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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

University  of  Toronto 


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INDEX 


I»eENGINEE^RING£22 

Mining  Journal 


VOLUME    XC 


JULY  TO   DECEMBER 


1910 


HILL     PUBLISHING     COMPANY 
505  Pearl  Street,  NEW  YORK 


77? 

/ 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 

VOLUME  XC,  JULY  TO  DECEMBER,  19 JO 


Illustiateii   Articles  are   Itesitrnatt-d   i>y  an   A>.tfii«,k  (').      Nanus  of   l!oiiU>  are   Indioated  bv   a   Dajrper  (t). 


PAGE 

Abbontlakoon   mine.  JJ4 

Abosso  mine.  West   At.  114 

Abundancia   mine,   Mex.  441 

Acadia  Coal  Co.  _  ,od8 

Accident  fund,   Miners'.  Rogers-Brown.     101 .1 
Accident   Gold   Mg.   Co.  334 

Accident,  Industrial,  InTestlgatlon  asked.  18U 
Accident   Insurance,   German  miners'.         86 1, 

900,  956,  1007 
Accident  laws,   Proposed.  84,  921,   1"273 

Accident  prevention,  Goldfield  Consol.  2 

Accidents  and   lUireau  of  Mines.  164 

Accidents,  Canadian  mines.  308 

Coal-mine — List   to   date.  949 

Coal-mine,   in   1909.  1024 

Coal-mine,  Gt.  Brit.  1070 

Colliery,   Various  countries.     1315 
"  '       colliery    laws.  1218 

colliery,  Belgium.  'olO 

In  coal  mines  of  North 

1313 

330 

rial  a   on.  23 

Prevention — A.    M.    C. 


Accidents, 
Accidents, 
Accidents, 
Accidents, 
Accidents — Colo, 
Accidents,  Fatal, 
Accidents,  Fatal, 

America. 
—Note. 

Accidents.   Fatal, 
Accidents,    Mine, 


Committee  report. 


601,   587,   11, 


56. 
1090 


Accidents,  Mine,  Prevention — British 
mortality  statistics ;  frozen  explo- 
sives, thawing,  etc.  1043 
Accidents,  Roof-fall,  and  other.  1071 
Accidents — Transvaal  report.  356 
Acetylene  lamps  in  mines.  1094 
Achotla      mine,      Guerrero,     Mining    and 


smelting. 
Acid   elevator, 
Adams,  K.  T. 
Adams,  G.  I. 
Adams,  F.  D. 


Automatic,   Schuetze's. 


S.  W.  Lu'on. 
I'ressure  influence 
Adams  mine  skip  improvements. 
Aeration   of   cyanide   solutions. 
Africa.      See  also   "Transvaal."   ' 
■Rhodesia."        "Orange." 
"West,"  "South,"  "Nigeria." 
"Diamonds."    "Tin."   etc. 
African  copper. 
Afterthought    mine.    Calif. 


•Rand.' 
Natal,' 
"Gold,' 

198, 


•663 

•330 

472 

t778 

597 

•1046 

'1292 


1288 
184,    528,    733, 
831.  1125,  1322 
Agasslz,   Rodolphe   L.  425,   571 

Agglomeration,     manganiferous     llmonlte 

ore.  •216 

Agglomerating  ore  fines  and  flue  dust.     ^814 
Agitating    apparatus    for     slimes.     Roth- 
well  and  Aklns.  ^206 
Agitation,    Air,   gaining  ground.  856 
Agitation,  Continuous,  In  Pachuca  tanks, 

at    Ksperanza,    etc.  ^213,    •SO' 

Aguascalientes,   <-'opper  converting.     266.   461 
Aguascalientes,      Mining     and     smelting 


in. 


•678 

•668 

425 

254,  283,  784 

683 

309 

11220 

899,  952 


Agullera.  Jose  G. 

Aguilera,   Manuel.   Death  of. 

Ahmeek   mine.   Mlrh. 

Abumada.   Miguel. 

Aid    fund.    Ilomestake. 

".\lr.    Compressed,    Plant." 

Air     CO;   criterion,   etc. 

Air,    Compressed,   suction   ventilation.        ^704 

Air,  Compressed  :  Theory,  Computations.  t978 

Air,  Compressed,  Unwaterlng  shaft  by.     •848 

Air     compression,     Hydraulic,     Loss     of 

oxygen   in.  508 

Air  compressor  engine  repair.  ^1172 

Air     compressor     plant.     Novel     electric 

driven,   at    New    .Modderfonteln.  550 

Air    cost.    Importance     of,     in     machine 

drilling. 
Air  flow   meter.  Genl.   Elec. 
Air,    Handling   concentrates   by. 
Air  heaters.   Small  elec. 
Air    meters,    tjuestlon    regarding. 
Air.     Hydraulic,     at     Cobalt.      Lack 

oxygen   In. 
Air  reheater.  Electric. 
Air  used   In   copper  converting. 
Altken.    R.    M. 

.\jnchltlan    mine,    Queretaro.    Mex. 
Alabama  Coal  Op.   .Vsso. 
— Discusses    coal    problems. 
Alabama  coal   rales. 
Alabama    pas    pipe    line. 
Alabama,    Now    mine    laws. 
Alabama,    Rescue    station. 


of 


6 

217 

203 

1194 

248 

59 

•395 

462 

1173 

662 

229,  979,   1119 
326 
033 


330, 


132. 
569, 


Alaga  Mg.  Co. 
Alamos  Co.,  Mex. 
.-Vlaska  boundary  survey. 
Alaska   coal      Bering  rl'v.   field. 

—  Pros.   TafI    and    Kalllngcr   on    lands. 

—  Influence  of  Calif,  petroleum. 
— Balllnger   investigation   report. 
— Geol.   Survey   report. 


1280 

1321 

1119 

527. 

1208 

781 

189 

917 

•272 

i(\-t. 

1151 

1238 

1265 

t360 


— Notes. 

Alaska  Consol.  Cop.  Co. 
Alaska— Cop.   Ulv.  &  N.  W.  R.   R 
Alaska,    Copper,    Chltina    region. 
— Chltina   belt  opening. 
Alaska,   Gold.  334, 


PAGE 

470,  685 

•1012 

•77 

•1011 

•1306 


— Total    production. 
Alaska,  Gold  dredges. 
— Some  economic   deposits. 
Alaska  Gold  Mg.  &  Devel.  Co. 
Alaska  Petroleum  &  Coal  Co. 
Alaska   placer  claims — -A   bill. 
Alaska,   Placer  mining.  In  1909. 
Alaska.   Situation   in. 
Alaska-Treadwell.         334.  553,  62 


•412,   418,   443,   507, 

564,  1274 

607 

•507,  •859 

551 


926 

•273,   274 

1250 

•412 

209 

705,  758. 

800,    850 

•708 

154,  893 

931 

1083 

1293 

576 

85 

1123 

90 

1121 


— Annual   report. 

Alaska  United  G.  M.  Co. 

Albert  Coal  &  Ry.  Co. 

Alberta.   Coal,    in   1909. 

Alden   Coal   Co.  '1168, 

Alder  gulch.   Mont.,   placers. 

Alexander,  John,  Death  of. 

Alexander   Oil   &   Devel.   Co. 

Alice  G.  &  S.   Mg.   Co. 

Alig.   P.   A. 

— Alluvial    gold   deposits   and   mining   In 

Colombia.  1098 

Allsal  Oil  Co.  184 

Alkali   production.  198 

Alkalinity,  Protective,  cyanide  solu- 
tions. 3 
Allan,  Fergus  L.  278,  377 
Allard.  A.  P.  571 
Aller,  F.  D.  Determining  copper  In  slags.  3 
Alliance  Coal  Mg.  Co.  336 
Allls-Chalmers  equipment.  Mend  plant.  '364 
Allouez  mine,  Mich.  254 
Alloy — "Modified"  German  sliver.  749 
Alpha  Gold  Mg.  Co.  280 
Alsing  multiple  tube  mill.  •lieS 
Alta  Gracia  group,  Mex.  385 
Aita-Oecla.  127S 
Alta,  Proposed  merger  at.  834,  1278 
Altar  gold  placer  fields.  Sonora.  •OSl.  846 
Altenau  works,  Germany.  347 
Alumina  In  cop.  blast-furnace  slags.  1260 
Aluminum  alloy.  New.  1289 
Aluminum  alloy  currency,  France.  1100 
-Aluminum  alloy,  Vlckers-Maxim.  617 
Aluminum  dust.  Precipitation  with.  •1256 
Aluminum,  Soldering.  1145 
Aluminum  syndicate.  French.  1300 
Aluminum,  World's  production.  1056 
Alunlte  Co.,  Nev.  833 
Alvarado,  Pedro.  ^259 
Alvarado  Consol.  Mines  Co.  -932 
Alvarez  vanadium-ore  assay.  79 
Amalgamated  Asbestos  Corp.  480.  738 
Amalgamated  Cop.  Co.  34,  90 
Amalgamated  Ploche  Mines  Corp.  1170 
Amazon  Hutte,  Mont.  138 
Amazon  Montana.  430 
Amazfin-Ralnbow  Co.,  Nev.  •763,  1258 
American  Chem.  Soc.  at  S.  F.  208 
American  Eagles,  Colo.  186.  476.  529.  575. 
831,  1125.  1225 
Amercan  Klectrochemical  Club.  1250 
American  Explo.  &  Mg.   Co.                              833 


American    Flag.    Utah. 


881,    1032,    1278 


American  Fork   M.  &   P.   Co.  479 

Amherst   Graphite   Mines.   B.   C.  480 

American   Inst.   Mg.   Eng. 
—The  library.  152 

— Papers  at  Pittsburg  meeting.         •521,  974 
— Canal  zone  meeting.  852,  997,  1050 

American    Iron    A   Steel    Asso.      44,   211,    300. 
340,    440,   535,    741,   838.   1019,    1103. 
1263.  1241.  1309 
American   Iron  &  Steel   Inst.      472.   730.   977 
—Meeting.  796,  806 

American   Metal   Co.  738,   743.   979 

American  mine.  N.  S.  236 

Amercan    Mg.    Congress.  331,   377,    390. 

443,  loon 
— Safety  committee.  11 

—Colo,   chapter.  355.  249,  345,  473,  924 

— Delegates  to  Los  Angeles.  377 

— Prevention   of  accidents.         601,  587,   756, 


1090 

710,  7.56 

923 

780 


— Los  Angeles  meeting. 
— Montana   chapter. 
— Chapter    In   Northwest. 

--Proposed    mining  stock    rpqulrements.    1.109 
.\merlcan    Nettle    mine.    Discovery.  758 

American    Oilfields    well    No.    79.       308.    397, 

•443.  572,  591 
American  Onvx  Co.  879 

American   Ore   Milling  Co.  ^652 

American    Pent    Product   Co.  928 

American   Peat   Soc.  254 

American    Smelters'    Securities   Co.      393.   405, 

■  1033,   1181 


PAGE 

—Finances.  891,  994,  995,   1099,   1327 

American    Smg.    4    Ref.   Co.        198,   285,    527, 
858,  937,  1026,  1223,  1234,  1272,  1284 
— Finances.  891,   994,   995,    1099 

— Blast  roasting  sulphides.  317,  318,  319 

— Copper   matte   converting,    etc.      266,    460, 

527 
— Relations    to   mining   and    smelting   In 

Colo.     37,  86,  345,  526.  844,   1009,  1041, 
1093,    1143,   1240.    1251 
—Annual    report.  393,   405 

— Mining,   smelting,   Aguascalientes.  •678 

American  Soc.  Engineering  Contractors.  425 
American  Soc.  Testing  Materials.  123,  214 
American  syndicate,  sapphires,  Mont.  1324 
American   Zinc.   Lead   &   Smg.   Co.      ^15.   243. 

689 
— Deerlng  plant.  •502 

Amethyst  mine.  Colo.  134 

Ammonia,    Production   by   synthesis.  512 

Ammonium  sulphate,  German  consump- 
tion. 195 
Ammonium  sulphate,  Gt.  Brit.  292 
Anaconda  Mg.  Co.  86,  34,  38.  90,  138,  157, 
234,  280,  284,  406,  430,  460,  473, 
526,  530,  620,  625,  735,  785,  828, 
880.  924.  928.  982.  1030,  1320.  1324 
— Progress  In  publicity.  748 
— Lumber,  operations.  1054 
Anaconda  mine.  Calif.  600 
.Analytical  methods.  Cananea  laboratory.  647 
Ananena  mill.  Mex.  515 
Anderson  Artificial  Coal  Co.  829,  893 
Anderson  Halter  Mines  Co.  981 
Anderson  Mica  Mg.  Co.  1179 
Anderson,  W.  J.  33 
Andrew.  A.  Piatt.  525 
Angels  Quartz  Mg.  Co.  •61.  ^353 
Anglo-Newfoundland  Devel.  Co.  •360,  362 
Angus.  Robert.  Death  of.  1173 
Angustias,  Dolores  y  anexas.  967 
— Cyanide  mill  reconstruction.  ^321 
Animas  mine,  Mex.  •660 
Annealing-cup  holder  and  tray.  •707 
Annie  Laurie  mine.  Utah.  1326 
Annuity   funds.  German   miners'.        867.   900. 

956.   1007 
Anode  casting.  Australia.  •1111 

Anodes,   Insoluble.  590 

Anthony,    Wm.    B.  779,    1173 

Anthracite.      .See  also  "Coal." 
Anthracite  Miners'   Inst.  827 

Anthracite  trust  decision.  1190,  1199 

Antl  Debris.      See   "Dredge,"  etc. 
Antigua   mines.   Real   de   Slvlrijoa,    Sina- 

ioa.  •I  155 

Antigua    mine.    Sonora.  66,    432 

Antimony   determination.    Cananea.  649 

Antimony   ore.   Market   for.  248 

Antimony    ore    purchaser.  1241 

Antimony.    Uses    for.  395 

Apex,  Law  of.  Pres.  Taft  on.  '495.  494.  947 
Apollo  Consol.   mine.   Alaska.  553 

Aporoma    Gokifields.    Ltd.  1033 

App  mine.   Calif.  684.   734.   879 

Appalachian    Expo..   Minerals   and   Mines 

Dept.  762 

"Applied    Mechanics."  t369 

Aramyo.    Framka    y    Cla.  1262 

Arcadian    mine,    Mich.  429 

Archean    rocks    of    .Mexico.  821 

Arctic   Gold    Dredging  Co.  865 

Arentz.   Samuel   S.  85 

Arevalo  mine.  Mex.  642.  738,  835 

Argall,  P.  Reducing  mining  costs  and  In- 
creasing profits.  1251,  1240 
Argonaut  mine,  Calif.  380.  1224 
— Practice.  •S.  '.^O.  ^60 
Arlzona-Cananea.  830,  1081 
Arizona,  Cochise  countv,  production.  172 
Arizona  Commercial.  232,  363,  428.  782 
Arizona  Con.  Co.  136.  232.  363,  878.  1274 
-Mining  methods.  Metcalf.  Ariz.  •IIS 
— Semi  annual  report.  4.50 
Arizona  corporation  laws.  876.  1320 
Arizona  Mines  Co.  528,  733 
Arizona  Mg.  &  Trading  Co.  66 
Arizona  production,   1909,  by  metals  and 

companies.  363 

Arizona  Sonnra  R.  R..  New.  •SeS,  441 

Arizona,    Taxation,    patented    claims.  449 

Arizona.    West..    Tungsten    deposit.  1103 

Arlzpe   Mines   Co.  627 

Arkansas  Anthracite  Coal  *  Land  Co.  1224 
Arkansas,    Coal    mining    in.  1219 

Arkansas  &   Sup.   Zinc   Mg.   Co.  1176 

.\rmstrongMcGlbhon.    Ont.  834 

.Armstrong    self  oiling    roller.  ^1048 

Arrowhead    mine.    Utah.  285.    736 

Arsenic.    Determination   of.  357 

Arsenic   determination.   Cananea.  649 

Arteaga  dist..  Chihuahua.  •656 

Asbestos,   Machinery  for.  395 

Asbestos  mines.  Que.  141.  480 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Asbestos,   'Wyoming   Industry.  'o59,   *9o5 

—Notes.  834,   895 

Ash,      Reverberatorv,      Burning,     Steptoe 

plant.  1302 

Ashanti   Goldfields  Corp.  114,   427 

Asher  Coal  Mg.  Co.  283 

Ashlev.  .Tames  L.  730 

Ashmead.   E.     British  mining  companies, 

Mex.  664 

Aslentos  Mg.  Co.  678 

Aspen  camp,  Colo.  1174 

Assay.      See  also  "Sampling,"  metals  by 

name,  etc. 
Assay,  arsenical  nickel  cobalt  silver  ore.     809 
Assay  laboratory.  Labor-saving  appliances 

■for.  ♦706 

Assay  methods.   Cananea.  647 

Assay  office  reports,  f.  S.  182,  230,  334 

Assay  reports.  Moisture  as  source  of  error 

in.  1047 

Assay,    Wet.    for   vanadium    ores. 
Assayer's   slagr  catcher. 
"Assayers   and    Chemists,    Manual    for 
"Assaying,  Modern." 
Assessment      work.        Exemption 

through  forest  fires. 
Assets   mine.    Mont. 
Associated  Gold  Mines,  West  Aus. 
Associated  Oil  Co.  308,  37 

Associated  Portland  Cement  Mfrs. 
Asso.,  Portland  Cement  Mfrs.,  Am. 
Asso..  Consulting  Engineers. 
Asso.,  I.  &  S.  Elec.  Engineers. 
Astley,  .1.  W. 

Astley  Green  shaft  sinking. 
At  the  turning  point. 
Atikokan   Iron   Co. 
Atkins  classifier. 
Atlas  Mg.  Co. 
Atlas   Portland   Cement   Co. 
Atmospheric  pressure — Gas  outflow 


79 

•1196 

t.570 

t570 

from, 

1200 

284 

458 

,  442.  841 

796 

1221 

278 

977 

425 

•918 

588,  630 

1032 

•720 

621.   738 

938 

•."165, 

540,  1266 

904 

946.  966 


Atolla  Mg.  Co. 

Atomic  weights  committee  report. 

Atotonilco  el   Chico,  Compaiiia   Beneficia- 

dora  de  Metales  de.  932 

Anbury,  L.  E.     "Gold  Dredging,  Calif."  +1120 
Auroi-a  y  Anexas.  168 

Australasia,  Gold  and  silver.     189,  198.  516, 

1089,   1247 
Australia,  Electrolytic  cop.  refining.         ^717. 

769,  •nil 
Australia,  Oil  shale.  •407 

Australia,  Queensland  mining  legislation.  448 
Australia.    Tungsten.  716 

Australia — Victoria — Dredging,   etc.  516 

Australia.   West..   Custom   plants.  444 

Australia.  West,  gold  mines.  Ore  reserves.  458 
Australian  bounties.  554 

Austria-Hungary.   Natural  gas.  955 

Austria  Hungary,   public  coal   mining.        12.50 
Austria,   Potash   Industry.  722,    1087 

Austrian   potash  syndicate   operations.       1263 
Auto,   engines  for   wagon   freighting.  7n.S 

Avacava    mill,    Bolivia.  1054 

Avery   Co.,   La.  1226 

Avino.    Mex.  787 

Axial   basin,  Colo.,  petroleum.  876 

Ayershire  coal  mines.  Ind.  829 

Ayton's    thick    sand    extractor    and    slime 

separator.  515 


B 

B.  &  A.  asbestos  company.  Que.  141.  480 

Babbitt  metal.  Copper  in.  442 

Back  stoping.  Modified  system.  •950 

Badische  Anilln-  und  Soda-Fabrlk.  512 

Bag  houses  on  converter  fume.  263 

Baggaley,   W.    B.  1221 

Bagloy  tunnel,  Colo.  828 

Bahnev's   lime  investigation.  905 

Baliev,  A.  377 

Bain,  H.  F.  "Recent  Cyanide  Practice."  t976 
Bala  California  districts.  168,  404,  1229 

Baker.  M.   B.  732 

Balaklala  Cop.  Co.  14.  214,  232,  281,  378, 
442,  622,  687,  731,  828,  926 
— Closing  the  smeltery.  309 

Balance,  Hawley,  at  Cananea.  649 

Balance,   Torsion,    New.  •IIOO 

Baldwin  acetylene  lamps.  1094 

Baldwin  electric  locomotive.  *n54 

Ball   machine.  Garrison- Whipple.  '722 

Balllngor,  Sec.  and  Bureau  of  Mines.  151 

—Report  on  coal  and  oil  lands.  1151 

■     Investigation  report.  1238,  1265 

-  Lode  claim  location.  1290 

B&Mc  mine,   Mich.  254,   1046,   •1195 

Bai    >.  &  Ohio  car  distribution.  628 

Bam.  p  Cop.  Co.  735 

Bamb  rgcr-De   Lamar  Mg.   Co.  182,   530 

Bantjc    mine,   Transvaal.  1058 

Banxai  iilne.  Colo.  927 

Bard.    I'     C.      Geol.,    Radersburg    ^Ist.. 

Monr  599 

Bard  Creei    Mg.  Co.  279,  381 

Bard,  D.   i      on   tufa.  803 

Bard  mine,  i    .lo.  185 

Barlum-siilpb.i 'e    precipitation.  1191 

Barnato    Brothers.  025 

Barnes  King.  M.mt.  138.  234.  576,  880.  1178 
Barometric    pressure    and    liberation    of 

flreilnmp.  'SBS,   540,   1268 


PiGL 

Baron.  H.  J.     Mex.  planillas.  '3.^3 

Barramia  Mg.   &  Explo.  Co.  920 

Barrel  distributor  tor  concentration.  •7o4 

Barron,  George  D.  .-§1 

Barrow,  F.  H.  Asbestos,  central  Wyo.         •._>59 
Bartlett   mine,  Ont.  140,   690,   787 

Bartlett.   J.    H.,   Death   of.  181 

Bartola  gold  process.  913 

Basic-lined  copper  converters.      104,   263,   461 
Basin    Reduction   Co.  880,   1030 

Bates  Iron  Co.  5? 

Bath    rooms    in    miners'    houses.  9io 

Bath   tub,   Mule,   Concrete.  593 

Baths.  Free,  at  Pachuco.  66i 

Batopilas,  Mex.  92,  237,  286,  655,   1129 

— Report.  6j3- 

Bauxite,  Analysis  of.  o4L 

Bayliss,   R.   T.  128' 

Beacon  Hill  Co.,   Kan.  sif 

Bear  Lake  section,  .Mich.  429 

Bearing.   Journal.    Hot.   Cooling.  54o 

Bearings,    Cement,    tor    machinery.  1197 

Bearpaw   Mtns.,   Mont.,   Lead.  367 

Beaton,  Absalom,  Death  of.  827 

Beaudette.   A..   .1.  1271 

Beaver  Hill  mine.  Ore.  1^16 

Beaver  mine,  Ont.     480,  531,  532,  690,  1181, 

1279,    132tj 
Beck  Tunnel,    Utah.  139,   442,   478,    531, 

786,  1127 
Beeler,  H.  C.    Asbestos,  Wyo.  •955 

Belgium,  Coal.  I  ampine  dist.  132 

Belgium,  Coal-mining  fatalities.  ^519 

Belgium.   Mining  congress  in.  209 

Bell   Graphite   Co.  813,    1249 

Bell,  Hand,  sigual  wiring.  '045 

Bell,    Ralston.      Protective   alkalinity    in 

cyauide   solvitions.  3 

— Commercial    cyanide,    etc.  200,    4 

Bell    &  Zoller   Mg.   Co.  1225 

Bellevue  mine,  Alberta,  explosion.   12S9,  131 1 
Bellis.    Thos.,    Death    of.  1173 

Helmina   asbestos    mines.    Que.  1181 

Belt  conveyer.      See  "Conveyer." 
Benedicks,  C.     Removing  grease.  1242 

Benefit.      See  also  "Insurance." 
Benefit   fund,   Rogers-Brown.  1018 

Benner  R.  C.  Rapid  electrolytic  determi- 
nation of  copper.  ^51 7 
— Method  tor  tungsten.  905 
Bennett-Stephenson  Co.,  X.  M.  833 
Bennette,  Jas.,  Death  of.  1221 
liennetis.  Thomas.  425 
Bent  magnetic  ore  separator.  ^554 
Bentley  colliery  longwall  system.  ^1020,  1093 
Bering  riv.  coalfield,  Alaska.  ^272 
— Railroad  to  it.  209 
Berkey,  Charles  P.  262 
Berlin  asbestos  company.  Que.  141 
Bernard-Argue-Roth-Stearns    Oil    &    Gas 

Co.  1123 

Bernhardihiitte,   Furnace  charging.  346 

Bernier.  J.   !■'.  33 

Berry.    Kdward   W.  472 

Berwind-White  Coal  Mg.  Co.       599,  SS4,  1328 
Bervl.  Crude.  Market  for.  168 

Beshear  camp,  Colo.  230,   279,  332,   381 

Beshear.  Jas.,   Strike  by.  575 

Best  &  Belcher,  Nev.  442 

Bethlehem   Steel   Co.   coke  plant.  276 

— interest  in  the  Cramps.  885 

— Improvements.  996 

Beyschlag,    F.      "Lagerstiitten   der   Nutz- 

baren  Mineralien."  tl27 

Big  Muddy  C.  &   I.  Co.  735 

Big  Stick  mine.  Mo.  382 

Bilsky,   Samuel.  1271 

Bin,  Dry-concentrate,  Gate  for.  ^704 

Bin,    Storage,   gates,    Mineville.  ^594 

Bins,  Circular  steel.  Large.  ^170.  301 

Bins,    Zinc-ore,    Heating.  1241 

Bingham    -\malgamated   Co.  122S 

Bingham   Copper.  140,   626.   1075 

Bingham    Mines   Co.  531,   732,    881.   9S4, 

1180,  1278 
Bingham  Ne\y    Haven.  737.   881,   930.   1278 

Birkinbine.  .1.  L.  W.  Coal  and  iron  ex- 
plorations in  Oaxaca.  •668 
Birminghani  Coal  &  Iron  Co.  326.  1282 
Bisbee.  Mitchell  slicing  system.  ^174.  1291 
Bismarck  mine.  Mex.  675 
Bitter  creek  strike.  B.  C.  280,  451.  781 
Bituminous  coal.  See  "Coal." 
Black   Bear  mines.   Various.   Calif.     426,   574, 

687,   734 
Black  Butte,  Nev.  39,  833,  924 

Black  Friday  mine,  Mont.  430 

Black   Hills,  Tin  mining  in.  315 

Black  Jack.  Utah.  1031.  1079,  1127 

Blaik,   John.  1271 

Blaik  Mtn.   Coal   Corp.,  Ky.  382 

Black   Range  Reduction  Wks.  313 

Blackburn   Mines  Co.  1307 

Blackwood  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  1278 

Blair,  J.  I.    Sublimated  white  lead  rafr.    •OOe 
— Lead    poisoning    and   sublimated    white 

lead.  "  1061 

Blake  Jaw  cruiihers--Comparison.  •SiiO 

Blake,   T.    W.  1221 

Blake.  W.  P.— A  tribute.  55 

Blakemorc,    G.    H.      Electrolytic    cop.    re- 
fining.  Australia.  ^71 7.   769 
Blast.      See  also  "Furnace,"   "Roasting," 

"Converter." 
Blast  pressures,  copper  converting.  463 


PAGE 

Blasters.  Circuit  tester  for.  1193 

Blasting.     See  also  "Explosive." 
Blasting — Accident   committee   report.  601 

Blasting,  Ala.  operators  discuss.  326 

Blasting,   Coroner's  Jury's   suggestions.      1117 
Blasting,  Dust  exnloslons  from.  1268 

Blasting,  D.  J.  Hauer  on.  1149 

Blasting — Electric  shot  firing.  60,  84,  156 

Blasting — Handling    fuse    and    caps.  445 

Blasting  in  wet  ground.  753 

Blasting  practice.  Southern  Indiana.  •869 

Blasting  precautions.    I5elgium.  '519 

Blasting — Strong  detonators  needed.  498 

Blasting — Vital  tacts.  130 

Blaugas  in  portable  cylinders.  607 

Bleichert   coal-transfer  plant.  1211 

Bloomfleld.  Walter.  683 

Blue  Bell  mine,  B.  C.  479 

Blue  Grouse  mine,  Wash.  140,  737 

Blue  Goose  dredge.  Alaska.  863 

Blue   Ledge  mine,   Calif.  381,  476 

Blue  Light  Cop.  Mg.  Co.  474 

Blue  Mtns..  N.   S.  W.,   oil  shale.  '407 

Blueprint  hangers.  999 

Blueprints,  Collapsible  tank  for.  704 

Bluestone  Extension,  Nev.  91 

Blulf  Colliery  Coking  Wks.  910 

Bocbum,  General  Miners'  Union.         867,  900. 

956,  1007 
Boehmer,    M.       Proposed    amendment    for 

location  of  lode  claims.  1043,   1193 

Boericke.  W.  F.     Cooling  hot  bearing.         '545 
Boiler-plate  rolling  centennial.  110.  112 

Boiler   tubes.    Fence   of.  1049 

Boilers,   Waste-heat,   at   Tooele.  •1059 

Bol,   J.      Preventing  mill  dust.  1093 

Bolanos.  Mex.  .    .  835 

Bolivia.    Bedded    copper   deposits    of   Ca- 

langas.  ^909 

Bolivia.    Tin    mining.  •1262 

Bolivian  Andes.  Tin  mining  and  milling. 

•1053,  1093 
Bonanza  de  Cobre.  Mex.  ISO 

Bonanza.  Kennicott,  mine,  .\laska.     ^77.  184. 
209.  ^273.  622.  685.  1011.  ^1012,  •1307 
Bonanza  King  mine.  Calif.  734 

Bonus  system,  Shaft  sinking.  Butte.  108 

Book  notices.        127,  277,  369.  570,   778,  976. 

112U.   12211 
Books — Weight — Uneven  sizes.  247 

Booth.   H.   C.  779 

Borax.  Chile.  17 

Bordeaux.  A.    Gold  dredging.  Fr.  Guiana.  ^562 
Borie.  A.  E.  683 

Boron.  Pure.  Production  of.  749 

Boston  &  Alta.  Cop.  Co.  ^354,  477 

Boston  Consol.  14.   737,   ^951 

—  Classifier.  99.8 

Boston  &  Coibin,  Mont.  '3oi.  983,  1178 

Boston  &  Ida.  Gold  Dr.  Co.  766,  76S 

Boston  &  Mont.  ^400 

— Cost  of  mining — correction.  450 

Boston-Sunshine.  40 

Botsford.   Robert   S.  472 

Boudoire.  L.    Unwatering  by  air.  '848 

Boundary   survey.   Alaska.  917 

Bourke,   Joseph  M.  1271 

Boutwell.  J.  M.  1161 

Bowron.    James.  425 

Box   for  handling  coal.  '753 

Brace.    H.     H.        "Gold    Production    and 

Future  Prices."  t369 

Braden   Cop.    Mines   Co.        41.   214.   691.   843. 

1181 
Bradshaw   mine,    I'tah.  40 

Braham   mine.   Alaska.  136 

Brake  for  timber  slide.  •849 

Brand's   Pure  Jlipelter  Co.  ^415 

Brandy   Cy.   mines,   Calif.  731 

Brattle.    W.    J.  33 

Praxton   County   Coal   Co.  1080 

Braxton    Splint   Coal  Co.  1080 

Bravton.  Corev  Co.  1121 

Brazil    Block    Coal   Co.  784 

— Mining  methods.  •S'l.    •872 

Brazil,  Coal  deposits.  919 

Brazil.   Elec.    railroad   in.  1023 

"Brazil  in  1909."  t369 

Brazil.    Iron   industry.  330 

Breathing.      See  "Rescue." 

Breece  Hill  M.  &  D.  Co.  233 

Breen.    C.     F.       Fireproof    coustractlon, 

underground  stables.  247 

Brennon.   John   C.  571 

Bretherton.     S.     E.        Smoke     nuisance, 

Calif.  152 

Briggs,   H.     French  experiments  on  coal 

dust.  1266 

Bright  Diamond.  Colo.  390.   734 

Brilliant    Extended    Gold    Mg.    Co.  ^124 

Brlnsmade.    R.    B.       Coal     Industry,     W. 

Va.  775 

Brinton.  Walter.  1073 

Brhiuetted   zinc  ore.   Smelting.  323,   751 

Briquetting  coal   in  U.  S.  614 

Briquctting   fine   iron    ores.  1247 

Briquetting  ore   fines,   etc.  •814 

Brisels   Co..    Victoria.  516 

British.      See  also  "United   Kingdom." 
British  Col.  Cop.   Co.  384,  385.  1180 

Brit.   Col.,   Gold,   new    field.  931 

Brit.   Col..   Iron.  219 

Brit.   Col..   Rescue  provisions.  '201.   1024 

British    Col     mines    and    minerals — 1909 

production.  257 


INDEX 


I'AGE 

Brit.  Col.   mines  bureau   enforces   laws.        826 
Brit.    Col. — Minerals    on   G.   T.    P.  209 

•Brit.    Col.,    Undereloped    Areas."  t778 

Brit,   mining  companies  in  Mex.  664 

Broadwater.    C.   C.      Zinc-dust    feeder.  804 

Brock.   R.   W.  56.  236.   308.   87.5 

— Porcupine  dist.,  Ont.  221 

— Gold  and  coal  areas.  Canadian  N".   W.     548 
Brocliunier.    S.    H.  85 

Brolicn  Hill  concentrates — Fume  filtra- 
tion. Mie 
Broken  Hill  Prop,  report.  1006 
—Note.  1019 
Broken  Hill  South  report.  1201 
Broken  Hill  statistics.  1909.  109 
Broken    Hill    tailings   treatment  :    produc 

tlon.  _* 

Broken   Hill   zinc-ore  smelting.  32:!.   7.il 

Brooks.  A.  H.     Placer  mg.,  Alaska.  '412 

Brooks  on  Alaska  coal  lands.  49.') 

Brown,  F.  C.  229 

Brown,  Henry  G.  1073 

Brown   radiation  pyrometer.  '1298 

Brown,    VV.    C.        Magnet    tor    removing 

iron   from   pulp.  '445 

Browne,  D.  H.     Smelting  costs.  58S.  589 

Browning  Mfg.  Co.  excavator.  '315 

Bruce,   J.  L.     Shafting  reinforcemeqts.      '250 
— Jig   dewaterer.  '399 

Brunner.  Mond  &  Co.  198 

Brunton.   D.   W.  249.  355 

Bryan.   B.      Section  liner  for  lettering.        501 
Bryant,  J.  W.  425 

Br'v<e.    .Tames,    Discovery    by.  893 

Bryden.   Andrew.  331,    472 

Buchanan,    C.    P.      Timber   tests.  1293 

Buck,  C.   F.  472 

Buck  Coal  Co.  626 

Bucket  dump.   Automatic.  'lOfi 

Bucket.   Ore.  Mineville.  '500 

"Bucket-shop"    crusade.    Foreign.  1300 

Bucket,  Sinking,  Safety  dump  for.  '204 

Buckets,   Sinking,   Crosshead   for.  '154 

Buckley,   Pres.,  on  conservation.  710 

Buddie    as    concentrator    of    cop.    slimes. 

•1107,  1143 
Budrow,  W.  B.  923 

Buehler,   H.   A.  85 

Buen   Despacho,   Mex.  92,  532 

Buen   Pastor  mine,  Mex.  627 

Buena  F«  Co.,  Mex.  1229 

Buena  Vista  mine.  Mex.  *660 

Buffalo  Mines.  Ltd.,  Ont.       35,  237,  286,  532, 

621,   738 
— Report.  223 

Buffalo  &  Susquehanna  mine.  801,  1013 

Biihler,  W.     Creosoting  timber.  1295 

Bullens,  D.  K.     Assay  of  arsenical  nickel 

cobalt  silver  ore.  809 

Bullfrog-Pioneer,   Nev.  333,  685 

Bullion  Coal  Co.  1276 

Bullion,  Elec.  refining,  U.  S.  mints.  214 

Bullion   mine,   Idaho.  137,   526 

Bullock-Beck   mine.   Utah.  621 

Bully  Hill  Cop.  Co.     134,  152,  249,  395,  622, 

731,  879 
Bunce,   Walter   H.  619 

Bunks,  Mine,  Improvements  in.  •705 

Bunker  Hill,  Calif,     'eo,  ^157,  281,  52S,  622, 
687,  980,   1176,   1274 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan,   Idaho.  26    137.   427. 

•754,  831 
— Stoping  methods.  '452 

—Mill   practice.  ^304,   306,    'SoO 

— Concentrating  tests.  301,   541 

Bunney,   Robert.  Death  of.  977 

Bunsen  Coal  Co.  477,  1071,  1178 

Burbridge,  Frederick.  181 

Burch,  H.  Kenyon.  313 

Burchard.   E.   E.  278 

Burden    iron   mines.   N.  Y.  1126 

Bureau   of  Corporations  will   not   divulge 

Individual  costs.  1101 

Bureau    of   Mines.        53,   56,   493,    497,    1005, 

1208 
— Govt,   testing  plant.  13 

— Secretary  Balllnger.  151 

— Explanatory  circular.  164 

— Directorship — Director's   statement.  211 

— Cooperation    with    Geol.    Surv.    1005,    1092, 

1143 
Burmese  petroleum.  991,  1114 

Burnes,   ("has.    A..   Death   of.  472 

Burr  Bros.,  Inc..  Raid  on.  1042,  1045 

Bush,  M.     Mine  electrification.  329 

Buskett     E.    W.      Lead   assay   In   tailings 

and  slags.  408 

— Deerlng  plant.  Am.  Zinc.  Lead  &  Smg. 

Co.  ^502 

Butte- Alex   Scott   shaft  sinking.  107 

Butte  &  Ballaklava.  38,  182,   620,   1128 

— Anaconda   controversy.  406,   473,    1324 

Butte,   Boise  &  S.  F.   R.   R.  134 

Butte   &    Boston,  88,    90 

Butte  Central.  625,  982,  1276 

Butte   Coalition.  284,    •400 

Butte  companies'  production — Correction.  450 
Butte  labor  situation.  572.  924 

Butte  ore.  2d  class,  converter  lining.         157 
Butte  &  Superior.     34,  86,  230,  280,  477,  688. 

928,  979,  1078 
Butte,  Surveying  methods  at.  ^1209,  ^1097 
Butters  Copala   Syndicate.  835 

Butters  filter  plant.  Crown  mines.      797,  894 
By  the  way.  749.  893,  1091,  1191.  1239,  1289 


Cable.     See  also  "Rope." 

Cable   drum    for    lowering   timber.  •253 

Cable  grip.   Dredge.   Simple.  '351 

Cable  sets  shaft  on  fire.  971 

Cable  way  In  engine  room  walls,  Clos- 
ing. •1090 
Cables.  Electric,  Insulation  of.  1147 
Cables,  Tramway — Turning  device.  '801 
Cables.  Tramway.  Splicing.  849 
Cactus  Cop.   Co.          136,  334,  380,   S30.   1224 

—  Its  affairs.  845 
Cactus.  Mex..  Lime  In.  1239 
Cadmium.  Recovery  of.  1241 
Cage.  Timber.  Lincoln  mine.  •848 
Cages.  Proposed  laws  regarding.  604 
Cages,  Telescopic  gate  for.  ^61 
("airnes,  D.  D.  549 
Calahacillas  mine.  Chihuahua.  '359.  835 
Calafatlta — New  mineral.  1191 
Calamine   at    Leadville.      635.    637,    620,    684, 

831,  876,  954,  981,  996,  1026.  1142.  1272 
Calcium  chloride  sprays.     See  "Coal  dust." 
Calcium   oxide  in  commercial  line.   Rapid 

estimation  for.  905 

Calcium   sulphate   reduction.  1248 

Caldecott  diaphragm  cone.  847 

Caldecott  sand  tables.  Simmer  &  Jack.  ^1245 
Caledonia   Mining  Co..    Ida.  508 

—Notes.  137.   283,  335,  454,   1276 

Calera  mine  and  mill,  Mex.  406,  579,  679 

California.     See  also  "Dredge,"  etc. 
Calif.,    Coal    mining.    In    1909..  1317 

Calif.  —  Condemnations  by  power  com- 
panies. 22 
Calif. — Desert  sign  posts.  803 
Calif,  dredges.  Notes  on  construction.  ^765 
"Calif.,  Gold  Dredging  in."  tll20 
Calif.,  Hydrocarbons  production.  549 
Calif.,  Iron  in.  355,  1222 
Calif.,  Magnesite  mining.  903,  230 
Calif. — Nevada  county  production.  256 
Calif.  Oil  Men's  Asso.  827,  1026 
Calif,  oil  operators  meet.  396 
Calif.,  Petroleum.  34,  tl27,  279,  ^443,  526, 
549,  •807,  841,  924,  978,  1026,  1074, 
1122,  1222,  1272,  1317 
—Dividends.        153,   303,   5.50,   750,   807,   996, 

1248 
— Notes  from  oilfields,  oil  situation,  etc.  308, 

449,   591 
— Independent    Oil    Producers'    Agency.      591, 

841 
— Pinchot  advocates  leasing.  710 

— Prices.  497,  853,  949 

1154 
1238 
1222 
378 
309, 
1151 
36,    214,    232,    281, 
309.  473,  622.  731 
Calif.,  Smoke  nuisance  In.  152 

Calif.,    Southern,    Nitrate    deposits.  173 

Calif.    State   Miners'   Asso.  619 

Calif..    Tungsten.    Rand    dIst.  904 

Calley.    S.       Buddie    as    concentrator    of 

cop.  slimes.  1143 

Callide  Coal  Co.  449 

Calliope  mine.   Colo.  335 

Callow    cone    installations.    Piping.  ^951 

Calumet  &  Ariz.     88,  189,  232.  363,  475,  782, 
926,  1161,  1224 
—Mitchell  slicing  system.  ^174,   1291 

Calumet   &   Hecla.      138,   283,   382,   477,    498, 
609,  688,  879,  1226 
— Report.  255 

—Sand  wheels.  ^218,  772 

Calumet  &  Sonora.  141,  932,   1025,   1279 

Calwav   mine,   Que.  141,    i87 

Cam-shaft  collar.  •398 

Camas  Cop.  &  Milling  Co.  1324 

Camp  Bird,   Ltd.  734,  978 

— Report.  852 

Campbell.  M.  R.     Coal  reports.  777,  1316 

Campeche,   No  copper  In.  653 

Camplne  dist..   Collieries   of.  132 

Campo  Morado  dlst.,  Mex.  673 

Canada,  Coal.  1273 

— Division  of  fields.  617 

— Operators  oppose  reciprocity.  1024 

— New   operation — Queen   Charlotte.  1024 

^Fatal  mine  accidents.  1313 

— Alberta  production.   1909.  1083 

Canada.    Experimental    magnetic   concen- 
tration. 908 
Canada,   Gold   and   silver  production.        1247 
Canada,  Iron  and  ore.                          ."iSS,  1273 

-  -Iron  and  steel  bounties.  876 
Canada  Iron  Corp.  338 
Canada  lead-ore  subsidy.  494,  573 
Canada  Paint  Co.  931 
Canada,  Tellurlde  ore.  1104 
Canada,  Tin  ore  In.  512 
"Canada  Year  book.  1909."  t778 
Canada — Yukon  and  N.  W.  explorations.  201 
Canadian  Clav  Products  Mfrs.'  Asso.  1319 
Canadian  Collieries  Co.,  Ltd.  1024 
Canadian  Collieries  (Dunsmulr)  Ltd.  826 
Canadian  Cop.  Co.  318.  985 
Canadian  cop.  royalties  remitted.  1321 
Canadian  Dep't  of  Mines,  Report,  1909.  1570 
Canadian  experts.  Coal  tests  by.                   617 


— Whittier-OIinda   field   map. 

— Infiuence  on   Alaska  coal. 

Calif.  Power  Co. 

Calif.,  Quicksilver. 

Calif.,  R.   R.   lands  and  mining  claims. 


Calif.,    Smeltery    smoke. 


PAGE 

Canadian  explosives  testing  station.  308,  781 
Canadian    iron   and   steel    mergers.      See 

"Steel   Co.."   "Dominion." 
Canadian   Klondike  Gold  Co.  1229,  1327 

Canadian    Metal — Blue    Bell.  479 

Canadian   mines.   Accidents   in.  308 

Canadian   Mining  Institute.  1173 

Canadian  mining-law  codification.  1273 

Canadian  N.  W.,  Gold  and  coal  areas.  548 
Canadian    Pac.   Ry.  231.   1123 

Canadian    peat   experiments.      252,   254,   685, 

1071,   1270 
Canadian   Smg.   &   Ref.   Co.  385.   1321 

Canadian  tech.   education  commission.  135 

Canal  resolutions,  A.  I.  M.  E.  1051 

Cananea  Central.  73.   212 

Cananea  Consol.      (See  also  "Greene")      141, 
212.  440,   1103,   1279 
— Report  for  1909.  70 

— Handling  wet  concentrates.  203 

— Sampling    practice   details.  •638.    640 

— Analytical   methods  in   laboratory.  647 

— Mining  methods.  'OH.    •963 

Cananea  Duluth   mine.   Mex.  •063 

Cananea.   Mex.,   Mining  methods  at.  'OM, 

•903,   1193 
Cananea  mining  dist..  Ore  deposits.  ^402 

Candelaria   mines.   Water   problem.  658 

—  Raising  stack.  •1244 

Candelaria    nitrate   deposits.  1321 

fantwell.   H.  J.     H.   M.   McChesney.  1201 

Cape  Copper  Co.  •361 

Capital   Mg.   &  Tunnel  Co.  1275 

Capital   Prize  mine,  Colo.  981 

Capitalization  of  small  mines.  771 

Capote  mine,  Mex.  ^404 

Caprington  colliery.  Scotland,  accident.  '973 
Caps.    Precautions    in   handling.  445 

Car  distribution.   Coal   mines.  599 

Car  distribution,  B.  &  O.  628 

Car  dumns.   Automatic.  ^204,   ^1295 

Car,    Furnace  charging,   Granby.  ^499 

Car  loading  arrangement.  Simple.-  ^593 

Car,    Mine,    Side-dump.  ^1197 

Car,    Ore,    Self-propelled.  ^1061 

Car,  Ore,   Wooden,   Prospectors'.  •592 

Car.  Scale.  Simple,  Florence  mill.  ^155 

Car  stopping  devices.  Gravity  inclines.  446 
Car,   Tram,   with  auto.   door.  •039 

Cars.   Mine.   Turntable  for.  *S 

C'arangas.    Bolivia,    copper   deposits.  *909 

Carbon  Coal  Co.  884 

Carbon-dioxide  criterion  for  ventilation.  899 
Carbon  monoxide  poisoning  from  explo- 
sion products.  1066 
Carbon  monoxide.  Preparation  of.  1191 
Carbonate  mine.  Utah.  384.  479,  690 
Card  index,  Library.  313 
Caribou  group.  Colo.  1077 
Carisa.  Utah.  139 
Carmichael  on  Hidden  Creek  mine.  1101 
Carnegie  Steel  Co.  508 
Carolina  Ore  Co.  1179 
Caroline  Gold  Mg.  Co.  880.  1078 
Carpenter,  Brennon  &  Ryan.  619 
Carpenter  fertilizer  patent.  441 
Carter.  T.  L.     Economi«  conditions.   Jop- 

lin   dlst.  ^759,   894 

— Gold    mining,    Nicaragua.  •I 204 

Cartwrlght  mine,   Ont.  4S0 

Casados  mine,   Mex.  188 

Casey.  R.  G..  Jr.  Australian  electro- 
lytic cop.  refinery.  •llll 
Castellafia  Consol.  '  932 
Catalogs.  Prices  in.  395 
Catps.  Louis  F.  133 
Cathedral  Peak  claims.  Wash.  1128 
Caucasian  manganese  Industry.  376 
Cave,  Mine,  problem.  Scranton.  32,  1215 
Cave  discovery.  Bright  Diamond,  Colo.  39() 
Caving  methods.  Cananea.  •914,  •963,  1193 
Cedar  Creek  mine,  Idaho.  137 
Cedar- Talisman,    Utah.         40,    187,    235.    626, 

736,   983,   1127 
Cedral  Laguela,    Mex.  532 

Celestlte   deposit.    Value    of.  542 

Cement    hearings    for   machinery.  1197 

Cement     filling    of    water-bearing    strata 

prior    to   shaft    sinking.  1294 

Cement — Increased   use;    production.  714 

Cement  plant   for  Mexico.  13 

Cement.  Portland,  cupels.  Experiments.  '560 
Cement,  Portland,  Mfrs.,  American.  1221 
Cement.   Portland.   Mfrs..  British.  796 

Cement,  Slag,  Colloseus  process  for.  '608 

Cementing  olT  water  from  oil  wells.  250 

Cemetery  removal.   Mich.  954 

Census.    Mining.    Trouble    with.  1101 

Centennial   mine.   Mich.  254.   1325 

Centennial   Eureka,   Utah,   chute,   etc.        594, 

706 
— Notes.  620,   881.    1031 

Center   Star  group,  B.   C.  1180 

Central   Eureka   mine,   Calif.     380,   733,   8.30. 
878,   1078,   1224 
Central  Iron  A  Coal  Co.  35 

Central   Kentucky   Phosphate  Co.  283 

Centrifugal    pumps.    Design   of.  •1216 

Cerro  de   Pasco.    Peru.  •223,   385 

— Colliery  explosion.  349 

Cerro  de"  Pasco.  Early  mining  and  sliver 

production.  4.59 

Chain.   Safe   load   for.  1091 

Chairs,   I,andlng,  for  cages.  *7 

Chairs.   Skip,   at  Argonaut  mine.  *60 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Chambeis-Ferland.  Ont.  41,  286,  738,  834 
Chami)ion    mine,    Mich.  2o4 

Channing,  J.  P.  Miami  construction.  *310 
— Pyrite     smelting     and     sulphuric-acid 

mfr.  'S.^S 

— Report  on  Ray  Central.  844 

Channing,    R.    H.,   Jr.  377,   1142,    1150 

Chapaia   HTdroelec.  &  Ir.   Co.  454 

Chaparral    Hill    mine.    Calif.  428 

Chapin  mine,  Mich.  999 

Charcoal    by-product    plant,    Heroult.  270 

Charcoal   furnaces.   Western;    merger.        110, 

248 
Charcoal   oven.   Simple,   in   Andes.  '252 

Charging.     See  "Furnace,"  "Kiln,"  etc. 
Chart,    Labor   and    tonnage.  '754 

Chase.  T.     Would  linc  smelteries  pay  In 

Mex.  ?  268 

Chattanooga  coal  consolidation.  1127,  1227 
Checking  men  in  and  out  of  mines.  '1196 
Cheever    Iron    Ore    Co.  •444,    •594,    ^639, 

•704,   •752,   ^1148 
"Chemical   Analysis   of   Rocks."  tl27 

Chemists'  and  Assayers'  Manual.  t570 

"Chemists'   Pocket   Manual."  t570 

Chemung  Cop.  Co.  735,  895 

Cherry   disaster. 

Cherryvale   Iron   Wks.'  machines. 
Chesapeake   &   Ohio    Ry. 
Chibogamou   country   exploration. 
Chicago  &  Alta  Extension. 
Chicago  Exploration  Co. 
Chief    Consol.,    Utah.         235,    478,    531 


4,   419 

•722 

533,    11,30 

732 

•354 

661 

577, 

736,    881,    1031,    1179 


Chihuahua,   Mining  operations  In.                654 

Chihuahua-Monclova    R.    R.  657 

Chihuahua,    New   railway   In.  265,    ^675 

Chihuahua.   Zinc   mining  in.  679 

Chile,  Coal  discovery.  1117 

Chile,   Mineral   production.  17 

Chile,  Niter  industry.  History,  review.       •IS 


-Position,   outlook. 


246,  1211,   1261 


Chile  niter  consumption,  Germany.  195 

Chile,   Silver  ore  from.  1191 

Chilean  mills,  Characteristics  of.  ^967 

China   clay.      See   "Clay." 
Chinese  coal.  987 

—For  U.   S.  873 

Chinese  Govt,  mine,  Canada.  1221 

Chinese  Iron  ore.   Imports  of.  135,  183 

Chino  Cop.  Co.       4,  235,  249,  625.  843,  929, 
1079,   1126,   1274 
Chism,  R.   E.     Monumenting  Mex.  claims. 

1290 
Chltlna  cop.  region.  Alaska.  'lOll 

Chltlna  cop.   belt.  Opening.  »1306 

Choctaw  Coal  &  Mg.  Co.  333 

Cholx   Consol.  787 

Chrlstensen,  A.  O.     Test  screens.  199 

— Standards  of  work.  541 

— Ventilation  by  suction.  ^704 

Chrlstensen,     N.     C.        Portland     cement 

cupels.  ^560 

Chrlstlanson,   Peter.  181 

Chromates  affect  the  nose.  720 

Chromlte,  Quebec.  155 

Chronology,   Mining.     55,  249,  442,   762,   895, 

1151 
Chrysoprase  mines,  Calif.  1147,  1323 

Chuck,    Improved,    for    piston    drills.  ^304 

ChurulmanI    mine.    Rolivia.  1053,    '1054 

Chute   gate,    Mammoth   mine,   Calif.  •107 

Chute  gate.   Steel  arc.  •SOS 

Chute.    Ore,   construction,   Goldfleld   Con- 
sol. ^307 
Chute.  Ore,  Gate  for.  •ei 
Chute.   Ore,   Steel,   for  use  In  bigh-grade 

slopes.  Centennlal-Eureka.  706 

Chute  pocket  and  gate,  Centennlal-Eu- 
reka. 594 
Chute.  Skip  loading.  Steel.  •1292 
Chutes,  Ore,  Zilblln  system.  ^902 
Chutes,  Wing,  at  Argonaut  mine.  ^59 
Clcero-Smith  Mg.  Co.  426 
Cleneguita  Cop.  Co.,  Sonora.  41,  55 
CInco  Minas,  Mex.  787 
Cinderella  Deep.  109 
Cinnabar.  See  "Quicksilver." 
Circuit  tester  for  blasters.  1195 
Cltv  of  Cobalt  Co.  882,  1180 
City  Deep  mill,  etc.  •26,  106,  764,  958, 
1058,  •1146,  1195 
Claims,    Mex.,    Monumenting.           667,    1027, 

•1194 
Clamer,  G.   H.      Cupro-nlckel  steel.  215 

Clamp    for    PItot    tubes.  •I  197 

Clancy  cyanide  patents.  New.  701 

Clancy   proresH.    ore   treatment.  1250 

Clnpn,   Frederick  G.  1173 

Clara   ConsnI..    Ariz.  428,   686 

Clark,   Knnald.  85 

Clark  and   Anflsell   furnace  charger.         ^204 
Clark   r.ros..  Coal    Mg.   Co.  .WO 

Clark.  W.   A.,  Statement  by.  230 

Clarke.  .1.  M..  Award  to.  597 

Classlfler.   Atkins.  '720 

Classifier.   TtoRton  Consol.  •Ons 

ClasBlfler  for  use  before  concentrators.     E. 

W.  niirfpo.  ^499 

ClasRlfler.    rine.  Rnnker  IIIll  &  Sul.  ^304 

ClaiiRtbal    works,    fiermany.  347 

Clay.  China,   deposit.   Value,  etc.  442.   542 

Clays.    Pottery.    MlRslsRlnpl.  271,    t360 

Cleaning  cieasc  from  glass  and  metals.  1242 
Cleburne  Mica  Co.  1124 


PAGE 

Clennell,   J.    H.      •'Cyanide  Handbook."      t277 
Cleveland-CliCfs  Iron  Co.       90,  110,  248,  336, 
•546,   832,   895,  954.   •1194,   •1294,   1323 
— Crusher  plant.  ^1096 

— Employees'  club  houses.  •1160 

Cleveland   mine.   Colo.        233,   335,   396,   1275 
Cliff   mine,  Alaska.  88,   1124 

Cliff  Mg.  Co.,  Alaska.  1.307 

Cliff  mine,  Utah.       188,  338,  578,  787,  1080 
Clift  mine,  Utah.  40,  236,  1179 

Clinton  Coal   Co.,   Ind.  •870,   1273 

Clonan   shaft,    Surface   equipment.  •les 

Close.    F.       Concentration    recovery.  894 

Closed  door  policy.  1240 

Club  houses  for  mine  employees. 
Clues   for   mining  geologist. 
Coahuila   Coal   Co.   explosion. 
Coal.       See   also    "Colliery,"    "Blasting," 
"Explosion,"       "Explosive,"       "Acci- 
dent,"   "Safety,"   "Rescue," 
proper  names,  etc. 
Coal,   Alaska — Bering    riv.   field. 
— Pres.   Taft  and  Balllnger. 
— Influence  of  Calif,  petroleum. 
— Ballinger    investigation   report. 
— Geol.  Survey  report. 
— Notes. 

Coal.   Alberta,   in   1909. 
Coal.    Anthracite,     Mine     Workers, 

nual   convention. 
Coal,      Anthracite,      Pacific      coast 

Baker  dist..  Wash.  ^920 

Coal,   Anthracite,   trust  decision.      1190,   1199 
Coal  areas.  Canadian  N.  W.  548 

Coal.  Arkansas  mining.  1219 

Coal,  Austria  Hungary — Public  mining.  1250 
Coal,  Bituminous,  industry — Immigra- 
tion Comm.  80,  468,  470,  568,  917 
Coal,  Brazil  deposits.  919 
Coal  brlquetting  in  U.  S.  614 
Coal.  Brit.  Col.,  production.  257 
— Discoveries.  737,  1170 
— Law  enforcement.  826 
Coal.  Calif.,  mining.  In  1909.  1317 
Coal,  Canada.  1273 
— Division  of  fields.  617 
— Operators  oppose  reciprocity.  1024 
— New  operation — Queen-  Charlotte.  1024 
Coal-car  shortage,  Ind.  934 
Coal,  Chattanooga,  consolidation.  1127,  1227 
Coal,  Chile,  discovery.  1117 
Coal,  Chinese.  987 
—For  U.  S.  873 
Coal — Colliery  notes.  84,  132,  180,  330,  470, 
524,  569,  873,  922,  975,  1024, 
1071,  1270 


•1160 
772 
826 


"Laws," 

•272 

495,   1151 

1238 

1265 

t369 

470,    685 

1083 

An- 

423 
— Mt. 


1270 

1071 

•1067 

•1294 

466 

178 

616 

1266 

327 


227 
1317 

434 
•869 
1024 

628 
93,  142 


Coal,  Colo. — Oak  creek  dIst. 

Coal  cutters — Use  In  U.  S. 

Coal-cutting    machinery.    Use    of. 

.Coal  dock.  Track  cover  on. 

Coal    dust — British   explosions. 

Coal-du.st  dangers — Inst,  of  Mg.  Eng. 

Coal   dust.    Exploslbillty   of. 

Coal  dust.   French  experiments  on. 

Coal-dust  sprays,   Ala.   mines. 

Coal   dust — Vital   facts — Use   of   calcium 

chloride.  130.    589 

Coal — "Entstehung  der  Stelnkohle,"  etc.  +570 
Coal,   Georgia,   mining.   In   1909.  1316 

Coal,   etc..   Govt,   purchases.  82,   132 

Coal.   Grand  Trunk   Pac.   line.  209,   619 

Coal   handling,   low  rooms.  Box  for.  ^753 

Coal.    Illinois,   fields. 
Coal,   Illinois,   production. 
Coal.  India. 

Coal.   Indiana,   Southern,   Mining. 
— Discovery   near    VIncennes. 
Coal.    Iowa. 
Coal.   Kentucky. 

Coal  land   withdrawals.      132,   179,   279,' 524 

955 
Coal   lands.  Balllnger's  report  on.  1151 

Coal   lift.   Simple   form.  •SOO 

Coal,  Mexico.  660,  667.  777.  822.  1217,  1317 
— Coal  and  Iron  explorations  Oaxaca.  ^668 
Coal.    Michigan    production.    1909.  423 

Coal  mine   accidents.   Fatal.   U.   S.  330 

Coal  mine.  Arrangement  of  partings.  ^824 
Coal  mine    disasters — List.  949 

Coalmine  fatalities.  Various  countries.  1315 
Coal  mine,  Hucknall.  Storage  batteries.  ^614 
Coal    mine — Surface-water    inrush.  ^973 

Coal    mine,    II.    S.    Govt.  1208 

Coal    mines.    Camplne   dIst..    Belgium.  132 

Coal   mines.   Car  distribution  to. 
Coal  mines,   Elec.  shocks   In. 
Coal    mines.    Refuge    chambers    In. 
Coal    mines.    Safety    chambers    In. 
Coal  mines  of  North  America,  Fatal  accl 

dents    In.  1313 

Coal    mines.    Safety    laws    propose*.  84 

Coal    mines.    Use   of   black    powder.  974 

Coal  miners,  Safeguarding.  Colo,  plans.  1218 
Coal  mining  and  metal  mining  methods.  346. 

954,   1043 
Coalmining   fatalities,   Belgium.  ^519 

Coal   mining  In  vertical   seam.  ^469 

Coal    Mg.    Inst,    of    Am.  -Summer    ses- 
sion. 227 
— Winter  meeting  plans.                               1173 
Coalmining     Investments,      Comparative 

merits.  32 


599 

725 

419 

32 


PAGE 

Coal  mining  labor  affairs,  strikes,   wages, 

etc.     42,  54,  93.  102,  128,  142,  143,  190, 

191,    238,    287,    209.    349.    397,    423. 

493,    524,    539,    550,    569,    580,    731, 

873,  933 

— Immigration  Comm.   Reports.  80,  468, 

470,  568,  917 
— Pittsburg  agreement.  179 

— Facts  concerning  fuel  situation.  •773 

Coalmining    machines — Vital    facts.  130 

Coalmining    methods,     Longwall,     Amer- 
ican :   English  compared.         ^1020,   1093 
Coal  mining.  Vital  facts  pertaining  to.       128. 

589 
Coal.    Mont.,    miners'    indemnities.  1223 

Coal.  Must  extract  all  or  pay  damages.  1170 
Coal,  Natal,  mine,  power  supply.  972 

Coal,   Nevada,   discovery.  1300 

Coal,  N.   Y.  Cy.,  consumption.  826 

Coal,    Out..    Metagaml.  732 

Coal — North  Dak.,  lignite  tests.  11.50 

Coal,    Ont.,   near   Chelmsford.  1123 

Coal,    Ore.,   mining   in   1909.  1316 

Coal,  Pac.  coast.  Navy  to  test.  180,  972 

Coal,    Penn.,    Inspector's   report.  569 

Coal,    Philippines    consumption.  276 

Coal,    Pittsburg   seam.    Systematic   devel- 
opment in.  ^521 
Coal.   Poughkeepsle  bridge.                              1230 
Coal    problems.    Alabama    operators    dis- 
cuss— Safety,     blasting,     explosives ; 
Mulga      mine     precautions :      safety 
lamps   abolished :    sprays   at    Banner 
mine :    electrification    of     Woodward 
mines  :   hydraulic  cartridges.  326 
Coal-rate  suits.                                            884,  986 
Coal   rates.  Contrast  in.                                  636 
Coal   rates.   Central   West.                            1329 
Coal    rates.    III.                                                   1182 
Coal   rates.   Southern.                              933,  1280 
Coal   rates.  Western.                                836,  1130 
Coal    resources,   Newfoundland.                     •Seo 
Coal,    Russia.    Statistical    results.  776 
Coal  seams.  Faulted,  Developing.                  33a 
Coal,   Spain,  industry,  output.                         975 
Coal,    Spitzbergen.    mining.                               614 
Coal.  Straits  Set.  imports.  '                            387 
Coal-strike  situation.                                           493 
Coal  tests  by  Canadian  experts,  Renort.     617 
Coal,   Texas   deposits.                                          329 
Coal,  Tex.,  situation.                                        777 
Coal  tipple.  Empire,  Modern  methods  in.  *370 
Coal,    To   prevent   mining   under   private 

property;   cave  problem,   etc.    •   1215.   32 
Coal-traflBc  notes   (whole  vear  statistics). 

142.    238,   533,    628,   933,    1230 
Coal-transfer  plant.   Hamburg.  1211 

Coal.    United    Kingdom — Explosives   used 

In  mines.  613 

— Statistics  compared  with  U.  S.  922 

— South   Wales   industry.  •  972  ' 

—Mining   statistics  ;    accidents.  1070 

— Working  of  8-hour  law.  1115 

— Obligations   of  working  miners.  1215 

— Fatal   mine  accidents.  1315 

Coal.  Utah,   fields.   Activity.  179 

Coal,  Vancouver  island.     '  231,  1023 

Coal,  Washed.   Duty  on.  481 

Coal.   Washington.  376,  ^920 

"Coal,   Weathering  of."  t277 

Coal  weights.   Notes  on.  975 

Coal,   West   Va.,   production.      470,   628,   775. 

1075,  1142 
— Notes  on  the  industry.  775 

— Shipments,  fiscal  year.  933 

— Relation   to  underlying  oil.  1075 

— Electricity  In  mines.  •28 

— Mining  coal,  northern  W.  Va.  •llig 

Coal,  Wyo. — Superior  Coal  Co.'s  plant.     ^224 
"Coallnga  DIst.,  Calif.,"  Report.  tl27 

Coalition  Crown.  Nev.  337 

Cobalt  Central,  Ont.  41,  ^444,  829,  882. 

1032 
Cohalt-chronlum   alloy.  616 

Cobalt  dist.  ore.  Assay  of.  809 

Cobalt   Hvdraulld  Co.  447,  621.  829.   1129 

Cobalt,   Hydrometallurglcal   operations.   •12.53 
Cobalt  Lake  mine.  Ont.  738,  1229 

Cobalt   mines   merger  prospects.  732 

Cobalt   ore  assays.  799,   578 

Cobalt  Power  Co.  621 

Cobalt,  Ont..   shipments,  half  vear.  183 

Cochise    county.    .'\riz..    production.  172 

Coeur   d'.Mene   mine.   Large   underground 

station    In   a.  •g 

Coeur  d'Alene  Mg.  Co.  233 

Coeur  d'Alene  mining  and  stoplug  meth- 
ods. •4,5'' 
Coeur  d'Alene  tailings  decision.  427 
Cogwheel  teeth.  Supplying.  ^1171 
Cohen,  E.  Tin  disease.  1302 
Coke,  Rrlt.  Col.  257 
Coke,  Connellsvllle.  central  agency.  1.329 
Coke,  Connellsvllle.  six  months.  179 
Coke,  Gas.  Quenching  and  conveying.  1117 
Coke  larrles.  Electrically  operated.  ^31 
Coke  making  from  non  coking  coal.  919 
Coke.  Mexican  industry.  *S6T 
Coke  oven  door.  I'eters.  •ISO 
Coke  oven     fumes.     Suction      device     for 

drawing  off.  •§25 

Coke  plant.   New,  Bethlehem.  276 

(  oke  smoke.    Extracting   oil   from.  975 

loking  tests.  Canadian  coal.  617 

Colby   Iron  Mg.  Co.  •306,  707 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Cold  Springs  M.  &  P.  Co.  1277 

(;ole.  David.  1221,  1319 

Cole,   I,.   A.,  Death  of.  525 

Cole,    Thomas    F.  575 

Colerainc.   Minn.,  washery.  •712 

Collar.  Cam  shaft.  'SOS 

Colliers   for  foreign  trade.  1328 

Colliery.     See  also  "Coal  mine."  etc. 
Colliery    electrical    Incident — Fire.  971 

Colliery  explosions.  Causes,  prevention.  1118 
Colliery  explosions.  Recent  British,  Re- 
flections on.  466 
Colliery-notes.  84,  132,  180,  330,  470,  524. 
.'ifiO,  873,  922,  975,  1024,  107),  1270 
Colliery  practice.  Repair  work  in.  '1171 
Colliery    work,     Earthed    and     insulated 

neutrals.  '270 

Colliery   working  shaft,  Aldcn,  Extension 

of:  '1168 

Collin's    suction    device    for    drawing    off 

coke-oven   fumes.  •825 

Collins,   E.   L.      Dnhealthful   practices   In 

metallurgy    of    lead.  113 

Collins,  Jos.  G.,  Death  of.  827 

Colloidal  gold.  1241 

Colloseus  process  for  slag  cement.  'eOS 

Colombia,     Alluvial     gold    deposits    and 

mining  in.  1098 

Colonial   Mines  Co.  237 

Colorado  camps.  Good   reports  from.  396 

Colo,   chap..   Am.   Mg.   Congress.         .3.")5.  249, 

345.   473 
Colo,  coal   miners.   Safeguarding.  1218 

Colo,   coal   strike  situation.        569,   731.    1270 
Colo,   coalfields,   R.   R.  into.  908 

Colo.   Fuel  &  Iron  Co.  report.  1118 

— Starkville  mine  explosion.     783.  895,  1170, 

1219 
Colo.   Geol.   Survey's   offer.  723 

Colo.,  Gold,  etc.,  Ouray  county.  981 

Colo.  Gold  Dredging  Co.  396 

—Report.  1249 

Colo.  Gold  M.  &  S.  Co.  335 

Colo.    Iron    Wks.    Co. — Agitator.  '206 

Colo  .   Mining  in.  Promotion  of.     37,  86,   345, 

844 
—  Study   of  failed   mines.  520 

— Will   it  be  restimulated?     1041,  1240,  1251 
— Status  of  mining  and  smelting.  1009.  1093, 

1143 
Colo.  School  of  Mines.  996,  1026,  1058 

Colo.,  Tungsten,  San  Juan  region.     •320,  996 
— Mining   in    Boulder  county.  1058 

Colo,  mine,  Utah.     478.  577,  984,  1031,  1127, 

1179,  1325 
Colquhoun,    A.   J.,   Death   of.  377 

Coltness  Iron   Co.  •608 

Columbia  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  286 

Columbia   Mg.   Co.  137 

Columbia   Steel  Co.  1222 

Columbus  Consoi.  40,   285,   384,   531,   578, 

1079.  1228,  127S.  1326 
Columbus    Extension.  531,    577,    626,    690, 

1079,  1180,  1228 
Columbus  &  Hocking  C.  &  I.  Co.  337,  736 
Commonwealth.   Utah.  187,   383 

Companla.     See  also  proper  names. 
Compania  Carbonlfera,  Mex.  •667 

Companla    Metalflrgica    Mexlcana.  678 

Company   reports.   Unsatisfactory.  1240 

Compressed  air.     See  "Air." 
ComstQck   consolidation   proposed.  625 

Comstock,    John.   Grave   of.  265 

Concentrates.    Cyanide    treatment,    with 

mill   tailings.  401,   •409 

Concentrates.  Wet,  Handling,  Cananea.       203 
Concentrating   mill.    Miami.  •Sll,    ^312 

Concentrating   molybdenite   ore.  248,    590, 

1091 
Concentration,    Calculating   recovery    in ; 

feeds.  301,    541,    846,    894 

Concentration,      Magnetic,      experimental 

plant.  Can.  908 

Concentration   of  Ont.   magnetites.  1312 

Concentration   practice.   Cobalt,  Ont.        ^1253 
Concentrator,   Eccleston.  1206 

Concentrator,    Mexican — Planllla.  ^353 

Concentrator   of  cop.   slimes,    Buddie   as. 

•1107,  1143 
Concentrators,  Classifier  for  use  before.  ^490 
Concrete,    Reinforced,    reservoirs.  •20.^ 

Concrete    tanks.    Impervious.  1196 

Condenser,    Garrison  Whipple.  •722 

Condenser.  Surface,   In  mine  plants.  ^124 

Conduit.    Pipe.    Concrete.  •1148 

Cone.    Diaphragm.    Caldecott.  847 

Cones,  "^allow.  Piping  for.  ^951 

.Congo,    Copper.  198,    1288 

Congress,    Mining.   In   Belgium.  209 

Conlagas  mine  and  mill.         627,   '1253,  1326 
Connellsvllle   coke.  179,    1329 

Conner,   Ell  T.  32,  779 

Conrey   Placer  Mg.  Co.  1277 

Conservation.      See  also  "Land." 
Conservation   congress.  St.   Paul.  405,   947 

Conservation    discussed.    Denver.  473 

Conservation  at   Mining  Congress.       710,  756 
Conservation,   Calif,   oil   men   and.  591 

Conservation,   Pres.  Taft  on.     494,  495.   947. 

1198 
Conservation   meeting.   Salt   Lake.  443 

Consolidated    Arl/.ona.  363,   1028,    1176 

Coneol.  Fuel  Co.,  Utah.  179 

Consoi.   Goldflelds   of  So.   Af.      314,   834,   925, 

12.59,    1300 


Consoi.    Mercur,   Utah.  "786 

Consoi.   Midway,  Calif.  591,   783,   ^807 

Consoi.    Mg.    &   Smg.    Co.    of   Can.      140,    31  r, 
286,   737,   882,    1180 
— Report.  895 

Consolidation   Coal.  Co.  933 

— Increases    capital.  982,    1023 

-- Mlddleton   mine  explosion.  ^?io 

Consular  reports.  199 

Consulting  Engineers,  Asso.  of.  278 

Contact   Co.,    Mich.  ,         »0 

Contact  metamorphic  ore  deposits,  Ex- 
ploration of.  513 
Continental  Zinc  Co.  *3fi9 
Controller  Bay  coalfield,  Alaska.  *272 
Conundrum  mine,  Colo.  •896,  1244 
Converter,  Basic  lined.  Foaming  in.  104 
Converter,    Copper,    Successive   stages   of 

flame  In.  1207 

Converter   lining,   2a  class    Butte   ore.  loi 

Converter  linings,  Siliclous  rock.  411 

Converters,    Basic-lined,    for    leady    cop. 

mattes.  263 

Converters,  Copper,  Treatment  of  over- 
blown charges  in.  ^n 
Converters,  Garfield  smeltery.  527 
Converters,  Mond  Nickel  Co.'s.  •364 
Converting  copper  matte.  Recent  prac- 
tice. 460 
— Foaming.  7o0 
Conveyer,  Steel  belt,  Sweden.  *455 
Conveyers,  Empire  Coal  Co.  tipple.  '370 
Conveyers  in  coal  mines.  •lOOO 
Cook,  Howard  H.  472 
Cooper,  John.  779,  875 
Cooper,  William.  619 
Cooperative  Smelting  Wks.,  Johannes- 
burg. 1006,  1160 
Copper,  African.  198,  1288 
Copper.  Alaska,  Chltina  region.  •lOll 
— Chitina  cop.  belt  opening.  •1300 
Copper,  Arizona.  303 
Copper  at  the  mid-year.  101 
Copper,  Average  price  of,  11  years.  151.  199 
Copper     blast-furnace     slags.      Role     of 

alumina  in.  1260 

Copper.    Bolivia,    Bedded     deposits,     Ca- 

rangas.  '909 

Copper,    Brit.    Col.  257,    258 

— Ikeda  bay  properties.  737 

Copper   bullion,    Costs   of.  463,   464 

Copper — Burning   reverberatory   ash.  1302 

Copper,   Canada — Royalties   remitted.        1321 
Copper  castings.    High   conductivity.  1154 

Copper,  Culle.  1'^ 

Copper      converter,      Basic-lined,       etc.. 

Foaming  in.  104.  750 

Copper    converter.    Successive    stages    of 

flame  in.  1207 

Copper  converters.  Treatment  of  over- 
blown charges  In.  1147 
Copper,  Cost  of  producing.  149 
— Tenn.  Cop.  Co.'s.  248 
Copper  curtailment — Smelters'  produc- 
tion. 1189 
Copper,  Daily  production  of.  443 
Copper — Decline  of  prospecting.  247 
Copper  determination.  Cananea.  647 
Copper,  Gold  segregation  In.  418 
"Copper  Handbook."  tl27 
Copper,  Hydrometallurgy  of.  960 
— Greenawalt  electrolytic  process.  ^1062 
Copper  in  babbitt  metal.  442 
Copper  in  slags.  Rapid  method  for  de- 
termining. 3 
Copper.  Katanga.  1288 
Copper      market,      situation,      prospects, 

curtailment,   statistics.  2,   101,  laS. 

212,  245.  299,  345,  346,  394,  450, 
539,  635.  747,  946,  1150,  1189 
— Question  of  accuracy.  993 

Copper  matte  converting.  Recent  prac- 
tice. 460,  750 
Copper  mattes,  Leady,  Basic-lined  con- 
verters for.  263 
Copper  metallurgy.  Novelties  In.  214 
Copper  metallurgy,  Tenn.  Cop.  Co.'s.  866 
Copper,  Mex.,  San  Antonio  dist.  •1301 
Copper,  Mich.,  production  :  cost.  254 
Copper    mining    and    smelting,    Aguasca- 

llentes.  678 

Copper    mining,    Metcalf   dist.,    Ariz.  '118 

Copper    Mtn.    Consoi..   Calif.  1222 

Copper,   New  Brunswick.  685,   829 

Copper,    None   In   Campeche.  653 

Copper   ores.    Blast-roasting.  318 

Copper  ores.   Disseminated,   Prospecting.   1055 
Copper    Producers'    Asso.       2,    539,    946,    993. 

1190 
Copper  production.  Statements  regarding.  4 
Copper  Queen,  Ariz.  363,  llCl 

— Settling  fine  dust  at  smeltery.  ^504 

— Mine  model  for  museum.  951 

CopT^er  Range  mines,  Mich.  254 

Copper,   Rapid  electrolytic  determination 

of.  ^51 7 

Copper  Ueef  Consoi.  Mg.  Co.  1274 

Copper    reflnlng,    Electrolytic,    Australia. 

•717,  769,  •1111 
Copper   resources,   Newfoundland.  •SOO 

Conner  Riv.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  ^77 

—Notes.        209,   ^273,   622,   685,   1011,   ^1306 
Copper,   Russia,  production.  1019 

Copper  sampling.     See  also  "Sampling." 
Copper  sampling  by  granulation.  1145 


Copper     sampling. — Short     formula     for 

samples  containing  metalllcs.  544 

— Magnetic   particles.  i52 

— Top  and  bottom  drilling.  897 

—  Influence  of  number  of  templet  holes.   'OoS 
— Moisture   in   bullion.  1095 

Copper    slimes,    Buddie    as    concentrator 

of.  ^1107,   1143 

Copper  smeltery  gases.     See  also  "Smeltery." 
Copper-smeltery    gases,    Plue     dust     and 

fume   In.  _        111 

Copppi-smeltlng  cost  comparison.        ii88,   o8U 
Copper  smelting,  Mond  Nickel  Co.  •364 

Copper  smelting,    Nlshni   Tagll.  610,   846 

Copper  smelting  with  charcoal.  114o 

Copper,  Teziutlan,  Co.,  smeltery.  'lOR 

Copper,    Thiocyanlte    determination.  969 

Copper,  Transbaikal.  414 

Copper,   Transvaal    mining.  954 

Copper,   Utah,   Uinta  co.  strike.  384 

Copper,  Utah,  Henry  mtns.  881 

Copper — value     of     geological     work     in 

limestone  regions.  1161 

Copper — Virgil  ina    dist.    survey.  1227 

Copperhlll,  Metallurgy  at.  866 

Coppers,  The  porphyry.       5,  103,  316,  1090 

1161 
— More   financing.  843 

Copperton   mill,   Utah,  closed.  442 

Corbin  Cop.  Co.  39,  90,  1078,   1178 

Corbin  Metal  Mg.  Co.  382,  430,  880 

Cordon   de  Cobre,   Mex.  1279 

Cornell  mine,   B.   C.  1326 

Coroner's     jury     suggests     new     mining 

rules.  ^'^iJ 

Corporation   Bureau  ;   Tariff  Board.  1101 

Corporation  laws,  Ariz,  and  Calif.     876,  1320 
"Corrosion  and  Preservation  of  Iron  and 

Steel."  t369 

Cost  data  from  Guanajuato.  '~i 

Cost  of  metallurgical  works.  1* 

Cost  of  producing  copper.  149,  248 

Costs  and  standards  of  work.     302,  441,  541, 

588,  589 
Costs— Calif,   dredges.  'jes 

Costs — Capitalizing  small  mines.  771 

Costs,  Coalmining,   Southern  Ind.  '869 

Costs,   Mining,   Reducing,   and   increasing 

profits   at   Cripple  Creek.  1251,   1240 

Costs,  Operating,  Question  of.  588 

Costs.    Smelting,    Comparison    of.  589 

Costs,   Working,   Transvaal.  251,   356,   818 

Costa  Rica — Montezuma   Mines.  •715 

Cougar  property.  Ore.  1126 

Coulson,   R.   H.     Mine  accidents.  1043 

Coulson.  W.  L.  133 

Counterbalance   for  skips.  ^1194 

Courtis,   William  M.  512 

Cowan,  Geo.,  Death  of.  875 

Cowper  Coles,   S.  O.     Cop.  metallurgy.       960 
Coxe.  E.  H.     Safety  in  coal  mines.  326 

Crandall,   Chas.    E.  33,   35 

Crane,  W.  R.     "Ore  Mining  Methods."     t277 
Crane     for    loading    material     on     mine 

cages.  •352 

Cranes  for  timber  and  skips.  998 

Creede  mines  suit  decided.  134 

Cremorue  mine,   Calif.  623 

Creosote  as   timber   preservative.  1295 

Cripple   Creek    cost    reduction    (See   also 

"Colo.")  1251,  1240 

Cripple  Creek.   Colo.,  Roosevelt  tunnel.       34, 
351.   473,   1074,   1104.   1174.  1222,  1323 
Cripple  Creek,  Homestake.  429 

Cripple  Creek,  taxes.  876,  924,  1222 

Cripple  Creek  dist.,  Ont.  280,  379,  1273 

Crittenden  Home  Asso.  231 

Crofton.  C.  A.     Cage  gate.  *61 

Cross  hairs.   Illumination   of.  399 

Cross   hatching.    Simple  device   for.  ^1048 

Crosse   cyanide   methods   discussed.    ^358.   948 
Crosshea'd   for  sinking  buckets.  ^154 

Croton    acqueduct   dynamite   explosion.       561 
Crows    Nest    Pass   Coal    Co.  1170 

Crown   mines,   Transvaal.  T97,   894 

Crown  Oil  &  Gas  Co.,  Ltd.  532 

Crown   Point  Co.,   Utah.  188,  478,   577 

Crown  Reserve.  Ont.     92,  140,  237,  286,  532, 
627.   690.   799,   829,   834.   882,   1175 
— To  ship  ore  to  Germany.  66 

— Simple  sampling  device.  •1146 

— Metallurgical    practice.  12.54 

Crusher   plant,   Cleveland-Cliffs.  ^1096 

Crushers,  Gyratory  and  jaw.  Compari- 
son. •509 
Cruz  del  Aire  mine,  Mex.  527 
Cuba.  Mining  legislation  In.  817 
Cullacan  Devel.  Co.  432 
Culm  flushing,  anthracite  mines.  1117 
Culver-Baer  mine.  Calif.  623 
Cumberland-Ely,  Nev.  478,  578.  762,  903 
Cumberland  mine,  Mont.  477 
Cumberland  Mg.  Co.,  Ky.  38 
Cumberland  Ry.  &  Coal  Co.  1279 
Cunningham  claims,  Alaska.  209.  •273,  274, 
498,  1238,  1265 
Cuntz.  William  C.  779- 
Cupels,  Portland  cement.  Experiments.  •560 
Cupels.  4S.  Device  for  handling.  •706 
Cupro  nickel  steel.  215 
Curie,  Madame.  229,  600 
Curran.  Nell  McL.  278 
Curtis.  J.  N.  442 
Curves.  Vertical,  In  shafts.            'lOOO,  109S 


INDEX 


PAGE 

C'usliman.    A.    S.       "Corrosion    and    Pres- 
ervation of  Iron  and  Steel.''  t360 
Cusiliiiiriachic   silver  camp.   Mex.  654 
Cuyuna  range,   Minn.                              1214,   280 
Cyanide  developments.  Rand.     ♦•549,  797,  894 
"Cyanide    Handboolt."                                       t277 
Cyanide     mill,     Angnstias.      Reconstruc- 
tion.                                                           »321 
Cyanide   patents.    Clancy,^  New.          701,    1250 
Cyanide     plant     design.      Variables     in- 
fluencing. 8 
"Cyanide   Plant.    Practical    Data."               t570 
Cyanide  plants  on  Rand.                                 "llS 
Cyanide  poisoning — Transvaal   report.      1047, 

1092,  1193 
Cyanide.  Potassium  and  sodium,  commer- 
cial and  spurious.  4,  200 
Cyanide  practice.  Molybdenite  in.  1145 
"Cyanide  Practice,  More  Recent."  t976 
Cyanide  practice.  Present  tendencies.  855 
Cvanide  process.  Proposed  simplitication.  948 
Cyanide  sand  filling.  59.  204,  307,  805,  1058 
— Health  aspect ;  poisoning.  398,  751,  951 
Cyanide  solutions,  Aeration  of.  •1292 
Cyanide  solutions.  Protective  alkalinity  In.  3 
Cvaniding — Ayton's  separator.  515 
Cyaniding,  Cobalt.  Ont.  •1253 
Cyaniding — Continuous   agitation   in    Pa- 

chuca  tanks.  •213,  •307 

Cyaniding.   Montezuma  Mines.  ^715 

Cyaniding.    North    Star    Mines.  '409 

— Treatment    of    concentrates    with    mill 

tailings.  401 

Cyaniding,   Silver,  San  Rafael  mill.  '67 

Cvaniding.  Simmer  &  Jack.  ^1245 

Cyaniding— Slime   filters.  •258,    ^607 

Cyaniding — Slime    treatment,    Santa   Na- 
talia  mill.  "SoS 
Cyaniding — Zinc-box    slimes    filter.               •899 
Cyaniding — Zinc-dust    feeder.               •447,    894 

D 

Dalv  mine.   Ttah.        332,  684,   685,  984,   1032 
Daly  Judge,    Utah.        92.   188,    531,    577,   690. 
1080,  1175,  1223,  1228 
— Classifier  for  fine  material.  •SOO 

Daly-Judge  and   Daly-West  drainage.  303, 

285,    474 

Daly  West.   Utah.      236,    332,   479,   531,    627, 

684,    685,    690,    786,    881.    930,    984, 

1032.  1080,  1223 

Dams,   Tailing,  and  conservation   of  mill 

water.  •266 

Dana.   Wm.    B.,   Death   of.  827 

Daniells,    John.  249 

Dante  mine.   Colo.  783 

Darien  Gold  Mg.  Co.  226 

Darran  colliery  explosion.  82,  466 

Dart,  A.  C.  331 

Date.  Recovering,  by  surveyor's  transit.     638 
Davidson.   J.  F.  87 

Davis,  Charles  K.  1173 

Davis.  Chas.  R.,  Death  of.  425 

Davis   Coal  &  Coke  Co.      ^28.  338.   975.   1128 
Davis  Coal  Co.,  Mont.  922 

DavisDalv,   Mont.  138,   249,   833,   928 

— Report.  895 

Davis,  H.  C,  Death  of.  1271 

Davis,  J.  P.,  on  shaft  plumbing  dis- 
cussed. 3,  153 
Davys,  M.  S.  619 
Dawson  Mg.  Co.,  Mex.  66 
Day,  David  T.  65 
De  Bardeleben.  Chas.  F.  1319 
De  Bardeleben,  H.  F.,  Death  of.     1173,  1190, 

1200 
De  Beers  Consol.  153,  503,  819,  1198 

De  Kalb,  Courtenay.  229 

De  Lamar  Leasing  Co.  182 

Dean.    G.    W.      Tin   mining   and   milling, 

Bolivian    Andes.  ^1053,    1093 

Debris  questions.     See  "Dredge." 
Deep  mining.  Guanaiuato  dist.  •ISIO 

Deerlng  plant.  Am.  Z.,  L.  &  S.  Co.  •.502 

Degrees,  Kngineering.  54 

DefderMarch   Co.  276 

Deister  mines — Coal   handling.  ^753 

Del  Mar,  A.     Simple  auto,  sampler.  '60 

— Cementing  olT  water  from  oil  wells.        250 
Del  Rio  mine,  Idaho.  283 

Delagua.   Colo.,   mine  explosion.        1071,   1151 
Delaware,   Lack.   &   West.  626,   1199 

DemldofT,    P.    P.,    estate.  610,    846 

Democrata    mine,    Mex.  ^402.    1327 

Denn-Arlzona.  334,  363.   830 

Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce,   etc.      37,   86, 
34.5,    528,    844,    1009.    1041.    1093. 
1143,    1240,    1251 
Derlng  Coal  Co.  •871 

Dern,   ,Tohn.  757 

Derrick    fall    block.    Preventing   twisting 

and  slinging  of.  •640 

Derrlman,   Walter  H.  33 

Deaborough,  Captain.  278 

Detonators.  Strong,  Necessity  for.  498 

Detroit  Cop.  Mg.  Co.  136.  318,  363,  1161 

Detroit  salt  mine.  Pump  In.  1245 

Development  Co.  of  Am.  442,  475,  686 

Devercaux,  W.  B.,  Jr.    Mining  and  smelt- 
ing.  Achotia  mine.  •eSS 
Dewaterlng  device   tor  Jigs.  ^399 
Dexter  Consol.   Mines  Co.  527 
Diamond      companies.      De      Beers      and 

Premier.  Data  on.  503.   1198 


•       rAOH 

Diamond   Graphite     Co.  813 

Diamond  mine.  Voorspoed.  '724 

Diamond   Syndicate.   The.  153 

Diamonds,    Orange    river   colony.  314 

Diamonds,   etc.,   U.    S.   imports.  808 

Diamondfield-Black    Butte.  333 

Diaphragm  cone.   Caldecott.  847 

Diemer.   H.      "Factory  Organization."        t976 
DIetz.    J.    H.       Starting   ventilating    fan 

automatically.        "  1244 

Dietz  &  Keedy.  Concentration  recovery.  846 
Dillingham,  Sen. — Coal-mining  labor,  etc.  80. 
468,  470,  068,  917,  1305 
Dilworth.  J.  B.  Calculating  interest.  81? 
Dinero,   Colo.  927 

Distributor.     Barrel,     for     concentrating 

tables.  ^754 

Divers  repair  pumps.  1174,   1320 

Dives-Pelican.  Colo.  476,  780,  783,  1225 

Dividends   by    months.  55,    249,   442,    762, 

895.    1151 
Dividends.    Oil,    Calif.       153,    303,    550,    750, 

807,  996,   1248 
Division,    Simple   proof   for.  801 

Dixie  Meadows  mine.  Ore.  1031 

Doctor-Jackpot.    Colo.       335,    381,    476,    529. 

831,   1125 
Dolbear,  S.  II.     Standards  of  work.     441,  541, 

588     589 
— Tungsten,    Rand   dist.,   Calif.  '    904 

Dolcoath  mine.  Operations,  policy.     721,  877, 

947 
Dolores    Co.,    Mex.       55,    249,    480,    655,    690, 

•950,   1279 
Dome   mines,   Ont.      57.   221.   •348,   385,   578, 
685,  1033,  1326,   •1207 
Dominican    Republic   mining  law.  1013 

Domingo  mine.   Idaho.  1276 

Dominion  Goldflelds  of  Can.      141,   787,   1181 
Dominion   Iron  &  Coal  Co.  362 

Dominion   Iron   &  Steel  Co.  617 

Dominion  mine,  Ont.  92 

Dominion   Reduction    Co.  237 

Dominion   Steel    Corp.,   Ltd.  41,   876,   985. 

1180,  1279 
Domnarfvet  electric  iron  smelting.  271,  255 
Don  Carlos 'mine.   Mex.  66 

Donohoe,    D.       Opening    of    Chitina    cop. 

belt.  Alaska.  ^1306 

Door.    Automatic.   Tram  car.  *639 

Dor-Delattre's   zinc-retort  charger.  *73 

Doubledee  plunger.  ^593 

Douglas.  Walter.  683 

Douglas   island.   Alaska.  553 

Dowling.   D.   B.  549,   829 

Dowling,  W.   R.,  Death  of.  525 

Drafting  conveniences — Cutting  board.       800 
Dragon   Iron,   Okla.  383 

Draining.        See      "Water,"      "Pumping," 

"Tunnel,"   proper  names,   etc. 
Draper,  F.  W.    Smelting  at  Nlshni  Tagil.  610. 

846 
Draper,  Marshall  D.  619 

Draper.  R.  W.  229 

Drawing  board  and  T-square,  Geologist's. 

•1294 
Drawing  pen.  Sharpening.  999 

Dredge  buckets,   Worn   pins   for.  61 

Dredge   cable   grip.    Simple.  •351 

Dredge  for  Transvaal.  189 

Dredge.  Hydraulic  monitors  on.  401 

Dredge.  Increasing  life  of,  Natomas.         ^202 
Dredge  mining.  Calif. — Debris  and  other 

notes.  86,  134,  1026 

Dredge  stacker  belts.  Indicator  for.  ^306 

Dredge,   Steel,   Bucvrus,  for  India.  706 

Dredge,    Steel-hull,   for   Colombia.  768 

Dredge,   Suction,   Increasing  capacity.         396 
Dredges.    Calif.,    Notes    on,    with    plate, 

data  tables,  etc.  *765 

Dredges,   Canadian  Klondike.  1229,   1327 

Dredges,   Fair  leads   on.  ^251 

Dredges,   Gold,    Seward  peninsula.  ^507 

Dredges,    Miles   tailings   stacker  for.  ^594 

Dredges,  Orovllle.  Injunctions  against.  303 
Dredges,  Revolving  screens  on — Driv- 
ing. •I  OS 
— Multiple  nozzle.  •154 
Dredges,  Shock  arrester  on.  ^447 
Dredging.  Alaska.  ^412 
Dredging  and  hydraulic  mining.  'Victoria.  516 
Dredging  conditions  and  dredges,  Sew- 
ard peninsula.  •859 
Dredging.  Gold,  conditions.  Fr.  Guiana.  ^562 
"Dredging,  Gold,  In  Calif."  tll20 
Dredging.  Gold,  Colo.  396,  1249 
Dredging.  Gold,  companies.  List  of.  1241 
Dredging.  Siberia — Orsk  Goldflelds.  1202 
Drexler,  Mrs.  E.  A.  1026 
Drifting.  Fast.  Kennedy  mine.  61 
Drill,  Air,  with  moll  bit.  •1049 
Drill,  Churn,  equipment  list.  998 
Drill,  Churn,  operations.  Sllverbell,  Ariz.  ^850 
Drill,  Core,  Terry.  507 
Drill.  Diamond,  holes,  Controlling  cur- 
vature of.  •546 
Drill,  Diamond,  reports,  Butte.  •1147 
Drill-heating  furnaces.  Underground.  357 
Drill  hole,  Ventilation  through.  ^6 
Drill.  Rolman.  112,  1298 
Drill,  Rock,  A  mammoth.  404 
Drill.  Rock.  History  of.  12 
Drill  sharpening  device.  Handy.  ^1242 
Drill  sharpening  underground,  Trans- 
vaal,                                                                fign 


I'AGE 

Drill,   Slope,  competition.   Rand.  112,   999 

— Tests  at  Robinson   Deep.  307,   723 

Drill,  Stoping,  dust,  Effect  on  health.  948 
Drills,    Churn,    Prospecting,    Miami.  ^804 

Drills.    Piston,    Improved   chuck   for.  ^304 

Drilling    contest,    Ozark    Exposition.  847 

Drilling,   Diamond,   N.   S.   W.  849 

Drilling,    Fast,    Goldfleld   Consol.  1246 

Drilling,  Machine,  Importance  of  air  cost 

in.  6 

Drilling,    Prospect,    underground,    Joplin 

dist.  157 

Dniiing    record.    Primrose    mine,    Trans- 
,     ...y*"'-         ,  1198 

Drilling    results.    South    Lake    mine.  503 

Drinnan,    R.    G.  (519 

Driving.    Fast,    Goldfield   Consol.  1246 

Drop  shaft,  Arrangement  for  guiding.  ^498 
Drop-shaft    method    of   sinking.  ^918 

Dry    Creek   dredge,    Alaska.  •864 

Dry-pulverizing    machine,    Quenner.  ^652 

Du   Pont   circuit   tester.  119.5 

Du  Pont  de  Nemours  Powder  Co.  445,  499 
Du    Puy.    Herbert.  85 

Du  Souiche  du  Levant  mine.  •565 

Duck.   Geo.   F.  33 

Duflield.    M.    S. — Phosphate   lands.  852 

Dufourcq,  E.  L.  Minas  Pedrazzinl.  ^1105 
Dump.    Bucket.    Automatic.  ^106 

Dump   car.    Side.  •1197 

Dump,    Safety,   for   sinking   bucket.  ^204 

Dumps,    Car,    Automatic.  ^204,    ^1295 

Dumps,   Skip,  N.  Y.   iron   mines.  '1148 

Duncan,   L.      Burning  reverberatory  ash, 

Steptoe   plant.  1302 

Dunlap,  James  A..  Death  of.  1121 

Dunn.     B.    W.        Explosives     transporta- 

tion.  1192 

Dunsmuir  coal    mints,   B.   C.  135 

Duplex  M.  &  M.   Co..  Nev.  558,  983 

Durango-Canadian   Tin   Co.  532 

Durant.   H.   T.      Vacuum   receiver  for  so- 
lutions. •592 
Durfee,    E.   W.      Classifier  for   use   before 

concentrators.  ^499 

Durham   Coal   &  Coke   Co.  1227 

Durham  Coal   &  Iron  Co.  1127 

Durham   Collieries,   Ltd.  531 

Diisseldorf,    International    Congress.  162 

Dust.      See  also  "Coal."   "Flue,"   "Drill." 
Dust,    Mill,    Prevention    of.  1093 

Dutch  E.  India. — Redjang  Lfcbong  mine.  76 
Dwight-Lloyd  blast-roasting  machines.  ^319 
Dwight.  Theodore.  1319 

Dynamite  within   boys"   reach.  893 


Eagle  &  Blue  Bell,  Utah,     531,  626,  736,  834, 

1079 
Eagle  claim.  Yuba  co..  Calif.  335 

Eakin,   H.   M.  33 

Earthed  and   Insulated  neutrals,   colliery 

work.  ■  •275 

Earthquake  of  1872.  Owens  Val.  t570 

Earthquakes   and   mine  accidents.  656 

East  Butte.  Mont.  982.  1126 

East   Can.    Smg.   Co.,   Ltd.  •1066 

East   Rand   Prop.  954 

Eastern  Ky.   Coal   Lands  Corp.  982 

Eastern  Oregon  Mg.  Congress.  730 

Eastman   Kodak  Co.  1239 

Eaton.  D.  W.  917 

Eaton's,  L.  T.,  level-rod  attachment.  •202 
Eccles,   S.   W.  1073,  1221 

Eccleston  concentrator.  '  1206 

Eckstein,    Frederick.  12''1 

Eclipse  Mg.   Co.,  Ky.  90 

"Economic  Geology."  t976 

Eductors,  Mine.  •SOS 

Eggebrecht,  R.  E.  1173 

Egyptian   mining  companies.  925 

Eight-hour  law.  Gt.   Briti  111.5 

El  Chico  dist.,   Hidalgo.  Mex.  642,  1327 

F,l   Globo   mine,    Mex.  66 

El  Oro.  Mex.  Mines  of.  ^641.  968,  1287 

El  Oro  Mg.  &  Ry.  Co.  report.  471,  497,  822 
— ^Tube-mlll    power.  1243 

— Relations  with  Mexico  mine.  1287 

El  Oro  mine,  Calif.  526 

El    Paso    Consol.         86.    134,    233,    335,    572, 
575,    623,    981,    1026,    1077,    1122. 
„,    ,  1151,  1174,   1225,  1275 

El    Paso-Gold   King.  476    5'>9 

El   Paso  Tin  Mg.   &  Smg.  Co.  47S 

El  Paso.  Tex.,  Mineral  exhibit.  255 

El    Rayo,   Mex.  55,   249,   655,  690,   1279 

El   Tajo  mill,    Slnaloa,    Mex.  404 

El    Temblor   mine.    Mex.  66    432 

El  Tigre  :   Lucky  Tiger.  932,   1229 

El  Valle  Mines  Co.  i68 

Electric   blasting  circuit  tester.  1195 

Electric   cables.   Insulation   of.  1147 

Electric    circuits.    Pipes   as    part    of.  1046 

Electric  companies.  Condemnations  by.  22 
Electric  Induction  motor.  Performance.  123 
Electric   furnace,   Laboratory.  •ISA 

Electric   furnace.   Wile.  357 

Electric      Furnaces,      Construction,      Ad- 
vances. t978 
Electric    furnace    patents.    Heroult.  TlOl 
Electric   fuse.   Priming  with.  156 
Electric    haulage    line    insulators.    West- 
ern   Elec.    Co.'s.                                             *Sn3 


INDEX 


Electric   hoisting   engines.  109(i 

Electric    hoisting    in    mining.  •1014 

Electric      iron-ore      smelting,       Heroult, 

Calif.  '269.   255,   379 

Electric   lighting   in   mines.  .1293,   1242 

Electric   locomotive,   Baldwin.  *1154 

Electric   locomotive   repair   pit.  •TO.'j 

Electric   locomotives,   heavy   grades.  '05 

Electric   manufactories.   New.  84.'; 

Electric  neutrals.  Earthed  and  insu- 
lated. '275 
Electric  plant,  Ilucknall  collieries.  '614 
"Electric  Tower  Plant  Engineering."  t570 
Electric  rcheater.  'SOS 
Electric  shoclis  in  coal  mines.  725 
Electric  shot  firing.  60,  84,  131,  32G,  603 
Electric  steel  furnaces — Statistics.  151 
Electrical  mineral  indicators.  847 
Electrical      worl<.      Colliery,      incident — 

Cable  sets  fire.  971 

Electricity  for  Mex.  mines.  454 

Electricity   for   Rand   mines.  764 

Electricity  in  West  Va.  mines.  *28 

Electrification    of    mines.    Woodward.  329 

Electro-cyanide    process.  1243 

Electrodes,   Iron-smelting,  etc.  *270 

Electrolytic  cop.  determination,   Rapid.      '517 
Electrolytic    processes — Outlooli    for    hy- 

drometaiiurgy    of   cop.  960 

— Greenawalt    processes.  '1062 

Electrolytic  cop.  refining,  Australia.         •717, 

769,  •1111 
^Electrolytic  refining,  bullion,  U.  S.  mints.  214 
Electrostatic  separation  of  minerals.  •IS 

Elisa  mine,  Mex.  •402,  964 

Eikforls   Coal   &   Mg.   Co.  1125 

Elkton   Consol.  86 

Ellwood.   Isaac   L.,   Death   of.  571 

Elm   Orlu,   Mont.  38,   689,   928 

Elm   River  Co.,  Mich.  90 

Elsing,  M.  J.     Mitchell  slicing  system.     ^174, 

1291 
— Handling  wet  concentrates.  203 

— Mining   methods,   Cananea.  •914.    •963. 

1193 
Elwes,  H.  G.     Prices  in  catalogs.  395 

— Points  about  Mex.  labor.  662 

Elwood,    Abel.  85 

Ely  Centennial,  Nev.  235,  383 

Ely  Central  promoters  raided.  699,  709 

Elysee   placer,    French    Guiana.  563 

Emerald  Co.,   Utah.  786 

Emmons.    S.    F.      Ore   deposits,   Cananea 

mining  dist.  ^402 

— Calamine  at  Leadville.  954 

Empire,  Kan. ;   Empire,  Mo.  734 

Empire  C.   &  C.   Co.   tipple.  •370 

Empire  Tungsten,   Wash.  737 

Employer's   liability    law,   Calif.  572 

Employment,   Seeking.  798 

Engines,    Auto.,   for    wagon   freighting.        798 
Engines,   Colliery,   repair.  *1171 

Engineers.   Hoisting — Proposed   law.  603 

Engineering  degrees.  54 

"Engineering  Index  Annual."  t77S 

England.      See   "United   Kingdom." 
Enos,   Herbert  C.  1025 

Enterprise  mine,   B.   C.  882 

Entombed   miners  found   alive.  826 

Enzian,   Charles.  923 

Erasing    from    tracings.  952 

Erie  Consol.,   Calif.  36,   281,   475,   687 

Erikson,    Rudolph.  278,   425 

Esperanza  Consol.   Oil  Co.  378 

Esperanza   mine,  Cananea  dist.  *404 

Esperanza    mine.    El    Oro.  656 

— Continuous    agitation    system.      •213,    ^307 
Esperon,   J.   F.  730 

Esther  creek,  Alaska.  830 

Estimating  ore  developed.  103 

Ethics,  Mining,  on  Rand.  818 

Ethics,    Professional,    Matter    of.  1287 

Etta  mines,  S.  D.  457 

Evans,  T.  331 

Evans,  W.  F.  779 

Evening  Star  mine,  Calif.  1174 

Ewing.   A.   v..   Death   of.  331 

Excavator,   Giant.   New   type.  •564 

Excavator,    Scraper    bucltet,    placer    min- 
ing. ^315 
Excelsior  Mg.  Co.  ^761 
Exploder  for  gas  in  tunnels.  ^544 
Exploration  Co.      Eng.  &  Mex.     41,   141,  385, 

532,  835,  1033 
Exploration  of  oil  lands.  1252 

Explosibillty  of  coal  dust.  616 

Explosion.      See  also   "Coal  dust,"   "Res- 
cue," proper  names,  etc. 
Explosion,   Coal  mine.    Alberta.        1289,   1317 
Explosion,    Mine,    in    Virginia.  1300 

Explosion,   Mine,    In   W.    Va.  1317 

Explosions,  Coal  dust — French  experi- 
ments. 12C6 
Explosions,  Colliery,  Causes,  preven- 
tion. 1118 
Explosions,  etc..  Colliery — List.  949 
Explosions  and  barometer.  *56S,  540,  126C 
Explosions,  Colliery — Vital  facta.  130,  589 
Explosions,    Recent   British    colliery.    Re 

flections  on.  466 

Explosions — Winter  warning,  Ala.  1024 

Explosive — Use   of   black   powder.  974 

Explosives — Accident  committee   report.     fiOl 
Explosives  and  Bureau  of  Mines.  164 


I'AGK 

Explosives,     Carbon-monoxide     poisoning 

from   products   of.  .  1060 

Explosives,    Frozen,    etc..    Danger.  1044 

Explosives — Holes  in  powder.  114.") 

Explosives   in   Brit,   coal   mines.  613 

Explosives,   Safe  transportation   of.  1192 

Explosives    storage    underground.  707 

Explosives  testing  station.   Can.         308,   781 
Express   Oil  Co.  1122 


Fackenthal,    B.    F.,   Jr.  "30 

"Factory  Organization  and  Administra- 
tion." +97G 
Fair  leads  on  dredges.  ^251 
Fairbairn,  Charles  T.  1271 
Fairbanks  dist.,  Alaska,  deposits.  552 
Faiding,     F.     J.        Pyrite    smelting    and 

sulphuric-acid  mfr.  ♦555 

Fall   block.   Derrick,   Preventing  twisting 

and  slinging  of.  •640 

Falls,   H.  J.  133 

Famatlna   Development    Co.  1097,    1144 

Family    circle.    The.  1093 

Fan,      Ventilating,      Starting     automati- 
cally. •Sge.  1244 
Fatal.       See    also     "Accident, '     "Explo- 
sion," proper  names,  etc. 
Fatalities,    Coal-mining,    Belgium.  •SIO 
Faulkner,   W.  H.     Cross-hatching  iJevice. 

•1048 
Fault  problems.  Solution  of.  772 

Fay.   Albert  H.  1271 

Fayette.  Ala.,  Gas,  petroleum.  65,  475 

Fear,  Thomas  G.  1271 

Federal   Lead   Co.  ^220 

Federal  Mg.  &  Milling  Co.  37 

Federal  Mg.  &  Smg.  Co.       ^6,  38,   137.   •154. 
427,  452,  454,  831,   1177,  1276 
—Stock    situation  :    statistics.  892 

Feeds,    etc.,    Concentrating-table.       301.    541. 

846.  894 
Feeder,  Ore,  Traveling-belt.  '951 

Feeders,  Mechanical,  Bunker  Hill  &  Sul- 
livan. •SSO 
Feldspar  as  a  fertilizer.  441 
Fernic  iron  works,  Germany.  •SI  6 
Ferrall,  A.  Western  charcoal  furnaces.  248 
Ferro  and  Spiegel,  Tariff  decision.  159 
Ferro-molybdenum.  Thermit  process.  264 
Ferro-tungsten  manufacture.  959 
Ferrobamba  Co.,  Peru.  1033 
Fertilizer,  Feldspar  as  a.  441 
Fichtel,    C.    L.    C.       Cal.    &    Hec.    sand 

wheels.  ^218.   772 

Fidelity  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  1329 

Fielding  on  pyrite  smelting.  1097,  1144 

Fies,  M.  H.  _  525 

— Mulga  mine  precautions.  326 

Filling,  Sand,  Transvaal.     59,  204,  307,  398. 
751,  805,  951,  lOoS 
— West  Australia.  951 

Filter,    Continuous,    Oliver.  •411,    401 

Filter,   Rapid   sampling.   Just.  819 

Filter.    Slime,    Nichols.  ^607 

Filter,   Slime,   Robinson.  •258 

Filter,   Vacuum,   Grothe-Carter.  ^465 

Filter,   Vacuum,   zinc-box  slimes.  '899 

Filtration,  Fume,  for  production  of  pure 

spelter.  ^415 

Findley,    Colo.  476 

Fine  grinding  problem,  Tube  mills.  •1057 

Fines.  Losses  of.  Joplin.  117 

Finland.    Michigan    men    in.  249 

FInlay,   J.   R.  2,  11 

— On  cost  of  mining.  150 

Fire  from   electric  cable.  971 

Fire  hydrant.   Convenient.  ^545 

Firedamp,   Liberation  of,  and  barometric 

pressure.  'SOS,  540 

Fires,  Mine,  A.  I.  M.  E.  discussion.  997 

Fires.   Forest,   in   Northwest.      28C,   397.   526. 

953.  ,1200 
Fireproof       construction,       Underground 

stables.  247 

First  Nat.  Cop.     (See  also  "Balaklala.")    232, 

281,  378.   nS7 
Firth-Rterllng  Steel  Co.  140 

Fish    cause   smeltery   shut-down.  1192 

Fishback,  M.  Zomelahuacan  mines.  '1017 
Fisk.  W.  W.  ,7arbridge  camp.  •763.  1258 
Flame.    Successive    stages    of,    in    copper 

converter.  1207 

Fleming.  J.  B.  779 

Flodin   Co.  864 

Florence,   Goldfleld,   Nev.      9,   87.   'ISS.   284. 

430,  477.  833 
Flotation  apparatus,  Hoover.  •123 

Flotation   zinc  concentrates,   Brlquetted.  323, 

751 
Flow  sheet,  Utah  Cop.  mill.  'laS* 

Flower,  Frank,  Death  of.  1025 

Flue  dust  and  fume  In  smeltery  gases.  Ill 
Flue   dust.    Fine,    Settling,   Cop.      Queen 

smeltery.  '504 

Flue  dust  utilization,  Pittsburg.  508 

Flue  dust,  etc..  Agglomerating.  '814 

Flues.    Dust  settling.    Proportioning.  104 

Fluorine  dist.,  N.  M.  313 

Flushing  culm,  anthracite  mines.  1117 

Flynn.  F.  N.     Keeping  notes.  1092 

Foaming  In  converters.  104,  460,  750 

Fohl,  W.  E.     Mine  equipment.  227 


i'AGE 

Foote,  W.  T.,  Jr.,  Death  of.  1271 

Forder,  J.  B.,  &  Sons,  Ltd.  ^504 

Foreign  labor,  etc.,  in  coalfields  and  steel 

works.  80,  468,  470,  508,  917,   130."> 

Foremen,    Proposed   laws   regarding.  604 

Forest  of  Dean  mine,  N.  Y.  •114H 

Fortune  Teller  Co.,  Mo.  734 

Foster,  Donald.  278,  141 

Foster  mine,  Ont.  221,   •348,  432,  882 

Foster-Ellis,  Ont.  1081 

Fournier,   A.  730 

Framing  rough  timbers  for  sets.  '544 

Framing   timbers   before   sliipment.  351 

France,   Aluminum-alloy   currency.  IIOO 

France.    Coal  mining    investments.  32 

France,  Salt  Industry.  471 

Frank,  A.  923 

Franklin,   Jllch.  254,   529,   102!) 

Eraser,   L.     Level-rod  attachment.  ^202 

— Illuminated    screen     for     underground 

surveying.  •1040 

— Variable-drop  hammer.  •I  09.5 

Fraud,    Campaign   against.      699,    709,    1042, 

1045,  1239 
Frauds.   Mining,   Protecting   Investors   ijy 

exposing.  1157 

—Note.  1074 

Free  Coinage   mine,   Colo.  89 

Freeman   Coal   Co.  575 

Freight    rates — Penn.    Smg.    Co.  105 

Fremont   Consol.,   shaft  timbering.  304 

Fremont  Dredging  Co.  882 

French  aluminum  syndicate.  1300 

French    Bar,    Mont.  139 

French   experiments  on  coal  dust.  1266 

French  Guiana.     See  "Guiana." 
French-Nicoson   Coal   Co.  38 

French  view  of  American  railway  haulage. 

1170 
Fresno   Cop.    Co..    Ltd.  574 

Fresno  Magnesite  Co.  428,  1076 

Frick,  H.   C.  Coke  Co.  ^524 

Frigid   mines,   Colo.  783 

Frisco  mine,  Colo.  282 

Fritz,   John.  923 

— Growth  of  iron   Industry.  110,   112 

Fritz    medal    presentation    to    Noble.         1212 
Frontenac   Asbestos   Co.,   Que.  141,   480 

Frontier  mine.  Wis.  1279 

Fry.    E.    D.      Lordsburg   dist.  820 

Fuel  situation.  Facts  concerning.  ^773 

Fuld.    H.    A.       Prospecting,    Churn  drill, 

Miami.  *804 

Fuller  Red  Mtn.  Magnesite  Co.  903 

Fulton,   C.    H.      "Metallurgy."  tll20 

Fume.     See  also  "Smeltery." 
Fume    filtration    for   production    of   pure 

spelter.  ^415 

Funnel,    Slag,   Assayer's.  •1196 

Furnace.       See   also    "Converter,"    "Elec- 
tric,"  "Smeltery,"   etc. 
Furnace,      Agglomerating,      Fernic      iron 

wks.  •210 

Furnace,  Blast,  Altering  capacity  of.  595 
Furnace.  Blast,  heat  intensification  pro- 
cess. Hardie.  1074 
Furnace,  Blast,  slag  analysis,  Cananea.  649 
Furnace,  Blast.  Slag,  Clearing.  157 
Furnace — Burning  reverberatoiy  ash.  1302 
Furnace-charging   crane,    Clark    and    An- 

tisell.  •204 

Furnace  charging,   Granby  smeltery.  '499 

Furnace,     Cop.     blast,     slags.     Role     of 

alumina  In.  1260 

Furnace,    Elec.    Laboratory.  •I 56 

Furnace   enlargements.   Granby — Results.   352 
Furnace — Gypsum   as  desulpherizer.  1248 

Furnace  practice,  Tenn.  Cop.  Co.  866. 

Furnace,  Roasting,  Hegeler,  Develop- 
ment. 314 
Furnace,  Tin,  Volatilizing.  '1056 
Furnaces,  Blast,  Thin-lined.  172- 
Furnaces — Blast  roasting,  sulphides.  *317 
Furnaces,  Charcoal — Merger,  etc.  110,  248. 
Furnaces.  Cop.  blast.  Teziutlan.  "171 
Furnaces,  Elec.  steel — Statistics.  151 
Furnaces.  International  smeltery.  •1059 
Furnaces,  Iron,  V.  S.,  Distribution.  •150- 
Furnaces,  Mond  Nickel  Co.'s.  '364 
Furnaces,  Smelting,  NIshni  Tagil.  611,  846 
Furnaces.  Sublimated  white  lead.  'OOe 
Furnaces,  Zinc,  Mechanically  charged.  346 
Furnaces,  3  tier,  Siemens-Belgian.  ^41 5 
Fuse.  Bickford's  British  permitted.  614 
Fuse.  Electric.  Priming  with.  156 
Fuse,    Precautions   In   handling.                    445 


Galleries,  Effect  of  form  of,  on  dust  ex- 
plosions. 1266 
Galloher,  O.  G.     Prospector's  wooden  ore 

car.  •.592 

Galloway  Coal  Co.  333 

Gardufio  Mg.  Co.  072 

Garrlson-Whipple     condenser     and     ball 

machine.  ^722 

Garvin.  James  S..  Death  of.  827 

Gary.  E.   H..  Statements.     588,  630,  796,  806 
Gas,   Blau,  In  portable  cylinders.  607 

Gas.  Coke,  Quenching  and  conveying.       1117- 
Gas    in    tunnels.    Apparatus    for    explod- 
ing. 'S**. 
Gas  mantles.  Incandescent.  391/. 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Gas,   Natural,   affairs,  Calif.  1320 

Gas,  Natural,  Alberta.  1123 

Gas,  Natural,  In  Texas.  1300 

Gas.  Natural,  Kansas,  Price.  1324 

Gas.  Natural,  near  Fayette,  Ala.  65 

Gas.  Natural,  Ont.,  merger.  3.5 

— Kent   gasfleld.  1099.   1123 

Gas,   Natural,   West  Va..  notes.  69,  823 

— Important  deal.  761 

Gas  pipe  line,  Ala.  1321 

Gas  outflow  —Barometric  pressure.   '56.5,  540. 

1260 
Gas  power,  high  altitudes,  Bolivia.         •1262 
"Gas    Practice,    American    Producer."        t570 
Gas,  Smeltery.     See  "Smeltery." 
Gas    well,   Hungarian.  955 

Gascoyne,  R.     Mining  ethics.  Rand.  81S 

Gasolene,    tJ.    S.    consumption.  1219 

Gate,   Chute,   Centennial  Eureka.  594 

Gate.   Chute,  Mammoth  mine.  'lOT 

Gate.    Chute.    Steel    arc.  'SOS 

Gate  for  dryconcentrate  bin.  •704 

Gate  for  ore  chute.  'CI 

Gate.   Telescopic,   for  cages.  'Bl 

Gates,  H.  V.  1222 

Gates,  John  W.  969 

Gates    mine.    Ont.  578.    627 

Gates.    Storage-bin.   MIneville.  •594 

Gear-wheel  teeth.  Supplying.  •1171 

Gelsenkirchen    ore   bunkers.  '  •902 

General  Chemical  Co.  '  537 

General    Development   Co.  237,    686.   830. 

844,  9S0 
General  Elec.  Co.  locomotives,  etc.  ^31,  •O.'j 
— Performance   of   induction   motor.  123 

— Steam   and  air  flow   meters.  217 

— Highly   conductive   cop.   castings.  1154 

General  Oil  Shales  Co.  781 

General   Vanadium  Co.  1275 

Gentry,    M.    B.       Churn-drill    operations, 

Silverbell,  Ariz.  •850 

— Churn-drill    equipment   list.  998 

Geological  Survey.     See  "Survey."  etc. 
Geological    Congress,    Stockholm.  596 

— Officers    for    Toronto.  1221 

Geological    world   map   proposed.  597 

Geological     work.     Value     In     limestone 

regions.  1161 

"Geology    Applied   to   Mining."  t277 

"Geologv,   Economic."  t976 

"Geological  Notes."  t369 

Geologist,  Mining.  Useful  clues  for.  772 

George's   Creek   Coal   Co.  336 

Georgia,   Coal   mining   In   1909.  1316 

Georgia,   Gold   mining.  137 

"Georgia.   Mineral   Resources."  +127 

German   "bucket  shop"  crusade.  1300 

German    Development    Co.  236 

German   Industrial  plants.  Neatness.  163 

German    miners'    insurance   and    annuity 

funds.  867,  900,   956,'  1007 

German   phosphate   Imports.  243 

German  potash   affairs.     98,   633,   1089,   1249 
German   zinc  convention.        632,   1134.   1151. 

1200 
Germany.  Ge.vserlte  in.  ^820 

Germany.  Iron  and  steel.  54 

— Syndicates,   trade,  etc.  246,   636 

Germany.  Sulph.  amm. :   Chile  niter.  19.5 

Germany — Upper  Harz  industries.  347 

Geyserite  in  Germany.  ^820 

GIbb.  G.  W.  Obligations  and  responsi- 
bilities of  working  miners.  1215 
Gibbons.  Charles  A.  425 
Gilbert  River  Gold  Alluvions.  480 
Gin  pole.  Built-up.  •306.  707 
Girault,  E.  Silver  cyanldlng.  San  Ra- 
fael mill.  ^67 
— San  Rafael  v  Anexas.  ^643 
Glroux  Consol.,  Nev.  284.  383,  47R,  576. 
625.  1078.  1126,  1179 
Glacial  deposits.  Computing  age  of.  596 
Glascock  and  metallic  strontium.  1108 
Globe  Ariz.  *  El  Paso.  281 
Globe  Consol.  363 
Globe  &  Phoenix.  Rhodesia.  724,  1199,  1300 
Gmehling,  O.  331 
Godfrey.  M.  H.  181 
Godshall.  L.  D.  1319 
Golconda.  Ariz.  733 
Gold,    Alaska.         334,    •412.    418,    443.    ^507. 

564.  ^859 
— Total    production.  607 

—Some   economic   deposits.  5.11 

— Bill   as  to  placer  claims.  12.50 

Gold   and   coni   areas,   Canadian    N.   W.        548 
Gold.   Arizona.  363 

Gold  assay  at  Cananea.  649 

Gold.  Australasia.     189,  198,  K16.  1089.  1247 
Gold   Bar,   Nev.  234 

Gold    Beach    Dredging   Co..    Alaska.  865 

Gold.    Brit.    Col.,    production.  257 

— New   field,   Yale  dist.  931 

Gold.  Can  ,   found  near  Hoban  925 

Gold  Chnln   mine.   Utah.  737.   1127,   1277 

Gold  Coa-Jf.      See  "West   Africa." 
Gold.  Colloidal.  1241 

Gold.  Colo.  981.  1010 

Gold.    Colombia.     Alluvial    deposits    and 

mining.  1098 

Gold    Dollar.   Colo.  186,   1222 

Gold  dredging.     Bee  "Dredge." 
Gold     Elec.    rcflnlng.   V.   S.   mints.  214 

(;old.   Georgia,   mining.  137 

Gold  nill   United   Mines,   Colo.  282 


PAGE 

Gold  Hills  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.  333 

Gold,    Hot-spring   deposits.  893 

Gold,  How  marketed  In  London.  865 

Gold  Hunter  mine,   Idaho.  624 

Gold  in  Antarctic  regions.  1191 

Gold  mines.  West  At.,  Statistical  posi- 
tion. 114 
Gold-mining  industry,  Nicaragua.  •1204 
Gold  Mtn.  Hyd.  &  Dr.  Co.  828.  831.  981 
Gold.  Newfoundland  deposits.  362 
Gold,  Ontario.  Western.  325 
Gold  ore  reserves.  West  Australia.  458 
Gold  Park  dist.  ;  Gold  Park  Consol.  'eOO 
Gold.    Peru.    Bedded    quartz    veins    near 

Poto.  •.597.    799 

Gold   placer   fields,   Altar,   Mex.  •651.   846 

Gold   process,    Bartola.  913 

"Gold   Production  and   Future   Prices."      t369 
Gold  receipts,  S.  F.  mint.  Increased.  397 

Gold,    Rhodesia.  237,   314,    1247 

Gold.   Rhodesia,   mining  industry.  724 

Gold   Road   mine.   Ariz.  363.   •609,   733 

Gold,    Segregation   in   copper.  418 

Gold,   Selenium,   ore.  418 

Gold   Springs   Mg.   &   Power   Co.        135.   881, 

1079 
Gold   Springs— .Tennle  mine,   etc.  431,   577 

Gold   Stream,   .\laska,   discoveries.  1274 

Gold,    Transvaal.  103,    141,    1247 

— Production  and  policies.  1259 

Gold.  U.  S.  1247 

Gold.   World's   production.  1247 

Golden  Chest,  Idaho.  "    .  1178 

Golden   Crest.   S.  D.  577 

Golden    Cycle   Co.      185,    233,    282,    684.    688, 
734,  1026,  1077 
Golden  Horseshoe  estate.  West  Australia.  458 
Golden   Reef  mine.   Utah.  984 

Golden    Reward.    S.    D.  1127 

Golden  Rule  mine.  279.   1122 

Golden  Star  M.  &  M.  Co..  363,  948 

Goldfield-Alamo.  90,    625 

Goldfleld  Consol.,  Nev.     39,  87.  90,   135,   183, 
234,    280,    284,    427,    576.    625,    689. 
735,   833,  9.'!3.   1126 
— Safety  in  mines  and  mills :  work  of  J. 

R.   Flnlav.  2,  11 

— Monthly    reports.  158,    347,    543,    797, 

1006.   1249 
— Listing  of  stock.  256 

— Ore-chute  construction.  ^307 

— Zinc  dust  feeder.  •447,   894 

— Fast  driving.  1246 

Goldfleld  Daisy.  Nev.  530 

Goldfleld  dist.   production.  6  mos.  87 

Goldfleld-Elv    railroad.  527 

Goldfleld   Co.,   Ont.  41 

Goldflelds,   New,    Porcupine,   Ont.  •1296 

Goldsmith  mine.  Mont.  117S.   1227 

Good    faith    In   mining   locations.  159 

Goodner,  Ivan  E.  425 

Gordon,   Robert.  229 

Gore's  deductions  misleading.  ^717 

Goshen   Iron   Co..   Del.  518 

Government  testing  plant.  13 

Gow,  P.   A.     Back-sight  lamp.  ^1097 

— Surveying  methods,   Butte.  ^1209 

Gradenwitz.     A.        Steel     belt     convevcr. 

Sweden.  '       •455 

— Ammonia   production   by   synthesis.  512 

— Drawing  off  coke-oven  fumes.  ^825 

— Ziiblln  system  of  ore  chutes.  ^902 

Graeff.  F.  W.     Nitrates.  So.  Calif.  173 

Graham.   Charles.  683,   875 

Graham,   S.   N.  331 

Granby    Consol.,    B.    C.      286,    432.    442,    947. 
985.  1080.   •IISI,   1326 
— Results    of   furnace   enlargements.  352 

— Furnace  charging  at   smeltery.  ^499 

—  Smeltery  slag — note.  802 

—The    report,    etc.  699.    737 

—New    mine— Hidden    Creek.  1101 

Granby   Mg.   &   Smg.   Co.,   Mo.  336.    1324 

Grand    Central.    Utah.  40,    139.    33S.    474, 

479,    132- 
Grand  Trunk   Pac.   Minerals   on.  209.   619 

Grand   View   coalfield.   Ind.  1273 

Granite  Bi-Metalllc,   Mont.  138 

Graphite,   Ltd. ;   Amherst   mine.  338.   818. 

1249 
Graphite  mining,   Quebec.  813,   1249 

Grashrook   gas-works  plant.  1211 

Grasselll    Chemical    Co.  930,    979 

Gravel  and  sand  production.  349 

Gravity   planes,   Cheever  mine.  ^752 

Gravity    planes.    Grass    valley.  1043 

Gray.   .Tames.  875,   1121 

Grease.  Cleaning  from  glass  and  metals,  1242 
Great  Britain.     See  "United  Kingdom." 
Great  Cobar  mine,   Australia.  925 

Great    Northern    Con.    Co.  880 

Great  Northern  Devel.  Co.  1307 

Great  Northern   R,   R.  69 

Great   Northern   Iron-ore  lands.  159 

Great  Northern  Superior  ore  dock.  338 

Great   Salt   Lake   investigation.  807,   1208 

Green  Moehan    mine,    Ont.  ,531.    1229 

Green  Mtn.  Gold  *  Cop.  Co.  1179.  1277 

Creennwalt.   W.   E.      Hydrometnllurgy   of 

copper.  960 

— Oreenawalt   electrolytic   process.  "lOOL' 

Greene.   W.   A.  1271 


FAGK 

Greene-Cananea.         (See     also     "Greene 

Consol.,"    "Cananea.")         286,    338,    579, 
664,    738,    932,    1033.    1081,    1229, 
1279,   1327 
— Report.  73 

— Operations.  854 

Greene  coal  mine,  Va.  1300 

Greene  Consol.  suit.   The.  212 

— Title  suits.  286 

Greene,   W.   A.  1121 

Greenfield,   T.   B.      Shaft   plumbing.      3,   153, 

1044 
Greenleaf,  E.  N.  Framing  timbers  be- 
fore shipment.  35] 
Greenwater  Cop.  M.  &  S.  Co.  1325 
Greenway,  John  C.  133,  181 
Gregory's,    A.    W.,    vanadium    estimation 

method.  810 

Gregory,  N.   B.      Yellowpine  dist.  1308 

Griese.   Federico.  33 

Griffin,  T.  P.,  Death  of.  525 

Griffith,  J.   K.  977 

Griffith,    Wm. — Mine  cave   problem.  32 

Grizzly   Bear   mine,   Colo.  981 

Grizzlies,   Clonan  shaft,  Mineville.  •167 

Groendal  briquetting  process.  814,  508 

Groendal  wet  magnetic  concentration,  908 
Groenfontein  tin  mines.  The.  ^515 

Gross,   John.  619 

Grossmlth's   giant   excavator.  "  ^564 

Grothe-Carter   vacuum    filter.  •465 

Grothe's  Pachuca  tank  improvement.  ^307 
Ground  Hog  Mtn.   coal.   B.   C.  1170 

Grouting.     Injection     of,     behind     shaft 

tubbing.  ^705 

Guadlacfizar,  Mines  of.  667 

Guanajuato  Consol..    Mex.  532,   968,    1181 

Guanajuato    dist..    Deep    mining.  ^1310 

Guanajuato  M.  &  M.  Co.  1181 

Guanajuato   Power  &   Elec.   Co.  1033 

Guanajuato,    Cost    data    from.  723 

Guanajuato    output.  653 

Guard    rail    for    winzes.  801 

Guatemala.    Mining   industry    In.  13 

Guerrero.   Mineral   resources  of.  ^672 

Guess,   George  A.  1025 

— Notes  on  metallurgy,  CopperhlU.  866 

Guffey,    J.    M.  776.    1091 

Guggenheim   financing.   More.     891,  994,  995. 

1099 
Guggenheim  interests.  Alaska.    See  "Alas- 
ka,"  etc. 
Guiana.    French,    Gold     dredging     condi- 
tions. *562 
Guiterman,    Franklin — Status    of    mining 

and  smelting  In  Colo.     1009,  37,  86,  345. 
526.   844,   1041,   1093,   1143,   1240,    1251 
Gunnell    mine,    Colo.  981,    1026 

Gusher,    Bringing   in,    Calif.  *S07 

Guston    mine,    Colo.  473.    79S 

Gypsum,    N.    Y. — Lawsuit.  1247 

Gypsum,    Reduction    of.  1248 

Gypsum,   Sulphuric   acid   from.  749 

H 

Haanel.  Eugene.  254,  269,  271,  90,S 

— "Const,   of  Elec.   Furnaces."  t97G 

Haas,    Herbert.  425 

— Agglomerating  ore  fines  and  flue  dust.  ^81 4 
Haber's   synthetic   ammonia.  512 

Hachlta,     M.    S.      Extension     of    colliery 

working  shaft.  •IIOS 

Hadfleld.    Sir   Robert.  1073 

Haertter.  John.  923 

Haiditarod  gold  shipments.  685,  733 

Haiti,    Mining   In.  5 

Haldane.  J.   S.     Rescue  work.  82 

Hale.  Alfred  H.  278 

Hall.  E.   P..  on  Wyo.  asbestos.  559 

Hamilton  &  Hansell.  905 

Hamilton.     S.    H.       Geologist's     drawing 

hoard  and   T-square.  •1294 

Hamlet   mine  and  Red   Mtn.  dist..  Colo.     473. 

476,  623.  79S 
Hammer,  Variable  hight  drop.  •1095 

Hammon.  W.   P.  766 

Hammond.   John   Hayes.  32.   1025.   1121, 

1200.  1319 
Hampson,   John.  1319 

Hancock.    E.    T.        "Geologv    Applied    to 

Mining."  "  t277 

Handicaps  of  rigid  working  hours.  1115 
Handy,   R.   S.      Concentration    recovery.      301. 

541,  840 
Hangers.  Elec.  haulage  line.  ^803 

Hanra.    M.      Cement    filling.  1294 

Hansa   Socledad   de   Minas.  612 

Harbnttle  cam-shaft   collar.  ^398 

Hardle   blast-furnace   Improvement.  1074 

Hardlnge.  H.  W.      Problem  of  fine  grind 

Ing  in  tube  mills.  ^1057 

Hargrave  mine,  Ont,       627.  690,   1129,  1180. 

1279,  132i: 
Harlan   county,   Ky..   companies.  336 

Harper.     C.        Coal     dust     and     calcium 

chloride.  589 

Harper.    W.    B.  270 

Harris,    E.    G.      "Compressed    Air."  t976 

Harris.  11.  i.s3 

Harris.   Wesley.  1271 

Harris.   Wlllla'n),   Death  of.  571 

Harrison.  .\.  I,,  Death  of.  472 

Harrison.    II.       Modern    methods    In    coal 

tipple  •370 


INDEX 


PAOB 

Harrison,  W.  P.  1073 

Harvie's   tplliirideore  discovery.  1104 

Harz.    I'nper.     metallurgical     industries, 

(^haiiges  in.  347 

Haselman,  L.  W.  730 

Hastings  county.  Ont.,  discoveries.  621 

Hauer,   D.   J.,  on  blasting.  1149 

Haulage.  roUlery— Vital  facts.  129 

Haulage-line    material.  'SOS 

Ilaulage,    Loco. — Partings   arrangement.    •824 
Haulage   wavs.   Lighting.  1242 

Haulbaum.   IL  W.  G.     Coal  dust.  178 

HauUain.   H.   E.  T.  8.5,  331 

Hawley.    F.    G.       Analytical    metliods    in 

Cananea    laboratory.  647 

Hawxhurst,  R.,  .Ir.  Bedded  copper  de- 
posits, t'arangas.  Bolivia.  *909 
Harden  mine.  Colo.  831,  1177 
Havden  Hill.  Calif.,  Fire  at.  684 
Ilayden,  Stone  &  Co.  4,  ll.'iO 
Haynes"  substitute  for  steel.  616 
Health  of  miners,  Data  on.  23 
Heating  and  mixing  apparatus.  •1108 
Heberlein  on  slags,  discussed.  1260 
Heclvscher.  Austin,  Death  of.  525 
Hecia  mine,  Idaho.  137.  831,  832 
—Hoist  :  stoplng.  •265,  •453 
Hedlev  mine,  B.  C.  384 
Heifer,  Joseph  W.  229 
Heffernan,  John  P.  1025 
Hegeier  roasting  furnace,  Development.  314 
Heidman.  H.  M.  33 
Heinze,  !•'.  Augustus.  779 
Helena,  Mont.,  assay  office  report.  230 
Helena,  Mont.,  Developments  near.  ^354 
Helena  Zinc  Mg.  Co.  36 
Hematite  mine,  Mich.,  hoist.  '1094 
Hendrlckson,  W.  H.  Mine  surveying.  2'<2 
— Clues  for  mining  geologist.  772 
Heney.  M.  J.,  Death  of.  87."> 
Henning,  VVilliam  C.  1221 
Henricl<sen,  Grondahl  &  Son.  "Geolog- 
ical Notes."  t3G9 
Henrietta  mine,  Mex.  ^404 
Henson.  J.  B.  Reinforced-coucrete  reser- 
voirs. •205 
Herald,  Mo.  382,  430 
Hercules  mine,  Colo.  185 
Hercules  mine,  Idaho.  137,  429,  831,  879 
Hermoslllo  dist..  Revival  m.  661 
Heroult,  Calif.,  Elec.  Iron-ore  smelting.   •269, 

2.-I.-..   379 
Heroult  elec.  furnace  patents.  1101 

Herrick,    R.    L.  33 

Herron,  David  A.  278 

Herzig,   C.    S.  1271 

Hibbard,  P.   H.,  Death  of.  619 

Hibbert,   E.  133 

Hidalgo  Mg.   Co.  787,  895 

Hidden  Creek  Cop.  Co.  1101 

Hidden   Fortune,  S.  D.  577,  1277 

HIggins,  Edwin.  331 

— Mexican  Petroleum  Co.  •646 

High  Grade  Oil  Ref.  Co.  427 

"High    Gradhig."    Ont.  35,   87.    333 

"High  grading"    methods,    Australia.  893 

Highland    mine,    Calif.  734,    1174 

Highland   Boy.      See  "Utah   Consol." 
Hildesia  shaft,   Germany.  ^705 

Hill,    J.    J.,    on    conservation.  947 

Hill,  I,ioneI  E.  278 

Hill,   S.   H.      Air  moll   for  cutting   timber 

hitches.  ^1049 

Hilltop  mine,  Colo.  620 

Hill    Top-Last   Chance.   Colo.  1077 

Himalaya   Mg.   Co..   Calif.  1147,    1323 

Hinsdale  C.  &  C.  Co.  599 

HIrsch,   Aron,   &   Sohn.  840 

Hitchcock,  C.  K..  Jr.  229 

Hlxon,  II.  W.  Unusual  causes  for  smelt- 
ery shutdown.  1192 
H.jortsberg,  Victor  B.  779 
Hohan,  Can.,  gold  discoveries.  925 
Hobhs.  W.  H.  "Earthquake  of  1872."  1570 
Hocking  Val.  R.  IS.  Co.  986 
Hodges,  A.  D.,  Death  of.  1025 
Hoepfner  copper  process.  961 
HofTman,    F.    L.      Data  on   mortality   and 

morbidity    of   miners.  23 

— Coal-mining   fatalities,    Belgium.  •519 

— German     miners'     Insurance     and     an- 
nuity funds.  867,  900,  950,   1007 
— Coal  mine   disasters.  949 
— Fatal  accidents  in  coal  mines  of  North 

America.  1313 

Hofman,   II.  n.     Recent  progress  in  blast 

roasting  of  sulphides.  •SI? 

— Reduction    of  calcium   sulphate.  124S 

Hogan,    E.    W.  875 

Hoist,  Coal,  for  boiler  house.  ^800 

Hoist   for  lowering  timber.  ^253 

Hoist.   HecIa  mine.  •265 

Hoisting   notes.  1091 

Hoist,     Steam    and    elec.     Interchange 

able.  •lOi; 

Hoist,  Timber  and  winch.  ^1094 

Hoists,    Klec,    Davis   C.    &   C.    Co.'s.  ^29 

Hoisting    -Accident   committee  report.  601 

Hoisting,    Colliery      Vital  Tacts.  129 

Hoisting,    ICiec.    In    mining.  ^1014 

Hoisting  engine   inclined  to  shaft.  *7 

Hoisting   engines.    Electric.  1096 

Holbrook.  E.   M.,  Death  of.  1025 


Hoiley,  C.  D.  "Lead  and  Zinc  Pig- 
ments." tl220 
Holllnger  Gold  Mines.  1279 
Hoills,  Robert  W.  1271 
Iloilister.  William.  683 
Hoiman,  C.  Vey.  977 
Holman  drills.  112 
—In  America.  1298 
Holmes.  J.  A.      151.  403,  497,  525,  550,   711, 

1005,   1208 
— Cooperation  between  Geol.  Survey  and 

Bureau  of  Mines.  1092,   1143 

Holt,  C.   P..  Death   of.  229 

Holt.  T.   P.     Portland  cement  cupels.       •SCO 
Holt  &  Gregg's  lime  quarry.  •Go 

Home   mine.   Colo.  37 

Homestake,  S.  D.     40,  87.  333.  500.  577,  689. 

785,  1127 
•74 
309 
590 
85 
893 


— Sloping. 

—Aid  fund. 

— Annual   report. 

Honnold.  W.  L. 

Hookworm   disease,   Calif. 

Hooper,  Ilarley  E. 

Hooper.    Major    S 


K.  779 

Hoover,  T.  J.    Standard  series  of  screens 

for   lab.   testing.  27,   199 

— Flotation   apparatus.  ^123 

— Recovery   in   concentration.      301,   541,   846, 

894 
— Smelting  briquetted  zinc  ore.  323.  751 

Hope  mtns.,   B.   C.   Strike  in.  384 

Hope  Natural  Gas  Co.  69.  761 

Hore,  Reginald  E.  1319 

— New    goldflelds.    Porcupine.  •1296 

Horn    Silver    Mg.    Co.       187.    689,    984,    1228, 

1325 
Horse  Mountain  Co..  Calif.  687 

Horseshoe  mine,   Utah.  929 

Horton,    E.    L.,   fair   lead.  '  ^251 

Horton.   Frederick   VV.  1271 

Horwood   process.    Modifications   of.  157 

Hosmer   Mines,    Ltd.  •469.   578,    1080 

Hot  spring   deposits.    Gold    In.  893 

Houses,    Portable.  950 

Houston.  J.  C.     Landing  chairs.  '7 

Howell,    John.    Death   of.  1025.    1221 

Howell    Mg.    Co.  1128 

Hower,   C.   L.  278 

Howland  Fiat,  camp,  Calif.  684 

Huasteca    Petroleum    Co.       532,    '646,    1104, 


1181 

1012 

503 

614 


Hubbard  Eliott    Co.,    Alaska. 

Hubbard,   L.   L. 

Hucknall  collieries  elec.  plant. 

Hudson    Bay    mine.      See    "Temiskaming 

&  Hudson  Bay." 
Hudson.  J.  G.  S.  308 
Hudson,  J.  K.  Closed  door  policy.  1240 
Hudson,  James,  Death  of.  827 
HulT  electrostatic  separator.  '15 
Hulbert,  E.  J.,  Death  of.  1073 
Hulett  machines — Fast  unloading.  1160 
Hull,  Ariz.  1076 
Hull  Rust  mine,  Minn.  848 
Huist  Pattisonizing  process.  •853 
Ilumbestone  method — Chile  niter.  •20 
Humboldt,  Statue  of.  751 
Humboldt  Mg.  Co.  237 
Hungarian  gas  well.  955 
Hungarian  Govt,  coal  mining.  1250 
Hungerford  talc  property.  Ont.  1211 
Hunter,  John  A.  331 
Huntlngton-Heberlein  process.  317 
Iluntoon,  L.  D.  Accuracy  of  mechani- 
cal and  riffle  ore  samplers.  62 
Huston,  G.  Snow  Storm  geology.  1109 
Ilutchins,  J.  P.  923.  1073 
— Kolchan  placer,  Orsk  Goldflelds.  1202 
Hutchinson,  Pemberton.  85 
Hutti  Nizam  mine,  India.  627 
Hydrant,  Fire,  Convenient.  ^545 
Hydraulic  cartridge.  Use  of.  ^1022 
Hydraulic  mining  cartridges.  320.  329 
Hydraulic.  See  also  "Dredge." 
"H.vdraulic  Mining."  t976 
Hydraulic  monitors  on  dredge.  401 
Hydrocarbons,  Calif,  production.  549 
Hydrometallurgy    of  copper.               900,    •1062 


Hydromefalhirglcai      operations.      Cobalt. 


•12.-13 


I 


Ibex    mine,    Colo.  396.    575 

Idaho.      See   also    "Coeur   d'Alene." 
Idaho  Black  Sand,  etc..  Co.  57B 

Idaho  Gold  and  Radium.  39 

Idaho  mine.    Colo.  780 

Igneous  rocks  of  Pachuca.  671 

Ihlseng,   A.  O.      Need  of  Improved    meth- 
ods at  Joplln.  117 
Illinois,   Coal   production.                                 1317 
Illinois  coal-miners'  strike.     54,  93,   142,   190, 
238,  287,  300,  349,  397,  493.  524, 
539.  550,   580.   773,   87S 
lliltinls,   Coalfields   of.                                         227 
Illinois   Development  Co.                       'SGS,  442 
Illinois,    Fireproof  underground  stables.      247 
Illinois,    Mine    rescue    stations.       •176,    1024, 

1208 
Illinois  miners'  qualification  act.  933 

Illinois.   Petroleum   In   1909.  1052 

ImhofT,   Alexander.  1025 


PJlOE 

Immigration    Commission    reports.       80,    468, 

470,  568,  917,  1305 

Imperial  Cop.   Co.,   Ariz.     88,  184,  363,  428, 

574,    686,    998 
— Churn  drill   operations.  *850 

Inch,  Capt.  James.  249 

independent  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  1024 

Index,   Card,   Library.  313 

Index  sheet   for  notes.  1092 

India,  Burmese  and  American  oil  In.         1114 
India,  Coal.  434 

India — "Quinquennial   Review."  t976 

India's    secreted    wealth    appearing.  1239 

Indiana    laws.    Changes   recommended.       921. 

1273 
Indiana,  Rescue  work.  83,  920,  1208,  1219 
Indiana,   Southern,   Coal  mining.  ^869 

Indiana    wage   contract,    etc.      93,    102,    143, 

191,  287 
Indicators,    Mineral,    Electrical.  847 

Indifference  to  mining  laws.  4 

Industrial  Mining  Co.  1081 

Infusorial   earth.   Questions   regarding.      248, 

1241 
Ingalls,  W.  R,  1271 

— Cost    of    metallurgical    works.  ,   14 

— Accident   committee   report.  601 

Ingersoll-Sargeant   drill.   History.  12 

Ingot  Co.,  Utah.  1278 

Innerhofer.  A.      Acid  elevator.  *330 

Innoko  dist..    Alaska.  •414,   564 

Inspection,    State   mine.  1090,    601 

Inspiration,    Ariz.      334,    686.    830.    843.    878. 

1028,    1170 
—Report.  1152 

Inst,   of  Mg.  Elec.   Engineers.  725 

Inst,    of   Mg.    Eng.    on   coal   dust.  178 

Insulated  and  earthed   neutrals.  ^275 

Insulation  and  electric  shocks.  725 

Insulation   of  electric   cables.  1147 

Insulators,  Haulage  line.  •SOS 

Insurance.   German    miners'.      867,   900,   956, 

inn- 
Insurance — Homestake  aid  fund.  309 
Insurance,  Miners',  Data  on.  23 
Interest,  Brief  calculating  method.  812 
Internal  commerce  during  May.  5 
International  Acheson  Graphite  Co.  187 
International  Asbestos  Co.  559,  834.  955 
International  Congress,  Dvisseldorf.  162 
Internationa!  Copper,  Mex.  189 
International  Geol.  Congress,  Stock- 
holm. 596 
— Officers  for  Toronto.  1221 
International  Harvester  Co.  624 
International  Lead  and  Iron.  140 
International  Mines  Devei.  Co.  379 
International  Nickel  Co.  758 
International  Smg.  &  Ref.  Co. — Smelt- 
ery at  Tooele.  56,  542,  •lOSO 
—Notes.  249,  279,  378.  828 
Inter-Ocean  Steel  Co.  917 
Interstate  Gold  Dredging  Co.  ^315 
Interstate  Mg.  Co.  476 
Interstate  Nat.  Gas  Co.  761 
Investments,     Coal-mining,     Comparative 

merits.  32 

Iowa,    Coal.  628 

Iowa-Tiger  mine,  Colo.      230,  233,   335,   1225, 

1275 
Ireland,  W.  G.  730 

Irish  peat  deposits.   Utilization.  569 

"Iron    and    Steel,    Corrosion   and    Preser- 
vation of."  +369 
Iron    and    Steel    Directory.  1241 
Iron    and   steel    employees.    Social   condi- 
tions   among.                                  1305,    110 
Iron  and   Steel   Inst..   Gt.   Brit.         425.   571. 

1247 
Iron  and  steel  mergers,  Southern.     880,  994, 
1035,  1176.  1282 
Iron   and   steel   prices.   Changes.  163 

Iron,   Arizona.  363 

Iron    bars.    Approximate    weight.  1191 

Iron    blast    furnaces    in    U.    S..    Distribu- 
tion ;  map.  ^159 
Iron    Blossom.    Utah.         235,    383,    478,    577, 
626,  736,  753.  881,  984,   1031.   1079, 
1127.  1179,   1277,   1325 
Iron,  Brazil,   Industry.  330 
Iron,  Cnlifnrnia.                                        355,  1222 
Iron,    Canada,    and    ore.                        535,    1273 
— *'>ttawa    valley    deposits.  817 
Iron   and   steel    bounties.  876 
Magnetic    concentration.                                908 
Iron    Can    Copper    Co.                                      1322 
Iron    carbonate.    Western    Penn.                      376 
Iron    centennial      Boiler   plate.             110,    112 
Iron,    Charcoal,    merger.                           110,    248 
Iron,   Chinese,   ore.   Imports  of.            135,   183 
Iron,   Extraction   from   ore  and  pulp.          *445 
Iron    from    grinding    mills.                               752 
Iron.   Galvanized.    Covering  with   lead.        447 
Iron,  Germany,   and  steel.  54 
.'Syndicates,  trade,  etc.                         246,  636 
— .'\ggIomeratlon   of  manganiferous   limo- 

nite  ore.  •216 

Iron   Hat   Mg.  Co.  236,  1228 

Iron    industry,    J.    Fritz    on   growth   of.      110, 

112 
Iron,   Magnetometrlc  surveya,  Adirondack 

deposits.  905 

Iron.  Maine,  ore.  1276 

Iron-making  capacity,   U.   S.  440 


xn 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Iron    making.   Early,   Pac.   coast.  173 

Iron  Mask,  B.  C.  236,  578 

Iron,    Mexico,    Resources.  665 

— Explorations   in   Oaxaca.  'ees 

Iron,  Minn.,  Cuyuna  range.  1214,    280 

Iron,    Missouri,    ore   production.  1106 

Iron   Mountain,   Mont.  39,   234,   477,   1227 

Iron  occurrences  in  eastern  half  of  U.  S. 

— Map  and  table  by  States.  '206 

Iron,  Ont. — ^Magnetite  concentration.  1312 
Iron,  Ont.,  production.  970,  4.50,  135,  1104 
Iron,  Ont.,   western.  Ore  deposits.  325 

Iron,   Ont.,   Metagami  riv.  333,   379,   925 

Iron-ore  deposits,  Vancouver  and  Texada.  213 
Iron   ore.   Largest   cargo   of.  921 

Iron  ore.   Lake   Superior.  1184,   1232 

Iron-ore    prices,    Probabie.  892 

Iron-ore   lands,   Gt.    Nortliern.  159 

"Iron  Ore  Resources  of  the  World."  596 
Iron-ore  smelting,  Elec,  Heroult,  Calif.  •269, 

255.  379 
Iron  ore  smelting — Heroult  patents  pur- 
chased. 1101 
Iron  ores.  Fine,  Briquettlng.  1247 
Iron  ore  supply.  World,  summarized.  597 
Iron  ore,  Titaniterous,  Smelting.  512 
Iron  ore.  Washing,  New  plant,  Mesabi.  '712 
Iron,  Penn.,  ore  near  Boyerstown.  736 
Iron,  Pig,  and  steel,  World  prod.  53 
Iron,  Que.,  St.  Maurice  riv.  280 
Iron  resources,  Newfoundland.  '360 
Iron,  Russia.  480,  1037 
Iron-Silver  mines,  Colo.  879,  1225 
Iron  smelting,  Nishnl  Tagil.  610,  846 
Iron,  Sweden,  and  steel.  1085 
Iron,  Sweden,  Ore  conservation.  596 
Iron,  Texas,  ore.  40,  44,  •207,  1100,  1228 
Iron,  United  Kingdom,  and  steel.  54,  300 
— Ore  consumption.  1331 
Iron,  U.  S.,  and  steel.  54,  44,  103,  741 
— Furnaces  ;    deposits — Map  ;    tables.       ^159, 

•206 
— Pig  production,  1910.  211,  300,  340,  540 
— Tinplate.  838,  1019 

— Finished    iron   and   steel.  1103 

— -Pig  production,   100  years.  1263 

— Plate  and  sheet  production.  1309 

Isabella,  Colo.  282,  476,  981,   1125 

Island  Cop.   Co.  575 

Island   Smg.  &  Ref.  Co.  231 

Isle  Royale,  Mich.  254,  283,  624,  832 

Ivanhoe  mine,   skip   loading.  ^1292 


Jack,   Screw,  as  rope  anchor.  '1067 

Jackling,   D.   C.  1221 

Jackson's    skip    measuring   pocket.  ^1094 

Jacobs,  E.  Brit.  Col.  mines  and  minerals.  257 
Jade,   Cutting.  395 

Jager,    O.    E.      Appliance     for      leaching 

tests.  •802 

Jalonick,   Hartwell.  85 

James,  G.  A.     Apparatus  for  quicksilver 

determination.  •SOO 

— Moisture  as  source  of  error  in  assay  re- 
ports. ■  1047 
Japan  Coal  Co.  833 
Japanese  sulphur.  Duty  on.  1208 
Jarbridge  camp,  Nev.  •763,  1258 
Jeffrey  coal  tipple  equipment.  ^370 
Jene,  H.  L.  Oil  shale.  Blue  Mtns.  ^407 
Jenks,  Arthur  W.  525 
Jennie  Sample  mine,  Colo.  186,  381 
Jennings,  E.  P.  1164 
Jermyn,  Edmund  D.  1073 
Jerry  Johnson  mine,  Colo.  688  1125 
Jewett,  F.  G.  875 
Jig  plunger,  Doubledee.  •593 
Jigs,  Device  to  reduce  top  water  on.  ^399 
Johnnie  M.  &  M.  Co.  449 
Johnson,  G.  R.,  Death  of.  33 
Johnson,  H.  D.  1073 
Johnson,  J.  E.,  Jr.  525 
Johnson,  R.  McL.  977 
Johnson,   T.      Importance   of  air  cost   in 

machine  drilling.  6 

Jones,    Fayette   A.  683 

Jones   Iron-ore   step   process.  1096 

Jones   &   Laughlin,   Minn.  1324 

Jones,   R.   M.  7gl 

Jones   riffle   sampler.   Accuracy.  62 

Joplln,  Need  of  improved  methods  at.  117 
Joplln  dist..  Economic  conditions.  •759,  894 
Jordan,   S.   S.  73O 

Journal   bearing,   Hot,   Cooling.  545 

Journal — Metal    mining   and     coal     mln- 

'■>e-  346 

.Iiilleta  mine,   Mex.  835 

.(umbo    asphalt    mine    explosion.  1151 

.lumbo    Extension,    Nev.  279 

Just   rapid-sampling   filter.  819 

K 

Kansas  Cy.   Commercial   Co.  689 

Kansas   Cy.    group    and    Red    Mtn.  dIst., 

Colo-  473,  476,  623,  798,  927 
Kansas  Cy.-Quapaw.  383 
Kansas  Cy.  Reduc.  Co.  137 
Kansas  Nat.  Gas  Co.  1324 
Kansas,  i!lnc  smelting  In.  748 
Kapp,  T.  Altering  blast-furnace  capa- 
city. 595 
Katahdln  Irop   Wks.,  Me.  575 


Katanga   copper.  198,    1288 

Keane  Wonder,  Nev.  39,  689,  833 

Keast,   William.  683 

Keating  Gold   Mg.   Co.      138,   880,  983,   1078. 

1227 
Keely   mine,   Ont.  573,   882 

Keene  Coal  Mg.  Co.  139,  1071 

Keith,   E.    W.  637 

Keller,   E.      Labor-saving  appliances   for 

assay  laboratory.  ^706 

Kemp,  J.  F.  133 

Kennedy  camp,  Nev.,  Purchase  of.  187 

Kennedy  mine,  Calif.  61,  88,  ^204,  830 

Kennedy  mine,   Minn.  280,  575,   1214 

Kennlcott  Bonanza  mine,  Alaska.  •77.  184, 
209,    •273,    622,    685,    1011,    •1012, 

•1307 
Kennon  Coal  Co.  249 

Kent  gasfleld,    Ont.  1099,   1123 

Kentucky  Coal.  93,   142 

Kern  Oil  Fields.  Ltd.  783 

Kerr,  J.  "Handbook  of  Mex.  Law."  tll7 
Kerr  Lake  mine,  Ont.        627,  829,  877,  1081, 

1129 
— Annual  report.  757,  738 

Keyes,   C.    R.      Prospecting   disseminated 

copper  ores.  1055 

Keystone  mine,   Mohave  county,   Ariz.  36 

Kidney  pulp  distributor.  •loie 

Kilbourn    matte   breaker.  ^1005 

Kiln-charging  device.  ^953 

Kimball.  J.  P.     Santa  Eulalia  dist.  659 

Kimberlv   Consol.,    Nev.  1324 

King  Solomon  Mg.  Co.  833 

King   William   mine,   Utah.  577,   1228 

Kingstord,    Daniel    Parish.  85 

Kingsley   Chem.   &   Reduc.   Co.  1032 

Kingston   Coal  Co.,   Penn.  569 

Kingston   School   of  Mines.  1312 

Kinnon's  firing  method,  zinc  smelting.  268 
Kirby,  A.  G.  1257 

Kirkpatrlck's  precipitation  method.  ^1256 

Klrtly  Creek  Gold  Dredging  Co.  1276 

Klerksdorp  field  activity.  954 

Kluttz,  W.  L.  472 

Knight,  C.  W.  *349 

Knight,   Jesse,   interests.  188,   1228 

Knights    Deep,    Transvaal.  •IIS 

Knoxville,    Tenn.,    exposition.  762 

Koester,   Frank.  425 

Kokomo,  Colo.  927 

Kokomo  Consol.,   Colo.  783 

Kolchan   placer,   Orsk  Goldflelds.  1202 

Kolmanskop   diamondflelds.  8 

Koning,  Paul.  1284 

Kootenay  Silver-Lead.  578 

Krickhaus,  L.  L.  Arsenic  determination.  357 
Krupp  Co.,  Statistics  of.  614 

Krusch,  P.     "Lagerstatten  der  Nutzbaren 

Mineralien."  tl27 

Kiimmei,  H.  B.     N.  J.  Report.  tl220 

KUnzel  smeltery,  Colo.  86,  473,  526,  1077 
Kuryla,     M.    H.        Continuous     agitation 

system,    Esperanza.  ^213,    ^307 


La  Blanca  mine  and  mill. 
La  Cruz  property,  Mex. 
La  Manche  mine,  N.  F. 
La  Noria  Devel.  Co. 
La  Porte  Oil  &  Gas  Co. 
La  Regina.   Mex. 


646 

92 

362 

541,   ^704 

981 

1129 


La   Rose,   Ont.      35,   140,   385,   732,   882,   931, 
1032,  1181,  1223,   1254 
— Report.  901,  925 

La  Union,  Hacienda.  968 

Labarth,  Jules.  278 

Labor  and  tonnage  chart.  ^754 

Labor,       Coal-mining,       affairs,       wages, 

strikes,   etc.,      42,   54,  93,   102,   128,   142, 

143,    179,    190,    191,   238,    287,   299,    349, 

397,   423,    493,   524,   539,    550,   569,    580, 

731     •773     873     933 

Labor  conditions,  etc.,  Cananea.     •914,  '963, 

1193 
Labor  cost.  Note  on.  84 

Labor,    Foreign,    etc.,   in   coalfields,    steel 

works,    etc.  80,    468,    470,    568,    917, 

1305 
Labor  in   the  steel   trade.  110 

Labor,  Mexican,    Points   about.  662 

Labor,  Standards    of        302,    441,    541,    588, 

589 
Labor — Transvaal    report.  356 

Laboratory.    Assay,    Labor-saving    appli- 
ances for.  ^706 
Lackawanna   Steel  Co.   reports.            110,   895 
Ladder   regulations — Committee   report.       605 


Laflamrae.    Monslgnor   J.   C.   K. 


133 


Lagprstiltten     der     Nutzbaren     Minera-  - 

lien."  tl27 

liago  zinc  properties,  Mex.  679 

I,ahmeyer   hoisting   system.  1015,    ^1016 

Laird.   George  A.  875 

-  Water   problem,   Candelarla.  658 

-  Raising  a  smokestack.  ^1244 
Lake   mine,   Mich.      38,   138,   382,   928,   1126, 

1226 
Lake  Sup.   cop.   mines  production.  254 

Lake  Sup.   iron  ore.  1184,  1232 

Lake  Sup.  Iron  Ore  Asso.  1282 

Lake   Sup.    Iron   and   Chem.   Co.        110,   248. 

1276 
Lake   Sup.   Mg.   Inst.  331,   377,   525 


PAGE 

— Meeting.  497 

Lake  Sup.  Unionism  at,  440 

Lakeview  gusher,  Calif.         34,  86,  279,  308, 
397,    443,    449,    572,    591 
Lamb,   M.    R.      Variables   influencing  cy- 
anide plant   design.  8 
— History  and  review  of  niter  Industry, 

Chile.  •IS 

— Consular  reports.  199 

— Mountain   travel   in   Mex.  676 

— Seeking   employment.  798 

— Present  tendencies,  cyanide  practice.      855 
— Slide-rule   lens  attachment.  *1008 

Lamb,    R.   B.  181,  923 

Lambert,    Frederick.  917 

Lamont.    D.    Unwatering  mines.  639 

Lamp,    Back-sight.  ^1097 

Lamps,   Acetylene,  in  mines.  1094 

Lamps,    Safety,   abolished,   Mulga   mine.      326 
Lamps,    Safety,   vs.   naked   lights.  83 

Land.     See  also  "Conservation,"  "Laws," 

"Taxation,"  etc. 
Land,   Coal,    matters,   Alaska.      See   also 

"Alaska." 
Lands,    Coal   and    oil,    Ballinger's   report 

on.  1151 

Land,   Coal,    withdrawals.  132,   179,   279, 

524    955 
Land,  Mineral,  etc.     Withdrawals   of.      '    57, 

520,   819 
Lands,  Govt.,  surveying  system.  474 

Lands,      Mineral,      Conservation       Pres. 

Taft  on.  495.  947 

Lands,   Mineral,   President's   recommenda- 
tions. 1198 
Lands,     Mineral,     withdrawn.     Classify- 
ing- 105 
I-ands,    Oil,    Exploration    of.                          1252 
Lands,  Oil,  Location  of.              439,  449,  1026 
Lands,   Phosphate,   Western,   Location.        S52 
Lands,    R.    R.,    Calif.      309,    1151,    1222,    1272 
Landing  chairs.      See   "Chairs." 
Landreth,   O.   H.      Loss  of  oxygen  In  hy- 
draulic  air   compression.  5O8 
Landrum,  C.  W.  827 
Laning-Harris  Coal  &  Grain  Co.                 1244 
Lanyon-Starr    Smelting   Co.                   736,    743 
Laramie,   Hahns  Peak  &  Pac.  a08 
Laramie   Poudre   reservoir  tunnel.  808 
Las    Esperanzas — Palau    explosion.  853 
Last  Chance  mine,  Ida.                                   452 
Lathe,  F.  E.     Results  of  Granby  furnace 

enlargements.  352 

— Furnace  charging,  Granby  smeltery.  ^499 
Latta,  N.  "Producer  Gas  Practice."  t570 
Lauck,  W.  J.,  and  foreign  labor.  80,  468, 
470,  568,  917,  1305 
Launders  for  mill  solutions.  Marking.  306 

Lautenthal    works,    Germany.  347 

Lavas  from   Krakatoa — Note.  1106 

Laws. 

— Ala.,   new   mine  laws.  1119 

— Am.   Mg.   Congress  accident  prevention 

report.  601,   587,  756,   1090 

— Apex,   Law  of,  Pres.  Taft  on.         495,  947 
— Brit.  Col.   rescue  provisions.  201 

— Canadian    mining-law    codification.         1273 
— Colo. — Colliery    safety    plans.  1218 

— Explosives,   Safe  transportation  of.        1192 
— Good  faith  in  locations.  159 

— Indiana   laws.   Proposed.  921,   1273 

— Indifference  to  mining  laws.  4 

— Location     of     lode     claims.     Proposed 

amendment   for.  1043,    1193,    1290 

— Mexico,   Laws   of.  116,  474,   667,   1027, 

•1194,   1290 
— Mex.   Law,   Richardson's  Manual.  tl220 

— ^"Mining  Rights  on  Public  Domain."   tl220 
— New  York  minerals  status.  1247 

— Promoters.  Law  as  to.  1299 

— Queensland   mining   legislation.  448 

— Safety   laws  proposed   by  inspectors.         84 
— Texas  mineral  law.  541 

Laws,  H.  W.  472 

Lawsoii   mine.  Wash.,   explosion.     1080,   1151 
Lawton,  E.  W.,  Death  of.  1173 

Le  Roi  Mg.  Co.,  B.  C.  236,  573 

Le  Roy,  Osmond  E.  1121 

Leaching — Cyanide-practice   tendencies.       856 
Leaching  tests.   Appliance  for.  •802 

"Lead  and  Zinc  Pigments."  tl220 

Lead,   Arizona.  363 

Lead  assay  in  tailings  and  slags.  408 

Lead,   Brit.  Col.  257,  258 

Lead  blast  furnace  capacity.  Altering.       595 
Lead,   Canada  subsidy.  494,   573 

Lead,   Colo.  1010 

Lead  concentrates.  Sampler  for.  •253 

Lead,   Covering   galvanized   Iron    with.        447 
Lead  determination,  Cananea.  648 

Lead  market.  The.  1142 

Lead    matte,    Blast- roasting.  317 

Lead   metallurgy,   Unhealthful  practices.    113 
Lead    mines.    Chihuahua,    Vanadium   and 

Molybdenum  in.  646 

Lead  ore.  Bearpaw  Mtns.,  Mont.  367 

Lead,   Oregon,  eastern.  1030 

Lead     poisoning     and    sublimated    white 

lead.  1061 

Lead,  Sublimated  white.  Manufacture.       •906 
Lead-zinc   ores.   Duty   on.  57,   103 

Lead,   White — Oil  scarcity.  1214 

Leadville,   Calamine  at.    "635,  637,   620,   684, 
831,   876,  954,  981,  996,   1026. 
1142,  1272 


INDEX 


PAOE 

Leakage  indicators,   Electric.  •275 

Lease  transfer  decision,  Ind.  7^2 

Leasing  lands,  mineral,  oil,  etc.         496,  710, 
756,   1026,   1152,  119.S 
Leasing  partnership  case  decision.  621 

Leatherbee,   B.     Sierra  co.   mining.  31.^ 

Leavitt,   K.   D.— Sand  wheel.  •218.   772 

Ledoux,  A.  R.  315 

Lee,  G.  E.     Settling  fine  dust  at  Copper 

Queen  smelterT.  ^504 

Lefevre,   Edwin.  1221 

Legislation.         See     "Laws,"     "Corpora- 
tion."  "Tax,"   State  names,  etc. 
Lehigh  Coal  &  Nav.  Co.  881 

Lehigh  &  New  Eng.  E.  R.  739 

Lehigh  Val.  Coal  Co.  593 

— Report.  777 

Lehigh   Valley   R.   R.  636,   1190.   1199 

Lehigh  &  Willies  Barre  Coal  Co.         569,  881 
— Report.  922 

Lelghton,    Henry.  181,    875 

Lemore,  C.  A.  1122 

Leonard    mine,    Butte.    Pump    station.       ^400 
— Skip-changing  device.  •350 

— Skip  pocket  and  station.  '445 

— Powder  storage  underground.  707 

— Skip-loading  chute.  •1292 

Leonard,   Reuben  W.  133,  779 

Lettering,   Section   liners   for.  501,   •1048 

Level-rod      attachment      for      converting 

tenths  of  foot  to  inches.  ^202 

Levy,  D.   M.      Successive  stages  of  flame 

in   copper  converter.  1207 

Lewin   and   Poppenberg's   experiments.      1066 
Lewis  &  Clarke  Mg.  Co.  159 

Lewis  Findley   Coal  Co.  1278 

Lewis,  S.  J.  331,  1073 

Lewie,   Thos.   L.  142,   300,   349,   397,  493 

Lewlsohn,   Samuel.  730 

Library  of  A.  L  M.   E.  152 

Llddell.    D.    M.       Foaming    in    basic-lined 

converter.  104 

— Segregation  of  gold  in  copper.  418 

— Formula       for       samples       containing 

metallics.  544 

— Magnetic     particles     in     cop.     bullion 

sampling.  752 

— Drilling  pig  cop.,   top   and  bottom.  897 

— Influence   of   number   of  templet   holes 

in   sampling  copper   bullion.  '953 

— Moisture   in    copper    bullion.  1095 

•Llddell,    Major,    Death   of.  977 

LWvin    coal-dust    experiments.  126(5 

Lievin    gas  flow    experiments.  •565,    540 

Lift,   Simple  form,  for  coal.  *800 

Lighthouse.    Prince   Wm.   sound.  597 

Lighting,    Elec,    in    mines.  1293 

Lighting  haulage  ways.  1242 

Lightner   mine.   Calif.        428,    622,   830,   1274 
Lightning  rods,   Magazine.  8133 

Lignite,   North   Dakota,  tests.  1150 

Ligny-les-Aires  mines.  1015,  •1016 

Lilienthal,   E.    R.  1222 

Lllley,  D.  377 

Lime,   Commercial,   Rapid   estimation  for 

free  CaO  In.  905 

Limestone    regions.    Value    of    geologfcal 

work   In.  1161 

Llmonlte  ore,  Manganlferous,  Agglomera- 
tion. •  216 
Lincoln,  F.  C.  Some  economic  gold  de- 
posits of  Alaska.  551 
Lincoln  mine,  Minn.,  timber  cage.  *848 
Lincoln  Gold  Mg.  Co.  526 
Lindberg,  Carl  O.  1271 
Lindeman,  Einar.  219 
Llndgren,  Waldemar.  513 
— Selenium  gold  ore.  418 
— "Ore  Deposits  of  New  Mex."  1570 
LInganore  Co.,  Md.  429 
Linton,  R.  A.  Water-wheel  control.  •638 
Linton  Coal  Co.  733 
Lion  Hill  Consol.,  rtah.  930,  1278 
Llpplncott,  Warren  B.  977 
Little  Bell,  Utah.  92,  786,  1032,  1128,  1228 
Little  Marv,  Mo.  624 
Little  Nlpiaslng,  Ont.  41,  738.  1081 
Live  Oak,  Ariz.    184,  281,  334,  428,  475,  622. 

686,  878,  1124 
Livermore,   Thomas   L.  331,   425,   571 

Lixiviatlon,  Niter  extraction  by.  '20 

Llama  pack   train,   Bolivia.  •1053 

Loading.     See  also  "Car,"  "Skip." 
Loading   boom.    Empire   tipple.  373,    ^375 

Location  of  lode  claims.  Proposed  amend- 
ment. 1043,  1193,  1290 
Location  of  oil  lands.  439,  449,  1252 
Locations,  Mining.  Good  faith  In.  159 
Lockhart.  J.  R.,  Death  of.  1073 
Locomotive.  Electric,  Baldwin,  •1154 
Locomotive,  Elec,  repair  pit.  ^705 
Locomotive  wheel  flanges.  Oiling.  850 
Locomotives,  Elec,  Davis  C.  &  C.  Co.'s.  ^31 
Locomotives,  Elec,  on  heavy  grades.  •65 
Lode    claims.    Proposed    amendment    for 

location   of.  1043,   1193,   1290 

Logan.  W.  N.     Pottery  Clays.  Miss.  271,  t369 
Lomax,  .T.  A.      Mining  songs.  359 

Lomita  Mg.   Co.  189 

London  Diamond  Syndicate.  153 

London   Placer  Devel.   Co.  136 

Lone  Rock  claim,  N.  M.  929 

Lonely   Reef  G.   M.   Co.  1199 

Longrldge,  C.  C.     "Hydraalle  Mining."     t976 


PACK 

Longwall  mining  methods,  American ; 
comparison  with  English ;  change 
from    room-and-plllar    system.  •1020, 

1093 
Longwall  mining.  Proposed,  Transvaal.  155 
Lordsburg  mining  dlst.,   N.   M.  820 

Loree,  L.   K.  730 

Loreto   mill.   Chilean   mills  at.  968,   1129 

Los  .\ngeles  acqueduct.  ^544 

Los  .'Vngeles  Chamber  of  Mines.  779,  1151 

Los  Angeles  Stock  Exch.  listing  require- 
ments. 163 
Losses  in  milling  and  smelting.  494 
Lost  Bullion  Spanish  Mines.  1157,  1074 
Louisiana  oil-property  purchase.  1200 
Louisiana  oil  taxation.  1091,  1151 
Lovell,  .loseph  N.  875 
Low,  D.  A.  "Applied  Mechanics."  1309 
Lower  Calif.,  San  Antonio  dlst.  404 
Lower  Calif.,  Southern  dlst.  168 
Lower  California  notes.  1229 
Lower  Mammoth.  Utah.  92 
Lucky  Godfrey  mine,  Ont.  87,  931 
Lucky  Jim  mine,  B.   C.       188,  258,  286,  479, 

578 
Lucky   Tiger;    EI   Tlgre.  1229,   932 

Ludwig  mine.  Utah.  1175 

Lukens  Iron  &  Steel  Co.  112,  110 

Lundvall.  Alfred,  Death  of.  923 

Lustre    Co.,    Mex..  932,    1229 

"Luzon.  Southwestern.  Reconnaissance."  t778 
Lyon,  Dorsey  A.  ^269 


M 


Monumentlng    Mex. 


McAllister,    D.    B 

claims.  ^1194 

McCabe  &  Gladstone  properties.  442 

McCart.  R.  _,  1073 

McCarthy,   Jas.,   Death,   Alaska.  571 

McCarthy,   Jas.,   Death,   Ariz.  1121 

McChesnev.    Henry    M.  1201 

McClary,  J.  B.  133 

McClave,    James   M.  977 

McConnell's  Portland  Canal  Investiga- 
tions. 280,  451,  781 
MacCoy,  Fred.  Shaft  plumbing.  153,  1044 
— The  patio  process.  •958 
McDonald,  Hugh.  1221 
McDonald,  J.  C.  229 
McDonald  cop.  mine,  Quebec.  •lOee 
McDougall,  George  H.  1221 
McEvoy,  J.  619 
Macfarlane,  A.  571 
McFarlane.     G.     C.       Auto    engines     for 

wagon    freighting.  798 

McGee  mine,   Joplln  dlst.  1223 

McGibbon,   D.   Lome.  732 

McGllI  rail  bender.  ^155 

McGough,   Miss   Kathryn.  1221 

MacGregor,  A.  G.     Intern'l  smeltery.      •lono 
MacGregor's,   A.    H.,    mlne-signal   switch. 

•1195 
McGrew,  Edward.  893 

Machado  &  Roller's  torsion  balance.         •IIOO 
Mcintosh,  Colin.  923 

Mcintosh,  J.  B.  331 

Mcintosh,  John  H.  472 

McKenzie,    A.    R.        Foaming    converter 

slags.  750 

— Treatment  of  overblown  charges  in  cop- 
per converters.  1147 
Mackenzie,  G.  C.     Concentration  of  Ont. 

magnetites.  1312 

Mackie,   David,   Sr..  Death  of.  425 

Mackie,  R.  G.     Cable  insulation.  1147 

— Small  electric  air  heaters.  1194 

— Electric    lighting    in    mines.  1293 

— Lighting  haulage  ways.  1242 

McKlnley-Darragh,   Ont.  1081,    1229 

McKinnell,   David.  826 

McLean,  Geogre  Ian.  85 

McLean.   James.  571 

MacLeod,   W.   A.      Surface  condenser    in 

mine  power  plants.  ^124 

MacMahon,    Chas.    H.  977 

McMillan,  A.  J.  571 

McMillen.    D.    A.        Sampling    low-grade 

and   irregular  ore  bodies.  750 

— Method,  extending  shaft  timbers.  ^897 

— Auto,   hydraulic  sampling  device.  •999 

MacNamara    mine.    Nev.  187,    983 

McN'ultv,   James,   Death   of.  331 

McQuade,   Thos.,    Death   of.  1173 

Madonna  mine,  Colo.  1042,  1323 

Magistral  Ameca,    Mex.  579,    835,    932 

Magly.  Robert  H.  525 

Magna  Charta  mine,  Mont.  895 

Magneslte,  Calif..   Mining.  903,   230 

Magnpsitp,   Ouebec.  898 

Magnet  for  iron  In  pulp.  '445 

Magnetic.     See  also  "Separation."  "Con- 
centration." 
Magnetic       particles,       copper       bullion 

sampling.  752 

Magnetites,    Ontario,    Concentration.         1312 
Magnetometer,  The.  1145 

Magnetometric   surve.vs,   Adirondack   Iron 

deposits.  ,  905 

Magone,   Hugh.  86 

Magpie  Devel.  Co.  735 

Maine,  Iron  ore.  1276 

Malay  tin  production,  six  months.  194 

Malm  electrochemical  plant.  620.  1320 


PAGE 

Mammoth  Cop.  Mg.  Co.,  Calif.     36,  381,  528, 

622,  731,  926,  1275 

— Chute  gate;  clearing  slag.  ^107,  ^157 

Mammoth.    Utah.      188,   236.   285,    384,    474, 

531,  626,  984 
Management.  Mine,  Two  questions.  494,  947 
Manchester  Unity's  statistics.  23 

Manganese,   Caucasian,   Industry.  376 

Manganese  Deposits,   Sandur,   India.  t778 

"Manganese   Deposits,    U.   S."  1778 

Manganese  ore  imports,  U.  S.  908 

Manganese.    Uses   of.  1066 

.Manganlferous  llmonlte  ore,  Agglomera- 
tion. ^216 
Mangas  Co.,  N.  M.  284,  478 
Manhattan-Dexter,  Nev.  333 
Mann-Ityan  mine,  Ont.  1081 
Mansfeld  copper  mines,  Germany.  851 
Mantey  type  Chilean  mill.  •967 
.Manufacturing  costs.  Investigating.  854 
Map — Model  tor  inclined  veins.  ^1243 
Maps,  Coating  of.  751 
.Maps — Surveying  at  Butte.  ^1209 
Mara,  John.  1221 
Marble  Bay  mine,  B.  C.  479 
Marion  B.  Co.,  Mo.  880 
Market  for  miscellaneous  minerals.  197 
Markle.  John.  730 
Marquet,  M.  C.  Safety  chambers.  32 
Marriott.  H.  F.  Rand  policy.  251,  818 
.Marseilles  Gas  Works.  1117 
Marsh  mine.  Idaho.  233,  1125 
-Martin  on  Alaska  coal.  '272 
Martin.  J.  S.  Mine  accidents.  1043.  1071 
Martin,  Stuart.  954 
Martin,  Pierre,  Testimonials  to.  69 
Martin  Suddith  mine,  Ind.  624 
Maryland  Coal  Co.  operations.  ^1119 
"Maryland  Geol.  Surv.  Reports."  1369 
Marvsvllle  Co.,  Mont.  929 
Mason  Valley  Mines  Co.  S08 
Mass  mine.  Mich.  254,  832 
Massachusetts  Coal  &  Power  Co.  928 
Massey.  K.  Altar  placer  fields.  846 
Massey.  G.  B.  Dredging  conditions,  Sew- 
ard peninsula.  ^859 
Mathias,  William.  331.  377 
Matte.  Method  of  breaking.  •IOCS 
Matte  practice,  Tenn.  Cop.  Co.  866 
JIaule,  H.  B.  425,  "571,  627 
Maurice,  W.,  on  storage  batteries.  ^614 
— On  electric  shocks.  725 
Maxwell,  J.  Rogers.  875,  938 
May  Day  mine,  Utah.  531,  736 
May.  Jas.  D..  Death  of.  33 
Maynard.  G.  W.  Tribute  to  W.  P.  Blake.  55 
— New  Arizona-Sonora  railroad.  441 
— Early  Mexican  reminiscences.  913 
Mayo  klv.  Power  &  Land  Co.  141 
Maypole  colliery  explosion.  466 
Mazatan  Mg.  Co.  661 
Meade,  R.  K.  "Chemists'  Pocket  Man- 
ual." 1570 
Meagher.  John  F.  1271 
Measuring  pocket  for  skips.  ^1094 
"Mechanical  Appliances  of  Chemical  and 

Metallurgical    Industries."  t976 

"Mechanical   Drawing,   Self-Taught."  t369 

Mechanigraph.    The.  714 

Megraw,    H.    A.      Reconstruction    of   An- 

gustlas  cyanide  mill.  '321 

— "Practical   Data  for  Cyanide  Plant."    t570 
—Characteristics  of  Chilean  mills.  ^967 

Melones,  Calif.,  vanner  regulator.  ^202 

Melting  points  of  refractories.  1191 

Mendels,   E.   S.  1109 

Menden   mine,    Ind.  1078,   1125 

Merced  Placer  Mines.  Co.  1124 

Merced  river  devel.,   Calif.  926 

Mercury.     See  "Quicksilver,"  "Mosesite." 
Meridian    Fertilizer   Co.  235 

Meridian,   True,   Determining.  305,   638 

Mesa   Rica,   Mex.  189.  1229 

MesabI    range   public  schools.  1052 

Mesabi  range.   Wages  on.  1244 

Messina  Cop.  Co.  954 

Metagaml  rlv.   iron  ;  coal.    333,  379,  732,  925 
Metal   mining  and  coal  mining.         346,  954, 

1043 
Metals,  U.  S.  foreign  trade,  6  mos.  291 

Metall  Gesellschaft.  1300 

Metallic    Extraction   Co.  1251 

"Metallics."  749,    893,    1091,    1191,    1289 

Metallics.    Short     furmula     for     samples 

containing.  *544 

Metallurgical   works.  Cost  of.  14 

"Metallurgy,  Principles  of."  tll20 

Metamorphlc  ore  deposits.  Contact,  Ex- 
ploration of.  513 
Metcalf  dlst.,  Ariz.,  Cop.  mining.  •US 
Metcalfe.  James  K.  133 
Meteorite.  Mex.,  Composition  of.  1048 
Mexamerican.  378 
Mexican  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  667,  1217 
Mexican  Consol.  M.  &  S.  Co.  1327 
Mexican  Iron  &  Steel  Co.  480,  883 
Mexican  Metals  Co.  627 
Mexican     Mine     Devel.      Co. — Important 

decision.  57 

Mexican  Mines  Co.  835 

Mexican   Petroleum   Co..   Ltd.  •646,   1104, 

1181 
Mexicana  mine,  Mex.  66 

Mexico  Consol.  41,   532,  835 


INDEX 


I'AGE 

•641. 

96S 

rjST 

1)2 


Mexico  Mines  of  El  Oro — Operations. 

— Matter  of  professional   ethics. 
Mexico-Orient   Mg.   Syndicate. 
Mexico. 

See    also    names    of    mines,    metals 

districts,  etc. 
— Achotla  mine.   Mining,  smeltin 
— Aguascalientes,     Miniu 

in. 
— Altar  gold   placer   fields. 
— Antigua  mines.  Real  de  Sivirijoa 
— Archean   roclis   of  Mes. 
— Arteaga   dist.,    CliiLuaUua. 
— British    mining   companies    in    Mex. 
— Cananea   dist.   ore  deposits. 
— Centennial,   Mexican. 
— Chihuahua.   Operations   in. 
— Chilean    mills.    Characteristics. 
— Coal  and   iron   exploiations,    Oaxaca 
— Coal.  (iUU,   667.    777,   S22,   121 

— Colie  industry. 
— El    Chico   dist.,    Hidalgo. 
— Electricit.T   for  Mex.   mines. 
— French  interests  in  Mexico. 
— Geographical   and  geodetic  surveys 
— Gold   and   silver   production. 
— Guanajuato  dist.,    Deep   mining. 
— Guerrero,    Mineral    resources   of. 
— Hydroelectric  project.  Mayo  river,  etc., 

west  coast.  781 

— ^Iron    resources.    Republic    of    Mex.  66."> 

— La  Blanca  mine  and  mill.  646 

— Labor,   Mexican,    Points   about.  6(i2 

— -Law,    Richardson's    Manual.  tl22U 

— Laws,  monumenting  claims,  etc.     116,  474. 
667,   1027,    •1194,   12!)U 
— Lower    Calif,    districts.  168,    404,    1229 

— Mexico  N.  W.  Ry.,  Mining  along. 
— Mineral-bearing  area  figures. 
— "Mining  Industry  of  Mexico." 
— New  concessions  in  Mexico. 
— Nitrate  deposits. 
— Oilfields,    The    Mexican.      •646,    671 


rtO.'i 
and    smelting 

•(;7.s 

6.")1.    846 

•11.-.  .-I 

821 

•6.'i6 

664 

•4(J2 

636 

604 

•967 

•HCS 

1317 

•667 

642,    1327 

454 

,^>27 

642 

1247 

•1311) 

672 


•67,-) 
6.56 

t23] 
642 

1321 
1104, 

1181 

'110.5 

664 

'353 


— PedrazzinI   operations. 

— Petroleum,    Free   entrance   of. 

— Planillas    (concentrators),    Mexican.        

— Political   unrest.  1123,    1181 

— Railroad,    Arizona-Sonora,    New.    •368,    44] 
— Railroads,  Zacatecas.  820,   1156 

— Railway,   Mexico  N.   W.  265,   ^675 

— Reminiscences    of    early     Mexican     ex- 


periences. 
— Salt  concession.  Jalisco. 
— San   Antonio   cop.    dist.,    Sonoi-a. 

—  San  Javier  dist.,   Sonora. 

—  San   Rafael  y  Anexas. 
— Smelting    situation    in    Mex. 
— Tales   of  mountain   travel. 
— Titles,   Mine,   issued. 
— Titles.  Recording. 
— Two  interesting  articles  on  Mex. 
— Ures,    Hermosillo,    Sahuaripa    dists. 
— Wireless  telegi-aphy. 
— Zinc  mining  in   Chihuahua. 
— Zinc  ore,  freights   raised. 
— Zinc  shipments. 

— Zinc    smelteries.    Would    thev    pay? 
— Zomelahuacau,   Veracruz,  mines.  -lun 

Miami  Cop.  Co.,  Ariz.    36,  232,  281,  440,  686, 

1090,  1273 
— Stock  increase.  380.  450,  622,  843 

—  Progress   of  construction.  'SIO 
Miami   dist..    fliurn  drill    prospecting.        •804 
Mica  mines.  S.  D. 
Mica,    Quebec. 
Michel.    Joseph   A. 
Michigan.   Coal   production,   1909. 
Michigan    copper   pi'oduction  ;    cost.  2,")4 
Michigan  cop.   U)lnes— Vertical  curves.   •1000, 

1093 
.Michigan   mine,    Mich. 
Michigan  Mg.  Co.,  Utah. 
Mlikle,   G.    R.      Kent  gasfield. 
Miililleton    mine    explosion. 
.Miilliet-Uonanza.    Colo. 
MIerisch   on   cyanlding  discussed 
Mignonette  mine.  Mo. 
Mikado    mine.    Oni. 
Miles  fair  lead. 
Miles   tailings   staiker. 
Mill,         See      also      "Stamp." 

"Chilean,"      "Cyanide," 

metals,    countries,    etc. 
Miller,    Donald    (;.  1025 

Miller  group,   San    Antonio,   Mex.  •1301 

Miller   Lake O'lirlcn.  573.   \\^-, 

Miller,  W.  G.     Porcupine  dist.  "  •348 

Miller,  W.  W.  42,5 

Mlllerett  Sliver  Mg.   Co.     35,  188,  432,   474, 
....„  1170,   1270 

Milling  and  smelting.  I^osses  In.  494 

Milling.    Joplln     Improvements   needed.      117 
Milling  |))actlce.   Cobalt,  Ont. 
Mills,  Cost  of  various. 
Mills,    F.    1'.,    Death    of. 
Millunl-IIuavna    I'otosl    mill. 
MIna   Consuelo.    Mex. 
Minarets  )eKlon.  Calif. 
MInas  Geines  mlui'inl   product. 
Mine    Inspectors'    Inst,    of    Am. 
Mine   managrimenl.   Two   questions   of. 


'1301 

♦660 

•643 

128S 

676 

646 

667 

659 

661 

1263 

679 

636 

262 

268 

•1017 


91 
164 
977 
423 
254 


254,   98'i 

40 

1099 

1317 

429,    442 

948 

1227 

578,    1326 

•251 

•504 

"Tube," 

names      of 


Mine  model   for   Inclined   veins. 


•1253 
14 
229 
1 053 
•069 
978 
997 
84 
494. 
947 
•1243 


I'AUE 

Mine  rescue.      See  "Rescue." 

Mine    Workers,    United.       See    "United,  " 

"Labor,"  etc. 
Mines,  Lureau  of.     See  "Bureau." 
Mines    Co.    of    America.       55,    249,    480,    661, 
690,   1081,   11.S1,  1U79 
"Mines    Directory.    The."  1976 

-Mines   Power.    Ltd.  isj) 

Mines,   Small.   Capitalization  of.  771 

Mines    Trials    Committee's    work.  723 

Miners,  .Mortality  and  morbidity  of.  23 

Miners.     Working,    Obligations     and     re- 
sponsibilities of.  1215 
-Miners'     I'rotective    Asso.,      Pine     Creek, 

Ida.  250- 

Mino'al   Development   mines,  Mex.  579 

Minei'al    Farm    mine,   Colo.  137,   335 

.Mineral   Flat  Co..    Utah.  479 

.Mineral   Hill  Ry.  &  T.  Co.  378,  476 

-Mineral    land.       See    "Laud."    "Conserva- 
tion."   "Laws."    "Tax,"   etc. 
.Mineral   substances.   Misc.,   Market.  107 

Minerals    Separation.    Ltd.  323,    751 

'.Mineralogie     Pi-atiiiue     a     L'Usage     des 

Prospecteurs."  t369 

Mineville  ore  bucket.  •500 

-Miueville.    Clonan   shaft.  •165 

Mings  gold  mine,  N.  F-  362 

-Mining   Asso.    of  Gt.   Brit.  422 

Mining  census.   Trouble   with.  lloi 

Mining   congress    in    Belgium.  209 

-Mining  ethics  ou  Rand.  818 

Mining   history.    Bit   of.  1156 

-Mining  laws.      See  "Laws."  etc. 
.Mining  &  Met.  Soc.  619,  875.  1073,  1173 

•-Mining   Rights  on   Public  Domain."        tl220 
-Minn. — St.   Louis   co.   report.  781 

-Mint    investigations.  858 

.Mirador  -Mg.  Co.  S)3i> 

-Mississippi,    Pottery    clays.  271,    1369 

-Missouri.     See  also  "Joplin."  • 

-Missouri   Iron  Ore  Co.  382 

Missouri,     Iron-ore    production.  1106 

-Missouri   School   of  Mines.  85 

-Missouri,    Zinc-lead    mining.  1110 

-Mitchell,    LTiarles    W.  1271 

-Mitchell  slicing  system,   Bisbee.        ^174,   1291 
-Mitchell  Mg.  Co.  691 

-Mitchell    xMg-   &   L.    Co.  734,    1275 

-Mitsui,  Baron.  875 

-Mix-Ryall    concession,    Mex.  661 

-Mixing   and    heating   apparatus.  •IIOS 

-Mixing  ore,  Teziutlan  Cop.  Co.  'ITO 

-Mixteca  dist    coal  and  iron.  •668 

-Moctezuma    Cop.    Co.  66,    ISO,    985,    1081, 

1101,    1279 
-Moctezuma   dist.,    Sonora,   Notes.  66 

Model,  Mine,  for  inclined  veins.  ^1243 

-Modern  Gold  of  Ophir  Co.  1323 

-Moddertontein  B,  Transvaal.  155 

MogoUon   Gold  &  Cop.   Co.  383,   626 

-Mohawk  mine,   Mich.  254 

-Moil,   Air,   for  cutting  timber  hitches.      •1049 
Moir.  J.     Rand  rock  temperatures.  543 

— Health  aspect,  sand  tilling.  398,  751 

Moisture  as  source  of  error  in  assay  re- 
ports. 1047 
Moisture  in  copper  bullion.                            1095 
Moler-Smith   mine.    Mo.                          ^759.    761 
Molybdenite   ore.    Concentrating,    etc.  248, 

590,    1091 
Molybdenum,    Chihuahua    lead    mines.  646 

-Molybdenum   in  cyanide  practice.  1145 

Monarch   mine,    Idaho.  137,   879 

Monazlte   and   zircon.  1056 

-Mond   -Niikel    Co.'s   plant.  ^364,    1192 

-Monongaliela   HIv.   Consol.  •523 

Montague.    T.    G.,    Death    of.  571 

Montana-Biugham    Consol.  285,    384,    834, 

930,  1031,  1128 
Montana  coal  miners'  indemnities.  1223 

Montana,  Developments  near  Helena.  ^354 
-Montana  Frisco,  -Mont.  1178 

Montana,   Radersburg  dist.  geology.  599 

.Montana,   St.   Louis  vs.  929 

Montana  Tonopah.      91,   235,    '447,   894,   576, 

625,    1146 

-  -\nnual  report.  (!:!7.  1153 
Monte  Crislo  mine.  Nev.  1308 
Montello  Salt  Co.  379 
Montenegro  Co.,  Mex.  66 
Monterey  iron  and  steel  plant.  1203 
Montezuma  group.  Colo.  978 
Montezuma  mines  and  mill,  Costa  Rica.  'TIS 
Montgomery,  Richard  D.  472 
Montgomei-y  Shoshone.  430,  576,  785,  1151 
Montreal  Reduc.  «:  Smg.  Co.  140 
.Monuments,  Mexican  law  on.  667,  1027 
Mo)iumentiug  Mex.    mining  claims.           •1194, 

1 290 
Moodie.    .1.    W.    I).  923 

-Mine    surveyor's    spud.  •351.    T04 

Moon-Anchor  n)ine.  Colo.  230.  1276 

Moore.   K.   S.  505 

Moore.    R.    R.      Dust-settling  flues. 
— Foaming.    Basic  lined   converter.  104 

-  liaslc-llned    converlos    for    Icady    cop- 

per  mattes.  263 

-  Copper   nialtc   cmiverting,   recent   prac- 

tlee.  460.   750 

Moose   Mtn.   mine,   Ont.  578,   985 

Morbidity   of  mineis.   Data    on.  23 

Mo)gan.  C.   K.  730 

.Mo)gan,   J.    P.,   ,i,al    Investments.  775 


■  ..•«-  PAGE 

-Morgan-Guggenheim  interests.    See  "Alas- 
ka," etc. 
-Morgan,   H.  W.     Weight  of  learning.  247 

—Mine   surveyor's   spud.  'SSI,   704 

—Keeping  notes.  547 

Morin,  L.  Barometric  pressure  and  lib- 
eration of  firedamp.  •565,  540 
Jlorning  mine,  Idaho.  *6,  137,  '154,  233 
,,  .  ,  892,  1177 
Morns,  L.  M.,  Death  of.  1025 
Morris,  C.  T.  "Steel  Structures."  t277 
Morrison,    R.    S.        "Mining     Rights     on 

Public  Domain."  tl220 

Morrison.-  W.    L.      Laboratory   elec.    fur- 
-  nace.  .15c 

.Morron.   John   R.  875,  938 

Mortality    and    morbidity    of    miners.  23 

Morton  mine.   Minn.  234 

-Moscow    Mg.  ;    M.iscow    Bonanza.        187,    834, 

1325 
Moses,   Thomas.  1173 

Mosesite.  598 

Moss.   i;.    O.  1173 

-Mostowitsch.  W.  Calcium  sulphate  re- 
duction. 1248 
Motor.  Induction,  Performance  of.  123 
Mottram,  T.  H.  Water  inrush.  •973 
-Moulton,  J.  H.  33 
Mo)int  Andrew  mine.  Alaska.  281 
Mo)int  Baker  dist..  Wash.  •920 
Mount  Lyell  Mg.  &  Ry.  Co.  215,  840 
Mount  -Morgan  G.  M.  Co.  406,  448 
Mount  Royal  Co..  Mont.  38" 
Mountain  Cop.  Co..  Calif.  89.  184,  926 
-Mountain  Dell  mine.  Utah.  930 
Mountain  Lake  mine,  Utah.  882,  984 
-Mountain  Lake  Extension,  Utah.  431 
Mountain  tiavel,  Mex..  Tales  of.  676 
-Mountain  View  mine.  Calif.  475 
Moyer.  A.  Impervious  concrete  tanks.  1196 
Mud  paint.  San  Francisco  bay.  444 
Muehlhaeuser,   O.      Hegeler   roasting   fur- 

nace.  314 

Mule   suits   and    strike.  784,    788 

Mules.  Concrete  bathtub  for.  593 

Mules  tor  De  Beers  mines.  819 

Mulga   mine   explosion.  326 

Multiplication,    Simple  proof  for.  801 

—  Stamp  drop  sequence.  •949 

Munroe.   H.   S.  1271 

Murex  magnetic  concentration,  B.  C.  432 

-Murphy.    Thomas   D.  33 

Musgrave.  Robt.  and  E.  C.  ■  619 

Myers,  R.  V.     Appalachian  expo.  762 

Mynpacht   dredging  company,  Transvaal.   189 

N 

Nacozari  Cons.   Cop.   Co.  66,  932,  1033 

Nagel,  F.  H.     Feldspar  as  fertilizer.  441 

Nagel.  O.     Mine  eductors.  898 

— ^"Mechanical     Appliances     of    Chemical 

and   Metallurgical   Industries."  t976 

Naica  Co..  Mex.  656 

Nail    production    in    1909.  1103 

Natal     colliery     adopts     central     power 

supply   scheme.  972 

-National  camp.   Nev.  90,   235,   382 

National  Lead  Co.  198,  696 

National   Lines  of  Mex.  820 

National  mine.  -\riz.  428 

National    Mining  Exploration.   622,   830,   1322 
Natomas  Consol.  '108,  •154.  202.  ^251.  •351 
401.  •594,  •765,  1026,  1077 
Natural  gas.      See  "Gas." 
Natural    resources.    Conservation.        (See 
also  "Conservation."  "Land,"  "Alas- 
ka,"  etc.      443,   473,   495,   710,   756,   947, 

1198 
Navy  to  test  Pac.  coast  fuel.  180,  972 

Neck  City  camp.  Mo.  624 

Nelms.  H.   J.     Car  dump.  •204 

—  Elec.  loco,  repair  pit.  '705 

— Partings   In  coal   mine.  ^824 

Nelson  and   Matsch    leasing  case.  621 

Nelson.  V.  N.     San  Javier  dist.  ^660 

Neocene  Mining  Co.  1272 

Nepton   tunnel.   Mex.  642.   738.   835 

Neutrals.   Earthed  and  insulated.  Colliery 

work.  •275 

-Nevada.    Coal   discovered   In.  1300 

Nevada  Consol.      39.   139,  235,  255,   284,  478, 
570.    625.    689.    762.    833.    903.    937. 
1078.   1090.    1126.    1325 
— Reports.  254,   895,   945.    •1002 

— Maps.  'lOOS,    ^1004 

— Some  remarks.  439 

— Burning     reverberatorv     ash,     Steptoe 

plant.  1302 

Nevada   county.   Calif.,   Production.  256 

-Nevada.   Discovery  west  of  Goldlke.  90 

NcviKlii  l).»ii;las.  187,    735,   833,    1175 

Nevnil.'i    Hills  Fairvli'w   Eagle.  135,   785 

Nev))ila    mlnlngstock   laws.  231,  924 

Nevada  \>'onder.  1078 

Nevada.    Yellowplne  dist.  130S 

Nevills    Investment   Co.  684,   734 

New   Dominion   Cop.   Co.  385,   787,   USD 

New   (Juadaloupe  Quicksilver   Mg.  Co.  ,19.'! 

New  (;uinea  goldfield  rewards.  465 

-New    Jei-sey    (ioologiat's    Report.  t1220 

New   Jersey  Zinc  Co.  14,   ni,  966 

New   Jeisey  Zinc  mining.  966 

New    Kleinfontein,    representative    Rand 

mine.  222,  1075,   1058 


INDEX 


New   Mex.,    Lordsburg  dist. 
"New    Mex.,    Ore    Deposits." 
New'  Mex.,  Sierra  co.  activities. 
New  Mex.,   Vanadium. 
New    Mine    syndicate.    Mont. 


PAGK 

820 

t.'iTO 

313 

90.3 

1324 


New    Moddcrfontein.  550,   954,    1043 

New    Monarch,   Colo.  335,    575 

New  Planet  Cop.  Mg.  Co.  980 

New    publications.      127,    277,    369,    570,    778, 
976,    1120,    1220 
.New  Hlver  Coal  Co.  32 

.New  South  Wales  miners'  sicliness  rates.  24 
New  York  (^y.   coal  consumption.  826 

New  York  Curb  market.  1100 

New    York,    Legal    status    of    mines    and 

minerals.  1247 

New   York   mine.   Utah.  236,    737 

New-   York   harbor  water  frontage.  758 

New   Y'ork   refinery   fume  question.  91 

New    YorkSearchiight.    Nev.  39 

New  York   State  Steel  Co.  283,  336,   879 

Newfoundland.    Mineral    resources.  '360 

Newhall,    H.    M.  1208 

.Vewhouse   tunnel.   Colo.  34,   1122,   1151 

Newman,     B.        Mining     and     smelting, 

Aguascalientes.  '678 

Newman-.Mancha-Johnston  Syndicate.  1326 
Newport  mine.  Ore.  1316 

Newport  shaft,  Mich.,  Equipment.     *352.  497, 

998,    '1196 
Newsam,   Richard.  619 

Niagara    Alkali    Co.  1247 

Niagara,   Water  power  at.  609,   1119 

Nicaragua,    gold-mining    industry.  *1204 

Nicbnl,  Isaiah.  229 

Nlcol,    John    M.  1025 

.Nichols   and   Gribble.  159 

Nichols  Chem.  Co.  621 

Nichols  slime  filter.  *607 

Nicholson,  Charles  T.  683 

Nickel  and  cobalt,  Ameca  dist.  671 

.Nickel    cobalt    silver    ore,    Arsenical,    .\s- 

say.  809 

Nickel,   Mond,   Co.   plant.  •364 

Nickel,  Ontario.  970,  450,   135,  il04 

Nigeria,  Tin  mining.  813,  1299 

Nikolai   mine,   Alaska.  •1012 

Nile  Valley  Co.  925 

Mpissing,  Ont.     41,  140.  237,  286,  882,  1032, 
1075,    1175,    1220,    1279 
Nishni  Tagil,  Smelting  at.  610,  846 

Niter,   Chile.   History   and   review.  •l.S 

— Production.  Chile.  17 

-Consumption.  Germany.  195 

Nitrate    deposits.    Southern    Calif.  173 

Nitrate  of  soda.  World's  consumption.  1172 
Nitrate  position.  Chile,  etc.  246,  1211,  1261 
Nitrates,   Texas   and   Mexico.  1321 

Nivin.  W.  Mineral  resources,  Guerrero.  '672 
Noble,  A.,  Fritz   medal  presentation   to.   1212, 

1073 
Noble  plant,  Heroult,  Calif.  •269,  255,  379 
Nogalos  Altar   auto,    highway.  351 

Nome  gold  deposits.  551 

Nome  Mg.  Co.  '859.  863 

Nome-Mont.-New   Mex.    Mg.    Co.      •861,    •862. 

864 
Norfolk  &  Western   R.   R.  238.   636,  975, 

1075,  1130 
Norrie,  A.  L.,  Death  of.  1319 

North   Am.   Consol.   Hyd.    Mg.   Co.  303 

North  Am.,  Fatal  accidents  in  coal  mines 

of.  1313 

North  Am.  Sm.  &  Mines  Co.  526,  1272 

North    Rloomfield    mine,    Calif.  256 

North    liutte.     Mont. — Tuolumne    contro- 
versy :  mine  conditions,  reports.  210,  854 
— Notes.  138,    182.   530,   689,   731,   780 

Controversy   settlement.  1126 

North    Calif.    Mg.   Co.  924 

North    Dakota    lignile    tests.  1150 

North   Davidson  claims,  Ont.  931 

North,    Kdraund — Accident;   death.  33,   85 

North    Range   Co.  784 

North    Star   Mines  Co.      136,    •304,   334,   731, 
733,   926,   980,   1076,    1143,    1176 
— Cyanidlng.  401,    •409 

—  Gravity  planes.  '        1043 

— Side  dump   mine  cars.  ^1197 

— Model  for  Inclined  veins.  •  •1243 

North   Star— .larbridge  dist.  '763 

North   Tintie-Iron   Blossom.  577 

Northern  Calif.  Power  Co.  ^269 

Northern   Coal   &  Coke  Co.        •  982,   1174 

Northern   Customs   Concentrator.  1254 

Northern  Light,  P.  &  C.  Co.  738 

Northern   Light  Mg.  Co.  325 

Northern  Pacific  Ry.  Co.  1320 

Northwest  Ter..  Gcol.  explorations.  201 

Northwestern  Fuel  Co.  621 

Northwestern    Improvement    Co.  1223 

Northwestern   Metals  Co.  135 

Norway.    Iron  smelting  in.  255 

Notes,    Iveeping.  547,    1092 

Nourse  mines,  Transvaal.  105S 

Nova  Scotia  mine.  Ont.  578,  607,  799,  1229 
— Flow  sheet,   etc.,   of  mill.  •1257.   ^1292 

Nova   Scotia   Steel   &   Coal   Co.      5,   41,    236, 

1032 
Nova   Scot  Ian    Iron    &   Steel   Co.  302 

Nnwata   Co..    Mo.  2S3.    625 

Nozzle,    Alultiple.    for    revolving    screens 

on  dredges.  ^154 

Nueva  Luz  mine,  Mex.  '1310 

Nye-Purington  Co.  1276 


O 

O'Brien,  Ont.  02,   1032.   •1253,   •1293 

O'Loughlin,  C.   C.  425 

Oak  Creek  coal  dist.  1270 

Oak    Flat    mine.    Calif.  980 

Oak  Hill  Coal  &  Mg.  Co.  186,  •SBO 

Oakenfull,    .L   O.      "Brazil   In    1909."  t369 

Oates.    J.    n.      Cam  shaft    collar.  •SOS 

Oaxaca,    Coal   and   iron  explorations.  ^668 

Obalski,  .1.  "Mincralogie  Pratique."  ■t369 
Obernkirchen,  W.  F.     2  shaft.  '498 

Obligations  and   responsibilities  of  worli- 

ing  miners.  1215 

observation.  Value  of.  '    1143 

ncean    Wave   Mg.   Co.  313 

Ocher,   I'^astern    Pennsylvania.  376 

Ogden.  Louis  M.         "  425 

Ohio  &  Colo.  S.  &  R.  Co.  319 

Ohio   Cop.    Co.      14.    40.    479.    531,    577,    690. 
786,   •951.  1031.  1032,  ^1046,   1180 
— ISuddie   as   concentrator.  ^1107,    1143 

Ohio    Fuel    Supply   Co.  761 

Ohio-Keating,    Mont.  983 

Oil.      See   also   "Petroleum." 
Oil    Consumers'   Asso.,   Calif.  308 

Oil,   Extraction   from  coke  smoke.  975 

Oil   fuel   consumption,    Russia.  315 

Oil  shale  deposits.  Blue  Mtns.,  N.  S.  W.  ^407 
Oil,  Shale.  New  Brunswick.  931 

Oil,    Shale,    Scotch.  198,  .258 

Oil  wells.  Cementing  off  water  from.  250 

Oilfields,    Trinidad.    Activity    In.  212 

Oiling  loco,  wheel  flanges.  850 

Oiling,   Self,   roller.  ^1048 

Oilkington,   C.      L)rop-shatt  sinking.  •OlS 

Ojibway    mine.    Mich.  784 

Oke.   .\.   L.      Simple  charcoal  oven.  '252 

—Standards    of    work.       302,    441,    541,    588, 

589 
— How  to  erect  3-leg  shears.  ^399 

— ^Framing  rough  timbers.  ^544 

—  Simple  car  loading  arrangement.  •.593 
— I'seful  pump  formula.  896 
-—Method  for  sawing  lumber.  ^952 
<lklahoma.  Labor  conditions  in.  568 
Okla.  petroleum  deal.  187 
Okla.  State-owned  mines  wanted.  1120 
Old  Dominion  Cop.  Co.  301,  363,  622.  878 
Old  .Mexico  M.  &  S.  Co.  237,  601 
Oliver.  Edward  Letts.  85 
Oliver,  Frank.  278 
Oliver  continuous  filter.  ^411,  401 
Oliver   Iron   Mg.   Co.   ore   washery.               ^712 

—  Safety  appliances.  998 
Ontario,  Accidents  by  explosives.  1118 
Ontario  Bureau  of  Mines  report.  931 
Ontario  magnetites.  Concentration.  1312 
Ontario,    mineral   production,    1909.  970 

—  In  1910.  135.  450,  1104 
Ontario  mining-company  statistics.  1097 
Ontario,  Natural  gas.  35,  1099.  1123 
Ontario.  Northern,  water  power.  1163 
Ontario,  Western,  Ore  deposits.  325 
Ontario  mine,  Utah.     332,  684,  685,  930,  984, 

1032 
Ontario  tunnel,   Utah.  285,   303,  474,   627 

Ooregum   gold   mine,   India.  219 

Open-cut  mining,  etc.,   Cananea.      ^914,   •963. 

1193 
Openings.   Two.   for  mines.  606 

Opex   mine,   Utah.  91,  285.  1277 

Ophelia   tunnel,  Colo.  426,   1074 

Ophir  Gold   M.   &  M.   Co.  1323 

Ophir  mine,  Ont.  531.  532 

Oploca   Co.,   Bolivia.  ^1262 

Opohongo  mine.  LTtah.  40,  737.  1127,  1277 
Orange    river    colony.    Diamonds.  314 

Ordonez,  E.     Iron  resources,  Mex.  665 

Zomelahuacan  mines.  ^1017 

Ore.       See    also    "Bin,"    "Chute,"    "Sam- 
pler," etc. 
Ore  bucket.  Mineville.  •SOO 

Ore   bunkers,   etc.,   Gelsenkirchen.  *902 

Ore  car,   Wooden,   Prospectors'.  ^592 

Ore  chute.  Steel,  for  high-grade  slopes.  706 
Ore  Concentration  Co.   (of  1905).  590 

Ore  deposits.  Western  Ontario.  325 

Ore  developed.   Estimating.  103 

Ore  feeder.   Traveling-belt.  ^951 

Ore  feeders.   Bunker  Hill  &  Sul.  ^350 

Ore  fines  and  flue  dust.  .Vgglomerating.  •SI  4 
Ore  grade,  price  of  product,  etc.  494,  947 

"Ore   Mining   Methods."  t277 

Ore  mixing.   Teziutlan  smeltery.  ^170 

Ore  reserves.   Matter  of  reporting.  1237 

Ore  schedules.   Colo.,   discussed.  1009 

Ore  stealing,   Ont.  35,   87,   333 

Ore   stealing  methods.    Australia.  893 

Orebodies.       Low-grade      and      irregular. 

Sampling.  750 

Oregon.  Coal   mining  in   1909.  1316 

Oregon   Iron  &  Steel  Co.  173 

Oregon,   Mines  of.  126 

Oregon  mine,  Idaho.  981 

Orelands  Mg.  Co.  280 

iirford   Cop.   Co..   New   chimney.  268 

Oriental    Consol.  141,    579,    1081 

Report.  903.  1001 

Oriental    Oil   Co.  274 

Original   Consol.,    Mont.  38.   1144 

Self-dumping   skip;    skip    loader.    ^58,    *'20'.i 
Original  mine.  Mont.,  .\naconda's.  2.S0 

Orliarvi  Shaft  Co.  249 

Ord  Grande  group,  Calif.  1320 


PAGE 

Oro  Grande  Mg.   Co.,  Mex.  723 

Oronogo  Circle   Mg.   Co.              157.  530,   1324 
Oroville  dredges.   Injunctions   against.        303 

Orsk   Goldflelds,    Kolchan   placer.  1202 
Orson.    W.    W.      Mining   and   smelting    in 

Colo.  1143 
Osborne  tube  mill  lining.  ^250 
Osceola.  .Mich.  38,  254 
Otavia  coi)per  ore.  198 
Otlsse Currie,  Ont.  1229 
Outlakoff.  Alexander.  181 
Otis.  T.  E.  425 
Otlsse  mine,  Ont.  480 
Ouray  county.  Colo.,  production.  981 
Oven.  Charcoal,  Simple,  in  Andes.  ^252 
Oversight  mine.  Mex.  •404 
Owens  Valley.  Earthquake  In.  t570 
Oxygen,  Loss  of,  in  hydraulic  air  com- 
pression. 508 
Ozark    Interstate   Exposition.  637 


Pabst  mine.  Mich. 

Pachonas  group,   Mex. 

Pachuca,    American    miners    of, 

Pachuca,  I-^ree  baths  at. 

Pachuca,   Igneous  rocks  of. 

Pachuca   tanks.   Continuous   agitation 


1097 

527 

571 

667 

671 

in. 

213,  •307 

•273,  274 

1080,   1151 

108O 

180,   972 

882 

1125 

33 


Pacific  Coal  &  Oil  Co. 
Pacific  Coast  Coal  Co. 
Pacific  Coast  Coal  Mines.  Ltd. 
Pacific  coast  fuel.  Navy  to  test. 
I'aciflc  Metals  Co. 
Pacific  Mines  Corp. 
Pacific  N.  W.  Soc.  of  Eng. 
Pacific  Smg.  &  Mg.  Co.  237,  662,  691,  738. 
895,  932,  1081,  1220 
Packard,  G.  A.  Lode-claim  location.  1290 
Paddock.  C.  H.  Will  mining  be  re- 
stimulated  in  Colo.'/ 
Pahaquarry    Cop.    Co.  ' 

Pahasa   Mg.   Co. 

Paint,    Mud,   San   Francisco   bay. 
Paint  ores,  eastern  Penn. 
Palau    explosion    from    blowu-out    shot. 
Pallister,   Hugh  D. 
I'almarejo  mine.   Steel  rope   for. 
Palmarejo   &   Mex.   Goldflelds. 
Palmilla  mine,  Parral,  Mex.,  conditions. 
— Notes. 

Palmilla    Milling   Co. 
Panama  canal   resolutions. 
Panama,    Mining   in. 
Panel   system,   Brazil    Block   Coal    Co. 
Panuco   mines.   Mex. 
Paracale  Gold   Dredging  Co. 
Paradise  Valley  Railway. 
I'aragon  Kaolin  Co. 
I'ark    City    merger.  684,    737, 


532,   65; 


i'arker,  E.  W. 

— On  coal   briquetting. 

Parker  mine.  N.  J. 

Parks    electro-cyaniding   tests. 

Parks   mine,  Georgia. 

Pattison.  W.   H..   Death  of. 

Parrot   mine,    Mont. 

I'arsons,   A.    B.      Zinc-dust  feeder 

Parsons.    F.    W.      Comparative   merits   of 

coal-mining   investments. 
— Vital  facts  pertaining  to  coal   mining. 


1240 

1078 

315 

444 

376 

853 

571 

•657 

324 

•259 

932 

985 

1051 

226 

•872 

835 

877 

65 

1179 

984,    1032. 

1080,   1228 

211 

614 

91 

1243 

137 

1025 

5.30.    928 

•447.   894 


— The  present   fuel   situation. 
-Coal   luining.   Southern   Indiana. 
Parting  bath. 

Partings    in   coal   miiu\    .\rrangement. 
I'asco.   L.     El  Chico  disl. 
I'assaic   Steel   Co. 

Patambo  Mg.  Co.  672, 

I'atents.  New.     228,  424,  618,  874.  1072, 
I'atio  process,  Tlie. 
I'altisonizlng  process,   Hulst. 
I'avlak    ('0.,    Nov.  •763, 

Payne,'  Edw.    F..   Death   of. 
Payne.  II.  M.     Coal  mg.  plant,  Wyo. 
'■    Coal   mining,   vertical  seam. 
-    .\mcrican   lougwall  mining  methods.   * 


Pcabody   Coal   Co. 

Peak,  H.  G.     Dredge  drawing. 

Pealc.   S.    I!.,    Death   of. 

Pearson,   F.    S.,   Interests,    Mex. 

i'earson,    S.,   &   Son.   Ltd. 

Pearson.   Sir  Weatman. 

Peat,   t'anadian    experiments.      1 


Peat   di'posits.    Irisli.   Utilization. 
I'eat    Society,    American. 
Pedrazzlni,       Minas,       operations, 

Arizpe,  Sonora. 
Peele.   Robert. 

—  "Compressed    Air    Plant." 
pelaw.    N.    S.   W.,   reservoir. 
Pell.   S,    H.  P. 
Pender.    Col.   J.   W. 
Pender.    .lohn. 

Penn.    Bar   Asso.— Accidents. 
Penn.   chief  inspector's   report. 
Penn.    Coal   Co.      524,   SS4,    1190, 
Penn.  Coal  Co.,  Ark.,  explosion. 
Pouu.  Coal  &  Coke  Co. 
Penn.    coalfields,    Foreign    labor. 
Penn.-Corbln  Co. 


654, 


1071, 


1199, 


80 


32 

128. 

589 
•773 
•860 
•707 
».S24 

642 
1299 
•674 
1318 
•958 
•853 
1258 

875 
•224 
•469 
1020. 
1093 

832 
•766 

472 
•675 
1287 

472 
6S5, 
1270 

569 

254 

'1105 

133 

1220 

•205 

730 

286 

229 

180 

569 

1215 

1151 

337 

468 

•354 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Penn.,   Eastern.    Paint   ores.  376 

Penn.   miners  to  be  taught  English.  ISO 

Penn.    R.    R. — Tonnage.  23S 

— Car   distribution   decision.  .599 

— Noble's    tunnel    construction    work.  1*213 

Penn.   Smg.   Co.   vs.   western   railroads.  10.5 

Penn.   State   College.  730 

PeunWyoming  Cop.  Co.  182 

Pennwood   Coal   Co.  626 

Peiioles   company,    Mex.,   report.  902 
Pension    funds,    German    miners'.      867,    900. 

956,  1007 

Pensions    for    Steel    Corp.    employees.  1208 

Pentland.  W.   J.  S3 

Percolation   apparatus.    Experimental.  •802 

Perkins  and   Requa  sintering  process.  •163 

Perkins,   T.   N.  425 

Perpigna,   J.  de.  377 

Perry,  R.  S.     Cyanide  poisoning.  1193,  1092. 

1047 
Pern,  American  women  in  mountains. 
Peru,  Bedded  quartz  veins  near  Poto. 


223 
>597, 

799 
1103 

576 
•180 
1030 
1229 
1275 


Peru,    Mineral   production. 

Peru   Steel  Ore  Co. 

Peters  coke-oven  door. 

Petersburg  Co.,  Okla. 

Peterson   Lake  Co.,  Ont.  578. 

Petrel  Gold  Co. 

Petroleum.     See  also  "Oil." 

Petroleum,   Ala.,   near  Fayette.  65 

Petroleum  and  coal — Conflicting  rights.     829 

Petroleum,    Burma.  991 

Petroleum,    Burmese    and    American,    in 

India.  1114 

Petroleum,    Calif.      34.    tl27,    279,    526,    549, 

841,    924,    978,    1026,    1074,    1122, 

1154,   1222,    1272,    1317 

— Notes  from  oilfields,  oil  situation,  etc.  308, 

449.   591,    ^807 
— Well  79,  Am.  Oilfields.  ^443 

— Dividends.      153.    303,    550,    750,    807,    996, 

1248 
— Oil   men's  meetings.  396,    827 

— Prices.  '497,   853,   949 

— Pinchot  advocates  leasing.  710 

— Influence   on   Alaska   coal.  1238 

Petroleum,    Crude,    Products    of.  518 

Petroleum,   etc.,  exports.   Six  months.         195 
Petroleum,   111.,   in    1909.  1052 

Petroleum  lands.   Ballinger   report   on.      1151 
Petroleum    lands.    Exploration    of.  1252 

Petroleum    lands.    Location    of.  439.    449 

■Petroleum  lands — Mining  Congress.     710,  756 
Petroleum    lands,    Pres.    Taft    on.      496,    947. 

1198 
Petroleum,    La.,   property   purchase. 
Petroleum,  Mex. — Free  imports. 
— The    Mexican    oilfields.      *646,    671 


1200 

664 

1104, 

1181 
187 

1006 
969 
427 
957 
69,  823 
506 
428 
549 


Petroleum,   Okla.,   deal. 

Petroleum,    Syria,    Exploitation 

Petroleum — Texas    Co. 

Petroleum,  Utah  developments. 

Petroleum,    Washington. 

Petroleum,   West   Va.,   notes. 

Petroleum.  Venezuela. 

Phelps-Dodge  interests. 

— In   Rock   Is.   R.   R. 

Phila.  &  Reading. 

— Report. 

Phillips,  L.     Life  of  Rand  mines. 

Phillips,  William  B. 

— Shatter     silver     dist.,      Presidio 

Tex. 
— Nitrate  deposits. 
Philippines,    Coal   consumption. 
Philippines  notes. 
Philippines — Southwestern   Luzon. 
Phillips,   James,   ,Ir. 
Phillips.   W.    B.      Texas  iron   ore. 
Phosphate  deposits,  Syrian. 
Phosphate  deposits.  Western. 
Phosphate  fields,  Ida..  Utah,  Wyo. 
Phosphate  lands.  Western.  Location 
Phosphate   lands.   Withdrawal   of.      496.   1198 
Phosphate-rock    region,    northern    Mex.         329 
Phosphate,   Tunis,    Exports. 
Phosphates,  German  imports. 
Pickands  Mather  club  house. 
— Mine  signal  switches. 
Piedmont   Tin   Mg.   Co. 
Pierce,  W.  L.,  Death  of 
Pig  Iron.     See  "Iron." 
Pike  Collieries  Co. 
Pllbarlte — Radium  mineral. 
PlUar-cavIng  system,  Cananoa. 
Pillar  drawing,   Pittsburg  seam. 
Pillars,   Robbing,  anthracite  region. 
Pillars,  To  get  thickness  of. 
Plllev's  Island  Pyrites  Co. 
Pilot  Butte  Mg.  Co. 
Pinchot,   G.,  at  Mining  Congress. 
— On  Alaska  lands. 
PInguIco   mill. 

Pins.  Worn,  for  dredge  buckets. 
Pioche  consolidation. 
Pioneer  Consol.,  Nev. 
Pipe  classifier.  Bunker  IIIII  &  Sul. 
Pipe  conduit,  Concrete. 
Pipe,  Steam,  and  truss,  combined. 
Pipe.  Steam,  Curing  leak  In. 
Pipes  as  part  of  electric  circuits. 
Pipes,   Support  for. 
PItot   tubes.    Clamp   for   holding. 


881,  929,  1190.  1199 
853 
543 
683 

CO., 

•1303 

1321 

276 

877 

t778 

1073 

1100 

376 

819 

87 

-52 


S 

243 

1160 

1195 

626 

1221,   1271 

1278 

893 

•963 

•521 

1215 

872 

•361 

688 

710 

1238 

968 

61 

1179 

333 

•304 

•1148 

•400 

•540 

1046 

•1000 

•1197 


Pittsburg  coal   agreement.  179 

Pittsburg  Coal  Co.  32,  235,  238,  *523,  929 
Pittsburg  Consol.,  Utah.  431 

Pittsburg    Engineering    Agency.  1221 

Pittsburg-Idaho.  381 

Pittsburg  Lead  Co.  1177 

Pittsburg  &  Mt.   Shasta.  893 

Pittsburg  &  Salt  Lake  Oil  Co.  231 

Pittsburg  seam.    Systematic   development 

in.  ^521 

Pittsburg-Silver  Peak.  ^398 

Pittsburg  Steel  Co.  1084 

Pittsburg,    University    of.  133,    377 

Placer  claims,  Alaska — A  bill.  1250 

Placer  deposits.  Alaska.  551 

Placer,    Kolchan,    Orsk    Goldflelds.  1202 

Placer  mining.  Alaska,  in  1909.  '*412 

Placeres   del   Oro  dIst.  672 

Plalnfleld   Mining  Co.  507 

Planes,  Gravity.  Cheever  mine.  "752 

Planes.   Gravity.    Grass   valley.  1043 

Planillas.   The  Mexican.  '353 

Plate  and  sheet  production.  1309 

Platform    for    shaft    repairing.  '1242 

Platinum.    Hard    and    refined.  542 

Platinum.  The  course  of.  S92.  1090 

Piatt.    James    M.  730 

Plein  Gold  Mg.  &  Dredging  Co.  S64 

Plomosas  Co..  Mex.  92.  532 

Plumas-Eureka,  Calif.  184 

Plumb.    C.    H.      Joplin   dist.  894 

Plumbing,    Shaft.       3,    153,    252,    •753,    1044, 

•1209 
Plumbism — Lead   poisoning.  113,   1061 

Plunger,   Jig,   Doubledee.  'oOS 

Plymouth    camp,    Calif.  1222 

Plymouth  Coal  Co.  330.  1117 

Pocahontas  C.  &  C.  Co.  873 

Pockets,  Skip.  Bunker  Hill  mine.  '137 

Pockman,  L.  T.     Arteaga  dist.  *656 

Poderosa  mine,   etc.,  Peru.  •SOS.   799 

Poisoning.     See  "Cyanide,"  "Lead,"  "Ex- 
plosives." 
Pokegame   lake   iron    region.  1029 

Pole.   Gin,   Built-up.  •306,    707 

Polhemus,  M.  827 

Pomerantzeff,    B.       Smelting     at     Nlshnl 

Tagil  846 

Poole  Eng.  &  Machine  Co.  •218.   772 

Poole.   Geo.,   Death   of.  730 

Pope.   James   E.  1085 

Porcupine,  Ont..  New  goldflelds.  '1296 

—Various  notes.     56.  2S0.  333.  379.  732.  834. 
845.   877,   895,   925,   1032.   1175.   1223 
— Preliminary   report.  221 

— Notes  on  geology  :   map.  ^348 

Porcupine  Gold   Mines  Co..   Ont.  432.   738 

Porcupine   Gold    Milling   Co..   Ont.  1229 

Porcupine  Mine  Owners'  Asso.  474 

Porcupine  Power  Co..   Ltd.  1032.   1129 

Porcupine  mine.  Alaska.  380 

Porcupine  G.  M.  Co..  Alaska.  412 

Porphyry  coppers,   The.  5.   103.   316.    S43. 

1090,    1161 
Porphyry  cop.   ores.   Prospecting.  1055 

Port  Henry  Iron  Ore  Co.  •leS,  •SOO,  •1148 
Port  Henry,  Bell  wiring  at.  '545 

Porter,  H."  P.  1319 

Porter,  J.  B.     Coal  tests.  617 

Porter.  John  Jermain.  229 

Portland   Alaska   Gold   Dr.   Co.  864 

Portland  Canal  dist.,  B.  C.  ^451 

— .\nd  Sheep  creek.  104 

—Notes,  etc.  140,  280.  548,  781.  882.  1027 
Portland  Canal  Mg.  Co.  1027 

Portland   Cement  Co..   Calif.  622 

Portland   Gold    Mg.   Co.      86,   230.   332.    •720. 
1077.   1125,   1177,    1276 
Postal  banks  for  mining  camps.  1154 

Potash  industry,  Austria.  722.  1087,  1263 
Potash   salts   discovery,   Austria.  486 

Potash    salts    question ;     relations     with 

Germany.  1089.    1249,   98.   633 

Potassium    cyanide,    Spurious :    commer- 
cial. 4.  200 
Poto.  Peru.  Bedded  gold  quartz  veins.     ^597. 

799 
PotoniS.     H.        "Entstehung    der     Steln- 

kohle."  t570 

PotosI  mine.  Nev.  1308 

Pouglikeepsie    bridge    coal    traffic.  1230 

Powder.   Black,  Use  in  coal   mines.  974 

Powder   storage   underground.  707 

Powder,   Use   of  holes   In.  1145 

Power     developments.     Rand,     to     offset 

labor  scarcity.  1298 

Power  house.  Clonan  shaft.  MInevllle.  •I  65 
Power  stations.  Colliery — Vital  facts.  128 
Power.    Tubemill.    EI   Oro.  1243 

Pratt  Consol.  Coal  Co.  1280 

Pratt.  L.   R.      Mfr.   of  metallic  tungsten 

and    ferro-tungsten.  959 

Precious  stones.   Tf.   S.    Imports.  808 

Precipitate  treatment  Cyanide  practice.  857 
Precipitation   with   aluminum  dust.  •1256 

Premier  Diamond  Mg.  Co.  153,  503,  1198 

Presidio  co..  Tex.,  sliver  dist.  •1303 

Pressure  Influence  on  rocks.  597 

Prestea  Block  A  mine.  114 

Preston   Claim,   Ont.  1279 

Price,  H.  B.  229 

Prices  In  catalogs.  395 

Priming  with  electric  fuse.  156 

Primos   Chemical  Co.  1275 


r.\GE 
Primrose,   J.   S.   G.      Fume   filtration   for 

production  of  pure  spelter.  ^415 

Prince  Albert   mine,   Colo.  89 

Princeton  Cement  Co.,  B.  C.  479 

Prior.   W.   S.,   Death  of.  181 

Pritchett,  C.  W.  334 

Probert,    F.    H.       Deep    mining,    Guana- 
juato dist.  •1310' 
Professional  ethics,   Matter  of.  1287 
Profits,    Increasing,    and    reducing   costs. 

1251,  1240 
Progreso  Mg.  Co.,   Baja  Calif.  168,  1181 

Promontorio   mine.   Chihuahua,   Mex.  654 

Promoters,  Law  as   to.  1299 

Proprietary   Mines   Co.   of  Am.  •1310. 

Prospect    drilling.    Underground,    Joplin 

dist.  157 

"Prospects,"  Why  many  remain  un- 
developed. 844 
Prospecting.  Churn-drill.  Miami.  ^804 
Prospecting  disseminated  cop.  ores.  1033 
Prospecting,  The  decline  of.  247,  1010 
Prospectors,  "MinSralogie  Pratique"  for.  t369 
Prosser,  W.  C.     Tungsten,  San  Juan  co., 

Colo.  •320 

Protecting  investors   by  exposing  mining 

frauds.  1157 

—Note.  ■  1074 

Providence.  Ky..  mine  explosion.  1151,  1170 
Providence  Oil  &  Gas  Co.  65,  88,  528 

Provincial   mine,   Ont.  1081 

Prunty,  S.  C,  Death  of.  1271 

Prunty.   S.   H.  571 

Powell.  L.  W.  133 

Publicity.   Progress   in.  748 

Puertocitas   mine.   Mex.  •402,  966 

Pulaski   Iron  Co.  127S 

Pulley.    Belt.   Repairing.  ^1172 

Pulp    distributor.    Kidney.  •1046 

Pump  formula.  Useful.  896 

Pump,  Motor-driven,  deep  salt  mine.  1245 
Pump  station,  Leonard  mine,  Butte.  •40O 
Pumpherston  Oil  Co.  258 

Pumping  by   compressed   air.  •848 

Pumping  out  flooded  mines.  639 

Pumping   problem.   Candelaria   mines.  65S 

Pumping  with  mine  eductors.  ♦Sgs 

Pumps.    Centrifugal.    Design    of.  ^1216 

Pumps,   started   by   divers.  1174,   1320 

Purington,  C.  W.     Kolchan  placer.  1202 

Purple.  C.  D.,  Death  of.  1121 

Purseglove   Coal  Co.  285 

Putnam.   D.   G.      Proposed   simplification 

of  cyanide  process.  948 

Puxico  Iron   Co.  734 

Pyramid   stoping  at   Cananea.  '965 

Pyrite  deposits.  Newfoundland.  •360- 

Pyrite  deposits,  western  Ontario.  323 

Pyrite  smelting  and  sulphuric  acid  mfr.  •SSS 
Pyrite  smelting.   Necessity   of   free  silica 

in.  1097,  1144 

Pyrolusite,  Uses  of.  1066 

Pyrometer,    Radiation,    Brown.  •129S 


Qualey.  J.  S.  and  Chas.  •Sll 

Quartette  Mg.  Co.,  Nev.  558 

— Report.  13i:> 

Quebec — Chibogamou    exploration.  732 

Quebec.    Chromite  :    mica.  155,    164 

Quebec,  Graphite  mining.  813,  1249 

Quebec  Mines  &  Metal  Co.  141,  1327 

Quebec.    Telluride   ore    In.  1104 

Queen    Charlotte   Collieries.  1024 

Queen   mine.    Rhodesia.  724 

Queen-Yellowstone.   B.   C.  1080 

Queensland.  Mining  legislation.  448 

Quemahoning  Coal  Co.  285 

Quenner   dry-pulverizing   machine.  ^652 

Questions  and   answers.      248.   395,   442,   54'2, 
590,  751.   S47,   1145,   1241 
Quicksilver.  Calif.  37S 

Quicksilver  determination.  James  ap- 
paratus for.  '800 
Quicksilver  mineral.  New.  598 
Quicksilver  near  Murray,  Ida.  186 
Quinan,  Wm.  R.,  Death  of.  6S3 
Quincy   Mg.   Co.                                254,   624,   982 


Radprsh\irg  dist.,  Mont.,  Geology.  599 

Radford,   W.   H.  85 

Radium.   Austria-Hungary.  442 

Radium   from   Cornwall.  1252 

Radium.   Idaho.  39 

Radium    mineral — Pllbarlte.  893 

Radium.   Pure.  600 

Ragged  Chutes  hydraulic  plant.  ,59 

Rail  bender,  McGlil.  'ISn 

Rail   prices.   Is  there  a  cut?  300 

Ralls.    Method    for   unloading.  592 

Ralls.   Steel.   Old,   not  scrap.  159 

Railroad.   Arlzona-Sonora.   New.  ♦368,   441 

Railroad   coal   combine.   W.   Va.  775 

Railroad  Into  Colo,  coalfields.  908 

Railroad      lands      and      mining  claims, 

Calif.  309 

Railroad   lands  classification,   Calif.  1151 

Railroads — Anthracite    trust.  1190,    1199 

Railroads,   Western,    Penn.   Smg.  Co.  vs.      105 

Railway      haulage.      American,  French 

view.  1170 

Railways.  Automatic,  Cheever  mine.  ^444 


INDEX 


I'AGi; 
ICainlxjw   mine.  Ore.  *>2tJ 

Rambler  Cariboo,  B.  C.  286,  479,  787.  i;i2ii 
Itamsay,  C.  C.  85 

Ramsey.    Krskine.  3.T 

— Sprays  at  Banner   mine.  3*J7 

Itand.    See  also    "Transvaal,"  "Drill,"   etc. 
Rand   and   Hliodesia.    Small   mines.  l.'idO 

Rand,   ('vanide   plants   on.  •llo 

Itand.  Cyanide  developments.  •549,  797,  894 
Rand   dist.,   Calif.,    tnngsten.  904 

Rand  drill.   History   of.  12 

Rand.    Kuture   policy   on.  251 

Rand.    Interesting  data  of  mines.  2<!."i 

Itand   mines.   Electrleity   for.  704 

Kand    mines.   Life  of.  543 

Rand   Mines,  Ltd.  265 

Rand.    Mining  ethics   on.  818 

Rand,   Mining  returns,  half  year.  1058 

Rand    power    developments.  1298 

Rand.  Tube-mill  linings  on.  '250 

Randall.  A.  Z.     liest  material  for  stamp 

mill  parts.  1144 

Randfontein  Central  G.  M.   Co.  mill.  etc. 

•970.   1058 
Ranft.  William  Q.  472 

Rathbon  Reduction  Wks.  931 

Raven.   Mont.  234,  928 

Rawhide   mine,   Calif.  684,   734 

Rav   Central.  Ariz.  36,   830,   1224,    1322 

-    Its  affairs.  844 

Rav   Consol.   Cop.   Co.     4.   184.  232.  363,  528, 
830,  843,  878,  1076,  1274 
—Report.  761 

Raymond,   Percy   E.  133 

Raymond.   R.  W.     Good  faith   in   mining 

locations.  159 

— Fritz  medal  presentation  to  A.  Noble.  1212 
Read.    H.   I,awrence.   Death  of.  278 

Read.   Thomas   T.  229 

Ready   Bullion   mine,   Alaska.  9 

Real  del  Monte.  Mex.  667.  968.  1129 

Receiver.    Vacuum,    for    solutions.  *592 

Reciprocity.      Canadian      coal      operators 

oppose.  1024 

Red    Boy   mine.   Ore.  1325 

Red    lights   to  mark    winzes.  707 

Red   Mtn.  dist.,  Colo.  473.   798 

Red    Star    mine.   Calif.  1323 

Red  Warrior.  Utah.  ■236.  285,  431,  983.  1325 
Redjang  Lebong  mine.  Dutch  E.  Indies.  76 
Reducing   mining    costs    and 

profits. 
Rees.   Wm.   D..   Death   of. 
Reese.   .Tohn   P. 

Reeves. Dobie   mine.    Ont.      35, 
Reforma  M.   &  M.  Co. 
Refuge  chambers  In  coal  mines. 
Refugio  mine,   Mex. 
Regeneration.   Acid.    In   electrolysis. 
Reheater.   Electric. 
Reins  Copper  Co. 
Reliance.  S.  D. 

Reminiscences.   Early   Mexican. 
Repair  work   in  colliery  practice. 
Repath.   C.    IT.      Intern'l   smeltery. 
Reports,   Company.   Unsatisfactory. 
Reporting   ore   reseiTes.   Matter   of. 
Republic   mine.    Mich. 
Republic   group.   N.   M. 
Republica    mine,    ('hihnabua.      655. 
Requa  and   Perkins  sintering  process. 
Rescue.    Mine,    provisions.   R.    C.         201 


Rescue  station   in   Ala.      330,   132,  527, 


increasing 

1251,    1240 
278 
923,  1025 
188,    432,    ^74 
673 
•419,  32 
532 
•1062 
•395 
337 
736 
913 
•1171 
•1059 
1240 
1237 
1049 
313 
738.    1081 
•163 
1024 
569. 
920 
•176,   1024 
W.    Vs., 
132,   427,   920 
1208 


1024 
467 


83,   920,    1219 
422 


Steptoe 


•266 
•205 


Rescue  stations.  Illinois. 
Rescue    stations.    Okla.,    Ind., 

Wllkes-Barre. 
Rescue  stations.   T.ist   of. 
Re.scue  stations.  Portable. 
Rescue   systems.    Gt.    Britain. 
Rescue   work   after   exjiloslon. 
Rescue  work.    Indiana. 
Rescue  work.    Brit.   Govt,   and 
Reservoirs.  Construction  of. 
Reservoirs.    Reinforced-concrete. 
Reverheratorv      ash.      Burning, 

plant.  "       1302 

Re.iall,   Colo.  1276 

Rhodesia  and   Rand,   Small   mines.  1300 

Rhodesia  geological  survey.  627 

Rhodesia.   Gold  mining   Industry.        724,    119S 
Rhodesia,   Production.  237,  314,   1247 

Rib  drawing.    Pittsburg   seam.  ^521 

Rice.  Claude  T.  619 

— Labor  and  tonnage  chart.  '754 

— Kidney  pulp  distributor.  ^1046 

— Buddie  as  concentrator  of  cop.  slimes. 

•1107.  1143 
— Value  of  geological   work  In   limestone 

regions.  1161 

— Side-dump  mine  car.  ^1197 

— Revised  flow  sheet.  Utah  Cop.   mill.     •1264 
— Fast  driving.   Goldfleld   Consol.  1246 

Rice.    Geo.      Cement    bearings. 
Rice,    Geo.    Graham. 
Rice.  G.   S.     Refuge  chambers. 
— Coal-dust    exploslblllty. 
Richards.  .Joseph  W. 
Richards.    W.    C.      Mining  turntable 
Richardson's   Manual,   Mex.   I, aw. 
Richmond   Iron   Wks.  mines,  Mass. 
Richmond  I''ureka    Mg.    Co.    report. 
Ricketts.  I,.  D.     Cananea  Consol.  In  1909.     70 
— Errors,   mine  sampling.  316 

RIes,  H.     "Economic  Geology."  t976 


1197 
709 

•419 
616 

1121 

•305 

tl220 

123 

1052 


I'AUK 

Rillle   or  samplers,  Accuracy  of.  62 

Righler  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  1128 

Riley.  Geo.  F..  Death  of.  377 

Rio  del   Oro  properties,   Mci.  672 

Rio  Plata  Mg.  Co.  655,  657 

Bio  Tinto  Co.,   Ltd.,   report.  852 

Rio  Tinio  Cop.  Co..  Cleveland.  284 

Rio  Tinio,  Chihuahua.  .Mex.  532 

Rio  Tlnto.  Zacatecas.  Mex.  883 

Rist.  G.  A.,  .Tr..  Death  of.  425 

Rlter.  G.  W.     Lode  <laim  location.  1193 

Rlttlnger  sieves.  27,   199 

Riverside  Metal  Co.  357 

Roasting.      See    also     "Furnace,"  "Zinc 

ore."  etc. 
Roasting.   Blast,  and  sintering  plant.        •SIO 
Roasting,    Blast,     of     sulphides.     Recent 

progress.  •SI  7 

Roasting  blende,  Zellweger  kilns.  •502 

Roasting  concentrate,  Braden  Cop.  Co.       214 


Robbins.    Francis   L. 

Roberts   Chemical   Co. 

Roberts.   D.    P. 

Roberts,    George    E. 

Roberts,    Milnor. 

Roberts.  T.  M. 

Robertson,  Frank,  Death  of. 

Robertson.  J.   IL,   tin  furnace. 

Robertson,  W.  F.     B.  C.  report 

Robinson.  Cyrus. 

— Slime  filter. 

Robinson.  J.  T 


Robinson  mine,  Transvaal. 
Robinson  Deep,  Transvaal 


Tex.  mineral  law. 

•549,  640, 


425 

1247 

571 

494,  525 

85,  •920 

181 

525 

•1056 

257 

•109 

•258 

541 

r97. 


251, 


951,  124.T 
307,  ^549, 
723,  819 
578,  1129 
1293 


Rochester   mine.    Ont. 
Rochester   &   Pitts.      C.   &  I.   Co. 
Rochester- Wyoming   asbestos  company.        559 
Rock  drill.      See   ■Drill." 

Rock  Island,  Phelps.  Dodge  &  Co.  In.  549 

Rogers,    A.    H.       Cyanide    poisoning.         1092. 

1047.   1103 
Rogers-Brown    iron    Co.      280,    575,    624,   S24, 
1013,   1029,  1126,  1214 
Rogers,  .John  I.  1121 

Rogue  River  I)redglng  Co.  576 

Roll,  Steel,  shells.  Heavy.  917 

Roll.   Steel,   shells,   Cobalt  Cent.  •444 

Rolls,   Improved,   Miami  Cop.   Co.  313 

Roller.  Self-oiling.  ^1048 

Rombauer   Coal    Co.    methods.      •1021,   •1022. 

1093 
Roof-fall,   accidents   numerous.  1071 

Roof  settlement  control,  Pittsburg  seam.  ^521 
Room-and-pillar  data,   Brazil   Block   Coal 

Co.  ^871 

Roosevelt   tunnel,   Colo.      34,   351,   473,   1074, 
1104,   1174,  1222,   1323 
Rope.     See  also  "Cable."  "Tramway." 
Ropes.   Flat   hoisting— Note.  1091 

Ropes.   Hoisting — Committee  report.  603,  600 
Rosales  mine,    Mex.  189 

Rosario  mine.   Chihuahua.  Mex.  579,  655 

Rosario,  Jalisco.   Mex.  883 

Rose.    Ludwig.  181 

Rosebud  mine.  Coio.  182 

Itosenberger.    W.    B.      Gin   pole.  'SOe,   707 

Ross.  F.  A.     Spurious  potassium  cyanide.       4 
Rosse.  .\nton.  89 

Rothwell.   J.   E.      Slime  agitator.  ^206 

Round   Mtn.   .Mg.  Co.      39,  87,  284,  929,   1126 
Rowland.   R.   II.     Use  of  coal-cutting  ma- 
chinery, •loe" 
Roy.  A.     Indifference  to  mining  laws.  4 
—  Coal  mining  in  Mex. 
Royal   Westmount  mine.  Ont. 
Ruby    King  mine.   Calif. 
Rudolph.  Theodore. 
Rules.    Coroner's   jury   suggests. 
Russell.  H.  Y. 

Russia,    Coal,    Statlsdcal    results. 
Russia,    Copper    production. 
Russia,    Copper.    Transbaikal. 
Russia.    I'^uel    oil   consumption. 
Russia.  Gold. 
Russia,   Iron. 
Russia,   ,J.    H.   Hammond    In. 


480, 
1025. 
1200, 


822 
92 

574 

571 
1117 

619 

776 
1019 

414 

315 
1247 
1037 
1121, 
1319 

376 
1202 

610 
1242 

619 


Russia — Manganese,   Caucasus. 
Russia.  Orsk  Goldfields. 
Russia  -Smelting.    Nishnl   Tagll. 
Rust  remover. 
Ryan.   E.   P. 

S 

Sabinas  Coal  Co.  1317 

"Safeguards    for    the    Prevention    of    In- 
dustrial  .\ccldents."  t277 
Safeguarding  coal   miners,   Colo,  plans.      1218 
.Safely    -.\ccident     committee    report.         601. 

587 
Safety  appliances.  Oliver  Iron  Mg.  Co.  998 
Safely  chambers   in  coal   mines.  32,   •419 

Safely   in   coal   mines.  326 

Safeiv     In     mines     and     mills— Goldfleld 

Consol.  2,   11 

Safely   lamps.     See  "Lamps." 
Safety   laws,   Ind.,   Proposed.  921,  1273 

Safety   laws  proposed   for  coal   mines.  84 

SalTord,  G.     "Who's  Who  In  Mining."        tl27 
Salinnrlpa  dist..  Revival  In.  661 

Saliiiayncan  camp.  Mex.  655 

St.   .\ndreasberg  works.  Germany.  347 

St.   DIzler,   J.   I,.  619 


VAC.K 

St.    Ives   Consol.    Mines.  1'252 

St.   .loseph   Lead   Co.  318,   1178 

St.    Louis   CO.,    .Minn.,    report.  781 

St.   Louis  M.  &  M.  Co.  929 

St.   Louis.   Rocky   Mtn.  &.   Pac.  1277 

St.    Louis    tunnel.    Colo.  137 

St.    Paul — Cherry    disaster.  4.    419 

Saint-Pierremont   mines.  1294 

Salazar.    Leopold.  231 

Salt,    Avery   island.   La.  1226 

Salt  concession.  Mexico.  822 

Salt   industry  in  France.  471 

Salt    Lake   assay    olHce.  182 

Salt   Lake  conservation  meeting.  443 

Salt   mine,   Detroit,   Pump   in.  1245 

Saltpeter,    Chile.      See    "Niter." 
Samples  containing  metalllcs.   Short   for- 
mula for.  544 
Sampler,  Automatic,  Simple.  •OO 
Sampler  for  lead  concentrates.                     ^253 
Samplers,     Ore,     Mechanical     and     riffle. 

Accuracy  of.  62 

Sampling  at  Cananea — Screen  driven  by 

compressed  air.  '638 

— Saw  for  copper  bars.  640 

— (ieneral   analytical   methods.  647 

— Mining    methods,    sampling,    etc.  ^914 

Sampling  copper  by  granulation.  1145 

Sampling  copper  -  Ma^etic  particles.  752 
— Top    and    bottom    drilling.  897 

— Influence  of  number  of  templet  holes.  ^953 

—  Moisture  in  bullion.  1095 
Sampling  device.  Auto,  hydraulic.  ^999 
Sampling  device.   Simple,  Crown  Reserve. 

•1146 
Sampling   filter.   Rapid.   .Just.  819 

Sampling    low-grade    and    irregular    ore- 
bodies.  750 
Sampling.    Mine,  Constant  errors   in.            316 
Sampling  pig  copper.  897 
Sampling,   Time,  etc.,  in  concentration.      301, 

541,   846,   894 
San   Antonio  Co..  Colo.  429 

San  Antonio  Cop.  Co.,  Mex.  661 

San  Antonio  cop.  dist.,  Sonora.  •ISOl 

San  Antonio  dist..  Lower  Calif.  404 

San   Emidlo  Oil  Co.  591 

San    Fernando   mines,    Mex.  432,    932 

San  Francisco  mint.  Increased  gold  re- 
ceipts. 397 
San  Francisco  hill,  Peru.  '597 
San  .Javier  silver  dist..  Sonora.  •660 
San  Jose  Co..  Nacozari.  Mex.  66 
San  Juan  co..  Colo..  Tungsten.  ^320 
San  Juan  dist..  Colo.,  Wages.  S99 
San  Juan  mine,  Sonora.  Mex.  •660 
San  Juan  .Mg.  Co.,  Oaxaca,  Mex.  237,  432 
San  Martin.  Mex.  237 
San  Rafael  y  Anexas.  •643 
— Silver  cyaniding  at  mill.  ^67 
San  Roberta  mine,  Planillas  at.  ^353 
Sand  and  gravel  production.  349 
Sand  filling.  Transvaal.          .59.   204,  307,  805 

—  Health  aspect.  398.  751,  951,  1058 
Sand,  Thick,  extractor,  Ayton's.  515 
.Sand  treatment.  Simmer  &  Jack.  ^1245 
Sand  wheels.  Calumet  &  Hecla.  •218,  772 
Sandstorm-Kendall  Consol.  735 
Sandvik  belt  conveyer.  *455 
Sanford  mine,  Mex.  883 
Sanitary  conditions.  Colliery.  131 
Sanson!.    F.    W.       Underground    prospect 

drilling.    Joplln    dist.  157 

Santa  Clara   Co.,  Calif.  475 

Santa    Klena    <hilean    mills.  967 

Santa    Eulalia    dist..    Kimball  on.                 659 

Santa   Gertrudis   mine,   .Mex.  627,  852,   985 


Santa   Marta.   Nev, 

Santa   Natalia   mill.   Slime  treatment 


Santa   Rosa   mine,   Sonora,   Mex. 

Santa    Rosa   mine.   Zacatecas,   Mex. 

Santa   Teresa   mine,   Mex, 

Sanla    \lrglnla    .M.    &   M.   Co. 

Santiago   mine.    Colo. 

Santo    Domingo   mining   law. 

Sapphire    mines,    Mont. 

Sargent.   G.   W. 

Sattergood,  E.   F.     Gas  exploder. 

Sault  Ste.   Marie  canal  traffic. 

Saunders,  W.  L.     History  of  rock  drill 

Savanna  Co.,  N.  M. 

Savelsberg  process. 

Saw  sampler  for  copper  bars. 

Sawing  lumber.  Method  for. 

Scalfe,   II.  L.     Laws  of  Mexico. 

Scale   car.   Simple.    Florence   mill. 

Scheer's  mine  bunks. 

Scheftels  &  Co.  raided. 

Schellenberg.   F.  Z.      Systematic  develop 

ment   In   Pittsburg  scam.  •521 

Schlckler.   Geo.   H.  779 

Schlelir.    H.    L.  571 

Schley    mine   wire   supports.  898 

Schneider.    Bergrath.  278 

Scholz.  Carl.  730,  1221 

Schools.    Public.   MesabI   range.  1052 

.Schuetze's  automatic  acid  elevator.  'SSO 

Schiitte  &  Kortlng  mixer  and  heater.      •1108 
Schwab.   Chas.    M.  276 

Schwab   Iron   property,  Tex.  40.  44 

Schwab   Co.,    Utah.  236,   1228 

Schwartz,  C.  E.  923 

Scoop     for    dipping     wood     from    stamp 

mortars.  •353 


383 
•358. 

532 
•660 
1033 

835 

932 
1272 
1013 
1324 

683 
•544 

1.53 
12 

284 

318 

640 
•952 

116 

•155 

'705 

699,  709 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Scotch  shale   oil.  198.   258 

Scotland,    P.    B.       Cop.    mining,    Metcalf 

dlst.,   Ariz.  'lis 

Scott  &  Mountain's  pumps.  •1216 

Scranton.  Penn.,  mine-cave  problem.  32,  1215 
Scranton  mine,  Minn.  •1094,   •1148 

Scranton   mine,   Utah.  139,   337,   384,   736 

Scraper    bucket    excavator,     placer     min- 
ing. ^315 
Screen,     Illuminated,     for      underground 

surveying.  '1049 

Screens,  Revolving,  on  dredges.  Driving.  •lOS 
— Multiple  nozzle.  ^154 

Screens.  Standard  series,  lab.  testing.  27,  199 
Screening  coal.  Empire  tipple.  •372 

Seager,  J.  A.  Colliery  electrical  inci- 
dent. 971 
— Repair  work  in  colliery  practice.  *1171 
— Design  of  centrifugal  pumps.  *1216 
Seamon,  A.  E.  181 
Seamon,   W.   H.      "Manual   for   Assayers 

and  Chemists."  t570 

— Mining  operations.  Chihuahua.  654 

— Zinc   mining.   Chihuahua.  679 

— Yoquivo  mine  and  mill.  '811 

Searchlight  dist.,  Nevada.  558 

Sears,    Stanley    C.  133,    229 

Seaver,   Kenneth.  977 

Section  liners.  501,  '1048 

Seeley,   Boudlnot,   Death   of.  331 

Seguranza   mine,   Mex.  1327 

Selby   Smelting   Co.  332,  473 

Selenium  gold  ore.  418 

Selenium   in   Republic  ores.  1191 

Sellers,   D.   B.      Dredging,   Victoria.  516 

SemetSolvay  Co.  975 

Semper  and   Michels   on   Chilean  niter.      •IS 
Senter-Dupee  Devel.  Co.  1276 

Separation,   Electrostatic,   of  minerals.        •IS 
Separator,  Wet  magnetic.  Bent.  *554 

Settling  flue  dust.     See  "Flue." 
Setz,  Gustav  and  Carl.  1173 

Seven-Thirty  mine.  Colo.  37,  783,  831 

Sevier-Miller    Coalition.  140 

Seward   peninsula.   Dredges ;   conditions.   'SSg 
Seward  peninsula.  Gold  dredges.  '507 

Shaft.    Alden    colliery     working.     Exten- 
sion of.  •1168 
Shaft,    Circular,   New   Modderfontein.        954, 

1043 
Shaft,    Clonan,   Concrete-lined.  •les 

Shaft,   Drop,   Arrangement   for  guiding.   •498 
Shaft,   Drop,   method  of  sinking.  '918 

Shaft  plumbing.  3,   153,   252,   •753,   1044, 


•1209 

•1242 

604,  605 


Shaft  repairing.  Platform  for. 
Shaft  rules — Committee  report. 
Shaft   sinking.   Cement   filling   of   water 

bearing  strata   prior  to.  1294 

Shaft  sinking.   Rapid,    in   Butte.  107 

Shaft  timbers.  Holding,  with  wire  cable.  304 
Shaft   timbers.   Method,   extending.  ^897 

Shaft   timbers,    Placing.  753 

Shaft   tubbing.   Grouting   behind.  •705 

Shafts,   Circular,   for   coal   mines.  129 

Shafts,  Vertical  curves  in.  •lOOO,  1093 

Shaffer  silver  dist.,   Presidio  co.,  Tex.   ^1303 
Shafting,    Reinforcement    of.  •250 

Shale,  Oil.     See  "Oil." 

Shamel,  C.  H.  827 

Shamrock  mine,   Utah.         40,   140,   737,  930, 

1179 
Shannon    Cop.   Co.,    Ariz.  136,   686,   363 

— Annual  report.  ^1102 

Shapelev,  C.  Slime  treatment,  Santa  Na- 
talia. •358 
Shattuck-Arizona.  184,  363,  428,  733,  878 
Shaw,  S.  F.  Montezuma  Mines.  ^715 
Shears,  3  leg.  How  to  erect.  ^399 
Sheep  creek.  104 
Shelby,  C.  F.,  on  slags,  discussed.  1200 
Shell  Trans.  &  Trading  Co.  700 
Shepherd,  G.  W.  Cyanidlng,  Rand.  894 
Sherman's  side-dump  car.  •1197 
Shields,  Dr.  Lecture  on  rescue.  1219 
Shipley,  G.  B.  Mond  Nickel  plant.  •364 
Shock  arrester  on  dredges.  ^447 
Shot  firing.  See  also  "Blasting." 
Shot   firing.   Electric.      60,   84,   131,   156,   326, 

603,   1105 
Shovel — Giant  excavator.  •.'>64 

Shovel   racks   for   warehouse.  802 

Shovel,   Steam,   trucks.    Reinforcing.  '952 

Shoveling,      Eliminating,      In     square-set 

stopes.  ^59 

Siberia,  Orsk  Goldflelds.  1202 

Sickness   funds,   German   miners'.      867,   900, 


Sickness   of   miners'.   Data   on. 
Siemens-Belgian    3-tler    furnaces. 
Slemens-Halske    copper    process. 
Slemens-Ilgner  hoisting  system. 
Sierra    Buttes,    Calif.         ""      " 


956,   1007 
23 

•415 
961  ' 
•1014 


Sierra   Consol.    Mines  Co. 


185,    623,    780,    782, 
879,  927,  981 


Sierra  co.,   N.   M.,  mining  activities. 
Sierra  Gold   Mg.  Co.,   Calif. 
Sierra   S.    F.    Power   Co. 
Slgfrled    potash    mine   explosion. 
Signal    switch,    Mrtiregor's. 
Signal    wiring.    Hand    bell. 
Signals,    I'rop'isf'd    taw    regarding. 
Silica,  Free,  Necessity  In  pyrltc  smelting. 

1097,   1144 
SlUcloua  rock  converter  linings.  411 


405,  65.'-. 
313 
526 
1.14 
805 
•1105 
•B45 
604 


PAGE 

Sill,  R.  T.     Calabacillas  mine.  •350 

Sills,     Placing     beneath     square    sets    In 

place.  •SOI 

Silver,   Arizona.  363 

Silver  assay.  Effect  of  templet  holes  on  ; 

segregation  of  silver  in  copper.  '953 
Silver,    Brit.    Col.  257,   238 

— Discovery  north  of  Brokenhead.  140 

Silver,   Chilean   ore.  1191 

Silver.    Colo.  1010 

Silver  consumption  in  photography.  1239 
Silver  c.vaniding,  San  Rafael  mill.  *67 

Silver  dist..   Shatter,  Tex.  ^1303 

Silver,  Elec.  refining,  U.  S.  mints.  214 

Silver  Hill  mine,  N.  C.  736- 

Silver  Hill  mg.  co.,  Tex.  929 

Silver  Island  Coalition,  Utah.  1ST,  478 

Silver  King  Coalition.  35,  55,  236,  531,  737, 
876,  984,  1122,  1320 
— Timber-framing  machine.  •lOS 

Silver  King  mill.  7S3 

Silver    King  Consol.  35,   40,   55,   786,   876 

Silver  loss,  Portland  cement  cupels.  •560 

Silver  mining,  Early,  Cerro  de  Pasco.  459 
Silver    movement    for    11    months.  1238 

Silver,    Ontario.  970,    450,   135,    1104 

Silver    ore,    Ajsenical   nickel    cobalt.    As 


say. 


809 

1253 

474 

540 

240 

844 

102 

1247 

155 

1214 

1245 

♦115 

32 

779 


814 
163 
865 


Silver  ores.  Cobalt,  Ont.,  Milling. 

Silver   Peak   case   decision. 

Silver,   Price  of. 

Silver,  Tasmania,  west  coast. 

Silver,  The  advance  in. 

Silver,  The   position   of. 

Silver,  World  production. 

Simmer  &  ,Tack  Prop. 

— ^Report. 

— Innovations  at  the  mine. 

Simmer  &  Jack  East. 

Singles  Coal  Co. 

Singlewald,  Joseph  T. 

Sinking.      See   "Shaft,"   "Pump,"   etc. 

Sintering  process,  Haas. 

Sintering  process,  Perkins  and  Requa. 

Sioux-Alaska  Gold  Dr.  Co. 

Sioux  Cousol.  139,  577,  626,  984,  1031 

Sirena  mine,   Mex.,   accident.  895 

Siskol  stope  drill.  112 

Sivertson    dredge,    Alaska.  ^862,    864 

Sivertson-Johnson   Gold   Dredging  Co.  S63 

Sivirijoa,   Antigua  mines.  •IISS 

Sixteen-to  One    mine,    Calif.      281,    927,    1125 

Skldoo  Mines  Co.  379,   622 

Skinner,  E.  N.     Mason  Val.  Mines  Co.       SOS 

Skip  chairs  at  Argonaut  mine.  •eo 

Skip-changing  device,  Leonard  mine.         •330 

Skip-changiug-device,    W'hitford-Mills.       •IIOS 

Skip  dumps,  N.  Y.  iron  mines. 

Skip  impfovements,  Adams  mine. 

Skip  loader.  Original  Consol. 

Skip-loading    chute.    Steel. 

Skip-Ioadiug  device,  Whitford-Mills. 

Skip  pocket,  station  and  chute,   Leonard 

mine.  ^445,  ^1292 

Skip  pockets.  Bunker  Hill  mine.  '157 

Skip,   Self-dumping,   Original  Consol.  •SS 

Skips,  Counterbalance  for. 

Skips,    Measuring  pocket   for. 

Skookum  Cop.  Co. 

Slade.   I'^rtward. 

,Slag  analysis.   Cananea. 

Slag,   Blast  turhace.   Clearing. 

Slag  catcher,   Assayer's. 

Slag  cement,  CoUoseus  process  for. 

Slag  pots.  Old,  used  tor  matte. 

Slag   wool   smeltery-gas  treatment. 

Slags,  Cop.  blastfurnace.  Role  of  alumina 
in.  1260 

Slags,   Copper   in.   Rapid  method   for  de- 
termining. 3 

Slaker,   II.   J.      Elec.   refining  of  bullion, 

U.  S.  mints.  214 

Sled  for  cleaning  sludge  pond.  ^401 

Slicing  system,  Mitchell,  BIsbee.       ^174,  1291 

Slicing   system,    etc.,    Cananea. 


1148 

1046 

•203 

•1292 

•1146 


1194 

1094 

1228 

525 

649 

157 

1196 

•608 

860 

1164 


•915, 


963, 

1193 

•1008 

•206 

•607 

•258 

515 

•358 

•899 

•401 

771 

426 


Slide-rule    lens    attachment. 

Slime  agitator,   liothwell  and  Akins, 

Slime  filter,  Nichols. 

Slime  filter,  Robinson. 

Slime  separator,   Ayton's. 

Slime  treatment,  Santa  Natalia. 

Slimes,  Zinc  box.  Vacuum  filter  for. 

Sludge  pond.  Cleaning. 

Small  mines.  Capitalization  of. 

Smartsvllle,  Calif.,  camp. 

Smeltery.  See  also  "Furnace,"  "Con- 
verter," "Electric,"  "Pyrlte,"  names 
of  metals,  proper  names,  etc. 

Smeltery,    Copper    Queen,     Settling     fine 

dust.  •504 

Smeltery  fumes — Lead  poisoning.  113 

Smeltery  gases.  Flue  dust  and  fume  In.    (Ill' 

Smeltery  gases.  Process  for  saving  wastes>-<; 
In.  qT64 

Smeltery  shutdown,  TTiiusuaJL  causes.         1 1:>2 

Smeltery   smoke,   Calif.     ^Sz>  214^232,^281 
309,  47 

■ — Mammoth  Cop.  Co,    " 

Smeltery   smoke.   Mont^ 

Smeltery  smoke,  Tenn. 

Smeltery   stack    losses.   Cananea 

Smelteries,  Cost  of  various.  14 

Smelting  at  Nlshnl   Tagil.  010,  846 


926 

300,  622,  731,  926 
526,    620, 

[3fl 


FAGS 

Smelting    costs.    Copper,    Comparison    of 

— Iron   removal.  589,  588 

Smelting    reports.    The.  393,    405 

Smelting  situation  in  Mex.  1288 

Smelting,  Status  of,  in  Colo.  1009 

Smillie,  S.     Vertical  curves  in  shafts.   '1000, 

1093 
Smith,   Edward   A.,   Death   of.  1173 

Smith,  Edward  C.  1025 

Smith,  F.  G.  D.     Bucket  dump.  'lOe 

Smith,  F.  W.    Palmilla  mine.  ^259 

Smith,  P.  W.,  and  R.  A.  Zlesemer.  827 

Smith,   Frank,   Death   of.  472 

Smith,    George   Otis.      53,   56,    151,    164,    249, 

331,  597,  1005 
— Co8p.   with  Bureau   of  Mines.  1143 

— Statement  as  to  directorship.  211 

Smith,  J.  J.     Calculating  interest.  812 

Smith,  J.  R.     "Modem  Assaying."  t570 

Smith,  Leo  G.  619 

Smith,   L.   Garrett.      Role  of  alumina   In 

cop.   blast-furnace  slags.  1260 

Smith,  Lyon.    Vacuum  slime  filter.  •SOS 

Smith's,  Louis,   tunnel.  Wash.  '920 

Smith,  Philip  S.  33 

Smith,  W.  C.     Pitot-tube  clamp.  ^1197 

Smoke,   Coke,    Extracting   oil   from.  975 

Smoke,   Smeltery.      See   "Smeltery." 
Smoke,   Solid   matter  in.  893 

Smokestack,  Raising.  ^1244 

Smoot  oil-land  bill.  1252 

Smuggler  mine,  Colo.  335.  927,  981,   1174 

Snake   Creek  tunnel,   Utah.  34,   474,   732, 

870,  1075 
Snowshoe   mine,   Idaho.  624 

Snowshoe  mine,   Mont.  1178 

Snow   Storm  mine,   Idaho.  283,  335,   ^453, 

•454,  624,   1276 
— Notes  on  geology.  1109 

Social   conditions   among   Iron   and   steel 

employees.  1305 

Society  of  Chemical  Industry.  1221 

Socorro  Mines  Co.,  N.  M.  187,  337 

Sodium    cyanide,    Commercial,    etc.        200,    4 
Sodium  nitrate.     See  also  "Nitrate." 
Sodium    nitrate,    Chile.  17,    *18 

Sodium    nitrate.    World's   consumption.      1172 
Soldering  aluminum.  1145 

Solomon   Dredging  Co.      .  •862,   865 

Solubilities  of  salts  concerned  in  extrac- 
tion of  niter.  ^21 
Songs  and  ballads.  Mining.                             359 
Sonora  Cop.  Smg.  Co.                                       1081 
Sonora  United  Mines.  41 
Soper.  E.  K.     Iron  ore  washery.                 '712 
Sorensen,   S.   S.                                                    1164 
South    Africa.       See     also     "Transvaal," 
"Rand,"        "Rhodesia,"        "Orange." 
"Natal,"  "Gold,"  "Diamonds,"  "Tin," 
etc. 
South  African  notes.                                        314 
South  Brazil  Block  Mg.  Co.                             186 
South  Columbus,  Utah.     577,  834,  1228,  1278 
South    Hecla,    Utah.           577,    690,    786,    834. 

1228,   1278 
South   Lake,    Mich.  529,   575,    784 

—Drilling  results.  503,  1029 

South    Utah,    M.    &    S.       235,    285,    431,    573, 
834,  983,  1127,  1325 
Southern   Iron  &  Steel   Co.  333,   829 

Southern    iron    mergers.  886,    994,    1035, 

1176,   1282 
Southern  Manganese  Mg.  Co.  627 

Southern   Onyx  Co.  429 

Southern   Pacific  R.  R.  Co.     41,  86,  309,  400. 

1222    1272 
Southern   Power  Co.  '   1049 

Southwestern   wage  settlement.  42 

Souvenir   Gold    Mg.    Co.  880 

Spain,    Coal    industry  ;    output.  975 

Spanish    mining    crisis.  1114 

Spassky  copper  mine.  847 

Spelter.      See   also   "Zinc." 
Spelter    conventions,    European.       632,    1134, 

1151,  1200 
Spelter  market — Note.  54 

Spelter,    Production   and   consumption.  1 

Spelter.  Pure.  Fume  filtration  for  pro- 
duction of.  •41.'> 
Spelter,  Special  brands  of.  494 
Spencp.  Harold  C.  E.  1221 
Spendiaroff  prize.  Award  of.  597 
Spiegel  and  ferro.  Tariff  decision.  159 
Spllsbury,  E.  Gybbon.  637 
Spltzbergen  coal  mining.  614 
Splicing  tramway  cables.  849 
Spodumene,  Etta  mines,  S.  D.  457 
Sprag  on  coal  cutter.  *1067 
Sprinkling.  See  "Coal  dust." 
Sutherland.  William  C.  377 
Spud.  Mine  surveyor's.  •351,  704 
Squaw  Mtn.,  Colo.,  discovery.  1275 
Squirrll  river  strike,  Alaska.  1322 
Stables.  Underground,  Fireproof  con- 
struction. 247 
Stack-loss  tests,  Cananea  Consol.  71 
Stack,  Smoke,  Raising.  •1244 
.Stacker  belts.  Dredge,  Indicator  for.  •306 
Stacker.  Tailings,  Miles,  For  dredges.  •504 
Stall    Bros.'   lease,   Ncv.      90,   235,    382,   383. 

630 
Stall,    Frank    and    George.  181 

Stamp  and   Chilean   mills  compared.  'OOS 

Stamp  drop  sequence.  •lOO,    •949 


INDEX 


PACK 

Stamp-mill     practice,     Soutb      Af. — City 

Deep.  *26,   9">8 

Stamp  mill  shoe  wear.  803 

Stamp.    Maximum    weight    of.  749 

Stamp  mill    parts,    Best    material.  1144 

Stamp-mill   pulp — Iron   remover.  ^445 

Stamp   mortars,  Scoop  for  dipping  wood 

from.  'SSS 

Standard    Cobalt.  1032 

Standard    Oil    Co.      308.    408.    700,    707,    761, 
889,  1077,   1200 
Standard   Oil   Co.    of   Can.  .^32 

Standard   Thosphate  &  Chem.  Co.  1127 

Standards  of  work.     302.  441,  541,  588,  58!> 
Stanford    Mr.    &   Heduc.    Co.  904 

Stansfield,    lidgar.  133 

Star    mine,    Idabo.  476 

Starkville,   Colo.,   explosion.      783,   895,   1170. 


1219 
1090,    601 
•445.   •1292 
Morning 

•6 


1288 

229 

617 

217 

•546 

1080 

998 

95 

215 

151 


State   mine   Inspection. 
Station.   Skip.  Leonard  mine. 
Station.     Underground,     Large, 

mine. 
Statistical    number.    Annual. 
Stauffer.  .7.   K.,  Death  of. 
Stavel.v    Coal    and    Iron    Co. 
Steam   and   air   flow    meters. 
Steam   pipe.   Curing  leak   In. 
Steamboat    Mtn.    field,    B.    C. 
Steeple    Rook    district. 
Steel  Co.   of  Can..  Ltd. 
Steel.    Cupronickel. 
Steel   furnaces,   Elec. — Statistics 
Steel   prices.  588,  630,   796,   806 

Steel    production.    World.  53 

Steel    rails.    Old— Tariff    decision.  159 

Steel    situation.    The.  1141,    1132 

"Steel  Structures,  Simple.  Designing  and 

Detailing."  t277 

Steel.    Substitute  for.  616 

Steel    trade.    Labor    in    the.  110,    1305 

Steel.    Tinited    States.  54 

— Structural   steel.  44.   103 

— Finished  steel.  1103 

Steel.   Vanadium,  eyebar  tests.  754 

Steptoe  smeltery,   converter   linings.  411 

Sterrett,  D.  B.     Monazlte.  etc.  1056 

Stephen,   L.      Transvaal   policy.  1259 

Steptoe    plant.       Burning     reverberatorv 

ash.  1302 

Stevens.   H.   J.      "Copper  Handbook."        tl27 
Stevens.  L.  H..  Death  of.  33 

Stevenson.  C.  S.  730 

Stewart.   C.   A.      Exploration   of  contact 

metamorphic  ore  deposits.  513 

Stewart   mine.    Idaho.  783,  927,   1125 

Stewart   river  dist..   B.   C.  236 

Stewart.  Town  of,  B.  C.  ^451 

Stock    fraud    campaign.  699,    709.    1042, 

1045,  1157,  1074,   1239 
Stock.    Mining,    laws.    Nevada.  231,   fl24 

Stock.   Mining.   I'ropneed   requirements.     1109 
Stock  speculation.  Questions  on.  847 

Stocks.    Coal  mining,    compared.  32 

Stocks.    "Treasury"    and    "promotion."        231 
Stockton    Chamber    of    Commerce.  572 

Stockwell.   Rupert   K.  619 

Stock.   H.    H.      Coalfields.   111.  227 

Stoker   controller,   Ttlden   automatic.  '220 

Stoltz.  G.  C.     Clonan  shaft.  'IBn 

— Hand   bell   signal    wiring.  •545 

— Gravity    planes.   Cheever   mine.  ^752 

— Skip   dumps.    N.   Y.    iron    mines.  ^1148 

— Automatic  car  dump.  •1295 

Stone.   C.    .T.      Rapid   sinking,   Butte.  107 

Stone  Canon   Consol.   Coal  Co.  332,   1317 

Stope  drill    competition.    Rand.  112,    999 

— Tests    at    Robinson    Deep.  307,    723 

Stope  sets.  Leaning.  *S 

Stope  utilized  as   ore  pocket.  9 

Stopes.    Squareset,    Eliminating    shovel- 
ing in.  •59 
Sloping.    Pack,    Modified    system.                 ^950 
Stoplng.  Homcstake  mine.  S.   D.                    ^74 
Sloping  methods,  etc.,  Cananea.     ^914,  *963, 

1193 
Stoplng   methods,   Coeur  d'Alene.  ^452 

Stoplng    methods.    Metralf.    Ariz.  ^118 

Stoping.   Overhead,   on    Rand.  25.3 

Stoplng   widths.    Reducing.   Transvaal.      1259 
Stoplngs   built    of  lath.  872 

Storage    battery     extension     to     colliery 

power    plant.  ^614 

Storage-bin    gates.    Minevllle.  ^594 

Storage.   Explosives — Proposed   law.  602 

Storm.  L.   W.     Cop.  RIv.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.     '77 
— Bering  rlv.   coalfield.  ^272 

— Chltlna    cop.    region.    So.    Alaska.  •inil 

Storms.   W.   11.      Stamp  drop  sequence,      •ion 
—  Tailing  dams,   water  conservation.  •2116 

Stow.    Audlev    H.  1121 

Straits   Set..    Coal    Imports.  387 

Stratton    Estate.    Colo.       233.    335,    529,    S31. 
879.    1026.    1125,   1225 

See   also    "American    Eagles." 
Stratton's   Independence,   Ltd.     37,   134,   137, 

1174,    1177 
— Address    by    P.    Argall.  1251,    1240 

Strehlke,   E.   FI.  j.lin 

Strontium.    Metallic,    Properties    of.  1108 

Stuart.   C.    E  773 

Sturgeon  Lake  Gold  Mg.  Co.  325 

Sturges,    Harold.  525 

Sturgls.   E.   B.  85 

Sturtevant,   H.   B.,  Death  of.  1121 


StUtz,   E. 

Success   mine,   Idaho. 

Sucker  list;  How    to  get  off. 

Sullivan,   A.   J. 

Sullivan,  W.  N. 

Sulman   &   Plcard   brlquettlng  process. 


PAGE 

779 
137 

1239 
181 
425 

323, 
751 
195 
292 


Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Germany. 
Sulphate,  of  ammonia,  Gt.  Brit. 
Sulphides.  Blast  roasting,  Recent  pro- 
gress. ^317 
Sulphur,  Arizona.  363 
Sulphur  claims  near  Cuprite,  Nev.  187 
Sulphur  Import  duty  controversy.  1208 
Sulphuric  acid  in  converter  gases.  264 
Sulphuric  acid  mfr.  ;  pyrlte  smelting.  ^555 
Sulphurlc-acld  regeneration.  •1002 
Sun's  declination.   Determining  from  old 

ephemerls.  305 

— By   surveyor's    transit.  638 

Snnday  Creek  Coal  Co.  986 

Sundt,   F.   A.,   on   Chile  niter.  18 

Sunnyside  mine  bunk.  ^705 

Sunrise    Iron    &    Mg.    Co.  1178 

Superior    Coal    Co.    plant,    Wyo.  ^224 

Superior   mine.   Mich.  138,   529,   624 

Superior.    Minn.,    ore  dock.  336 

Superior   &    Boston.  184 

Superior    &    Pittsburg.       363,    475,    878,    926, 

1161,    1224 
Surface  condenser  in  mine  plants.  ^124 

Surlana  M.  &  S.   Co.  •eOS 

Surr.  G.     Trachite  or  trachyte.  894 

Survey.  Alaska  boundary.  917 

Survey.    Geological. 

(For     relations     with     Bureau      of 
Mines,  see  "Bureau.") 
— Appropriations.  5 

— Iron-fvirnace    distribution,    U.    S.  ^150 

— Iron   occurrences,   eastern  States.  '206 

— Rescue  stations,   ill.  '176 

— Fire   in    building.   Another.  249,   340 

— Strong  detonators   recommended.  499 

— Explosibility    of   coal   dust.  616 

— Gt.  Salt  Lake  investigation.  807.   1208 

— Director's    annual    report.  1252 

— West    Va.    Geol.    Surv.   pubs.  tl3 

Survey    notes,    Keeping.  547 

Surveys,   Magnetometrlc,  Adirondack  iron 

deposits.  905 

Surveys,    Mine — Keeping    notes.  547 

Surveys — Value    of    geological    work    In 


limestone   regions 
Surveying — Determining     sun's 

tion   from  old  ephemerls. 
Surveying  methods  at   Butte. 
— Back-sight   lamp. 
Surveying   system.    Govt,    lands. 
Surveying,    Mine.    Methods    of. 
Surveying — Shaft    plumbing. 

•753 
Surveying,       Underground, 

screen  for. 
Surveyor's,    Mine.   spud. 


1161 
decllna- 

305 

•1209 

•1097 

474 

252 

3,    153,    252, 

1044,   ^1209 

Illuminated 

•1049 
351,    704 


Surveyor's  transit.   Recovering  date  by.     638 

Sussman's   report   on    Granby.  699 

Sutcliffe,  .lohn.   Death   of.  229 

Swain.  A.  E.  923 

Swarthmore  tunnel.  Colo.  687 

Sweden,    Elec.    Iron    smelting.  271,    255 

Sweden,    Iron    and    steel.  1085 

Swedish    iron  ore  conservation.  596 

Sweet.   W.    H.,    Death  of.  278 

Sweetland.    E.    J.  1025 

Switch.   Signal.    McGregor's.  '1 195 

Sybil   Co.,  Calif.  334 

Svlvester.    F.    M.  1025 

Sylvester.  F.  L.     "Mech.  Drawing."  t309 
Symons.  B.     Newfoundland  resources.       ^300 


Syrian  phosphate  deposits,  etc. 


376,   1006 


T-square.   Geologist's.  •1294 

Tabor  mine.   Mex.  678 

Tacoma    smeltery.    Wash.  578 

TaTanel.  J.  Coal-dust  experiments.  1206 
Taft.  Pros.,  on  conservation.  495.  947.  1198 
Tailing   dams    and    conservation    of    mill 

water.  •266 

Tailings   disposal.    .loplln.  117 

Tailings,   Right   to  dump.  427 

Tailings,    Treatment    with    concentrates. 

North  Star  Mines.  401,  ^409 

Talbot.   F.   A.      Giant   excavator.  ^564 

—  Colloseus  process  for  slag  cement.  ^608 
Talc  at   Madoc.  Out.  621,  1211 

Talc.    Death    Valley   country.  420 

Tam   O'Shanter  group.   Colo.  978 

Tamarack    mine.    Mich.  254 

Tanganyika   Concessions.   Ltd.  1288 

'lank.    Collapsible,    for    blueprints.  704 

Tanks,   Concrete,    Impervious.  lltMJ 

Tanks.   Slime.  Soma  Natalia.  ^358 

1'aqiiHh    mine,    West   Af.  114 

TaillT   Board.  637,   1101 

TarilT.  Coal,  reciprocity — Canadian  op- 
position. 1024 
TarliT  decisions — Spiegel,  ferro  ;  rails.  159 
Tfliiff — Investigating  costs.  854 
Tariff  on  lead  zinc  ores.  57,  103 
TarilT  on  washed  coal.  481 
Tariff-  Sulphur  Import  duty.  1208 
Tasmaiiian  dividends.  223 
Tax   law.  Jalisco,  Mex.  474 


PAGE 
Tax,  cases,  Nev.  379 

Taxation  In  Colo.  876.  924,  1222 

Taxation,  oil.  La.  1091,  1151 

Ta.xatlon.    patented   claims,    Ariz.  449 

Tavior  Horsfleld  Co.  404 

Taylor.  J.  H.,  Death  of.  827 

Taylor.   J.   Q.  827 

Tays.   E.   A.  H.     Antigua  mines.  ^1155 

Telephones,  Mine,  Advantages  of.  1305 

Teilurlde  ore  In  Canada.  1104 

Temiskaming  mine,   Ont.     92,   338,  385,   532. 
.578,   627,   834,    1032 
— The  mill.  •1253 

Temiskaming  &  Hudson  Bay.     188,  385,  432, 

627,  882,  1081 
Temiskaming  &  Nor.  ry.  1175 

Temperatures.  Rock,  on   Rand.  543 

Temple  Iron  Co.  1190,  1199 

Tenlon,    M.       Quenching    and    conveying 

gas  coke.  1117 

Tenmile  dist.,  Mont.  '354 

Tennessee  C.  I.  &  R.  R.  Co.         326,  475,  781 
Tennessee  Cop.  Co.     235.  577,  736,  786,  895. 
937.   1079,    1127,   1234 
— Report.  10 

— Cost    of   producing   copper.  248 

— Notes  on  metallurgy.  866 

Tepezala  dist..   Mex.  679 

Terre   Nueve  Mg.   Co.  5 

Terry  core  drill.  507 

Test-tube  holder ;  Qlllpg  device.  •707 

Testing  Materials,  Am.  Soc. — Standard- 
ization, etc.  123,  215 
Testing  plant.  Government.  13 
Texada.  Iron-ore  deposits.  219 
Texas,  Coal  deposits.  329 
Texas  Co. — Petroleum.  969 
Texas.  Fuel  situation.  777 
Texas  Iron  &  Coal  Co.  1100,  122S 
Texas.  Iron  ore.  40.  44.  •207,  1100 
Texas,  Mineral  law.  541 
Texas.  Natural  gas  in.  1300 
Texas,  Nitrates.  1321 
Texas.  Proposed  mining  laws.  873 
Texas — Shafter  silver  dist..   Presidio  co. 

•1303 
Texas,   Tin.  1277 

Teziutlan  Cop.  M.  &  S.  Co.  41,  57,  249 

— Smelting  works.  'leg,   301 

Teziutlan  mine,  Puebla.   Mex.  57,  249 

Tezoatlan  coalfield.   Mex.  •669,  671 

Tharsis  Sulphur  &  Cop.  Co.  219 

Thawing  dredge  ground.  Alaska.  ^860 

Thawing   explosives.  1044 

Thermit  process,  Ferro-molybdenum.  264 

Thiocyanatc  determination  of  copper.  969 
Thomas,  C.   S.,   Jr.      Exposing  frauds.      1157. 

1074 
Thomas  Iron  Co.  55 

Thomas,  W.  C.  619 

Thompson.  Charles  II.  1173 

Thompson  &  Co.'s  condenser.  *126 

Thompson-Connellsvilie  Coke  Co.  ^522 

Thompson-Heskott  coke  process.  919 

Thompson.  Towle  &  Co.  4,  450,  475.  808 

Thompson  Quincy    merger.  684,    685,    737. 

984.  1032,  1080,  1228 
Thorium.  Separating  from  impurities.  1191 
Thorne.  S.  M.  619 

Three-Friends  Mg.  Co.  •862,  863 

Thum.   E.   E.  331 

Thunder  Bay  dist.,  Ont.  1273 

Thurston,  E.  C.    Bedded  quartz  veins  near 

I'oto,   Peru.  •597,  799 

Ticon   property,   Mont.  86 

Tidewater  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  1128 

Tiger,  Iowa,  Colo.  230.  233,  335,  1225,  1275 
Tigre   mine ;    Lucky   Tiger.  932,    1229 

Tightner    mine,    Calif.  37,    981 

Tllden  automatic  stoker  controller.  •220 

Tilt  Cove  mines,   N.   F.  •SeO 

Timber.  Cable  drum   for  lowering.  ^253 

Timber   cage.    Lincoln    mine.  ♦848 

Timber  carrier.  Highland  Boy  mine.  ^752 
Timber — Forest  destruction.  953 

Timl)er-framlng     machine.      Slyer     King 

Coalition.  •lOS 

Timber  hitches.  Air  moil  for  cutting.  •1049 
Timber   hoist  and  winch.  *1094 

Timber.   Old.   Tests  on.  1293 

Timber   j)reservatlve,    Creosote   as.  1295 

Timber  —Sawing  lumber.  ^952 

Timber  slide.  Brake  for.  ^849 

Timbers.  Blasting.  Channel  Irons  for.  108 
Timbers.  Combination  steel  and  wood.  ^1293 
Timbers,    Framing,   before  shipment.  351 

Timbers.   Hard   way   to  lower.  ^950 

Timbers.   Rough.   Framing,  for  sets.  ^544 

Timbers,  Shaft,  Holding  with  wire  cable.  .304 
Timbers,    Shaft,    Method,    extending.  ^897 

Timbers.  Shaft.  Placing.  753 

Timbering.   Calumet  &  Ariz.  •174,   1291 

Tinibcriiic.  Coeur  d'Alene.  '452 

Timbering — Leaning  stope   sets.  ^8 

TimhiM-ing  methods.  Cananea.  •914,  ^963 

Timbering  methods.  Melcalf.   Ariz.  '118 

Timbering — Placing    sills     under    square 

sets  in  place.  ^501 

Timbering  station.  Leonard  mine.  ^402 

Timbering  stopes.   Ilomestake  mine.  "74 

Timekeeping.    Newport    mine.  •1196 

Tlmiskamlng.      See   "Temiskaming." 
TImmins    interests.   Ont.      56.    183.    221,    237. 
280,    ^348,   480.   685.   1033.   1279,   '1297 
Tlmmlns-McMartln  claims.   Ont.  87.   527 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Tin    extrartion    from     ores     and     slags; 

volatilizing  fiu'nace.  *1056 

Tin.  Disease  of.  1302 

Tin,   High  price.   London.  72.3 

Tin.   Malay,  six  months.  194 

Tin  mines.  The  Groenfontein.  *315 

Tin   mining  and  milling.   Bolivian  Andes. 

•1053.  1093 
Tin   mining.   Bolivia.  ♦1262 

Tin  mining  in  Black  Hills.  315 

Tin  mining  in  Nigeria,  813,  1299 

Tin  mining  stimulated  by  high  prices.       813 
Tin  ore   in  Canada.  512 

Tin  recovery  from  scrap.  Seattle.  183 

Tin    smeltery    centralization,    Banl;a.         1038 
Tin  smelting,   South   African.  lOOG 

Tin,   Texas.  1277 

Tinplate,    U.    S.    production.  838.    1010 

Tintic   Central.  881.    1326 

Tintic  smeltery.  318 

Tintic   Standard.   Vtah.      139,   236,    689,    834, 
984.  1079.  1179,  1325 
Tinton   Tin   Mg.   Co.  91,   313 

Tipple,    Ore-car,    Mineville.  *129,j 

Tipple,  Coal.  Empire,  Modern  Methods.     *370 
Tipps.  T.    H.  683 

Titanite,   Disposal  of.  -  1145 

Tom  Moore  mine,   Utah.  140 

Tomboy  mine,   Colo.  879,  979,   1177 

Tombstone   Consol.  184,   363,   686,   980 

Toncray  conper  mine.  Va.  627 

Tonnage  chart.  Highland  Boy.  '754 

Tonopah-Belmont.       139,    187,    284,    430,    685, 

735,  929,  1325 
— Report.  807 

Tonopah  Mg.  Co.     39,  91,  187,  337,  625,  929, 

1325 
— Slime  treatment.  638 

Tonopah    Extension.  983,    1030 

Tooele  smeltery.      See  "International." 
Top-slicing    system.    Metcalf.    Ariz.  *120 

Topping  Bros.'   "Mechanigraph."  714 

Torreon   smeltery.   The.  657,    816 

Torres   Mines,   Ltd.  1327 

Torrey,    Herbert    Gray.  779.    1271 

Torsion   balance,   New.  '1100 

Towers,  J.  T.  377 

Towne.  E.   S.,   Statement  by.  57 

Townsite    mine,    Ont.  627,    931 

Trachite   or  trachyte.  894 

Track  cover  on  coal   dock.  *1294 

Tramp   Consol..   Nev.  284,  929 

Tramway   cables.    Splicing.  849 

Tramway   cables,   turning  device.  '801 

Tramways,   Aerial,  Teziutlan.  *170 

Transbaikal    copper.  414 

Transcontinental   Ry.   region.  325 

Transit  cross  hairs.  Illumination.  399 

Transvaal.     See  also  "Rand." 
"Transvaal  Chamber  of  Mines."  1778 

Transvaal   cyanide  poisoning  report.        1047, 

1092,    1193 
Transvaal,  Gold.  103,  141,  1247 

— Production  and  policies.  1259 

Transvaal  labor  and  accidents.  803 

Transvaal      mine      report      for      1908-09, 

Notes  on.  356 

Transvaal — Mines  Trials  Comm.  723 

Transvaal    notes.      158,    401,   953,   954,    1058, 

1198,   1298 
Transvaal,   Troposed  longwall  mining.  155 

Transvaal,    Sand    filling,    health    aspect, 

etc.      59,    204,    307,    398,    751,    805,    951, 

1058 
Transvaal   stamp-mill   practice.  •26,   958 

Transvaal   slope-drill  competition.        112,  999 
— ^Tests  at   Robinson  Deep.  307,   723 

Transvaal — Ventilation  ;  drill  sharpen- 
ing. 109,  899,  952 
Travel,  Mtn.,  in  Mex.,  Tales  of.  676 
Treadgold,  A,  N.  C.  1271 
Treadwell  group,  Alaska.  553 
Trees,  J.  C,  Oil  Co.  1200 
Tremeroux,  R.  E.  133 
— Cyanide      treatment      of     concentrates 

with   mill  tailings.  401 

Trenton  Iron  Co.  751 

Trethewey   mine  and   mill.      237,   882,    •1233, 

1279,  1326 
TrI  Bullion  Smg.  &  Devel.  Co.  1203 

Trimountaln    mine,    Mich.  254 

Tri  State   Mg.    Co.  284 

Trilby  mine,  Colo.  381,  783 

Trinidad    oilfields.    Activity    In.  212 

Trinity    Power   &   Dredging   Co.  185 

Tripoli,    Questions    regarding.  590 

Trolley   wires.   Supporting.  898 

Trucks.   Steam  shovel,   Reinforcing.  *952 

Truss  and   steam   pipe.   Combined.  *400 

TsukakosI,  11.     Thiocyanate  determination 

of  copper.  969 

Tub  mine,   Ariz.  733 

Tube-mill  linings  on  Rand.  •250 

Tube    mill.    Multiple,    Alslng.  'lieS 

Tube  mill    power.    El    Oro,  1243 

Tube-mill   practice  tendencies.  855 

Tube  mills,   I'roblem  of  fine  grinding.     '1057 
Tucker,   C.   H.,   Death   of.  1073 

Tungsten,   Arizona,  West.,  deposit.  1103 

Tungsten,    Australia.  718 

Tungsten,   Colo.,    San   Juan    region.  ^320, 

996 

Mining  in   Boulder  county.  1058 

Tungsten    King   mine.    Wash.  627,    1228 


PAGE 

Tungsten,    Metallic,    and    ferro-tungsten. 

Mfr.   of.  939 

Tungsten   M.   &  M.   Co.,   Colo.  783 

Tungsten    Mtn.    deposit,    West.   Ariz.  1103 

Tungsten   mines,   Nev.  431 

Tung.sten,   Nova  Scotia.  797 

Tungsten.   Rand  dist.,   Calif.  904 

Tungsten    sampling    plant.    Wash.  786 

Tungsten    strikes,    Wash.  140,    882,    1228 

Tunis,  Phosphate  exports.  558 

Tunnel   construction.    P.    R.    K.  1213 

Tunnel   driving.    Record,   Laramie.  808 

Tunnel,  Roosevelt.     34,  351,  473,  1074,  1104, 
1174,   1222,   1323. 
Tunneling  machines.     .1.  T.  1144 

Tuolumne  Cousol.,   Calif.  185 

Tuolumne.    Mont. — North    Butte    contro- 
versy. 210,   1126 
— Notes.         38,    86,    138,    182,    731,    780,    854, 

880,  1227 


•366 
320 
376,  1006 


Turbine  plant,  Mond  Nickel  Co. 
Turkey,    Asiatic,    Prospecting    in. 
Turkey — Syrian    deposits.  376,    1006 

Turning  device  for  tramway  cables.         *801 
Turntable  for   mine  cars.  •O 

Turntable,  Mining.  •305 

"Twenty-Five  Years   of   Mining."  664 

Tyee   Copper   Co.  ,  1326 

Tyrrell.   J.   B.  1173 

Tyssowski,  J.     Stoping,  Homestake  mine.  *74 
— Elec.   iron  smelting,   Heroult.  •269,   255 

— Cyaniding,   North   Star  Mines.  •409 

— Mining  and   stoping.    Coeur  d'Alene.      ^432 
— Construction  of  Calif,  dredges.  *763 

— ^Hydrometallurgical       operations,      Co- 
balt. •1253 

U 


Udden,  J.  A.  Shatter  dist. 
rintah  Indian  reservation. 
Uintah-Treasure    Hill    Coalition. 


1303 

474 

984,    1122, 

1320 

Uncle  Sam  Consol.     442.  478,  786,  984,  1079, 

1277,   1323 
Underground     station,      Large,      Morning 

mine.  *(> 

Unga   island,    Alaska.  553 

Union  Basin  Co.,  Ariz.  88,  363 

Union    Chief   mine,   Utah.  384,   786,    1127, 

1228 
Union   Connellsville  Coke   Co.  973 

Union   Dredging  Co.  782 

Union    Oil   Co.'s    Lakeview   gusher,   etc.      34, 
86,    279,   308,    397,    443,   449,   572,   591 
Union  Phosphate  Co.  •  852 

Unionism  at  Lake  Superior.  440 

United    Coal    Mg.    Co.  1024 

United  Colo.   Mines  Co.  37,   185 

United  Fourth  Vein  Coal  Co.  982,   1178 

United  Fuel  Gas  Co.  761,  823 

United  Kingdom.  54 

— Accidents,    Mine,    by    years.  1043 

— Coal   mines,   Elec.  shocks  in.  725 

— Coal   mines.   Explosives   in.  613 

— Coal  mining   statistics  :   accidents.  1070 

— Coal  statistics  compared.  922 

— Coal   Industry,   South   Wales.  972 

— Coal-mine    accidents.    Fatal.  1315 

— Coal— Working  of  8  hr.  law.  1115 

— Colliery  explosions.  466,   1118 

— Iron  and  steel.  54,  300 

— Iron-ore    cousumption.  1331 

— Miners'   mortality  and  morbidity.  23 

— Obligations    of    working    miners.  1215 

—Patents,   New.      228,   424,   618,   874,    1072, 

1318 
— Rescue  work,  Brit.  Govt.  and.  422 

— Royal    Comm.    report — Safety    lamps.        83 
— Scotch  shale  oil.  198,  258 

— Sulphate   of   ammonia.  292 

United    Mine    Workers.       299,    349,    397,    423. 
550,  569,  572,  731,  979 
United   Mines  Co..   Colo.  1275 

United   Mines  Corp..  Calif.  233 

United  Porcupine  mine,  Ont.  882 

United  Smelters.  41 

United    States. 

— Cement  production.  714 

— Coal   briquetting — Statistics.  614 

— Coal-mine    accidents.    Fatal.  1313 

— Coal   statistics — British   comparison.        922 
— Gasolene  consumption.  1219 

— Gold  and  silver.  1247 

— Immigration    Commission.         80,    468,    470, 

568,   917,    1305 

— Iron  and  steel.  54 

Structural    steel.  44,    103 

Blastfurnace  distribution,  '159 

Occurrences    in    eastern    half — Map 

and  table  by  States.  *206 

Pig  production,  1910.  211,  300,  340 

Wire  rods.  741 

Finished   iron  and  steel.  1103 

Pig  production,   100  years,  1263 

Plate  and  sheet  production.  1309 

Iron-makhig  capacity.  440 

— Manganeseore   import.s.  908 

— Metals,    Foreign   trade,   six   months.  291 

— Mints  -Elec.    refining   of  bullion.  214 

— Monazite  concentrates.  1056 

— Petroleum,  etc.,  exports,  six  months.       195 

— Precious  stones.    Imports   of.  808 

— Sand  and  gravel.  349 

— Spelter   production   and   consumption.  1 


I'AGE 

— Tinplate   production.  838,   1019 

U.   S.   Coal  &  Coke  Co.  933 

U.  S.  Gold  Dr.  &  Rub.  Co.  883 

U.  S.   Gypsum  Co.  186 

U.   S.   Mining,   Milling  &   Smelting   Co.      1323 

U.   S.  Red.   &  Ret.   Co.  731,   1026 

U.   S.   Smg.,    Ref.   &   Mg.    Co.      ^15,    281,   318, 

383,   620,   732,    13'20 

U.   S.   Steel    Corp.        88,    159,    183,    246,    280, 

300,    529,    588,    630,    621.    806,    848, 

873,    885,    972,    1071,    1101,    1178, 

1226,   1323 

— Flue-dust    utilization,    Pittsburg.  508 

— Thin-lined    blast    furnaces.  172 

— Quarterly   statements.  240,   845,   885 

— Monthly  reports  of  orders 


— The  steel  situation 

— Old-age   pensions. 

U.  S.  Treasury  Co.,  N.  M. 

United    Verde   Cop.    Co. 

United  Zinc   Co. 

Untermyer,   Samuel. 

Universal    Portland    Cement   Co. 

Unwatering  flooded   mines. 

L'nwatering  shaft   by   compressed   air. 

Upper   Harz   metallurgical   industries 


540,  582,  789, 

1035 

1141,    1132 

1208 

313 

363 

90,   138 

187 

88,    183 

639 

848 

347 


Ures,    Hermosillio    and    Sahuaripa    dists.. 

Revival  in.  661 

Utah  and  Nevada,   Remarks  on.  439 

Utah  Apex.  188,  573.  849,  1075 

Utah  coal   lands   withdrawn.        179,   279,   955 
Utah  coalfields.  Activity.  179 

Utah   Consol.  '9,   14,    188,   230,    531,   626, 

704,   786,    *801,   829,   849,   1031,   1223 
— Breaking  of  Highland   Boy  tramway.      751, 

621 
— Timber  carrier.  ^752 

— Labor  and  tonnage  chart.  *754 

— Condition   of  the   mine.  1142,   1150 

— Highland  Boy.  geologic,  work.  1162 

Utah  Cop.  Co.     4,  14,  53,  332,  527.  531,  626, 
732,    737,    786.    805,    829,    834,    984, 
1128,  1180,   1278,   1326 
— To  curtail  production.  198,   212 

— Quarterly   reports.  255,   997 

— ^Operations — Additional    Information.       308 


-Some   remarks. 
■  — Revised   flow  sheet. 
Utah   dividends,    half   vear. 
Utah  Fuel  Co. 
Utah  Gold  &  Cop.   Co. 
Utah  land.  Withdrawal  of. 
Utah    Leasing  Co. 
Utah  Metal  M.  &  M.  Co. 
Utah   mine,   Fish   Springs. 
Utah  Mines  Coalition. 


439 

•1264 

135 

87 

40,   383 

520 

479,   531,   1079 

626,  828,  1027 

139,  929 

140,  384,  930,  984, 

1180,   1326 

Utah   Mining,   M.   &  T.  383,   834,   1325 

Utah  Ore  Sampling  Co.  786 

Utah   Ore-  Shippers'   Agency.  34 

Utah.  Petroleum  developments.  427 

Utah  School  of  Mines.  *560 

Utah  Soc.  of  Engineers.  33,  923,  1319 

Utah-Wyo.  Consol.  Oil  Co.  427 

Utica  Co.,  Calif.  •ei,  •lOO,  281,  1274 

Utley,   H.   H.  923 

Utrecht  colliery.  Natal.  972 


Vacuum   receiver  for  solutions.  ^592 

Valenciana  mine,  Mex.  1156,  •ISIO 

Valley   shaft,   Colo.  1177 

Van  Liew,  W.   Randolph.  229 

Van  Rol  mine,  B.  C.  188,  384,  1180 

Van    Zwaluenburg,    A.      Teziutlan    smelt- 
ery, 'leg,  301 

Vanadium.   Chihuahua   lead  mines.  646 

Vanadium,   Colorimetric  estimation.  810 

Vanadium,  Colo.  1077,   1225,   1275 

Vanadium,  New  Mexico.  903 

Vanadium  ores.  Wet  assay  for.  79 

Vancouver   island   coal.  231,    1023 

Vancouver   iron    ore   deposits.  219 

Vandalia  Coal  Co.  1170 

Vandalia  mine  No.  10  explosion.  824 

Vanner  regulator.  ^202 

Veatch.    .\.   C.      Queensland   legislation.        448 
Vieille    Montague   Zinc    Co.  632 

Velardcfia   dist.,   Mex.,   notes.  1327 

Venezuela,    Petroleum   In.  506 

Ventilating  dredge  hull.  202 

Ventilating    fan.    Starting,    automatically. 

•896,  1244 
Ventilation  by  suction.  La  Norla.  ^704 

Ventilation,      Transvaal  ;     COj    criterion, 

etc.  109,  899,   952 

Ventilation   through  drill   hole.  •6 

Ventilation,  Vital  facts  regarding.  129 

Ventilation,   W.   E.   Fohl   on.  227 

Ventilators,   Hooded,   Utilizing.  568 

Verrill,   C.   V.  827 

Veta    Grande   mine.    Mex.  •404,    ^965 

■\'i(kcrs  Maxim   aluminum    alloy.  617 

A^ictor  American    mine   explosion.      1071,   1151 
Victoria    blast    furnace.    \'a.  518 

Victoria.    Dredging    and    hydraulic    min- 
ing. 516 
Victoria   Falls  &  Transvaal  Power  Co.      1298 
Victoria.    Mich.                                   138,   254,   575 
Victoria,    Utah.           139,    230,    384,    577,    984, 

1325 
Victoria  Tapada,  Mex.  432 

Vidler   tunnel,   Colo.,    Resumption.  355 


INDEX 


TAGK 

Note.  37 

\illn  .\c|iil  nilnp.   linlivia.  10;>4 

Village    Dppp.  205.   357,    308,    797 

\  llla>:i'    Main    Kcpf.    Sand    filling.        204.    398 
\illarpal    mliip.    Calif.  1322 

Vinili<aliir  Consol..   Colo.  185,   381.   I>23 

Vipimd  mine  Ont.  338.  787 

VirRlIlna  ir>p.  (list,  survey.  1227 

Virginian    Il.v.  77.5.   884,   08(> 

Visitors    Closod    door    polliy.  1240 

Vital    facts   pertaining   to  coal    mining.      128, 

.-.8!) 
Vogelstruis  Consol.  Deep.  Roodeport.  4.'>0 
Vogt.   .1.   11.   L.      "Lagerstiitten  dcr  Nutz- 

baren  Minerallen."  +127 

— .Studies   in  slags.  1200 

Von    lirandis.   Charles.  ■>71 

\'oorspned    diamond    mine.  724 

Vulcan   mine.    I'tah.  •'>77 

Vulcan    Suijihur    Co.  24I> 

w 

Waeber,   (Instavus   I!.  181 

Wages.       See   also    "Labor."    etc. 

Wages.  Immigrant  coal  miners'  and  steel 
workers'.         81.  4G8.  470,  568,  017, 

Wages  on   Mesal)l  range. 

Wagi's  paymenl  law,  Ont. 

Wages.  S.iii  .Tnan  dist.,  Colo. 

Waggaman.  \V,  .\I.,  on  phosphate  fields. 

Wagon    freigliting.   Auto,   engines   in. 

Waihi   mine.   N.   Z. 

—  |)eriine   in   shares. 

Waltelield   Iron  &  Coal  Land  Impvt.  Co, 

Waldnuin   mine.  Ont. 

Wales.   South,  coal   industry. 

Walker  anode  wheel. 

Walker,  Col.   Henry  S. 

Walker.  .John  II. 

Walker.  R.     Longwall  mining. 

Walker,  S.  K.     Elec.  reheater. 

— Elee.  shocks  in  coal  mines. 

— Electric    hoisting   in    mining.  • 

Wall,  E.  T.— ^Cabie  grip. 

M'alis.  nosing  cable  way  in.  * 

Wallace.  K.  A.     Unloading  rails. 

Wallace,   .las.   P..   Death  of. 

Wallace.   Lew.   on    Mexico. 

Wallkili  siphon  tunnel. 

Walsh.  .Tames. 

Walsh.  Thomas  F. 

Walten.   K.  (!..  Death  of. 

Walton,   W.   L.     Concentration  recovery. 

Wang  She  Yuen. 

Wardner,  W.  R. 

Warrior    mine.    Ariz. 

Warwick.  A.  W.  Determining  .sun's  de- 
clination from  old  ephemeris.  SO.'^ 

— Recovering  date  by  surveyor's  transit.     fi38 

— Capitalization   of  small  mines.  771 

Washing  iron  ore.   .New  plant.  Mesabi. 

Wastiington  as  mining  State. 

Wnshington,    Coal.  37C, 

Washington.   I'etroleum  in. 

Washington   Steel  &  Iron  Co. 

Washingt<m,    rniversity   of. 

Washington   \\'aler  I'ower  Co.  427 

Washington.    II.    S.      "Chem.    .\nalvsis   of 

Rocks."  tl27 

Washington  mine,  Mex. 

Wa.shoe  Cop.  Co.  14.  00.  157.  526.  620, 


1 305 

1244 

1123 

809 

87 

708 

168 

500 

626 

188 

972 

•1113 

467 

340.  493 

1093 

•395 

725 

•1014 

•351 

•1096 

592 

85 

659 

1066 
.331 
852 

1173 
541 

1221 
331 

1124 


712 
958 
920 
957 
834.  1128 
1319 


189 

828 
828 
286 
115 


Washoe  sampling  works  fire.  234, 

Washougal  fjold  &  Cop.  Co. 

Wassaw   mine.   West   Af. 

Wastes    in    smeltery    gases,    Process    for 

saving.  1164 
Water.      See   also   'Tump." 

Water.    Cementing    off.    from    oil  wells.       2.50 

Water-coolefl    blast    furnaces.  172 

Water    frontage.    N.    Y.    harbor.  758 

Water,    .Mill.    Conservation    of.  '266 

Water  power.  Northern  Ont.  1163 

Water  power  plant.   Mond.  ^364 

Water   prohleni.    Peculiar.   Candelaria.  658 

Water    removal    with    ednctors.  SO.S 

Water,    Removing,    from    mines,  639,    ^848 

Water.    Surface.    Inrushes   of.  ^073 
Water.  Top.  on    iigs.   Device  to  reduce.      ^399 

Water   wheel.  Control    for.  •638 

Waterman  fiold  Mg.  Co.  574.  1076 

Waters-Pierce  oil  contract.  1104 

Watklns.  Thomas  H.  827 

Watson.  A.  W.  and  S.     Insurance  data.         23 

Watt.   Stewart.   Death  of.  1271 

Webb  Cv.   Smg.   &   .Mfg.  Co.  1104 

Webb  Coal  &  Mg.  Co.  286 

Webber.  G.  E.  977 

Webster.   E.   H.  571 

Weed.   Walter   Harvey.  1271 

Weight    of    learning.  247 

Weil,   V.   M.  1221 

Weill.  Count  Andre.  996 
Weingreen.    J.      "Elec 

gineerlng." 
Welntraub.  E.     Copper  castings. 
Welch.    I.    .\..    Death    of. 
Wellington  colliery   explosion. 
Weilman  Seaver    Morgan   apparatus 


Power   Plant   En- 


t570 
1154 
278 
466 
>205. 
•817 

Wentworth.   H.    A.      Electrostatic   separa- 
tion of  minerals  In  ores.  '15 
West  Af.  gold  mines.  Statistical  position.  114 
West    .\ustrnlin.      See   ".Xustralla." 
West   Hear   Ridge  colliery.  524 
West   Knd.  Tonopah,  Nev.  530 


I'At:K 

West,    II.    E.      Tube-uiill    power.  1243 

West  Kendall.  Mont.  138 

West  .Mexican  .Mines  Co.  883.  1081 

West   Quincy.   Utah.  684.   737,   984,    1032. 

1080,  1228 
West  Rand  Consol.  189 

West    Va.,    Coal    production.      470,    628,    775, 

1075,  1142 

—  Notes  on  the  Industry.  775 
— Shipments,  fiscal  year.  933 
— Relation  to  underlying  oil.  1075 
West  Va.  Coal  Mg.  Inst.  •419,  1075 
West  Va.  gas  deal,  important.  761 
West  Va.,  Nor.,  Coal  mining.  '1119 
West  Va.  Oeol.  Surv.  jmbs.  +13 
We.st  Va.  mines.  Electricity  in.  '28 
West  Va.  oil  and  gas  notes.  823 
West  \'a.  oilfields.  Notes.  69 
Westby.  G.  C.     Process  for  saving  wastes 

in   smeltery  gases.  1164 

Western   Can.   Collieries   Co.   explosion.   1289. 

1317 
Western  Elec.  haulage  material.  ^803 

Western  Federation   of  Miners.  440 

Western    Fuel    Co.  201,    230,    1023 

Western    Lithographic    Stone   Co.  1016 

Western    -Magnesite    Co.  136,    903 

Western  .Metals  Co. — .Malm  plant.  6'20,  1320 
Western    .Mining   Co.  620 

Western    Pacific    R.    R.  620,    770 

Western    Penn.   Coal   Miners'   Insts.  977 

Western    Steel    Corp.  135.    183,   471,    tJ25 

Wcstliiglioiise  Elec.  Co.  91 

\\'est  iiiglioiise   hoisting  system.  *1015 

Wesilunil.   (>.   F.  923 

Westmoreland    Coal    Co.,    Penn.  1117 

Weston  E.  M.     City  Deep  mill.  '26 

— Transvaal    report.  356 

-  -T)e  P.eers  and   Premier  diamond  Cos.        503 

Groenfontein  tin  mines.  ^515 

-  Randfontein   Central   mill.  •970 

-Whltford-.VIiils   skip   loader.  •1140 

— Whitford-Mills  skip-changing  device.  •I  105 
Weston.  W.  425 

— Red   Mtn.  dist..   Colo.  798,  473 

Wettlaufer   mine,    Ont.  1032,   1081,    127!) 

Wettiaufer,   E.  377 

Wharton   Steel   Co.  625 

Wheat  lev,   Robert.  85 

Wheels,  Sand,  Calumet  &  llecla.  ^218,  772 
Wheelock,    A.    A.,    Death    of.  1025 

White   Chief  M.   &  M.   Co.  ^657 

White.    E.    E.      Controlling   curvature    of 

diamond-drill    holes.  •546 

White,  .Tames.  525 

White  lead,  Sublimated,  and  lead  poison- 
ing. 1061,  113 
White  lead.  Sublimated,  manufacture.  •OOB 
White  Pass  &  Yukon  Ry.  621 
White  Rock  mine.  Utah.  1325 
White  vs.  Miller.  1247 
Whitewater  group.  B.  C.  258.  286,  578.  1326 
Whitford-.Mills  skip  loader.  ^1146 
Skip  changing  device.  ^1195 
Whittier Olinda  oilfield  map.  1154 
Whitweii.  Wm.,  Death  of.  779 
"Who's  Who  in  Jig.  and  Met."  1127 
Wick.  Mvron  C,  Death  of.  181 
Wickhatri  tract.  N.  Y".  1247 
Wieland.  Prof.  G.  R.  668 
Wilcox,  L.  L.  Drill  sharpener.  •I 242 
Wild  (ioose  Mg.  Co.  865 
Wild  (Joose  Mg.  &  Tr.  Co.  768,  865 
Wile  electric  furnace.  357 
Wiiev,  W.  Murdoch.  1271 
Wllkes-Parre  Coal  Co.  689 
Wilkes  Harre  Mg.  Inst.  683,  875 
Wilkins,  William.  331 
Williams,  ,Iohn.  Death  of.  181 
Williams,  R.  N.  Elec.  in  W.  Va.  mines.  ^28 
Williams.  R.  Y.  Rescue  stations.  III.  •176 
Williams.  William.  923 
Wilson.  Alfred  W.  G.  685 
Wilson.  .1.  H.  Mitchell  slicing  system.  1291 
Wilson,  ,1.  E.  Modified  back  stoping.  •9,50 
Wilson,  ,Iohn  S.  •1296 
Wilson,  Valentine,  Death  of.  923 
Wilson.  W.  L.     Revival  In  Ures,  Hermo- 

sillo  and   Sahuaripa  dlsts.  661 

Winch.    Portable.  1049 

Winch.  Timber  hoist  and.  ^1094 

Wlnchell.    Horace  V.  571,   1073.    1173 

Winglield,   Geo.  735,    785 

Winona    mine.   Mich.  283,   982.   1226 

WInstanley.  G.   II.  466.   1118 

Winzes — Lights  :    guard    rail.  707,    801 

Wire-rod  prodtictb^n,  U.   S.  741 

Wires,   Trollev.   Supporting.  898 

Wisconsin  Zinc  Co.  690,   1279 

Withdrawals.    Land.       See   "Land,"   etc. 
Wltherbee,   Sherman  &  Co.      905,   929,   •1148. 

•1295 
Witte.  F.     .\gglomeratlon  of  manganlfer- 

nus  ilmonite  ore.  '216 

Wittlch.   L.   L.      Doubledee  plunger.  •593 

Witwatersrand.         See     "Rand,"     "Trans- 
vaal." 
Wolf.   .1.   H.  G.     Calif,   oil  dividends.  750 

Wolf   Timgue   mine.    Colo.  1058.    1077 

Wollenberg.  H.  L.  Comparison  of  gyra- 
tory and  jaw  crushers.  •509 
Wolves  cause  smeltery  shutdown.  1192 
Wolverine  Mich.  "  429 
Women,  .Vmerlcan,  mtns.  of  Peru.  ^223 
Wonder   Gold   Dredge  &  Mg.   Co.      •859,   864 


rAci; 
Wood.   I',  L.     Drop  shaft  sinking.  •OlS 

Wood.   Richard.   Death  of.  779 

Wood.    Scoop    for    dipping    from    stamp 

mortars.  ^353 

Wood.    W.    W.       Earthed    and    Insulated 

neutrals.  ^275 

Woodbridge.   D.   E.  1025,  932 

Woodward,  W.   II.;  death.  730,  1121 

Woodward  Iron  Co.  329 

Woodworth.  R.  U.    Combination  steel  and 

wood   timbers.  1293 

Worcester,   S.  A.     Auto,   fan  starter.        ^806. 

1244 
Work  Co..  Colo.  831 

Work,  Standards  of.  302.  441.  541.  588,  589 
Working  hours.  Rigid,  Handicaps  of.  1115 

World,    I'recious-metal    production.  1247 

Worth  Iluskey  Coal  Co.  575 

Wrench,    Emergency.  .    ^205 

Wright.   II.   B.  1121 

Wright.   Howard  G.  472 

Wright.   L.   T.      Flue   dust   and   fume   In 

smeltery  gases.  Ill 

Wurtz.  Henry,  Death  of.  1025 

Wvandoh,  Ont,  140,  1081,  1129 

Wyman  .Mg.  Co.  •Oeo 

A\'voming,    Asbestos    industry.  •559,    ^955 

—  Notes.  834.  895 

\A'voming.     Coal-mining    plant.     Superior 

Coal  Co.'s.  ^224 

Y 

Yak   tunnel.  Colo.     137,  335.  429.   1077.   1323 
Yankee   Consol.,    Utah.      236.   577,   626.    786. 
834,  1079,   1127 
Yakima  rlv..  Wash.,  gold  find.  384 

Yampa    mine    and    smelterv.       279,    332,    527. 

881 
Yankee  tiiri    mine,   Colo.  473,   798 

Yaqui    Smg.    &    Ref.    Co.  158,    662 

Yard.  H.  H..  decision.  924,  1074,  1122,  13'20 
Yeandle.    William   H.  1319 

Yealman.   P..   Report  of.  945,  •1002 

Yellow   Eve  group,  Colo.  828 

Y'eliow  .Tackct   Co.  926 

Yeliowpine  mining  dist..   Nev.  1308 

Yerington.   H.   M.,   Death   of.  1121 

Y'olande   mines,   Ala.,    explosion.      979.    1024. 

1071,   1218 
Vonuivo   mine   and   mill.   Chihuahua.        •811, 

1129 
Young,  C.  M.,  on  black  powder.  974 

Young.  .7.   II.  209 

Yuba    Consol.    Goldfields.  61.    ^154.    ^306. 

•447,  473,  766 
Yukon   Gold   Co.  •412,   480 

Y'ukon  &  N,   W.  geol.   explorations,  201 


Zaaiplaats  tin  mine.  *515 

Zacatecas-r)urango  R.  R.  820 

Zacatecas  Mg.   Asso.  683,  923 

Zacatecas  Mp.  &  Met.  Co.     338.  579,  691.  932 
Zacatecas  miners'  association.  338 

Zacatecas   &  Orient    Ry.  1156 

Zeehan.   .\ltering  furnace  capacity   at.        595 
Zelgler  mine.    HI.  1225 

Zellweger   kilns.    Roasting   blende   in.  ^502 

Ziramermann,   Wm.   F.  683 

Zinc.     See  also  "Spelter." 

Zinc.    Arizona.  363 

Zinc   at    Leadviile.      620.    635.   637.   684,   831, 
876,   054,   981,   996.   1026,   1142.   1272 
Zinc.   Brit.   Col.  257,   25S 

Zinc  determination.  Cananea.  648 

Zinc  dist..   Yeilowplne.   Nev.  1308 

Zinc  distillation     Note.  1091 

Zinc  dust    feeder.  '447,    894 

Zinc-dust  processes — Cyaniding.  857 

Zinc,   European,  convention.  632.   1134,  1151, 

1200 
Zinc   furnaces.    Mechanically   charged.  346 

Zinc — (iarrison-Whipple   condenser.  ^722 

Zinc   Industry.   Lead   poisoning   in.  113 

Zinc    industry.    Remarkable   situation.  795 

zinc,  ,Toplln  dist.,  conditions.  ^7,59 

zinc,    .loplin      Improved    methods   needed.    117 
Zinc  lead  mining.  Mo..  Notes.  _  1110 

Zinc-lead    ores.    Duty    on.  57.    103 

Zinc.  Mexico.  Shipments  from.  262 

— Would  smelteries  pay?  268 

— Freight  rates.  6.^6 

Zinc   mining   in   Chihuahtia.  679 

Zinc.   Mo.      Vernon  countv  discovery.  234 

Zinc.    Mont..    Sen.    Clark   on.  23ci 

zinc.    New    .Ter.sey   mining.  966 

zinc  ore.  .Assay  of  lead  in.  408 

Zinc-ore  bins.   Heating.  1241 

Zinc   ore.    Hrlquetted.   Smelting.  323,   751 

Zinc  ore.   penalty   for   Iron.  894,   760 

Zinc-oxide  works.   Los  Angeles.  475 

"Zinc    Pigments.    Lead    and."  tl220 

Zinc  retort    charger.    Dor-Delattre's.  ^73 

zinc  retort    residues   analysis.  12.S9 

zinc   separation      HulT  separator.  ^15 

Zincsillcate  milling.  1223 

Zinc   smelterv.    Decring.    Kan.  ^.502 

Zinc  smelting   in   Kansas.  748 

Zinc.  U.  S.  — Production  and  consump- 
tion of  spelter.  1 
Zlrconla  sand.  Prazll.  89."? 
Zomelahuacau  mines.  Mex.  ^1017 
Zueblln  system  ore  chutes.  •902 
Zug.  Chas.   IL.  Death  of.                                875 


TJfE 

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r.fiY.Y.Y.Y.Y,Y,-^.y 


.Y.Y.T.Y.YryiTi\ 


ENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED 


^WEEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary ■%.  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
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lent, T>}>  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
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mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  go 


JULY    2,    IQIO. 


NO. 


(■ii!vLi,.rrio.\   AT.i77;.i//..\  r 

Itiirinq     1000     wc    prinfed    and     circulated 
."i34.."i()0    copiCK     of     The     Kxoinkkkinc.     and 

MlMNU     .I<URNAI.. 

Our  circulntioii  for  June,  1010,   ivas  42,000 
copicn, 

Jiijy    2 11.000 

Konc  ttcllt   free   rctjitlnrlil.   no   hack    nttmhcrs. 
Fiffurcn    arc    )iv<  .    net    lircutntiun  _ 


Contents  page 

Kditorials  : 

I'rodiK-linn   nnd   (  uiismnption  of  Spelter 

In   r.ioo 1 

Copper    Statistics 2 

Goldfield    Consolidated 2 

Correspondence    and    Iilscusslon: 

Shaft  IMumblnK.  ...  Protective  Allia- 
llnity  In  Cyanide  Solutions.  ...  Uapid 
MetlK)d  for  Iteteriiiinln;j:  Copper  in 
Slags.  ...  indifference  to  Mining  Laws 
....Spnrions   rotassium   Cyanide....      3 

Copper    Production 4 

Geological    Survey    Appropriation. 

Wa^Jiintfton    Correspondence     5 
Internal  Commerce  during  May,    lOlo...      5 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  Company '» 

Mining  in  I'anama ."> 

Details  of   practical    Mining: 

•Mine  Wntllation  llirougli  a  Iirill 
Hole .  .  .  .  I luportauce  of  .\ir  Cost  in 
Machine  1  (rilling.  ...  *I.arge  I'luler- 
ground  Station  in  a  CiEur  d'Alene 
.Mine. ...  Landing  Chairs  for  Mine 
Cages.  .  .  .•Leaning  Slope  Sets.  .  .  .Va- 
riables Indneni'lng  Cyanide  Plant  De- 
sign. ...  •'I'ui-ntahle  for  .Mine  Cars...  i: 
Rep<irt    of  the  Tennessei'  Copper  Company   In 

Safety  in  Mines  and  in  Mills II 

The    History    of    the    Kock    Drill. 

ir.    I..    Sniindcrit   12 

West   Virginia    Geological    Survey 13 

Mining   Industry   in   fJuatemaia 13 

The    (iovernment    Testing    Plant. 

Wa-shinifton   C'orrespondeuee  13 
Cost   of    Metallurgical    Worlds. 

IV.    R.    Iniialli   M 
•Electrostatic    Separation    of    Minerals    in 

Ores llcnry  A.   Wcniirorlh   1." 

Mineral    Prodnitlon   of  Chile 17 

•History    and     Knvlew    of    the    Xiler    In- 
dustry of  Chile Mark  It.  I.amh   18 

Data    on    the    Mortalitv   and    Morl.iilltv    of 

Miners      II Frederick  h.   Hoffman  23 

•The   Clly    Deep    .Mill K.    M.    WckIo,,    20 

A  Slandaril   Series  of  Screens  for   Labora- 
tory  Testing Theodore    I .   Ilooier  27 

•Eleclrlcily    in   West  Virginia    Minrs 

le.    \eil     Williams  2S 
Comparative    Merits    of    Coal    .Mining    In- 
vestments  Floyd    ir.    Farsona   32 

Safety   Chnrnliers  In   Conl   Mines 32 

The  Scranloti   Mine  Cave  Problem 32 

Personal.   Obituary   and   Societies 33 

Editorial    Correspondence 34 

Mining   N<'\vs .3(i 

Markets   42 

Mining    I'xiex 40 

Current     I'rices    of    Chemicals,    Uare    Min- 
erals,   Earths,    Etc ,12 

*l,,u  •lial    .1. 


Production  and  Consumption  of 
Spelter   in   1909 

In  the  Journal  of  April  2,  1910,  we  re- 
ported our  final  statistics  of  the  produc- 
tion of  virgin  spelter  in  the  United  States 
in  1909.  We  are  now  able  to  complete 
the  record  by  reporting  the  production 
from  scrap,  dross  and  other  waste  pro- 
ducts. The  combined  statistics  appear  in 
the  accompanying  table. 

PRODUCTION    OF    SPELTElt. 
(In  tons  of  2000  lb.) 
Smelters.  190K.         lOO'.i. 

1.  Ore     2T0..-)11      26r.,4(12 

2.  Dross   and   scrap 12,1.10       14,.5Gs 

Totals     222.661      281.030 

These  statistics  require  considerable 
explanation.  The  production  of  the  ore 
smelters  includes  some  metal  derived 
from  dross,  the  amount  of  which  cannot 
ci'.sily  be  reported  separately.  The  pro- 
duction credited  to  the  dross  and  scrap 
smelters  is  doubtless  incomplete,  owing  to 
small  concerns  that  escape  enumeration. 
Moreover,  it  is  somewhat  uncertain  where 
to  draw  the  line  in  the  statistical  account- 
ing of  their  production.  Some  is  re- 
smelted;  some  is  merely  remelted.  When 
such  spelter  is  marketed  in  slabs  it  plays 
the  same  part  in  the  trade  as  does  virgin 
spelter.  In  fact  there  is  some  spelter 
reproduced  from  waste  products  that  is  of 
superior  quality  as  compared  with  virgin 
prime  western.  Besides  the  zinc  that  re- 
turns to  the  market  in  this  way,  a  good 
deal  of  scrap  zinc  is  utilized  directly  in 
the  manufacture  of  such  chemical  pro- 
ducts as, zinc  chloride,  zinc  sulphate  and 
lithophone.  This  is  not  statistically  ac- 
counted. 

In  previous  years  we  have  reported  the 
domestic  consumption  of  spelter  accord- 


ing to  purpose  upon  the  basis  of  reports 
made  by  the  consumers.  These  reports 
have  covered  the  major  part  of  the  con- 
sumption. It  has  not  been  possible  to  se- 
cure reports  from  some  consumers  of  zinc 
for  brass-making  and  for  miscellaneous 
purposes,  but  with  nearly  complete 
reports  for  galvanizing  and  sheet  zinc  and 
assuming  that  consumption  was  equal  to 
deliveries  it  was  possible  to  supply  miss- 
ing returns  by  difference.  For  1908  and 
1909,  however,  this  was  impossible,  the 
consumption  in  those  years  having  been 
materially  less  than  the  deliveries,  as  is 
well  known.  Our  reports  for  consump- 
tion In  1908  and  1909  are  consequently  to 
be  regarded  more  in  the  nature  of  an  esti- 
mate than  have  been  those  of  previous 
years.  As  an  indication  of  the  basis  of 
estimate,  however,  we  may  say  that  the 
returns  actually  received  for  1909  aggrc: 
gate  134,607  tons.  Our  estitnate  of  con- 
sumption is  given  in  accompanying  tables. 

CONSIMI'TION      OF      SPELTElt      IN      THE 

r.NlTED    STATES. 

(In    tons   of   2000    ib.) 

I'liiriose.  mos.       1900. 

ilaivani/.Ing    IIO.OOO  164,000 

Itrass     33,(1011  4.>*,000 

Sheet     zinc 27.000  33.000 

Lead    desllverization 2,.)0il  2. ROD 

Other    purpo.ses ]o,0OO  14,000 

Totals     mi,,™!)     261,600 

Deliveries    228,785     .301,034 

PEIICENTAGE    OF    CONSVMPTION, 

I'urpose,                                    1908.  1909. 

Per  Cent.  Per  Cent. 

Galvanizing    62.2  62.7 

Brass     17.2  18.3 

Sheet    zinc 14.1  12.6 

Lead     desllvorl7.ntlDn 1.3  1.0 

Other     purposes '\.\>  5.4 

Totals     100.0  100.0 

The  Statistics  for  consumption  both  in 
1908  and  1909  are  probably  under  the 
true  totals,  but  even  after  making  allow- 
ance for  the  tendency  of  statistics  that 
have  to  be  collected  from  a  multitude  of 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


small  consumers  to  fail  by  omissions, 
there  is  nevertheless  no  doubt  that  in  1909 
the  actual  consumption  fell  short  of  the 
deliveries  by  an  even  greater  amount  than 
in  1908.  This  means  that  at  the  end  of 
each  year  the  galvanizers,  brass-makers, 
etc.,  had  supplies  to  large  amount  in  their 
yards  and  possibly  spelter  may  also  have 
been  in  warehouse  for  speculative  ac- 
counts besides  that  which  was  carried  at 
the  smelteries.  It  is  especially  the  time 
required  for  the  digestion  of  these  invisi- 
ble supplies  that  accounts  for  the  low 
range  of  spelter  price  during  the  last  two 
years,  relieved  only  by  the  fitful  rise  in 
1909  when  it  was  feared  that  the  Payne 
tariff  was  going  to  reduce  ore  supply. 

The  actual  consumption  of  spelter  has 
increased  largely,  the  amount  in  1909  be- 
ing the  largest  on  record,  but  the  pro- 
duction has  been  too  big.  The  spelter 
business  is  in  fact  in  precisely  the  same 
situation  as  the  copper  business,  except 
that  in  copper  the  major  part  of  the  ac- 
cumulated surplus  is  "visible,"  whereas 
in  spelter  the  reverse  was  the  case  at  the 
end  of  1909  and  probably  now  also. 


Copper  Statistics 


We  seldom  undertake  to  prophesy  the 
reports  of  the  Copper  Producers'  Associa- 
tion, but  it  is  reasonably  safe  to  say  that 
the  statement  for  June  will  show  an  in- 
crease in  the  visible  accumulation  in  this 
country.  As  to  what  the  combined  figures 
for  America  and  Europe  will  show  is  an- 
other matter.  We  are  referring  to  this 
subject  at  present  in  order  to  point  out 
once  more  that,  while  these  statistics  are 
illuminating  and  valuable,  and  something 
for  which  the  industry  ought  to  be  duly 
thankful,  nevertheless  they  should  not  be 
made  the  basis  for  deductions  of  too  great 
refinement,  and  certainly  not  by  persons 
who  are  inexpert  in  the  industry.  This 
will  appear,  we  think,  by  a  consideration 
of  some  anomalies  and  omissions  in  the 
statistics. 

The  statistics  of  the  Copper  Producers' 
Association  are  based  upon  refined  cop- 
per. They  disregard  the  rough  copper  at 
the  smelteries  and  refineries,  and  in  tran- 
sit between  them.  The  production  fig- 
ures include  the  copper,  about  1,000,000 
lb.  per  month,  refined  from  scrap  and 
junk,  but  do  not  include  the  production 
of  about  3,000,000  lb.  per  month  by  the 


concerns  that  confine   their  attemion   to         Sales  of  copper  do  not  imply  deliveries 
business  in  scrap  and  junk.  right  away,  either  domestically  or  for  ex- 

The  European  statistics  cover  supplies,  port,  and  vice  versa  deliveries  jjo  not  im- 
deliveries,  and  stocks.  These  statistics  in-  ply  cotemporaneous  transactions.  Manu- 
clude  more  or  less  rough  copper,  along     facturers  do  not  generally  buy  from  hand 

to  mouth,  and  the  sale  of  copper  is  usu- 


with  the  refined  and  "standard,"  and  con 
sequently  are  not  compiled  upon  the  same 
basis  as  the  American  figures.  The  report 
of  stocks  comprises  copper  in  warehouse 
at  British  depots  and  in  certain  French 
ports.  The  copper  at  other  European  ports 
is  not  counted,  though  there  is  apt  to  be 
a  considerable  supply  at  Antwerp,  Rotter- 
dam and  Hamburg.  The  copper  arriving 
at  those  ports  is  apparently  entered  with 
the  supplies  and  checked  out  at  once  as 
deliveries,  the  deliveries  going  partly  to 


ally  in  contracts  for  future  deliveries.  The 
copper  exported  on  one  day  may  have 
been  sold  three  months  previously. 


Goldfield  Consolidated 


In    his    management    of   the    Goldfield 

Consolidated,  J.   R.    Finlay   is  exhibiting 

himself  as  a  man  who  practices  what  he 

manufacturers  and  partly  into  warehouse.     P'"e^'=hes.    Before  emering  upon  this  po- 

Among  the  supplies  reported  in  the  Eu 


ropean  statistics  is  included  the  copper 
afloat  from  Chile  and  Australia,  but  the 
copper  afloat  from  America,  almost  al- 
ways as  large  in  amount,  is  not  included, 
although  it  is  a  part  of  the  visible  supply. 
In  order  to  determine  actual  consump- 
tion, it  is  necessary  to  know  about  what 
is  technically  called  the  "invisible"  supply 
of  refined  copper.  This  includes  unre- 
ported copper  in  warehouse,  as  at  Ant- 
werp, Rotterdam  and  Hamburg,  and  cop- 
per in  the  yards  of  manufacturers.  Over 
a  fairly  long  period  of  time,  deliveries 
may  be  fairly  taken  as  corresponding  to 
consumption,  but  in  considering  the  fig- 
ures for  a  month,  a  semester,  or  even  a 
year,  the  variation  may  be  so  consider- 
able as  to  be  misleading.  Thus,  we  think 
that,  although  during  the  last  five  months 


sition  he  had  put  himself  on  record  in 
favor  of  complete  publicity  respecting  the 
affairs  of  public  companies,  and  of  start- 
ing the  real  cost  of  production  rather 
than  the  partial  or  imaginary  cost,  where- 
in many  operators  deceive  themselves  and 
their  followers.  The  Goldfield  Consoli- 
dated, under  Mr.  Finlay's  management, 
has  been  making  monthly  reports  to  its 
stockholders  that  other  mining  companies 
may  well  adopt  as  their  model.  The  cost 
of  production  is  stated  in  what  we  may 
call  its  penultimate  term;  not  the  ulti- 
mate, because  the  necessary  allowance  of 
liquidation  of  assets  is  not  made,  but  that 
is  something  which  the  stockholders  must 
do  for  themselves  and  is  outside  the 
province  of  the  mine  manager,  who  has 
done  his  full  duty  when  he  has  given  the 
stockholders  all  available  data  for  their 


there  has  been  an  increase  in  the  visible  °^"  estimates  in  this  respect.  The  state- 
supply,  indicating  production  in  excess  of  ""^"^  °^  "^^  ^^^^  '=0**  °f  production  by  the 
consumption,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  re-     Goldfield   Consolidated     involved   a    rude 

transition  from  the  previous  method,  but 
this  was  bravely  met. 

The  latest  step  by  the  Goldfield  Con- 
solidated is  the  inauguration  of  an  im- 
proved system  for  the  protection  of  its 
employees  against  accidents.  Mr.  Finlay 
is  a  member  of  a  committee  that  is  about 
to  make  a  report  upon  this  question,  af- 
fecting   the    mining     industry     broadly 


verse  has  been  actually  the  case. 

The  form  in  which  the  stock  of  copper 
exists  is  also  a  consideration  of  some  im- 
portance. The  first  form  in  which  elec- 
trolytically  refined  copper  appears  is  as 
cathodes,  which  are  a  marketable  form. 
Not  very  much  goes  into  consumption  in 
that  shape  in  the  United  States,  but  a 
good  deal  of  cathode  copper  is  exported 


to  Europe.     However,  for  many  purposes  speaking.    Without  waiting  for  discussion 

manufacturers    require   ingots   and-  wire  and  legislation,  the  Goldfield  Consolidated 

bars,  and  require  them  to  be  of  certain  of  its  own   volition   has  put   into  effect 

specifications.     Thus  it  may  happen  that  rules  and  regulations  that  experience  and 

although  there  be  a  large  stock  of  refined  common  sense  have  shown  to    be    wise, 

copper  in  Europe  and  a  small  stock  in  This  will  put  exceptional  emphasis  upon- 

this  country,  with  the  European  price  a  the  forthcoming  report  of  the  committee 

little  below  our  parity,  we  may  still  sell  above   referred   to   and   affords  also   an- 

CGpper  for  export   to   meet  specifications  other  example  that  may  well  be  emulated 

that  cannot  so  easily  be  supplied  abroad.  by  mining  companies. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


Shaft  Plumbing 


In  the  Journal,  June  4,  an  article  was 
published  on  a  "Modern  Method  of 
Plumbing  a  Shaft,"  which  contained  sev- 
eral points  calling  for  criticism.  In  the 
first  place,  it  is  difficult  to  line  in  the 
wires  at  the  surface,  with  sufficient  ac- 
curacy. It  must  be  remembered  that  an 
error  of  0.01  in.  in  the  position  of  a  wire, 
when  the  wires  are  3  ft.  apart,  introduces 
a  one-minute  error  of  azimuth.  The 
wires  should  first  be  lowered,  and  the 
plummets  hung  on  and  adjusted,  before 
any  observations  are  made,  as  nothing  is 
more  annoying  than  for  the  wires  to 
break  after  one-half  of  the  sights  have 
been  taken.  The  transit  is  then  set  up  on 
surface,  and  lined  in  with  the  wires;  Its 
axis  being  located  by  a  peg  in  the  ground, 
or  by  means  of  a  "temporary  center."  The 
temporary  center  consists  of  a  lead  disk, 
3  in.  in  diameter  and  1  in.  thick,  and 
slightly  concave  on  the  top  and  painted 
white.  In  the  center  of  this  surface  is 
cast  a  small  carpet  tack,  point  upward. 
This  point  can  be  accurately  placed  under 
the  plumb-bob  hung  from  the  transit. 
Care  must,  of  course,  be  taken  to  insure 
that  this  center  be  not  kicked  or  other- 
wise moved  while  the  work  is  in  progress. 

By  the  time  the  surface  operations  have 
been  made,  the  plummets  at  the  shaft  bot- 
tom will  have  come  to  rest,  and  the  un- 
derground observations  can  be  quickly 
taken.  If  there  are  strong  air  currents  or 
much  falling  water  in  the  shaft,  an  18-lb. 
plummet  is  not  heavy  enough;  one  weigh- 
ing 50  to  60  lb.  is  preferable,  hung  on 
steel  piano  wire.  When  using  iron  plum- 
mets, care  must  be  taken  that  there  are 
no  masses  of  Iron  near  the  shaft  bottom, 
such  as  piles  of  rails  or  iron  pipes,  which 
could  become  magnetized,  and  cause  the 
wires  to  be  deflected. 

There  is  no  necessity,  underground,  for 
the  transit  to  be  placed  as  much  as  50 
ft.  from  the  wires;  it  may  with  advantage 
be  placed  as  near  to  them  as  the  tele- 
scope will  focus,  which,  with  the  ordl- 
nai7  mine  transit.  Is  about  10  ft.  In  this 
case  there  is  no  necessity  for  a  ring  in 
the  rear  wire,  since  only  one  wire  is  in 
focus  at  a  time.  The  only  extra  precau- 
tion to  be  taken  is  to  insure  that  the  line 
of  collimation  is  the  same,  when  the  tele- 
scope Is  focused  on  objects  at  different 
distances.  The  use  of  the  temporary 
center  is  a  great  convenience  and  time- 
saver  underground  as  drilling  a  hole  in 
the  roof  above  a  set-up  instrument  Is 
neither  an  easy  nor  a  safe  proceeding.  A 
"shaft  plumbing"  is  one  of  the  most  deli- 


cate operations  which  a  mine  surveyor  is 
called  upon  to  perform,  and  too  much  at- 
tention cannot  be  given  to  details,  if  an 
accurate  result  is  desired. 

T.  B.  Greenfield. 
El  Oro,  Mexico,  June  20,  1910. 


Protective  Alkalinity   in  Cyanide 
Solutions 

.Articles  in  the  Journal  of  March  12, 
page  5ti0,  and  May  28,  1910,  page  1101, 
call  attention  to  an  error  which  may  be 
introduced  in  the  estimation  of  protective 
alkalinity  if  iodide  indicator  be  used; 
moreover,  phenol-phthalein  indicator  has 
the  disadvantage  of  being  affected  by 
ammonia,  of  which  there  Is  generally 
more  or  less  present  in  mill  solutions. 

The  following  method  of  estimating 
protective  alkalinity  was  devised  by  me 
in  1901  and  used  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  I  am  not  aware  that  any 
one  had  previously  used  it,  or  whether  it 
has  ever  been  published.  It  is  not  men- 
tioned in  Clennell's  earlier  work,'  so  that 
it  seems  likely  that  it  was  not  generally 
known  at  that  time. 

It  is  assumed  in  this  method  that  "free 
cyanide"  is  the  active  solvent  which  Is 
to  be  protected  against  acid  action,  and 
that  in  presence  of  zinc  all  other  alkal- 
ine substances  exercise  a  protective  in- 
fluence. 

Method  of  Estimating  Protective 
Alkalinity 

Determine  the  "free  cyanide"  by  ti- 
tration with  silver  nitrate,  using  neutral 
potassic  iodide  indicator.  In  another  por- 
tion determine  the  "total  alkalinity"  by 
titration  with  I/lOn  sulphuric  acid,  us- 
ing methyl-orange  indicator.  Subtract 
the  alkali  equivalent  of  the  "free  cyan- 
ide" from  the  "total  alkalinity,"  the  re- 
sult   is   the   "protective    alkalinity." 

The  alkalinity  values  are  most  con- 
veniently expressed  in  terms  of  CaO,  as 
equal  to  so  many  pounds  of  lime  per  ton 
of  solution,  lime  being  the  alkali  gener- 
ally used  to  secure  a  protective  alkalin- 
ity. 1  CO.  l/IO  n.  H.SO,  =  0.0028  gram 
CaO  =  0.1  lb.  CaO  per  ton  on  a  56  c.c. 
test.  1  c.c.  l/IO  n.  H,SO,  =  0.0065  gram 
KCN,  therefore  65  KCN  =  28  CaO,  or 
1   KCN  =  9,43  CaO. 

Therefore,  multiply  the  pounds  KCN 
per  ton  found  by  the  silver  nitrate  titra- 
tion by  0.43,  and  subtract  the  result  from 
the  pounds  CaO  per  ton  found  by  the 
acid   titration.     The   result  is  the   protec- 

'■'f'liomlstrv   of  C.ynnlde  Solutions."   in04. 


tive  alkalinity  in  terms  of  pounds  CaO 
per  ton. 

I  have  found  this  method  to  give  In 
practice  a  reliable  Indication  of  alkalin- 
ity, the  solutions  working  properly  as 
long  as  the  test  showed  protective  alkal- 
inity, but  when  the  test  showed  none,  or 
an  acidity,  the  solutions  were  acid  and 
worked   badly. 

I  may  mention  that  I  have  found  the 
"Schuchardt"  methyl  orange  far  superior 
to  most  brands  for  use  on  mill  solutions, 
as  it  will  give  a  distinct  point  with  foul 
solutions  which  some  others  will  not, 
though  they  give  a  good  enough  end 
point  on  fresh  clean  solution. 

Ralston   Bell. 

Edinburgh,   June   6,    1910. 


Rapid  Method  for  Determining 
Copper  in  Slags 

A.  W.  Diack  and  Thorn  Smith  have 
stated  that  the  "Rapid  Method  of  Deter- 
mining Copper  in  Slags"  published  in 
the  Journal  of  December  25,  1909,  is 
open  to  two  criticisms,  as  follows:  (1) 
Dots  it  precipiate  all  of  the  copper  on 
aluminum?  (2)  Will  not  the  slight 
amount  of  gelatinous  silica  which  we  have 
found  almost  Invariably  present  interfere 
with  the  filtration,  assuming  as  we  do, 
that  most  chemists  will  prefer  to  decant 
through  a  filter  paper? 

When  the  method  was  first  put  into 
practice  it  was  the  custom  to  treat  the 
combined  decantatlons  with  hydrogen 
sulphide,  boil  and  filter.  The  additional 
copper  thus  recovered  did  not  affect  the 
results  when  the  Iodide  or  cyanide  meth- 
od was  employed  for  final  determination. 
It  possibly  would  have  affected  the  re- 
sults In  the  third  decimal  place  had  the 
electrolytic  method  been  employed.  Af- 
ter a  few  weeks  the  practice  of  adding 
hydrogen  sulphide  and  filtering  was  dis- 
continued, as  it  was  found  that  all  cop- 
per was  recovered  provided  that  the  so- 
lution had  previously  been  boiled  until 
the  aluminum  appeared  clean  and  the 
precipitated  copper  detached  from  It. 

The  method  was  designed  for  furnace 
control  and  the  aluminum  precipitation 
employed  for  the  express  purpose  of 
avoiding  filtration. 

This  question  of  complete  precipita- 
tion of  copper  on  aluminum  springs  up 
periodically  for  discussion,  and  Is  of  con- 
siderable importance  In  the  copper  indus- 
try in  view  of  the  fact  that  most  copper 
methods  employ  this  means  to  effect  the 
preliminary  separation. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


Nitric  acid  is  the  most  common  sol- 
vent for  copper-bearing  substances,  and 
failure  to  obtain  precipitation  can  be  at- 
tributed to  lack  of  precaution  in  subse- 
quently expelling  this  acid  and  decom- 
posing all  nitrates.  In  the  particular 
method  under  discussion,  no  nitric  acid 
is    used    in    the    preliminary    separation. 

That  the  method  has  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  such  well  known  chemists  as 
Messrs.  Diack  and  Smith,  is  additional 
proof  to  me  that  it  possesses  merit  and  I 
beg  to  thank  them  for  their  kind  criti- 
cism. 

F.  D.  Aller. 

Antofagasta.  Chile,  May   18,  1910. 


Indifference    to    Mining  Laws 

In  the  JouRN.AL  of  June  4,  1910  is 
quoted  the  verdict  of  the  coroner's  jury 
on  the  Cherry  mine  disaster,  as  follows: 
"We  find  that  they  (men  who  lost  their 
lives  in  the  third  seam)  came  to  their 
death  by  exposure  and  suffocation.  We 
further  find  that  the  mining  laws  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  in  relation  to  means  of 
escape  were  violated  with  the  full 
knowledge  and  consent  of  the  mine  in- 
spectors  for  district   No.  2." 

This  condition  of  non-enforcement  of 
the  mining  laws  is  all  too  common  in  other 
coalfields  and  coal-mining  States,  as  well 
as  in  the  Cherry  mine  in  Illinois,  and  the 
wonder  is  that  more  "accidents"  do  not 
occur. 

Indifference  of  Mine  Bosses  to  Safety 
Regulations 

A  year  or  so  ago  I  went  through  a 
mine  in  Ohio  for  the  purpose  of  giving 
testimony  in  a  suit  between  two  adjacent 
coal  companies.  I  found  a  patent  trap 
door  standing  wide  open.  This  had  been 
purchased  and  installed  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  chief  mine  inspector 
and  all  his  associates,  the  object  being 
ro  do  away  with  the  trapper  boy.  The 
mine  boss  was  with  me  and  I  asked  him 
what  it  meant.  "Well,"  he  said,  "that 
door  cost  the  company  $150.  "There  was  a 
strong  current  of  air  passing  through  on 
a  short  circuit,  and  I  said  to  the  boss, 
"Why  don't  you  repair  it,  or  put  in  an- 
other door?"  "Well,"  he  retorted,  "if  the 
mine  inspectors  want  to  put  in  a  new 
door,  they  can  do  so,  but  the  company 
has  no  more  money  to  spend  on  trap 
doors  recommended  by  the  mine  inspec- 
tors" Many  of  the  miners  were  found 
working  in  an  atmosphere  unfit  for  a  dog. 
Fortunately,  the  mine  generated  no  fire- 
damp, otherwise  the  consequences  might 
have  been  as  disastrous  as  at  the  Cherry 
mine. 

Too  Much  Legislation 

When  an  accident  occurs  the  inspec- 
tors clamor  for  more  laws  until  every 
coal-mining  State  has  laws  longer  than 


the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
Laws  enacted  for  the  proper  security  of 
our  subterranean  workmen  exist  to  no 
purpose  if  the  inspectors  have  not  the 
ability  or  the  will  to  enforce  them.  The 
annual  death  rate  of  coal  miners  in  the 
United  States  is  several  times  greater 
than  that  of  the  principal  coal-mining 
countries  of  the  world.  The  more  laws, 
the  more  accidents,  seems  to  be  a  fore- 
gone conclusion.  Conditions  could  not 
be  worse;  they  might  be  better  if  there 
were  no  inspectors  at  all. 

The  recently  created  Bureau  of  Mines 
will  no  doubt  do  much  good.  While  the 
Government  cannot  act  directly  without 
encroaching  on  the  rights  of  the  States, 
the  officials  of  the  bureau  will  be  men 
of  scientific  attainments,  and  their  sug- 
gestions are  sure  to  result  in  great  good. 
Andrew  Roy. 

Agujita,  Coahuila,  Mex.,  June  10,  1910. 


July  2,  1910. 
Copper    Production 


Spurious    Potassium     Cyanide 


Ralston  Bell's  contribution  to  the 
Journal  of  May  21,  1910,  under  the 
above  heading,  is  logical,  well  balanced 
and  to  the  point.  It  is,  in  fact,  pre- 
cisely the  style  of  discussion  that  I  hoped 
to  draw  out  by  my  article  of  Oct.  23, 
1909,  inasmuch  as  it  leads  directly  up  to 
the  question  before  the  house,  namely: 
Shall  we  continue  to  receive  highly 
adulterated  and  mixed  salts  of  sodium 
and  potassium  from  the  makers  although 
we  desire,  order  and  pay  for  commerci- 
ally pure  potassium  cyanide?  All  metal- 
lurgists seem  to  agree  that  there  is  urg- 
ent need  for  reform  in  the  standardizing 
and  marketing  of  this  important  salt.  In 
the  Journal  of  March  19,  1910,  W.  J. 
Sharwood  says:  "The  fundamental  ab- 
surdity consists  in  reporting  the  valuable 
constituent  of  a  substance  in  terms  of  an 
arbitrary  unit."  Others  propose  different 
systems  but,  as  Mr.  Bell  says,  the  fact 
remains  that  under  the  present  system  a 
manufacturer  may  point  with  pride  to  the 
fact  that  his  product  "tests  100  per  cent." 
and  yet  analysis  shows  the  presence  of 
large  percentages  of  adulterants  that 
may  or  may  not  be  harmful  but  which,  in 
any  event,  are  not  worth  the  price 
charged  and  collected  therefor.  Mr.  Bell's 
criticism  of  the  manner  in  which  the  orig- 
inal results  under  this  discussion  were 
reported  has  been  anticipated  by  my  con- 
tribution of  April  2,  1910,  under  the 
above  heading.  F.  A.  Ross. 

Spokane,  Wash.,  June  20,  1910." 


The  companies  engaged  in  treating  the 
zinkiferous  tailings  in  the  Broken  Hill 
field  furnished  an  output  of  the  gross 
value  of  £870,852,  which  brings  the  value 
of  the  production  of  the  Broken  Hill  field, 
for  the  year  1909,  up  to  £3,482,041,  as 
compared  with  £3,831,104  for  the  pre- 
vious year. 


The  following  views  and  statements 
are  interesting  and  illuminating.  Thomp- 
son, Towle  &  Co.  report  that  one 
of  the  largest  manufacturers  in  New- 
England,  who  consumes  a  large  amount 
of  copper,  says:  "I  have  been  manufac- 
turing and  selling  goods  for  many  years, 
but  1  have  never  talked  about  how  cheap- 
ly I  could  manufacture  my  goods  or  how 
cheaply  the  other  fellow  was  manufac- 
turing them.  The  opposite  seems  to  be 
the  policy  of  the  copper  producers.  They 
are  continually  talking  about  how  cheap 
one  company  can  produce  copper  com- 
pared with  another  company.  As  a  r.:at- 
ter  of  fact,  I  question  very  seriously  if 
any  of  the  companies  can  afford  to  sell 
a  pound  of  copper  at  12c.  per  )b.  Of 
course,  I  appreciate  that  there  is  an  ob- 
ject in  some  of  the  large  porphyry  pro- 
ducers outputting  copper  to  the  limit  and 
talking  about  their  low  cost." 

Hayden,  Stone  &  Co.  said  under 
date  of  June  24:  "Regarding  this  com- 
pany (Utah  Copper  Company)  we  can 
state  that  the  present  output  will  not 
be  increased  for  3  period  of  from  three 
to  four  months,  and  we  do  not  figure  that 
the  output,  which,  at  the  present  time,  is 
from  12,000  to  13,000  tons  of  ore  daily, 
will  be  increased  to  more  than  15,000 
tons  before  the  first  of  next  year.  Tue 
improvements  in  the  Magna  plant  that 
are  being  made  will  enable  that  mill  to 
treat  10,000  tons  or  more  daily,  within 
90  days,  but  by  that  time  portions  of  the 
Arthur  plant  (Boston  Consolidated)  will 
be  closed  down  for  remodeling  and  the 
capacity  of  that  plant  thereby  reduced 
from  a  quarter  to  one-third,  so  that  there 
will  be  no  actual  increase  in  the  total 
mill  capacity  until  the  remodeled  portions 
of  the  Arthur  plant  begin  to  go  into  com- 
mission toward  the  first  of  the  year,  and 
the  Utah  Copper  will  do  well  to  work 
up  to  its  full  contemplated  capacity  with- 
in  one  year   from   date. 

"We  do  not  anticipate  that  the  esti- 
mated production  will  exceed  9,000,000 
lb.  gross  per  month  before  Jan.,  1911. 
If  the  work  of  construction  and  the  ne- 
cessary additional  opening  up  of  the 
mine  progresses  satisfactorily  during  the 
balance  of  the  current  year,  the  company 
should,  by  Jan.  1,  next,  begin  to  make 
a  uniform  monthly  rate  of  increase  in 
its  production  over  the  present  rate, 
reaching  the  contemplated  daily  output 
of   KS.OOO  tons  about  next  May  or  June. 

"The  Ray  Consolidated  Copper  Com- 
pany will  not  begin  production  until  Jan- 
uary, 1911,  and  its  production  will  then 
be  small  and  will  not  be  in  the  market 
as  copper  before  April,  and  the  full  pro- 
duction from  that  property  cannot  pos- 
sibly be  on  the  market  before  August  or 
Septetmber  of   1911. 

"Chino  will  not  begin  producing  for  a 
year  from  date,  and  the   full  production 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


of  that  property  will  not  be  on  the  mar- 
ket before  Jan.   1.   1912. 

"It  is  a  great  mistake  to  suppose,  as 
some  apparently  do,  that  it  is  the  in- 
tention of  the  managements  of  these  low- 
grade  porphyries  to  flood  the  market  with 
the  greatest  possible  amount  of  copper, 
especially  with  any  idea  of  forcing  down 
the  price  of  the  metal  and  driving  any 
companies  less  fortunately  situated  in  the 
matter  of  costs  out  of  business. 

"The  porphyry  mines  are  in  business 
to  make  money,  and  they  will  operate  to 
such  a  capacity  as  will  enable  them  to 
obtain  the  lowest  possible  cost,-  but  to 
force  any  extra  amount  of  copper  on 
the  market,  under  present  conditions,  be- 
yond what  we  might  call  the  limil  of 
operating  efficiency,  with  the  express  idea 
of  lowering  the  price  of  the  metal,  would 
be  simply  'hitting  their  nose  to  spite  their 
face.' 

"Any  hopes  on  the  part  of  the  con- 
sumer, or  fears  on  the  part  of  copper- 
share  investors,  based  on  this  premise, 
are  groundless." 


fieations.  This  will  be  done,  although  the 
conditions  do  not  warrant  doing  any 
preliminary  work  on  the  building  as  yet. 


Geological  Survey  Appropriations 

Washington   Correspondence 

Members  of  the  Geological  Survey  are 
congratulating  themselves  upon  the  gen- 
eral outcome  of  the  controversy  about 
appropriations,  as  already  reviewed  in 
these  columns.  The  Survey  now  comes 
out  of  the  session  with  a  gross  addition 
of  about  $125,000  as  compared  with  its 
appropriations  for  last  year.  Of  this, 
some  $50,000  is  additional  money  for 
stream  gaging.  The  comparisons  are,  of 
course,  made  after  eliminating  those  for 
the  Technologic  Branch  of  the  Survey 
and  for  the  testing  of  structural  materials. 
These  branches  of  the  work  have  now 
been  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
and  the  Bureau  of  Standards,  so  that  the 
sums  appropriated  to  them  should  not 
figure  in  making  comparisons  of  the 
money  spent  on  the  Survey  itself. 

Geological  Survey  Building 
In  putting  through  Congress  the  public- 
buildings  bill  the  provision  for  a  building 
in  Washington  designed  to  house  the 
Geological  Survey  ahd  several  allied 
bureaus  has  been  retained  on  substantial- 
ly the  basis  proposed  in  the  original 
public-buildings  authorization  measure. 
The  bill,  however,  does  not  carry  actual 
appropriations  but  merely  authorizations 
for  buildings  at  various  places  and  for 
various  purposes.  The  Survey,  neverthe- 
less, is  peculiarly  fortunate  in  having  left 
the  sum  of  596,000  from  the  purchase 
of  the  land  to  be  used  as  a  site.  By  the 
tenns  of  the  appropriation  this  money 
left  over  from  the  appropriation  for  the 
land  is  now  made  available  for  immediate 
use  in  connection  with  the  new  building 
and  this  makes  It  possible  to  go  ahead  at 
once  with  the  getting  of  plans  and  speci- 


Intemal  Commerce  During  May, 
1910 


indicating  a  daily  average  of  cars  handled 
slightly  below  the  like  average  for  April. 
The  total  number  of  cars  handled  during 
the  Rrst  five  months  of  the  year,  12,538,- 
781  cars,  was  about  20  per  cent,  in  excess 
of  the  corresponding  1909  figures  and  al- 
most 40  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the  cor- 
responding 1908  figures. 


Leading  commodity  movements  in  the 
domestic  field  during  May,  as  reported  to 
Ihc  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  and  Labor,  in  several 
instances  present  a  more  favorable  pic- 
ture of  trade  activity  than  for  the  pre- 
vious month.  This  is  true  especially  of 
the  lumber  and  coal  trades.  The  volume 
of  building  operations  shows  a  consider- 
able check,  mainly  in  the  largest  cities. 
The  traffic  activity  of  the  railroads  was 
rather  light,  the  number  of  idle  cars 
showing  a  steady  increase  since  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year. 

Anthracite-coal  shipments  during  the 
month  from  eastern  producing  territory, 
5,679,601  gross  tons,  were  fairly  heavy, 
though  falling  below  the  May  totals  re- 
prrted  in  1905  and  1908.  The  total  ship- 
ments during  the  five  months  of  the  year, 
27,416,565  gross  tons,  is  the  largest  total 
ever  reported  to  the  bureau  for  the  period 
in  question.  The  monthly  shipments  of 
bituminous  coal  over  seven  leading  east- 
ern coal-carrying  roads,  7,091,663  net 
tons,  show  a  decided  improvement  over 
the  figures  of  the  preceding  month,  as 
well  as  the  corresponding  monthly  figures 
in  1909  and  1908,  when  5,929,687  and 
4,743,860  net  tons  were  reported.  The 
coke  movement  during  the  month,  1,859,- 
806  net  tons,  while  considerably  in  excess 
of  the  corresponding  1909  and  1908  fig- 
ures, shows,  however,  the  effects  of  the 
curtailment  recently  enacted.  The  bitu- 
minous-coal tonnage  of  the  same  roads 
for  the  first  five  months  of  the  year,  34,- 
912,304  net  tons,  was  almost  20  per  cent., 
while  the  coke  tonnage  was  more  than  25 
per  cent,  larger  than  the  year  before. 

The  estimated  coke  production  at  Con- 
nellsville  for  the  four  weeks  in  May,  1,- 
,580,819  net  tons,  although  proceeding  at 
a  slackened  rate,  shows  an  increase  of 
almost  50  per  cent,  over  the  May  figures 
of  the  preceding  year.  The  pig-iron  pro- 
duction during  the  month,  2,390,180  gross 
tons,  shows  a  recession  in  furnace  activity 
though  the  smaller  monthly  total  exceeds 
the  totals  for  any  month  in  1906  and 
1907. 

The  decreased  activity  in  the  building 
trades  is  indicated  by  the  comparative 
values  of  building  permits  granted  by  104 
municipal  authorities  in  various  parts  of 
the  country,  the  May  figures,  S76, 255.637, 
indicating  a  decrease  of  15.6  per  cent, 
from  the  previous  months  and  over  17 
per  cent,  from  May  of  the  preceding  year. 

The  traffic  activity  of  the  railroads,  as 
measured  by  the  number  of  cars  handled 
by  30  car-service  associatiors  and  demur- 
rage bureaus,  also  shows  an  unfavorable 
turn,  the   May   figures  of  2,544.197   cars 


The  Nova    Scotia   Steel  Company 

The  contest  for  the  control  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Steel  Company  has  gone 
over  for  a  time,  the  contesting  stock- 
holders having  met  with  temporary  de- 
feat. It  is  understood,  however,  that 
they  have  not  given  up,  but  are  prepar- 
ing for  another  effort  next  year. 
The  company  has  made  and  is  making 
many  improvements  and  extensions,  and 
is  already  an  important  factor  in  the 
Canadian  iron  trade;  which,  by  the  way, 
is  being  gradually  consolidated  into  a 
few   large   corporations. 

The  contest  for  control  is  based  largely 
on  the  management  of  the  large  ore  de- 
posits which  the  company  owns  on  Wa- 
bana  Island  in  Newfoundland.  These  de- 
posits are  proving  much  larger  than  was 
at  first  supposed,  and  the  workings  are 
being  extended  to  large  submarine  areas 
beyond  the  surface  limits  of  the  island, 
presenting  some  interesting  problems  in 
mining. 

The  opposition  party  headed  by  Mr. 
Forget,  of  Quebec,  object  to  the  large 
sales  of  this  ore  made  to  the  United 
States  by  the  company,  claiming  that  the 
reserves  should  be  held  for  its  own  use, 
or  at  any  rate  for  Canadian  benefit;  such 
use  being  more  imponant  than  the  small 
present  profit  on  the  sales. 


Mining   in^Panama 


Within  the  last  two  years  much  atten- 
tion has  been  directed  to  the  develo'pment 
of  the  mining  industry  in  Panama.  The 
latest  figures  available  to  this  effect  are 
published  in  the  Anuario  de  Estadistica 
for  1908  in  which  is  announced  that  149 
titles  to  properties  were  issued,  compris- 
ing 229,830  hectares  of  auriferous  land. 

Mining  properties  represent  a  total  of 
237,211  hectares.  In  the  Province  of 
Panama  there  are  five  gold  mines  and  in 
that  of  Veraguas  four  are  being  exploited. 
Besides  these  there  are  three  gold-silver 
mines;  18  gold-lead  mines;  two  silver- 
lead  mines;  eight  copper  mines;  one  iron 
mine;  one  asbestos  mine;  one  silver  and 
two  sulphur  mines. 


The  Terre  Neuve  Mining  Company  has 
been  organized  at  Port  au  Prince,  Haiti, 
for  the  purpose  of  exploiting  the  copper 
and  iron  mines  of  Terre  Neuve,  Gros, 
Morne,  and  Gonaives.  and  other  mineral 
land,  for  which  it  may  subsequently  ob- 
tain concessions. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL MINING 


^M> 


'Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^ 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Mine    Ventilation    Through  a 
Drill  Hole 

In  underground  operations  it  is  neces- 
sary to  have  two  openings  in  order  to  in- 
sure good  ventilation.  The  second  open- 
ing is  generally  made  by  sinking  a  new 
shaft.  In  the  case  cited  here,  the  ore 
could  be  handled  readily  through  one 
shaft,  and  a  churn  drill  hole  was  used 
for  the  second  opening. 

The  apparatus  is  a  fan  about  2  ft. 
in  diameter  with  a  horizontal  bottom  dis- 
charge 8  in.  in  diameter.  To  this  nozzle 
is  fastened  a  short  piece  of  canvas  air 
pipe  slightly  larger  than  t::e  casing  of  the 


they  lose  if  they  can  gain  threepence  in 
the  air  costs.  To  me  it  appears  that 
the  machine  that  drills  a  few  feet  more 
per  shift  is  the  one  to  be  after,  even  if 
air  costs  are  20  per  cent,  higher.  For 
instance,  air  costs  per  machine  shift  are. 
say.  6s.;  then  say  30  per  cent,  is  leak- 
age, etc.,  leaving  70  per  cent,  against  the 
machine  itself.  This  equals  4s.  3d.  The 
machine  drills  24  ft.  per  shift  and  breaks 
-,i  fathom  of  ground. 

Now  suppose  we  change  the  machine 
and  use  one  that  takes  50  per  cent,  more 
air,  making  the  cost  6s.  4d.  against  the 
machine  itself.  Leakage  will  be  the  same 
and  how  much  more  work  must  the  new 


job  to  keep  the  machines  in  fair  running 
irder,  have  two  and  keep  the  machines 
in  good  order,  the  total  cost  being  the 
point  to  watch.  Let  any  individual  item 
rise  if  by  so  doing  the  total  is  lowered. 


Large  Underground  Station  in 
a  Coeur   d'  Alene  Mine 


One  of  the  largest  and  most  complete 
underground  timber,  boiler  and  hoist  sta- 
tions in  the  country  is  just  being  com- 
pleted at  the  Morning  mine  of  the  Federal 
Alining   and   Smelting   Company,  MuUan. 


Mine  X'ENTiLAiioN   thrulioh 
Hole 


b^lLL 


Bars  Rigged  End  to  End  across  Face  cf  Morning  Station 


drill  hole  with  which  it  connects.  The 
fan  is  belt-driven  by  an  8-h.p.  upright 
engine.  The  engine  obtains  its  steam 
from  the  boiler  at  the  shaft  several  hun- 
dred feet  distant.  The  apparatus  is  in  an 
open  field  in  the  southwest  part  of  Jop- 
Jin,  with  no  protection  from  the  weather. 


Importance     of    Air    Cost    in 
Machine  Drilling* 

By  Thomas  Johnson  t 


There  has  been  quite  an  amount  of 
talk  about  machine  air  costs,  and  it  seems 
that  some  people  are  as  mad  about  this 
so  called  economy  as  they  are  about 
running  three  or  more  machines  per  man. 
They  do  not  bother  about  the  half  crown 

•I'xiciiit  fi'om  an  artlrlp  In  Joiini,  Chpm.. 
Met.  nnd  MIn.  Soe..  of  Soulli  Africa,  Fcli- 
iiiaiv.    inio. 

*Mlnc   mannRor.  .Tolianncshiirc.   S.    .\ 


machine  do  to  pay  for  its  extra  cost? 
To  get  at  this  w'e  must  know  the  total 
cost  of  breaking  ground  per  fathom.  This 
we  will  take  at  say,  70s.;  even  with  the 
three  machines  per  man,  70s.  equals  46s. 
8d.  per  shift  or  Is.  H.3d.  per  ft.;  so 
to  pay  for  the  50  per  cent,  increase  of 
cost  of  air  for  the  machine  we  need 
only  another  foot  of  drilling  from  the 
machine,  despite  all  the  worry  about  get- 
ting a  machine  to  save  air. 

I  think  looking  at  the  air  costs  alone 
is  wrong  if  we  really  wish  to  lower  the 
machine  costs.  The  same  reasoning  ap- 
plies to  whatever  machines  a  mine  may 
be  using.  Do  not  worry  particularly  about 
the  cost  of  air  per  machine  shift,  but 
look  to  the  cost  per  fathom,  and  strive 
to  get  the  best  from  the  air.  Do  not 
let  your  machines  get  into  the  rattletrap 
stage,  but  spend  money  on  keeping  them 
in  order.    If  one  machine  fitter  has  a  hard 


Ida.  Its  construction  involved  several  in- 
teresting mining  problems.  The  station  is 
situated  at  a  point  nearly  two  miles  from 
the  entry  of  the  No..  6  tunnel,  now  the 
main  haulage  way  of  the  Morning  mine. 
In  this  tunnel  electric  haulage  is  used, 
ore  being  handled  in  trips  of  fifteen  5-ton 
cars.  About  1000  tons  of  ore  are  pro- 
duced each  day  and,  practically  the  en- 
tire output  will  pass  through  this 
station.  Ample  space  for  the  handling  of 
the  ore  and  timber  trains  was  therefore 
a  prime  requisite  in  the  laying  out  of  the 
station. 

The  station  proper  is  100  ft.  long,  36 
ft.  wide,  and  is  24  ft.  high  in  the 
clear  at  the  shaft,  dropping  to  a 
hight  of  1 1  ft.  at  a  point  200  ft.  dis- 
tant. There  is  a  wide  double-track  ap- 
proach. A  room,  about  28x19  ft.  in  size, 
in  which  boilers  will  be  set  opens  off 
from  the   farther  end  of  the  station.     At 


July  2,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


present  steam  and  air  are  piped  into  the 
mine  a  distance  of  a  couple  of  miles. 
After  the  new  station  is  completed,  only 
air  will  be  piped  in  and  run  directly  into 
the  boilers  and  there  reheated  by  being 
mixed  with  steam.  Adjoining  the  boiler 
room  is  the  hoisting-engine  room,  30x47 
ft.  in  size. 

Hoisting  Engine  Set  at  Inclination  to 
Shaft 
An  interesting  problem  arose  in  con- 
nection with  the  placing  of  the  engine.  A 
shaft  with  compartments,  4  ft.  8  in.  x  5 
ft.  2  in.  in  the  clear  had  been  decided 
upon,  and  this  would  throw  the  sheave 
wheels  5  ft.  6  in.  apart.  It  was,  however, 
deemed  wise  to  use  an  engine  similar  to 
that  in  use  at  the  Mace  mines  in  order  to 
facilitate  repairs,  etc.  The  reels  on  this 
engine  are  spaced  4  ft.  8  in.  apart.  For 
a  while  this  promised  to  make  trouble, 
until  the  expedient  of  setting  the  engine 

m 


to  the  long  axis  of  the  shaft) ;  it  is  25  ft. 
wide  and  52  ft.  from  toe  to  top,  the  bot- 
tom having  a  45-deg.  slope.  This  bin  was 
excavated  out  of  solid  rock  and  is  ar- 
mored on  the  front  inside  face  with  60- 
Ib.  rails.  Skips  will  automatically  dump 
ore  into  the  bins  from  which  it  will  be 
drawn  directly  into  the  5-ton  cars  of  the 
electric  trains. 

Four  Drill  Bars  Used  End  to  End 

In  cutting  out  the  station  some  inter- 
esting rock  excavation  was  done.  The 
face  was  advanced  carrying  its  full  hight 
and  width.  To  do  this  four  10-ft.  bars 
set  end  to  end  and  blocked  tight  with  3-in. 
planking  were  used  across  the  face.  The 
line  of  bars  was  arched  slightly  toward 
the  face,  from  which  it  was  braced 
with  the  wedge  timber.  This  formed 
a  "compression"  truss  and  although 
many  miners  object  to  running  two  ma- 


Landing  Chairs  for  Mine  Cages  * 


Bv  J.  C.  Houston  t 


Morning  Mine,  MiiUaii,  Id.iho. 

General  Plan  of 

Timber;  Boiler  and  Hoist  Stations, 


off  at  an  inclination  to  the  axis  of  the 
shaft  was  hit  upon.  The  crank  shaft  of 
the  engine  will  be  111'.,  ft.  from  the  cen- 
ter of  the  shaft  and  inclined  from  its  long 
axis  at  an  angle  of  31  deg.  57  min.  This 
throws  the  sheaves  at  the  proper  distance 
apart. 

Inclined  Raise  for  Cableway 

The  cableway  from  the  engine  to  the 
sheaves  is  an  inclined  raise  through  solid 
rock  so  that  no  head  frame  structure  is 
required.  From  the  collar  of  the  shaft 
to  the  center  of  the  sheaves  is   100    ft. 

An  old  hoist  set  in  line  with  the  long 
axis  of  the  shaft  will  handle  timber. 
(The  sheave  for  this  is  only  45  ft.  above 
the  coILir  of  the  shaft.)  The  general  lay- 
out of  the  station  is  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying plan. 

Five  feet  from  the  wall  plate  of  the 
shaft  is  an  ore  bin  26  ft.  long  (parallel 


m 

Tbt  £n'jinreri»t/  .J  .1fi..in(,  Ji/Ui-nal 

chines  on  a  bar,  on  the  score  that  the 
bar  will  not  hold  tight,  three  or  four 
machines  w'ere  continually  operated  on 
this  series  of  bars,  and  no  special  trouble 
was  experienced  from  fitchered  holes.  For 
this  work  3;s-in.  piston  drills  were  used, 
and  as  many  as  190  eleven- foot  holes  put 
in  to  a  round.  The  cuts  and  lifters  were 
fired  first,  then  the  other  holes.  Electric 
battery  firers  were  used  in  all  cases. 

One  round  of  holes  usually  broke 
enough  rock  to  fill  400  of  the  35-cu.ft.  ca- 
pacity cars.  Only  two  settings  of  the 
tars  were  necessary  for  drilling  the  en- 
tire face:  The  first  was  on  the  muck 
pile  and  the  second  lower  down  after  the 
face  had  been  mucked  clean.  The  photo- 
graph published  herewith  shows  the  sta- 
tion with  the  bars  arched  against  the 
face.  The  upper  ground  had  already  been 
drilled  and  the  muck  cleared  away  before 
the  machines  were  set  up  as  shown. 


The  landing  chairs  which  I  designed 
for  some  of  the  mines  in  Cobalt  overcome 
most  of  the  objections  to  the  ordinary 
type.  The  chairs  are  permanently  at- 
tached to  the  cage,  of  which  they  form 
a  part,  and  it  is  only  necessary  to  have 
the  one  set,  no  matter  how  many  levels 
may  be  in  use.  They  require  no  auxil- 
iary apparatus,  no  cutting  away  of  tim- 
bers, and  if  it  be  necessary  to  repair  tim- 
ber or  guides  at  any  intermediate  point 
in  the  shaft,  the  cage  may  be  landed  on 
any  set  of  timbers  for  that  purpose,  since 
the  chairs  may  be  operated  from  the 
cage  or  from  either  side  of  the  shaft. 

Construction  of  Chairs 

The  apparatus  consists  of  four  chairs, 
one  at  each  corner  of  the  cage  bottom, 
swung  on  two  jack  shafts  that  rotate  in 
bracket  bearings  underneath  the  floor  of 
t'le  cage.    The  two  shafts  are  connected 


Landing  Chair  Attached  to  Cage 

with  levers  and  connecting  link,  so  that 
they  move  together  but  in  opposite  direc- 
tions. A  lever  projecting  through  a  slot 
in  the  floor  at  one  side  of  the  cage,  is 
keyed  to  an  end  of  one  of  the  shafts. 
To  the  end  of  this  lever  are  attached  two 
pieces  of  3/16-in  chain,  which  lead  over 
a  pulley  fastened  to  the  vertical  angle 
bars,  and  back  through  an  eye  bolt  in  the 
diagonal  brace  and  ending  in  a  pull  or 
handle.  The  cage  tender  catches  the 
pull  as  the  cage  is  slowing  up  to  land 
and  pulls  it  in  a  direction  tow-ard  himself. 
This  operation,  acting  through  the  levers 
and  jack  shaft,  swings  the  chairs  out  si- 
multaneously and  the  cage  comes  to  rest 
on  them  flush  with  the  landing.  This 
may  be  effected  from  either  side  of  the 
shaft  or  while  riding  on  the  cage. 

Chairs  Automatically  Released 

The  chairs  are  not  rigidly  keyed  to  the 
shaft,  but  have  a  radial  slot  cut  in  the 
hub,  provided  with  a  'j-in.  pin  that  is 
fastened  solidly  in  the  shaft,  and  allow- 
ing the  chair  to  move,  one-quarter  of  a 
revolution,  independently  of  the  shaft. 
This  provision  prevents  the  fouling  of  the 
chains.  As  soon  as  the  hoistman  lifts  the 
cage,  the  coil  spring  instantly  forces  the 
jack  shafts  and  chains  to  the  set  position. 


•Kxlincts    from 
rannilliin    Mlnlns 
tCobnlt,  Ontarl- 


n    pni)Pr 

ln.*liliiti. 


in  .\piii  nun., 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


permitting  the  chairs  by  their  own  weight 
to  drop  and  swing  beneath  the  floor  of 
the  cage  out  of  the  way. 

Several  of  this  type  of  chairs  have  now 
been  in  use  in  the  Cobalt  camp  for  two 
or  three  years  and  have  not  only  given 
complete  satisfaction,  but  have  proved  to 
be  economical  both  in  respect  of  outlay 
and  of  time. 


Leaning  Stope  Sets 


In  the  Argonaut  mine  at  Jackson,  Cal., 
and  to  a  less  extent  in  some  of  the 
other  Mother  Lode  mines,  leaning  sets  re- 


with  the  posts  parallel  to  the  walls  of 
the  orebody  instead  of  vertical.  The 
standard  sets  are  framed  of  8-ft.  posts 
and  caps  and  4-ft.  sprags  or  girts.  Round 
stull    timber    is    generally    used. 

The  greatest  amount  of  pressure  is 
from  the  swelling  of  the  walls,  and  to 
take  up  this  the  posts  are  usually  given 
a  J^orn  from  4  to  8  in.  square.  The  sprags 
are  not   framed. 

The  usual  method  of  timbering  drifts 
below  leaning  sets  is  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying sketch.  In  general,  two 
stringers,  one  on  either  wall,  are  blocked 
up  from  the  drift  set  and  separated  by 
a    stull.      They    are    wedged    into    posi- 


Enifinctrinn  A-  Mining  Journal 


Variables  Influencing  Cyanide 
Plant  Design 

By  Mark  R.  Lamb  * 

I  attach  a  list  of  the  main  points  which 
must  be  taken  into  consideration  in  the 
design  of  a  cyanide  plant.  The  list  may 
not  be  entirely  clear  due  to  briefness,  so 
I  append  some  explanatory  remarks.  This 
is  not  offered  as  an  "Every  Man  His  Own 

CYANirUC    PLANT    VARIABLES. 


Leaning  Stope  Sets  Used  on  Mother  Lode 


place  the  usual  square  sets  in  stopes  up 
to  a  width  of  16  ft.,  which  is  the  full 
length  of  the  ordinary  stull.  The  advan- 
tage of  the  leaning  over  the  square  set 
is  in  the  fact  that  posts  can  always  be 
set  directly  above  each  other.  In  the  Ar- 
gonaut the  veins  dip  at  such  an  angle 
that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  get  in 
square  sets  so  as  to  have  posts  rest  on 
posts  in  the  short  space  of  time  that 
the  ground  will  hold.  Simple  stull  tim- 
bering without  posts  would  not  hold  the 
walls,  which  are  blocky  and  in  many 
cases  must  be  lagged. 

The  so  called  leaning  sets  are  really 
stull  timbering  with  posts  and  girts 
added.  Or,  from  a  different  viewpoint, 
square    sets    of    variable    width,    placed 


tion  and  the  swell  of  the  walls  soon  holds 
them  so  firmly  that  they  will  support 
the  filled  stope  above,  even  after  the  drift 
sets  below  are  removed. 


Ore 

quartz"'  "■ 
conglomerate 
wet  or  dry 
hard  or  soft 
tonnage 
gold  content 
silver  content 
copper 

form 
manganese 

form 

pyrolusite 
other  metals 

Breakixg 
gyratory 
Blake 
Dodge 

sorting 
samphng 
elevation 
Crvshing 
grizzly 
t  rommel 
in  water 
in  solution 
dry 
feeders 

ore 

Ume 
rolls 

Huntington 
stamps 

gravity 

steam 
ball  mill 
Chilean  mill 

.\MALGAMATIOX 

inside 
outside 
after  Chilean 
after  tube 
of  concentrate 
retorting 
Classification' 
screen 
drag 
wheel 
hydraulic 

Concentratiox 
lable 
vanner 
\alue 
copper 
form 
free  gold 
free  silver 

Grinding 

tube  mill 

si  lex 

ribbed 
Chilean 
pan 

Incidknt.\ls 
drawings 
freight 
duties 
in.surance 


On  the  Kolmanskop  diamondfields, 
German  Southwest  Africa,  the  directors 
of  the  Kolmanskop  company  realized  that 
to  maintain  profits  with  lower-grade 
ground,  the  costs  must  be  decreased.  This 
was  done,  with  the  result  that  sand  which 
cost  Os.  4d.  to  handle  in  April,  1909,  cost 
only  2s.  in  December,  afid  the  gravel 
cost  was  reduced  froiTi  12s.  8d.  to  6s. 
All  of  which  would  seem  to  prove  that 
mining  costs  are  largely  governed  by  ne- 
cessity. 


Sand  Leaching 

separation 

collection 

tonnage 

time 

mesh 

handling 
hydraulic 
mechanical 
manual 

Slime 

thickening 
tonnage 
time 
agitation 
mechanical 
pump 
air 

charge 
series 
washing 

decantation 
filtration 
vacuum 

site  type 
pressure 
patents 

Precipitation 

clarification 

filter  press 
tank 
zinc 

shavings 

dust 

press 
patents 
reduction 

roast 

acid 

niter  cake 
melting 

coke 

oil 

MiSCELLANEOl'S 

mechanical 

sectional 

power 
steam 
electrical 
water 
gas 

lighting 
heating 

pump 
spiral 
centrifugal 
plunger 
\acuum 
compressor 

tankage 
steel 
wood 
concrete 

machine  shop 

foundry 

transmission 

piping 

spare  parl.s 

tools 


Plant  Designer,"  but  it  is  expected  to  be 
of  assistance  to  others  than  experts,  who 
have    to   obtain   or   make   estimates. 

The  general  nature  of  the  ore,  its  con- 
dition and  tonnage,  influence  the  class  and 
size  of  crushers,  as  well  as  the  arrange- 
ments for  screening,  sorting  and  convey- 
ing. The  content  and  form  of  contained 
copper  indicate  concentration  or  its  omis- 
sion, and  also,  like  manganese  may  pre- 
vent the  use  of  the  process. 

'Milliirz  nnd  c.vnnlding  engineer.  Allls- 
(iKiliniMs  Cc.nipany.    Milwaukoo,   Wis. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


Gyratory  Breaker  for  Large  Plants 

Under  "breaking"  is  indicated  the 
choice  of  the  type  of  breaker,  and  this 
is  largely  governed  by  the  capacity  de- 
sired, the  Blake  and  Dodge  being  suit- 
able more  especially  for  the  smaller 
plants,  the  gyratory  being  preferred 
where  it  is  desired  to  feed  the  ore  in 
carloads.  This  statement  cannot  be  mad-.; 
without  some  qualification,  since,  for  ex- 
ample, Blake  breakers  are  made  with  5- 
ft.  openings.  Sorting  and  saTipliT!; 
are  not  ordinarily  provided  for  small 
plants,  but  are  usually  required  for  large 
ones  and  for  custom  plants  of  any  size. 

Whether  crushing  is  to  be  done  in 
water  or  solution  influences  various  items, 
such  as  tankage,  pumps,  motors,  power, 
settlers,  precipitation,  etc.,  throughout  the 
plant.  Dry  crushing  usually  involves 
driers  or  roasting  furnaces,  besides  spe- 
cial small  details  such  as  feeders. 

The  type  of  crusher,  whether  rolls, 
ball  mill,  stamps  or  Chilean  mill,  depends 
on  other  parts  of  the  process,  such  as 
amalgamation,  concentration  and  leach- 
ing, and  should  not  be  decided  upon  prior 
to  laboratory  tests.  The  decision  as  to 
where  the  amalgamation  is  to  be  done 
(if  at  all)  influences  such  things  aa 
stamp-mortar  form,  screen  mesh  (and 
therefore  stamp  capacity),  concentrate 
treatment  and  value  and  the  refinery 
equipment. 

Metallurgical  Features   Dependent 
iipoN    Tests 

Classification,  including  the  grizzly,  is 
governed  by  arrangements  for  concentra- 
tion, amalgamation,  grinding  (tube  mill, 
pans  or  Chilean  mills),  and  by  whether 
sand  treatment  or  all-sliming  is  best. 
Plant  arrangement  for  concentration  is 
dependent  entirely  upon  results  of  test, 
as,  of  course,  are  all  of  the  metallurgical 
features  as  distinguished  from  the  me- 
chanical. Grinding  can  be  done  with  sev- 
eral machines  of  distinct  types,  the 
choice  falling  usually  on  the  tube  mill 
with  ribbed-iron  lining. 

When  sand  leaching  is  decided  upon, 
the  choice  of  mechanism  for  classifica- 
tion, separation,  collection  and  handling, 
in  and  out  of  the  leaching  tanks,  as  well 
as  the  size  and  number  of  tanks,  is 
guided  largely  by  local  conditions  cov- 
ering plant  site,  capacity,  water  supply 
and  labor  costs.  Slime  thickening  can  be 
continuous  or  intermittent,  and  agitation 
can  follow  either  of  a  variety  of  systems, 
either  air  or  mechanical.  The  tankage 
for  slime  treatment  depends  on  tonnage, 
consistency  and  method  and  time  of  treat- 
ment. 

Many  Schemes  for  Washing  Sllmes 

The   only   method   of   separating   valu- 

■  solution  from  sand  is  by  percolation 

I  though  water  is  now  separated  by  means 

I  of  vacuum   filters)     but  the  schemes   for 

slime    washing    are    numberless.      Plain 


ag'tation  and  decantation  involve  greater 
tankage  and  precipitation  area  than 
vacuum  filtration,  which  requires  least. 
Other  methods,  including  continuous 
settlement  and  wash,  and  continuous  de- 
cantation and  treatment,  require  some- 
what more  tank  capacity  than  filtration, 
but  have  advantages  in  some  cases. 

Precipitation  is  a  problem  which  is 
usually  solved  by  adhering  to  the  stand- 
ard zinc-shaving  method.  However,  zinc 
dust  in  skilled  hands  is  making  its  way 
slowly  but  surely  and  should  not  be  left 
unconsidered  in  designing.  Slight  varia- 
tions in  methods  of  reduction  of  precipi- 
tate are  numerous,  but  have  little  to 
choose  between  them  e.\cept  in  connec- 
tion with  cost  of  fuel,  labor  and  the 
prevention  of  theft. 

Under  the  heading  "mechanical"  must 


Turntable   for  Mine  Cars 


A  turntable  similar  to  that  described 
by  Fred  T.  Williams  in  the  Journal  of 
Feb.  19,  but  having  the  advantage  of  be- 
ing of  simpler  construction  and  requiring 
no  bed  other  than  an  ordinary  tie  is 
shown  in  the  accompanying  drawing.  !n 
place  of  switches  or  iron  plates  such 
small  turntables  are  used  at  tunnel  cross- 
ings, in  the  Highland  Boy  mine  of  the 
Utah  Consolidated,  Bingham  cafion.  The 
turntables  act  quickly,  are  easy  and  cheap 
to  build  and  keep  in  repair,  and  save 
space  at  the  tunnel  junctions. 

A  piece  of  '4 -in.  iron  plate  is  riveted 
to  two  ^ixl-in.  iron  strips  placed  with 
the  larger  dimension  vertical  and  spaced 
the  same  as  the  tracks,  a  continuation 
of  which  they  form.    A  hole  for  a  H-'m. 


Truck 

1 

0               0 

0 

0 

-^^^n . 

1  'V 

A          Q 
^^-^  0  _ 

::^ 

0 

> 

'^ 10— 

Track 

1 

^^ 


^=^ 


( 111  dijm.  I'wuk') 
The  h^^infrtnu i  ili.ing  Jaurnal 


Turntable  Used  in  Highland  Boy  Mine 


be  considered  things  which  can  hardly 
be  mentioned  here,  much  less  discussed. 
The  one  item  of  "machine  shop"  should 
he  the  first  considered,  except  where  the 
plant  is  to  be  within  reach  of  other  shops. 
Such  items  as  "piping"  are  not  the  least 
important,  as  they  include  the  selection  of 
light,  riveted  pipe  for  slime  transfer,  all- 
irnn  and  quick-opening  valves  for  solu- 
tions, and  the  placing  of  numerous  and 
convenient  unions  in  addition  to  the 
steam  and  heating  piping. 


Ft  is  seldom  that  a  stope  can  be  util- 
ized as  an  ore  pocket.  This,  however,  is 
the  case  in  the  Florence  mine  at  Gold- 
field.  The  orebody  intersects  t^e  shaft 
so  that  it  was  only  necessary  to  crosscut 
4  ft.  to  make  a  connection  from  the 
shaft  to  the  stope.  Ore  broken  in  the 
ctope  is  drawn  directly  from  it  into  the 
skip,  I'll  tramming  thus  being  eliminated 
at  this  point  in  the  mine. 


spike  is  punched  in  the  center  of  the  '4- 
in.  plate  and  on  its  under  side  about  the 
center  point  a  ring  of  J^^xl-in.  iron  10  in. 
in  diameter,  is  riveted.  This  completes 
the  turntable. 

A  tie  slightly  over  10  in.  wide  is  laid 
at  the  point  about  w'hich  the  turntable 
must  pivot  and  to  this  it  is  spiked.  The 
spike  acts  as  the  pivot  and  the  ring  on 
the  underside  of  the  ;4-in.  plate  serves 
as  a  bearing  on  the  surface  of  the  tie. 
A  plentiful  supply  of  grease  is  provided 
at  this  point  to  keep  the  table  turning 
easily.  There  is  practically  no  opportunity 
for  dirt  to  get  on  this  bearing  surface,  so 
little  attention  is  required  for  the  device. 


In  1909,  at  the  Ready  Bullion  mine, 
Alaska.  268,904  ft.  of  machine-drill  holes 
broke  315,941  tons  of  rock,  an  average 
of  1.17  tons  per  foot  of  hole.  The  700- 
Foot  Claim  mine  broke  261,737  tons  with 
263,804  ft.  of  holes,  an  average  of  0.99 
ton  per  foot. 


10 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


Report  of  the  Tennessee  Copper  Company 


The  annual  report  of  the  Tennessee 
Copper  Company  states  that  no  effort  was 
made  during  1909  to  increase  the  copper 
output  owing  to  its  low  price  and  to  the 
lack  of  sufficient  facilities  for  utilizing  the 
sulphur  contents  of  additional  tonnage. 
Ore  reserves,  however,  were  increased  to 
over  600,000  tons  above  those  at  the 
end  of  the  previous  year. 

The  increased  demand  for  sulphuric  acid 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  plant,  led  the  board 
of  directors  to  authorize  the  issue  and 
sale  of  $600,000  par  value  three-year  6 
per  cent,  notes  to  construct  an  addition 
to  the  acid  plant  which  will  more  than 
double  its  output.  Final  connections  to 
this  addition  are  now  being  made  so  that 
within  a  short  time  the  volume  of  fumes 
discharged  into  the  atmosphere  will  be 
effectually  reduced,  eliminating  all  diffi- 
culties from  this  source  in  the  future. 

It  is  proposed  to  make  the  large  hold- 
ings of  barren  land  that  the  company 
controls,  yield  a  revenue.  To  this  end 
some  experiments  in  farming  are  being 
carried  on  to  prove  that  the  smoke  has 
been  rendered  innocuous  by  its  passage 
through  the  acid  plant.  Through  the 
economies  effected  by  the  installation  of 
the  acid  plant,  the  ore  reserves  can  be 
valued  now  at  a  little  more  than  twice  the 
former  net  profit  per  ton. 

In  line  with  the  progressive  policy  of 
the  company,  great  progress  was  made 
during  the  year  in  changing  over  from  the 
older  ways  of  mining  to  a  modified  "back 
stoping"  system.  By  this  change  they  ex- 
pect to  secure  safer  working  for  the  men, 
cheaper  mining  and  a  larger  percentage 
recovery  of  the  measured  ore. 

Development  was  greatly  curtailed  ow- 
ing to  the  inadequate  supply  of  labor  at 
the  mines.  Despite  the  company's  best 
efforts,  the  daily  average  number  of  men 
obtainable  at  the  mines  last  year  was  fifty 
less  than  in  1908.  Efforts  to  solve  this 
problem  have  been  made  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  special  department,  the  function 
of  which  will  be  to  make  the  camp  more 
attractive  to  the  men  and  their  families.  A 
club  house  for  staff  members  at  Copper- 
hill  has  been  built;  a  large  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
building  for  the  men,  a  staff  house  at  the 
mines,  athletic  fields,  etc.,  are  all  in  ri 
flourishing  state  of  development. 

MiNE  Development 

During  the  year  4765  ft.  of  diamond 
drilling  was  done  and  a  total  of  3725  ft. 
o'  development  work  was  accomplished. 

In  the  Polk  County  mine  the  385-ft. 
level  was  completed  and  ore  was  blocked 
out  and  stoping  begun.  This  was  the 
first  new  level  in  this  mine  since  1902. 
As  diamond  drilling  indicated  the  continu- 
ation of  ore  below  this  level,  work  was 


started  on  a  new  lift  of  100  ft.  of  which 
46  ft.  were  finished. 

The  main  shaft  of  the  Burra  Burra  rtline 
was  completed  to  the  seventh  level  and 
crosscutting  and  drifting  commenced.  A 
great  deal  of  delay  was  caused  by  loose 
ground  encountered  just  below  the  sixth 
level.  The  shaft,  however,  is  now  well 
timbered.  The  McPherson  shaft  was  sunk 
113  ft.  during  the  year  and  is  being  car- 
ried down  to  the  sixth  level  where  drift- 

ASSETS- 

Mining    piopert.v    and    other    real 

estate,  original  cost S.'i,407,400 ,  00 

Expended  for  development  prev- 
ious to  Jul.v  1.  1901 204,567.89 

Discount  on  bonds  and  other  secur- 
ities issued 62.750 .00 

Mine  equipment 200.356 .  91 

Railroad  and  ec|uipnient 2S3.409.8S 

Smelter  construction 1,144,104  49 

.Sulphuric  plant: 

First  unit 798,970 ,  flS 

Second  unit 370,441 .  35 

Quarrv  equipment  and  buildings .  ,  329,027 .  54 

.Stock  on  hand 326,083 .  57 

Copper  inventory  (at  .selling  prices 

of  unexecuted  orders) 435,153  .  02 

.Sulphuric  acid  inventory  (at  selling 

prices  of  unexecuted  order.s) ....  15,700 ,  00 

Accounts  receival)le 219,953.07 

Cash  in  lianks  and  on  hand 518,811 .65 

$8,316,730  35 
LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock,  200.000  shares,  par 

value  of  S25  each §5,000,000.00 

First  mortgage  5%  bonds,  due  July 

1.  1922 3.50,000  00 

Three-year  6  per  cent,  notes,  due 

.\ug.  1,  1912 600,000.00 

.\ccounts  payable 465,628 . 1 1 

Sulphuric  acid  account 269,276 .  03 

Reserves— profit  and  loss 81,263,792.21 

?8,3 16.730  35 

ing  to  meet  the  level  froin  the  main  shaft 
will  be  started.  A  system  of  back  slopes 
has  been  started  on  the  sixth  level  of 
this  mine,  which  give  better  protection  to 
the  men  and  are  expected  to  cheapen  both 
the  cost  of  breaking  the  ore  and  of  tram- 
ming. 

The  burning  of  the  crusher  house  and 
shaft  of  the  London  mine  curtailed  pro- 
duction from  this  source,  although  new 
ore  was  opened  on  all  levels  but  the  first 
and  some  important  development  work 
carried  on  in  the  fifth  level  north.  Dur- 
ing 1910,  the  shaft  will  be  sunk  another 
lift. 

Surface  mining  in  open  cut  was  started 
in  the  Eureka  mine  in  November,  1909. 
Surface  grading  has  been  done  for  the  in- 
stallation of  a  plant,  and  a  three-compart- 
ment vertical  shaft  started.  The  shaft  is 
being  equipped  with  hoisting  apparatus, 
air  compressor  and  crushing  plant.  It  is 
expected  to  make  a  producing  mine  of  the 
Eureka  during  1910.  The  copper  contents 
are  lower  than  Burra  Burra  but  with  pres- 
ent developments  of  acid  manufacture,  the 
value  of  the  Eureka  ore  per  ton  is  about 
one  and  one-half  times  the  value  of  a  ton 
of  Burra  Burra,  as  computed  three  years 
ago. 

The  production  of  ore  in  tons  from  the 
different    mines    was    as    follows:      Polk 


County,  93,208;  Burra  Burra,  264,939; 
London,  81,952;  and  Eureka,  1807;  mak- 
ing a  total  of  441,906  tons. 

Smelting  and  Converting 

The  operations  of  the  smeltery  con- 
tinued to  show  improvement,  the  per- 
centage recovery  exceeding  that  of  1908 
by  2.7  per  cent.  On  account  of  the  cus- 
tom-ore business  it  was  found  necessary 
to  construct  a  sampling  works  at  the 
smeltery,  the  cost  being  charged  to  op- 
erating expense.  A  sintering  plant  in- 
stalled late  in  the  year  is  making  the 
fiue  dust  yield  its  copper  at  a  small  cost. 

The  material  in  tons  handled  in  the 
smelting  and  converting  operations  for 
the  year  consisted  of:  Tennessee  sul- 
phide ore,  439,365;  custom  ore,  20,438 
converter  slag,  4592;  blast-furnace  slag, 
28.358;  sintered  flue  dust,  2209;  quartz 
flux,  90,087;  limestone.  22.984;  clay, 
2193;  first  matte,  111,539;  making  a  to- 
tal of  721,765  tons.  The  amount  of  coke 
charged  was  40,210  tons. 

Furnace  No.  5  has  been  completely 
torn  down  and  is  being  erected  on  new 
lines.  This  change  is  being  made  for 
the  benefit  of  the  acid  plant  and  if  found 

PROFIT  AND  LOS,S. 

Dec.  31,  1909. 

Dr. 

To  interest  on  bonds $18,750 

To  accrued  interest  in  6  per  cent,  gold 

notes 15,000 

To  bond  aiid  note  issue  discount 29,500 

To  depreciation 25,000 

To  profit  tor  year 339,405 

$427,655 

To  dividend  No  9 *-S°'9RS 

To  general  reserve I5'299 

To  balance  of  profit 1,263,792 

S1,5S8,792 
Cr. 

Hv  interest  and  discount S5,393 

By  loyalties,  custom  ore    and    mer- 
chandise department '^5 

By  copper  production '^^'Sil 

By  sulphunc-acid  production 82,831 

$427,655 

Bv'balance  of  profit  tor  1908 $1,249,386 

Bylnet  profit  for  1909 339,405 

$1,588,792 

satisfactory,   other  furnaces  will   be   re- 
modeled  along  the   same   lines. 

The  cost  at  the  smeltery  as  compared 
with  the  previous  year  is  greater  per  ton 
of  ore,  but  less  per  pound  of  copper, 
proving  that  the  added  expense  has  been 
more  than  compensated  for  by  the  better 
extraction  obtained.  The  cost  of  con- 
verting copper  from  matte  to  pig  has 
been  reduced  materially  by  the  use  of 
custom  ore  and  on  account  of  the  in- 
creased amount  of  copper  converted. 

Sulphuric   Acid   Plant 

In  the  first  unit  of  the  acid  plant, 
some  expensive  changes  were  made  at 
the  beginning  of  1909,  but  the  work  has 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


11 


proved  to  be  what  was  needed.  Experi- 
menting continued  throughout  the  year, 
resulting  in  changes  that  have  increased 
the  efficiency  of  the  plant.  In  Decem- 
ber  the  make  of  acid  was  about  double 
the  production  of  any  month  of  1908. 
This  unit  yielded  a  profit  of  S82,831  dur- 
ing the  year  under  review. 

With  the  completion  of  the  second  unit, 
■the  plant  will  have  a  greatly  increased 
capacity  and  as  the  e.xperience  with  the 
old  plant  has  been  carefully  recorded, 
many  improvements  have  been  incor- 
porated in  the  new  plant. 

'  The  acid  plant  is  also  to  receive  the 
benefit  of  a  more  regular  and  steady 
flow  of  gas  to  the  chambers  through  the 
introduction    of   the    bedding   system    for 

I  the   smelting   charge. 

I      The    labor    distribution    for    the    year 

I  averaged  as  follows:  Mines,  528;  smel- 
tery.  42(1 ;    acid    plant,   42;    railway,   52; 


construction,     155;     and     miscellaneous, 
120;  making  a  total  of   1323  men. 

In  the  transportation  department,  56 
tons  of  new  80-lb.  rails  were  laid,  in 
many  places  where  65-lb.  rails  were 
wearing  out.  A  steel  car  of  100,000  lb. 
capacity  was  added  to  the  equipment. 

Copper  Production  and  Costs 

The  total  ore  smelted  for  the  year  from 
the  mines  of  the  company  was  439,365 
tons,  producing  14,058,954  lb.  copper  at 
an  extraction  of  32  lb.  per  ton.  Based  on 
these  amounts,  the  accompanying  table 
gives  the  detailed  operating  costs  for 
delivering  copper  f.o.b.  cars,  at  Copper- 
hill,  Tenn.  In  addition  to  this,  2.415.734 
lb.  copper  were  produced  from  custom 
ore  smelted  on  toll  and  101,995  lb.  from 
ore  purchased.  Of  the  total  amount, 
4,095,848  lb.  were  electrolytically  re' 
fined;    the    remainder   was    prepared    for 


market  in  the  form  of  pig  copper.  There 
were  recovered  24,753  oz.  silver  and  117 
oz.  gold. 

DETAILED  COSTS  OF  FINE  COPPER 
IN  PIG. 


Item. 


Cost  per 
Ton. 


Mine  devLlopnient $0. 12201 

Minins  (111-  1.09724 

SiiiellinK  1.311011 

Convening                     , ,  .  0.14C9I 

Haihvay 0.05841 

EnKineering  and  labora- 
tory    0.03S31 

General  expense 0. 15478 


Copperhill  costs  in  1909 
Copperhill  costs  in  1908 


S2. 92875 


Cost  per 

Lb.  Copper, 

1905. 


$0.00381 
0.03428 
0 . 04098 
0 . 00459 
0.00183 

0.00120 
0 . 00484 


$0.09153 
0.0928 


The  total  cost  of  copper,  after  adding 
freights,  commission,  taxes,  legal  ex- 
penses, administration,  and  all  other  ex- 
penses, was  I0.68c.  The  cost  of  electro- 
lytic copper,  after  allowing  for  silver 
and  gold,  was   11.19  cents. 


Safety  in  Mines  and  in  Mills 


The    following   notice   has  been   posted 
at  various  places  on  the  property  of  the 
Goldfield   Consolidated   Mines  Company: 
"The  company  desires  to  adopt  all  rea- 
iiible  and  practical  precautions  to  in- 
the   safety   of  its  employees    from 
Jent.    All  men  are  invited  to  send  in 
suggestions  that  may  occur  to  thei>i 
with  regard  to  anything  that  may  be  done 
to  tnake  safer  any  machinery  or  equip 
ment   of   any   kind    in   any   part   of   the 
"-irerty   to    Heath   Steele,  chief  of  the 
;  cction  department,   at   the    Combina 
tion    office.      Such    suggestions    will    be 
gladly  received  and  carefully  considered. 
Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines  Co. 
J.  R.  FiNLAY,  General  Manager." 
While   the  meaning   of   this   notice    is 
fibvious,    it   may    be    interesting    to   state 
-ome  of  the  circumstances  that  have  led 
m  it.   says   the   Goldfield  Daily   Tribune. 
It    is   simply    part    of    an    effort    that    is 
t^i-ing  made  by  mine  operators  and  min- 
ini;  engineers  in  this  country  to  diminish 
the  loss  of  life  in  mines  and  inctallur- 
■ 'il  works. 
'•\r.  Finlay  has  been    for    more    than 
roc   years  a  member  of  a   committee, 
irpninted  by  the  American  Mining  Con- 
^s  to  recommend  to  the  various  States 
ining  law  that  could  be  adopted  gen- 
l\    and    that,    if    properly    enforced. 
Id  diminish  the  danger  of  injury  and 
lirment  of  health  to  men  working  in 
cs.    The  other  members  of  this  com- 
ae are   as   follows:     W.    R.    Ingalls, 
rman;  J.  Parke  Channing.  Dr.  James 
i;las.   and   John    Hays   Hammond. 
lis    committee    will    soon    make    its 
lal   report.     It   has   prepared   several 
Its  of  a  proposed  law  and  has  invited 
^jestions     and    criticisms    from    every 
ilable   source.     It   has   secured    from 


lawyers  advice  as  to  the  legal  phrasing 
and  constitutionality  of  the  provisions  it 
proposes  to  recommend.  In  short,  the 
committee  has  worked  with  a  sincere 
desire  to  present  a  report  that  would  do 
some  good. 

Program  of  Consolidated 

The  program  of  the  inspection  depart- 
ment of  the  Goldfield  Consolidated  is 
based  on  general  principles  and  has  no 
reference  whatever  to  anything  particu- 
larly dangerous  about  the  company's 
property.  On  the  contrary  the  mines  of 
Goldfield  are  remarkably  safe  and 
healthful.  The  stopes  are  well  timbered, 
the  ventilation  is  excellent,  and  there  is 
much  less  dust  and  much  less  water  than 
is  usual  in  mines  of  the  same  class.  The 
company  is  merely  trying  to  be  as  sys- 
tematic and  businesslike  as  possible  in 
this  matter.  If  the  natural  conditions  are 
good,  so  much  the  better,  and  the  com- 
pany is  anxious  that  its  employees 
should  get  the  full  benefit  of  them. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  dan- 
gers of  mining  are  not  confined  to  sud- 
den accidents.  The  insidious  undermin- 
ing of  health  through  breathing  dust 
from  machine  drills,  vitiated  air,  poison- 
ous gases  from  explosives  and  from  the 
rocks,  exposure  to  water,  etc.,  is  of  far 
more  real  importance  than  deaths  and 
broken  limbs  from  falls  of  ground  or  the 
various  more  obvious  dangers  that  the 
men  must  encounter.  A  gray-haired  min- 
ing engineer,  who  had  watched  the  devel- 
opment of  mining  in  the  West  for  40 
years,  reinarked  while  looking  at  a  group 
of  miners  coming  off  shift  in  the  Creur 
d'Alenes: 

"Look  at  those  young  men  I  They  are 
all  young!     I   wonder  what  becomes  of 


the  old  men  about  the  mines?  When  I 
was  on  the  Comstock  in  the  early  days 
'the  men  were  all  young.  The  mines  get 
old,  but  the  men  in  them  remain  young. 
They  are  new  men.  They  don't  get  old 
in  the  mines.  Either  they  die  off  or 
they  can't  stand  the  work  after  a  few 
years  of  it.  It  is  one  of  the  saddest 
sights  I  know  of." 

Protection  Against  Disease  and  Fire 

The  Goldfield  Consolidated  has  no  in- 
tention of  applying  any  maudlin  senti- 
ment to  the  treatment  of  its  employees 
— merely  common  sense.  Good  business 
is  efficient  business  and  the  company 
wants  good  work.  It  wants  as  good  work  in 
the  way  of  protecting  its  men  from  un- 
necessary injury  and  disease  as  in  any 
other  direction. 

The  inspection  department  is  working 
to  this  end.  During  the  last  few  weeks 
the  surface  drainage  and  sewerage  sys- 
tems have  been  improved,  and  with  the 
work  planned  will  provide  for  the  dispos- 
al of  all  waste  water  and  refuse  in  a 
sanitary  manner.  Antiseptics  are  used  in 
all  drains,  pits  and  places  where  gases 
are  liable  to  arise.  As  fast  as  possible, 
the  general  appearance  of  the  surface  is 
being  improved.  Old  buildings  are  being 
removed,  scrap  material,  etc.,  is  being 
hauled  to  an  out-of-the-way  place  and 
provisions  made  to  prevent  such  material 
from  accumulating  around  the  property. 

A  high-pressure  water  system  for  fire- 
fighting  purposes,  has  been  planned  and 
is  now  under  construction.  A  reservoir 
situated  on  top  of  Columbia  mountain  has 
been  started  and  pipe-line  trenches 
through  solid  rock  are  now  about  com- 
pleted down  to  the  foot  of  the  mountain. 
Material  has  been  ordered  to  install  this 


12 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


system,  including  pipe,  high-pressure 
pumps,  hydrants,  hose  and  a  full  equip- 
ment to  insure  complete  protection 
against  fire. 

The  properties  are  divided  into  fire 
divisions,  each  of  which  will  have  a  fire 
house,  with  its  own  equipment.  Each 
division  will  have  its  own  captain  and 
fire  organization  which  will  be  thorough- 
ly drilled  and  ready  at  all  times  to  re- 
spond to  an  alarm.  Each  of  these  di- 
visions has  been  supplied  with  a  40-gal- 
lon  Badger  chemical  engine.  These,  to- 
gether with  the  hand   extinguishers,   will 


afford  ample  protection  against  small 
Fire  helmets  for  use  underground  in 
case  of  fire,  have  been  ordered  and  upon 
arrival  of  these  helmets  men  will  be 
trained  to  use  them  so  as  to  be  able  to 
protect  both  life  and  property  under- 
ground. 

A  regular  inspection  of  hoists,  cages, 
shaft  and  ropes  is  now  practised.  This, 
together  with  the  cooperation  of  efficient 
engineers  and  cage  tenders,  will  insure 
good  protection  to  men  from  accident 
while  being  lowered  or  hoisted  from 
mines. 


A  close  watch  is  being  kept  on  all 
ladderways,  main  passage  ways,  in  all 
parts  of  the  mine  to  insure  perfect  safety. 

All  surface  plants  and  machinery  are 
being  inspected  and  wherever  improve- 
ments can  be  made  to  guard  against  ac- 
cidents they  are  being  made. 

One  line  of  work,  in  particular,  that 
the  inspection  department  intends  to  take, 
up  will  be  to  investigate  the  causes  of 
disease  peculiar  to  underground  workers, 
and,  if  possible,  to  take  steps  to  elimin- 
ate the  cause,  if  such  is  found  in  the 
mines  of  the  Consolidated. 


The  History  of  the  Rock  Drill 

BY  W.  L.  SAUNDERS* 


The  rock  drill  is  an  American  inven- 
tion conceived  and  developed  in  the 
United  States.  J.  J.  Couch,  of  Phila- 
delphia, took  out  the  first  practical  pat- 
ents in  1849.  In  his  experiments  he 
was  assisted  by  Joseph  W.  Fowle.  The 
Couch  drill  was  a  crank-and-flywheel 
machine. 

Couch  and  Fovcle  Preceded  Burleigh 

Couch  and  Fowle  separated  in  1849, 
the  latter  filing  a  caveat  in  1849  cover- 
ing a  drill  of  his  own  invention  and  de- 
scribing the  successful  power  rock  drill 
substantially  as  it  is  today.  The  most  im- 
portant feature  of  Fowle's  drill  is  that 
the  cutting  tool  was  attached  directly 
to  the  piston.  Fowle  described  this  in- 
vention before  the  Massachusetts  Legisla- 
tive Committe  in  his  contest  with  Bur- 
leigh in  1874,  as  follows: 

■'A'y  first  idea  of  ever  driving  a  rock 
drill  by  direct  action  came  about  in  this 
way:  I  was  sitting  in  my  office  one  day 
after  my  business  had  failed  and  hap- 
pening to  take  up  an  old  steam  cylinder, 
I  unconsciously  put  it  to  my  mouth  and 
blew  the  rod  in  and  out,  using  it  to  drive 
in  some  tacks  with  which  a  few  cir- 
culars were   fastened  to  the   walls." 

Abroad,  the  nearest  approach  to  rock- 
drill  invention  was  the  work  of  Mr.  Schu- 
mann, carried  on  in  1854.  Fowle  being 
without  means  to  develop  his  ideas,  they 
remained  in  obscurity  until  Charles  Bur- 
leigh, about  18(56,  purchased  his  patents 
and  produced  the  Burleigh  drill.  This 
drill  was  used  in  driving  the  Hoosac  tun- 
nel  in   Massachusetts   in    1867. 

Following  Couch,  Fowle  and  Burleigh 
came  Haupt,  Wood,  Ingersoll.  Sergeant, 
Waring  and  Githens.  Githens  was  the 
inventor  of  the   Rand  drill. 


•I'r('sl(l"iil.     IncciKOII-Itiind    (•■>nii)Miiv.    Ni^ 
York. 


The  Ingersoll  drill  was  invented  in 
1871.  Simon  Ingersoll,  a  modest,  in- 
genious and  honest  mechanic,  came  to 
New  York  from  Connecticut,  bringing 
with  him  the  models  of  several  inven- 
tions. He  was  riding  in  a  New  York 
horse  car  one  day  and  was  describing  one 
of  his  inventions  to  a  fellow  passenger. 
Another  passenger  in  the  car  was  John 
D.  Miner,  \\':o  overheard  Ingersoll's  con- 
versation. Miner  was  a  contractor,  en- 
gaged with  a  gang  of  men  on  some  rock 
excavation  in   New  York. 

Miner  broke  into  the  conversation  to 
ask  Ingersoll  why  he  didn't  invent  a  rock 
drill,  telling  him  that  he  had  a  gang  ot 
men  at  work  striking  a  steel  with  a  ham- 
mer to  make  a  hole  for  blasting;  that 
they  could  put  in  only  about  10  ft.  of 
hole  per  day;  and  that  he  did  not  see 
why  a  machine  could  not  be  built  that 
would  do  the  work. 

Ingersoli  said  he  could  make  such  a 
machine  and  would  go  at  it  at  once  if  he 
had  the  money.  Miner  gave  him  S50 
and  his  card,  saying  that  though  he  had 
never  seen  Ingersoll  before,  he  had  an 
honest  face  and  he  would  trust  him  to 
spend  that  550  in  building  a  rock  drill. 
"Wl-en  you  want  any  more,"  said  Miner, 
"come  to  me  and  I'll  give  you  another 
fifty."  Ingersoll's  first  rock  drill  was 
built  in  a  shop  at  Second  avenue  and 
Twenty-second  street.  New  York,  owned 
by  J.  F.  de  Navarro,  and  was  managed 
by  Sergeant  &  Cullingworth. 

Sergeant's  Improvement 

One  day  Henry  C.  Sergeant  saw  the 
patterns  for  Ingersoll's  drill.  He  no- 
ticed that  the  front  head  was  attached 
to,  and  was  a  part  of  the  cylinder.  He 
told  the  workmen  that  they  should  be  in 
two  pieces  and  proceeded  to  saw  off  the 
pattern.  At  this  point  Ingersoll  came  in 
the  shop.  "What  are  you  doing?"  he 
asked.  "I'm  making  this  thing  practi- 
cal," said   Sergeant,   as   he    finished   cut- 


ting off  the  pattern  before  Ingersoll  could 
stop  him.  The  result  was  the  first  row 
between  Ingersoll  and  Sergeant,  and  it 
led  later  to  Mr.  Navarro  purchasing,  on 
Sergeant's  advice,  all  rights  and  patents 
held  by  Ingersoll.  The  Ingersoll  drill 
was  made  with  the  separate  front  head, 
as   used   today. 

Organization  of  the  Ingersoll 
Company 

Mr.  Navarro  organized  the  Ingersoll 
Rock  Drill  Company,  investing  $10,000 
in  the  concern.  Litigation  arose  with 
Burleigh,  of  Massachusetts,  who  owned 
the  rights  of  Fowle  and  others.  How- 
ever, Mr.  Navarro's  plentiful  supply  of 
funds  and  his  liberal  nature,  brought 
about  a  settlement  on  the  suits,  and  all 
the  patents  became  the  property  of  the 
Ingersoll  Rock  Drill  Company. 

The  business  quickly  paid  back  to  Mr. 
Navarro  the  SIO.OOO  he  had  put  into  it, 
and  in  later  years  he  sold  his  interests 
to  R.  W.  Chapin  for  S525,000.  Sergeant 
sold  out  because  of  friction  with  the 
management,  went  West,  engaged  in 
mining,  returned  to  New  York  about  1885 
and  organized  the  Sergeant  Drill  Com- 
pany. 

The  Rand  Drill  Company 

Early  in  rock-drill  developments  the 
Rand  brothers,  .Addison  C.  and  Jasper  R., 
had  become  interested  through  their  con- 
nection with  the  Laflin  &  Rand  Powder 
Company.  Addison  C.  Rand  formed  the 
Rand  &  Waring  Drill  and  Compressor 
Company,  later  controlled  exclusively  by 
Rand  and  merged  with  the  Rand  Drill 
Company,  established  in  1871  and  incor- 
porated in  1879. 

J.  C.  Githens.  superintendent  of  the 
Rand  Drill  Company,  invented  the 
"Little  Giant"  rock  drill.  He  was  the 
originator  also  of  many  improvements, 
notably    the    double-screw    column    with 


July 


1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


13 


column  arm,  which  made  practical  the- 
application  of  the  rock  drill  to  mining 
and  tunneling. 

Consolidation   of  Original  Companies 

The  Sergeant  &  Cullingworth  Com- 
pany, manufacturing  the  IngersoU  drill, 
the  Sergeant  Drill  Company,  and  the  In- 
gersoU Rock  Drill  Company  were  merged 
into  the  Ingersoll-Sergeant  Drill  Com- 
pany. Later  on,  the  Rand  Drill  Com- 
pany and  the  Ingersoll-Sergeant  Drill 
Company  were  consolidated  into  the  In- 
gersoll-Rand  Company,  today  carrying  on 
the  business  of  all  these  pioneer  con- 
cerns. The  Rand  drill  from  the  begin- 
ning had  been  the  most  formidable  com- 
petitor of  the  IngersoU  and  Sergeant 
types.  The  conjunction  of  the  Ingersoll- 
Sergeant  and  Rand  companies,  therefore, 
was  a  combination  of  valuable  patents  in 
rock  drills,  compressors  and  general  ma- 
chinery for  mining,  tunneling  ana  quar- 
rying. Each  shop  received  the  benerit  of 
the  experience  of  all  the  others  and  the 
best  features  of  the  IngersoU,  Sergeant 
and  Rand  types  were  taken  to  make  up 
an  improved  product. 


The  Mining  Industry  in  Guatemala 


West    Virginia    (jeological    Survey 


The  West  Virginia  Geological  Survey, 
Morgantown,  W.  Va.,  has  just  issued  two 
new  publications:  A  new  edition  of  the 
coal,  oil,  gas  and  limestone  map;  and 
a  new  detailed  county  report  on  Pleas- 
ants, Wood   and    Ritchie   counties. 

The  new  edition  of  the  map  contains  a 
thorough  revision  of  the  coal,  oil  and 
gas  developments,  the  same  being 
brought  uptodate  as  nearly  as  possible. 
It  also  contains  the  railway  lines,  con- 
structed since  1908.  The  names  and  post- 
office  addresses  of  all  the  coal  com- 
panies operating  in  West  Virginia  up  to 
the  early  part  of  1910  are  given  on  the 
map  by  counties,  and  the  situation  of 
the  several  mines  is  indicated  by  appro- 
priate symbols  and  numbers.  This  map 
can  be  obtained  for  50c.  by  application 
to  the   survey   office. 

The  detailed  county  report,  containing 
topographic,  geologic  and  soil  maps,  is 
complete  for  the  district  covered.  The 
soils  have  been  studied,  mapped  and  de- 
scribed by  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. The  topographic  map  shows  the 
geology,  all  the  roads  and  by-roads, 
houses,  villages,  etc.  The  oil  and  gas 
pools  developed  up  to  1909  are  shown  by 
appropriate  symbols.  This  book  may  be 
obtained  for  SI. 75  by  addressing  the  sur- 
vey office. 


A  cement  plant  will  be  erected  at 
Juarez  in  Mexico  opposite  El  Paso,  Tex., 
with  a  capacity  of  2000  bbl.  daily.  During 
1909  12,000,000  bbl.  of  cement  were  im- 
ported into  Mexico  principally  from 
England. 


The  mining  industry  of  Guatemala  is 
beginning  to  occupy  a  prominent  place, 
due  largely  to  railway  construction  and 
the  exploitation  of  mines  by  foreign  cap- 
ital. 

Early  Operations 

Mining  operations  date  back  to  1627 
and  were  carried  on  either  directly  or 
indirectly  by  the  church.  When  theo- 
cratic supremacy  gave  place  to  demo- 
cratic rule,  the  mines  were  abandoned 
and  forgotten,  only  faint  traditions  of 
the  richest  ones  having  been  handed 
down  from  generation  to  generation.  In 
1866  an  English  company  was  organized 
and  conducted  operations  on  the  San 
Pantaleon  vein,  and  is  reported  to  have 
made  good  profit   for  20  years. 

In  the  Huehuetenango  district,  on  the 
south  slope  of  the  Chuchumantanes 
mountains,  rich  silver-lead  deposits  have 
been  discovered;  also  iron  and  copper 
in  sufficient  quantity  to  justify  careful  ex- 
ploration. The  silver-lead  mines  of  this 
district  were  worked  by  the  natives  in  a 
desultory  fashion  during  the  last  century 
for  the  sake  of  lead  alone. 

The  Chiquimula  district,  which  is  pene- 
trated by  the  Guatemala  railway,  is  said 
to  contain  diversified  mineral  deposits,  in 
which  gold,  silver,  copper,  zinc,  iron  and 
manganese  exist  in  such  quantities  as  to 
make  profitable  the  proper  working  of 
these  deposits.  This  district  in  former 
days  produced  large  quantities  of  silver, 
but  the  mines  caved  and  have  never 
been  formally  opened  since.  These 
mines  are  in   the   .Motepeque   mountains. 

The  departments  of  San  Marcos,  Que- 
zaltenango,  Solola,  Chimaltenango,  Sac- 
atepequez,  Amatitlan,  Santa  Rosa,  Jal- 
apa,  Jutiapa,  and  Guatemala  all  contrib- 
uted to  the  mineral  exhibits  of  the  Na- 
tional Exposition  numerous  samples  of 
their  metallic  resources,  and  are  worthy 
of  careful  examination  by  anyone  de- 
siring mining  properties. 

Government  Regulations 

The  Guatemalan  government  recog- 
nizes the  extreme  importance  of  devel- 
oping and  fostering  the  mining  industrv. 
and  to  this  end  a  mining  code  was  en- 
acted in  1900,  which  provides  that  any 
one  may  denounce  mines  of  any  class 
and  obtain  possession  by  following  the 
procedure  as  set  forth  in  the  code,  with 
the  exception  of  deposits  of  sulphur  and 
saltpeter.  These  may  be  worked  through 
special  contract  with  the  national  gov- 
ernment. No  permit  is  necessary  to  pros- 
pect gold-bearing  sands  of  the  numer- 
ous rivers,  and  placers  open  to  the  pub- 
lic may  be  freely  utilized.  Should  any 
one   desire   to   work   such   deposits   as   a 


permanent  establishment  by  means  of 
machinery  or  construct  works,  he  must 
solicit  the  concession  of  a  mining  claim. 
Anyone,  on  the  other  hand,  may  exploit 
deposits  on  uncultivated  land  with  the 
obligation  to  pay  any  damages,  and  also 
on  cultivated  lands  after  notifying  the 
owner  or  his  representative,  and  should 
the  owner  object,  appeal  should  be  made 
to   the   authorities   for  the   desired    right. 


The  Government  Testing  Plant 


•.Mistrnct    of    i-oport    of    Consul-<H'ii«'i-al    of 
Cii.itoinnhi. 


Important  action  taken  on  June  25  by 
the  conferees  of  the  House  and  Senate 
with  reference  to  the  sundry  civil  appro- 
priation bill  has  resulted  in  materially 
modifying  the  work  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  and  the  Bureau  of  Standards,  at  the 
same  time  altering  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
act  by  apparently  repealing  part  of  its 
provisions.  The  original  bill  transferred 
to  the  new  bureau  the  work  of  testing 
structural  materials  which  has  been  done 
by  the  Geological  Survey  and  entrusted 
the  Bureau  of  Mines  with  the  machinery 
for  testing  materials  which-  has  been 
bought  and  installed.  When  the  sundry 
civil  bill  was  originally  introduced  it  con- 
tained a  provision  of  S100,000  for  the 
work  of  testing  structural  materials  dur- 
ing the  coming  year,  such  work  to  be 
done  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines.  This  pro- 
vision was  altered  on  various  occasions 
during  the  discussion,  the  effort  being  to 
transfer  the  work  of  testing  to  the  Bureau 
of  Standards  and  to  give  that  bureau  S50,- 
000  instead  of  the  original  SI00,000  for 
doing  the  work.  The  bill  when  returned 
from  conference  committee  to  the  House 
carried  this  change  and  the  alteration  led 
to  a  considerable  debate.  This  controver- 
sy was  shared  in  largely  by  Pennsylvania 
representatives  who  urged  on  behalf  of 
the  city  of  Pittsburg  that  the  work  of 
testing  be  continued  there   as  heretofore. 

Representative  Tawney,  chairman  of  the 
House  Appropriations  committee,  argued 
that  the  demand  of  the  Pennsylvanians 
for  the  continuance  of  the  work  was  due 
to  a  desire  on  the  part  of  some  Pittsburg 
corporations  to  get  their  testing  done 
without  charge.  When  the  bill  finally 
came  back  to  the  House  it  still  kept  the 
change  whereby  the  appropriation  for 
testing  in  the  Bureau  of  Mines  was 
omitted  and  the  other  change  whereby 
S50,000  for  testing  was  given  to  the  Bu- 
reau of  Standards. 

Contradictory  opinions  are  entertained 
with  reference  to  the  effect  produced  bv 
this  provision,  in  vitw  of  the  fact  that  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  act  gives  the  work  to  that 
organization.  These  conflicting  views  were 
represented  in  the  exchange  of  views  at 
tht  close  of  the  debate  in  the  House,  but 
(he  general  opinion  was  that  the  transfer 
of  the  appropriation  repealed  the  former 
provision  and  effected  the  transfer  of  the 
plant  to  the  Bureau  of  Standards. 


14 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


BY  W.  R.  INGALLS 


July  2,  1910. 


Cost    of    Metallurgical    Works 


.In  any  estimate  of  cost  of  production, 
the  necessary  investment  in  plant  is  an 
essential  consideration.  In  generalizing 
the  following  data  as  to  the  cost  of  some 
typical  plants,  it  is  important  to  make 
allowances  for  differences  in  time;  i.e., 
the  data  do  not  refer  to  the  same  period, 
and  a  plant  which  may  have  cost  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  money  at  a  certain  time 
might  five  years  later  cost  materially 
more,  owing  to  an  increase  in  the  cost 
of  labor  and  material.  For  purposes  of 
comparison,  and  also  for  other  purposes, 
it  is  useful  to  reduce  figures  to  the  basis 
of  the  ton  of  annual  capacity. 

Concentrating  Mills 

The  cheapest  type  of  mill  is  that  which 
is  used  in  the  Joplin  district.  A  few 
years  ago,  such  a  mill  of  50,000  tons  an- 
nual capacity  could  be  built  for  S6000  to 
$8000,  or  12  to  16c.  per  ton  of  capacity. 
The  cost  at  the  present  time  is  perhaps 
not  materially  higher.  A  mill  of  differ- 
ent type,  designed  for  the  concentration 
of  mixed  sulphide  ore,  requiring  fine 
grinding,  can  be  built  on  certain  lines 
for  $10,000  to  SI 2.000  for  15,000  tons 
capacity,  or  67  to  80c.  per  ton,  but  mills 
for  the  same  purpose,  of  different  design, 
may  cost  materially  more.  In  this  con- 
nection it  is  important  to  remark  that 
cheapness  in  first  cost  may  be  at  the  ex- 
pense of  cheapness  in  subsequent  op- 
erations, and  vice  versa.  The  same  prin- 
ciple governs  all  kinds  of  metallurgical 
work. 

Passing  to  larger  mills,  one  of  capacity 
of  75,000  tons  per  annum,  built  of  tim- 
ber in  the  old-fashioned  way,  like  many 
of  the  mills  in  the  CcEur  d'Alene,  cost 
about  60c.  per  ton  for  construction,  in 
Missouri,  10  years  ago.  The  mill  of  the 
St.  Louis  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany, a  steel  construction,  built  at  about 
the  same  time,  cost  about  80c.  per  ton 
for  300,000  tons  capacity.  Under  pres- 
ent conditions  the  figures  would  doubt- 
less be  considerably  increased.  The  Sil- 
ver Lake  mill,  Animas  district,  San  Juan 
county,  Colo.,  75,000  tons  capacity,  cost 
$1.33  per  ton. 

The  mill  of  the  Boston  Consolidated, 
near  Salt  Lake  City,  1,000,000  tons,  cost 
about  $1.50  per  ton.  The  Garfield  mill 
of  the  Utah  Copper  Company,  which 
may  be  rated  at  2,200.000  tons,  up  to 
Dec.  31,  1909,  had  cost  $4,097,593,  which 
is  $1.85  per  ton  of  capacity.  The  dif- 
ference between  the  cost  of  these  two 
mills  is  partly  explained  by  the  fact  that 
the  Boston  mill  has  no  power  plant,  ex- 
cept its  transforming  station,  electric 
power  being  purchased.     The   Utah  and 


Boston  mills  were  both  constructed  at  a 
period  (1907)  of  high  cost  for  material 
and  labor.  They  are  both  designed  for 
fine  grinding,  which,  of  course,  increases 
the  cost  of  a  concentrating  mill.  Final- 
ly, both  of  them  are  provided  with  large 
ore-storage  capacity,  which  is  always 
costly.  Overhead  storage  bins  can  sel- 
dom be  built  for  less  than  $3  per  ton 
of  capacity,  and  the  cost  may  run  up  to 
S5  or  more. 

Up  to  March  31,  1910,  the  mill  of  the 
Ohio  Copper  Company,  at  Lark,  Utah, 
1,000,000  tons  capacity,  had  cost  $1,273,- 
215.  It  is  estimated  that  $250,000  is  re- 
quired to  complete  the  plant.  Accord- 
ing to  these  figures  the  cost  of  the  plant 
will  be  about  $1.50  per  ton  of  annual 
capacity. 

Magnetic  Separating  Plants 

Concentrating  plants  that  are  to  em- 
ploy the  process  of  magnetic  separation 
are  far  more  costly  than  simple  mills. 
The  works  of  the  New  Jersey  Zinc  Com- 
pany, at  Franklin  Furnace,  N.  J.,  some- 
what upward  of  300,000  tons  capacity, 
cost  about  $1.75  per  ton.  Small  plants 
of  15,000  tons  capacity,  employing  fine 
grinding,  Wilfley  tables  and  Wetherill 
separators,  may  be  expected  to  cost  from 
S3  to  $4  per  ton,  depending  somewhat 
upon  whether  roasting  furnaces  must  be 
provided. 

Copper  Smelting  Works 

A  blast-furnace  plant  employing  the 
semipyritic  process,  where  no  roasting 
furnaces  were  required,  cost  $600,000  in 
1901  for  330,000  tons  capacity,  or  about 
SI. 70  per  ton.  The  Balaklala  works,  in 
Shasta  county,  Cal.,  estimated  to  have 
437,500  tons  capacity,  constructed  in 
1907-8.  when  labor  and  material  were 
dear,  cost  a  little  less  than  $2.25  per 
ton,  of  which  25c.  was  for  the  converter 
plant.  This  works  has  Macdougal  roast- 
ing furnaces,  blast  furnaces  and  a  rever- 
beratory  furnace  for  smelting  flue  dust 
and  other  fine  producers. 

The  Washoe  works,  at  Anaconda, 
Mont.,  having  an  annual  capacity  of  3,- 
000,000  tons,  has  cost  $10,753,013  up 
to  date,  according  to  the  books  of 
the  company,  but  that  figure  includes 
the  cost  of  plant  that  has  been  dis- 
carded and  amortized.  This  works, 
moreover,  comprises  a  concentrating  mill 
which  greatly  reduces  the  bulk  of  the 
ore  passed  on  to  the  smeltery  proper. 
The  total  book-cost  of  the  Highland  Boy 
works,  near  Salt  Lake  City,  a  plant  of 
300,000  tons  capacity,  was  $972,676.  The 
Garfield    works,   a   plant   similar   to   the 


Washoe  but  without  the  concentrating 
mill,  near  Salt  Lake  City,  800,000  tons 
capacity,  cost  $6,000,000,  or  $7.50  per 
ton.  This  was  notoriously  an  extrava- 
gant construction,  but  it  is  to  be  re- 
marked that  its  design  is  such  that  its 
capacity  can  be  largely  increased  without 
proporitionate  increase  in  first  cost.  This 
is  another  condition  that  is  to  be  reck- 
oned in  attempting  generalizations  of 
this   kind. 

Lead  Smelteries  and  Refineries 

A  modern  lead-smelting  works,  of 
330,000  tons  annual  capacity,  costs  from 
5800,000  to  $1,000,000,  or  $2.30  to  $3  per 
ton.  The  lower  figure  ought  to  be  ap- 
proximated rather  than  the  higher.  A 
lead-desilverizing  refinery,  capable  of 
treating  30,000  tons  of  base  bullion  per 
annum,  costs  about  $6.66.  An  electro- 
lytic lead-refining  plant  is  more  costly. 

Zinc  Smelting  Works 

In  zinc  smelteries  there  is  a  wide  range. 
Works  of  25,000  tons  annual  capacity  in 
the  natural-gas  field  of  Kansas  and  Okla- 
homa have  been  built  for  as  little  as  $7 
per  ton.  but  there  have  been  usually  ad- 
ditions to  make  and  I  am  disposed  to  put 
$8  per  ton  as  the  minimum  for  a  plant 
with  full  roasting  capacity.  A  plant  in 
the  same  field,  of  superior  design  and 
construction,  cost  about  $10  per  ton. 
These  figures  represent  conditions  of 
1901-5.  At  the  present  time  they  might 
have  to  be  increased  by  10(ffl2'/^  per 
cent.  One  of  the  recent  plants  of  the 
ordinary  type  cost  about  $9  per  ton. 

A  plant  to  burn  coal,  with  gas  pro- 
ducers and  regenerative  furnaces,  in  Eu- 
rope a  few  years  ago  was  figured  to 
cost  about  $15.  The  same  plant  in  the 
United  States  would  probably  cost  $17.50 
(??18,  but  actual  constructions  have  run 
as  high  as  $20,  in  which  cases  there 
have  been  careless  mistakes  and  extrav- 
agances. A  plant  of  equally  high  ef- 
ficiency, but  designed  on  more  rational 
lines,  could  probably  have  been  built  for 
$16.  However,  under  present  conditions 
it  is  likely  that  all  of  these  figures  would 
have  to  be  increased. 

Sulphuric  Acid  Works 

If  a  sulphuric-acid  works  is  to  be 
added  to  the  zinc  smeltery,  the  cost  will 
be  $5'iT"6  per  ton,  based  on  pig  lead  at 
4c.  per  lb.  The  figures  do  not.  of  course, 
include  cost  of  burners,  the  place  of 
which  is  supplied  by  the  roasting  fur- 
naces. Such  a  plant  is  reckoned  as  being 
capable  of  producing  acid  of  60  deg. 
Baum6. 


July  2,  I9I0. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


15 


Electrostatic    Separation    of    Minerals    in    Ores 

Utilization  of  the  Variations  in  the  Conductivity  and  Inductivity  of  Min- 
erals.    Huff  Machine  Used   in  Wisconsin  and  Utah  on  Zinc  Middlings 


BY     HENRY     A.      WENTWORTH* 


The  art  of  separation  of  the  minerals 
present  in  ores  by  utilizing  their  differ- 
ences in  electrical  conductivity  and  in- 
ductivity in  an  electrostatic  field,  is  now 
several  years  old,  as  reckoned  from  its 
conception,  but  only  little  more  than  two 
years  old,  as  computed  from  the  time  of 
its  permanent  commercial  success  on  a 
large  scale.  For  several  years  prior  to 
1908,  electrostatic  separation  had  been 
experimented  with  to  solve  various  "com- 
plex-ore" problems,  and  its  principles 
and  proposed  usage  at  that  stage  of  its 
development  have  been  set  forth  and  de- 
scribed in  the  Journal  and  other  tech- 
nical publications. 

The  electrostatic  separator,  as  used  to- 
day, and  the  several  special  types  of 
electrical  apparatus  which  it  was  found 
necessary  to  develop  for  the  proper  elec- 


without  roasting,  the  jig  products  from 
the  various  wet  mills  of  the  Wisconsin 
zinc  district.  It  is  producing  daily,  about 
80  tons  of  concentrates  from  a  supply 
of  blende  and  marcasite,  averaging  in 
composition  approximately  25  per  cent, 
zinc  and  25  per  cent,  iron  (the  remainder 
being  sulphur  and  a  little  gangue).  One 
concentrate  product  ranges  in  composi- 
tion from  55  to  60  per  cent,  zinc,  and  2.5 
to  3.5  per  cent,  iron,  and  another  pro- 
duct of  high-grade  marcasite  (valuable 
from  its  high  sulphur  content  for  sul- 
phuric acid  I  assays  from  4  to  4.5  per 
cent.    zinc. 

Successful  Operation   at   Midvale, 
Utah 

The    success    of    the    Platteville    plant 
aroused   general   interest   in   the   electro 


copper  and  iron  of  the  feed,  which  pro- 
duct is  smelted  in  the   lead   furnaces. 

In  regard  to  this  plant,  the  United 
States  Smelting,  Refining  and  Mining 
Company  says  in  its  annual  report  re- 
cently issued  for  the  year  1909,  "The 
value  of  the  ore  was  considerably  en- 
hanced by  the  installation,  in  the  con- 
centrator at  Midvale,  Utah,  of  the  Huff 
electrostatic  process  of  separation.  By 
this  process  the  zinc  contained  in  the  ore 
is  separated  and  is  now  made  to  yield  a 
revenue. 

Before  the  installation  of  this  process, 
the  zinc  was  not  only  a  total  loss,  but  it 
added,  on  account  of  its  refractory  na- 
ture, materially  to  the  difficulty  and  cost 
of  smelting."  In  other  branches  of  ore 
concentration  and  separation,  the  electro- 
static art  has  become  an  addition  of  great 


American   Plant  at  Platteville,  Wis.,  Using 
Electrostatic  Separators 


United  States  Smelting  Company's  Concentrator 
at  Midvale,  Utah 


trification  of  the  separator  for  commer- 
cial field  work,  are  the  result  of  gradual 
development  for  many  years.  Ever  since 
the  disclosure  of  the  principle,  the  de- 
velopment, as  represented  by  the  pres- 
ent types  of  Huff  separators  has  Oeen 
carried  on  by,  and  under  the  direction  of 
Charles  H.  Huff,  of  Boston,  Mass. 

First    Installation    at    Platteville, 
Wisconsin 

The  first  Huff  electrostatic  separator, 
of  type  D  for  zinc  separation,  was  put 
in  operation  in  March,  1908,  at  Platte- 
ville, Wis.,  where  in  that  month  was 
completed  and  started  an  electrostatic 
separating  plant  for  the  American  Zinc, 
Lead  and  Smelting  Company.  A  view  of 
the  plant,  as  it  stands  today,  is  shown 
in  an  accompanying  illustration.  This 
plant  has  been  in  practically  continuous 
operation   since   its  completion,   treating, 

•Ma*in?ror.  IIiilT  Electrostatic  Spparator 
Compan.v.    fiO   Tndl.i  street,    Boston,    Mass. 


static  art,  both  in  this  and  foreign  coun- 
tries, as  has  also  the  success  of  the 
electrostatic  separating  plant  of  the 
United  States  Smelting,  Refining  and 
Minins  Company,  at  Bingham  Junction 
mow  called  Midvale),  Utah.  A  view  of 
this  plant  is  also  shown  in  an  accom- 
panying illustration.  At  Midvale,  the 
crude-ore  feed  to  the  wet  concentrator 
analyzes:  Au,  0.08  oz.;  Ag,  3.8;  Cu, 
0.41  per  cent.;  Pb,  8.4;  SiOj,  28.8;  Fe, 
14.3;  Zn,  9;  S,  21.6;  CaO,  6  per  cent. 
A  shipping  lead  product,  a  failings,  and 
a  middlings  are  produced,  the  latter  as- 
saying Au,  0.05  oz.;  Ag,  2.8;  Cu,  l.Il 
per  cent.;  Pb,  3.3;  SiOc,  4.6;  Fe,  24.3; 
Zn.  21.6;  CaO,  1.9.  This  product  is 
passed  into  the  electrostatic  mill,  dried 
but  not  roasted  and  separated  electro- 
statically, producing  a  high-grade  blende 
of  the  following  approximate  composi- 
tion: Au,  0.02  oz.;  Ag,  1.5;  Fe.  3.6  per 
cent.:  Zn,  52.9,  and  a  high-grade  pyrite 
product   carrying   the   gold,   silver,   lead, 


importance  to  ore  dressing.  The  appli- 
cation in  commercial  detail  will  be  more 
fully  described  at  a  later  date. 

Principles  of  Electrostatic  Separator 

The  fundamental  principle  of  electri- 
city, upon  which  the  electrostatic  ma- 
chine is  based,  is  that:  Bodies  charged 
with  like  kinds  or  polarities  of  electricity 
repel  one  another,  while  bodies  charged 
with  unlike  kinds  or  polarities  of  elec- 
tricity, attract  one  another.  It  utilizes, 
to  effect  sep.irations  of  the  minerals  in 
ores,  their  differences  in  electrical  con- 
ductivity. Alost  people  are  prone  to  con- 
fuse the  term  electrostatic  separation 
with  that  of  magnetic  separation,  but  the 
two  are  based  on  entirely  different  prin- 
ciples. This  difference  should  be  clearly 
appreciated. 

Every  mineral,  if  subjected  to  a  suf- 
ficiently high  voltage  (electrical  pres- 
sure! conducts  electricity  to  some  extent, 
either  through  its  body  or  over  its  sur- 


13 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


face.  As  minerals  differ  in  the  readi- 
ness with  which  they  conduct,  it  follows 
that  when  a  mixture  of  minerals  is  sub- 
jected to  a  charging  influence  there  will 
be  differences  in  the  time  required  for 
the  different  minerals  to  become  electric- 
ally charged;  and  conversely,  if  all  the 
minerals  of  a  mixture  become  charged 
in  some  manner  there  will  be  differences 
in  the  time  in  which  the  different  minerals 
become  discharged  when  in  contact  with 
a  discharging  surface.  Thus,  if  a  mix- 
ture of  fine  copper  grains  (good  con- 
ductors) and  dry  fine  quartz  grains  (poor 
conductors),  while  in  a  neutral  electrical 
condition,  be  brought  in  contact  with  a 
surface  highly  charged  with  electricity, 
the  copper  grains,  because  they  conduct 
the  electricity  readily,  become  immedi- 
ately charged  to  the  same  condition  as 
the  surface,  and,  if  not  too  heavy,  fly 
from  it.  The  quartz,  because  a  poorer 
conductor,  requires  a  longer  time  to  re- 
ceive a  charge  from  contact  with  the 
surface,  hence  clings  to  the  surface,  or. 
if  the  surface  be  in  a  suitable  position, 
may  drop  off  by  reason  of  its  weight. 

If  the  mixture  above  mentioned  be  in 
some  manner  first  charged  with  electri- 
city of  one  kind   and   then   subjected   to 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  MINKKAI  S  .U'COKH 
ING   TO   CONDUCTIVITY. 

GOOD^CONDUCTOR.S.  PoOR  CONDUCTORS. 

Most  Sulphides:  \fosl  SUkious  Minerals 

Pvrite.  "'"'  ^o'^'^^' 

Chalcopvrite.  Quartz. 

Ctialcocite.  Qiiart?ite. 

Galena.  Sandstone. 

Nalive  Metals:  '^}^^^ 

Copper.  Porphyry. 

Gold.  Ande.site. 

Some  Oxides:  Epidote. 

Garnet. 
Cal  inline. 
Most  Ciirbunatcs: 


but  the  better  conductors  will  be  re- 
pelled more  vigorously,  while  the  poorer 
conductors  will  cling  tenaciously  to  the 
surface.  Or  there  may  be  apparently 
no  repulsion,  the  separation  being  made 
by  the  poorer  conductors  clinging  more 
tenaciously  to  the  surface  than  the  better 
conductors.  These  actions  are  illustrated 
in  the  accompanying  drawing,  in  which 
( 1 )  is  the  path  of  better  conductors  with 
certain  types  of  electrification;  (2)  is  the 
path  of  poorer  conductors  with  certain 
types  of  electrification,  and  of  better  con- 
ductors with  other  types  of  electrification, 


Limestone. 
Siderite. 


Magnetite 

Hematite. 
Certain  Arsenic  and  An 

timony  Compounds:  Calcite 

Pyrargyrite. 

Tetrahedrite. 
Biotite.  '  '■"»*''  »"IP'"''<"- 

Graphite.  ^ypluuu'''''^'  '"■■"'■ 

Sulphide'of  Zinc  (.Splial- 
eritp  or,Blenfie>; 

contact  with  a  surface  charged  with  elec- 
tricity of  the  other  kind,  the  copper 
grains  will  instantly  lose  their  first 
charge  and  leave  the  plate  as  before, 
while  the  quartz  grains  will  cling  much 
more  tenaciously  than  before  (because 
unlike  charges  attract  one  another),  un- 
til the  charge  first  received  becomes  neu- 
tralized by  the  charge  on  the  surface,  or 
until  they  are  brushed  off.  Or,  instead 
of  moving  the  mixture  of  good  and  poor 
conductors  progressively  into  regions  of 
different  electrical  condition,  to  effect  the 
separative  action,  the  electrical  condition 
of  the  surface  upon  which  they  rest  may 
be  very  suddenly  changed,  whereupon  the 
better  conductors  will  more  rapidly  fol- 
low the  electrical  changes  than  will  the 
poorer   conductors. 

Different  Effects  Utilized 

The  various  forms  of  electrostatic  sep- 
arators use  these  different  effects  in  nu- 
merous ways.  There  may  be  vigorous 
repulsion  of  all  the  minerals  of  the  feed. 


often  from  one  another  in  the  same  class. 
Although  the  minerals  mentioned  usually 
belong  in  the  indicated  list,  this  is  by 
no  means  always  the  case.  For  example, 
garnet  varies,  according  to  its  composi- 
tion, from  a  very  poor  conductor  to  a 
fairly  good  conductor.  The  conductivity 
of  blende  in  its  natural  condition  is  of- 
ten, though  not  always,  largely  dependent 
on  the  amount  of  iron  or  manganese 
chemically  associated  with   it. 

In  many  cases  where  it  is  impossible 
to  separate  two  minerals  in  their  natural 
condition,  the  conductivity  of  one  of  the 


The  Huff  Electrostatic  Separator 


and  (3)  is  the  path  of  poor  conductors 
with  some  types  of  electrification.  The 
use  of  these  actions  and  modifications  is 
protected  in  all  important  countries  of 
the  world  by  the  fundamental  and  sub- 
sidiary patents  of  the  Huff  Electrostatic 
Separator  Company. 

MiNEKAIS    ClASSEO    ACCORIMNC     TO 

Conductivity 

With  regard  to  electrostatic  separation, 
minerals  may  be  divided  into  two  general 
classes  of  pood  and  relatively  poor  con- 
ductors. Of  these,  minerals  of  one  class 
can  usually  be  separated  electrostatical- 
ly  from  minerals  of  the  other  class,  and 


tnirerals  may  be  altered  by  artificial 
means,  such  as  by  heat,  by  chemical  or 
electrochemical  action,  etc.  Thus  certain 
poorly  conductive  carbonates  may  be 
converted  by  heat  into  conductive  oxides; 
a  poorly  conductive  zinc  blende  con- 
verted to  a  better  conductor  by  electro- 
chemical action;  or  a  conductive  blende 
rendered  less  conductive  by  a  chemical 
bath.  A  list  is  given  herewith  of  typical 
minerals  showing  their  general  relation 
to  electrical  conductivit\'. 

An  examination  of  the  tables  given 
herewith  shows  that  electrostatic  separa- 
tion has  a  number  of  unique  fields  of 
great  importance. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


17 


Large  Field  for  Electrostatic 
Separation 

The  electrostatic  machine  may  be 
classed:  As  a  general  concentrator  of 
sulphide  ores  from  their  gangues,  and  is 
particularly  useful  in  dry  sections  where 
water  is  comparatively  difficult  to  obtain; 
as  a  separator  of  copper,  zmc  and  lead- 
silver  ores  from  heavy  gangues.  such  as 
garnet,  barite,  epidote.  etc. ;  a  concentrator 
of  molybdenite,  graphite,  monazite,  and 
for  the  solution  of  other  such  special 
problems  in  which  water  separation  alone 
is  not  usually  successful;  a  concentra- 
tor of  pyrite  for  sulphuric  acid,  for  by 
electrostatic  separation  there  is  produced 
a  product  high  in  sulphur  with  high  re- 
coveries of  the  sulphur  present  in  the 
ore.     Of   course,    one    of   the    most    im- 


ly  to  the  spaces  in  which  the  separations 
take  place. 

In  the  development  of  the  electrostatic 
art  one  of  the  principal  problems  has 
been  the  production  of  the  high-tension 
electricity  and  its  application  to  the  sep- 
arator in  such  a  manner  that  the  opera- 


Electrode 
(may  be  ijrouii^cd) 


loteusv  Action 


Electrode 
-fmuy  be  grounded) 
Biuab 


Action  of  Electrostatic  Separator  on 
Various  Conductors 


COMMERCIALLY  IMPORTANT  ELECTROST.VTIC  SEPARATIONS. 


Material. 


Product. 


Pyrile    and    chalcopy-  (  Original 
rite   in   v  a  r  i  o  u  .'i  J  Concentrates 
eaneiies (  Tails 

'''i?e7n*Pe^™4'"'  ''°™-  1  Conlm'rates 
ite  in  garnet |  Tails 


Zinc-  iron-  silver  ore . 


[Original 
Concentrates 
!  Tails 


Zinc-    lead-    iron  mid-  (  con«"ntrates 
l'"«s j  Tails 


Table  concentrates. 


Zinc  from  above  tails. . 


Original 

Concentrates 

Tails 

I  Concentrates 
Tails 


Cu, 
Per  Cent. 

Fe, 
Percent. 

2.56 
5.63 
0.10 

17.8 

37.2 

2.0 

6.37 
9.33 
0.14 

25.0 

36.3 

1.9 

3.60 

19.10 

0.34 

18.6 
25.7 
17.6 

2.61 
3.33 
0.91 

23.8 

30.7 

3.4 

20.2 

31.2 

2.4 

2.11 
5.65 
0.13 

16.2 

37.2 

4.2 

Pb,      I      Zn,      i    SiO„ 
Percent.  Per  Cent.,  Per  Cent. 


Ag, 
Ounces. 


13.9 

16.4 

2.7 

12.6 

21.0 

0.5 


lil,4 

6.4 

51.8 

23.1 

4.0 

53.8 

29.9 

4.9 

44.9 

57.1 
1.3 


5.2 
3.2 
8.5 

19.9 

6.6 

15.9 


2.6 
5.5 
0.4 


32.3  (Iron  partly 

14.4  in  sulphide 
36.7  and    partly 

in    garnet.) 
....  52. S 
.  09.0 
4.6 


significance  in  the  recent  rapid  progress 
in  the  art  are:  The  elimination  of  close 
super\'ision  of  the  machines;  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  range  in  size  of  the  material 
which  can  be  separated  electrostatically; 
the  advance  in  the  separation  of  mate- 
rials lying  comparatively  close  together 
in  conductivity. 

The  attention  now  required  by  electro- 
static separators  is  about  the  same  as 
that  required  by  concentrating  tables,  as 
the  electrical  conditions  are  now  constant 
and  any  attention  to  the  machines  is  that 
of  a  change  or  adjustment  required  by 
variation  in  the  character  of  the  feed. 
Electrostatic  separation  can  now  handle 
successfully  material  of  which  a  large 
portion  passes  a  200-mesh  screen,  and 
also  material  which  is  coarser  than  Vs 
in.    in   diameter. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  recent  ad- 
vancement in  the  range  of  separation 
may  be  cited  the  work  on  the  "black 
jack"  zinc  problem.  Many  such  ores 
which  have  been  considered  inseparable 
from  pyrite  and  chalcopyrite  by  electro- 
static separation,  because  of  their  close- 
ness in  conductivity,  can  now  be  readily 
separated.  Systematic  and  persistent  in- 
vention is  responsible  for  the  success 
of  electrical  separation,  and  it  has  re- 
quired the  constant  application  of  a  num- 
ber of  carefully  trained  technical  inves- 
tigators, and  the  expenditure  of  a  large 
sum  of  money  to  bring  the  art  to  where 
it  is  today.  It  is  intended  to  bring  this 
art  to  a  high  state  of  development,  and 
to  this  end  there  is  kept  at  the  labora- 
tories of  the  Huff  Electrostatic  Separator 
Company,  at  60  India  street.  Boston, 
Mass.,  a  force  of  technical  men  working 
on   new   developments. 


portant  applications  of  the  electrostatic 
art  is  the  separation  of  blende  from  the 
several  minerals  which  it  so  closely  re- 
sembles in  specific  gravity.  Another  im- 
portant application  to  which  the  process 
has  recently  been  put  is  the  concentra- 
tion of  high-grade  silver  ores,  where  by 
water  concentration  it  is  impossible  to 
make  high  recoveries  and  also  obtain  a 
high-grade  shipping  product. 

Construction   of   the  Huff   Machine 

The  Huff  electrostatic  separator,  as 
now  developed,  is  constructed  in  several 
forms,  one  of  which  is  shown  in  an  ac- 
companying illustration.  This  machine  is 
constructed  almost  entirely  of  metal  and 
there  are  no  shaking  parts.  It  consists 
of  a  series  of  separating  electrodes, 
placed  one  above  the  other,  two  to  eight 
in  number,  depending  upon  the  require- 
ments of  the  ore  to  be  handled.  The 
separator  is  built  of  cast-iron  sections, 
two  electrodes  to  each  section,  which  ar- 
rangement allows  convenient  shipment 
and  flexibility  in  the  number  of  elec- 
trodes used.  The  electrical  fields  are 
concentrated  and  confined  almost  entire- 


tion  of  the  separator  is  constant  at  all 
times  and  unaffected  by  any  atmospher- 
ic condition.  This  has  been  accomplished 
and  the  electrical  apparatus,  as  now 
used,  consists  of  a  single  generating  out- 
fit placed  as  a  rule  in  the  engine  room 
of  the  mill,  under  the  supervision  of  the 
engineer,  and  receives  about  the  same 
amount  of  attention  as  the  electric  light- 
ing plant.  This  special  electrical  machin- 
ery is  entirely  and  radically  different 
from  the  static  machine  and  not  at  all 
subject  to  the  troubles  of  the  latter. 

The  capacity  of  the  Huff  separator  is 
variable,  depending  upon  the  size  of  the 
particles  of  the  material  treated,  the  dif- 
ference in  conductivity  of  the  ingredients, 
and  the  grade  of  products  it  is  desired  to 
obtain.  It  ranges  in  general  from  four  or 
five  tons  on  the  finer  material  to  15  or  16 
tons  on  coarser  sizes.  The  mechanical 
and  electrical  power  will  average  about 
'f?    h.p.    per  machine. 

Recent  Developments  in  Machine 

Besides  the  development  of  the  highly 
satisfactory  electrical  equipment,  and  the 
metallic    machine,    the    factors    of    most 


Mineral  ProtJuction    of    Chile 


The  mineral  output  of  Chile,  compiled 
by  La  Sociedad  Nacional  de  Mineria  is 
given  in  the  acompanying  table.  The 
production  of  copper  for  1909  was  slight- 
ly in  excess  of  that  of  1908,  and  is 
second  in  importance,  sodium  nitrate  be- 

MINERAL  PRODUCTION  OF  CHILE. 

1908.  mnn. 

Kk.  ks. 

C.nM    l.lR.«l..''i  1.268.4 

Silver    52.4:^5  44.282.5 

Copper    42.096,731  42.726.14.^ 

Maneanese    minerals  1.000  

I/'nd    n,722  1.200 

Mineral   specimens..  3.4.'i:<  

Iodine    330.000  474.200 

rntasslum  chlorate..  ,')4.r,no  !I2.220 

Borax    3.').n:!0.03S  .12. 21  S.n42 

Salt  i.fi2r>,7nn      2.cmv3on 

Sulphur    2.704.722        4. .-."7. "07 

Sulphuric    acid 797.000        l,41.-i.n00 

Guano    870,800      10.r,01.84!5 

Metric  Tons.  Metric  Tons. 

Coal    939.836  S08.971 

Sodium  nitrate 1.970.974       2,101.!^12 

ing  first.  The  latter  was  1,970,974  metric 
tons  in  1908,  and  2,101.512  tons  in  1909, 
amounting  to  over  $76,000,000.  Coal  oc- 
cupies the  third  place  in  the  mineral 
output,  while  next  in  order  are  iodine, 
borax,    silver    and    gold. 


18 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


History  and  Review  of  the  Niter  Industry  of  Chile 

Modern    Methods    Not   Used;    Labor-saving    Machinery  Not  Practical 
under    Existing    Conditions;    Extraction   Process    Might    Be    Improved 


BY        MARK 


R 


LAMB* 


Semper  and  Michels,  Santiago,  Chile, 
have  published  (1908)  an  exhaustive  re- 
view and  history  of  the  niter  industry 
of  Chile.  The  recent  continued  dis- 
covery of  large  areas  of  what  are  ex- 
pected to  be  commercial  deposits  of  so- 
dium nitrate  in  the  arid  regions  of  Ari- 
zona, Nevada  and  California  should  add 
much  interest  and  value  to  the  new  book 
in  the  eyes  of  the  western  prospector 
as  well  as  fruit-grower.  It  is  written  in 
Chilean  Spanish  and  contains  about  400 
pages  with  numerous  illuminating 
sketches,  photographs  and  maps.  It  is 
based  largely  upon  the  monograph  pre- 
pared on  this  subject  by  Professor  F.  A. 
Sundt  for  the  German  Government.  The 
text  is  divided  into  three  general  parts 
to  which  has  been  added  an  appendix 
which  corrects  figuies  of  production  and 
cost  to  date  besides  bringing  up  to  the 
moment  of  publication  the  histories  of 
the  numerous  "combines"  and  "commit- 
tees" organized  for  the  purpose  of  mar- 
keting the  niter. 

Four  Zones 

Part  one,  which  is  accompanied  with 
sectional  drawings  (Figs.  1,  2  and  3)  and 
maps  of  the  coastal  niter  desert,  gives  de- 
tailed geographical  descriptions  of  the 
various  deposits.  The  strip  of  the  west 
coast  of  South  America,  where  no  rain 
falls  and  which  is  nearly  destitute  of 
vegetation,  is  over  1300  miles  long,  ex- 
tending from  4  deg.  to  26  deg.  south 
latitude.  From  the  latter  point  the  rivers 
are  more  frequently  seen,  and  vegetation 
begins  to  show  a  short  distance  north  of 
Valparaiso.  This  work  refers  only  to 
the  northern  portion  of  Chile  where  rain 
Is  very  rare,  that  is  in  the  provinces  of 
Tarapaca  and  Antofagasta. 

Fig.  1  shows  how  readily  the  region  di- 
vides itself  into  four  distinct  zones.  These 
zones,  which  lie  parallel  with  the  coastal 
line,  are  the  steep  coast  range,  a  flat 
valley  or  plain,  the  foothills  of  the  Cor- 
dillera and  the  lofty,  snow-clad  Andes. 
The  aridity  of  the  plain  is  clearly  charge- 
able to  the  high  mountains.  The  warm, 
moisture-laden  air  from  the  lowlands  of 
the  valley  of  the  Amazon  is  never  able 
to  pass  this  barrier  with  its  burden.  The 
moisture  of  the  afternoon  sea  breeze 
from  the  Pacific  but  rarely,  and  only  in 
winter,  condenses  to  the  point  of  forming 
a  light  shower.  Almost  daily  the  moist- 
ure of  this  breeze  forms  over  the  desert 
a  high  fog  or  cloud  which  disappears 
with  the  rising  sun.     This  is  always  ac- 


companied by  high-tension  electrical  con- 
ditions which  frequently  interrupt  tele- 
graph and  telephone  communication. 

The  geology  of  the  rock  upon  which  the 
niter  deposits  rest  is  touched  upon  only 
lightly  by  the  authors  as  having  no  in- 
fluence on  the  niter. 

Occurrence  of  the  NirER 

Pure  sodium  nitrate  in  a  crystallized 
state  is  found  only  in  minute  quantities. 
The  material  from  which  the  commercial 
product  is  extracted  is  a  mixture  of  that 
salt  with  chlorides  and  sulphates  and 
with  earth  and  rock.  As  the  word  cali- 
che is  used  to  designate  all  grades  of 
this  material  which  are  made  to  yield 
niter,  it  cannot  be  given  a  petrographical 
definition.     The   various  layers  of  niter- 


tions  in  decomposed  porphyry  and  as  sur- 
face efflorescence,  these  forms  are  of  no 
practical  importance. 

Origin  Not  Known 

The  question  of  the  origin  of  Chilean 
niter  has  occupied  the  attention  of  many 
notable  men  who  have  formulated  the 
most  diverse  hypotheses  without  having 
arrived  at  a  satisfactory  solution  of  the 
problem.  The  theory  based  on  the  de- 
composition of  marine  alg»,  first  pro- 
posed by  Noellner  and  the  one  most  fre- 
quently met  in  chemical  and  geological 
books,  is  declared  to  merit  least  con- 
sideration, since  neither  bromic  nor  phos- 
phoric acid  nor  fossils  of  marine  organ- 
isms have  been  found  in  the  niter  beds. 
The  theory  of  Muntz  and  Plagemann  is 

Cordillera  Ae  los  Andes 


The  J^itgiiiefruiff  ^  Mining  Journal 

Fig.  1  Ideal  Section  of  Chilean  Coast  Region 


•Milling     and     cyanlrtlnu     pnglneer,     AIlls- 
ChnlmcrB   Company,    Mllwankpp.    Win. 


bearing  material  are  given  local  names 
which  vary  with  the  relative  position  and 
other  characteristics  of  each. 

The  sketch.  Fig.  2,  shows  a  typical 
working  with  the  various  layers  indicated. 
Briefiy,  chuca  is  the  loose,  top  dirt,  costra 
is  a  conglomerate  layer  of  rock  cemented 
with  common  salt  and  a  low  percentage 
of  niter,  caliche  is  the  same  but  with  a 
workable  proportion  of  niter,  conjelo  is 
a  layer  of  sulphates  and  chlorides  of 
soda,  calcium  and  magnesium,  and  coba 
is  loose  earth  containing  the  above  men- 
tioned salts  in  very  small  quantities. 

If  exceptions  prove  the  rule,  then  the 
above  brief  description  must  be  perfect, 
since  the  authors  give  a  bewildering  list 
of  variations  in  content,  arrangement  and 
physical  condition  of  these  layers  in  the 
various  fields.  Although  niter  occurs  as 
cavity  filling  in  limestone,  as  impregna- 


based  on  the  decomposition  of  organic 
matter  under  the  influence  of  a  nitrifying 
organism  (fermento).  Semper  and  Mich- 
els deny  that  there  is  any  foundation  for 
the  belief  that  there  were  ever  animals 
or  vegetables  in  the  Andes  in  sufficient 
quantities  to  justify  this  theory.  Tht 
guano  theory  of  Ochsenius,  based  on  first 
transforming  large  salt  marshes  into  so- 
dium carbonate  deposits  by  means  of  car- 
bonic acid  from  volcanic  sources  and  with 
a  further  change  to  nitrate  by  the  trans- 
port of  guano  from  sea  islands  by  air 
currents,  is  proven  widely  improbable. 

The  theory  of  the  formation  of  niter  by 
electric  tension  in  humid  air  has  the  sup- 
port of  the  practical  operators  on  the 
field,  though  it  is  frankly  admitted  that 
it  does  not  account  for  the  presence  of 
niter  in  the  Salar  de  Maricunga,  12,000 
ft.  above  and   100  miles  inland  from  the 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


19 


sea.  It  is  a  problem  reserved  for  a  geolo- 
gist to  solve  by  means  of  comparative 
investigation  of  the  conditions  of  the  va- 
rious beds  by  chemical  analysis  and  per- 
haps by  meteorological  investigations. 

The  fabulous  and  sensational  an- 
nouncements of  discoveries  of  niter  in 
California  which  were  made  by  New  York 
papers  in  the  autumn  of  1902  created 
great  alarm — in  Chile.  These  reports  re- 
sulted in  an  investigation  by  Gilbert  E. 
Bailey  and  the  publication  of  Bui.  No.  24 
by  the  California  State  Mining  Bureau. 
Extended  quotations  are  made  from  this 
bulletin.  It  is  shown  that  there  is  little 
similarity  in  the  deposits.  The  final  and 
important  point  made  is  that  though 
Bailey  expected  the  developments  of  that 
year  (1903)  to  disclose  workable  deposits 
of  niter,  no  such  discovery  had  been 
made  up  to  the  time  of  going  to  press. 

Prospecting  by  Drill  Holes 
Seventy  pages  are  devoted  to  a  minute- 
ly detailed  description  of  the  prospecting, 
proving,  mining  and  treatment  of  the 
caliche.  Before  the  land  is  acquired  and 
before  beginning  development  or  exploi- 
tation the  ground  is  proved  by  a  series 
of  small  shafts,  300  to  1000  ft.  apart. 
If  one  of  two  neighboring  holes  does  and 
the  other  does  not  show  caliche,  a  third 
hole  is  sunk  between  them  to  delimit  the 
valuable  ground.  These  latter  holes  are 
put  down  as  close  together  as  150  ft.,  de- 
pending on  the  aims  of  the  examination 
and  the  time  at  disposal.  Maps  are  made 
indicating  the  location  of  these  holes  and 
each  is  carefully  sampled  and  assayed, 
so  that  from  the  assay  maps  the  niter 
content  of  the  deposit  can  be  closely  esti- 
mated. A  loss  of  at  least  15  per  cent, 
is  sustained  in  mining  the  caliche  and  a 
further  loss  of  from  5  to  15  per  cent,  is 
made  in  extracting  the  niter  in  the  works. 
The  test  holes  are  made  12  in.  in  diam- 
eter and  are  bored  with  round  steel  bits 
with  four  cutting  edges.  These  bits  re- 
move the  surface  dirt.  The  hard  rock  is 
broken  with  dynamite  and  then  removed 
with  a  "spoon." 

The  large  number  and  slight  depth  of 
the  holes  has  suggested  the  use  of  a 
boring  machine,  but  besides  the  fact  that 
the  hardness  of  the  different  layers  va- 
ries most  extraordinarily,  the  subsoil  is 
too  porous  to  permit  the  use  of  water  in 
boring;  further,  the  continuous  transfer 
of  the  machine  from  one  hole  to  another 
would  be  difficult  on  account  of  the  soft- 
ness of  the  surface;  and  finally  on  ac- 
count of  the  difficulty  of  making  machine 
repairs  on  the  desert  it  is  out  of  the  ques- 
tion to  do  this  work  by  mechanical  means. 
The  drillers  are  paid  by  the  foot  and  the 
price  varies  from  13c.  to  39c.  per  foot. 
(This  part  of  the  book  was  written  in 
1902 — brought  up  to  date  in  the  appendix 
— and  the  rate  of  exchange  is  taken  at 
16d.  for  one  chileno  though  the  nominal 
value  of  the  chileno  is  I8d.  and  the  pres- 
ent actual  value  is  much  less.) 


Contractors  on  this  drilling  purchase 
dynamite,  fuse  and  caps  of  the  company. 
One  of  the  difficulties  of  contracting  this 
work  is  that  the  contractor,  in  order  to 
make  rapid  progress,  will  work  where  the 
ground  has  been  cut  by  ravines,  or  on 
the  edges  of  irregular  ground  and  not  in 
the  center.  As  the  layers  are  not  uni- 
form at  these  points  but  are  usually 
washed  out,  such  holes  cannot  be  used 
for  sampling.  Much  vigilance  is  there- 
fore required  and  when  time  permits  it 
is  better  to  do  this  work  with  day  labor. 

The  practical  laborer  can  usually  esti- 
mate within  a  few  per  cent,  the  value  of 
a  caliche,  but  where,  as  in  Aguas  Blan- 
cas,  this  estimation  is  not  so  simple  due 
to  the  presence  of  much  sulphates  and 
other  salts,  an  incandescent  wick  is 
sprinkled  with  pulverized  caliche.  The 
vividness  and  liveliness  of  the  sparkling 
and  exploding  of  the  material  indicate 
its  content  of  niter  to  the  experienced. 
For  a  more  accurate  assay  a  weighed  por- 
tion of  ground  caliche  is  dissolved  in  hot 
water,  strongly  acidulated  with  HiSOi 
and  titrated  with  a  standardized  solution 
of  ferrous  sulphate.  The  solution  is  kept 
hot  during  titration,  and  the  final  reac- 
tion is  indicated  when  a  further  drop  pro- 
duces no  addition  to  the  brown  discolora- 
tion, or  better,  does  not  intensify  the 
color  of  the  solution. 

Mining  by  Contr.act  System 
The  technics  of  the  actual  mining  of 
the  caliche  have  varied  little  if  any  since 
the  beginning  of  the  industry.  This  min- 
ing is  done  by  contract  or  stint.  Where 
layers  are  of  uniform  thickness  the  work- 
ing faces  are  connected  into  a  cut  whose 
direction  depends  on  the  lay  of  the  land. 
In  the  language  of  the  pampa,  this  blast- 
ing of  holes,  connecting  working  pits  into 
long  cuts,  etc.,  constitutes  the  operation 
of  "opening  a  caliche  deposit."  In  open- 
ing this  cut  a  number  of  holes  are  blasted, 
the  valuable  caliche  being  separated  from 
the  waste  which  is  piled  to  one  side.  The 
mining  advances  in  an  irregularly  per- 
pendicular direction  to  the  length  of  the 
cut,  the  drillers  working  ahead  of  those 
who  sort  the  caliche. 

The  blasting  or  mining  holes  are  drilled 
as  are  the  prospecting  holes.  The  bot- 
toms of  these  holes  are  enlarged  (see 
Fig.  2)  in  order  to  have  greater  capacity, 
and  this  enlargement  is  done  by  very 
small  boys  who  are  lowered  to  the  bot- 
tom. The  ordinary  explosive  is  a  powder 
made  locally  of  niter,  carbon  and  sul 
phur.  .\  charge  of  powder  varies  from 
100  lb.  to  300  lb.  The  loosened  caliche 
is  separated,  cleaned  and  piled  for  trans- 
portation to  the  oficina,  or  works.  The 
loss  due  to  the  mixing  of  fines  with  the 
waste  is  given  as  from  15  to  as  high  as 
25  per  cent. 

The  workers  are  paid  by  the  cart-load 
and  as  no  requirement  is  made  as  to 
working  time  or  minimum  daily  area,  it 
often  happens  that  a  working  is  aband- 


oned without  the  separation  of  the  cali- 
che when  the  workman  cannot  see  a  good 
profit.  Other  contractors  will  not  take 
up  an  abandoned  face,  so  that  large  areas 
of  good  ground  are  thus  permanently 
abandoned.  A  workman  extracts  from 
5000  to  10,000  lb.  per  day,  in  the  average 
working. 

A  good,  economical  management  de- 
pends largely  upon  the  judgment  and  the 
practical  and  technical  knowledge  of  the 
manager.  Even  at  the  present  time 
there  are  plants  whose  managers  have  in 
view  only  a  present  profit.  At  these 
plants  only  the  rich  ground  is  being 
opened.  The  poorer  deposits  have  been 
left,  but  as  the  better  portions  become 
exhausted  the  exploitation  of  the  poorer 
becomes  necessary,  though  at  a  greater 
expense  than  would  have  been  the  case 
in  the  first  instance.  Grades  of  material 
as  low  as  18  per  cent,  are  now  perforce 
being  treated. 

The  caliche  is  hauled  to  the  works  in 
two-wheeled  carts  of  4500  lb.  capacity, 
drawn  by  three  mules  hitched  abreast.  A 
second  man  on  muleback  picks  out  the 
best  road  for  the  cart  and  helps  over  the 
bad  spots  with  his  mule.  Industrial  rail- 
ways are  rarely  used  as  the  points  for 
loading  shift  so  rapidly. 

Mining  Costs 

In  the  south  where  the  niter  industry 
is  new,  wages  are  not  so  high  as  in 
Tarapaca,  where  laborers  are  scarce  and 
socialistic  associations  (i.e.  unions)  have 
assisted  in  greatly  raising  wages  during 
the  last  few  years.  Drillers  receive  50c. 
per  hole,  and  the  powder  costs  62c.,  mak- 
ing a  total  cost  of  SI. 12  per  hole. 

As  one  shot  loosens  about  seven  cart- 
loads, the  cost  of  drilling  and  powder  per 
cart-load  of  4500  lb.  is  16c.  The  cost  of 
making  the  pockets  (the  work  done  by 
boys)  in  only  6c.  each.  A  clear,  graphi- 
cal representation  of  the  varying  costs  of 
drilling,  blasting,  sorting  and  transporta- 
tion as  influenced  by  grade,  thickness 
and  locality  of  the  different  strata  is 
given  and  is  more  illuminating  than  many 
pages  of  written  explanation.  When 
ground  is  being  worked  over  a  second 
time  a  cart-load  costs  42c.,  while  a  sim- 
ilar quantity  costs  $3.50  when  obtained 
by  underground  mining. 

Tool  sharpening  averages  4c.  per  cart- 
load. The  cost  of  transportation  by  a 
combination  of  carts  and  industrial  rail- 
ways is  figured  in  detail  based  on  a  daily 
capacity  of  250  tons  and  amounts  to  21c. 
per  ton.  This  cost  is  reduced  one-half  in 
cases  where  the  works  are  near  the  de- 
posits and  no  rail  transportation  is  pro- 
vided. Where  it  is  difficult  to  distinguish 
the  niter  deposits  from  the  sulphates, 
skilled  inspectors  are  required  which  add 
as  much  as  2c.  per  ton  to  the  cost  of  min- 
ing. The  total  average  cost  per  ton  of  the 
caliche  at  the  works,  therefore,  is  as  fol- 
lows: Drilling  and  shooting,  lOc;  sorting, 


20 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July 


1910. 


64c.;  tool  sharpening,  4c.;  haulage,  24c.; 
inspection,  4c.;  total,  SI. 06. 

If  the  caliche  contains  30  per  cent, 
niter  and  an  e.xtraction  of  22  of  these  is 
secured,  the  cost  of  exploitation  is  S4.90 
per  ton  of  niter.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  these  costs,  given  in  U.  S. 
currency,  may  not  be  exact  owing  to  the 
fluctuating  rate  of  exchange  for  the  Chil- 
ean money,  in  which  the  laborers  are 
paid. 

Niter  Extracted  by  Lixiviation 

The  operation  of  extracting  the  niter 
from  the  caliche  consists  essentially  in 
the  lixiviation  of  the  latter  material  at  a 
high  temperature,  in  the  separation  of  the 
insoluble  portion  from  the  solution  ob- 
tained, and  finally  in  the  precipitation  of 
the  dissolved  niter  by  crystallization. 
Although  this  mechanical  process  seems 
easy,  its  realization  on  a  large  scale 
presents  many  difficulties,  the  industrial 
results  depending  upon  the  greater  or 
less  perfection  with  which  these  difficul- 
ties are  overcome.  The  solubility  of 
pure  niter  is  very  different  from  that  of 


but    once.      Of    course    only    the    richest 
beds  could  be  worked  thus. 

The  Humberstone  Method 

In  1853  the  use  of  steam  in  larger 
tanks  was  introduced,  and  in  1880  the 
closed-circuit  coils  of  steam  pipes  were 
introduced  by  Humberstone,  and  this  is, 
with  only  slight  modifications,  the  pro- 
cess used  today.  The  loaded  cars  and 
carts  are  dumped  into  bins  with  inclined 
bottoms  from  which  the  material  is  drawn 
to  the  crushers.  A  Blake  crusher,  with 
a  feed  opening  15  in.  wide  and  with  a 
consumption  of  10  to  12  h.p.,  has  a  ca- 
pacity of  15  tons  per  hour  crushed  to 
fist  size.  The  crushed  caliche  falls  into 
cars  and  is  trammed  to  the  cachuchos  or 
lixiviating  tanks.  These  rectangular 
tanks  are  30x8x8  ft.,  made  of  5^-in.  steel 
and  usually  set  in  series  of  six.  A  false 
bottom  of  perforated  plates  is  set  6  in. 
above  the  real  tank  bottom.  Two  bottom- 
discharge  doors  are  provided  in  each. 
The  tanks  are  supported  on  columns  and 
tracks  run  underneath  for  the  discharg- 
ing  cars.     The    lixiviation    process    con- 


pedite  the  circulation  of  the  solution, 
though  this  can  be  effected  slowly  by 
gravitation. 

Three  sets  of  piping  are  connected  to 
each  tank  to  supply  the  "mother  liquor," 
the  wash  solution  and  water.    A  cycle  of 
operations,  covering  a  series  of  six  tanks 
in   various   stages   of  treatment,   is    de- 
scribed  in   detail   in   the   book.     Briefly, 
this  consists  in  washing  each  new  charge 
of  caliche  with  the  partly  saturated  hot 
solution  from  the  tank  preceding  it.  This 
gives  the  final  saturated  solution  which  is 
run  to  the  settling  tanks  and  thence  to- 
the  crystallizing  tanks.     At  the  other  end 
of  the  series  the  tank  of  material  which 
is  about   ready   for  discharge  is  given  a 
final  wash  with  cold  water.    Varying  tem- 
peratures of  solution  are  therefore  found 
between  the  cold  water  and  the  final  con- 
centrated caldo.    The  higher  the  concen- 
tration  the   purer  the   crystallized   niter 
but  the  last  few  possible  degrees  of  con- 
centration require  prolonged  boiling  and 
it  is  a  question  of  practical  finance  to  de- 
termine the  most  profitable  point  of  satu- 
ration. 


.ij.   Caliche,  tt--.-.<l-.:'-.  -II  .:'T^^-■■ 


Fig.  2  Method  of  Working  and  Ideal  Section  of  Chilean  Niter  Deposit 


Coba  '^ 


the   niter   in   caliche,  where    it   is   mixed 
with  other  salts. 

Chloride  of  sodium,  which  is  always  m 
the  caliche,  exercises  the  greatest  influ- 
ence. While  at  ordinary  temperature 
water  dissolves  85  parts  of  niter,  in  the 
presence  of  chloride  of  sodium  only  53 
parts  are  dissolved  together  with  26  parts 
of  salt.  At  120  deg.  C.  water  dissolves 
220  parts  of  niter  and  its  dissolving 
power  of  for  salt  is  reduced  to  15 
parts.  The  other  salts  play  a  similar 
though  not  so  important  part.  This  is 
the  basic  fact  upon  which  the  method  of 
extraction  rests  and  it  can  be  stated  even 
more  briefly:  In  a  mixture  of  niter  and 
other  salts,  the  solubility  of  the  former 
increases  and  of  the  others  decreases 
with  increasing  heat. 

The  graphical  diagrams.  Fig.  3,  show- 
ing relative  solubilities  of  salts  taken  se- 
parately and  together,  is  worthy  of  care- 
ful study  and  shows  the  influence  of  mix- 
tures on  solubilities.  In  ancient  times  the 
process  consisted  in  boiling  the  caliche 
in  kettles  of  three  to  four  feet  in  diam- 
eter. The  concentrated  liquor  was  de- 
canted and  its  niter  content  crystallized 
out  while  the  residue  was  usually  washed 


sists  in  a  systematic  concentration  of  the 
"lye"  or  "broth,"  taking  advantage  of  the 
fact  that  niter  is  more  soluble  "in  the 
hot"  and  that  the  other  accompanying 
salts  are  less  soluble  "in  the  hot." 

The  tank  content  is  heated  by  six  or 
eight  coils  of  steam  pipe   fed  with  live 
steam  under  pressures  up  to  70  lb.  gage. 
The   heating  of  each  tank  can  be   con- 
trolled individually.  The  condensed  steam 
returns  by  gravity  to  the   boilers.     The 
solution  passes  from  one  tank  to  the  next 
in  series  until  it  is  sufficiently  saturated 
with  niter,  when  it  is  allowed  to  drain  off 
through  a  valve  in  the  side  of  the  tank. 
The  circulation  of  the  solution  from  one 
tank  to   the   next   is   by   means   of  pipes 
extending  from  below  the  false  bottom  to 
near  the  level  of  the  top  of  the  tank.    In 
the  upper  third  of  its  length  this  pipe  is 
connected  to  the  next  tank.    The  solution 
from    any   tank    is   drawn    from    beneath 
the   false  bottom  through  this  pipe   and 
discharged  on  the  surface  of  the  next  in 
series.     These  pipes  or  siphons  are  ar- 
ranged in  diagonally  opposite  corners  so 
that  the  solution  must  flow  the  length  of 
a  tank  before  it  discharges  to  the  next. 
A  centrifugal  pump  is  often  used  to  ex- 


Effecf  of  Temperature  on  the  Process 
The  mother  liquor  does  not  accumulate 
disturbing  quantities  of  foreign  salts  be- 
cause in  the  dissolving  process  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  liquor  for  niter  increases 
with  the  temperature,  while  the  solubility 
of  salt  and  sulphates  diminishes,  so  that 
when  the  niter  content  of  the  caliche  is 
dissolved  the  other  dissolved  salts  crys- 
tallize out  in  the  tanks.  This  action  is 
clearly  seen  in  the  last  tank  from  which 
the  finally  concentrated  solution  flows. 
Each  charge  is  heated  22  hours,  the  final 
wash  requiring  three  hours.  An  hour  is 
required  for  discharging  a  tank.  The  dis- 
charged material  contains  not  less  than 
five  per  cent,  of  the  original  content  of 
niter,  and  often  contains  much  more. 

The  concentrated  solution  is  clarified 
before  being  allowed  to  oool,  since  it  con- 
tains fine  mud  in  suspension.  This  clari- 
fication is  more  important  in  plants  which 
do  not  produce  concentrated  solutions, 
since  while  the  mud  is  settling,  and  due 
to  the  partial  cooling,  part  of  the  salt 
content  crystallizes  out.  For  example,  if 
for  any  reason  the  niter  necessary  for 
saturating  the  hot  solution  is  not  taken 
up,  its  density  at  100  deg.  C.  cannot  reach    , 


July  2,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


21 


107  deg.  T\v.  and  the  liquid  will  be  satu- 
rated with  salt  only. 

Let  us  suppose  that  the  result  is  a  so- 
lution of  102  deg.  Tw.  At  this  density, 
according  to  the  table  or  diagram,  Fig. 
3,  the  temperature  should  be  85  deg.  C. 
The  liquid  contains  then  1314  grams  of 
niter  and  1(56  grams  of  salt  per  liter,  be- 
sides .V  grams  of  salt  which  the  liquid 
dissolves  by  reason  of  the  e.\tra  15  deg. 
of  temperature.  Hence,  if  the  tempera- 
ture lowers  to  85  deg.  C.  niter  cannot 
crystallize  out,  but  the  .r  grams  of  salt 
will  do  so.  If  the  temperature  is  then 
lowered  still  further,  niter  will  crystallize 
but  no  more  salt  will  deposit,  since,  ac- 
cording to  the  diagram,  the  capacity  of    ('aicium   sulphate 0.102 

^  ,      .  •  ,         Insoluble    0.1.38 

the  solution   for  salt  mcreases  mversely       '  -      - 

with  the  temperature. 


the  niter  is  heaped  at  the  high  side  of 
the  tank  to  drain.  From  here  it  is  car- 
ried to  storage  bins  and  sacked  for  ship- 
ment. The  mother  liquor  is  used  over 
again.  The  accompanying  analyses  are 
good  examples  of  average  shipments. 
Formerly  the  niter  w^as  shipped  in  sacks 
of  130  to  140  kilos,  but  a  recent  "hy- 
gienic" government  regulation  has  re- 
duced the  maximum  to  100  kilos. 

ANALVSIiS  OF   NITEK  SHIPMENTS. 

Per  cent. 

Nitrate   of   sodium 94.164 

Nitrate  of  potassium 1.703 

Chloride    of    sodium 0.933 

lodate    of    sodium 0.010 

I'erchlorate    of    potassium  0.2S2 

Suphate   of   magnesium...  0.219 

Clilorldo   of  magnesium...  0.289 


Moisture     2.100 

100.000 


Per  cent. 
94.245 
1.249 
I.ISO 
0.017 
0.2.39 
0.303 
0.342 
0.041 
0.174 
2.210 

100.000 


20 

1» 

18 

17 

16 

15 

S  14 

I  13 

t  12 

^11 

■Sio 


-3 
J 

O 


li 

7 

i                  t 

r 

1 

t 

I 

?t 

J- 

t 

t 

^        t 

/ 

3?- 

> 

/\ 

/ 

/ 

■^   I 

0    JO  20    30  40    50   CO    70   SO    90  100 

Degrees  C. 

Solubility  of  Perchloratc  of  Potassium. 


250 

240 

230 

220 

210 

200 

190 

ISO 

170 

«    160 

^    150 

S    HO 
p. 

"    130 
a 
120 

110 

100 

90 

SO 

70 

60 

60 

40 

30 

20 

10 

C 


•s 


Q 


~1 

1 

^ 

/ 

1/ 

i 

y 

^/ 

'/ 

/ 

*-/ 

*/ 

/ 

/  ^ 

[f 

£J 

7 

"^ij 

/ 

y 

/ 

y 

y 

/ 

^ 

/ 

1 

/ 

1 

a 

'Jifo 

/ 

ulp 

latc 

^ 

~7 

■y 

~ci 

Ion 

sTl 

I  Sc 

dtu 

1 

// 

' 

/. 

y 

/ 

10   20   30    40    50   60   70    80   90  100  110 120 130 
Degrees  C. 
Solubility  of  Sodium  Sulphate,  Chloride  of 
Sodium,    Nitrate  of  Sodium     and    Nitrate 
of  Potassium  coQsidered  Separately. 


ing  20  per  cent,  caliche,  is  S4.10  per  ton 
of  niter.  A  minimum  cost,  treating  32 
per  cent,  caliche,  is  S2.12  per  ton. 

Iodine,  which  is  a  by-product  and 
which  is  in  the  solution  as  NalO:,  is  pre- 
cipitated from  the  cooled  mother  liquor 
by  adding  an  excess  of  bisulphate  of  so- 
dium until  a  standard  brown  color  is 
produced,  and  by  then  adding  about  one- 
quarter  the  volume  of  liquor.  This  is  a 
rather  delicate  reaction  since  with  too 
much  liquor  the  precipitation  is  incom- 
plete, and  with  too  much  bisulphate  pre- 
cipitation goes  on  in  the  leaching  tanks 
after  the  liquor  is  again  in  circulation. 
The  precipitate,  containing  70  to  75  per 
cent,  of  iodine  is  pressed,  dried  and  re- 
torted, the  condensed  iodine  being  re- 
markably pure,  approximating  99.6  fine. 

250 
240 
230 
220 

210 
200 
190 
180 
170 
160 
150 
140 
130 
120 
110 
100 

90 

SO 

70 

CO 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

0    10   20  30   40   50    00   70    SO  90  100110  120130 
Degrees  C. 

Reciprocal  IntlucDCe  of  the  Solubilities  of 
Chloride  of  Sodium  aod  Nitrate  of  Sodium. 

74c  Ent/iiKii-ing  ^  Mining  Jvurt%al 


1 

/ 

1 

// 

i 

/ 

f^ 

/ 

/ 

t 

f/ 

f 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

' 

/ 

^ 

""^ 

^ 

h\o 

ldj_ 

~ 

FiG.  3  Solubilities  of  Salts  Concerned  in  Extraction  of  Niter 


This  necessity  for  a  slight  cooling  of 
the  non-saturated  solution  has  given  the 
name  "coolers"  to  the  settling  tanks. 
One  works  manager  tried  to  omit  the  use 
of  these  tanks,  but  the  niter  produced 
contained  so  much  salt,  even  after  sprink- 
ling with  water  and  draining,  that  the 
coolers  were  required  after  all.  The  fact 
that  the  settled  mud  contains  about  50 
per  cent,  of  salt  shows  the  importance 
of  this  preliminary  cooling. 

Losses  and  Manufacturing  Costs 

The  crystallizing  of  the  niter  is  carried 
on  in  tanks  15x15  ft.  They  are  33  in. 
4eep  and  set  on  a  slight  incline.  The 
•concentrated  solution  stands  five  days  in 
<hese  tanks,  when   it   is  withdrawn   and 


Taking  all  treatment  losses  together, 
such  as  that  in  the  mud  of  the  coolers, 
by  leakage,  in  the  residue  and  in  dusting 
at  the  breakers,  the  total  is  about  eight 
of  the  contained  per  cent,  of  the  niter  in 
the  caliche.  For  example,  a  40  per  cent. 
caliche  is  figured  as  having  32  per  cent, 
available  so  that  this  eight  per  cent,  is 
really  20  per  cent,  of  the  actual  content. 
To  this  should  be  added  the  15  per  cent, 
lost  in  mining.  The  consumption  of  coal 
varies  from  200  to  1000  lb.  per  ton  of 
niter  produced.  An  average  of  400  lb. 
per  ton  of  nitrate  is  given.  The  book 
attempts  to  give  an  idea  of  the  cost  of 
manufacturing  the  niter,  but  with  such 
widely  varying  conditions  no  average  can 
fairly  be  stated.    A  maximum  cost,  treat- 


The  cost  of  production  is  2.5c.  and  the 
selling  price  in  Europe  is  1 1. 5c.  per  ounce. 
Perchlorate  of  potassium,  common  salt 
and  soda  can  be  considered  only  as  im- 
purities and  have  no  commercial  value  on 
the  pampa.  Bisulphate  of  soda,  used  in 
precipitating  iodine,  is  prepared  by  pass- 
ing sulphurous  acid  through  soda  solu- 
tion. Lime,  used  in  purifying  water  for 
boiler  and  drinking  purposes,  is  burned  in 
the  central  region  of  Tarapaca. 

Process  Could  Be  Improved 

Referring  to  the  imperfections  of  the 
process,  the  book  states  that  theoretically 
the  concentration  of  the  solution  should 
be  carried  to  the  limit  before  crystalliz- 
ing out  the  niter,  but  that  1 10  deg.  Tw. 


22 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


is  the  practical  limit,  and  even  this  point 
is  attained,  when  treating  low-grade  ca- 
liche, with  an  unwarranted  and  uneco- 
nomical consumption  of  fuel.  It  would 
appear  logical  to  leach  the  caliche  in 
agitators,  but  the  nature  of  the  raw  ma- 
terial does  not  permit  this  as  it  contains 
a  large  proportion  of  fine  material  which, 
when  agitated,  forms  a  mud  which  leaches 
and  washes  with  difficulty.  (The  modern 
vacuum  filter  has  evidently  not  been 
seen  in  Chile.)  The  present  process 
with  all  its  advantages  leaves  much  to  be 
desired.  The  steam  pipes  in  the  leaching 
tanks  are  much  in  the  way  and  greatly 
increase  what  would,  without  them,  be  the 
cost  of  discharging  the  tanks. 

The  high  cost  of  water  and  of  coal  on 
the  pampa  has  resulted  in  many  attempts 
at  improvements  in  the  process  to  save 
heat  and  water  by  operating  with  closed 
tanks,  but  the  difficulty  of  filling  and 
emptying  such  tanks  has  been  prohibitive. 
Nordenflycht  is  quoted  to  the  effect  that 
about  265  lb.  of  coal  are  wasted  in  eva- 
porating water  in  the  final  five  hours  of 
heating  of  each  charge.  This  does  not 
take  into  account  the  heat  lost  during 
the  other  17  hours  of  treatment. 

Too  Much  Niter  in  Residues 

The  principal  problem  in  the  improve- 
ment of  the  process  is  to  secure  a  resi- 
due really  poor  in  nitrate.  During  the 
last  ten  years  the  actual  content  has  been 
14  per  cent.,  though  managers  quote  5 
per  cent.  The  reason  for  this  incomplete 
extraction  is  that  the  lumps  of  caliche 
are  imperfectly  leached.  Considerable 
quantities  of  saturated  solution,  also,  are 
locked  up  in  the  lumps  and  are  not 
washed  out  before  the  latter  are  dis- 
charged. It  is  a  fact  that  to  date  the  ef- 
forts for  complete  treatment  of  the  ca- 
liche have  been  overshadowed  by  en- 
deavors to  show  low  treatment  cost.  Only 
one  works,  treating  very  low-grade  ca- 
liche, now  successfully  crushes  by  the 
American  method,  thus  obtaining  a  pro- 
duct finer  than  the  ordinary. 

In  spite  of  the  fact  that  from  year  to 
year  it  becomes  more  necessary  to  ef- 
fect a  better  saving  and  that  the  greater 
cost  of  a  more  nearly  perfect  leaching  ob- 
tained by  using  weaker  solutions  would 
be  offset  by  the  higher  extraction,  none 
of  the  evaporation  processes  of  other  in- 
dustries have  been  introduced.  By  the 
present  method  a  large  amount  of  heat 
is  lost  in  the  tailing.  Although  the  resi- 
due is  given  a  final  wash  with  cold  wa- 
ter, nevertheless  It  reaches  the  waste  heap 
at  a  relatively  high  temperature.  For 
this  reason  It  has  seemed  feasible  (though 
without  practical  result  to  date)  to  leach 
the  caliche  cold  and  finish  the  treatment 
at  the  coast.  The  solution  resulting  from 
such  cold  leaching  would  be  weaker  but 
the  extraction  would  be  better,  and  as  dis- 
tilled wafer  can  be  sold  to  advantage  at 
the  ports  the  solution  could  be  evapor- 
ated.   A  careful  study  shows  that  the  cost 


of  the  cold  treatment  would  be  less  than 
that  of  the  present  method. 

Labor-saving  devices  are  not  economi- 
cal installations  on  the  pampa  on  account 
of  the  cost  of  fuel  and  because  on  the 
desert  complicated  machines  are  likely 
to  give  rise  to  detrimental  interruptions  in 
the  works  operation.  But  as  each  day 
sees  the  labor  become  more  scarce-  it 
cannot  be  doubted,  for  example,  that  con- 
veyer belts  for  filling  the  tanks  could 
advantageously  replace  manual  labor. 

Earthquakes  Limit  Construction 

The  choice  of  a  site,  depending  on 
transportation  facilities,  nature  of  sub- 
soil, topography,  etc.,  is  discussed  in  de- 
tail. The  frequency  of  earthquakes  has 
made  inadvisable  the  erection  of  any  but 
one-story  cement  buildings.  The  tanks 
are  made  of  10-mm.  (J^-in.)  steel  plate. 
The  steam  engines,  crushers,  pumps  and 
electrical  machinery  are  almost  exclu- 
sively English  and  American.  The  boil- 
ers are  of  the  large  Cornwall  type,  many 
being  of  German  manufacture.  A  steam 
pressure  of  five  atmospheres  is  used  in 
heating  the  caliche,  while  ten  atmospheres 
pressure  Is  employed  in  the  steam  en- 
gines. One  works,  the  Santa  Fe,  is  oper- 
ated by  electric  power  from  the  Loa  river. 

The  provision  of  water  for  domestic 
and  works  use  has  resulted  in  a  net- 
work of  pipe  lines  from  the  foothills  of 
the  Andes  and  from  various  wells  In  the 
desert.  The  minimum  loss  and  cost  of 
water  per  ton  of  niter  produced  Is  given 
as  250  gal.,  worth  13c.  The  wells,  which 
supply  a  part  of  the  water,  give  a  product 
which  always  contains  more  or  less  of 
various  salts  in  solution.  Well  water  is 
used  on  the  works  and  part  of  it  is  par- 
tially purified  and  diluted  with  distilled 
or  mountain  water  for  the  use  of  the 
animals.  The  cost  of  constructing  the 
pipe  lines  of  the  Santa  Lucia  works  ex- 
ceeded $300,000,  and  the  resulting  cost 
is  18c.  per  ton  of  water.  The  railway 
company  sells  water  to  the  works  for  25c. 
per  ton,  or  $1  per  1000  gallons. 

The  mules,  of  which  a  large  number 
are  used,  are  from  the  Argentine  and  for- 
age is  obtained  from  southern  Chile. 
The  various  works  run  company  stores 
and  charge  prices  which  afford  a  profit 
of  30  to  50  per  cent.  (This  statement  is 
modified  by  a  footnote  of  later  date  to 
the  effect  that  the  companies  now  sell 
at  cost.) 

Cost  Factors 

The  various  items  which  go  to  make 
up  the  maximum  and  minimum  cost  of  a 
ton  of  niter  on  the  shipping  platfonn,  less 
the  profit  of  the  company  stores  and  not 
including  cost  of  sacking,  amortization 
or  Interest  on  capital  invested,  are  re- 
viewed, the  totals  being  $17  and  $4  re- 
spectively. (Again  a  footnote  modifies 
these  figures  by  calling  attention  to  a 
raise  of  30  per  cent.  In  salaries,  of  20 
per  cent,  in  wages,  of  20  per  cent.  In  cost 


of  materials,  of  30  per  cent.  In  cost  of 
coal  and  of  70  per  cent.  In  cost  of  forage. 
An  average  is  therefore  struck  at  $12  per 
ton  of  niter.)  To  this  must  be  added  the 
export  duty,  the  main  source  of  revenue 
of  the  Chilean  government,  which  is  now 
$1 1  per  ton  of  niter.  An  attempt  is  made 
to  estimate  the  cost  of  a  complete  plant. 
The  cost  of  a  complete  plant  is  $750,000, 
on  a  basis  of  a  production  of  5000  tons 
of  niter  per  month  from  32  per  cent. 
caliche. 

Combinations   Raised  Price 

The  third  part  of  the  book  is  devoted 
to  the  economic  and  legal  conditions  of 
the  industry  and  explains  the  various 
titles  under  which  the  land  is  held,  the 
history  of  the  acquisition  of  the  territory 
from  el  Peru,  the  variations  in  exchange, 
banking,  foreign  debt  and  selling  prices, 
the  attempt  of  the  government  to  make 
the  Industry  a  federal  monopoly,  the  his- 
tory of  various  companies  and  combines, 
and  the  outlook  for  the  industry,  all  of 
which  make  interesting  reading  but  are 
of  no  present  value. 

The  assaying  of  caliche  for  niter,  and 
of  mother  liquor  for  iodine  is  given  in 
full.  The  legislation  and  judicial  de- 
cisions bearing  on  this  Industry  are  ably 
and  interestingly  set  forth.  Tables  are 
given  covering  the  annual  production 
since  the  beginning,  covering  variations  in 
freight  rates  and  giving  details  of  owners 
and  companies.  The  terms  of  the  various 
combinations  of  producers  (there  were 
seven  of  these  combinations)  are  given 
in  full  and  are  interesting.  Invariably 
the  combinations  raised  the  price  of  the 
niter,  and  invariably  the  price  broke  badly 
with  the  breaking  of  the  combine. 

A  review  of  the  synthetic  methods  of 
producing  nitrogen  compounds  is  of  par- 
ticular Interest  to  niter  producers.  Many 
authorities  are  quoted  and  the  conclusion 
arrived  at  Is  that  synthetic  nitrates  will 
not  enter  into  competition  with  Chilean 
niter. 

The  book  ends  with  a  complete  bibli- 
ography of  the  industry  and  a  sectional 
map  of  the  west  coast  of  South  America 
from  La  Quebrada  de  Camarones  to  and 
Including  the  district  of  Taltal.  In  con- 
clusion it  may  be  noted  that  the  Bull,  of 
the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburg,  March, 
1909,  gives  a  list  of  65  articles  and  books 
which  touch  upon  this  subject. 


4 


The  California  Court  of  Appeals  has 
handed  down  a  decision  to  the  effect  that 
an  electric-power  company  has  a  right 
of  condemnation  of  land  for  the  purpose 
of  erecting  towers  and  stringing  wires 
between  them  to  furnish  electricity  for 
power  puropses.  The  court  also  holds 
that  the  choice  of  route  lies  with  the 
power  company  so  long  as  it  is  shown 
to  be  acting  on  good  faith,  and  that  the 
landowner  cannot  object  if  the  power 
company  selects  any  particular  location 
for  its  line. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


23 


Data  on  Mortality  and  Morbidity  of  Miners — II 

Experience  Shows  That  High    Accident  and  Disease  LiabiUty  Makes 
Sickness    Assurance  for    Miners  Feasible  Only  at    an    Increased    Cost 

BY     FREDERICK     L.     HOFFMAN* 


In  commenting  upon  the  sickness  ex- 
perience in  selected  occupation  groups,  it 
is  pointed  out  by  the  Manchester 
Unity  that  "the  accident  risl<  is  believed 
to  constitute  a  serious  portion  of  the  lia- 
bility but  probably  does  not  wholly  ac- 
count for  the  extraordinary  excess  of 
claims  which  the  inquiry  reveals."  They 
therefore  considered  the  mining  group 
separate  and  apart  from  all  the  others, 
holding  that  it  would  be  impossible  to 
enforce  the  necessary  amount  of  extra 
payments  to  place  the  mining  lodges  upon 
a  sound  and  solvent  basis.  For  this  rea- 
son they  refrained  from  calculating  spe- 
cial monetary  tables  useful  for  the  pur- 
pose, since  it  was  obvious  that  whatever 
recommendations   might   be   made   could 


ness  among  miners.  The  actual  and  rela- 
tive differences  diminish  in  old  age, 
due  to  the  universal  tendency  in  all 
friendly  societies  to  convert  a  sickness 
liability  more  or  less  into  a  superannua- 
tion benefit. 

Mining  Lodges  in  Dancer  of  Financial 
Disaster 

The  foregoing  data  are  derived  from 
the  experience  of  the  Manchester  Unity, 
representing  the  society's  experience  for 
the  period,  1893-97'.  The  results  have 
since  been  fully  confirmed  by  the  Eighth 
Valuation  of  the  Assets  and  Liabilities  of 
the  Lodges  and  Districts,  made  by  Alfred 
W.  Watson  and  Samuel  Watson,  actu- 
aries to  the  Unity,  published  in  .1909.    In 


table  VHI.     MANCHESTER  UNITY— I.  O.  O.  F.  EXPERIENCE— 1893-97. 
(Number  of  Members  Sick  in  a  Yeah  among  100  Members  Exposed  to  Risk.) 


Ages. 

Whole 
Society. 

Agricultural 
and  General. 

Miners. 

Actual  Ex-' 
cess  of  ^ 

Miners  over 
Agricultural 
and  General. 

16-19                               

28.66 
24.45 
23.49 
23.62 
24.08 
25.48 
27  06 
29.51 
33.70 
39.81 
49.21 
60.60 
73.18 
85.15 
94.01 

26.02 
22.45 
21.37 
21.51 
21.81 
23.27 
24.80 
27.35 
31.57 
37.56 
47.44 
59  02 
71.99 
84.28 
93.48 

41.42 
38.15 
38.61 
39.09 
39.78 
41.67 
44. 57 
47.46 
51.47 
59.34 
68.17 
77.82 
87.10 
98.02 
86.36 

15  40 

20-24      

15  70 

2,'>-29        

17  24 

30-34 

17  58 

35-39      

17  97 

40-44      

18  40 

45-49      

19  77 

50-54      .- 

20  11 

55-59      . .            .           

19  90 

60-64      

21  78 

65-69      

20.73 

70-74      

IS  80 

75-79      

15  11 

80-84      

13  74 

— 7   12 

not  be  enforced  by  the  society  on  account 
of  the  great  increase  in  contributions.  A 
material  reduction  in  benefits  for  the 
same  contribution  would,  therefore,  be  the 
only  alternative  except  in  so  far  as  re- 
lief has  been  furnished  by  the  workmen's 
compensation  acts. 

Since  information  of  this  kind  is  prac- 
tically unavailable  to  the  general  reader 
I  include  Table  VIII  showing  the  specific 
amount  of  sickness  per  annum,  or  the 
number  of  members  sick  in  a  year  among 
100  members  exposed  to  risk;  first,  for 
the  whole  society,  second,  for  the  agri- 
cultural and  general  section;  third,  for- 
mining;  and  fourth,  the  actual  excess  of 
sickness  among  miners  over  the  agricul- 
tural and  general  labor  classes. 

This  table  shows  that  at  ages  from  16 
to  19  inclusive,  among  equal  numbers 
there  will  be,  in  round  figures,  26  weeks 
of  sickness  per  annum  among  100  mem- 
bers of  the  agricultural  and  general  la- 
bor classes,  against  41'/.   weeks  of  sick- 


•Statlstlclan,     Prudential 
pany,  Newark,  N.  J. 


Insurance    Com- 


this  report  are  some  very  interesting  and 
important  observations  upon  the  experi- 
ence of  the  mining  lodges  which  fore- 
shadow financial  disaster  to  many  of  them 
unless  radical  measures  are  adopted  to 
bring  about  the  necessary  degree  of  ac- 
tuarial solvency. 

Even  at  the  present  rates,  which  have 
been  demonstrated  to  be  altogether  insuf- 
ficient, it  has  been  found  impossible  to 
carry  forward  the  work  of  some  of  the 
mining  societies,  which  are,  therefore, 
gradually  losing  in  membership  and 
which  no  doubt  in  course  of  time  will  be 
dissolved.  The  qualified  advice  which  has 
been  given  to  most  of  the  societies  by  the 
actuaries  of  the  order  has  been  almost 
universally  rejected  in  much  the  same 
manner  as  fraternal  societies  in  the 
United  States  continue  to  operate  upon 
erroneous  or  inadequate  tables  of  mor- 


'An  account  nf  the  Investigation  of  the 
sickness  and  mortality  experience  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  Manchester  Unity  during  the  five 
vears  1893-97.  by  Alfred  W.  Watson.  F.  I.  A., 
F.  S.  S.  London  :  Charles  and  Edwin  t.avton, 
1003. 


tality  or  in  utter  disregard  of  the  lessons 
of  past  experience. 

Only  Sickness  Assurance  Feasible 

The  Eighth  Valuation  of  the  Manchester 
Unity  brought  out  the  fact  that  the  per- 
centage of  actual  to  every  100  cases  of 
expected-sickness  cost  was  125  for  va- 
rious hazardous  occupations,  140  for  men 
employed  chiefly  in  iron  and  steel  works, 
152  for  men  employed  chiefly  in  quarry 
work,  and  159  for  men  employed  chiefly 
in  mining.  Since  the  excesses  in  the 
mortality  and  sickness  of  miners  is  almost 
entirely  the  result  of  an  enhanced  acci- 
dent liability  it  has  been  suggested  as  the 
only  alternative  "to  expunge  the  accident 
benefit  from  the  rules  and  to  insist  upon 
the  concentration  of  the  resources  of  the 
lodges  .  .  .  upon  the  sickness  assur- 
ance, the  preservation  of  which,  of  the 
two,  is  undoubtedly  the  more  necessary 
to  the  member." 

It  has  been  pointed  out  in  this  con- 
nection in  the  report  on  the  eighth  valua- 
tion that: 

"It  has  been  repeatedly  stated  that  the 
claims  for  accidents  were  greatly  in- 
creased by  the  first  Workmen's  Compen- 
sation Act,  and  have  been  further  aug- 
mented by  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of 
1906  with  reference  to  the  period,  dating 
from  the  beginning  of  incapacity,  as  at 
which  the  liability  of  the  employer  be- 
gins. It  has  also  been  asserted  that  the 
acts  have  operated  prejudicially  in  respect 
to  the  ordinary  sickness  benefits  in  hav- 
ing rendered  aged  and  infirm  workmen 
less  eligible  for  employment.  We  do  not 
doubt  that  these  arguments  have  founda- 
tion in  fact,  but  we  have  never  resorted 
to  them  in  our  consideration  of  this  sub- 
ject. From  the  actuarial  point  of  view 
the  case  is  absolutely  established  by  the 
results  obtained  in  connection  with  the 
experience  investigation." 

Increased  Accident  Liability  Due   to 
Compensation  Act 

In  other  words,  it  is  admitted  that  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Act  has  re- 
sulted in  a  material  increase  in  liability 
resulting  from  accidents  since  1897,  con- 
firming in  this  respect  the  impartial  and 
thoroughly  qualified  conclusion  of  Sir 
Thomas  Oliver,  who  for  many  years  has 
lived  in  the  heart  of  the  Northumberland 
and  Durham  coalfields. 

In  reply  to  the  suggestion  that  a  spe- 
cial fable  of  contributions  should  be  sub- 
mitted in  which  no  provision  should  be 
made  for  an  accident  liability  in  the  case 
of  coal  miners,  the  actuaries  of  the  so- 


24 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


ciety  have  to  say  that,  "while  the  pres- 
ent hazardous  occupation  tables  do  not 
provide  for  anything  approaching  the 
claims  of  the  present  day,  we  believe  that 
they  would  approximate  to  sufficiency  for 
mining  lodges  if  the  accident  benefit  were 
eliminated." 

Must  Consider  Abnormal  Accident 
Liability  of  Miners 

They  state  further:  "We  do  not  think, 
however,  that  they  would  be  found 
more  than  necessary  in  those  circum- 
stances. It  must  not  be  supposed  that  the 
liability  in  respect  of  a  miner,  iron  smel- 
ter, chemical  worker,  or  railwayman  is 
equivalent  to  that  in  respect  of  an  agri- 
cultural laborer,  a  clerk,  or  a  tradesman. 
so  soon  as  the  occupational  accident  ben- 
efit is  abolished.  Such  occupations  as 
those  first  named  are  followed  under  ex- 
acting conditions  as  to  physical  fitness, 
and  ailments  which  in  the  case  of  mem- 
bers following  light  occupations  would  be 
regarded  as  unimportant,  will  operate  as 
effectually  as  a  serious  illness  in  keeping 


New  South  Wales  in  1904,  10,648  were 
gold  miners,  7071  were  silver  and  lead 
miners,  2745  were  tin  miners,  1850  were 
copper  miners,  14,146  were  coal  and 
shale  ir.iners,  and  1377  were  miners  of 
miscellaneous  minerals.  Only  a  portion 
of  these  miners  are,  of  course,  members 
of  registered  friendly  societies  included 
within  the  valuation  for  the  period  pre- 
viously referred  to.  It  is  further  to  be 
taken  into  consideration  that  the  rate  of 
mortality  of  friendly  societies'  members 
in  New  South  Wales  is  quite  favorable 
during  the  entire  working  period  of  life; 
and  the  same  is  true  of  the  morbidity, 
which  has  even  been  below  that  for  the 
corresponding  period  in  New  Zealand, 
which  is  one  of  the  most  healthful  coun- 
tries in  the  world. 

Sickness  Rate  in  New  South  Wales 

Referring  to  hazardous  occupations, 
however,  it  is  pointed  out  that  "the  only 
well  defined  class  of  occupations  carry- 
ing a  heavy  sickness  risk,  the  experi- 
ence of  whose  members  is  readily  deduc- 


COMPARATIVE    MORBIDITY    OF    MININC    AND    NON-MINING    MEMBER.S 
OF  FRIENDLY  SOCIETIES  IN  NEW  SOfTH  WALES,  1900-04.      . 


TABLE    IX. 


.\CTU.^L  SlCKXESS  PeR  CeNT. 

OF  Expected. 

Mining  Rate 

Age-group. 

All 
Members. 

.Von-mining 
Members. 

Mining 
Member.*. 

Per  Gent,  of 

Non-mining 

Rate. 

16  90                                                  

153 
100 
83 
81 
82 
84 
81 
83 
98 

138 
96 

82 
78 
79 
80 
76 
79 
94 

196 
126 
105 
103 
102 
112 
112 
110 
125 

142 

21  23                                              

131 

26  30                                                  

12S 

132 

36—40                                          

129 

140 

147 

139 

133 

8S 

S3 

114 

139 

say  a  miner  or  railway  engine  driver  from 
his  accustomed  w-ork.  The  calling  of  a 
miner,  apart  from  the  accident  risk,  may 
be  as  healthy  as  that  of  an  agricultural 
laborer  from  a  medical  point  of  view,  but 
emphatically  it  is  not  so  as  regards  the 
risk  of  inability  to  follow  his  customary 
occupation;  much  misunderstanding  will 
be  avoided  if  this  be  kept  constantly  in 
view." 

Excessive  Disease  Liability  of  Miners 

It  mav  seriously  be  questioned  whether 
even  from  a  medical  point  of  view,  under 
the  most  favorable  conditions,  the  call- 
ing of  a  miner  can  ever  be  as  healthful 
as  that  of  an  agricultural  laborer  living 
under  similar  social  and  sanitary  condi- 
tions. All  of  the  really  trustworthy  evi- 
dence on  the  subject  is  entirely  conclu- 
sive that  the  calling  of  a  miner,  aside 
from  the  accident  risk,  is  more  or  less 
detrimental  to  health,  and  this  view  is 
fully  sustained  by  the  first  valuation  of 
the  friendly  societies  of  the  State  of  New 
South  Wales  for  the  period   1900-04. 

Since  the  disease  liability  of  miners 
varies  with  the  mineral  or  metal  mined, 
It  requires  to  be  taken  into  consideration 
that  of  the  37,837  miners  employed   in 


ible,  is  that  of  the  mining  section  of  the 
community."  This  statement  is  fully  sus- 
tained by  Table  IX.  which  exhibits  the 
actual  sickness  per  cent,  expected;  first, 
for  all  members;  second,  for  non-mining 
members;  third,  for  mining  members; 
and  fourth,  the  excess  per  cent,  of  the 
mining  rate  over  the  non-mining  rate. 

It  is  brought  out  by  this  comparison  that 
at  all  ages  16-60,  the  sickness  rate  among 
the  mining  members  in  New  South  Wales 
exceeded  the  sickness  rate  of  non-mining 
members  by  39  per  cent.  The  rate  was 
highest  at  ages  46-50,  but  the  numbers 
are  probably  too  small  to  warrant  en- 
tirely safe  conclusions  for  specific  peri- 
ods of  life.  It  is  to  be  observed  that 
while  the  sickness  rate  of  non-mining 
members  was  in  excess  of  the  expected 
only  at  the  youngest  age  period,  16.-20,  the 
sickness  rate  for  mining  members  was  in 
excess  of  the  expected  at  every  period  of 
life.  This  experience  for  New  South 
Wales  thus  fully  confirms  the  corre- 
sponding experience  for  the  Manchester 
Unity  of  England. 

The  serious  significance  of  these  differ- 
ences from  a  financial  point  of  view  in 
the  safe  administration  of  miners'  insur- 
ance funds  is  precisely  stated  in  the  re- 


port as  follows:  "The  fourth  column 
of  Table  IX  shows  for  each  age  group 
the  advance  in  rate  of  the  mining  section 
over  the  non-mining  section;  and  viewing 
the  effect  of  the  sickness  of  mining  mem- 
bers as  a  whole,  we  arrive  at  the  con- 
clusion that,  unit  for  unit  of  membership, 
a  miner  causes  39  per  cent,  more  ex- 
penditure for  sick  pay  than  a  non-miner. 
This,  in  effect,  means  a  sickness  cost  of 
27s.  lOd.  for  every  £1  ($6.77  against 
S4.86),  as  between  the  miner  and  the 
non-miner,  and  clearly  proves  that  the  ex- 
tra risk  incurred  in  accepting  a  miner 
into  membership  justifies  a  very  appre- 
ciable loading  up  of  his  periodic  contribu- 
tions in  respect  of  his  sickness  benefit." 

Percentage  of  Sickness  for  Miners 
Above  Normal 

Even  more  significant  are  the  results 
for  particular  lodges  with  a  considerable 
membership  of  miners.  Thus,  in  the  ex- 
perience of  the  Grand  United  Order  of 
Oddfellows,  Friendly  Society  of  New 
South  Wales,  the  excess  in  the  sickness 
of  miners  over  non-miners  was  50  per 
cent,  for  all  ages,  and  as  high  as  88  per 
cent  at  ages  from  61  to  65,  and  157  per 
cent,  at  ages  66  .to  70  inclusive.  While 
the  actual  sickness  of  non-mining  mem- 
bers was  only  74  per  cent,  of  the  ex- 
pected, the  actual  sickness  of  mining 
members  was  1 1 1  per  cent.  The  result 
of  this  experience  may  be  summarized 
in  the  statement  that  where  a  week's 
sickness  is  suflered  by  an  ordinary  mem- 
ber, a  miner,  on  the  average,  suffers  in- 
validity or  incapacity  for  work  for  a  pe- 
riod of  10  days. 

Experience  of  NE^x'  South   Wales 
I.O.O.F. 

Almost  identical  has  been  the  experi- 
ence of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd- 
fellows, of  New  South  Wales,  and  in 
commenting  upon  the  results  of  the  sick- 
ness investigation,  it  is  pointed  out  that: 

"A  clear  idea  of  the  contrast  be- 
tween the  two  classes  is  gained  when  we 
express  the  mining  rate  in  terms  of  the 
non-mining   rate     .  .     from   which   it 

appears  that  the  miners'  sickness  is  high- 
er by  9  to  67  per  cent,  in  the  several 
ages  than  that  of  non-miners;  or  in  other 
words,  the  miners  suffer  an  intensity  of 
sickness  rising  as  high  as  two-thirds 
above  that  of  the  non-miners.  The  iso- 
lated case  in  the  table  where  the  miners 
show  a  lower  rate,  viz.,  in  age  group 
36-40,  serves  only  to  accentuate  the  facts 
to  which  I  call  attention.  It  must,  there- 
fore, be  obvious  that  the  presence  of  the 
mining  class  in  any  considerable  propor- 
tion on  the  rolls  of  a  friendly  society  will 
have  an  adverse  effect,  to  a  pronounced 
degree,  on  the  sick  list,  and  consequently 
upon  the  resources  of  the  society,  and 
will  greatly  increase  the  difficulty  of  at- 
taining and  retaining  a  solvent  condition. 
As  a  rough  example  of  this  effect,  if  the 
miners'  sickness  on   the  whole   be  one- 


July  2,  I9I0. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


25 


third  more  than  that  of  non-niiners,  then 
we  find  that  a  society  consisting  entire- 
ly of  miners,  say  3000  strong  in  mem- 
bership, would  incur  the  same  cost  per 
annum  for  sick  pay  which  a  society  of 
non-miners  4000  strong  would  have  to 
meet  during  the  same  time,  although,  on 
the  average,  it  would  only  receive  three- 
quarters  of  the  amount  of  revenue  re- 
ceivable by  the  second  society.  Com- 
ment on  such  a  position  is  quite  unne- 
cessary." 

^Proposal  to  Refuse  Mining  Claims 

The  foregoing  e.vperience  was  further 
confirmed  by  that  of  the  Independent  Or- 
der of  Rechabites.  In  the  experience  of 
this  order,  "in  every  age  group  the  mining 
rate  is  in  glaring  contrast  to  the  non- 
mining  rate,"  and  the  range  in  the  excess 
in  the  amount  of  sickness  was  from  21 
to  76  per  cent.;  or,  in  other  words,  the 
miners  sufJ'ered  approximately  from  one- 
quarter  to  three-quarters  as  much  sick- 
ness as  the  non-mining  classes.  As  the 
result  of  this  experience,  it  was  sug- 
gested that  the  society  should  refuse  to 
entertain  claims  for  sick  pay  arising  out 
of  accidents  in  a  mining  occupation — a 
proposition  considered  to  be  feasible  on 
account  of  the  institution  of  the  Miners' 
Accident  Relief  Fund  in  New  South 
Wales. 

All  Data  Point  to  Same  Conclusion 
Without  enlarging  too  much  upon  the 
details  of  the  New  South  Wales  sickness 
experience,  the  following  reference  to  the 
experience  of  the  Manchester  Unity,  In- 
dependent Order  of  Oddfellows  Friendly 
Society,  in  New  South  Wales,  is  included 
as  particularly  significant  and  quite  con- 
clusive to  sustain  the  point  of  view  that 
every  qualified  investigation  into  the 
facts  sustains  the  conclusion  that  miners 
as  a  class  are  decidedly  subject  to  a 
higher  sickness  rate,  whether  arising  out 
'of  sickness  per  se,  or  as  the  result  of 
accident,  than  the  non-mining  class.  It  is 
pointed  out  in  connection  with  this  ex- 
perience, w'hich  has  particular  reference 
to  the  Newcastle  and  Barrier  districts, 
that  the  mining  membership  of  the  so- 
ciety included  11.2,S  per  cent.,  of  the  to- 
tal membership;  and  the  tabular  analysis 
of  the  experience  shows  a  decided  ex- 
cess in  the  amount  of  sickness  among 
miners  over  the  corresponding  amount  of 
sickness  among  the  non-mining  members. 

Opinion   of   Society 

Upon  the  basis  of  this  experience,  It 
is  held  that: 

"The  figures  thus  shown  cannot  be 
ignored,  but  on  the  contrary,  demand  the 
deepest  refiection  as  to  their  import.  The 
high  rate  of  sickness  already  noticed  In 
the  ages  below  2S  and  In  age-group  bf>- 
60,  when  we  were  discussing  the  society 
I  as  a  whole,  appears  again  for  both  min- 
l|  ers  and  non-miners;  but.  while  with  non- 
miners  ever>'  other  age  of  life  shows  an 
experience  considerably  below  standard. 


ranging  down  to  30  per  cent,  lower  at 
ages  46-50,  an  emphatic  contrast  appears 
in  all  ages  of  the  mining  members.  To 
get  a  clear  idea  of  what  this  contrast 
means  we  must  express  the  mining  rate 
in  terms  of  the  non-mining  rate,  as  shown 
in  the  last  column  of  Table  IX,  from 
which  it  appears  that  the  miners'  sickness 
is  high  by  21  to  76  per  cent.  In  the  sev- 
eral ages  than  that  of  non-miners;  or,  in 
other  words,  the  miners  sufRer  approxi- 
mately from  one-quarter  to  three-quar- 
ters as  much  again  as  do  the  non-mining 
classes.  What  these  enhanced  rates 
w'ould  mean  if  the  mining  class  were  to 
become  a  considerable  proportion  of  the 
membership  of  the  society  may  be  gath- 
ered when  I  mention  that  the  bulk  effect 
of  a  mining  membership  as  against  a 
non-mining  membership  in  the  society,  as 
at  present  constituted,  would  mean  an  in- 
crease in  the  total  sickness  by  at  least 
36  per  cent.  At  the  present  time  the 
society  pays,  at  a  rough  estimate,  for 
nearly  1600  weeks  sickness  per  annum 
more  than  it  would  if  there  were  no  min- 
ers in  its  membership.  This  represents 
an  additional  half-day's  illness  per  head 
in  the  whole  society,  and  manifestly  is 
the  cause  of  an  appreciable  addition  to 
the  cost  of  sickness.  It  is  obvious,  there- 
fore, that  if  these  lodges,  consisting  ir 
whole  or  in  part  of  the  mining  classes, 
are  to  be  carried  on  as  separate  con- 
cerns in  respect  of  sickness  as  hereto- 
fore, then  considerable  modifications 
must  be  made  for  their  satisfactory 
working." 

Unfavorable   Experience   Again 
Confirmed 

Almost  identical  conclusions  are  ar- 
rived at  upon  the  basis  of  the  experi- 
ence of  the  Protestant  Alliance  Friendly 
Society  of  Australasia,  Grand  Council  of 
New  South  Wales,  as  follows:  "The 
exposures  to  sickness  risk,  as  seen  in  the 
quinquennial  tabulations,  show  that  the 
mining  element  Is  only  about  9  per  cent, 
of  the  total  membership,  and  the  extra 
strain  on  the  resources  of  the  society  aris- 
ing from  this  section  is  not  yet  severely 
felt.  It  is.  however,  obvious  as  the  re- 
sults of  my  researches  in  the  affairs  of 
other  societies,  recently  valued,  that  the 
presence  of  the  mining  class  In  any  con- 
siderable proportion  on  the  rolls  of  a 
friendly  society  will  have  an  adverse 
effect,  to  a  pronounced  degree,  on  the 
sick  list,  and  consequently  upon  the  re- 
sources of  the  society;  and  will  greatly 
Increase  the  difficulty  of  attaining  and  re- 
taining a  solvent  condition." 

Conclusions  Doubtless  Apply  to 
United  States 

Since  the  excess  In  sickness  rates  Is.  to 
a  considerable  extent,  the  result  of  acci- 
dents, it  may  be  stated  in  this  connec- 
tion that  the  average  fatal  accident  rate 
for  coal  miners  in  New^  South  Wales  was 
2.01  per  1000,  against  3.33  per  1000  em- 


ployed In  the  coalfields  of  North  America 
during  the  decade  1898- 1907.  The  non- 
fatal accident  rate  Is  of  doubtful 
value,  but  it  Is  safe  to  assume  that 
the  rate  would  also  be  higher  for 
this  country  than  for  New  South  Wales. 
The  average  fatal  accident  rate  for  metal 
mining  in  New  South  Wales  during  1903- 
07  was  1.10  per  1000,  against  2.86  for 
the  United  States,  and  the  same  conclu- 
sion applies  with  regard  to  the  non-fata\ 
accident  rate  in  this  branch  of  the  in- 
dustry, which  Is  unquestionably  some- 
what higher  than  the  corresponding  rate 
for  New  South  Wales.  It  is,  therefore,  a 
valid  assumption  that  the  morbidity  of 
miners  in  this  country  is  as  a  matter  of 
practical  certainty  considerably  in  excess 
of  the  corresponding  morbidity  of  the 
non-mining  population,  and  that  the  re- 
sults of  qualified  inquiries  into  the  sub- 
ject abroad  require  similar  Investigations 
tT  be  made  in  the  United  States. 

Miners'  Accident  Relief  Fund 

Finally  as  a  further  contribution  toward 
a  better  knowledge  of  the  whole  question 
of  miners'  accident  and  disease  liability, 
and  effective  measures  and  means  to 
mitigate  the  disasters  resulting  from  a 
recognized  dangerous  trade,  the  following 
account  of  the  Miners'  Accident  Relief 
Fund  as  extracted  from  the  Official  Year 
Book,  of  New  South  Wales  for  1907-08 
is  appended  as  an  illustration  of  what  is 
probably  the  most  interesting  and  prom- 
ising effort  which  has  thus  far  been  made 
to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  a  class 
which  by  every  humanitarian  considera- 
tion is  entitled  to  the  highest  degree  of 
solicitude  on  the  part  of  government  and 
the  people  at  large: 

"The  New  South  Wales  Miners'  Acci- 
dent Relief  Act.  which  came  into  force  on 
January  1,  1901,  applies  to  all  mines  In 
or  about  which  15  or  more  persons  are 
employed.  A  sum  of  4'jd.  (9o.)  per 
week  is  deducted  from  the  wages  of  each 
employee  and  paid  by  the  manager  of  the 
mine  to  the  treasurer  of  a  committee  for 
the  mine.  The  committee  for  a  mine  con- 
sists of:  (1)  An  Inspector  of  Mines  ap- 
pointed by  the  Minister;  (2(  Three  per- 
sons appointed  by  the  employees,  and; 
(3)  Two  persons  appointed  by  the  owner 
or  manager,  If  he  thinks  fit.  The  com- 
mittee receives  and  considers  all  applica- 
tions for  relief  in  cases  of  accident,  and 
votes  such  allowances  as  appear  war- 
ranted under  the  provisions  of  the  act. 
The  fund  Is  administered  by  a  board  con- 
sisting of  six  members,  one  of  whom  Is 
the  chairman,  and  the  others  representa- 
tive of:  (1)  Owners  of  coal  and  shale 
mines;  (2)  Owners  of  other  mines;  (3) 
Persons  employed  in  or  about  coal  and 
shale  mines;  (4)  Persons  employed  in  or 
about  other  mines,  and;  (5)  The  Depart- 
ment of  Mines.  Payments  into  the  fund 
consist  of:  (  I  »  The  balances  of  deduc- 
tions from  wages  unexpended  by  the  com- 
mittees In  payment  of  allowances;  (2)  A 


26 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


quarterly  contribution  by  the  owner  or 
owners  of  each  mine  equal  to  50  per  cent, 
of  the  aggregate  amount  deducted  from 
the  wages  at  such  mine,  and;  (3)  A  sub- 
sidy from  the  Consolidated  Revenue  Fund 
equal  to  the  amount  contributed  by  own- 
ers of  mines.  The  board  makes  advances 
to  committees  in  cases  where  the  sums 
deducted  from  wages  are  inadequate  to 
meet  allowances  payable. 

Benefits  Increased 

"The  benefits  provided  by  the  act  were 
increased  in  1905  after  an  actuarial  valu- 
ation of  the  fund,  and  those  now  payable 
are: 

(I)  In  cases  of  fatal  accident — (1) 
Funeral  allowance,  £12  ($58.32);  (2)  A 
weekly  allowance  of  IDs.  ($2.45)  to  the 
widow  or  other  adult  dependent  upon  the 
deceased  for  support,  and;  (3)  A  week- 
ly allowance  of  3s.  ($0.72)  in  respect  of 
each   child   of   the   deceased   or   of   each 


of  whom  678  were  drawing  allowances  in 
respect  of  fatal  accidents,  and  198  as  the 
result  of  permanent  disablement;  261 
persons  were  drawing  an  allowance  of 
10s.  weekly,  and  92  permanently  disabled 
workmen  were  each  receiving  15s.  week- 
ly The  balance  was  made  up  of  523 
children,  to  whom  a  weekly  allowance  of 
3s.  was  made,  417  of  them  being  bene- 
ficiaries in  respect  of  fatal  accidents." 


The  City  Deep  Mill 


By  E.  iVl.  Weston* 

Through  the  courtesy  of  J.  Whitford, 
manager  of  the  City  Deep  mill,  the  ac- 
companying views  of  the  mill  in  course 
of  erection  are  available  for  publication. 
The  mill  embodies  the  latest  construction- 
al ideas  of  Eckstein  &  Co.'s  engineer, 
Mr.     Robeson,     and     his    assistant,     Mr. 


are  used  to  draw  30-ton  trucks  up  a 
gentle  grsde  to  the  top  of  the  bins.  The 
embankment  required  is  an  extensive  one, 
being  about  one  mile  long,  rising  to  over 
40  ft.  in  hight  and  with  equipment  it 
will   cost  £55,000;   but  as  the  mill  may 


Casting  for  City  Deep  Battery 


Concrete  Stamp  Foundation  and  Steel  Bins  for 
City  Deep  Mill 


Tube  Mills  for  Use  on  the  Witwatersrand  at  the 
City  Deep  Mill 


child  of  an  adult  dependent,  payable  until 
such  child  attains  the  age  of  14  years. 

(II)  In  cases  of  disablement — (1)  A 
weekly  allowance  of  I5s.  ($3.64)  until 
able  to  resume  work,  and;  (2)  Where 
disablement  is  permanent,  a  weekly  al- 
lowance of  3s.  ($0.72)  in  respect  of  each 
child  under  the  age  of  14  years. 

For  the  eight  years  during  which  the 
act  has  been  in  operation  the  average 
annual  number  of  employees  contributing 
has  been  23,941,  the  amount  contributed 
being  £186,744.  During  the  same  period 
the  mine  owners  have  paid  £88,833,  and 
government  subsidy  to  the  extent  of  £88,- 
836,  and  interest  amounting  to  £27,835, 
have  been  received;  the  sum  of  £161,413 
has  been  disbursed  in  allowances.  Accu- 
mulated funds,  amounting  to  £220,000, 
have  been  invested  in  New  South  Wales 
funded  stock.  At  the  end  of  1908,  the 
"permanent"  beneficiaries  numbered  876. 


Laschinger.  It  will  consist  of  200  stamps 
each  weighing  2000  lb.,  set  back  to  back, 
and  on  a  duty  of  11  tons  per  stamp  is 
estimated  to  crush  65,000  tons  per  month. 
It  is  probable,  however,  that  a  duty  of 
twice  that  amount  will  be  obtained,  as 
there  are  eight  tube  mills,  or  one  to  25 
stamps  instead  of  one  to  50,  as  in  most 
other  mills. 

One  photo  shows  the  steel  bins  de- 
signed to  hold  4750  tons  of  rock.  They 
are  196  ft.  long,  25  ft.  6  in.  wide,  and 
42  ft.  high.  The  members  of  the  frame 
were  put  together  and  hoisted  into  posi- 
tion in  six-ton  sections.  The  steam  der- 
rick is  shown  erecting  a  steel  girder  to 
support  the  rail  line  which  comes  from  a 
high  embankment  not  shown.  The  ar- 
rangement is  similar  to  that  in  the  Sim- 
mer Deep  mill,  but  electric  locomotives 


crush  from  30,000,000  to  60,000.000  tons 
the  capital  outlay  is  justified.  The  bat- 
tery posts  are  of  reinforced  concrete,  7 
ft.  high,  4  ft.  X  14  in.  on  the  top.  On 
these  rest  12xl4x48-in.  timbers,  and  on 
these  is  placed  the  large  casting  shown  in 
the  illustration.  It  is  held  down  by  six 
1^1 -in.  bolts.  The  casting  supports  the 
cam  shaft  along  its  whole  length  between 
the  cams.  All  amalgamation  is  done  on 
72  shaking  tables,  placed  below  the  tube 
mills.  Reinforced  concrete  is  employed 
everywhere  for  foundation  pillars  and 
girders,  for  large  rectangular  solution 
tanks,  floors  and  walls. 


•Mlnlnc    pnslneer,     St. 
I'lhnnnoshiirK,  Trnnsvaal. 


M.-irj-'s     bnlldlnKs. 


The  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  com- 
pany has  donated  $30,000  for  a  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  building  at  Kellogg,  Idaho,  for  the 
miners.  Work  on  the  building 
commenced. 


has 


July  2,  1910. 


THe   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


27 


A  Standard  Series  of    Screens    for 
Laboratory  Testing* 

By  Theodore  J.  HoovERf 

The  suggestions  here  made  are  an  at- 
tempt to  reconcile  the  conflicting  ele- 
ments in  former  suggestions,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  present  a  system  which  has 
merits  hitherto  wanting;  also  to  present  a 
practical  mechanical  method  of  making 
screen  analyses.  There  are  two  phases 
to  the  problem:  ill  The  measurement 
of  the  result  of  crushing  different  ores  in 
the  same  machine.  i2l  The  measure- 
ment of  the  result  of  crushing  the  same 
ore  in  different  machines,  or  with  differ- 
ent adjustments  or  combinations  of  the 
same  machine. 

There  are  two  methods  of  manipulating 
a  sample  in  the  laboratory  in  order  to 
determine  some  of  these  points.     (1)   A 


Richards'  Series 

Richards  proposed  a  geometric  series 
in  which  the  ratio  between  the  sizes  of 
apertures  was  the  ■\/  2  and  his  first  term 
was  1  mm.  This  series  cannot  be  ob- 
jected to  on  the  ground  of  lack  of  terms, 
inasmuch  as  there  are  14  or  15  screens 
between  the  necessary  limits.  The  series 
errs  on  the  side  of  too  great  abundance  in 
this  regard.  It  is  also  based  on  the  metric 
unit  of  measurement,  with  no  simple  re- 
lationship to  the  English  unit  of  an 
inch. 

De  Kalb's  and  the  I.  M.  M.  Series 

De  Kalb  proposed  an  arithmetic  series, 
chiefly  objectionable  for  its  lack  of  screens 
within  desirable  limits,  there  being  but 
six  or  seven  available  in  the  lower  range. 
The  series  also  disappears  too  soon  in  the 
lower  limit.  The  series  has  in  it  a  unique 
relationship  expressed  as  a  second  dif- 


CO-MPARISON  OF  ENGLISH  AND  AMERICAN  STOCK  SIZES  OF  SCREEN  CLOTH. 

CtJBE  Root 

Series. 

Potter 

's  Stock,  London. 

Tyler's  Stock,  Cleveland 

,  Ohio. 

.\pcriiire. 
Inches. 

.\perture. 
Inche.*;. 

Size  of  Wire.        Meshes 

Apert  ure. 
Inches. 

Size  of  Wire. 

Meshes 

Inches. 

per  Inch. 

Inches. 

per  Inch. 

0.12.50 

0  1270 

0  04 

6 

0.1270 

0.04 

6 

0  0992 

0  0990 

0.026 

s 

0.1000 

0.025 

8 

0  07S7 

0.0790 

0.021 

10 

0  0770 

0.023 

10 

0  062.5 

0.0630 

0  020 

12 

0  0630 

0.0205 

12 

0  0496 

0.0490 

0  022 

14 

0.0488 

0.01375 

16 

(1   0394 

0  0407 

0.0148 

18 

0.0397 

0.01025 

20 

0  O.J  1.3 

0,0318 

0  0316 

22 

0.0314 

0.01025 

24 

0  024,S 

0  0241 

0.0116 

28 

0  0247 

0.01375 

26 

0  0197 

0.0193 

0  0092 

35 

0.0195 

0  01375 

30 

0  0156 

0   0156 

0  0090 

40 

0.0155 

0 . 0095 

40 

0  0124 

0   0124 

0  0076 

50 

0  0125 

0  0075 

50 

0 .  009.1 

0   0099 

0  0068 

60 

0.0098 

0.01025 

50 

0  007S 

0  0075 

II  0050 

80 

0.0077 

0  0065 

70 

0  0062 

0.0063 

II  0048 

90 

0.0061 

0.0050 

90 

0.0049 

0.0047 

U  0036 

120 

0.0050 

0.0040 

110 

0.0039 

0.0035 

0  0020 

ISO 

0.0039 

0  0032 

140 

0.0031 

0.0034 

0  0016 

200 

0.0031 

0 . 0024 

180 

0.0025 

0.002.S 

0  0014 

250 

0.0030 

0.002 

200 

sample  may  be  classified  in  an  ascending 
current  of  water  and  determinations  made 
a;"  to  the  composition  of  the  various  pro- 
ducts secured  according  to  two  variables, 
weight  and  size.  (2)  A  sizing  test  on  a 
series  of  screens  divides  a  sample  into 
products  according  to  the  one  variable, 
size. 

Rittinger's  Series 
Rittinger  proposed  a  geometric  series 
in  which  the  ratio  between  the  sizes  of 
the  apertures  in  successive  screens  was 
I  -\  and  his  first  term  was  1  mm.  His 
series  can  be  extended  upward  from  1 
mm.  for  purposes  of  comparison  with 
the  other  series  here  mentioned.  The 
same  objections  can  be  raised  to  this  se- 
ries as  to  the  "common  series"  in  which 
the  ratio  is  2.  There  are  not  enough 
screens  within  the  limits  of  25  and  250 
mesh.  Another  objection  to  the  series  is 
that  it  is  based  on  the  metric  unit  of 
measurement  with  no  simple  relationship 
to  the  English  inch. 


ferential,  but  either  Rittinger's  or  Rich- 
ards' series  of  screens  is  better  for  labor- 
atory testing  purposes. 

The  committee  on  standardization  of 
the  Institution  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy 
in  1907  adopted  a  standard  series  of 
screens  for  laboratory  testing.  The  main 
idea  in  the  series  was  to  have  the  screens 
manufactured  so  as  to  be  perfectly  locked, 
with  25  per  cent,  screen  aperture,  in  or- 
der to  prevent  shifting  of  the  wires  with 
use.  There  is  no  simple  way  to  express 
the  relationship  in  this  series.  The  only 
simple  law  adhered  to  is  that  the  series 
i>"  arranged  in  the  order  of  meshes  per 
ipch,  and  that  each  succeeding  screen  has 
an  aperture  smaller  than  the  preceding 
one.  The  I.  M.  M.  standard  is  not  a 
regular  series. 

Cube  Root  Series 

A  geometric  series  of  diameters  of 
apertures  for  a  set  of  screens  for  labora- 
tory testinj;  is  now  proposed.'  We  will 
start  with  an  aperture  of  1  in.,  and  divide 


•Excerpts  from  a  iiiipcr  rend  nl  I  he  Mav 
meetloK  of  the  Institution  (if  Mining  and 
Metallurgy.    London. 

tConsultIng   engineer. 
Ltd.,   London,    England. 


Minerals   Separation. 


'This  scries  was  mentioned  by  Kol>ert  II. 
RIchnrds  In  n  [)nper  rend  before  the  .\merlcan 
iMSIItute  of  Mining  Englners.  but  he  does 
not  advise  Its  use. 


1  in.  by  the  |'  2 ;  this  gives  us  our 
second    aperture.      Dividing    the    second 

aperture  by  the  ('  2  we  get  the  third 
aperture,  and  so  on  down  to  the  28th 
term  of  the  series,  where  we  reach  the 
limit,  roughly  250  mesh,  of  effective 
screening.  The  decimals  in  this  series 
were  calculated  accurately  to  five  places, 
and  when  the  15th  term  of  the  series 
was  reached,  it  came  to  0.03937  in., 
which  decimal  will  be  recognized  as  the 
legal  British  and  American  equivalent 
for  one  millimeter. 

Here,  then,  is  a  series  which  may 
start  from  either  1  in.  or  1  mm. 
and,  by  varying  the  successive  apertures 
so  that  they  are  in  ratio  of  i  :  ^  2,  get 
a  series  of  screens  which  obviates  this 
and  all  other  objections  urged.  The 
English  and  metric  units  of  measure- 
ments are  here  brought  into  a  semblance 
of  harmony.  This  harmony  can  be  ex- 
pressed by  the  proportion: 

1  in. :  I  mm.  ::  i  :  (  f    2)' '. 

The  r*  2  being  also  the  common  mul- 
tiple of  the  series.  In  this  connection  it 
is  of  interest  that 

if  2)"  =25.3995 
which  is  the  factor  we  are  accustomed 
to  use  in  reducing  inches  to  millimeters 
(as  1  in.  —  25.3995  mm.).  It  should  be 
pointed  out,  however,  that  the  above  pro- 
portion is  true  only  to  the  fourth  place 
of  decimals. 

This  series  of  screens  can  be  secured 
approximately  from  the  stock  sizes  of 
screen  cloth  made  by  most  manufactur- 
ers to  a  near  enough  degree  of  accuracy. 
How  close  this  approximation  is,  may  be 
observed  in  the  accompanying  table, 
showing  stock  sizes  of  American  and 
English  screens. 

Hand  vs.  Mechanical  Sizing 
The  time  required  to  make  a  dry  sizing 
test  by  hand  on  one  kilogram  of  ore 
with  a  cube-root  series  of  screens,  is 
about  10  hours.  The  actual  sizing  could 
be  done  wet  in  about  six  hours,  but  the 
drying  of  the  small  sizes  would  take 
as  much  more  time.  In  lieu  of  this  anti- 
quated and  laborious  method,  I  have  de- 
vised a  machine  which  will  accomplish 
the  whole  sizing  operation  on  the  above 
series  in  less  than  20  minutes. 

The  quality  of  the  work  done  on  this 
machine  is  superior  to  any  hand  test, 
either  wet  or  dry;  and  by  adopting  a 
fixed  number  of  minutes,  the  results  of 
a  series  of  screening  tests  can  be  com- 
pared with  confidence,  because  the  co- 
elHcient  of  laziness  is  entirely  eliminated. 
Twenty  minutes  is  about  the  proper 
length  of  time  for  the  actual  sizing 
operation.  With  this  machine  equipped 
with  screens  which  have  been  se- 
lected with  reference  to  some  desirable 
series  in  the  dimensions  of  the  aperture, 
tests  can  be  made  which  can  be  as  safe- 
ly compared  as  are  the  results  from  dif- 
ferent assayers. 


28 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2.  1910. 


Electricity    in    West    Virginia    Mines 

One  Electric  Locomotive  Will  Do  Work  of  15  Horses.    Hoisting   Drums 
Operated  by  Direct-current  Motors,  and  Electrically  Driven  Fans,  Used 

B"^f       rT       NEIL        WILLIAMS 


The  causes  which  have  led  to  the  gen- 
eral adoption  of  electricity  as  a  motive 
power  in  mining  work  are  mostly  obvious. 
The  only  logical  competitor  of  electricity 
is  gravity,  which  is,  of  course,  the  cheap- 
est power  as  long  as  its  use  does  not  in- 
volve too  much  loss  of  time,  or  its  in- 
flexibility necessitate  an  expenditure  for 
labor  of  a  sum  sufficiently  great  to  off- 
set the  saving  in  investment  and  that  ef- 
fected by  the  elimination  of  the  fuel  bill. 
Where  conditions  do  not  permit  of  mak- 


The  economic  advantage  of  electric 
operation  becomes  evident  from  an  in- 
spection of  the  pay  roll,  for  with  electric 
locomotives  longer  trips  can  be  made  at 
higher  rates  of  speed,  with  the  result 
that  one  locomotive  will  do  the  work  of 
fifteen  horses  on  the  average.  This  means 
the  employment  of  one  good  man  instead 
of  fifteen  boys,  and  the  expenditure  of 
S2.50  to  S3  for  power  instead  of  ,S7.50 
foi  feed. 

The    advantages    of    electricity     as     a 


Railroad,  which  begins  just  above  Pied- 
mont, W.  Va.,  at  the  junction  of  this  rail- 
road and  the  B.  &  O.  In  the  Fairmont 
region,  the  company  also  owns  30,000 
acres  of  coal  lands,  which,  however,  are 
not  being  worked. 

It  is  interesting  to  follow  the  develop- 
ment of  this  company  through  the  various 
stages  of  its  growth  and  to  note  how 
systematically  the  various  managements 
have  worked  to  a  well  thought  out  plan 
of  electric  operation.     While  the   use  of 


General  View  of  the  Thomas  Power  Plant  and  Tipples  Belonging  to  the  Davis  Coal  and  Coke  Company 


ing  use  of  gravity,  either  horses,  mules  or 
electric  locomotives  must  be  employed; 
advantages  being  much  in  favor  of  the 
latter,  especially  when  the  thinner  seams 
of  coal  are  exploited.  The  horse  as  a 
factor  in  coal-mining  became  of  tninor 
Importance  with  the  advent  of  electric 
haulage  in  1887.  The  mortality  of  horses 
used  in  mining  work  is  extremely  high, 
while  the  first  mining  locomotive  built  in 
the  United  States,  for  the  Lykens  Valley 
Coal  Company,  is  still  hauling  coal  in 
everyday  service.  This  feature  is  accen- 
tuated by  the  necessity  of  using  very 
small  horses  in  mining  work  and  of  their 
•working  in  the  dark  and  in  bad  air. 


source  of  power  in  coal  mines  where  the 
electric  installation  has  been  properly 
made  and  is  wisely  managed  are  exempli- 
fied in  the  equipment  of  the  Davis  Coal 
and  Coke  Company,  which  operates  bitu- 
minous mines  in  West  Virginia  along  the 
lines  of  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad 
Company.  At  the  present  time  this  com- 
pany owns  ItiO.OOO  acres  of  coal  land  and 
operates  mines  at  West  Virginia  Central 
Junction,  Elk  Garden,  Harrison  (Harri- 
son being  included  in  the  Elk  Garden  dis- 
trict), Henry,  Thomas,  Coketon  and 
Weaver;  these  places  being  situated,  in 
the  order  named,  along  the  West  Virginia 
C.  &  P.  Division  of  the  Western  Maryland 


electric  power  in  the  first  place  was  made 
imperative  by  the  nature  of  the  working, 
its  advantages  in  other  directions  than 
those  which  compelled  its  adoption  be- 
came apparent  and  led  to  the  introduction 
of  electricity  for  other  purposes. 

Decided  to  Use  Alternating  Current 

Realizing  that  the  distances  over  which 
it  would  be  necessary  to  transmit  elec- 
trical energy  were,  in  many  cases,  al- 
ready too  great  for  the  economical  use 
of  direct  current,  and  that  as  the  opera- 
tion in  the  mines  extended,  all  these 
distances  must  necessarily  become  great- 
er, it  was  decided  to  use  alternating  cur- 


July  2,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


29 


rent  wherever  possible.  The  greater 
economy  of  alternating  current  for  long 
distance  transmission  was  not,  however, 
the  only  consideration  which  was  influen- 
tial in  the  adoption  of  this  policy.  The  al- 
ternating current  system  is  very  much 
more  flexible  than  any  direct-current  sys- 
tem, and  is  adapted  readily  to  any  dis- 
tance of  transmission  by  means  of  the 
simple  alternating  current  transformer. 
Furthermore,  the  induction  motor  is  ad- 
mirably suited  for  use  in  coal  mines, 
particularly  for  driving  pumps  and  fans 
which  run  continuously.  As  it  requires 
no  brushes  or  other  devices  for  making 
electrical  connection  with  the  secondary 
circuit,  the  rotor  revolves  very  freely  and 
there  is  no  friction  other  than  that  of  the 
bearings.  This  arrangement  requires  a 
minimum  of  attention  and  insures  abso- 
lutely no  sparking.  A  motor  of  this  type 
will  operate  for  long  periods  of  time  with 


due  to  the  slowness  of  the  drivers  in  get- 
ting back  into  the  workings. 

Electrical  Devi;lopment  Has  Been 
Consistently  Carried  Out 

The  electrical  development  has  been 
consistently  carried  out  throughout  all  of 
the  various  workings  with  000  volts  di- 
rect current  for  haulage  and  three-phase 
alternating  current,  at  a  frequency  of  60 
cycles,  for  all  other  purposes,  with  the 
exception  of  the  lighting  of  the  various 
mining  towns.  For  this  purpose,  single- 
phase  alternating  current  is  used,  con- 
stant current  tub  transformers  being  em- 
ployed for  the  lighting  of  streets. 

This  policy  of  buying  uniform  appara- 
tus for  all  mines,  even  to  standardizing 
the  make  of  machinery,  has  resulted  in 
an  almost  entire  absence  of  an  electrical 
junk  pile.  It  is  a  case  of  the  pitcher 
going  to   the   well   till   it   is   broken,  and 


amply  large  for  the  duty.  Stinting  in  this; 
respect  would  be  poor  policy,  but  natu- 
rally the  result  of  having  partially  loaded 
motors  continuously  in  operation  results 
in  a  very  poor  power  factor  for  the  whole 
system.  The  main  objection  to  low- 
power  factor  in  mining  work  is  not  the 
necessity  of  providing  transmission  lines 
large  enough  to  carry  the  excess  idle 
current,  but  chiefly  one  of  station  econ- 
omy. A  unit  consisting  of  steam  driver 
and  electric  generator  designed  to  deliver 
an  output  of,  say,  100  kw.  at  100  per 
cent,  power  factor  can  only  be  called  on 
for  55  kw.  at  55  per  cent,  power  factor, 
and  not  even  for  this  unless  the  fields 
and  armature  have  been  speeially  de- 
signed for  such  operation.  Even  assum- 
ing this  to  be  the  case,  the  steam  end  of 
the  unit  would  be  operating  at  but  little 
more  than  half  load,  and  consequently  with 
very  poor  efficiency.  It  is,  therefore,  desir- 


The  Direct-current  Series  Motor  was  Adopted  for  Hoisting 


Hoisting  Drum  Operated  by  Direct-current  Motor 


no  further  attention  than  an  occasional  in- 
spection of  the  oil  gages  and  air  gap. 

Direct  Current  Series  Motor  Adopted 

For  haulage  and  hoisting  purposes,  the 
direct-current  seriej  motor  was  adopted, 
due  to  its  characteristic  of  maximum 
torque  at  starting.  Owing  to  the  long 
distances  to  which  direct  current  had  to 
be  transmitted,  it  was  decided  to  generate 
it  ."t  a  potential  of  BOO  volts.  The  ob- 
jection which  might  be  raised  to  this  high 
potential,  due  to  the  danger  to  men  and 
animals,  where  the  latter  are  still  used 
for  gathering,  is  more  imaginary  than 
real,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  current 
is  turned  off  while  the  shifts  are  chang- 
ing. In  fact,  there  has  been  no  loss  of 
human  life  from  electric  shocks  in  the 
company's  entire  history,  and  only  a  few 
instances  in  which  animals  have  come  into 
contact  with  live  wires  and  were  electro- 
cuted.    In  these  cases,  the  accident  was 


but  for  the  advent  of  greatly  improved 
steam  motive  power  in  the  form  of  the 
Curtis  steam  turbine,  there  would  have 
been  very  little  noticeable  depreciation  in 
any  of  the  apparatus.  As  it  is,  the  in- 
crease of  power  required  by  the  rapid  de- 
velopments in  the  last  year  or  two  has 
made  it  necessary  to  operate  the  older 
reciprocating  steam  units  in  multiple  with 
the  steam  turbines;  but  it  is  hoped  that  in 
a  short  time  it  will  be  possible  to  discon- 
tinue some  of  the  less  efficient  steam  en- 
gines and  use  the  corresponding  alter- 
nating current  generators  as  synchronous 
condensers  to  improve  the  power  factor 
of  the   general   system. 

The  Main  Objection  to  Low  Power 
Factor 

The  importance  of  the  work  being  done 
by  the  induction  motors  in  mine  ventila- 
tion and  pumping  is  so  great  that  these 
motors    must    of   necessity    be    selected 


able  to  bringup  the  general  power  factoras 
near  as  possible  to  100  per  cent,  by  means 
ofunits  independent  of  the  generators.  Ro- 
tnry  condensers,  or  synchronous  motors, 
operating  as  motors,  are  suitable  for  this 
purpose,  whether  running  idle  or  with 
load.  It  is  not  always  possible  to  jsro- 
vide  a  suitable  load  for  a  synchronous 
motor  in  the  interior  of  the  mine  itself, 
as  this  type  of  machine  will  not  operate 
with  the  small  amount  of  attention  re- 
quired by  an  induction  motor,  and  is  more 
susceptible  to  fluctuations  in  the  supply 
of  electric  energy.  However,  there  is  no 
reason  why  fans  outside  the  mines  and 
not  too  far  from  the  power  station  or  re- 
pair shops,  where  expert  attention  is 
available,  should  not  be  driven  by  syn- 
chronous motors.  If  the  motor  runs  idle, 
the  improvement  in  power  factor  is  gained 
at  the  expense  of  an  amount  of  energy 
representing  the  losses  in  the  motor. 
In  the   following  history  of  the   Davis. 


30 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


Coal  and  Coke  Company  and  its  develop- 
ment, the  electrical  equipment  will  be  dis- 
cussed in  conjunction  with  the  description 
of  the  various  workings. 

History  of  Davis  Coal  and  Coke 
Company 

In  1884  some  prospectors  in  the  em- 
ploy of  H.  G.  Davis  &  Bro.  discovered 
the  Davis  vein  of  coal  near  Thomas.  W. 
Va.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the  pres- 
ent company  and  of  operations  at  Thomas. 
In  1886  H.  G.  Davis  &  Bro.  and  S.  B. 
Elkins  formed  a  partnership  for  the  pur- 
pose of  opening  the  Davis  coal  at  a  point 
about  a  mile  south  of  Thomas,  at  what 
is  now  known  as  Coketon,  W.  Va.  In  1887 
the  first  coke  ovens  were  built  and  ex- 
periments made  as  to  the  coking  qualities 
of  the  coal,  which  was  found  to  be  in- 
deed an  exxellent  coking,  steaming  and 
smithing  product.  In  1888  the  Davis  Coal 
and  Coke  Company  was  incorporated 
with  an  authorized  capital  stock  of  $250,- 
000,  which  in  1893  was  increased  to  $3,- 
000,000  to  enable  the  company  to  ac- 
quire controlling  interests  in  several  other 
mines  operating  on  the  line  of  the  W.  Va. 
Central  Railway  From  this  time  on,  until 
the  taking  over  of  the  road  by  the  Goulds 
as  the  coal-operating  department  of  the 
Western  Maryland,  the  development  of 
the  company  from  a  technical  point  of 
view  has  been  systematic  and  compre- 
hensive. 

Taking  the  various  operations  in  geo- 
graphical rather  than  historical  order,  we 
will  begin  with  the  mines  nearest  to  Tide- 
water. At  West  Virginia  Central  Junc- 
tion there  are  four  operations,  two  in 
what  is  known  as  the  Bayard  formation, 
which  carries  the  Bakerton  seam  of  coal 
and  is  locally  known  as  the  "four  foot;" 
and  the  "three  foot"  coal,  operated  else- 
where as  the  upper  Freeport  seam.  These 
mines  are  operated  by  the  General  Elec- 
tric system  of  rope  haulage.  As  the  mines 
are  on  the  extreme  eastern  outcrop,  the 
pitches  ure  very  heavy  and  haulages  are 
located  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  head- 
ings on  the  inside  of  the  mines.  Empties 
are  hauled  in  with  the  rope  and  the 
loaded  cars  dropped  out  by  gravity,  drag- 
ging the  rope  behind  them.  The  loaded 
cars  are  controlled  by  brakes  on  the  hoist- 
ing drums,  which  are  operated  by  550- 
volt  direct-current  motors. 

The  Bakerton  seam  is  at  the  very  top 
of  the  Bayard  formation  and,  since  the 
north  branch  of  the  Potomac  .river  cuts 
the  valley  deep  at  this  point,  the  above 
two  mines  are  opened  very  high  on  the 
hillside  and  require  inclined  planes  2100 
ft.  in  length  to  reach  the  railroad  track. 
Mine  No.  19  is  operated  at  the  base  of 
these  planes,  on  the  lower  Kittanning 
seam,  known  locally  as  the  "six  foot." 
This  mine  also  requires  rope  haulage, 
which  is  placed  on  the  inside  of  the  mine 
as  in  the  case  of  the  two  mines  aoove 
referred  to,  Nos.  50  and  51.  The  power 
station   for  this  group  is  equipped   with 


a  150-kw.  General  Electric  generator 
driven  by  a  Buckeye  engine.  These  three 
mines,  together  with  number  17  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  river  in  Maryland, 
which  uses  endless-rope  haulage,  consti- 
tute the  West  Virginia  Central  Division, 
under  the  direction  of  O.  Tibbets,  super- 
intendent. 

The  Mines  Located  at  Elk  Garden 

The  next  group  of  mines,  located  at 
Elk  Garden,  are  principally  in  the  Pitts- 
burg formation.  These  mines  are  Nos.  6 
and  9  in  the  Pittsburg  formation;  No.  10 
in  the  upper  Sewickly,  which  is  known 
locally  as  gas  coal;  No.  20  in  the  upper 
Freeport  seam  on  a  line  with  the  rail- 
road; and  No.  14  four  miles  west  of  No. 
20   on   Abrams  creek,  producing   a   very 


mine  are  of  brick.  The  plant  is  equipped 
with  electric  haulage  throughout  and  the 
coal  is  mined  with  compressed-air  punch- 
ing machines. 

Modern  Equipment  in  the  Power 
House  at  Henry 

The  power  house  contains  two  24x 
26x30-in.  Ingersoll  air  compressors,  one 
belted  150-kw.  alternating-current  gen- 
erator, one  250-kw.,  600-volt,  direct-cur- 
rent, generator  for  haulage  purposes,  and 
a  synchronous  motor  direct-current  gen- 
erator set.  which  acts  as  connecting  link 
between  the  two  generating  units,  per- 
mitting either  one  or  the  other  to  be 
shut  down.  This  set  can  be  oper- 
ated from  either  end  so  as  to  provide  di- 
rect or  alternating  current.    On  the  main 


Showing  150-Kw.,  600-Volt,  Engine-driven  Direct-current  Generator 


high-grade  coal.  With  the  exception  of 
No.  6,  which  has  a  gravity  rope  haulage, 
this  group  is  not  provided  with  mechani- 
cal haulage  other  than  steam  trams. 
Robert  Grant  is  superintendent  of  the  Elk 
Garden  district,  with  headquarters  at  Elk 
Garden. 

At  Henry,  about  8  miles  east  of 
Thomas,  is  located  one  of  the  later  and, 
consequently,  one  of  the  more  modern  of 
the  company's  opsrations.  The  complete 
Bayard  and  Savage  formations  are  acces- 
sible from  this  plant,  the  upper  Freeport 
and  the  lower  Kittanning  being  in  good 
workable  condition.  It  is  operated  by 
shafts  1  and  2  tapping  the  upper  Freeport 
at  a  depth  of  2.50  ft.  and  the  lower  Kit- 
tanning at  450  ft.  Tipples  and  hoisting 
towers  are  built  of  steel,  while  the  power 
house,  engine  houses,  blacksmith  shop 
and  all  buildings  in  connection  with  the 


roads  of  this  mine,  the  hauling  is  done 
with  one  13-ton  and  one  10-ton  locomo- 
tive (the  latter  of  general  electric  manu- 
facture), while  the  coal  is  gathered  with 
two  General  Electric  gathering  locomo- 
tives of  4'  J  tons  each.  In  portions  of  the 
mine  the  coal  is  still  gathered  by  mule 
haulage.  W,  J.  Christ  pher  is  superin- 
tendent of  this  division. 

The  next  operation  is  at  Thomas,  where 
the  upper  Freeport  coal  is  mined  by  drift 
mines  at  tipple  hight  above  the  railroad. 
No.  23  mine  has  been  operated  for  a 
number  of  years  and  has  become  quite 
extensive  in  its  workings;  it  is,  however, 
still  a  good  mine,  producing  1200  tons  of 
coal  per  day  from  a  seam  8'S  ft.  thick, 
and  is  free  from  any  noxious  gases.  Mine 
No.  25  is  directly  opposite  mine  No.  23, 
with  a  drift  opening  slightly  to  the  dip 
in  the  same  seam  of  coal.     Mine  No.  24 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


31 


is  in  this  same  group,  and  is  worked  from 
a  shaft  200  ft.  deep  penetrating  to  the 
Davis  seam  of  lower  Kittanning.  The 
seam  is  divided  horizontally  by  a  rock, 
the  portion  above  the  rock  being  8  ft. 
thick  and  that  below  3  ft.  thick.  The 
rock  serves  the  purpose  of  a  pavement 
and,  therefore,  the  coal  below  it  is  not 
worked  to  any  extent  in  this  mine.  The 
coal  is  of  an  exceptionally  good  quality, 
running  less  than  1  per  cent,  in  sufphur 
and  seldom  over  6  per  cent,  in  ash,  mak- 
ing No.  I  coke  equal  to  the  Connellsville. 
This  group  of  mines  is  operated  entirely 
by  electric  haulage  and  all  pumps  are 
driven  by  alternating-current  motors. 

Electrically  Operated  Coke  Larries 
Are  Used 

The  114  coke  ovens  at  this  plant  are 
served  by  electrically  operated  coke  lar- 
ries,  the  electrical  equipment  of  which  is 
of  General  Electric  manufacture.  The  re- 
sults obtained   with   these   larries,   which 


disappear  entirely  until  a  500-kw.,  600- 
volt,  direct-current  steam  turbo-generator 
was  installed  in  the  Thomas  power  house. 
This  turbine  has  demonstrated  the  par- 
ticular suitability  of  this  type  of  prime 
mover  for  handling  the  enormous  fluctua- 
tions in  load  which  occur  in  mining  work. 
The  normal  current  of  this  machine  at 
full  load  is  833  amp.,  but  the  unit  is 
continually  called  upon  to  handle  varia- 
tions from  0  to  1450  amp.,  which  recur 
sometimes  at  intervals  of  a  minute  or 
less,  when  a  train  is  picking  up  cars  at 
the  far  end  of  the  mine.  The  installa- 
tion of  prime  movers  possessing  suffi- 
cient steadiness  to  stand  up  to  this  se- 
vere, requirement  has  resulted  in  the  en- 
tire disappearance  of  the  former  frequent 
burnouts  of  motor  armatures. 

The  Electrical  Equipment  in  Thomas 
Power  House 

The  electrical  apparatus  in   the   power 
house  at  Thomas  comprises  two  100-kw., 


Two  of  the  20-TON  Tandem  Locomotives  Used  by  Davis  Coal  and  Coke  Company 


run  along  the  top  of  the  ovens  where  the 
heat  is  at  times  excessive  and  where  the 
fumes  from  the  ovens  would  be  injurious 
to  horses  or  mules,  have  been  excellent. 
It  has  also  been  found  that  they  are 
much  quicker  in  operation,  for  the  control 
is  so  much  better  that,  when  about  to  dis- 
charge into  the  oven,  they  can  be  moved 
backward  or  forward  an  inch  at  a  time. 
They  are  used  either  independently  or 
with  trailers  and  offer  a  flexibility  not 
otherwise  obtainable. 

The  electric  equipment  of  the  larries 
has  given  virtually  no  trouble  at  all.  On 
the  other  hand,  as  the  workings  in  these 
mines  have  become  more  and  more  ex- 
tensive, trouble  has  been  experienced 
with  the  haulage  locomotives,  as  the 
length  of  hauls  is  very  great  and  some 
steep  grades  are  necessary.  The  capac- 
ity of  the  trolley  line  was  increased  by 
tht  addition  of  copper  in  order  to  reduce 
the  drop  in  voltage  resulting  when  heavy 
loads  were  started  up  at  the  working 
face,  far  back  in  the  mine,  and  the  track 
bonding  was  also  overhauled  and  rails 
put  in  condition;  but  the  troubles  did  not 


single-phase  alternators  with  tub  trans- 
formers for  town  and  house  lighting;  one 
200-kw.,  three-phase.  60-cycle  alternator 
for  supplying  power  to  motors  operating 
endless  belts  in  the  breaker  and  those 
operating  the  pumps,  of  which  there  are 
four  5-in.  suction  4-in.  discharge,  one  3- 
in.  suction  2)  >-in.  discharge,  one  6-in.  suc- 
tion 5-in.  discharge,  and  one  10-in.  suction 
with  8-in.  discharge.  All  of  these  motors  are 
designed  for  operation  at  550  volts.  The 
direct-current  equipment  consists  of  one 
204-kw.,  600-volt  and  one  136-kw..  600- 
volt  General  Electric  generator.  The  500- 
kw.  Curtis  turbine  provides  current  for 
eight  13-ton  and  one  20-ton  General  Elec- 
tric locomotives,  and  the  coke  larries.  L. 
S.  McDowell  is  superintendent  of  this  di- 
vision. 

In  the  Coketon  division,  one  mile  west 
of  Thomas,  mines  Nos.  35.  36  and  37  are 
operated  in  the  lower  Kittanning  seam. 
This  coal  comes  to  the  surface  at  a  good 
hight  for  tipples  with  drift  openings.  Nos. 
24  and  26  are  operated  in  the  same  group 
on  the  upper  Freeport  seam.  The  mines 
at  Coketon  are  all  equipped  for  electric 


operation  throughout.  Five  14-ton,  two 
13-ton  and  two  10-ton  locomotives,  as 
well  as  four  4' J -ton  gathering  locomotives 
and  two  electrically  operated  coke  larries, 
are  supplied  with  current  from  two  250- 
kw.,  600-volt  generators  of  the  belted 
t\pe.  A  100-kw\  Curtis  turbine  direct- 
current  generator  and  a  300-kw.  Curtis 
turbine  alternator  supply  current  to  this 
mine. 

There  is  also  an  older  General  Elec- 
tric form  "D"  alternator  which  has  seen 
hard  service  for  many  years  and  can 
now  be  used  either  as  additional  power, 
running  in  multiple  with  the  turbines,  or, 
by  simply  dropping  off  the  belt  and  start- 
ing from  the  turbines  as  a  motor,  can  be 
used  as  a  rotary  condenser  for  improving 
the  power  factor  of  the  system. 

Fans  Are  Electrically  Driven 

At  Coketon  there  are  two  pumps  of 
10-in.  suction  8-in.  discharge,  two  of  6- 
in.  suction  5-in.  discharge,  and  two  of 
5-in.  suction  4-in.  discharge.  The  fans  at 
Coketon  are  also  electrically  driven. 
Mines  Nos.  35  and  36  are  connected  with 
mine  No.  34  at  Thomas,  and  No.  35  is 
therefore  ventilated  by  a  split  from  No. 
34,  while  No.  36  is  ventilated  by  a  15- ft. 
Crawford  &  McCrimmon  fan  driven  by 
a  variable-speed  induction  motor.  Mine 
No.  26  is  ventilated  by  a  similar  unit. 

Practically  the  entire  output  of  these 
mines  is  used  for  the  manufacture  of 
coke,  the  remainder  being  shipped  West 
for  smithing  purposes.  There  are  500 
ovens  here  and  all  are  charged  electri- 
cally. The  coal  that  is  shipped  West  for 
smithing  purposes  is  loaded  in  box  cars 
with  box-car  loaders  driven  by  alternat- 
ing-current motors. 

The  power  house  is  further  equipped 
with  two  Norwalk  air  compressors  for 
the  coal-punching  machines.  M.  L.  Gar- 
vey  is  superintendent 

The  next  group  of  mines  at  Weaver, 
Randolph  county,  consists  of  Nos.  1,  2 
and  3  in  the  lower  Kittanning  bed,  which 
here  shows  up  9  ft.  thick  and  provides  an 
excellent  coking  coal.  The  three  mines 
are  operated  by  gravity  rope  haulage 
and  have  235  coke  ovens  W.  W.  Brewer 
is  superintendent  of  this  section. 

The  main  office  of  the  operating  depart- 
ment is  located  at  Thomas,  W.  Va.,  where 
Lee  Ott,  the  general  superintendent,  re- 
sides. Mr.  Ott  has  been  with  the  com- 
pany for  many  years  and  has.  therefore, 
seen  the  company  expand  territorially 
and  make  great  progress  along  technical 
lines.  The  former  of  these  is  a  simple 
process,  but  to  guide  an  undertaking  of 
this  magnitude  in  such  technical  chan- 
nels, that  all  the  best  and  most  improved 
inventions  and  developments  in  the  engi- 
neering world  can  be  made  available  and 
used  without  accumulating  a  huge  scrap 
heap  at  a  large  expense,  is  an  achieve- 
ment which  requires  unusual  foresight 
and  judgment. 


32 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


Comparative    Merits    of    Coal 
Mining    Investments 


By  Floyd  W.  Parsons 


Considerable  money  has  been  made  in 
the  purchase  and  sale  of  coal  lands,  but 
during  recent  years  the  operating  end 
of  coal  mining  has  not  proved  a  very 
profitable  venture.  There  is  no  other 
branch  of  mining  that  has  shown  a  small- 
er margin  of  profit  above  operating  cost 
than  the  production  of  coal,  this  condi- 
tion being  generally  and  properly  as- 
cribed to  the  abundance  of  the  mineral 
and  to  the  lack  of  organization  in  the 
bituminous  industry. 

It  is  interesting  in  this  connection  to 
compare  the  stocks  of  European  coal 
companies  with  similar  securities  in 
American  companies.  The  following  is 
a  representative  list  of  French  coal  in- 
vestments: 

Name  of  C'ompan.v.  Par.      Selling  Price. 

Fr.  Fr. 

Counieres 100  ,3180 

Douchv    200  1110 

Eninac    500  1995 

Escaipille    100  1024 

Gland,    Comhe 250  1413 

Loire    100  271 

Ostrioourt    500  2952 

Saint  Etienne    100  450 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  the  earn- 
ings of  French  coal  companies  are  suffi- 
cient to  justify  a  price  of  from  three  to 
thirty  times  par  for  their  respective  stocks. 

The  Pittsburg  Coal  Company  is  our 
largest  coal  operation  and  is  capitalized 
at  564,000,000.  Since  1905  the  532,000,- 
000  of  7-per  cent,  cumulative  preferred 
stock  has  received  no  dividend.  This  pre- 
ferred stock  is  selling  for  $66  per  share 
while  the  common  stock  sells  for  519 
The  par  value  for  both  classes  of  stock 
is  $100. 

The  New  River  Coal  Company,  the 
largest  operation  in  southern  West  Vir- 
ginia, is  mining  the  highest  grade  coal 
in  the  world,  but  has  been  unable  to  pay 
the  dividends  on  its  preferred  stock.  In 
both  of  these  cases,  which  are  typical, 
the  mining  conditions  are  so  favorable 
that  the  mining  cost  per  ton  is  often  as 
low  as  60c.,  while  SI. 50  would  be  a  cheap 
mining   cost    in    a    European   mine. 

Our  coal  seams  will  be  even  harder  to 
replace  than  our  forests,  and  it  is  un- 
fortunate that  with  the  most  favorable 
natural  conditions,  and  miners  of  the 
highest  efficiency,  our  coal  industry, 
which  is  national  in  its  scope,  is  not  on 
a  sounder  and  more   profitable   basis. 

It  is  altogether  likely  that  the  present 
unprofitable  condition  prevailing  in  the 
coal  industry  will  continue  until  the 
greater  part  of  our  coal  areas  have  been 
brought  under  the  control  of  large  in- 
terests. At  present,  any  individual  or 
company  with  a  few  thousand  dollars 
capital  can  purchase  a  small  coal  tract 
and  develop  a  shipping  mine  on  this  lim- 
ited   capital.      In    this    way    destructive 


competition  has  been  inaugurated,  result- 
ing in  the  elimination  of  all  but  a  scant 
living  profit  for  those  engaged  in  coal 
mining.  It  is  probable  that  the  bitumin- 
ous industry  will  in  time  emerge  from 
this  state  of  semidemoralization  and  be 
founded  on  a  substantial  basis  similar 
to  that  prevailing  in  anthracite  mining. 


Safety  Chambers  in  Coal  Mines  * 


The  question  of  furnishing  mines  with 
safety  chambers  has  given  rise  to  a  pro- 
longed discussion,  but  the  problem  which 
ir  has  sought  to  solve  still  remains  un- 
decided. M.  C.  Marquet,  of  the  French 
Society  of  Engineers  in  a  lecture  which 
he  delivered  on  May  6  summarized  all 
the  experiments  that  have  been  made  in 
this  direction  up  to  the  present. 

The  normal  safety  chamber  as  we 
know,  is  a  gallery  ending  in  a  cul-de-sac. 
The  entrance  to  the  gallery  is  protected 
by  an  air  bag  which  can  be  held  in  place 
by  means  of  compressed  air  at  a  high 
pressure.  In  the  event  of  an  emission  of 
deleterious  gases  by  sudden  displace- 
ments in  the  mine,  it  is,  by  this  means, 
prevented  from  entering  the  safety  cham- 
ber where  the  men  have  taken  refuge. 

In  France  the  safety  chambers  are  very 
little  in  vogue;  while,  on  the  contrary,  in 
Austria  they  are  in  general  use.  In  1908, 
following  the  accident  at  Courrieres  in 
which  several  hundred  miners  lost  their 
lives,  the  Commission  of  Safety  for  Min- 
eral Industries  of  the  Nord  visited  nu- 
merous Austrian  installations,  but  after 
examining  them,  the  commission  asserted 
in  its  report  that  they  were  of  little  utility. 

Testing  the  Utility  of  Safety 
Chambers 

The  Singles  Coal  Company  which  is  at 
present  actively  engaged  in  making  bor- 
ings in  the  northern  part  of  its  concession, 
has  brought  the  practical  utility  of  safety 
chambers  to  the  test  of  an  actual  demon- 
stration. During  the  course  of  its  opera- 
tions, it  has  made  two  excavations  (puits), 
ihe  first  to  a  depth  of  286  m.  From  the 
bottom  of  this  excavation  a  transverse 
cutting  has  been  made  to  a  length  of  330 
m.  At  a  place  in  the  cutting,  about  two- 
thirds  of  its  length  from  the  entrance, 
another  well  or  excavation  has  been  made 
to  a  depth  of  312  m.,  making  the  bottom 
of  this  excavation  in  relation  to  the  sur- 
face 600  m.  in  depth.  The  work  has  been 
carried  out  by  means  of  compressed  air. 
Safety  explosives  were  used  owing  to  the 
gaseous  condition  of  the  various  strata. 

On  .July  26,  after  a  series  of  blasts  had 
been  fired  during  the  morning  shifts,  a 
considerable  quantity  of  carbonic-acid  gas 
was  liberated  through  the  displacements 
of  the  rock.  The  volume  was  so  large 
that  it  filled  the  lower  excavation,  the 
traverse  cutting  and  the  principal  excava- 


•TranslatUm  of  :in   nrlicle  in   Vusmnx,  May 
2S.  1910. 


tion.  The  men  who  were  at  work  in  the 
traverse  cutting  at  the  time,  found  them- 
selves underneath  280  m.  of  carbonic- 
acid  gas.  The  shift  consisted  of  10  men. 
Of  these  five  took  refuge  at  once  in  the 
safety  chamber,  according  to  directions. 
Five  others  had  the  imprudence  not  to- 
seek  refuge  in  the  safety  chamber  until 
their  lights  were  e.xtinguished,  and  it  was 
then  too  late  to  reach  it.  The  five  were 
asphyxiated. 

The  Rules  Were  Disobeyed 
The  working  rules  at  the  time  pre- 
scribed that  no  shots  be  fired  until  alt 
the  men  were  reunited  in  the  safety 
chamber  and  that  the  shot  must  be  fired 
with  electricity  from  the  chamber  itself. 
The  men  neglected  to  adopt  this  precau- 
tion, and  the  consequence  was  that  five 
of  them  lost  their  lives. 

The  role  played  by  the  safety  chamber 
at  Singles  seems  to  have  established  in- 
contestably  that  in  mines  subject  to  in- 
stantaneous emissions  of  poisonous  gases 
through  the  displacement  of  rock  or  coaU 
a  safety  chamber  is  of  great  benefit.  In 
his  report  upon  the  Singles  accident,  the 
engineer  in  control,  M.  Loiret,  declares 
that  the  deduction  is  conclusive  that  the 
safety  chamber  has  a  relative  value  in  the 
preservation  of  life  in  the  mines  and 
should  be  provided  in  collieries  subject  to 
instantaneous  emanations  of  poisonous 
gas.  It  does  not  seem,  he  says,  that  their 
employment  is  to  be  favored  in  mines 
subject  to  firedamp,  for  an  explosion  in  a 
mine  affected  with  firedamp  would  in- 
evitably destroy  the  compressed  air  con- 
duits which  keeps  the  air  sac  in  position, 
but  that  in  the  case  of  an  inert  gas,  like 
that  of  carbonic  gas,  and  particularly 
azote,  these  chambers  should  render  real 
service. 


The  Scranton  Mine-Cave  Problem 


Just  how  seriously  the  city  of  Scran- 
ton, Penn.,  is  threatened  by  a  mine  cave 
will  be  determined  by  a  commission  of 
five  engineers  who  have  offered  their  ser- 
vices gratis.  They  will  base  tlieir  find- 
ings upon  a  report  from  two  other  en- 
gineers who  will  be  engaged  to  make  a 
four  months'  investigation  of  the  city's 
underground  condition.  Eli  T.  Connor, 
consulting  mining  engineer,  Philadelphia, 
and  William  Griffith,  mining  geologist, 
Scranton,  have  been  appointed  as  the 
special  investigators.  Each  of  these  en- 
gineers will  be  paid  $5000.  The  advisory 
committee,  who  are  to  serve  gratis,  are 
John  Hays  Hammond,  D.  W.  Brunton, 
Lewis  B.  Stillwell,  R.  A.  F.  Penrose  and 
W.  A.  Lathrop. 

The  commission  will  devise  remedies 
to  fit  the  conditions  and  it  will  then  be 
up  to  the  city  and  the  school  district  to 
proceed.  The  actual  work  of  safeguard- 
ing the  surface  will  probably  entail  an 
expenditure  of  millions,  and  whether  the 
money  can  he  raised  remains  to  be  seen. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


33 


PERS  O  NAL 


MlDiir^  and  in»^talliii'i:ical  fii;;iin'('rs  ar-i'  in- 
vited to  keep  Thk  KMiiNKKniMi  anu  Minim; 
JouitNAL  informed  of  th''lr  inoveinenls  aii<i 
appointments. 

E.  L.  Dufourcq  has  gone  to  Paris. 

J.  E.  Spurr  is  visiting  Tonopah,  Nevada. 

John  B.  Parish  has  returned  from  a 
Western  trip. 

A.  P.  Rogers  is  going  to  Siberia  on 
dredging  business. 

Pope  Yeatman  will  go  West  about  July 

5,  returning   in   about   three    weeks. 
George  E.  Gunn,  managing  director  of 

the  Inspiration  Copper  Company,  is  vis- 
iting the   East. 

T.  E.  Helmick,  manager  of  the  Quebec 
Mines  and  Metals  Company  at  Beauce- 
ville,  Quebec,  is  in  New  York. 

D.  C.  Bolting,  of  Olympia,  Washington 
State  inspector  of  coal  mines,  has  been 
visiting  Chicago  and  Pittsburg. 

Thomas  D.  Alurphy  has  been  ap- 
ponted  manager  of  El  Favor  mine  at 
Hostotipaquillo,  Jalisco,  Mexico.  . 

Mosco  Vici,  of  Montreal,  will  shortly 
examine  and  report  on  the  Payne  mine, 
in  Slocan  district,  British  Columbia. 

S.  J.  Speak  is  visiting  Australia  and 
the  Far  East  on  business  for  his  firm. 
Hooper,  Speak  &  Feilding,  of  London. 

E.  S.  Mendels,  agent  of  the  New  York 
Curb,  has  sailed  for  Europe  on  a  vacation 
trip,  which  will  last  about  two  months. 

Morton  Webber,  mining  engineer,  of 
New  York,  will  leave  for  Europe  on  July 

6.  He  hopes  to  return  early  in  Septem- 
ber. 

W.  J.  Anderson,  lately  arrived  at  Pop- 
lar Creek,  B.  C.  from  Scotland  to  develop 
a  mining  property  for  a  Scottish  syndi- 
cate. 

S.  F.  Shaw,  general  manager  of  the 
Montezuma  Mines  Company,  of  Costa 
Rica,  has  been  visiting  Los  Angeles,  Cal- 
ifornia. 

W,  Spencer  Hutchinson  has  left  Boston 
for  Mexico,  where  he  will  inspect  the  va- 
rious mines  of  the  Dominion  Syndicate, 
Ltd.,  in  operation. 

J.  H.  Moulton,  recently  at  Gary,  Ind., 
has  been  appointed  blast-furnace  super- 
intendent at  Alabama  City,  Ala.,  for  the 
Southern  Iron  and  Steel  Company. 

Robert  H.  Stewart,  Rossland,  B.  C, 
manager  of  the  Consolidated  Company's 
mines,  has  recovered  from  his  recent 
severe  illness  and  is  at  work  again. 

Oscar  V.  White,  superintendent  of  the 
Slocan  Star  mine,  has  returned  to  San- 
don,  B.  C,  after  having  spent  the  winter 
in  Arizona  and  southern   California. 

Federico  Griesc  has  been  appointed 
manager  for  the  Predilecta  Mines  Com- 
pany, and  also  of  the  Guanacevi  Tunnel 
Company,  both  in  Guanacevi  district, 
Mexico. 


E.  S.  Burrows,  superintendent  of  the 
electric  road  belonging  to  the  Guanajua- 
to Reduction  and  Mines  Company,  fell 
and  broke  his  right  leg  recently,  at  Bus- 
tos,  Mexico. 

Dr.  Walter  O.  Snelling,  chief  chemist 
of  the  Explosives  section  of  the  Tech- 
nologic Branch  of  the  United  States  Geo- 
logical Survey,  left  Seattle,  Wash.,  June 
17  for  Alaska. 

H.  W.  Heidman,  for  10  years  past  with 
the  Granby  company  in  the  Boundary  dis- 
trict, B.  C,  has  resigned  and  will  have 
charge  of  the  Big  Casino  mine  in  the 
Portland  Canal  district. 

Robert  Forrester,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah, 
consulting  engineer  and  geologist  to  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  and  the  Western 
Pacific  railroads,  is  examining  the  oil- 
field around  Sulphur,  Nevada. 

Erskine  Ramsey,  of  Birmingham,  vice- 
president  and  chief  engineer  of  the  Pratt 
Consolidated  Coal  Company,  has  been 
appointed  by  Governor  Comer,  a  member 
of  the  Alabama  State  Mine  Examining 
Board  to  succeed  W.  J.  Brattie,  of  Dora, 
resigned. 

R.  L.  Herrick,  who  has  been  associate 
editor  of  Mines  and  Minerals,  at  Den- 
ver, Colo.,  has  resigned  to  go  into  busi- 
ness at  Lebanon,  Ohio.  Geo.  F.  Duck, 
formerly  a  consulting  mining  engineer 
at  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  has  taken  Mr.  Her- 
rick's  place. 

Edmund  D.  North,  formerly  of  Tono- 
pah, Nev.,  but  for  a  year  past  mining 
engineer  for  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company,  in  Mexico,  fell  dow^n 
a  winze  at  the  Angangueo  mine  on  June 
22,  receiving  injuries  which  were  be- 
lieved to  be  fatal. 

Capt.  J.  E.  Bernier  is  about  to  take 
his  fourth  trip  to  the  Canadian  far  north 
country.  His  instructions  from  the  Can- 
adian government  include  directions  to 
make  a  careful  search  for  coal  and  other 
minerals.  He  will  be  accompanied  by 
two  experienced  members  of  the  Geolog- 
ical  Survey  of  Canada. 

Walter  H.  Derriman,  a  well  known 
electrical  patent  attorney,  has  entered  in- 
to partnership  with  the  firm  of  Dicker 
&  Pollack,  chartered  patent  agents,  of 
37  Furnival  street,  Holborn,  London,  L. 
C,  England,  and  will  personally  con- 
duct their  electrical  patent  work.  The 
name  of  the  firm  has  been  altered  to 
Dicker,  Pollak  &  Derriman. 

P::ilip  S.  Smith  and  H.  M.  Eakin,  both 
of  the  United  Stales  Geological  Survey, 
early  in  June  sailed  from  Seattle  for 
Alaska,  their  intended  route  being  by 
Skagway  and  Whitehorse,  dow^n  the  Yu- 
kon river  to  the  mouth  of  the  Koyukuk. 
then  up  that  river  to  Bergman,  where 
they  will  cross  the  divide  and  reach  the 
Kobuk  river  country,  in  which  various 
mineral  deposits  are  known  to  occur. 

Chas.  E.  Crandall,  retiring  superintend- 
ent of  the  Central  Iron  and  Coal  Com- 


panies coal  mine,  Kellerman,  Ala.,  and 
wife  were  presented  a  beautiful  chest  of 
silver  by  the  employees  of  the  company 
June  20.  The  presentation  speech  was 
made  by  Dr.  Geo.  C.  Merriam.  H.  F. 
Byrd  and  Jas.  Kelly  made  speeches  on 
behalf  of  the  colored  employees.  Mr. 
Crandall  responded  with  a  few  well 
chosen  words,  thanking  the  men  for  their 
hearty  cooperation  and  support  given  him 
a*  all  times. 


+     OB  I  TUA R Y     + 


James  D.  May,  well  known  as  one  of 
the  pioneer  prospectors  and  miners  of 
New^  Mexico,  died  May  15,  at  Albu- 
querque, N.  M.  He  was  the  original 
locator  and  one  of  the  owners  of  the 
Crown  Point  mine  at  Bland,  in  the 
Cochiti  district. 

Lyndon  Hoyt  Stevens  died  suddenly  in 
London,  England,  June  20,  aged  68 
years.  He  was  born  at  Pulaski,  N.  Y., 
and  graduated  from  the  Rensselaer  Poly- 
technic Institute  at  Troy;  he  served  two 
years  in  the  army.  Later  he  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  had 
been  connected  with  the  Batopilas  Min- 
ing Company,  of  Mexico,  for  20  years, 
and  president  for  several  years.  For  six 
months  past  Mr.  Stevens  had  been  in 
Paris  and  London  attending  to  the  or- 
ganization of  the  English  company, 
which  is  to  lease  and  operate  certain 
properties  of  the   Batopilas  company. 

Guy  R.  Johnson  shot  himself  at  his 
home  in  Birmingham,  Ala.,  June  23,  and 
died  a  few  hours  later.  He  was  born 
and  educated  in  Pennsylvania  and 
earned  a  good  reputation  as  a  mining 
engineer.  Nearly  four  years  ago  he 
went  to  Birmingham  and  established 
himself  in  that  city.  Later  he  was  ap- 
pointed vice-president  and  general  man- 
ager of  the  Alabama  Consolidated  Coal 
and  Iron  Company.  He  was  removed 
from  that  position  by  the  board  of  di- 
rectors a  few  months  ago,  and  afterward 
began  a  suit  for  libel  against  J.  R. 
Hoadley,  then  president  of  the  company. 
He  had  recently  opened  an  office  at  Bir- 
mingham as  consulting  engineer. 


^  SOCIETBES^^TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


Pacific  Northwest  Society  of  Engi- 
neers— The  eighth  annual  convention  was 
held  in  Seattle,  Wash.,  June  16  and  17. 
H.  Day  Han  ford  is  the  president.  On 
June  17  a  visit  was  paid  to  the  works 
of  the  Western  Steel  Corporation  at 
Irondale. 

Utah  Society  of  Engineers — The  meet- 
ing at  Salt  Lake,  June  17,  is  the  last 
meeting  until  fall.  Dr.  Fred  J.  Pack, 
head  of  the  department  of  geology  of  the 
University  of  Utah,  addresses  the  meet- 
ing on  "The  Great  Wasatch  Fault  Plane 
and  its  Relation  to  Earthquakes." 


34 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2.  1910^ 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own     Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      lVfar>.y      Important 

^^      Mining     Centers    of     the  'World       ^^ 


San   Francisco 

June  26— The  yield  of  the  oil  wells 
of  the  State  continues  to  increase  large- 
ly. The  latest  reports  make  the  esti- 
mated yield  for  the  month  of  May, 
7,172,502  bbl.  A  few  months  ago  5,000,- 
000  bbl.  was  considered  an  immense  yield 
for  a  month,  yet  it  is  now  claimed  that 
there  is  no  overproduction.  The  daily 
average  for  May  was  231,177  bbl.  and 
consumption  about  190,000  bbl.,  leaving 
a  surplus  of  41,177  bb!.,  fully  accounted 
for  by  the  yield  of  one  well,  the  Lake- 
view  gusher.  Consumption  seems  to  be 
growing  as  well  as  production.  In  May 
the  Coalinga  field  yielded  271,100  bbl., 
Kern  river,  1,140,000;  McKittrick,  452,- 
000;  Midway,  705,000;  and  Maricopa 
district,  1,700,000,  this  giving  a  total  for 
the  San  Joaquin  Valley  fields  of  5,576,- 
679  bbl.  Of  the  Southern  fields,  the 
Salt  Lake-Sherman  produced  in  May, 
271,000  bbl.;  Los  Angeles  City,  38,500; 
Ventura  county,  39,000;  Newhall,  10,- 
645;  Fullerton.  424,139;  and  Whittier- 
Coyotes,  104.939,  a  total  for  the  South- 
ern fields  of  888,223  bbl.  Of  the  Coast 
fields,  Santa  Maria,  Cat  Cation  and  Loni- 
poc  yielded  700,000  bbl.;  Arroyo  Grande, 
600;  Watsonville,  1000;  and  Summer- 
land,  6000,  the  total  for  Coast  fields  be- 
ing 707,600  bbl.  The  big  Lakeview  gush- 
er, after  running  96  days,  has  produced 
approximately  5.000,000  bbl.  of  oil  and 
still  continues  yielding  from  47,000  to 
50,000  bbl.  daily.  The  value  of  the  out- 
put so  far  is  estimated  at  $5,000,000. 
The  large  production  of  the  State  is  re- 
quiring much  new  tankage  and  new  pipe 
lines,  but  the  yield  is  so  steady  that  con- 
tracts can  now  be  made  for  long  futures. 


transportation    of    ore    to    its    portal    at 
Idaho  Springs,  remains  to  be  seen. 

The  Cripple  Creek  deep-drainage  tun- 
nel is  a  cooperative  enterprise,  and  is 
built  by  subscription  from  the  big  mines 
of  the  district,  and  will  probably  be 
used  for  drainage  purposes  only.  It  will 
be  about  three  miles  in  length,  and  will 
render  available  without  pumping  about 
the  same  amount  of  virgin  ground  as  the 
Newhouse,  and  owing  to  the  fact  that 
many  of  the  biggest  mines  have  latterly 
been  producing  rich  ore  from  the  lowest 
depths  yet  attained,  the  completion  of 
the  Roosevelt  tunnel  will  cause  a  great 
revival  in  this  phenomenal  camp. 

It  may  be  noted  in  connection  with 
this  class  of  work  that  while  none  of  the 
rock-boring  machines  for  driving  tun- 
nels without  e.xplosives  have  yet  been 
proved  a  success,  the  old  methods  with 
machine  drills  and  explosives  have  greatly 
improved,  for  while  five  years  ago  an 
8x9-ft.  heading  making  a  continuous  av- 
erage of  10  ft.  per  day  was  considered 
a  great  achievement,  14  ft.  per  diem  is 
now  not  considered  anything  extraordi- 
nary. "If  you  can  put  in  a  round  of 
holes,  say,  for  instance,  four  or  five  feet 
deep  in  granite,  and  then  blow  it  out  at 
one  shot,  why  employ  unwieldy  and  enor- 
mously expensive  machinery  to  take  it 
out  bit  by  bit?"  seems  to  be  a  query 
that  is  taking  fast  hold  in  the  minds  of 
technical  engineers.  Of  course,  the  lat- 
ter may  come,  but  it  is  here  not  yet. 


Denver 

]une  27 — The  two  great  tunnels  of  the 
State  are  nearing  completion.  The  New- 
house  tunnel,  of  Gilpin  and  Clear  Creek 
countries,  has  been  driven  22,000  ft., 
and  the  breast  is  now  near  the  Gunnell 
vein.  This  property,  which  was  in  the 
early  day  the  biggest  mine  in  the  district, 
lately  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  New- 
house  Tunnel  Company,  or  at  any  rate 
one  of  the  largest  shareholders,  and  it 
is  probable  that  this  will  be  the  terminus 
of  the  big  tunnel.  This  is  a  transporta- 
tion and  drainage  tunnel,  and  built  by 
subscription  to  the  shares.  It  will  drain 
the  mines  of  this  district,  which  is  credited 
with  a  production  of  $2,000,000  per  an- 
num for  40  years,  for  an  average  depth 
of  about  700  ft.  below  the  old  workings. 
Whether  it  will  be  used  largely  for  the 


Butte 


]une  28 — Manager  Gillie,  of  Amalga- 
mated, says  there  is  no  foundation  for 
the  rumor  of  production  curtailment. 
Company's  smelters  at  Great  Falls  and 
Anaconda  were  operating  at  full  capacity 
before  purchase  of  Clark  properties  and 
with  the  addition  of  Clark  ores  for  treat- 
ment some  reduction  in  output  of  other 
mines  was  necessitated  to  make  room  for 
Clark  ores.  This  is  the  only  foundation 
for  rumor  of  curtailment  at  Butte. 

In  spite  of  this  technical  denial,  how- 
ever, there  is  in  effect  to  be  a  curtailment 
of  the  Butte  output  to  the  extent  of  5  to 
7  per  cent.,  inasmuch  as  the  Clark  smelt- 
ing works  is  going  out  of  commission, 
reducing  the  Butte  production  of  copper 
by  about   18,000.000  lb.  per  annum. 

The  effect  on  the  city  and  on 
local  business  of  the  consolidation  at 
Butte,  which  in  effect  makes  it  a  one-com- 
pany camp,  is  feared  by  those  interested. 
It  is  reported  that  a  number  of  the  stores 
have  been  shut  up.  hundreds  of  houses 


are  to  let  and  there  is  a  general  air  of 
despondency  throughout  the  entire  dis- 
trict. This  condition  of  affairs  is  partly 
attributable  to  the  low  price  of  copper, 
which  has  shut  down  many  of  the  smaller 
properties  in  and  around  Butte,  but  the 
combination  of  all  the  Amalgamated  prop- 
erties is  working  toward  retrenchment  irt 
operating,  resulting  not  only  in  the  lay- 
ing off  of  many  of  the  miners  but  of  a 
number  of  higher  salaried  men  as  well. 

Stockholders  of  the  Butte  &  Su- 
perior Company  have  received  notice 
of  a  meeting  late  in  July  in  Duluth.  for 
the  purpose  of  adopting  some  plan  for 
the  refinancing  of  the  company.  The 
proposition  laid  before  the  stockholders 
follows:  The  present  capitalization  of 
1,200,000  shares  of  the  par  value  of  S5 
to  be  reduced  to  250,000  shares  of  the 
par  value  of  .$10,  one  new  share  to  be 
issued  in  exchange  for  ten  old  shares. 
A  $1,000,000  bond  issue  drawing  6  per 
cent,  interest  and  payable  in  six  years 
will  be  authorized.  When  the  new  bond 
issue  has  been  floated  it  is  expected  that 
$500,000  will  be  left  in  the  treasury  af- 
ter payment  of  all  debts.  The  new  milt 
on  the  property  will  then  be  completed 
and  the  company  will  be  ready  to  treat 
between  800  and  1000  tons  dailv. 


Salt  Lake  City 

June  26— The  Utah  Ore  Shippers' 
Agency  has  recently  been  formed,  and 
is  now  operating  in  Salt  Lake  City.  The 
purpose  of  the  organization  is  to  look 
after  the  interests  of  the  shipper  on  ore 
consignments  to  the  local  market,  and  to 
provide  care  and  inspection  in  the  matter 
of  weight,  moistures,  assays,  etc.  The 
agency  has  an  experienced  man  at  each 
sampler  who  gives  constant  supervision 
to  all  consignments  from  the  time  they 
are  received  to  the  delivery  of  the  pulp 
to  the  assayer.  An  office  is  maintained 
to  check  assays  and  settlements  and  to 
give  general  information  regarding  rates 
and  market  conditions.  The  officers  and 
directors  are:  David  Taylor,  president; 
R.  B.  Silverman,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
E.  C.  Lackner,  and  S.  R.  Neel. 

Progress  is  being  made  in  the  driving 
of  the  Snake  Creek  tunnel,  which  is  now 
in  a  distance  of  nearly  500  ft.  A  35-h.p. 
gasolene  locomotive,  made  by  the  Mil- 
waukee Locomotive  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, has  been  order  by  Free  &  Taylor, 
!o  be  used  for  haulage  purpose  in  the 
tunnel.  Contractors  are  figuring  for 
supplying  and  placing  the  air  pipe.  The 
pipe  laying  will  extend  through  a  period 


July 


1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


35 


of  three  years,  and  the  bids  call  for  the 
placing  of  so  much  piping  per  month, 
provided  the  progress  on  the  tunnel  it- 
self is  not  delayed. 

A  No.  5  Roots  blower  of  3000  cu.ft. 
free-air  capacity,  which  is  driven  by  a 
35-h.p.  General  Electric  motor,  has  been 
installed.  Up  to  the  present  time  little 
bad  ground  has  been  encountered  and  no 
timbering  whatever  has  been  used.  All 
equipment  and  machinery  is  in  smooth 
running  order,  and  no  difficulty  is  antici- 
pated in  maintaining  the  requirements  of 
the  contract  for  upward  of  300  ft.  per 
month.  The  tunnel  will  be  of  interest  in 
cutting  the  lower  limestone  series  of  the 
Park  City  formation,  which  lie  below  the 
Ontario  quartzite,  as  relatively  little  is 
known   about   this   ground. 

The  taking  of  testimony  in  the  case  of 
the  Silver  King  Consolidated  vs.  the  Sil- 
ver King  Coalition  was  concluded  June 
II.  The  court  set  Sept  19  for  the  sub- 
mission of  briefs  and  the  final  summing 
up  of  the  case  before  Judge  John  A.  Mar- 
shall. 


Goldfield 
June  26 — Mining  activity  throughout 
the  Goldfield  district  appears  to  be 
steadily  on  the  increase.  The  Con- 
solidated and  Florence  companies  are,  of 
course,  constantly  operating.  A  week  ago 
the  Combination  Fraction  started  milling 
and  the  condition  of  the  mine  warrants 
the  assumption  of  continuous  production. 
Operations  have  lately  been  resumed  by 
the  C.  O.  D.  company,  and  several  new 
leasers  have  begun  work.  Aside  from 
company  operations  there  are  32  active 
leases.  7  of  them  producing.  Work  is 
being  carried  on  in  every  part  of  the 
district  and  at  almost  every  depth  from 
100  to  1500  ft.  With  so  much  develop- 
ment under  way  the  ore  should  be  dis- 
covered sooner  or  later  if  it  is  there.  Of 
three  leases  on  Merger  ground  one  is  a 
steady  producer  with  improving  prospects 
with  depth.  The  Sandstorm-Kendall 
merger  is  being  worked  out  and  develop- 
ment will  commence  shortly.  Three  miles 
west  of  the  "proven"  zone  the  Nevada 
Eagles  is  extracting  shipping  ore  and  the 
Nevada  Victor  is  sinking  in  the  same 
locality.  To  the  south  the  Pittsburg  and 
Frances  groups  are  soon  to  be  more 
thoroughly  prospected  and  north  of  Gold- 
field  the  Daisy,  Belmont,  and  Great  Bend, 
with  two  leases  each,  are  scenes  of  con- 
stant activity. 


Birmingham,  Ala. 
June  27 — Dr.  David  T.  Day,  of  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  after  visiting 
the  Louisiana  oilfields,  stopped  over  in 
the  Birmingham  district  recently,  looking 
at  the  new  Fayette  county  natural  gas- 
field.  He  will  make  a  report  to  the 
survey  upon  his  return.  Much  drilling 
is  now  going  on  in  the  western  part  of 
Alabama  for  oil. 


Negotiations  are  on  for  the  purchase 
of  a  large  tract  of  brown-ore  land  in 
Cherokee  county,  and  the  belief  is  ex- 
pressed that  before  long  there  will  be  ac- 
tive  operations   there. 

Reports  have  it  that  organizations  are 
being  perfected  for  the  construction' of 
a  railroad  16  miles  in  length,  direct  from 
the  coal-mining  center  to  the  Warrior 
river,  which  is  navigable  to  the  Gulf, 
thereby  giving  a  closer  water  connection 
for  the  Birmingham  district. 

.At  Crudup,  near  Gadsden,  in  the  mines 
of  the  Southern  Iron  and  Steel  Company, 
diamond  drills  have  struck  a  second  vein 
of  red  ore,  below  the  vein  now  being 
worked.  So  far  as  proved,  the  vein  is 
over  4  ft.  thick. 

Charles  E.  Crandall,  who  has  just  re- 
tired from  the  position  of  superintendent 
of  the  Central  Iron  and  Coal  Company, 
originally  located  the  mines  and  sold  to 
the  company  a  tract  of  several  thousand 
acres  of  the  best  coal  land  in  the  State. 
After  the  organization  of  the  company  in 
1901,  Mr.  Crandall  was  made  superin- 
tendent of  the  Kellerman  division.  He 
opened  the  mine  in  April,  1901,  and  has 
developed  and  managed  it  since  that  time. 
The  Kellerman  mine  has  a  larger  output 
than  any  other  single-entry  mine  in  the 
United  States,  having  run  over  IfiOO  tons 
in  a  single  day  over  one  tipple.  At  the 
present  date,  98  per  cent,  of  the  devel- 
oped coal  will  be  recovered.  The  State 
mine  inspector  says  that  it  is  a  model  mine. 


Cobalt 

June  26 — Ten  Cobalt  mines  have  de- 
clared dividends  amounting  to  51,710.925 
payable  between  June  15  and  Aug.  15. 
Several  annual  reports  have  lately  been 
issued  that  show  gratifying  results,  the 
one  of  chief  interest  being  that  of  the 
La  Rose  company.  The  action  of  the  di- 
rectors last  year  in  cutting  the  quarterly 
dividend  from  4  to  2  per  cent,  was  the 
hardest  blow  that  the  Cobalt  camp  had 
received  since  the  Nipissing  fiasco.  For 
the  year  ended  May  31  the  La  Rose  pro- 
duction is  given  as  3,150,000  oz.,  and  as 
dividends  are  now  being  paid  at  the  rate 
of  SGOO.OOO  per  year,  this  will  give  a 
much  strengthened  treasury  reserve.  The 
more  optimistic  feeling  which  now  pre- 
vails regarding  the  property  is  aslo  at- 
tributable to  the  improved  physical  con- 
dition of  the  various  workings.  Excellent 
results  are  being  obtained  at  the  Lawson 
and  the  Princess  is  becoming  a  steady 
producer. 

The  report  of  the  Buffalo  also  shows  a 
general  increase  in  production,  profits, 
dividends  and  ore  reserves.  During  the 
year  33,708  tons  of  ore  averaging  40  oz., 
were  treated  in  the  concentrator  and 
cyanide  plant,  and  an  extraction  of  82.67 
per  cent,  was  made.  The  cyanide  plant 
produced  54,479  oz.,  while  the  combined 
total  production  for  the  year  was  1,491,- 
750  oz.     The  increase  in  dividends  over 


the  past  year  was  5142,000,  and  there 
has  also  been  a  big  increase  in  ore  re- 
serves. 

The  management  of  the  Reeves-Dobie 
property  in  Gowganda  has  decided  to  in- 
stall a  small  mill  to  treat  the  lower-grade 
ores.  Freight  rates  from  this  district  to 
the  smelteries  are  so  high  that  it  is  prac- 
tically impossible  to  ship  medium-  and 
low-grade  ore  at  a  profit,  and  as  there 
seems  lo  be  no  chance  of  a  railroad  being 
built,  the  only  other  alternative  is  to  put 
up  concentrators.  The  machinery  for 
these  will  have  to  be  taken  in  during  the 
winter,  when  transportation  will  be  bet- 
ter and   freighting  charges  less. 

Several  good  discoveries  of  silver  have 
lately  been  made  on  the  Quebec  side, 
particularly  in  the  township  of  Fabre. 
The  formation  is  largely  Keewatin  and 
diabase,  and  the  best  veins  have  gener- 
ally been  found  at  or  near  the  contacts- 
This  county  has  been  coming  more  intO' 
prominence  since  the  change  in  the 
Quebec  mining  laws,  and  it  is  worthy  of 
serious  consideration. 


Toronto 

June  26 — The  Cobalt  "high-grading" 
cases,  which  have  been  before  the  courts 
for  some  time,  were  decided  June  22, 
when  Judge  Winchester  passed  sentence 
on  several  convicted  of  illegal  sales  of 
ore,  the  charges  of  theft  being  with- 
drawn. These  prosecutions  were  under 
the  old  law,  which  was  extremely  lax. 
Since  the  enactment  of  more  stringent 
provisions,  future  offenders  will  not  get 
off  so  easily. 

A  merger  of  the  four  larger  natural- 
gas  companies  operating  in  southwestern 
Ontario,  the  Volcanic  Oil  Gas  Company, 
Chatham,  the  United  Fuel  Supply  Com- 
pany, Sarnia,  the  Northen  Pipe  Line 
Company,  and  the  Leamington  Oil  and 
Gas  Company,  is  being  negotiated,  with 
the  object  of  securing  control  of  the  en- 
tire field.  The  movement  is  being  pro- 
moted by  a  British  syndicate  and.  if  suc- 
cessful, the  new  company  will  be  capital- 
ized at  $5,000,000  and  the  pipe  line  will 
be  extended  to  London,  Ontario. 

The  first  ore  shipment  by  way  of  the 
Montreal  river  was  made  last  week,  con- 
sisting of  800  sacks  of  second-grade  ma- 
terial sent  out  by  the  Millerett  Silver 
Mining  Company,  of  Gowganda.  The 
freight  was  52.05  per  100  lb.  Should  it 
be  found  sufficiently  economical  to  ship 
by  this  route,  consignments  will  be  for- 
warded by  a  number  of  Gowganda  and 
Elk  Lake  properties. 


Mexico 
June  25 — Announcement  is  made  that 
the  National  Railways  has  secured 
control  of  the  Pan-American  rail- 
road recently  acquired  by  David  E. 
Thompson  and  that  the  Tehauntepec  Na- 
tional and  the  Ve.^-a  Cruz  and  Pacific 
lines  will  also  be  acquired  by  the  Gov- 
ernment merger. 


36 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X     X 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property- 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining' 


^-^-.<y^ 


Alaska 
A  10-stamp  mill  Is  to  be  ej-ected  at 
Chena,  Fairbanks  district.  This  is  a  co- 
operative enterprise  to  finance  whicn 
claimholders  are  being  assisted  by  com- 
mercial companies  interested.  Individ- 
ual claimholders  will  be  enabled  to  test 
the  ore  of  their  quartz  claims  in  devel- 
opment. A.  Cunningham  has  been  en- 
gaged to  put  up  the  mill  and  operate  it 
for  a  year. 


Alabama 

The  various  safety  appliances  in  the 
'coal  mines  of  the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron 
and  Railroad  Company — which  were  de- 
scribed by  E.  H.  Coxe  in  an  article  in 
the  Journal  of  June  4 — have  been  in- 
spected by  a  party  from  other  coal-mining 
operations  of  the  United  States  Steel  Cor- 
poration. The  party  consisted  of  Edward 
O'Toole.  general  superintendent,  and  H. 
jM.  Eavenson,  chief  engineer,  of  the  United 
States  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Gary. 
W.  V'a.;  F.  P.  K.  Miller,  chief  engineer, 
and  .\ustin  King,  chief  mine  inspector, 
of  the  H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Compan\-,  Scott- 
dale,  Penn.  They  passed  10  days  at  the 
mines  in  the  Birmingham  district,  and 
on  their  way  north  will  stop  to  inspect  the 
mines  oat  Whitwell,  Tenn..  also  owned  by 
the  Tennessee  company. 

Arizona 

GiLA  County 

Warrior — Drill  hole  D,  on  the  Mobile 
claim,  1000  ft.  southeast  of  the  under- 
ground workings  of  the  mine,  has  been 
sunk  115  ft.  and  is  still  in  the  capping  of 
impure  schist.  Stoping  on  the  western 
portion  of  the  property,  on  and  above  the 
300-ft.  level,  is  being  done  for  300  ft.  The 
property  is  still  shipping  100  tons  of  10 
per  cent,  ore  daily.  Beginning  July  1,  it 
will  discontinue  shipments  to  the  El  Paso 
smeltery  and  have  its  ores  reduced  at  the 
Old  Dominion  plant. 

Miami — At  present,  this  property  has 
15  working  faces.  One  thousand  feet  were 
driven  during  the  week  ended  June  18.  At 
present,  the  420-ft.  and  570-ft.  levels, 
which  will  be  the  main  haulage  levels  of 
the  mine,  and  all  levels  and  sub-levels  be- 
tween the  420-  and  245- ft.  levels  are  being 
worked  to  some  extent,  although  the  bulk 
of  the  work  is  being  done  in  the  north- 
western portion  of  the  mine,  much  of  it 
on  the  St.  Johns-Red  Rock  claim.  At 
this  point,  the  first  actual  extraction  of 
ore  will  occur  when  production  begins. 
Blocking  out  at  this  point  has  revealed  a 
greater  body  of  ore  than  the  original  esti- 
mate of  120,000  tons.     It  was  at  first  sup- 


posed to  be  a  tip  of  the  orsbody  at  that 
place,  but  is  now  known  to  contain  no 
less  than  560.000  tons,  enough  to  supply 
the  concentrator  at  the  rate  of  2000  tons 
daily  (as  planned)  for  280  days.  On  the 
370- ft.  level,  a  drift  is  being  driven  north- 
west from  shaft  No.  4  (the  main  working 
shaft)  toward  the  Captain  claim.  This 
drift  west  for  525  ft.  from  the  shaft  was 
in  the  orebody,  entering  at  that  point  the 
Schulze  granite.  At  1000  ft.,  the  drift 
was  turned  northward,  still  in  granite.  At 
220  ft.  in  this  direction,  it  again  entered 
the  orebody,  which  has  been  penetrated 
40  ft.  to  the  present  face.  The  ore  aver- 
ages about  3  per  cent,  copper  at  the 
breast. 

Mohave  County 

Keystone — This  mine  has  made  a  high- 
grade  silver  strike  on  the  150-ft.  level 
west. 

Pinal  County 

Ray   Central — The   company    has   won 
in  its  suit  against  a  town-site  syndicate. 
Yavapai  County 

United  Verde  Extension — The  devel- 
opments on  the  recently  disclosed  ore- 
body  continue  favorable. 


Arl'ansas 
Helena  Zinc  Mining  Company — This 
company  has  been  organized  at  Helena, 
Mont,,  to  operate  in  the  Buffalo  moun- 
tains, Marion  county.  The  same  interests 
have  the  Yellow  Jacket  mine  in  this  dis- 
trict, of  which  James  McCarty  is  man- 
ager. 


California 

Amador  County 
South    Eureka — At    this    mine    under- 
ground   operations    will   stop    about    the 
first  of  August  and   work  of  straighten- 
ing the  shaft  will  begin. 

Butte  County 

By  confirmation  of  administrator's  sale, 
R.  M.  Green,  of  Oroville,  has  come  into 
possession  of  the  O'Reilly  land  near 
Forbestown,  and  will  now  develop  the 
quartz  veins. 

Wild  Yankee — This  mine,  near  Inskip, 
will  be  reopened  and  developed  by  Chico 
capitalists.  ' 

Eldorado  County 

Bright  Hope — Julius  N.  Lawton,  of 
Stockton,  Cal.,  has  bonded  this  mine  near 
Georgetown  and  is  building  a  5-stamp 
mill  for  prospecting. 

Red  Horse— Pottle  &  Blake,  of  Deer 
Valley,  are  mortaring  rich  quartz  from 
this  mine  and  plan  a  small  mill. 


Kern  County 
Golden  Jackrabbit— George  W.  Hull, 
of  Jerome,  Ariz..  J.  B.  Ferris  and  others 
have  purchased  a  70-ton  mill  for  the 
Ocher  mine,  8  miles  east  of  Caliente,  and 
are  also  installing  electric  drills;  other 
improvements  are  being  made  toward  the 
property  on  an  extensive  scale. 

Modoc  County 
Consolidated — Some    very    high-grade 
ore    has    been    developed    lately    in    this 
mine  in  Hoag  district. 

Mono  County 
Casa  Diablo~.\  gold  brick  worth  $2700 
represents   the   first   25  days'  milling  of 
this    mine,    the    days    being   eight    hours 
each. 

Nevada  County 
Wisconsin^-'WoTk  of  installing  machin- 
ery and  putting  up  buildings  at  this  mine, 
Washington,  has  commenced  under  sup- 
ervision of  Frederick  Medlin. 

Pawning — This  Grass  valley  mine 
under  bond  to  C.  D.  Tregonning  is  yield- 
ing good  ore.  It  is  expected  that  a  com- 
pany will  soon  be  organized  to  work 
the  property  on  a  large  scale. 

Last  Chance — In  this  mine,  Washing- 
ton district,  the  outlook  is  good.  The 
property  has  a  10-stamp  mill  and  other 
machinery. 

Erie  Consolidated — The  Erie  lode  has 
been  cut  on  the  500- ft.  level.  It  is  12 
ft.  thick  and  yields  good  concentrating 
ore  for  which  a  mill  will  be  installed. 

Red  Ledge — Specimen  rock  is  being 
taken  from  this  mine,  at  Washington, 
owned  by  Williamson  Brothers  and  Clyde 
Cole. 

Placer  County 
Red  Bird — George  A.  Tubb,  owner  of 
this  mine,   is  interesting  capitalists  in  it 
and  expects  to  erect  a  mill. 

Plu.mas  County 
Joseph  Young,  of  San  Francisco,  and 
H.  J.  Langhorst,  of  Quincy,  have  ob- 
tained a  bond  on  a  new  vein  four  miles 
south  of  Sloat  station  on  the  Western 
Pacific  and  are  preparing  to  do  extensive 
development. 

Shasta  County 

Gold  King — This  mine,  on  Mule  moun- 
tain, has  again  commenced  to  ship  to  the 
smelteries. 

Mammoth — The  bag  house  went  into 
commission  July  1.  This  is  in  conform- 
ity with  the  agreement  with  the  farmers' 
association.      The    bag    house    contains 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


37 


3000  bags  and  will  handle  all  the  gases 
from  the  blast  furnaces  and  the  con- 
verter. 

Sierra  County 

Kale  Hardy — This  mine  at  Forest  con- 
tinues to  produce  bonanza  ore. 

Slug  Canon — Strikers  of  rich  ore  on 
two  claims  in  this  canon  near  Downie- 
ville  have  just  been  made.  These  claims 
are  on  the  same  serpentine  contact  as 
that  on  which  are  located  some  of  the 
best  mines  at  Allephany  and  Forest,  six 
and  nine  miles  south  of  Downieville,  and 
Sailor  ravine  four  miles  north. 

Ladies  Canon  —  Lee  Brothers,  on  their 
claim  in  this  canon  near  Sierra  City,  have 
taken  out  between  S40,000  and  $50,000 
worth  of  rich  ore  since  June  1. 

Tightner — H.  L.  Johnson  has  refused 
$20,000  cash  as  a  bonus  on  an  option  for 
30  days.  The  option  price  oflered  was 
$2,500,000  and  was  from  German  cap- 
italists. The  vein  in  the  mine  700  ft. 
below  the  old  workings  is  about  8  ft. 
wide  and  shows  gold  from  the  hanging 
to  the  footwall. 

Rose  Quartz — In  this  mine  near  Gib- 
sonville,  they  are  finding  high-grade  ore 
which  is  shipped  by  express. 

Sovereign — This  company  near  Downie- 
ville is  running  a  I600-ft.  tunnel  to  tap  a 
known  shoot  of  good  ore. 

Siskiyou  County 

Victor — The  mill  at  this  mine  at  Horn- 
brook  is  being  enlarged  and  excellent 
milling  ore  is  being  produced. 

Siskiyou  Syndicate — This  company,  I. 
J.  Luce,  president,  is  working  the  Blue 
Jeans  and  Cub  Bear  groups  near  Etna 
and  getting  good  results. 

Mount  Vernon — This  property  near 
Yreka  has  been  leased  to  H.  L.  Wollen- 
burg,  of  Berkeley.  A  new  electric  hoist 
and  a  compressor  have  been  put  in. 

Zarina — This  company  at  Etna,  which 
recently  ceased  operations  for  lack  of 
funds,  is  about  to  start  up  again  with 
H.  M.  Sevenman  manager. 

Tuolumne  County 
Karnac — .Arrangements  have  been  made 
to  build  a  mill  on  this  mine  near  James- 
town.     A    gasolene    engine    will    provide 
power. 

Tiger — A.  G.  AlcAlIister  and  J.  B. 
Oneto  have  a  lease  on  this  claim  and 
are  taking  out  good  ore. 

Colorado 

Plans  now  being  worked  out  by  Frank- 
lin Guitemian,  of  the  American  Smelting 
and  Refining  Company,  as  chairman  of 
the  mining  committee  of  the  Denver 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  are  expected  to 
result  in  a  general  revival  of  mining  in 
many  old  districts  of  Colorado.  The 
mining  committee  of  the  Chamber  has 
just  been  organized  and  Mr.  Guiterman 
announced    on    being    chosen    chairman 


that  he  woyld  make  every  effort  to  build 
up  the  mining  industry  of  the  State 
through  the  committee.  Representatives 
will  be  sent  to  the  various  camps  of  the 
State  to  learn  how  the  low-grade  ores  are 
being  treated,  and  an  effort  will  be  made 
to  make  use  of  much  of  the  ore  that  is 
now  thrown  aside  because  of  the  small 
amount  of  mineral  in  it.  Other  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  are  Thomas  F. 
Wilkinson,  H.  A.  Lowe,  W.  W.  Love,  Jr., 
and  Walter  G.  Byrlingame. 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 

Seven-Thirty — A  strike  of  8  to  12  in. 
of  smelting  ore  is  reported  by  lessees 
working  under  the  rich  Schauer  stope  in 
this  property.  The  ore  yielded  340  oz. 
silver  and   15  per  cent.   lead. 

Running  Lode — The  Porter  mill  build- 
ing has  been  leased  by  Denver  parties, 
and  machinery  has  been  installed  to  treat 
ore  from  the  Running  Lode  dump,  leased 
by   the    same    people. 

Ibex — The  Allan.  Clemens  &  Cro- 
combe  lease  is  still  producing  high-grade 
gold  ore. 

Bald  Mountain  A  drill  with  a  capa- 
city of  2500  ft.  has  been  installed  on  this 
property,  at  the  head  of  California  gulch. 

Federal  Mining  and  Milling  Company — 
This  company  has  acquired  the  Pewabic, 
Russel  and  Homcstake  properties  in  Gil- 
pin county. 

Honest  John — This  Chicago  Creek 
tunnel  is  in  2200  ft.  The  Marysville  vein 
will  be  cut  in  150  feet. 

Conqueror — Excavating  is  under  way 
for  the  100-ton  concentrating,  amalga- 
mating and  cyaniding  mill  to  treat  the 
ores  of  this  Cordove  mountain  mine. 

Pewabic — C.  Niccum,  of  Black  Hawk, 
has  leased  the  dumps  of  this  old  mine 
and  expects  to  make  shipments  of  four 
or  five  cars  per  week. 

Vidler — Charles  Fuller  has  taken  a 
contract  to  complete  this  tunnel,  driving 
300  ft.  a  month.  The  Montezuma  & 
Western  railroad  is  financing  the  w^ork. 
Electric  power  will  be  used.  The  bore 
is  10x20  ft.  in  the  clear  and  will  be 
used  for  transportation  purposes,  main- 
ly affording  an  outlet  for  the  Monte- 
zuma district. 

Gunnison   County 

United  Colorado — Additional  concen- 
tration machinery  and  a  cyanide  plant 
will  be  installed.  Electric  power  is  used. 
About  $900,000  has  been  spent  on  devel- 
opment. Edward  L.  Dufourcq,  of  New 
York,  is  consulting  engineer. 

San  Juan   District 
Lewis — This    mine,    owned    by    Liver- 
more  &  Wells,  has  contracted   for  a   100- 
ton  concentrating  mill. 

Summit   County 
Three  dredges  are  at  work  at  Breck- 
enridge. 


Quail — Tlie  property  at  Montezuma 
will  install  power  drills.  B.  F.  Ames  is 
superintendent. 

Kimberly-Wilfley — Men  are  at  work 
cleaning  out  this  property  preparatory-  to 
resumption.  The  mill  is  nearly  com- 
pleted. The  old  company  has  been  re- 
organizing its  finances. 

Teller  County— Cripple  Creek 
Pharmacist — Ward  &  Hill,  lessees,  are 
producing  from  75  to  90  tons  per  week 
of  ore,  yielding  $23  per  ton. 

Home — A  strike  of  rich  ore  is  reported 
as  having  been  made  by  lessees  on  this 
Beacon  Hill  mine,  at  450-ft.,  the  ore  as- 
saying  7   oz.   per  ton. 

Abe  Lincoln — A  two-car  shipment 
from  this  Poverty  Gulch  mine  has  just 
been  made  by  W.  J.  Hill,  lessee.  The 
ore  comes  from  a  4-ft.  vein  in  the  low- 
est level.  The  gold  occurs  as  sylvanite 
and  assays  5  oz.  per  ton. 

Fluorine — Ore  mined  from  the  surface 
deposit  of  this  mine  is  being  milled  suc- 
cessfully, it  is  said,  at  the  rate  of  75  tons 
per   day,   at   the    Copper   Mountain   mil!. 

Black  Diamond — Lessees  operating 
this  property  on  Tenderfoot  hill,  north  of 
the  El  Paso-Gold  King,  are  reported  to 
have  discovered  a  body  of  good  ore  at 
265  feet. 

Stratton's  Independence  —  Richard 
Sampson,  lessee,  has  opened  up  ore  in 
the  old  tennis  court  near  the  Portland 
boundary  line,  and  S40  ore  is  being 
shipped  from  an  opencut  on  the  vein. 

Blue  Bird — It  has  been  decided  to 
lease  this  mine  from  the  700-ft.  level 
upward  to  the  surface,  and  A.  Pearce, 
the  new  superintendent,  is  at  work  samp- 
ling this  portion  of  the  mine.  From  the 
700-ft.  level  to  the  bottom  level,  1350 
ft.,  the  mine  will  continue  to  be  worked 
on  company  account. 

Hoosicr — Hill  &  Russell  have  taken  a 
lease  on  this  Tenderfoot  Hill  mine  and 
work  will  be  commenced.  The  mine  is 
owned  by  the  Grafton  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany and  is  credited  with  a  production  of 
?;350,000. 

Golden  Cycle — Negotiations  for  the 
sale  of  this  mine  have  been  renewed. 


Idaho 

CoLUR  d'Alene  District 
Reindeer — Several  cars  of  copper  ore 
are  ready  to  go  to  the  smeltery  as  soon 
as  the  wagon  road  is  finished,  which  wil'. 
be  about  July  4.  The  ore  was  concen- 
trated by  hand  jigs  but  other  methods  will 
be  used  when  the  road  pennits  machinen.* 
to  be  taken  to  the  mine. 

Success — The  Success  zinc  mine  has 
been  inspected  by  the  Mayo-Sachs  com- 
pany, of  Butte,  and  by  Senator  W.  A. 
Clark  with  a  view  of  purchase.  H.  F. 
Samuels,  the  principal  owner,  has  re- 
fused to  accept  the  price  offered. 


38 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2.  1910. 


Federal — The  new  sorting  plant  of  800 
tons  capacity  at  Mace  has  been  put  in 
operation,  replacing  the  one  destroyed 
by  fire  last  winter. 

Emma — A  working  option,  for  a  year, 
price  $30,000,  has  been  secured  on  this 
gold  group  by  John  Leicht  and  W.  M. 
Walker,  of  Spokane. 


Kentucky 
Cumberland  Mining  Company — This 
company  has  been  incorporated,  with  of- 
fice at  Glasgow,  to  develop  lead  mines  in 
Monroe  county.  The  company  has  leased 
the  mineral  rights  on  several  tracts  on  a 
belt  extending  from  Hunter's  Point  to  - 
Marrowbone. 


Indiana 
Clay  County 

The  suit  of  the  employees  of  the  Mc- 
intosh Coal  Company  against  the  com- 
pany for  the  loss  of  tools  will  be  heard 
soon.  Two  years  ago  the  men  in  the 
mine  were  laid  off,  they  claim,  for  a  few 
days,  and  left  their  tools  in  the  mine. 
The  mine  did  not  resume  operations,  but 
■was  flooded  with  water  and  the  tools 
were  ruined.  The  employees  hold  that 
the  company  was  responsible  for  the  loss. 

French-Nicoson  Coal  Company — The 
mine  tipple  which  had  just  been  com- 
pleted at  Bentwood  was  destroyed  by  fire 
June  23.  The  mine  had  recently  been 
completed  and  was  ready  for  operation. 
The  tipple  will  be  rebuilt  at  once. 

Gibson  County 
An  increase  in  completed  oil  wells  in 
the  Oakland  City  field  is  reported.  The 
Ohio  Oil  Company  is  securing  right-of- 
way  for  a  pipe-line  to  connect  this  field 
with  the  main  trunk  lines  of  the  com- 
pany in  Illinois.  Four  new  wells  have 
been  completed  with  an  estimated  pro- 
duction of  300  bbl.  The  Southwestern  oil- 
field is  being  extended  and  great  interest 
in  development  and  the  securing  of  land 
continues. 

St.  Joseph  County 
Considerable  interest  has  developed  in 
the  sinking  of  an  oil  well  near  New 
Carlisle.  At  500  ft.  a  good  showing  of 
oil  was  found  and  gas  in  great  quantities. 
The  drilling  was  done  under  the  direction 
of  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  to  test  the 
field.  A  peculiar  fact  is  that  as  soon  as 
oil  was  found,  drilling  operations  were 
stopped.  Thousands  of  acres  have  been 
leased  on  the  strength  of  the   find. 

Sullivan  County 
Since  the  settlement  effected  between 
the  miners  and  operators  of  District  No. 
11,  the  mines  in  this  vinicity  have  broken 
all  records.  The  payroll  for  June  25  was 
the  largest  in  the  history  of  Shelburn, 
aggregated  $64,000.  The  mines  have 
orders  enough  booked  ahead  to  keep  them 
running  full  time  all  summer. 

Vigo  County 
The  Riverside  mine  resumed  work 
June  22  after  several  days  layoff.  The 
trouble  was  over  the  hoisting  of  the 
miners'  tools  and  also  about  the  pumping 
of  the  water  from  the  mine.  The  trouble 
was  adjusted  by  Vice-president  Lacey,  of 
the  Mine  Workers'  Union,  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  both  parties. 


Michigan 
Copper 

Lake — At  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
company  held  at  Houghton  June  21  the 
following  officers  and  directors  were 
elected:  W.  A.  Paine,  president;  R.  H. 
Gross,  secretary  and  treasurer;  J.  H. 
Rice,  R.  C.  Pryor,  R.  T.  McKeever,  W.  F. 
Fitzgerald  and  G.  L.  Stone.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  Messrs.  Rice  and  Pryor,  the 
board  is  composed  of  new  members.  The 
company's  offices  will  be  moved  to  Bos- 
ton and  in  all  probability  F.  W.  Denton, 
general  manager  of  the  Copper  Range 
Consolidated  will  have  direct  charge  of 
the  work  at  the  mine. 

Keweenaw — All  operations  on  the  main 
tract  are  centered  at  the  Kearsarge  shaft, 
which  is  down  225  ft.  drill  operations  be- 
ing suspended.  At  the  Phoenix  tract, 
which  this  company  controls  the  second 
drill  hole  is  going  down  to  ascertain  con- 
ditions of  the  Ashbed  lode  1500  ft.  from 
the  site  of  the  first  hole  and  at  a  greater 
depth.  The  lode,  as  shown  by  the  first 
hole  was  120  ft.  through  and  70  ft.  of  it 
was  well  charged  with  copper. 

New  Baltic — The  company  has  started 
a  shaft  near  the  No.  2  drill  hole  in  sec- 
tion 16  and  should  reach  the  point  from 
which  this  hole  cut  a  promising  copper 
formation  at  350  ft.  The  overburden  at 
the  shaft  site  is  estimated  at  20  feet. 

Ahmeek — This  company's  stamp  mill  is 
new  handling  about  850  tons  of  rock  daily 
while  about  the  same  amount  is  being  di- 
vided between  the  Tamarack  and  Franklin 
mills. 

Cherokee — This  company  is  operating 
two  drilling  outfits.  No.  1  is  down  550  ft. 
and  No.  2  over  1100  ft.  Some  copper 
formations  were  cut  but  not  commercial. 

Osceola — No.  4  shaft  of  the  North 
Kearsarge  branch  is  sending  350  tons  of 
rock  to  the  mill  daily.  It  is  bottomed  at 
the  14th  level,  but  drifts  from  the  20  and 
22  level  of  No.  3  shaft  have  proved  the 
ground  beyond  the  line  of  this  shaft  and 
it  is  up  to  the  average  from  this  lode. 
No.  1  shaft  of  the  South  Kearsarge 
blanch  is  at  the  22d  level  and  No.  2  at  the 
6th  with  all  the  opening  above  showing 
a  fine  grade  of  rock.  At  the  coal  dock, 
owned  jointly  by  this  and  the  Tamarack 
company  an  additional  unloading  device, 
capable  of  handling  about  1500  tons  of 
coal  daily  is  being  installed.  Preparations 
are  being  made  to  remodel  the  stamp  mill. 

South  Lake — No.  2  drill  hole  has  been 
discontinued  at  S350  ft.  where  a  cori- 
glomerate  formation  was  entered.  A  num- 


ber of  copper-bearing  lodes  were  cut 
during  drilling  but  nothing  of  conse- 
quence. This  company  is  operating  an- 
other drilling  outfit  at  No.  3  hole. 
Iron 
North  Lake — This  iron  mine,  four  miles 
west  of  Ishpeming,  developed  by  the 
Cleveland  Cliffs  company,  will  ship  soon. 

Standard — This  mine,  near  Republic,  has 
been  optioned  to  Matthew  Gibson  and  will 
be  explored. 

Kloman — These  Republic  properties  are 
being  explored  by  the  Jones  Furnace 
Company  of  Iron  Mountain. 

Missouri 

Toledo-Aurora — This  company  is  sink- 
ing a  shaft  and  will  drill  20  acres  of  the 
Decatur  land  joining  the  Daisy  Bell.  C. 
D.  Buckley  is  in  charge. 

Lockport — Four  large  pumps  are  drain- 
ing this  property  near  Galena. 

West  Seventh  Street — This  company 
has  three  holes  in  ore  at  150  ft.,  which 
opens  up  new  ground. 


Montana 

BuYte  District 

Anaconda — The  Butte  council  has 
passed  an  ordinance  permitting  the  Butte, 
Anaconda  &  Pacific  railway  to  extend  its 
tracks  to  the  ore  bins  of  the  newly  ac- 
quired Stewart  mine  and  construction 
work  will  be  begun  immediately.  Ore 
from  the  Stewart  will  then  be  shipped  to 
the  Washoe  smeltery,  at  Anaconda. 

Buttc-Ballaklara — The  annual  state- 
of  production  shows  that  the  company 
has  been  making  regular  shipments  since 
.March,  1910  (starting  in  with  50  tons 
daily  and  gradually  increasing  until  from 
100  to  140  tons  are  the  present  daily  out- 
put. Returns  from  ore  shipped  to  June 
I  were  $111,558.  Operating  expenses 
for  the  year,  during  the  greater  part  of 
which  only  development  work  was  being 
done,  were  $168,498,  thus  leaving  a  loss 
for  the  year's  operations  of  $56,939. 

Elm  Orlu — The  annual  report  of  the 
net  proceeds  of  this  property,  which  is 
still  retained  by  W.  A.  Clark,  is  as  fol- 
lows: Gross  income,  $579,438;  total  ex- 
penses, $559,274;  and  net  proceeds,  $20,- 
164.  The  number  of  tons  extracted  was 
55,996;  yield  per  ton,  $14.34;  cost  of 
extraction,  $4.25. 

Tuolumne — The  annual  report  of  net 
proceeds  is:  Tons  extracted,  19,484; 
yield  per  ton,  $19.75;  cost  of  extraction, 
$3.59;  cost  of  transportation  per  ton, 
$0.75;  cost  of  reduction  per  ton, 
S5.59;  net  proceeds  for  year  to  June  1, 
$112,619. 

Original^Thc  company,  which  owned 
the  group  of  mines  recently  sold  by  W. 
A.  Clark  to  the  Anaconda  company,  has 
filed  its  annual  report  of  net  proceeds 
as  follows:  Number  of  tons  extracted, 
226,492;  gross  yield  per  ton,  $8.10;  total 
gross  yield,   $1,834,585;    cost   of   extrac- 


lulv 


1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


39 


tion,  S915,970;  cost  of  transportation, 
$48,7(53;  cost  of  reduction,  $688,492;  cost 
of  labor,  S547,751;  cost  of  supplies, 
5368,219:  net  proceeds,  5181,359. 

Granite  County 
In  the  Georgetown  district,  Victor 
Ernst  and  Michael  Benson,  who  are  leas- 
ing on  the  Revenue  mine  have  driven  the 
tunnel  in  100  ft.  and  expect  to  encoun- 
ter the  old  lead  shortly.  At  the  South- 
ern Cross  no  new  information  is  obtain- 
able concerning  the  proposed  sale  of  the 
property.  A  crew  under  Superintendent 
Allen  has  recently  cut  a  new  vein  on  the 
property.  .■Xt  the  Modoc  mine  operation;; 
are  being  pushed  under  the  direction  of 
E.  H.  Pitcher.  William  Mclntyre,  .An- 
drew Nelson  and  others  are  working  th; 
American  Flag  mine  and  have  sunk  a 
100- ft.  shaft.  Considerable  ore  is  now 
on  the  dump  waiting  for  the  commence- 
ment of  operations  at  the  Milwaukee  mill, 
'which  will  start  up  soon.  At  the  old  Red 
"  property,  George  W.  Gordon  is  op- 
ing a  5-stamp  mill   by   water  power. 

Jefferson  County 

Corbin  Copper — This  company,  at  the 
lead  of  Clancy  creek,  has  about  com- 
■l.ted  its  concentrator  and  will  soon  put 
I  in  operation. 

lUiston  &  Corbin — A  new  electric 
)unip  has  recently  been  installed  and  de- 
elopment  work  continues. 

Boston  &  Alia — The  company  is  ready 
0  put  its  electric  plant  in  commission. 
•rom  the  bottom  of  its  700-ft.  shaft  a 
rosscut  has  been  run  to  cut  the  lead. 

Lewis  &  Clark  County 
In  the  Scratch  Gravel  district  five 
liles  northwest  of  Helena,  the  Copper- 
ilver  Montana  Mining  Company  is  sink- 
it;  its  shaft,  now  down  320  ft.,  to  the 
oO-ft.  mark,  when  crosscuts  will  be  run 
5  the  veins.  E.  R.  Purnell  is  in  charge, 
he  Hendricks  Brothers  are  working  the 
trawberry  mine  at  the  head  of  Skelly 
lilch.  The  main  shaft  is  down  180  ft., 
t  which  depth  a  crosscut  was  run  to  the 
trawberry  lead,  which  was  shown  to  be 
•i  ft.  wide.  A  tunnel  will  now  be  run 
80  ft.  to  tap  this  lead.  The  construction 
f  a  new  10-stamp  mil!  will  be  begun 
t  once. 

Lincoln  County 
Idaho  Gold  and  Radium — The  proper- 
is  at  Leonia,  25  miles  west  of  Libby. 
sawmill  is  being  built  while  hydraulic 
us    and    other    machinery    are    being 
ippcd     to     the     property.       A     vein 
mtaining   pitchblende    and   gold   ore   is 
'ought  to  carry  radium. 

Madison  County 

""fiv  Original  and  Mascott — The  El- 
ig  Estate  Company  and  the  heirs  of 
'.  W.  Morris  have  given  a  lease  and 
ind  to   Leroy   D.   Ball,  on   the  property 

the  Norwegian  district.  The  purchase 
ice  is  525.000.    A  condition  of  the  lease 


is  that  a  plant  sufficient  to  treat  lOQ  tons 
of  ore  daily  be  erected  on  the  Pony  Orig- 
inal claim  by  the  lessee. 

Missoula  County 

Iron  Mountain — On  the  )800-ft.  level 
the  170-ft.  crosscut  to  the  lode  has  been 
finished  and  16  ft.  of  silver-lead  milling 
ore  has  been  uncovered.  The  old  100- 
ton  mill,  now  on  the  property,  will  be 
overhauled  and  put  in  commission.  A 
new  unit  will  be  built  and  when  this  is 
in  working  order  the  old  mill  will  be 
torn  down  and  a  new  one  erected.  When 
the  orebody  on  the  1850-ft.  level  has 
been  cut  the  shaft  will  be  sunk  another 
200   feet. 

King  &  Queen — A  75-ton  mill  will  be 
erected  to  handle  the  galena  ore  opened. 

Powell   County 

Victory — A  30-ton  mill  will  be  erected 
just  below  the  portal  of  the  650-ft.  tun- 
nel now  being  driven  to  tap  the  Victory 
vein,  and  power  will  be  generated  at  the 
company's  hydroelectric  plant.  N.  W. 
Logue,  of  Los  Angeles,  is  inspecting  the 
property  preparatory  to  designing  the 
mill. 

Yellowstone  County 

The  coal  mines  at  Roundup  are  em- 
ploying more  than  ever  before  and  the 
monthly  payroll  is  now  580,000.  The 
mines  are  producing  3500  tons  daily.  At 
the  No.  2  mine  operations  have  been 
recently  curtailed  to  allow  the  installa- 
tion of  a  number  of  improvements,  look- 
ing to  the  eventual  electrification  of  the 
mine.  Excavations  are  being  made  for  a 
Holmes  lift  and  new  runways,  by  which 
the  empty  mine  cars  will  be  distributed 
by  force  of  gravity.  When  the  improve- 
ments are  completed  the  output  of  this 
mine  can  be  increased  to  2500  tons  daily. 
The  mines  of  the  Davis  Coal  Company 
are  being  developed  and  about  100  tons 
are  being  mined  daily  in  conjuction  with 
the  development  work. 

Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 

Go'.dficid  Consolidated — Foundations 
will  soon  be  complete  for  the  big  stor- 
age tank  being  constructed  near  the  top 
of  Columbia  mountain  to  afford  high- 
pressure  water  supply  in  case  of  fire. 
Standard  fire  hydrants  will  be  connected 
with  4-in.  mains  at  various  points  all 
over  the  property  and  every  precaution 
will  be  taken.  The  entire  100  stamps 
are  dropping. 

Combination  Fraction — The  Nevada- 
Goldfield  mill,  leased  by  the  Fraction,  is 
in  operation  at  full  capacity,  20  stamps. 

Goldficld  Annex — The  shaft  is  now 
well  past  900-ft.  level.  At  1000  ft.  a 
station  will  be  cut. 

Black  Hutte — Stock  in  the  reorganized 
company  has  been  issued  on  the  surren- 
der of  old  stock  and  payment  of  a  Ic. 
assessment. 


Atlanta — Seven  leases  are  in  operation 
at  from  280  to  750  ft.  The  vein  contains 
broken  quartz  intermixed  with  alunite 
and  iron  pyrites,  with  stringers  of  gray 
copper  and  famatinite. 

Lincoln  County 

Neiv  York-Searchlight — It  is  said  that 
$40,000  will  be  expended  for  equipment 
and  that  560,000  more  is  available  for 
developtiicnt.  A  mill  and  an  electric 
plant  are  planned. 

Bamberger-Delamar — Fred  Falkner, 
receiver  for  the  one-time  big  producer, 
will  sell  the  remaining  machinery,  the 
mining  claims  and  other  property, 
July   15. 

Centennial  Pioche — Active  operations 
have  been  resumed  as  a  result  of  the 
reconstruction  of  the  Clark  railroad, 
which  was  washed  out  Dec.  31. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah — The  west  drift  on  the  600- 
ft.  level  of  the  Red  Top  workings  has  ex- 
posed a  strong  face  of  ore.  The  new 
Sand  Grass  shaft  is  now  down  342  feet. 

Tonopah-Belmont — In  addition  to  220 
tons  milled  daily,  several  cars  per  week 
are  being  shipped   to  the  smeltery. 

Montana-Tonopah — Semi-monthly  melt 
of  cyanide  precipitates  produced  23  bars 
of  bullion  wonh  nearly  $18,500.  In  ad- 
dition, 50  tons  of  concentrates  were 
marketed. 

West  End — The  heavy  construction 
work  in  connection  with  surface  plant 
improvements  is  complete.  It  is  expected 
to  have  the  Crane  washer  and  picking 
belt  in  operation  shortly. 

Keane  Wonder — Plans  for  the  installa- 
tion of  20  stamps,  thereby  doubling  the 
capacity  of  the  mill,  will  be  carried  out 
if  the  long  tunnel  now  being  driven 
shows  expected  results. 

Round  Mountain — A  second  tube  mill 
and  Blake  crusher,  and  two  new  Hunt- 
ington mills  will  bring  the  mill  capacity 
to  200  tons  daily. 

Jumping  Jack—A  special  stockholders' 
meeting  has  been  called  with  a  view  to 
ending  litigation  and  consolidating  with 
the  Manhattan  Dexter  company. 

White   Pine  County 
Giroux — The    high-grade    ore    will    be 
shipped   to   the   Tooele   smeltery.      Four 
churn   drills  are   at  work  on   the  prop- 
eiiy. 

""£/>>  Centennial— Tht  tunnel  is  in  1000 
ft.     Work  has  been  resumed. 

Nei'ada  Consolidated — The  company 
may  drive  a  transportation  tunnel  starting 
about  1500  ft.  down  Juniper  canon. 


North  Carolina 

A  Pittsburg  company  is  developing  gold 
properties  in  Montgomery  county  under 
direction  of  Louis  Dunker. 


40 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


Oklahoma 
Blue  Rock — The  company  is  prospect- 
ing the  Jennie  May  lease  at  Miami. 

South  Dakota 

Lexington  Hill— This  property,  near 
Deadwood,  is  being  investigated  by  a 
Colorado  company. 

Gold  Medal— This  Pennington  county 
property  is  planning  resumption. 

Homestake — The  company  is  installing 
a  creosoting  plant  to  treat  all  its  mine 
timber.    The  plant  is  near  Deadwood. 

Texas 

A  shipload  of  iron  ore  has  been  sent 
from  Texas  City  to  Philadelphia  for  test- 
ing. It  is  from  the  deposits  in  eastern 
Texas  recently  investigated  by  the  Schwab 
interests. 

Drilling  a  few  miles  east  of  Laredo,  has 
developed  a  gas  well  and  the  gas  may  be 
utilized  in  smelting  zinc  ores.  The  opera- 
tions are  at  Reiser,  about  10  miles  from 
the  Texas-Mexican  railroad.  Reiser 
Brothers,  in  boring  for  water,  struck  gas. 


Utah 
Beaver   County 

Michigan  Mining  Company — The  drift 
on  the  200-ft.  level  has  opened  a  12-in. 
vein  of  lead-silver  ore  which  is  being 
saved  for  shipment.  The  drift  is  still 
300  ft.  from  where  ore  was  expected. 
Work  is  being  pushed. 
'  Cedar-Talisman— Returns  have  been 
received  on  two  carloads  of  zinc  ore, 
which  were  shipped  from  the  new  strike 
in  the  Talisman  to  Bartlesville,  Okla. 
The  shipment  ran  44  per  cent,  zinc  and 
gave  net  returns  of  $2335.  This  ore  is 
partly  a  zinc  silicate  and  carbonate  from 
the  125-ft.  level.  The  same  orebody  has 
been  opened  on  the  225- ft.  level,  and  a 
raise  is  being  driven  to  connect  the  two 
levels. 

Bradshaw—k  6-ft.  vein  of  iron  ore 
carrying  gold  has  been  partially  devel- 
oped on  this  property.  A  contract  has 
been  given  for  another  100  ft.  of  drifting, 
after  which  plans  for  larger  development 
will  be  laid  out.  The  company  is  con- 
trolled  by   Ohio   and   Utah   interests. 

Utah  Gold  and  Copper— Machinery  for 
the  new  concentrating  mill  has  been  or- 
dered, and  will  be  shipped  within  the 
next  10  days.  Work  on  the  excavation 
and  foundations  for  the  mill  has  been 
started.    A  new  hoist  will  be  installed. 

Juab  County 

Lower  Mammoth— ^o  material  change 
has  occurred  in  the  new  winze  from  the 
2000-ft.  level.  Shipments  are  being  made 
from  the  orebody  between  the  1700  and 
1800. 

Dragon  Iron — The  shaft  is  now  600  ft. 
deep,  and  is  to  be  sunk  to  the  1000-ft. 
level  to  prospect  the  ground  underneath 


the  deposit  of  iron  ore,  which  is  being 
mined.  About  250  tons  of  ore  are  being 
mined  daily,  and  this  production  will  not 
be  interfered  with  by  work  on  the  new 
shaft. 

Opohongo — Drifting  is  being  done  in 
two  directions  on  the  vein  on  the  1400- 
ft.  level,  and  a  continued  improvement 
in  the  showing  is  reported.  The  ore  which 
is  being  shipped  comes  from  the  350- 
and  400-ft.  levels. 

F/r/or/a  — Sinking  of  the  shaft  has 
been  commenced.  It  is  intended  to  sink 
from  the  550-  to  the  11 00- ft.  level,  so 
that  ore  can  be  hoisted  through  the  com- 
pany workings  instead  of  through  the 
Grand  Central  mine. 

Tintic  Combination — The  drift  east  of 
the  shaft  on  the  200-ft.  level  is  in  min- 
eralized ground,  carrying  much  iron.  It 
is  thought  to  be  approaching  the  Aspin- 
wall  vein. 

Clift — This  property  near  Silver  City 
is  shipping  from  one  to  two  carloads  of 
silver-lead  ore  per  month.  Stoping  is 
being  done  on  a  fissure  from  4  to  7  ft. 
between  walls.  The  upper  tunnel  is  in 
porphyry.  A  lower  tunnel  which  is  being 
driven  to  get  under  the  old  workings  is 
in  limestone,  and  shows  that  the  por- 
phyry does  not  extend  to  this  depth.  This 
tunnel  has  been  driven  1400  ft.,  and  has 
250  ft.  more  to  go  to  reach  the  vein. 

Grand  Central — The  new  orebody  in 
the  western  part  of  this  property  has 
been  opened  up  for  production  and  the 
output  is  better  than  a  carload  of  ore 
a  day.  The  older  workings  east  of  the 
shaft  are  also  producing,  especially  those 
between  the  1100-  and  1250-ft.  levels.  A 
new  drift  is  being  run  for  this  ore  on  the 
1300. 

Sioux  Consolidated-Tiunng  May,  63 
carloads  of  ore  were  marketed,  which 
brought  net  smelting  returns  of  $30,343. 
The  operating  expenses  for  this  period 
are    given   as  $12,843. 

Governor — Work  has  been  started  to 
reach  the  Governor  claims  through  the 
Black  Jack,  which  adjoins  on  the  west. 
The  work  is  being  done  from  the  300-ft 
level  of  the  Star  Consolidated  shaft,  now 
owned  by  the  Black  Jack.  Both  prop- 
erties are  controlled  by  the  Knights.  The 
Iron  Blossom  is  following  the  gold-cop- 
per vein  on  the  500  level,  and  is  near 
the  Governor  lines. 

Piute  County 
Shamrock— Three  feet  of  shipping  ore, 
carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper,  have 
been  opened  in  this  property,  near 
Marysvale.  The  vein  has  been  sunk  on 
for  50  ft.  below  the  tunnel  level  and  a 
new  tunnel  is  being  driven  to  cut  it  90 
ft.  below  the  bottom  of  the  winze.  A  car 
of  ore  has  been  shipped. 

Salt    Lake   County 
Utah  Apex — One  hundred  and  seven- 
ty-five tons  of  ore  are  being  mined  daily 


in  about  equal  proportions  from  the  Dana 
and  Louise  orebodies.  The  company  is 
employing  125  men  on  three  shifts  in 
the  mine  and  mill.  The  mill  is  giving 
good  results  and  is  turning  out  from  50 
to  60  tons  of  concentrates  daily,  which 
run   about  40  per  cent.   lead. 

Columbus  Consolidated — A  cave  has  , 
been  cut  in  a  raise  about  60  ft.  above 
the  400-ft.  level.  When  this  was  reached 
a  flow  of  water  carrying  finely  divided 
sulphide  resembling  concentrates  came 
into  the  raise.  Several  mine  cars  of  this 
material  were  obtained.  A  bulkhead  has 
been  put  in  and  new  work  is  being  done 
in  the  neighborhood  with  the  expectation 
of  reaching   a  solid   orebody. 

Ohio  Copper — Concentrates  running 
27  per  cent,  copper  have  been  made  re- 
cently. The  usual  copper  content  has 
been  in  the  neighborhood  of  23  per  cent. 

Summit   County 

Sitfer  King  Consolidated — Instead  of 
levying  an  assessment  with  which  to 
carry  on  the  development  work,  it  has 
been  decided  to  borrow  $50,000  by  notes. 
Development  has  been  actively  carried 
on,  on  the  1550-  and  1600-ft.  levels.  A 
new  face  of  galena  ore  2  to  3  ft.  in 
thickness  has  been  opened  in  a  fissure 
on  the  1550  level. 

Little  Bell— A  mill  will  be  built  on  the 
property.  A  part  of  the  dump  will  be 
milled  and  also  ore  now  stored  in  the 
mine. 

Tooele  County 
Boston-Sunshine — On  account  of  the 
inability  to  develop  new  ore  reserves,  the 
mine  and  mill  will  be  closed  when  the 
cleanup  in  progress  is  completed.  About 
14  months  ago,  when  the  property  was 
first  operated,  there  was  a  year's  supply 
of  ore  blocked  out.  The  vein  did  not 
carry  uniform  workable  values,  and  al- 
though much  development  was  done  to 
the  north  and  south  of  the  productive 
orebody,  no  new  oreshoots  were  discov- 
ered. It  is  estimated  that  the  present 
cleanup  will  bring  in  about  $8500,  which 
will  be  used  to  pay  the  last  dividend. 
This  will  make  the  total  dividends 
amount  to  $19,500.  The  Boston-Sun- 
shine was  a  close  corporation.  The  mill 
operations  were  successful,  and  made  a 
good  extraction  on  the  low-grade  gold 
ore. 


Washington 
Ferry  County 

Keystone — Operations  will  be  resumed 
at  this  mine.     D.  A.  Mills  is  owner. 

Tough  Nut — This  mine,  closed  for  eight 
years,  will  be  reopened  by  Nelson  Clark, 
of  Berkeley,  Cal.,  and  Fred  B.  Ginnel. 
New  machinery  will  be  purchased. 

North  San  Poll — A  strike  was  made  at 
this  mine  by  Kerr  &  Krummer,  of  Re- 
public. They  expect  to  ship  one  car  of 
ore  a  week. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


41 


Wyoming 
United    Smelters— I.    N.    Pennock,    of 
Cleveland,   Ohio,    has   sent   notice   of   a 
stock  assessment  to  protect  the  property 
from  foreclosure  by  bondholders. 


Canada 

Nova  Scotia 

Dominion  Steel  and  Coal  Corporation 
—At  an  adjourned  shareholders'  meeting 
held  at  Montreal,  June  23,  it  was  finally 
decided  that  the  name  of  the  merger 
would  be  changed  to  "The  Dominion 
Steel  Corporation,  Ltd.,"  the  name  pre- 
viously selected  "Canadian  Steel  Cor- 
poration" being  discarded  on  account  of 
its  similarity  to  that  selected  by  the  Ham- 
ilton merger.  President  Plummer  an- 
nounced that  the  company  has  decided 
not  to  build  new  wire  and  nail  mills  at 
present.  The  wages  of  the  company'.^ 
mine  and  steel  works  employees  have 
been   advanced   5   per  cent. 

Egerton  Gold  Mine — This  mine  at 
Fourteen-Mile  stream  has  been  leased 
to  James  A.  Fraser,  of  New  Glasgow, 
and  M.  McLeod,  of  River  John.  The 
mine  has  a  lO-stamp  mill  run  by  water 
power.  It  was  fomierly  operated  but  has 
been  closed  for  several  years. 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  and  Coal  Company — 
President  Robert  F,.  Harris  announces 
that  the  company  is  erecting  two  build- 
ings at  a  cost  of  $100,000,  in  connection 
with  which  many  improvements  will  be 
adopted.  One  will  be  a  modernized  fire- 
proof shipping  room,  and  the  other  a 
manufacturing  building  to  embrace  the 
spike,  bolt  and  nut.  rivet,  shafting,  ma- 
chinery steel  and  straightening  depart- 
ments, at  present  scattered  over  the 
plant.  The  capacity  in  most  of  these 
lines  will  be  considerably  increased.  The 
coal  production  on  June  10  was  3532 
tons,  breaking  the  record  by  several 
hundred  tons. 

Ontario 

The  shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  June  17  were:  Kerr  Lake, 
586,000  lb.;  Nipissing,  367,670;  La  Rose, 
258,020;  Chambers-Ferland,  116,400; 
McKinley-Darragh,  90.460;  Crown  Re- 
serve. 86,000;  Buffalo,  80,000;  Cobalt 
Lake.  64,900;  Temiskaming,  60,000;  total, 
1,709,450  pounds. 

The  Hiileybury  Frontier  and  Maidens 
companies  at  South  Lorraine  are  putting 
in  new  plants. 

Nipissing— T\>,o  new  shaft  houses  are 
to  be  built,  one  on  a  number  of  veins 
bordering  on  the  Chambers-Ferland,  and 
the  other  probably  in  the  Keewatin  area 
on  the  edge  of  the  Gillies  Limit,  where  a 
rich  vein  was  recently  found. 

Cobalt  Central — A  complaint  alleging 
corporation  irregularities  has  been  tiled  in 
the  U.  S.  Court  at  New  York  by  H.  M. 
Hitchings,  attorney. 

Little    Nipissing — The    Peterson    Lake 


Company  has  granted  an  extension  of  the 
lease  for  five  years. 

Chambers-Ferland — The  annual  report 
for  the  year  ended  May  15  shows  a  gross 
pioduction  of  5130,968  with  net  profits  of 
$47,278. 

Langham — A  discovery  of  native  silver 
has  been  made  on  the  surface  in  this  Elk 
Lake  mine. 

Goldfield  Company — A  merger  has  been 
arranged  between  the  Harris-Maxwell  and 
Tournenie  companies  of  London  Lake  un- 
der this  name.  The  capitalization  is  $3,- 
000,000,the  stockholders  in  the  two  com- 
panies receiving  share  for  share  in  the 
new  concern.  The  10-stamp  mill  on  the 
Maxwell-Harris  will  be  enlarged  to  50 
stamps. 

St.  Anthony — At  this  mine,  Sturgeon 
Lake  district,  development  has  been  re- 
commenced with  Capt.  R.  Sandoe  in 
charge.  Mining  will  be  continued  for  a 
year  before  any  milling  is  done. 


Mexico 

The  Southern  Pacific  is  surveying  a 
line  to  Manzanillo,  from  the  present  ter- 
minus of  the  Pacific  Coast  road  in  Tepic. 
This  is  given  as  confirmation  that  the 
company  may  abandon  the  Guadalajara 
connection  and  build  instead  to  the  Pa- 
cific port  of   Manzanillo. 

Chihuahua 
Rosario — This  property,  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  State,  at  Guadalupe 
y  Calvo,  is  under  option  to  the  West 
Mexican  Mines  Company,  of  London.  A 
reduction  plant  will  be  erected. 

Durango 
Mexico  Consolidated — A  proposition  to 
issue  notes  to  cover  the  large  indebted- 
ness to  the  Stallforth  interests,  of  Parral, 
has  been  turned  down  by  the  Boston 
stockholders.  W.  A.  Mossman  succeeds 
J.  C.   Fairchild  on  the  board. 

Mexico 

La  Quimica — This  Sultepec  mine  is 
under  option  to  the  F.xploration  Company 
of  London.  Robert  Musgrave  is  in  charge 
of  the  mine  which  will  operate  again. 

Esperanza — The  May  return  shows  16,- 
712  tons  crushed  yielding  5193,471,  leav- 
ing an  operating  profit  of  592,219. 

PUEBLA 

Teziutlan — The  new  furnaces  are  now 
in  full  operation.  R.  L.  Lioyd  is  gen- 
eral superintendent. 

SONORA 

The  Alamos  district  is  the  scene  of 
great  activity.  Many  prospects  are  being 
opened  up  and  proving  successful.  At 
Sobia,  35  miles  north  of  Alamos,  the  La 
Junta  company  is  sacking  ore  running 
6  oz.  of  gold  per  ton.  Eight  cars  have 
been  shipped  producing  about-  the  same 
results.  The  lower  grade  ore  is  treated  at 
the  mine  by  cyanide.  The  Prieta,  owned 
by  Wilson  &  Obermuller.  is  showing  up 


equally  well.  The  Santo  Domingo  com- 
pany is  erecting  a  10-stamp  mill  and  con- 
centrating plant  on  the  property,  a  good 
supply  of  water  being  assured. 

Cieneguita — B.  E.  Marks  has  been  ap- 
pointed receiver  at  Phoenix,  Ariz.,  for 
this  company.  The  action  is  the  out- 
come of  long  pending  corporation 
troubles. 

Sonora  United  Mines — This  New  York 
company  is  erecting  hoist,  boiler,  pumps, 
etc.,  on  the  property,  80  miles  east  of 
Hermosillo.  The  main  prospecting  shaft 
is  down  120  ft.  where  silver  sulphide  ore 
was  struck.  A.  W.  Christian  is  superin- 
tendent. 

San  Juan  Grande  Consolidated — This 
company  has  a  25-ton  smeltery  about 
completed,  the  first  ore  to  be  treated  will 
come  from  the  Mazatan  company  mines. 
The  Amargossa  is  also  anxious  to  have  its 
ore  treated  locally.  The  plant  is  in  the 
Mazatan  district,  50  miles  east  of  La 
Colorada. 

Juarez — This  mine,  which  has  been 
worked  profitably  for  several  years,  has 
closed   indefinitely. 


Africa 
Transvaal 

For  the  four  months  ended  April  30 
the  output  of  metals  other  than  gold  in 
the  Transvaal  included  259,873  oz.  sil- 
ver; 1155  tons  copper  ore;  1260  tons  tin 
ore.  Other  minerals  in  April  included  55 
tons  magnesite,  336  tons  flint,  14  tons 
asbestos,  4666  tons  lime  and  1,766,063 
tons  coal. 

The  accident  report  for  the  four 
months  shows  42  whites,  269  negroes  and 
two  Chinese  killed;  a  total  of  313.  The 
injured  included  107  whites,  575  negroes 
and  three  Chinese;  a  total  of  625  per- 
sons. This  is  an  average  of  1.28  killed 
and  2.56  injured  per   1000  employees. 

Australia 

Queensland 
Gold   production   in   May    was    36,909 
oz. ;  for  the  five  months  ended  May  31  it 
was   176,834  oz.,  or  53,655,159;    an  in- 
crease of  5422,415  over  last  year. 

Western  Australia 
Gold  production  in  May  was  127,714 
oz.,  or  2466  oz.  more  than  in  April.  For 
the  five  months  ended  May  31  it  was 
649,550  oz.  in  1909,  and  608,893  oz.— or 
512,585,818— in  1910;  a  decrease  of  40,- 
657  oz.  this  year. 


South  America 
Chile 
Braden — Although  the  concentrator 
construction  now  under  way  at  the  Bra- 
den property  is  for  a  2000-ton  plant,  it 
is  believed  the  capacity  will  be  at  least 
3000  tons  daily.  The  company's  railroad, 
which  is  to  connect  Rancagua.  on  the 
coast,  with  the  mine,  is  90  per  cent,  flrv- 
ished. 


42 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


-    THE  MARKETS    - 

Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  ConditiorLS   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade   Review 


New  York.  June  29— Coal  trade  in  the 
East  is  quieter  than  usual  at  this  season, 
when  large  consumers  are  generally  buy- 
ing their  winter  supplies.  There  is  coal 
moving,  but  not  in  special  quantities,  and 
work  at  the  mines  is  not  generally  active. 
There  is  some  accumulation  at  tidewater, 
and  demurrage  sales  are  heard  of  now 
and  then.  In  fact  the  trade  generally  is 
just  dragging,  but  hoping  for  better  things 
in  the  fall. 

In  the  West,  Illinois  is  the  only  un- 
settled point  now,  and  the  strike  condi- 
tions there  show  no  change.  It  looks  as 
if  there  would  be  no  end  except  through  a 
gradual  crumbling  away  on  one  side  or 
the  other.  The  Southwest  has  come  to 
an  agreement,  as  noted  below. 

The  harvest  which  Indiana  mines  have 
been  reaping  from  the  Chicago  trade,  on 
account  of  the  Illinois  strike,  is  being 
broken  into  by  the  competition  of  Ohio 
and  West  Virginia  coals,  which  are  being 
sent  forward  pretty  freely. 

Southwestern  Wage  Settlement — A  de- 
spatch from  Kansas  City  announces  the 
end  of  the  strike  in  the  Southwestern 
field — including  Missouri,  Kansas,  Ar- 
kansas and  Oklahoma.  A  conference 
was  held  in  Kansas  City,  at  which  the 
delegates  finally  reached  an  agreement. 
Last  week  this  was  formally  approved 
and  signed  by  both  operators  and  miners. 
It  is  for  two  years  and  provides  that 
the  mining  scale  shall  be  advanced  3c. 
per  ton  on  run-of-mine.  and  5c.  on 
screened  coal.  They  give  up.  however, 
some  of  their  claims.  The  new  scale  takes 
effect  July  1,  when  the  miners  return  to 
work 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Coal  tonnage  of  Norfolk  &  Western 
railway,  1 1  months  of  fiscal  year  from 
July  1  to  May  31,  short  tons: 


"^nhHtric't  : 

Tue  RIvdr 

Thack"r 

Konova 

Clinch  Valloy. 


(•..ni- 
nirrolal. 

,  K.m.'i.'J.il 

1,3JG.37I1 
,  i,:)ii5,'2iri 
, ;,  r,o;),7l7 


Ooni 
I>aiiy. 

1,108,7'2K 
•221,n.5l> 

«f2,;«) 

107,718 


Tiitftl. 
'.i.'.i.">:).li7'.i 
1  ,r.r>s,;<32 
1.1177..'i4K 
771.4:).') 
(S73.B1'2 


Total l'2.771,Oa(l    •2,l(i3,7'2li     14.n34.8(lC. 

The  total  increase  over  the  correspond- 
ing period  in  1908-9  was  3,498,909  tons, 
or  30.6  per  cent. 

Receipts  of  domestic  coal  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, four  months  ended  April  30,  were 
98,871  long  tons  in  1909,  and  112,867  in 
1910;  increase,  13,996  tons. 

Coal  passing  Davis  Island  dam  on  the 
Ohio,  four  months  ended  April  30,  was 


1,759,345  short  tons  in  1909,  and  807,130 
iT  1910;  decrease,  859,215  tons. 

Coal  passing  locks  on  the  Mononga- 
helTi  above  Pittsburg,  four  months  ended 
April  30,  was  3,206,720  short  tons  in 
1909,  and  2,911,100  in  1910;  decrease, 
295,620  tons. 

Coal  receipts  at  St,  Louis,  four  months 
ended  April  30,  were  2,267,188  tons  in 
1909,  and  3,130,879  in  1910;  increase, 
863,691   tons. 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  of  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  Railway,  10  months  of  fiscal 
year  from  July  1  to  April  30,  short  tons: 


Coal. 

Ni'W  Blvor 6.'il)4,(l27 

Kaiiawlia 5,4iHV2(]0 

KPlltucky    46(i,W).5 

Ci •nnectiiig  lines s.5,03:) 


Total 

Total.  Il«)8-li.. 


,  r2,li45,S71 
,  l(»,i)(i2,K;ni 


Coke,  Total. 

304,338  (i.>.K)8,3(i5 

5'2,31il  ."),54'2,.')-2.i 

■228  4(i(i,833 

38,778  123,811 

31l.'i,r.|-,3  13,041,534 

31"i,331  10,378,227 


Total  increase  this  year,  2,663,307  tons, 
or  25.7  per  cent.  Shipments  this  year  to 
points  west  of  mines.  6.708,921  tons  coal 
and  191,247  coke;  points  east,  1.660,915 
tons  coal  and  170,184  coke;  tidewater, 
4,268,224  tons  coal  and  34,232  coke;  an- 
thracite to  line  points,  7811  tons. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

June  29 — Current  business  is  mainly  on 
contracts  with  little  new  business  going. 
There  was  no  special  rush  to  save  the 
June  discount. 

On  Friday  10c.  conies  off  the  summer 
discount  and  schedule  prices  will  be  $4.55 
for  broken  and  S4.80  for  egg.  stove  and 
chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor 
points.  For  steam  sizes,  current  quota- 
tions are:  Pea,  $3(^3.25;  buckwheat.. 
$2.20fo2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
S\.65(fi2;  barley,  $1.35r((  1.50;  all  accord- 
ing to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 
The  lower  prices  are  usually  for  washery 
coals. 

Bituminous 

The  market  for  the  better  grades  of 
coal  is  unmistakably  dull,  though  gas  coal 
and  the  cheaper  grades  are  being  taken  at 
a  fair  rate.  The  quiet  extends  all 
around  and  is  seen  in  New  England  ter- 
ritory as  well  as  elsewhere. 

Prices  continue  low.  Good  gas  coal  has 
sold  at  a  figure  which  realizes  SI  per  ton 
at  mine.  There  is  beginning  to  be  some 
accumulation  of  coal  at  the  harbor  re- 
ceiving points,  and  some  coal  has  been 
■sold  to  save  demurrage,  at  a  price  which 
makes  about  60c.  per  ton  at  mine. 

Car  supply  is  good,  and  transportation 
fairly  regular,  so  that  coal  comes  through 
to  tide  freely  and  in  good  time. 


In  the  coistwise  trade  vessels  are  not 
0-,  I  r  pit.r.ty  and  freights  are  firm.  From 
Kfv,  York,  rates  are  75r</80c.  to  points 
r-ound  Cape  Cod.  Large  vessels  from 
Priladelphia  get  75c.  to  Boston,  Salem 
ard  Portland;  65c.  to  Providence  and  the 
Sound. 


Birmingham 
June  27 — Alabama  coal  mines  are  be- 
ing operated  steadily  and  more  labor  is 
sought.  There  is  apparently  a  demand 
for  all  the  coal  that  can  be  mined  and 
the  railroads  are  furnishing  all  the  trans- 
portation facilities  that  could  be  asked 
for.  Consumption  in  the  home  territory 
is  good,  and  there  is  a  quantity  of  coal 
being  shipped  away.  A  resumption  has 
been  noted  at  some  places  where  slack 
work  has  been  on  for  several  weeks.  The 
Tennessee  company  is  working  every  one 
of  its  mines  and  is  also  pushing  work  on 
further  development,  A  number  of  coke 
ovens  which  have  been  running  light, 
have  also  been  put  in  on  full  time.  The 
demand  for  coke  has  recently  picked  up. 


Chicago 

June  27 — General  conditions  in  the 
local  coal  market  remain  about  the  same 
as  last  week.  Needs  of  steam  users  ap- 
parently are  being  fully  met  from  Indiana 
and  other  mines  east  of  Illinois.  Natur- 
ally, Indiana  coal,  as  coming  nearest  to 
Illinois  in  quality  and  price,  is  preferred 
by  most  consumers.  Smokeless  and 
Hocking  have  not  gained  many  new  cus- 
tomers for  the  Indiana  production  has 
been  and  continues  to  he  large  enougn 
to  take  care  of  the  great  number  of  con- 
sumers habitually  using  Illinois  coal.  It 
looks  now  as  if  the  mines  of  Illinois 
might  remain  closed  indefinitely,  without 
causing  any  lack  of  a  supply  sufficient 
to  keep  going  most  if  not  all  of  the 
steam  producers.  Domestic  coals  arc 
practically  out  of  the  market,  even  an- 
thracite moving  very  lightly. 

Prices  continue  to  be  nearly  the  same 
for  one  size  as  for  another  of  Indiana 
coal,  lump  bringing  S2(a2A0\  run-of- 
mine,  $1.90f/'2.05,  and  screenings,  $2(f? 
2,10.  Screenings,  as  heretofore,  are  in 
strongest  demand.  Eastern  coals  sell 
closely  to  circular  prices,  smokeless 
bringing  $3.55  for  lump  and  S3. 15  for 
run-of-mine;  Hocking.  S3.15,  and  Yough- 
iogheny,  $3.22  for  H-'m.  There  is  prac- 
tically no  surplus  coal  of  any  kind  on 
tracks,  though  this  seems  due  more  to 
cautious,  well  regulated  shipments  from 
Eastern  mines  rather  than  to  any  greatly 
increased  -  demand.       Consumption     nf 


July  2.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


43 


steam  coals  is  checked  somewhat  by  the 
summer  conditions,  but  is  large  and  is 
not  likeh'  soon  to  become  much  smaller. 


Cleveland 

June  27 — Lake  trade  is  rather  slow,  and 
several  coal  carriers  have  been  laid  up 
for  want  of  charters.  In  local  business 
steam  trade  is  steady,  but  the  hot  weath- 
.■r  has  wound  up  domestic  trade  for  the 
iresent. 

Middle  district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland,  is 
^uoted  at  S2  for  1'4-in.;  S1.85  for  .>4- 
n.;  SI. 75  for  run-of-mine;  and  S1.65  for 
■  lack.  No.  8  and  Cambridge  districts,  15 
ir  20c.  higher.  Youghiogheny,  $2.45'J( 
!.50  for  IJi-in.;  $2.30f?j  2.35  for  -V^-in.; 
•2.20fr/2.25  for  run-of-mine;  and  $1.80 
'  I  ''.^  for  slack. 


Indianapolis 

June  27 — Up  until  the  past  week 
ndiana  coal  mines  were  enjoying  heavy 
usiness  because  of  demands  from  dis- 
ricts  under  suspension  which  came  to 
"le  Indiana  field,  the  most  convenient 
or  the  purpose,  with  the  result  that 
ndiana  coal  went  up  to  a  high  price, 
uddenly  there  has  been  a  perceptible 
lump.  The  demand,  or  at  least,  a  large 
art  of  it.  stopped  suddenly.  It  took  a 
eek  to  find  out  the  cause.  It  is  under- 
ood  that  the  Illinois  Manufacturers'  As- 
)ciation,  came  to  the  conclusion  that 
ley  were  paying  too  much  for  their 
58).  Indiana  prices  continued  to  climb 
id  they  turned  their  attention  to  Ohio 
nd  West  Virginia  coals.  This  belief  is 
rengthened  by  the  fact  that  about  the 
me  the  orders  stopped  coming  to  the 
idiana  field,  coals  from  Ohio  and  West 
irginia  began  arriving  at  Chicago  and 
:hcr  manufacturing  towns  in  deluges 
id  were  bought  up  readily,  and  at  a 
"ice  below  that  for  which  Indiana  coals 
id  been  selling.  Indiana  operators 
aim  that  when  all  expenses  on  this 
hlo  and  West  Virginia  coal  are  paid  it 
>sts  the  manufacturers  more  than, 
idiana  coals.  Notwithstanding  the  sud- 
-•n  break  in  orders,  the  Indiana  mines 
•e  working  full  force  and  full  time  on 
•ders  already  booked  and  will  continue 

do  so  for  some  weeks. 

Pittsburg 

June  2S — The  local  demand  for  coal 
mtinues  of  good  volume,  and  prices  are 
ell  held.  The  Pittsburg  Coal  Company 
>d  the  largest  pay  in  its  history  on 
iturday.  Some  easing  up  in  demand 
ay  occur  over  Independence  Day,  but 
e  labor  supply  is  certain  to  run  short 

the  same  time.  Lake  shipments  con- 
nue  very  heavy.  We  continue  to  quote: 
ine-run  and  nut.  S1.20(fn.25;  U-in., 
1.30'.;  1.35;  domestic,  I'l-in.,  SI.50; 
jack.  80r.7  85c.  per  ton  at  mines. 

Connellsvillr  Coke~7he  market  has 
:en  very  quiet  as  to  contracts  for  fur- 
jice  coke.     Several  merchant-furnace  in- 


terests would  contract  for  the  half  year 
at  perhaps  $1.80T/  1.85,  but  they  are  fur- 
naces now  down  and  operators  do  not 
care  to  sell  them,  as  they  would  only 
start  in  case  there  was  a  decided  ad- 
vance in  the  market.  Some  sales  of 
prompt  furnace  coke  have  been  made  at 
SI. 65.  Foundries  which  have  contracts 
expiring  this  month  are  slow  about  re- 
newing. The  United  Engineering  and 
Foundry  Company  closed  its  contract, 
eight  to  10  cars  monthly  for  a  year,  at 
less  than  S2.I0,  which  means  an  extreme- 
ly low  price.  At  the  other  extreme  we 
note  a  contract  for  a  small  tonnage  for 
a  year  of  exceptionally  good  foundry 
coke  at  S2.50. 

Some  details  have  been  rearranged  in 
the  merger  of  three  lower  Connellsville 
coke  interests,  a  new  name  having  been 
selected.  An  announcement  may  be 
made  soon  as  to  one  or  two  other  com- 
panies to  join  the  merger,  but  on  the 
whole  there  is  no  immediate  prospect  of 
any  far  reaching  combination  being  put 
through. 

We  quote  prices  as  follows,  per  net 
ton  at  ovens:  Prompt  furnace,  S1.65^( 
1.70;  contract  furnace,  $1.75  ft/ 1.85; 
prompt  foundry.  S2.\0(q2.25;  contract 
foundry,  S2.25^'/2.50  per  ton. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connells- 
ville region  in  the  week  ended  June  18 
at  404.809  tons,  a  gain  of  300  tons,  and 
shipments  at  4036  cars  to  Pittsburg,  6502 
cars  to  points  west  and  879  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  11,417  cars. 

Si.  Louis 

June  27 — The  exceedingly  hot  weather 
has  had  the  effect  of  easing  up  the  de- 
mand for  coal  a  great  deal  and  the  price 
has  dropped  about  lOc.  per  ton  all  down 
the  line  This  is  not  caused  by  falling 
off  in  demand  in  St.  Louis  proper,  as  the 
call  from  steam  plants  and  railroads  here 
is  still  active,  but  a  number  of  outside 
mines  in  Illinois  and  Indiana,  which  had 
depended  on  the  retail  demand  through- 
out the  country  are  now  pouring  their 
tonnage  into  St.  Louis.  Over  1.200,000 
tons  of  coal  have  already  been  shipped 
into  St.  Louis  this  month,  which  is  a 
heavier  tonnage  than  ever  before  con- 
sumed here  during  June,  so  that  it  is 
really  wonderful  that  prices  are  as  good 
as  they  are.  St.  Louis,  in  fact,  seems  to 
be  one  of  the  best  coal  markets  in  the 
country  at  present. 

The  retail  demand  for  coal  is.  of 
course,  light,  though  a  good  deal  of 
Pennsylvania  anthracite  is  moving.  Con- 
sumers are  holding  off  buying  soft  coal 
as  they  all  anticipate  a  drop  in  price 
later  on.  Retail  prices  are  very  good  now, 
as  Standard  lump  is  bringing  I4c.  per 
bushel  delivered,  and  Trenton  or  high- 
grade.  15c.  The  June  retail  price  of 
hard  coal  is  S7.70  delivered,  on  egg, 
stove  and  chestnut,  and  $7.45  on  graf-. 


Wagon  Mil  Liiiuracimg  is  not  progressing 
very  rapidly,  as  the  demand  for  teams  is 
so  good  for  work  outside  the  coal  busi- 
ness that  a  number  of  companies  are  hir- 
ing their  teams  out. 

Current  prices  are  as  follows  for  the 
St.   Louis  market: 

St. 
,,,.     ,     „       .  .Mine.    Louis. 

Illinois.  Staiidani: 

6-in.  lump  and  ckk Sl.oO  $2  02 

1.30  1.82 

1.20  1.72 

1   2r,  1   77 


i.'-iii.  lump  ami  nut. 

.MiiU'-nin 

.Scret'iiinKS. 

Trenton: 

0-in.  lump  anil  cgK. 
3-in.  nut 


Staunton  or  .Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 

2-in.  nut 

Mini'-run 

.Screenings 


I'ocalionta.s  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 

Mine-mn 


1.75       2.27 
1.50       2.02 


1.70  2.22 

1.60  2.12 

1.50  2.02 

1.50  2.02 


1 . 50       4 . 00 
1    10       3.65 


IVnnsylvaniu  .Vniliraclte: 

.Nm,  stove  or  egg 

(irate  


6.65 
6.40 


■i   .1.5 


5.35 


.\rkan.sas  Anthracite: 

Egg  or  grate 

Cokf: 

Connellsville  foundry 540 

( :as  house 4  50 

Sinilhing ...'.'.       4 1 15 

Bids  for  supplying  the  public  build- 
ings, schools,  and  other  institutions,  have 
been  received  and  show  considerable 
variation,  running  from  $1.55  up  to  $2.04 
for  lump,  delivered. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


German  Coal  Produetion — Coal  produc- 
tion of  the  German  Empire,  four  months 
ended  April  30,  metric  tons: 

I'.nri.  I'.uci.         ChnnKi'8. 

Coal IH.lHl.o'.H       4»,'.l>JB,:il  1      I.     »14,717 

Brown  eonl •Jl,84-J.:»-J     Jl.TCS.r.j.-v    u.      4:t,7.'." 


"ll.UfiO 


Tiitnl  mined..    Td.lWl.iiTil      7ii,7!M,li:t(i 

Coko  niiKle ii.!Hd,M2       7.5.l7,ii7r,     I.     ■^'M,^:n 

Drhgui'ls  innde.      .'>.!I47,(7.")        I'.,n7l,:ir.>      I.      l'.':l.KH7 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year 
4,676,102  tons  were  made  from  brown 
coal  or  lignite. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  June  17:  Best  Welsh  steam,  $3.99; 
seconds,  $3.78;  thirds,  $3.66;  dry  coals, 
$3.72;  best  Monmouthshire.  S3.60;  sec- 
onds, $3.48;  best  steam  smalls,  $2.04; 
seconds.  SI. 74.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2':.  per  cent,  discount. 


Tt. 


IRON  TRADE-REVIEW  5 


New  York.  June  29 — The  iron  and 
steel  markets  seem  to  be  settling  down 
into  a  quiet  condition,  which  is  not  un- 
usual in  midsitmmer.  There  is  a  moder- 
ate volume  of  business,  hut  little  special 
activity. 

In  pig  iron  little  is  doing  for  early 
deliveries.  In  Eastern  territory  there  are 
a  good  many  inquiries  for  fourth-quarter 
deliveries,  but  furnaces  are  unwilling  to 
ta'-^  pfrs"''t  prices   for  such  deliveries. 


44                                                     THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL  July  2,  1910. 

and  few  contracts  are  closed.     For  nearer  there  been  an  inclination  to  accept  prices  to  have  been  quietly  made.     On  iron  bars 

business  there  is  a  good  deal  of  shad-  that  were   offered   by  consumers.   While  there  is  sharp  competition  and  prices  at 

ine    especially   by   makers   whose    yards  some   iron   was   sold    for   immediate   and  local  mills  are   1.37!,-..  («  1.40  cents. 

are'  full.     Stocks  of  foundry  iron  are  re-  third    quarter    delivery    during    the    first                                     

ported  rather  large,  but  little  further  cur-  part  of  June  at  $11.50,  or  less,  the  price  Philadelphia 
tailnient  of  make  is  noted.  Buyers  seem  at  present  is  $12  for  No.  2  foundry.  Sales  June  29 — Eastern  makers  of  pig  iron, 
to  be  hoping  that  the  weight  of  unsold  have  been  declined,  it  is  stated  on  the  with  a  few  exceptions,  have  refused  to 
stocks  will  break  down  the  present  prices  best  of  authority,  under  $12.  The  Shelby  lower  quotations  this  week  or  to  accept 
still  further.  '""on  Company  will  be  making  charcoal  orders  offered  them  below  curent  rates. 
In  finished  material  most  lines  are  iron  again  before  the  end  of  another  six  The  exceptions  to  this  rule  are  makers  of 
quiet  The  best  business  is  in  structur-  days.  Special  brand,  special  analysis,  certain  brands  from  the  interior  cf  the 
al  steel.  The  contracts  taken  in  June  basic  and  charcoal  iron  continue  to  com-  State  where  makers  are  not  allowing  any 
amounted  to  about  180,000  tons.  Negotia-  mand  good  prices.  There  is  no  delay  in  small  concession  to  lose  them  an  order, 
tions  and  inquiries  are  pending  for  about  making  shipments.  During  the  past  two  or  three  weeks  ship- 
150  000  tons  more.  On  much  of  this  it  The  home  consumption  is  keeping  apace  nients  of  Virginia  and  Alabama  iron  have 
is  believed  that  low  prices  will  be  made,  with  the  record  set  some  weeks  since,  found  their  way  into  this  territory;  even 
1  50c  down  to  1.45c.  being  quoted  on  The  cast-iron  pipe  and  machinery  mak-  this  fact  does  not  influence  makers  of 
some  contracts;  this  will  doubtless  be  ers,  the  foundries  and  other  consumers  good  iron  to  yield.  Gray  forge  has  de- 
followed  by  others.  in   home   territory   are   losing  no  time.  veloped   activity,  as  a   number  of  plants 

The  Steel  Corporation  will  not  be  in-                                  —_ had   allowed   their  mills   to   run   low   in 

vestigated   just   now,   the   resolution   of-  Chicago  stocks,  in  the   expectation    of    a    break 

fered  in  Congress  for  such  a  proceeding  June    27— The    iron    market    is    very  which   has  not   materialized.     Basic  iron 

having  been  held  back  by  the  Rules  Com-  quiet,   but   there   continues   to   be   a    fair  has  sold  better  during  the  past  week  or 

mittee  until  the  adjournment.     The  reso-  aggregate  volume  of  buying  for  the  needs  two.     As  a  rule  there  is  very  little  antici- 

lution  asked  for  information  to  determine  of   the    third    and    fourth    quarters,    with  pation  of  requirements.     Fair  brands  of 

whether   the    corporation    does    not    con-  most  melters  preferring  to  buy  in  small  No.  2  X  foundry  have  been  sold  within  a 

stitute  a  combination  in  restraint  of  trade  lots  for  needs  actually  in  sight  within  the  few  days  at  $16.75,  with  gray   forge  SI 

contrary  to  the  law.  next  30  to  90  days.     The  movement  to-  lower  and   basic   firm   at  $16.     Southern 

Sinictural   Steel-lhe    American     Iron  ward  general  buying  for  the  last  quarter  gray  forgeis  being  offered  at  $15,  or  un- 

and    Steel     Association    gives    the     pro-  has  lulled,  melters  being  encouraged   to  der. 

duction    of    structural     shapes     in     the  hold   off    from    placing   contracts    by    the  Steel   Billets— The    only    sales    are    of 

United  States  in   1909  at  2,275,562  tons,  reports  of  general  overproduction  of  pig  forging  billets  for  immediate  delivery, 

the   largest   quantity  ever  reported.    The  iron.     With  this  belief  current,  the  mar-  Bars— A   number   of    bar    mills    have 

totals   for    10  years   have   been,   in   long  ket  naturally  tends  to  revert  to  the  buy-  ^gg^  endeavoring  to  load   up  with   busi- 

,ons:  '"8  °f  S"''^"  '°'®   *^°''  ^''■''y   delivery.  ^gsg  fg^  ,hg  fgn  months    at    concessions 

1900  '              81.5  161      iMo.-. Leac^iy  Southern  No.  2  continues  at  $11.50fi('  f^^^^   quoted   rates  but  the  inducements 

I90i:.:::!:  '■SJ^Vsoe      1907              fllo'lM  '-•   Birmingham,  which   means  $15.85rtT'  ^^g  ^ot  sufficient  to  bring  about  any  de- 

l9oi":    :   i!o95;8l.3      imis   .:::'.   libsai'isl  I6..35,    Chicago.      Northern    remains    at  parture    from    the     established     hand-to- 

190* ^■*9'"''      '^""               ^.■->7-'..>6J  c;i6.50r„l7    for    No.    2.      Lake    Superior  mouth  methods  of  doing  business. 

_    These  statistics  do  not  include  plates,  g.^^g^^,  j^  ^,^^^^.  ^^  sig.so.,  19  pet  ton.  sheets-Sa\es   have    fallen    off    chiefly 

girders   made    from    plates,   or   bars    tor  ^^^^   ^^d    steel   products   have   a   good  ^^^^^^^^     ^^^     j^^^^^      consumers      have 

reinforcing   concrete    work.      Plates    and  ^^^^_  structural  material  especially  show-  ^^           ^,^^^  ^^             ,j,g^  ^l^^g  ;„,„  ,^6 

concrete    bars    are    provided    for     unde  -^^    ^^^^^.^^^,       Coke    is    in    fair    demand.  f^„  ,^^^^   .^he  small  distributers  of  sheet 

other   classifications,   and    all    plates   cut  ^^g  ^gg,  Connellsville  bringing  $5.     Little  .^^^  ^^^  ^^^^.^^  constantlv  just  enough  to 

to    specifications    are    included     in     tne  business   in   pig   iron    is   being   done    for  ^.^^  orders   ' 

general   statistics  of  plates.  19]  1     deliverv,    though    melters    are    in-  ,   ^   ,          .    , 

...  .,_•.••         u     »   c    »  Pipes  and   Tubes — A    heavv    consump- 

Texas  Iron  Ore — A  cargo  ot   iron  ore  creasing  their  inquiries  about   first-quar-  .      ^,                  .              ,  j    •  '    ,  ,  „    „„h 

from  the  mines  at  Jefferson,  Texas,  con-  ,er  supplies.      Furnace   agents   are   hold-  tion    in   tubes   is    reported    in    large    and 

trolled  by  Charles  M.  Schwab  and  asso-  ing   to   higher   prices   than    those    quoted  ^"^^     P  ^"  ®- 

ciates    arrived   at   Philadelphia,  June  22.  for   1910   deliverv,   and   make   their   low-  Plates-Heavy    orders    for    plate     are 

The  cargo  is    1700  tons,   and   the   ore   is  est   quotations  on   third-quarter  delivery,  once  more  in  sight  because  of  the  large 

to  be  tested  in  the  blast  furnace,  prob-                                  amount  of  car  business  which  has  been 

ably  at  Bethlehem.    This  is  the  first  ship-  Cleveland  placed.    Prices  have  been  shaded  a  trifle, 

ment   from   the   mines.  June  27— The  ore  market  is  flat.  Ship-  but  not  on  the  ordinary  business  from  the 

ments  are  decreasing  and  are   limited  to  smaller  concerns. 

p  ij-  contract  business.     The   movement  is  so  Structural   Material — Large    orders  for 

„^     ^              J     .       ..            1    •  slow  that  the  independent  vessel  owners  structural  material  are  on  the  market  but 

.^r.'T.Z.Y.T    r'?    \'  "'T\Z  have  decided   to  lay   up   some  40  boats,  most  of  the  business  will  probably  go  to 

eluded  2  852,743  Ib^  structura    and  other  ^^  ^^^^^^  ^o  per  cent,  of  their  tonnage,  mills  west  of  the  mountains, 

steel   and   iron   to   Panama.     Imports   m-  _,  .          .          ^            ,      .          ,             ..  .         ,           ,        . 

eluded   50   tons   spiegelcisen,    2120   tons  ^h.s  action,  was  resolved  on  at  a  meeting  Scrap-Sales  of  scrap  have  been  almost 

ferromanganese  and  300  tons  silicospiegel  '^'^"^  ■■"^""y  '"  Cleveland.  nothing,  and  prices  are  weak.     The  only 

from   Great  Britain;   5200  tons   iron   ore  •'''«  /ron-Inquiries  are  coming  in,  but  sales    noted    are    of    wrought   pipes    and 

from  Spain;   32,000  tons   iron  ore    from  IXav  are  resulting  in  sales.  Offers  of  con-  tubes  and  some  heavy  melting  steel  scrap. 

/-.  u  cessions  have  been  made,  which  are  ex- 

pected   to   bring  business.     Bessemer   is  Pittsburg 

Birmingham  quoted  S 1 6.65 r*/ 16.90,  Cleveland,  with  j^^^  28— While  the  iron  and  steel 
June  27— Furnace  companies  in  the  the  lower  figure  most  common.  For  No.  market  is  generally  regarded  as  stagnant. 
Southern  territory  sold  about  their  make  2  foundry,  prices  are  SlS.aSiiyie;  all  the  fact  is  that  the  tonnage  keeps  ui3 
during  the  month  of  June,  if  not  a  little  Cleveland  delivery.  very  well,  pig  iron,  crude  steel  and  fin- 
better.  The  manufacturers  could  have  Finished  Material~^o[  much  new  ished-stecl  production  being  almost  as 
sold  a  large  quantity  of  iron  for  delivery  business  is  noted.  On  contracts  that  have  heavy  at  the  close  as  at  the  opening  of 
during   the   latter   part   of  the   year,   had  been   closed,   some   concessions   are    said  the  month.     That  the   industry  is  able  to 


July  2,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


45 


maintain  so  large  a  tonnage,  when  gener- 
al sentiment  is  unfavorable  and  no  one 
is  taking  material  except  for  absolute 
requirements,  furnishes  a  favorable  au- 
gury for  the  future. 

There  will  be  less  closing  of  iron  and 
steel  plants  in  July  than  was  e.\pected. 
Most  of  the  iron  mills  will  close,  with 
8  few  of  the  steel  plants,  but  on  the 
whole,  only  a  very  small  percentage  of 
the  operations  will  show  any  interruption. 

A  wage-scale  conference  is  being  held 
at  Detroit  between  the  Western  Bar  Iron 
Association  and  the  Amalgamated  Asso- 
ciation, but  a  settlement  at  this  time  is 
improbable.  Later  it  is  likely  the  local 
mills  which  recognize  the  Sons  of  Vul- 
can will  meet  that  organization.  Both 
unions  have  demanded  stiff  wage  ad- 
vances, which  are  not  at  all  likely  to  be 
granted. 

There  is  a  fairly  good  demand  for  wire 
products,  considering  the  season,  and 
buying  in  June  has  been  slightly  better 
than  in  May.  Prices  are  held  well  at 
the  concession  established  two  or  three 
months  ago  of  SI  a  ton  from  the  nom- 
inal prices  of  $1.85  on  nails  and  1.65c. 
on  plain  wire.  Plates  and  shapes  con- 
tinue rather  soft.  1.40c.  being  possible  on 
desirable   orders. 

Pig  Iron — Scattered  sales  of  foundry 
iron  have  been  made  in  the  local  mar- 
ket, aggregating  perhaps  6000  or  7000 
tons  in  the  week,  at  about  $14.50,  Valley, 
for  No.  2.  Inquiries  aggregating  35,000 
tons  of  bessemer,  basic  and  malleable 
have  been  withdrawn,  this  including 
12,000  tons  of  standard  bessemer  and 
malleable  asked  for  by  the  Oliver  Chilled 
Plow  Works,  for  second  half,  about  18.- 
000  tons  of  basic  asked  for  by  the  Colon- 
ial Steel  Company  for  the  year  begin- 
ning July  I,  and  one  or  two  smaller  lots. 
The  market  is  quotable  unchanged  as 
follows:  Bessemer,  $15.75;  basic, 
$14.75;  No.  2  foundry,  $14.50;  forge, 
$13.75;  malleable,  $15,  all  at  Valley  fur- 
naces, freight  to  Pittsburg  being  90c.  It 
is  possible  that  these  prices  could  be 
shaded,  but  on  the  other  hand  they  could 
not  be  done  for  delivery  to  the  end  of  the 
year. 

Fcrromanganese — The  market  con- 
tinues quiet  and  prices  are  not  strong. 
We  quote  .$39.50  for  prompt  and  S40(??, 
40.,S0  for  forward  deliveries,  f.o.b.  Balti- 
more, freight  to  Pittsburg  being  $1.95  per 
ton. 

-S/ff.'  -Inquiry  for  billets  is  light,  but 
there  is  considerable  negotiating  for  sheet 
bars,  mills  being  somewhat  slow  to  close 
nn  the  latter,  as  they  are  striving  ear- 
nestly to  develop  lower  prices.  The  mar- 
ket is  not  quotably  changed:  Bessemer 
billets,  SaSfr/ 25.50;  sheet  bars,  $26<ri 
26.50;  open-hearth  billets,  $28ft;28.50; 
sheet  bars,  $28.50r,;29,  all  f.o.b.  maker's 
mill,  Pittsburg  or  Youngstown  districts. 
Wire  rods  are  easier,  at  S30.50r(j3l  per 
ton. 


Skfc'ts — An  agreement  was  reached 
late  last  Wednesday  night  between  a  com- 
mittee representing  12  of  the  15  inde- 
pendent sheet  and  tinplate  producers 
who  have  hitherto  signed  the  scale,  and 
the  wage  committee  of  the  Amalgamated 
Association,  to  sign  the  existing  scale 
tor  another  year.  The  three  concerns  not 
represented  will  likely  sign  also.  The  de- 
mand for  a  10  per  cent,  advance  was 
probably  not  made  with  the  expectation 
that  it  would  be  granted.  The  15  con- 
cerns have  65  tin  and  74  sheet  mills, 
there  being  approximately  81  indepen- 
dent tin  and  136  independent  sheet  mills 
which  are  nonunion,  while  the  leading 
interest,  with  235  tin  and  184  sheet  mills, 
r;as  been  nonunion  for  a  year.  The  sheet 
market  shows  only  moderate  activity,  and 
the  concessions  of  about  32  a  ton  are  be- 
ing made  by  a  larger  number  of  mills 
than  formerly.  Nominal  prices  are  2.40c. 
on  black  and  3.50c,  on  galvanized  sheets, 
with  $1.70  for  painted  corrugated  roofin,'^ 
and  $3  for  galvanized. 


ill  METAL-  MARKETS  |(0 


Si.  Louis 
June  27 — The  pig-iron  market  shows 
no  improvement.  Practically  no  interest 
at  all  is  being  shown  by  consumers  in 
buying  for  any  time  at  any  price.  This 
seems  strange,  as  the  demand  for  fin- 
ished products  is  good  and  all  foundries 
are  running  full.  Prices  remain  un- 
changed at  $12  per  ton,  Birmingham  or 
S15.75,   St.    Louis. 


Sault  Ste.   Marie  Canal 
The  total   freight  passing   through   the 
Sault  canals  for  the  season  up  to  June  1 
was,  in  short  tons: 

llHUi.  I'.lll'.  CluinK«f. 

:t.H4,'i,433      S.O'.l.'i.OP:)      I.    4,24n,66ll 

i,:wi),.wii     -i.ana.iir.    i.   i,(i.v2,.'iti7 


Ea.Ht-hmilni.  . 
Wost-bound  . 


Total .■.,184,0112     10.4«7,I'.)',I      I.    .5.:«)2.2:t7 

The  total  number  of  vessel  passages 
this  year  was  3626,  showing  an  average 
cargo  of  2892  tons.  Mineral  freights  in- 
cluded in  the  totals  were  as  follow,  in 
short  tons  except  salt,  which  is  given  in 
barrels: 

U'OH.         Ifllii.  Chnnc'S. 


C(.nl 

Iron  oro 

Plj:  niirl  ninii.  Inui 

Ci»|>pnp 

HiilMln;;  stone 

Snlt,  1)1)1 


I  .llSd.Slill  i.Mi;.'}!)!.   I.  '.«9,4(l(l 

:l,ll-i.'<,r,(i;P  l).',KI2.1i.'ill   I.  ;i,!ifi4,im 

I1.-I.IKH)  •M.'ia   I,  20,703 

21,r.l3  22,2112   I,  .WO 

450           D.  4r>ll 

1I>4.:M0  150.143  D.  .•>.107 


Iron  ore  thi?  year  was  66.7  per  cent, 
snd  coal  19.5  per  cent,  of  the  total  freight. 


22  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE  ||g 


Hclgiiin  Irar,  Production — The  make  of 
pig  iron  in  Belgium  for  the  five  months 
ended  May  31  was:  Foundry  iron,  37,- 
540;  forge  iron,  85,460;  bessemer  and 
basic  pig,  630,220;  total,  753,220  metric 
tons,  an  increase  of  151,270  tons  over 
last  year. 

British  Iron  Ore  Imports  — Imports  of 
iron  ore  into  Great  Britain,  five  months 
ended  May  31,  were  2,345,119  tons  in 
1909  and  1.109,788  tons  in  1910;  an  in- 
crease  of   764,669   tons. 


New  York,  June  29 — The  metal  mar- 
kets continue  without  much  change  and 
no  improvement  in  prices,  though  a  fair 
business  has  been  done  in  some  lines. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


1  MTKl)     ST.VTES     GOLD 

AND     SILVEH     MOVE.\IV:Nr 

Metul. 

Exi)ort8. 

Imports. 

E.ii;ce88. 

Golrt: 

Miiy   lOIil.. 

$     717,li78 

$  3,143.338 

I  mi) 

$  2.425,WiO 

■•       1000.. 

11.171,20.5 

2.2ta,721 

Exp. 

8.UU7..544 

Yi'Hr  lOlU.. 

4",017.:«« 

14,8I2,U14 

33.104,770 

"       lOOil.. 

3,'-..4«7,SOI 

17.707.8.57 

" 

:17,720,034 

Sllv.r : 

Ma.v    1010.. 

4,170.7.54 

3.;«i4.715 

Exp. 

8le,039 

■•      1000.. 

4,42K,84« 

3,8!)7,:«1H 

571,000 

Year  1010. . 

22,.5()li.S<5 

18,603,:i40 

" 

3,013,486 

■•      1000.. 

23,H.%4.f.20 

18,5;«,753 

5.321.876 

lOvpoils  fioni  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
.•iiili'd  ,riiue  25:  Gold,  lf(;i.".."i :  silver,  .'Jl.Kil,- 
2111,  thielly  to  Ijondon  and  I'arls.  Imports: 
Cold.  iflls.OSO,  cbletly  from  South  America: 
silver,  .$70,120,  chiefly  from  Central  America. 

Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  four 
months  ended  May  31,  as  valued  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department  of  Com- 
merce and  Labor: 

Mercliimillse  : 


1009. 

E.\I)orl» $    67ll..53:i..">81 

Imports .5t>3,;)32,lii;i 


$    67ll,9:t:t.71)3 
l>8U.t'>46,070 

I.  S  3,712.367 
3.013,486 
33.104,770 

Net  export  bnlalice $      33.305.8«l 

The   gold   and   silver  movement  in  de- 
tail will  be  found  in  the  table  above. 


Excess E.$  77.'2')1,418 

Deduct  excess  of  exports,  silver 

Deduct  excess  ot  exports,  gold 


Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  June  16,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell: 

1900.  1910.             Changes. 

.     £2,.500,4(KI  £2.749,5IKI  I.    £    1.50,100 

1.U75,1IK1  1,113.000  I.            M.iW 

82.800  D.  82.800 


lliclili.... 

China 

Straits... 

Total i::i.7.57.;iiKi     j;;i.Hr,;).OiW     I.    £    105.700 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  15.94d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week.  Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell  write: 
"China  still  holds  aloof  from  the  Lon- 
don market  and  business  is  reported  as 
almost  at  a  standstill,  the  speculation  in 
rubber  shares  being  again  mentioned  as 
a  disturbing   factor." 

Go/rf— There  has  been  no  special  de- 
mand, and  the  price  on  the  open  market 
in  London  was  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for  bars 
and  76s.  5d.  per  oz.   for  American  coin. 

P/ii//num— The  market  is  rather  quiet, 
but  firm.  Dealers  ask  $32  per  oz.  for 
refined  platinum  and  $37  per  oz.  for  hard 
metal. 


sii.vi: 

11    ANT 

STUnl.INO 

EXCHANGE 

.lune. 

■a 

24 

2S 

27 

28 

29 

New  York.... 

l.ondi>n 

SterllnK  Ex. 

S3«.' 
4.8646 

.53', 

24  (* 

4.8610 

.53'', 

24»ii 

4.8625 

53S 
4.86^0 

.53>j; 

24  »i 

t.scao 

63X 
4.8615 

New  York  quolallons,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 

IIP      qll<>.>-<   •      T  nairlAn        r\nw*rtn     nni>     n>in/>A       atAI'llncr 

silver. 


flue  sliver  :   London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
n.!)23  nnc. 


Silver— The  market  continues   remark- 
ably steady  with  no  new   features.     The 


46 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


price  is  sustained  chiefly  by  Indian  bazaar 
buying. 

Gold    and    silver   movement    in    Great 
Britain  five  months  ended  May  31 : 

Imports.     Exports.  Excess. 

Gold £26,.i2i;,1.53  £■20,171,74.1  Imp.  £6.3.i4,41]N 

Gold,  1909...    JVJW.ieS     17,8911,7.57  Imp.     H.367,7US 
Sliver .i,.51.3.(M9       .5.624,343    Exp.         111,294 

Silver,  1909.      5,193.919       .5,345,ti(15    Exp.         lh\.m\ 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Load. 

Zinc. 

^ 

-J       . 

a 

lis 

,- 

.^. 

-  a 

's-~ 

-S 

.2  2 

S2 

is 

Bs^ 

S?S 

a 

3 

s2 

■as 
9S, 

p. 

56 

BO 

Am 

O 

!55 

aoo 

=c.s 

12  f« 

12'i 

4.32i 

4.20 

4.95 

■£i 

®1234 

ffll2« 

54% 

32% 

(S)4.35    ffl4.'22J 

(S4.97i 

Via 

12>i 

4.32J      4.20 

4.95 

24 

®V2\ 

(S)lV4 

55A 

32^ 

ffl4.3.5 

®4.^22i 

(34.97^ 

11% 

12K 

4. 32  J 

4.20 

4.95 

?.5 

(SViii 

mvi 

32^ 

(2)4.3.5 

®4.2'25 

©4.975 

V2% 

12« 

4.32J 

4.22i 

4.95 

27 

(S)12?4 

®12% 

■54iJ 

32 'j 

fS)4.37i 

(3)4. -25 

(34.975 

12^4 

12  >» 

4. 32  J 
(34. 37  J 

4.22i 

4  95 

28 

ffll2Ji 

(Suy, 

54?i 

32% 

(®4.25 

(34.974 

12  >i 

12« 

4.325 

4. 22  J 

4.95 

29 

ffll2Ji 

ffll2?; 

S'li-j 

32% 

(34. 37  J 

(S)4.^25 

(34.975 

London  quotations  are  per  long  ton  |2240 
lb.)  standard  copper.  Tbe  New  York  quota- 
tic  ns  for  electrolytic  copper  are  for  cakes, 
ingots  and  wirebars,  and  represent  tbe  bulk 
of  tbe  transactions  made  with  consumers. 
basis  New  York,  cash.  The  prices  of  casting 
copper  and  of  electrolytic  cathodes  are 
usually  0.125e.  below  that  of  electrolytic. 
The  quotations  for  lead  represent  wholesale 
tiansactlons  in  the  open  market.  The  quota- 
tions on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  Western 
brands;   special  brands  command  a  premium. 

Copper — There  has  not  been  much  to 
encourage  buying  during  the  last  seven 
days,  but  nevertheless,  a  good  deal  of 
business  has  been  transacted,  owing  to 
the  fact  that  manufacturers'  supplies  are 
now  very  low  and  have  to  be  replenished. 
Production  at  the  refineries  has  been 
somewhat  interfered  with  by  the  hot 
weather,  and  reports  from  Europe  are  to 
the  effect  that  consumption  over  there  is 
good  and  that  manufacturers  there  are 
also  poorly  covered.  At  the  close,  Lake 
copper  is  quoted  at  125/^rt|12^c.  and 
electrolytic  copper  in  cakes,  wirebars  and 
ingots  at  I2ysfa'l2}ic.  Casting  copper  is 
quoted  nominally  at   \2(a'\2%   cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  18W19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  has  been  reduced  '/ic  and  is 
now   14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  London  market  for  standard  cop- 
per has  been  a  dragging  one,  and  without 
special  feature.  It  closes  at  £54  8s.  9d. 
for  spot,  and  £55  3s.  9d.  for  three 
months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
quote:  English  tough,  £58;  best  selected, 
£59(ft59  10s.;  strong  sheets,  £67@68  per 
ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  v/eek  were  5865  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  at  2801  tons. 

Tin — Speculation  seems  to  be  entire- 
ly absent  from  the  London  market,  judg- 


ing from  the  small  transactions  and  in- 
significant price  changes  during  the  past 
week.  There  was  a  fairly  good  sized 
buying  of  spot  tin  by  dealers  in  this  mar- 
ket— no  doubt  to  even  up  engagements 
for  June  delivery.  Consumers  are  still 
abstaining  from  buying  future  deliveries 
and  are  covering  their  requirements  from 
hand  to  mouth.  The  London  market 
closes  steady  at  £148  15s.  for  spot  and 
£149  15s.  for  three  months,  and  New 
York  at  32lic.  for  spot. 

Lead — The  market  is  quiet  and  un- 
changed at  4.22' :.rt(  4.25c.,  St.  Louis,  and 
4.32',-<r?(4.37';e.,  New  York. 

The  London  market  for  Spanish  lead 
in  unchanged  at  £12  15s.,  and  for  Eng- 
lish lead  at  £12  17s.  6d.  per  ton. 

Spelter — The  market  is  quiet,  and  the 
few  orders  that  present  themselves  are 
eagerly  competed  for.  It  is  reported  that 
the  galvanizing  business  has  fallen  off 
somewhat,  but  there  has  been  some  de- 
mand for  prompt  shipment.  At  the  close, 
St.  Louis  is  quoted  at  4.95@4.97'/$c.,  and 
New  York  at  5.10rd)5.12^  cents. 

New  York  quotations  for  spelter  June 
23-29  were  SAOfa  5A2' j  cents. 

The  London  market  for  good  ordinaries 
is  higher  at  £22  I5s..  with  £23  quoted  for 
specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,   discount. 


Other  Metals 

Aluminum — The  market  is  still  quiet 
and  prices  are  a  shade  lower.  We  quote 
No.  1  ingots  at  23'4C.  per  lb..  New  York 
delivery.  The  foreign  market  is  reported 
a  little  easier  than  it  has  been. 

Antimony — The  market  remains  quiet. 
Cookson's  is  quoted  at  8.15((t'8.20c.  per 
lb.  Other  prices  are  7''8@8c.  for  U.  S.; 
lii(q:7'Sc.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — New  York  quotations  are 
S47  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  orders; 
$48^549  for  jobbing  lots.  San  Francisco, 
$46(?7  46.50  for  domestic  orders  and  $2 
less  for  export.  The  London  price  is  £8 
15s.  per  flask,  with  £8  12s.  6d.  quoted  by 
jobbers.     Business  is  rather  quiet. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40r;;45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  SI. 50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b. 
New   York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  65 
T;70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 


Spanish  Metal  Exports 


Exports  of  metal  and  mineral  from 
Spain,  four  months  ended  April  30,  re- 
ported by  Revista  Minora,  in  metric  tons: 


Metals.  l'.«)9.  1910.  ChangBel 

Pig  and  mauuf.  iron  19,429  17,310  D.  2,li''^ 

Co|,|]er i;,ll07  4,647  D.  I    i 

Ctuqier  pi'ecipitatp..  5,811  5,162  D. 

Lead .51,7.52  59,492  I.  7,;j 

Zinc H16  646  D.  17i 

Quicksilver 631  825  I.  19. 

Mineral.**. 

I r. in  ore 2.488,033  3,062,733  I.  574.7(* 

Manganese  ore 1,650  2,482  I.  8:i 

Cnpuer  ore 381,6.50  312,331  D.  Si'.-fl 

Lead  ore 974  1,19U  I. 

Zinc  ore 40,431  45,790  I.  i. 

Pyrites,  iron 431,011  436,609  I. 

Salt 190,878  170,'2]6  D.  ■2(ijj 

Imports  of  phosphates,  33,995  tons  ii 
1909,  and  41,640  in  1910;  nitrate  of  soda 
17,048  in  1909,  and  19,614  tons  this  year 


Zinc  and  Lead    Ore    Markets 


Joplin,  Mo.,  June  25 — The  highes 
price  paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  $4* 
per  ton,  the  base,  $38@40  per  ton  o 
60  per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silicate  sold  a: 
high  as  $27  per  ton  on  a  base  of  S2< 
(5'24  per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  Th 
average  price,  all  grades  of  zinc,  wa 
$37.38.  Lead  prices  continue  unchange, 
at  $49,  with  the  usual  deductions  fo 
each  1  per  cent,  under  80  per  cen 
grades.  The  average  price,  all  grades  c 
lead,  was  $48.76  per  ton. 

The  retord  lead  shipment  of  the  yea 
was  made  this  week,  indicating  that  pro 
ducers  who  have  been  holding  largt 
quantities  no  longer  expect  a  higher  mar 

SHIPMENTS.  WEEK  ENDED  JUNE  25, 


Zinc,  lb.  Lead  lb 


Webb  City-CartervlUel 

Joplin 

Alba-Neck 

(Tranby 

Galena 

(Ironogo 

Miami 

Dueuweg 

Spnrgeon 

.\nrora 

Badger 

Sareoxle 

Carl  J\i!n'tion 

(.'artbage 

Quapaw 

Reeds 


4,'295, 
1,877 
677 
961 
497, 
607, 
214, 
362, 
150, 
4.50, 
346, 
357, 
•205, 
121, 
49, 
47, 


,010 
,610 
390 
,«» 
,960 
,560 
.8601 
,8301 
.410 
,.340 
,700 
,820 
,960 
,490 
.220 
,230 


1,424,100 

296.970 : 

.s,800 

1,IK)0 

154,840 

540, 

325.870 

144.980 

■233,070 

48,980 


Totals  . 


Value. 

$116,::- 

u... 

13.MI 

13,-2b 
11,6.1' 
10.'2(V 
10,07' 
8.77' 
8.04'. 
6,93- 
5,151 
4,5Ci 
2,491 

9a> 

46', 


11,123,410    2,657.450     $272,71 


Six  months ■285,'219,160  42,664,480    $6.Sl'J.'21i 

Six  mo8.  last  year  .  .■293,631.4'20  46,709,640  6,668,6'2l 
Zinc  value,  tbe  week,  $207,908;  6  mos.,  $5,705,08(' 
Lead  value,  tbe  week,     64,805;       6  mos.,    1.107.1'2> 

MONTHLY   .\VEK.\(!K   I'ltlCES 


'.Jantiary 

February.. . . 

March 

April 

May 

-lune 

.July 

-August 

Septt^Illb(»r  .  . 

October 

November.. . 
Dei;ember.  . . 

Year. 


Base  Price.     All  Ores. 


$41 
36 
37 
38 
40 
44 
43 
48 
47, 
49. 
51 
49 


.  $43.98 


$47.31 
40.69 
43.60 
41.00 
40.19 


1909.  1910. 


$.38.46 
34.37 
34 .  71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.54 
44.87 
46.75 
48.29 
47.67 


r 


$45.16 
39,47 
39.71 
39  33 
37.  .51 


Lead  Obe 


1909.     1911). 


$.56.9!! 
53. W  ' 
.■.l.'2f 
49.7'.' 
48.11'. 


$41.20 $54.60  . 


Note — Under  zinc  ore  the  (irst  two  i-'il- 
innns  give  base  prices  for  <»0  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  the  second  two  the  average  for  all  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  average  for 
all    ores   sold. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


47 


ket,  or  must  of  necessity  market  their 
holdings.  It  is  estimated  there  are  be- 
tween 1000  and  1500  tons  of  this  mineral 
still   in  bins  in  this  district. 

The  receipt  of  information  this  even- 
ing that  two  blocks  of  the  zinc-smelting 
works  at  Cherryvale  are  on  dead  fire, 
two  at  Neodesha  are  out  of  commission 
and  one  each  at  Caney  and  Deering  have 
been  blown  out,  indicates  a  reduction  of 
approximately  650  tons  decrease  in  the 
demand  for  zinc  ore. 

Plattcville,  Wis.,  June  25— The  high- 
est price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was 
$42.50  per  ton;  the  base  price,  60  per 
cent,  zinc,  w-as  S40(Q41.  The  base  price 
paid  for  80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was 
$49ra50   per   ton. 

SIIIl'MENTS,  WEEK  ENDED  JUNE  25. 
Camps. 


Ziiio 
ore,  lb. 

Highland 4Hk,1iki 

Oali'iia 4ii«,:«lii 

Plattcvlllti :ilW,Iiji) 

Cubai'lty 174.:«0 

Bunton »5,4l«J 

ShullHburg 


Leail    Sulphur 
ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 


•21-2.8IH) 
;HH.IHKI 


Total 1.5.')!),.'i(K) 

Year  to  dato 40,4-.>l  ,:-i'M\ 


1'28,01)0        .it'ill,8l»l 

;t,:no.9:)'.i   9,rei4,Hii3 


In  addition  to  the  above  there  w-as 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separat- 
ing plants,  3,374,355  lb.  zinc  concen- 
trates. 

Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent. 
iron  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  $4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
$4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
of  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quality  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore. 
around  50  or  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  $3f(7  3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Zinc  Ore — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende, 
delivered  at  Kansas  smelting  points,  the 
current  price  is  for  the  zinc  content,  less 
eight  units,  at  the  St.  Louis  price  for 
spelter,  less  S14^  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore, 
according  to  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
11(f?ll'jC.  per  unit,  delivered  at  eastern 
acid  works;  fines,  XOy^OfWc.  Pyrites 
containing  arsenic  realize  from  'A^^i'Ac. 
per  unit  less. 


Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  $6.50@7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  for  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  Forscheel- 
ite  ores,  50c (a  SI. 50  per  unit  less. 


CHEM  ICALS 


New  York.  June  29 — Deliveries  on  con- 
tracts continue  steady,  but  outside  of 
that  business  in  chemicals  is  rather  quiet. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  fair  and 
prices  unchanged  at  S4  per  100  lb.  for 
carload  lots  and  $4.25  per  100  lb.  for 
smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic  Business  is  not  active,  sales 
being  about  100  tons  for  the  week.  Prices 
are  again  a  shade  lower,  S2.25fj2.35  per 
100   lb.   being   quoted    for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  is  rather 
quiet,  as  usual  at  this  season.  Spot  ni- 
trate has  firmed  up  a  little,  sales  having 
been  made  at  2.10c.  per  lb.  Futures  are 
unchanged,  at  2.10c.  per  lb.  for  all  posi- 
tions. 


Petrol. 


wing   statement   of  pipe-line 

ries   and   stocks   in     May     is 

the   Oil  and  Gas  Journal; 

in  barrels  of  42  gal.  each: 


The  folio 
runs,  delive 
compiled  by 
figures   are 

Fi«l(l  : 
Pennsvlvanla  . . 

Illlnnls 

Mlil-Coullneut.. 

Gulf  Coo-tt 

California 

Total 

As  compared  with  April,  there  was  an 
increase  of  835,616  bbl.  in  production, 
and  a  decrease  of  821.711  bbl.  in  de- 
liveries. 


Pro- 
duction. 
■2.S71,i)'l 
•2,:«W.91W 
4.619,240 
l,17«.0fi:) 
7.098,884 


Df- 
llvories. 
c.KjO.sca 

946..'J4C 

4.aG5.yi> 

1,002,811 
5,U1K),UOO 


Stocks, 
June  1. 

16,901,411-. 

29.125,028 

.'•.5,915,0:«l 
5,97l,:m 

2.1,600,01X1 


. ..  18.1.54.151     17,475,937     l:)I,512.8l« 


6< 


MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  June  29 — The  general  stock 
markets  have  been  weak  and  only  moder- 
ately active.  On  comparatively  small  sales 
prices  have  shown  generally  a  downward 
tendency.  There  has  been  no  apparent 
effort  to  support  the  market  in  any 
quarter. 

On  the  Curb  business  was  also  slow. 
Most  of  the  copper  stocks  sold  off  frac- 
tionally. Cobalt  shares  were  fairly  ac- 
tive, with  only  small  changes  in  prices. 
Goldfield  Consolidated  was  the  most  ac- 
tive stock  on  the  market  and  held  up  well. 
Other  Nevada  stocks  were  not  active. 

Sales  of  securities  at  auction  in  New 
York,  June  23,  included  8  shares  United 
States  Steel  common  at  :577  per  share;  10 
shares  Amalgamated  Copper.  S64.75  per 
share;  79  shares  Yukon  Gold,  $4.18^4  per 
share;  18  temporary  certificates  Yukon 
Gold,  $3.62':  per  share;  50  shares  Balak- 
lala  Copper,  S5  for  the  lot;  1000  shares 
Great  Cariboo  Mining.  14c.  per  share; 
100  shares.  Greene  Consolidated  Gold 
and    a     participation    certificate    Mitchell 


Mining  Company,  $7  for  the  lot;  $2000 
Passaic  Steel  first-mortgage  bonds,  $180 
for  the  lot. 

Boston.  June  28 — There  is  little  or  no 
interest  in  copper  shares.  Naturally  prices 
are  weak  as  there  is  nothing  in  the  situa- 
tion to  warrant  any  immediate  improve- 
ment. A  further  indication  of  the  times  is 
the  reduction  in  the  Osceola  Mining  semi- 
annual dividend  rate  from  S6  to  S4.  This 
had  been  expected,  so  that  nothing  un- 
favorable came  as  a  result. 

Butte  &  Ballaklava  directors  declared 
?.n  initial  dividend  of  50c.  for  the  quarter, 


coi'i'ER  rrtoniJCTioN  kei-orts. 

Copper  contents  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


Company. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

Arizona.  Ltd 

Bnlnklala          .    . 

2.8«ll,(>00 
1 .2ii:t.73;) 
2,148.;)8:) 

10,811>.l,488 
2,H20.(HHI 
:!,71K).0IKI 
1,1198.975 
825,000 
6.:):)9,4(i« 
2.li74.(K)0 
1.41W.000 
2.:t7o.oi»i 
7.«5:l.-288 
24.000.000 
19.250.000 

2,340,000 
1,1011,311 
2,777,800 
11,920.000 
2,401I.1HI0 
4.2f.2,O00 
1,9311,01.10 
8IKI,000 
5,500  000 
2,325,01  Kl 
1,288,01X1 

■•,vw  1100 

7.9lt2,M3 
25,01  Kl,000 
in,260,l«Kl 

•j,iii«,ooo 

1.148,71)2 

Boleo  (Mexico) 

Coppi  r  Oueen 

raliiniet  A:  ATix 

Cananea  (Me.\lco)-- 
Detroit             .      ,., 

2,735,1180 

1,778,000 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con.  {Est.l. 
Olil  Dominion 

5  600,000 
2,174,000 
1.32tl,0IK> 

SuiMTlor  &  PIttf* 

Utah  t'oplier  Co 

llutte  District 

Lake  Superior 

2.27i;.000 

24.85b'.o6o 
19,260,000 

Total  production. 
1  III  ports,  bars,  etc.. 

89.:>li«.867 

20,178,202 

C.181,47fi 

81i  9;t4,754 
2U8U,;»6 
12,!527,371 

T.ital 

116,72i;.545 

120,1>42,.521 

Hiiiii'  district  and  Lake  Superior  figures  are 
fsilmaiiMl:  others  are  i-epurls  received  from 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  prodncllon  of 
(annnrn.  and  that  part  of  Copper  c^iieen  pro- 
duction wliich  comes  from  Xacozari.  Boleo 
I'opper  does  not  come  to  American  reflners. 
rtah  Copper  report  from  February  includes 
the  output  of  the  Boston  mill. 

STATISTICS  OF  COPrEK. 


Month, 

CnlMid 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

VI,  1909 

VII 

Ilf>,5li7.493 
118,277,11113 
120,697, 2;t4 
U8,ir2.3,13;i 
124.i;57,70il 

I2i,i;i8.3r.9 

117,828,1»5 

«0,691,lir> 

75,620,08;f 
.59,B14.2U7 
.52,105,9,56 
611.3.59.017 
lll!.8l>7,873 
119,519,501 

7O,90fi,467 
76,018,974 
48,382,704 
60,077,777 
5(l,2rd.238 
.56,2f*..596 
59.,54C.570 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

XII... 

Year 

1.405,40:t,0,5i; 

705,051  „591 

1180,942,C-20 

1. 1910 

II 

110,547,287 
ir2,712,4'.Kl 
120.0li7,41-.7 
117,477,l«9 
123.242.47B 

78,158,387 
f,(l,«18,322 
112,844,818 
«7,985,951 
59.305.222 

81,691,672 
37  ;^69  518 

Ill 

40,.586,7117 

IV  .           ... 

31.;)32,4.34 
45,495,400 

V 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

Dnitod 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

VI,  1909 

VII 

VIII 

1119,848,141 
l.'>4.8."i8,0lll 
122,.'>9ll,r.ll7 
1:15,1911,9:111 
151,472.772 
1.5;i,.'i09,li2ll 

l5:i,oo:<,627 
141,7011,111 
98,4ii:i,:t:t9 
107.187,9112 
12:1.824,874 
141,984, l.V.l 
1110,425,973 

127.352,'.lllll 
1.51>.9'28,'.11HI 
171,492,11111 
197,9'.13,11<I11 
2lll.2-24,lllNi 
2-22,.'.HH.4011 
'2:lll.8.'.7,l'illli 
244.'2114.81HI 
248,2;lll.8im 
2.54.1.M1,41HI 
249,1125,lll«l 
2411,870,4INI 
2:19,142,400 

297,21d,101 
:105,787,021 
294,0.88,7117 
3;i:i,i9ii,5:i0 
3111,11911,772 
;i7ii,07f..ir2fi 
:iN9,8(11.127 
:).15,971I,911 

IX 

X 

\I 

xn  

I,  1910 

II 

Ill 

:)4I1.700,I39 
:ir.l  ,:t:i8,:i92 

IV 

:t73,460,474 
:I88,8.54,659 

V , 

VI 

399,668,373 

Fl::ures  are  in  pounds  of  flne  eopner.  V.  S. 
prodnctltui  Inrludes  all  copper  retined  in  thU 
country,  hot  It  from  domes)  ir  nutl  imported 
material.  Visil)Ie  stoclis  aro  tliose  reported 
on  the  ilrst  day  of  each  inonlh.  as  brougbt 
over   from   the  prt'cedlnt:  month. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


but  even  this  had  been  discounted  and  so 
was  not  felt  marketwise.  North  Butte 
made  a  new  low  record  at  $23.50  today 
but  this  is  not  surprising  as  things  go. 

Another  low  record  is  the  price  of 
Amalgamated  Copper  shares,  at  the  close 
$60  per  share — a  decline  of  some  S5  dur- 
ing the  week. 

Curb  prices  have  also  been  weak,  with 
a  minimum  of  business.  Both  Rhode 
Island  Coal  and  Massachusetts  Coal  are 
materially  lower.  Davis-Daly  and  Ohio 
continue  under  pressure  while  Chino  con- 
tinues to  be  absorbed  at  the  lower  level  of 
prices  now  in  vogue. 

Mexico  Consolidated  reached  a  low  at 
75c..  against  a  high  a  year  or  two  ago  at 
$15.  This  company  has  had  a  somewhat 
uncertain  career,  although  it  has  paid 
dividends.  A  stockholders'  committee  is 
now  investigating  the  company's  affairs. 

As.sessine«ts 


TIN   AT    NEW    YORK 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 


June  28. 


Company. 


Alameda,  Ida 

Alta.  Nev 

Amador,  Ida  

Belchor.  Nev 

Bnttc-AlHs-ScoU 

CalHdoiii.i.  Nf'v 

Contr.il  Eureka,  Nev 

ChoUar,  Nev 

Crown  Point.  Nev 

Daviy-Daly.  Mont 

Davis-Daly.  Mont 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nev 

Hancock  Con.,  Midi 

Jostice,  Nev 

May  Day,  Utah 

Ophir,  Nev 

Reindeer,  Ida 

Bhodt*  I.sland  Copper,  Mich. 

Scottisli  Chief,  Utah 

Sierra  Nevada,  Nev 

Yankee  Coiis..  ITtali 

Yellow  Jacket,  Nev 


Delinq.     Scile.      Amt. 


June  10 
July  4 
FoIj.  24 
July  4 
July  1 
June  17 
Ijune  1-2 
IJuly  3 
June  26 
July 
Sept. 
llulv  17 
A  U.Oct. 
June  2.^ 
July  1.5 
July  4 
May  31 


July 
July 
Juno 
July 


July 
July 
July 
July 


Juno  21 
June  24 
June    9 


Aug. 
•July 


Aug. 
.\ug. 


July 
July 
July 


2$0.00i 
2n|  o.iw" 

30l  (1.01 
2'.1  O.lll 
1.11(1 

U.IO 
U.02J 
0.10 
0.10 

o..™ 

0,60 

0.10 

3.00 

0.03 

0.02 

0.25 

0.00  J 

0.50" 

0.01 

0.10 

0.02 

0.16 


31iMitlkly  Averae^e  Prioes  of  I>Ietn]s 

SILVER 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

JTniy 

Angust    

SepU^inlier . . 

Octoher 

Novoinix^r 

December 


Total 51.502' 


750  52 
472  51 
468  51 
428  53 
'J05  53 
538 
043 
126 
44U, 
023 
703 
226 


375 
534 
.454 
2-21 
H7U 


.843 
706 


23.706 


154 
794 
690 

483 


New    York,    cents    per    fine    ounce:    London, 
ponce    per    standard    ounce. 


cori'ER. 

New  Yobk. 

London. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

190!). 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

&.V.::::: 

Juno 

July 

13.S93 
12.949 
12.387 
12. .'>6) 
12.893 
13.214 
12.880 
13,M7 
12.870 
12.700 
13.126 
13.298 

13.620 
13.332 
13,265 
12,733 
12..W(i 

14.280  13.870 
13.296  13.719 
12.826  13.68(; 
12.93;  13,091 
13,238  12,886 
13,548  

61,198 
.')7 ,  688 
.66,231 
.67,363 
69,338 
.69,027 
.68.5,66 
69.303 
.69.021 
67.. 661 
68.917 
69.900 

60.923 
59 . 388 
69.214 
67.238 
50.313 

AURIIHt 

8optoml>er  . . 

Octoher 

Novointior... 
DoconilHu-. .. 

13,296 
13.210 
13,030 
13,,3.M 
13.647 

Year 

12.982 

13,336 

68,732 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28.06( 
2S.29( 
28.7::7 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

W.700 
:i2  92(1 
.v2   4(13 
32.97(; 
33.125 

July 

.\ut;u,st 

s.-ifteniber. 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29,125 
29,966 
30,293 
30,475 
30,8.69 
32,913 

29,725 

■■■;■■ 

I'rices  are   in    CPnt^i   |ier  pound. 


T-EAD 


Month. 

New  Y..rk. 

St    L..uis 

London. 

1909 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

4.175 
4.018 
3.986 
4.](i8 
4.287 
4.3.6(1 
4.321 
4.363 
4.342 
4.341 
4.371 
4..56( 

4.70IJ 
4.613 
4  469 
4:1711 
4.315 

4,025 
3.H0H 

3..s:i5 

4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4.227 
4,215 
4,215 
1,2.52 
4.4.59 

4.. 582 
4.44.5 
4  3(J7 
4 .  225 
4.1(» 

13.11:1 

13  :113 

13.  4:18 
13.297 
13.225 
13.031 
12. 563 
12,475 
12,781 
13.175 
13.047 
13,125 

13.650 
13.328 
13.003 
12.641 
12.. 650 

July 

August 

Sei)tonilM»r  . . 

October 

Nov(>mbei-  . . 
December.. . 

Year 

4.27: 

4.1.53 



13.049 

New   York   and   St.    I.ouis.   cents  per   puind. 
London,  pounds  sterlinji  per  long  ton. 

SPELTKU 


M<.nlh. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909, 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

Jauuai-y 

February 

March 

April 

May '.. 

5,141 

4 ,  889 
4,757 
4 ,  965 
5,124 
6.402 
5,402 
5,729 
5,796 
0,199 
0,:i81 
0,249 

6,101 
5 ,  569 

5  (■.:(7 

5   4:19 
5,191 

4.991 
4.7:1:1 
4  6117 

4  815 
4,974 
5,2.52 

5  252 
5 ,  579 
5 ,  646 
6,043 
0.2:11 
6,099 

5.:i51 

5  41:1 

5   4S7 

5  2k:i 

5.  (HI 

21.425 
21    .'.(,2 

21  4:l.s 
21  .5:11 

21,975 
22,000 
21,969 

22,906 
23,200 
23,188 
23,094 

23,:1.50 

23.188 
2:1. (.131 
22 . 409 
22  100 

July 

Augu.'st 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December... 

Year 

5,. 503 

5,:i.52 

22,201 

New   York  and   St.   Louis,   cents  per  pound- 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  lon.q:  ton. 

PRICES  OF  PIG   IRON  AT  PITTSBURG. 


January... 

February.. 

March 

.\pril 

May 

June 

July 

.\ugn8t 

September 
October..  . 
November. 
December. 


Year $17.46 


1909.     1910.     1909.     1910.     1909.     1910. 


$17.18 
10.73 
16.40 
16.79 
16.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.76 
19.90 
19.90 


No.  2 
Foundry. 


$19.90$16,40 
18, 90!  10,09 
18,53:  15,81 
18,28i   15  05 


17,10 


16,02 
15,84 
15,90 
10,17 
16,80 
17,81 
18,37 
,;   18,15 

,$16,46 


$17,98  $16 

17.21.  15 

10.93i  15. 

16.841  15. 

16.941  15, 

I  15. 

I  16. 

i  16 

17 

18. 

18. 

17. 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  June  28     .SALT  LAKE         Juno  28 


Name  of  Com  p. 


Listed  : 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con.. 

C.  K.  &  N 

D(K-tor  Jack  Pot.. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Uawlins.. 

Flndlay 

Gold  D<illai- 

Gold  Sovoi'efgn. .. 

Isabella  ...■. 

Mary  McKinney. . 

Pbai'maclst.     .. 

Portland 

Vindicator  . 

Work 

New  Yoi'lt.  cents  per  pound.     Electrolvllc  Is  Unlisted: 

for  cakes.  Inijols  or  wlrehnrs.    London,  pounds      Golden  Cycle 

sterllni;.   per  long  Ion,   standard  copper.  UnltedGoldMlnos 


Bid. 


.06  J 
.  02 1 
.18,1 
.09' 
.80J 
.861 
.06.1 
.08^ 
.16 
.03) 
.19.1 
..68  , 
."3!  I 
1.18 
97 
.(13J 

1.50 


Name  of  Comp. 

Caiisa 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus  Con... 

Daly  Jtidge :. 

Grand  Central 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  Boll.....  .. 

Little  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth. 
Mason  Valli'y  . . . . 

MaJ.  Mines 

May  Day 

Nevada  Hills 

New  York 

Piinc-e  Con 

Bed  Warrloi- 

Silver  KlngCoarn 

Sioux  Con 

Uncle  Sam 

Victoria 


Clg. 


..50 
.10 
..52 

;i .  .50 
i.:i2J 

.79 

1.10 

.15 

.20 

0  80 
t.58 

.01? 
1,721 
tl3- 

,69 
6  (Ml 
2, 27  J 

.23 

.261 
1.07} 


Name  of  Comp.     Clg. 


CoMSTocK  Stocks 

Atlanta 

Belcher  

Best  k  Belcher 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Exchequer 

Gould  &  Curry  ... 
Hale  &  Norcross  . 

Mexican 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi    

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union 

Yellow  Jacket 


.11 
.IM 

.49 
.41 
.17 
.10 
.72 
.90 
.70 
.20 
.16 
.20 
1.07 
,83 
,55 
40 
,21 
.27 

.;i2 

56 


Name  of  Comp.    Clg, 


MISC.  NEVAD.i 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Sandstorm    

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tram  ps  Con ! 


3.50 
.06 
.28 
.26 
.26 
.06 
.63 
.10 
.14 
.07 
.06 
.62 
.02 
.26 
.06 
.03 
.02 
.00 
.13 
.04 


N.  Y.  EXCH.        June  28 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated  .... 
Am.  Agri.  Chem. . 
Am.Sni.&Ref.,com 
Am.  8m.  *  Ref.,pf. 

An.Tcond.i 

Bethlehem  Steel.. 
Col.  &Hock.O.  &I. 
Colo.  Fuel  k  Iron. 
Du  Pont  P'd'r,  pf . 
Feder.al  M.  &  S,,. 
Great  N  or, .  ore  ctf . 
Nat'nalLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Ciuisol 

Pittsburg  Coal. . . . 
Republic  I&S.com. 
Republic  I  &  S,  pf. 
SlossSheffl'd.com. 
Sloss  Shetlield.  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Coijper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  t'ar.  Chem 


Clg 


62', 

4174 

73', 
102  »4 

:)8 14 

■2~% 
6', 

32  ?i 

87  >s 

41 

50  H 

72 
108 

19 
+18  V. 

31"., 

933i 

00 
117,4 

23 

41>4 
.  743^ 
115 

57  V. 


BOSTON  EXCH.  June  28 


Name  of  Comp. 


N.  Y.  CURB         June  28 

Name  ot  Comp. 

Clg. 

Bonanza  Creek . . . 

|3 

Boston  Cojjper 

18 

Bradou  Copper. . . 

i% 

B.  C.  Copiior 

6'» 

Buffalo  Mines 

2S 

Butte  Coalition... 

17 1, 

% 

Chino 

lOJi 

Cobalt  central 

08  >2 

Cobalt  Pi-ov 

{59 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

MS 

Cumberland  Ely.. 

P 

Davi.s-Dnly 

1.'. 

Dominion  Cop 

Elv  Con 

..50 

El  Rayo  .   . . 

3}^ 

Florence 

t2,22 

Gila  Coijper 

5», 

Glroux 

6% 

Gold  Hill 

iS 

GoldfleldCon 

il.'n 

Greene  Canauea.. 

1% 

Guanajuato 

1*» 

Guggen.  Exp 

186 

Kerr  Lake 

.OSlj- 

La  Rose 

i^i 

McKlnley-Dar-Sa. 

93 

Miami  Cojjper.... 

!»?» 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 

00 

Mont.  Shoshone. . 

tx 

Mont.-Tonoiiab... 

70 

Nev.  Utah  M.  &  8. 

?B 

New  Baltic 

'i 

Newhonse  M.  &  S. 

t3S 

Niplsslng  Mines.. 

11', 

Ohio  Coiiper  .,,  , 

1  I, 

Paellle  Sm,  ,t  M, . 

'  , 

Bay  Central 

■J    7^ 

Silver  (^ueon 

.:!5 

Standiuil  Oil 

610 

t).', 

8'i; 

Tono|iali 

Tonopab  Ex 

.90 

Tri-HuHlon 

v 

W,  Va,  Wyo,  Cop.. 

2,'„ 

Yukon  Gold 

4, '4 

Adventure 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com  .... 

JAtlantic 

[Boston  Con 

!Butte  &  Balak... 
Calumet  &  Ariz.. 
Calumet  &  Hecia 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly- West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Eoyale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best., 
Suijerior  &  Pitts., 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.S.  Smg.  &  Eef., 
U.S.Sm.&Re.,pd. 

Utah  .\pex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria  

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


Clg. 


383 
24  3i 

4>» 
13?i 

55i 
17 
llJi 
62 
640 
15 
.08 
01 

8 

7M 
11 
36 
16 

•2>. 
15 
15ii 

3« 
48  "i 
11 

i5i 

4 
48 
18), 
23>i 
10  >i 

0% 
33)4 
128 
13 
70 

9)4 
39>i 

9 
lOX 
50 

5)4 
.38« 
48>4 

3>i 
20 
3 

6% 
110 

IK 


BOSTON  CURB  June  28 


Name  of  Comp. 


LONDON        Juno  29 


Name  of  Com. 

Clg. 

DolOI'OS. 

Sti-atton'slnd 
Camp  HIrd.... 

£1  108   Od 

0  :i     ;t 

1  7      11 

F.H])eran'/.a. . .. 

2  i.s     ;i 

Toliibov 

El  OlT 

Orovlllo 
Mexico  Mines 

1    (I     (1 
1    M     9 

0     0       6 
9     8       9 

Ahmeek 

Biutrham  Mines.. 

Bosttpn  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

(Ihaniplon 

Chomung 

Cliief  Cons 

I'ons,  Ariz 

I'nihin 

<'ri'wn  Reserve... . 

First  Nat.  <'op 

Indiana 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine 

Novada-Douglas. . 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper 

Rliode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shattnck-Ari'/, 

South  Lake 

Superior  &  Globe. 

Trethewey 

Tu"lunine  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Clg. 


170 

1% 

.07 

2H 
8 
.05 

m 

.05>i' 


.49 
.'23 


.28 


.:iO 

'^^ 
9 
.50 


JLast  quotation. 


July  2,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


49 


am    XKKX    nn    nxx    nn    mx    my.    xxkk    nn    nu    xxxy    xnx    nn    x>yx    jook    xyyi;    xiiiix    m 


/Ifi  THE    MINING    INDEX  (^ 


^  A  CLASSIFIED  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  THE  CURRENT  ^ 
^LITERATURE    OF  MINING  AND   METALLURGY.     ^ 


\m.     n-it     wvk     xxxx     xvkx     xxxx    xxxx     xxxx     xityy    jotxx     vxxy     vm     xxxx    itxxx    vicyy    vyxx     xxxy    -iCinnK 


This  Index  is  a  oonvenit'iit  reference  to  tbe 
inrrcnt  lileralnro  of  niininR  iind  metalUircy 
liiililisheil  In  all  nl'  the  important  perioclicals 
of  llie  world.  We  will  ftirnish  a  i"|>.v  of  any 
arlU-ie  (if  in  print  i.  in  the  orisinal  lant;na^'e. 
for  the  price  (inoted.  Where  no  price  is 
quoted  .tile  ciist  is  unknown.  Inasmuch  as 
the  papers  must  he  ordered  from  the  pid)- 
lisliers,  there  will  he  some  delay  for  foreign 
paiiers.  Keinittance  must  he  sent  with  order, 
t'liupons  are  furnished  at  the  followln!;  pi'iees  : 
i;cie.  each,  six  for  .-si.  :!S  for  $.■>.  and  li"t  fm- 
.<1.">.  Whi'U  remittances  are  made  In  even 
(iollar.s,  we  will  rettirn  the  excess  over  an 
order  in  cotipons  if  so  reqnestea. 

CO.VL  AXD   COKE 

12,728 — AI.ABA.MA— Coal  Mining  in  Ala- 
bama. Ilenrv  M.  I'ayne.  (Kng.  and  Mln. 
.lourn..  .June  4.   I'.iKi;    i/.   p.)    20c. 

12.7;;il — AlSTItAI.IA— The  Geology  of  the 
Victorian  Cnal  iie|iosits.  T.  S.  Hart.  (Anst. 
Miu.    Stand..    Mar.   'jri.    1(1111;    1   p.  I    4(lc. 

1L'.T:!I1 — .VfSi'KIA — llie  gegenwiirlige  wirt- 
schaftliche  1-age  des  oesterrelchischen  Kohlen- 
iK'rghaues.  .Melhardt.  lOest.  Zeit.  f.  H.  ii. 
II.,  Apr.  :iii.   i;i|ii;   1 'i   pp.)    4llc. 

12.7.n  r.ItU.UKTTIXt!  —  A  t'omniercial 
i'uel-Itricpiit  IMant.  W.  II.  Blauvelt.  (Hull., 
A.  I.  M.  i:..  .luue,  V.no;  9%  pp.1  Iiiscus- 
slon  of  atiove  paper  bv  C.  T.  Malcolinson, 
K.   W.   Itaymimd  and   K.   W.   Parker.     -lOc. 

l-.'.7:!2  —  Hl!H.!ri;TTI\f;  —  Tbe  Kueinrl- 
quetting  Iniluslrv.  Charles  I..  Wright.  (ICng. 
-Mag..    .May.    liilii;    ■ny.,    p[i.,    illus.)    4i>c. 

12,7.'{3 — COKi:--The  Production  and  X'se 
of  Coke.  W.  Ilartman.  I  Kng.  and  Min. 
.lourn.,   .Tune   4.    T.ilii:    1",    pp.  i    L'lic. 

12.734 — CO.MHISTION  ^1V  COAL.  The. 
.loseph  A.  Holmes  and  Henry  Krelsinger. 
(Bnll.,  A.  I.  .M.  K.,  May,  lOlu ;  11 '4  pp., 
Illus.)    40c. 

12,7.X'i— CRrSHlXt;  STREXCTH  Ol'"  COAL 
and  tbe  Strength  of  Mine  Pillars.  Arthur 
.larman.  (.\ust.  Mln.  and  Kng.  Rev.,  Apr. 
."..    11110;    111',    |ip.,    Illus.l    40c. 

12,7.11; — Hl'ST — An  Analysis  of  the  Coal- 
liiist  Problem.  Audlev  II.  Stow.  (Kng.  and 
Min.    .Tourn..    .Tune    IK,    PUO ;    .I'/i    PP)    20c. 

12,737  —  IiT'ST  Kxperiments  Illustrative 
of  tbe  Intlammablllty  of  Mixtures  of  Coal 
liiist  and  Air.  I',  i'hilllps  Hedson.  (Iron 
and  Coal  Tr.  Uev..  .Tune  .3.  1010 ;  1  p.) 
Paper  liefore  Instn.  of  Min.   Kngi-s.     40c. 

12.73S — ni"ST-  Some  Memoranda  Concern- 
ing Coal  I  Mist  and  the  Kssentlal  Princijiles 
of  the  Coal-dust  Theory.  II.  W.  li.  llal- 
baum.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  ,Iune  3, 
llilo;  1 '{.  pp.)  Paper  liefore  Instn.  of  Mln. 
Kngrs.      40c. 

12.730— HIST  COI,I.KCTIN<;  at  the  Straf- 
ford Main  Cnlllerles  near  Barnslev,  I.eunard 
(Jill.  (.Tourn.  Brit.  Soc.  Mln.  Students, 
Apr.,    l',)lo;    (Pi    pp.,    Illus.) 

12.740— KI.KCTUIC  POWER — A  Storage 
Battery  ICxtension  to  a  Tbree-Pbase  Colliery 
Power  Plant.  Win.  Maurice.  ( Iron  and 
Coal  Tr.  liev..  .Tune  3.  lolii;  1%  pp..  Illus.l 
Paper   befiu-e    Instn.   of   Mln.    Kngrs.      40c. 

12,741- K()riPMKNT  The  Sinking  and 
Equipment  of  the  l.ltllelon  Collieries.  T.  11. 
Ballev.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev,.  .Tune  10. 
11)10;  2>0  pp..  Illus.l  Abstract  of  i>apiM-  be- 
fore the  South  StalTordsblre  and  Warwick- 
shire  Inst,   of   Mln.    Kngrs.      40c. 

12.742— KXPl.dSlONS  -Atmospheric  Pres- 
sure and  Mine  Kxplnsions.  W.  Ilartman. 
(Eng.  and  Mln.  .Tourn..  .Tune  4,  1010;  %  p., 
Illus.)     L'Oc. 

12.743  EXPLOSIONS  —  Pust  Explosions 
In  Coal  Mines.  V.  II.  Wilson.  (Yale  Scl. 
.Monthly,    .lune.    IIIIO;    2    |ip.)    40c. 

12.744— EXPLOSIONS  from  Coal  Hust  In 
Gngll.sb  Mines.  .Tames  Stead.  (Mln.  WId., 
June    l.S,    lOlii;    2    pp.)    2(1c. 

12.74.">-  KXPI.OSIOXS  -Lessons  frcuu  Coal 
Piist  Exidosliiiis.  I  Kng.  and  Mln.  .Tourn,. 
.Tnne  4.  IOI11;  in.  pp..  Illus. 1  Summary  of 
conclusions  of  Brillsh  mine  Inspectors  on  the 
exniosliui  at  the  Darrnn  eolllerv.  Cardiff  dis- 
trict.    20e. 

12.74(1  —  FILLlXr;  -  Remlilavage  Ilvdrau- 
Hnue.  .\ilillle  Ballot  and  Aduiphe  Iiemeure. 
(Rev.  I'nlv.  des  Mines,  Apr..   I'.ilo  ;  2o'.'.   pp.) 


12,747— ElLLIXf!— Sand  Filling  by  Means 
of  Water  In  Cerman  (.'cial  Mines,  (leo.  Fuger- 
berg.  Xotes  from  a  .lourney  to  Coal  Mines 
in  Westphalia  and  Silesia.  (.lernkonlorets 
Annaler.    .May    14.    I010 ;    10   pp.) 

12.74S — (;KI{.\I.\NY  —  Ausnutzung  minder- 
wertiger  Brennsloffe  auf  Zecben  des  Ober- 
bergauit-bezirks  liortmund  I.  Biiton  and 
liobbelstein.  (Cliickauf.  .\pr.  !)  and  .May  7, 
lillO;    (>:v,    pp.,    illus.)    (KIc. 

12,740— KANSAS  STATE  COAL  MINE. 
The.  C.  M.  Young.  (Eng.  and  Mln.  ,Tonrn., 
.Tune  4,   1910;  3'i    pp.,  illus.)    i>0c. 

12.7.-0— LKINITE— Methods  of  Mining  Lig- 
nite in  Ital.A'.  Charles  li.  King.  t  I'^ug.  and 
Min.  .Tourn..  .lune  4,  lOlii;  .-.-3  pp.,  Illus.) 
20c. 

12,7.".l  -MECHANICAL  PREPARATION  of 
Coal.  II.  II.  Stoek.  (Mln.  WId.,  .lune  11. 
1910;  4  [ip.i  .\bstract  of  paper  before  In- 
ternat.   Uy.   Fuel   .\ssn.      2(1c. 

12.7.-.2  — MINE  PONIES  —  Treatment  of 
Mine  Ponies.  .\.  II.  Stokes.  1  Coll.  (luardian. 
.\|ir.  l."i.  101(1 :  1  p.;  abstract  in  Kng.  and 
.Min.  .Tourn.,   .Tune   11.   IOI0;    1    p.)    2(ic. 

12.7,-3  —  NORTH  ERN  APPALACHIAN 
CO.Vl.FIELH.  The.  Rush  N.  Hosier.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .lourn..  May  2S.  1910;  3  pp.)  Ab- 
stract of  paper  before  Coal  Min.  Inst,  of 
America.    Hec.    17.    1909.      2oc. 

12.7.-p4 — PE.VT — .\  New  Process  for  Coking 
Peat.  W.  I..  Sbepard.  (.lourn.  Am.  Peat 
Soc.  .\iir.,    1910;   4  pp.)    Soc. 

12,7ri.'-) — PKAT  RESOIRCKS  of  Minnesota. 
Max  Tollz.  1. lourn.  Am.  Peat  Soc,  Apr., 
1910;    111    pp.)    .soc. 

12.7.-|(" — PIRCHASK  OF  COAL  by  tbe  (Jov- 
ernmenf  under  Specitieations,  with  Analyses 
of  Coal  Delivered  for  the  Fiscal  Year,  19(iS-9. 
Ceorge  S.  Pope.  (!'.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull. 
428,    1910;    7()   pp.) 

12.7.-7— lti:sclK  APPARATFS  —  Oxygen 
Breathing  .Viqutratiis  In  Pacltic  Coast  Coal 
Mines.  E.  .lacnbs.  (Can.  Mln.  Journ.,  ,lune 
1,    1910;    IVi    pp.)    20c 

12.7.^.S— SAFE  WORKING  ROCK  COVER 
I.I.MIT.  I'rank  I.vnde.  (Eng.  and  Mln.  .Tourn., 
.Tune  4,   191(1;    1 1...    pp.,   Illus.l    20c. 

12,7.19- SAFETY-LAMP  RELIGHTING  AP- 
PARATTS.  Frank  C.  Perkins.  (Mines  and 
Minerals.  .Tune.  1910;  1  p..  Illus.l  Iievlce 
Invented  bv  E.  .\.  llallwood,  of  .Morley,  Eng- 
land.      4(ic. 

12, 7(;(i— SAFETY  PRECAITIONS  in  Ala- 
bama Coal  .Mines.  E.  II.  Coxe.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  .Tourn.,  .Tune  4,  1010;  4V4  pp.,  Illus.) 
20c. 

12.7<il— SAMPLING— How  to  Sample  Coal 
and  Coke.  E.  G.  Ballev.  (Fuel  Testing  Co., 
Bull.   4,   .Tune,    191(1;   30   pp..   Illus.) 

12.7(12- SANITATION — Etat  snnllalre  de 
la  Poinilatlon  ("luvrb'^re  d'un  Cbarbonnage. 
R.  A.  Ilenrv.  (Rev.  Fnlv.  des  Mines,  Apr., 
1010:    23".j'pii.)    $1. 

12. 7C.3— SHAFT  SINKING  —  Sinking  tbe 
Woodward  -No.  3  Shaft.  R.  V.  Xorris.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .Tourn.,  ,Tune  4,  1010;  .->';  pp., 
Illus.)     20c. 

12,7(14— WEST  VIRGINIA— Coal  Mining 
at  Morgan!', >vn.  W.  Vn.  R.  B.  Brlnsmade. 
(Eng.  and  Mln.  .Tourn.,  ,Iuno  11,  1910;  1  ■«, 
pp.,    Illus.)    20c. 

COPPER 

12.71;.- — ALASKA— The  Kennlcitt  Bonanza 
Coiiper  Mine,  Alaska,  L.  W.  Storm.  (Eng. 
an<l  Mln.  .lourn.,  .lune  11.  1910;  W  pp.,  Illus.l 
2(lc. 

12.7(:';  —  AXALYSIS  —  Schnellmethode  zur 
Kupferbestimniung  In  Robstelnen.  Winkler. 
(Chem.  Zelt..  .lune  9.   liiln;    "1    p.l   4(ic. 

1o-p,7 — .\SSAY — Tbe  Copper  Assay.  L.  P. 
Lansing.  (Pnclllc  Miner,  May,  1910;  2  pp,) 
20c. 

12.7r,.q  —  CALIFORNIA  —  The  Halaklnln 
Mine  and  Smelter.  California.  A.  H.  Martin. 
(Mln.  WId..  .Tune  11.  1910;  .lUj  pp.,  Illus.l 
20c. 

12.7(19  -  LEACHING  —  Copper  Leaching 
Plant  In  the  I'ral  Miuinlnlus.  (Bull.  I.  M. 
M..  May  19.  1910 ;  3i.\  pji.  1  Author's  reply 
to   dlsci'isslon. 

12.770  MEXICO — Pllares  Mine.  Nacozarl 
(1e  Garcia.  (Mines  nnd  Methods,  Ma.v,  IDIO; 
,'>M    lip..    Illus.)    20c. 


12,771 — MONTANA— Tbe  Corbii>  lilslrlet, 
.lelferson  County.  Montana.  Floyd  Bushncll. 
(Eng,  and  Mln.  .lourn.,  .Tune  4.  1910;  2  pp., 
illus.)    UOc. 

12.772 — NEW     MEXICO — Burro    Mountain' 
Mining    lUstrict.     New     Mexico.       (Eng.    and 
.Mill.  .lourn..   May  2s.   ]91o;   1   p.,  Illus.l    2))c. 

12,773 — SMELTERY — Copper  Queen  Smelt- 
ery. (Mines  and  Methods,  May.  191(1;  8  pp., 
Illus.)    20c. 

12.774— SMELTERY  SMOKE  as  a  Source 
of  Sulphuric  Acid.  W.  11.  I'reeland  and  C.  W. 
Renwick.  1  Eng.  and  Min.  ,Iouru.,  .Mav  28, 
191(1;    4'L.    pp..    Illus.l    -Jiic. 

12.77.- —SPAIN  ANI>  PORTIGAL  —  The 
Cofqier  Mines  of  Southern  Spain  and  Port- 
ugal. (  Min.  .lourn..  Mav  14,  2S,  .lune  4  and 
11.  19111;  .-|U.  pp..  Illus.)  Continuation  ot 
article   previously    Indexed.      $1.20. 

12.77(!  —  VACriM  -  CONCENTRATION  at 
Sulitelma.  NVirwav.  Holm  Holmsen  and  II.  N. 
Bees.  (Mill.  Mag..  May.  1910;  4  pp..  Illus.) 
(Kic. 

<iOI,II    .4\D    SILVER 

12.777  —  AI.I.rVIAL  PROSPECTING  — 
Hints  for  Alluvial  Prospectors.  A.  C.  Buck- 
land.  i,\iist.  Min.  ancl  Eng.  Rev.,  Mav  5, 
191(1;    1;  pp.,   illus.l    4tic. 

12.77s  —  AMAl.t^AMATlON  _  Pebble-Mill 
.\malgaiiiation.  \V.  H.  Hardinge.  (Mln.  and 
S<l.    Press,    Apr.   30.    1910;    1    p..    Illus.)    -Kw. 

12.779  —  ARIZONA  — fiold-Bearing  Schis- 
tose Lenses  of  .\rizona.  Arthur  Lakes.  (Mln. 
Sd..  ,Iune    1(1.    191(1;    1^    pp..   illus.l    20c. 

12. 7S0— ARIZONA  A  Silver-Bearing  Dior- 
ite  in  Southern  Arizona,  .lusiali  Bond.  (Eng. 
and  Mln.  .Tourn.,  .lune  IS,  191(i ;  1 'i  pp.) 
2(ic. 

12,7.S2— CALIFORNIA- Gold  Mining  In  the 
Randsburg  Quadrangle.  Cal.  Frank  L.  Hess. 
(F.  S.  Geol,  Surv..  Bull.  430-A.  1910;  24 ',4 
pp.,    Illus.) 

12.7s.!— CALIFORNIA  —  Tbe  Weaverville- 
Trlnity  Center  Gold  Gravels.  Trinity  County. 
Cal.  Donald  Francis  MacDonald.  (F.  S. 
Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  430-A,  1910:  1(M,(,  pp,, 
Illus.) 

12.784— COBALT  DISTRICT— Diabase  of 
tbe  Cobalt  District.  Ontario.  Reginald  E 
Ilore.  (.lourn.  of  Geol.,  Apr.-May,  1910;  7H 
pp.)    60c. 

12.7S.n — COLOMBIA — Gold  Mining  In  Co- 
lombia. F.  Lvnwood  Garrison.  (.Nlin.  Mag., 
May,    1910;   --',\    pp..   illus.)    4oc. 

1 2.7S(!— CONCEN'l'R  ATES  —  Treatment  of 
Concentrates  at  Kalgoorlle.  Western  Aus- 
tralia. W.  M.  Von  Bernewltz.  (Mln.  .Tourn. 
May  21.   1910:   1%   pp.,  Illus.)    40c. 

12.7S7— COSTS  at  Tnsan.  Korea.  A.  E. 
Drucker.  (Mln.  and  Scl.  Press.  Apr.  30, 
191(1;    \\    p)).,    Illus.)    20c. 

12.7SS—CYANI11AT10N— Chlorine  In  th» 
Cvanidatlou  of  Silver  Ores.  D.  Moslier. 
(i'ac.   Min.u-.   May.   191 11;   1 1',   pp..  Illus.)    20c. 

1L'.7S9  - CYANIIiATION — Continuous  Pac- 
buca  Tank  .\gllatlon  at  the  Esperanza  Mill. 
M.  II.  Kiirvla.  (  Infru-mes  v  Memorlas.  Inst. 
Mexlcauo  de  Mluas  y  Metalurglu.  Apr.,  1910; 
i!'i    pp.,    Illus.) 

12.790  CYA.VIDATION — Improvements  la 
Cyanide  Practice.  E.  G.  Spllsburv.  (Bull. 
A".   1.  M.  E..  May,   1910;  12>.^  pp..  Illus.)   40c, 

12.791— CYAN! liATlOX — Improvements  Ir 
the  Cvanble  Process.  Bernard  MacDonald. 
(Mln.  and  Scl.  Press,  Mav  28,  1910;  2  pp., 
Illus.l    20c. 

12.792— CYANIDATION— Notes  cui  the 
"De  Wilde"  Process  of  Preclpltadng  Gold  and 
Silver  froni  Cyanide  Solutions.  G.  Witteveen. 
( Informes  v  *  Memorlas.  Inst.  Mexicano  de 
Mlnas    y    ^^•talurgla.    Apr..    191o;    (I'i     pp.) 

12.79.3 — CYANIDATION  —  Raidd  Analysis 
of  Commercial  Cvaultle.  Ralston  Bell.  ( I'>ig. 
and  Mln.  .loiirn.'Mny  2<!.  19Hi;  1 ';r  pp.)  20c. 

12.791— CYANIDATION — Tbe  Lead  Tray 
Metb.id  of  Assaving  Cvanidi' Solutions.  Tboni- 
as  L.  Pickell.  (Pacllio  Miner.  Mav.  1910; 
•V,    p.)    20c. 

12.79.-.  -rS'ANIDATlON — The  Treatment  of 
.\ccumulate<l  Sllme.  nnd  the  Fse  of  Filler 
Presses  for  (^larlfylng  Sllme  Solution  and  By- 
I'roducts.  .lobii  D.  0"Harn.  (.lourn.  Cliein., 
Met.  nnd  Mln.  Soc,  So.  Afr.,  Apr.,  lOln;  2';. 
pp. )    noc. 


50 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


[  N  I  N"  G  —  The 
(ieorgo  F.  Tay- 
June   4,    1910; 


12,796 — DREDGE  MINING  in  the  Yukon. 
A.  H.  Martin.  (Min.  Sci.,  May  12,  1910;  3Vo 
pp.,    illus. )    2Uc. 

12.7117 —  DREDGING  POSSIBILITIES  in 
Korea.  R.  Y.  Hanlon.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
June    4.    litUI;    1%    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

12,798 — 1>RY  CIILORIXAi'ION  of  Sulphide 
Ores.  Harrv  ,1.  Wolf.  (West.  Chem.  and 
Met..  Mav,  191(1;  IB'A  pp.)  Review  of  early 
processes'  and  description  of  latest  practice. 
Including   Malm   process.      SOc. 

12,799  —  IIYDRAl'I-lC  M 
Brandv  City  Hydraulic  Mine, 
lor.  ( I'.ng.  aud  Min.  Journ., 
1   p.,   illus.)    20c. 

12,,Soo— M.MiAGAStWR — Les  Mines  d'Or 
de  la  Resion  d'.^ndavakoera  (Nord  de  Mada- 
gascar.) Albert  Bi>rdeaux.  (Rev.  I'niv.  des 
Mines,    Apr..    1910:    21    pp.,    illus.)    .fl. 

12  sol  —  M.\l).^i;.VSC.\R  —  I.es  nouvelles 
Jline's  d'Or  du  Nord  de  Madagascar.  A.  Bor- 
deaux. (Genie  fiv.,  Apr.  30,  1910;  3  pp., 
illus.)    4(ic. 

los()2 — MEXICO — Arteaga  District,  Chi- 
■huah'ua.  L.  T.  Pocliman.  (Informes  y  Me- 
morias.  Inst.  Mexicann  de  Minas  y  Metal- 
urgia.  Apr..   1910  :    2  pp.) 

12S03 — MEXICO — The  Mines  of  the  Altar 
District.  Sonora,  Mexico.  Charles  A.  Dins- 
more.  l.Min.  Wld.,  May  28,  1910;  21/2  PP-. 
illus. )     20c. 

12,804 — MILLING — Goldfleld  Consolidated 
MilF  f)perations.  .lohn  Tv.ssowski.  ( Eug.  and 
Min.    .Tourn..   .lune    11.    191();    %    p.)    2()c. 

1"  8o."i  -MILLING  of  Lead-Silver  Ore.  Ge- 
lasio  Cae(ani.  (Min.  Mag..  May,  1910;  8 
pp  illus.  I  Summarv  of  experiments  to  de- 
termine the  most  suitable  metallurgical  treat- 
ment of  lead-silver  ore  mined  by  the  Bunlser 
Hill  &  Sullivan  Mining  and  Concentrating 
Company.      00c. 

1')  8(iii NEVADA — Activity      In      Eldorado 

Canon  District.  (Salt  Lake  Min.  Rev.,  May 
30,   1910;   :>,\-.   pp..  illus.)    20c. 

!•>  s()7 — XEVAli.\ — larbidge,  Nevada.  ^V.  A. 
Scott.  (.Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  Apr.  30,  1910; 
2M:    pp..   illus.)    20c. 

!•>  ,si(KS NEAADA — The  Lander  Mining  Dis- 

trlcf  Nevada.  A.  H.  Martin.  (Min.  Sci.. 
June  2,   1910;   S'A   pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

y>  son ONTARIO — A    Brief   Description  of 

the'Gowpanda  Silver  District  in  Ontario. 
Canada  I'ercv  R.  Iseman.  ( Sch.  of  Mines 
■Quart..    .Ian..    1910;    41^    pp..    illus.)    Ooc. 

12S10 ()\T.\KIO — Kirst   Year  of  the  Gow- 

gand'a  District.  Ontario.  (J  M.  ('olvocoresses. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  .Tourn.,  .Tune  11.  1910;  ., 
pp.,    illus. )    20c. 

l'>  SI  1 —ONTARIO  —  Silver  Deposits  of 
Cowganda  District,  Ontai'io.  Reginald  L. 
Hore  (Min.  Wld..  June  11,  1910;  2>.^  pp.. 
illus.)    2(ic. 

1'   SI" ONTARIO — The      Porcupine      Gold 

Area  W  E  II.  Carter.  ( (^an.  Min.  .Tourn.. 
June   1.->.    1910;    ."I'-j    pp..   illus.)    20c. 

y>  si:i — PLACER  DEPOSITS  —  Notes  on 
the  'Placer  Deposits  of  Greatenille.  Ariz. 
J.  M.  Hill.  d".  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  4.!(i-A, 
1910 ;    12  pp.,   illus.) 

1-'  K14-  PLACER  GRAVELS  of  the  Sump- 
ter  and  (Jranite  Districts.  East  Oregon.  .T.  T. 
Pardee.  1 1'.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  4.10-A, 
1910;    7    pp.,    ilius.) 

12  81.-, SOTTII     AT'STKALIA — A     Review 

of  Mining  Operations  in  the  State  of  South 
Australia  during  the  Half-year  Ended  Dec. 
31  1!)(I9.  (Issued  bv  T.  Duffield,  Secretary 
lor  Mines,  Adelaide,  feo.  Aust.,  1910;  2(i  pp.) 
t2  81H — ITAH — Mines  and  Mill  of  the 
Consolidated  Mercur  Coiniiany.  Ro.v  Hutch- 
ins  Allen.  (Eng.  and  .Miu.  .lourn..  .lune  18. 
1910;   4'.i    I'll-,    illus- '    2()c. 

1''817-  WEST  AI'STUALIA — Some  Notes 
on  Tile  I'rinciiJiil  Geological  Features  of  the 
Kalgcorlic  Goldtield.  Charles  G.  (Jilison. 
(.lourn  West  .\usiralia  Chamber  of  Mines. 
March   and   Aiuil.    I'.ilo;   8  pp..   illus.)     .$1.(!(). 

IKON     \M>    STBEL. 

12.818  BLAST  FlUNAtM';  —  The  New- 
Blast  Furnace  of  the  Bethlehem  Steel  Com- 
pany—  II.  W.  S.  l.andis.  (Met.  and  Chetn. 
Eng"..   .lune.    1910;    3   pp..    Illus.)    40c. 

12.819  -BLAST  FIRXACE  — The  New 
Earlston  Furnace  at  Everett.  I'enn.  (Iron 
Age.    .lune    23.    1910;    2    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

12.820  P.I.ASI-FrRNACE  (JAS  Operating 
Experlenics  with  a  Blast  Furnace  Gas  Power 
1-lant.  Ileinrich  .1.  Freyn.  (.Tourn.  A.  S.  M. 
K..  .Tune.  1910;  (irpi^.  pp..  Illus.)  Details  of 
practice  at  the  South  Chicago  Works  of  the 
Illinois   Steel   C.inipnny. 

]2.821('AI.II'ORNIA  Some  Iron  Ores  of 
Western  and  Central  California.  E.  C.  Hard, 
er  ir  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  430E,  191(): 
SV:i    pp.) 

12.822--CANADIAN  IRON  AND  STHKL 
INDT'STRV.— III.  Watson  (Jriffln.  (Can. 
Min,   Journ.,   .lune   1,    1910;   31/j    pp.)    2()c. 


12,823 — CHINA — Iron  and  Steel  Works  at 
Hanyang,  Hupe.  China.  A.  J.  Seltzer.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .lourn.,  June  11,  1910;  SVt  pp.. 
illus.)    20c. 

12,824— ELECTRIC  FURNACE  in  the  Iron 
and  Steel  Industry.  G.  Ilooghwinkel.  (Elec- 
trician, ,Iune  3,  1910;  2%  pp.)  Paper  liefore 
Sheffield  Soc.  of  Engineers  and  Metallurgists. 
40c. 

12.82.J— AN  ELECTRIC  S.MELTlN(i  FIR- 
N.VCE.  Edward  R.  Taylor.  (Iron  Age,  May 
1!).    1910;    2Vl'    pp..   illus.)    20c. 

12.82(j — FRANCE — Les  Ressources  de  la 
France  en  Minerals  de  Fer.  P.  Nicou.  (Bull. 
Soc.  de  I'Ind.  Minerale,  Apr,,  1910;  IGVi 
pp.,   illus.) 

12,827— IRON-ORE  RESOURCES  of  Dif- 
ferent Countries  and  Ore  Districts.  (Iron 
and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  June  10,  1910;  1  Vi  PP) 
40c. 

12.828 — NEVADA — Iron  Ores  near  Dayton, 
Nev.  E.  C.  Harder.  (U.  S.  Geol.  Surv., 
Bull.   4:5(>E,    1910;   6i/j    pp.,   illus.) 

12.829 — PAINT  for  Iron  and  Steel.  Frank 
Neal,  (.Tourn.  Assn.  Eng.  Soc,  Apr.,  1910; 
4    pp.)    40c. 

12.S3(i — PENNSYLVANIA — The  Jauss  Iron 
Mine.  Djllshurg.  I'enn.  Arthur  C.  Spencer. 
(U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  43(J-E,  1910;  2% 
pp.) 

12,831  —  PENNSYLVANIA  —  Deposits  of 
Brown  Iron  Ore  near  Dillsburg,  York  County, 
Pennsylvania.  E.  C.  Harder.  (U.  S.  Geol. 
Surv.,'  Bull.    430-E,    1910;    uVi    pp.) 

12.832 — PROPERTIES  OF  IRON  AND 
STEF.I. — The  Influence  of  Certain  Elements 
on  the  Properties  of  Iron  and  Steel.  Elmer 
E.  Eakins.  (Iron  Tr.  Rev.,  May  21!,  1910; 
2V.    pp.)    20c. 

12.833 — TEXAS — Preliminary  Report  on 
Pre-Cambrian  Geology  and  Iron  Ores  of 
Llano  Countv.  Texas.  Sidney  Paige.  (U.  S. 
Geol.   Surv..  'Bull.   430-E,   1910;   12%    PP) 

12,834 — TITANIFKROUS  IRON  ORES — 
Some  Experiments  on  Smelting  Titaniferous 
Ore;  Part  II — Furnace  Experiments,  (i.  H. 
Stanlev.  (.lourn..  Chem..  Met.  and  Min.  Soc. 
So.    Afr..    Apr..    1910;    6%    pp..    illus.)    (!oc. 

12  83r.  —  TRANSVAAL  —  Report  on  the 
Manufacture  of  Iron  and  Steel  in  the  Trans- 
vaal. F.  W.  Harhord.  (Transvaal  Mines 
Dept..    1910:    13%    pp.) 

12.83f.— VANADH'M  STEEL.  William  E. 
Gibbs.  (Cassier's  Mag.,  .Tune,  1910;  7V2  pp.) 
4()c 

LEAD,   ZINC  AND   OTHER  METALS 

12.837 — ALUMINUM — Notes  on  the  Alum- 
inum Industry  in  France.  (Eng.  aud  Min. 
Journ.,   June   11,   1910;   1   p.,   illus.)    20c. 

12.S38  — ARSENIC  MANUFACTURE  at 
Midvale.  L.  A.  Palmer.  (Mines  and  Min- 
erals,   June,    1910;    SMi    PP-,    illus.)    Joe 

12.839 — COBALT  AND  NICKEL — On  a 
New  Volumetric  Method  for  Cobalt  and  Nick- 
el George  S.  Jamieson.  (Journ.  Am.  Chem. 
Soc.    June,    1910;    3%    pp.)    00c. 

l->  S40 — LEAD — Determination  of  Common 
ores'and  Minerals.  J.  P.  Rowe.  iMin.  Wld.. 
Apr.  :;o.  1910;  2  pp.)  Continuation  of  article 
previouslv  indexed,  dealing  in  present  Instal- 
ment with  lead  minerals.     20c 

12,841 — LEAD  AND  ZINC — Notes  on  the 
Mineral  Deposits  of  the  Bearpaw  Mountains. 
Jlont.  Leon  J.  Peppeiiierg.  lU.  S.  (ieol. 
Surv..    Bull.   430-C,    1910;    11  Vi    pp.,   illus.) 

1-' 842— LEAD  AND  ZINC  SMELTING  in 
Upiier  Silesia.  C).  II.  Hahn.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ..    May    28,    1910;    314    pp.,    ilius.)    2(Jc 

lo.S4:<_r,EAD  AND  ZINC — Die  Zink-  und 
Bleierz-I^gerstatte  des  Berges  Izreuiec  liei 
I.akatnlk.  Waagen.  (Zeit.  f.  prakt.  Geol.,  Apr., 
1910;    7''i    pp..    illus.)    40c. 

12  K44— I.lTiniM  and  Its  Sources.  Frank 
L.  Hess.  (.Miu.  and  Sci.  Press,  June  4. 
1910;    2H.    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

12  S4.->— NICKEL-COPPER  INDITSTRY  of 
Ontario. — II  and  III.  Alex.  Gray.  (Mm. 
Wld..  Mav  21  and  28.  1910;  12V(.  pp.,  illus.) 
40c. 

12.S40  -RARE  EARTHS.  The.  Part  1. 
R,  C.  Benner.  (Los  Angeles  Miu.  Rev..  June 
IS.  1!i1();  1  p.)  Brief  notes  du  monazile. 
gadolluile.   zircon    aud    thorite.      20c. 

1"8I7 — TIN  Eleclricitv  in  ('(unish  Tin 
Mines.  lEIec.  Mag..  May  14,  1910;  3  i,.i  pp.. 
illus.)    40c. 

•  12.S4S — ^ZINC — Klectrolylii-  Process  for 
I.ow-Grade  Zinc  Ores.  Ediiardo  Sauna.  (Eng. 
and   Min.   Journ.,   May   28,    1910;    V.    p.)    20c. 

12.849  —  ZINC  —  Empire  -  Enterprise  Zinc 
Mines.  Wisconsin.  Harold  C.  (ieorge.  (Eng. 
aud  Min.  Journ..  June  IS,  1910;  2Vi  PP-. 
illus.)    20c. 

12.s,"iO- ZINC — Jllning  on  a  Uoynlty  Basis 
In  Jopliu  District.  Lucius  I..  Willicli.  1  Mines 
and  .Minerals,  June,  1910;  3i/,  pp.,  Illus.) 
40c. 


NON.UET.\LI,iC    MINERALS 

12.8.51 — ASBESTOS — Asbest,  sein  Vor- 
kommen.  seine  Gewinnung  und  Verarheitung. 
(Montan-Zeitung,  June  1,  1910;  3%  pp.)   40c. 

12.8,'»2 — CLAYS — l*rospecting  and  Testing 
of  Clay  Deposits.  E.  K.  Soper.  (Min.  and 
Sci.   Press,   June  4,    1910 ;    3%    pp.)    20e. 

12.85.3 — DIAMOND  TRADE  and  Industrv 
in  1909.  H.  W.  Diederich.  (Min.  Wld.,  June 
18,    1910:    IV.    pp.)    20c. 

12,854  —  MINERAL  PAINTS  —  Ocher  De- 
posits of  Eastern  Pennsylvania.  Jesse  C. 
Stoddard  and  Alfred  c.  ('alien.  (U.  S.  (ieol. 
Surv.,   Bull.   43(i-(;.    1910;    151,4    pp..   illus.) 

12. .855 — Ml.NlORAL  PAl NTS- Paint-Ore  De- 
posits near  Lehigh  Gap.  Pennsylvania.  Fred 
T.  Agthe  and  John  I..  Dvnan.  1 U.  S.  Geol. 
Surv.,   Bull.  430(i,    1910;'  14  Va    pp.,   illus.  1 

12.856  —  I-ETROLKUM  —  Contribucion  al 
Estudio  de  la  Genesis  de  los  Aceites  Minerales 
por  las  Propiedades  del  de  Oran.  Provinc'a 
de  Salta,  Republica  Argentina.  E.  M.  Flores. 
(Anales  de  la  Soc.  Cientitica  Argentina.  Feb.. 
1910;   40  pp.,   illus.) 

12.857- PETROLEUM — Leinweber  Method 
of  Extracting  (Jil  from  Wells.  Frederick  A. 
Talbot.  (Eng.  aud  Min.  Journ..  June  18. 
1910;   lii,   pp..   illus.)    20c 

12,858 — PETROLEUM — Oil  Developments 
In  (I'alifornia.  ( Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Mav 
28,   1910;    Hi    pp.,   illus.   by   map.)    20c. 

12,8.59— PETROLEUM — Per  lludustria  del 
Petrolio  Italiano.  ( Rassegua  Mineraria. 
June   11,    1910;    3%    pp.)    40c 

12.800  —  PETROLEUM  —  Preliminary  Re- 
port on  the  Taranaki  oil  Field  of  New  Zea- 
land. J.  M.  Bell.  (Petrol.  Rev..  .May  21, 
and  June  4,  191o  ;  ;;i  pp. »  Continuation  and 
conclusion   of  article  previously    indexed.   60c. 

12,801 — PETROLKU.M— The  Austria-Hun- 
gary l*etroleum  Refiners.  (Chem.  Tr.  Journ., 
May   28,    1910;    1  1,4    pp.)    40c 

12.802— PETROLEUM— The  California  OU 
Industrv.  (.'oui-tenav  De  Kalb.  (Min.  and  Sol. 
I'ress.   .iune   11.    1910;    3   pp.)    20c. 

12.803 — PETROLEUM — The  Conditions  of 
.Vccuiiiulatiou  (if  Petroleum  in  the  Earth. 
David  T.  Dav.  (Bull..  A.  1.  M.  E..  June. 
1910;    51/::    pp.1 

12,804 — PETR(^)LEUM — The     Maikop     Oil- 


(Min. 


Exclte- 
Journ., 


fields    Todav. — II.      E.    de    Hautpick. 
Journ..  May   14.   1910;    %    p.i    40c 

12.805--PETR(  ILEUM— The      Oil 
ment  In  Mexico.     II.  S.  Denny.     (Min. 
June  4,  1910;  3',    pp..  illus.  I   40c. 

12.800 — PETROLEUM — The  Origin  and 
Formation  of  tlie  Petroleum  Deposits  in  the 
Maikop  Basin,  and  the  Determination  of 
Their  Extent.  E.  de  Hautpick.  I  Min.  Journ.. 
May    28.    191(1;    2i._.    pii..    illus.)    40c. 

12..S07 — PETROLEUM— The  Use  of  Geo- 
logical Science  in  the  Petroleum  and  Natural 
Gas  Business.  Frederick  (!.  Clapp.  (Proc 
Engrs.'  Soc.  West.  Penn.,  May,  1910 :  34  pp.. 
illus.)     4()c. 

12,80.8 — PETROI.EUJI — The  White  Oil  of 
Grosnv.  I.  N.  Stnezhoff.  (Petrol.  Rev..  May 
21,    1910;    4    pp.)    4(lc. 

12.8r>9 — PETROLEUM  DISTRICT  of  Ta- 
ranaki. New  Zealand.  (Petrol.  Rev..  Apr.  23. 
1910;    1%    pp..    illus.  I    40c 

12.S70 — SALT — Das  Salinenwesen  in  Eng- 
land. Martell.  (Kali.  June  1,  1910:  8% 
pp. )    40c 

12  871 — -SALT — Das  Salinenwesen  in  Frank- 
reich.  Martell.  (Kali.  .May  1.5,  1910;  7'i 
pp. )    40c 

12.872 — SALT  RESOURCES  of  the  Idaho- 
Wvoming  Border,  with  Notes  on  the  (Jeology. 
Ca'rpel  L.  Breger.  ( U.  S.  (ieol.  Surv.  Bull. 
430-1,    191(1;    141-1,    pp..    Illus.) 

12.873  —  SODIUM  SALTS  —  Deposits  of 
Sodium  Salts  io  Wvomlug.  .\lfred  R.  Schultz. 
(U.  S.  (ieol.  Surv..  Bull.  4:W1-1,  1910;  18>A 
pp..    illus.) 

12.874  —  SULPHini  —  Verwendung  des 
Schw-efelerzes  zur  Schwefelsaurefabrikation. 
(i.  Odda.  (Chem.  Zelt.,  May  14,  1910;  ?',^ 
pp.)    4(lc. 

12  875 — TOURMALINE  in  California.  .Tohn 
\,.  Cowan.  (Jlln.  and  Sci.  Press,  June  11. 
1910;    2    pp.)    20c. 

E«<)XOMIC    (ir.OHKiV— GBNEU.-\L 

12.876 — .M.ASKA  Minera'  Resources  of 
(he  Nabesua-Wliile  River  District.  Alaska,  by 
F.  II.  Moint  and  Adoph  Knopf;  with  A  Sec 
tion  on  the  (Jiialei-nary.  by  S.  It.  Ca)>iis 
(U.  S.  (ieol.  Surv..  Bull.  417.  1910;  (;o  [<]>.. 
illus.) 

12.S77  BORE  HOLES — Measurements  of 
teh  "increase  •<<  Tiuuiierature  in  Biu-e  Holes 
with  the  Depth;  the  Technics  and  Practical 
Inipiu-tance  of  Same  lor  Geological  Prognosis. 
J.>li  Kocnigsberger  and  M.  Muhllierg.  (Iron 
and  Coal  Tr.  Rev..  1  p.)  I'aper  before  Insto. 
of    Min.    Engrs.      40c. 

1'87S  Diri'ERM  I  NATION  OF  COMMON 
ORES    and    Mincials.      J.    P.    Rowe.       (Min. 


July  2,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


51 


■\Vlil..  Mav  i;i  and  .Tune  4,  I'.iln;  r.'j  pp.  i 
«-..iiIlnuiUion  of  artU-U'  previously  indexed 
lieals  In  present  Instalmenls  with  nieieiiiy. 
)ilailniim.  tuntslen.  uranlnin.  alunilnuin,  nlok- 
tl,  eolialt,  iron  and  manjjanese  luinenils.  4iii-. 
lo  sy.,  __  1.-K.\NC1.;  —  Krsullals  j;e.)loKl(|lles 
de»  Simdaces  I'rofiinds  dii  Uassin  di'  Tails. 
TaTil  I.emolne.  lliull.  Soe.  de  I'lnd.  Min- 
.■■lale.   May.    I'.iKi ;   li:!i-..    pp..   illcis.) 

i:;.s,sip  —  (;i:i!M.\.N     i'i;iiTK(T<)K.\'rios  — 

I>le  lil.'ilier  bikaiiiit  u'ewdi-denen  I.asjerstiitten 
Tiiilzliaren  Mineiallen  de.s  deiitsehen  Sehutz- 
(.-eMeli's  Kanii'iiili.  i;iillleinan.  (Zelt.  f. 
Iirakt.    (ieoL,    .Vpi.,    lliln ;    4    pp.  i    -Jnc. 

]■_> .SSI — 111  .\i;.\UY — rni;ails(lie  Kizlaiier- 
stiUten  ihre  AiislKnitunn  und  liie  /uiinte- 
inaelinnL.'  del-  Kize.  Arlt  and  Selieffer. 
(Cliickanf.   .\pr.  li,    1010;   lo   pp..   iUiis.i    4ii«-. 

12  sk:;-  WKST  VIK(;iNI.\ — Map  iif  West 
Virginia  Sliinvinc  Ciial.  oil,  <ias  and  I.line 
stone  Areas.  I.  ('.  While.  (West  Virginia 
(;eol.  Siirv.,  Morgantown,  W.  Va.,  liilii: 
3!ix:il>    In.  I    r>Oc. 

V2.R83 — WYOMIXt; — r.enloglc  Atlas  of  the 
Tnlted  States.  I.arainle-Slierman  Kolio. 
(No.  17S|,  N.  II.  Darton.  IC.  lilarkwelder 
and  C.  K.  Slehenthal.  (U.  S.  Geol.  Surv., 
I'JIO;   20   pp.,   lllus.) 

>IIM\U— UKXCR.ll. 

t2,SR4 — ACCOTNTINC — Uand  Gold  .Min- 
ini;  Accounts. — VI.  <;.  W.  Talt.  (So.  Afr. 
Mln.  .lourn..  May  7  and  i;i,  iniii;  -J  pp.)4(lc. 

lL'.SS.->— ANKYLOSTOMIASIS— Die  Wurm- 
krankhelt  (Ankylostomiasis!  In  Oesterrelch 
und  Ihre  Bekiinipfund.  A.  Krlz.  (Oest.  Zelt. 
i.  11.  II.  II.,   May  7,   1911) :  !■  pp.)   4(ic. 

12.S.sti — AKlZON.\ — The  Kinsman  Mining 
Idsirlrt  of  Arizona.  Walter  II.  Weed.  t.Min. 
Wld.,   .lune  4,    IHKJ;    1  i/j    pp.)    i;(ic. 

1L'.KS7 — CIIIl.K — Mlninj;  and  MetallurKy  In 
i'hile.  F.  .\.  Sundt.  (.Mines  and  .Minerals, 
June,    r.iKi:    2    pii.,    lllus.)    4(Jc. 

li.s.ss— ("IIIKN  IiKII.I.  PROSTKCTINi;  In 
the  .loplin  Iilstrlct.  J.  I'rank  Haley,  i  Khk'. 
and  .Mln.  Journ.,  June  4,  1910;  1  p.,  lllus.  i 
20e. 

12,S.S0— COST  SYSTKM— t'low  Sheet  of 
Keporls,  as  I'sed  by  the  (joldlield  rousoll- 
dated  .Mines  Companv.  iKn^.  and  Min.  Journ., 
June   11.    19111 ;    1    p..   illus.i    2iX-. 

12.S9(i  —  CKI'SllINi;  ^  A  Modern  Stone- 
Vnishln^'  riant  of  Cdd  Cu.Y'd.  Capaeity  per 
Hour — Some  Costs  of  IiriliinK.  of  Mainten- 
iinee  of  riant,  and  of  lOreetinj;  .Machinery. 
I  lOng.-Contr.,  June  1,  lOlU;  3  pp.,  illus.i  4iic. 
,  li:.s:il  — HAMS  — Some  Recent  Consldera- 
tU'iis  of  Stresses  in  lli^rli  Masonry  Iiains. 
^■liarles  K.  Morrison.  iScli.  of  Mines  Quart., 
.Ian..    Uilo;    -.'7    pp..    lllus.)    OOc. 

lL>.S9i;— DKIl.I.INt;— Ise  of  the  Terry 
Core  Iirlll  in  .Mine  Operations  at  the  Stella 
Mine,  Hermon.  N.  Y.  (  Kng.  and  Min.  Journ.. 
June   4.    191(1;    2   iip.,    lllus.)    -.'Oc. 

li;..'<n.t— IIKAI)  KHAMKS— Types  of  Head 
Frames  on  the  .Moih.r  I. ode.  \V.  H.  Storms. 
(Min.  Wld.,  June  is,  HUi);  1  i.,  pp.,  illus.) 
2(ic. 

ll!,80,-j— MKXICO — Notes  on  Northern  So- 
iioia.  (Mines  and  Methods,  .May,  191(1;  4  L. 
Pl>..    illus.) 

12..S9fi— MP:XIC0— The  Real  de  Xichu  Min- 
ing District,  Ciianajuato,  Mexico.  Claud  Ilaf- 
er.  (Mln.  Wld.,  May  21,  1910;  2  pp.,  Illus.i 
20c. 

12..S97  —  ^HNE  SCRVEYIXr;  —  Modern 
Method  of  riuiuliiui,'  a  Shaft.  Jolm  1'.  Davis. 
(i:n'4.  and  Min.  Journ.,  June  4.  1910;  1-',  pii.. 
lllus.)    2I1C. 

12..S9S— Ni:W  YORK— Mineral  Output  of 
New  York  In  19ii9.  I).  H.  Newland.  iV.nii. 
and   Min.   Journ.,   May   2S.    191(i;    V.j    p.i    2IV. 

12.s9n— ri;in'— Kstado  actual  de  la  Mln- 
orla  eii  (Juiruvilca.  V.  M.  Santolalla.  (Hoi. 
<'iieijio  do  ln;;cnleros  de  Mines  del  I'eru,  No. 
7."i,    19(19 ;    4.S   pp.,   lllus.) 

12.901  — SlIAl'T— The  fiiroux  Shaft  at 
Kimlierly,  Nev.  IC.  Kveraid  Arnold.  (Hull.. 
A.    I.   M.    K..   June,    191(1;   .->i.;.    p|i..    illus.i    4iic. 

12.902  — SUA KT    SlNKIN(i —  Bucket    and 

<  liiile  for  Shaft  SInkInu-.  A.  I'.  ItoKers.  (KnK. 
and   Mln.  Journ..  June    11,    1!110;    J.,   p.;    20i-. 

12,9(1.'!— SlIACT  SINKINC  — Notes  on  the 
1  s,.  of  a  Suillon  Water  Karrel  in  Shaft 
Sinkine.  T.  W.  Austin.  (Journ.  Ilrlt.  Soc. 
Jlln.    Students.    Apr..    I'.Ho;    4'i    pp.,    Illus.i 

12.904  SIIAI'TS  Some  Note's  on  Methods 
of  Cnnstruclint'  Concreli.  l.lucd   Shafts,    i  Kni;.- 

<  onlr..  May  Is.  liilii;  2 '  ■.  pp..  Illus.i  Notes 
'"'     'i-ldder    and    Smilli    shafts    of    Cleveland- 

<  HITS  Iron  Company,  and  Woodward  Col 
llery    sh.ill,    Wllkesltarre.    I'enn.      2iic. 

I    V-'l";"' ,  ^,'V^'^'     '•"    ^lluacion    Kconoml.a  e 

ndiistrial   del    lilstrlto   Minero  de  Cartanona. 

I.    II.    \m,is:iute.      (Revlsta   MInera.    Mav   24. 

19111;    4    p|i.i     4(lc. 

..  '-'■,'!"'U  f^fiVKYINi;  —  Determination  of 
the  Meridian.  I-  A.  Dnllnii,;.  (Mines  and 
Jlinerals,   June.    191(1;    1 W,    pp.)    40,. 

12,007— SLKVKYING—illnts  In    Survevlnj; 


I'racllce.  James  M.  I'latl.  (Informcs  v  Me- 
morlas,  Inst.  Mexicano  de  MInaa  y  Metal- 
urgia,    Apr.,    1910;    !•    pp.,    lllus.) 

12.9(iS  — SrUVHYINC  —  The  Stadia  and 
Stadia  Survevln;;.  K.  M.  DouKlas.  ( Kng. 
News,    Aiir.    2M,    1910;    2   pp.,    liiiis.)    20c. 

12.90!l— TIMBKR  ri{i:si;RVATIoN  -The 
New  Tlinber-Trealiun  Plant  of  the  KppinKer 
&  Russell  Co.,  at  Jacksonville.  I'la.  Grant 
It.  Shipley.  ( Eng.  News,  May  12,  1910;  2'.j 
|ip.,    lllus.)    2oc. 

12.910— TIBHING — feber  die  -/.weckmils- 
sinste  Tubliingform.  Maduschka.  (Gliickauf, 
.May   7.    1910;   4',    pp.,   lllus.)    40c. 

12.;i11— TINXKI/Method  and  Cost  of 
Constructln;;  a  Water  Sutiiiiy  Tunnel  ttirotnch 
Rock  iiy  Day  Labor  with  Costs  of  Supi>le- 
mentary  Structures.  ( Kng.-Contr..  .May  2."'. 
19111;  (;-;,  pp.,  illus.)  Krom  a  iiaper  by  U.S. 
llimcoi'k,  ,Ir.,  before  Can.  Soc.  t.'lv.  Kngrs. 
2(  PC. 

12.912— TfNNKLING-New  York  Tunnel 
Kxtension  of  the  rennsvlvanln  Railroad.  Tlie 
North  River  Tunnels.  B.  H.  .M.  Ilewett  and 
W.  L.  Brown.  (I'roc.  A.  S.  C.  E.,  Apr., 
191(1;    147   pp.,   Illu.s.) 

12.91:!  TINNLLING  —  Some  Published 
Costs  of  Tunnel  Work  in  the  Los  Angeles 
Ai|iiedu(t.  I  Kng.-Contr.,  June  1,  1910;  2 '».. 
pp.,    lllus.)    40c. 

12.014 — I'TAH — T'ndergronnd  Mining  Prac- 
tice at  Bingham.  I'tah.  L.  A.  Palmer.  (Mln. 
Wld.,    Apr.    30,    1901;    (il.,    pp.,    illus.)     20c. 

12.91.-. — VENTILATION- Metal  Mine  Ven- 
tilation. (Mines  and  Minerals,  June,  191o; 
1%    pp.)    40c. 

12.91(5  ^VENTILATION  —  Proportioning 
Fans  to  Mines.  Thomas  W.  Fitch.  Jr..  and 
J.  It.  McColl.  (Mines  and  Minerals.  June. 
1910;  1%  pp.,  ilUls.l  Methods  of  locating 
fans  at  shafts  and  drifts  to  avoid  damage  in 
case    of    explosions.      40c. 

ORR   DRESSING— GKXEK.VI, 

12,917 — CONCENTRATION  Calculation  of 
Recovery  in  Concentration.  Theodore  J. 
Hoover.  (Eng.  and  Mln.  Journ.,  June  11. 
1910;    I'l    pp.)    2i)c. 

12.91.S— GRADING  ANALYSES  and  Their 
Application.  H.  Stadler.  (Bull.  1.  M.  M.. 
No.  (i.s.  May   19.   1910;   14  pp..  lllus.) 

12.919 — UIODtCTIoN  WORKS— The  Roode- 
poort  Culled  Keduciion  Works.  (So.  Afr. 
Mln.  Journ.,  May  7,  1010;  2V<!  pp..  lllus.) 
40c. 

12.920— SAMPLING.  H.  E.  T.  Haultain. 
(Can.  Min.  Journ..  June  l.-i.  lOlii;  1  i-i  |)p.. 
lllus.)  A  series  of  three  articles:  "A  Sugges- 
tion cm  '(Quartering  Down'  l*arge  .Samples:" 
"A  Note  on  Saiuiiling  the  Porcupine  (Out.) 
Orebodies  :"  and  "Sonie  Notes  on  the  Plillos- 
ophy   o£   Samiiiing."      40c. 

12.021 — SCREENS— A  Standard  Series  of 
Screens  for  Laboratory  Testing.  Theodore  J. 
iloovor.  (Hull  1.  .M.  M.,  No.  (is,  .May  19, 
1911);    2:!    lip.,    illus.) 

12.i)22  —  SLIME  CONCENTRATION— The 
Elemeiils  of  Slime  Concentration.  Waller 
McDeriuott.  (I.  M.  .M..  Bull.  No.  (!S.  May 
19,  1910;  IS  pp.)  Discussion  on  paper  pre- 
viously   Indexed. 

12.92:!  — STAMP  .Mll.Ll.NI! — The  Develop- 
ment of  lleavv  Gravitation  Stamps.  1  Bull. 
I.  M.  M.  No."  OS.  .May  19,  lillo;  12  lip.) 
Conlrlbuled  remarks  on  paper  pi'i'vlously  in- 
dexed,   wllh    authors    reply    to   discussion. 

12,924  S'I'AMP  MILLING — The  Develop 
mi'nt  of  Heavy  Gravitation  Stamps.  W.  .\. 
Caldeeotl.  (.lourn..  (hem..  Met.  and  Mln. 
Soc.  So.  Afr..  Apr..  1910;  17  pp.,  illus.i 
Discussion  by  E.  .1.  Way  on  paper  previously 
Indexed,    log'elher    wllb    author's    reply.      Ooc. 

)I KT\ I.I.I  R G Y— <; K NK R .\ I. 

12,0'2."i — ALLOYS — Die  Siiezlalleglerungen 
von    Kiipfer.    Bron'ze    und    .Messing    mil    Man- 

f;an,  Sllieiuiu.  Chrom.  Wolfram  und  \'anad- 
uin.  .1.  lOscard.  (Oest.  Zelt.  f.  B.  11.  IL.  Alir. 
0    and    l(i.    1910;    H    pii..    illus.i    Coc. 

12.920— BLAST  ROASTING  Recent  Pro- 
gress In  Blast  Roasting.  II.  o.  llofmaii. 
(Bull..  A.  1.  M.  E..  June,  191o;  24'',  pp.. 
illus.) 

12.92.S  -  MICROSCOPICAL  i:XAMINA- 
TION— A  Magnetic  Holder  for  the  Micro- 
scopical I^xamlnation  of  .Metals,  .\lbert  San- 
veiir.  (Iron  .\ge,  June  s:!.  1910;  1  p..  lllus.) 
20c. 

12.929  —  MICROSCOPICAL  EXAMIXA- 
TH)\  The  Microscope  and  Some  of  Its  .Vp- 
plications  to  Metallurirv.  WIrl  Tassin.  (Iron 
'I'r.  l!ev..  Jiini'  9,  1910;  2''i  pp..  Illus.i 
Paper  before  Philadelphia  Koundrymen's  .\k- 
soclation.      2(ic. 

12.931— SMEI.TIXG-The  Kuenjiel  Smelt- 
ing I'rocess.  .\i'(liur  Lakes.  Jr.  (Slhi.  Sol.. 
June    10,    1910;    1    (i  .    lllus.)    2l)c. 

12.932  —  WESTERN  METALI.rRCHCAI. 
PROBLEMS.  The.  A.  W.  Warwick.  (West. 
Cheiu.   und   Met.,   May.   1010;    1.->  pp.  1    SOc. 


MIMVG     A\D     METAI.l.l  IHilCVL 
.M.4CIIIM0KY 

12,033  -BOILER-FEED  WATER— The  Se- 
lection of  a  Boiler-Feed  Water.  J.  C.  Wil- 
liam tirctli.  (I'loc.  Engrs.'  Soc.  West.  PenilM 
.May,    1910;    3.S    pp.,    lllus.)    40c. 

12.934  — DRII.l The    Wolski     llvdraiilic 

Rock  Drill.  F.  .\.  Tailxit.  (Eng.  and  .Min. 
Journ..  June  Is.  191o;  1%  pp..  lilus.i  20c. 
12.93-1— DI'MP  RICKETS Turnoier  and 
Bottom  Dump  Buckets.  (Industrial  Mag., 
.May,  1010  ;  2.-1U   pp.,  lllus.)   2iic. 

12.!):!(!  — ELECTRICCIRCI  IT  PRoBI.E.MS. 
Design  and  Testing.  (Coll.  (juard..  May  19 
and  27.  l'.)l();  I'l  pp.,  lllus.)  Continuation 
of  article  previously  Indexed,  dealing  with 
alternating  and   polyphase  currents.     Ooc. 

12.937  -ELECTRIC  EIJIiP.MENT  -  -  Notes 
on  the  Erection  and  Maintenance  of  Electrical 
Plant  on  a  Gold  Mine.  W.  Elsdou  Dew. 
(Trans.  So.  African  Inst.  Elec.  l^agrs..  Mar., 
191(1 ;  0  pp.)    OOc: 

12.93S— ELECTRIC  POWER— Mechanical 
Defects  In  Mining  .Motors.  ( IClec.  Rev..  Lon- 
don,  May  0.    1910;    1 'j    pp..   illus.i    40c. 

12.930— ELECTRIC  POWER  Sleam  Driv- 
en Transmtssirm  System.  (Elec.  Wld..  June 
10.  1910;  7  pp..  Illus.i  Describes  plant  of 
Interstate  Llglit  and  Power  (.'onipany  in  the 
zinc  and  lead  Held  of  southwestern  Wis- 
consin.     20c. 

12.940— ELECTRIC  POWER —The  Hydro- 
electric Development  of  the  Great  Western 
Power  Company. — I  and  II.  (Eng.  Kec.. 
June   11   and   18,    1010;   o',-i    pp..    lllus.)    4oc. 

12.941— GAS  ENGINES  for  Driving  Alter- 
nating Current  Generators.  H.  G,  Relst. 
(Journ..    A.    S.    M.    E.,   June.    1910;    3    pp.) 

12.942  —  HYDROELECTRIC  POWER  —  A 
General  Review  of  Hydroelectric  lOnglneerlng 
Practice.  Frank  Koesler.  I  l-^ng.  .Mag..  .lune, 
1910;  2:!'.l.  pp..  Illus.i  Third  article  of 
series,  dealing  with  turbines,  water  wheels 
and  mechanical  equipment  of  the  power 
plant.      4iic. 

12.94:!  —  LOCOMOTIVES —  Internal  Com- 
bustion Locomotives  in  Mines  and  for  Sur 
face  Haulage.  (Petrol.  Rev..  .Mav  21,  191(i ; 
1'4    pp.,   llius.)    40c. 

12.944  POWER  PLANT  ECONOMIZERS. 
Frank  Klngsley.  I  Eng.  Rec.  June  4.  1010; 
2'-,i    pp..    Illus.i     2(lc. 

12.04.-.— POWER  PLANTS  at  Wallii.  N.  Z. 
W.  Wilson.  I.\usl.  .Min.  and  Eng.  Rev.,  Mav 
.->,    1910;    4'',     pp..    illus.i    40c. 

12.040  —  ITMPS  —  Eniciency  of  Centrif- 
ugal Pum|)s.  F.  W.  Kerns.  (Min.  and  Sci. 
Press,  June   11.   1010;    I '4    pp..   illus.i    2(lc. 

12.047 — PI'MPS  -The  Design.  Construi- 
tion  and  Operation  of  lllgb-llfi  Centrifugal 
Pumps.  Frank  zur  Nedden.  (Eng.  Mag.. 
May.  191(1;  7  pp.,  lllus.i  Fifth  article  of 
series,  dealing  with  special  high-llft  turlio- 
pumps.      40c. 

12.94s— PYROMETER— A  New  Pyrometer. 
Charles  E.  Foster.  1  Journ.  Franklin  Inst.. 
May.   1910;   .8  pp..   Illus.i    OOc. 

12.949— STEAM  TritlllNES  -  Re.iprocal- 
Ing  Engines  vs.  Steam  Turbines.  Sydney  1'. 
Walker.  I  Journ..  Brit.  Soc.  Min  Students. 
Apr..    19111 ;    12    pp.  I 

SA.>II'LI\G   .\ND   .VSS.WIM; 

12.950- ARSENIC.  ANTIMONY  AND  TIN 
— The  .\pplication  of  Potassium  l-'erricyanide 
in  .\lkaline  Solution  to  the  l^stiiuiillon  of 
.\rsenic.  .\ntimony  and  Tin.  Ho\var<l  1%.  Pal- 
mer. (Am.  Journ.  Science.  .May.  191ii:  4'... 
pp.)     40c. 

12.0,-1 — ASSAYING  SPI.PIIIDE  ORES. 
F.  G.  Ilawley.  (Eng.  and  Mln.  Journ..  June 
11.  P.llo;  'i,  p. I  Describes  a  method  In  use 
at  the  plant  of  tlie  Cananea  Cons.  Copper 
Company.      2(ic. 

12.9.-,2  crPEl.I.ATlON— Volatilization  ..f 
I.eail  and  Silver  In  Ciiiiellatlon.  Donald  M 
Liddi-ll.  ( l-^ng.  and  ^Iln.  Journ..  June  11. 
1910;    '...    p.i    2(ic. 

12.9.-.::      IM-ECTItOANAI.YSIS   -Rapid  El 

troanalysls  wltli  Stationary  I^lectrodes.  T. 
Slater  Price  and  T.  C.  lliimphrevs.  ijourii. 
Soc.    Chem.    Ind..    Mar.    :!1.    1910;    2'>,     pp.1 

12.9.-.4  LABORATORY  BI'ILDING  Com- 
bined Offlee  and  Ijiboratory  Building.  Evans 
W.  Biiskett.  (Eng  and  Mln.  Journ..  May  21. 
Hilii:   1    p.,  Illus.i    2(ic. 

12.9.-..-.  —  MOLYBDENI'M.  VANADICM 
ETC.- -The  I'se  of  Silver  In  Ihe  Delermlnii 
Hon  of  Molvlideniim.  Vauadluui.  Sidenliim  ami 
Telliirliim.  '  Claiidi'  C.  Perkins  (Am.  Jouru 
Scl..    June,    1010;    3    pp.  1    4(ic 

12.0.-.(; — OF.\N'l'IT.VI'l\'E  ANALYSIS— Till' 
Itefrailomeler  In  (.luanlllatlve  .\nalysls.  A.  L. 
Tnliim.  (West.  Chem.  and"  Met..  Apr.,  lOlo; 
2    pp..    llUis.)    ROc. 

12.9.-.7    siLPiirii     deti:r\hxation   - 

The  Exact  Determination  of  Siilpiiur  in  Sol- 
uble Sulphates.  E.  T  .\llen  and  John  John- 
ston. (Journ.  Am.  Chem.  Soc  May.  19l(i; 
20   pp.)    80c. 


52 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  2,  1910. 


CHEMICALS.  MINERALS.  RARE  EARTHS.  ETC.— CURRENT  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 


ABRASIVES— 

Carbons,  good  drill  quality,  carat$50. 00@75 .  00 
Carborundum,    f.o.b.    Niagara 

Falls,  powd lb-  ,n^   ,? 

Grains i^Hjn 

Corundum .•  •  •  .u/o.  lu 

Crushed   Steel,   f.o.b.    Pitts- 

burg .■■  .051®.  06 

Emery      in    kegs;    Turkish,.  ^^^^^^ 

Grains:::::::::;;:...;:  -o^fi-^t 

'^^Sir-::::::::;::::  ;    i: 

^^^r^;:::::::::;:"  ;o^ll:St 

Peekskill       flour.       f.o.b. 

Easton,  Pa •"AsBs°nt 

Grains   in  kegs .02^ @  .06 

Garnet,  per  quality:  :sh.  ton.  25.00@,35.00 
pSmice  Stone.  Am-:Powd.,1001b.   1„60@2^00 

Italian,  powdered .  .per  lb.  •011®:°'! 

Lump,  per  quality..  '    n?ini 

Rottenstone,  ground..  X-X  on 

Lump,  per  quality..  -n^f   qo 

Rogue,  per  quality  .  .  .osig  .ju 
Steel    Emery,    f.o.b.    Pitts- 

burg . 074(5). 07t 

Acetic  28% lb-  0^* 

Hydrofluoric:  301. :::::::; ;;  .02i® .  63i 

52%:;::::;;;  •■  o?* 

"             60%  ■  ^^ 

Hydrochloric  acid,  26»  per  ioO  lb.  1 -25®!  .60 

Nttric  acid,  36°  to  40°     per  b.  . 03i@ ^04* 

Sulphuric  acid,  50°,  bulk  per  ton.  „.  ^p  up 

60°    100  lb.  m  carboys.  .85@112* 

60°   bulk,  ton,.... ^...  16,00|'18.00 

66°.  100  lb.  in  carboys.  1  00@1    10 

66°,  bulk,  ton „„i*n?? 

Oxalic per  lb-  .075@.07J 

ALCOHOL— Grain  95% gal.  2.52^2  o5 

Denatured :.,•■,;  a,- ••  •   '..  w/a's? 

Refined  wood ,  95  @97  %  . . .   "  .  52  @ .  57 

AIAIM-Lump 100  lb.  $1.75 

Ground "  «^ir^nt 

Chrome  Alum "  .04i@.05 

ALVMINUM— Sulphate, com'l.  lb.  1.50©2.00 

AMMONIA— 24  deg.  lb "  .04i®  .05i 

26deg.  lb "  .041®. 05i 

AMMONIUM— 

^ZSe::::::::::::::::'!:-  .o8®.oii 

n^i^r'^" ;:;;:;:••  oltioU 

Sulphat^e,  ioolb.: ;;  2.75@3.00 

Sulpho-cyanide  com •^? 

'■             "       chem.  pure.  .•>" 

ANTIMONY— needle,  lump.  .lb.  .04i®.05 

Oxide "  .07i®.08 

ARSENIC— white "  .02i@.02J 

Red,  Outside  brands "  . 07 

Saxony .07i®.08 

ASPHALTBM—  _ 

Barbadoes per  ton.  80.00@100.00 

West  Indies "  30.00@60  00 

Egyptian lb.  .18®. .10 

Gilsonite.  Utah  ordinary  per  ton.  32  00®40  00 

Trinidad     "  20.00@25  00 

California perton.  2S.00@30.00 

DARIliM— 

Carb.  Lump.  80®90%.lg.  ton.  26.00@35.00 

Precipitated,  96@98%    •'  33.00®3.-.^0p 

Powiiered,  natural lb.  .02®  02i 

Chloride  com'l ton.  32.00®35^00 

Nitrate  powdered,  in  casks,  .lb.  05®^ Obi 

Blanc  Fixe,  dry,  bbl...   per  lb.  .02}®. 04 
BARYTES— 

Am    Ground sh.  ton.  12.00(5  15  00 

Floated •■  17.00®19,00 

Foreign  floated "  20.00@23.00 

BLEACHING  PO"WDER— 35% 

100  1b 1.20@1.25 

BLUE  VITRIOL— (copper  sul- 
phate), carload,  per  1001b.  4.00@4.25 

BONE  ASH lb.  .02J@.04 

BORAX,  sacks "  .03j@  05 

CALCII-M  — Acetate,gray,1001b.  2.00@2.05 
Carbide,   ton   lots  f.o.b.    Niag- 
ara Kails,  N.  Y.,  for  Jersey 

City    N.J sh.  ton.  65,00 

Chloride,  f.o.b.  N.  Y,,.       "  11.00@14,10 

CEMENT— Slag  cement..  .    bbl.  .75@1   25 

Portland.  Am.  500  lb "  1.50(5^.60 

ForeiKn "  2.25®2  <)0 

"  RoseiHlale,"  300  lb "  85 

(in  sacks) "  .65 

CHROME    ORB— 

New  Caledonia  50%   ex.  ship 

NY per  Ig.   ton.  14.00@16  00 

Bricks,  f.o.b.  Pittsburg,  per  M.  175.00 
CLAY,  CHINA— Am.    common 

ex-dock,  N.  Y ton.  8  00@9.00 

Foreign "  11  .50@18,OO 

COBALT— Oxide lb.  .80®  85 


COPPERAS— Bulk 100  lb.  SO. 55 

In  bbls '•  .65®. 80 

In  bags "  .60®. 75 

CRYOLITE  (carload) lb.  .06}®.  07 

FELDSPAR— Ground,  .sh.  ton.  6.00@14.00 
FIRE  BRICK— 

American per  M.  30 .  00@40 .  00 

Imported "  30.00®45.00 

at     T  niiis                                       "  16 ,  00 

Extra    .■.•.;:::;:::;:   ■■  2o.oo®23,oo 

Special  extra "  30.00@35.00 

FIRE  CLAY— F.o.b.  St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis,  extra  quality.per  ton.  5.00 

ordinary.  ..."  2.50 
FLUORSPAR— 

Domestic  f.o.b.  Pittsburg:  „        _          „ 

Lump          ton.  8.00(«'10  00 

Ground "  12.00®14  00 

Foreign  crude  ex.  dock.      "  8,oO 
FULLER'S  E.ARTH— Lump.lOOIb.     .80®.  85 

Powdered "  .80®. 85 

GRAPHITE— Ceylon. 

Flying  dust,  finest  to  best ..  .lb.  .02®.  04 

Dust "  .02J®.05 

Chip         "  ,04®, 08 

Lump     ••  .05i®.12 

Large  lump "  .0Si®,10i 

GYPSUM— 

Fertilizer sh.  ton.  5  00 

Ground 4.00®/   00 

INFUSORIAL  EARTH— 

Ground  Am.  Best lb.  .011@.02i 

German "  .02i®.02| 

LEAD— Acetate  (sugar  of )  brown, 

lb.  .07i®.09i 

Nitrate,  com'l "  -O^i 

MAGNESITE— Greece. 

Crude  (95%) Ig-  ton.  „7  50®8,50 

Calcined ,  powdered . . ,  .  sh .  ton.  26 .  00® 3  j.  00 

Brick,  domes,  per  qual.  f.o  b.  ,^^r.onr, 

Pittsburg M.  160®200 

MAGNESIUM— 

Chloride,  com'l 100  lb.  .90®  1.25 

Sulphate  (Epsom  salt) . .  100  lb.  .  90®  1 .  00 
M.ANGANESE— 

Foreign,  crude,  powdered: 

70®75%  binoxide lb.  .01®  .Oli 

75®85%  binoxide "  .Oli®. 01* 

85@90%  binoxide "  .OH®. 04 

90@95%  binoxide "  06* 

Ore,  8070-85 % sh.  ton.  16.00®32.50 

marble:— Flour sh.  ton.  7.00®9.00 

MINERAL  'WOOL— 

Slag,  ordinary sh.  ton.  19.00 

Selected ;;  25.00 

Rock,  ordinary 3.^.00 

MONAZITE   SAND— 

Guar.  97%,  with  5%  Thorium 

oxide,  normal lb.  .08  and  up 

NICKEL— 

Oxide,  crude,  lb.  (77%)  for  fine 

metal  contained ,„,  ^   ,T 

Sulphate,  single lb.  .10i®.ll 

Sulphate,  double "  .05i@.08 

NITRATE  OF  SODA— 

100  lb.  95% 2 . 07i @2 , 1 0 

95%  for  1910 2.074®2.10 

96%  is  24@7ic.  higher  per  100  lb. 

OZOKERITE— best lb.  .14®.  17 

PAINTS  AND  COLORS— 

Litharge,  Am.  powdered lb.  .05J@.06i 

English  glassmakers' "  .08}®,09i 

Lithophone "  .034®  07 

Metallic,  brown sh.  ton  16.50@30,00 

Red,. "  14.00®18,00 

Ocher,  Am.  common. . .       "  10,00®15,00 

Best         "  12, OOC"  15.00 

Dutcti,  washed lb.  .02J®  ,03 

French,  wa.shed "  .01}®  02 

Paris  green,  pure,  bulk "  .  174®^ 204 

Red  lead,  American "  .06J@,07 

l.^oreign "  .08i(fi),09i 

Turpentine,  .spirits  bbl.,  per  gal.  ,(>2J(.rt  O.t 

White  lead.  Am,,  dry lb.  . o.'i J  (m  ,  06 i 

American,  in  oil "  .07®  .07} 

Foreign,  in  oU "  .09(a).09i 

Zinc  white.  Am.  extra  dry.  .  "  .05J@.061 

French,  proc's,redseal,dry  "  .074®. 08 
French,  process,  green  seal, 

dry..    "  .10®.  10} 

PHOSPHATES— Acid 55@60c,  per  unit 

♦Fla.,  hard  rock  77% 6.00®6.50 

land  pebble  68% 3 .  75(ai4 .  00 

tTenn.,  78®80% 5 ,  00(cr5  .50 

75% 4,75(.i'5,00 

68®72% 4  ,  25(<i  4  ,  .SO 

JSo.  Car.  land  rock  60% 3 .  .50®4  00 

•Fob    Florida  or  Georgia  ports.     tK  o.b.  Mt. 
Pleasant.     JOn  vessel  Ashley  River,  S.  C. 


POTASSIUM— 

Bicarbonate  crystal lb.  •.074 

Powdered  or  granulated. .  "  .08 

Bichromate,  Am "  .074®. 08 

Scotch '•  .101 

Bromide "  .20 

Carbonate  (S0@85%) "  .034®  ,04} 

Caustic,  ordinary "  .03i(<i    iio} 

Elect,  (90%  KOH) "  .05;(5  .06 

Chloride  ( muriate) ,  100  lb  . .  1 .  90 

Chlorate,  powdered "  .OSi@.09i 

Crystals "  .09®. 09} 

Cyanide  (98®99%) 

Carloads  (30,000  lb.) "  18c. 

5-ton  lots ISJC. 

Less  than  5  tons .19 

Kainite,  long  ton,  bulk,  7.50;  bad,  9.25 

Permanganate lb.  .09}®  .  10% 

Prussiate,  yellow "  .  13® .  13i 

Red ■'  .29®. 32 

Sulphate  (basis  90%)..  .1001b.  2.18®2.21 
PYRITE— 

Domestic,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  f.o.b.  R.  R per  unit.  ll@I14c. 

Domestic,    non-arsenical,    fines, 

per  unit,  f.o.b.  mines 10i@llc. 

Imported,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  ex-ship,  per  unit .  124(a, ,  13^ 

Imported,  arsenical, furnace  size, 

ex-ship,  per  unit .12Cu-.  12i^ 

Imported  fines,arsenical,ex-ship, 

per  unit 09®  .09J- 

Imported    fines,    non-arsenical. 

ex-ship,  per  unit 10i@llc. 

Pyrite  prices  are  per  unit  of  sulphur.  A  deduc- 
tion of  25c.  per  ton  is  made  when  ore  for  furnace 
is  delivered  in  large  lumps. 

SALT— N.  Y.  com.  fine  280  lb.  bbl.  .72®  1.13 

N.  Y.  agricultural sh.  ton.  3.80@4.50 

S-ALTPETER- Crude. . .  100  lb.  4.00@4.50 

Refined,  crystals "  5.00®5.75 

SILICA— 

Ground  quartz,  ord'ry..lg.  ton  7.00®15.0» 

Silex,  ground "  7.00@15.0O 

Silex,  floated "  35. 00® 40.00 

Lump  quartz "  5.00@5.50 

Glass  sand *'  2 .  75 

SILVER— Nitrate, crystals..  .02.  .33}@.36f 

SODIIM— Acetate lb  .044®. 05 

"Alkali,"  per  100  lb.,  58/48.  ..  .90®. 95 

Bicarb,  soda,  per  100  lb 1.00@1.30 

Soda,  caustic,  per  100  lb.,  78/60  1.724@1 .85 

Soda,  caustic,  powdered .023@.03 

Salt  cake,  per  100  lb.,  bulk.. . .  .50®. 60 

Salt  cake,  bbl .65®. 85 

Soda,  monohydrate,  per  lb. . . .  1.30@1.7& 

Bichromate lb.  .05f@.06i 

Bromide "  .20 

Chlorate,  com'l "  .08i@.0«i 

Cyanide,  120-130%  KCN,  per  100% 

Carloads  (30.000  lb.) lb.  18c. 

5-ton  lots "  184c. 

Less  than  5  tons "  .20 

Hyposulphite,  Am "  1.30@1.5O 

Phosphate 100  lb.  2.10@2.4O 

Prussiate "  .084@.0» 

Sal  soda,  f.o.b.  N.  Y  ..  .      "  .60®.  75 

Foreign,  f.o.b.  N.  Y. .      "  .80®  1.00 

Silicate,  com'l "  .65@1 .00 

Sulphate,  com'l  (Glauber's salt) 

100  1b.  .60®. 80 

Sulphate,  com'l,  calcined .65®. 85 

STRONTIUM— Nitrate lb.  .07®  .08 

SULPHUR— Louisiana  (prime)  to 

New  York Ig.  ton.  22.00  up 

To  Boston,  Philadelphia  or 

Baltimore "  22. 50  up 

Roll    180  lb.  1.85@2.15 

Flour "  2.00®2.40 

Flowers,  sublimed  ,,  .       "  2.20@2,6O 

Powdered  commercial,  bags  1 ,  55 
Sicilian,  extra  qual..  unmixed 
seconds,    crude   brimstone 

to  New  York Ig.  ton.  $22.00 

TERRA  ALBA— Fr.&EnglOOlb.         ,70©1.0O 

TALC— Domestic sh.  ton.  12.00®20,0O 

French "  15.00@25.0O 

Italian,  best "  30.00@4O.0O 

TIN-Bi-chloride,  50° lb.  .10 

Crystals "  .224®.  24 

Oxide,  lb "  .37®. 40 

URANIIiM- Oxide "  2.20@4.25 

ZINC— Chloride  sol.,  com.  20°  "  .02} 

Chloride,  granular "  .04(5i  (14} 

Dust "  .064 

Sulphate "  .02®.  02} 

fjoTE — These  quotations  are  for  ordinary 
wholesale  lots  in  New  York  unless  otherwise 
specified,  and  are  generally  subject  to  the  usual 
trade  discounts.  In  the  cases  of  some  of  the 
important  minerals,  such  as  phosphate  rock, 
pyrites  and  .sulphur,  in  which  there  are  well 
established  markets,  the  quotations  are  substan- 
tially rcpiw^entativc.  Hut  in  the  ca.ses  of  some  01 
the  '  minor  mineral  products,  the  quotations 
represent  what  dealers  ask  of  consumers  and  not 
what  producers  can  realize  in  selling  their  out- 
put as  a  matter  of  private  contract. 


,TiTTri'ri'i'i'i'i')'iTi'i'i'i'i'i'i'rr»'.'i'rrriV)'i'AV).'AYi'n'),7  .•f'l'i'i'i'i^i'Pi'pi-mn'fi'i'i'riu'i'i-'n'prvA'ATVi'A'i'tTi^fTTIi'nTTI'tTi'it'riV'iTJ 


THE 


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ENGINEERING^^. 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEEKLY 


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VGL.QO 


JULY  Q,    IQIO. 


NO. 


circulation;  statemkxt 

During  11)09  ire  printnl  uitil  circulated 
5S4,oOO  eopicH  of  TiiE  Enginekking  and 
.Mixing    JotiiiXAL. 

Our  vireulation  for  June,  lOlo,  ir<;.s  4'J,0Uii 
copies. 

Julii    -J 11,0110 

July    !) '.i.r.Od 

yone  netit  free  yet/ultirlii.  tin  Imrl:  iimulicrs. 
yiiiur(:'<    iiri     lire,    net    eirrulitt inn . 

Contents  page 


The  Bureau  of  Mines 


Kdltorlnis  : 

Till'   Itiirenii    of   Mines 

rii;    Iiim    and    Steel    I'roductlon    of    the 

Wiiild     

EnKineeilnj;    Dejjrees 

June    Iiividends 

ChronolDRV   uf  MiDin;:  I'm-  .Iiiiu'.    IIIIO.  .  .  . 

William   I'.   Blake.   I,  L.  D.— A  Tribute. 

Uiorfic    W.    Maunuril 

Bureau    uf   Mines. 

\Vii!<h iiiiilon    Correnpondcnce 

The     International     Smeltery     at     Tooele, 
rtali Xiill   Lake  Correxpoiiileiiee 

I'oreuplne    Iilstrict 

Huty  on   Zlne-I.ead   Ores 

Withdrawals    of    Mineral    Land 

Ini|)or(aiit    Mexioan    1  >ecislon 

Iietails  of   I'ruriical    Mlnlnj;  ; 

•Till'  (irliiinal  Consolidatert  Self-Dunip- 
Inj;  Skip.  ..  .Lack  of  Oxycen  In  lly- 
draiilii-  .\lr  at  CobaH  .  .  .  .  •lOliMiinatins 
Sliovelliii;  In  Siinarc  Set  Slopes.  .  .  . 
Sand  IMIlhiK  on  ilw  Central  Hand.... 
•.V  Simple  .\iitciinatie  Sampler.... 
•Skip  Chairs  at  .\rKonaiil  .Mine.... 
Electric  Sliot  I'irint;.  .  .  .Fast  lirlftlnK 
....  I'si'  for  Worn  I'lns  of  Dredge 
Hackfts.  .  .  .'Telesioplc  Cate  for  Case-S 
•Cale   for   (Ire  Chnle 

•-Vicuracy  of  Mechanical   Uillle  Ore  Samp- 
lers. .* Liiuift    It.    llllntoou 

•i:ieclrlc    Locomotives    on     Heavy    tirades 

Niiitiral  (iaa  and   I'elroleum   near   l-'ayelte, 

.\la 

iis  on  the  Moctezuma  Olsti-ict  of 
Si>norn Sperial     forrespotulenee 

•  :"\\n     Reserve     to    Ship     Silver     Ore     to 
Cernnuiv    

■silver  Cyanlding  at  the  San   Ilafael   Mill, 

I'nchni'a A.',    flirault 

1  on  the   West   Vlr^'lnia   Ollllelds 

limonlal    to    I'lerre    Martin 

iinea  Cimsolldated  Copper  Company  in 

I'.ioo L.   I).  Rhketln 

Itetort    Charger 

•  cne-Cananea    Copper    Company 

■sir>p|in;    at    llonieslnke    Mine     of     South 
l»akota .John    Tfinnoirxki 

•'■'•■    It'diang    I.elionK    Mine.     Kutch    East 

ImII.'S     

•I'lMi     Illver    &    Northwestern    Itallroaii. 

Alaska /..    W.  Storm 

■    Assay   for   Vanadium   Ores 

irers  In   the  Itltumlnons  Coal   Industry 

'■ue   Woi-k    after    Mine    ICxploslon 

I"  Uescne   Station   for   Indiana 

i-ly    Lamps    versus    Naked    Lights. 

llritiMli    rorrmiiondence. 

Safety  Laws  Proposed  for  Coal   Mines.  . . . 

Personal.    Obituary    and    Societies 

I'^IItorlal    Correspondence 

Mlninu    News 

Markets    

I'lvldends    

'Illuittrntrd. 


5(i 


(il> 
G.T 

r>.-, 

(it! 
GO 
07 

on 

fi!) 

70 
7:1 
7:! 


70 
SO 

8-.: 
m 

83 
S4 
8.-1 

SO 

ss 

it:! 

100 


On  July  1  the  Bureau  of  Mines  came 
into  formal  existence,  but  without  a 
permanent  head — a  possibly  unprece- 
dented condition,  certainly  an  unfortunate 
one.  The  usefulness  and  character  of 
such  an  organization  are  determined 
largely  by  the  impress  of  the  first  di- 
rector. The  Geological  Survey  owes 
much  of  its  prestige  to  Clarence  King, 
who  trained  the  sapling  to  respectable 
growth.  The  Bureau  of  Mines  similarly 
requires  the  guiding  hand  of  a  broad 
and   competent  man. 

The  headship  of  the  new  bureau  has 
fallen  temporarily  to  Dr.  George  Otis 
Smith,  director  of  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey, who,  it  is  understood,  will  give  way 
for  the  permanent  head  when  the  Ad- 
ministration has  made  up  its  mind.  This 
situation  results  from  personal  and  po- 
litical animosities  and  the  interference 
of  the  management  of  the  Geological 
Survey  in  a  manner  that  has  called  forth 
general  condemnation  from  the  mining 
press  and  many  persons  prominent  in 
the   mining   industry. 

There  was  not  a  general  demand  for 
the  creation  of  a  bureau  of  mines,  the 
bill  for  which  was  lobbied  through  Con- 
gress. As  created  it  has  great  power 
for  harm  to  the  mining  business.  It 
also  has  power  to  be  useful.  Whether 
it  will  be  harmful  or  useful,  or  more  or 
less  of  both,  will  depend  chiefly  upon  the 
inspiration   of  its   primary   management. 

Let  us  pause  here  to  say  that  most 
of  the  new  legislative  program  that  has 
lately  been  disturbing  industry  is  not 
bad.  The  scheme  for  railway  regulation 
is  not  had.     The  very  persons  who  are 


now  drawing  long  faces  about  some  of 
these  things  will  some  day  be  loudest  in 
their  applause  for  them.  But  there  is 
nevertheless  a  real  ground  for  fear  as 
to  how  the  administration  and  its 
bureaucracy  may  construe  some  of  these 
laws  and  exercise  their  authority.  It  is 
not,  for  example,  the  principle  of  con- 
servation of  our  forests  that  excites  out- 
cry, but  the  unnecessarily  irritating,  per- 
haps unjust,  way  in  which  the  officials 
of  the  Forest  Service  have  acted  in  num- 
erous cases.  It  is  this  sort  of  thing  that 
we  want  to  exclude  in  the  Bureau  of 
Mines. 

Since  we  are  going  to  have  a  Bureau 
of  Mines  we  want  to  see  it  developed  in 
the  most  efficient  manner  possible.  We 
do  not  want  to  see  it  mixing  into  things 
with  which  it  has  no  business,  and  we 
do  not  want  to  see  it  in  response  to  re- 
quests from  other  bureaus  giving 
pseudo-expert  opinions  about  things 
whereof  it  knows  not.  We  do  not  want 
to  see  it  advising  that  copper  smelters 
in  the  West  can  and  ought  to  make  sul- 
phuric acid  or  defining  the  commercial 
meaning  of  "calamine"  as  silicate  of 
zinc  and  we  do  not  want  to  see  it  com- 
pel citizens  to  defend  themselves  in  the 
courts   against   inexpert   absurdities. 


Pig  Iron  and  Steel    Production   of 
the  World 


We  have  now  the  complete  reports  of 
the  three  principal  iron-producing  nations, 
which  together  furnish  more  than  80  per 
cent,  of  the  iron  and  steel  of  the  world, 
for  1909.  The  difference  between  that 
year  and  1908  was  so  sharp  that  a  period 


54 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9.  1910. 


of  three  years  is  included  in  the  accom-  There   are   marked    differences    in    the 

panying  table,  which  shows  the  pig  iron  steel-making  practice  of  the  three  coun- 

and  steel   made,  reduced   to  metric  tons,  tries,  and  the  analysis  of  their  steel  pro- 

for  purposes  of  comparison.  duction  in  1909,  given  in  the  second  table 

PIG  IRON  PRODUCTION.  herewith,  will  be  found  of  interest. 

1907.  1908.  1909.  [„  ,he   United   States  the    basic    open- 

nmted  states 26,193.863    16,190,<,194    26,208.19.^ 

Germany 13.046.760   11,813,511    12,917,653  hearth  fumace  is  now  the  chief  steel  pro- 
Great  Britain 10,083,638      9,438.477      9.818,911. 

ducer,  though  the  acid  bessemer  converter 

Total.,.  , 49,322,261  37,442,982  48,944,767 

STEEL  PRODUCTION  ''''"  ^°^'^^  ^  ^'^^  place.     In  Germany  the 

UnitPdstates 23.73.'i,737   14,247,619   24,338,302  basic  Converter  is  most  in  favor,  with  the 

Germany 12,063,631     11,186,379     12,049,834  .        .  ,  ,.     <■  j        , 

Great  Britain 6.627.112     5,380,372     5,'i75.735  basic  open-hcarth    fumace   second.     Less 

Total 42,426,480   311,814,370   42,353,871  than  4  per  Cent,  of  the  German  steel  was 

The  wide  difference  between   1907  and  made  by  the  acid  processes,  a  result  due 

1908  was  due  chiefly  to  the  extraordinary  necessarily  to  the  nature  of  the  iron  ores 

reduction  of  output  in  the  United  States;  which  form  the  basis  of  the  German  -in- 

but    Germany    and    Great     Britain     both  dustry.     In  Great  Britain  the  open-hearth 

showed  decreases   which   were   large    for  furnace  is  most  largely  in  use,  but  basic 

the   trade   of  those   countries,   where   the  steel    forms   only   a    little   over   one-third 

fluctuations    are     usually    much    smaller  of  the  total. 

than  in  our  own  country.    Last  year  there         It  is  noticeable  that  steel  from  the  elec- 

was  a  recovery,  practically  to  the  stand-  trie  furnace  has  now  found  a  place  in  the 

ard  set  in  1907,  in  the  United  States  and  returns  of  production  in  this  country  and 

.METHODS  OF  STEEL  PRODUCTION. 

I — United  States — ,         . Germany ^     , — Great  Britain — ^ 

Converter:  Tons.      Percent.  Ton-s.       Percent.        Tons.       Percent. 

Acid 9.480,076  39.0  151,148  1.3  1,128,819  18  9 

Basic 7,517,451  62.4  632,133  10.6 

Total 9.480,076  39.0  7,lJ68,o99  63.7  1,760,952  29.5 

Open-hearth  : 

Acid 1,093,687  4.5  311.812  2.6  2,807,369  47.0 

Basic 13,632,152  56,0  3,967„581  32.9  1.407.414  23.5 

Total 14,725,939  60.5  4,279,393  35.5  4,214,783  70.5 

Oruclble.etc 109,073  0.4  84.067  0.7  

Electric 23,314  0.1  17,773  0.1  

Total 24.338,302  100  0         12,049,834  100.0  5,975,735  101). 0 

Prop,  steel  to  pig 92.9  93.3  60  9  

Germany;  while  in  Great    Britain    there  Germany.     Its  proportion  to  the  total  in 

was  also  an  increase  over  1908,  but  not  both  countries  last  year  was  only  0.1  per 

to  the  level  of  the  earlier  year.     Taking  cent.;  but  it  may  be  expected  to  increase, 
the  totals,  there  was  in  1908  a  decrease  of 
11,879,279  tons  in  pig  iron,  and  of  11,-  Engineering  Degrees 

612,110  tons  in  steel,  as  compared   with  

1907;  while  in  1909  the  decrease  from  The  subject  of  engineering  degrees  is 
1907  was  only  377,494  tons  of  pig  iron  one  (hat  has  interested  educationalists, 
and  72,609  tons  in  steel.  The  contrasts  and  also  insofar  as  it  pertains  to  mining 
are  the  sharpest  ever  shown  in  three  sue-  and  .metallurgical  engineering,  our  read- 
cessive  years  in  the  iron  trade.  It  is  ers,  as  many  discussiorvs  in  past  volumes 
true,  however,  that  our  own  advance  in  of  the  Journal  show.  It  is  not  a  sub- 
production  was  greater  than  was  really  ject  of  great  importance  in  our  opinion, 
warranted  by  the  consumptive  demand  as  We  are  inclined  to  think  that  most  tech- 
the  experience  of  the  first  half  of  the  nical  men  forget  their  possession  of  a  de- 
current  year  has  proved;  and  in  Germany  gree  soon  after  their  graduation.  How- 
also  there  is  complaint  of  large  unsold  ever,  we  are  ready  to  agree  with  the 
stocks  and  slower  trade.  Nevertheless,  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engineering 
the  actual  sales  and  consumption  of  last  Education,  of  which  a  committee  has  just 
year  were  very  much  larger  than  in  the  made  a  report,  as  to  the  desirability  of 
period  following  the  panic  of  the  closing  uniformity  in  engineering  degrees, 
months  of  1907,  though  business  has  been  We  are  rather  amazed  at  the  variety 
done  generally  at  a  lower  range  of  prices,  and  fantasy  of  some  of  the  degrees  be- 
The  present  probability  is  that  1910  will  stowed  by  American  institutions  that  this 
show  some  reduction  from  the  totals  of  committee  has  unearthed.  Thus,  we  find 
1909,  though  it  will  be  nothing  like  the  bachelor  of  cement  engineering,  electro- 
decline  of  two  years  ago.  metallurgical   engineer,  civil   engineer  in 


architecture,  ceramic  engineer,  doctor  of 
agriculture.      This    manifests    specializa-  ■ 
tion  carried  almost  to  the  absurd. 

We  deprecate  the  bestowal  of  such 
professional  degrees  as  mining  engineer 
and  iTietallurgical  engineer,  which  terms 
indicate  a  vocation.  A  man  who  has 
never  received  a  collegiate  degree  but  is 
by  practice  a  mining  engineer,  has  a  per- 
fect right  to  call  himself  such,  and  if  he 
chooses  to  label  himself  with  a  title  of 
his  business  (which  most  engin'i'ers  do 
not)  he  has  a  perfect  right  to  abbre- 
viate it  to  M.E.  We  do  not  see  why 
any  technical  school  should  desire  to 
confer  such  a  degree;  in  the  first  place 
the  fresh  graduate  is  not  a  mining  engi- 
neer, and  in  the  second  place,  the  degree 
is  not  distinctive,  as  we  have  pointed 
out  above. 

The  committee  of  the  Society  for  the 
Promotion  of  Engineering  Education  has 
not  presented  exactly  the  above  view,  but 
evidently  it  had  somewhat  the  same 
thought.  Among  its  recommendations 
are  the   following: 

A  four-year  engineering  course  should 
normally  lead  to  the  degree  bachelor  of 
science,  to  which  should  be  added  a  spe- 
cifying phrase,  as  for  example,  bachelor 
of  science  in  civil  engineering. 

The  professional  engineering  degrees 
C.E.,  M.E.,  etc.,  should  be  given  only  to 
graduates  who  present  satisfactory  evi- 
dence of  professional  work  of  superior 
quality  extending  over  not  less  than  three 
years,  and  who  submit  a  satisfactory 
thesis. 

These  recommendations  are  sound,  es- 
pecially the  first  one. 


The  coal-miners'  strike  in  northern 
Illinois  has  settled  down  to  a  test  of  en- 
durance, and  it  seems  probable  now  that 
there  will  be  no  general  settlement,  but 
a  gradual  crumbling  away  on  one  side  or 
the  other.  Southern  Illinois  broke  away 
from  the  State  association  three  weeks 
ago  and  made  its  own  settlement. 


The  spelter  mar-cet  became  a  trifle 
stronger  upon  the  report  that  some  of  the 
smelters  were  curtailing  their  output. 
The  zinc  smelters  generally  do  this  when 
the  market  will  not  take  their  production 
except  at  a  sacrifice.  They  are  in  busi- 
ness as  producers,  and  have  no  direct  I 
concern  with  the  stock  market.  This  is  a 
difference  between  the  zinc  business  andj 
the  copper  business. 


July  9,   UnO. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


55 


June   Dividends 


The  accompanying  table  shows  the 
amount  per  share  and  total  amount  of 
the  dividends  paid  during  June.  1910,  by 
a  number  of  mining  and  industrial  com- 
panies in  the  United  States,  Canada  and 
Mexico. 


V.  .S.  Mining 

Situa- 

Amt. per 

Companies. 

tion. 

Share. 

Amt.  Paid. 

Am.  Smeltcvs.  pf.  A. 

U.  S. 

$1.50 

$255,000 

.Am.  Smelters,  pf.  li. 

V.  s. 

1.25 

375,000 

Blinker  IIill&Siil.,.s.l. 

Ida. 

CTO 

98.100 

Butte  I'oil.  e 

.Mont. 

0.25 

230,000 

Ida. 
Ariz. 

0.01 
1.00 

l:i,0(l(l 

Calumet  *  .Viiz.,  c.  . 

■21)0.11(1(1 

Calumet  &  Herla .  .  . 

Mich. 

7  (K) 

70(),()()(l 

Colorado,  s.l 

Utah 

0 .  08 

SO.dOO 

Cunil)erlan<i-El.v,  c. . 

Nev. 

0.10 

130,000 

Do*'  Itiin  I/yid 

Mo. 

1.50 

'.18.623 

Elkton.  K 

Colo. 

O.Oli 

37  ..500 

El  Fa.<o  (^iold  King. 

Colo. 

0.02 

20, (100 

Fed.  .M.AS.pf.  si..  . 

Ida. 

1.75 

210,(1(10 

(Joldfield  Cons.,  g. . . 

Nev. 

0 .  .50 

1,77!I.1SS 

Homestake,  g 

S.Dak. 

0 .  .->o 

1(W.2()0 

International   Nickel 

N.  V. 

1 .  .50 

133.6S<» 

Inter.  Sm.  &  Ref. .  .  . 

Utah 

■i.TM 

2."iO.(IO(l 

Iron  Blossom,  s.l .  . . 

Utah 

0 .  06 

6(1.000 

Little  Bel! 

Utah 

0.05 

15.000 

Mar.v  McKinney,  E. . 

Colo. 

0.01 

13,(192 

Nevada  Cons.,  c.  ,  .  . 

Nev. 

0.37i 

431, .500 

North  .Star,  g 

Cdl. 

0.50 

125,000 

Phelps  Dodge,  c 

U.S. 

2.50 

1,123,365 

Qiiinry,  c 

Mich. 

1.25 

137,500 

Uepnldie  Mine-s,  g. .  . 

Wash 

0.01 

10,000 

Round  .Mountain,  g 

Nev. 

0.04 

34,6.50 

.Snowstorm,  e 

Ida. 

O.Oli 

22, .500 

.St.  .Joseph  lyead.  .  .  . 
United  Verde,  c  .  .  . . 

Mo. 

0   15 

1.50.000 

.\riz. 

0.75 

225,000 

Uncle  Sam,  .s.l 

Utah 

0.02 

10,000 

Utah  Copper,  c 

Yukon  C.oid 

Utah 

0.75 

.550,218 

Alas. 

0.10 

350,000 

Foreign  Mining 

Stiua- 

Amt.  per 

Companies. 

tion. 

.Share. 

Amt.    Paid. 

Kerr  I.ake,  s 

Onl. 

$0.50 

S  300,000 

Nipissing,  a 

Ont. 

0.25 

300,000 

Uio  Plata,  s 

Mex. 

0.10 

37,343 

U.  .S.  Industrials. 


Gen.  Chetn..  com 
Natl.  Ijfud.  pf. .  . 
Sloss  Sheltiefd,  c 

Standard  Oil 

U.  S.  Steel  Cp.,  com. 


com . 


.Situa-  |.\mt.  pen 
tion.      Share.   i.\nit.   Paid. 


U.  S. 
N.  Y. 

Ala. 
U.  S. 
U.  S. 


$1 .  25 
1.75 
1.25 
9.00 
1.25 


.$92,626 

426.433 

'       125.0(10 

1  8.730.000 

I  6,353,781 


Chronology  of  Mining  for  June, 
1910 

June  4 — Old  Homestead  zinc  mill,  at 
Platteville,  Wis.,  burned. 

June  8 — Five  killed  by  falling  cage  at 
Richard  mine  of  the  Thomas  Iron  Com- 
pany, at  Dover,  N.  J. 

June  13 — Proposed  consolidation  of 
the  El  Rayo,  Dolores  and  Mines  Com- 
pany  of  America   companies   announced. 

Black  Mountain  mine,  at  Cerro  Prieto, 
Son.,  Mexico,  closed  because  of  exhaus- 
tion of  the  ore, 

June  15 — Fire  destroys  surface  plant 
of  Empire  State  property.  Cripple  Creek. 
Colo. — Case  of  Silver  King  Consolidated 
Mining  Company  vs.  Silver  King  Coali- 
tion Mines  Company  concluded  at  Salt 
Lake  after  taking  4,000,000  words  of  tes- 
timony, beginning  in  December,   1909. 

June  16 — Arizona-New  Mexico  state- 
hood bills  passed  by  Congress. 

June  17 — Announcement  of  proposed 
issue  of  $2,500,000  bonds  by  Utah  Cop- 


per  Company    to    build    a    railroad    froin 
Bingham  to  Garfield. 

June  20  —  Receiver  appointed  in  Ari- 
zona for  the  Cieneguita  Copper  Com- 
pany of  Sonora, 


William  P.  Blake,   LL.D.- 
A  Tribute 


By  George  W.  Maynard  * 


The  best  way  to  get  to  know  a  man 
is  to  work  with  him,  travel  with  him  and 
camp  and  bunk  with  him,  and  if  this  ex- 
perience—  prolonged  for  many  years  in 
comfort,  discomfort  and  some  hardship — 
results  in  strengthening  the  bonds  of 
friendship,  both  parties  are  indeed  to  be 
congratulated. 

At  Troy,  in  November,  1871,  was  held 
the  third  meeting  of  the  American  In- 
stitute of  Mining  Engineers,  and  it  was 
at  that  meeting  I  first  met  William  P. 
Blake,  a  most  striking  personality,  with 
an  altitude  of  fully  six  feet,  crowned 
with  snow-white  hair  like  a  lion's  mane, 
but  with  a  skin  without  a  wrinkle,  a 
ruddy  complexion  and  brilliant  eye.  The 
meeting  was  followed  by  an  excursion  to 
the  iron  mines  back  of  Port  Henry,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  thus  affording  all  of 
us  an  opportunity  of  "discovering  one 
another,"  as  Raymond  has  so  happily 
expressed  it.  This  was  the  beginning  of 
an  acquaintance  which  soon  ripened  into 
friendship  and  in  the  course  of  time  into 
intimate  professional   relations. 

We  frequently  worked  together  in  mine 
examinations,  the  first  having  been  the 
Alice  mine,  at  Butte,  which  at  that  time 
was  one  of  the  most  important  mines  in 
the  district,  I  recall  that  I  was  greatly 
impressed  by  his  grasp  of  the  geological 
conditions  and  the  facility  with  which  he 
illustrated  the  vein  formations  with  col- 
ored pencils.  In  this  and  subsequent 
work  in  the  Butte  district,  his  industry 
both  in  the  field  and  working  up  his 
notes  was  untiring. 

The  influence  of  his  reputation  was  il- 
lustrated by  an  amusing  episode. 

He  had  been  retained  in  an  apex  suit 
at  Butte,  which,  however,  had  not  yet 
come  to  trial,  but  the  fact  of  his  being 
retained  was  widely  published,  so  that 
when  he  returned  to  Salt  Lake  City  he 
was  asked  to  accept  a  retainer  in  another 
suit  which  had  been  brought  in  connec- 
tion with  a  similar  contest  in  Utah.  He 
promptly  declined  to  act  without  in  the 
first  place  making  an  examination.  The 
result  of  the  examination  was  that  he 
advised  his  client  that  he  would  lose  his 
case  if  it  came  to  trial.  During  his  ab- 
sence, however,  the  employment  of  Pro- 
fessor Blake  was  made  known  through 
the  papers,  so  the  other  side  got  scared 
and    settled. 


•Mining    engineer 
Y..rk. 


20    Nassau    street.    New 


During  late  years  we  were  much  to- 
gether in  Arizona.  He  visited  me  during 
a  Christmas  week  at  the  Santa  Rita  pla- 
cer mines.  Our  daily  journeys  in  the 
saddle  in  that  beautiful  but  little  known 
country  were  a  joy  and  a  liberal  geolog- 
ical education.  During  my  many  visits 
to  Tucson  of  late  years,  it  was  my  good 
fortune  to  be  in  almost  daily  intercourse 
with  my   friend. 

He  selected  Tucson  as  a  winter  home 
on  account  of  the  illness  of  one  of  his 
sons,  who  subsequently  died  there,  A 
mining  department  had  been  established 
as  an  adjunct  to  the  University  of  Ari- 
zona, and  on  the  resignation  of  the  first 
director.  Professor  Blake  became  his 
successor.  He  was  so  fortunate  as  to 
have  able  and  enthusiastic  men  asso- 
ciated with  him,  so  that  notwithstanding 
limited  resources,  excellent  work  was 
done  and  well  trained  men  were  gradu- 
ated, as  I  happen  to  know  by  employing 
some  of  them  as  my  assistants  in  the 
field.  Professor  Blake  was  an  ideal 
teacher  and  greatly  beloved  by  the  stu- 
dents because  of  the  personal  interest 
he  took  in  every  man;  in  fact,  they  re- 
garded him  as  a  comrade. 

Up  to  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
Territorial  geologist,  I  believe  without 
salary,  and  rendered  very  efficient  ser- 
vice. The  geological  collection  brought 
together  almost  entirely  through  his  ef- 
forts is  the  most  important  and  instruc- 
tive in  the  Southwest. 

After  he  became  a  permanent  winter 
resident  of  Tucson,  he  built  a  beautiful 
house  on  the  mesa  near  the  university. 
The  material  was  a  tuff  of  bluish  tint 
from  a  quarry  which  he  had  opened.  The 
thick  walls  and  broad  stone  piazza  made 
it  a  delightful  resort  from  the  torrid  heat. 
His  well  stocked  library  was  a  place  to 
revel  in.  Mrs.  Blake,  a  beautiful  woman, 
also  with  a  crown  of  snow-white  hair, 
made  a  striking  and  lovely  picture.  The 
charming  and  unostentatious  hospitality 
of  my  friends  can  never  be  forgotten  by 
those  who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  ex- 
perience  it. 

For  many  years  I  urged  Professor 
Blake  to  write  for  publication  his  Western 
experiences,  beginning  with  his  first  trip 
to  California.  His  scientific  work  is  well 
known  to  the  geological  and  mining  pro- 
fession and  will  undoubtedly  be  fully  set 
forth  by  Doctor  Raymond,  but  if  he  failed 
to  leave  a  historv  of  his  more  than  half 
a  century  of  active  life,  extending  from 
Europe  to  Japan,  and  Mexico  to  Alaska, 
it    is   to    be   regretted. 

As  to  his  professional  memoranda,  he 
adopted  an  admirable  system.  For  each 
examination  he  used  a  small  thin 
crossed-hatch  note  book,  and  these 
books  were  numbered  and  dated  seria- 
tim, so  it  will  be  relatively  easy  for  his 
literary  executor  to  give  us  an  accurate 
history   of  his  professional   work. 

"Facile  princeps."  "Fama  semper 
vivat." 


56 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


Bureau  of  Mines 


Washington  Correspondence 


President  Taft  has  taken  action  for  the 
temporary  administration  of  the  newly 
created  Bureau  of  Mines  by  designating 
Director  George  O.  Smith,  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey,  to  act  as  head  of  the 
bureau,  pending  the  selection  of  a  perma- 
nent chief.  Director  Smith  states  that 
it  is  his  intention  to  manage  the  bureau 
from  a  purely  temporary  standpoint  and 
to  take  no  step  involving  general  policies. 
The  first  action  has  been  that  of  dividing 
the  personnel  of  the  old  technology 
branch  of  rhe  Geological  Survey  into  two 
parts:  One  including  all  employees  who 
have  heretofore  been  engaged  in  the  test- 
ing of  structural  materials;  the  other 
division  includes  the  remaining  branches 
of  the  service  which  were  originally  trans- 
ferred to  the  Bureau  of  Mines.  The  first  di- 
vision goes  to  the  Bureau  of  Standards 
while  the  Bureau  of  Mines  receives  the  re- 
mainder of  the  force.  Official  action  to 
this  effect  was  taken  on  July  1.  follow- 
ing consultations  between  the  Secretary 
of  Commerce  and  Labor  under  whose  di- 
rection the  Bureau  of  Standards  is  or- 
ganized and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
who  has  jurisdiction  of  the  Bureau  of 
Minei. 

Anothe"-  important  step  has  been  taken 
in  arranging  for  the  continuation  of  the 
structural  materials  work  on  substantially 
its  present  basis,  nominally  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Bureau  of  Standards, 
'"ut  in  prsctice  under  that  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines.  Whether  the  actual  work  of 
testing  materials  will  be  indefinitely  con- 
tinued at  Pittsburg  or  not  is  uncertain, 
but  the  expectation  is  that  it  will  be.  This 
view  is  entertained  by  some  of  the  Pitts- 
burg congressmen.  The  claim  is  made 
that  the  plant  at  Pittsburg  may  not  have 
been  transferred  along  with  the  machin- 
ery, and  there  is  a  belief  among  officials 
that  in  the  absence  of  additional  legisla- 
tion the  work  may  not  be  suffered  to  go 
on  at  Pittsburg  after  all.  The  probability 
that  there  will  be  more  legislation  on 
this  subject  at  the  coming  session  of  Con- 
gress is  decidedly  greater  than  it  has 
been. 

President  Taft's  failure  to  appoint  a 
head  for  the  Bureau  of  Mines  has  been 
variously  interpreted.  Some  regard  it  as 
evidence  that  the  president  has  made  up 
his  mind  to  appoint  someone  entirely  out- 
side the  present  service  and  to  refuse  his 
assent  to  the  partisans  of  either  of  the 
fwo  leading  candidates  who  are  now  in 
the  service,  while  others  consider  the 
'I'^lay  to  mean  merely  that  he  has  not  had 
time  to  satisf-'  himself  between  the  two 
candidates  who  are  in  the  field.  Director 
Smith,  of  the  Geological  Survey,  when 
asked  about  this  phase  of  the  situation 
expressed  the  opinion  that  "the  field  is 


entirely  open  and  nothing  has  as  yet  been 
determined  upon,  probably  owing  to 
pressure  upon  the  President's  time  and 
attention."  There  is  no  positive  knowledge 
regarding  the  disposition  of  the  Execu- 
tive, and  official  information  was  refused 
prior  to  the  departure  of  the  Executive 
for  the  summer.  The  controversy  about 
the  appointment  has,  however,  reached 
an  exceptionally  aggravated  stage. 


The  Porcupine  District. 


Toronto  Correspondence 


The  International  Smeltery  at 
Toole,  Utah 

Salt   Lake   Correspondence 


The  International  Smelting  and  Refin- 
ing Company's  new  plant  at  Tooele,  Utah, 
is  nearly  completed.  By  the  first  week 
in  July,  one  reverberatory  furnace  will 
be  ready  for  firing  ard  another  of  the 
five  is  nearly  completed.  Space  has  been 
reserved  for  a  blast  furnace  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  1500  tons  charge,  but  its  con- 
struction will  not  commence  until  after 
the  reverberatories  have  been  started  and 
its  use  is  required.  When  the  plant 
starts,  three  of  the  reverberatories  will 
be  used.  The  steel  framework  was  prac- 
tically completed  July  1,  though  riveting 
and  corrugated  iron  work  will  not  be  fin- 
ished until  Aug.  1.  Some  difficulty  has 
been  experienced  in  obtaining  all  of  the 
steel  workers  needed,  but  the  force  is 
now  complete.  Good  progress  has  been 
made.  The  ore  bins  are  nearing  comple- 
tion; the  custom  and  storage  bin  near 
the  sampler  is  of  6000  tons  capacity,  and 
ore  will  be  taken  to  and  from  the  sam- 
pling mill  by  belt  conveyers,  which  are 
now  being  installed. 

The  mill  is  fitted  with  two  sets  of 
Brunton  samplers  driven  by  electric  mo- 
tors. Most  of  the  belting  and  machinery 
has  been  installed,  and  the  mill  is  prac- 
tically completed.  The  roaster  storage 
bin  is  of  5000  tons  capacity,  and  from 
here  the  ore  will  be  taken  by  belt  con- 
veyers to  scales  and  to  the  roasters.  The 
roaster  building  will  be  done  by  the  sec- 
ond week  in  July,  and  track  is  being  laid 
underneath  the  plant.  The  McDougal 
roasters  have  been  installed  some  time 
and  are  now  being  lined.  They  will  be 
completed  July  15.  The  local  tramway 
SNStem  for  handling  ores  will  use  electric 
power  and  enough  of  this  has  been  laid 
for  use  in  beginning  operations.  Ore 
will  be  received  from  the  Utah  Consoli- 
dated during  July,  and  15,000  tons  will 
be  accumulated  before  operations  are 
begun. 

Some  ore  has  already  been  sent 
over  the  Utah  Consolidated  tramway  and 
has  been  shipped  to  Garfield  via  the 
Tooele  Valley  railroad  to  complete  the 
old  Utah  Consolidated  smelting  contract. 
Unless  some  unforseen  delay  occurs,  it 
is  expected  that  the  first  furnace  will  be 
blown  in  the  first  week  in  August. 


Dr.  R.  W.  Brock,  director  of  the  Cana- 
dian Geological  Survey,  has  returned 
from  an  inspection  of  the  Porcupine  gold 
district.  He  reports  that  probably  2000 
people  are  in  the  camps  about  Porcupine. 
A  boom  seems  imminent,  prices  of  claims 
are  far  above  any  determined  value 
and  buying  and  selling  is  on  a  speculative 
basis.  Altogether  about  9000  claims  have 
been  staked,  the  great  majority  having 
no  real  present  or  prospective  value. 
Quartz  is  remarkably  widespread  over 
the  district,  and  visible  gold  is  abundant 
in  some  showings  and  has  been  found  at 
numerous  and  widely  separated  points. 
Most  of  the  gold  occurrences  are  in  Tis- 
dale  township  but  some  of  them  are  in 
Whitney,  Shaw  and  the  Forest  Reserve. 
A  new  discovery  has  just  been  an- 
nounced from  Kamiskotia  lake,  west  of 
the  Matagami  river  and  the  older  dis- 
coveries   are    at    Nighthawk    lake. 

KEEWATIN   and  HURONIAN   ROCKS 

Predominate 

The  prevailing  rocks  are  greenstones 
(including  old  diabases)  quartz-porphy- 
ries and  schist,  presumably  of  Keewatin 
age,  with  some  slates,  greywackes  and 
conglomerates,  probably  Huronian.  The 
quartz  seems  to  occur  in  any  of  the  rocks 
and  in  all  manner  of  forms.  There  are 
some  well  defined  veins,  some  large  ap- 
parently isolated  masses,  the  so-called 
"domes,"  and  numerous  irregular  quartz 
stringers,  which  may  swell  out  in  places 
to  large  masses,  that  may  or  may  not 
have  a  vertical  extension.  The  quarts 
holds  many  inclusions  of  more  or  less 
altered  country  rock,  in  and  along  which 
pyrite  is  rather  extensively  developed. 
The  gold,  which  is  often  coarse,  is  dis- 
tributed in  much  the  same  way  as  the 
pyrite,  with  which  it  is  usually  associated, 
but  some  may  be  found  in  the  pure 
quartz.  A  little  galena,  blende  and 
chalcopyrite  may  also  be  present.  A 
ferruginous  carbonate,  probably  ankorite 
or  siderite,  is,  next  to  quartz,  the  most 
abundant  gangue  mineral.  Calcite,  chlorite, 
talc  and   feldspar  were  also  noticed. 

Properties  in  Strong  Hands 

Doctor  Brock  regards  it  as  fortunate 
that  a  number  of  strong  interests  have 
taken  hold  in  the  initial  stages  of  the 
camp,  which  insures  intelligent  develop- 
ment and  a  thorough  test  of  some  of  the 
more  promising  prospects.  The  "show" 
properties  at  present  are  the  Timmins, 
Dome  and  Foster.  At  the  Timmins  about 
7  miles  west  of  Porcupine  lake,  a  clear- 
ing of  40  acres  has  been  made  and 
substantial  mine  buildings  erected.  The 
plant  comprises  two  boilers,  a  compressor, 
hoist  and  dynamo;  i  crusher  and  small 
prospecting  stamp  mill  are  being  erected. 


July  9,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


57 


The  buildings  are  lighted  with  electricity. 
On  the  largest  of  the  veins  exposed,  with 
a  maximum  width  of  about  20  ft.,  three 
shafts  have  been  sunk,  the  distance  be- 
tween the  first  and  last  being  about  800 
ft.  The  deepest  shaft  is  down  about  90 
ft.  and  is  in  a  12-ft.  vein  at  the  bottom, 
where  good  ore  carrying  free  gold  is 
found.  About  300  tons  of  promising  ore 
is  on  the  dump,  several  lots  of  which 
sent  out  for  sampling  are  said  to  have 
yielded  high  results.  The  fresh  ore  seems 
quite  as  good  at  90  ft.  as  that  on  the 
surface.  A  number  of  other  veins  have 
been  stripped,  one  of  which  has  been 
traced  about  300  ft.  and  shows  gold  at 
various  points. 

The  Dome  is  undergoing  active  de- 
velopment. Two  large  masses  of  quartz, 
about  60  ft.  in  width  and  of  considerable 
length,  are  opened  up.  Coarse  gold 
shows  on  the  surface  of  the  quartz  in 
some  places  and  systematic  sampling 
is  said  to  have  yielded  satisfactory  re- 
sults. Several  shafts  have  been  sunk 
and  diamond  drilling  is  to  be  undertaken 
to  determine  conditions  at  depth.  The 
property  is  equipped  with  a  good  plant 
and  buildings  and  a  small  test  mill  is 
being  installed. 

The  Foster  vein  is  a  belt  of  the  iron 
carbonate  filled  with  transverse  masses 
and  veins  of  quartz  containing  many 
inclusions  of  the  carbonate,  in  which  sul- 
phides and  gold  have  been  deposited. 
This  vein  has  been  traced  for  nearly  half 
a  mile,  and  where  exposed  has  a  width 
of  from  6  to  20  ft.  Fine  showings  of 
gold  occur  and  the  clean-cut  character 
and  extensive  horizontal  dimensions  of 
the  lode,  suggest  that  it  may  have  an 
equally  strong  vertical  extension. 

Resume 

Doctor  Brock  concludes  that  although 
Porcupine  is  as  yet  in  the  prospect  stage, 
it  has  some  of  the  essential  qualities  of 
a  gold  camp,  sufficient  to  have  induced 
experienced  mining  men  to  take  up  op- 
tions at  high  figures  and  undertake  large 
expenditures.  Access  to  the  district  is 
now  comparatively  easy,  the  most  popular 
route  being  via  Kelso  at  Mile  Post  222 
on  the  Temiskaming  &  Northern  Ontario 
Railway  by  stage  for  12  miles  to  the  in- 
let of  Frederickhouse  lake,  and  thence  by 
a  gasolene-launch  service. 


Duty  on  Zinc-Lead  Ores 


In  an  appeal  from  a  decision  of  the 
collector  of  customs,  the  Board  of  Gen- 
eral Appraisers  on  June  29  decided  that 
ores  containing  both  lead  and  zinc  are 
dutiable  not  only  on  the  lead  content  as 
provided  for  under  paragraph  181,  Tariff 
Act  of  1909,  but  are  also  liable  to  the 
duties  provided  for  the  zinc  content  un- 
der paragraph  193  of  the  same  act. 

The  collector  of  customs  assessed  duty 


on  both  the  zinc  and  lead  contents  un- 
der the  provisions  of  paragraphs  181  and 
193.  The  importers  claimed  that  para- 
graph 181  applies  and  that  the  shipments 
are  dutiable  on  the  lead  content  and  urge 
that  the  assessment  of  duty  on  the  zinc 
content  as  well  under  paragraph  193  was 
in  error. 

General  Appraiser  Fischer,  who  wrote 
the  decision  overruling  the  importers' 
claim,  stated  "if  it  be  seriously  urged  that 
ores  cannot  be  separated  for  the  purpose 
of  classification  then  it  is  true  that  as 
zinc-bearing  ores  containing  less  than  10 
per  cent,  of  zinc  are  provided  for  free  of 
duty  under  paragraph  193,  the  lead  con- 
tent of  such  ores  would  escape  the  duty 
provided  for  under  paragraph  181.  In 
our  opinion  it  would  be  error  to  hold  to 
this  effect.  The  duty  is  assessable  on 
the  lead  or  the  zinc,  or  both,  as  the  case 
may  be,  irrespecive  of  the  classification 
of  the  remaining  constituents  of  such  ores 
under  other  paragraphs.  As  well  as 
may  it  be  said  that  as  silver  ores  are 
provided  for  free  of  duty  it  is  permis- 
sible to  ignore  the  lead  content  when 
present  in  such  ore.  An  examination  of 
the  amount  of  lead  and  zinc  in  the  re- 
spective shipments  shows  at  a  glance  the 
varying  proportions  and  the  substantial 
amounts  of  both  metals  present  in  the  im- 
portations. We  are  not  persuaded  that 
either  of  such  metals  should  be  ignored 
for  classification  purposes." 


Withdrawals  of  Mineral  Land 


President  Taft  has  signed  orders  with- 
drawing from  public  entry  8,495,731 
acres  of  power  site,  phosphate,  coal  and 
petroleum  lands.  He  has  also  appointed 
a  board  of  five  army  engineers  to  pass 
on  reclamation  projects  to  be  completed 
under  the  recent  appropriation  of  S20,- 
000,000. 

These  withdrawal  orders  are  the  first 
specifically  authorized  by  law.  The  orders 
include  public  land  in  which  workable 
coal  is  known  to  occur,  both  in  the  States 
and  in  Alaska. 

The  water-power  sites  withdrawn  by 
President  Taft  cover  a  total  of  1,454,499 
acres.  The  phosphate  lands  withdrawn 
total  2,594,113  acres,  and  the  petroleum 
land  4,447,119  acres.  The  areas  involved 
in  the  power  site  withdrawal  are  as  fol- 
lows: Arizona,  107,550  acres;  California, 
47,819;  Colorado,  201,549;  Idaho,  230,- 
971;  Montana,  122,315;  Nevada,  14.501; 
New  Mexico,  14,536;  Oregon,  176,721; 
Utah,  379.912;  Washington,  55,439,  and 
Wyoming.  103,396. 

The  phosphate  land  withdrawals  are  di- 
vided as  follows:  Florida,  27,400  acres; 
Idaho,  1,102,317;  Utah,  107,545,  Wy- 
oming, 1,381,851.  Petroleum  lands  with- 
drawn cover  the  following:  Arizona,  2.^0,- 
400  acres;  California,  2,482,750;  Colo- 
rado, 87,474;  Louisiana,  314.720;  New 
Mexico,  419.901;  Oregon,  74.849;  Utah, 
581,564  and  Wyoming,  255,561   acres. 


Important  Mexican  Decision 

A  judicial  decision  involving  511,- 
529,542  has  been  recently  handed  down 
in  the  second  civil  court  of  Mexico,  in 
favor  of  the  Mexican  Mine  Development 
Company.  George  D.  Barron,  its  presi- 
dent, was  ordered  to  pay  within  eight 
days  from  June  29,  38,324,830,  and  in- 
terest on  that  sum  at  6  per  cent,  from 
Dec.  21,  1903,  as  well  as  court  costs. 
The  case  has  been  in  court  since  1900. 
The  Mexican  Mine  Development  Com- 
pany was  organized  previous  to  1900.  The 
company  authorized  the  purchase  of 
mines  at  Teziutlan  and  Barron  is  said 
to  have  secured  titles  in  his  own  name. 
Soon  after  the  properties  were  bought, 
a  meeting  of  the  company  was  called 
by  President  Barron  and  it  was  dis- 
solved, the  titles  remaining  in  the  name 
of  Barron.  Some  time  later  the  stock- 
holders claimed  that  the  dissolution  was 
illegal  and  suit  to  recover  the  property 
was  begun.  Claim  was  made  for  $5,- 
793,920,  as  the  value  of  the  output  of  the 
mines  during  the  time  they  were  worked. 
The  demand  was  also  made  for  85  rer 
cent,  of  S4,000,000,  the  estimated  value 
of  the  plant.  The  fee  granted  the  attor- 
ney for  the  development  company  totals 
$2,305,908. 

Statement  By  Mr.  Towne 

Robert  S.  Towne,  president  of  the  com- 
pany which  acquired  the  Teziutlan 
property,  made  the  following  statement 
from  the  New  York  office:  "The  Teziut- 
lan Copper  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany knows  nothing  of  the  judgment 
against  George  D.  Barron  in  Mexico,  ex- 
cept what  is  published,  and  except  that 
it  is  informed  that  the  judgment  was 
taken  without  service  on  Mr.  Barron  in 
Mexico  and  without  his  appearance  there. 
That  is  to  say,  it  was  a  judgment  by 
default  and  w.,nout  service  against  a 
nonresident,  which  can  have  no  effect  in 
the  United  States.  And  whether  the 
courts  of  so  highly  civilized  a  country 
as  Mexico  would  sustain  a  judgment  for 
23,000,000  pesos,  even  on  the  facts 
claimed  against  Mr.  Barron  or  whether 
the  judgment  would  be  set  aside 
if  Mr.  Barron  applied  to  the  Mexi- 
can court,  are  questions  for  him  and  not 
for  this  company.  The  judgment  has  not 
the  slightest  relation  to  any  interest  or 
property  of  the  company  which  acquired 
its  mines  about  a  dozen  years  ago,  and 
at  least  several  years  before  there  was 
any  judgment  or  suit  against  Mr.  Bar- 
ron, and  holds  its  property  by  perfect  and 
absolutely  unencumbered  titles.  Mr.  Bar- 
ron, a  considerable  time  ago  disposed 
of  all  his  stock  in  the  company  and  re- 
signed as  an  officer  and  director.  As, 
therefore,  this  matter  concerns  him  and 
not  this  company,  we  must  refer  to  him 
for  further  information." 


58 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,   1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


The  Original  Consolidated  Self- 
Dumping  Skip 

A  self-dumping  skip  of  novel  and  satis- 
factory design  has  been  worked  out  and 
used  for  some  time  at  the  Original  Con- 
solidated mine,  Butte,  Mont.  In  fact,  so 
satisfactory  has  the  operation  of  these 
skips  been  at  the  Clark  mines,  that  they 
have  been  copied  by  the  Amalgamated 
company,  and  more  recently  by  the  Miami 
Copper  Company,  at  Globe,  Ariz.  The 
particular  feature  of  the  design  of  the 
skip  is  the  dump  mechanism  which  is 
simple  and  self-contained.  The  skip  is 
durable  and  also  of  convenient  propor- 
tions. 

Long  Guide  Shoes 

The  constructional  details  of  the  Ori- 
ginal skip  are  shown  in  the  accompany- 
ing drawing.  As  will  be  noticed,  the 
guide  shoe  extends  over  the  full  length 
of  the  skip  bail.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  important  features  of  the  design,  for 
the  usefulness  of  any  hoisting  convey- 
ance is  limited  the  life  of  the  shoes.  By 
distributing  the  wear  over  a  large  sur- 
face the  life  of  these  is  prolonged  ma- 
terially. This  is  especially  necessary  with 
the  fast  hoisting  practised  at  Butte. 

The  portion  of  the  shoe  marked  B  is 
not  connected  to  the  bail,  as  will  be  ex- 
plained. The  skip  is  hung  from  the  bail 
on  the  axles  C.  The  portion  of  the 
guide  shoes  B  is  riveted  to  plates  D  on 
the  skip  body,  instead  of  being  fixed  to 
the  bale.  The  support  afforded  by  this 
part  of  the  shoe  serves  to  keep  the  skip 
in  a  vertical  position  in  the  shaft.  Slotted 
steel  bars  F  are  bolted  to  the  skip  body 
and  rotate  about  E  as  pivots.  The 
skip  bail  has  a  projection  which  extends 
over  the  lower  end  of  the  slotted  bars  and 
the  bolts  G  pass  through  the  slots  and  the 
extension  of  the  skip  bail.  In  dumping 
these  bolts  slide  up  and  down  the  slots. 

Dump  Mechanism 

As  usual  with  self-dumping  skips, 
there  is  a  roller  H  fastened  on  either  side 
of  the  skip  at  a  point  near  its  top  and 
close  to  its  front  edge.  These  rollers  en- 
gage, at  the  discharge  point,  in  tracks 
curved  up  and  away  from  the  shaft  so 
that  as  the  skip  is  hoisted  it  is  tilted  for- 
ward about  the  axles  C  and  discharges  its 
contents.  As  the  skip  swings  down,  the 
bolts  G  slide  up  the  slotted  bars  F  which 
swing  between  the  skip  and  its  bail.  The 
guides  in  the  shaft  (or  headframe)  must, 
however,  be  cut  away  at  the  point  of  dis- 


charge so  as  to  allow  the  portion  of  the 
shoe  S,  that  is  fixed  to  the  skip  to  swing 
free.  The  skip  turns  over  until  the  bolts 
reach  the  end  of  the  slotted  bars.     On 


lowering  the  skip,  the  rollers  run  back 
down  the  curved  guide  track  and  the  skip 
body  is  again  swung  into  a  vertical  posi- 
tion.    The  governing  action  of  the  slotted 


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The  /.'i.MH.nri.iy  k  -Viniriff  Ji'liiiKll 

Self-dumping  Skip  Used  at  Original  Mine,  Butte,  Mont. 


July  9,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


59 


bars  is  more  positive  and  quicker  thin 
that  of  the  arrangement  of  projecting 
lugs  to  engage  a  crossbar,  ordinarily  used 
on  self-dumping  skips.  The  top  of  the 
curved  guides  for  the  rollers  is  cut 
away  at  the  point  reached  by  the  rollers 
when  the  skip  is  tilted  as  far  as  the 
slotted  dump  bars  permit.  This  allow'S 
the  dumped  skip  to  be  raised  farther  so 
that  slight  overwinding  does  no  damage. 
The  skips  at  the  Original  mine  are  11 
ft.  4  in.  deep,  3  ft.  5  in.  from  back  to 
front  and  3  ft.  4  in.  wide.  The  total  length 
of  the  guide  shoes  is  14  ft.  2K'  in.,  1  ft. 
2'  in.  being  cut  away  from  the  bail  at 
a  point  5  ft.  below  the  top.  The  diverting 
rollers  are  centered  at  a  point  8  ft.  '  j  in. 
from  the  bottom  of  the  skip  and  the  bail 
hung  2  ft.  I '  J  in.  above  the  bottom.  The 
slotted  bars  are  centered  2  ft.  8  in.  above 
the  skip  bottom.  The  skip  is  constructed 
of  5/16-in.  steel. 


gases  from  exploded  dynamite  is  much 
quicker  and  more  serious  than  was  found 
to  be  the  case  with  air  compressed  by 
machinery. 


Eliminating  Shoveling  in  Square 
Set  Slopes 


It  is  generally  agreed  that  the  shovel  is 
the  most  expensive,  i.e.,  uneconomic,  im- 
plement the  laborer  uses  about  a  mine. 
The  ideal  method  of  mining  any  deposit 
is  that  method  which,  satisfactory  in  other 
respects,  necessitates  the  least  possible 
handling  or  shoveling  of  the  ore.  An  ex- 
cessive amount  of  shoveling,  and  carting 
of  ore  to  chutes  in  small  wheelbarrows,  is 
done  in  most  mines  where  square-set 
stopirg  is  practised. 

At  the  Argonaut  mine,  Jackson,  Ama- 


mm 


13 


iisSisS 


Thf  Enyinrtrinrt  ^  .l/mi>ij;  Juvrn^t 


Section  of  Stope  Showing  Diverting  Wing  Chutes 


Lack  of  Oxygen    in  Hydraulic  Air 
at  Cobalt 


When  the  air  from  the  hydraulic  plant 
at  Ragged  Chutes,  Cobalt  district,  On- 
,  tario,  was  first  turned  on  it  was  found 
that  it  was  practically  impossible  to  burn 
candles  in  the  mines  where  it  was  used. 
It  was  claimed  that  this  was  due  to  the 
absorption  of  oxygen  by  the  asphalt  with 
which  the  inside  of  the  pipes  were  coated, 
and  that  this  effect  would  soon  pass  off. 
It  was  soon  found,  however,  that  hy- 
draulic air  contains  an  appreciably  less 
percentage  of  oxygen  than  ordinary  air, 
and  analysis  demonstrated  that  it  con- 
tained only  17.7  per  cent,  oxygen,  which 
is  3  per  cent,  lower  than  ordinary  air. 
This  is  due  to  the  oxygen  going  into  so- 
lution in  the  water  during  compression, 
when  a  pressure  of  1.30  to  135  lb.  per 
sq.in.  is  maintained.  The  lack  of  oxy- 
gen does  not  apparently  trouble  the 
miners,  but  besides  the  difficulty  experi- 
enced in  keeping  lights,  the  effect  of  the 


dor  county,  Cal.,  this  is  eliminated  in  the 
stopes  to  a  large  extent  by  building  plank 
wings  between  the  timbers,  which  serve 
to  divert  the  ore  to  chutes  as  it  is  broken. 
Every  fifth  set  is  usually  maintained  as 
an  ore  chute  so  that  the  wings  need  not 
span  more  than  two  timber  sets.  This 
makes  it  possible  to  keep  the  waste  filling 
up  to  at  least  the  second  floor  below  that 
on  which  the  men  are  working,  an  im- 
portant consideration  in  the  heavy  ground 
encountered  on  the  Mother  Lode. 

The  wings  are  merely  temporary  slop- 
ing floors  laid  from  one  cap  to  the  next 
above  or  below  on  either  side  along  the 
stope,  and  extending  to  the  ore  chute. 
The  men  work  on  a  few  plank  laid  hori- 
zontally over  the  caps  of  the  topmost 
timber  set  but  instead  of  breaking  ore 
down  on  a  tight  floor  below  and  then 
shoveling  and  wheeling  it  to  chutes  it  is 
broken  on  the  wings  which  divert  it  to 
chutes  without  more  labor.  Varying  and 
unusual  conditions  in  »he  stopes  make  it 
necessary,  of  course,  to  do  some  shovel- 
ing but  the   men  are   required  to  reduce 


this  to  a  minimum.  The  obstinacy  of 
miners,  who  have  been  used  to  working 
in  one  other  method  for  years,  however, 
makes  it  hard  to  introduce  new  methods 
even  with  close  supervision. 

In  easily  mined  ground  where  little 
shooting  is  required  and  sorting  in  the 
stopes  is  not  advantageous  this  system 
works  admirably.  The  saving  effected  by 
eliminating  much  shoveling  and  handling 
of  rock  in  the  stopes  doubtless  makes  it 
possible  to  profitably  mine  ore  which,  un- 
der the  old  system  of  mining,  had  to  be 
left.  This  scheme  was  introduced  at  the 
Argonaut  by  R.  S.  Rainsford,  superin- 
tendent. 


Sand   Filling  on  the  Central  Rand* 

It  has  been  determined  that  current 
tailings,  as  well  as  accumulated  tailings, 
can  be  utilized  in  packing  stopes  and 
drives  without  any  danger  of  cyanide 
poisoning  of  underground  employees. 
Neutralization  can  be  effected  satisfac- 
torily, and  the  filling  in  of  worked-out 
sections  of  the  Central  Rand  is  now  bein;; 
done.  In  addition  to  the  mines  con- 
trolled by  the  Corner  House,  the  Con- 
solidated Goldfields  properties,  the  Sim- 
mer &  Jack,  Robinson  Deep  and  Knights 
Deep  mines  are  to  be  filled  with  tailings. 

Removal  of  Unsightly  Dumps  and 
Greater  Security  in  the  Mines 

The  importance  of  the  new  practice 
and  the  extent  of  the  far-reaching  effect 
which  will  result  therefrom  have  cer- 
tainly not  been  fully  appreciated  by  the 
public  at  large.  In  the  first  place,  the 
removal  of  the  unsightly  dumps  (which 
are  assuming  the  proportion  of  small 
mountains)  means  that  much  valuable 
ground  will  be  reclaimed  and  available 
for  buildings,  equipment,  and  employees' 
quarters. 

Another  important  consideration  is  the 
improved  security  of  underground  work- 
ings, which  will  result  from  supporting 
the  roof  on  closely  packed  sand.  In  many 
of  the  mines  the  condition  of  the  hang- 
ing-wall is  not  altogether  satisfactory, 
and  in  the  interest  of  underground  work- 
ers, a  better  system  of  safeguarding  the 
miners  against  roof  falls  is  demanded. 
The  strongest  timbers  fail  to  resist  the 
pressure  of  hundreds  of  feet  of  strata, 
and  even  some  of  the  piles  of  waste  rock 
which  have  been  built  up  in  the  mine 
show  signs  of  the  enormous  crushing 
strain  to  which  they  are  subjected. 

Life  of  Mine  Lengthened 

Pillars  of  solid  undisturbed  ground 
represent  a  satisfactory  means  of  resist- 
ing pressure,  provided  that  such  pillars 
are  of  sufficient  thickness  and  an  ade- 
quate number  of  them  is  left.  Such  pil- 
lars represent  ore  in  place,  and  while  se- 
curity of  the  workings  is  demanded,  the 


»8oiitli   African  Min.  Joiirn..  Apr.  .10,1910. 


60 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,   1910. 


necessity  for  leaving  a  large  tonnage  of 
ore  in  the  mine  to  support  the  roof  na- 
turally reduces  the  tonnage  of  ore  avail- 
able for  milling. 

In  the  past  it  has  been  common  prac- 
tice to  allow  about  20  per  cent,  of  the 
total  tonnage  as  not  being  recovered.  The 
Witwatersrand  banket  beds  are  not 
greatly  disturbed  through  faults,  intru- 
sions etc..  and  should  not  require  more 
than  about  10  per  cent,  for  pillars  when 
sand  filling  is  employed.  A  10-per  cent, 
allowance  would  be  ample  for  pillars, 
even  in  treacherous  ground.  This  ob- 
viously means  a  large  addition  to  the 
value  and  life  of  the  mines. 


to  overbalance.  By  regulating  the  flow 
of  water  at  D  the  time  interval  between 
samples   may   be   regulated. 


A  Simple  Automatic  Sampler 

By  Algernon  Del  Mar* 


The  automatic  sampler  in  the  accom- 
panying sketch  is  simple  and  easily  made. 
The  triangular  prism  A  is  of  wood  or  tin, 
and  divided  into  the  compartments  B  and 


Skip  Chairs  at  Argonaut  Mine 

Few  mines  hoisting  in  skips  use  chairs 
in  the  shaft,  but  rather  rely  upon  the 
engineer  to  stop  near  enough  to  the  proper 
point  for  loading.  In  hoisting  from  depth 
the  stretch  or  give  of  the  hoisting  cable 
is  enough  to  cause  considerable  motion 
of  the  skip  up  and  down  the  shaft,  after 
stopping  the  hoist.  Loading  while  the 
skip  is  in  motion  is  bound  to  result  in 
the  spilling  of  a  considerable  amount  of 
rock  down  the  shaft.  This  is  always 
dangerous  and  should  be  avoided. 

In  the  Argonaut  mine  at  Jackson, 
Amador  county,  Cal.,  Superintendent 
Ralph  S.  Rainsford  has  devised  a  simple 
type  of  skip  chair  which  is  shown  in  the 
accompanying  illustration.  At  the  load- 
ing station  in  the  shaft  there  is  a  rod  A 
connected  by  a  shorter  lever  to  the  4x6-in 


Electric  Shot  Firing 

In  the  electric  firing  of  high  explosives, 
such  as  dynamite,  the  detonating  agent 
generally  used  is  the  electric  fuse.  This 
consists  of  a  copper  shell  containing  the 
detonating  charge  which  surrounds  a 
bridge  of  fine  platinum  wire.  The  bridge 
joins  the  tips  of  two  insulated  copper 
wires,  the  ends  of  which  are  secured  in 
the  copper  shell  by  a  composition  plug, 
also  serving  to  keep  the  moisture  away 
from  the  charge.  When  current  is  passed 
through  the  fuse  the  platinum  bridge  be- 
comes heated  to  a  temperature  high 
enough  to  ignite  the  surrounding  charge. 

Delay  Fuses 
Delay-action  fuses  especially  adapted 
for  use  in  certain  classes  of  tunnel  or 
shaft  excavation  are  so  constructed  that 
a  short  space  of  time  intervenes  between 
their  ignition  by  the  electric  current  and 
the  detonation.  First-  and  second-period 
delay-action    fuses    are    on    the     market. 


Top  View 
Compartment  of  Shaft 

Xfic  £'ii/tncerinj/  f  .Vimnj;  Journal 


Skip  Chairs  Used  In  Argonaut  Mine,  Jackson,  Cal. 


\7Vic  Jiiiy\nte*ing  ^  Mining  Jovrrtal 

Tailings  Sampler  at  Bunker  Hill  Mill 

C.  It  is  pivoted  above  the  tailings  dis- 
charge E.  The  rod  F  is  rigidly  attached 
to  A  so  it  will  move  the  slotted  tin  con- 
veyer C  back  and  forth  across  the  stream 
of  tailings.  C  is  pivoted  on  the  block 
H  and   discharges  into  the  bucket  /. 

The  operation  of  the  machine  is  as 
follows:  The  jet  of  water  which  regulates 
the  frequency  of  the  samplings  comes 
through  the  pipe  D,  and  when  one  of  the 
compartments  C  or  B  has  filled  suffi- 
ciently, it  overbalances  and  swings  the 
slot  G  across  the  whole  width  of  the 
sluice,  the  sample  running  through  to  the 
bucket.  It  is  now  in  position  to  be  moved 
again  in  the  opposite  direction  when  the 
opposite   compartment   has   filled   enough 

•MlnlnK  on^lnoor.    I.os   An^ples,   fnl. 


post.  This  piece  is  capped  at  its  end 
with  iron  and  acts  as  a  buffer  upon  which 
the  skip  rests  during  loading,  as  is  shown 
by  the  dotted  lines.  There  is  a  counter- 
balance C,  made  of  8x8  material,  con- 
nected to  the  buffer;  this  serves  to  swing 
the  chair  between  the  shaft  timbers  and 
clear  of  the  skip,  when  not  in  use.  As 
shown  in  the  side  view,  a  spring  connect- 
ing the  buffer  and  shaft  wall  plate  is  also 
used  to  assist  in  swinging  the  chair  back. 
Where  it  is  possible  to  use  a  sufficiently 
heavy  counterbalance,  the  spring  is  un- 
necessary. 

Skip  chairs  of  this  design  are  easily 
and  cheaply  constructed  and  placed  in 
the  shaft.  Their  use  is  certainly  made 
worth  while  from  the  time  saved  in  load- 
ing (not  having  to  wait  for  the  skip  to 
come  to  rest)  and  the  added  security 
afforded  men  working  at  lower  stations  in 
the  shaft. 


When  used  in  conjunction  with  regular 
electric  fuses,  the  latter  will  detonate  at 
the  instant  the  current  passes  through 
the  circuit,  the  first-period  fuse  will  fol- 
low and  the  second-period  fuses  will  de- 
tonate a  little  later. 
,  The  maximum  breaking  effect  is  se- 
cured with  these  fuses  as  one  set  of  holes 
can  be  fired  later  than  another.  In- 
sulated copper  wire  is  used  for  connect- 
ing electric  fuses.  Leading  wire,  also  in- 
sulated, but  of  larger  size  and  hence  pre- 
senting less  resistance,  is  used  to  con- 
nect the  first  and  last  bore  hole  with  the 
source  of  current. 

Current   for   Electric   Firing 

A  blasting  machine  is  commonly  used 
to    supply    the    current    for    electric    fir- 
ing,   although    this    is    sometimes    taken 
from   a   power  or  lighting   system.     The  ; 
machines   are    usually    designed    on    the 


July  9,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


61 


same  principle,  although  marketed  in 
several  sizes  and  styles.  It  is  important 
that  the  lead  wires  and  connections  be- 
tween fuses  should  be  properly  in- 
sulated. A  leaky  or  broken  circuit  is 
sure  to  result  in  the  misfire  in  some  one 
or  all  of  the  bore  holes,  and  this  causes 
serious  loss  and  delay.  With  the  battery 
firer  the  fuses  in  the  various  bore  holes 
must  be  connected  in  series. 

A  galvanometer  may  be  used  for  test- 
ing the  blasting  circuit  before  firing.  With 
this  machine  it  is  possible  to  determine 
leaks  of  any  considerable  extent  or  de- 
fects in  the  electric  fuses;  and  to  locate 
the  point  at  which  such  trouble  exists. 
A  rheostat  should  be  used  from  time  to 
time  to  test  the  capacity  of  the  blasting 
machines,  so  that  they  will  not  be  over- 
loaded. It  is  well  to  handle  the  lead 
wires  on  a  reel  so  that  they  will  not  be- 
come twisted  and  tangled,  and  the  in- 
sulation damaged. 

With  blasting  powder  or  other  similar 
low  explosives,  electric  squibs  may  be 
used  In  place  of  the  fuses.  They  are 
made  on  the  same  principle  as  the  fuses 
but  cost  less,  as  a  paper  shell  replaces 
the  copper  capsule  of  the  fuse.  The 
charge  in  the  electric  squib  does  not  de- 
tonate, but  burns  or  flashes,  so  that  it 
can  not  be  used  to  detonate  dynamite,  or 
other  high  explosive. 


Fast  Drifting 

Speeds  as  high  as  60  ft.  per  week  are 
obtained  in  crosscutting  the  slate  forma- 
tion in  the  Kennedy  mine  at  Jackson, 
Cal.  Three  shifts  are  worked  and  two 
machines  run  on  one  bar.  As  soon  as 
a  round  is  fired,  the  bar  is  rigged  hori- 
zontally across  the  face.  Then,  working 
on  the  muck,  the  two  drillers  put  in  the 
back,  breast  and  cut  holes.  By  the  time 
these  are  in,  the  shovelers  have  cleaned 
up  the  muck  pile  enough  to  allow  a 
lower  setting  of  the  bar  from  which  the 
lifters  are  drilled. 

In  this  manner  no  time  is  lost  by  the 
machine  men  in  waiting  for  the  muckers 
to  clear  away  the  rock  from  the  face, 
and  each  man  can  put  in  his  full  shift 
at  the  work  to  which  he  is  assigned.  Such 
small  refinements  of  methods  amount  to 
a  great  deal  in  the  operating  of  a  large 
mine  and  may  represent  the  difference 
between  a  profitable  or  losing  operation. 


Use  for  Worn  Pins  of  Dredge 
Buckets 

The  worn  bucket  pins  from  the  dredges 
of  the  Yuba  Consolidated  Goldfields  Com- 
pany, operating  near  Hammonton.  Cal., 
are  utilized  to  make  cushion  plates  for 
use  on  the  upper  tumblers  over  which  the 
bucket  chains  pass.  The  worn  pins  are 
forged  into  plates,  roughly  8x10  in.  and 


about  1  in.  thick,  through  which  two  \'/i- 
in.  holes  are  punched  for  bolts  to  fasten 
them  to  the  tumblers.  There  is  consider- 
able wear  on  the  upper  tumblers  from  the 
impact  of  the  buckets  as  they  dump.  The 
dirt  and  gravel  caught  between  the  bucket 
chain  and  face  of  the  tumbler  increase 
this  wear.  Placing  the  cushion  plates  on 
the  tumblers  serves  to  take  up  much  of 
the  force  of  the  impact  and  to  restrict 
the  wear  in  a  large  measure  to  the  plates, 
which  can  be  renewed  at  much  less  cost 
of  time  than  is  necessitated  when  the 
tumblers  must  be  replaced.  The  tumblers 
are  heavy  and  hard  to  handle  and  chang- 
ing them  involves  unlinking  the  bucket 
chain,  and  of  course,  tying  up  the  dredge 
for  several  hours. 


Telescopic    Gate    for    Cages* 

In  this  type  of  gate.  Fig.  1,  a  frame- 
work, CD,  attached  to  the  gate  by  ".s-in. 
pins,  A  B,  is  constructed  under  the  cage 
in  such  a  manner  that  when  the  cage  is 
lowered  to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  the 
framework  comes  in  contact  with  the 
chairs   and    lifts    the   gate,    which    gives 


Gate  Closed 

Fig.   1.    Telescope  Gate  for  Single 
Deck   Cage 

access  to  the  inside  of  the  cage.  The 
gate  slides  in  slots  provided  at  each  side 
of  the  cage.  When  the  cage  Is  lifted, 
the  gate  by  its  own  weight  automatically 
closes  itself. 

At  the  station  level  the  opening  and 
closing  of  the  gate  is  also  automatic.  A 
lever  K,  shown  in  Fig.  2,  is  pivoted  at  its 
center  to  the  side  of  the  cage,  the  lower 
end  being  attached  to  the  bottom  of  the 
gate.  When  the  cage  ascends,  the  free 
end  of  the  lever  engages  with  a  fixed 
sheave  L.  which  depresses  one  end  of  the 
lever  and  lifts  the  gate  attached  to  the 
opposite  end.  When  the  cage  is  lowered 
the  gate  automatically  closes  itself.  The 
framework  below  the  cage  is  constructed 


of  flat  iron  bars  C  and  D,  Fig.  2,  Z'/i^yi 
in.,  fixed  rigidly  together  by  bars  E 
and  F  and  by  bars  G,  2x44  in->  which  in- 
sure the  proper  gage  of  the  bars  C  and 
D. 

The    gate    itself    is    made    of    an    ex- 
panded-metal    panel,    in    the    center    of 


rK 


Th€  SngiiitfHfiu  i  Mining  Jaumat 

Fic.  2.     Working  Levers  Which  Close 
Gate  Shown  in  Fig.  1 

which  is  a  door  just  large  enough  for  a 
man  to  pass  through.  This  small  door, 
which  is  constructed  of  flat  iron  bars 
IK'X^  in.,  opens  Inward  on  hinges, 
and  is  so  hung  as  to  close  of  its  own 
accord.  It  is  kept  in  this  position  by  a 
self-closing  latch,  which  locks  into  a  flat 
iron  bar,  Ix''.  in.  The  small  door  may,  if 
preferred,  be  constructed  in  halves,  so  as 
to  take  up  less  room  In  the  cage  when 
opened. 


Gate  for  Ore  Chute 


In  both  the  Angels  Quartz  and  Utica 
mines  at  Angels  Camp,  Cal.,  gates  of  the 
type  shown  in  the  accompanying  sketch 
are  used  on  ore  chutes.  The  gate  itself 
is  a  piece  of  sheet  Iron  or  steel,  usually 
'.i  or  H  in.  thick,  sliding  between  strips 
of  iron  nailed  to  the  sides  of  the  chute. 
A  piece  of  round  drill  steel  is  fixed  to  the 


•r.    A.    Crofton.    Trann.    Norlh    of    EnRlnnd 
iDStltiltc  of  MIninR  and  MpcliBnirnl  Kndnopr.'i. 


77,,/ 

Chute  Gai  l 

gate,  being  riveted  and  countersunk  on 
the  inside  and  having  an  Iron  ring  shrunk 
about  it  on  the  outside  of  the  gate,  thus 
serving  to  hold  it  firmly.  A  long  iron 
bar,  curved  as  shown,  is  pivoted  on  the 
side  of  the  chute.  In  the  Utica  this  is 
also  a  piece  of  drill  steel  and  the  bar  may 
be  slipped  off  at  will. 


62 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


Accuracy  of  Mechanical  and  Riffle  Ore  Samplers 

Requirements    for    Mechanical    Ore    Samplers.       Cause    of    Inaccurate 
Results  with  Riffles.      Wet  Screen  Tests  Preferable  to  Dry  Screen  Tests 

BY       LOUIS       D~.       HUNTOON* 


An  article  by  Thomas  Kiddie  in  tlie 
Journal,  Oct.  23,  1909,  criticizes  the 
Jones  riffle  sampler,  and  expressses  the 
opinion  that  the  accuracy  of  all  sampling 
machines  should  be  determined  by  a 
commission  or  by  the  faculty  of  some 
school  of  mines.  Manufacturers  can  af- 
ford to  have  their  machines  thoroughly 
tested  by  mining  schools  equipped  to  do 
such  work  or  by  sampling  and  ore-testing 
plants.  If  the  machine  answers  all  of  the 
requirements  placed  upon  it.  it  will  then 
have  an  indorsement  which  should  facili- 
tate the  sale  of  that  particular  sampler. 
A  machine  so  indorsed  will  not  of  ne- 
cessity give  an  accurate  sample  unless  it 
is  properly  installed  and  the  relation  of 
the  weight  of  the  sample  to  the  diameter 
of  the  largest  grain  is  considered.  I  have 
seen  a  Vezin  sampler  revolving  against 
the   stream    of   ore    instead    of   revolving 


portion  of  the  stream  all  the  time  are  of 
this  type. 

The  second  method  of  taking  a  portion 
of  the  stream  all  of  the  time  is  to  place 
the  sampler  at  right  angles  to  the  flow  of 
the  stream.  The  sample  from  such  an  ar- 
rangement cannot  be  an  average  of  the 
ore,  as  only  one  size  is  selected;  the 
coarse  material  will  go  beyond  the  samp- 


that  it  can  be  readily  cleaned.  (7)  The 
sample  should  contain  by  screen  test  the 
same  percentage  of  sizes  and  contents  in 
each  size  as  the  original  ore.  A  me- 
chanical sampler  fulfilling  the  first  six 
requirements  should  fulfil  the  seventh. 

Errors  in  Sampling 
Most  of  the  errors  occurring  in  samp- 
ling   are    in    the    final    reduction    of    the 


TABLE 

1.      DRY  SCREEN 

TEST   WITH    12  RIFFLES. 

Num- 
ber. 

Sample  . 

\,  Weight. 

Nnm- 
ber. 

Sample  B.  Weight. 

Total  Weight, 

Size. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent. 

*-i 
i-i 
i-10 
10-40 
40-80 
SO-0 

1 

3 
4 
5 
6 

2,520 

4,290 

735 

3.060 

894 

940 

20  259 

34  489 

5  909 

24  600 

7.187 

7.556 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

2,490 

4,320 

734 

3,080 

890 

953 

19  973 
34.651 

5.888 
24.705 

7.139 
•    7.644 

5,010 
8,610 
1,469 
6,140 
1.784 
1,893 

20.116 

34 . 570 

5.898 

24  653 

7.163 

7.600 

Total. .  . 

12.439 

100.000 

12,467 

100.000 

24,906 

100.000 

TABLE 

2.     DRY  SCREEN 

TEST  WITH  9  RIFFLES. 

Num- 
ber. 

.Sample  C.   Weight. 

Num- 
ber. 

Sample  D.  Weight. 

Total 

Weight. 

Size. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent . 

Grams. 

Per  Cent. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent . 

10-40 
40-80 
80-0 

13 

14 
15 
16 
17 
18 

2,513 

4,036 

490 

3,028 

838 

900 

21.287 

34. 189 

4.151 

25.650 

7.099 

7.624 

19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 

2,972 

4,480 

620 

3,057 

989 

966 

22.715 

34.240 

4,739 

23  364 

7  ,  559 

7,383 

5,485 
8,516 
1,110 
6,085 
1,827 
1,,S66 

22   038 

34.216 

4,459 

24,449 

7,341 

7,497 

Total.  .  . 

11.805 

100.000 

13,084 

100.000 

26,889 

100.000 

sample.  Here  the  personal  element  en- 
ters and  the  resulting  pulp  may  or  may 
not  be  correct.  One  large  mine  which  I 
visited  contained  a  most  complete  me- 
chanical sampling  department.  The  mill 
superintendent  complained  that  the  pub- 
lic chemists  and  assayers  could  not  make 
an  accurate  determination  of  the  ore. 
Original  and  duplicate  samples  of  the 
tailings  would  vary  from  0.1  to  1  per 
cent,  of  base  metal.     It  was  found  upon 


with  it,  with  a  speed  equal  to  the  trajec- 
tory of  the  falling  grains. 

Mechanical  Samplers 
The  type  selected  will  depend  on  the 
cost,  available  floor  space,  head  room  re- 
quired, size  of  ore,  and  the  tonnage  to  be 
sampled.  There  are  mechanical  samplers 
on  the  market  which  will  give  accurate 
results  and  others  which  are  worthless. 
Unless  the  purchaser  is  conversant  with 
the  requirements  of  samplers  he  is  just  as 
liable  to  select  a  poor  one  as  a  good  one. 
Mechanical  samplers  are  of  two  gen- 
eral classes:  The  first  takes  a  portion  of 
the  stream  all  of  the  time  and  the  sec- 
ond takes  all  of  the  stream  a  portion  of 
the  time.  If  one  studies  a  stream  of  ore. 
it  will  be  noticed  that  although  the  ore 
is  thoroughly  mixed  when  entering  the 
chute,  it  soon  separates,  the  coarser  sizes 
finding  their  way  to  the  sides  and  sur- 
face of  the  stream  and  the  fines  going  to 
the  bottom.  It  is  impossible  to  cut  a 
longitudinal  section,  from  the  discharge 
of  such  a  stream,  which  represents  the 
average  content,  as  the  valuable  min- 
erals are  not  evenly  distributed  across 
the  stream.     Most  samplers  which  take  a 


TABLE  3.     DRY  SCREEN   TEST  WITH  8  FULL  AND  2  HALF  RIFFLES. 


Num- 
ber. 

Sample  E,  Weight. 

Num- 
ber. 

Sample   F,  Weight. 

Total 

Weight. 

Size. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent . 

Grams. 

Percent. 

4-1 

10-40 
40-80 
80-0 

25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

2,890 

4,380 

435 

2,880 

905 

920 

23.288 

35 . 294 

3.505 

23 .  207 

7.292 

7.414 

31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 

2,710 

4,300 

563 

3,055 

930 

883 

21,783 
34  563 
4 ,  525 
24 , 556 
7.475 
7.098 

5,600 
8,680 
998 
5,935 
1,835 
1,803 

25 , 534 

34  928 

4  016 

23  882 

7,384 

7.256 

Total..  . 

12,410 

100.000 

12,441 

100  000 

24,851 

100  000 

•Professor  of  mlnlns  nnd  n)elnlUirt;,v.   Slief- 
fiold  Scientific  School,   New   Haven,  Conn. 


ler  and  the  fine  material  will  fall  short 
of  it.  A  mechanical  sampler  taking  part 
of  the  stream  all  of  the  time  must  come 
under  one  of  the  above  heads,  and  the  re- 
sulting sample  cannot  be  accurate. 

Mechanical    Sampler    Requirements 
The  requirements  for  an  accurate  me- 
chanical sampler  are: 

(1)  All  of  the  stream  of  ore  must  be 
taken  a  portion  of  the  time.  (2)  The 
same  percentage  of  ore  must  be  taken 
from  all  sections  of  the  stream.  (3)  The 
stream  of  ore  delivered  to  the  sampler 
must  be  constant.  (4)  The  cut  should  be 
taken  as  frequently  as  possible.  (5)  The 
size  of  the  ore  should  be  reduced  between 
each  sampling.  (6)  The  construction  of 
the  machine  should  be  simple,  and  such 


investigating  that  the  sample  obtained 
from  the  mechanical  sampling  plant  was 
carelessly  rifRed  over  flat-bottomed  riffles. 
The  riffles  were  overloaded,  resulting  in  a 
larger  percentage  of  coarse  material  en- 
tering sample  A  and  an  excess  amount  of 
fines  entering  sample  B.  The  superin- 
tendent was  advised  to  install  Jones  rif- 
fies,  which  cannot  be  overloaded,  and  to 
crush  between  each  riffling. 

Two  other  sources  of  error  are  in  the 
scoop  used.  This  should  be  the  full 
width  of  the  riffles.  The  edge  of  the 
scoop  after  using  for  some  time  will  roll 
back,  retaining  a  small  percentage  of  fine 
ore  which  should  be  discharged  to  the 
riffles.  The  two  common  methods  of  re- 
ducing the  weight  of  the  sample  obtained 


July  9,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


63 


from  the  mechanical  sampler  are  conine 
and  quartering,  and  riffling.  Coning  and 
quartering  is  rarely  used  and  is  to  be 
deprecated.  The  most  accurate  method  is 
by  riffling,  paying  careful  attention  to  the 
proper  size  of  ore  for  the  weight  of  the 
sample. 

Riffle  Sa.mplers 

The  riffle  samplers  are  divided  into  two 
classes:  (1)  Those  having  flat  bottoms  to 
every  alternate  section,  the  balance  of  the 
sections  being  open;  and  (2)  those  of 
the  Jones  type,  having  inclined  bottoms, 
the  alternate  sections  of  which  discharge 
into  pan  A  and  the  balance  into  pan  H. 
The  latter  type,  of  which  there  are  sev- 

Each  lot  sizL-d 


set  of  tests  (Tables  4,  5,  6,  7  and  8)  was 
determined  upon  from  the  results  of  the 
first  set.  Cripple  Creek  ore  was  se- 
lected as  being  a  difficult  ore  from  which 
to  secure    an   average   sample,   the    fines 


The  loss  in  total  weight  in  sampling 
amounted  to  94  grams  or  0.37  per  cent. 
The  two  samples,  A  and  B,  were  sized 
dry.  The  difference  in  weight  of  the  two 
samples  is  28  grams  or  0.11   per  cent,  of 


T.\BI.K. 

4.      DU-i 

•  .-^CREE.V  TKST 

.\Ni)  As.-^.w  or  SIZIC 

~!:    12   lilFl"I.ES. 

Sample  I. 

.Sa.mpi.f.  J. 

No. 

Weight. 

.\.ssay. 

No. 

Weight. 

Assay. 

Size. 

Grams. 

Percent. 

s 

Percent. 

Grams. 

Percent. 

S 

Percent. 

i-10 
1(1   to 
•10   100 
1(10  0 

37 
:is 
39 
40 

936 
909 
34.5 
309 

37  .50 
36   34 
13   SO 
12   36 

16   40 
22 .  00 
37    20 
6.5   60 

22  46 
29   19 
IS   74 
29.61 

41 
42 
43 
44 

936 
909 
341 
309 

37  .51 
36  44 
13  67 
12..3S 

16.40 
22  00 
36  60 
6.5.60 

22.52 
29.34 
18.41 
29.73 

T<)(al 

2,499 

100  00 

27    39 

100  00 

2.49.5 

100,00 

27.32 

100.00 

r 


-  40  nu-ah 


1 

l.ltT   100 


Crushed  to  40  mesh  and  riltiucl 


Crushed  Co  60  mesh  and  riffled 


Crushed  to  80  incsili  aiul  riffloil 


Saniplt-  for  Asaay 


Hfjeci 


The  Eiiffintering  J  ^nirijf  Juiii 

Flow  Sheet  Showing  Screen  Tests  and  Sampling 


the  original  weight.  The  greatest  differ- 
ence between  corresponding  sizes  is  0.286 
per  cent.,  samples  Nos.  1  and  7.  Such 
slight  differences  can  readily  be  ac- 
counted for  by  the  personal  element  en- 
tering into  the  thoroughness  with  which 
the  screening  is  dene. 

Test  No.  2 — The  object  of  test  No.  2 
was  to  determine  how  an  uneven  number 
of  riffles  would  affect  the  weights  and 
sizes.  A  special  scoop  was  made,  nine 
riffles  wide,  and  the  ore  from  the  pre- 
vious test  was  fed  so  that  four  riffles 
discharged  to  C  and  five  riffles  to  D 
(Table  2). 

In  shoveling  ore  the  coarse  material 
tends  to  roll  toward  the  sides,  and  it  was 
expected  that  the  two  outside  riffies,  dis- 
charging to  D,  would  contain  a  larger  per- 
centage of  coarse  ore  than  the  inside 
riffles.  Examining  the  results  in  Table 
No.  2,  sample  No.  19,  '^  to  '4  in.,  con- 
tains 459  grams,  or  1.4  per  cent,  more 
ore  than  the  corresponding  sample  No.  13. 
Comparing    the    total    weights    of    lots   C 


eral  modifications,  is  preferable,  espe- 
cially with  larger  samples.  The  riffle 
samplers  of  both  classes  should  have  an 
even  number  of  divisions  and  the  width 
of  the  sampler  will  depend  upon  the 
weight  of  the  sample.  The  president  of 
a  large  Western  supply  house  told  me 
that  some  manufacturers  are  selling  riffle 
samplers  with  an  uneven  number  of 
riffles.  Such  dividers  cannot  give  an 
average  sample,  as  the  following  tests 
will  show. 

Accuracy  of  Jones  Riffle  Samplers 
To  prove  the  accuracy  of  Jones  riffle 
samplers  a  series  of  tests  have  been  made 
under  different  conditions,  using  even  and 
odd  numbers  of  riffles  and  making  both 
wet  and  dry  screen-tests.  When  the 
sampler  is  properly  used  the  original  and 
duplicate  samples  check  in  every  respect. 
The  first  set  of  three  tests  was  made  on 
ores  containing  about  20  per  cent,  pyrite 
for  the  purpose  of  comparing  the  weights 
of  the  different  sizes  from  screen  tests. 
The  variations  in  the  tests  were  in  the 
use  of  the  riffles.  The  results  from  these 
preliminary  tests  (Tables  1,  2  and  3) 
were  satisfactory  for  dry  screening. 
The  method  of  conducting  the  second 


T.VBI.E  .5. 

WET  .SCREEN 

TEST   AM)   ASSAY   OF 

SIZES; 

12  UIEl 

l.ES. 

.Sample  K. 

Sample  L. 

No. 

Weight. 

.\.<way. 

No. 

Weight. 

Assay. 

Size. 

Grams. 

Percent. 

S 

Percent. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent . 

S 

Per  Cent. 

i-10 
10  4(1 
40-100 
100  0 

4.5 
46 
47 
48 

896 
712 
31S 
572 

35  86 
28  50 
12  70 
22.94 

14.40 
18  80 
29.60 
60 .  00 

18.41 
19   11 
13 .  40 
49  08 

J 
..0 
5! 
52 

896 
712 
318 
.572 

35.86 
28  50 
12.-0 
22.94 

14.40 
18.80 
29.60 
60  00 

18.41 
19.11 
13.40 
49.08 

Total  .  . 

2.498 

100.00 

2S  05 

100.00 

2.4i;s 

100.00 

28 .  05 

100.00 

from  which  would  assay  much  higher  than 
the  original  ore.  If  duplicate  samples 
can  be  obtained  from  this  ore,  checking  in 
every  respect,  there  should  be  no  diffi- 
culty in  sampling  any  other  ore  by  means 
of  riffling  when  crushed  to  the  proper 
size. 

Test  No.  1— The  results  of  test  No.  1, 
made  on  25  kg.  of  pyritic  ore  passing 
'..-in.  round  hole,  are  given  in  table  1. 
The  scoop  used  in  feeding  the  ore  to  the 
Jones  riffles  (exactly  the  same  width  of 
the  riffles)  was  filled  from  the  pile  of  ore 
and  discharged  over  the  entire  width  of 
the  riffles.  When  the  ore  is  fed  under 
this  condition  the  weight  should  be 
equally   divided   between   lots   A    and  B. 


and  D,  lot  D  contains  1279  grams,  or 
about  5  per  cent,  more  ore  than  lot  C. 
The  riffles  were  not  properly  used  and 
the  results  do  not  check. 

Test  No.  3 — A  case  might  arise  where 
the  scoop  to  be  used  is  not  the  full  width 
of  the  riffles,  and  the  third  test  was  to  de- 
termine if  duplicate  samples  could  be 
made  to  check  under  this  condition.  The 
scoop  used  was  the  one  made  for  test 
No.  2.  The  standard  Jones  riffle  contain- 
ing twelve  divisions  was  used.  The  scoop 
was  discharged  over  eight  full  and  two 
half  divisions,  which  should  give  accurate 
results,  as  4'j  sections  are  discharged  re- 
spectively into  S  and  h'  (Table  3).  The 
greater  the  number  of  riffles,  or  sections" 


64 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


of  ore  entering  the  sample,  the  greater 
the  accuracy.  A  12-riffle  sample  should 
give  better  results  than  a  nine-riffle  sam- 
ple. Examining  the  results  of  this  test, 
I  found  a  difference  in  the  total  weights 
of  31  grams,  or  0.124  per  cent.,  which 
practically  checks  the  results  of  test  No.  1. 
After  finding  that  the  total  weights  of 
h  and  F  checked,  the  screen  tests  were 
run  hurriedly  to  determine  the  discrepan- 
cies from  poor  screening.  It  will  be 
noticed  that  the  weights  of  the  different 
sizes  do  not  agree. 


Comparing  the  assays,  we  find  the  total 
assays  of  the  duplicate  samples  /  and  J 
check  within  6.56c.  and  the  assays  of  cor- 
responding sizes  check  with  the  exception 
of  samples  No.  39  and  No.  43,  where 
there  is  a  difference  of  60c.  The  check- 
ing of  duplicate  dry  screen  tests,  such  as 
the  above,  is  due  to  thorough  screening. 

Examining  table  5,  which  is  the  dupli- 
cate of  table  4  with  the  exception  that 
the  screen  tests  were  conducted  wet,  I 
find:  Original  weight,  5000  grams; 
weight  of  samples  K  and  L.  4996  grams; 


T.\BLE  6.     DRY  SCREEN  TEST   AM)  .AS.SAY   OF  SIZES:  y  RIFFLES. 


Sample  0. 

Sample 

P. 

No. 

Weight. 

.\ssay. 

No. 

Weight. 

Assay. 

Size. 

Gram.s. 

Per  Cent . 

s 

Percent. 

Grams. 

Percent. 

S 

PerCnet. 

5-10 
10-40 
40-100 
100-0 

53 
54 
55 
56 

940 
956 
278 
286 

38,2 
38.9 
11.3 
11.6 

19    10 
28 ,  20 
40   00 
66  00 

24  0 
26.0 
14,8 
2,52 

67 
58 
59 
60 

1 ,045 
955 
271 
269 

41,1 
37,6 
10,7 
10.6 

17   60 
24.00 
37.20 
64.00 

26.7 
33.4 
14.7 
25.2 

Total 

2,460 

100.0 

30,44 

100,0 

2,540 

100.0 

27,01 

100.0 

From  the  above  tests  it  will  be  seen 
that  so  far  as  the  total  weights  and  the 
percentages  of  the  different  sizes  are 
concerned  the  Jones  riffle  sampler  will 
give  accurate  results  when  properly  used. 
Chemical  tests  were  not  made,  as  it  was 
considered  advisable  to  take  a  more  dif- 
ficult ore  and  compare  wet  and  dry  screen 
tests. 

Riffle  Tests  on  Cripple  Creek  Ore 

The  second  set  of  tests,  on  two  dif- 
ferent lots  of  Cripple  Creek  ore,  were 
run  in  duplicate  over  12  and  nine 
riffles  and  the  screen  tests  conducted  both 
wet  and  dry.  The  results  of  the  12-riffle 
tests  are  given  in  tables  4  and  5,  and  the 
nine-riffle  tests  in  tables  6  and  7. 

Each  original  lot  of  ore  was  sampled 
into  four  portions  by  riffling.  Screen 
tests  were  made  on  each  lot  and 
the  sized  products  were  crushed 
and  sampled  by  riffling,  as  shown  in  the 
accompanying  flow  sheet.  Before  the  final 
assay  samples  were  obtained,  sizes  l'^ 
in.  to  10  mesh  were  each  riffled  four 
times;  10  to  40  mesh,  three  times;  40  to 
100  mesh  and  below  100  mesh,  each  once, 
making  a  total,  together  with  the  pre- 
liminary sampling,  of  11  rifflings  on 
each  lot.  All  assays  were  made  in  du- 
plicate on  charges  of  !^  a.t.  of  pulp. 

Duplicate  samples  in  tables  4  and  5 
show  the  difference  between  dry  and  wet 
screen  tests  using  12  riffles.  Examin- 
ing table  4,  dry  screen  test,  I  find  the 
following:  Original  weight,  5000  grams; 
weight  of  samples  /  and  /,  4994  grams; 
loss  in  weight  6  grams,  or  0.12  per  cent., 
which  loss  is  probably  due  to  dust  in 
screening.  The  total  weights  of  the  du- 
plicate samples  /  and  /  check  within  4 
grams  or  less  than  0.17  per  cent.  The 
weights  of  the  corresponding  sizes  check 
with  the  exception  of  No.  39  and  No.  43, 
where  there  is  a  difference  of  only  0.13 
per  cent. 


loss  in  weight,  4  grams,  or  0.08  per  cent. 
The  duplicate  assays  of  K  and  L  check 
in  every  respect. 

The  Use  of  Odd  Number  of  Riffles 
The  third  set  of  tests  was  made  to  de- 
termine the  difference  in  weight  and  as- 
say of  the  original  and  duplicate  samples 
when  an  uneven  number  of  riffles  are 
used.  A  second  portion  of  Cripple  Creek 
ore  was  selected  and  riffled  into  lots  No. 
6  and  No.  7.  These  were  again  riffled 
into  two  samples,  using  nine  riffles;  sam- 
ples O  and  Q,  containing  four  riffles  and 
P  and  R  five  riffles  each.  Both  wet  and 
dry  screen  tests  were  made.  The  results 
from  the  dry  screen  test,  using  nine  riffles, 
are  given  in  Table  6.     The  weight  of  the 


Accuracy  of  Flat  Bottom  Riffles 
To  test  the  accuracy  of  flat-bottomed 
riffles.  12  lb.  of  Cripple  Creek  ore  were 
crushed  to  10  mesh  and  riffled  into  ori- 
ginal and  duplicate  samples,  crushing  be- 
tween each  riffling.  The  original  pulp 
sample  contained  the  portions  which  re- 
mained in  the  riffle  after  each  sampling, 
and  the  duplicate  sample  the  portions 
which  went  through  after  each  sampling. 
If  there  had  been  any  difference  between 
the  portion  contained  in  the  riffles  and 
that  which  went  through,  the  error  would 
have  been  multiplied  eight  times,  as  each 
sample  was  riffled  four  times.  Duplicate 
assays  were  run  on  each  pulp. 

Wet  vs.  Dry  Screen  Tests 
Screen  tests  may  be  run  either  wet  or 
dry.  Dry  screen  tests  are  most  unsatis- 
factory, and  one  should  not  expect  the 
different  sizes  from  duplicate  tests  to 
check  exactly.  There  will  always  be  more 
or  less  dust  attached  to  the  larger  grains 
and  the  percentage  will  depend  upon  the 
thoroughness  with  which  the  screening  is 
done.  The  different  sizes  from  wet  screen 
tests  on  the-  same  ore  should  check  both 
in  weight  and  assay. 

A  comparison  of  the  corresponding 
sizes  on  tables  4  and  5,  and  tables  6  and 
7  is  most  interesting  in  showing  the  ef- 
fect of  adhering  dust.  The  per  cent,  of 
weights  and  the  assay  contents  in  the 
coarser  sizes  of  the  dry-screen  tests  are 
all  higher  than  the  corresponding  sizes  of 
the  wet-screen  tests.  The  per  cent,  of 
weights  and  contents  in  the  ore  finer  than 
100  mesh  is  higher  and  the  value  per 
ton  of  ore  is  lower  in  the  wet-screen  tests 
than  in  the  dry-screen  tests. 

Comparing  the  weights  of  samples  No. 
40  and  No.  48  we  find  but  12.36  per  cent. 


TABLE 

7.     WET  SCREEN  TES 

T  AND   . 

VSSAY 

OF  SIZES;  9  RIFFLES. 

Sample  Q. 

Sample  R. 

No. 

Weight. 

-Assay. 

No. 

Weight . 

.\ssay. 

Size. 

Grams. 

Percent. 

$ 

Per  Cent. 

Grams. 

Per  Cent. 

S 

Per  Cent . 

1-10 
10-40 
40-100 
100-0 

61 
62 
63 
64 

900 
776 
239 
525 

36  9 

31.8 

9,8 

21    5 

17,00 
21    13 
35 .  60 
59.40 

21  ,4 
23  0 
11.9 
43.7 

65 
66 

67 
68 

964 
805 
246 
545 

37.7 

31,4 

9  6 

21   3 

12  40 
19  20 
36  SO 
58.40 

17  5 
22  5 
13  3 
46  7 

Total. .  .  . 

2,440 

100   0 

29.25 

100.0 

2, .560 

100.0 

26.66 

100  0 

original  sample,  5000  grams,  is  checked 
by  the  sum  of  the  weights  of  samples  O 
and  P.  Sample  O,  the  discharge  from 
four  riffles,  contains  49.2  per  cent,  of  the 
original  weight  and  52  per  cent.-  of  the 
total  gold  content,  indicating  that  a 
greater  proportion  of  coarse  material  en- 
tered the  five-riffle  sample.  An  examina- 
tion of  the  table  verifies  this. 

The  results  of  the  wet  screen  test,  us- 
ing nine  riffles,  are  given  in  Table  7.  The 
weight  of  the  original  sample  is  checked 
by  the  sum  of  the  weights  of  samples  Q 
and  R.  Sample  Q.  the  discharge  from  the 
four  riffles,  contains  48.8  per  cent,  of  the 
original  weight  and  51  per  cent,  of  the 
total  metal  content. 


of  the  ore  is  finer  than  100  mesh  in  the 
dry-screen  test,  whereas  in  the  wet-screen 
test  22.94  per  cent,  is  finer.  Comparing 
samples  Nos.  56  and  64,  the  dry-screen 
test  contains  11.6  per  cent,  and  the  wet- 
screen  test  contains  21.5  per  cent,  finer 
than  100  mesh.  Sample  No.  60  dry-screen 
test  contains  10.6  per  cent,  and  the  cor- 
responding sample  of  the  wet-screen  test, 
No.  68,  contains  21.3  per  cent,  finer  than 
100  mesh. 

Comparing  the  percentage  of  total 
values,  wf  find  sample  No.  40,  dry-screen 
test,  contains  29.61  per  cent,  and  the  cor- 
responding sample  No.  48,  wet-screen 
test,  contains  49.08  per  cent.;  sample  No. 
56,   dry-screen    test,   25.2   per  cent.,   and 


July  9.   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


65 


the  corresponding  sample  No.  64,  43.7 
per  cent.,  sample  No.  60,  dry-screen  test, 
25.2  per  cent.,  and  the  corresponding 
sample  No.  68,  46.7  per  cent. 

Comparing  the  assays  per  ton  of  the 
ore  finer  than  100  mesh,  we  find  the  wet- 
screen  tests  lower  than  the  dry-screen 
tests  in  every  case.  This  is  readily  ac- 
counted for  by  the  fact  that  the  slimes 
from  Cripple  Creek  ores  are  lower  grade 
than  the  fine  sands  under  100  mesh.  In 
the  dry-screen   tests    the    percentage    of 


Electric  Locomotives  on  Heavy 
Grades 


The  operation  of  electrical  apparatus 
iinder  severe  conditions  is  illustrated  by 
the  installation  at  Holt  &  Gregg's  lime 
quarry  at  Kennett,  Shasta  county,  Cali- 
fornia. This  quarry  is  near  the  copper 
mines  and  smeltery  of  the  Mammoth 
Copper  Mining  Company,  and  supplies 
the   limestone   flux.     The   quarry   is  two 


TABLE  8.     CO.MPUTED  .\SS.\V.S. 


Sample  M. 

S.\mplf:  N. 

No. 

Weight. 

Assay. 

Gram-Assay. 

No. 

Weight. 

Assay. 

Gram-A.ssay. 

O 
P 

2,460 
2.540 

30  44 
27.01 

7,490 

6,8,58 

\i 

2,440 
2,560 

29.25 
26.66 

7,137 
6.825 

.M 

5.000 

28.69 

14,348 

N 

5,000 

27.92 

13,962 

Electric  Locomotive  Operating  on  a   12  Per  Cent.  Grade  in  California 


sands  in   the   ore    under     100    mesh    is 
greater  than  in  the  wet-screen  tests. 

Summation 

From  the  above  we  find  that  errors  in 
sampling  are  either  due  to  mechanical 
samplers  not  taking  an  average  sample 
or  else  to  carelessness  in  the  final  re- 
duction of  the  sample  for  assay.  Riffle 
samplers,  when  containing  an  equal  and 
sufficient  number  of  divisions,  will  give 
average  samples  when  properly  used.  Wet- 
screen  tests  should  be  made  when  one 
desires  to  find  the  percentage  of  weights 
and  the  metal  contents  in  the  different 
sizes  from  a  lot  of  ore. 


The  Paradise  Valley  Railway  has  been 
incorporated  in  Salt  Lake  City.  J.  G. 
Jacobs  is  at  the  head  and  R.  E.  Tilden, 
encinocr.  The  road  is  to  be  standard  gage 
and  will  run  from  Winnemucca,  Ncv.,  to 
ward  the  town  of  Paradise  Valley 
through  a  rich  farming  country,  and  then 
to  National  and  McDermitt. 


miles  from  the  station  where  the  rock  is 
stored  for  the  smelting  company  and 
about  2000  ft.  above  the  ore  bins. 

In  order  to  transport  the  rock  to  this 
point  a  road  was  built  around  two  moun- 
tains, necessitating  many  curves  and 
heavy  grades.  There  are  35  curves  with 
radii  varying  from  35  to  55  ft.  The  en- 
tire road  has  heavy  grades,  varying  from 
4  to  12  per  cent.,  the  average  being  about 
7  per  cent.  This  road  was  originally 
laid  out  as  a  wagon  road,  but  was  after- 
ward changed  into  a  30-in.  gage  mule 
tramway,  equipped  with  30-lb.  rails. 

Equipment 

The  demand  for  limestone  became  so 
gieat  that  it  was  not  possible  to  supply  it 
with  this  equipment.  An  electric  loco- 
motive was  purchased  and  a  new  system 
put  into  operation.  The  locomotive 
handles  three-car  trains,  each  car  weigh- 
ing 4400  lb.,  empty.  The  wooden  body  is 
monntcd  on  substantial  double  trucks, 
having  a  3- ft.  wheelbase.     A    complete 


braking  equipment  was  provided  consist- 
ing of  both  track  and  wheel  brakes.  The 
locomotive  had  a  rating  of  1 1  tons,  and 
was  equipped  with  two  42-h.p.,  550-volt 
motors. 

On  account  of  heavy  grades  and  con- 
sequent wear  of  the  wheels  by  the  brakes, 
the  locomotives  were  equipped  with  track 
brakes  in  addition  to  the  standard  wheel 
brakes.  This  track  brake  consists  of  a 
steel  shoe  or  slipper,  mounted  under  each 
side  frame  at  the  middle  point  of  the 
wheel  base.  This  shoe  can  be  applied 
to  the  rails  with  heavy  presure  by  ineans 
of  a  screw  and  nut  mechanism  at  the 
operating  end  of  the  locomotive.  By  their 
use  the  wear  is  confined  to  a  simple  and 
readily  renewable  casting. 

Three  locomotives  are  in  use  and  a 
switching  system  has  been  installed,  so 
that  two  locomotives  can  travel  back  and 
forth,  each  making  about  10  trips  during 
the  day. 

Po\xer  Station 

Owing  to  the  mountainous  country,  it 
was  necessary  to  install  the  power  sta- 
tion at  the  end  of  the  line.  The  equip- 
ment at  present  consists  of  a  60-kw.  and 
150-kw.  motor  generator  set,  both  com- 
pounded for  550  to  575  volts,  the  two 
being  operated  in  parallel.  Owing  to  the 
long  haul  over  this  road,  the  motor  gen- 
erator sets  are  operating  under  continu- 
ous overload  of  about  25  per  cent.  Up 
to  the  present  time  they  have  apparently 
suffered  no  injury  from  this  severe  ser- 
vice. The  complete  equipment  was  fur- 
nished by  the  General  Electric  Company. 


Natural    Gas   and    Petroleum  near 
Fayette,  Ala. 

The  existence  of  natural  gas  has  been 
known  for  more  than  a  year,  in  a  small 
area  three  miles  east  of  Fayette,  Ala. 
This  region  was  recently  visited  by  David 
T.  Day,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
who  reports  that  Tour  wells  have  been 
drilled,  showing  gas  with  a  pressure  es- 
timated at  600  lb.  per  sq.in.  Nine  addi- 
tional wells  are  in  process  of  drilling. 

The  gas  is  found  at  a  depth  of  1400 
ft.  in  a  close-grained  sandstone,  esti- 
mated by  the  Providence  Oil  and  Gas 
Company  to  be  50  ft.  thick.  Small  quan- 
tities of  crude  petroleum  similar  to  that 
usually  found  in  the  Appalachian  region 
were  encountered  at  various  depths  above 
the  gas.  The  strata  pierced  in  the  drill- 
ing consist  of  alternating  layers  of  shale, 
sandstone,  and  tight,  sticky  clay.  It  is 
estimated  that  5,000,000  cu.ft.  of  gas  per 
day  can  be  furnished  from  the  four  wells 
now  completed.  The  gas  is  pure  and 
free   from  sulphur. 

Development  Work  Being  Done 

The  conditions  for  successful  gas  wells 
are  ideal,  but  it  is  impossible  to  deter- 
mine how  far  these  conditions  may  ex- 


66 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


tend  without  interruption  by  faults  or 
other  disturbance  of  the  impervious 
cover.  The  thickness  of  the  gas-bearing 
stratum  and  the  pressure  developed  in- 
dicate a  satisfactory  yield  of  gas  as  com- 
pared with  other  known  gasfields.  The 
amount  of  development  work  thus  far 
done  is  not  sufficient  to  show  whether  a 
supply  adequate  to  the  needs  of  Birming- 
ham for  domestic  and  manufacturing 
purposes  can  be  obtained.  This  will  be 
determined  by  the  completion  of  the 
wells   now  drilling. 


Notes  from  the  Moctezuma  District 
of  Sonora 


Special  Correspondence 


Preparations  are  being  made  at  the 
2000-ton  concentrating  plant  of  the  Moc- 
tezuma Copper  Company,  at  Nacozari,  to 
install  an  aerial  tram  to  carry  the  tail- 
ing to  a  storage  pond  above  the  river 
flood  level  where  they  will  be  impounded 
for  future  treatment.  This  will  also  re- 
sult in  less  contamination  of  the  water 
flowing  to  the  ranches  at  Cumpas  and 
lower  points.  The  Traylor  Engineering 
Company  is  reported  to  have  obtained  a 
contract  for  a  dewatering  device  to  be 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  tramway.  One 
unit  of  a  filter  press  is  being  installed  to 
save  floating  sulphides  which  have  been 
the  cause  of  considerable  loss.  The  plant 
has  suffered  from  lack  of  water  and  but 
one  of  the  two  units  is  now  in  operation. 

The  Churunibabi  mine  of  the  Mocte- 
zuma Copper  Company,  which  has  been 
productive  of  several  thousand,  tons  of 
converter  lining  under  the  management 
of  F.  Field  during  the  last  year,  has  been 
closed    for   the   present. 

William  Kirk  is  now  shipping  copper 
ore  from  the  Bella  Union  mine  of  the 
Moctezuma  Copper  Company.  This  ore 
consists  of  oxides  and  native  copper  and 
the  last  shipment  is  reported  to  have 
carried  39  per  cent,  copper,  with  a  little 
gold  and   silver. 

The  San  Pedro  mine  of  the  Moctezuma 
Copper  Company  is  being  worked  on 
company  account.  This  has  been  under 
lease  to  J.  G.  Alexander  and  associates 
for  two  years. 

The  Tharsis-York  company,  operating 
near  the  Pilares  mine,  has  closed  down 
awaiting  the  installation  of  machinery  to 
handle  the  flow  of  water  recently  struck. 
C.  F.  Nourse,  of  Nacozari,  is  superin- 
tendent. 

J.  G.  Alexander  reports  the  tunnel  on 
the  Nacozari  Consolidated  Copper  Com- 
pany as  nearing  the  vein  below  the  old 
workings  on  La  Galera  claim.  This  tun- 
nel is  now  in  about  600  ft.  and  is  pro- 
jected for  about  3000  ft.,  which  will  bring 
it  under  the  copper  showings  on  the  Cop- 
per King  as  well  as  opening  up  the  Bea- 
triz  claim  of  the  Tharsis-York  company. 


The  Los  Angeles  mine  of  the  Arizona 
Mining  and  Trading  Company,  which  has 
been  in  litigation  for  some  time,  is  again 
working  and  has  shipped  one  car  of  ore 
to  Douglas  smelters.  E.  O.  Wolf,  of 
Douglas,   is  manager. 

At  the  Mexicana  mine,  lately  acquired 
by  Amarillo  San  A.  Terrazas,  of  Chi- 
huahua from  David  Rosas  and  associ- 
ates, a  strike  of  5  ft.  of  high-grade  gold- 
silver  ore  is  reported.  A  mill  to  equip 
this  property  is  in  view.  The  ore  is 
amenable  to  amalgamation  and  cyanida- 
tion. 

R.  Vion,  of  the  San  Jose  company,  is 
in  Paris  arranging  the  company's  affairs 
in  view  of  a  transfer  of  the  mines  and 
mill  at  Nacozari.  The  properties  em- 
brace about  175  acres  and  include  a 
pumping  plant,  lO-stamp  mill  and  cyan- 
ide tanks.  Several  thousand  tons  of  mill- 
ing ore  are  now  blocked  out  and  some 
high-grade  is  being  shipped  from  time 
to  time  by  Macario  Alatorre  under  lease 
in  the  old  workings. 

At  El  Globo  mine,  the  1600-ft.  cross- 
cut tunnel  is  reported  to  be  in  ore  show- 
ing free  gold  in  considerable  quantity. 
This  tunnel  taps  the  ledge  at  about  1000 
ft.  from  the  surface  and  700  ft.  below 
the  deepest  old  workings  which  were  re- 
ported exhausted.  The  property  Is 
equipped  with  a  15-stamp  mill,  2  Wil- 
fley  tables,  vanner,  plates  and  cyanide 
tanks.  C.  A.  Romadka,  of  Douglas, 
Ariz.,    is   mine   manager. 

The  Dawson  Mining  Company  has 
been  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  re- 
ceiver by  the  courts  at  Moctezuma. 
This  property  has  been  in  litigation  for 
about  a  year,  and  while  it  showed  suf- 
ficient merit  to  attract  the  attention  of 
Eastern  capital,  the  unsettled  condition 
of  the  company  affairs  has  resulted  in 
stopping  any  decisive  action.  Dr.  O.  B. 
Dawson,  of  El  Paso,  Tex.,  was  president 
of  the  old  company. 

At  the  La  Caridad  mine  of  the  Minaret 
Mines  Company,  of  Los  Angeles,  opera- 
tions have  been  suspended  and  a  watch- 
man placed  in  charge  of  the  property. 
At  El  Aguaje  mine  of  the  Silver  Seal 
Company,  of  Los  Angeles,  the  workings 
are  being  dewatered  pending  the  arrival 
of  engineers  expected  to  make  an  exam- 
ination for  a  sale.  F.  O.  Colson,  of  Na- 
cozari, is  in  charge. 

On  the  Don  Carlos  mine,  near  Naco- 
zari, Harry  Duey,  of  Douglas,  Ariz.,  is 
installing  a  headframe  and  gasolene  hoist 
to  work  at  greater  depth.  In  the  shaft 
at  about  70  ft.  depth,  a  small  vein  of 
ore  has  been  broken  into,  running  high 
in  silver  and  about  33  per  cent,  copper. 
This  mine  has  been  productive  of  con- 
siderable high-grade  ore  below  the  old 
stopes,  but  no  systematic  development 
work  had  been  attempted  until  the  mine 
was  recently  acquired  by  Mr.  Duey  and 
associates. 

The  Silver  King  mine,  of  the  Day  and 
Night  Company,  is  reported  to  be  under 


option  to  Kansas  City  men  for  $50,000. 
This  property  has  been  idle  for  some 
time. 

W.  J.  Martell  has  been  appointed  mine 
manager  at  the  Esperanza  mine  of  the 
Montenegro  company,  i>ice  Hunter  Le- 
paige,  resigned.  Operations  at  the  prop- 
erty are  confined  to  development  work 
on  the  Esperanza  and  Constancia  claims. 
The  latter  was  recently  taken  over  on 
option  from  A.  Llewels,  and  the  new 
owners  report  a  strike  of  4  ft.  of  gold- 
silver-lead-copper  ore  in  the  shaft.  The 
property  is  in  the  Barrigon  district,  about 
7   miles  west   of   Nacozari. 

In   the   Tabotacachi   Section 

The  Silver  Tiger  Mining  Company,  of 
Kansas  City,  represented  by  E.  J.  White, 
is  continuing  development  work  on  the 
Crede  Liberal  mine,  in  the  Tabotacachi 
district.  Some  ore  has  been  struck,  but 
the  vein  is  as  yet  too  broken  to  permit 
any  definite  conclusions.  Nicolas  Bar- 
tolini  is  shipping  regularly  from  the  San 
Ignacio  and  El  Olvido  mines.  These  prop- 
erties have  been  productive  of  ore  for 
the  last  three  years  under  this  manage- 
ment. 

George  J.  Cole,  of  El  Paso,  re- 
ports encouraging  developments  on  his 
Armagosa  claim,  and  it  is  thought  that  a 
small  concentrator  will  be  installed  in  the 
near   future. 

The  Antiguo  and  Texas  mines  in  the 
Tabotacachi  district,  25  miles  east  of  Na- 
cozari, in  charge  of  H.  C.  Carr,  have  in- 
stalled a  new  pipe  line  to  replace  the  one 
first  put  in,  which  proved  to  be  in- 
efficient. The  properties  are  equipped 
with  machinery  and  headframes,  and 
houses  have  been  built  to  accommodate 
a  considerable  force  of  men.  About  2C 
men  are  reported  to  be  at  work  in  the 
Antiguo,  and  some  ore  is  being  taken  out 
in  development  work.  Mr.  Carr  is  also 
pushing  development  at  the  El  Temblor 
mine  in  the  El  Tigre  district,  for  which 
the  balance  of  the  S50,000  price  was  paid 
a  few  days  ago,  in  Cananea.  In  the 
Temblor  rich  ore  is  reported  to  have  been 
struck  and  shipments  are  expected  to 
start  soon. 


Crown  Reserve  to  Ship  Silver 
Ore  to  Germany 

The  Crown  Reserve  company,  of  Cobalt, 
Ont.,  has  completed  arrangements  with 
the  German  government  to  ship  to  Ger- 
many a  consignment  of  the  high-grade  ore 
containing  approximately  1,000,000  oz. 
of  silver. 

This  will  be  used  in  combination 
with  some  of  the  low-grade  ores 
from  Saxony,  and  will  be  treated  in  the 
Government  smeltery.  The  shipments  will 
assay  about  4000  oz.  per  ton  and  the 
contract  calls  for  delivery  within  a  year. 
It  is  estimated  that  eight  carloads  of 
ore  will  be  required. 


I 


July  9.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


67 


Silver  Cyaniding  at  the  San  Rafael  Mill,  Pachuca 

Exti action  92.1  1  Per  Cent,   of  the  Silver  and  97.09  Per  Cent,  of  the 
Gold    at    a     Milling    Cost     of     3.847     Pesos.       Distribution    of    Costs 


B     Y 


E. 


G      I      R      A      U      L     T  =^ 


The  San  Rafael  cyanide  mill,  built  in 
1908,  belongs  to  the  type  introduced  the 
year  before  in  the  San  Francisco  hacienda 
by  A.  Crothe.  The  ores  from  the  San 
Rafael  mines,  derived  from  the  Vizcaina 
vein  (the  mother  lode  of  the  district), 
contain  from  70  to  75  p  .•  cent,  silica,  and 
from  10  to  20  per  cent,  of  calcite.  The 
silver  is  found  mostly  as  Ag.S,  mixed  with 
a  small  amount  of  base  sulphides.  The 
gold  occurs  in  a  nearly  constant  propor- 
tion of  4  to  5  grams  per  kilogram  of 
silver  in  the  low-grade  ore,  and  3  to  4 
grams  per  kilogram  of  silver  in  the  high- 
grade  ores.  All  ores  above  300  grams  of 
silver  per  ton  are  cyanided. 

Treatment 
The    ore    is    hand    picked,   crushed    in 


(j;4  in.,  104  times  per  minute.  The  shoes 
and  dies  of  forged  steel  last  from  90  to 
100  days.  On  the  mortars  are  Tyler's 
screens,  Nos.  58  and  365,  equivalent  to 
10-mesh,  18-wire,  1.32-mm.  opening  and 
to  12-mesh,  20-wire,  1.067-mm.  respec- 
tively. The  850-lb.  stamps  crush  from 
3  to  3' J  tons  per  day  through  10  mesh. 
The  1250-lb.  stamps  from  6  to  6'_.  tons 
through  10-mesh;  and  from  5'..  to  6 
tons  through  12-mesh.  From  seven  to 
eight  tons  of  solution  to  one  of  ore  is 
used  in  the  batteries. 

With  10-mesh  screens,  the  capacity  of 
the  batteries  is  400  tons  per  day;  but  at 
present,  crushing  is  limited  to  350  tons 
to  avoid  overloading  of  the  tube  mills. 
One  pair  of  spring  rolls,  36x16  in.,  and 
two  more  tube  mills  have  been  ordered; 


The  extraction  in  the  grinding  process 
is  high,  averaging  during  October,  1909, 
38.3  per  cent,  of  the  silver  and  70  per 
cent,   of  the   gold   contained   in   the   ore. 

Sixteen  Wilfley  tables,  one  for  each  five 
stamp  battery,  are  used.  From  17  to  30 
tons  of  ore  per  day  are  fed  to  each  Wil- 
fley without  overloading  them.  The  Wil- 
fley tables  are  also  used  for  unwatering 
the  pulp  and  as  auxiliary  classifiers,  the 
slime  overflow  being  sent  to  pulp-thick- 
eners. 

Classification 

Five  Dorr  classifiers,  one  for  each  tube 
mill,  are  used.  From  50  to  70  tons  of 
pulp,  and  all  the  return  from  the  tube 
mill,  are  fed  to  each  classifier;  the  pulp 
being  in  the  proportion  of  1  :2.38  of  solu- 


PerfiUe  la  Hacienda  de  Cianuracio'n  de  San  Rafael 
en  Pachuca. 

1309. 


Explauatiou 
Bint 
Stsinpa 

Wilfley  Tnl.les 
UoBr  Clniiailicrs 
ITllipp  Tube  Mill! 
I>orr  ThU-kciiera 
Fachuca  Tanks 
Tank  foi  Water  from 
Ok  Moore  Filters 
Mo(n-«  Filters 
Compressor  aui]  Punipt 
TaDk.<(or  Storlug  SuIucIud 


Tilt  Englnttring  i  ^fining  J 


Profile  of  San   Rafael   Cyanide   Mill 


Blake  crushers,  and  sampled  in  the  mine 
yard.  It  is  further  crushed  in  cyanide 
solution  in  stamp  batteries  and  concen- 
trated on  Wilfley  tables,  then  classified 
in  Dorr  classifiers  and  the  oversize  re- 
ground  in  Krupp  tube  mills,  the  products 
settled  in  Dorr  pulp  thickeners  and  agi- 
tated in  Pachuca  pneumatic  tanks.  The 
solutions  are  filtered  in  Moore  vacuum  fil- 
ters   and    precipitated    on    zinc    shavings. 

The  mill  is  driven  by  electric  power, 
with  motors  of  the  Westinghouse,  C.  C.  L. 
I  type.  Each  battery  of  20  stamps  has  a 
75-h.p.  motor:  each  Krupp  tube  mill,  one 
of  100  h.p.  The  total  power  consump- 
tion per  ton  of  ore  is  1.68  h.p.  per  day. 
The  water  supply  is  drawn  from  the  mine 
and  is  slightly  alkaline. 

There  are  80  stamps  in  use;  40  Krupp. 
weighing  850  lb.  set  on  timber  founda- 
tion, and  40  Allis-Chalmers  of  1250  lb., 
bolted  to  concrete  foundations.  The  light 
stamps  drop  7V)   in.  and  the  heavy  ones 


KoTr — .Abstrnrt  nf  nn  nrtlrlo  In  InfonnrA 
y  yfrmnrliiK  dol  Instltiiln  Mnxlcnno  (]'■  Minns 
y    Mrtnlnr'nhi. 

•Oonoinl  m.TnncPr.  rnnipKriln  Snn  linfncl  y 
Anoxns,   rnchucji.   MpxIco. 


when  installed,  8-mesh  screens  w-ill  be 
used  with  the  expectation  of  raising  the 
crushing  to  about  500  tons  per  day. 

The  following  is  a  sizing  test  of  the 
battery  pulp.  No.  58  (10-mesh)  screens 
being  used:  Over  40  mesh,  37  per  cent.; 
over  60  mesh,  9  per  cent.;  over  100  mesh, 
7  per  cent.;  over  150  mesh,  13  per  cent.; 
over  200  mesh,  4  per  cent.;  under  200 
mesh,  30  per  cent. 

AliLL  Solution  and  Cyanide 
Consumption 

The  mill  solution  is  stored  in  two  tanks 
of  200  cu.m.  each;  these  tanks  are  used 
alternately  to  supply  the  mill,  and  to  re- 
ceive the  barren  solution,  being  worked  in 
cycles  in  order  to  avoid  the  enrichment 
of  the  solution.  According  to  the  class 
of  ore  treated,  from  six  to  12  kg.  of  lime 
are  added  in  the  bins  per  ton  of  ore.  The 
alkalinitv  of  the  solutions  is  kept  at  one 
kilogram  of  CaO  to  the  ton.  The  mill 
solution  averages  0.25  per  cent,  of  KCN; 
the  cyanide  consumption  in  crushing  is 
about  600  grams  to  the  metric  ton  of 
ore.- .. 


tion;  the  discharge  contains  one  of  so- 
lution to  two  of  dry  sand.  The  Dorr 
classifiers  have  been  working  continuous- 
ly for  one  year  without  giving  any 
trouble.  The  slime  discharge  classified 
averaged  for  one  month  as  follows:  Over 
100  mesh,  2.5  per  cent.;  over  150  mesh, 
15.5  per  cent.;  over  200  mesh,  7.5  per 
cent.;  under  200  mesh,  74.5  per  cent. 

Tube  Mills 

Five  Krupp  No.  5  tube  mills,  4x20  ft., 
with  Neal's  baffle  at  both  ends  and  EI 
Oro  lining,  are  in  use.  Their  capacity 
is  rated  at  50  tons  of  sand  per  day;  the 
heads  averaging:  Over  100  mesh,  48.0 
per  cent.;  over  150  mesh.  39.6  per  cent.; 
over  200  mesh,  4.2  per  cent.;  under  200 
mesh,  8.2  per  cent.  The  discharged  pro- 
duet  averaged  74.5  per  cent,  under  200 
mesh,  as  already  noted. 

Five  Dorr  pulp  thickeners  are  em- 
ployed to  unwater  the  pulp  previous  to 
agitation,  receiving  slime  diluted  1:10 
and  discharging  one  of  dry  slime  to  1.2 
of  solution.  Three  of  the  thickeners, 
20x10  ft.,  are  supplied  with   70  dry  tons 


08 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9.  1910. 


of  pulp   each;   the  other  two,   24x10   ft., 
take  100  tons  and  all  clear  overflow. 

Pachuca   Tanks 

Ten  Pachuca  tanks,  15x45  ft.,  are  used 
for  the  agitation  of  the  pulp  at  present; 
two  more  are  being  installed.  The  aver- 
age charge  is  100  tons  of  dry  slime,  and 
120  tons  of  solution.  One  to  one  of  so- 
lution (120  tons  of  slime  to  120  of  solu- 
tion) has  been  tried,  as  well  as  1:2  and 
1 :3,  but  the  best  proportion  was  found 
to  be  one  of  ore  to   1.2  of  solution. 

CO.MPRESSOR 

One  Rand-Ingersoll  air  compressor, 
18>4  in-  in  diameter  and  16  in.  stroke,  de- 
livering  at    100   r.p.m.,   700  cu.ft.    of   air 


leaves  are  10x6  ft.  and  their  capacity  is 
2.5  tons  of  dry  slimes  per  day;  160  leaves 
are  used  in  four  baskets  of  40  each;  and 
80  more  are  kept  in  reserve  for  repairs. 
Two  traveling  cranes,  worm  geared,  with 
30-h.p.,  variable-speed  G.  E.  electric  mo- 
tors for  lifting,  and  5-h.p.  motors  for  trav- 
eling, are  used  for  transferring  the  bas- 
kets. According  to  the  condition  of  the 
leaves,  a  one-inch  cake  is  formed  in  from 
20  to  30  min.  One-hour  barren  solution 
wash,  and  a  15-min.  water  wash  are  given 
to  the  cakes.  On  each  basket,  one  16- 
in.  spiral  pipe,  20  ft.  long,  serves  as  a 
vacuum  chamber  and  holds  the  cake  dur- 
ing the  five  minutes  of  the  transfer.  In 
order  to  classify  the  solutions,  sand  filters 
are  used  before  the  zinc  boxes.     During 


to  the  bo.xes;  the  short  on  40-mesh  is 
melted.  The  precipitates  are  pressed  and 
dried  to  20  per  cent,  moisture  on  a  24x24- 
in.  Shriver  press. 

Melting 
Coke  furnaces  and  Dixon's  No.  300 
graphite  crucibles  are  employed  for  melt- 
ing. The  bars,  without  remelting,  assay 
from  920  to  950  grams  of  silver  and  5 
grams  of  gold  to  the  kilogram  of  silver. 
The  slags  are  crushed  quarterly  in  a  bat- 
tery and  concentrated  on  a  Wilfley  table. 
The  concentrates  are  melted  and  the  tails 
are  sold. 

A   Monthly    Resume 

A  resume  of  the  November  results  on 
8393  tons  crushed  shows  as  follows: 


I 


ijAiN  Kafael  Cva.mde  Mill,  Pachuca,  Mexico 


at  9000  ft.  elevation,  is  employed  for 
supplying  air  to  the  Pachuca  tanks,  to  the 
Moore  filter  tanks,  etc.  The  amount  of 
air  required  for  an  energetic  agitation 
is  estimated  at  100  cu.ft.  per  min.  at 
25-lb.  pressure.  The  pulp  is  agitated 
during  36  hours,  with  a  0.3  per  cent.  KCN 
solution;  left  to  rest  from  12  to  24  hours, 
as  it  has  been  found  that  during  this 
period  the  silver  extraction  increased 
about  20  grams. 

Filtration 

Three  units  of  the  "A"  No.  3  type  of 
the     Moore     filter     are     employed.       The 


October,  the  water  discharge  assayed  4.5 
grams  of  silver  to  the  ton;  the  cake,  55 
grams  unwashed,  and  50  grams  washed. 
During  November,  treating  higher  grade 
ores  and  employing  three  baskets  only, 
one  of  them  in  bad  state,  the  cake  dis- 
charged assayed  71  grams  of  silver  un- 
washed and  63  grams  washed. 

Zinc  shavings,  0.006  in.  thick,  are  used 
in  precipitation.  Two  tons  of  solution  to 
the  ton  of  ore  are  precipitated.  The  heads 
in  the  boxes  assay  from  200  to  300  grams 
of  silver;  the  tails,  2  grams.  The  clean- 
up is  made  weekly.  The  short  zinc  which 
remains  on  a  20-mesh  screen  is  returned 


-Silver,  0.901  kg.;  gold, 
-Silver,  25,348  kg.;  gold, 


Ore  Confcnts- 
4.430   grams. 

Concentrates- 
141,600  grams. 

Pachuca-Tank  Heads— Silver,  0.397  kg. 

Filter  Discharge — Unw^ashed,  silver, 
0.071  kg.;  washed,  silver,  0.063  kg. 

Extraction — In  concentration,  silver, 
24.19  per  cent.;  cyaniding  in  crushing, 
silver,  31.74  per  cent.;  by  agitation,  sil- 
ver, 36.18  per  cent. 

Total  Extraction  (by  assays) — Silver, 
92.11  per  cent.;  gold,  97.08  per  cent.; 
total  extraction  (as  bullion)  silver,  91.43 
per  cent.;   gold,  97.08  per  cent. 


I 


July  9,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


69 


The  report  of  the  company  for  1909 
shows  that  the  total  milling  cost  for  the 
first  quarter  was  4.87  pesos  and  for  the 
last  quarter  4.04  pesos,  with  a  progres- 
sive decrease  during  the  year  as  the  mill 
operations  were  perfected. 

The  chief  materials  used  per  ton  of 
ore  milled  were:  Flints.  1.639  kg.; 
cyanide  of  sodium  (128  per  cent.)  1.067 
kg.;  acetate  of  lead,  0.283  kg.;  lime, 
8.261  kg.;  zinc,  0.700  kilogram. 

The  cost  per  metric  ton  in  December, 
1909,  was  distributed   as   follows: 

General — Management,  etc.,  0.375 
peso;  repairs  and  general  service,  0.307; 
ta.ves,  0.031;  sundry  expenses,  0.032;  to- 
tal. 0.745  peso. 

Milling  and  Concentration— "if/ages. 
0.233  peso;  power,  0.350;  flints,  0.089; 
stamps,  0.050;  tube  lining,  0.222;  sun- 
dry materials,  0.056;  total,  1  peso. 

Cyanidation — Wages,  0.074  peso ; 
power,  0.014;  cyanide,  0.904;  acetate  of 
lead,  0.152;  lime,  0.123;  sundry  materials. 
0.053:  total.   1.30  pesos. 

Pumps  and  Compressors — Wages. 
0.018  peso;  power,  0.104;  sundry  items. 
0.003;  total.  0.125  peso. 

Filtration — Wages,  0.096  peso;  power, 
0.015;  patent  royalty,  0.150;  sundry 
items,  0.002;  total,  0.263  peso. 

Repairs  and  Costs  of  Filter  Leaves — 
Wages,  0.031  peso;  materials.  0.018;  to- 
tal, 0.049  peso. 

Precipitation  and  melting  —  Wages. 
0.080  peso;  zinc,  0.096;  carbonate  of 
soda.  0.006;  coke,  0.051;  borax,  0.33; 
crucibles,  0.047;  sundry  items,  0.052;  to- 
tal, 0.365  peso. 
Total  costs  per  metric  ton,  3.847  pesos. 


Notes    on    the    West    Virginia 
Oilfields 


In  a  letter  of  date  of  April  16,  1910, 
Mr.  Girault  wrote: 

"Regarding  the  mill,  some  alterations 
in  the  way  of  handling  the  Moore  filter 
have  been  introduced  with  good  results. 
After  the  one-hour  barren  solution,  and 
the  10-  to  .20-min.  water  washes,  a  sec- 
ondary water  wash,  lasting  from  10  to  20 
min.  is  given  to  the  cakes  in  order  to  im- 
prove the  recovery  of  the  dissolved 
metals,  as  we  found  that  this  extra  wash 
gives  better  results  than  lengthening  the 
barren-solution  wash.  The  extra  wash 
contains  froin  9  to  12  grams  of  silver  per 
ton,  and  is  precipitated  in  special  zinc 
boxes  independently  of  the  main  solu- 
tions. 

"During  March,  1910,  using  the  extra 
wash,  the  cake  discharged  assayed:  Un- 
washed, an  average  of  41  grams;  washed, 
38  grams.  The  water  discharged  with  the 
pulp,  about  1:1,  assayed  3.8  grams  per 
ton.  The  drums  used  as  vacuum  cham- 
bers on  the  baskets  had  to  be  discarded 
snd  a  2' /-in.  traveling  hose  substituted. 
We  found  that  the  long  air  leach  required 
to  dry  the  cake  in  order  to  avoid  the 
salting  of  the  wash  solutions,  could  not 
he  given  with  the  drums  as  they  would 
|not  hold  the  cake  long  enough." 


Special  Correspondence 

In  the  Eagle  district,  No.  2  well  of 
the  White  Top  Oil  Company  has  de- 
clined from  70  to  15  bbl.  per  hour;  the 
Philadelphia  Company  well  on  the  Lucas 
farm  has  declined  from  10  to  3  bbl.; 
while  the  well  on  the  O.  B.  Ogden  farm, 
which  started  last  winter  with  a  flow  of 
90  bbl.  daily,  now  yields  only  five.  Near 
Wolf  Summit,  Deegan  &  Co.  have 
brought  in  a  IQO-bbl.  well  on  the  M.  A. 
Dennison  farm.  In  the  Clay  gas  district, 
W.  K.  Truly  &  Co.  have  struck,  on  the 
O.  C.  Martin  farm,  a  well  which  is  pro- 
ducing oil. 

In  the  Shinnston  district,  the  new  wells 
have  proved  light  producers  and  the 
gross  output  is  still  declining.  Hope  of 
finding  an  extension  has  been  aban- 
doned and  the  best  thing  that  can  be 
hoped  is  the  discovery  of  a  new  pool. 
Gas  has  been  found  to  the  north  and  east 
of  the  old  pool,  and  the  gas  companies 
expect  to  do  drilling  there  during  the 
summer. 

Lincoln  County 
Lincoln  and  Roane  are  the  only  coun- 
ties showing  increases  in  production  and 
these  are  not  due  to  the  size  of  the 
wells,  for  the  overage  output  is  under 
25  bbl.  per  day,  but  to  their  staying 
power,  so  that  a  large  proportion  of  the 
new  work  represents  an  increase  in  net 
production.  Very  little  "wildcatting"  is 
done,  as  operators  prefer  to  keep  within 
defined  territory.  The  present  daily  out- 
put of  Lincoln  is  about  5600  bbl.  Re- 
cent strikes  in  Duval  district  are  a  25- 
bbl.  well  on  the  W.  T.  Bell  farm,  a  15- 
bbl.  well  on  the  A.  P.  Oxley  farm,  a 
30-bbl.  well  on  the  land  of  Thomas  Fow- 
ler and  a  10-bhl.  well  on  the  Cordelia 
Holton   tract. 

Marion  County 
Exploration  of  the  30-ft.  territory  is 
quite  active.  Taylor  &  Dye  have  a  new 
,30-bbl.  well  on  the  A.  M.  Morris  land 
and  an  80-bbl.  well  on  the  farm  of 
George  Phillips.  In  the  Mannington  dis- 
trict, the  Fishe;  Oil  Company  No.  3  well 
on  the  H.  C.  Snyder  tract  is  yielding  125 
bbl.  per  day. 

Monongalia  County 
The  Manufacturers'  Heat  and  Light 
Company  has  a  50-bbl.  producer  in  its 
No.  10  well  on  the  McCann-Kinney  farm 
on  the  South  fork  of  Dunkard  creek. 
Near  it,  on  the  Noah  Henderson  farm, 
the  Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company  has 
a  5,000,000- ft.  gasser. 

Roane  County 
In    Walton   district   there    is   much   ac- 
tivity.    The  Ohio   Fuel   Oil   Company   in 
its  No.    12  well,  which   first  struck  a  5,- 
000,000- ft.  flow  of  gas  in  the  salt  sand, 


is  now  spraying  10  bbl.  of  oil  daily;  in 
well  No.  1 1  it  has  a  new  5-bbl.  pumper 
in  the  Big  Injun  sand  on  the  David 
March  farm,  while  in  the  same  sand  on 
the  J.  A.  Gandee  farm  it  has  a  40-bbl. 
producer.  In  Smithfield  district,  the 
Hamilton  company  has  a  25-bbl.  pro- 
ducer in  the  Austin-Fleshman  land,  and 
the  Carter  Oil  Company  has  one  yield- 
ing 60  bbl.  on  the  E.  S.  Fisher  tract; 
while  in  Spencer  district  the  last  named 
company  has  a  new  2,500,000- ft.  gasser 
on  the  Radeker  farm  and  in  Harper  dis- 
trict its  No.  13  well  is  producing  112 
bbl.  daily.  The  county  has  about  60  oil 
and  gas  drills  in  operation,  and  the  pres- 
ent oil  output  is  about  3700  bbl.  daily. 

Ritchie   County 

The  Keener  sand  ground  in  Grant  dis- 
trict is  furnishing  some  good  producers, 
among  which  are  the  135-bbl.  well  on  the 
Rexroad  f?rm.  just  completed  by  the  In- 
dian Creek  Oil  Company;  the  90-bbl. 
well  of  the  Frimier  Oil  Company,  on  the 
Hammer  land;  the  1 50-bbl.  well  of  R.  G. 
Gillespie  on  the  J.  R.  Kemper  tract,  and 
the  400-bbl.  well  of  the  Fisher  Oil  Com- 
pany on  the  farm  of  P.  R.  Thorp.  The 
cost  nf  drilling  down  to  the  shallow 
Keener  sand  is  light,  and  as  long  as  100- 
bbl.  wells  continue  to  be  found,  the  drill- 
ing  rigs  will   be  busy. 

Wetzel   County 

Surveys  have  been  completed  for  the 
120-mile  gas-pipe  line  of  the  Hope  Gas 
Company,  from  New  Martinsville  up  the 
Ohio  river  to  Mnundsville,  Benwood, 
Wheeling,  Wellsburg  and  adjoining  cities. 
The  pipe  used  will  probably  be  20  in. 
diameter. 


Testimonials  to  Pierre  Martin 


At  a  dinner  held  in  Paris  recently  the 
Comite  des  Forges  of  France  presented  a 
gold  medal  to  Pierre  Martin,  one  of  the 
inventors  of  the  open-hearth  steel  pro- 
cess, which  is  generally  known  in  Europe 
as  the  Martin  or  Siemens-Martin  process. 
Further,  as  M.  Martin,  who  is  now  85 
years  old,  has  but  little  means,  the  Comite 
des  Forges  has  voted  to  make  him  a  do- 
nation of  100,000  fr.  and  has  appealed  to 
other  organizations  of  iron  and  steel  man- 
ufacturers to  aid  in  the  movement.  The 
German  Iron  and  Steel  Union,  in  re- 
sponse has  subscribed  about  32.000 
marks,  and  the  British  Iron  and  Steel  In- 
stitute expects  to  raise  at  least  £1000. 
This  will  make  a  fund  of  about  S33.000 
as  a  testimonial  to  M.  Martin's  services 
to  the  industry. 


The  Great  Northern  Railroad  is  putting 
a  number  of  mogul  locomotives  in  service 
on  its  Mesaba  Range  system  in  Minne- 
sota, with  the  result  that  the  ore  traffic 
is  being  handled  with  greater  facility.  The 
mopiils  have  no  difficulty  in  hauling  120 
or  125  cars  direct  to  Lake  Superior  with- 
out the  delays  for.tierly  necessary. 


"0                                                   THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL  July  9,  1910. 

Cananea  Consolidated  Copper  Co.  in  1909 

Important    Orebodies    Opened    in  the    Kirk    Mine.  Cost    of    Mining 

$2.22     per    Ton.  Plans     under    Way    to     Reduce     Stack     Losses 

B~^^        L.  D         R    I     C    K    E  T    T    S* 

The  following  report  of  operations  of  Elisa  Mine  is  much   to   find   out   about   the   ground, 

the  Cananea  Consolidated  Copper  Com-  develooments  have  ^here   can    be   no   doubt,   however,   that 

pany  covers  the  calendar  and  fiscal  year  .       '  ' "f .  „          mine  developments  have  imoortant   and   that 

,Qf)Q.  been    chiefly    confined    to    the    Combina-  ^^^^  "^*    ""°®   ^^^   important   ana   tnat 

tion   tunnel,    but   the    ore    found    on    the  ^^^^  *'"  ""™afely  give  a  large  tonnage 

OKK  TREATED  AND  METAL  PRODUCED  i^^  lowest  levels  is  in  notable  quantity  °f  ^°°^  '"■«■ 

IN    1909 

and  of  better  than  the  average  grade  of  ,,          „              ,, 

Tons.  ,    ^              -ru     /-     u-     .•       X         ,     •,,  Veta   Grande   Mine 

Wet  tons  domestic  ore-mined 826,364  'astyear.     The   Combination  tunnel  will 

Wet  tons  domestic  ore  treated 835,929  be   driven    ahead    alone   the    Elisa     zone  At  the  Veta  Grande  the  most  important 

Wet  tons  foreign  ore  treated 225,607  ,           ^^„^   „„,..  ji               ^uu            UiU£.^,i 

: about  2500  ft.  further,  and  then  we  shall  development  has  been  above  the  first   level 

Total.. 1,061,536  probably  drive   it  west  6000  to  8000   ft.  where   the   orebody   extended   much    fur- 
Wet  tons  domestic  ore  milled 602,366  .           .             ...  ^i.              »  ^u                ^u         i,.        «    i 

AVet  tons  foreign  ore  milled 205,995  to  a  junction  with  the   Henrietta,  partly  tner  east  than  we  thought.     A  large  ton- 
Total                                                 ioFiel  f"""  'he  purpose  of  furnishing  an  outlet  nage  of  low-grade    but  payable  ore  has 
Hatio  of  concentration,  domes-                    '  for  that  mine  and  for  bringing  water  to  been  developed   here.     We   now   propose 
Ratio  of 'coiic'entratibn,  foreign  "            ^"  °  the  concentrator,  but  primarily   to  pros-  to  develop  to  the  west  through  the  large 
"'''^ 5.19  tons  into  1  pgj,(  jj^jg   j^^gg  ^^g^,  ^f  contact  between  area  of  country  that  shows  notable  min- 

Pounds,  (fjg  quartz  porphyry  and  diorite  porphyry  eralization  on  the   surface. 

Bullion  product  of  domestic  ore    ,          37,339,236  ,                                     „              ,        ,                 „      , 

Bullion  product  of  foreign  ora 7,598,129  that   appears   to    form    the    locus   of   the 

—  ■  „.,^  „„,  new  Henrietta  orebodv.  "^"^  ^""^  ^^^^ 

44,936,365 

Fine  copper  in  domestic  bullion  .        37,015,445  At   Henrietta  an  entirely  new  orebodv  Possibly   the   most   important   develop- 

Finejcopper  m  foreign  bullion 7,532,244  ..            rjj-u'-j.j  ,;,,                                         , 

has  been  found  and  is  being  developed,  ment,   although   the   tonnage   opened   up 

Total  fine  copper 44,547,689  jj  jigg  ^^  ,tje  opposite  side  of  the  caiion  is  not  yet  large,  has  been  in   the   Kirl- 

0"°'*8-  from   the   old   mine.     It   consists  almost  mine.    Ore  from  this  mine  appears  to  be 

Silver  in  domestic  bullion 627,689.81  i^        »u           »•            w                       r,      •         ^u  j        ,                  ,         j    •       ■                , 

Silver  in  bullion  from  foreign  ore 305,859.34  altogether  ot   smelting  ore.     During  the  more  deeply  seated  and  is  the  result  o! 

Total  silver                                     933  549  15  ^^^'^  shipments  of  about  50  tons  per  day  contact  metamorphism  in  limestone.     A; 

Gold  in  domestic  bullion 3,814  794  of   smelting    ore    have    been    made,    and  a    consequence,    these    ores    contain    ai 

Gold  in  bullion  from  foreign  ore ... .     21062 .  674  there   are   20,000  tons   of  ore   broken   in  excess  of  lime  and  iron  over  silica  am 

Total  gold   5,877.468  the  mine.     During  the   present  year  the  alumina,  and  are  all  smelting  ores.     Thi 

ve^c^^^^verHr^fiM^i^^l:  '■'°'  ""'P"'  ^^i"  be  increased.              '  zone    through    which    the    orebodies    oc 

No    development    has    been    done    at  cur   is   very   wide.     The   most   importan 

Develop.ment  Work  Puertocitos,  aside  from  opening  up  new  development  this  year  in  this  ground  i: 

r>,„-!ry„  tu^  ,<>„,.  /(finii   f»      (•  J       1  quarries.  about  1000  ft.  north  of  the  old  main  shaf 

During  t-he  year  46,911   ft.  of  develop-  j    •      ^,.       ....        <•       j  n  i    . 

»          ,                 ,  .                  ,  ,,  ^                     ^                   ..  and    in   the   vicinity    of   and   parallel   t( 

ment    work    were    driven,    as    follows:  Capote  and  Oversight   Mines  ..              ^    c     i.   ^i,  .       »     j      <■    „    .u 

ci,„t*„    /IC3  f.        •              J      •         r^or  the    great    fault   that    extends    from    thi 

Shafts,  463  ft.;  winzes  and  raises,  5785  ^       ,            i     u       u          i        i  ......     r-,-          ■       .         j    u 

-,      ^         1      J  -cx         J                      ../,/>/.-,  Capote    work    has    been    largely    con-  west   of   the    Elisa   mine   to   and    beyoni 

ft.;  tunnels,  drifts  and  crosscuts,  40,663  ^     ,  ,    ,u      u         i-        •    .u    c  .,.•              _,        ^     u-  u  ■    .^    ,            r  .u 

r.      T~..     .    .        ,..,.       ,         .  ,  .'       \  fined  to  the  old  workings  in  the  fire  zone,  this  around,  and  which  is  the  locus  of  th 

ft.     This  IS  in  addition  to  subdrifts,  etc.,  ^              •               i.     u         u                u  j  ,-,-                         tu    ,m      .o    u  <•. 

...                   J     .                 ,     ,          J  Encouraging    results   have    been    reached  Elisa  ore  zone.     The  No.  12  shaft  passe 

which  were  made  in  ore  and  charged  as  .      .  ,,    °.  ^     ^      ,        „          ...               ...         u       ^  j     r  i  nc   c.    .u-  i 

...,,..„  m   followins  streaks  of  smeltinc  ore  to  through  a  bed  of  lean  ore  75   ft.  thicK 

an  Item  in     sloping.  ,            ,             „    ,        ,,               ;          ,  ,....,                „    ,, 

t.:e  southeast  of  the  old  slope  above  \m  which  can  be  mined  to  a  profitable  grad« 

Co.MBiNATiON  Tunnel  ^"'^'  level.     We  now  propose  to  unwater  To  the  west,  in  Tunnel  3,  we  are  openin 

the  mine   and   develop   between   the   700  up  ore  of  a  much  better  grade   and   i 

In   this  development  work  is   included  and  1050  levels,  where  we  know  there  is  notable    quantities.     As  there    is   over 

the     new     Combination     tunnel,     which  commercial  ore.  and  also  to  develop  t'lt  mile  and  a  half  of  ground  that  is  prac 

starts  in  Capote  basin  above  the  Capote  Black    slope    chute    which    has    a    large  tically  undeveloped  on  this  zone  betwee 

mine    and  drives  for  2500  ft.  through  the  amount  of  mineralized  ground.  Shaft   12  and  the   Elisa,  the  new  strike 

Indiana-Sonora     ground     and     into     the  Developments    in    the    Oversight.    thL^  in   the   Kirk   are   not  only   of   importane 

l-:iisa  mine.     This  tunnel  has  been  driven  largest   mine,   have    been    most   satisfac-  themselves,  but  suggest  far  greater  pos 

over  .SOOO  ft.  to  Dec.  31,   1909,  and  but  tory.      Not    only    have    we    found    much  sibilities. 

300  ft.  remained  to  connect  it  with  the  of   the  profitable  old   filling  above   Tun- 

Elisa  workings  at  that  date.     It  strikes  nei  4,  but  have  opened  up  in  this  ground  Indiana-Sonora  Mine 

these   workings  260   ft.   below    the    old  notable   quantities  of  both  second-grade  The  Indiana-Sonora  property  was  onl ' 

adit,    and    not    only    drains    the    mine    to  and   smelting   ore   in   the   vicinity   of   the  acquired  toward  the  end  of  Inst  year  an  . 

this    depth,    but    furnishes    a     new     and  old     bonanza     slopes,     and     the     ground  little  development  was  done  by  I's  up  t 

much  more  convenient  outlet.     This  tun-  around    these   old   workings    promises   to  Jan.    1.     We  have,  however,  cut  an  ore 

nel   will   play   an   important   part   in   the  furnish  an  output  of  7000  tons  per  month  body    of    srcond-class    ore,   ,^0    ft.    widi 

development      of     the      Indiana-Sonora  for  some  years  to  come.     The  develop-  near  the  Oversight  line  in  this  propcrtv 

ground   as  it  passes  800  ft.  below,  and  ments  on  the  first  and  second  levels  of  and  there  is  a  large  territory  betwepn  th 

just  to  one  side  of,  the  croppings  over  the  Oversight  have,  however,  been  more  Oversight  line  and  Capote  creek  which  i 

one  of  its  most  important  orebodies.  important    and    the    main    ore    zone    has  regarded   as   exceedingly   pro"iisinc   an 

proved    much    wider    than    expected    and  which   it   is   proposed   to   devplop   diirin 

•General    mnnagcr,    Cannnnn    Consolidated  much    more    extensive    toward    the    west,  the    coming   year.      In    the    Eureka    min 

Copper  Company,   Cananea,   Son.,   Mexico.  _,           .                      ,        ,              ,          ,  ^,                            .     .                   .  .      .     i       .  „ 

.  These  important  developments  only  came  there  appears  to  be  a  pers'st^nt  snoot  c 

Note — Alistract   from    the    inon    report    of  .       ,       ,   "^                     ^     ,                       '      ,  ......                  ,     :      •>,                    i.«, 

the  Greene  Conaoiirtnted  Copper  Company.  m  the  latter  part  of  the  year  and  there  basic  smelting  ore  that  will  average  bei 


July  9,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


71 


ter  than  4' j  per  cent,  copper  and  4  oz. 
in  silver.  From  preliminary  examination, 
this  mine  alone  should  yield  from  5000 
to  6000  tons  of  smelting  ore   a  month. 

On  the  whole,  I  consider  the  results 
of  the  development  work  during  the  pe- 
riod in  question  as  more  than  satisfactory 
and  as  many  of  the  faces  in  new  grounl 
are  still  in  ore,  and  for  other  reasons 
that  I  have  given,  I  consider  the  outlook 
for  the  future  promising. 

Cost  of  Mining 

The  cost  of  mining  was  S2.22  per  ton 
as  against  S2.13  per  ton  for  the  pre- 
vious year,  and  S3.28  per  ton  for  the 
15  months  ended  Oct.  31,  1907.  Of  this 
sum  of  S2,22,  S0.095  per  ton  consists 
of  improvements  and  equipments  in- 
stalled and  charged  off  during  the  year. 
I  consider  this  most  satisfactory  for  the 
reason  that  the  extra  money  spent  in 
development  has  amounted  to  at  least 
S0,20  per  ton  over  the  same  cost  in  1908, 
and  for  the  reason  that  there  has  been 
a  greater  proportion  of  smelting  ore 
mined  in  the  newer  mines  where  the  cost 
is  necessarily  higher.  This  will  be  il- 
lustrated by  glancing  at  the  accompany- 
ing table. 


trical  power  for  every  requirement  to 
meet  the  demands  of  our  enlarged  op- 
eration and  for  some  years  to  come  hav; 
one  generator  in  reserve. 

Tub   Concentrators 

The  cost  of  concentrating  during  the 
year  has  remained  abnormally  high, 
largely  due  to  an  insufficent  supply  of 
water,  a  plentiful  supply  of  which  has 
since  been  provided,  and  also  to  that 
fact  that  we  have  made  radical  changes 
with  a  view  to  greater  saving,  the  most 
of  which  has  been  charged  to  operating 
account.  The  introduction  of  direct-acting 
pumps  in  place  of  centrifugals,  and  the 
building  of  a  prrper  condensing  plaiU 
have  introduced  marked  economies  in  fuel 
consumption. 

The  impounding  of  tailings  is  now  be- 
ing done  most  successfully,  and  while 
the  water  is  still  acid  we  are  able  to 
get  clearer  water  and  we  have  put  in 
precipitating  tanks  which  take  out  a 
notable  quantity  of  the  copper  that  is  in 
solution  in  the  water. 

In  addition  to  the  50  vanners  in  mill 
No,  3,  referred  to  in  my  last  report,  we 
have  installed  an  additional  unit  of  the 


COST 

OF  ORE  MINED. 

Mine. 

Wet  Tons. 

Direct  Cost.s, 

IndudinK 
Development. 

Impro\X'- 
ments.  Bet- 
terments and 
Kqnipments. 

Proportion 
Miscellaneous 
Development. 

Total 

Piiprtocito.s 

Hpnriettii 

Eiisi 

Cipote 

OviTsiKht 

Veta  Oranrte 

Kirk 

50,037 

18.253 

71.352 

100,101 

327.949 

208.670 

50,005 

S2  S06 
4.261 
2  367 
1.842 
1 .  754 
1.805 
3.7,55 

SO  079 
0 .  606 
0.170 
0.210 
0.029 
0   032 
0.28S 

SO. 051 
0.065 
0.075 
0.044 
0.0.54 
0.054 
0.060 

.$2  936 
4  932 
2.012 
2  096 
1   S:j7 
1,891 
4    103 

826,364 

$2,071 

SO,  005 

$0,055 

$2,221 

Po^x'ER   House  Equipment 

During  the  year  we  installed  a  cross- 
compound,  two-step,  condensing,  Inger- 
soll-Rand  compressor  at  the  smeltery 
powerhouse,  and  connected  it  with  the 
mines  by  an  11 -in,  main.  The  compres- 
sor has  a  capacity  of  6000  cu.ft,  of  free 
air  per  minute.  It  has  worked  economi- 
cally  and   is   giving   great   satisfaction. 

We  also  installed  a  1200-kw,  (1500- 
k'.v,a,)  horizontal  Curtiss  turbogenerator, 
and  have  or  are  preparing  to  equip  all 
the  mines  with  electrical  hoists  and 
pumps.  The  pumps  and  hoists  that  we 
have  so  far  installed  have  proved  most 
satisfactory  and  it  has  become  evident 
tnat  an  extension  to  this  system  is  neces- 
sary, I  have  ordered  two  additional  tur- 
bines, of  the  same  size,  and  a  condenser 
abundantly  able  to  take  care  of  this  in- 

!sed  power.     The  cost  of  this  installa- 
will   amount  to   about  S90,000,  but 

'  ill  greatly  increase  the  efficiency  of 
.  Acr  used  at  the  mines  and  will  intro- 
luce    such    economies   that   the    expedi- 

\   of  the  investment  cannot  be  ques- 

-d.     With  this  equipment  we  shall  be 
to  develop   an   abundance   of  elec- 


same  size,  which  is  working  satisfac- 
torily. 

The  losses  in  concentration  have  con- 
tinued high  during  the  year.  David  Cole 
has  designed  and  installed  a  drag  classi- 
fier which  promises  important  results, 
and  alt;-ough  it  has  been  in  use  for  a 
short  period,  it  is  evident  that  the  in- 
creased saving  is  going  to  be  marked. 
Mr,  Cole  expects  to  be  able  to  make  a 
recovery  of  80  per  cent,  of  the  contents 
of  the  ore,  which  on  the  class  of  ore 
we  have  to  concentrate,  would  be  splen- 
did work. 

During  the  year  an  efficient  sampling 
mill  was  constructed  that  automatically 
samples  the  ore  going  to  the  concentra- 
tors and  gives  accurate  results  as  to 
grade  and  composition.  The  Cole  classi- 
fiers have  been  introdiict-d  into  both  sec- 
tions in  mill  No.  2,  and  during  the  first 
six  months  of  the  coming  year  the  old 
mill  will  be  overhauled,  one  section  at 
a  time,  and  this  system  of  classification 
introduced. 

During  the  latter  part  of  1909  only 
three  sections  of  the  four  in  the  old  mills 
were  in  operation.  One  section  at  a 
time  is  being  overhauled,  and  i^  v.ill  take 


until  the  first  of  June  to  complete  this 
work,  which  will  increase  the  tonnage  at 
the  concentrators  by  fully  25  per  cent, 
over  the  former  capacity. 

Reduction  Division 

The  operations  of  the  reduction  divi- 
sion have  been  exceedingly  satisfactory 
both  regarding  metallurgical  results  and 
costs.  There  has  been  a  reduction  in 
the  cost  of  beneficiating  ores  and  con- 
centrates, and  this  reduction  will  con- 
tinue. 

The  cost  per  dry  ton  of  new  copper- 
bearing  material  treated  for  the  past  sev- 
eral periods  has  been  as  follows:  1907, 
$6,82;   1908,  S3,86;  and   1909,  S3.09, 

The  reduction  is  largely  due  to  in- 
creased efficiency  of  the  reverberatory 
furnace  and  to  decreased  costs  in  pow- 
er, and  to  the  fact  that  the  company  has 
been  able  to  replace  barren  material  by 
marginal  material  in  the  converting  de- 
partment. On  account  of  the  desire  of 
all  of  our  employees  to  obtain  the  best 
results,  the  latter  move  had  to  be  made 
graduallv  in  order  that  prejudice  might 
be  overcome,  as  the  fear  was  freely 
expressed  that  the  innovation  would  be 
dangerous.  The  concentrator  slimes 
gradually  replaced  barren  clay,  and  care- 
fully selected  ores  were  mixed  with  bar- 
ren quartz  in  the  linings,  until  toward 
the  end  of  the  year  nothing  but  ore  and 
slimes   were   used. 

Finally  we  have  found  that  America 
ore.  without  the  use  of  any  clay,  is  suf- 
ficient as  a  lining,  and  at  the  present  time 
this  ore  is  being  used  exclusively  for 
converter  lining  without  any  mixture  of 
clay  either  in  the  bodies  or  the  lids  of 
the  converters,  and  while  the  combined 
silica  and  alumina  amounts  to  but  little 
over  70  per  cent.,  as  compared  with  89 
per  cent,  in  the  barren  quartz,  greater 
efficiency  is  obtained,  pound  for  pound, 
with  the  former  than  we  did  with  the 
latter  lining.  This  is  largely  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  ore  forms  a  more  com- 
pact lining  and  withstands  mechanical 
erosion.  Necessarily,  the  slag  has  be- 
come much  more  basic,  and  we  are  now 
making  a  converter  slag  containing  62 
per  cent,  ferrous  oxide.  As  a  conse- 
quence, the  converter  slag  has  become 
a  valuable  flux  and  has  largely  replaced 
the  barren  iron  and  lime  which  were 
formerly  used. 

Stack  Losses 

The  experiments  of  the  Boston  &  Mon- 
tana Company  at  Great  Falls,  in  smoke 
disposition  and  the  determination  of  un- 
accountable losses,  was  of  great  import- 
ance to  American  metallurgy.  Following 
their  lead.  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.  made 
elaborate  tests  and  have  develooed  the 
fact  that  stack  losses  in  the  Southwest 
are  serious.  During  the  coming  year  we 
shall  determine  our  stack  losses  with  a 
view  of  correcting  evils.  Partial  rectifi- 
cation   is   justified   without   further  tests. 


72 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,   1910. 


The  best  method  to  be  used  to  save  the 
minute  percentage  of  dust  in  the  enor- 
mous tonnage  of  stack  gases  is  hard  to 
decide  upon.  In  my  opinion,  preventa- 
tive measures  should  be  first  introduced. 
Partially  in  line  with  these  ideas,  I  am 
authorized  to  install  a  second  reverbera- 
tory  furnace  with  the  accessory  battery 
of  boilers  and  six  additional  calcining 
furnaces.  This  will  enable  us  to  remove 
much  of  the  remaining  fines  from  the 
blast  furnaces  and  largely  decrease  the 
dust.  At  the  same  time,  this  class  of 
material  can  be  melted  far  more  cheaply 
and  we  will  greatly  increase  the  blast- 
furnace capacity;  directly  by  taking  fines 
from  them,  and  indirectly  by  increasing 
the  capacity  per  square  foot  of  hearth 
area.  With  this  installation  the  smelt- 
ing cfpacity  will  be  nearly  double  the 
tonnage  handled  in   1909. 

Reduction  in  Power  Costs 

The  introduction  of  fuel  oil,  as  men- 
tioned in  my  last  report,  has  been  of 
great  advantage  to  this  company,  and  the 
fuel  bill  per  ton  of  ore  has  been  almost 
cut  m  two  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  we 
are  using  more  power  per  ton  of  ore  than 
we  did  previously. 

During  the  year  we  may  look  for  the 
complete  obliteration  of  all  steam  plants 
except  those  at  the  power  house  and  the 
concentrators,  and  with  it  will  come  a  de- 
crease in  the  cost  of  power. 

A  great  deal  of  money  has  been  spent 
on  the  power  house,  both  in  introduc- 
ing fuel  oil  and  in  increasing  the  efficien- 
cy of  the  individual  engines.     The  pow- 

COST  PER  TON  OF  ORE  TREATED. 


Fiscal  year.  19O.i-1906.-. 

.\ugust  1.  1908.  to  Octo- 
ber 31.  1907  

July  11,  to  December  31 
190,S 

Fiscal  year.  1909 


Per  Ton. 


S10.21 
7.625 


,-> .  976 
5 . 4.59 


Tons 
Treated. 


947.977 

1,305,291 

295,554 
835,929 


ton  of  ore,  including  every  cost  until  the 
refined  product  is  sold,  is  also  shown. 
It  will  be  seen  that  a  notable  reduc- 
tion in  the  cost  of  beneficiation  per  ton 
of  ore  was  obtained  in  spite  of  the  large 
increase  in  develofjment  work  and  the 
large  amount  of  improvements  and  bet- 
terments charged  off  to  depreciation.  The 
actual  yield  per  ton  of  ore  beneficiated 
was  51.25  lb.  for  the  six  months  in  1908, 
and  for  the  year  1909  it  was  44.12  lb. 
The  decrease  in  the  yield  per  ton  of  ore 
beneficiated  is  the  chief  element  in  the 
practically  stationary  cost  of  copper  dur- 
ing the  last  two  periods  mentioned.  This 
drop  in  yield  per  ton  appears  more  seri- 
ous than  it  really  is,  for  the  reason  that 
we  were  straightening  out  the  mines  and 
getting  them  in  proper  shape  without  un- 
justly depleting  reserves  or  losing  ore. 
A  notable  cause  in  the  decrease  in  yield 
was  due  to  extracting  lean  material,  which 
overlies  more  valuable  ore  and  which 
had  to  be  extracted  or  lost.  The  de- 
crease in  yield  is  also  partially  accounted 

DETAILED  COST  PER  POUND  OF  COPPER 


er  costs  during  the  past  two  years  have 
dropped  from  over  S16  to  under  $8  per 
horsepower  month,  and  while  power  costs 
will  never  be  abnormally  low,  we  can 
safely  look  for  a  cost  per  indicated 
horsepower  of  less  than  $7  and  possibly 
not  over  S6  per  month. 

In  making  the  expenditures  for  in- 
creased power  and  decreased  cost  per 
horsepower,  we  have  been  fortunate  in 
having  the  advice  of  John  Langton,  con- 
sulting engineer,  and  it  is  evident  that 
this  advice  has  been  exceedingly  valu- 
able. It  has  resulted,  I  think,  in  getting 
an  economical  and  satisfactory  installa- 
tion. 

Mining  and  Beneficiating 

The  copper  costs  for  the  past  year 
compare  with  the  costs  for  the  six 
months  of  operation  during  1908  as 
shown  in  the  accompanying  table.  The 
total  cost  of  mining  and   beneficiating  a 


Gross  costs  f.o.b.  Can- 
anei.  cents  per  lb 

Fieighi'to  New  York,  ex- 
port tax.  refining  mar- 
keting interest,  etc. .  . . 


$0 . 099275 
0.016864 


Total  cost 

Credit  for  value  of  prec- 
ious metals 

Miscellaneous  revenues 
Cananea 


Tofil  cost  of  fine  copper 
sold 

Construction  not  charged 
to  operation 


Cost ,  including  every  ex 
penditure 


.SixMonths, 
1908. 


SO.  101740 


0.017353 


so. 116139 

SO.  01054.5 

0.007520 


SO. 018065 


■SO  098074 
0 . 00705S 


$0.105132 


Year  1909. 


so. 119093 
.$0.10840 
SO, 007969 


SO. 018809 


.S0.1002.S4 
0.016119 

SO.  116403 


for  by  the  introduction  of  lean  copper- 
bearing  material  carrying  about  1  per 
cent,  as  converter  lining  which  replaced 
material  that  was  formerly  barren  and 
therefore  was  not  counted  as  copper- 
bearing  material.  Now  we  are  using  3 
per  cent,  ore  for  lining.  It  is  safe  to 
say  that  during  the  coming  year  the  yield 
per  ton  will  gradually  and  materially  in- 
crease, and  it  may  be  regarded  that  the 
decreased  yield  during  the  past  year  was 
temporary. 

Increased  Output 

Referring  now  to  the  paragraphs  under 
the  heading  of  "Development  Work,"  I 
think  it  safe  for  me  to  say  that  we  can 
at  such  time  as  is  deemed  advisable, 
increase  the  production  materially  and 
still  pursue  the  usual  conservative  pol- 
icy. 

When  the  smeltery  and  concentrator  en- 
largements and  the  power  expansion  now 
under  way  are  completed,  we  shall  have 
a  monthly  capacity,  on  the  present  grade 
of  ore,  of  6,000,000  lb.  of  copper  for 
the  affiliated  companies,  and  I  think  that 
the  encouraging  developments  fully  war- 


rant the  enlargement  of  the  plant  to  this 
extent. 

Freight  Reductions 
The  Cananea,  Rio  Yaqui  &  Pacific 
Railway  Company  has  made  most  not- 
able reductions  in  freight  from  Cananea. 
Early  in  the  coming  year,  when  every 
legal  requirement  of  both  the  Mexican 
and  American  governments  is  fulfilled, 
we  shall  be  on  a  fair  competitive  basis 
as  to  rates  with  our  friends  and  rivals 
across  the  line.  Not  only  will  there  be 
notable  reductions  in  coke,  oil,  lumber, 
etc.,  but  also  on  all  other  commodities 
which  the  general  public  uses  as  well  as 
ourselves. 

Self  Sustaining  Departments 
The  self-sustaining  departments  have 
constantly  improved  in  efficiency  and  or- 
ganization. We  are  under  particular  ob- 
ligations to  George  Young  for  the  able 
way  in  which  he  has  reorganized  the 
mercantile  department.  He  has  constant- 
ly kept  in  view  the  necessity  of  supply- 
ing our  workmen  with  essentials  at  a 
moderate  cost,  and  I  think  it  will  be 
found  on  comparison  that  the  cost  of  the 
necessaries  of  life  at  Cananea  are  pos- 
sibly as  low  as  they  are  in  any  other 
camp  in  the  southwest,  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  much  of  our  material  is  im- 
ported from  the  United  States  and  has  to 
pay  heavy  duties. 

The  public  service  department,  under 
John  A.  Campbell,  and  the  lumber  and 
fuel  departments,  under  the  direction  of 
T.    Evans,   have  been   well   administered. 

General 

Our  concession  from  the  State  gov- 
ernment required  the  installation  of  cer- 
tain additional  power,  and  this  is  prac- 
tically completed.  Early  in  the  coming 
year  we  shall  request  the  State  govern- 
ment to  inspect  this  work  and  we  hope 
that  it  will  more  than  meet  with  their 
requirements. 

Our  relations  with  the  officials  of  the 
State  and  with  the  municipal  authorities 
have  been  most  pleasant,  and  we  are 
fortunate  in  the  wise  and  just  adminis- 
tration of  the  laws  of  the  State  .and  mun- 
icipality. 

There  has  been  no  change  during  the 
year  in  the  staff  of  the  Cananea  Consol- 
idated Copper  Company.  The  esprit  de 
corps  and  efficiency  of  the  staff  is,  I  feel,, 
almost  perfect,  and  the  advance  we  have 
made  is  largely  due  to  the  most  careful ' 
study  in  committee,  and  to  the  carryini 
out  of  the  plans  decided  upon  by  mei 
whom  I  feel  are  most  able  experts  in 
their    particular    lines. 

The  report  of  the  directors  of  the 
Cananea  Consolidated  Copper  Company 
states  that  the  Sierra  Madre  &  Pacific 
Railroad  Coinpany  repaid  the  mortgagi 
loan  of  S400,000  advanced  by  the  Can 
anea  company,  as  mentioned  in  the  re 
port    for    1908.  ' 


July  9,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


73 


In  the  last  annual  report  it  was  stated 
that  the  Cananea  company  held  75  per 
cent,  of  the  stock  of  the  Sierra  Madre 
Land  and  Lumber  Company  as  security 
for  the  payment  of  the  purchase  price  of 
51  per  cent,  of  the  stock  of  the  Lumber 
company  sold  to  William  C.  Greene. 
Since  that  time  the  mortgage  given  by 
the  Lumber  company  to  secure  its  $3,- 
000,000  of  outsanding  bonds  has  been 
foreclosed  for  nonpayment  of  interest, 
and  all  its  property  has  been  sold  to  an 
English  syndicate  to  satisfy  its  bonded 
indebtedness.  In  view  of  the  large 
amount  of  indebtedness,  it  was  decided 
that  it  would  not  be  wise  to  involve  the 
Cananea  company  to  the  extent  of  at 
least  57,000,000  necessary  to  save  the 
Lumber  company  and  put  it  on  an  op- 
erating basis.  Before  the  foreclosure 
took  place,  an  attempt  was  made  to  in- 
terest others  in  the  Lumber  company  as 
an  independent  project,  with  the  hope  of 


The  auditor's  report  for  the  year  gives 
the  total  earnings  of  the  company  as  S5,- 
510,84b;  total  expenditures,  54,408,287; 
net  earnings  for  the  year,  SI, 102,559; 
depreciation  of  construction  and  im- 
provements, 5558,452.  Net  profits  of 
$544,107  are  reported  for  the  year. 


Zinc  Retort  Charger 


Emile  Dor-Delattre,  of  Dorplein-Bu- 
del,  Holland,  was  granted  a  patent  in 
1908  (Brit.  Pat.  No.  13,822)  on  an  ap- 
paratus for  charging  zinc  retorts  and 
other  analgous  furnaces.  His  apparatus 
consisted  of  a  propeller  or  feed  wheel 
having  radial  blades,  rotating  in  a  casing 
carrying  a  charging  tube  and  preferably 
arranged  to  turn  about  its  axis.  In  the 
original  apparatus,  the  tube  was  rigid  and 
in  one  piece  with  the  casing. 

In  a  recent  patent  (Brit.  Pat.  No.  17,- 


Plan   and  Section  of   Dor-Delattre's  Zinc-retort  Charger 


protecting  the  Cananea  company's  claim, 
but  w^ithout  success.  The  resulting  loss 
in  this  transaction  is  more  apparent  than 
real.  The  company's  investment  in  the 
Lumber  company  .was  but  5650,000. 

Sixty  per  cent,  of  the  capital  stock  of 
the  Indiana-Sonora  Copper  and  Mining 
Company  was  acquired  near  the  end  of 
the  year  by  the  Cananea  Consolidated 
Copper  Company.  The  remaining  40  per 
cent,  has  been  purchased  by  the  Cananea 
Central  Copper  Company.  The  Indiana- 
Sonora  company,  through  its  Mexican 
corporation  owns  about  4(X)  acres  of  min- 
eral land  in  the  Capote  basin,  the  center 
of  the   productive   territory. 

Approximately  5150,000  were  expended 
in  the  building  of  the  proposed  railroad 
from  Cananea  to  Douglas,  Ariz.,  for 
which  the  Cananea  Consolidated  Copper 
Company  holds  a  concession.  While  this 
work  was  in  progress  liberal  reductions 
in  freight  rates  were  made  by  the  Can- 
anea, Rio  Yaqui  &  Pacific  Railroad,  in 
consequence  of  which  the  work  of  build- 
ing the  road  to  Douglas  was  suspended. 


103,  of  19091,  Mr.  Dor-Delattre  has  em- 
bodied improvements  which  facilitate  and 
accelerate  the  charging  operations.  Prior 
to  this  patent,  when  the  apparatus  was 
moved  in  front  of  a  furnace,  there  was 
a  possibility  of  the  charging  tube  foul- 
ing the  retorts,  furnace  uprights  or  pro- 
tecting screen.  The  improved  apparatus 
vith  the  tube  hinged  to  the  casing  is  il- 
lustrated in  the  accompanying  figure. 
The  retorts  can  be  charged  without  stop- 
ping the  propeller. 

Referring  to  the  figure,  the  casing  £ 
is  provided  with  a  discharge  branch  A 
of  square  section,  through  which  the 
charging  materials  thrown  out  by  the 
blades  of  the  wheel  are  delivered.  A 
has  two  lugs  li,  to  which  are  connected 
brackets  of  the  sleeve  D,  carrying  the 
charging  tube  F.  A  hinge  C  con- 
nects one  of  the  lugs  and  one  of  the 
sleeve  brackets,  while  the  other  lug  and 
bracket  has  a  pin  H,  that  can  be  readily 
removed.  The  above  arrangement  allows 
the  tube  and  sleeve  to  swing  horizontally 
when  the  apparatus  is  not  in  use.     By 


means  of  a  hinge  /,  the  outer  end  of  the 
tube  may  be  lowered,  and  the  hinges  / 
and  K  permit  angular  movements  of  F 
toward  the  right  or  left.  Normally,  the 
tube  is  kept  as  a  prolongation  of  the 
sleeve,  by  a  spring  L,  which  yields  in  the 
event  of  the  tube  fouling.  The  spring 
acts  on  all  three  hinges  /,  J  and  K  at  the 
same  time,  tending  to  keep  them  closed. 


Greene-Cananea  Copper  Company 


The  annual  report  of  the  Greene- 
Cananea  Copper  Company  for  the  year 
ended  Dec.  31,  1909,  states  that  it  owns 
944,987  shares  of  issued  capital  stock  of 
the  Greene  Consolidated  Copper  Com- 
pany, and  599,758  shares  of  the  issued 
capital  stock  of  the  Cananea  Central  Cop- 
per Company,  No  dividend  disbursements 
were  made  by  either  of  these  subsidiary 
companies  during  the  last  year.  Opera- 
tions, however,  were  carried  on  through- 
out the  year  by  both  companies. 

Cananea   Central  Copper  Company 

The  Cananea  Central  company  owns 
the  entire  capital  stock  of  the  San  Pedro 
Copper  Company,  the  Mexican  corpora- 
tion which  holds  title  to  a  number  of 
claims  at  Cananea.  During  the  year  the 
Cananea  Central  acquired  two-fifths  in- 
terest in  the  Sierra  de  Cobre  Mining  Com- 
pany, the  Mexican  corporation  of  the 
Indiana-Sonora  Copper  and  Mining  Com- 
pany, title  to  which  has  been  vested  in 
the  San  Pedro  Copper  Company.  The 
remaining  three-fifths  interest  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Cananea  Consolidated  Cop- 
per Company.  The  Cananea  Central  com- 
pany's interest  in  the  Cananea-Duluth 
Copper  Company  amounts  to  268,270 
shares  out  of  an  outstanding  capitaliza- 
tion of  269,236  shares.  The  Cananea- 
Duluth  Copper  Company  owns  all  of  the 
stock  of  the  Cananea  Development  Com- 
pany, the  .Mexican  corporation  which 
holds  title  to  the  Dos  Naciones  mining 
claim  at  Canane.i. 

During  the  year  the  San  Pedro  Cop- 
per Company  shipped  75,505  wet  tons 
of  ore,  from  which  were  recovered  3,271,- 
614  lb.  of  fine  copper  or  43.33  lb.  per  ton 
of  ore;  51,584  oz.  of  silver  and  399  oz. 
of  gold.  The  Cananea  Development  Com- 
pany shipped  149,196jwet  tons  of  ore, 
from  which  were  recovered  4,169,850  lb. 
of  fine  copper,  or  27.94  lb.  per  ton  of 
ore;  251,435  oz.  of  silver  and  1648  oz.  of 
gold.  The  entire  output  of  both  com- 
panies was  treated  at  the  reduction  works 
of  the  Cananea  Consolidated  Copper 
Company,  the  operations  of  which  are  re- 
ported elsewhere  in  this  issue. 


A  small  amount  of  barite  mined  in 
Mexico  is  used  for  paint  purposes  in 
Mexico  City. 


74 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


Sloping  at  Homestake   Mine  of  South  Dakota 

Output  4000  Tons  per  Day.      Orebody  500  ft.  Wide  in  Places.     Timber- 
less  Stopes  60  ft.  Wide,  Pillars  40  ft.      Elxcessive  Shoveling  Increases  Cost 


BY         JOHN         TYSSOWSKI 


Where  there  are  100  miles  of  under- 
ground workings,  drifts,  crosscuts,  etc., 
in  a  mine,  it  is  evident  that  all  sorts  of 
conditions  will  be  encountered.  The 
method  of  mining  will  necessarily  show 
similar  variations.  This  is  true  at  the 
Homestake  mine,  of  South  Dakota. 
Luckily,  however,  fairly  strong  and  well 
standing  wall  rock  and  ore  are  typical,  so 
that  the  variations  are  more  those  due  to 
the  size  of  the  orebodies  and  to  the  grad- 
ual evolution  of  system  of  working.  The 
Homestake  has  been  worked  since  the 
late  70's,  and  among  its  employees  there 
is  an  organization  known  as  the  Home- 
stake  Veteran's  Association,  the  qualifi- 
cation for  membership  being  21  years' 
service  with  the  company.    This  associa- 


in  filliiig  the  sill  floor  was  enormous. 
When  the  stope  was  drawn,  this  timber 
caused  endless  trouble. 

Gradual  Reduction  of  Timbering 

The  uselessness  of  timbering  anything 
other  than  the  haulage  ways  on  the  sill 
floor  was,  of  course,  soon  evident,  so  the 
next  change  in  method  was  to  break  out 
the  sill  floor,  then  shovel  through  the 
necessary  gangways,  timbering  and  lag- 
ging them,  and  packing  rock  around  them 
as  a  protection;  the  stope  was  then  car- 
ried up.  This  method  is  still  used  in 
many  places,  but  the  last  stage  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  stoping  practice  has 
been  to  do  away  with  the  use  of  even 
this  timber  wherever  possible. 


ft.  pillars  have  been  adopted;  the  1500 
level  from  the  Ellison  shaft  is  being  laid 
out  on  this  plan.  To  a  depth  of  1100  ft., 
levels  were  carried  at  100-ft.  intervals, 
below  that,  they  are  150  ft.  apart. 

Present  Stoping  Scheme 

The  usual  method  of  approaching 
these  cross  stopes  through  timbered 
crosscuts  is  shown  in  section  in  Fig.  2. 
The  crosscuts  along  each  stope  are  cut 
back  into  the  pillar,  so  that  a  solid 
back  protects  them  to  some  extent.  The 
ore  is  drawn  into  these  crosscuts,  shov- 
eled into  cars  and  trammed  out  through 
the  timbered  drifts.  Fig.  3  shows  a  sim- 
ilar section  through  a  stope  worked  by 
the  new  timberless  method,  Fig.  4  being 


*»s 

^   ^^m 

'       .  ■:^-;'..  ;■:       \' 

m 

^ 

''^4^1 

■ 

Hn 

JHl 

■ 

^m 

Open   Cut  Workings  at  the  Homestake,  Looking  Either  Direction  from  Ridge  North  of  Lead,  S.  D. 


tion   still   exists   after  the   recent   trouble 
over  unionism. 

Transition  of  Methods 

Many  of  the  early  miners  at  the  Home- 
stake  were  from  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  and 
as  in  a  great  many  other  camps,  the  early 
mining  is  a  record  of  Comstock  methods 
— a  desire  to  square-set  everything.  Even 
today  there  are  timbered  stopes  still  un- 
filled, and  which  will  stand  open,  no 
doubt,  long  after  the  square-set  timbers 
rot  and  fall  apart.  Later,  when  the  sys- 
tem nf  "open-stope"  for  filled-stope  min- 
ing was  adopted,  still  clinging  to  the  old 
idea  of  putting  in  the  timber,  the  entire 
sill  floor  was  square  set,  supposedly  for 
the  purpose  of  keeping  the  haulage  gang- 
ways from  swinging.  Fig.  I  shows  a  sill 
floor  cut  out  and  timbered  on  this  old 
plan;  the  stope  is  ready  to  be  worked. 
With  this  method  no  lagging  was  used 
over  the  timbers,  except  to  protect  the 
gangways,  and  it  is  said  that  the  amount 
of  timber  that  was  crushed   and  broken 


Orebody  500  Feet  Wide  in  Places 
In  considering  the  operations  at  the 
Homestake,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  main  ledge  is  so  wide  throughout 
most  of  its  extent  that  the  stopes  must 
be  carried  across  the  orebody  instead  of 
along  its  strike.  In  other  words,  the 
hanging-and-foot  walls  are  the  ends  of 
the  stopes  instead  of  their  side  walls. 
The  width  to  which  stopes  are  best 
worked  parallel  to  the  strike  varies  with 
the  nature  of  the  wall  rocks,  but  it  may 
be  stated  that  as  a  general  thing  when 
the  ledge  attains  a  width  of  more  than 
80  ft.,  it  has  been  considered  best  to  lay 
out  the  stope  across  the  orebody.  In 
many  places  the  orebody  is  over  400  ft. 
wide.  The  No.  1  North  stope  on  the 
700- ft.  level  was  60x520  ft.  on  the  sill 
floor.  This  stope  was  worked  with  square 
sets.  In  working  the  level  above  the 
900,  stopes  were  carried  60  ft.  wide  from 
foot-  to  hanging-wall,  and  pillars  of  60- 
ft.  width  were  left  between  stopes.  More 
recently,  however,  60- ft.   stopes  and   42- 


a  plan  of  one  of  the  stopes  worked  by 
this   new   scheme. 

The  orebody  is  first  developed  by  a 
drift,  as  shown.  Laterals,  or  crosscuts, 
are  then  turned  off  at  102-ft.  centers  and 
run  through  to  the  walls.  Simultaneous- 
ly, the  stope  sills  being  cut  out  by  driv- 
ing across  between  the  pillar  crosscuts 
and  breaking  out  to  the  full  60-ft.  width. 
The  crosscuts  pass  through  the  center  of 
the  pillars,  and  at  30-  to  35-ft.  centers 
connections  to  serve  as  draw  holes  are 
broken  through  to  the  stope.  These 
crosscuts  are  connected  with  the  foot- 
wall  drifts,  serving  as  main  haulage 
ways.  The  stopes  are  then  worked  up, 
just  enough  ore  being  drawn  so  as  to 
keep  the  drillers  within  reach  of  the 
back.  One  or  more  manways,  depend- 
ing upon  the  conditions,  is  carried  up 
with  each  stope.  By  maintaining  the 
foot-wall  drifts  and  tapping  stopes 
through  crosscuts  in  the  pillars,  timber- 
ing is  practically  eliminated  in  the  first 
stage   of  the   mining. 


July  9.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


75 


//)   /Hangi,ng 


F)jbt 
/Wall 


Fig.  1.  Old  Method  of  Timbering  Stope  Sill  Floors 


m  , 


A'.L 


!  IG.  -.  Timbered  Crosscuts  on  bidi:  ot  Slopes 


i/////////////^,.. 


mmmw//////////y.. 

Fig.  3.  Timberless  Sloping  through  I'lllar  Crosscuts 


i^    \^ 


Porphyry 


u^ 


Permanent  Foot  Wall  Drift 


Fig.  4.   Sill-floor  Plan  Showing  Method  of  Opening  Stopcs 

2^  A'n^iMvn'n^r  4  MiKU^  Jamrtml 


The  stopes  are  usually  carried  up  to 
within  20  ft.  or  so  of  the  level  above; 
the  back,  or  crown,  being  removed  after 
the  stope  has  been  completely  emptied 
of  ore  and  filled  with  waste.  The  backs 
are  taken  up  in  small  sections  of  24  or 
30  ft.,  using  square-set  timbers.  On  the 
300  level,  No.  1  Pierce  stope,  the  back 
was  being  taken  out  at  the  time  of  my 
visit.  This  stope  is  about  100  ft.  wide 
and  200  ft.  long,  and  the  back  was  prob- 
ably 30  ft,  thick.  A  hole  was  broken 
through  on  the  foot-wall,  where  the  ore 
is  generally  of  better  grade  and  the  rock 
benched  back  toward  the  hanging.  Fin- 
ally about  three  sets  of  timber  were  put 
in  next  to  the  foot-wall,  and  under  the 
remainder  of  the  crown,  which  was  then 
carefully  worked  out  to  the  hanging-wall. 
In  breaking  out  the  crown,  the  ore  is  left 
across  both  ends  of  the  stope  so  as  to 
form  a  supporting  arch,  until  the  tim- 
bers are  under  the  hanging-wall  portion. 
This  work  is  dangerous  and  requires 
careful    watching. 

It  is  planned  to  take  out  the  pillars, 
even  in  the  lower  workings,  by  working 
them  in  small  sections  of  square-set  tim- 
bered stopes.  This  will  be  the  second 
stage  of  mining  at  the  Homestake.  Af- 
ter the  ore  Is  drawn  from  the  primary 
stopes  the  sides  against  the  pillars  are 
laced  up  with  lagging  set  vertically,  to 
which  slabs  laid  horizontally  are  nailed. 
A  section  of  lacing  is  put  up,  then  waste 
run  in  from  above  until  this  section  is 
filled;  another  section  of  lacing  Is  placed, 
more  waste  run  in,  etc.  Doubtless,  by  the 
time  the  pillars  are  removed  the  slabs  will 
in  many  cases,  be  rotted,  but  they  serve 
to  catch  up  the  waste  as  square  sets 
are  put  in  the  pillar  or  secondary  stopes. 
In  all  cases  the  crown  over  the  original 
stopes  must  be  taken  out  before  the  pil- 
lars are  worked,  or  else  this  ore  would 
probably  be  lost  by  caving,  there  being 
no  support  on  the  sides  of  the  stope. 

Breaking    the   Ore 

Up  to  date,  only  large  piston  drills 
have  been  used  for  breaking  ore  in  the 
Homestake  mine.  (Trials  are  now  being 
run  with  several  makes  of  sloping,  air- 
hammer  drills.)  By  putting  in  long  holes 
and  picking  favorable  places,  huge 
masses  of  rock  ore  slabbed  down.  It  is 
this  tendency  of  the  ore  to  break  large 
that  accounts  for  the  great  amount  of 
shoveling  necessary.  The  ore  will  not 
run  through  chutes,  and  at  each  gate 
hole  blockers  with  "Jap"  plugger  drills 
are  kept  busy  drilling  and  breaking  the 
ore  so  that  it  can  be  handled  into  the 
cars. 

An  idea  of  the  amount  of  powder  used 
in  breaking  rock  is  interesting  as  showing 
the  conditions  and  efficiency  of  the  min- 
ing. During  one  recent  10-day  period, 
the  average  powder  consumption  was 
0.94  lb.  per  car  (a  car  holds  approxi- 
mately one  ton  of  rock,  19'/.  cu.ft.).  This 
average  was  made  up  from  figures  show- 


76 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,   1910 


ing  a  variation  of  from  0.54  lb  on  sur- 
face, glory-hole  work,  to  3.06  lb.  on  the 
1400.  and  3.02  lb.  on  the  1550-ft.  levels, 
where  most  of  the  work  was  in  develop- 
ment and  cutting  out  sill  floor  of  slopes. 
No.  2,  or  40  per  cent.,  dynamite  is  gen- 
erally used.  Powder  costs  the  Home- 
stake  company  nearly  S600  per  24  hours. 
Each  day  over  1000  cars  of  waste  are 
brought  into  the  mine  through  waste 
chutes  extended  from  the  open  cuts 
shown  in  an  accompanying  photograph, 
to  the  various  working  levels  of  the  mine. 
The  north  open  cut  is  about  2000  ft. 
long;  the  south  one  nearer  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  in  length.  There  are  seven  main 
waste  chutes.  The  opencut  is  at  present 
supplying  about  400  cars  of  ore  per  day. 
The  last  annual  report  of  the  Homestakc 
company  shows  that  the  total  operating 
cost  per  ton  of  ore  milled  and  mined  was 
S2.73,  this  on  a  4125  daily  tonnage.  The 
cost  of  mining,  exclusive  of  machine- 
shop  and  shaft  work  and  of  all  general 
items  of  expense  was  $1.5862  per  ton, 
made  up  as  follows:  Candles,  $0.0265; 
fuel,  0.0017;  lumber,  0.0262;  labor, 
1.1674;  machinery,  0.1293;  oil,  0.0022; 
powder.  0.1321;  timber,  0.0778;  sundries, 
0.0229.  These  figures  show  that  of  the 
total  cost  of  breaking  ore,  73.5  per  cent, 
is  expended  for  labor,  8.3  for  powder, 
and  only  6.5  per  cent,  of  the  total  for 
timbering  of  all  kinds.  Labor  at  the 
Homestake  costs  S3  per  day  for  tram- 
mers and  shovelers,  and  S3.50  for  ma- 
chine men.  The  labor  union  is  not  rec- 
ognized. 

Mining  Conditions  at  the  Homestake 

Conditions  at  the  Homestake  are  ideal 
for  the  operation  of  shrinkage  stopes, 
the  ore  being  tough  enough  to  present 
a  back  under  which  the  men  may  work 
with  safety  and  the  walls  being  good  and 
tight.  Caving  is  the  only  other  mining 
method  that  might  seem  applicable  for 
working  such  an  immense  low-grade  de- 
posit at  a  profit.  This,  however,  is  not 
feasible  as  the  ore  is  too  tough  and  hard. 
In  places  near  the  surface  immense  por- 
tions of  the  orebody  have  been  broken 
away,  and  after  years  of  crushing  and 
packing,  are  not  yet  sufficiently  broken 
up  so  that  the  ore  will  run  in  chutes. 
In  these  places  a  small  square-set  stope 
is  run  up  a  few  sets,  a  grizzly  put  in 
at  the  top  and  rock  blasted  down,  being 
run  for  waste  or  ore,  according  to  its 
character. 

DiscL'ssioN  OF  System 

The  objection  to  the  methods  em- 
ployed in  this  great  mine  is,  of  course, 
that  of  the  excessive  amount  of  shov- 
eling necessitated.  Every  bit  of  ore 
milled  is  mucked  into  cars  by  hand,  and 
this  alone  means  a  cost  of  close  to  20c. 
per  ton  of  rock  handled.  As  stated  above, 
the  cost  of  labor  amounts  to  almost 
three-fourths  of  the  total  mine-operating 
cost.     Many   efforts  have   been   made   to 


overcome  this  excessive  labor  consump- 
tion for  shoveling,  but  as  yet  no  satis- 
factory solution  has  been  reached.  How- 
ever, just  now  over  one-half  of  the  ore 
is  recovered  without  the  use  of  timber- 
ing, whereas  formerly  everything  was 
worked  with  square  sets.  Doubtless  when 
the  margin  of  profit  on  the  ore  begins  to 
get  smaller,  some  scheme  for  cutting 
down  this  excessive  labor  cost  will  be 
forthcoming.  Shoveling  has  already  bpen 
eliminated  in  many  places  under  some- 
what similar  conditions.  T.  J.  Grier  is 
in  charge  of  operations  at  the  Home- 
stake;  Richard  Blackston  is  assistant  su- 
perintendent and  chief  engineer;  Bruce 
C.  Yates,  mining  engineer;  A.  J.  M.  Ross, 
surveyor;  and  W.  S.  O'Brien,  general 
mine   foreman. 


The  Redjang    Lebong    Mine, 
Dutch  East  Indies 


Special  Correspondence 


The  most  important  gold  mine  in  the 
Dutch  East  Indies  is  the  Redjang  Lebong, 
situated  in  the  southern  half  of  the  island 
of  Sumatra.  This  mine  has  communica- 
tion by  a  road  105  miles  long  with  Ben- 
koelen,  a  port  on  the  west  coast.  At  the 
time  when  the  old  native  workings  upon 
this  reef  were  first  visited  by  Europeans, 
in  1896,  the  country  was  wild  and  the 
natives  only  nominally  under  the  control 
of  the  Dutch  government.  Now,  how- 
ever, in  the  vicinity  of  the  mine  the  land 
is  under  cultivation  and  the  people  are 
prosperous  and  not  only  able  but  also 
willing  to  pay  the  taxes  which  the  govern- 
ment has  been  bold  enough  to  levy. 

Dividends  of  £750,000  have  been  dis- 
tributed, of  which  £170,000  were  paid  last 
year.  In  addition,  a  surplus  of  about 
£100.000  has  been  reserved. 

Geology  of  Orebody 

The  reef  at  the  Redjang  Lebong  is  a 
deposition  of  auriferous  quartz  along  a 
pronounced  fracture  which  apparently  oc- 
curs in  a  narrow  zone  of  Pre-Tertiary 
andesite,  bounded  on  the  foot-wall  side 
by  a  rock  of  rhyolitic  character,  and  a 
zone  of  clay  on  the  hanging-wall.  The 
clay  is  apparently  but  a  surface  deposit 
such  as  might  grade,  with  greater  depth, 
into  a  more  compact  and  homogeneous 
country  rock,  possibly  the  andesite  above 
mentioned.  Although  the  reef  shows  in 
its  better  portion  a  decided  banded  struct- 
ure, its  limits,  especially  the  foot-wall, 
have  to  be  determined  by  assay.  Pay 
ore  is  found  in  the  andesite  wall  but 
where  the  quartz  occurs  in  the  rhyolite, 
even  near  the  richer  portions  of  the  reef, 
the  gold  contents  completely  disappear. 

The  average  width  of  the  reef  mined 
is  about  40  ft.  and  this  average  holds 
over  a  length  of  about  1000  ft.  Beyond 
this  the  vein  filling  gradually  diminishes, 
although  the  fracture  zone  may  be  traced 
for  a  considerable   distance  in  a  north- 


westerly and  southeasterly  direction.  The  ^ 
orebody  has  maintained  the  dimensions 
given  from  level  to  level  but  the  value 
of  the  ore  has  become  less  with  depth  as 
is  shown  by  the  following  figures:  Sur- 
face level,  about  15  dwt.  gold;  first  level, 

20  dwt.;  second,  21  dwt.;  third,-  15.5 
dwt.;  fourth,  14.3  dwt.  The  figure  given 
for  the  fourth  level  refers  to  the  develop- 
ment to  date,  upon  that  level,  but  the  other 
figures  are  for  the  complete  development 
of  the  orebody  on  the  respective   levels. 

Production 
Up  to  the  end  of  1909,  466,620  tons 
of  ore  had  been  crushed,  yielding  419,235 
oz.  of  gold  and  enough  silver  to  bring 
the  total  value  up  to  about  £2,100,000. 
The  gold  recovery  was  thus  about  18  dwt. 
per  ton,  and  that  of  the  silver  about  6 
oz.  Allowing  an  average  extraction  of 
85  per  cent,  for  the  gold,  the  original 
value  of  the  ore  must  have  been  about 

21  dwt.  in  gold  in  addition  to  the  silver. 
At  the  end  of  1909  the  ore  reserve  was 
stated  as  307,138  tons  valued  at  18.2  dwt. 
gold  per  ton. 

Mill  Equipment 

The'present  mill  installation  consists  of 
70  stamps,  and  six  tube  mills,  with  a 
leaching  plant  for  the  sands  and  a  filter- 
press  plant  for  the  slimes.  These  havj 
a  combined  capacity  of  about  10,000  tons 
per  month.  At  present  about  8500  tons 
are  being  treated.  As  working  costs  ar; 
reduced  the  limits  of  the  ore  mined  will 
no  doubt  be  broadened  to  take  in  more  ot 
the  mineralized  andesite.  There  is  an 
offshoot  from  the  main  reef  into  the  and- 
esite in  a  southerly  direction  which  car- 
ries an  average  of  3  dwt.  gold  and  some 
silver. 

The  ore  at  the  Redjang  Lebong  is  some- 
what similar  to  that  found  in  New  Zea- 
land, particularly  at  Waihi.  The  pecu- 
liarity of  the  ore  is,  however,  in  the  oc- 
curence of  selenium,  this  metal  generally 
being  found  in  the  cyanide  bullion  to  the 
extent  of  about  2  or  3  per  cent. 
Economic  Conditions 

The  working  cost  for  1909,  exclusive 
of  amounts  written  off  and  the  propor- 
tion paid  to  the  directors,  was  32s. 
(S7.78)  per  ton.  Native  labor  is  re- 
cruited under  contract  from  Java  and  is 
in  general  quite  satisfactory.  The  climate 
i^  good,  the  mine  being  situated  in  a 
mountainous  country  at  an  elevation  of 
about  1500  ft.  above  sea  level.  Rainfall 
is  sufficient  so  that  the  necessary  power 
for  the  operation  of  the  mine  plant  is  ob- 
tained from  neighboring  streams. 

The  Redjang  Lebong  is  by  far  the  most 
important  ore  deposit  opened  in  this  re- 
gion. There  are  in  the  neighborhood, 
however,  two  other  mines,  one  of  which 
has  just  announced  its  second  annual  di- 
vidend, the  other  having  started  its  bat- 
tery of  40  stamps.  These  mines  have  the 
same  natural  advantages  as  has  the  Red- 
jang Lebong  so  that  their  future  devel- 
opment  will  be   watched  with  interest. 


July  y,   HMO. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


77 


Copper  River  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  Alaska 

Line  200  Miles  Long.      Three  Miles  of  Road  on  Baird  Glacier.     Total 
Cost    $13,000,000.      Road    Will    Open    Coal    and    Copper    Districts 


B    Y 


W 


STORM 


The  railroad  now  under  construction 
up  the  Copper  river  in  Alaska  meets 
with  a  combination  of  difficulties  unique 
in  the  history  of  railroading.  Its  im- 
mediate destination  is  the  Kennicott-Bo- 
nanza  mine,  but  it  will  serve  also  the 
whole  Chitina  copper  region,  in  which 
the  Bonanza  mine  is  located,  and,  to 
a  more  limited  extent,  the  remote  in- 
terior lying  north  and  east,  toward  the 
Yukon  country. 

Character  of  Country  Traversed 

The  Chitina  valley  runs  parallel  to  the 
shore  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  90  miles 
inland,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  high, 
rugged     and     glacier-covered     mountam 


eastern  margin  fronting  on  the  terminal 
wall  of  Miles  glacier.  Icebergs  of  con- 
siderable size  break  from  the  glacier  and 
float  gradually  to  the  west  side  of  the 
lake  and  thence  down  the  river.  Below 
the  lake  the  river  flows  west  for  a  mile 
and  then,  turning  south  again,  it  flows 
for  a  mile  or  more  along  the  face  of 
Childs'  glacier,  which  comes  in  from  the 
we.st. 

The    Delta   of   Copper   River 

The  river  finally  emerges  from  the 
foothills  about  two  miles  below  Childs' 
glacier  and  spreads  out  into  its  delta, 
which  is  30  miles  long  and  about  the 
same  width  at  the  seashore.     The  water 


lies  the  Bering  river  or  Controller  bay 
coalfield,  lately  so  prominently  before 
the  public  on  account  of  the  Cunningham 
coal  cases. 

West  of  the  delta,  between  the  moun- 
tains and  the  ocean,  are  low,  swampy 
flats,  extending  about  20  miles  to  Eyak 
lake,  which  is  5  miles  east  and  west, 
with  mountains  both  north  and  south  of 
it.  Half  a  mile  west  of  the  lake  is  the 
shore  of  Cordova  bay,  an  easterly  arm 
of  that  sheltered  body  of  water  known 
as   Prince   William  sound. 

Selection  of  the  Copper  River  Route 

The  sea  terminus  of  the  railroad  is  at 
Cordova,   on   the   shore   of  Cordova  bay. 


Copper  River  &  Northwestern  Railroad  Yard  at 
Cordova,  Alaska 


Piers  for  Main  Bridge  at  the  Upper  Crossing  of  the 
Copper  River 


ii  lin.  known  as  the  Chugach  range,  .^t 
lint  about  100  miles  west  of  the  Can- 
in  boundary  and  the  same  distance 
li  of  the  Pacific  shore,  the  Chitina 
oins  the  Copper  river,  which  then  flows 
;outh,  directly  through  the  mountains  for 
ibout  70  miles.  This  part  of  the  valley 
s  narrow  and  steep  sided,  with  Wood 
:anon  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Chit- 
na,  and  Abercrombie  canon  70  miles  be- 
ow.  Abercrombie  rapids  occupy  the 
ower  two  miles  of  the  cafion  and  are 
mpassable  to  any  kind  of  boat.  Stern- 
vheel  steamers  used  by  the  railroad  com- 
pany to  transport  material  above  the 
■apids  have  been  a  great  aid  to  con- 
struction. 

Below  the  rapids,  the  river  enters  a 
ake,  three  miles  long  by  one  mile  wide, 
ying    north    and    south,    with    its    whole 

•Mlndii:  •■iiulno.-r.    Vnlil«>z.   .Mnskn. 


runs  in  a  number  of  channels  among 
sand  and  gravel  bars,  and  sand  islands 
piled  up  by  the  wind  to  a  hight  of  60  ft. 
or  more  above  high-water  mark.  The 
islands  become  lower  and  flatter  toward 
the  ocean;  t'.iere  is  a  wide  area  of  num 
flats  covered  at  high  tide,  and,  beyond 
this,  shoal  water  extends  for  several 
miles  out  to  sea. 

This  delta  is  a  waste  country,  sub- 
ject to  devastating  floods  in  the  sum- 
mer, while  in  winter  a  blast  of  wind  60 
to  80  miles  per  hour,  and  below  zero  in 
temperature,  scours  down  the  canon  and 
across  the  flats. 

To  the  east  of  the  canon,  a  system  of 
glaciers  extends  for  100  miles  or  more 
to  Mount  St.  Elias,  blocking  all  entrance 
to  thi^  interior.  The  strip  along  the 
shore  is  about  30  miles  wide,  and  in  this 
strip,  backing  up  into  the  mountains  and 
25  to  60  miles  east  of  the  Copper  river. 


Thence  it  runs  east  along  the  south 
.shore  of  Eyak  lake  and  over  the  flats  to 
the  Copper  river.  It  crosses  to  the  east 
bank  to  avoid  Childs'  glacier  and  re- 
crosses  to  avoid  Miles  glacier.  Then, 
after  following  along  the  rapids  and  pass- 
ing through  Abercrombie  canon  it  reaches 
Baird's  glacier,  which  comes  from  the 
west,  barely  down  to  the  river.  The  rail- 
road follows  along  the  edge  of  this  on 
the  ice,  and  leaving  it,  proceeds  up  the 
river  valley.  After  emerging  from  Wood 
canon,  it  will  cross  the  Copper  river  once 
more  just  above  the  mouth  of  the  Chitina, 
and  then  strike  east  along  the  base  of  the 
mountains  north  of  the  Chitina  valley, 
and  will  terminate  near  the  Bonanza 
mine,  with  a  total  length  of  practically 
200  miles. 

This  route  was  chosen  only  after  con- 
siderable hesitation  and  several  starts 
from    other  terminals.      Prospectors   and 


78 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910; 


others  going  into  the  interior  copper 
country  with  dogs  or  otherwise  soon 
gave  up  trying  to  go  up  the  Copper 
river. 

All  travel  into  the  region  was  over  the 
mountains,  by  way  of  Valdez,  at  the  end 
of  the  most  northerly  arm  of  Prince  Wil- 
liam sound.  When  the  discovery  of  the 
Bonanza  mine,  in  1900,  brought  up  the 
question  of  building  a  railroad  into  the 
copper  country,  the  Valdez  route  again 
had  the  preference.  It  was  thought  that 
the  two  crossings  of  the  Copper  river 
could  not  be  maintained  in  safety  owing 
to  the  yearly  menace  of  the  ice  breakup 
in  the  spring;  the  sudden  floods  in  sum- 
mer; the  high  winds  in  winter;  and  it 
was  held  to  be  extremely  hazardous  to 
attempt  to  maintain  a  railroad  across  a 
glacier,  which  was  constantly  melting 
and  moving  slowly  into  the  river. 

A  number  of  railroads  were  started 
from  Valdez,  among  others  one  by  the 
Copper  River  &  Northwestern  Company 
in  1905  but  as  time  passed,  the  terrors 
of  the  Copper  river  came  to  be  consid- 
ered less  formidable,  and  in  1906  the 
ideal  grades  which  it  affords,  together 
with  the  opportunity  of  building  to  the 
Controller  bay  coalfield  and  to  the  ni- 
terior  from  the  one  terminus,  decided 
the  Northwestern  company  to  adopt  the 
Copper  river  route.  The  terminus  se- 
lected was  Katalla,  about  20  miles  east 
of  the  delta,  on  account  of  its  nearness 
to  the  coal  and  to  avoid  the  lower  cross- 
ing of  the  river.  Construction  from  this 
point  was  pushed  during  1907,  but  in  the 
fall  of  that  year  it  was  decided  that  the 
the  breakwater  to  be  built,  in  order  to 
make  a  suitable  harbor,  would  be  too 
costly  and  the  results  too  uncertain.  Ac- 
cordingly, the  terminus  was  moved  to 
Cordova,  the  nearest  available  natural 
harbor,  where  the  rights  of  a  rival  com- 
pany operating  in  1906  had  already  been 
secured.  Since  then  the  work  has  pro- 
gressed steadily  without  further  change. 
Cordova  as  a  Seaport 

The  town  of  Cordova  lies  on  a  broken 
hillside,  about  a  mile  from  the  main  rail- 
road wharf,  and  is  connected  with  it  by 
a  wagon  road,  half  of  which  is  on  a  pile 
trestle  over -mud  flats.  Most  of  the  bay 
is  shallow,  and  there  are  broad  areas 
of  flats  bare  at  low  tide,  but  the  wharf 
fronts  on  a  channel  of  deep  water  which 
affords  a  good  harbor  at  all  times.  This 
wharf  is  about  700  ft.  long  by  80  ft.  wide, 
and  is  of  the  ordinary  type,  resting  on 
a  foundation  of  creosoted  piles.  After 
leaving  this  wharf  and  passing  along  the 
foot  of  the  mountains,  mostly  on  high 
trestle  work  over  mud  flats,  the  railroad 
passes  on  to  the  level  ground  between 
Eyak  lake  and  the  bay.  Here  the  offices 
of  the  company  are  located,  occupying 
the  site  and  some  of  the  buildings  of  an 
old  salmon  cannery  at  the  head  of  an 
inlet.  Shallow-draft  boats  can  beach 
here  at  high  tide.  The  rest  of  the  area, 
about  200  acres,   is  the   site  of  the  old 


town  of  Cordova,  but  is  now  occupied  by 
the    railroad    shops    and    yards. 

Construction  across  Marshes 

Construction  along  the  lake  and  across 
the  flats  to  the  river  was  not  difficult,  but 
was  slow,  owing  to  the  marshes  being  in- 
tersected by  numerous  turbulent  streams 
heading  in  the  glaciers  five  to  10  miles 
back  in  the  mountains.  Work  could  be 
done  simply  at  the  end  of  track,  on 
account  of  the  difficulty  of  transporting 
material  ahead  of  construction.  The 
track  was  laid  on  brush  and  temporary 
corduroy,  in  order  to  get  along  as  quick- 
ly as  possible  and  was  afterward 
brought  up  to  grade,  6  or  8  ft.  above  the 
general  level,  by  hauling  in  gravel  ana 
filling  under  the  ties. 

As  originally  planned,  the  lower  cross- 


49,  where  a  four-span  steel  bridge,  the: 
most  notable  engineering  feature  of  the 
road,  is  under  construction.  Its  total 
length  is  1550  ft.,  made  up  of  two  spans, 
of  400  ft.,  one  of  450  ft.  and  one  of 
300  ft.  The  top  of  the  rails  is  40  ft. 
above  high  water.  The  piers  and  abut- 
ments are  of  concrete  and  rest  on  a  firm 
stratum  of  gravel,  cemented  by  clay  into 
a  mass  that  can  hardly  be  worked  with 
a  pick.  This  is  50  to  60  ft.  below  the 
river  bed  and  was  reached  by  sinking 
caissons  through  thinner  layers  of  the 
same  material,  interbedded  with  layers 
of  sand.  The  greatest  pressure  reached 
in  the  caissons  was  about  30  lb.  per 
square    inch. 

The  caissons  were  sunk  during  the  low 
water  of  the  late  summer,  but  the  rais- 
ing of  the  steel  was  accomplished  most- 


Copper  River  Region,  Alaska,  Showing  Route  of  the  Copper  River  &  North- 
western Railroad 


ing  of  the  Copper  river  was  to  be  at  the 
head  of  the  delta,  but  this  necessitated 
some  heavy  rock  work  in  following  the 
river,  and  the  foundation  to  be  had  for 
the  great  bridge  that  would  have  been 
necessary  was  not  satisfactory.  The 
crossing  was  therefore  placed  lower 
down,  using  the  large  sand  islands  for 
stepping  stones.  The  crossing  is  12  miles 
in  length,  beginning  at  Mile  27  and  strik- 
ing diagonally  across  and  up  the  delta 
to  Mile  39,  and  is  accomplished  by  means 
of  steel  bridges  and  pile  trestles.  There 
are  two  steel  spans  of  300  ft.,  one  of 
260  ft.,  four  of  175  ft.  and  two  of  150 
ft.;  and  24  wooden  trestle  bridges  ag- 
gregating   11,850   feet. 

Construction  of  Copper  River  Bridge 

From   Mile  39,  the   road   proceeds  up 
the   river  to   the   upper  crossing  at   Mile 


ly  from  the  ice,  during  the  past  winter,, 
most  of  the  time  in  a  howling  blizzard. 
The  total  cost  of  this  bridge  will  approxi- 
mate $1,500,000.  It  is  expected  to  be- 
ready  for  trains  by  fall,  and  in  the  mean- 
time they  will  be  ferried,  a  car  or  so  at; 
a  time,  across  the  river. 

Bridge   Designed  to  Resist  Ice  Jams 
and  Wind 

The   chief  dangers   to   the   bridge   are 
from    icebergs,    ice    jams    and    the    high' 
wind.  The  wind  does  not  strike  broadside, 
hut    with    the    long,    high    spans    of   this.  I 
narrow  single-track  bridge  it  is  a  serious- 1 
feature   and  results  in  a  design,  in  which  . 
the  iTicmbcrs  bearing  the  wind  stress  look 
like    the    main    members   of  an   ordinary 
bridge.     It  is  well  understood  that  this  i 
bridge  may  have   to  resist  wind  of   100 
miles  per  hour  velocity. 


July  9,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


79 


To  guard  against  ice,  a  great  block  of 
concrete  has  been  set  up  stream  from 
the  one  pier  which  stands  in  the  main 
channel.  This  has  an  inclined  edge 
pointing  up  stream,  which  will  allow  an 
iceberg  to  slide  along  it,  rising  some- 
what, until  it  is  broken  and  the  pieces  de- 
flected to  either  side  of  the  pier.  The 
bridge  itself  is  high  enough  to  be  out  of 
the  way  of  the  ice.  There  being  only 
one-eighth  of  the  ice  above  water,  any 
iceberg  standing  more  than  15  or  20  ft. 
in  the  air,  goes  aground  somewhere  in 
the  lake  and  breaks  up  before  it  reaches 
the  bridge. 

From  the  bridge  the  road  runs  about 
five  miles  past  the  rapids,  and  at  the  head 
of  these  reaches  a  grade  about  20  ft. 
above  the  highest  known  high  water  in 
the  river,  an  interval  which  it  keeps  all 
the  rest  of  the  way  through  the  caiion. 

Crossing  the    Baird   Glacier 

In  the  neighborhood  of  Mile  CO  is  the 
three-mile  crossing  of  Baird  glacier. 
This  offered  none  of  the  difficulties  that 
were  predicted,  and  there  has  been  little 
trouble  in  maintaining  the  road  over  it. 
The  glacier  is  stagnant  and  is  overlaid 
with  from  five  to  20  ft.  of  earth  and 
broken  rock,  which  has  been  undisturbed 
for  so  long  that  it  is  heavily  overgrown 
with  alders  and  other  bushes.  There  ap- 
pears to  be  less  ice  under  the  track  than 
was  supposed,  and  when  its  melting  al- 
lows the  track  to  settle  a  few  inches,  the 
loose  rock  and  gravel  are  at  hand  to  fill 
under  and  bring  it  up  to  grade. 

There  are  no  difficulties  beyond  this 
small  glacier,  such  as  are  not  continually 
met  in  building  railroad  through  moun- 
tainous country.  The  snowfall  is  heavy 
and  there  is  considerable  danger  of 
slides  in  .Abercrombie  canon  and  else- 
where, necessitating  the  construction  of 
snow  sheds.  The  rock  work  is  heavy  in 
places  for  the  last  30  miles  along  the 
river,  especially  through  Wood  canon. 
The  present  end  of  track  is  at  the  mouth 
of  Tiekel   river  in  Mile   102. 

At  Mile  132,  the  road  will  cross  the 
Copper  river  for  the  third  time  and  pro- 
ceed on  up  the  Chitina.  Up  to  this 
point  the  construction  is  to  be  that  suit- 
able for  a  main  trunk  line.  Seventy- 
pound  rails  are  used;  ties  are  of  Puget 
^ound  fir,  7x8  in.  by  8  ft.,  for  the  first  90 
miles.  The  grades  are  excellent,  being 
ill  in  one  direction,  varying  but  little  and 
fiot  averaging  over  0.5  per  cent.  From 
Cordova  to  Mile  107,  the  grade  rarely 
:xceeds  0.4  per  cent.  From  Mile  107 
0  122  it  is  close  to,  but  does  not  exceed 
).5  per  cent.  The  maximum  is  0.75  per 
:ent.  for  a  stretch  of  three  miles  in  and 
ipproaching  Wood  canon,  at  about  Mile 

Chitina  River  Branch 

The  road  up  the  Chitina  to  the  Bonan- 
l^a  mine  is  in  the  nature  of  a  branch. 
I't  follows   along  the    foothills   three    to 


10  miles  north  of  the  river  to  avoid  the 
deep  narrow  cafions  of  tributaries  cross- 
ing the  wide  plain  of  glacial  debris.  Close 
to  the  hills,  these  canons  are  not  so 
deep,  but  they  are  numerous  and  the 
ground  is  somewhat  rolling.  The  stand- 
ard gage  is  preserved,  but  the  grades 
are  heavier,  reaching  as  much  as  2.5  per 
cent,  for  occasional  stretches.  Native 
hemlock  ties  will  be  used.  The  last  six 
miles  from  the  foot  of  Kennicott  glacier 
to  the  lower  terminal  of  the  aerial  tram, 
which  brings  ore  down  from  the  mine, 
will  be  the  steepest  part  of  the  road, 
some  of  it  3.5  per  cent. 

Source    of   Traffic 

The  total  length  is  195.3  miles.  The 
total  cost,  including  what  has  been  spent 
at  Valdez  and  Katalla,  will  exceed  $13,- 
000,000.  The  greatest  present  resource 
to  furnish  traffic  for  the  road  is  the  Bo- 
nanza mine,  valued  at  between  10  and  20 
million  dollars. 

The  copper  field  in  general,  occupy- 
ing the  northern  drainage  of  the  Chitina 
and  extending  back  from  it  from  10  to 
50  miles,  will  produce  an  increasing 
amount  of  biisiness  as  its  mines  are  de- 
veloped, and  whenever  the  development 
of  the  resources  of  the  upper  Copper 
river  or  some  region  further  north  will 
justify  it,  the  road  can  be  extended  to 
serve  that  country  as  well.  Farming  is 
among   the   possibilities   of  the    region. 

Controller  Bay  Branch 
The  route  to  the  Controller  bay  coal- 
field is  not  decided  upon,  or  at  least,  not 
made  public,  but  it  will  branch  off  from 
the  main  line  at  about  Mile  39  and  pro- 
ceed to  the  coalfields,  either  by  way  of 
Katalla  and  up  to  Bering  lake,  over  a 
pass  less  than  100  ft.  high,  or  by  a  more 
direct  route  up  Martin  river  and  over  a 
pass  400  to  500  ft.  high.  In  either  case 
the  length  of  this  branch,  to  the  remot- 
est accessible  parts  of  the  field,  will  not 
be  over  60  miles,  with  no  serious  ob- 
stacles to  be  overcome.  When  once  tne 
present  uncertainty  regarding  the  dispos- 
al of  Alaska  coal  land  is  cleared  up,  this 
branch  should  be  the  most  profitable  part 
of  the   system. 

Difficulties  of  MpAintenance 
The  difficulties  of  construction  and 
maintenance,  which  were  feared  by  many 
as  insuperable,  have  been  dealt  with 
successfully.  The  worst  trouble  has 
been  on  the  flats  and  the  delta.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1909.  an  overflow  from  the  river 
covered  the  track  for  several  miles,  to  a 
depth  of  three  or  four  feet,  in  places 
where  it  had  not  been  brought  up  to 
grade.  This  froze  solid  and  blocked  the 
road  for  three  weeks.  But  now  that  the 
track  is  up  to  grade,  no  similar  trouble 
is  looked  for.  This  overflow  appears  to 
have  resulted  from  a  subsidence  of  the 
end  of  Miles  glacier,  which  had  stretched 
out  over  the  lake  and  is  believed  to  have 


settled  down  suddenly.  Nearly  all  such 
sudden  rises  in  the  river  have  their  ori- 
gin in  some  glacier  at  the  head  of  a 
tributary.  The  bursting  of  a  glacier  lake 
which  has  been  accumulating  water  for 
months,  or  possibly  years,  can  produce 
a  flood  which  even  the  cloudburst  floods 
of  the  desert  regions  cannot  equal  for 
violence. 

Again,  in  February  of  this  year,  a  bliz- 
zard of  unusual  duration  snowed  in  a 
train  and  snowplow  at  Mile  34  and 
blocked  the  road  for  nearly  three  weeks. 
Avalanches  in  Abercrombie  canon  have 
blocked  the  road  several  times,  but  such 
occurrences  can  be  guarded  against  by 
snowsheds  wherever  it  is  found  that 
there  is  danger  of  them. 

It  will  doubtless  require  several  years 
to  discover  the  best  ways  of  dealing  with 
unusual  conditions  along  the  line.  There 
are  even  persons,  more  or  less  qualified 
to  express  an  opinion,  who  still  predict 
the  ultimate  failure  of  the  road.  How- 
ever, the  majority  of  such  persons  are 
interested  in  other  routes.  The  construc- 
tion progresses  without  serious  interrup- 
tion and  the  engineers  who  have  the  re- 
sponsibility in  the  matter  and  who  have 
investigated  fully,  express  no  uneasiness 
as  to  the  outcome. 


Wet  Assay  for  Vanadium  Ores 

A  rapid  method  of  determining  vanad- 
ium in  ores  is  given  by  P.  y.  Alvarez  in 
Cliem.  Zeit.  From  0.5  to  1  gram  of  the 
finely  ground  ore  is  fused  with  seven  or 
eight  times  its  weight  of  pure,  do'  so- 
dium peroxide,  keeping  the  mixture  at  a 
red  heat  for  about  20  min.  After  ex- 
traction of  the  mass  with  boiling  water, 
the  alkaline  filtrate  is  acidified  with  sul- 
phuric acid,  alcohol  added,  and  without 
filtering  a  current  of  sulphurous  acid  is 
passed  through  until  the  solution  is  near- 
ly saturated.  This  is  necessary  to  effect 
complete  reduction,  especially  if  arsenic 
be  present.  If  necessary  the  blue  liquid 
is  filtered,  and  the  alcohol  and  sulphur- 
ous acid  removed  by  heating  and  passing 
a  current  of  carbon  dioxide  through  the 
solution. 

At  this  stage,  if  arsenic  is  present  the 
solution  is  treated  with  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, the  arsenic  sulphide  filtered  off 
and  the  excess  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen 
expelled  by  boiling.  The  vanadium  solu- 
tion, which  should  be  of  approximately 
1  per  cent,  strength,  is  titrated  with  po- 
tassium permanganate.  As  a  check,  a 
solution  of  ammonium  metavanadate 
from  which  the  ammonia  has  been  ex- 
pelled by  caustic  soda,  is  treatei  under 
precisely  similar  conditions  with  regard 
to  concentration,  acidity  and  temperature. 
The  oxidation  of  the  hypovanadic  acid  to 
vanadic  acid  is  considered  complete  when 
the  change  from  the  blue  to  pink  color 
is  permanent. 


80 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


Laborers  in  the  Bituminous  Coal  Industry 

Only  a   Small  Percentage  of  Our  Foreign  Miners  Have  Had  Training 
Abroad  to  Fit  Them  for  Mining.     Average  Yearly  Earnings  About  $443 

SLAVIC      RACE      PREDOMINATES 


Senator  Dillingham,  chairman  of  the 
United  States  Immigration  Commission, 
has  presented  to  the  Senate  the  first  in- 
stalment of  a  report  on  the  bituminous 
coal-mining  industry  in  the  United  States, 
prepared  for  the  commission  under  the 
direction  of  W.  J.  Lauck,  superintendent 
of  agents.  The  work  done  by  the  com- 
mission on  the  bituminous-coal  industry 
will  be  published  in  three  parts,  one 
dealing  with  general  conditions  in  the 
industry  as  a  whole,  one  with  the  con- 
ditions in  the  Pennsylvania  field,  and 
one  with  the  Southern  and  Western  fields. 
The  instalment  now  ready  for  publica- 
tion is  an  outline  view  of  the  situation 
in  the  industry  the  country  over.  It  is 
of  special  interest  because  of  the  fact 
that  this  is  the  first  of  the  commission's 
reports  upon  purely  industrial  phases  of 
immigration.  Former  reports  have  treated 
the  statistical  or  social  aspects  of  the 
question,  but  the  commission  is  now 
ready  to  begin  the  publication  of  the 
economic  investigations  which  have  con- 
stituted an  important  portion  of  its  in- 
quiries. 

The  method  adopted  in  the  coal  re- 
port is  typical  of  that  followed  through- 
out the   industrial   inquiries. 

In  preparing  the  report  there  has  first 
been  presented  a  brief  summary  state- 
ment of  the  facts  and  conditions  devel- 
oped by  the  investigation.  Then  a  di- 
vision is  made  following  the  distribution 
of  the  bituminous-mining  industry  in  the 
United  States.  This  is  with  the  idea  of 
showing  the  difference  in  working  and 
other  conditions  in  the  different  sections 
of  the  country  in  order  to  show  the  status 
of  the  various  races  under  different  en- 
vironments, and  to  exhibit  relative  in- 
ducements to  immigration  offered  by  the 
different  sections  of  the  country.  Final- 
ly, representative  communities  were  se- 
lected for  intensive  study  in  order  that 
a  verification  of  the  tendencies  exhibited 
by  the  more  extended  tabulations  might 
be  had,  that  direct  effects  of  recent  im- 
migration upon  American  life  and  insti- 
tutions not  covered  by  the  statistical 
tables  might  be  presented,  and  that  more 
definite  conclusions  as  to  the  economic 
eflfecfs  of  immigration  might  be  reached. 

The  investigation  in  Arkansas,  Texas, 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee  was  not,  how- 
ever, made  in  as  great  detail  as  in  other 
States,  because  a  preliminary  survey  re- 
vealed the  fact  that  comparatively  small 
numbers  of  recent  immigrants  were  em- 
ployed in  these  States.  Although  it  had 
originally  been  planned  to  study  the  coke 
industry   in   conjunction   with   the  bitum- 


inous mining  and  to  embody  the  results 
in  a  separate  report,  it  was  later  found 
necessary  to  include  in  the  tabulations 
of  bituminous-coal  mining,  the  returns 
secured  from  employees  of  coke  works, 
and  to  make  no  distinction,  except  in 
historical  and  descriptive  matter,  between 
mines  engaged  exclusively  in  the  produc- 
tion of  coal  and  mines  having  coke  ovens 
in  connection  with  their  coal  operations. 

Subject  Is  Treated  Economically  and 
Statistically 

In  the  section  of  the  report  on  the 
bituminous-coal  industry  made  public  by 
Senator  Dillingham,  the  subject  is  first 
treated  economically  and  statistically, 
then  descriptively.  After  reviewing  the 
general  conditions  in  the  industry  and  the 
growth  of  the  production  of  coal,  the  re- 
port turns  to  the  racial  situation  in  the 
mines  and  considers  the  question  of  dis- 
placements of  given  racial  groups  of 
workers  by  others.  It  then  analyzes  in 
great  detail  the  economic  or  wage  status 
of  the  immigrant  coal  miners  and  de- 
scribes the  conditions  under  which  the 
occupation  of  mining  is  carried  on  in  ac- 
tual practice.  From  this  it  passes  to  a 
detailed  study  of  the  housing  and  living 
conditions  of  the  miners  and  to  full  de- 
scription of  literacy,  age  and  conjugal 
condition  of  the  various  groups  of  miners 
studied.  The  extent  to  which  the  immi- 
grant miners  are  being  assimilated  to  the 
civilization  of  this  country  is  dealt  with 
in  the  concluding  section  of  the  mono- 
graph, and  the  opinions  there  reached 
are  based  upon  analysis  of  educational 
conditions,  naturalization  and  other  fac- 
tors which  tend  to  determine  whether 
the  immigrant  shall  remain  a  foreigner 
in  thought  and  action  or  become  an 
American  citizen.  The  significance  of 
the  work  thus  completed  is  evident  when 
it  is  understood  that  the  individuals  who 
have  been  directly  studied  in  the  course 
of  the  investigation  constitute  about  one- 
fourth  of  the  total  number  employed  in 
the  industry,  so  that  there  can  be  no 
doubt  of  the  representative  character  of 
the   results   reached. 

Starting  with  the  production  of  coal, 
the  report  on  the  bituminous  industry 
shows  that  the  output  has  increased  from 
6,494,200  short  tons  in  I860  to  332,573,- 
944  short  tons  in  1908,  while  at  the  same 
time  the  coal-producing  area  has  been 
greatly  expanded.  Today,  it  is  shown, 
Pennsylvania  produces  3,'^.2  per  cent,  of 
the  total  output;  West  Virginia,  12.6  per 
cent.;  Illinois,  14.3;  Alabama.  3  per  cent., 
etc.     The  production  of  Ohio,  which  was 


19.5  per  cent,  of  the  total  output  of  the 
United  States  in  1860,  is  now  only  3.5 
per  cent.,  although  the  number  of  tons 
turned  out  in  that  State  is  larger  now 
than   it  was  then. 

The  exact  number  of  employees 
studied  in  the  industry  as  a  whole  was 
88,368,  of  whom  one-fifth  were  native 
whites  born  of  native  father,  while  7.6 
per  cent,  were  native-born  negroes.  One- 
tenth,  or  9.5  per  cent.,  were  native-born 
children  of  foreign  fathers.  Persons 
born  abroad  constituted  61.9  per  cent,  of 
the  total.  More  than  four-fifths  of  the 
children  of  the  second  generation — na- 
tive born  of  foreign  fathers — are  children 
of  immigrants  originally  from  England, 
Ireland.  Scotland,  Wales,  Germany, 
France,  Belgium,  Sweden  and  Canada, 
but  only  about  one  per  cent.,  of  these 
second-generation  immigrants  were  chil- 
dren of  fathers  originally  from  Austria- 
Hungaiy,  Russia,  Italy  and  other  coun- 
tries of  southern  and  eastern  Europe. 

The  Slovak   Is  Most   Extensively 
Employed 

Analysis  of  the  figures  obtained  for 
the  miners  of  foreign  birth  shows  that, 
of  all  races  of  recent  immigrants,  the 
Slovak  is  most  extensively  employed  in 
bituminous  mining,  about  one-eighth  of 
the  total  number  who  furnished  informa- 
tion being  members  of  that  race.  The 
Poles  and  Italians  come  next  in  number, 
the  former  being  one-twelfth  and  the 
North  Italians  and  South  Italians  com- 
bined, one-eighth  of  the  total  number. 
The  Magyars,  Croatians,  Russians  and 
Slovenians  rank  next,  as  a  group.  Sum- 
marizing the  results  obtained,  it  is  seen 
that  about  one-fourth  or  one-fifth  of  the 
total  number  of  employees  in  the  indus- 
try are  American  whites,  about  one-fif- 
teenth are  negroes,  about  one-tenth  are 
immigrants  of  the  second  generation, 
principally  descendants  of  English,  Irish, 
Scotch,  Welsh  and  German  immigrants  ^ 
of  past  periods,  and  from  one-half  to 
three-fifths  of  the  total  number  of  min-  ' 
ers  are  members  of  races  of  recent  im- 
migration. 

The  investigation  dealt  not  only  with 
individuals,  but  with  households,  and  an 
important  part  of  the  work  was  an  inten- 
sive study  of  living  conditions  in  the  2371 
households  from  which  information  cov- 
ering 14,229  persons  was  secured.  This 
investigation  showed  that  in  the  house- 
holds studied,  94.6  per  cent,  of  the  per- 
sons were  foreign-born.  In  this  I 
household  group  it  appears  that  thei 
Slovaks,  Poles,   North  Italians  and  Mag- 


July  9.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


81 


yars,  each  reporting  over  10  per  cent., 
constitute  57.7  per  cent,  of  the  total  num- 
ber of  persons  from  whom  information 
was  obtained,  these  proportions  ranging 
from  19.7  per  cent,  for  the  Slovaks  to 
10.6  per  cent,  for  the  Magyars.  The 
South  Italians  show  the  next  largest  pro- 
portion, or  9.1  per  cent.,  followed  by  the 
Lithuanians  and  Croatians  with  7.2  and 
6.6  per  cent.,  respectively,  while  the  pro- 
portions of  the  other  races  range  from 
2.1  per  cent,  each  of  the  Germans,  Irish 
and  Ruthenians,  to  0.4  per  cent,  of  the 
French   and   Roumanians. 

A  comparison  of  the  proportions  of 
these  persons  for  whom  detailed  infor- 
mation was  secured  according  to  sex  dis- 
closes the  fact  that  the  proportion  of 
foreign-born  over  native-born  males  is 
slightly  larger  than  the  proportion  of  for- 
eign-born over  native-born  females. 
Among  males,  94.4  per  cent,  of  whom 
are  foreign-born,  the  Slovaks  with  18.8 
per  cent.,  show  the  largest  proportion, 
followed  by  the  Poles,  North  and  South 
Italians  and  Magyars,  each  reporting 
proportions  in  excess  of  10  per  cent. 
With  the  exception  of  the  Lithuanians 
and  Croatians,  who  show  7  and  4.8  per 
cent.,  respectively,  none  of  the  remain- 
ing foreign-born  races  reports  a  propor- 
tion of  the  total  number  of  males  in 
excess  of  2.4  per  cent.  Of  the  total 
number  of  females  for  whom  detailed 
information  was  secured,  92.7  per  cent. 
are  foreign  born,  as  compared  with  7.3 
per  cent,  who  are   native  born. 

In    Pennsylvania    Foreigners 
Predominate 

The  bituminous  investigation  shows 
that  in  Pennsylvania  the  preponderating 
number  of  mine  employees  have  been 
of  foreign  origin  ever  since  1870.  At 
first  the  operating  force  of  the  mines 
was  made  up  of  native  whites  and  rep- 
resentatives of  the  English,  Scotch,  Irish, 
Welsh  and  German  races,  the  miners 
from  Great  Britain  and  Germany  being 
usually  trained  men  who  had  had  ex- 
perience in  the  industry  before  they  left 
home.  Immigrants  from  southern  and 
eastern  Kurope  began  to  arrive  about 
1880,  the  Slovaks  coming  first,  and  then 
the  Magyars.  After  1890,  Poles  began 
t"  be  employed,  then  in  1895,  Italians, 
and  in   1900  Croatians. 

During  the  past  10  years  practically 
.ill  new  labor  for  the  mines  has  been  ob- 
tained from  southern  and  eastern 
Europe.  The  report  shows  that  during 
recent  years  the  races  of  the  older  im- 
migration have  been  increasingly  dis- 
placed by  the  newer  immigrants.  At 
present,  practically  no  natives  or  Eng- 
lish, Irish,  Scotch.  Welsh  or  Germans  of 
the  first  or  second  generation  are  enter- 
ing the  Pennsylvania  bituminous  mines. 
In  the  Middle  West,  the  demand  for  la- 
bor has  been  supplied  by  immigrants 
from  Europe  and  Great  Britain.  The 
mines  of  this  section,  however,  drew  up- 


on the  Pennsylvania  fields  for  their  labor 
to  a  marked  extent,  although  during  the 
decade  1890  to  1900  there  was  a  change 
in  the  racial  composition  of  the  miners, 
the  older  immigrants  being  driven  to  the 
Southwest,  especially  to  Kansas  and  Ok- 
lahoma. 

Thirty-two    Races    Employed 

Prior  to  1895,  the  number  of  immi- 
grants from  southern  and  eastern  Europe 
who  went  to  Oklahoma  and  Kansas  was 
very  small,  but  they  are  now  being  em- 
ployed there  in  large  numbers.  Thirty- 
two  races  of  foreign  birth  are  now  em- 
ployed in  the  mines  of  the  Southwest. 
In  the  .Alabama  field,  immigration  began 
20  years  ago  with  the  coming  of  the 
Scotch,  English  and  Welsh  miners.  Soon 
afterward,  Slovaks,  Poles,  French,  Irish 
and  a  few  Italians  arrived.  Latterly,  the 
immigration  has  included  Italians,  Bul- 
garians, French,  Scotch  and  many  Rus- 
sians, Croatians  and  allied  races.  Twen- 
ty-nine races  are  at  present  employed  in 
the  Birmingham  region. 

Similar  conditions  exist  in  the  Virginia 
and  West  Virginia  fields.  Tabulations  of 
54,300  employees,  representing  44  spe- 
cified races  among  the  miners,  shows  that 
2569,  or  37.9  per  cent.,  have  been  in  the 
United  States  under  5  years;  16,088,  or 
29.6  per  cent,  have  been  here  from  5  to 
9  years;  4582,  or  8.4  per  cent,  have  been 
here  from  10  to  14  years;  4875,  or  9 
per  cent,  from  15  to  19  years;  and  8186, 
or  15.1  per  cent.,  have  been  here  20 
years  or  longer.  This  means  that  67.5 
per  cent.,  or  over  half,  of  all  individuals 
reporting  information  have  been  in  the 
United   States   under    10  years. 

Analysis  of  the  figures  by  races  proves 
conclusively  that  the  races  from  north- 
ern and  western  Europe  are  by  far  the 
larger  part  of  the  men  of  long  periods  of 
residence,  while  the  large  majority  of 
persons  in  the  short-residence  periods 
belong  to  the  southern  and  eastern  Eu- 
ropean races.  The  new  labor  forces  are 
being  recruited  almost  entirely  from 
the  south  and  east  of  Europe.  This  view 
is  corroborated  by  noting  that  within 
the  same  racial  group  but  a  small  per- 
centage of  those  represented  are  found 
in  the  short-residence  periods,  the  ma- 
jority being  persons  of  long  periods  of 
stay  in  the  United  States. 

Average  Yearly  Earnings  Only  $443 

One  of  the  most  notable  features  in 
the  report  is  seen  in  the  showing  made 
with  reference  to  occupations  of  immi- 
grants before  their  arrival  in  the  United 
States.  It  appears  that  the  great  major- 
ity of  the  immigrants  from  southern  and 
eastern  Europe,  in  contradistinction  to 
the  immigrants  of  the  older  immigration, 
who  were  in  many  instances  trained  men. 
had  been  farm  laborers  or  independent 
fanners  before  coming  to  this  country. 
Probably  more  than  two-thirds  were 
farmers  or  farm  laborers,  while  one-six- 


teenth were  common  laborers  abroad,  and 
about  one-fifteenth  were  engaged  in 
hand  trades  of  some  description.  Only 
a  very  small  percentage  had  had  train- 
ing abroad  which  would  fit  them  for 
mining.  It  is  not  strange,  therefore,  to 
find  that  for  3766  male  employees  fur- 
nishing information,  the  average  yearly 
earnings  were  only  $443.  Of  this  num- 
ber, 44.8  per  cent,  earned  less  than  S400, 
85.4  per  cent,  less  than  $600,  and  less 
than  1  per  cent,  earned  *1000  per  year. 
Of  the  total  number,  91.7  per  cent,  were 
foreign-born  and  had  earnings  averaging 
$438,  and  8.3  per  cent,  were  native-born 
with  average  yearly  earnings  of  $497. 
Among  the  persons  who  were  native-born 
of  foreign  father,  the  Irish  showed  the 
highest  average  annual  earnings — S532 — 
followed  by  the  English  with  S527.  the 
Germans,  with  S475,  and  the  Welsh,  with 
$466. 

The  hours  worked  vary  somewhat  with 
different  localities,  depending  in  part  up- 
on whether  the  labor  in  the  different 
places  is  organized  or  not.  In  Pennsyl- 
vania, nonunion  localities,  hours  are 
about  10  per  day  and  60  per  week,  while 
in  the  Middle  West,  where  the  unions 
are  strong,  the  custom  is  8  hours  per  day 
and  48  per  week.  Methods  of  paying 
wages  also  vary  considerably,  and  in 
some  sections  the  use  of  the  company 
store  and  the  various  deductions  made 
from  wages,  as  well  as  the  fact  that 
houses  occupied  by  mine  employees  are 
ordinarily  owned  by  the  companies, 
leaves  but  little  to  be  paid  in  cash. 

The  houses  afforded  by  the  companies 
vary  a  good  deal  in  quality,  being  quite 
satisfactory  in  some  localities  and  in 
others  unsanitary,  crowded  and  poor.  In 
nearly  all  cases  the  rent  charged  is  large 
enough  to  furnish  a  very  substantial 
profit  on  the  investment  made  in  the  or- 
iginal building.  Some  companies  furnish 
certain  perquisites  or  privileges  to  the 
employees,  such  as  the  use  of  coal,  hos- 
pital advantages,  and  the  like,  while 
others  furnish  practically  nothing  what- 
ever and  undertake  no  welfare  work. 

Labor  Unions 

The  extent  to  which  the  employees  are 
affiliated  with  labor  unions  is  largely  a 
matter  of  local  conditions  of  employ- 
ment. The  mines  of  the  Middle  West 
and  Southwest  are  operated  under  an 
agreement  between  the  trade  unions  and 
operators,  and  employment  in  the  mines 
is  conditional  upon  membership  in  the 
unions.  Only  a  few  mines  in  the  South 
are  unionized,  and  in  Pennsylvania  the 
coke  region  is  entirely  without  lat^or  or- 
ganizations. Considerable  variations  in 
standard  of  living  and  amount  of  house 
room  uspd  were  found  by  the  commis- 
sion. The  highest  rent  per  apartment 
room,  pnd  prrson  was  paid  bv  the  fam- 
ilies native-t^orn  of  native  father,  their 
averacp  ^l'in<'  $8.43  monthly  per  apart- 
ment,   or    house,    $2.10    per    room,    and 


82 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


$1.95  per  person.  The  Welsh  ranked 
second  in  average  rent  per  house  and 
person,  while  the  Mexicans  paid  the 
lowest.  Taking  the  room  basis,  the  Rou- 
manians ranked  lowest  with  $1.31  per 
room.  The  Russians  paid  the  lowest 
average  rent  per  person,  85c.,  and  ranked 
third  from  the  highest,  with  $5.30  per 
apartment  or  per  house.  In  general,  it 
was  found  that  the  crowding  and  lack  of 
independent  family  life  was  at  a  maxi- 
mum among  the  races  from  southern 
and  eastern  Europe,  among  whom  there 
was  a  large  number  of  unmarried  men 
and  where,  consequently,  an  extensive 
system  of  boarding  prevailed. 

More  than  One-sixth  of  Our  Miners 
Cannot  Read  or  Write 

Statistics  for  literacy  showed  that  of 
the  86,909  male  employees  covered  by 
the  investigation.  14.9  per  cent,  were  un- 
able to  read  or  write.  Of  the  foreign- 
born,  80.9  per  cent,  were  reported  as 
being  able  to  re'ad  and  write,  while  92 
per  cent,  of  all  native-born,  96.1  per 
cent,  of  native  whites  born  of  native 
father,  and  97.9  per  cent,  of  native-born 
of  foreign  father  could  read  and  write. 
Of  native  negroes,  only  73  per  cent, 
could  read  and  write.  Of  the  foreign- 
born,  the  English,  Scotch,  Irish,  Dutch 
and  Swedish  report  a  higher  percentage 
of  literacy  than  do  native  whites  born  of 
native  father.  The  southern  European 
races  which  ranked  highest  in  point  of 
literacy  were  the  Bohemians  and  Morav- 
ians. 

The  commission  found  that  tendencies 
to  home  ownership  were  greatly  ob- 
structed in  their  working  by  the  system 
of  company  houses  and  the  practical  in- 
ability of  the  immigrants  to  buy  the 
houses  they  occupied;  while  the  acquir- 
ing of  English  was  slow  owing  to  the  clan- 
nishness  of  the  foreign  races  and  the 
race  suspicion  and  prejudice  exhibited 
toward  the  southern  Europeans  by  the 
native-born  workers  and  the  older  immi- 
grants from  northern  Europe.  Interest 
in  political  conditions  and  the  desire  to 
acquire  citizenship  was  strong  in  a  few 
races,  but  was  not  very  general,  only 
51.1  per  cent,  of  foreign-born  males  with 
a  residence  of  10  years  or  over  being 
fully  naturalized. 


Rescue    Work    after 
Explosion* 


Mi 


ine 


The  United  States  Government  pur- 
chases annually  from  ,$6,500,000  to  $7,- 
000,000  worth  of  fuel.  This  sum  in- 
cludes the  cost  of  delivery  and  of  stow- 
age. Each  department  buys  coal  through 
its  purchasing  agent.  The  Navy,  War, 
Treasury,  Interior  and  Commerce  and 
Labor  Departments  are  large  consumers 
of  coal.  Aluch  of  the  coal  used  by  the 
Government  must  be  delivered  by  wagon, 
and  the  business  is,  therefore,  limited  to 
dealers  having  hauling  facilities.  This  is 
especially  the  case  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, where  coal  is  purchased  prin- 
cipally for  heating  the  public  buildings. 


Perhaps  no  explosion  of  which  a  com- 
plete record  exists  has  afforded  clearer 
evidence  of  the  dangers  from  afterdamp 
and  of  what  might  be  called  the  time 
relations  of  this  danger,  than  the  recent 
explosion  at  the  Darran  colliery  in  South' 
Wales.  The  three  men  near  the  shaft 
were  only  exposed  for  a  short  time  to 
the  danger,  and  apparently  they  were 
not  even  stupefied  by  the  gas.  The  ex- 
plosion was  started  by  blasting  on  the 
intake  road,  about  400  yd.  from  the 
down-cast  shaft.  The  man  who  fired  the 
shot  was  still  conscious  some  time  after 
the  explosion,  and  his  three  companions 
were  still  alive.  One  was  found  un- 
conscious from  carbon-monoxide  by  the 
rescue  party  and  recovered  conscious- 
ness  after   being   brought   out. 

We  also  know  that  lamps  burned  in 
the  track  of  the  explosion  a  few  min- 
utes afterward,  and  some  of  the  men 
from  the  inbye  side  were  close  at  hand, 
and,  although  knocked  down  by  the  blast, 
relighted  their  lamps  and  went  for  some 
'distance  into  the  track  of  the  explosion 
before  turning  back.  There  must,  there- 
fore, have  been  more  than  80  per  cent, 
of  pure  air  in  the  atmosphere  at  this 
point.  Rescuers  carrying  lights  after- 
ward traversed  the  whole  track  of  the 
explosion,  and  finally  succumbed  to  car- 
bon-monoxide poisoning. 

Protecting  Men  From  Afterdamp 

It  thus  appears,  continued  Doctor  Hal- 
dane,  that  there  is  a  considerable  time 
during  which  even  men  lying  on  the 
track  of  t'r.e  explosion  could  be  saved  if 
only  it  were  possible  to  protect  them 
from  the  afterdamp.  There  are  three  pos- 
sible ways  of  protecting  the  men  from 
afterdamp.  One  is  to  get  pure  air  to 
them;  another  is  to  get  them  out  of  the 
afterdamp;  and  a  third  is  to  give  them 
oxygen  to  breathe  until  they  are  in  pure 
air  again. 

Passing  on  to  consider  what  might  be 
done  in  the  first  of  these  ways.  Doctor 
Haldane  said  that  if,  as  was  generally 
the  case,  tl:e  downcast  and  upcast  shafts 
were  close  together,  separation  doors  and 
air  crossings  would  have  been  destroyed, 
so  that  fresh  air  could  not  be  got  round 
the  pit  in  the  ordinary  way.  The  shafts, 
and  a  short  distance  from  them,  would, 
however,  be  swept  by  fresh  air  almost  at 
once.  Even  if  the  fan  had  been  in- 
jured, the  warmer  upcast  would  induce 
a  powerful  air  current,  and  it  would 
probably  be  possible  to  descend  the  up- 
cast at  once  and  rescue  any  men  who 
were   close   to   either  shaft. 

If   the    workings   were   connected   with 


•Abslrnci  of  n  p.Tpor  ondtlod,  "ni'scno 
Work  In  rnnnorllnn  with  Mlni>  lOxploslems 
niul  I'Mros."  prosonli-d  liv  .T.  S.  Ilnldanc,  before 
(he    IMInltiK    Institute    nf    Scotland. 


any  other  pit,  it  might  be  possible  to 
clear  out  the  afterdamp  by  sending  men 
to  open  the  communicating  door,  mean- 
while covering  up  the  top  of  the  down- 
cast shaft  with  planks.  Air  would  thus 
be  drawn  through  the  communicating 
door  and  main  road  toward  the  upcast; 
and  the  afterdamp  would  be  expelled  by 
the  shortest  route.  It  seemed  as  if  this 
plan  would  have  succeeded  after  the 
Darran  explosion,  as  the  track  of  the  ex- 
plosion would  have  been  cleared  within 
a  few  minutes  of  the  door  being  opened 
with  the  downcast  wholly  or  partly 
blocked. 

There  were,  it  was  true,  injured  men 
at  the  bottom  of  the  downcast,  and  no 
means  of  getting  them  out  at  the  time; 
but  they  might  have  been  kept  in  fresh 
air  while  the  afterdamp  was  passing  out. 
Wherever  more  than  two  shafts  were 
available,  it  ought  to  be  possible  to  do 
something  in  this  way,  and  with  far 
greater  prospects  of  success  than  by  any 
other  means.  In  most  cases  there  would 
be  only  two  shafts  close  together,  and 
unless  the  separation  doors  and  any  air 
crossing  near  the  shaft  were  made  so  as 
to  resist  explosions  or  be  capable  of 
rapid  repairs,  the  stagnant  afterdamp 
would  remain  on  the  main  road  or  roads 
right  up  to  within  a  short  distance  of  the 
shafts.  Rescue  operations  beyond  this 
short  distance  would  thus  be  impossible, 
or  result  disastrously,  as  at  Darran, 
where  no  one  seemed  to  have  known 
how  to  test  the  air.  If  the  main  doors 
and  air  crossings  were  gone,  every  effort 
'  should  at  once  be  concentrated  on  re- 
pairing them,  and  thus  getting  the  air 
through  the  workings.  The  importance 
of  getting  this  done  in  the  quickest  pos- 
sible way  was  evidently  very  great,  and 
as  soon  as  the  air  began  to  travel  inward 
it  should  be  followed  up,  particularly 
as  fires  might  be  discovered  which 
might  become  dangerous  unless  dealt 
with   promptly. 

Reversing  the  Ventilation 

It  might  he  found  that  the  main  road 
was  so  much  blocked  by  falls,  and  in 
such  a  dangerous  condition  from  the 
state  of  the  roof,  that  there,  was  great 
difficulty  in  getting  in,  and  attempts  to 
bring  injured  men  out  at  once  would  be 
almost  hopeless.  In  such  a  case  it  might 
be  very  advantageous  to  work  inward 
from  the  return  side.  For  this  purpose 
it  would  be  desirable  to  reverse  the  ven^ 
tilation,  and  the  provision  of  means  for 
doing  so  seemed  to  me  to  be  in  any  case 
advisable. 

With  a  fire  in  the  intake,  following  an 
explosion,  reversal  of  the  ventilation 
might,  of  course,  prove  invaluable.  If 
rescue  apparatus  and  trained  men  are 
available,  they  can  be  sent  at  once  into 
the  poisonous  air  away  from  the  shafts 
to  explore,  extinguish  any  fires,  and  ren- 
der what  aid  they  can.  Whether  or  not 
a   rescue   corps   is   available,   it   is   usu- 


July  9.   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


83 


■ally  much  easier  to  get  fresh  air  to  the 
disabled  men  than  to  bring  them  out  to 
fresh  air.  The  main  work  of  rescue  will 
thus  always  consist  in  restoring  the  ven- 
tilation. The  rescuers  ought  to  be  pro- 
vided with  means  for  testing  the  air  at 
any  point,  and  tor  this  purpose  a  bird 
or  mouse,  inclosed  in  a  box,  shutting 
airtight,  might  be  used,  the  box  being 
capable  of  being  connected  to  the  ex- 
haust of  a  rescue  apparatus,  so  that  the 
animal  could  be  revived  at  once  if  ne- 
•cessary.  A  rescue  corps  might  also  per- 
haps be  provided  with  light  subsidiary 
apparatus  for  Fixing  over  the  faces  of 
disabled  men,  and  thus  protecting  them 
from  afterdamp  until  they  can  be  moved; 
but  this  matter  has  not  as  yet  been  prop- 
erly considered. 

In  connection  with  all  rescue  work  at 
explosions  or  fires,  proper  means  of  test- 
ing the  air  are,  of  course,  very  impor- 
tant. If  nothing  but  a  lamp  is  used,  no 
one  knows  whether  the  air  is  dangerous 
or  not.  Hence,  much  danger  may  be  in- 
curred, as  was  the  case,  for  instance, 
with  the  Darran  explosion.  On  the  other 
hand,  there  may  be  much  wholly  unne- 
cessary waste  of  time,  or  equally  unne- 
cessary reliance  on  rescue  apparatus, 
which  are  a  great  hindrance  when  work 
can  be  done  without  them.  If  small  birds 
or  mice  are  used  for  testing,  these  risks 
and  delays  can  be  avoided. 

Dealing  with  the  question  of  rescue 
operations  at  underground  fires.  Doctor 
Haldane  held  that  in  view  of  the  dangers 
of  a  fire,  means  of  reversing  the  ven- 
tilation ought  to  be  provided  at  every 
inine.  The  subject  was  brought  before 
the  Mining  Institute  of  Scotland  many 
years  ago  by  Mr.  Allardice,  who  intro- 
duced a  very  simple  arrangement  for  re- 
versing the  ventilation  at  the  colliery  un- 
der his  supervision.  This  method  is  ex- 
tremely efficient,  as  he  (Doctor  Haldane) 
could  testify  from  personal  observations. 
There  were,  however,  other  methods  of 
attaining  the  same  object.  Failing  the 
possibility  nf  reversing  the  ventilation  at 
once,  or  of  cutting  it  off  underground, 
the  top  of  the  downcast  shaft  might  be 
closed,  so  as  to  cut  off  the  air  Supply 
to  the  fire  and  the  current  of  poisonous 
air  round  the  mine. 

Desperate   Measure 

This  might  seem  a  desperate  measure, 
but  it  appeared  to  give  hoth  the  men 
and  the  mine  a  better  chance  than  if  the 
fire  was  simply  allowed  to  burn  on,  and 
the  smoke  and  the  carbon-monoxide  to 
be  carried  round  the  workings.  The 
flames  would  be  quickly  extinguished  and 
the  time  might  be  gained  for  reversing 
the  ventilation  before  all  in  the  mine 
were  dead.  In  such  a  case,  the  risk  of 
a  firedamp  explosion  on  reversing  the 
current  would  need  to  be  carefully  con- 
sidered and  guarded  against,  however, 
and  there  were  many  mines  where  this 
risk  would  be  far  too  great,  so  that  direct 


reversal  of  the  ventilation  would  be  the 
only  safe  means.  The  ventilation  might 
be  reversed  by  turning  water  down  the 
upcast  shaft,  and  when  once  the  cur- 
rent was  turned,  the  hot  air  from  the  fire 
would  pass  into  the  downcast,  and  prob- 
ably maintain  the  current  in  the  right  di- 
rection. Even  so,  the  air  would  prob- 
ably become  explosive  in  many  mines, 
so  that  nothing  short  of  efficient  reversal 
by  fan  ventilation  would  be  at  all  safe. 
The  distribution  of  the  reversed  air  cur- 
rent would,  of  course,  be  very  imperfect, 
but  with  proper  care  as  regards  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  more  important  doors, 
a  sufficiently  good  distribution  could  be 
obtained  to  enable  the  men  and  the  mine 
to  be  saved. 

In  concluding  his  paper,  Doctor  Hal- 
dane said  that  it  was,  of  course,  impos- 
sible to  lay  down  any  hard-and-fast  rules 
as  to  what  ought  to  be  done  in  connec- 
tion with  rescue  operations  at  explosions 
or  fires,  as  the  circumstances  vary  in 
every  case,  and  nothing  can  replace  in- 
dividual intelligence  and  decision  on  the 
part  of  the  responsible  officials. 

Doctor  Haldane,  before  inviting  dis- 
cussion on  his  paper,  gave  a  demonstra- 
tion of  Professor  Schafer's  method  of 
artificial  respiration,  and  also  illustrated 
by  experiment  how  to  recognize  the  pres- 
ence of  carbon-monoxide  in  blood.  In 
closing  his  address,  he  explained  the  sa- 
lient features  of  the  device  prepared  by 
Sir  Henry  Cunynghame  and  Professor 
Cadman  for  detecting  and  estimating 
firedamp  in  mines  without  lowering  the 
fiame.  He  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that 
the  arrangement  would  be  a  useful  one 
for  a  fireman  in  a  naked-light  pit  in 
Scotland. 


the  station  free  of  cost  to  the  Govern- 
ment, and  this  point  is  favored  by  the 
mine  workers  association. 


Mine   Rescue    Station    for    Indiana 


Indiana  Correspondence 


There  is  a  spirited  contest  between  four 
cities  in  Indiana  for  the  mine  rescue 
station  that  will  serve  the  coalfield  due  to 
Congressional  appropriation.  They  are, 
Terre  Haute,  Linton,  Evansville  and  Vin- 
cennes.  Terre  Haute  is  without  doubt  the 
logical  location,  for  within  a  radius  of 
thirty  miles  from  that  city,  more  than 
15,000  mine  workers  are  toiling  beneath 
the  surface  every  day.  The  transporta- 
tion facilities  are  gocd  for  reaching  the 
majority  of  the  mines  in  the  State  but 
notwithstanding  these  advantages  other 
cities  are  pulling  hard  for  the  station.  At 
present  there  are  but  four  mine  rescue 
stations  in  the  United  Stat'-s,  located  at 
distant  points.  The  State  of  Indiana,  be- 
cause of  its  large  coal-mining  industry, 
is  keenly  interested  in  the  location  of  the 
station  at  a  point  best  calculated  to  pro- 
tect the  lives  of  the  men  who  work  under 
the  ground  in  the  develcpment  of  the 
mineral  resources  of  the  State.  Terre 
Haute  is  the  first  city  to  offer  a  site  for 


Safety  Lamps  versus  Naked  Lights 
Special  Correspondence 

The  second  report  of  the  Royal  com- 
mission which  is  investigating  coal-min- 
ing conditions  in  England,  says:  "We 
think  there  is  some  force  in  the  argument 
that  the  naked  light  has  some  advantage 
over  the  safety  lamp  on  the  ground  of  its 
giving  better  illumination,  but  we  do  not 
think  it  follows  that  the  replacing  of 
naked  lights  by  safety  lamps  is  calcu- 
lated to  increase  the  accidents  from  falls 
of  ground.  The  available  evidence  tends 
to  prove  that  this  is  not  the  case.  Where 
a  naked  light  is  used,  the  miner  no  doubt 
forms  the  habit  of  ascertaining  the  safety 
of  the  sides  and  roof  by  his  eyesight 
rather  than  by  his  ears,  but  when  he  is 
provided  only  with  a  safety  lamp,  he  is 
bound  to  depend  mainly  on  sounding, 
and  for  this  reason,  perhaps,  he  is  dis- 
posed   to    exercise    the    greater   caution. 

There  are,  moreover,  dangers  in  the 
use  of  naked  lights  which  do  not  exist 
in  the  case  of  safety  lamps.  For  in- 
stance, in  naked-light  mines,  a  number 
of  accidents  occur  from  the  ignition  of 
explosives  by  sparks  from  naked  lights. 
In  the  two  years  (1907-8)  for  which 
statistics  are  available,  there  were  133 
such  accidents,  causing  the  death  of  7 
persons  and  injury  to  135  persons.  The 
use  of  naked  lights  also  seriously  in- 
creases the  risk  of  underground  fire,  and 
in  this  connection  we  may  refer  to  the 
recent  disaster  at  the  Hamstead  colliery, 
in  Staffordshire,  caused  by  the  use  of 
candles.  Several  witnesses  expressed 
the  opinion  that  discipline  was  better  in 
mines  where  safety  lamps  are  used. 

All  Coal  Mines  Need  Not  Be  Worked 
WITH    Safety   Lamps 

We  do  not  think,  however,  that  there 
is  any  necessity  for  a  rule  that  all  coal 
mines  must  be  worked  with  safety  lamps, 
as  suggested  by  some  witnesses.  There 
are  many  coal  mines,  especially  small 
and  shallow  mines,  where  firedamp  is 
rarely,  if  ever,  found,  and  naked  lights 
can  be  used  without  any  risk.  The  use 
of  naked  lights  also  seems  to  us  an  ad- 
vantage in  very  thick  seams,  such  as 
those  in  Staffordshire,  where  the  extra 
illumination  given  by  the  naked  light  is 
an  advantage  in  examining  the  roof.  On 
the  other  hand,  there  are  a  number  of 
mines  worked  at  present  with  naked 
lights,  where  gas  is  not  infrequently 
found  in  quantities  sufficient  to  cause  ac- 
cidents, and  yet  where  difficulty  is  ex- 
perienced by  the  inspectors  in  securing 
the  introduction  of  safety  lamps,  owing 
to  the  indefiniteness  of  the  general  rule. 

It  is  clear  that  in  the  case  of  mines 
where  naked  lights  are  employed,  a  much 


84 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


wider  margin  of  safety  is  necessary  witti 
regard  to  firedamp  in  the  air  than  in 
mines  where  safety  lamps  are  used.  In 
the  report  by  Messrs.  Cadman  and  Whal- 
ley,  there  are  a  certain  number  of  anal- 
yses showing  the  percentage  of  firedamp 
met  with  in  the  working  places  and  air- 
ways of  coal  mines  in  which  naked  lights 
are    used. 

It  appears  that  as  a  general  rule,  the 
percentage  of  firedamp  in  the  return  air- 
ways of  naked-light  mines  is  e.\tremely 
low — seldom  exceeding  0.3  per  cent.  The 
ventilation  thus  suffices,  if  properly  util- 
ized to  dilute  the  firedamp,  where  any 
is  present,  to  an  extent  which  affords  an 
extremely  ample  margin  of  safety.  Ex- 
amples were  found,  however,  of  cases 
where  the  air  was  so  badly  distributed 
that  2,  or  even  4  per  cent,  of  firedamp 
was  present  in  working  places,  or  ac- 
tually explosive  accumulations  were 
found  in  positions  where  they  might  eas- 
ily enough  be  accidentally  lighted. 

We  think  it  desirable  that  the  act 
should  contain  some  more  explicit  pro- 
visions as  to  the  amount  of  firedamp  per- 
missible in  naked-light  mines  and  as  to 
conditions  which  necessitate  the  intro- 
duction of  safety  lamps,  and  we  recom- 
mend that  it  should  be  provided  that  in 
any  seam  where  naked  lights  are  used, 
men  shall  not  be  allowed  to  work  or  pass 
at  places  where  the  lowered  flame  of  a 
saftey  lamp  shows  and  indication  of 
firedamp,  and  that  in  case  of  disagree- 
ment, air  containing  anything  exceeding 
a  certain  percentage  of  firedamp  shall  be 
taken  as  showing  indications  of  firedamp. 
We  also  think  that  where  it  is  found 
on  analysis  or  on  testing  with  a  special 
lamp,  that  the  return  air  current  at  any 
point  in  a  seam  contains  normally  more 
than  0.5  per  cent,  of  firedamp,  the  use 
of  safety  lamps  in  that  seam  should  be 
made  compulsory  unless  the  ventilation 
can  be  so  increased  as  to  lower  the  pro- 
portion of  firedamp  below  0.5  per  cent. 
It  seems  to  us  that  as  a  general  rule 
there  are  great  objections  to  the  use 
of  naked  lights  and  safety  lamps  in 
the  same  ventilating  district,  and  we 
think  the  provision  in  general  rule  8 
should  be  retained,  with  some  modifica- 
tions, to  provide  for  those  exceptional 
cases  where  a  manager  wishes  to  intro- 
duce safety  lamps  at  a  certain  point  of 
a  mine  merely  as  a  temporary  precau- 
tion and  where  the  conditions  do  not 
render  necessary  the  introduction  of 
safety  lamps  throughout  the  ventilating 
district. 

If,  for  any  reason,  some  special  piece 
of  work,  other  than  ordinary  coal  getting, 
has  to  be  performed  in  air  showing  a 
cap  on  a  safety  lamp  or  otherwise  foul, 
such  work  should  only  be  permitted  un- 
der the  immediate  supervision  of  an  of- 
ficial of  ihe  mine  or  other  competent  per- 
son appointed  in  writing  by  the  manager, 
and  provided  that  all  reasonable  precau- 


tions  are  taken  to   guard   against   explo- 
sion and  other  dangers. 

Safety  Lamps  Injure  Eyesight 

In  making  the  above  recommendations 
we  have  borne  in  mind  the  superior  light 
afforded  by  naked  lights,  and  the  prob- 
ability of  lessened  injury  to  eyesight  by 
the  production  of  nystagmus,  as  well  as 
the  slightly  diminished  cost  of  working. 
It  appears  to  us  that  if  adequate  precau- 
tions are  taken,  particularly  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  air  and  in  the  statutory 
examination  of  the  air  of  the  workings 
before  and  during  each  shift,  naked 
lights  can  be  usfed  with  advantage  in 
certain  classes  of  mines  where  firedamp 
is  rarely  met  with.  Our  recommenda- 
tions are  designed  to  insure  such  a  thor- 
ough distribution  of  the  air  as  to  reduce 
to  a  minimum  the  risks  which  hitherto 
have  been  associated  in  many  mines  with 
the  use  of  naked  lights. 

We  may  point  out  here  that  the  general 
rule  says:  "Where  it  is  necessary  to 
work  the  coal."  and  we  understand  that 
it  has  been  held  that  this  part  of  the 
rule  would  not  apply  to  work  in  the 
stone  or  in  shale.  It  appears  to  us  that 
the  intention  of  the  act  was  to  apply  this 
provision  to  such  work,  and  we  tMnk  the 
point  should  be  made  clear. 

There  is  another  matter  to  which  we 
wish  to  refer  under  this  heading,  namely, 
the  withdrawal  of  safety  lamps  from  a 
mine  where  they  have  been  introduced. 
We  think  that  safety  lamps  should  not 
be  withdrawn  except  for  an  adequate  rea- 
son, and  that  the  rule  should  be  made 
more  explicit  in  this  respect.  We  recom- 
mend that  safety  lamps  should  not  be 
withdrawn  without  the  sanction  of  the  in- 
spector of  mines,  provided  that  if  the 
owner  of  the  mine  considers  that  such 
sanction  is  unreasonably  withheld,  he 
may  have  recourse  to  the  procedure  fixed 
by  the  acts  for  settling  such  dift'erences. 


Safety  Laws  Proposed  for  Coal 
Mines 


Seventeen  suggestions  for  better  safety 
measures  in  mines  have  been  suggested 
by  the  committee  on  mining  legislation  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Mine  Inspec- 
tors' Institute  of  America,  recently  held 
at  Chicago. 

Some  of  the  suggestions  submitted  and 
discussed  were: 

The  establishment  in  each  coal-produc- 
ing State  of  a  department  of  mines,  mine 
inspectors  to  be  selected  by  merit. 

That  mine  maps  on  a  uniform  scale  be 
made  of  each  seam  worked. 

Provisions  for  the  opening  of  new 
mines  with  regard  to  escapes,  equipment 
and  safety  devices. 

Provisions  for  traveling-ways,  escape 
roads  and  safety  chambers. 

Provisions  for  the  use  of  electricity  in 
mines. 


Methods  of  ventilating  mines,  air  vol- 
ume that  is  required  and  such  other  pro- 
visions needed  to  keep  the  mines  in  a 
healthful  condition.  ■ 

Selection  of  the  person  having  charge 
of  the  ventilation  apparatus. 

Provision  for  fire  protection  inside  and 
outside  of  the  mine  by  means  of  a  high- 
pressure  water  supply  and  the  use  of 
chemicals. 

Use  of  noncombustible  material  for 
mine  construction. 

Installation  of  telephones. 

Provisions  for  dealing  with  coal  dust. 

Explosives  in  mines,  their  use,  prepa- 
if.tion  and  the  firing  of  shots. 

Mandatory  rules  intended  to  promote 
the  safety  of  the  miners  and  lessen  oc- 
currence of  accidents. 

Provisions  covering  oil,  lights  and 
safety  lamps. 

Operators  to  furnish  all  needed  means 
and  supplies  intended  for  the  use  and 
protection  of  miners. 

Proper  methods  of  mine  discipline. 


I  COLLIERY  NOTES  ^ 


It  is- impossible  to  prescribe  any  gen- 
eral rule  making  the  withdrawing  of  tim- 
ber in  coal  mines  compulsory  in  every 
case,  for  under  certain  circumstances 
si'ch  a  practice  would  give  rise  to  other 
dangers;  however,  timbers  should  be 
withdrawn  wherever  reasonably  practic- 
able. Where  timber  is  withdrawn  from  the 
waste,  it  should  be  done  by  specially 
qualified  men,  and  some  contrivance  for 
withdrawing  the  timber  should  be  used. 

One  authority  who  is  a  student  of  the 
cost  of  mining,  states  that  the  price  of 
labor  is  determined  by  natural  factors; 
that  it  Is  an  effect,  not  a  cause,  in  the 
economy  of  mining;  that  in  two  neigh- 
boring districts  with  the  same  natural 
advantages,  though  the  rate  of  wages  may 
be  different,  the  cost  will  be  the  same; 
the  mines  paying  lower  wages  will  have 
poorer  men.  This  engineer  further  says 
that  any  difference  in  the  rate  of  wages 
will  be  equalized  by  the  supply  and  de- 
mand for  labor  as  automatically  as  water 
runs  downhill. 

The  use  of  battery  firers  and  electric 
squibs  is  safer  than  that  of  ordinary  min- 
ers' squibs,  because  shots  are  not  fired 
until  everyone,  including  the  blaster,  is 
in  a  safe  position  and  the  danger  of 
hang-fires  is  entirely  eliminated.  It  is 
claimed  that  by  the  use  of  electric  squibs, 
more  work  may  be  done  by  a  given 
amount  of  blasting  powder;  that  any 
luimber  of  shots  may  be  fired  simultan- 
eously ;  and  that  fumes  from  burning 
safety  fuse  and  smoke  from  blasting 
powder  are  reduced  to  a  minimum.  Elec- 
tric squibs  should  be  connected  in  series, 
care  being  taken  that  connecting  wires 
are  clean  and  bright  and  that  all  joints 
are  twisted  tightly  so  that  a  good  con- 
nection is  obtained.  It  is  well  to  w-rap 
connections   with   insulator   tape. 


July  9,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


85 


i      PERS  ONAL      i 


Minhiji'  anil  iin'(;illiir;;ical  ciiKiiu't'i's  arc  iii- 
viii'd  111  kf^fp  Tm:  IO.\<;iM:Kiti\<;  ami  Mixini; 
Jill  liN.u,  infiirmi'd  of  their  movements  and 
iipiKiintnierits. 


Evans  W.  Buskett.  of  Joplin,  Mo.,  is 
visiting  New  York. 

Prof.  L.  D.  Huntoon  is  on  his  way  to 
Alaska,  whence  he  expects  to  return  dur- 
ing August. 

H.  Kilburn  Scott  has  sailed  from  Lon- 
don for  British  East  Afria  on  profes- 
sional business. 

M.  H.  Lyon,  inanager  of  the  Gold  Bug 
inine,  in  Mohave  county,  Ariz.,  is  visiting 
New  York  and  Boston. 

Corey  C.  Brayton,  who  has  been  on  a 
placer  examination  in  New  Mexico,  has 
returned  to  San  Francisco. 

Dr.  Donald  Clark  is  now  in  charge  of 
the  metallurgical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Melbourne,  Australia. 

Dwight  E.  Woodbridge  was  in  New 
York  last  week  on  his  return  from  Cuba, 
and   left    for    Duluth,   Minnesota. 

W.  H.  Radford,  of  San  Francisco,  is 
at  present  in  Siberia  for  the  Anglo-Siber- 
ian Company,  Ltd.,  examining  mines. 

W.  J.  Pentland  is  now  in  charge  of 
the  milling  operations  of  the  Seguranza 
Mining  ompany,  at  Zacualpan,  Mexico. 

Frederick  H.  Morley  leaves  Denver, 
Colo.,  July  8  for  Vancouver,  on  his  way  to 
examine  some  mines  in  British  Columbia. 

Dr.  H.  A.  Buehler  has  been  reelected 
director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  and 
Geology  of  Missouri  for  the  next  four 
years. 

Ernest  Russell  Woakes  left  London 
for  the  Caucasus  on  June  17,  to  examine 
mines  on  behalf  of  Hooper,  Speak  & 
Feilding. 

Frank  Roberts,  of  Prescott,  Ariz,,  re- 
cently inspected  the  Redeemer  gold  mine 
in  the  Manitou  Lake  area,  Ontario,  for 
the  company. 

H.  E.  T.  Haultain,  of  Toronto,  has  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  professor  of 
mining  at  Toronto  University,  the  posi- 
tion being  a  new  one. 

George  Ian  McLean  has  been  appointed 
comptroller  of  the  Yukon  Territory,  and 
Lacklan  T.  Burwash,  of  Whitehouse,  min- 
ing recorder  for  Dawson. 

C.  C.  Ramsay  has  been  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  Crucible  Steel  Company  of 
America,  succeeding  Herbert  Du  Puy,  who 
becomes  chairman  of  the  board. 

Hartwell  Jalonick  is  engaged  in  recon- 
structing the  power  plant  and  electrical 
equipment  of  the  properties  of  Ramon 
Corral  at  Hermosillo.  Sonora,  Mexico. 

S.  H.  Brockunier,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
has  accepted  the  management  of  the  Erie 
Consolidated  Mines  Company,  of  Granite- 
ville,  Cal,     On  July  1  he  assumed  charge. 


Robert  Wheatley,  of  Salineville,  has 
been  appointed  mine  inspector  of  the 
Twelfth  district  of  Ohio;  and  Abel  El- 
wood,  of  Ava,  inspector  for  the  Fifth  dis- 
trict. 

Milnor  Roberts,  dean  of  the  School  of 
Mines  at  Washington  State  University, 
Seattle,  lately  made  a  trip  to  the  coal- 
mining district  in  Nicola  valley,  British 
Columbia. 

Hon.  Frank  Cochrane,  Minister  of 
Mines  for  Ontario,  is  inspecting  the  North 
Hastings  mineral  district,  accompanied  by 
Professor  W.  G.  Miller  and  E.  T.  Corkill, 
inspector  of  mines. 

Pemberton  Hutchinson,  of  Philadel- 
phia, has  been  chosen  president  of  the 
Westmoreland  Coal  Company  and  the 
Penn  Gas  Coal  Company,  in  place  of  the 
late    E.    H.    McCuUough. 

Daniel  Parish  Kingsford  has  been  ap- 
pointed superintendent  of  the  New  York 
Assay  Office,  to  take  effect  Aug.  1.  He 
has  been  a  merchant  and  broker  in  New 
York   for  a  nimiber  of  years. 

W.  L.  Honnold  arrived  at  New  York, 
July  3,  from  Johannesburg,  Transvaal. 
He  expects  to  be  in  the  United  States 
about  three  months.  His  address  is  at 
the  Engineers'  Club,  New  York. 

Harley  E.  Hooper  has  resigned  the 
management  of  the  Copper  Development 
Company  at  Nelson,  N.  Z.,  to  accept  a 
position  on  the  metallurgical  staff  of  the 
Progress  Mines  at  Reefton,  New  Zealand. 

Professor  George  J.  Young,  of  the 
Mackay  School  of  Mines  at  Reno,  Nev., 
has  returned  from  a  trip  lasting  eight 
months,  during  which  he  visited  mining 
schools  in  Europe,  the  United  States  and 
Canada. 

Clarence  W.  Watson,  president  of  the 
Consolidation  Coal  Company,  has  sailed 
for  Europe,  and  will  remain  on  the  other 
side  for  some  time.  Vice-president  J.  H. 
Wheelwright  will  have  charge  during  his 
absence. 

Charles  W.  Wright,  manager  of  the 
mines  of  the  Societa  di  Pertusola  in 
Sardinia,  has  returned  to  the  United 
States  for  the  summer  and  wi'l  b<.  in 
Washington  for  some  time,  completing 
some  work  on  the  Geological  Survey. 

Edwin  Letts  Oliver  has  resigned  his 
position  with  the  North  Star  Mines  Coin- 
pany  at  Grass  Valley.  Cal.,  and  on  July 
1  opens  offices  at  Oakland,  Cal.,  as  metal- 
lurgical engineer.  He  will  have  also  a 
demonstrating  plant  of  the  Oliver  contin- 
uous  filter. 

Samuel  S.  Arentz,  formerly  superin- 
tendent of  the  Nevada  Douglas  Copper 
Company,  has  been  appointed  general 
superintendent  of  the  Nevada  Douglas 
Copper  Company  and  the  Nevada  Cop- 
per Belt  Railroad  Company,  with  office 
at   Mason,   Nevada. 

E.  B.  Sturgis.  for  a  number  of  years 
engaged  in  mining  examination  work,  is 
now  associated  with  the  J.  R.  Alsing  En- 


gineering Company,  manufacturer  of 
grinding,  crushing  and  pulverizing  ma- 
chinery. The  new  office  of  this  concern 
is  at  90  West  street,  New  York. 


+  1   OB  I  TUARV     + 


Edmund  P.  North  died  in  the  hospital 
at  Mexico  City,  June  29,  from  the  in- 
juries received  at  the  Angangueo  mine, 
as  noted  last  week.  He  had  been  in 
Mexico  only  a  few  months  as  engineer  for 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company.  Previously,  he  had  been  for 
several  years  with  the  Montana-Tonopah 
CoiTipany,  at  Tonopah,  Nev.  He  was  a 
graduate   of  Leland   Stanford   University. 

John  Alexander  died  at  Malmesbury, 
England,  June  10,  aged  86  years.  He 
was  born  in  England,  and  came  to  this 
country  when  a  young  man.  He  was  one 
of  the  pioneer  oil  refiners  and  is  credited 
with  refining  some  of  the  first  oil  treated. 
He  was  employed  by  Charles  A.  Dean 
at  Cleveland,  O.,  when  the  Drake  well 
was  drilled  in  1859,  and  in  1861  estab- 
lished a  small  refinery  at  Pioneer  Run 
for  Dean.  In  1863,  Mr.  Alexander  re- 
turned to  Cleveland  and  entered  into  a 
partnership  with  C.  W.  Schoefield,  under 
the  corporate  name  of  the  Great  Western 
Oil  Company.  When  this  plant  was  sold 
to  the  Standard  Oil  Company  in  1872, 
Mr.  Alexander  returned  to  England  and 
lived  there  until   his  death. 

Dr.  James  P.  Wallace  died  on  June  19 
at  Nogales,  .Ariz.  He  was  taken  seri- 
ously ill  at  Culiacan,  Sinaloa,  Mex.,  and 
upon  the  advice  of  physicians  and 
friends,  Mrs.  Wallace  started  Ivome  with 
him  to  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  hoping 
the  change  would  benefit  him.  He  was 
widely  known  in  mining  circles  through- 
out the  West,  having  operated  for  30 
years  in  various  places,  and  was,  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  operating  in  lands  and 
mines  in  Mexico.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  Nelson  tunnel  (now  called  Hum- 
boldt tunnel)  at  Creede,  Colo.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Ainerican  Institute  of 
Mining  Engineers,  and  the  Colorado 
Scientific  Society.  He  was  the  author  of 
"A  Study  of  Ore  Deposits  for  the  Prac- 
tical Miner." 


^  SOCIETIESand'TECHNlCAL  SCHOOLS 


Missouri  School  of  Mines — L.  S.  Gris- 
wold  has  resigned  the  chair  of  geology 
and  intends  to  give  his  entire  time  to 
consulting  work.  Guy  Henry  Cox,  for- 
merly assistant  professor  of  mineralogy 
and  petrography,  has  been  placed  in 
charge  of  the  department  of  geology  and 
mineralogy  at  that  institution.  J.  W. 
Eggleston  has  been  appointed  assistant 
professor  of  geology  and  mineralogy.  He 
is  a  graduate  of  Amherst  and  of  Har- 
vard and  has  had  an  extensive  experi- 
ence in  teaching  geology  and  mineral- 
ogy in  the  Colorado  School  of  Mines  and 
Harvard   Univcrsitv. 


86 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Beports     From    Our     O^wn     Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Nlany-     Important 
^        ^^     Mining     Centers    of     tlie    World       ^       -^ 


San  Francisco 

]uly  1 — The  company  running  the 
dredges  in  the  vicinity  of  Folsom,  Sacra- 
mento county,  have  not  heretofore  had 
any  trouble  with  municipal  authorities 
about  muddying  the  rivers,  but  at  present 
there  is  an  agitation  against  it  in  Sacra- 
mento. The  mayor  of  that  city  is  stir- 
ring up  the  health  officials  because  mud 
is  found  in  the  waters  of  the  American 
river,  and  an  investigating  committee 
from  Sacramento  is  making  an  examina- 
tion of  conditions.  Most  of  the  dredges 
at  Folsom  are  working  on  old  vineyard 
group  at  some  distance  from  the  river, 
and  none  are  working  in  the  river  bed 
proper.  Some  of  them  are  on  the  high 
hills,  several  miles  from  the  stream,  and 
all  work  in  their  own  individual  poncls 
or  basins.  The  company  has  taken  care 
that  no  muddy  water  reaches  the  stream. 

Some  of  the  oil  men  strongly  protest 
against  storing  their  oil  in  large  quan- 
tities so  as  to  avoid  overproduction,  be- 
cause in  that  event  they  must  pay  for 
both  production  and  storage  and  have  to 
wait  for  their  money,  while  meantime  in- 
creased stocks  are  accumulating.  Indeed, 
some  fear  that  oil  dividends  may  stop 
for  a  while,  because  the  companies  can- 
not at  once  dispose  of  their  oil.  The 
oil  market  is  dull  just  now,  but  it  is 
considered  that  the  main  overproduction 
is  due  entirely  to  the  enormous  and 
steady  output  of  the  Lakeview  gusher, 
which  is  spouting  between  48,000  and 
50,000  bbl.  daily. 

A  suit  has  been  commenced  at  Auburn, 
in  Placer  county,  California,  in  which  a 
woman  brings  action  against  the  Southern 
Pacific  to  compel  the  company  to  pay 
for  mineral  found  in  a  right-of  way.  The 
complainant  alleges  that  the  sale  of  the 
land  did  not  convey  the  subsequently  de- 
veloped mineral  deposits. 


Denver 

]uly  2 — The  Kiinzel  smeltery  at  Buena 
Vista  is  exciting  more  than  usual  in- 
terest, especially  in  the  San  Juan  region, 
where  the  smeltery  agent  is  buying  ores, 
paying  for  the  gold,  silver,  copper  and 
zinc  contents,  based  on  a  smelting  charge 
of  S4  per  ton,  and  as  the  general  char- 
acter of  the  San  Juan  ores  is  an  ag- 
gregation of  these  minerals  in  a  silicious 
matrix,  the  new  metallurgical  departure 
is  naturally  interesting,  both  from  a 
financial  as  well  as  a  metallurgical  point 
of  view.  The  new  works  is  expected  to 
blow  in  about  July  25. 

The    signs    are    now    strongly    evident 


that  the  land  and  irrigation  craze  has 
reached  its  limit,  and  is  on  the  down- 
grade, and  mining  is  once  more  to  be  the 
leading  industry  of  the  State.  Like  alt 
other  so  called  "booms,"  the  fakers 
jumped  in  and  brought  disrepute  on  the 
business.  Many  companies  with  high- 
sounding  titles  failed  to  finance  their 
schemes;  some  were  up  against  Govern- 
ment withdrawals  for  power;  in  others 
there  were  three  or  four  claimants  for 
the  same  water  rights;  others  again  were 
apparently  little  short  of  direct  bunco 
games;  and  for  this  and  other  reasons 
it  is  apparent  that  before  the  close  of 
the  year,  the  mining  game  will  be  in 
full  swing  again.  The  mining  committee 
of  the  Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce 
has  been  organized,  and  Franklin  Guiter- 
man,  manager  of  the  American  Smelting 
and  Refining  Company,  here  has  been 
elected  chairman.  He  will  make  special 
efforts  to  further  the  mining  revival  in  the 
State,  and  will  send  a  representative  to 
every  camp  in  Colorado. 

As  an  example  of  good,  healthy  gold 
mining,  one  may  instance  the  Elkton  Con- 
solidated, on  Raven  hill,  in  the  Cripple 
Creek  district.  For  the  year  ended  May 
21,  1910,  the  production  was  21,567  tons 
of  ore  of  an  average  value  of  $24  per 
ton,  the  total  gross  valve  being  nearly 
half  a  million  dollars,  and  the  net  return 
$369,573.  The  company  subscribed  and 
paid  $70,000  toward  the  completion  of  the 
deep-drainage  tunnel,  and  has  $268,647 
in  the  treasury.  The  shareholders  have 
just  received  their  checks  for  the  bi- 
monthly dividend  of  Ic.  per  share,  and  an 
extra  dividend  of  '-<c.  per  share,  amount- 
ing to  $37,500.  The  El  Paso  Gold  King, 
in  Poverty  gulch,  in  the  same  district,  has 
also  paid  the  June  dividend  of  2c.  per 
share  on  its  1,000,000-share  capitaliza- 
tion, or  .$20,000;  and  the  Mary  McKinney 
has  likewise  paid  a  dividend  at  the  rate 
of  Ic.  per  share  for  June. 

That  the  Cripple  Creek  deep-drainage 
tunnel  is  nearing  its  goal  may  be  gathered 
from  the  fact  that  the  El  Paso  Con- 
solidated company,  the  property  of  which 
is  the  first  to  be  unwatered,  has'  let  the 
contract  for  connections  of  350  ft.  in 
depth  and  56  ft.  of  a  crosscut.  The  breast 
of  the  drainage  tunnel  is  now  in  the  hard- 
est granite,  and  the  footage  made  is 
not  over  12  ft.  per  diem. 

The  production  of  the  mines  of  the 
Cripple  Creek  district  for  June  amounted 
to  61,515  tons,  having  a  bullion  value  of 
$1,249,303,  or  an  average  of  $20.30  per 
ton,  about  30c.  per  ton  lower  than  for 
May.     The   New   Portland   mill   appeared 


in  the  list  of  reduction  works  treating 
Cripple  Creek  ores  for  the  first  time  last 
month,  8863  tons  of  an  average  value  of 
$2.46  having  been  handled.  The  cost  of 
treatment  has  not  been  made  known  to 
the  public,  but  it  is  stated  to  be  about  SI 
per  ton. 


Butte 

]aly  1 — The  Anaconda  Copper  Mining 
Company  has  brought  suit  against  the 
Monidah  Trust  Company,  James  A.  Mur- 
ray, William  Climo,  Sampson  Hoar  and 
others,  to  secure  an  injunction  against  the 
defendants  preventing  them  mining  any 
ore  from  the  Bell  and  Speculator  claims 
and  to  get  $100,000  damages  for  the  ore 
it  is  alleged  they  have  already  taken 
from  those  claims.  The  Ticon  is  a  small 
fraction  in  the  Butte  district,  lying  near 
the  Bell  and  Speculator  claims  and  is 
owned  by  James  A.  Murray,  and  Climo  & 
Hoar  are  engaged  in  working  it  under 
lease  from  Murray.  The  complaint  alleges 
that  the  defendants  are  working  through 
the  Ticon  shaft  orebodies  which  apex 
within  the  Bell  and  Speculator  claims  and 
that  $100,000  has  already  been  taken 
from  those  claims  by  the  defendants.  A 
temporary  restraining  order  has  already 
been  issued  and  a  hearing  will  soon  be 
had  to  determine  whether  an  injunction 
pendente  lite  shall  issue.  About  a  year 
ago  Murray  and  Climo  &  Hoar  brought  a 
suit  against  the  Anaconda  company  in 
which  the  same  question  was  involved  but 
the  suit  was  not  pressed. 

A  number  of  Butte  stockholders  in  the 
Butte  &  Superior  company  have  written 
to  Secretary  Walter  S.  Hore  requesting 
additional  information  regarding  the  pro- 
posed reorganization  scheme  and  protest- 
ing against  any  action  being  taken  until 
the  situation  is  more  thoroughly  ex- 
plained. 

The  case  of  Hugh  Magone  against  the 
Butte  &  Boston  for  damages  has  been 
transferred  from  Powell  to  Deer  Lodge 
county,  on  motion  of  the  defendant.  Ma- 
gone is  suing  the  company  for  $26,000 
damages,  which  he  alleges  were  done  to 
his  crops  by  reason  of  the  pollution  of 
the  waters  of  Silver  Bow  creek  by  the 
defendant  company's  smelting  plant. 

At  the  annual  stockholders"  meeting  of 
the  Tuolumne  Copper  Company  in  Butte, 
June  20,  the  following  were  elected  di- 
rectors: Edward  Hickey,  N.  J.  Bielen- 
herg,  R.  J.  McDonald,  M.  E.  O'Rourke. 
J.  A.  Clifford,  Daniel  Shields  and  T.  E. 
Murray.  The  financial  statement  for  the 
year  ended  May  31,  1910,  shows  that 
gross  returns  from  ore  were  $272,142.28 


July  y,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   iV.INING  JOURNAL 


87 


and  the  balance  of  cash  on  hand  on  May 
31,  1910,  was  S308,146.  The  net  earn- 
ings were  $112,til9.  No  dividend  was 
declared.  The  report  states  that  consid- 
erable time  and  money  were  expended  in 
developing  and  defining  the  apexes  of  the 
company's  several  veins,  and  that  it  was 
proved  beyond  a  doubt  that  all  veins 
claimed  by  the  company  actually  be- 
longed to  them.  General  Manager  Shee- 
han  reports  that  since  June  21,  1909,  a 
1 ;  j-compartment  shaft  has  been  sunk 
150  ft.  on  the  north  vein  and  is  being 
continued.  Another  shaft,  known  as  No. 
3  has  been  sunk  50  ft.  also  on  the  north 
vein.  During  the  year  4644  ft.  of  cross- 
cuts and  drifts  have  been  run.  The  1200- 
and  1400-ft.  levels  have  been  thorough- 
ly prospected  and  the  800-  and  1000-ft. 
levels  are  now  being  given  attention.  He 
recommends  that  the  main  shaft,  now 
down  1400  ft.,  be  sunk  to  2000  feet. 

Salt  Lake  City 

July  2 — The  Utah  Fuel  company  has 
installed  12  sets  of  Draeger  rescue  ap- 
paratus in  its  coal  properties  in  Utah  and 
Colorado.  Nine  of  these  machines  are 
used  at  Sunnyside,  Castle  Gate  and  Win- 
ter Quarters,  Utah.  State  Inspector  J.  E. 
Pettit  has  been  conducting  a  training 
class  in  the  use  of  the  Draeger  helmet,  at 
the  camps.  Each  helmet  is  arranged 
with  two  oxygen  tanks,  which  contain 
enough  oxygen  to  last  two  hours.  The 
classes  will  be  conducted  every  two 
weeks  under  the  most  adverse  conditions, 
so  that  the  company  will  have  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  men  familiar  with  the 
apparatus  to  respond  in  case  of  an 
emergency.  In  this  event,  three  men  wilf 
be  equipped  and  sent  into  the  mine.  When 
a  regular  corps  of  trained  man  is  ob- 
tained, it  is  intended  to  install  stations 
underground,  where  they  can  be  reached 
in  case  of  an  accident. 

The  phosphate  fields  of  Idaho.  Utah 
and  Wyoming  are  described  by  Prof.  W. 
M.  Waggaman  in  a  bulletin  recently  is- 
sued by  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 
The  phosphate  region  comprises  parts  of 
northeastern  Utah,  southeastern  Idaho 
and  southwestern  Wyoming,  and  is  one 
of  the  largest  phosphate  areas  known. 
At  present  the  phosphate  is  not  being 
extensively  mined,  but  some  from  the 
Utah-Idaho  beds  is  sent  to  San  Francisco 
for  the  manufacture  of  fertilizer.  The 
product  sells  for  about  S17  per  ton.  There 
is  a  growing  demand  for  fertilizer  in  the 
West,  especially  in  California,  where  the 
consumption  is  steadily  increasing,  and 
according  to  Professor  Waggaman,  the 
Western  fields  will  gradually  come  into 
prominence  with  the  depletion  of  the 
more  accessible  deposits. 

Goldfield 
July  2 — A  temporary  order  has  been  is- 
sued by  District  Judge  Averill,  restrain- 
ing the  Round  Mountain  Mining  Com- 
pany from  "disposing  of  any  of  its  real 
property  or  making  any  unreasonable  ex- 


penditures of  money."  The  injunction 
will  hold  pending  the  settlement  of  a 
.S600,000  damage  suit,  in  which  J.  F. 
Davidson  seeks  to  recover  for  ore  alleged 
to  have  been  wrongfully  extracted  from 
Round    Mountain-Sphinx    ground. 

The  gross  production  in  the  Goldfield 
district  for  the  first  half  of  1910  is  ap- 
proximately S7, 140.000.  The  Consolidated, 
of  course,  is  the  largest  producer,  with 
$6,500,000.  The  Florence  company  pro- 
duced $580,000,  while  the  remaining 
$60,000  comes  from  leasers  and  small 
company  operations. 

Deadvk'ood,  S.  Dak. 

July  I — The  Homestake  company  pro- 
posed to  remove  to  the  surface  the  sever- 
al existing  underground  blacksmith 
shops,  which  include  eight  drill-sharpen- 
ing machines  and  the  car-repair  shop, 
now  on  the  600  level.  The  reason  for 
this  step  is  that  the  dust  and  carbonic 
acid,  introduced  by  the  coke  furnaces,  al- 
though removed  at  once  by  adjacent 
shafts,  promise  to  become  a  factor  in 
ventilation  when  the  1850  and  lower 
levels  are  opened  up.  While  time  is 
saved  by  sharpening  drills  underground, 
and  the  hoisting  and  lowering  of  them  is 
thereby  avoided,  there  are  other  factors 
tc  be  considered.  The  better  light  and  ven- 
tilation at  the  surface  make  an  appre- 
ciable difference  in  the  efficiency  of  the 
men,  and  it  is  probable  that  a  more  uni- 
form tempering  of  the  steel  will  result 
from  this  change.  Electric  forges  have 
teen  tried  in  South  Africa,  but  apparent- 
ly have  not  met  with  unqualified  success 
in  work  of  this  class,  and  it  seems  likely 
that  the  fumes  from  the  fused  chlorides 
used  in  electric  furnaces  would  be  nearly 
as  troublesome  underground  as  those 
from  coke  fires,  if  a  large  number  of 
forges    were    installed. 

A  number  of  air-feed  stope  drills  have 
been  on  trial  for  several  months.  Three 
types  of  drill  have  been  selected  for 
further  tests,  and  will  be  used  for  some 
months  longer,  to  compare  their  endur- 
ance and  relative  cost  of  upkeep,  before 
a  final  choice  is  made  of  the  pattern  to 
be  adopted. 

A  complete  equipment  of  Draeger  oxy- 
gen helmets  and  accessories  has  been 
lately  acquired,  and  a  sufficient  stock  of 
oxygen  is  kept  on  hand  to  allow  of  con- 
tinuous work  by  four  men  in  the  case  of 
an  underground  fire. 

An  employees'  benefit  association  is 
shortly  to  be  inaugurated,  after  being 
under  consideration  for  some  months.  It 
will  be  on  lines  similar  to  those  which 
have  proved  satisfactory  at  mines  in 
Montana,  Idaho  and  Michigan.  The  em- 
ployees will  each  contribute  SI  month- 
ly, and  the  Homestake  company  will  add 
at  least  $1000  per  month  besides  paying 
all  office  expenses. 

In  the  Northern  Black  Hills,  the 
Homestake,  Golden  Reward  and  Mogul 
companies  are  operating  their  mines  and 


mills  steadily  with  nonunion  labor.  The 
smaller  properties  are  mostly  idle  or 
working  on  a  limited  scale.  The  silicious 
mines  (those  working  the  Potsdam  ores) 
are  much  in  need  of  a  method  by  which 
the  "blue"  or  unoxidized  ore  of  compar- 
atively low  grade  can  be  economically 
treated.  With  the  gradual  exhaustion  of 
the  oxidized  ore  amenable  to  cyaniding, 
and  of  the  richer  ore  which  can  be 
shipped  at  a  profit,  the  problem  of  the 
blue  ore  carrying  $7  or  less  per  ton,  and 
which  will  not  yield  to  amalgamation  or 
cyaniding,  is  becoming  of  increasing  im- 
portance. 


Cobalt 

July  5 — According  to  the  official  re- 
turns, the  output  of  Ontario  mines  for 
the  first  three  months  of  1910,  amounted 
to  $6,309,171.  The  Cobalt  camp  pro- 
duced practically  50  per  cent,  of  this 
total,  having  sent  out  6,399,927  oz.  of 
silver  and  78  tons  of  cobalt,  with  a  total 
value  of  $3,055,641.  The  shipments 
from  the  camp  for  the  first  quarter  were 
7155  tons,  including  1061  tons  of  con- 
centrates. This  is  an  increase  of  14  per 
cent,  over  last  year. 

The  chairman  of  the  Temiskaming  & 
Northern  Ontario  Railway  commission 
states  that  the  engineer  has  advised 
against  building  spur  lines  into  Gow- 
ganda  and  Porcupine.  The  presence  of 
the  railway's  surveyors  in  Porcupine  is 
of  no  special  significance,  as  it  is  the 
policy  of  the  Government  to  secure  a 
right-of-way  into  any  new  camp,  to  avoid 
trouble  in  the  future,  if  it  should  de- 
cide to  build.  The  available  tonnage 
from  Gowganda  is  comparatively  ?mail 
and  although  the  possibilities  of  Porcu- 
pine are  very  bright,  sufficient  develop- 
ment has  not  been  done  to  warrant  the 
construction  of  a  branch. 

A.  number  of  New  York  capitalius 
have  offered  to  purchase  a  60  per  cent, 
interest  in  the  Timmins-McMartin  chiims 
in  Porcupine  for  $1,000,000.  They  also 
further  agree  to  put  .$500,000  in  the 
treasury  for  working  capital,  the  only 
stipulation  being,  that  the  present  own- 
ers agree  to  make  the  remaining  pay- 
ments on  the  original  purchase  price  of 
the  properties.  This  offer  has  so  far  not 
been   accepted. 

A  most  amazing  story  of  high  grading 
in  connection  with  the  Lucky  Godfrey 
mine  at  Elk  Lake,  has  Just  come  to 
light.  Last  April  a  carload  of  ore,  val- 
ued at  about  $40,000,  was  shipped  from 
the  property.  When  it  reached  the 
smeltery  the  sacks  were  found  to  con- 
tain only  low-grade  material,  with  a 
total  value  of  only  a  few  thousand  dol- 
lars. The  high-grade  ore  had  been  stolen 
from  the  sacks,  and  low-grade  and  waste 
rock  substituted.  Several  employees  at 
the  mine  have  been  arrested,  but  it  is 
probable  that  the  ore  is  scattered  all  over 
the  country  by  this  time,  and  that  the 
company   will   get   very   little   of  it  back. 


88 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X     X 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Minings 


Alaska 
Since  the  opening  of  navigation  about 
81,500,000    has    been    started    from    the 
Tanana  district.  The  last  shipment  of  gold 
from  Fairbanks  June  7,  was  5450,000. 

Maj.  W.  P.  Richardson,  president  of  the 
Alaska  road  commission,  announces  that 
work  will  be  begun  at  once  on  the  gov- 
ernment roads  from  Seward  to  the  new 
Haiditarod  goldfields. 

Northland  Development — This  com- 
pany is  doing  work  on  the  property  near 
Big  Harbor,  and  expects  to  have  a  cargo 
ready  for  shipment  before  the  summer  is 
over. 

Ciijf — A  rich  pocket  was  struck  re- 
cently and  one  day's  cleanup  was  S13,000. 
Scores  of  prospectors  are  in  the  hills 
around  this  mine  near  Valdez. 

Union— The  cleanup  on  this  property 
on  17  Coldstream  near  Fairbanks,  for  the 
week  was  S12,000.  The  company  will 
start  operation  on  a  new  block. 


Alabama 

Fayette  County 
Operations  continue  active  in  new 
natural-gas  district.  The  Providence  Oil 
and  Gas  Company,  of  which  Dr.  G.  B. 
Crowe  is  president,  has  now  11  wells 
drilled,  and  is  preparing  to  drill  deeper, 
hoping  to  strike  oil  also.  Arrangements 
are  almost  completed  to  start  work  on  a 
12-in.  pipe  line  to  carry  gas  to  Bir- 
mingham. 

Jefferson   County 

It  is  reported  that  the  Universal  Port- 
land Cement  Company,  a  subsidiary  of 
the  Steel  Corporation,  will  build  cement 
works  at  Calera,  30  miles  from  Bir- 
mingham. 

Work  has  been  begun  on  the  plant  of 
by-product  coke  ovens  which  the  Wood- 
ward Iron  Company  has  decided  to  build 
at  Dolomite,  near  Birmingham. 

Arizona 

Cochise  County 

Calumet   &    /Iruona— A    new    orebody 

of   sulphide    ore,    averaging    4    per   cent. 

copper,  is  reported  opened  in  the  1450-ft. 

level. 

Mohave  County 

Union  Basin— TMs  company,  operating 
the  Golconda  zinc  mine  in  the  Union 
Basin  district,  has  paid  its  seventh  divi- 
dend of  Ic.  per  share  in  about  a  year. 
Some  interesting  figures  are  given  by 
Manager  J.  Boyle,  Jr.,  in  a  bulletin  just 
issued  to  the  stockholders.  The  total  net 
smelter  receipts  to  June  1  are  a  little  over 


5239,000,  of  which   about  5190,000  have 
been  produced  in  the  past  year.  The  pres- 
ent slump  in  the  price  of  zinc  is  offset  by 
the    increase    in    the    gold    and   silver    in 
the   ore   as  well   as  the   rise   in   the   per- 
centage of  zinc,  which  is  now  averaging 
49  per  cent,  as  against  47  per  cent,  of  a 
year   ago.      In    the    first    five   months    of 
1910  the  mine  shipped  4395  tons  of  ore, 
which   netted   587,000   above    freight   and 
smeltery  charges.     The  total  expense  of 
handling    this    tonnage    of    shipping    ore 
and  about  twice  as  much  milling  ore,  to- 
gether with  the   costs  of  permanent   im- 
provements made  in  this  time,  amount  to 
$65,800.  leaving  a  net  profit  on  shipping 
ore    alone    of    about    $21,000.      The    net 
profit  on  the  milling  ore   is  estimated  at 
540.000.   making   a   total    net   earning   of 
about  565.000  for  the  five  months.     Min- 
ing in  the   fourth   level   of  the  Golconda 
is  disclosing  an  oreshoot,  which  is  larger 
and     richer     than     previously     in     gold 
and      silver.        Development      is      being 
kept   considerably   ahead   of  stoping,   the 
present   reserves  constituting   about   two 
years'    supply    of   ore.      The    Prosperity 
tunnel,  which   will  eliminate  hoisting  al- 
most  entirely,   is   making   good    headway 
with    advances    of    150    ft.    per    month. 
There  are  still  about  500  ft.  to  be  driven 
to   get  to  the   Golconda.      Enough    water 
has  been  developed  for  a  75-ton  concen- 
trating mill,  which  it  is  expected  to  erect 
soon. 

Pima  County 
Imperial— The  company  will  prospect 
the  El  Tiro  ground  adjoining.  Drilling 
on  the  Imperial  has  proved  porphyry  ore- 
bodies  of  moment,  which  it  is  believed 
extend  to  the  El  Tiro  holdings.  The 
work  is  in  charge  of  Meade  Goodloe  and 
H.    C.    Smith. 


California 

Amador   County 

South  Eureka— The  cleanup  for  June 
at  this  Sutter  Creek  mine  was  565,000. 
The  company  is  running  40  stamps  of  its 
own  mill  and  20  stamps  of  the  Central 
Eureka.  Twenty  stamps  are  being  added 
to    the    company    mill. 

Bunker  Hi»— Drifting  for  the  vein  on 
on  the  1950  continues.  The  cleanup  for 
last  month   was  $20,000. 

Kennedy— On    the    2800    level    of    this 
mine  at  Jackson,  exceptionally  rich  rock 
has  been    found   recently.     The   orebody 
at  the  ,3400  level   is   12   ft.  wide. 
Calaveras  County 

Ophir  Con.so/(da?('d— New  York  men 
have  obtained   from  J.  W.  Nuncr  a  bond 


on  this  mine, at  Rich  Gulch  and  are  com- 
pleting the  tunnel. 

Moser  and  Lamphear — It  is  reported 
that  Mr.  Baker  has  obtained  in  the  East 
capital  to  reopen  these  mines  near  San 
Andreas. 

Newman — This  mine,  owned  by  the 
Levaggi  estate,  is  showing  up  well  and 
has  500  tons  of  ore  ready  to  be  worked 
in   the    10-stamp   mill. 

Inyo  County 
Poverty  Hill— A  test  run  is  being  made 
at  this  mine  and  the  new  plant  will  soon 
be   steadily   operating. 

Kern  County 
A  rich  strike  has  been  made  in  the 
Lucky  Star,  of  the  Bremmer  group,  op- 
erated by  A.  McCIure,  A.  F.  Dedrick  and 
T.  R.  Petersen,  in  the  Stringer  district. 
The  high-grade  ore  was  found  at  80  feet. 

Mono  County 

Crown  Lead — At  this  mine,  four  miles 
from  Coulterville,  30  men  are  at  work 
under  Superintendent  Bernard  Greeney. 
Electric  power  has  recently  been  installed 
and  the  20-stamp  mill  has  been  recon- 
structed. 

Champion— P.  George  Cow  has  two 
shifts  of  men  at  work  on  this  mine,  two 
miles   from  Coulterville. 

Tyro — At  this  mine,  three  miles  from 
Coulterville,  the  unwatering  of  the  shaft 
is  nearly  completed  and  when  this  is 
finished  the   10-stamp  mill  will  start. 

California  Qiiail—Th\s  company  will 
begin  work  on  the  Quail  mine,  near  Coul- 
terville, soon. 

Nevada  County 
In  the  Graniteville  district,  the  Birch- 
ville  mine  is  working  60  men  and  run- 
ning 10  stamps;  the  Erie  has  40  miners 
and  is  running  its  30-stamp  mill  day  and 
night;  the  Ancho  has  20  men  and  a  10- 
stamp  mill;  the  Republic  has  12  men 
and   is  running  a    10-stamp  mill. 

Cassidy—The  company  has  been  in- 
corporated to  work  the  Cassidy  mine, 
near  Grass  Valley.  C.  M.  Wilson  and  L. 
A.  Armstrong  are  incorporators. 

Metropolitan— C.  L.  Wilson,  of  this 
company,  at  Moores  flat,  has  a  large 
force  of  men  at  work  on  the  several 
pioperties,  and  a  20-stamp  mill  will  be 
erected  on  the  Middle  Yuba  river. 

Cincinnati— This  old  mine  is  being  re- 
opened by  the  North  Star  Mines  Com- 
pany, A.  D.  Foote,  manager.  The  prop- 
erty was  worked  with  some  success  in 
early  days. 


July  9,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


Montana — W.  G.  Brown  has  put  in  new 
niachiner;,  including  a  hoist,  at  this  mine 
in  Willow  Valley,  near  Nevada  City. 

Shast.\  County 
Mountain  Copper— This  company  is 
sending  four  trains  of  five  cars  each, 
daily  from  the  Iron  Mountain  and  Hornet 
mines  to  its  reduction  plant,  near  Mar- 
tinez. The  Little  Nellie,  on  the  Iron 
Mountain  road,  is  shipping  100  tons  of 
ore,  carrying  gold,  to  the  same  place, 
weekly. 

Yuba  County 

Tarr — This  company  is  building  a  "mud 
settler"  for  the  ditch  on  Wolf  creek, 
Nevada  county.  About  40  men  are  en- 
gaged in  cleaning  out  the  big  ditch  which 
is  to  convey  water  to  the  Blue  Point 
mine  at  Smartsvillc,  owned  bv  the  com- 
pany. 


Colorado 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 

British — .lohn  Taylor,  of  Denver,  has 
acquired  this  property  near  Central  City 
and  will  operate  it. 

Scotia — This  mill,  at  Silver  Plume,  will 
be  operated  by  Frank  Graham  under 
lease,   treating   Burleigh  dump   rock. 

Jersey  liliie— This  Daily  district  prop- 
erty has  installed  machinery. 

Sun  and  Moon — The  mine  is  taking 
out   rich   ore    from    Seaton   mountain. 

Des  Moines — This  Kusseil  Gulch  mine 
has  been  sold  by  John  Ross  for  StiO.OOO. 

Pappoose — This  claim  on  Bellevue 
mountain,  has  been  leased  to  A.  Ander- 
son and  W.  W.  Tanner. 

Kentuck — The  Ophir  Mountain  Con- 
solidated company  has  opened  a  10-in. 
streak  in  this  mine  through  the  Central 
tunnel,  which  carries  gold,  silver  and 
copper  to  the  value  of  S81   per  ton. 

Frontenuc — A  contract  has  been  let 
for  a  crosscut  and  raise  from  the  New- 
house  tunnel  to  connect  with  Addudell 
mine,  which  recently  passed  into  the 
hands  of  London  people.  The  crosscut 
will  be  about  260   feet. 

Gunnison  County 
Bran!    Independent — The    c  rtipany    is 
preparing    for    resumption    o'    operations 
at  mine  and  mill. 

Hinsdale  County 

Yellow  Medicine — This  property,  near 
Lake  City,  has  been  sold  by  William 
O'Brien  for  5100,000,  to  a  company  with 
headquarters  at   Hamilton,   Ont. 

Belle  of  th  ■  West — This  mine  has 
commenced  shipping. 

Pelican — The  labor  difficulties  have 
been  settled  and  finances  provided  for 
operation. 

Leadville — Lake  County 
It  is  reported  that  a  strike  of  free  gold 
ore  has  been  made  in  a  group  of  claims 
in  the  St.  Kevin  district  bv  Anton  Rosse, 


the  owner,  who  has  been  prospecting  his 
claims  for  30  years,  having  driven  with 
his  own  hands  the  last  400  ft.  of  the 
tunnel  in  which  he  made  the  discovery. 
The  extent   is  not  yet  known. 

Griffin — This  mine,  in  the  St.  Kevin 
district,  is  producing  10  to  15  tons  per 
diem  of  high-grade  gold  and  copper  ore. 
Last  week  .SO  tons  were  hauled  to  the 
smeltery.  Redmond  Cody  is  the  man- 
ager, and  he  is  operating  through  the 
Midale  tunnel. 

Oi'RAY  County 

The  Mineral  Farm  property  will  re- 
sume in  charge  of  John  Lrickson.  The 
Legal  Tender,  adjoining,  is  developing. 
The  Plata  Cache  will  resume  develop- 
ment. The  Mono-Baltic  smeltery,  at 
Irnnton,  expects  to  start  smelting  this 
summer.  The  Angel  company  has  let  a 
contract  for  work  on  the  property  south 
of  Ouray. 

San  Juan  District 

(}old  Nugget — This  mine  in  .Maggie 
gulch  is  installing  electric  power  for  com- 
pressor and  will  develop  with  machine 
drills. 

Kittemac — This  mine  continues  steadily 
in  operation.  The  Clarke  vein  yields  an 
average  of  8  ft.  oT  sulphides  and  is  open- 
ing up  continuous  orebodies  east  and 
west   from   the  Little  Joe  tunnel. 

Yukon — This  property  has  its  com- 
pressor plant  installed  and  is  overhauling 
the  mill  to  treat  ore  on  the  ground.  It  is 
reported  that  the  company  has  encountered 
zinc  on  vein  No.  15,  2500  ft.  from  the 
tunnel  portal. 

Minnehaha-  This  property,  above  Glad- 
stone, has  ore  in  which  sulphides  of 
lead,  copper  and  zinc,  predominate.  A 
winze  sunk  160  ft.  between  levels  is  in 
ore. 

Silver  lA-dge — The  mine  is  letting  con- 
tract to  sink  the  main  shaft  200  feet. 

Summit   County 

Buttalo — This  placer  property,  near 
Dillon,  has  started  operations.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  use  shovels  and  land  dredges. 
L.   Kingsbury   is  in  charge. 

veiling — This  dredging  company  is  op- 
crating  successfully  in  French  creek, 
working  the  tailings  of  the  Mecca  lot. 

Reliance — This  dredging  company  is 
working  on   French   gulch. 

Colorado — This  dredging  company  is 
operating  in  Swan  river,  with  good  re- 
sults. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Free  Coinage — At  the  250-ft.  level  of 
the  Carper  shaft,  at  the  intersection  of 
the  Pinto  and  Bison  claims,  a  rich  strike 
has  been  made  by  Jesse  Adams,  lessee. 
The  streak  is  about  8  in.  wide,  and  car 
ries  coarse   free  gold. 

Hiawatha — George  Greenfield,  leasing 
on  this  Beacon  Hill  mine,  put  a  shot  in 


the  granite  wall,  and  opened  up  18-in. 
of  sylvanite  ore. 

Prince  Albert — It  is  stated  that  a  small 
sacked  shipment  of  selected  ore  made 
by  Edward  Cookerly,  lessee,  gave  re- 
turns of  50  oz.  gold  to  the  ton.  He  is 
now  sending  out  a  carload  shipment  es- 
timated at  about  2  oz.  per  ton. 

Maggie — Samples  taken  from  the 
breast  of  a  new  shoot  opened  at  the 
350-ft.  level  gave  returns  of  2  oz.  gold 
per  ton. 

Cresson — By  the  middle  of  this  month, 
this  mine  will  again  be  in  full  opera- 
tion. 

Midway — Twenty-eight  tons  of  ore 
shipped  by  Safford  Brothers,  lessees  on 
this  mine,  between  Bull  and  Ironclad 
hills,   returned   S50   per  ton. 

Idaho 

Jumbo — This  mine  in  the  Buffalo 
Hump  district,  has  been  leased  to  J.  W. 
Reese,  of  Salt  Lake,  and  will  be  operated. 

Indiana 
Daviess  County 
A  representative  of  the  executive  board 
of  the  Indiana  Mines  of  District  11  is 
trying  to  settle  the  strike  at  the  Wash- 
ington-Wheatland mine  near  Washington. 
The  miners  walked  out  recently  when 
four  were  discharged  for  riding  the  front 
of  an  engine  instead  of  a  car  provided. 

Gibson  County 

Bicknell  Coal  Mining  Company- -This 
company  has  increased  its  capital  stock 
by  S15,000,  It  is  prepairing  to  sink  addi- 
tional shafts  and  otherwise  carry  out  pro- 
posed devclcpment.  Thomas  M.  Byers 
is  president. 

Grant  County 

The  lease  of  4500  acres  west  of 
Marion,  reaching  over  into  the  southern 
part  of  Huntington  county,  by  high  of- 
ficials of  the  Ohio  company,  is  causing 
interest  and  is  taken  to  mean  the  reopen- 
ing of  the  oilfields  in  this  section. 

Jay  County 

One  of  the  best  oil  wells  drilled  for 
many  months  was  completed  by  the  Ful- 
ton Drilling  Company,  of  Portland.  The 
well  is  in  Bear  Creek  township  and  after 
being  shot  produced  over  100  bbl.  the 
first  20  hours. 

Sullivan  County 

Hamilton  Oil  and  Gas  Company — This 
company,  of  Sullivan,  has  drilled  in  its 
third  well.  Pay  sand  has  been  reached 
and  the  well  looks  good  for  50  bbl.  a 
day.  The  pumps  are  at  work  on  Nos.  I 
and  2  and  each  is  producing  20  bbl.  a 
day. 

Kansas 

Quehradilla — This  company  has  bought 
the  lease  of  Rohrbaugh  Brothers  adjoin- 


90 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


ing  on  the  GHck  land  at  Galena  and  one 
mill  will  be  erected  for  both  properties. 
The  first  "turn-in"  of  this  company  last 
week  amounted  to  100,000  lb.  of  lead  and 
100.000  lb.  of  zinc. 


Kentucky 

Eclipse  Mining  Company — This  com- 
pany, with  office  in  Louisville,  has 
opened  a  fluorspar  deposit  in  Crittenden 
county.  The  company  has  a  shaft  115 
ft.,  with  three  entries  into  the  spar,  which 
shows  a  fissure  vein  from  18  to  40  ft. 
wide.  The  company  recently  erected  a 
mill.  A  railroad  will  be  built  from 
Marion. 

Michigan 
Copper 

Hancock — No.  2  vertical  shaft  has  dis- 
continued sinking  temporarily  to  permit 
of  the  erection  of  the  steel  shaft  house. 
The  winze  or  subshaft  put  down  on  the 
No.  3  lode,  tributary  to  No.  '  shaft,  is 
bottomed  at  the  18th  level,  \hile  the 
main  working  crosscut  at  this  point  be- 
tween the  two  shafts  will  be  holed 
through  soon.  The  construction  of  the 
permanent  surface  equipment  is  going 
forward  satisfactorily  and  when  com- 
pleted will  be  one  of  the  best  in  the  dis- 
trict. 

Oneco — This  company  is  operating  two 
drilling  outfits  and  has  started  an  en- 
tirely new  cross  section  of  its  tract.  No. 
8  hole  is  down  about  750  ft.  without  en- 
countering any  mineralization,  and  No.  9 
about  200  feet. 

Mayflower — This  company  is  operating 
two  prospecting  drills  in  making  an  ex- 
ploratory cross  section. 

Con/arf— President  Fay,  of  this  and 
the  Elm  River  company,  has  sent  a  state- 
ment to  the  Elm  River  company,  wherein 
he  outlines  the  plan  of  taking  over  the 
Elm  River  property.  The  Contact  is  cap- 
italized at  200,000  shares  of  S25  par 
value.  The  Elm  River  shareholders  will 
be  given  share  for  share  of  the  Contact 
company,  providing  the  shareholders  of 
Elm  River  subscribe  for  an  additional  50 
per  cent,  of  Contact  stock,  at  S2  per 
share.  This  will  give  the  Contact  com- 
pany $100,000  and  50,000  shares  of 
stock  in  the  treasury. 
Iron 
Ohio — This  mine,  west  of  Michi- 
gamme,  owned  by  the  Niagara  company, 
Uas  been  closed,  the  company  drawing 
its  supply  from  the  adjoining  Portland 
mine. 

Cleveland  Cliffs — The  electrification  of 
the  Marquette  range  mines  of  the  com- 
pany is  proceeding  with  satisfactory 
headway.  There  are  two  big  generating 
plants,  one  at  Negaunee  and  one  at 
Princeton.  The  former  station  is  now 
furnishing  power  to  the  Maas,  Negaunee, 
Cleveland  Lake,  Cleveland  Hard  Ore, 
North  Lake  and  Barnes  properties.  The 
Princeton  station  is  serving  the   Prince- 


ton No.  1  and  No.  2  properties  and  the 
Stephenson  mine.  The  only  important 
work  still  to  be  done  in  connection  with 
the  transmission  system  is  the  installing 
of  motors  and  other  equipment  at  va- 
rious mines  and  shops. 

Bates  Iron  Company — This  compafty 
has  been  organized  to  operate  the  Hall- 
Yackel  lands  in  the  western  Menominee 
range,  controlled  by  Ladenberg,  Thal- 
mann  &  Co.,  of  New   York. 


Missouri 

Old  Dominion — This  company  has  com- 
pleted the  sinking  of  a  new  shaft  at  the 
John  L.  mine  north  of  Webb  City  which 
will  greatly  increase  the  capacity. 

United  Zinc — This  company  has  leased 
100  acres  in  the  Lehigh  camp  at  Carl 
junction  and  is  drilling  and  sinking  shafts. 
Some  of  the  richest  ore  in  the  district  has 
been   struck. 

Joplin  Royalty  Company — This  com- 
pany is  drilling  its  600  acres  south  of 
Joplin. 

Chapman  &  Lennan — The  Dinger  mill 
of  this  firm  on  the  Bradford-Kansas  City 
land  at  Webb  City  was  recently  burned. 
The  mill  will  not  be  rebuilt  but  that  of 
the  Bradford-Kansas  City  company  will 
be  leased. 

Mary  E. — This  company  has  completed 
its  mill  at  Spring  City  and  has  started  the 
operation  of  the  mine. 

Montana 
Butte  District 
Anaconda — By  the  recent  transfer  of 
Washoe  Copper  Company's  property  to 
the  Anaconda  company,  promissory  notes 
from  the  Washoe  company  to  the  Amal- 
gamated company  amounting  to  $8,036,- 
291  were  discharged.  These  notes  were 
given  in  part  for  the  $7,200,000  loan  from 
Amalgamated  to  Washoe  which  was  used 
to  construct  the  smeltery  at  Anaconda. 
The  Anaconda  company  as  a  part  of  the 
merger  agreement,  will  discharge  all  out- 
standing indebtedness  of  the  companies 
which  it  absorbs.  A  deed  transferring 
to  the  Anaconda  company  all  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Alice  Gold  and  Silver  Mining 
Company  has  been  recently  filed  with  the 
county  clerk  of  Silver  Bow  county.  The 
claims  transferred  are  the  Alice,  Magna 
Charter,  Curry,  Valdemere.  Rooney, 
Hawkeye,  Reef,  Fraction,  Magnolia,  Bos- 
ton, Midnight,  Cottonwood,  Plover  No.  1, 
Saukie  West,  Saukie  East,  Rising  Star, 
Walkerville,  Paymaster,  Ray  Walker, 
Wood  Yard,  Blue  Wing,  Neptune,  Gussett 
and  Thesus.  The  deed  is  signed  on  be- 
half of  the  Alice  company  by  John  D. 
Ryan,  president,  and  J.  W.  Allen,  secre- 
tary, and  on  behalf  of  the  Anaconda  com- 
pany by  B.  B.  Thayer,  president,  and  C. 
F.  Kelly,  secretary.  A  deed  from  the 
Butte  &  Boston  Mining  Company  to  the 
Anaconda  company  transferring  all  prop- 
erty of  the  former  company  to  the  latter 
has  also  recently  been   filed.     The  deed 


is  signed  by  James  Phillips,  Jr.,  presi- 
dent, and  F.  P.  Addicks,  secretary,  of  the 
Butte  &  Boston  company,  and  B.  B. 
Thayer,  president,  and  C.  F.  Kelly,  secre- 
tary, of  the  Anaconda  company. 

Butte  Central — The  unwatering  of  the 
500-ft.  shaft  was  recently  finished,  hav- 
ing consumed  31  days.  A  300-ton  con- 
centrator will  be  erected  on  the  property 
before  any  mining  will  be  done. 
Jefferson  County 

Eagle's  Nest — The  group  of  29  gold- 
quartz  claims,  6  miles  east  of  Alhambra,  is 
being  operated  by  Robert  A.  Bell  who 
plans  a  tunnel  6080  ft.  along  the  vein. 

Corbin  Copper — Stephen  R.  Dow,  presi- 
dent, R.  M.  Edwards,  general  manager, 
and  A.  L.  Wyman,  secretary,  are  inspect- 
ing the  property.  The  100-ton  concen- 
trator will  be  started  at  once.  In  the 
Bonanza  tunnel  a  20-ft.  winze  recently 
sunk  has  encountered  a  body  of  silver 
ore. 

Missoula  County 

King  and  Queen — It  has  been  definitely 
announced  that  a  mill  will  be  built  on  the 
property,  the  first  unit  of  which  will  have 
a  daily  capacity   of  75  tons. 


Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 

A  new  district  has  been  discovered 
about  ten  miles  west  of  Goldike. 

Goldfield  Consolidated — The  inclined 
belt  conveyer  has  been  placed  in  commis- 
sion and  is  supplying  ore  to  80  stamps. 
The  tonnage  during  the  last  half  of  June 
increased  materially. 

Florence — The  mill  is  steadily  reducing 
150  tons  daily,  with  an  average  reported 
extraction  exceeding  95  per  cent. 

Goldfield  Annex — The  three-compart- 
ment shaft  is  down  920  ft.  At  1000  ft.  a 
a  lateral  will  be  driven  to  tap  the  vein 
opened  at  800  feet. 

Bonnie  Clare— The  100-ton  mill  for 
which  Gold  Mountain  operators  have 
been  waiting  several  months  is  almost 
completed.  The  ore  is  first  stamped, 
amalgamated,  slimed  and  concentrated. 
The  tailings  are  cyanided  and  filtered 
through  a  continuous  revolving  Oliver 
filter.  Eight  miles  of  railroad  and  two 
aerial  trams  will  be  built  during  the 
summer,  the  mill  to  be  operated  on. 
custom  ores  meantime. 

Goldfield- Alamo — In  accordance  with 
the  State  law.  President  J.  H.  Miller  has 
filed  a  semi-annual  statement.  It  shows 
2212  tons  of  ore  extracted;  gross  value 
$159,242;  smelting  and  marketing  $51,- 
998;  mining  $64,551;  paid  in  dividends 
$42,000.  The  mine  is  in  good  shape  and 
a  continuance  of  dividends  is  expected. 
Humboldt  County 

National — A  shipment  valued  at  $140.- 
000  was  made  by  the  Stall  lease,  which 
is  now  producing  about  $5000  per  day. 
On  other  National  ground  the  same  rich 
body   of   ore    has   been    found   that   the 


July  9,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


91 


Stall  lease  has.  The  property  is  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  county,  about  the 
iniddle  of  Sec.  33,  T.  46,  N.,  R.  39  E. 
There  are  about  1000  people  in  the  dis- 
trict. 

Lander  County 

Jack-  Pol — A  60-h.p.  gasolene  engine 
and  machine  drills  have  been  installed. 
The  main  shaft  will  be  sunk  to  400  feet. 

Austin-Manhattan — Mill  material  is  ar- 
riving. The  work  of  retimbering  is  being 
pushed. 

King  Midas — W.  E.  Hales  is  driving  a 
tinnel  on  this  property,  at  Clear  Creek 
in  the  Reese  River  district.  A  mill  is 
planned. 

Lyon  County 

Mason  Valley — Jules  Lebarthe,  in 
charge  of  construction  of  the  new  smelt- 
ery at  Wabuska,  and  Duncan  McVichie, 
vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the 
Copper  Belt  railway,  have  just  completed 
an  inspection  of  the  Mason  Valley  ter- 
ritoiy:  They  report  satisfactory  progress^ 
in  grading  and  construction. 

Rluestone  Extension — A  large  block  of 
treasury  stock  has  been  sold  to  Texas 
capitalists  and  extensive  development  will 
be  instituted  at  once.  The  property  con- 
sists of  180  acres  adjoining  the  Bluestone 
on  the  north.  The  latter  is  said  to  have 
3,000,000  tons  of  3  per  cent,  copper  ore 
blocked   out. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah — The  regular  quarterly  divi- 
dend of  25c.  per  share  and  an  extra  divi- 
dend of  15c.  has  been  declared,  payable 
July  21.  The  distribution  will  amount 
to  5400,000,  making  a  total  of  ,S1, 100,000 
for  the  current  year,  and  S6,050,000  to 
date.  The  treasury  will  contain  consider- 
ably over  SI, 000,000  after  this  disburse- 
ment. June  shows  the  same  tonnage  wltn 
an  increase  of  nearly  S2  in  the  average 
content  over  the  next  best  month  this 
year. 

Montana-Tonopah — Crosscuts  sent  out 
in  both  walls  of  the  Martha  and  Tri- 
angle veins  in  search  of  parallel  veins,  are 
exposing  excellent  blocks  of  stoping 
ground  on  the  465-  and  615-ft.  levels. 

Tonopah-Belmont — The  June  mill  re- 
port shows  220  tons  handled  daily  with 
an  extraction  of  92  per  cent.;  45  bars  of 
bullion  weighing  3375  lb.  resulted  from 
the  melt  of  2  weeks'  cyanide  precipitates. 

Bullfrog  West  Extension— C.  D.  Wilk- 
inson, chief  engineer  for  George  VCing- 
fleld.  is  making  a  thorough  examination 
and  sampling  of  the  property.  Wingfield 
is  the  controlling  factor  in  the  John  S. 
Cook  bank,  which  has  a  mortgage  on  the 
extension,  and  if  the  results  of  the  ex- 
amination are  satisfactory  operations  may 
be  resumed  on  a  big  scale. 

White    Pine   County 

Giroux — When  the  pumping  station  on 
the  1200- ft.  level  of  the  new  shaft  is 
completed,  three  pumps  will  be  installed; 
one  with  a  capacity  of  1200  gal.  per  min. 


and  two  with  a  capacity  of  600  gal.  each. 
After  the  pumps  are  installed,  crosscut- 
ting  will  commence  toward  the  1200- ft. 
level  of  the  Alpha,  at  present  flooded  and 
which  must  be  pumped  before  extraction 
of  the  ores  of  the  Alpha  claim  can  com- 
mence. 

New  Jersey 
Taking  of  testimony  is  going  on  in  the 
suit  pending  in  the  Court  of  Chancery 
against  the  New  Jersey  Zinc  Company. 
The  suit  is  brought  by  R.  Wayne  Park- 
er, of  Newark,  for  himself  and  the 
Rutherford  estate,  under  the  lease  of 
the  Parker  mine  at  Franklin  furnace  in 
Sussex  county.  The  questions  involved 
are  the  system  of  mining  in  use,  and 
the  method  of  weighing  the  ore  on  which 
royalty  is  payable  under  the  lease.  On 
the  latter  point  the  Parker  claim  is  that 
the  ore  should  be  weighed  as  it  is  taken 
out  of  the  mine,  and  before  milling  or 
concenXration. 


New  Mexico 
Bennett-Stephenson — The  court  has 
approved  the  contract  between  Frank  T. 
French,  receiver,  and  J.  I.  McCuUough, 
secretary  of  the  company,  for  the  pur- 
chase of  the  property.  Possession  was 
taken  July  I,  and  active  operations  will 
be  commenced  soon. 


New  York 
It  is  understood  that  as  a  result 
of  a  report  by  the  health  commis- 
sion of  the  State  of  New  York  the 
State  authorities  will  proceed  in  the 
courts  against  several  oil-refining,  chem- 
ical and  metallurgical  companies  operat- 
ing on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  and  Con- 
stable Hook,  N.  J.  It  is  alleged  that 
damage  results  from  the  smoke  and 
fumes   from   these   plants. 

Oregon 

Baker  County 

Oregon  Free  gold — This  company  is  in 
the  market  for  a  5-stamp  mill.  W.  J. 
Hughes,  Baker  City,  is  manager. 

Mammoth — The  property  is  being  oper- 
ated under  A.  Bodleson,  of  Sumpter. 
Work  will  continue  on  a  larger  scale. 

White  Points — This  company  is  obtain- 
ing good  results  in  opening  a  group  near 
Sumpter.  ' 

Josephine  County 

Oriole — New  machinery  is  being  in- 
stalled in  this  mine,  owned  by  Corey 
Mattison  and  associates. 

Gold  Hill — This  company,  B.  H.  Har- 
ris, president,  has  started  work  on  a  large 
power  plant  which  will  be  of  great  value 
to  the  mines  of  the  Gold   Hill  district. 

Pennsylvania 

Hugh  R.  Sackett  and  G.  W.  Wilson, 
of  Pittsburg,  have  secured  700  acres  of 
coal  land  on  the  Redstone  vein,  near  Ir- 
win, in  Westmoreland  county.  They  in- 
tend to  open  a  mine  as  soon  as  possible, 
and   to  build  50  or   100  coke  ovens. 


South  Dakota 

The  Westinghouse  Electric  Company, 
already  operating  four  mica  mines  near 
Hill  City,  has  acquired  the  Crown  mine 
in  the  same  district,  and  will  proceed  at 
once  to  equip  and  work  it. 

Gold  Dollar — The  company  is  negotiat- 
ing a  sale  of  the  property,  near  Dead- 
wood. 

Seabury-Calkins — This  property  in  the 
Carbonate  district,  will  be  unwatered  and 
prospected  by  the  Black  Hills  Financial 
and  Development  Company,  Robert 
Bunce,  president. 

Tinton  Tin  Mining  Company — The  mill, 
in  the  Nigger  Hill  district,  is  now  being 
run  one  shift,  about  40  tons  of  one-per 
cent  ore  being  crushed  per  day  by  rolls 
and  passed  over  jigs  and  Wilfley  tables. 
It  is  proposed  to  add  Frue  vanners  or 
concentrators  of  that  type.  The  property 
is  owned  by  Montreal  interests,  which 
propose   to   develop   extensively. 


Utah 

Juab  County 
Gemini  —  The  electric  pump  which 
broke  down  several  months  ago  and  was 
shipped  east  for  repairs  is  being  re- 
installed on  the  1 600- ft.  level.  The  pump 
has  a  capacity  of  300  gal.  of  water  a 
minute  and  works  jointly  with  a  pump  on 
the  1900  level.  Work  will  be  resumed  on 
the  lower  levels,  when  the  pump  is  in- 
stalled. At  present  ore  is  being  mined 
on  the  1450  and  1600  levels.  The  output 
of  the  Ridge  &  Valley  mine,  which  is  be- 
ing operated  through  the  Gemini  work- 
ings is  being  taken  from  the  1500  and 
1600  levels. 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell — Sinking  the  shaft 
fiom  the  200-ft.  level  is  in  progress,  and 
raising  from  the  1000-ft.  level  to  connect 
with  this  work  will  soon  be  started.  Three 
shifts  are  employed  in  sinking,  and  two 
shifts  will  be  used  in  raising. 

Bradley — The  gasolene  hoist  on  this 
company's  claims  in  North  Tintic  is  in 
commission.  The  gallows  frame  and  hoist 
house  are  completed.  S.  E.  Evans  is 
superintendent. 

Victoria — Work  of  retimbering  the  old 
shaft  is  being  pushed  preparatory  to  sink- 
ing from  the  550-  to  1000-ft.  level.  When 
this  shaft  is  completed  ores  will  be  taken 
out  on  the  Eureka  side,  and  the  miners 
will  live  in  Eureka  instead  of  on  the 
Mammoth  side  of  the  mountain. 

Opex — Three  miners  were  killed  by  an 
explosion  of  dynamite  on  the  I925-ft. 
level,  June  25.  Nine  others  in  a  rescue 
party  were  overcome  by  powder  fumes, 
which  had  filled  the  lower  workings. 

Iron  Blossom — Drifting  is  being  done 
on  the  600- ft.  level  to  reach  the  gold  ore 
opened  on  the  500.  The  No.  1  or  South 
shaft  is  down  1675  ft.,  and  drifting  will 
be  started  when  the  1700  level  is  reached. 

East  Tintic  Consolidated — Work  has 
been  resumed  on  this  property,  and  a  con- 


92 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


tract    given    for    drifting    from    the    bot- 
tom of  the  shaft. 

King  William — It  is  reported  that  oper- 
ations will  be  resumed.  The  claims  adjoin 
the  Centennial-Eureka,  Grand  Central 
and  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell. 

Lower  Mammoth — Leasers  on  the  east 
end  of  the   1000- ft.  level  are  reported  to 
have  struck  a  good  body  of  ore. 
Summit  County 

Daly-Judge — Electrical  equipment  is 
being  installed  in  the  mill,  and  the  trans- 
mission line  from  the  mine  to  the  mill  is 
being  strung.  Power  will  be  furnished  by 
the  Snake  Creek  Power  Company.  Mill- 
ing operations  have  not  been  interrupted. 

Little  Bell — A  statement  sent  to  stock- 
holders with  the  last  dividend  shows  that 
the  earnings  for  the  quarter  ended  May 
1  were  lighter  than  for  the  two  preceding 
quarters.  This  was  due  to  the  inability 
to  market  ore  on  account  of  the  impass- 
ible condition  of  the  roads.  Work  was 
carried  on  uninterruptedly,  and  much 
milling  ore  developed.  A  mill  is  now  be- 
ing built.  The  receipts  on  three  lots  of 
ore  were  314,675,  which  made  a  cash 
balance  of  572,916.  Disbursements  for 
the  quarter,  including  purchase  of  new 
machinery  and  dividend,  were  $35,684. 
Cash  on  hand  June  1,  was  $37,232. 


Canada 
British  Columbia 

Consolidated — The  company  smelted 
in  May  35,687  tons  of  copper  ore  and 
5446  tons  of  lead  ore.  The  product  was 
gold,  $276,171;  silver,  $152,182;  copper, 
$59,615;  lead,  $84,614;  total,  $575,582. 
The  total  product  for  11  months  is 
$5,420,737. 

Ontario 

The  shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  June  24  are:  Kerr  Lake, 
420,199  lb.;  Nipissing,  463,540;  La  Rose, 
272,790;  Chambers-Ferland,  134,300; 
Crown  Reserve,  124,170;  Temiskaming, 
60,000;  Silver  Cliff,  42,460;  Coniagas, 
58,100;  Hudson  Bay,  55,000;  Right-of- 
Way,  60,990;  Millerett  (Gowganda), 
57,340;  total,   1,748.889  pounds. 

Dominion — This  reduction  company 
will  erect  a  100-ton  customs  concen- 
trator on   Cross   Lake. 

O'Brien — A  rich  oreshoot  has  been 
fund  in  No.  16  vein  in  the  diabase  below 
the   conglomerate. 

Buffalo — The  cyanide  plant  is  making 
an  extraction  of  66  per  cent,  on  13  oz. 
slimes. 

Nipissing — For  the  five  months  ended 
May  31  this  company  produced  $1,001,- 
156  silver  at  a  cost  of  5161,228. 

Temiskaming — There  are  now  two 
veins  producing  high-grade  ore  at  the 
400-ft.  level.  The  mill  is  handling  100 
tons  daily. 

York-O'Brien — A  new  vein  has  been 
cut  on  the   100-ft.  level. 


Trethewey — Ore  is  being  mined  from 
the  new  shaft.  The  new  concentrator 
is   running   full   capacity. 

Royal  Wcstmoiint — Six  good  veins 
have  already  been  uncovered  this  sea- 
son. A  new  steam  plant  will  be  in- 
stalled in  the  fall  on  the  Elk  Lake 
property. 

Crown  Resen'e — The  drift  at  the  200- 
ft.  level  is  in  the  conglomerate  and  is 
being  run  up  Kerr  lake  parallel  to  the 
Kerr  Lake  Company  line  to  cut  the  veins 
located  by  diamond  drill.  The  Victoria 
vein  struck  on  May  24  south  of  the  main 
vein  is  holding  in  width  and  silver  con- 
tent, being  high-grade  ore,  one  assay 
yielding    6000    ounces. 

Mikado — At  this  gold  mine  in  north- 
western Ontario,  operations  have  been 
resumed  in  charge  of  Captain  Nickerson. 

Mexico 

Chihuahua 
Compania  Minera  de  las  Plomosas — - 
This  French-Mexican  company  has  ac- 
quired the  zinc  property  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  State,  owned  and  operated  for 
several  years  by  Jose  Lago.  Jose  Luis 
Requena,  of  Mexico  City,  is  president 
and  C.  Clerc,  manager.  The  property 
has  been  a  regular  shipper  of  high-grade 
carbonate  ore  and  with  the  systematic  de- 
velopment planned  by  the  new  owners 
will  probably  show  increased  production. 

Mexico-Orient  Mining  Syndicate — This 
company,  with  £25,250  capital,  has  been 
formed  in  London  to  acquire  properties 
from  the  Stilwell  interests  along  the 
Mexico  &  Orient  railway.  Three  copper 
properties  are  under  option  to  the  syndi- 
cate   which  proposes  to  develop  them. 

Batopilas — Cable  from  London  says 
the  organization  of  the  Batopilas  Mining, 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company,  Ltd.,  of 
London,  to  take  over  the  lease  of  certain 
groups  of  mines  of  the  Batopilas  com- 
pany, of  Mexico,  has  been  completed. 
Shares  of  the  English  company  to  the 
number  of  50,000  have  been  underwritten 
and  listed  on  the  Paris  bourse.  Stock  of 
the  English  company  to  the  amount  of  75 
per  cent,  is  owned  by  the  Batopilas  com- 
pany. It  is  proposed  to  make  similar  ar- 
rangements for  working  other  mines  of 
the  Batopilas  Mining  company,  and  also 
for  starting  new  mines  throughout  the 
company's  concession,  which  covers  61 
sq.m.  The  more  extensive  operations  are 
expected  to  assure  an  increased  revenue. 

San  Francisco  del  Oro — This  .Parral 
company  has  begun  the  construction  of 
a  spur  railway  from  the  mine  to  Moline, 
on  the  Parral  &  Durango.  Progress  is 
being  made  on  the  new  mill.  W.  S.  Har- 
rison is  in  charge. 

Cherokee — At  this  property,  in  the  San 
Julian  camp,  south  of  Parral,  active  mill 
construction  is  under  way  and  it  is  ex- 
pected that  the  plant  will  be  operative  in 
early  fall.  Harold  D.  Higgins  is  man- 
ager. 


Hidalgo 
La  Cruz — A  rich  strike  is  reported  at 
this  property   in  the   Santa   Rosa   district 
at    Actopan,    about    an    hour   and    a    half 
west   of   Pachuca. 

Dos  Carlos — This  property,  recently 
sold  to  a  London  syndicate  through 
Charles  Greunwade,  will  start  work  under 
direction  of  E.  K.  Mitchell.  The  prop- 
erty adjoins  the  Santa  Gertrudis  and  is 
now  known  as  the  South  Santa  Ger- 
trudis. 

Mexico 

Bncn  Dcspacho — Capitalization  of  this 
company,  of  El  Oro,  is  being  increased 
to  $1,000,000,  represented  by  20,000 
shares,  $50  each,  8000  shares  of  which 
will  be  controlled  by  Pichon,  Durand  & 
Co.,  Paris  bankers,  who  will  list  the  se- 
curity upon  the  Paris  bourse.  This  same 
Paris  company  has  an  option  to  increase 
the  capitalization  of  the  Victoria,  of  EI 
Oro,  to  $1,100,000,  and  to  list  the  shares 
on  the  bourse. 

SlNALOA 

Butters  Copala — F.  M.  Perry,  general 
manager  of  Mines  Company  of  America, 
has  examined  the  mines,  60  miles  east  of 
Mazatlan.  It  is  understood  Mr.  Perry 
will  take  the  management  of  the  Copala 
group  of  low-grade  properties. 

Panuco — This  mine,  in  the  Copala  dis- 
trict, is  milling  40-  to  50-oz.  ore  to  a 
monthly  profit  of  $20,000.  which  is  paid 
to  its  Spanish  owners.  This  property  is 
operated  entirely  by  Mexicans  and  is 
owned  in  Spain. 

Santa  Lucia — The  Palo  Verda  mine,  a 
gold-silver  property,  55  miles  northeast 
of  Mazatlan,  has  a  mill  and  cyanide  plant 
ready  for  erection.  Charles  Thomas,  of 
Los  Anaeles,  is  owner. 

So NORA 

River — This  copper  company,  in  the 
San  Antonio  district,  is  developing;  it  is 
owned  by  Lake  Superior  men.  F.  X. 
Pellis  is  in  charge. 

Hudson  Consolidated — This  company, 
in  the  San  Antonio  district,  has  en- 
countered good  ore  in  the  main  prospect- 
ing shaft,  and  is  planning  development 
under  management  of  Herman  Wendler. 

Dnluth-Moctezuma — The  Monte  Cristo 
mine  is  shipping  a  car  a  month.  C.  H. 
Jones  is  local  manager. 


.Africa 
Rhodesia 
Gold  production  in  May-  is  reported  at 
53,419  oz.,  or  818  oz.  less  than  in  April. 
For  the  five  months  ended  May  31,  the 
total  was  248,768  oz.  in  1909,  and  264,- 
289  oz.,  or  $5,462,8,S4,,  in  1910;  an  in- 
crease of  15,521  oz.  Other  production 
reported  for  the  five  months  was  95,697 
oz.  silver,  29  tons  copper,  316  tons  lead, 
18,164  tons  chrome  ore  and  56  tons  as- 
bestos. Coal  production  from  the  Wanku 
mines  was  69,8,56  tons. 


July  9,   1010. 


THb   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


93 


^  X 


THE  MARKETS 


^         X 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Miner als.  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions  and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 

New  \'ork.  July  6 — Coal  trade  in  the 
West  is  still  disturbed  in  spots,  and  the 
strike  troubles  are  not  quite  over,  though 
most  of  the  mines  are  working,  except 
in  northern  Illinois.  In  some  districts 
they  are  working  pending  a  final  settle- 
ment, but  there  is  not  much  doubt  that 
this  will  be  reached.  In  Indiana  only  one 
point  is  still  in  dispute,  but  this  will  prob- 
ably be  settled  by  conference  this  week. 
In  the  Pittsburg  district  the  contract  has 
been  completed  by  the  conference  com- 
mittee, and  is  submitted  this  week  for 
final   acceptance   and   signature. 

The  present  position  of  the  trade  is  an- 
other proof  of  the  capacity  of  the  coal 
mines  and  the  possibility  of  over-produc- 
tion. With  important  districts  idle  there 
has  been  no  scarcity  of  coal  at  any  time; 
and  with  a  large  part  of  the  Illinois  mines 
closed,  the  large  consuming  centers  like 
Chicago  and  St.  Louis  report  receipts  of 
coal  heavy  enough  to  bring  down  prices 
to  a  low  level. 

In  the  East  the  seaboard  bituminous 
trade  is  quiet,  almost  dull.  Buying  is 
slow,  and  consumers  do  not  seem  to  be 
troubling  themselves  about  winter  stocks 
yet.  All  the  mines  serving  the  seaboard 
trade  are  working,  except  in  the  Irwin 
district  in   Pennsylvania. 

The  anthracite  trade  is  quiet  and  steady 
as  usual.  Shipments  of  hard  coal  to  the 
Lake  trade  are  about  up  to  the  average. 

Illinois  Coal  Strike — A  joint  confer- 
ence of  the  miners  and  operators  of  the 
Springfield  and  Carterville  districts  has 
been  called  for  July  6.  The  miners  are 
anxious  to  go  to  work,  though  the  op- 
erators seem  to  be  independent  and  are 
not  inclined  to  make  any  concessions.  It 
is  about  an  even  break  as  to  whether 
the  difficulties  will  be  settled  at  this  con- 
ference or  not. 

Coal   Traffic    Notes 
Coal    shipments    out   of   the    Kanawha 
river,  four  months  ended   April  30,  were 
582,468  short  tons  in    1909,  and  453,620 
tons  in    1910;    decrease,    128,848   tons. 

Coal  delivered  by  the  Virginian  Rail- 
way to  tidewater  at  Sewalls  Point,  five 
months  ended  May  31,  was  20.269  short 
tons  in  1909,  and  284,741  in  1910;  in- 
:rease,  264,472  tons.  The  road  was  only 
oartly   opened    last   year. 

Shipments  of  Broad  Top  coal  over  the 
Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  year 
o  June  27  were  190,505  tons  in  1909. 
•md  300,492  in  1910;  increase,  109,987 
ons. 


Coal  production  in  Kentucky  for  the 
year  1909  is  officially  reported  at  10,296,- 
145  tons;  an  increase  of  492,768  tons 
over  1908,  but  a  decrease  of  139,916  tons 
from  the    1907  report. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

July  6 — The  market  is  steady,  and  if 
anything,  is  inclined  to  be  dull.  Steam- 
coal  demand  is  light  so  far  as  current 
business  goes. 

As  noted  last  week  lOc.  came  off  the 
summer  discounts  on  July  I.  Schedule 
pries  of  large  sizes  are  now  $4.55  for 
broken  and  S4.80  for  egg,  stove  and 
chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New^  York  harbor 
points.  For  steam  sizes,  current  quota- 
tions are:  Pea,  S2.95fr/3.25;  buckwheat, 
$2.15''f(2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
SI.65(?/2;  barley,  $1.35^/  1.50;  all  accord- 
ing to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 
The  lower  prices  are  usually  for  washery 
coals. 

Bituminous 

The  market  continues  dull,  and  hardly 
any  improvement  could  be  expected  in  a 
week  broken  up  by  a  general  holiday. 
Buying  continues,  both  locally  and  for 
New  England  trade,  but  the  call  is  for 
cheap  grades  of  coal  and  the  better  grades 
are  not  active.  A  few  contracts  are 
closed  from  time  to  time,  but  most  of 
this  business  is  out  of  the  market. 

There  is  no  improvement  in  prices. 
Good  Miller  vein  coal  goes  at  .S2.50  per 
ton,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor,  while  gas 
coal  is  sold  at  about  $1  per  ton  at  mines. 
In  some  cases  sales  have  been  made 
lower,    where    coal    is   under   demurrage. 

Car  supply  is  good  generally,  but  sum- 
mer business  is  interfering  a  little  with 
transportation,  so  that  there  are  some  de- 
lays  in  getting  coal   to   tide. 

In  the  coastwise  trad''  vc?srls  arc  in  a 
little  better  supply,  but  freights  generally 
hold  well  to  the  recent  figures.  From 
New  York,  rates  are  75''«80c.  to  points 
around  Cape  Cod.  Large  vessels  from 
Philadelphia  get  75c.  to  Boston,  Salem 
and  Portland ;  65c.  to  Providence  and  the 
Sound. 

Birmingham 
July  5 — The  coal  situation  in  Alabama 
grows  interesting  with  a  large  number  of 
orders  in  hand  and  others  in  sight,  war- 
ranting a  steady  operation  of  mines.  The 
only  thing  now  in  the  way  of  a  larger 
production  is  labor.  New  Orleans  coal 
dealers  have  been  in  the  Birmingham  dis- 
trict recently  investigating  possibilities  in 
the   way  of  handling   large   quantities  of 


coal.  The  tonnage  now  sent  to  New 
Orleans  and  the  Lousiana  market  aver- 
ages about  50,000  tons  of  coal  per  month. 
Alabama  coal  companies  are  interested  in 
the  New  Orleans  Coal  Company,  which 
has  apparatus  for  handling  coal  from  rail- 
road cars  and  barges  into  steamships. 

Coke  production  in  Alabama  is  being 
improved  wherever  possible,  the  demand 
being  strong. 

Chicago 

July  4 — Steam  producers  continue  to 
take  eagerly  the  fine  coals  that  reach 
this  market  and  the  supply  of  these  could 
be  increased  without  overstocking  the 
market.  Lump  is  at  its  usual  disadvan- 
tage in  summer.  Indiana  screenings  are 
the  most  in  demand  of  all  coals  in  sight, 
bringing  $2'«(2.20,  while  run-of-mine 
from  the  same  State  is  101/  15c.  less 
and  lump  brings  about  the  same  as  run- 
of-mine. 

Coals  from  east  of  Indiana  are  in  good 
demand,  but  not  booming.  Their  price 
is  against  them,  when  Indiana  coal  is 
available  at  present  prices.  Smokeless, 
however,  finds  increased  sale  in  run-of- 
mine  at  .S3. 15  and  Hocking  is  in  fair  de- 
mand. Anthracite  sales  are  very  light, 
though  fair  for  the  time  of  the  year. 

Considerably  more  coal  for  the  coun- 
try outside  Chicago  is  being  sold  through 
city  houses,  showing  that  the  pressure  of 
empty  bins  is  stronger  outside  the  city 
t^an  within  it.  The  country  demand  is 
largely  for  lump  and  tends  to  balance 
the  abnormal  city  demand  for  screenings. 

Cleveland 

July  4 — Local  trade  is  exceedingly  dull. 
Domestic  trade  is  dead,  and  steam-coal 
orders  come  in  very  slowly.  Lake  trade 
is  also  dull,  and  not  enough  coal  is  reach- 
ing Cleveland  to  keep  carriers  busy.  A 
good  deal  of  Ohio  coal  is  going  to  Chi- 
cago. 

Prices  are  unchanged.  Middle  district 
coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland,  is  qu6ted  at  S2  for 
1'4-in.;  SI. 85  for  ?:i-in.;  SI. 75  for  run- 
of-mine;  and  SI. 65  for  slack.  No.  8  and 
Cambridge  districts,  15  or  20c.  higher. 
Youghiogheny,  S2.45<</2.50  for  l'.^-in.; 
S2.30r./2.35  for  M-in.;  52.20OT2.25  for 
run-of-mine;  and  Sl.SOf,,  1.85  for  slack. 


Indianapolis 
July  4 — After  nearly  two  months  of 
intermittent  meetings  at  Terre  Haute,  the 
miners'  and  operators'  joint  scale  com- 
mittee has  decided  to  refer  the  one  point 
of  disagreement  to  a  joint  convention 
called  for  July  7.  This  point  is  the 
clause  in   the   wage   contract   imposing  a 


94 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


fine  of  $1  a  day  on  miners  who  go  on 
strike  without  first  exhausting  the  arbitra- 
tion method  provided  in  the  working  con- 
tract. In  the  temporary  contract  under 
which  the  miners  of  the  bituminous  field 
are  now  at  work,  the  clause  is  eliminated 
and  there  have  been  20  local  strikes  in 
two  months.  All  other  questions  have 
been  settled  and  this  problem  alone  re- 
mains for  consideration  by  the  joint  con- 


the  month  of  June,  1910,  is  the  record 
breaker  over  any  previous  June.  This 
goes  to  show  what  a  tremendous  over- 
production is  possible  in  Illinois.  With 
two-thirds  of  the  State  shut  down  the 
remaining  one-third  produced  enough 
coal  to  supply  the  entire  demands  after 
a  strike  period  when  everyone  was  short 
and  produced  a  glut  on  the  market. 
The    railroad   buying,   which   was  very 


1909. 

1,097,588 
•2,8110,508 

3,958,161) 
2,448,307 


1910, 

1,280,222 

8,446,486 

4,726,708 
2,660,422 


Changes. 

I.     182,634 

I.     585  918 

I.     768,562 
I.     202,115 


vention.     Should  the  joint  convention  fail     heavy,   ceased   during   the    last   week   of 
to  come  to  an  agreement,  according  to  a 


prominent  member  of  the  Operators'  As- 
sociation, the  temporary  contract  existing 
between  the  miners  and  operators  will 
become  void,  and  operations  at  the  mines 
will  cease. 

Notwithstanding  the  firm  standing 
taken  hy  each  side,  there  are  many  who 
believe  that  the  point  will  be  decided  sat- 
isfactorily at  the  joint  convention.  The 
miners  are  all  at  work  on  full  time  and 
at  good  pay.  They  are  anxious  that 
these  conditions  shall  continue;  how- 
ever, the  officials  and  agitators  may  force 
a  suspension  of  work,  which  will  prove 
•very  unfortunate  at  this  time. 

Pittsburg 

July  5 — Demand  for  coal  from  local 
manufacturers  has  eased  off  a  trifle,  but 
the  Lake  trade  is  taking  all  the  coal  that 
can  be  found,  so  that  shipments  and 
prices  are  maintained,  and  we  continue 
to  quote:  Mine-run  and  nut,  S1.20(l:(  1.25; 
54-in.,  S1.30'rrl.35;  domestic  I'/'-in., 
$1.50;  slack,  80(?;i85c.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke— The  holiday,  with 
Ihe  prolonged  festivities  common  to  for- 
eign-born labor,  has  created  a  mild  scarc- 
ity of  prompt  furnace  coke,  and  has  sent 
prices  up.  On  Friday,  sales  were  made 
without  difficulty  at  SI. 65,  the  price 
quoted  as  the  market  in  last  report;  on 
Saturday  that  price  was  bid  without  find- 
ing coke  and  today  several  sales  have 
been  made  at  $1.75.  No  interest  is  mani- 
fested in  contract  coke  and  the  quotation 
is  largely  nominal.  Foundry  coke  is 
moving  rather  slowly 


the  monfh,  which  accounts  for  the  break 
in  prices.  It  is  the  opinion  of  a  number 
of  operators  that  prices  will  improve 
after  July  5  for  the  reason  that  railroads 
are  bound  to  come  into  the  market  again 
and  also  that  a  number  of  mines  will  be 
shut  down  temporarily  at  least  during 
the  first  part  of  July  on  account  of  the 
new  State  mining  law.  A  number  of 
mines  have  not  been  able  to  install  all 
the  necessary  equipment  to  comply  with 
the  law  and  while  work  along  that  line 
has  been  pushed  as  rapidly  as  possible, 
not  to  interfere  with  the  tonnage,  yet 
there  is  still  a  great  deal  to  be  done. 
About  50  per  cent,  of  the  mines  are 
closed   down   on   this   account. 

Current  prices  are   as   follows   for  the 
St.    Louis   market: 


Anthra  i*  .'ufe 

Bltuii    ilbu? 

Tut;-iil  Imports. 
Stoamoi-  c«>al.. . . 

T'ltal  coal 

Coke 

Canada  took  this  year  3,311,216  tons 
of  coal,  or  70.1  per  cent,  of  the  total  ex- 
ports. Cuba  took  343,502  tons  of  coal. 
The  coke  went  chiefly  to  Mexico  and 
Canada. 

United  States  Coal  Imports— Imports 
of  coal  and  coke  into  the  United  States, 
five  months  ended  May  31,  long  tons: 


1900. 
3,115 

1910, 
42 
756,439 

Changes. 
D.         3,073 

Bituminous . 

. . .      572,760 

I.     183.679 

Total  coal  

Coke 

. . .      675,876 
76,644 

756,481 
46,461 

I.      180,6116 
I,       30,183 

Mine. 
Illinois,  Standard: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg ;. . .      $1 .  50 

2-in.  lump  and  nut 1-10 

Mine-run 1   00 

Screenings 1  00 

Trenton; 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 

3-in.  nut 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 

2-in.  nut 

Mine-run 

Screenings 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 

3-in.  nut 

Screenings 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 


St. 
Louis. 

$2.02 
1.62 
l.,52 
1.52 


Canada  furnished  this  year  649,426 
tons  of  coal  and  nearly  all  the  coke; 
Australia,  51.008  tons  of  coal;  Japan, 
50,538  tons  of  coal.  Imports  are  chiefly 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  in  the  far  north- 
western States. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  June  24:  Best  Welsh  steam,  .$4.02; 
seconds,  $3.72;  thirds,  $3.66;  dry  coals, 
$3.72;  best  Monmouthshire,  $3.60;  sec- 
onds, $3.48;  best  steam  smalls,  $1.98; 
seconds,  $1.62.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2!/2   per  cent,   discount. 


1.90 
1.75 


1.70 
1.60 
1.50 
1.50 


1.50 
1.50 
1.25 


2.42 
2.27 


IRON  TRADE-REVIEW 


Lump  or  egg. 
Mine-run  .... 


1.50 
1.10 


Pennsylvania  Anthracite: 


Nut,  stove  or  egg. 
Grate 


We   quote   standard  Connellsville   coke     coke: 


Arkan.sas  .\nthracite: 

Egg  or  grate 3 .  35 


as  follows  per  net  ton:  Prompt  furnace, 
$1.75;  contract  furnace,  $1.75fV(  1.85; 
prompt  foundry,  $2.10rr/2.25;  contract 
foundry,  $2.25rf('2.50  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ended  June  25,  at  393,- 
476  tons,  a  decrease  of  11,000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  4122  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5630 
cars  to  points  west  and  925  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of   10,677  cars. 

St.  Louis 
July  4 — The  market  for  the  past  week 
has  been  a  great  disappointment  to  the 
coal  man.  Prices  have  broken  badly  and 
the  movement  of  coal  is  slow.  This  is 
undoubtedly  due  to  the  tremendous  ton- 
nage .vhich  has  been  on  the  market  all 
month.     As  far  as  tonnage  is  concerned 


Connellsville  foundry. 

Gas  hou.se 

Smithing 


4.00 
3.65 


6.65 
6.40 


5.35 

5.40 
4.50 
4.15 


Anthracite  opened  slowly  for  the 
month  of  July.  Shipments  have  been 
curtailed  somewhat  and  very  little  coal 
has  been  on  demurrage.  About  the  mid- 
dle of  the  month  it  is  expected  that  the 
Fall  movement  will  set  in.  -The  new 
circular  of  $6.75  per  ton  on  chestnut, 
stove  or  egg  and  $6.50  on  grate,  went 
into  effect  July    1. 


FOREIGN  COAL-TRADE 


United  States  Coal  Exports— E^iports 
of  coal  and  coke  from  the  United  States, 
with  coal  furnished  to  steamships  in 
foreipn  trade,  five  months  ended  May  31, 
long  tons: 


New  York,  July  6— The  iron  and  steel 
markets  are  feeling  the  usual  midsum- 
mer dullness,  and  the  season  when  al- 
most everyone  is  taking  stock  and  figur- 
ing out  profits — or  losses — on  the  half- 
year's  business.  Ai  the  same  time  there 
is  some  buying  going  on,  but  it  will  not 
be  active  until  users  of  iron  begin  to  get 
at  some  idea  of  their  requirements  for 
the  rest  of  the  year. 

In  pig  iron  there  is  more  discussion  of 
prices  than  actual  buying.  Foundry  iron 
in  Eastern  territory  has  reached  rather 
a  low  point,  and  furnaces  are  not  making 
concessions  asked  of  them  as  freely  as 
they  were.  Southern  iron  is  being  of- 
fered rather  freely  at  low  figures.  Orders^ 
continue  to  come  in  steadily  and  the  total 
of  June  business  appears  to  have  been ' 
larger  than  was  generally  expected  or 
realized. 

In  finished  material  structural  steel 
continues  to  be  the  leader.  Large  con- 
tracts are  not  plenty  just  now,  but  a  con- 
siderable aggregate  of  small  orders  is 
being  placed.  In  fact,  it  is  the  small 
orders  in  almost  all  lines  that  are  hold- 
ing up  the  trade.  The  feature  of  the 
business  is  that  in  the  absence  of  what 
may  be  called  spectacular  orders,  few 
realize  how  large  a  total  trade  is  being 
done.      Moreover,    this    seems    likely    to 


July  9,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


95 


ieep  up  for  some  time.  Jobbing  trade 
S  very  good   for  the  season. 

CAport  business  has  been  good  through 
;he  year,  as  shown  by  the  official  reports 
given  elsewhere. 

Canadian  Iron  Merger — The  consoli- 
lation  formed  originally  as  the  Canadian 
Steel  Corporation,  has  assumed  the 
name  of  Steel  Company  of  Canada,  Ltd. 

The  merger  is  capitalized  at  S25,000,- 
300,  and  the  various  companies  will  be 
represented  by  the  following  amounts  of 
stock:  Hamilton  Steel  and  Iron  Com- 
pany, S9,300,000;  Canada  Screw  Com- 
pany, 84,000,000;  Canada  Bolt  and  Nut 
Company,  S2, 100,000;  Montreal  Rolling 
Mills  Company,  S7,650,000.  C.  S.  Wil- 
cox, Hamilton,  Ont.,  is  president. 


Baltimore 
E.xports  for  the  week  included  39,550 
lb.  zinc  dross  to  Liverpool;  3050  tons 
steel  rails  to  Brisbane,  Australia.  Im- 
ports included  16,700  tons  iron  ore  from 
Cuba. 


Birmingham 

July  5 — The  Southern  iron  market  is  a 
little  quiet  right  now,  though  there  is  a 
hopeful  feeling  expressed  on  all  sides. 
Reports  have  it  that  iron  has  been  selling 
again  at  SI  1.50  per  ton.  No.  2  foundry, 
but  in  the  offices  of  the  companies  it  is 
denied  that  iron  can  be  had  under  S12 
per  ton.  Brokers  are  authority  for  the 
statement  that  SI  1.50  per  ton  is  the  price. 
The  aggregate  sales  during  June  were 
satisfactory.  The  production  has  been 
curtailed  a  little,  another  furnace  having 
been  blown  out.  The  home  consumption 
and  the  shipments  of  iron  are  steadily  im- 
proving but  more  iron  can  be  handled 
than  at  present.  Special  brand  iron  con- 
tinues to  sell  well. 

There  is  no  change  in  the  steel  market. 
The  Southern  Iron  and  Steel  Company  is 
not  operating  its  plants  to  full  capacity. 
The  Tennessee  company  has  its  steel 
plants  going  about  as  steadily  as  during 
the  past  three  or  four  months. 

Home  consumption  is  holding  up 
wonderfully  in  Southern  territory. 


Chicago 

July  4 — Conditions  in  the  iron  market 
indicate  that  the  dullness  normally  present 
n  summer  is  now  on.  Sales  of  pig  iron 
ire  almost  wholly  of  small  lots  for  third- 
quarter  delivery,  with  fewer  melters  con- 
;erned  about  fourth-quarter  or  1911  re- 
quirements. The  aggregate  of  sales  is 
respectable,  however.  Consumption  of 
iron   and   steel   goods   continues   large. 

Southern  No.  1  brings  Sll.SOri/  12  Bir- 
ningham— $15.85'-!  16.35  Chicago  —  the 
lower  price  being  current  on  early  de- 
liveries. Northern  No.  2  is  easy  of  pur- 
;hase  at  SlG.SOr,;  17.  The  Southern  fur- 
naces appear  to  be  stronger  and  less 
Jnxious  for  sales.  Northern  charcoal  is 
^18.50^-1  19.  Coke  is  in  moderatt  de- 
mand with  the  best  Connellsville  holding 
to  $5,  Chicago. 


Cleveland 

July  I — Shipments  of  ore  hold  up  bet- 
ter than  was  expected,  and  the  June 
total  will  be  good.  Shipments  to  fur- 
naces, however,  are  a  little  slow.  No  new- 
sales  of  ore   reported. 

Pig  Iron — Some  inquiries  for  foundry 
are  being  received  and  there  have  been 
fair  sales  of  basic  pig,  with  one  lot  of 
bessemer  iron.  Prices  are  a  little  uncer- 
tain, but  $1(5.65  can  be  quoted  for  bes- 
semer; S15.25'-<(  15.50  for  No.  2  foundry; 
S1.S.85  for  No.  2  Southern;  S14.65r(( 
14.90  for  gray  forge;  all  f.o.b.  Cleveland. 

Finished  Materials — Not  much  new 
business  is  reported,  but  specifications  on 
contracts  have  been  coming  in  well.  Some 
good  sales  of  trolley  rails  and  steel  ties 
are  reported,  and  a  few  contracts  for 
structural  steel.  Iron  bars  are  selling 
better  than  anything  else.  A  good  deal 
of  shading  is  reported  on  sheets. 


Philadelphia 

July  5 — Eastern  pig-iron  makers  are 
not  quite  so  willing  to  stock  up  iron 
rather  than  sell  it  by  shading  prices,  as 
they  were  a  week  or  two  ago.  New  ne- 
gotiations have  just  started,  which  may 
deplete  stocks  enough  to  make  furnace- 
men  feel  easy.  Large  sales  of  basic  pig 
have  been  made  in  this  territory.  Scarce- 
ly any  business  has  been  done  in  foun- 
dry, and  buyers  are  not  in  the  market. 
New  England  inquiries  made  some  little 
while  ago  are  not  being  followed  up. 
Forge  iron  is  extremely  dull  in  sympathy 
with  bar  iron.  Southern  offerings  have 
not  been  repeated  and  comparatively 
little  business  was  done  during  June  by 
Southern  makers.  No.  2X  foundry  is 
quoted  today  at  S16.50  for  Northern  and 
$16  for  Southern,  and  gray  forge  at 
$15.50,  with  offerings  still  open  for 
Southern  forge  at  50c.  less. 

Steel  Billets — Nothing  has  been  closed 
in  billets. 

liars — Bar  iron  orders  could  be  placed 
at  concessions  which  would  not  have 
been  accepted  a  month  ago.  Business 
has  fallen  off,  both  in  stores  and  mills. 

Sheets — Dullness  is  characteristic  of 
the  market.  The  general  tendency  is  to 
buy  the  very  least  possible  and  wait. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — The  consumption  of 
all  lines  of  pipes  continues  heavy  and 
the  industry  shows  more  than  in  some 
other  branches. 

Plates — No  orders  of  consequence 
have  come  to  the  mills,  and  even  some 
contemplated  orders  for  this  month  have 
been  side  tracked.  Prices  are  unchanged, 
but  a  shading  is  regarded  as  the  logical 
outcome  of  conditions. 

Structural  Material — No  orders  of  con- 
sequence have  been  booked,  but  there  is 
enough  in  the  way  of  possibilities  to 
maintain  quotations  on  small  orders.  The 
business  in  ordinary  construction  in 
buildings  has  been  quite  active  this  sum- 


mer and  building  operations  calling   for 
steel  are  larger  than  last  year. 

Scrap — The  scrap  market  is  entirely 
neglected. 

Pittsburg 

July  5 — While  the  iron  and  steel  mar- 
ket is  inexpressibly  dull  as  to  actual  new 
business,  specifications  continue  quite 
good  and  on  the  whole  the  market  is  in 
better  position  than  was  expected.  The 
chief  drag  at  present  appears  to  be  the 
general  financial  position,  of  which  the 
declines  in  Wall  street  are  a  symptom. 
It  is  believed  that  much  of  the  present 
hesitancy  is  due  to  this  cause,  rather 
than  to  the  season,  although  the  season 
would  be  a  sufficient  explanation  of  the 
present  dullness. 

No  important  price  changes  have  oc- 
curred but  it  is  accepted  on  all  hands  that 
the  trend,  if  any,  is  downward.  Pig  iron,  of 
course,  has  had  a  long  decline,  and  is 
practically  stationary  now,  but  finished- 
steel  products  are  likely  to  go  down 
rather  than  up,  at  least  for  a  month  or 
two. 

A  number  of  the  independent  steel  in- 
terests have  closed  their  plants  for  in- 
ventory and  repairs,  including  the  Pitts- 
burg Steel  Company,  La  Belle  Iron 
Works,  Youngstown  Sheet  and  Tube  Com- 
pany and  Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Com- 
pany. The  Pittsburg  Steel  Company's 
plant  will  he  down  all  of  this  month, 
while  the  Republic  steel  plant  will  re- 
sume operations  on  Monday  after  nine 
days'  idleness,  the  other  plants  mentioned 
being  down  for  probably  two  weeks.  The 
iron  mills  are  down  pending  settlement 
of  the  wage  scale,  which  ma\'  not  occur 
for  some  time.  The  Amalga.nated  As- 
sociation and  Western  Bar  Iron  Associa- 
tion were  in  conference  on  the  iron-mill 
scale  at  Detroit  from  Tuesday  to  Saturday 
of  last  week,  but  even  without  a  five 
days'  conference  did  not  reach  an  agree- 
ment, and  the  conference  adjourned  with- 
out fixing  a  date  for  another  conference. 
As  the  Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Com- 
pany intended  to  be  guided  by  the  ar- 
rangements made  with  the  Western  Bar 
Iron  Association  it  is  held  up  also  by  the 
disagreement,  while  it  is  improbable  that 
any  settlement  will  soon  be  reached  be- 
tween the  Sons  of  Vulcan,  the  other  or- 
ganization, and  the  mills  which  have 
hitherto   signed   its  scale. 

While  the  feeling  in  the  market  is  far 
from  cheerful  the  outlook  is  for  dis- 
tinctly improving  business  after  the  sum- 
mer, for  all  the  had  news  seems  to  be 
out. 

Pin  Iron — The  market  is  almost  bare 
of  inquiry.  Prices  show  no  quotable 
change,  but  it  is  quite  possible  that  pres- 
ent quoted  prices  on  basic  and  bessemer 
iron  could  be  shaded  slightly  on  a  firm 
offer  for  prompt  delivery.  Quotations 
are,  f.o.b.  Valley  furnaces.  90c.  higher 
delivered  Pittsburg:  No.  2  foundry, 
S14.50;    forge,    S13.75;    malleable,    $15; 


96 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


basic,  S14.75;  bessemer,  $15.75.  The 
basic  pig-iron  average  for  June  is  an- 
nounced at  S14.70,  Valley,  against  $15.04 
in  May,  and  $17.48,  the  high  point  on 
the  recent  movement,  in  November  last. 
The  bessemer  average  is  announced  at 
SI 5.62,  against  $16.20  in  May  and  $19, 
the  high  point  :n  November,  December 
and  January.  The  Ironton  market  is  re- 
ported as  firmer,  $15  at  furnace  being 
the  minimum  quotation,  for  No.  2  foundry, 
while  a  few  weeks  ago  $14.75  was  done 
and  even  shaded.  The  southern  market 
has  held  its  own  of  late,  and  stands  at 
SI  1.25,  Birmingham,  for  No.  2,  S11.50 
for  third  quarter,  and  nearly  all  sellers 
quotating  S12  for  fourth  quarter. 

Steel — The  market  may  be  slightly 
easier,  but  it  does  not  seem  to  be  quotably 
lower.  There  is  relatively  little  demand 
at  the  moment.  We  repeat  former  quo- 
tations: Bessemer  billets,  $25 ^V/ 25.50; 
sheet  bars,  $26^(26.50;  open-hearth  bil- 
lets, $28 r((  28.50;  sheet  bars,  S28.50r„29; 
rods,  $30.50r(;31,  all  f.o.b.  maker's  mill, 
Pittsburg  or  Youngstown. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  is  quiet 
and  not  quotably  changed.  Prompt, 
$39.50;  forward,  $40'((  40.50,  Baltimore, 
freight  to   Pittsburg  being  $1.95  per  ton. 

Sheets — A  few  of  the  sheet  mills  have 
closed  for  inventory  and  repairs.  De- 
mand has  slackened  off  somewhat  but  is 
fairly  good  considering  the  season. 
Nominal  prices  continue  to  be  shaded 
about  $2  a  ton,  remaining  as  follows: 
Black,  2.40c.;  galvanized,  3.50c.;  painted 
corrugated  roofing,  $1.70;  galvanized,  $3. 
Blue  annealed  sheets  are  firm  at  the 
regular  price  of  1.75c.   for  No.   10  gage. 


St.  Louis 

July  4 — Pig  iron  continues  to  be  slow. 
Very  little  interest  is  being  shown.  A  few 
small  lots  have  been  purchased  but  not  a 
contract  worth  mentioning  has  been 
closed  in  60  days.  The  price  of  $12  per 
ton  Birmingham  or  $15.75  St.  Louis  re- 
mains the  current  figure. 


S  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE  ||g 


United  States  Foreign  Trade — Exports 
and  imports  of  iron  and  steel  in  the 
United  States  for  the  five  months  ended 
May  31  are  valued  as  below  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Department 
of  Commerce  and  Labor: 

I'.ion.  WIO.  Chnngc's. 

Exports $i;i,l)72,!>.-,7    $7G,«9.C55    I.$15.:iCr.,C;i8 

Impiirts 10,232.37.5      17,667,019     I.     l/.rUMi 


Excess,  exp.  t50,S4O,.';82    ».''i8.882,030    I.$  8,042,0.-,4 

The  leading  items  of  imports  and  ex- 
ports were  as  follows,  in  long  tons: 

-Exports — .,    f — Importp — , 


PIK  Irnn 

H<M'ap 

lillli'ts, blooms, oto. 

IWlI'H 

HllllH 

Slioi-lM  anrl  plalos. . 
Strui-tiiidlstc'i'l.... 

Wlrf'-rods 

Wlrd 

Nulls  anil  Bplkos.. 

Tlnplatns 

Pipe  and  flttlngB.. 


I'.IIKt. 
1(1,(181 

9,914 
Bn.'2r,5 
30.(103 
i)il,7Hl 
03.889 
:«I,C.17 

7.883 
l)il,318 
19,002 

3,701 
Cl,38(j 


191(1. 

33,l!ii; 

7.K99 

I>,21I0 

40.004 

1(14,440 

117.370 

69,258 

]:<,767 

67,539 

25,187 

5.939 

01,110 


19(19. 
48,280 
2,200 
5,279 
0,328 
380 
1 ,449 
3,599 
4,849 


100 


030 
110 
,892 
.704 
,082 
.343 
.701 
,1(10 


Imports  of  wire  not  given  in  quanti- 
ties; values,  $398,648  in  1909,  and  $655,- 
538  this  year. 

United  States  Iron  Ore  Movement — 
Imports  and  exports  of  iron  ore  in  the 
United  States,  five  months  ended  May 
31,  long  tons: 

1909.  I'.IIO.       Changes. 

Imports 447,833    1,00."),851      I.      018,018 

Export.s 85.416        121.940      I.        36.524 

Of  the  imports  this  year,  633,630  tons 
were  from  Cuba,  325,311  tons  from  Eu- 
rope and  101,910  tons  from  Newfound- 
land. 

Imports  of  manganese  ore  for  the  five 
months  were  77,633,  tons  in  1909,  and 
96,808  tons  in  1910;  increase,  19,175 
tons. 


i   METAL- MARKETS   H 


Neiv  York,  July  6 — The  metal  markets 
generally  show  little  change;  that  is,  they 
are  inclined  to  be  quiet  and  with  no  con- 
siderable changes  in  prices. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 

UNITED     ST.\TES     HOI.B     AND     SILVElt     IMOVEXIEXT 


M 

<tal. 

&.ia :      1 

Jlav 

1910.. 

1909.. 

Yoal 

1910.. 

" 

1909.. 

Silv.-r :      | 

Mav 

1910., 

1909.. 

Yoal 

1910.. 

1909.. 

Exports. 


$  717.678 
11,171.265 
47,917.384 
55,487.891 

4.170,7.54 
4.428,848 
22.506.835 
23.854.629 


Imports. 

i  3,143.338 

2.203.721 

14.812.014 

17.767.857 

3.3.54,715 

3.857.388 

18.593,349 

18,532,753 

Excess. 


Imp.S  2.425.660 

E.xp.      8,907,544 

33,104,770 

37.720.034 

Exp,         816,039 

571.060 

3,913.486 

6.321.876 


Kxports  from  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
ended  .Tuly  2:  field,  ,f4n(l  :  silver,  $s.-)'.l.:i(lll. 
ehietiv  to  London  and  I'arls.  Imports:  (i(tld. 
.Sns,ri.~,0;  silver,  .f  l:5S,4;l(!.  from  the  West 
Indies.    South   America.    Aostralia    and   .Tapan. 

Movement  of  gold  and  silver  through 
the  port  of  San  Francisco,  five  months 
ended   May  31  : 

Coin. 


Exports : 

Gold 

Silver 

Imports : 

Gold 

Silver 


Bullion.        Total. 

$1,970,208     $1.9711,208 

$1.5(KI        2,842,0(X)        2,843.500 


10.008 
.■>00,0(I5 


731 ,400 
304.9(12 


747,.-i28 
■:  ,907 


The  exports  of  gold  were  all  made  in 
the  month  of  January. 


Gold  and  silver  movement  in  France, 
four  months  ended  April  30: 

Imports.      Exports.  Excess, 

(iold  ..Fr.  127,809.(K10F.  9O.,551,0(H)  Irap.Fr,  37.2.58.(KHI 

1909..        204.331.000       24.402.0(10  Imp.        179.809.000 
Silver.  42.458.0(M)        60.121.IK10  Exp.  )7,603.1K)0 

1909..  4T.359.0IKI         44.172.IHIII  Imp.  3,185.1X10 

Imports  of  copper  and  nickel  coins, 
17,000  fr.;  exports,  328,000  fr.  face  value. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  June  23,  reported  by 
Messrs,    Pixley    &   Abell: 

1909.  1910.            Chanees. 

£2.870,9(M)  £2.757.000  D.    £    113.900 

1.155.100  1.113,500  B,            41.600 

82,800  D.  82,800 


India,,, 
(Jhlna. . 
Straits.. 

Total £4.108.800      £3,870.500    D.    £    238,300 

India  Council  bills  in  London  sold  at 
an  average  of  15.99d.  per  rupee. 


Gold — The  quotations  on  the  open  mar- 
ket in  London  are  unchanged  at  77s.  9d, 
per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for 
American  coin.  Arrivals  were  divided  be- 
tween London  and  Paris.  No  exports  from 
New  York. 

Platinum — Business  is  good  for  the 
season,  and  prices  have  again  been  ad- 
vanced, following  the  increase  abroad. 
Dealers  ask  $33  per  oz.  for  refined 
platinum,  and  $37.50'i(38  for  hard  metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes  un- 
der date  of  June  25,  that  a  considerable 
increase  in  prices  is  to  be  noted.  The 
stocks  brought  over  from  last  year  are 
exhausted,  and  dealers  begin  to  feel  a 
scarcity  of  metal,  so  t>.at  a  further  advice 
is  not  unlikely.  At  Ekaterinburg  small 
lots  are  quoted  at  6.70  rubles  per  zolot- 
nik — $25.19  per  oz. — for  crude  metal. 
83  per  cent,  platinum.  At  St.  Petersburg 
26,000  rubles  per  pood — S25.48  per  oz.— 
is  quoted   for  the  same  grade. 


SILVER    AXr 

KTKKI.INI! 

EXCHAXr.E 

June-July. 

30 

1 

2 

4 

5 

6 

New  York., . . 

London  , 
Sterling  Ex. , 

58K 

24iJ 

4.8600 

63  !i 

24X 

4.8590 

53 
24  )i 
4.8580 

24  ?i 

53>.,-      53?.j 

24'.      24H 

4.8580  4.8555 

New  York  (juotations.  cents  per  ounce  tro.v, 
line  silver ;  London,  pence  per  ounce,  steriin,? 
silver,   0.025   line. 


Sih'er — Current  quotations  for  silver 
are  practically  in  the  hands  of  a  group 
of  East  India  speculators  in  London  and 
India,  who  are  operating  for  a  rise,  bas- 
ing the  chances  of  an  advance  later  in 
the  season  on  economic  and  financial  con- 
ditions in  India.  Silver  in  London  and  in 
Indian  centers  is  now  in  abundant  sup- 
ply, but  under  control  of  those  who  are 
looking  for  a  betterment  in  the  price  later 
on. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tln. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

>^ 

i^ 

fl 

.J       ^- si 

3 

1 

a 

f-5 

U 

So 

,0 

1 

u  — 

0  ,_ 

x3 

9  s- 

12', 

Vihi 

4.35 

4.22' 

fi.lHI 

30 

|S)12\ 

®I2?i 

ayi 

33X 

©4,40 

(S)4.27J©6.05 

12  fi 

12',' 

4.. 35 

4.25       5  1  !■.■', 

1 

®12>i 

(5>i--i,'.' 

54  J4 

32% 

©4  40 

®4.27'.ffl5.ll7^ 

12>,' 

12  S' 

4.35 

4.25       5.(ei, 

2 

m-ih 

ffll2?i 

3'2% 

©4.40 

©4.27iffl5.07! 

4 

12', 

12  >i 

..,. 

4.:t5 

4,25       5  (Kl 

5 

ffil2?. 

ffll2,\- 

64il| 

S2H 

©4.1U 

©4.27   ©6.05 

12 '„ 

121,- 

4.35 

4.25       5.(«) 

('. 

®12'4 

©12', 

54  J,- 

32Ji 

®4  40 

©t  2V!ffl5.(l.i 

I.nnddii  (iiiotalions  are  per  lonu  tun  lU'-M' 
111.)  slandnrd  mpper.  The  New  York  qii'iii 
lions  for  elect roly lie  eopper  are  for  vi\k*'~ 
iiijjols  and  wlrchars,  and  represent  llie  Imll 
of  tlie  transactions  made  with  consiinu" 
basis  New  Yorl\.  cash.  Tlie  prices  of  caslin- 
copper  and  of  electrolytic  cathodes  ;ir'' 
usually  0.1 'Juc.  Itelow  that  of  ejec*-  ^biic 
'I'lie  cpiotations  f<,r  lead  represent  v  li  !l'-^;tli' 
transact  liuis  in  the  open  marlvct.  The  iin"t;i 
tions  on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  We-^teni 
Iirandy;    special   brands  command   a   premium. 


Julv  9.  UMO. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


97 


Copper — The  market  is  quiet  and  with- 
out special  feature.  Manufacturers  are 
busy  with  stocls-taking  and  having  cov- 
ered their  immediate  wants  a  short  time 
ago,  have  kept  out  of  the  market.  Not 
much  business  has  been  transacted  and 
the  market  closes  unchanged  at  I2^g((i 
12'  ic.  for  Lake  copper,  and  \2'A(a  12MiC. 
for  electrolytic  copper  in  cakes,  wire- 
bars  and  ingots.  Casting  copper  is  quoted 
nominally  at  12'</  12', -i  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  18^a  19c.  base  for 
arge  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
nigher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
3er  wire  is  I4c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  London  market  for  standard  cop- 
3er  has  fluctuated  within  narrow  limits, 
ind  closes  at  £54  17s.  6d.  for  spot,  and 
t55  for  three  months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
luote:  English  tough,  £58;  best  selected, 
■59r,(£59  10s.;  strong  sheets,  £67r((£68 
)er  ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
he  week  were  5.845  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
:ial  correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Jaltimore  at  2042  tons. 

Copper  in  June — The  history  of  the 
opper  market  in  June  was  a  slow  decline 
rom  the  level  of  12.>,sC.  to  12;4C.,  fol- 
owed  by  a  little  rally  and  then  again 
ecession  to  12 '4c.  A  good  volume 
if  business  was  done  both  for  domestic 
nd  foreign  accounts,  and  as  the  leading 
merest  remained  out  of  the  market,  the 
ther  agencies  succeeded  in  disposing 
f  their  product  well  ahead.  However, 
he  buying,  especially  that  by  domestic 
lanufacturers,  was  chiefly  of  hand-to- 
louth  character.  Their  strong  demand 
or  copper  for  early  shipment  indicated 
nat  they  have  allowed  their  stocks  to 
un  down  to  a  low  point.  With  the  large 
xisting  surplus  of  copper  they  have  un- 
oubtcdly  pursued,  so  far,  a  safe  policy 
1  relying  upon  hand-to-mouth  purchases, 
ut  at  the  end  of  June  it  looked  as  if 
ley  might  soon  have  to  come  to  the 
-•rms  for  which  the  leading  seller  is 
nlding,  inasmuch  as  this  interest  now 
ontrols  the  major  part  of  the  visible 
upply  in  this  country. 

Tin — The  favorable  statistics  for  last 
lonth,  which  not  only  showed  much 
irger  deliveries  for  consumption  in  the 
Inited  States  than  was  anticipated,  but 
Iso  a  falling  off  in  shipments  from  the 
traits,  gave  the  London  market  a  very 
rong  undertone  in  the  middle  of  last 
eek.  As,  however,  orders  from  this  side 
liled  to  materialize,  the  London  market 
uickly  lost  the  larger  part  of  its  ad- 
ance,  and  closes  barely  steady  at  £149 
7s.  6d.  for  spot,  avid  £150  15s.  for 
itures. 

Very  little  business  is  being  done  in 
le  domestic  market,  where  consumers 
■e  only  buying  what  they  actually  need, 
t  the  close,  spot  tin  is  quoted  at  32~,s 
;nts. 

Imports  of  tin  into  the  United  States  in 


May  arc  reported  at  4,878,357  lb.;  a  de- 
crease of  4,075,180  lb.  as  compared  with 
May,  last   year. 

Visible  stocks  of  tin  on  July  I  are  re- 
ported as  follows — including  6241  tons 
afloat:  London,  10,086;  Holland,  2020; 
United  States,  excluding  Pacific  ports, 
3594;  total,  15,700  long  tons,  a  decrease 
of  3298  tons,  as  compared  with  the  June 
1    report. 

Lead— The  market  is  slightly  firmer,  St. 
Louis  being  quoted  at  4.25^^/ 4.27'/.,  and 
New  York  at  4.35'?/  4.40  cents. 

The  London  market  for  Spanish  lead 
is  somewhat  lower  at  £12  lis.  3d.  and 
£12   13s.  9d.  for  English  lead. 

Spelter — The  market  continues  quiet, 
and  inquiry  is  small.  Early  in  the  week 
the  market  was  somewhat  firmer,  but  at 
the  close  it  has  again  eased  off  and  is 
quoted  at  5fr/ 5.05c.,  St.  Louis,  and  5.15 
'•'/5.20c.,    New    York. 

New  York  quotations  for  ,  pelter,  June 
30,  were  5.15'./ 5.20c.:  July  1  and  2, 
5.17',r„5.22':.c.;  July  5  and  6,  5.15/?/ 
5.20  cents. 

The  London  market  for  good  ordinaries 
is  10s.  lower,  being  £22  5s.,  while  £22 
10s.   is  quoted   for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  IIL,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  is  rather  quiet, 
as  is  to  be  expected  at  this  season,  but 
prices  are  unchanged.  We  quote  No.  1 
ingots  at  23', 'c.  per  lb..  New  York  de- 
livery. The  foreign  market  is  reported 
in    fair  condition. 

Antimony — The  market  still  remains 
quiet.  Cookson's  is  quoted  at  8. IS/// 
8.20c.  per  lb.  Other  prices  are  7"xr</8c. 
for  U.  S.;  T^CqTAc  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  is  on  a  good 
scale,  but  there  is  no  change  in  prices. 
New  York  quotations  are  S47  per  flask 
of  75  lb.  for  large  orders;  .S48'>/ 49  for 
jobbing  lots.  San  Francisco,  S46/(/ 46.50 
for  domestic  orders  and  S2  less  for  ex- 
port. The  London  price  is  £8  15s.  per 
flask,  with  £8  12s.  6d.  quoted  by  jobbers. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
AOiii  45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1..S0  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b. 
New  York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  65 
'■a70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Imports  and  Exports  of  Metals 

Exports  and  imports  of  metals  in  the 
United  States,  five  months  ended  May 
31,  are  reported  as  follows,  in  the  meas- 
ures usual   in  the   trade: 


Mi'lals:            E.\ii"ns.  Imports.  Excess. 

CoppiT. IniiE  tons    1(I7,(K>4  r.;).8W  Exp.      t3,iio 

CipppiT,  1900 ir.l.JJT  IHI.Itll.'i  Exp.       .W.SM 

Till.  loliK  tons 1««  2(I,J7(I  Imp.       20,(182 

Tin.  1909 150  lK,:iJ'.l  Imp.        1K.179 

Li'nil,  8lli>lt  tons.        32.-415  44.72:1  Imp.        12,308 

L'-iiil,  1909 37,234  47.7C.i;  Imp.        10,532 

Sprlldi-,  sh.  tons.             612  1.2K1  Imp.             761 

S|i.ltiT,  1909....          2.127  1,2.V2  Exp.             875 

Nkk"l,  lb fi,2-H/ir,2  i:i.'Mi,.m>  Imp.  7,fi.S3,U47 

NIckol,  1909....  4,8;t«,12:t  K.rai.oUl  Imp.  3.795,787 

Aulimnny.  lb 4,ll'.H;.ml  Imp.  4,U9li,(m 

Aliltmony.  1909.         8.e4«  4,.'')7'.I,7.V.I  Imp.  4,571,111 

Pl'itlinim.oz 43,241  Imp.       4:),241 

Pliitlnum.  1909 4I>,405  Imp.       4(1,4(15 

(Jnl.ksllvcT.  lb..        10(!,292      Exp.      l.l(!,292 

<ililrk«llv..r,  '09     Uil.9.50      Exp.      149,950 

Aluminum,  valun  tIK:).747      Exp.  $18:i,747 

Aluminum.  1909     i:)N,:t42     Exp.     138,342 

Ores,  otc. : 

Zinc  nxld".  lb.  ..11,390,114      Exp.ll,;)90,114 

ZlniToxIde. '09.. 12. 282.000      Ex  p.  12,282,000 

Zinc  ilrciss,  lb....  r>. ill. 711     Exp.  5.231,711 

Zinc  dross, '09..  9,148,447      Exp.  9,148,447 

Zlncoros.lK.tnnB         9,4:U  29,.'i.53  Imp.        20,119 

Zinc  ores,  l'.)09.          r,,460  45,274  Imp.        ;18,814 

Antlm'y  or(«»,  lb 

Ant.  orcH,  1909.              ,504  3,295.757  Imp.  3,295,253 

Chromo  ore. tons              30  18,8(18  Imp.        18,8:)8 

Chrome  ore. '09    17,741  Imp.        17,741 

Copper,  lead  and  nickel  (and  antimony 
from  Aug.  5,  1909)  include  the  metal 
contents  of  ores,  matte,  bullion,  etc.  The 
exports  given  include  reexports  of 
foreign  material.  Zinc  contents  of  ore 
imported  in  1910  were  22,409,373  lb.; 
not  reported  prior  to  date  of  new  tariff. 
Quantity  of  antimony  ore  is  not  reported 
this  year,  only  metal  contents  being 
given.  Imports  of  aluminum  are  not  re- 
ported. Exports  of  copper  sulphate  this 
year  were  equivalent  to  780,530  lb. 
copper. 


Zinc  and  Lead   Ore    Markets 


Plattcvillc,  Wis..  July  2^The  base 
price  paid  this  week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  was  S40  per  ton;  no  premium  ore  was 
sold.  The  highest  price  paid  for  lead 
ore  was  $51  per  ton;  the  base  price  of 
80  per  cent,  lead  was  S49f/50  per  ton. 

SHII-MICXT.S,    WEEK    ENT>ED    .II  LY    L'. 

OamDS  ^''"'  Load    Sulphur 

■  ore,  lb.  ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 

Plattovtlln :B9.1oo  415..500 

Highland 248,800  

OubaClty 25I.(iI0  1.52,170       183,180 

Oalena 2:)4.0(HI  

Mnden 194.570  64,610 

Shullaburc 142,(HIO  

Benton 81,320       

Hiizel  Greon 68,400        


Total 1,430,080        291,890        CKt.HKt 

Yeartodate 41,851,r.70    3,002,829  10,357,995 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  was 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separat- 
ing plants,  2,642,110  lb.  zinc  concen- 
trates. 


Joplin,  Mo.,  July  2— The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  $44  per 
ton,  the  base  $39'-/ 41  per  ton  of  60  per 
cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silicate  sold  at  $22'i/  24 
per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average 
price,  all  grades  of  zinc,  was  $36.64  per 
ton.  Lead  ore  continues  unchanged  at  $49 
per  ton  for  80  per  cent,  or  better,  with 
the  usual  deductions  for  ores  under  80 
per  cent.  test.  The  average  price  all 
grades  of  lead,  was  S48.76  per  ton. 

Only  two  previous  weeks  this  year  ex- 
ceeded this  week  in  the  shipment  of  zinc 
ore,  which  was  an  increase  of  850  tons 
over  last  week.  The  shipment  of  the 
year  is  still  4000  tons  behind  last  vear. 


98 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  9,  1910. 


SHIPMENTS.    WEEK    ENDED    .TULY 


Zinc,  lb. 

Lead  lb. 

ValuP. 

Webb  Uity-Carterville 

5.2211,790 
1,'.X)7,030 
1,310,860 
.523.620 
811.860 
497.810 
6811,92(1 
394,13(1 
237.1111 
215.680 
21li;,110 
15l'),530 
227,420 
131.1120 
119.700 
125,620 
70.740 

1,111,20(1 

296,870 

:m,020 

163,140 

134,430 

84,140 

68.080 

1.380 

64,400 

92,100 

"19,046 

$126,417 
46,325 

28,999 

13,406 

11,995 

11,711 

Miami 

8,263 
8.114 

6.103 

5.165 

4.328 

3,379 

3,010 

2.685 

2,394 

2.259 

gtoit  City    

1.415 

Totals 

12.839.760 

2,049.100 

1284.968 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
lldi  Il'.'C.  per  unit,  cJelivered  at  eastern 
acid  works;  fines,  10i4rr(llc.  Pyrites 
containing  arsenic  realize  from  H@15<2C. 
per  unit   less. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  $6.50 fri  7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  for  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
ite  ores,  50c. r^  $1.50  per  unit  less. 


27  W(?ek9 298.068.900  44.713.580    $7,097,184 

Zinc  value,  the  week.  $235,006 ;   27  weeks,  $5,940,093 
Lead  value,  the  week,      49,963;    27  weeks,     1,1.57.091 

MONTHLY   AVERAGE   PRICES. 


ZINC  OKE. 

LEAD  ORE. 

Month. 

Base  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.  1  1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

$41.25 
36.94 
37.40 
38.63 
40.06 
44.15 

$47.31 
40.69 
43.60 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 

$38.46 
34.37 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.54 
44.87 
46.76 
48  29 
47.67 

$46.16 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
.37.61 
37.83 



$52.17 
50.50 
50.82 
55.63 
56.59 
57.52 
53.74 
67.60 
56.11 
65.02 
53.94 
65.26 

$54.60 

$56.99 
63.64 
61.26 
49.72 
48.16 

48.80 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December... 

48.26 
47.70 
49.60 
61.31 
49.46 

Year 

$43.98 

$41.20 

Note — X'nder  zinc  ore  the  tirst  two  col- 
umns give  base  piices  (or  IW  per  cent,  zinc 
oi-e;  the  second  two  the  average  (or  all  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  average  lor 
all    ores   sold. 


Other  Ore  Markets 

Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent, 
iion  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — $5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
S4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
of  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quality  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  or  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  S3'>v,3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  40  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Zinc  Ore — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende, 
delivered  at  Kansas  smelting  points,  the 
current  price  is  for  the  zinc  content,  less 
eight  units,  at  the  St.  Louis  price  for 
spelter,  less  $14rn  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore, 
according  to  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 


CHEM ICALS 


New  York.  July  6 — Business  in  gen- 
eral is  quiet. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  fairly 
steady,  and  quotations  are  unchanged  at 
S4  per  100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and  S4.25 
per  100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — Trade  in  this  article  is  still 
rather  light,  but  prices  are  a  shade  bet- 
ter, $2.25^(1 2.37' _.  per  100  lb.  being 
quoted  for  white  arsenic. 

Potash  Salts — A  Washington  despatch 
says  that  the  State  Department  will  send 
a  commission  of  experts  to  Berlin  to  dis- 
cuss with  the  German  officials  the  ques- 
tions which  have  arisen  in  relation  to 
prices  of  potash  salts  in  connection  with 
the  American  contracts. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Only  a  light  summer 
trade  is  forward.  Quotations  are  2.10c. 
per  lb.  for  both  spot  and  futures. 

Sulphur — Messrs.  Parsons  &  Petit, 
New  York,  report  on  June  30  the  importa- 
tion by  them  of  1000  tons  best  unmixed 
seconds  brimstone  from  Sicily. 

Imports  and  Exports — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  chemicals  and  raw  materials  in 
the  United  States,  five  months  ended 
May  31: 

Imports.  Exports.      Excess. 

Copper  sulph.  lb 3,122.121  E.      3,122.121 

Copper  sul.,   09 1,964,388  E.      1,964.388 

Bleach,   lb 41,292,444      I.    41,292.444 

Bleach.  1909....    35.972.919  10,607   1.    35.902.312 

Potash  salts,  lb..  265.408,7,51  1,940,213   I.  2(>3.4(i8..538 

Potash  salts,'09  150,783,225  1,766,812    I.  149,016.413 

Soda  salts.  lb 16.609,(;i9  229,599   1.    15.280,020 

Soda  salts,  1909      6,873.928  273,506   I,      6.600,422 

Acetate  lime,  lb 28,062.438  E.    28,062.438 

Acetate,  1909 38,388,877  E.    38,388,877 

Nit.  of  soda,  tons         263.169  2.702   1.         260.467 

Nitrate.  1909...          148.017  3.261    I.          144.7.56 

Phosphates,  tons             9.349  429,061  E.         419,702 

Phosphates,  '09             5,577  448,344  E.         442.767 

Sulphur,  tons....            13.581  9,107   I.             4.474 

Sulphur.  1909..            12.724  9,038  1.              3,68fi 

Pvrites.  tons 325,687    I.         325,587 

Pvi-ites,  1909...  280,662    I.         280,662 

Magnesite,  lb....  106,171,280  1,813.294   1.104,367,986 

Magnesite,  1909  

Exports  include  reexports  of  foreign 
material.  Figures  for  magnesite  not  re- 
ported prior  to  July  1,  1909.  Estimating 
sulphur  contents  of  pyrites,  the  total  im- 
ports of  sulphur  in  1910  were  125,846 
tons. 


buying  land,  building  and  otherwise  us- 
ing its  money  to  put  much  of  it  into 
stocks.  Lower  levels  have  been  reached 
in  nearly  all  stocks. 

The  Curb  also  had  a  poor  week,  and 
the  holiday  was  rather  a  welcome  relief. 
The  copper  stocks  generally  found  lower 
quotations  on  a  moderately  active  busi- 
ness. There  was  no  exception  to  the 
lower  prices.  Cobalt  stocks  were  in  less 
demand  than  recently.  Goldfield  Con- 
solidated and  the  other  Nevada  stocks 
quieted  down.  The  market  closes  gener- 
ally weak  and  depressed. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York.  July  6 — The  general  stock 
markets  through  the  week  have  been  in 
a  depressed  condition,  with  prices  falling 
in  almost  every  direction.  The  trading 
has  been  largely  of  a  professional  sort 
and    the    public    seems    to    be    too    busy 


COPPER   PRODUCTION   REPORTS. 
Copper  contents  o(  blister  copper,   in  pouDdS,- 


Company. 

March. 

AprU. 

May. 

.\rizona.  Ltd 

Balaklala 

2.886.000 
1.263    33 
2,148,38:^ 
10.809.488 
2,820.000 
3,700,000 
1,698,975 
825.000 
5.339.466 
2.674.000 
1. 468.000 
2.370,000 
7.853,288 
24,000.000 
19.250.000 

2.340.000 
1.109.311 
2.777.800 
9,920,000 
2,400,0(10 
4,262,000 
1,930,000 
800,000 
5,500,000 
2,326.000 
1,288,0(W 
2,130,000 
7,902,643 
26,000,000 
16,260,IKH1 

2,610,000 
1,148,762 

Bole..  (Mexici) 

('. il.jter  Queen 

t'aluinet  &  .\riz.... 
Cauanea  (Mexico).. 
Detr.'it           

2,735,t;80 
1ii.2h:i.s56 
l,77n,UOO 
4,3110,000 
2,035,639 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con.  (Est.). 
Old  D.. minion 

70(-l,000 
6,500,000 
2,174,000 
1,326,000 

Superi.ir  &  Pitts.... 

Utah  C.^pper  Co 

Butte  District 

Lake  Superior 

2,276,000 

8,862,900 

24,8.60.000 

19.2.50.(KX) 

Total  production. 
Irap.irts.  bars.  etc.. 
Imp.  in  ore  &  matte 

89.366.867 

20,178,202 

6,181.476 

86  934,7.54 
21,180,396 
12,.527,371 

89.830.836 

24.8.50.919 

6.487,243 

Total 

115.726.546 

120,642,521 

121,1(»,99S 

Butte  district  and  Lalie  Superior  figures  are 
-■stinuUed;  others  are  reports  received  from 
t-ninpiinies.  Imports  duplicate  production  of 
('anani'a.  and  tliat  part  of  Copper  Queen  pro- 
duction wliich  comes  from  Nacozari.  Roleo 
ropper  does  not  come  to  American  refiners, 
rtah  Copper  report  for  March  incUides  for 
I  lie   first   time   the   output  of   the   Boston   mill. 


STATISTICS  OF  COPPER. 


Month. 

United 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

VII,  1909 

VIII 

118,277,603 
120,697,234 
118.1123.13... 
124,l'.67,7n'.' 
121,I11K,HIV.. 
117,828,655 

75,520,083 
69,614,207 
52,105,956 
66,3.59,617 
66,857,873 
69,519,501 

76.018.974 

IX      

.50  077  777 

X     

56261  238 

XI 

XII     

69.546,670 

Year 

1.405,403,066 

706,061,691 

1580,942,620 

116,647,287 
112,712,493 
120,067,467 
117,477,639 
123,242,476 

78,158,387 
66,618,322 
62,844,818 
67,985,951 
69,305,222 

81,691,672 

II     

37  369  518 

Ill 

IV         

40,585,767 
31  332  4;i4 

V 

45,495,400 

VI 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

Cnited 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

VII,  1909 

VIII 

IX 

X 

154.858.061 
122.596.(;07 
l:t6.196.930 
161,472,772 
153,609,620 
163,(103,627 
141,766,111 
98,463,339 
107.187,992 
123,824,874 
141,984,169 
1  ..3,425,973 

150.928.960 
171,492,160 
197,993,600 
210,224,000 
222,5(;6,400 
236,857,6(10 
244,204,800 
248,236,8(10 
254.1611,400 
249,625.6(10 
246,870,400 
239,142,400 
232,892,800 

305,787,031 
294,088,767 
333,1.10,53(1 

XI 

XII 

376,(l76,02f 
3,H9,861,127 
386,970,911 
346.7(M),139 
3t;i  3:t8  .39*2 

I,  1910 

II 

Ill       

IV 

373  450  47< 

V 

VI    

388,864,661) 
399,668.373 

VII 

FlL'iir.'s  .'ire  in  |)iiunds  of  line  copper.  V.  S 
nr-odiielbui  includes  all  eopjier  retined  In  tills 
c.^iinlry.  l.olli  from  domestic  and  imported 
miiliTJul.  Vivihie  slocks  ai-e  those  reported^ 
on  the  lirsl  day  of  ench  month,  .ts  biimght' 
over  from  the  precedlns:  month. 


July  it,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


99 


3oston,  July  5 — The  copper  share 
market  continues  to  be  influenced  by  the 
fluctuations  and  persistent  weakness  of 
the  New  York   list. 

Copper  shares  are  at  about  the  low  of 
the  year,  and  represent  a  shrinkage  of 
over  S334,000,000  from  the  high  prices 
prevailing  in  1909,  taking  38  of  the  lead- 
ing stocks.  The  Osceola's  reduction  in 
its  semi-annual  rate  from  S6  to  S4  was 
expected  and  although  it  caused  a  few 
dollars  to  be  shaded  from  the  price  of 
the  shares,  it  had  no  particular  effect  on 
the  balance  of  the  list.  Calumet  &  Hecla 
at  $519  per  share  is  the  lowest  in  a  long 
period. 

The  Curb  market  has  been  dull  and  un- 
interesting. A  lower  level  of  prices  is 
to  he  recorded  there,  with  South  Lake, 
First  National  and  Davis-Daly  at  about 
the  lowest. 

\MNeMNIII4*lltM 


TIN    AT    XKW    VMltK 


Company. 


Dollnq.     Snl(>.    i  Aint. 


AUft,  Nov 

Anin<l<>r,  Ida 

Belctior,  Nov 

Cnli'iluniii.  Nov 

Central  Euroka.  Nov 

Chollar,  Nov 

CopiiorKln;;.  Iila 

Crown  Point.  Nov 

DavlM-Dnly,  M.nt 

Davl»-Daly.  Mimt 

Ooulrt  .(;  Curry,  Nov 

Hanrook  Con..  Mich 

JUMtloO.NoV 

La  I'lilnwi,  Cat 

May  Day.  Utah 

Ophir,  Nov 

Rolndoer,  Ida 

Rhi.ilo  l.slan>l  Coppor,  Mich. 

8ooHl9h  Chlot,  Utah 

SIlviT  Hill.  Nov 

Toxan.  Utah 

YankoeCous..  Utah 


July  i 
Fob.  24 
|July  4 
I  Juno  17 
iJuno  ]■-• 
'July  ;) 
|july  311 
Juno  26 
JJuly 

jSopt. 

'Julv  17 
JAu.Oi-t. 
Juno  2^ 
Juno  111 
July  1.5 
July  4 
May  31 


July 
Juno 
July 
July 
Julv 
July 


July  20 


IJuly  27 

[July    2 
June  24 


Aug.  10 


July 
July 


.4ug. 
Aug. 


Aug. 
July 
July 


2'.>$0.0.<) 
30i  0.01 

2a  0.10 

0.10 
0.02S 
0.10 
0.01 

0.10 

O.'iO 
O.-W 
0.10 

lii'  o.ii;) 
2r>  o.iii 

.    ,   0.112 
2    0.2.5 

1   o.ooj 

.  0.60 

..  0.01 

22 1  0.05 

23'  0.01 

14|  0.02 


Miiiitlily 


Avernmre   PrioeM   off  ^l«»falM 

SII.VKI! 


January 

Folu-uary 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

July 

AuKUHt 

Sopiombor.. 

ooi.  ihor 

N<»vombor.. . 
Do<5oniber.,. 


Total 61.r)02 


Now  Ttirk. 


.51.75062 
".1.47261 
.50.4118  51 
51.428.53 
.52.1)06  .53 
.52.538:63. 
61.043  .. 


61.125 
61.440 
60  ifa 
60.703 
62.220 


London. 


24.164 
23.791 
2.) ,  (100 
24 . 483 
24.797 
24.651 


Now    York nts 

I'nrr  p,'r   sliiiHlurd 


por    (ino    ounco :    I,i>n(lon, 
ounco. 


i-ni'i'i:n. 


January.. . . 
Folu-uary.. . 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

July 

AuKUHt 

Sopiombor  . 

Oclotior 

Novoinbor.. 
Decombor. . 


T<>ar. 


Nkw  York. 


Electrolytic 


Lako. 


I'.Mr.i. 


.  H'.>3 
■J4'.) 
387 
6.;| 
803 
214 
880 
IK)7 

.870 
700 
126 
298 


19(W.  I  191(1. 

1 

14.280  13.870 
13.2116  13.710 
12,820  13. 581! 
12  93;  13.091 
13.2:18  12.886 


LoUdoU. 


rd.l9Sirj).9-23 


12.982 13.S35 


13.. 548 

i3.:Ki:) 

13.29(i 
13.210 
13.030 
13.:154 
13.647 


12.798 


57.f«8 
6)-,.  231 
67 .  383 
.50.3,18 
69.62 
58.656 
69.393 
69.021 
67.551 
68.917 
69.906 


58.732 


59.388 
59.214 
67.2:w 
,56  313 
65.310 


Now  Vcirk.  conls  per  pound  Kloilrolytic  Is 
for  i-iikos.  Ingot.'i  or  wirolmrs.  London,  pounds 
■*(orIlni:.   por  long   ton,   stiindnrtl  coppor. 


Month. 

IIHIO. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January  . . . 
Kobrunry  . . 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

28.2'.«l 
2K.7iT 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

.32.700 
32.920 
32.403 
32.976 
33.126 
32.769 

July 

August 

iS/*i»toniber. 

;Octobor 

Novombor.. 
Decern  bor.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29.126 
29.9<i6 
:to.2t)3 
:i0.476 
:i0.859 
32.913 

29.7-25 

■fills   per   pound. 


LKAD 


Now 

York. 

St.  LoulB. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February. . . . 

March 

Aplll 

Mav 

4.175 
4.018 
3.98I-. 
4.168 
4-287 
4.350 
4.321 
4.363 
4.342 
4.341 
4.370 
4.560 

4.71«J 
4.613 
4.4.59 
4.376 
4.315 
4.:t43 

4.0-25 
3.868 
3.835 
4.051 
4.214 
4. -291 
4.188 
4. -2-27 
4.215 
4.215 
4. -2.52 
4.459 

4.582 
4.445 
4 .  307 
4. -2-25 
4.1(U 
4-207 

13.113 
13.313 
13.438 
13. -297 
13.2-25 
13.031 
12  .563 
12.476 
12.781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.1-25 

13.650 
13.:f28 
13.063 
12.641 

July 

August 

Sopicinbor  . . 

oi-t-'hcr 

November... 
Docoiubor.. . 

Year 

4.273 

4.163 

13.049 

New   York   and   St.    Ixiuis,   cents  ptr  pound. 
Ircndon,  pounds  sterlinj;  per  long  ton. 


SPELTEIi 


Now 

York. 

St.  Louis. 

Lou 

don. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

l-'ebruary 

.March 

April 

May 

Juni> 

July 

August 

Septonibor  . . 

October 

Novombor... 
Docomber... 

5.141 
4.889 

4 .  757 
4.965 
6.124 
6.402 

5 .  402 
6.7-29 
5.796 
6.199 
6.381 
6, -249 

6.1111 
6. 560 
6.637 
5.439 
5,191 
5.1-28 

4.991 
4.739 
4.607 
4.815 
4.974 
6.-252 
5.-2.52 
6.679 
5.646 
0.(143 
6.231 
6.  Olio 

6.951 
6,419 

6,487 
6,-289 
6. (HI 
4.978 

21.4-25 
21., 562 
21 . 438 
21. 531 
■Jl,97.5 
22,0111) 
21,9i;9 
22.125 
•22.906 
23.200 
•23.188 
23.094 

•23.350 
■23.188 
-23.031 
■22.4(KI 
■-•2 . 1(K) 
22.219 

Year 

5.603 

5.352 

-22.-201 

N<'\v    York   mid    St.    I-ouis.   conts   pi'r   pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling;  per  lonj;  ton. 

I'KU'KS   OF   ]•!<;    lUOX  AT   riTTSIUKC. 


January--- 
February. 

Man-li 

April 

May , 

Juno 

July 

Au^'USt .... 

SoptHmbor 
October... , 
Ni)Vt»inb)»r 
Dectmibor, 

Year 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

1909.  j  1910. 

1909. 

1910.  1 

$17.I8'$19.90,»10.4D 

$17.98' 

16.73 

18.96 

16.09 

17.21 

16.40 

18  53 

15  84 

16.93 

16.79 

18.-28 

15.05 

16.84 

15.77 

17.10 

15.02 

15.94 

16.13 

16.52 

15.84 

16 .  60 

16.40 

15.90 

17.16 

16.17 

18.44 

16.80 

19.76 

17.84 

19.90 

18.37 

19.90 

18.15 

»17.46 

»16.46 



N...  2 
Foundry. 


1909.     1910 


$16-26 

15 

90 

15 

62 

15 

06 

15 

08 

15 

6.3 

16 

96 

16 

20 

17 

(W 

18 

02 

18.09 

17.90 

$16 

4o[ 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15.53 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  July    5     SALT  LAKE  July    6 


Name  of  Comp. 


Listed: 

Acacia 

Crippli'  Crk  Cou.. 

C.  K.  (It  N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

Elkton  Con 

F.l  Paso 

Fannie  BawUns. . 

FIndlay 

Gold  Dollar 

(rftld  Sovereign... 

Isabella         

Mary  McKlnnoy.. 

Pharmacist 

P..rtland 

Vindicator 

Work 

Unlisted : 

Golden  Cycle 

UnltodGoldMines 


Bid. 


.05? 

.(r2f 

.18i 
.10 

t«>* 

.83) 
J.05( 

.oh! 

1.15 
{.03; 

■m 

.68 
.03 
1  16 
.92 
.03i 

1.00 

1  Wl 


Name  of  Comp. 


Carlsa 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus  Ci>n... 

Daly  Juflge 

Grand  Central. . . . 

Iron  IJhtssom 

Little  Boll 

Lllllo  Chief 

Lower  Mamtnoth. 

Mason  Valley 

MaJ.   Mln<*8 

iMay  Day 

iNovnila  Hills 

New  York 

Prii ''..n 

B>'d  Warrior....'.. 
Silver  King Coal'n 

Sioux  Con 

Undo  8am 

|Vlctorla 


Clg. 


.45 

.391 

.49 

3.95 

1.26 

.78 

1.10 

.22 

.■20 

J.'m 

1.01; 
1. 72  J 
t  13 
.72 
J6.00 
2.10 

.2*1 

.26 

tl.07) 


SAX    KHANCISCO. 


.luly 


Name  of  Comp. 

COUSTOCE  STtJCKS 

Atlanta 

Belcher  

Best  k  Bfdcher 

Caledonia 

challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confldonce 

Con.  i^al.  b  Va.... 

('rown  Point 

E-vchequor 

(iould  b  Curry 

Halo  &  N<u^cro88.. 

Me.vlcau 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potoal  

Savage 

Slorrn  Nevada, ., , 

Union 

Yellow  Jacket,,.. 


Clg. 


.10 
.70 
.40 
..53 

t.l7 
.10 
.05 
.82 
.f>6 
.■20 
.15 
.■20 

1.07 
.86 
.91 

1.40 
.18 
.'27 
.36 
.64 


N.  Y.  EXCH, 


July    5 


Name  of  Comp,      Clg, 


Amalgamated 

Am.  Agrl.  Chom. . 
Am.Sin.*Bof.,ci>m 
Am.Sni.  4  Eot.,pr. 

Anaconda 

Hothlohom  Stool.. 
Col.  &  Hock.  CM. 
(^do.  Fui'l  k  Iron. 
Du  Ponl  P^d^r,  pf. 
F.^deral  M.  &  8... 
(ii-eat  Nor,,orectf. 
NafnalLoad.conl. 
National  L<'ad.iit. 

Nov.  ('ons(d 

Pittsburg  Coal 

Reimbllcl&S.com. 
Republic  Its,  pt. 
SlossShonrd.coni. 
Sl..ssSliellb-ld,  pr. 
TeniK'SSoe  Clipper 

Utah  Copper 

D.  S.  Stool,  com... 

U.  S.  Stool,  lit 

Va.  Car.  Cbom 


68  >i 
38 

67  >,^' 
looJi 

32 

{87;^' 

41  I 
49)4 
68Ti 

104  ;; 

18)4 

■29,>i 

91 

64 
lU 
J23 

40)2 

o'-i;i 

114  I 
66  K 


Name  of  Comp.    Clg. 


HiBc.  Nevada 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star    

West  End  Con... 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt. ... 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bond 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Rod  Hill 

Sandstorm 

Sliver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramjis  Con.... 


3.60 
.06 
.■27 
.31 
.24 
.00 
.64 
.10 
.12 
.07 
.06 
.49 
.02 
.•25 
.08 
.01 
.02 
.08 
.12 
.04 


BOSTON  EXCH.  July    5 


Name  of  comp.      Clg. 


N.  Y,  CURB 


July   si 


Name  of  Comp, 

Clg. 

Bfinanza  (.'rook. . . 

3 

liost.in  Copper 

18 

Braden  Coi)p6r... 

3)i 

B.  C.  Copper 

5 

Buffalo  Mines 

J2)i 

Butte  Conlltlon... 

10, >4 

Calediiiua 

% 

Cobalt  Central 

10>i 
.08 

Cobalt  Prov 

69 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

IX 

Cumberland  Ely.. 

9 

Davls-Daly 

v. 

Dominion  Cop 

V 

Ely  ('on  

.50 

4 

2  22 

Gila  Copper 

6 

6?i 

Gold  Hill 

U 

QoldnoldCon 

»ii 

Greene  Cananea.. 

li« 

Guanajuato 

Ufi 

Ouggen.  Exp 

186 

Kerr  Lak(^ 

.08 

4 

9(1 

McKlnloy-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Coppor  — 

18« 

Minos  Co.  of  Am.. 

04 

Mont.  Shoshone.. 

% 

Mont.-Toniiiiah... 

{.70 

Nov.  Utah  M.  k  8. 

New  Baltic 

f! 

Nowbou.so  M.  i  8. 

3S 

Nlplsslng  Mines.. 

lOX 

Ohio  Copper 

Ml 

Pad  lie  Sm.  &  M.. 

',; 

Rav  (.'entral 

'i>« 

IS 

Silver  (^uoen 

t.36 

Standard   Oil 

010 

Stewart 

sl! 

Tonopah 

Toniipah  Ex 

1.90 

Trl-Hulllon 

H 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop. . 

Vtli 

Yukon  Gold 

4 

LONDON        July    o: 


Name  of  Com 


Dolores. 
Stratton'slncl. 

Camp  Itird 

Esporanza.,,, 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Orovllle. 
M<>xlco  Mines 


Clg, 


Adventure 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

.\rlzoiui  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Butte  k  Balak.... 
Calumet  *  Ariz... 
ICalumot  &  H(?cla. 

iCeutonnlal 

icon.  Morcur 

jCoppor  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

JGranby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Islo  Boyale 

Keweenaw 

Lako 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Buttp 

North  Lake 

OJIbway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Bost. . 
Superior  &  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  8.  Smg.  &  Ref.. 
tU.8.Sm.&R<\.pd. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


S 
36 
21  >i 

4 
13S' 

S>i 
16 

12X 
60 
619 
14H 
t.08 
68« 

8 

7 

9« 
30 

ie)i 

■•2H' 
12 
14  )i 

3 
43  )i 
10 

7 

4 
46 
18S' 
■20>i 

9 

6« 
32 
120 
12 
16>i 

J'^ 
38)4 

»yi 

9)4 
48 

6 
.365^ 
47 

3 
19  V 

2« 

6 
108 

1>4 


BOSTON  CURB  July    S 


Name  of  comp. 


Ahmoek 

Bingham  Mines. . 

Boston  Ely 

BoHwyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

jChamplon 

'Chemung 

Chi<«f  Cons 

ICons.  Ariz 

ICorbIn 

Crown  Reserve... . 
iFlrat  Nat.  Cop.... 

Ilnsplratlon 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Natl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. . 

,Oneco 

|Ravon  Ci»pp(>r 

Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Ariz . .. 

South  Lake 

Superior  A:  Globe 

Trethewoy 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Clg. 

tno 
3 

t.ort 
i 

8X 
.06 

t8« 
IS' 

m 

.05X 
3). 

toJ-"- 

.63 
.22 

Si". 

2« 
.26 

BJf 

OX 
23  )< 

6"i 
.30 

9 
.40 


tl^ast  (luotntlon. 


100 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  9.  1910. 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Companies — U.  S. 


Name  of  CoMPANr 

AND    Situation. 


Alaska  Mexican,  g.. 
Alaska  Treadwell,  g. 
Alaska  United,  g.  .  . 
Amalgamated,  c. .  .  . 
Am.  Sm.&Ret.,com 
Am.  Sm.  &  Ret.,pf .  . 
Am.  Smelters,  pt.  A  . 
Am.  Smelters,  pf.  B. 
Am.  Zinc.Lead&Sm. 

Anaconda,  c 

Argonaut,  g 

Arizona  Copper,  pf. 
Arizona  Copper, com. 

Atlantic,  c 

Bald  Butte,  g.  s. .  .  . 
Beck  Tunnel,  g.  s.  1. . 
Boston  A-  Montana.. 
Bull.  Beck.,tCham.,g 
Bunker  Hill*  Sull 
Butte  Coalition,  c.s. 
Caluniet&.\rizona,  c. 
Calumet  &  Ilecla,  c  . 

Camp  Bird,  g  s 

Colorado,  1.  s 

Columbus  Con.,  c.  .  . 
Con.  Mercur.,  g  .  .  .  . 
Continental,  z.  1. . .  . 
Copper  Range  Con.  . 
Creede  United,  g  .  .  . 
Daly  Judge,  g.  s.  1. . 
Daly  West,  g.  s.  1.  .  . 

De  Lamar,  g.  s 

Doe  Run,  1 

Elkton  Con.,  g 

El  Pa,so,  g 

Fed  ,M.  i&  Sm.,  com. 
Federal  M  &  S.,  pf.  . 

Findley,  g 

Florence,  g 

Frances-Mohawk,  g . 
Gemini- Keystone. . . 

Gen.  Dev.  Co 

Goldfield  Con.,  g.  . . 
Grand  Central.g.  . . . 

Granite  g 

Guggenlieim  Expl.  . 

Hecla,  s.  1 

Btomestake,  g 

Horn  Silver,  g.s.c.z.I 
Imperial,  c 


Inter'l  Nickel,  pf.  .  . 
Inter'l  Sm.  &  Ref.. . 
Iron  Blossom,  s.l.  . . 

Iron  Silver,  s.  1 

Jamison,  g 

Jerry  Johnson,  g .  .  . 

Kendall,  g 

Liberty  Bell,  g.  s.  .  . 
MacNamara,  s.  g.  .  . 
Mammoth,  g.  s.  1.  .  . 
Mary  .McKinney,  g. . 
May  Day,  g.  s.  1. . .  . 

Mohawk  M.  Co 

Mont.  Ore  Purch. .  . 
Ne\ada  (."ons.,  c. .  .  . 
Nevaila  Hills,  s.g. .  . 
New  Century,  z.l .  .  . 
Newhouse  M.  &  S.  c. 

New  Idria,  q 

New  Jersey  Zinc.  .  . 

North  Butte,  c 

North  Star,  g 

Old  Dominion,  c.  .  . 
01dDomin'n,M&Sra. 

Ophir,  g.  s 

OrovilleDredg'gLt.g. 

Osceoia,  c 

Parrot,  c.  s 

Phelps.  Dodge  &  Co. 

Portland,  g 

Quartette,  g.  s 

Quincy,  c 

Round  Mountain,  g . 

St.  Joseph,  1 

Shannon,  c 

Silver  King  Co't'n.t. 
Sioux  Con.,  s.  l.g.  .  . 
Snow  Storm,  s.  I .  .  . 
Standard  Con.,  g.s  .  , 
Stratton's  Independ. 

Swansea,  g.  6.  1 

Tamarack,  c 

Tennessee,  c 

Tomboy,  g.  s 

Tonopali  of  Nev.s  g. 
Tonopali  Belm't.s.g 
Tonopah  Ext'n,  s.  g. 
Tonopah  .Midw'y,.s.K. 
Uncle  Sam,  g.  s.  1.. . 
United  Cop.  com .  . . 

United,  c.  pf 

United,  z.  1,  pf .  .  . . 
United  Verde,  c. .  .  . 
U.S.Sm.l{.&M.,pf..  . 
U.S.Sm.R.&M.,com. 
U.  S.  Red.  &  Ref.  Pf. 
Utah,K.  (FishSp'gs) 

Utali  Con.,  c 

Utah  Copper 

Victoria,  tJtah 

Vinrlicalor  Con.,E.  . 

Wolverine,  c 

Work,  g 

Yankee  Con 

Yellow  Aster,  g 
Yukon  Gold,  g. 


.\las .  . 
Alas .  . 
.\las .  . 
Mont . 
U.  S.. 

u.  s . . 
u.  s . . 
u.  s.. 

Kan  .  . 

Mont . 
Cal .  .  . 
.\riz .  . 
Ariz  .  . 
Mich.. 
Mont . 
Utah.. 
Mont . 
Utah.. 
Ida. . . 
Mont . 
Ariz .  . 
Mich.. 
Colo .  . 
Utah.. 
Utah.. 
Utah.. 
Mo .  .  . 
Mich. . 
Colo .  . 
Utah.. 
Utah.. 
Ida... 
Mo.  .  . 
Colo . . 
Colo .  . 
Idaho. 
Idaho. 
Colo . . 
Nev... 
Nev.  . 
Utah.. 
U.  S.. 
Nev.  . 
Utah. . 
Colo .  . 
U.  S.. 
Idaho. 
S.  D.. 
Utah.. 
Ariz .  . 
N.  Y.. 
Utah  . 
Utah.. 
Colo .  . 
Cal .  . . 
Colo.  . 
Mont.. 
Colo .  . 
Nev.. . 
Utah.. 
Colo .  . 
Utah.. 
Mich. . 
Mont . 
Nev  .  . 
Nev.  . 
Mo .  .  . 
Utah.. 
Cal .  . . 
U.S.. 
Mont . 
Cal . . . 
Ariz .  . 
Ariz  .  . 
Nev  .  . 
Cal .  . . 
Mich.. 
Mont . 
U.  S . . 
Colo .  . 
Nev.. . 
Mich.. 
Nev.. . 
Mo.... 
Ariz.  . 
Utah.. 
Utah.. 
Ida... 
(;al .  . . 
Colo . . 
Utah.. 
Mich.. 
Tenn.. 
Colo.  . 
Nev.. . 
Nev.. . 
.Nev... 
Nev  . . 
Utah.. 
Mont.. 
Mont.. 
Mo. -Kan 
.Vriz .  . 
U.  S.  . 
U.  S.. 
Colo .  . 
Utah.. 
Utah.. 
Utah.. 
Utah.. 
Colo .  . 
.Mich.. 

yOlO  .  . 

Utah.. 
Cal.  .. 
U.S.ACan 


Par 

Issued.     Val. 


180 
200 
ISO 

1,538 
500 
500 
170 
300 
SO, 

1,200 
200 

1,266 

1,519 
100 
250 

1,000 
150 

ion 

327 

1,000 

200 

100 

820 

1,000 

2S5 

1,00(1 

384 

1,625 

300 

180 

80 

65 

2,500 

2,450 

60 

120 

250 

1,050 

912 

260 

3,558 
250 

1,650 
207 

1,000 
218 
400 
500 
89 
10(1 

1,000 
50(1 
390 

2,500 
500 
130 
728 
400, 

1,309, 

800 

100 

80 

1,151 
746, 
300 
600 
100 
100 
400, 
250 
293 
162 
201 
700 
96, 
229 
449 

3,000 
110, 
110 
800, 

1.00(1 
100, 

1.250, 
746, 

1,500, 
178, 

1,000, 

100, 

60, 

200, 

300, 

1,000, 

1,,500, 
13, 

1,000, 

500, 

450, 

.50, 

19, 

299, 

351, 

486, 

39, 

100, 

300, 

733, 

2,50, 

1,500, 
60, 

1,500, 
,000, 
100, 

3„500, 


,000 
,000 
,200 
87" 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,120 
000 
.000 
,120 
,896 
.000 
.000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
.000 
,000 
.000 
.000 
.540 
.000 
.000 
,18 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,749 
,000 
,000 
.000 
,000 
,000 
.000 
,000 
,000 
.(100 
,36 
,000 
,000 
.933 
,000 
,400 
,000 
.000 
.126 
,000 
.000 
,000 
,000 
.000 
,000 
.551 
.341 
,000 
,252 
,000 
,000 
,833 
,200 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,245 
,000 
,600 
,000 
,U50 
,850 
.346 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,0011 
,389 
,000 
,394 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,133 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,556 
,927 
,010 
,044 
,458 
,000 
,000 
,624 
,000 
,000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
,000 


s 

25 

5 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

25 

25 

5 

1.20 

1.20 

25 

1 

0.10 

25 

10 

10 

15 

10 


0.20 

5 

1 

25 

100 

1 

20 

5 

100 

1 

1 

100 

100 

1 
1 
1 

100 

100 

10 

1 
1 

100 

0.25 

100 

25 

10 

100 

100 

100 

20 

10 

0.10 

5 

5 

1 

2.50 
1 

0.25 

25 

25 

5 .  00 

5 

1 

10 

100 
1 

10 

25 

25 

3 

5 

25 

10 

100 

1 

10 

25 

1 

10 

10 

,5 

1 

1 

10 


25 

25 

1 .  85 

I 

1 

1 

1 

100 

100 

2.5 

Ti) 

50 

50 

100 

10 

5 

10 

1 
1 

25 

1 

1 

10 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date. 


Latest. 


Date.     [  Amt. 


-Mar 
May 
.May 


S  2,634,381 
11,335,000 
721,110 
61,271,006  Mav 

18.0110. iMio'.Iuly 

35,0()!l.l)(l()  .Inly 

4,7:;(l.(lllii   liilie 

7.1117. .lune 

360,120  .luly 

46,500,0(10  Apr. 

1,130,0(1(1  Nov. 

1,290.418  Apr. 

11,743, 197!Feb. 

990,000  Feb. 
l,354,64SlOct. 

675  000 1  Oct. 

70.025,000  Apr. 

2,728,1(1(1  .July 

ll,S:i5.:i(i(i  July 

3,200.0(111  June 

11,300.00(1  .lune 

112,050.(1(1(1  June 

5.766.65(1  (let. 

2, 210,000, June 

226 ,832 'Oct. 
3,385,313  Dec. 

231,00(1  (  let. 
9,989,100  Julv 

214,053  .luly 

225,000:Apr 
6,147,0(loL\pr. 

835,2(10  Sept. 
2.349,751  June 
2.554.46(1  June 
1,3SU,(1I5  .\l;il. 
2.708.750  .Ian. 
5.741,25(1  June 

337.500  S.'iit. 

735.(10(1  .\pr. 

516,00(1  Jan. 
2,000,110(1  Aug. 
2.639,0(1(1  Mar. 
9,247.052  July 
1,331,250  Dec. 

247.(10(1  I 'CI'. 

10,010.1'.l2'j(lly 

1.96(1,00(1  .\pr. 

25,573,01(1  June 

5,642,0(10  Sept. 

300.00(1  June 
4.891.945  .Aug. 

7.50,(100  June 

620,(100  Jime 
4,25(1.00(1  .\pr. 

370,50(1  Jan. 

100,(100  iiec. 
1,275,000  Oct. 

228,353'June 

40,213  .May 

2,220,000  .Mar. 

891.362  June 

108.000  Si-pt. 
2,050.00(1  Feb. 
9,437.274  Jan. 
1,294,9(1(1  .Mar. 

373,0(10,  Dec. 

216.0(1(1  (let. 

300.0(1(1  Sent. 

1,260,0(1(1  July 

12,00(1,000  .May 

8,800,(100  .\la'r. 


June 
.Ian. 
July 
.May 
lie( 


,686,999 
1,440,658 
1,225,500 
1,8 16, .360 
1,383.036 
8,95s,650'Julv 
6,807,6  19  ,-^ciit. 
7,0:i8,ss2  June 
S,557.(i.^o'.\pr. 

375.(1110  ,lnlv 
19, 192, ,'.00  Jiiiie 

292.65(1  ,hme 
7,05^,357  .1  line 

450.00(1  .luly 
1,659, ss5',lan. 


723,073 

937.500 

5,327,925 

5,395,865 

329,r>00 

9,420,000 

2,306,250 

3,301,000 

6,050.000 

600.000 

283,030 

250,000 

.34(1.000 

5,962,500 

1  ,.500,000 

312,782 

2,807,252 

6,826,011 

1,005,504 

323,000 

6,900.000 

3,260..S61 

182,000 

2,092,500 

5,700,000 

172.500 

182,500 

958,789 

1,100.000 


Apr. 
June 
Jan, 
.\pr. 
iMar. 
July 
Dec. 
Dec. 
July 
Apr. 
.Apr. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
.Aug. 
May 
Jan. 
June    '10 


Apr. 

Apr. 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

June 

Doc. 

Jan. 

.8ept. 

July 

Jan. 

Aug. 

Juno 


SO.  30 
0.50 
0.20 
0.50 
1.00 
1.75 
1  .  50 
1.25 
0..50 
0.50 
0.20 
0.04; 
0.30 
0.02 
0.04 
0.02 
3.00 
0.10 
0.30 
0.25 
1.00 
7.00 
0.24 
0.08 
0.20 
0.02* 
0.25 
1.00 
0.00* 
0.37i 
0.30 
0.24 
1.50 
O.OU 
0.01 
1.50 
1.75 
0.01 
0.10 
0.05 

10.00 
1  .00 
0 .  50 
0.04 
0.01 
2.50 
0.01 
0.50 
0.05 
0.20 
1.50 
2.50 
0.06 
0.  10 
0.02 

0  01 
0.02 
0.  15 
0.02* 
0.05 
0.01 
O.Oli 
1.00 

15,00 
0 .  37 1 
0.  10 
0.01 
0.50 
0.30 
4.00 
0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
0.25 

0.  10 
0.121 
4.00 
0.25 
2.50 
0.02 
0.20 

1 .  25 
0.04 
0.15 
0.50 
0.15 
0.04 
0.01  '. 
0.75 

0 .  50 
0.05 
4.00 

1 .  25 
0.48 
0.40 
0.  10 
0,  15 
0 .  05 
0.02 

1  .  75 
3.00 
0..5(1 
0.75 
0 .  87 ' 
0.5(1 
1.50 
0.02 
0 .  50 
0.75 
0.02 
0.03 
5.011 
0.0 1 
0 . 0.) 
0 .  20 
0    10 


Divided  previoua  to  consolidation.     *81,436,250.     ttll,lS7 ,500. 


Coal,  Iron  and  Other  Industrials — United  States 


Name  of  Company 

AND    SlTU-\TION. 


AUis-Chalmers,  pf .  . 
.Amer.  Ag.Chein..  pf. 
.American  Cement .  . 
.American  Coal.  .  ..  . 
Bsthlebem  Steel,  pf. 

Cambria  Steel 

Central  C.  &  C.com. 
Central  C.  &  C.,pf.. . 
CoI.&Hock.C.&I.,pf. 
Consolidated  Coal.  . 
CDiisoIidation  Coal.. 
I'lucible  Steel,  pf. .  . 
i:mpire  S.  &  I.,pf. . . 

Fairmont  Coal 

Oeneral  Chein.,  com. 
C.eneral  Chein.,  pf  .  . 
International  Salt.  . 
JefI.&crtC.&I.,cm. 
Jeff.  &crf  C.  A-I.,pf. 

Kern  River  Oil 

Lehigh  Coal  &  Nav.. 
Maryland  Coal,  pf.  . 
.\Ionon.  R.  Coal.pf. . 
Nat.  Carbon,  com.  . 
.Nat.  Carbon,  pf.  .  .  . 
National  Lead,  com. 
National  Lead.pf. . . 
Nat'l  Steel&Wire.pf. 
New  Central  Coal..  . 
New  River  Coal,  pf.. 
Pacific  Coast  Borax . 

Peerless  Oil 

Penna.  Salt 

Penna.  Steel,  pf.  .  .  . 
Phila.  Gas,  com. . .  . 

Phila.  Gas,  pf 

Pittsburg  Coal,  pf.  . 
PocahontasC.C,  pf.t 
Pocah'tasC.C,  cm.t. 
Republic  I.  ,t  S.,pf.. 
Sloss-Slietheld,  com. 
Sloss-Sliettlelil,  pf. . . 

Standard  Oil 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  com.  . 
Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  pf.  .  . 
Texas* Pacific  Coal . 
rni.  .Metals  Selling.. 
U.S.  Steel  Corp.,  cm. 
U.  S.  Steel  Corp.,pf . 
\'a  Carolina  Cn.,pf. 
Warwick  I.  *  S.  .  .  . 
Westmoreland  Coal . 


U.  S... 
U.S... 
Penn. . . 

Md 

Penn... 
Penn. . , 

Mo 

-Mo 

Ohio.. . 

Ill 

Md 

Penn. . . 
N.  J... 
W.  Va . 
U.  S  . . . 
U.  S... 
Penn. . . 
Penn. . . 
Penn .  . 
Cal ... . 
Penn.. . 

JId 

Penn. .. 
U.S.... 
U.  S... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y.., 

Md 

W,  Va . 

Cal 

Cal 

Penn. . , 
Penn. . , 
Penn. .. 
Penn. . . 
Penn. . . 
W.  Va. 
W,  Va . 

Ill 

Ala 

Ala 

U.  S... 
Tenn..  . 
Tenn. . . 
Texas.  . 
U.S... 
U.S... 
U.S... 

u.  s.., 

U.S... 
Penn. . . 


Shares. 

Par 

Issued. 

Val. 

161,500 

$100 

181,530 

100 

200,000 

10 

50,000 

25 

150,000 

100 

900,000 

50 

51,250 

100 

18,750 

100 

69,244 

100 

50,000 

100 

190,247 

100 

244,365 

100 

25,000 

100 

120,000 

100 

74,103 

100 

100,000 

100 

182,280 

100 

15,000 

100 

15,000 

100 

20,000 

100 

382,260 

50 

18,,850 

100 

100,000 

100 

55,000 

100 

45,000 

100 

206,554 

10(1 

243,676 

100 

25,778 

100 

50,000 

20 

37,617 

iOO 

19,000 

100 

92,000 

111 

60,000 

50 

165,000 

Kill 

664,800 

50 

120,000 

.50 

297,010 

100 

28,000 

100 

45,000 

100 

204,169 

100 

100,000 

100 

67,000 

100 

970,000 

100 

225,536 

100 

2,840 

100 

23,940 

100 

50,000 

100 

5,083,025 

100 

3,602,811 

100 

180,000 

100 

148,671 

10 

60,000 

50 

Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date. 


83,108,876 

2,836,800 

1,388,000 

2,609,687 

900,000 

10,585,000 

2,690,625 

1,479,999 

591,550 

350,000 

0-17.591,510 

9,102,596 

1 .008,033 

1.980,000 

£3.371,684 

7,005,000 

911,400 

330,000 

975,000 

84,000 

i/ 18, 268, 900 

2,061,122 

2,324,000 

715,000 

3,071,259 

4,231,095 

19,529,574 

631,561 

390,000 

451,405 

2,086,500 

711,000 

15,098,000 

8,662,500 

*24,264,600 

2,850,000 

11,806,225 

336,000 

t406,800 

9,262,998 

2,383,000 

4,572.400 

691,602.000 

3,5.83,060 

390,040 

1,747,620 

5,875,000 

110,033,936 

263,109,705 

16,140,869 

572,340 

8,880,000 


Latest. 


Dat 

e. 

Feb. 

'04 

Apr. 

'10 

July 

•10 

Mar. 

'10 

Nov. 

'06 

.Mav 

'10 

Jan. 

•10 

Jan. 

'10 

Oct. 

'09 

July 

'04 

.Apr. 

'10 

Sept. 

'09 

Jan. 

'10 

Jan. 

'09 

June 

'HI 

July 

'10 

Dec. 

'06 

Aug. 

'05 

Feb. 

'10 

July 

'08 

Aug. 

'10 

June 

'09 

Julv 

'08 

Apr. 

'08 

Nov. 

'08 

July 

'1(1 

June 

•10 

May 

'06 

Nov. 

'08 

Nov. 

'08 

Aug. 

'05 

June 

'08 

Oct. 

'OS 

Nov. 

•08 

Feb. 

'09 

Sept. 

•08 

Apr. 

'10 

Julv 

'09 

Oct. 

'08 

July 

'10 

June 

'111 

J  Illy 

'10 

June 

•10 

Nov. 

'07 

Nov. 

'07 

Apr. 

'09 

Jan. 

'09 

J  line 

'10 

May 

'10 

Julv 

'1(1 

May 

'10 

Oct. 

•08 

Amt. 

3.00 

0.10 

0.7S 

0.75 

0.62i 

1.50 

1.25 

1.50 

1.00 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

2.00 

1.25 

1.50 

1.00 

5.00 

2.50 

0.18 

2.00 

2.50 

3.50 

1.00 

1.75 

1.25 

1.75 

1.75 

0.40 

1.50 

1,00 

0.06 

3.00 

3.50 

0.75 

1.25 

1.25 

3.00 

3.00 

1.75 

1.26 

1.75 

9.00 

1.00 

2.00 

1.50 


00 


0.30 
2.50 


♦Since  1894.  tSince  1907.  tSince  1890. 
I/Stock  div.  52,866,950  Jan.  '10.     2 Stock 


iStock  div.  $6,130,000  Mar.  '09, 
div.  10  per  cent.  Mar.  '10. 


Canada,  Mexico,  Central  Eind  South  America 


Name  of  Company 
and   Situ.ation. 


Amistad  y  Conc'rdia 

Batopilas 

British  Columbia,  c . 

Buffalo,  s 

Butters'  Salvador, g. 
Cobalt  Central,  s  .  .  . 

Coniagas 

Consolidated  M.  &  S. 
Crow's  Nest  Pass. .  . 
Crown  Reserve,  s. . . 

Dolores,  g.  s    

Dominion  Coal,  com. 
Doniliiioii  Coal,  pf.  . 
lios  Estrollas,  g.s. .. 

El  Oro,  g.s 

Esperanza,  s.g 

Granby  Con  

Greene  Con.  Copper. 

Guana.iuato 

Guanaiuato  D.,pf.s. 
lli-dl,  y  Gold,  g.  .  .  . 
Hinds  Con.,  g.s. C.I.. . 

Kerr  Lake,  s 

La  Rose  Con.,  s. .  .  . 

I,e  Roi,  Ltd.,  g 

I.e  Roi  No.  2,  g 

Lucky  Tiger-Corn. ,g. 
McKi'nk'V-Darragh.s 
.Mex.  Ccm.  M..^S.  Co. 
Mex.  Mill.ATrans.pf. 
Mines  Co.  of  Am  ,  .  . 
N.  Y.  *  Hond.  Ros. 

Nipissing,  s 

N.  S.  St.&Coal.com. 
N   S.  St.  ACoal.pf. . 

I'cOdlos    

l'orcgrinaM.ifcM..pf. 

Pinguico,  pf.  s 

Reco,  g.s. I 

Right  of  Way Minest 

Rid  Plata 

Si'iiiril  ios  Corp.,  pf. , 
Sil\i'r  Queen,  s,  .  .  . 
'roiniskaming,  s  .  .  .  . 
1'.ni,  &  Hud.  Hay.s. 
Toziutlan  Copper. .  . 

Tilt  Cove,  c 

Trethewey.  s 

Tyoe,  c 


Mex  .  .  . 
Mex .  .  . 
B.  C... 

Ont 

.Saly.  ,, 

Ont 

Ont 

B.  C... 
B.  C... 

Ont 

Mex  .  .  . 
N.  S... 
N.  S... 
Mex  .  .  . 
Mex  .  .  . 
,Mex  .  .  . 
B.  C... 
.Mex  .  .  . 
.Mex  .  .  . 
Mex  .  .  . 
B.  C.  .  . 
Mex .  .  . 

Ont 

Ont 

B.  C... 

B.  C... 
Mex    .  . 

Ont 

Mex  .  .  . 
Mex  .  .  . 
Mex  .  .  . 

C.  A  .  .  . 

Ont 

N.  S... 
N.  S... 
Mex  .  .  . 
Mex .  .  . 
Mex .  .  . 
B.  C.  .. 

Ont 

Mex. . . 
Mex  .  .  . 
Ont...  . 

Ont 

Ont...  . 
Mex  .  .  . 
N.  F,  .. 
Ont... 
B.  C  . .  . 


Shares. 


Issued. 


9,600 

446,486 

591,709 

1,0011,000 

150,000 

5,000,000 

800,000 

53,552 

160,000 

1,750,000 

400,000 

150,000 

50,000 

300,000 

1.147,500 

455,000 

135,000 

864,000 

540,000 

10,000 

120,000 

5,000,000 

600,000 

1,498, 40' 

200,000 

120,000 

715,000 

2,247,692 

240,000 

10„500 

2,000,000 

150,000 

1,200,000 

6(1.000 

10,300 

2, .500 

10,000 

20,000 

985,000 

1,685. .".on 

373,137 

2,000 

1 ,500,000 

2,500,000 

7,761 

10,000 

44 ,500 

,000,000 

1,80,000 


Par 

Val 


1 

•  5 

100 

25 

1 

5 

100 

100 

0.50 

4.8 

1.8 

100 

10 

5 

100 

10 

1 

5 

6 

25 

25 

10 

1 

10 

100 

1 

10 

5 

100 

100 

.5(1 

100 

100 

1 

1   00 

5  on 

100 

1 

1 
1 

100 

9.72 


Dividends. 


Latest. 


Date. 


Total  to 
Date^ 

$4 17, 070 1  Apr.  '08 
t55,870!Dec.  '07 
236,683  iSept.  ^07 
S97,00(lJuly    •lO 

2,764,500 

188,460  Aug.    •OO 

l,160,00(llJuly  ^09 
781,885, Nov. 

2,018,648jJuly 

2, 1,58, 82S  July 
954,866  .May 

3,900,000  Jan. 

3,865,000  Feb. 

5,430,000  Jan. 

5.1(12.700  Dec. 
10.17s..)67  June 


Dec. 
Mar. 
Oct. 
Jan. 
July 
Feb. 
June 


3,778,6311 

6,194,400 

74,250 

214,3,56 

108,00(1 

100,000, 
2,130,000 
1,677,98(1  July 

425,000  Dec. 
1,004,40(1  Mar. 

5."i2.50(l  Fob. 

696.78  I  July 

660.000  Mar. 
65,858  July 
3.845,00(11  Aug. 
2,910,OOojMay 
4. ,575, 000 
1,140,279 

721.00(1 
4.866.687 

293.656 

420.00(1 

332.482 

392.063 

102,694 
42,699 

315,000 

525,000 
1,265,04.1 


June 
Jan. 
Oct. 
Dec. 
Mar. 
.Apr. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
Juno 
July 
Doc. 
Apr. 
Mav 
Dec. 

3is,62njnoc, 

461.998|Doc. 
281.310  Aug. 


"07 
'07 
'10 
'10 

■10 

'10 
'09 
'10 
•09 

•o: 

•06 

•10 
•10 
•08 
•10 
'10 
•06 
'1(1 
'10 
'10 
'08 
'08 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
•09 

•o 

•10 
'1(1 
•06 
•10 
•10 
•08 
'08 
•09 
'10 
•08 
•00 
•09 
'07 


Amt. 

$1.36 

0.12 

0.40 

o.a< 

0.17 

o.oi 

0.15 
1.2S 
0.62 
0.15 
0.22 
1.00 
3.60 
0.50 
0.36 
0  36 
2.00 
0.40 
0  07 
3  00 
0.30 
0.02 
0.60 
0.10  , 
0.48 
0.48 
0.05  ■ 
0.06 
0.26 
3.00 
0.03 
0.10 
0.25 
1.00 
2.00 
10.00 
3.60 
3.00 
0.02 
0.02 
0  10 
3.80 
0.03 
0.06 
3.00 
1.20 
0.24 
0.15 
0.63 


tSince  reorganization.      JPrevioiis  to  Jan.  1910,  8321,644. 


LuunnMnu'i'iu'i'trivjuu'innu'am'''''''''''>'"'r,TOtl'tTtT''i'i'''^'i'''inu'>n'iu'i'fTnTi-piTiu'iT<^ 


-W! 


iMI^ 


AND 


ENGINEERING.^. 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -%.  John  A. 
llill,  president;  Robert  McKoan,  sec- 
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in  Canada  >%,  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
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Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
/%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


JULY  i6,  iQio. 


NO.  3 


Clin  11.  \TIOS    STAI'EMEST 
Duriufi     1900     irr     itf  fitted     aiul     circulated 

5.'?4,r>O0       COjllfK       of      i'UE       EXOI.SKKRINO      A.NI) 

Mining   .7i>rii\Ai,. 

Our  chvulaliiiii   fur  June,  1910,    was  42,000 
copies. 

Julii    ■> 11,000 

•  juiji  !P r>,.-.oo 

July    Ii; 0,.')00 

^one  t^itil  i<>.  '-"'Ii/j  nu   bfivl<   numbers. 

Figures   arc    liir,    ;.<  t    riicuhttinn. 


Contents  r\r,r. 

lOdllorlals  : 

Copper  at  tlic  Mid-Year 101 

Till'  Iiuliiinn  Wage  Contract 102 

The   I'usllion   of   Silver 102 

l*)8tlnialin!:   Ore   Developed 103 

Transvaal    (lold 103 

Correspondence  and    lUscussion  : 

Troportlonlns  of  Dust  Settling  Flues 
....  Foaming  iu  the  Basic-Lined 
Converters  ....  I'Drtlaud    Canal    and 

Sheeii    Creek 104 

Classlfyin;:   .Mineral    Lands 103 

PennsylvanlJi       Smelting      Company      vs. 

Western    Uailrnnds 105 

Details  of   I'lacllcal   .Mining: 

•Interchangeable  Arrangement  for 
Steam  and  Electric  Hoist.... 'An 
Antomatic  Bucket  Dump .... 'Chute 
Gate  at  .Mammolh  Mine,  Kennet, 
Cal.  ..  .•Rapid  Shalt  Sinking  in 
Butte.  ...  •Timber  l-'raming  Machine 
at  Silver  King  Coalition ....  •Driv- 
ing Itevoivliig  Screens  on  Dredges 
....  'Stamp  Drop  Sefpience.  .  .  .Ven- 
tilation of  Wllwatersiand  Mines.  .  .  lOG 
I  John   Fritz   on    the   Growth   of   the    Iron 

Industry    110 

Labor    in    tne    Steel    Trade. 

Washinyton    Correspondence  110 

A    Charcoal    Merger 110 

Quarlerly     Heport     of     the     Lackawanna 

Steel    Company 110 

Flue  Dust  and  Fume  In  Smeltery  Gases. 

LcH'fs   7".    Wrloht  111 

Rand    Slope   Drill    Competition 112 

An   Iron   Centennial 112 

'\  .fiihanneshurfi   f'nrrcfipondcncc  112 

(I Unhealthy    I'lnctlces    In    the    Metallurgv 

of  Lead i:dnar  L.  Collins  113 

Statistical     Position     of     African     Gold 

Mines I.ontlnn     Corrrs/tondence   114 

•Cyanide  Plants  on   the  Rand 115 

The  Laws  of  Mexico //,    /,,   Senifc  116 

The   Need   of   Improved   Methods   at   .lop- 

Iln ..ilrx.    O.    I  lilsinfi   117 

•Copper     Mining     In      Metcalf     District. 

Arizona I'ctrr  H.   Scotland  118 

•rTc.over    IMolatlon    .Vpparatus 123 

■  ilinn    Society    for    Testing    Materials  123 
I'kable     I'erformance     of     Induction 

Motor     123 

•The   Surface   Condenser   In   Mine   Power 

^      Plants W.   A.   MacLeod  124 

The  Mines   of   Oregon 126 

>     Publications.  : 127 

1   Facts  Pertaining  to  Coni  Mining. 

I'lufid    II'.    Parsons  128 
I'lie  Collieries  of  the  Camplne  District..    132 

I'olllerv     Notes i:t2 

Personal.   OWiuary    and    Societies 133 

IMIIorlnl     Correspondence 134 

^lining    News 186 

\Iarkets     142 

'llhinlrnlid 


Copper  at  the  Mid- Year 

As  we  prophesied  a  fortnight  ago,  the 
American  statistics  for  June  showed  an 
increase  in  the  accumulation.  The  char- 
acter of  these  statistics  has  been  various- 
ly interpreted.  The  fact  that  the  stocks 
showed  only  a  moderate  increase  has 
been  taken  optimistically,  but  the  unex- 
pectedly large  increase  in  the  production 
and  decrease  in  the  domestic  deliveries 
has  been  the  basis  of  some  pessimism.  In 
order  to  come  to  a  sound  conclusion  re- 
specting the  actual  status  of  the  business, 
it  is  advantageous  to  review  the  statis- 
tics for  the  last  six  months,  but  before 
proceeding  to  do  that  we  shall  make  a 
comparison  between  the  figures  for  June 
and  for  May. 

The  domestic  accumulation  increased 
in  June  to  the  amount  of  7,960,044  lb., 
but  the  foreign  visible  supply  decreased 
by  6,249,600  lb.,  wherefore  the  net  in- 
crease on  this  basis  was  only  about 
1,700,000  lb.  If,  however,  we  disregard 
the  copper  reported  as  afloat,  whereof 
the  statistics  are  incomplete,  and  more 
or  less  misleading,  and  confine  attention 
to  the  copper  actually  in  stock  in  ware- 
houses abroad,  the  world's  accumulation 
showed  a  decrease  of  1,828,716  lb.  for  the 
month. 

On  the  first  of  January  the  American 
stock,  plus  the  foreign  visible  supply, 
was  .385.970.911  lb.;  on  the  first  of  July, 
401,273,817  lb.,  an  Increase  of  15,307,906 
lb.  On  the  first  of  January,  the  Amer- 
ican stock,  plus  the  stock  in  European 
warehouses  was  370,178,911  lb.;  on  the 
first  of  July,  380,043,617  lb.,  an  increase 
of  9,864,706  lb. 


In  spite  of  the  apparent  Increase  in 
the  world's  accumulation  of  copper  dur- 
ing the  first  semester  of  1910,  there  is 
no  doubt  whatever  that  actual  consump- 
tion was  materially  in  excess  of  the  pro- 
duction, the  invisible  supply  having  been 
greatly  reduced  both  in  Europe  and 
America.  According  to  our  foreign  ad- 
vices, there  was  in  stock  at  Hamburg, 
Rotterdam,  Antwerp  and  some  other  ports 
not  enumerated  in  the  regular  report,  on 
Jan.  1,  copper  to  the  amount  of  25,000,- 

000  lb.,  which  at  the  middle  of  the  year 
had  been  reduced  materially,  probably 
to  less  than  10,000,000  lb.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  1910  American  manufacturers 
probably  had  supplies  to  the  amount  of 
40,000,000  lb.  in  their  yards,  and  on  July 

1  not  to  exceed  10,000,000  lb.  It  is  safe 
to  say  that  during  the  first  half  of  1910 
the  world's  consumption  was  30,000,000 
lb.  more  than  the  production. 

The  domestic  deliveries  during  these 
six  months  amounted  to  388,275,896  lb., 
an  average  of  64,712,650  lb.  per  month. 
If  we  reckon  the  estimated  reduction  in 
the  domestic  invisible  supply,  the  actual 
consumption  in  the  United  States  in  the 
first  half  of  1910  averaged  about  70,000,- 
000  lb.  per  month.  The  average  monthly 
deliveries  in  the  last  quarter  of  1909  were 
67,700,000  lb.  To  what  extent  the  admitted 
recession  in  business  is  now  going  to  af- 
fect consumption  during  the  next  quarter 
remains  to  be  seen,  but  it  is  evident,  both 
from  the  statistics  and  from  the  common 
knowledge  in  the  trade  that  the  falling 
olT  in  domestic  deliveries  in  May  and 
June  was  due  largely  to  the  policy  of 
manufacturers  to  use  up  their  supplies 
and   buy   chlefiy   upon   a    hand-to-mouth 


102 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


basis,  and  that  these  decreases  in  deliv- 
eries were  not  actually  representative  of 
falling  off  in  consumption. 

The  matter  of  foreign  deliveries  is  cap- 
able of  similarly  favorable  interpretation. 
The  unexpectedly  large  exports  in  June 
were  due  to  large  amounts  of  copper 
shipped  from  the  refineries  during  the 
last  week  of  the  month,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  month  the  quantity  being  loaded  and 
afloat  was  undoubtedly  larger  than  at  the 
end  of  May,  but  all  of  this  copper  is  not 
going  to  appear  later  on  in  the  foreign 
statistics,  the  bulk  of  it  being  consigned 
directly  to  manufacturers. 

-As  to  production,  the  increase  in  June 
was  not  unexpected,  there  having  been 
increases  in  the  reported  production  of 
blister  copper  in  March  and  April,  which 
have  been  reflected  in  the  refinery  statis- 
tics for  May  and  June.  Although  the  lines 
of  refined  and  blister  production  do  not 
exhibit  a  constant  relation,  the  decline  in 
the  blister  production  in  May  indicates 
that  there  will  be  more  or  less  decline  in 
the  refined  production  for  July.  Although 
the  domestic  production  in  June  amounted 
to  4,240,639  lb.,  the  highest  daily  rate  on 
record,  we  have  no  reason  to  modify  our 
opinion,  previously  expressed,  that  dur- 
ing the  remainder  of  1910  the  average 
daily  rate  of  production  will  be  about 
4,000,000  pounds. 

Summarizing  the  results  of  the  last  six 
months,  it  appears  that  the  record  of  the 
copper  business  has  been  favorable 
rather  than  unfavorable,  but  it  is  patent 
that  the  world  possesses  a  large  accumu- 
lation of  copper,  and  that  until  its  absorp- 
tion becomes  more  rapid  the  price  for 
the  metal  must  continue  low  unless  pro- 
ducers help  the  situation  by  curtailing 
their  output.  As  to  the  latter,  there  is 
now  a  good  deal  of  talk,  but  very  little 
action  and  no  immediate  prospect  of  any 
radical  readjustment,  although  it  seems 
to  be  the  policy  of  the  leading  producers 
at  least  to  refrain  from  making  any  fur- 
ther increase.  If  this  policy  should  be 
adhered  to,  the  chief  uncertain  elements 
in  the  copper  market  will  be  the  question 
of  consumption,  affected  by  the  general 
commercial  situation,  especially  in  this 
country;  and  the  effect  of  the  expected 
increase  in  the  money  rate  upon  the 
financing  of  the  accumulation.  We  have 
been  passing  through  a  condition  of  gen- 
eral disquiet,  which  has  caused  many  in- 
terests to  waver  in  their  confidence.  As 
soon   as  confidence   is  restored   and   the 


copper  manufacturers  begin  to  lay  in 
stocks  more  freely,  the  visible  accumula- 
tion ought  to  be  more  rapi  ily  reduced, 
but  of  course  the  future  of  the  copper 
market  depends  ultimately  upon  the  re- 
lation between  production  and  actual  con- 
sumption. It  is  admitted  that  at  present 
the  production  is  too  large  and  that  com- 
mon sense  indicates  curtailment.  If  pro- 
ducers will  not  do  this  voluntarily  it  may 
later  become  compulsory. 


The  Indiana   Wage  Contract 


While  the  Indiana  coal  miners  returned 
to  work  some  weeks  ago  under  a  tem- 
porary  agreement,   the   contract   for  the 
two  years  to  come  was  not  yet  fully  ac- 
cepted by  either  side;  and  at  present  the 
negotiations  to  that  end  are  hanging  fire 
because  of  a  disagreement  on  one  point 
which  is  rather  notable  because  it  is  ex- 
ceptional in  the  Western  wage  contracts. 
On  all  other  points — the    mining    scale, 
day  wages,  etc. — an  agreement  has  been 
reached.     The  exceptional  point  is  what 
is  known  in  Indiana  as  the  fining  clause, 
which  was  adopted  a  year  ago  last  April. 
This   provided    for   an   arbitration   in   the 
case  of  minor  differences    or    disagree- 
ments as  to  the  meaning  of  the  contract, 
and  also  provided  that  where  miners  went 
out  on  strike  without  such  resort  to  ar- 
bitration they  should  be  fined  Si   a  day 
each  for  the  time  they  were  absent  from 
work.     This  clause  was  enforced  in  sev- 
eral cases,  notwithstanding  some  opposi- 
tion, and  proved  to  have  a  great  tendency 
to  prevent  causeless  stoppages  of  work. 
.At  the  same  time  it  was  irksome  to  many 
miners,  whose  sense  of  the  binding  na- 
ture of  a  contract  appears  to  have  been 
rather  weak.     Indiana  operators  now  in- 
sist on  retaining  this  clause,  but  the  min- 
ers are  equally  firm  in  their  opposition  to 
it.    The  operators  on  their  side  have  of- 
fered to  insert  another  clause  imposing  a 
heavy  fine  on  any  mine  operator  or  man- 
ager who  may  violate  the  terms  of  the 
wage   agreement;   but  this  offset  is  ap- 
parently not  satisfactory  to  the  members 
of  the  union. 

In  this  case  the  right  seems  to  be 
wholly  on  the  side  of  the  operators.  Some 
restraining  influence  like  the  fine  is  badly 
needed  in  many  Western  districts  where 
it  has  been  the  habit  of  the  miners  to  quit 
work  for  slight  causes  or  for  no  cause  at 
all,  thereby  embarrassing  the  operation 
of  the  mines  to  a  needless    degree    and 


creating  an  amount  of  uncertainty  which 
was  most  undesirable.  The  operators 
seem  to  have  offered  a  fair  equivalent, 
and  it  is  altogether  desirable  that  the  sys- 
tem of  arbitration  by  a  properly  chosen 
board,  which  has  worked  so  well  in  the 
anthracite  region,  should  be  extended  to 
other  districts. 


The  Position  of  Silver 


The  silver  market  just  now  has  fallen 
into  a  peculiar,  thuu..;^  not  unprecedented, 
position.  We  have  heretofore  noted  the 
gradual  advance  which  began  last  De- 
cember and  which  was  due  chiefly  to  the 
better  buying  ability  of  the  Indian 
bazaars,  and  to  some  heavy  purchases 
on  Chinese  account  early  in  the  year. 
These  causes  carried  the  average 
monthly  price  in  New  York  from  50.226c. 
in  November  up  to  53.462c.  in  June;  not 
a  startling  advance  but  one  which  had 
been  gradually  and  steadily  gained-  and 
seemed  likely  to  hold.  Moreover,  the 
good  crops  and  consequent  active  busi- 
ness in  India  were  gradually  exhausting 
the  treasury  reserve  of  coined  rupees,  so 
that  it  has  been  e.\pected  that  the  Indian 
government  would  soon  be  obliged  to 
come  into  the  market  as  a  buyer  of  silver 
for  coinage. 

All  these  causes  led  to  anticipations  of 
a  further  advance  and  to  consequent 
speculation  in  the  metal.  They  also  led 
to  heavy  shipments  to  London  and  from 
there  to  the  East;  in  the  middle  of  May 
the  total  of  the  Eastern  exports  being 
£1,029,000  greater  than  the  amount  for 
the  corresponding  period  of  1909.  About 
that  time  a  halt  was  called,  partly  be- 
cause heavy  stocks  had  accumulated  in 
India,  and  partly  because  Chinese  specu- 
lators had  begun  to  unload,  and  were 
selling  silver  in  the  Indian  markets.  For 
the  past  month  the  shipments  from  Lon- 
don to  India  have  been  light,  and  China 
has  taken  nothing. 

.At  the  present  time  there  are  known  t8 
be   heavy  unsold  stocks  in   London  and 
Bombay,   but   there    is   every   reason  to ! 
believe    that    these    can    and    will    be 
gradually  worked  off  without  disturbing  j 
the   market   or   lowering   the   price   ma- 
terially.   The    uncertain    point    is    the  1 
Chinese  position;  stocks    of   sycee    held 
in  that  country  are  believed — though  not  J 
certainly  known — to  be  considerable,  and] 
it  is  also  uncertain  to  what  extent  the! 
Chinese  holders  expect  to  unload.    The 


July  Iti,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


103 


recent  order  relative  to  a  new  currency 
in  China  will  require  a  large  amount  of 
silver  when  it  is  carried  into  effect;  but 
like  previous  attempted  currency  reforms 
in  that  country,  its  operation  may  be  post- 
poned for  a  long  time,  if  not  indefinitely. 
For  the  present  the  control  of  the 
visible  stocks  of  silver  has  passed  into 
the  hands  of  a  strong  group  of  speculators 
in  India  and  London,  who  are  evidently 
determined  to  hold  the  price  up  to  its 
present  level,  if  not  to  work  an  advance. 
That  they  are  able  to  do  it  there  is  little 
doubt,  especially  as  they  are  backed  by 
the  prospect  of  continued  demand  from 
India  and  a  possible  renewal  of  buying 
for  China.  There  seems  to  be  no  reason 
to  anticipate  any  material  recession  in 
prices  for  the  present. 


ELstimating  Ore  Developed 


With  the  exploitation  of  the  porphyry 
copper  mines  it  became  the  fashion  to 
place  great  emphasis  upon  the  tonnage  of 
ore  developed.  This  resulted  from  the 
fact  that  the  orebodies  of  this  class,  so 
far  e.xploited,  have  been  found  lying  in 
appro.\imately  horizontal  positions,  at  no 
great  depth  below  the  surface,  these  con- 
ditions making  it  possible  to  delimit 
quickly  the  orebodies  by  the  compara- 
tively inexpensive  method  of  churn  drill- 
ing. In  orebodies  of  position  approach- 
ing the  vertical  this  was  impossible  for 
reasons  that  are  so  obvious  that  they 
need  not  be  mentioned.  Let  us  make 
haste  to  say  that  this  is  one  of  the  fa- 
vorable conditions  of  the  porphyry  mines. 
The  term  "porphyry  mine"  is  in  itself  a 
misnomer,  because  some  of  the  most 
noteworthy  of  them,  such  as  those  of  the 
Miami  and  Ray  districts,  are  opened  in 
mineralized  schist,  not  porphyry. 

All  of  these  deposits  are  essentially 
of  disseminated  mineralization.  The  lodes 
of  Lake  Superior  are  also  disseminated 
mineralizations  of  low  grade,  but  al- 
though their  continuity  and  magnitude 
have  by  long  experience  been  proved  to 
be  so  persistent  as  to  warrant  large  cap- 
ital outlay  upon  the  basis  of  probable 
ore,  possible  ore,  or  ore  expected,  en- 
gineers have  seldom  been  able  to  sav 
that  any  specific  life  may  be  solely 
reckoned.  Per  contra,  in  the  case  of 
the  porphyry  mines,  a  production  at  a 
certain  rate  for  20  years,  let  us  say. 
may  be  soundly  figured,  enabling  the 
investor  to  determine   very  nearly  what 


he  ought  to  allow  for  the  redemption  of 
his  investment,  and  this  has  been  one 
of  the  great  attractions  of  this  form  of 
mining  investment. 

The  kind  of  figuring  is,  of  course,  wise, 
just  as  it  should  be,  and  in  no  way  to 
be  deprecated.  However,  like  most  new 
thing  that  are  good,  it  has  been  greatly 
overdone.  Some  manageiTients  have 
made  a  specialty  of  reporting  monthly 
the  new  developments  and  investors  have 
come  to  regard  such  reports,  when  fa- 
vorable, as  in  the  nature  of  dividends. 
The  progress  is  extending  and  we  are 
beginning  to  hear  of  estimates  of  ton- 
nage developments  in  Lake  Superior 
mines  and  others,  whereof  it  was  not 
though  to  publish  such  forecasts  a  few 
years  ago. 

The  criticism  that  we  are  about  to 
make  is  not  against  the  desirability  of 
publishing  all  available  data,  but  simply 
against  the  tendency  to  make  too  hazard- 
ous assumptions  in  making  such  esti- 
mates. It  has  not  yet  been  determinsd 
to  what  degree  the  mining  results  in 
those  orebodies  that  have  been  tested 
chiefly  by  drilling,  are  going  to  verify 
the  drill  indications.  In  one  mine  where 
the  preliminary  exploration  was  done 
chiefly  in  that  manner,  the  mining  re- 
sults were  distinctly  disappointing.  Th? 
two  porphyry  mines  that  have  become  the 
most  noteworthy  producers  were  devel- 
oped largely  in  the  old  fashioned  way, 
viz.,  by  drifting  and  raising.  The  most 
conservative  engineers  are  not  yet  ready 
to  dispense  absolutely  with  the  time- 
honored  method  of  blocking  out  ore  so 
that  it  can  be  seen  by  the  eye  and  be 
sampled  by  hand.  It  would  be  well  in 
connection  with  the  porphyry  mines  to 
make  a  distinction  between  the  ore  that  is 
actually  developed  and  that  which  is 
merely  indicated  with  more  or  less  de- 
gree of  probability. 


Transvaal  Gold 


Gold  production  in  the  Transvaal  for 
the  first  half  of  the  current  year  has 
reached  a  total  of  575,703,978,  this 
amount  being  an  increase  of  $533,017 
over  the  first  half  of  last  year.  This 
is  only  a  moderate  gain  compared  with 
those  made  in  1908  and  1909  over  prev- 
ious years.  It  has  been  made  with  no  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  producing 
mines,  and  with  only  a  small  advance 
in  the  number  of  stamps  at  work.  While 


some  mine  owners  claim  that  they  could 
do  better  with  more  men  available,  it 
does  not  appear  that  there  has  been  any 
real  shortage  of  unskilled  labor  this  year, 
the  influx  of  negroes  having  been  more 
than  sufficient  to  make  up  for  the  passing 
of  the  Chinese.  The  period  of  large 
gains  in  South  Africa  seems  to  have 
passed,  and  for  some  time  to  come  we 
must  look  for  only  moderate  increases, 
or  for  a  maintenance  of  the  present 
rate  of  output.  Even  at  that  the  Trans- 
vaal will  do  well,  for  the  half-year's 
production  points  to  a  total  of  nearly 
$160,000,000  for  the  year,  or  about  one- 
third  of  the  total  gold  output  of  the 
world. 


The  recent  decision  of  the  Board  of 
General  Appraisers,  respecting  the  zinc 
content  of  lead  ore,  is  in  conformity  with, 
the  terms  of  the  Payne  law,  in  part  at 
least,  but  is  a  good  illustration  of  the 
absurdity  of  one  schedule  of  the  latter. 
The  lead  smelter  does  not  want  zinc  iii 
the  ore  that  he  buys,  and  penalizes  the 
seller  for  its  presence.  But  the  unfor- 
tunate seller  not  only  has  to  suffer  this 
penalty,  but  also  has  to  pay  a  duty  on 
the  detrimental  impurity!  However,  the 
imposition  of  this  absurd  duty  was  purely 
political,  economic  and  technical  condi- 
tions being  of  no  consideration,  so  what 
is  the  use  of  arguing  about  it? 


The  production  of  structural  steel  in 
the  United  States  last  year  was  the  larg- 
est ever  reported,  exceeding  even  the 
boom  years  1906  and  1907.  Furthermore, 
the  structural-steel  makers  have  made  no 
complaint  of  over-production,  and  are  still 
busy.  They  have  complained  of  low 
prices,  but  never  of  lack  of  work  or  sales. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  the  building  in- 
dustry has  held  up  remarkably  well,  and 
also  that  there  is  a  steady  increase  in  the 
use  of  steel  in  construction,  even  in 
smaller  buildings. 


The  liquidation  in  the  stock  market 
has  brought  the  prices  of  copper  stocks 
down  to  more  rational  figures.  Some 
are  still  too  high,  some  are  at  about  what 
they  are  worth,  a  few  are  selling  at  less 
than  actual  value.  When  confidence  is 
restored,  the  last  should  be  the  first  to 
appreciate.  Speaking  generally  of  the 
stock  market,  the  downfall  has  been 
painful,  but   salutar>'. 


104 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


Proportioning  of  Dust  Settling  Flues 

It  is  undoubtedly  true,  as  stated  in  an 
editorial  in  the  Journal  of  June  18, 
1910,  that  the  proper  condition  for  the 
settling  of  flue  dust  is  a  large  flue  and  a 
low  velocity  of  the  gases,  but  to  this  we 
must  add  for  clearness  the  factor  of  time, 
which  is  secured  by  a  sufficient  length  of 
flue  to  give  the  falling  particles  time  to 
come  to  rest. 

To  obtain  low  velocities  it  is  not  suf- 
ficient simply  to  enlarge  the  flue  area;  for 
gases  entering  a  chamber  through  a 
smaller  opening  pass  directly  through  at 
a  high  velocity,  eddying  and  whirling 
along  the  sides  of  the  path  and  dead 
ends.  For  this  reason  it  is  necessary  in 
admitting  the  gases  to  a  large  settling 
flue,  to  utilize  the  action  of  the  diffusion 
tube,  or  put  in  deflectors  to  break  up  and 
distribute  the  current  of  gases.  This  will 
obtain  a  uniform  low  velocity  throughout 
the  entire  section  of  the  enlarged  flue. 
For  a  similar  reason  the  e.xit  from  the  en- 
largement should  be  constructed  in  a  re- 
verse form,  or  a  great  deal  of  costly  con- 
struction will  be  practically  valueless. 
The  Washoe'  plant  has  recognized  this  in 
the  admission  end,  and  the  Boston  & 
Montana'  plant,  at  Great  Falls,  .Mont., 
in  the  exit  end. 

Few  Flues  Properly  Constructed 

Aside  from  these  two  plants  I  do  not 
know  of  any  other  that  has  even  ap- 
proached correct  principles  in  flue  con- 
struction. Long  flues  with  a  gas  speed 
of  8  to  10  ft.  per  second  give  a  fair  dust 
settling  at  several  plants,  but  much 
shorter  ones,  constructed  at  a  lower  cost, 
upon  correct  principles,  would  without 
question  give  a  much  more  complete  set- 
tling of  fume  and  dust. 

The  percentage  of  flue  dust  conserved 
in  a  flue  and  its  value  cannot  be  taken  as 
a  comparative  measure  of  the  efficiency, 
even  over  long  periods,  without  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  conditions  as  to  character  of 
charge  smelted;  the  proportion  of  fines 
contained;  the  volume  of  blast  forced 
through  the  charge;  and  the  condition  of 
the  furnace  charge  column. 

Some  ores  have  the  property  of  de- 
crepitating badly  when  heated,  and  such 
ores  will  give  a  greater  amount  of  flue 
dust.  A  large  amount  of  fine  ore  on  the 
charge  will  also  have  the  same  effect.  At- 
tempting to  make  high  tonnage  by  high 


•blast  volume  will  increase  the  amount  of 
comparatively  coarse  and  easily  settled 
dust,  and  the  occurrence  of  hangings  or 
biow-holes  will  produce  the  same  result. 

Outside  Air  Should  Be  E.\cluded  from 
Flues 

Flues  should  be  built  to  prevent  the 
admission  of  outside  air,  as  any  leakage 
of  air  into  the  flue  has  the  effect  of  in- 
creasing the  volume  of  gases  and  con- 
sequently the  velocity.  For  the  same  rea- 
son if  furnace  tops  were  designed  with  a 
view  to  prevent  the  admission  of  air, 
much  smaller  flues  could  be  built,  or 
conversely,  the  larger  ones  would  be 
much  more  effective.  If  air  dilution  is 
considered  necessary,  the  proper  place  to 
do  it  is  in  the  stack. 

Distinction  between  Dust  and  Fume 

The  distinction  between  dust  and  fume 
should  be  kept  in  mind.  With  properly 
designed  flues  there  should  be  practically 
a  complete  settling  of  the  dust;  while  the 
fume  would  be  only  partially  settled  in 
any  chamber  within  the  limits  of  reason- 
able construction  costs. 

Angles  and  curves  should  be  avoided 
in  settling  flues;  as  the  former  tend  to  set 
up  whirls  and  consequent  higher  veloci- 
ties and  the  latter  cause  the  gases  to  fol- 
low the  outer  circle  by  centrifugal  ac- 
tion, thus  increasing  the  velocity  by  re- 
duction of  the  sectional  area  of  the  mov- 
ing gases. 

The  dust  settling  flue  will  show  only  a 
partial  saving  of  the  dust  and  fume.  The 
economical  development  of  the  flue  sys- 
tem is  necessarily  a  problem  in  which 
Iccal  conditions,  cost  of  construction,  in- 
terest on  investment,  and  the  costs  of 
handling,  resmelting  and  actual  recovery 
of  the  metal  content  must  be  set  over 
against  the  total  metal  losses  in  the  gases. 
Redick  R.  Moore. 

New  York,  July  9,  1910. 


Foaming    in    the   Basic-Lined 
Converter 


•Eno.  and  Mix.  JounN.,  Dec.  24.  1903. 
*Eno.    and    Min.    Jouhn.,    Jan.    16,    1909, 
p.  156. 


In  addition  to  the  causes  of  foaming  in 
the  basic-lined  converter  which  are  men- 
tioned by  R.  R.  Moore  in  the  Journal 
of  June  25,  1910,  page  1319,  I  recall 
cases  in  the  original  experiments  in  Bal- 
timore which  seemed  to  be  due  to  noth- 
ing else  than  the  absorption  of  carbon 
monoxide  by  the  molten  slag.  At  that 
time  the  practice  after  blowing  the  initial 


charge  of  matte  and  silicious  material  to 
white  metal,  was  to  turn  up  the  con- 
verter, and  fire  on  it  hard  for  a  few  min- 
utes in  order  to  get  a  very  liquid  slag  to 
permit  the  settling  of  entrained  matte. 
During  this  period  the  flame  was  strongly 
reducing.  At  times,  when  the  furnace 
was  opened  the  slag  would  immediately 
begin  to  effervesce,  this  phenomenon  con- 
tinuing after  the  slag  was  taken  out  in 
the  slag  pots,  or  even  in  handladles. 
Copper  or  its  compounds  were  not  con- 
tributory causes  as  these  slags  were  as  a 
rule  low  in  that  metal.  A  little  air 
blown  through  the  slag  increased  the 
rapidity  of  the  evolution  of  the  gas  for  a 
short  space  of  time,  after  which  the 
foaming  was  entirely  stopped.  This  was 
ascribed  to  the  oxidation  of  the  CO  to 
CO.. 

The  slags  quoted  in  Mr.  Moore's  article 
were  rather  surprising,  as  they  seem 
much  lower  in  silica  and  higher  in  cop- 
per than  my  recollection  of  the  slags  pro- 
duced back  in  the  early  experimental 
stages. 

The  objection  now  urged  to  high  silica 
was  not  heard  at  that  time,  as  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  slags  went  over  the  dump 
immediately,  so  that  if  revenue-bearing 
silica  were  available,  every  pound  which 
could  be  crowded  on  the  charge  was  so 
much  gained.  It  would  be  interesting  if 
Mr.  Moore  could  inform  us  whether  it 
has  been  found  more  economical  to  crowd 
the  tonnage  and  produce  foul  slags,  or 
whether  the  changes  made  in  evolving  the 
present  type  of  furnace  have  made  the 
production  of  a  low-grade  slag  impos- 
sible. Donald  M.  Liddell. 

Grasselli,  Ind.,  July  5,  1910. 


Portland  Canal  and  Sheep  Creek 


1  desire  to  suggest  that  much  caution 
be  taken  respecting  reports,  at  present 
being  given  wide-spread  publicity,  re 
Portland  Canal,  and  Sheep  creek,  the 
latter  in  the  Nelson  mining  division.  It 
is  known  to  me  that  some  of  them  are  be- 
ing sent  out  by  men  whose  word  I  would 
not  accept  without  full  verification.  Fur- 
ther, in  regard  to  Portland  Canal  espe- 
cially, most  of  the  reports  are  grossly  ex-, 
aggerated.  .As  yet  there  are  only  three 
or  four  companies  doing  real  mining. 
One  alleged  "mining  engineer"  who  has 
gotten  into  print  seems  to  me  more  like 
a  "hot  air"  real  estate   agent. 

Engineer. 

Nelson,  B.  C,  July  4.  1910. 


July  -16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


105 


Classifying    Mineral     Lands 
Withdrawn 


Washington   Correspondence 


President  Taft's  action  in  withdrawing 
a  large  area  of  public  lands  supposed 
to  be  valuable  for  coal,  oil,  phosphate 
and  other  products  has  thrown  a  large 
increase  of  work  upon  the  Geological 
Survey  for  the  coming  year.  The  with- 
drawals made  last  week  were  made 
under  the  terms  of  the  so  called  "with- 
drawal act"  passed  by  Congress  during 
the  latter  days  of  the  session  and  the 
step  taken  is  supposed  to  be  an  earnest 
of  the  conservation  policy  of  the  Taft 
administration.  The  classification  of  the 
lands  is  as  noted,  however,  to  be  made 
by  the  Geological  Survey  and  not,  as 
supposed  by  some,  by  the  Bureau  of 
Mines.  It  remains  to  be  seen  how  much 
of   the    land    will    be    restored    to    entry. 

The  purpose  of  the  coal-land  surveys 
will  be  twofold,  to  expedite  complete 
restoration  to  agricultural  entry  of  land, 
determined  to  be  barren  of  coal,  although 
included  in  the  general  withdrawals,  and 
to  promote  the  utilization  of  the  coal- 
fields. The  General  Land  Office  is  now 
depending  upon  the  Geological  Survey  to 
furnish  detailed  valuations  for  every 
40-acre  tract  of  coal  land  that  is  placed 
on  the  market.  In  the  western  oilfields 
the  Survey  officials  assert  their  policy 
will  be  that  of  protecting  the  oil  man 
from  the  agricultural  claimant,  while  the 
oil  prospector  will  be  protected  against 
the   gypsum   entryman. 

With  regard  to  the  new  work  in  coal, 
phosphate,  oil,  etc.,  the  plan  has  been 
adopted  of  keeping  ledger  accounts  of 
;ich  class  of  work  from  which  the  total 
.reage  classified  b\  months  and  by 
btates  and.  in  case  of  coal  lands,  the  re- 
lation between  the  prices  fixed  by  law 
can  be  expeditiously  determined.  These 
ledger  accounts  will  be  extended  to  the 
past  work  as  soon  as  possible,  and  when 
completed  will  give  detailed  statistics 
correct  to  date  and  immediately  available. 


Pennsylvania     Smelting     Company 
vs.  Western  Railroads 


The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
rendered  the  following  report  on  the  com- 
plaint of  the  Pennsylvania  Smelting 
Company  against  the  Western  railroads, 
concerning  the  question  of  rate  from  the 
Ctur  d'Alene  lead-mining  district,  in 
Idaho,  to  the  company's  plant  at  Car- 
negie, Penn. : 

"The  rate  charged  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  ore  and  concentrates  from  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  district  to  Carnegie,  Penn., 
and  Atlantic  coast  points  is  S12  per  net 


ton,  though  the  haul  to  Carnegie  is  about 
440  miles  less  than  the  haul  to  the  At- 
lantic coast  points.  But  from  all  other 
points  in  the  United  States  where  such 
metalliferous  products  originate,  whether 
ore  from  the  mine  or  bullion  from  the 
smeltery,  the  rates  are,  as  a  general 
rule,  60c.  per  ton  less  to  Carnegie  than 
to  New  York. 

Water  Competition,  Sole  Defence  of 
Railroads 

"The  complainant  corporation  alleges 
that  the  rate  of  $12  per  net  ton  ap- 
plied on  lead  ore  and  concentrates,  to 
which  commodities  this  complaint  ex- 
clusively pertains,  is  in  violation  of 
sections  1,  2,  3  and  4  of  the  act 
to  regulate  commerce,  and  prays  that 
a  differential  of  60c.  per  2000  lb.  be  al- 
lowed Carnegie  so  that  the  rate  will  be 
SI  1.40  per  ton.  The  complainant  pre- 
sented testimony  in  support  of  the  alle- 
gation that  this  rate  violates  the  first 
four  sections  of  the  act  to  regulate  com- 
merce, but  the  defendants  relied  only  on 
one  defense,  namely,  that  the  S12  rate  to 
the  Atlantic  coast  points  was  made  ne- 
cessary through  water  competition,  and 
was  extended  westward  as  a  blanket  rate 
as  far  as  Chicago,  111.,  including  Car- 
negie, and  that  under  the  circumstances, 
a  higher  rate  to  Carnegie  might  with  per- 
fect propriety  be  established.  And  in 
support  of  the  contention  that  the  S12 
rate  to  the  Atlantic  coast  points  was  com- 
pelled by  water  competition,  evidence  in 
the  form  of  two  shipments  of  pig  lead 
from  San  Francisco  to  New  York  via 
water  was  presented,  which  shows  that 
there  was  charged,  respectively,  S4  and 
S5  per  ton.  The  rate  from  the  Cosur 
d'Alene  district  to  San  Francisco  via  rail 
and  water  is  S5.50  per  ton,  which  would 
make  the  entire  rate  upon  these  s.lip- 
ments  from  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district  to 
New  York  via  water  and  rail  39.50  and 
S10.50  per  ton,  respectively.  But  this 
defense  is  destroyed,  as  the  defendants 
in  Great  Northern  tariff.  I.  C.  C.  No.  A- 
3002,  published  a  rate  on  pig  lead  from 
Seattle,  Everett  and  Tacoma,  Wash. — 
smelting  points  on  the  Pacific  coast— to 
Carnegie,  of  S12.10  per  ton,  and  to  New 
York  of  S12.70  per  ton,  there  being  a 
differential  of  60c.  in  favor  of  Carnegie. 

Competitors  Obtained  Same  Rates  for 
Atlantic  Points 

"Moreover,  from  the  testimony,  it  ap- 
pears that  the  complainant  is  the  only 
smelter  and  refiner  of  lead  ore  and  con- 
centrates between  Chicago  and  the  Atlan- 
tic coast,  and  therefore  the  only  one  af- 
fected by  the  rate  in  question.  One  of  its 
competitors  f-as  a  smeltery  at  Perth  Am- 
boy,  N.  ,).  and  obtains  the  same  rate  upon 
the  ore  as  complainant.  It  is  asserted  that 
the  Perth  .Amboy  smeltery  is  owned  by 
the  same  corporation  which  owns  smel- 
teries at  East  Helena,  .Mont.,  and  various 


other  places.  It  further  appears  that 
these  smelteries  can  lay  down  pig  lead 
at  any  point  in  the  United  States  at  a 
much  less  freight  rate  than  complainant. 
For  instance,  the  smeltery  at  East  Helena 
can  haul  55  per  cent.  lead  ore  from  the 
CfEur  d'.Alene  district  to  East  Helena,  and 
there  smelt  it,  and  deliver  the  bullion  in 
Pittsburg  at  a  freight  rate  amounting  to 
$9.40  per  ton  less  than  the  complainant 
can  haul  the  same  ore  from  the  same  ori- 
ginating territory  and  deliver  it  in  Pitts- 
burg, which  is  eight  miles  from  Carnegie 
and  practically  the  home  city  of  complain- 
ant. When  75  per  cent,  ore  is  hauled,  the 
East  Helena  smelter  can  lay  down  the 
product  in  Pittsburg  at  a  rate  amounting 
to  $4.65  per  ton  less  than  the  complain- 
ant. Apparently  the  complainant  can- 
compete  more  favorably  when  it  buys- 
high-grade  ore  than  low-grade  ore,  this- 
being  due  to  the  fact  that,  while  the  rate- 
on  the  ore  is  a  little  lower  than  that 
applied  on  the  product,  the  greater  ton- 
nage of  the  ore  makes  the  rate  applied' 
thereon  commensurately  higher.  The- 
State  of  Idaho  produces  more  lead  ore 
than  any  other  district  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district 
produces  large  quantities  of  high-grade- 
lead  ore  containing  silver  (the  specific 
ore  the  complainant  desires  to  obtain), 
and  why  it  should  be  handicapped  in 
draw-ing  its  supply  of  ore  from  the  Coeat 
d'Alene  district  is  not  of  record. 

Rates  Reduced  and  Reparation 
Awarded 

"We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  com- 
plainant should  obtain  the  same  differ- 
ential on  lead  ore  and  concentrates  that 
is  applied  on  other  metalliferous  pro- 
ducts from  the  various  points  of  origin 
in  the  United  States,  and  therefore  that 
a  just  and  reasonable  charge  on  ship- 
m.ents  moving  within  the  period  of  limita- 
tion should  not  have  exceeded  SI  1.40  per 
ton.  Reparation  will  be  awarded  to  the 
complainant  in  the  amount  of  $863.79, 
with  interest  thereon  from  Jan.  18.  1909. 
Defendants  will  be  required  to  maintain 
for  the  future  a  rate  from  the  points  in 
the  Creur  d'Alene  district,  in  the  State 
of  Idaho,  covered  by  the  complaint,  tO' 
Carnegie,  Penn.,  not  in  excess  of  $11.40' 
per  ton,  or  of  95  per  cent,  of  the  rate 
contemporaneously  charged  to  Perth  Am- 
boy. N.  J.,  and  other  eastern  points  now 
taking  the  $12  rate." 

The  commission  having  found  that  the 
rates  charged  the  Pennsylvania  Smelting 
Company  on  the  commodity  in  question 
were  unjust,  ordered  the  railroads  to  re- 
duce the  rates  on  or  before  Sept.  1,  1910, 
and  to  maintain  for  two  years  thereafter 
a  rate  of  $11.40  per  net  ton,  for  the 
transportation  of  lead  ore  and  concen- 
trates in  carloads  from  the  Cceur  d'Alene 
district  to  Carnegie,  or  95  per  cent,  of  the 
rate  contemporaneously  charged  over 
their  lines  on  the  same  commodities  to 
Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey. 


106 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


1 


Interchangeable     Arrangement     for 
Steam    and    Electric  Hoist 


An  Automatic  Bucket    Dump 


At  the  Gold  Cliff  mine  of  the  Utica 
company  at  Angels  Camp,  Cal.,  the 
hoisting  engine  is  simply  arranged  for  the 
use  of  either  electric  or  steam  power. 
The  hoist  was  originally  built  for  steam 
power,  but  it  is  more  economical  now 
to  use  electricity  as  a  motive  power,  so 
It  has  been  rigged  for  direct  connection 
to  a  motor.  When  electric  power  is  to 
be  used  for  driving  the  engine,  the  con- 
necting rods  to  the  steam  cylinders  are 
taken  off  and  a  specially  constructed  rim 
•with  ratchet  gearing  fastened  to  the 
crank,  the  rim  engaging  the  pinioned 
drive  pulley  on  the  motor. 


By  Frank  G.  D.  Smith  * 

A  simple,  automatic  bucket  dump  for 
use  in  inclined  shafts  is  shown  in  the 
accompanying  sketch.  The  device  was 
mentioned  in  the  Journal  of  Aug.  14, 
1909.  but  the  constructional  details  are 
of  interest  and  may  possibly  be  new  to 
some.  The  guides  b  b  shown  in  the 
cross-section  form  a  skidway  and  ter- 
minate at  the  top  of  shaft  between  the 
dumping  guides  a  a.  The  dumping  guides 


thereby  bridging  the  notches  so  that  the 
bucket  is  free  to  descend  the  shaft. 

The  levers  shown  are  probably  the 
simplest  form  in  use.  They  are  made  of 
'jx2-in.  flat  iron  and  the  points  extend 
sufficiently  outside  of  the  guides  for  the 
bucket  axles  to  engage  them.  The  levers 
are  pivoted  on  bolts  through  the  guides. 
Various  methods  for  affixing  axles  or 
lugs  to  the  bucket  are  used.  The  method 
shown  in  sketch  looks  somewhat  clumsy, 
but  is  strong  and  simple,  and  the  com- 
mon, steel,  ore  bucket  can  be  easily  fitted 
up   by  the   mine   blacksmith.     The   axles 


iWVi 


Interchangeable     Arrangement 
SteAiM  or  Electric  Hoist 


The  crank  on  the  engine  is  a  solid 
wheel.  A  wheel  of  larger  diameter,  the 
size  desired  to  secure  the  proper  hoisting 
speed,  is  turned  down  so  as  to  fit  flush 
against  and  partially  over  the  crank,  the 
projecting  edge  forming  a  rim  or  tire 
about  the  latter.  Both  the  crank  and  the 
auxiliary  wheel  are  drilled  for  tapered 
bolts  by  which  they  are  fastened  securely 
to  each  other.  The  rim  can  be  slipped 
over  the  crank  and  bolted  to  it  in  a 
few  minutes,  then,  by  disengaging  the 
•connecting  rods  on  the  engine,  the  hoist 
is  ready  for  electric  driving.  A  rawhide 
pinion  is  used  to  reduce  noise  and  fric- 
tion. This  arrangement  permits  a  satis- 
factory interchangeable  driving  of  the 
hoist  without  making  and  serious  altera- 
tion of  the  plant. 


^ 


Side  View 


0\ 


Front  View 


Automatic  Bucket  Dump 


Cross  Section 

Tlie  Ettiiineeviiiy  i  Mimnn  Jifiirnal 


At  the  new  City  Deep  mill  on  the  Rand, 
the  sands-settling  tanks  will  be  50  ft.  in 
diameter  and  will  be  built  of  reinforced 
concrete.  They  will  stand  on  concrete 
columns,  each  14.  ft.  6  in.  in  hight,  and 
18  in.  square. 


are  notched  as  shown  in  the  side  view. 
Iron  levers  working  in  slots  cut  in  the 
guides  are  lifted  by  the  axles  on  the  as- 
cending bucket  and  the  axles  drop  into 
the  notches.  The  bucket  is  then  dumped 
by  slackening  the  hoisting  cable.  In  the 
side  view  the  bucket  is  shown  in  two 
positions:  In  the  lower  position  the 
bucket  is  shown  in  the  act  of  dumping. 
The  axles  have  fallen  into  the  notches 
and  the  levers  have  swung  back  to  their 
natural  position  x.  In  the  upper  position 
the  bucket  has  been  hoisted  above  the 
notches,  the  axles  lifting  the  levers  to 
position  r.  The  levers  either  fall  back 
to  position  x  by  their  own  weight,  or  are 
pushed  back  by  the  axles  on  lowering, 

•Manager.    Santo    Domtneo    Sllve.'    Mlnlnj: 
Cnmpany,   Batopllas,   Chihuahua.   Mrx. 


are  best  placed  at  about  a  third  of  the 
hight  of  the  bucket  or  slightly  higher. 
A  bucket  fitted  up  like  the  one  in  the 
sketch,  and  of  1000-lb.  capacity,  has  been 
in  use  several  months  at  the  Santo  Do- 
mingo mine.  The  axles  are  of  I'/i-in. 
round  steel  and  have  rollers  of  I'-^-in. 
pipe,  .^nother  bucket  holding  750  lb. 
rock  has  been  in  use  for  two  years,  the 
axles  on  this  one  being  made  of  l'4-in. 
steel. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  carry  the  guides 
a  a  down  the  shaft  if  the  skidway  back- 
ing-blocks c  c  are  beveled  as  shown  in 
the  sketch.  If  the  buckets  turn  in  the 
skidway  the  axles  will  not  strike  the 
blocks,  nor  the  sleepers  d  d.  The  inclin- 
ation of  the  dumping  guides  should  be 
as  small  as  is  consistent  with  good  dump- 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


107 


ing.  on  account  of  the  strain  on  the  axles 
when  falling  into  the  notches  in  the 
guides. 


Rapid  Shaft  Sinking  in  Butte 


Chute  Gate  at  Mammoth  Mine, 
Kennett,  Cal. 

.At  the  mine  of  the  Mammoth  Copper 
Mining  Company,  near  Kennett,  Shasta 
county,  Cal.,  an  excellent  type  of  iron 
gate  for  an  ore  chute  is  in  use  on  the 
large  ore  passes  from  the  stopes  where 
top-slice  caving  is  being  done.  A  large 
amount  of  ore  must  be  handled  quickly 
through  these  chutes,  so  that  it  requires 
a  strong  gate  with  a  positive  action.  The 
details  of  the  gate  are  shown  in  an  ac- 
accompanying  drawing.  The  particular 
feature  of  the  Mammoth  chute  gate  Is 
that  it  is  closed  by  raising  a  door  through 
the  stream  of  ore  passing  from  the  chute 


By  C.  J.  Stone 


Some  of  the  methods  employed  in  deep 
shaft  sinking  in  the  Butte  copper  camp 
may  be  of  general  interest  to  the  mining 
piofession.  The  following  notes  concern 
more  particularly  the  equipment  and  the 
methods  now  being  employed  in  sinking 
the  shaft  of  the  Butte-Alex  Scott  Copper 
Company  below  the  1400-ft.  level,  rather 
than  any  general  description  of  methods 
in  this  district. 

The  property  of  the  company  is  one 
of  the  smaller  mines  operating  in  Butte, 
on  which  it  is  sinking  its  shaft  to  great 
depth.  During  April  an  effort  was  made 
to  attain  the  greatest  possible  speed  at 
shaft  sinking,  consistent  with  good  work 
and  safetv  to  the  miners,  and  as  a  re- 


•«   Klvets 


Chute  Gate  at  Ma.mmoth  Copper  Mine 


instead  of  by  lowering  one,  as  in  the 
ordinary  types.  Where  ore  is  running 
rapidly  through  a  chute,  it  is  quite  diffi- 
cult to  lower  a  gate  into  this  quickly, 
whereas  lifting  the  gate  through  the 
stream  of  ore  presents  no  difficulty. 

The  frame  of  the  chute  gate  is  made  of 
two  angle  irons,  bent  as  shown,  between 
which  the  gate  of  Ji-in.  steel  slides.  One 
angle  iron  is  cut  away  on  the  lower  part 
of  the  frame.  A  bar  of  2'jxl-in.  iron  is 
bolted  to  the  lower  side  of  the  gate  and 
slides  through  a  guide  at  the  lower  part 
of  the  frame.  The  gate  is  operated  by 
a  lever  connected  to  this  bar  and  pivoted 
on  the  frame.  Sheets  of  >^-in.  steel  cut 
as  shown  in  the  drawing,  are  riveted  to 
the  frame  and  form  an  extension  of  the 
'  sides  of  the  chute  and  a  projecting  lip. 
The  entire  gates  are  riveted  together  and 
^Lt  up  before  being  taken  into  the  mine, 
>"  that  they  are  ready  to  be  set  in  place 
n  the  ore  chutes.  The  all-steel  con- 
=triiction  of  this  chute  gate  renders  it 
substantial,  but  at  the  same  time,  rather 
■xrtnsive,  so  that  its  use  is  only  war- 
anted  where  large  quantities  of  ore  are 
landled. 


suit   10t5  ft.  was  sunk  from  the  1400-ft. 
level  in  30  working  days. 

Sinking  Equipment 

The  shaft  has  but  two  compartments, 
each  being  4  ft.  square  in  the  clear.  The 
rock  was  all  hoisted  to  the  surface  in 
straight-sided  buckets  27  in.  in  diameter 
by  42  in.  deep,  swung  from  the  bottom 
of  a  skeleton  sinking  cage  of  light  con- 
struction. The  sinking  cage  measures  16 
ft.  from  its  bottom  to  the  top  of  the 
sinking  shoes.  A  previous  sinking  cam- 
paign had  developed  serious  trouble  from 
the  loaded  bucket  swinging  and  striking 
the  wall  plates  of  the  shaft  at  times 
when  rapid  hoisting  was  necessary.  To 
eliminate  this  the  bucket  is  hung  from 
two  chains  close  to  the  bottom  of  the 
cage,  only  sufficient  space  being  allowed 
to  permit  its  being  detached  while  at  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft.  A  ring  is  welded 
into  the  bucket  at  each  side  and  a  finger 
hook,  such  as  is  used  on  logging  chains, 
is  passed  through  the  ring  and  locked  in 
place  by  a  slip  ring.     A  screw  eye  fast- 

•SiiiHM-Inti'iuVnt.  Butte-Alex  Srott  Copper 
Company,    niifte,    Mont. 


ens  the  chain  to  the  cage  and  furnishes 
the  adjustment.  With  this  device  an  ad- 
justment can  be  secured  on  the  chains 
that  will  permit  only  the  least  amount 
of  swinging  of  the  bucket  in  the  shaft, 
and  hoisting  can  be  done  at  any  speed 
desired  and  with  perfect  safety  to  the 
miners  below.  The  chains  may  be  quickly 
detached  to  remove  the  bucket. 

Two  Large  Piston  Machines  Used 
The  working  crew  consists  of  four 
machine  miners  and  one  pump  man  on 
each  shift,  and  three  eight-hour  shifts 
constitute  the  day.  One  of  the  miners 
on  each  shift  acts  as  a  working  boss  and 
he  is  paid  75c.  extra  per  shift.  Two 
3">;-in.  Ingersoll-Rand  drills  are  used 
under  an  air  pressure  of  85  to  90  lb. 
at  the  compressor.  The  cut  holes  are 
drilled  from  8  to  9  ft.  deep  and  a  wedge 
bit  is  used  on  the  finishing  drill.  The 
side  or  back  holes  are  6  ft.  deep.  It 
requires  from  16  to  19  holes  to  break  the 
ground,  which  is  for  the  most  part,  a 
hard  granite  with  the  partings  or  cleav- 
ages running  the  long  way  of  the  shaft. 
The  blasting  is  rarely  perfectly  satisfac- 
tory. Should  the  ground  be  particularly 
soft  and  the  cleavages  favorable,  a  blast 
will  probably  break  to  the  bottom  of  the 
holes.  Under  ordinary  circumstances, 
however,  from  18  in.  to  2  ft.  will  have 
to  be   fired   again. 

The  practice  in  some  large  shafts  is 
to  blast  the  cut  holes  first  and  after 
mucking,  blast  their  bottoms  until  the  cut 
is  entirely  out,  when  the  balance  of  the 
holes  are  fired.  Experience  has  shown 
that  better  results  are  possible  if  the  cut 
holes  are  fired  with  a  battery,  but  the 
damage  to  the  timbers  when  sinking  in 
hard  rock  is  so  great  that  the  method 
has  not  found  favor  in  Butte  and  the 
old  method  of  blasting  with  waterproof 
fuse  maintains.  Forty  per  cent,  gelatin 
dynamite  is  used. 

Air  Exhaust  from  Pump  Discharged 

Into  Water  Column 
The  water  is  handled  with  a  No.  7 
Cameron  sinking  pump.  The  air  exhaust 
is  passed  through  a  check  valve  into  the 
water  or  discharge  column.  This  elim- 
inates the  roar  of  the  exhaust  in  the 
shaft  and  makes  it  possible  for  either  a 
Knowles  or  a  Caineron  sinker  to  lift 
water  200  ft.  in  place  of  100  ft.,  which 
is  the  normal  lift  of  a  No.  7  pump.  In 
the  sinking  of  the  Alex  Scott  shaft  the 
How  of  water  varied  from  20  to  30  gal. 
per  min.  and  no  time  was  lost  during  the 
month   because  of  water  in  the  shaft. 

The  hoisting  was  done  as  rapidly  as 
possible.  During  the  mucking  hours  the 
bucket  was  brought  to  the  surface  from 
the  1500- ft.  level  in  from  30  to  45  sec, 
according  to  the  engineer.  The  hoisting 
engine  is  of  the  first  rnotion  type,  built 
for  high  pressure;  the  cylinders  are  12x 
36  in.  and  the  drum  is  5  ft.  in  diameter. 
It  was  built  by  the  Nordberg  Manufac- 
turing Company. 


108 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


Channel  Irons  Used  for  Blasting 
Timbers 

The  timbering  is  the  usual  shaft  set. 
The  sets  are  of  lOxlO-in.  black  larch  and 
fir  timber,  placed  5  ft.  between  centers 
and  lagged  with  2x10-  or  3xll-in.  plank. 
Each  set  is  thoroughly  blocked  and 
wedged  and  absolutely  no  cutting  is  al- 
lowed. The  shaft  must  be  broken  suffi- 
ciently large  to  hang  the  sets  free  from 
the  walls  and  the  lagging  must  be  placed 
loose  to  permit  later  swelling  of  the 
ground.  For  blasting  timbers  heavy 
channel  irons  are  used,  the  channels  be- 
ing bolted  tight  to  the  bottom  set  before 
firing.  Openings  are  cut  in  the  channels 
for  the  nuts  of  the  hanging  bolts.  The 
ends  and  the  centers  are  protected  in  this 
way  as  well  as  the  wall  plates.  A  marked 
difference  is  noted  in  the  physical  condi- 


The  above  are  offered  as  suggestions 
or  studies  of  methods  to  accomplish  shaft 
sinking  and  reduce  costs  by  means  of 
rapid  work.  There  is  doubtless  no  other 
business  in  which  with  badly  done  work 
money  can  so  easily  be  squandered,  as  in 
mining. 


requires  about  three  cuts  to  frame  one 
side  of  the  timber.  As  stated,  a  wheel 
is  provided  to  regulate  the  raising 
and  low-ering  of  the  saws  so  a  cut  of 
any   desired   depth   can   be   made. 


Timber  Framing  Machine  at  Silver 
King  Coalition 


Driving  Revolving  Screens  on 
Dredges 


At  the  Silver  King  Coalition  mine, 
Park  City,  Utah,  a  timber- framing  ma- 
chine that  has  proved  satisfactory  was 
made  from  an  ordinary  rip-saw  table. 
A  plan  of  the  arrangement  of  the  ma- 
chine is  shown  in  an  accompanying 
drawing.  A  rectangular  piece  of  the  top 
of  the  rip-saw  table  is  cut  out  above  the 


Rip=3aw   Table 


Opening  for 
Rip  Saw 


^Wheel  to 
Tip  Table 


■1-5 


Belt^ 


!  I 


Vheel  to  raise 
and  lov.  er  Sawt 


Drive  rhaft 


/        Rollers 

A-J-        ~ 


Rollers 

-t. 1- 


On  most  of  the  California  dredges, 
the  revolving  screens  run  on  trunnions 
and  two  small  friction-drive  wheels  near 
the  end  of  the  screen.  In  driving 
these  heavy  screens  from  two  fric- 
tion rollers,  one  on  either  side  of  the 
center,  a  slight  variation  in  the  size  of 
either  drive  roller  will  cause  a  great  ex- 
cess consumption  of  power,  as  both  be- 
ing driven  at  the  same  speed,  it  necessi- 
tates slipping  on  the   face  of  one   roller. 


v-'J 


Lifting 
Device 


Wheels 


Timber  Carriage 


riaee  / 


0 


The  Engineering  J  .l/rniny  JaurnaX 


Timber-framing  Machine  at  Silver  King   Coalition,  Park  City,  Utah 


tion  of  the  timbers  by  the  use  of  the 
channel  irons  in  place  of  the  ordinary 
5x10  blasting  timbers. 

Reduced  Cost  Through  Bonus. 
The    bonus    or    premium    system    was 
employed  as  one  means  of  securing  rapid 
work.    The  ordinary  speed  of  shaft  sink- 
ing   below    the    1200-ft.    level    in    Butte 
is  from  65 "to  85  ft.  per  month.     As  a 
basis  for  the  bonus,  therefore,  75  ft.  were 
taken    and    the    shaft    miners    and    pump 
men  were  given  each  one  dollar  per  foot 
for    every    foot    that    was    accomplished 
above  the  base  during  the  month.    In  this 
instance  it  amounted  to  $31  bonus  to  each 
man  as  a  reward  of  merit.     The  bonus 
cost  per  foot  amounted  to  $15,  and  the 
entire   or  actual   labor  cost   for  the    106 
ft.   accomplished,    including    the    bonus, 
amounted  to  $36.54  per  ft.     Should  only 
ordinary  speed  have  been  made  and  the 
bonus  system  not  employed  as  an  incen- 
tive for  hard  and  faithful  labor,  the  cost 
would   have  been  $45.46  per  ft.     How- 
ever,  as   the   acfual    amount   of   sinking 
that   otherwise   might   have   been   accom- 
plished is  an  unknown   factor,  the   latter 
figure  is  only  an  assumption  on  the  base 
or  average  measurement. 


outside  end  of  the   shaft  on  which  the 
rip   saw   was   originally    fixed.     On   the 
end   of  this  shaft  are   fixed    Yz-'va..   cir- 
cular saws  set  flush  against  one  another. 
These   saws,   three    of   which   are   used, 
project  above  the  table  top  through  the 
place  where  it  is  cut  away.     Means  are 
provided    for    raising    and    lowering    the 
saws  so  that  the  desired  cap  can  be  cut. 
A    light    iron    carriage     built     up     of 
;-2x3-in.  iron  bars  and  3-in.  rollers  runs 
on   a  track   of  light  angle   irons.     This 
carriage  is  5  ft.  wide  and  3  ft.  long  and 
serves  to  handle  timber  to  the  saw.    The 
four   3-in.    rollers,   parallel    to    the    saw 
blade   are    for   advancing   the   timber  to 
the  saw.     At  the  center  of  the  carriage 
ttiere   is   also   a   device   operated    by    a 
hand   lever  for  raising  the  timber  from 
■  the  carriage.     It  is  pivoted  so  that  the 
timber  may  be  swung  end  for  end.     On 
the  rip-saw  table  there  is  also  a  wheel 
operating    a    worm    gear   by    which    the 
table  top  may  be  tipped. 

In  the  Silver  King  Coalition,  10x10 
timbers  are  used,  the  posts  being  given 
a  4-in.  horn  and  dapped  1  in.  on  two 
sides.  Three  of  the  'j-in.  circular  saws 
give  a  I'/.-in.  cutting  face,  so  that  it  only 


,'   Drive    \ 
\   Roller  ] 

Screen  Drive  for  Dredges 

On  a  great  many  of  the  California 
dredges  this  is  obviated  by  replacing  the 
drive  roller  on  the  down-side  of  the 
screen  with  an  idler.  It  is  found  that  in 
this  way  the  power  consumption  is  great- 
ly lessened.  The  power  is  then  applied 
on  the  side  of  greatest  load,  or  below  the 
mass  of  stone  and  pebbles  which  is  being 
lifted  as  the  screen  rotates.  On  the  No. 
5  Folsom  boat  of  the  Natomas  Consoli- 
dated of  California  company,  operating 
on  the  American  river,  the  power  con- 
sumed by  the  screen  was  cut  down  from 
40  to  15  h.p.  by  driving  in  this  manner. 
It  is  hard  to  realize  that  a  slight  varia- 
tion in  the  size  of  one  drive  roller  would 
cause  such  an  enormous  excess  con- 
sumption of  power,  yet  this  was  proved 
to  be  a  fact. 

On  the  new  boat  being  built  for  the 
Natomas  company  by  the  Yuba  Con- 
struction Company,  a  different  screen- 
drive  arrangement  will  be  used.  The 
drive  roller  will  be  placed  centrally 
below  the  lower  end  of  the  screen. 
An  idler  or  tread  roller  will  be 
tangent  to  either  side  of  the  screen  on 
a  horizontal  line  with  its  axis.  In 
this  manner  it  is  hoped  that  a  more  uni- 
fonii  and  economic  consumption  of  power 
will  be  reali/'ed  and  repairs  will  be  niin- 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


109 


imized.  This  last  is  the  desideratum  in 
the  operation  of  a  dredge.  In  the  ac- 
companying drawing  the  small  circles 
drawn  in  solid  lines  represent  the  drive 
rollers  arranged  according  to  the  ordin- 
ary practice.  Those  shown  in  dotted  lines 
illustrate  the  new  drive  arrangement  just 
described. 


Stamp  Drop  Sequence 

Bv   W.    H.   Storms* 


That  the  succession  of  drop  of  the 
stamps  in  the  mill  is  of  importance  was 
recognized  many  years  ago,  and  yet  even 
at  this  late  day  there  are  those  who  en- 
tertain some  curious  notions  about  this 
quite  simple  and  practical  matter.  If 
the  succession  of  drop  be  not  correctly 
arranged  by  placing  the  cams  in  proper 
position  on  the  cam  shaft,  the  pulp  in 
the  battery  will  not  discharge  evenly 
across  the  screen.     One  end  of  the  mor- 


matter  is  treated  in  exactly  the  reverse 
manner,  praising  the  latter  while  the 
former  is  considered,  at  least,  less  desir- 
able. Several  writers  say  that  millmen 
on  the  Rand  prefer  the  drop  1-3-5-2-1. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  these  two  drops,  viz: 
1-4-2-5-3  and  1-3-5-2-4  are  identical,  de- 
pending upon  which  side  of  the  mortar 
the  count  commences,  whether  the  rignt 
or  the  left  side.  Standing  at  the  plates 
and  looking  toward  the  stamps  the  drop 
1-4-2-5-3  becomes  the  succession 
1-3-5-2-4,  if  viewed  from  the  back  of  the 
niortar.  This  is  clearly  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying sketch. 


Ventilation    of    Witwalersrand 
Mines* 


The  question  of  mine  ventilation  is  be- 
ing given  more  attention  on  the  Rand 
than  hitherto.  The  present  policy  fa- 
vors the  placing  of  shafts  a  great  dis- 
tance apart,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  or 


N\/V\ 


i/^V/ 


T/it  Xnptnetrinff  f  3tinitii/  Juurnal 

Illustrating  Order  of  Stamp  Drop 


tar  box  may  be  empty  and  the  stamps 
"pounding  iron,"  while  the  other  end  of 
the  mortar  is  so  full  of  sand  and  rock 
fragments  as  to  cover  the  dies  to  a  depth 
of  several  inches,  and  the  stamps  at  that 
end  not  falling  their  proper  distance,  in 
consequence,  crush  a  much  less  quantity 
of  ore  than  they  should  and  the  condi- 
tion inside  the  mortar  rapidly  grows 
worse.  Or,  it  may  be,  by  another  ar- 
rangement of  drop,  that  the  sands  may 
accumulate  at  each  end  of  the  mortar 
while  the  center  dies  are  exposed. 

It  has  been  ascertained  that  the  suc- 
cession of  drop,  1-4-2-5-3,  gives  as  sat- 
isfactory results  as  any  that  can  be  de- 
vised, and  yet  there  are  those  who  de- 
clare in  all  seriousness  that  the  drop 
I-3-,'i-2-4  is  better.  Various  writers  on 
the  subject  of  stamp  milling,  both  in  text- 
books and  in  articles  contributed  to  the 
technical  press,  while  favoring  the  or- 
der 1-4-2-5-3,  without  reserve  condemn 
the  succession  1-3-5-2-4,  or  perhaps  the 


•Mlnlnc    iMiclnwr,     2I.'?7 
Borknlcy,   Tni. 


Illlenrd     avoniic, 


more  in  most  cases.  The  scheme  ap- 
proved of  at  the  Modderfontein  Deep 
levels,  where  twin  shafts  only  100  ft. 
or  so  apart  will  be  sunk,  is  an  exception 
t,5  this  statement.  In  the  earlier  days  of 
the  Rand,  companies  possessed  much 
smaller  claim  areas  than  they  do  at  pres- 
ent, and  consequently  a  larger  number 
of  shafts  were  sunk  in  proportion  to  the 
areas  exploited  than  is  the  case  at  the 
piesent  day. 

Many  of  the  older  companies  are  now 
nicrged  into  one  large  and  consolidated 
venture,  and  nearly  all  the  main  drives 
and  shafts  are  now  connected,  a  state  of 
affairs  which  obviously  must  improve 
ventilation.  But  in  the  case  of  proper- 
ties of  1000  or  2000  claims  possessing 
tw'o,  three  or  four  shafts,  it  must  take 
much  longer  to  effect  connection  between 
shafts  and  drives,  and  when  such  con- 
nections have  been  effected  tliere  are  a 
fewer  number  of  channels  connecting  the 
underground  workings  with  the  surface. 

•Abstrnct  fioni  nn  nrllrlo  In  Hip  Knulh 
African  Min.  ./niirii..    May    II.    ItllO. 


In  such  cases  the  necessity  for  paying 
more  attention  to  ventilation  becomes  ap- 
parent, and  it  is  interesting  to  note  the 
plans  and  arrangements  of  certain  mines 
in  order  to  improve  the  quality  and  in- 
ciease  the  volume  of  the  air  circulating 
through  the  underground  workings  of 
some  of  the  newer  and  larger  mines  of 
the  Main  Reef. 

Ventilation  of  the  State  Mines 

At  the  Government  gold-mining  areas 
on  Modderfontein,  or  as  it  is  commonly 
termed  the  State  mines,  ventilation  fans 
similar  in  general  design  to  those  em- 
ployed at  the  Cinderella  Deep  and  Vil- 
lage Deep  will  be  installed,  and  one 
shaft  will  be  used  for  ventilation  pur- 
poses only.  In  all  there  will  be  four 
shafts,  two  on  the  2000-ft.  contour,  and 
two  on  the  3000-ft.  contour.  The  shafts 
will  be  about  3200  ft.  apart  on  the  con- 
tour, and  6800  ft.  apart  on  the  dip.  It 
is  proposed  to  economize  by  working 
three  at  a  time,  so  that  the  sole  function 
of  the  fourth  shaft  will  be  to  improve 
the  ventilation  of  the  mine.  At  the  Cin- 
derella Deep  a  Capell  fan  is  employed  at  a 
depth  of  about  4000  ft.  from  surface,  and 
a«  the  Village  Deep  mines,  an  electrically 
operated  Sirocco  fan  has  been  working 
at  a  depth  of  about  2000  ft.  for  some 
months  and  has  given  most  satisfactory 
results.  The  capacity  of  the  Cinderella 
Deep  fan  is  50,000  cu.ft.  per  min.,  and 
by  its  use  the  underground  ventilation 
of  the   mine   has  been  much    improved. 

A  Favorable  Outlook 

Taken  altogether,  the  outlook  for  work- 
ing at  great  depths  is  highly  favorable. 
A  few  years  ago  it  w^as  believed  that 
ventilation  difficulties  and  the  natural 
heat  of  the  earth  would  prevent  mining 
being  carried  out. at  a  depth  of  over 
5000  ft.  on  the  Witwatersrand.  Anxiety 
as  to  the  increase  in  temperature  as 
greater  depths  were  attained  was  dis- 
pelled by  the  facts  advanced  by  Lionel 
Phillips  in  his  Chamber  of  Mines  speech 
of  last  year.  The  work  carried  out  by 
the  Village  Deep  and  Cinderella  Deep 
mines,  and  the  benefits  derived  by  those 
companies  through  the  use  of  fans,  to- 
gether with  the  facts  that  more  and  more 
compressed-air  drills  are  coming  into  use, 
and  also  that  in  the  case  of  mines  own- 
ing a  large  number  of  claims,  shafts  will 
be  laid  out  with  special  reference  to 
problems  affecting  ventilation,  further 
go  to  prove  that  the  workings  of  even 
the  deepest  ventures  of  the  Rand  will  be 
carried  out  under  conditions  which  will 
be  wholly  satisfactory  so  far  as  the  ques- 
tion of  air  is  concerned. 


The  amount  of  ore  raised  during  1909 
on  the  Broken  Hill  field  in  New  South 
Wales  reached  a  total  of  1.030,287  tons. 
The  dividends  paid  amounted  to  £237,- 
250. 


no 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


John  Fritz   on  the  Growth    of    the 
Iron  Industry 


In  a  speech  made  recently  at  the  cen- 
tennial celebration  of  the  first  rolling  of 
boiler  plate  in  America,  at  Coatesville. 
Penn.,  the  venerable  John  Fritz  said,  in 
part:  "The  first  puddling  furnace  in  this 
country  was  built  at  Plumsock,  near 
Brownsville,  Fayette  county,  Penn..  in 
1817.  On  Redstone  creek,  in  1817,  a  flood 
caused  its  partial  destruction  and  the  ma- 
chinery was  subsequently  removed  to 
Brownsville.  In  1819  a  rolling  mill  was 
built  at  Pittsburg  containing  four  pud- 
dling furnaces.  This  was  accidentally 
blown  up  and  the  machinery  was  taken 
to  Covington,  Ky.  Both  enterprises  thus 
seem  to  have  ended  in  disastrous  fail- 
ures. From  1817  to  1836  but  little  pro- 
gress was  made  in  the  way  of  marked 
improvement.  In  the  years  1844-45  the 
manufacture  of  rails  commenced.  This 
at  once  gave  puddling  the  leading  posi- 
tion in  the  manufacture  of  iron,  which  it 
maintained  until  the  introduction  of  the 
bessemer  process. 

"At  this  time  the  manufacturers' 
troubles  began.  The  demand  for  puddlers 
soon  e.xceeded  the  supply  and  they 
thought  it  might  be  well  for  them  to  have 
things  their  own  way.  Hence  the  troubles 
commenced,  and  bitter  they  were.  At  that 
time  the  Welsh  hammer  was  the  only 
way  in  use  to  put  the  puddled  ball  in 
shape  for  the  rolls.  Then  the  crocodile 
squeezer  came  into  use,  next  the  Wins- 
low  squeezer.  All  of  them  were  incapable 
of  doing  the  work  properly  and  in  quan- 
tity. Next  and  last  came  the  Burden 
squeezer,  the  introduction  of  which 
caused  the  bitterest  strike  !  ever  wit- 
nessed. After  a  time  the  puddlers  be- 
came reconciled  to  the  use  of  the  squeezer 
and  it  came  into  general  use,  and  is  to 
this  day  as  nearly  perfect  a  machine  for 
the  purpose  intended  as  has  been  de- 
vised. .  .  .  About  the  year  1848  boil- 
ing came  into  general  use.  This  was  a 
great  improvement,  and  puddling  soon 
became  the  all  important  branch  of  the 
great  iron  industry  of  the  country  and 
continued  in  the  lead  until  it  was  over- 
taken by  the  almost  magical  invention  of 
Sir  Henry  Bessemer. 

Evolution  of  the  Rolling  Mill 

"In  1824  the  rolling  mills  were  in  a 
very  crude  condition  and  there  was  no 
marked  improvement  in  them  until  the 
manufacture  of  rails  commenced.  But 
even  at  this  time  the  plan  of  the  mills 
and  the  manner  of  building  them  prac- 
tically remained  the  same.  The  mills  were 
geared.  The  general  impression  of  the 
rolling  mill  proprietors  seemed  to  be  the 
more  wheels  they  could  get  in  the  better 
the  mill.  .  .  .  From  1845  to  1856  there 
were  but  few  improvements  made  either 
In  machinery  or  in  the  manner  of  rolling 
except   in   the   introduction   of   the    rail- 


straightening  machine,  which  took  the 
place  of  the  60-lb.  sledge  and  a  special 
man  to  handle  it.  When  he  wanted  to 
rest  the  works  came  to  a  standstill  until 
such  time  as  he  was  completely  rested, 
sobered  up  or  restored  to  health,  as  the 
case  might  be. 

"The  year  1857  is  a  memorable  period 
in  the  history  of  the  manufacture  of  iron. 
Up  to  this  time  all  the  rails  were  rolled 
on  a  two-high  mill,  a  most  crude  and  un- 
scientific manner  of  rolling  iron,  especi- 
ally rails,  they  being  passed  back  over 
the  rolls,  the  metal  cooling,  and  as  the 
rail  was  formed  the  flange  became  thinner 
and  cooled  more  rapidly,  and  consequent- 
ly it  was  much  more  liable  to  crack  and 
tear  up.  In  the  three-high  mill  the  ten- 
dency to  crack  or  tear  the  flanges  is 
greatly  reduced  from  the  fact  that  in 
passing  through  the  rolls  in  the  opposit; 
direction,  any  crack  or  tear  that  may  oc- 
cur is  rolled  down  instead  of  being  in- 
creased as  in  the  two-high  mill,  in  which 
it  frequently  happened  that  the  flange 
tore  off  the  whole  length  of  the  rail, 
winding  around  the  roll  and  forming  what 
was  called  a  collar,  and  at  times  breaking 
the  roll.  Besides  the  greatly  increased 
quantity  that  could  be  made  in  a  given 
time,  the  quality  was  greatly  improved 
and  the  criminal  practice  of  patching 
rails,  which  were  liable  to  break  in  the 
track,  killing  people,  destroying  property 
and  delaying  traffic,  was  completely 
abandoned. 

Work  of  the  Steel  Rail 

"When  a  boy  I  read  and  was  much  im- 
pressed by  a  speech  of  Thomas  H.  Ben- 
ton, advocating  the  construction  of  a  na- 
tional highway  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific.  As  I  grew  up  and  railroads  came 
into  general  use,  I  believed  it  would  be 
practicable  to  build  one  across  the  moun- 
tains, but  I  did  not  expect  to  make  the 
rails  for  it,  which  I  did,  and  it  was  the  in- 
troduction of  steel  rails  that  made  it  pos- 
sible. Now  I  have  lived  to  see  five  or 
six  transcontinental  lines  built  and  we 
are  trying  .to  get  more.  Were  they  to 
undertake  to  build  a  railroad  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  and  start  at  the 
Atlantic  end,  using  iron  rails  such  as 
used  to  be  made,  and  using  150-ton  loco- 
motives and  cars  carrying  50  tons  of 
freight,  the  rails  on  the  Atlantic  end  of 
the  line  would  be  worn  out  before  the 
Pacific  would  be  reached." 


Labor  in  the  Steel  Trade 


W.\shington   Correspondence 

The  Bureau  of  Labor  is  preparing  it- 
self to  undertake  about  Aug.  1  the  inquiry 
into  conditions  prevailing  in  the  steel 
industry  with  respect  to  all  classes  of 
labor  employed  there.  This  is  in  pursu- 
ance  of  the   resolution  passed   by   Con- 


gress shortly  before  adjournment,  which 
called  for  a  survey  of  labor  conditions  in 
the  steel  mills  throughout  the  country. 
The  bureau  expects  to  complete  the  re- 
port within  about  six  months  and  will 
send  it  to  Congress  probably  before  the 
end  of  the  next  session.  The  report,  it 
is  stated,  will  follow  the  general  lines  of 
the  recent  report  regarding  labor  condi- 
tions in  the  Bethlehem  Steel  Works  which 
President  Charles  M.  Schwab  did  his  ut- 
most to  have  modified.  The  opinion  en- 
tertained by  the  officials  is  that  conditions 
in  the  Bethlehem  plant  are  not  materially 
different  from  those  in  other  mills. 


A  Charcoal  Iron  Merger 

The  Lake  Superior  Iron  and  Chemical 
Company,  incorporated  under  the  laws 
of  New  York,  has  arranged  to  absorb  the 
Michigan  company  of  the  same  name, 
and  several  smaller  companies  and  firms. 
The  properties  in  the  consolidation  in- 
clude iron  furnaces  and  chemical  plants 
at  Ashland,  Wis.,  Manistique,  Newberry 
and  Elk  Rapids,  Mich.,  iron  furnaces  at 
Boyne  City  and  Chocolay,  Mich.,  the 
Yale  iron  ore  mine  at  Bessemer,  Mich., 
the  Tyler  Forks  iron  mines  at  Plummer, 
Wis.,  and  170,000  acres  of  timber  land 
in  both  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  Ex- 
tensive improvements  are  to  be  made  at 
some  of  the  plants. 

The  yearly  production  capacity  will  be 
198,000  tons  charcoal  pig  iron,  3,450,000 
gal.  wood  alcohol  and  61,500,000  lb. 
acetate  of  lime.  The  merger  includes 
practically  all  of  the  charcoal  furnaces 
in  the  West,  except  Marquette  furnace  of 
the  Cleveland-Cliffs  Iron  Company.  The 
capital  account  will  include  $10,000,000 
common  stock,  $1,625,000  preferred 
stock  and  810,000,000  in  6  per  cent, 
bonds,  of  which  $3,500,000  are  reserved 
for  future  additions  to  property.  F.  M. 
Harrison,  president  of  the  United  States 
Industrial  Alcohol  Company,  New  York, 
is  at  the  head  of  the  board  of  directors. 


Quarterly    Report    of    Lackawanna 
Steel 


The  comparative  statement  of  the  in- 
come account  of  the  Lackawanna  Steel 
Company  for  the  second  quarter  and  first 
half  of  1900  has  been  made  public.  The 
figures  show  an  increase  in  all  items  for 
both  periods.  For  the  second  quarter 
the  returns  are:  Income  from  manu- 
facturing and  operation,  1910,  $1,662,002. 

1909,  $586,863;  leaving  after  proper  de- 
ductions,  a     surplus    of    $1,108,036    for 

1910,  $112,905  (deficit)  in  1909.  For  the  i 
half  year  income  was  $2,770,343  as  j 
against  $765,533  in  1909.  The  surplus  ' 
was  $1,693,979  as  against  a  deficit  of  | 
$490,628  last  year.  The  unfilled  orders 
(gross  tons)  June  13,  1910,  were  379,836 
against  384.984  last  year. 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


111 


Flue  Dust   and   Fume   in   Smeltery    Gases 

Flue  Dust  Deposition  Controlled  by    Velocity;  Fume   by  Temperature. 
Outside    Air     Inadvisable    for    Dilution    and     Retardation      of     Gases 


BY        LEWIS 


T. 


WRIGHT 


Fifteen  years  ago  little  attention  was 
given  by  copper  smelters  to  the  question 
of  collecting  the  flue  dust  arising  from 
the  smelting  of  ores.  It  was  often  more 
troublesome  to  collect  and  smelt  the  flue 
dust  than  to  have  it  settling  all  around 
on  the  outside  of  the  smeltery,  and  where 
collected,  was  often  piled  up  for  the  in- 
definite future.  The  flues  were  designed 
to  carry  the  gases  with  velocities  of  from 
40  to  50  ft.  per  second.  About  13  years 
ago  I  had  to  do  with  a  case  of  this  kind 
particularly  irritating  to  everyone  em- 
ploved  about  the  smeltery.  The  coarser 
flue  dust  deposited  on  the  roofs  of  the 
buildings  and  rendered  impossible  the 
use  of  corrugated  iron.  This  coarse  flue 
dust  would  dribble  off  the  eaves  in  fit- 
ful streams  into  the  eyes  of  unwary  pass- 
ers-by. 

In  a  few  e.xperiments  with  air  cur- 
rents blown  over  fine  sand,  with  velo- 
cities of  16.6,  14  and  12  ft.  per  sec,  the 
air  carried  sand.  But  with  a  velocity  of 
9.6  ft.  per  sec.  it  carried  only  a  small 
amount.  Accordingly.  I  built  a  large  dust 
chamber  of  light  sheet  steel  designed  to 
reduce  the  velocity  to  about  4  or  5  ft.  per 
sec.  The  result  was  that  a  large  quan- 
tity of  dust  was  collected  and  most  of 
that  which  reached  the  base  of  the  stack 
or  fell  from  the  inside  of  the  stack  was 
what  I  call  fume. 

Definition  of  Fume  and  Flue  Dust 

In  my  opinion  dust  consists  of  par- 
ticles of  the  ore  charge,  as  such,  and  is 
almost  entirely  deposited  at  a  velocity  of 
about  3  ft.  per  second;  while  fume  is  an 
impalpable  mi.xture  of  the  sulphates  of 
iron,  copper,  zinc  and  carbon,  and  other 
bodies,  the  settlement  of  which  is  largely 
influenced  by  the  cooling  of  the  carrying 
gases.  It  is  light  gray  or  whitish  in 
color  and  adheres  to  surfaces  and,  if  its 
temperature  is  low  enough,  contains  an 
appreciable  amount  of  sulphuric  acid. 

If  the  flue  or  stack  gases  are  drawn 
through  a  glass  tube  at  a  velocity  of 
from  4  to  1  ft.  per  sec;  about  90  per 
cent,  of  the  flue  dust,  brown  or  red  In 
color,  settles  as  an  elongated  heap  on 
the  floor  of  the  tube  entrance.  The  fume 
deposits  around  the  cooler  part  of  the 
tube  more  distant  from  the  flue  or  stack. 
A  trifling  amount  of  the  finest  dust  col- 
lects with  the  fume  and  a  small  amount 
of  the  fume  is  also  deposited  with  the 
dust,  but  the  dividing  line  between  the 
dust  and  the  fume  is  fairly  well  defined. 


•flonoriil    mandKer.    ^rnuntnln    Coppor  Com- 
"i.v.    S.nn    Francisco.    Tal. 


Velocity   Determines  Collection  of 

Flue  Dust;  Temperature,  That 

OF  Fume 

The  determination  of  the  dust  and 
fume  in  the  gases  is  a  simple  matter. 
The  gases  are  drawn  by  an  aspirator 
through  a  glass  tube  and  then  washed  in 
a  series  of  washing  vessels  (Wolfe's 
bottles).  The  dust  can  be  shaken  out  of 
the  tube  and  weighed  and  the  fume  coat- 
ing the  tube  washed  out  into  the  wash 
waters,  and  these,  after  filtering  off  a 
little  dust,  can  be  evaporated  to  dryness. 
If  a  distinction  between  dust  and  fume 
is  wanted,  which  will  generally  be  the 
case,  the  insoluble  may  be  reported  as 
dust  and  the  soluble  recovered  by  evap- 
oration, reported  as  fume,  or  the  whole 
can  be  weighed  together  for  "total 
solids." 

The  deposition  of  dust  is  a  question  of 
velocity,  but  that  of  the  fume  is  a  ques- 
tion of  temperature.  It  would  seem  as 
though  the  metallic  sulphates,  and  in 
come  cases  arsenic  and  lead,  chiefly  con- 
stituting the  fume,  occur  in  a  condition 
of  pseudo-vapor  and,  as  the  temperature 
lowers,  agglomerate  into  an  impalpable 
powder.  If  the  temperature  is  low 
enough,  free  sulphuric  acid  will  be  pres- 
ent giving  the   fume  a  pasty  condition. 

As  the  deposition  of  the  fume  depends 
more  upon  the  temperature  than  the  vel- 
ocity of  the  gases,  its  total  recovery  is  a 
difficult  matter.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
practical  deposition  of  the  dust  is  eas- 
ily obtained  by  reduced  velocities. 

Settling  Not  Increased  By  the  Use  of 
Barriers 

I  do  not  attach  any  importance  to  the 
use  of  barriers,  screens,  baffles,  etc.,  in 
the  collection  of  the  dust  as  apart  from 
the  fume.  Reduce  the  velocity  of  the 
gases  and  give  the  dust  a  chance  of  set- 
tling. 

Fume  attaches  itself  to  surfaces,  and 
as  much  to  a  surface  on  which  the  gases 
do  not  impinge  as  to  one  directly  op- 
posed to  the  current.  Thus  I  found  that 
an  iron  plate  suspended  in  the  gases 
collected  at  the  rate  of  28  oz.  per  100 
sq.ft.  of  iron  plate  on  the  side  opposing 
the  current  and  30  oz.  on  the  othet  side. 
Fume  will  adhere  to  surfaces  and  will 
build  upon  them.  A  sharp  blow  given  to 
the  surface  breaks  the  adherence,  or  the 
dust  will  fall  or  peel  off  by  its  own 
weight  in  course  of  time.  I  do  not  know- 
that  fume  collection  by  surface  adhesion 
is  a  more  practical  method  than  filtration 
through  bags. 


What  I  believe,  in  the  present  state  of 
the  art,  would  be  interesting  knowledge 
to  the  technical  world  is  not  so  much  the 
quantity  of  flue  dust  that  can  be  collected 
by  reducing  the  gases  to  a  certain  velo- 
city, but  rather  the  correct  determination 
of  the  dust  and  fume  or  total  solids  left 
in  the  gases  after  deposition  of  dust. 

Determining  Volume  of  Gases  by  SOs 
Method 

A  satisfactory  method  of  determining 
the  total  volume  of  the  gases  passing 
through  the  flues  can  be  derived  from 
the  average  determination  of  the  SO: 
in  the  gases.  Knowing  the  quantity  of 
sulphur  being  charged  into  the  furnaces 
and  making  correction  for  that  left  in 
the  slag  or  other  solid  products  of  the 
operation,  and,  if  necessary,  a  correction 
for  the  SOj  formed,  a  ready  means  exists 
for  determining  the  total  volume  of  the 
gases  passing. 

The  SO.,  determination  is  simple  and  I 
believe  accurate,  and  can  be  extended 
over  long  periods.  The  sulphur  charged 
into  the  furnaces  and  other  data  are  easily 
derived  from  the  usual  furnace  assays. 
The  results  can  be  checked  with  Pitot 
tubes  or  other  velocity  meters  or  by  more 
ready  and  practical  tests  of  velocity. 

Introduction  of  Outside  Air  in  the 
Flues  Inadvisable 

It  is  obvious  that  as  far  as  dust  col- 
lection is  concerned  it  is  better  to  collect 
this  by  reduction  of  velocity  before 
"false"  air — that  is  air  not  required  in 
the  process — is  introduced  into  the  flue 
or  stack  system.  I  think  it  is  generally 
conceded  that  a  large  sectional  area  is 
better  for  a  dust  chamber  than  a  small 
one  of  greater  length.  I  also  do  not 
think  it  advisable  to  employ  baffles  which 
only  serve  to  reduce  the  effective  sec- 
tional area  and  increase  the  velocity  of  the 
gases,  and  thus  become  counter-active  as 
far  as  dust  collection  is  concerned. 

I  wruld  suggest  also  that  the  dust  and 
fume,  separately  or  both  together  as  to- 
tal solids,  should  be  stated  in  pounds  per 
million  cubic  feet  or  in  grams  per  cubic 
meter.  Pounds  per  million  cu.ft.  mul- 
tiplied by  0.016  give  grams  per  cubic 
meter,  or  grams  per  cubic  meter  multi- 
plied by  62.43  become  pounds  per  mil- 
lion cubic  feet. 

The  relation  of  the  gas  volume  to  the 
ore  charged  can  so  readily  be  found  by 
the  SO,  analysis  and  the  furnace  assays 
that  it  is  desirable  that  any  other  method 


112 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


of  determining  the  gas  volume  should  be 
checked  by  the  SO.  method  suggested. 

Total  Solids  Left  in  Smeltery  Gases 

I  have  indicated  that  it  would  be  in- 
teresting to  know  how  much  total  solids 
are  left  in  the  smeltery  gases  in  everyday 
practice,  because  I  do  not  know  of  any 
published  information  on  this  point,  I 
have  for  a  long  time  been  aware  of  its 
importance  in  the  stack  gases  and,  in 
order  to  emphasize  this,  will  offer  some 
illustrative  data. 

The  gases  from  the  roasting  of  fine 
pyrite  ore  in  mechanical  furnaces  carry 
off  much  fine  dust.  In  one  case  I  found 
that  the  total  solids  in  such  gases  after 
they  had  passed  through  a  small  dust 
chamber  at  a  velocity  of  one  foot  per 
second  and  were  entering  a  washing 
tower,  amounted  to  0.28  gram  per  cu,in. 
After  passing  the  washing  tower  and 
traversing  a  long  pipe  at  a  velocity  of  5'2 
ft.  per  sec,  the  amount  was  reduced  to 
0.1 1  gram  per  cu.m.  The  color  of  the 
dust  in  both  these  cases  was  red.  The 
gases  after  passing  through  a  large  cham- 
ber at  a  calculated  velocity  of  0.04  ft. 
per  sec.  contained  0.003  gram  per  cu.m., 
after  making  the  usual  correction  for  the 
small  amount  of  solids  contained  in  the 
distilled  water  and  dissolved  from  the 
glass  vessels  in  the  analytical  process. 
The  residue  was,  in  this  latter  case,  white, 
showing  that  the  deposition  of  the  iron 
oxide  had  been  completed  in  the  cham- 
ber. 

Relation  of  Gas  Volume  to  Ore 
Charged 

A  determination  of  the  relation  of  the 
gas  volume  to  ore  charged  to  the 
furnace  showed  that  for  each  ton  of  ore, 
140,000  cu.ft.  of  gas  I  measured  at  air 
temperature)  were  passing  away.  When 
carrying  0.28  gram  per  cu.m.  or  17.48 
lb,  per  million  cu,ft,  2.45  lb,  of  dust 
were  being  carried  away  for  each  ton  of 
ore,  or  0.1225  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of 
ore  charged  into  the  furnace. 

But  the  gases  in  this  case  were  fur- 
nace gases  undiluted  by  false  air.  If  they 
had  been  discharged  at  the  usual  degree 
of  dilution  and  had  carried  the  same 
weight  of  dust  per  unit  volume,  viz.,  0,28 
gram  per  cu.m.  (and  it  does  not  follow 
that  they  would),  then  the  loss  would 
have  been  five  or  si.x  times  greater,  or 
more  than  half  of  one  per  cent,  of  the 
ore  charged. 

The  weight  of  dust  carried  away  at  a 
certain  velocity,  say  of  3  to  5  ft.  per  sec, 
varies  to  some  extent  with  the  nature  of 
the  material  being  smelted.  The  fine  light 
dust  that  would  not  settle  out  at  th?.t 
velocity  might  be  much  larger  in  quan- 
tity in  some  cases  than  in  others.  I  would 
suggest  that  it  might  vary  from  0.05  to 
0.50  gram  per  cu.m.  The  amount  of 
fume  would  also  be  found  to  vary  largely 
with  the  composition  of  the  ore  charge 
and  its  zinc  content  for  instance. 


From  the  Anaconda  case  investigated 
by  Harkins  and  Swain'  I  calculated  that 
the  total  solids  were  not  less  than  0.S8 
gram  per  cu.m.,  after  the  gases  had 
traveled  1200  linear  feet  at  a  velocity  of 
a  little  over  22  ft.  per  sec.  and  1122 
linear  feet  at  a  velocity  higher  than  1 1  ft. 
per  sec.  The  total  solids  contained  a 
little  less  than  9  per  cent,  of  silica  which 
indicates  that  they  were  probably  more 
largely  fume  than  dust.  This  amount  of 
total  solids  does  not  appear  to  me  to  be 
unusually  high  for  the  velocities  in  ques- 
tion. The  temperature  in  the  stack  was 
low — a  condition  favorable  for  the  de- 
position of  the  fume  in  the  flues. 


Rand  Slope  Drill  Competition 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 


The  prize  of  £5000  for  the  best  stoping 
drill  has  now,  as  anticipated  in  a  recent 
letter,  been  officially  awarded.  It  is  di- 
vided between  the  Siskol  and  Holman 
drills.  The  official  results  are  given  be- 
low. It  must  be  remembered  that  these 
results  have  depended  a  great  deal  on 
the  skill  of  the  operators  and  undoubted- 


ing  with  the  best  air  pressure  available 
and  the  softest  ground,  remembering 
that  machines  have  to  be  worked  from  a 
bar  and  arm  and  set  up  several  times,  is 
given  by  the  following  figures:  Two 
Chersen  machines  drilled  118  ft.  in  8 
hours  15  min.;  two  Siskol  machines 
drilled  132  ft.  in  8  hours  45  min.;  two 
Siskol  machines  drilled  64  ft.  in  3  hours 
5  minutes. 

Conclusions  Drawn  From  Tests 
Ofticially,  the  tests  have  been  admitted 
as  showing: 

1.  That  for  these  fields  a  machine 
weighing  over  100  lb.  and  worked  by 
two  natives,  giving  two  to  three  machines 
per  white  man.  is  the  most  suitable. 

2.  That  stoping  with  small  machines 
in  narrow  stopes  can  be  carried  out  more 
cheaply  than  with  hand  labor,  if  proper 
air  pressures   are   available. 

3.  That  the  type  of  machine  suitable 
is  practically  the  same  as  was  available 
on  these    fields   five   years   ago. 

4.  That   holes  of  6  ft.  and  over  are 
the    most   economical    length   to   employ,    ' 
even  in  small  stopes,  if  properly  drilled 
and    loaded. 

.All  of  these  conclusions  are  almost  di- 
rectly contrary  to   the  highest  technicat 


PERFORMANCE   OF 

DRILLS. 

Size 
Piston,     Drilled, 
Inches.       Feet. 

Cost  of 
Spares. 

Cost  of 
Stores. 

Depre- 
ciation. 

Cost  per 

Foot 
Drilled, 
Pence, 

Holman 

2i          12,779 
2}           11,744 
■2i            14,083 
2i           11,781 

£     s.  d. 
!    24  11  0 

46     7   6 
1    74  10  0 
j  124   11   0 

£    s.    d. 
22   17    11 
24   10   10 
30     .i     U 
24     3     3 

£  s.  d. 
60  18  9 
.iO  18  9 
.58  6  3 
42  11  3 

9.77 

10.  yi 

Siskol 

Chersen 

9.90 
11.94 

ly  some  machines  have  been  more  for- 
tunate in  that  respect  than  others,  as  es- 
pecially in  the  early  stages  of  the  contest 
grave  trouble  was  given  by  the  class  of 
operators  provided  at  some  mines.  The 
Chersen  machine  suffered  from  a  defect 
in. the  first  designs  of  the  piston,  which 
caused  numerous  breakages  and  is  ac- 
countable for  the  high  cost  of  spares. 

Operating  Conditions 

The  performances  of  the  drills  were 
largely  spoiled  by  low  air  pressures,  it 
being  demonstrated  at  last,  conclusively, 
that  on  the  mines  of  the  Rand  the  aver- 
age underground  pressure  is  below  60 
lb.  The  average  cost  of  boring  by  na- 
tive labor  (single-jacking)  was  considered 
as  13d.  per  ft.;  'Ad.  per  ft.  was  charged 
against  small  drills  for  steel  use'd,  which 
is   probably    excessive. 

The  width  of  stopes  was  24  to  45  in. 
and  it  was  proved  that  small  machines 
could  work  efficiently  in  a  narrow  stope. 
The  idea  of  limiting  the  depth  of  hole  to 
48  in.  was  abandoned,  and  holes  of  75 
in.  were  employed.  The  cost  of  the  trials 
was  £17,500. 

An  idea  of  the  possible  speed  of  bor- 

'/OHin.  Am.  Chem.  Soc,  Vol.  XXIX. 


and  controlling  opinion  held  by  Rand' 
mining  engineers.  I  have,  however,  main- 
tained and  consistently  advocated  every 
one  of  these  conclusions  in  the  technical 
journals  and  technical  press  during  the 
last  five  years,  and  I  have  brought  for- 
ward both  practical  results  and  theoreti- 
cal reasoning  in  support  of  my  opinions. 
It  has  apparently  cost  the  industry  five 
years'  time,  with  nearly  £20,000  in  direct 
experimenting  to  reach  the  same  conclu- 
sions. 


An   Iron  Centennial 


At  Coatesville,  Penn.,  July  2,  a  celebra- 
tion was  held  in  commemoration  of 
the  100th  anniversary  of  the  founding  of 
the  plant  now  owned  b\'  the  Lukens  Iron 
and  Steel  Company,  and  of  the  90th  an- 
niversary of  the  starting  of  the  first  roll- 
ing mill  in  which  boiler  plate  was  made 
in  the  United  States.  The  ceremonies  in- 
cluded a  parade;  addresses  by  John  Fritz, 
the  "father  of  the  American  Iron  Indus-  j 
try,"  and  other  guests;  and  the  unveiling 
of  a  bronze  tablet  by  the  Chester  County 
Historical  Society,  upon  the  site  of  the 
original  mill,  where  the  first  boiler  plate  j 
Ir  the  country  was  rolled,  | 


July  16,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


113 


Unhealthful  Practices  in  the  Metallurgy  of  Lead 


BY  EDGAR  L.  COLLINS  === 


In  Great  Britain,  in  UIOS  and  1900  the 
reported  cases  of  plumbism  jumped  to 
twice  what  had  been  the  average  for  the 
preceding  eight  years.  This  led  to  an 
investigation  by  His  Majesty's  medical 
inspector  of  factories.  The  works  ex- 
amined were  those  recovering  lead,  zinc, 
or  silver  from  lead-bearing  ores,  and 
those  producing  red  and  orange  lead,  and 
flaked  litharge.  Thirty-six  establish- 
ments were  examined,  the  general  results 
showing  that  handling  lead  bars  may  be 
practically  disregarded  as  a  source  of 
lead  poisoning,  as  may  also,  the  work 
around  the  melting  kettles;  the  chief 
danger  to  the  kettle  men  being  from  dust 
blown  from  other  parts  of  the  works  or 
stirred  up  when  the  drosses  and  skims 
are   removed. 

The  laborers  who  clean  up  or  who 
move  dross,  slag  and  ore  are  exposed  to 
poisoning  by  dust  blown  from  the  mate- 
rial handled,  while  those  working  at  the 
various  furnaces  where  ores,  drosses  and 
other  plumbiferous  by-products  are 
treated,  are  affected  both  by  dust  and 
by  the  furnace  fumes.  The  early  symp- 
toms of  plumbism  were  found  to  be  a 
blue  line  on  the  gums,  impaired  extcn- 
>(ir  strength  of  the  forearms,  and  a  di- 
minished blood  pressure,  this  last  being 
opposite  to  the  common  belief;  the  more 
acute  stages  being  gastric  disturbances, 
anemia,  headaches,  paresis,  and  chron- 
ic rheumatism. 

Each  Type  Has  Its  Peculiar  Dangers 

The  chief  dangers  of  each  type  of  fur- 
nace were  considered  to  be  as  follows. 
In  blast  furnaces  the  charging  floor  is 
the  bad  point;  the  men  there  being  ex- 
posed to  dust  from  handling  the  charge 
as  put  into  the  furnace,  to  flue  dust  and 
lead  fume  blown  out  through  the  charge 
door,  and  to  poisoning  by  arsenic  and  ar- 
arsenical  compounds,  carbon  monoxide 
and  carbon  dioxide.  The  cupola  feeders 
were  considered  to  have  the  most  danger- 
ous employment  in  the  entire  category 
of  positions,  one  physician  declaring  that 
all  the  fatal  results  known  to  him  oc- 
curred among  these  workers.  There  is 
also  some  danger  from  fume  on  the  tap- 
ping floor. 

The  danger  from  reverberatories  is  the 
charging  in  case  litharge  or  dross  Is  be- 
ing treated,  in  the  escape  of  fume 
through  the  working  doors,  or  in  the 
fumes  from  litharge  or  drosses  removed 


NoTB — Abstract    of   a    "Special    Report   on 
Unnci-rons     or     Tnliirlous     Processes     In     the 
^iiioliInK  of  Mnlerlnis  Contfllnlnft  Lead."  made 
llic    Driiisli    rni'Mnnioiii. 

*Hls    Mnjpsty'!!    medlral    Inspector    of    fac- 
tories. 


from  softening  furnaces.  The  latter  pro- 
ducts usually  either  cool  in  the  open  air 
around  the  furnace,  or  else  being  taken 
away  in  uncovered  pots,  the  men  breathe 
the  fumes  as  they  push  the  slag  pots. 
The  furnaces  where  oxides  and  sulphides 
are  treated  together  to  obtain  the  reac- 
tion PbS  -  2PbO  -  3Pb  .-  SO.,  dur- 
ing the  tapping  period  are  even  worse 
than  blast  furnaces  for  giving  off  dele- 
terious fumes.  The  men  usually  recog- 
nize this  themselves  and  work  with  hand- 
kerchiefs over  their  noses,  but  this  is 
not  enough. 

The  kettles  for  desilverizing,  either  by 
Pattison's  or  Parkes'  process,  seem  to  be 
safe,  but  the  zinc-distilling  furnace  in 
the  Parkes'  process  is  a  dangerous  thing, 
as  both  zinc  and  lead  fumes  escape 
therefrom,  and  the  usual  form  of  tilting 
furnace  is  difficult  to  hood,  owing  to  its 
motion. 

At  the  cupellation  furnace  the  high 
temperatures  employed  give  rise  to  a 
large  amount  of  fume,  but  its  richness 
in  gold  and  silver  prompt  the  manufac- 
turer to  make  greater  efforts  to  catch  it, 
so  the  workman  is  not  threatened  so 
much  as  at  other  furnaces. 

The  danger  to  which  the  general  la- 
borer is  subjected  in  moving  material  has 
already  been  spoken  of,  about  31  per 
cent,  of  all  the  cases  of  plumbism  occur- 
ring in  the  men  engaged  in  transporta- 
tion. The  delivery  of  ore  in  bags,  which 
must  be  shaken  out  before  tarring,  is  a 
particular  menace  to  the  men  engaged  in 
the   weighing  and   sampling. 

LiiAD  Considered   the   Injurious  Con- 
stituent IN  Zinc  Charges 

In  the  zinc  industry,  which  is  also 
treated  in  the  report,  it  seems  to  be 
considered  that  the  lead  in  the  charge 
constitutes  the  greatest  cause  of  the 
poisoning  to  which  the  employees  arc 
subject.  There  is  but  little  trouble  aris- 
ing at  the  calcining  furnaces,  owing  to 
the  low  temperature  employed  and  'o 
the  fact  that  many  calciners  are  mcchan- 
'cal  or  semi-mechanical.  At  the  distil- 
lation furnaces,  where  the  temperatures 
must  be  high,  there  is  much  fume  pro- 
duced, and  as  the  men  work  lightly  clad, 
there  are  grave  chances  of  poisoning  by 
dust  adhering  to  the  skin.  To  these  fac- 
tors are  added  exposure  to  sulphur-di- 
oxide gas,  inhalation  of  dust,  and  ex- 
■remes  of  temperature,  so  that  as  a  rule, 
a  man  is  unfitted  for  severe  work  after 
'he  age  of  40.  Little  care  is  usually  tak- 
en with  the  charge  after  it  is  drawn  from 
''he  retort,  copious  fumes  coming  off  as  it 
lies  on  the  floor,  all  of  which  could  be 


prevented    by    proper    damping    of    the 
withdrawn  charge. 

In  dealing  with  the  fumes  from  the 
furnace  in  operation,  the  chief  difficulty 
arises  from  the  fact  that  a  draft  forc- 
ible enough  to  carry  off  the  fumes  will 
cool  the  ends  of  the  condensers  and  in- 
ttifire  with  the  production  of  the  zmi:. 
Two  solutions  of  the  difficulty  seem  to 
be:  (1)  More  efficient  condensers;  (2) 
hoods  opening  into  the  louvres  of  the 
building  over  the  whole  furnace.  There 
is  also,  of  course,  danger  in  this  process 
when  material  is  moved  to  or  from  the 
furnaces,  which  can  be  entirely  obxiiled 
by  keeping  all  materials  damp.  No  harm 
is  done  by  this  damping,  which  is,  in- 
deed in  line  with  Ingall's  direction'  thc.t 
the  retort  charge  should  have  enough 
water  added  so  that  a  "ball  compressed 
in  the  hand  will  hold  its  shape,  but  will 
not  adhere  to  the  hand." 

Remedial  Measures 

The  general  remarks  on  dust  will,  of 
course,  also  apply  to  the  manufacture  of 
litharge  and  lead  pigments,  the  grinding, 
sieving  and  packing  operations  being  at- 
tended with  special  danger.  Remedial 
measures  may  be  summarized  oriefly  as 
follows:  (1  Prevention  of  ihe  escape 
of  fumes;  (2)  reduction  of  dust  to  a 
minimum;  and  (3)  the  encouragement 
of  cleanliness. 

The  first  suggestion  can  only  be  com- 
pletely attained  by  the  establish;nent  of 
hocds  and  exhaust  apparatus  over  the 
entire  furnaces,  but  much  can  he  done 
by  small  hoods  over  most  of  t!ie  tap- 
ping and   working  doors. 

Dust  can  be  reduced  by  daily  damping 
)f  the  floors,  keeping  piles  of  loose  ma- 
terial off  floors  exposed  to  drafts,  and 
by  the  use  of  covered  cars  for  moving 
lead-bearing  material.  Conditions  at  the 
blast  furnace  can  be  improved  by  the 
instaiation  of  mechanical  charging  ap- 
paratus and  by  frequent  cleaning  of  Ihe 
flues. 

All  furnaces  should  have  the  material 
brought  to  them  as  far  as  possible  oy 
mechanical  means,  and  the  various  pro- 
ducts removed  in  the  same  way.  All 
furnaces  or  flues  should  be  cooled  be- 
fore repair  work  or  cleaning  out  Is  be- 
gun on  them.  Final  and  by-products 
should  be  kept  moist  as  far  as  possible, 
and  dry  materials  should  not  be  hand- 
shoveled  into  any  hopper  or  chute.  The 
•Tioistening  of  sacks  before  shaking  is 
strongly  recommended.  In  cleaning  flues, 
tearing  out  old  furnaces,  etc.,  respirators 


'"Mptiilliirpj-    of  zinc   and    radmlnm.' 
.md  edition,   p.  510. 


114 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


should  always  be  worn,  and  it  is  strong- 
ly enjoined  that  no  man  be  kept  at  sucn 
work  continuously  for  over  three  hours 
without  at  least  a  half-hour's  rest.  No 
drinking  water  should  be  kept  m  any- 
thing but  tightly  closed  vessels. 

As   regards   personal   cleanliness,   this 
can  only  be  provided  for  by  proper  lava- 


tories and  shower  baths,  and  by  the  es- 
tablishment of  dining  rooms  closed  off 
from  the  dust.  Men  should  not  be  al- 
lowed to  come  into  the  rooms  without 
first  washing.  (At  works  where  this  rule 
has  been  tried,  its  enforcement  was  soon 
a  matter  of  pride  with  the  men  them- 
selves).    The  use   of  tobacco  in   rooms 


where  plumbiferous  dust  is  afloat  is  for- 
bidden. 

The  above  remedial  measures  are,  itt 
their  scope,  practical  recapitulations  of 
the  German  and  French  regulations  on 
the  same  subject,  a  striking  unanimity 
being  shown  between  the  regulations  of 
the  three  nations. 


Statistical  Position  of  West  African  Gold  Mines 

LONDON  CORRESPONDENCE 


Most  of  the  mining  companies  on  the 
West  Coast  of  Africa  end  their  fiscal 
year  with  the  calendar  year,  and  have 
presented  their  reports  for  1909.  From 
these  it  is  possible,  with  the  help  of  in- 
formation provided  in  the  supplementary 
report  for  the  first  quarter  of  this  year, 
to  form  a  good  idea  of  the  progress  and 
of  the  immediate  outlook  for  those 
mines. 

The  three  companies  which  are  at 
present  producing  a  considerable  amount 
of  gold  ore  are:  The  Ashanti  Goldfields, 
the  Taquah,  and  the  Abosso.  These 
present  their  annual  reports  at  the  mid- 
dle of  the  year,  so  that  for  the  purposes 
of  this  review  they  are  somewhat  out 
of  line.  They  form  a  group  which  is  so 
completely  representative  of,  though 
not  monopolizing  all  that  is  left  upon 
the  West  Coast,  that  a  short  resume  of 
their  present  position  is  not  out  of  place. 

It  may  be  said  that  on  the  Gold  Coast 
there  are,  excluding  the  ordinary  shal- 
low alluvial  ground,  two  distinct  classes 
of  auriferous  orebodies,  both  equally 
well  represented.  Ordinary  quartz  reefs 
as  typically  developed  on  the  property 
of  the  Ashanti  Goldfields,  and  the  ban- 
ket reef,  typically  represented  on  the 
Taquah  and  the  Abosso. 

Ashanti   Goldfields 

The  present  position  of  the  Ashanti 
Goldfields  is  that  from  its  principal 
quartz  reef  and  from  a  second  argillac- 
eous formation  characterized  by  the  dis- 
tribution of  fine  gold  throughout,  this 
mine  is  producing  from  7200  tons  per 
month,  about  £26,500,  of  which  about 
£12,500  is  clear  profit.  Recent  cable  ad- 
vice from  the  mine  announces  the  fact 
that  the  new  roasting  plant  has  started 
which  will  bring  the  treatment  capacity 
up  to  11,500  tons  per  month,  from  which 
a  revenue  of  not  less  than  £40,000  will 
be  obtained. 

The  possibility  of  obtaining  this  rate 
is  justified  by  the  statement  of  the  ore 
reserves,  given  at  the  end  of  last  Octo- 
ber as  519,300  tons,  containing  18.2  dwt. 
of  gold  per  ton.  It  has  since  been  stated 
that  recent  developments  have  been 
quite  satisfactory.  Though  this  mining 
company  has  been  a  producer  for  a  good 
many  years,  it  has  had  an  irregular  ca- 


reer. Its  position  fluctuates  more  or  less 
with  the  rise  or  fall  of  its  ore  reserves. 
The  position,  however,  disclosed  by  the 
last  annual  report  is  a  satisfactory  one. 

Abosso  Mine 

The  present  position  of  the  Abosso, 
which  is  the  leading  mine  on  the  Tarkwa 
goldfield,  is  that  from  about  7000  tons  of- 
ore  crushed  per  month,  a  return  of  about 
£16,000  is  being  obtained,  of  which  £4000 
represent  profit.  The  fourth  dividend  was 
on  a  5  per  cent,  basis,  though  for  three 
previous  years  it  had  been  10  per  cent. 
The  ore  reserves  declared  with  last  year's 
report  were  350,888  tons  of  14.4  dwt., 
from  which  it  would  be  judged  that  the 
present  rate  of  production  is  below  what 
the  mine  could  well  maintain. 

Taquah  Mine 

The  Taquah  mine,  which  may  be  stated 
as  a  good  second  to  the  Abosso,  is  at 
present  crushing  5500  tons  per  month 
for  a  revenue  of  £15,500,  of  which  amount 
it  may  be  said  that  £4000  is  profit,  though 
so  far,  the  only  dividend  distributed  was 
one  of  £35,000  in  1908.  The  ore  reserves 
at  the  date  of  the  last  annual  report  were 
put  at  141,187  tons  of  15.6  dwt.,  from 
which  it  may  be  considered  that  the  re- 
turns are  commensurate  with  the  present 
development. 

To  a  certain  extent  these  two  mines, 
and  especially  the  latter,  have  proved  dis- 
appointing, as  the  shareholders  were  led 
to  expect  better  results.  This  disappoint- 
ment was  due  largely  to  defect  in  ma- 
chinery and  plant,  and  to  an  insufficient 
production  for  the  ordinary  exigencies  of 
mining  in  a  tropical  country.  Later  de- 
velopments have  shown  that  the  banket 
beds  on  the  Tarkwa  goldfield  are  not  so 
regular  in  value  as  those  upon  the  Rand, 
and  that  so  far  the  continuous  lengths  of 
payable  ore  found  are  smaller  than 
the  average  deposit  upon  the  Rand,  with 
the  natural  sequence  that  unpayable  ore 
is  more  evident. 

Prestea  Block  A 

We  are  now  in  a  position  to  consider 
the  yearly  reports  now  at  hand,  and  it  has 
again  to  be  stated  that  these  are  of  mines 
which  at  present  are  developing  ore  re- 
serves.   The  most  important  are  the  Pres- 


tea Block  A,  and  the  Abbontiakoon.  It 
is  an  interesting  fact  that  here  again 
there  is  in  the  Prestea  mine  a  typical 
quartz  reef,  and  in  the  Abbontiakoon  the 
same  banket  formation  as  occurs  in  the 
Abosso  and  the  Taquah,  next  to  which 
latter  mine  that  of  the  Abbontiakoon  lies. 
It  is  a  further  interesting  fact  that  both 
of  these  mines  have  been  large  producers 
of  gold,  but  that  about  the  middle  of  last 
year  both  of  them  stopped  crushing  to 
apply  their  resources  to  the  further  ex- 
tension of  ore  reserves,  which  were  in- 
sufficient. 

The  Prestea  Block  A  had,  according  to 
the  yearly  report,  537,845  tons  of  ore  de- 
veloped on  March  31  of  this  year.  The 
ore  assays  9.95  dwt.  gold  per  ton.  There 
is  at  present  a  new  stamp  mill  of  110 
stamps  in  course  of  erection,  but  though 
good  progress  is  being  made,  it  has  been 
stated  that  crushing  will  be  resumed  about 
next  October. 

The  reserves  at  the  end  of  1908  were 
stated  to  be  270,500  tons  of  11.6  dwt.,  so 
that  if,  including  the  ore  crushed  during 
the  year  and  making  an  allowance  for 
some  ore  now  classified  profitable  which 
was  previously  considered  unprofitable,  it 
may  be  said  that  380,000  tons  are  de- 
veloped. 

The  Abbontiakoon  Mine 

The  Abbontiakoon  report  states  that  on 
March  31,  1910.  there  were  228,074  tons 
of  developed  ore,  having  a  value  of  13.2 
dwt.,  and  208.131  tons  of  ore  containing 
6  dwt.  The  corresponding  figures  at  the 
end  of  1909  being:  Profitable  ore,  196,- 
312  tons  of  12.9  dwt.;  and  unprofitable, 
187,029  tons  of  3.2  dwt.  It  is  difficult  to 
get  exact  figures,  but  it  would  appear  that 
during  the  year  under  review  there  were 
about  160,000  tons  of  profitable  ore  de- 
veloped by  5264  ft.  of  drifting,  which 
worked  out  at  the  rate  of  about  30  tons 
per  foot.  In  making  comparison  with  the 
figures  given  above  for  the  Prestea  mine 
it  has  to  be  remembered  that  on  account 
of  the  lower  angle  of  dip  of  the  banket  | 
reef,  the  different  levels  are  farther  apart  I 
when  measured  upon  the  plane  of  the 
reef  than  they  are  in  the  case  of  the  more  i 
vertical  quartz  reef,  and  for  this  reason 
the  rate  of  development  in  the  Prestea  is 


July  16,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


115 


even  more  favorable  than  the  comparison 
of  the  two  figures  {.dually  chosen. 

The  Wassaw  Mine 

There  is  another  banket  mine,  the  Was- 
saw,  which  also  stopped  its  work  about 
the  middle  of  last  year,  in  order  to  de- 
vote its  energy  to  the  development  of  its 
ore,  and  of  this  the  last  quarterly  report, 
dated  March  31  of  this  year,  says  that 
there  are  now  developed  202,916  tons  of 
ore,  having  a  value  of  10.6  dwt.,  and 
101,867  tons  of  3.33  dwt.  This  mine  ad- 
joins the  Abosso  and  next  to  it  again  on 
the  other  side  is  the  Cinnamon  Bippo, 
where   the   ore    reserves    at   the    end    of 


classed  as  unprofitable  is  actually  mined. 

It  may.  therefore,  be  justifiable  to  say 
that  not  one  of  the  mines  enumerated 
above  will  be  able  to  keep  to  the  high 
value  of  the  ore,  but  that  the  yield  will 
always  be  appreciably  lower.  At  the  same 
time,  however,  the  proportion  of  ore  toTe 
mined  will  be  automatically  increased, 
though  not  to  such  an  extent  as  to  leave 
no  regret  that  it  was  not  posible  to  keep 
the  rich  ore  more  separate. 

With  regard  to  the  maintenance  of 
value  in  depth  in  this  banket  goldfield,  no 
tendency  toward  impoverishment  in  that 
direction  has  been  observed,  and  the  bot- 
tom levels  of  the  different  mines  offer  en- 


come  is  that  the  quartz  reef  will  play  a 
more  important  part  than  those  of  the 
banket. 


Cyanide  Plants  on  the   Rand 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 


The  accompanying  photograph  serves 
to  show  the  immense  size  and  consequent 
high  capital  cost  of  the  decantation  plants 
installed  to  treat  the  sands  and  slimes 
on  the  Rand.  This  capital  cost  has  been 
somewhat  reduced  by  the  adoption  of  the 
Caldecott  sand  filters  and  by  the  intro- 
duction   of    reinforced-concrete    solution 


Joint  Cyanide  Plant  of  Knighis  Deep  and  Sim.mer  &  Jack  East 


March  of  this  year  were:  Profitable  ore, 
208,809  tons  of  10.23  dwt.,  and  107,814 
tons  of  4.8  dwt.  gold  per  ton. 

Outside  Properties 

There  are  other  mines  showing  devel- 
opment upon  the  extension  of  the  banket 
reef,  but  on  these  the  work  so  far  done 
is  on  a  smaller  scale  than  in  the  case  with 
those  which  have  been  mentioned,  and 
also  from  the  published  reports,  the  re- 
sults obtained  are  less  favorable.  The 
proportion  of  unprofitable  ore  is  still  the 
larger. 

Gold  Content  of  the  Ore 

In  the  above  figures  it  is  generally  con- 
sidered that  anything  under  6  dwt.  is  un- 
profitable. Those  areas  or  blocks,  the  av- 
erage assay  of  which  is  under  that  figure, 
may  be  refused  on  paper,  but  it  is  the 
experience  with  such  banket  reefs  that  in 
*  mining  it  is  not  possible  to  keep  such  a 
hard  and   fast  line,  and  much  poor  ore 


couragement  as  great  as  there  was  at  any 
level. 

Quartz  Reefs  in  Slightly  Stronger 

Statistical  Position  than 

Banket  Mines 

A  comparison  of  the  figures  above 
given  would  show  that  the  mines  working 
on  quartz  reefs  in  this  country  do  not 
yield  place  to  those  working  on  banket,  in 
the  matter  of  their  present  ore  reserves. 
This  fact  also  holds  good  for  the  present 
value  of  the  respective  output  of  gold, 
for  in  this  matter  the  Ashanti  Goldfields 
output  is  supplemented  by  treating  ore  of 
another  quartz  mine,  the  Bibiani,  making 
the  total  of  the  two  not  less  than  that  of 
the  Taquah  and  the  Abosso  combined, 
and  in  the  months  to  come  they  will  have 
a  considerable  output  of  the  regenerated 
Prestea  Block  A  mine  to  their  side,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  increase  in  the  Ashanti  Gold- 
fields  output  which  is  now  taking  place. 
The  outlook,  therefore,  for  some  time  to 


pumps  sunk  in  the  ground,  and  rein- 
forced-concrete  supports  for  tanks  as 
adopted   on  the   City   Deep. 

There  is  an  admitted  loss,  how'ever,  of 
about  6d.  per  ton  in  dissolved  gold  in 
solutions  not  recovered  by  this  process, 
and  experiments  have  been  made  with 
the  Ridgway  filter  on  the  Randfontein 
Deep,  and  are  being  made  under  Doctor 
Bosqui  on  the  Geldenhuis  Deep  mine 
with  a  Butters  filter  plant  to  see  if  the 
latter  system  could  not  be  adopted  on 
the  Rand.  The  Denny  brothers  intro- 
duced filter  pressing  and  the  plant  on  the 
Meyer  &  Charlton  is  still  running  satis- 
factorily. 

The  Kast  Rand  Proprietary  Company 
is  experimenting  with  the  Arbuckle  con- 
tinuous slime  and  sand  process  with  fair 
success,  and  it  is  possible  that  a  change 
of  practice  in  cyaniding  slimes  may  re- 
sult on  the  Rand,  although  Mr.  McDer- 
mott  recently  admitted  that  decantation 
was  adapted  to  conditions  on  this  Held. 


116 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


The    Laws    of    Mexico 


BY  H.  L.  SCAIFE* 


Through  ignorance  or  carelessness,  a 
laxity  in  compliance  with  the  laws  by 
foreigners  operating  in  Mexico  is  a  com- 
mon occurrence.  Companies  in  the 
United  States  make  inexcusable  blunders 
by  a  failure  to  become  acquainted  with 
important  differences  which  exist  between 
the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  those 
of  Mexico.  While  many  of  the  laws 
governing  Mexico  might  be  guessed  from 
a  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  there  are  provisions  which  are 
peculiar  to  Mexico  and  an  ignorance  of 
these  differences  might  lead  to  serious 
consequences.  The  Mexican  law  is 
founded  on  the  Spanish  codes  which  were 
originally  developed  from  the  Roman 
law.  This  accounts  for  many  differences 
existing  betwen  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  and  those  of  Mexico. 

The  Notary  and  His  Duties   ■ 

The  notary  is  an  important  officer  in 
Mexico,  as  many  documents  have  no 
binding  effect  unless  executed  in  his 
presence  and  recorded  in  his  book.  Be- 
sides the  book  of  the  notary,  there  are 
public  offices  for  the  registering  of  doc- 
uments and  all  titles  by  which  mines  and 
real  estate  are  transferred  must  be  regis- 
tered in  the  district  in  which  they  are, 
or  the  rights  of  a  subsequent  purchaser 
will  be  protected  without  notice.  If  a 
document  making  a  conveyance  is  not 
recorded  in  the  proper  district  within  the 
time  prescribed  by  law.  the  grantee  who 
first   records  his  title  will  be  protected. 

Protocolizations  and  all  important  doc- 
uments made  by  a  notary  must  be  ex- 
ecuted in  his  presence,  as  the  law  con- 
siders the  document  to  be  the  act  of  the 
notary  and  not  the  act  of  the  parties. 
The  notarial  act  is  void:  If  the  notary  is 
not  duly  commissioned;  if  written  in  a 
foreign  language;  if  the  notary  fails  to 
certify  that  it  was  read  to  the  interested 
parties;  if  the  signature  of  any  party, 
witness,  interpreter,  or  if  the  signature  or 
seal  of  the  notary  is  omitted;  if  the  no- 
tary authorizes  the  act  outside  of  his 
jurisdiction;  or  for  any  other  reason  set 
forth  in  Article  69  of  the  Notarial 
Law.  If  the  requirements  of  this 
article  are  compiled  with,  the  no- 
tarial act  is  valid  even  if  the  notary 
has  infringed  the  law.  An  interested  party 
may  hold  a  notary  or  even  a  judge  ac- 
countable for  any  illegal  act.  Documents 
executed  before  officials  in  foreign  coun- 
tries are  translated  and  protocolized  by 
order  of  the  court. 

In  the  event  a  notarial  document  is 
to  be   recorded,  it   is  necessary   for  the 


•Opnornl     mnnncpr.     Carmen     KflnlnR    Com 
pany.    Zncniilpnn.    Mexico. 


signature  of  the  notary  to  be  attested  by 
the  governor  of  the  State,  or  if  the  no- 
tarial act  is  executed  in  the  Federal  Dis- 
trict it  is  necessary  for  the  signature  of 
the  notary  to  be  attested  by  the  proper 
officer  there  or  else  the  document  will 
not  be  received  for  record  in  other  juris- 
dictions. The  rubrica  or  flourish  answers 
the  purpose  of  a  seal  and  is  put  after  the 
name  of  each  signer,  including  the  no- 
tary. When  the  name  of  a  person  Is 
printed  at  the  end  of  a  document,  the 
flourish  is  added  if  it  is  desired  to  give 
the  same  effect  to  the  document  as 
though  it  had  been  actually  signed. 

The  Commercial  Code 

The  Commercial  Code  requires  that 
three  sets  of  books  be  kept  in  Spanish: 
A  book  of  inventory  and  balances,  a  gen- 
eral day  book  and  a  ledger,  and  each 
page  of  these  books  must  bear  the  stamp 
of  a  government  official.  Entries  must  be 
made  progressively  in  the  order  of  their 
respective  dates,  without  blanks  or  any- 
thing that  could  be  altered,  and  in  the 
event  an  error  is  made  erasures  are  not 
allowed  but  corrections  must  be  made  by 
a  new  entry.  Where  sales  are  made 
factura  books  must  be  kept  and  provi- 
sions are  also  made  in  regard  to  filing 
receipts,  correspondence,  telegrams  and 
other  papers  received  during  the  course 
of  business.  A  stamp  officer  examines  the 
books  to  see  if  the  necessary  stamps 
have  been  affixed,  but  a  general  examina- 
tion of  books  and  papers  is  not  allowed 
except  upon  order  of  a  judical  officer.  The 
mining  law  provides  that  mining  contracts 
are  to  be  considered  commercial  acts  sub- 
ject to  the  enactments  of  the  Commercial 
Code  unless  otherwise  provided. 

The  Stamp  Law 

The  stamp  law  sets  forth  fully  and 
specifically  those  documents  which  are 
required  to  be  stamped  and  also  the 
amount  of  stamps  to  be  affixed.  Prac- 
tically every  act  requiring  the  payment  of 
money  requires  a  stamp.  On  every  re- 
ceipt the  equivalent  of  two  centavos  must 
be  affixed  for  each  twenty  pesos.  Docu- 
ments executed  without  the  .prescribed 
stamps  are  void  and  the  infractors  are 
liable  to  fine  and  imprisonment.  If  the 
stamps  were  omitted  at  the  time  the  docu- 
ment was  executed  an  interested  party 
may  present  it  at  a  stamp  office  within 
eight  days  after  its  date  and  have  it 
stamped  by  paying  double  the  rate  or 
within  one  year  from  date  by  paying 
treble  the  quota. 

Revenue  stamps  bear  date  of  the  fiscal 
year  for  which  they  are  issued;  at  the 
end  of  this  period  any  stamps  on  hand 


must  be  exchanged  for  those  of  the  new 
issue.  Penalties  are  prescribed  for  those 
persons  who  keep  stamps  in  their  poss- 
ession, without  being  canceled,  belonging 
to  a  lapsed  period  after  the  term  within 
which  they  can  be  legally  exchanged  for 
stamps  of  the  new  issue.  And  penal- 
ties are  also  prescribed  for  those  who, 
without  being  personally  bound  to  affix 
on  a  document  the  corresponding  stamps, 
accept  or  own  the  document  without  the 
proper  amount  of  stamps  being  affixed 
thereon. 

Documents  Made  in  Foreign  Countries 

It  has  been  decided  that  documents 
executed  in  a  foreign  country  and  brought 
to  Mexico  for  the  purpose  of  being  legal- 
ized need  only  pay  the  original  quota  re- 
gardless of  the  length  of  time  which  has 
expired  since  the  date  of  its  execution. 
Innocent  infractions  of  the  stamp  law  are 
not  severely  dealt  with,  but  when  it  ap- 
pears that  the  evasion  was  made  for  the 
purpose  of  defrauding  the  government, 
the  heaviest  penalties  are  imposed. 

The  form  and  execution  of  documents 
made  in  a  foreign  country  intended  to  be 
performed  in  Mexico  are  valid  and  the 
foreigner  may  choose  either  the  place  of 
execution  or  the  law  of  the  place  of  per- 
formance as  the  law  to  govern  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  instrument.  In  Mexico 
the  laws  of  domicile  do  not  prevent  the 
parties  to  a  contract  from  submitting 
themselves  to  any  jurisdiction  desired 
provided  the  agreement  does  not  conflict 
with  any  prohibitive  law.  Many  of  the 
State  codes  provide  that  parties  to  a  con- 
tract may  select  the  place  for  its  per- 
formance and  may  submit  themselves  tc 
the  laws  and  tribunals  of  any  jurisdictior 
even  when  the  contract  relates  to  real 
estate.  For  convenience  and  for  the  rea- 
son that  most  of  the  states  have  adopted 
the  code  of  the  Federal  District,  foreign 
ers  frequently  choose  Mexico  City  as  the 
place  of  performance  of  the  contracts 
made  by  them. 

Property  Owned  Jointly 

It  is  well  to  ascertain  the  capacity  of 
the  parties  to  a  contract,  as  there  are  re- 
strictions in  certain  cases  placed  on 
brokers,  experts  and  appraisers,  guardi- 
ans and  executors,  and  also  court  and 
government  officials.  Particular  attention 
must  be  paid  to  the  rights  of  married 
women.  It  is  also  a  law  (dcrecho  del 
tanto)  that  coowners  of  individual  prop- 
erty cannot  sell  their  respective  shares 
without  giving  eight  days'  judicial  or  no- 
tarial notice  to  the  other  coowners  witfi 
the  privilege  of  exercising  a  preferential 
right  of  purchase.     If  such  notice  is  not 


July  16.  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


117 


given,  a  coowner  has  the  right  to  have  the 
contract  made  with  a  third  party  rescinded 
within  a  certain  time  prescribed  by  law. 
Where  purchases  are  made  jointly  it  is 
usually  stipulated  that  the  parties  waive 
the  preferential  right  of  purchase,  but  in 
many  cases,  as  where  titles  to  mines  have 
been  issued  jointly,  the  interest  or  the 
part  interest  of  a  coowner  should  not  be 
bought  until  the  preferential  right  of  pur- 
chase has  been  given  to  the  other  co- 
owners. 

Married  persons  cannot  deal  between 
themselves  as  buyer  and  seller.  Under 
the  laws  of  Mexico  a  married  woman  has 
a  joint  interest  in  her  husband's  property, 
and  unless  she  joins  in  the  indenture 
made  by  her  husband  her  rights  are  re- 
served. A  marriage  contract  made  in  a 
foreign   country   by   persons    who    after- 


ward remove  to  Mexico  and  reside  there 
is  governed  by  the  laws  of  the  country  in 
which  it  was  celebrated  except  that  real 
estate  owned  by  them  in  Mexico  is  sub- 
ject to  the  laws  of  Mexico.  However, 
they  have  the  privilege  of  adopting  the 
law  of  Mexico  as  to  their  marital  rights 
and  obligations.  On  the  death  of  a  wife 
her  heirs  inherit  her  share  in  the  prop- 
erty of  her  husband.  The  constitution  de- 
clares that  foreigners  who  acquire  real 
estate  in  Mexico  become  Mexican  citizens 
unless  they  preserve  their  nationality  by 
declaration,  and  in  notarial  documents 
which  transfer  real  estate  to  foreigners, 
a  clause  to  the  effect  that  the  party  re- 
serves his  nationality  is  usually  inserted. 
In  event  a  foreigner  fails  to  make  the 
declaration,  he  assumes  the  obligation  to 
"defend       the     independence,     territory. 


honor,  rights  and  interests  of  the  country: 
serve  in  the  army  or  national  guard  when 
required  and  contribute  to  the  municipal, 
state  and  federal  expenses." 

Translation  of  Laws 

English  translations  of  most  of  the  laws 
may  be  had  and  a  useful  abridgment  of 
the  various  Mexican  laws  conveniently 
arranged  will  be  found  in  a  recent  book'. 
The  plan  of  the  author  is  to  give  a  synop- 
sis of  the  important  articles  and  a  ref- 
erence to  the  full  text.  As  it  is  the  first 
English  publication  of  the  kind,  it  will  be 
found  valuable  to  those  having  business 
relations  in  Mexico. 


"•.\  [Innilbook  of  Mp.tican  Law."  b.v  Josepli 
Ken-:  I'an  .\inerican  I-aw  IJnok  t'onipany, 
riiicaKo. 


The    Need    of    Improved    Methods    at    Joplin 


BY  AXEL  O.  IHLSENG 


The  methods  of  handling  ores  in  the 
Joplin  district  have  improved  greatly  in 
the  last  20  years.  This  suggests  that 
each  succeeding  year  will  see  a  further 
improvement  in  methods,  and  with  these 
improvements  a  bettering  of  the  condi- 
tions of  the   industry   itself. 

Invention  of  the  Cooley  Jig 

At  the  Eureka  mine  in  Belleville,  in 
1889,  I  installed  the  first  Cooley  jig.  This 
jig  was  an  outgrowth  of  accident  more 
than  design,  as  a  mistake  had  been  made 
in  the  material  shipped  to  us.  We  had  re- 
ceived a  carload  of  2x4s,  instead  of  the 
usual  grooved  timbers  used  at  that  time. 
It  was  necessary  to  build  the  jigs  from 
the  2x4s.  This  was  the  first  pair  of 
jigs  of  2x4s  in  the  camp  and  subse- 
quently Cooley  applied  for  a  patent  on 
this  accidental  product. 

Large  Loss  in   Fines 

Greater  efforts  have  been  made  in  sav- 
ing the  fine  mineral  contents  of  the  crude 
ore  by  the  introduction  of  sand  jigs  and 
slime  tables.  The  result  of  the  improve- 
ments in  this  direction  has  not  been  as 
marked  as  the  opportunity  really  af- 
forded. The  losses  in  the  fines  from  a 
concentrating  plant  of  today  are  large. 
Only  slight  efforts  have  been  made  to 
recover  the  fine  material  which  is  carried 
suspended  in  the  running  water  and 
which  goes  off  in  the  tailings  from  the 
plant.  The  fines  recovered  in  the  mill 
practice  arc  the  coarse  fines,  which  are 
caught  in  settling  tanks  in  the  moment- 

•.Mluliit'   I'nKlncor.    .Toplln.    Mo. 
^       NnTt: — Kxrerpts  from  an  address  l)pfor(>  tlip 
,  Joplin    Commercial    Cluli. 


ary  stoppage  of  the  water  running  from 
the  mill. 

There  is  no  question  but  that  the  fu- 
ture must  see  a  decided  improvement  in 
the  saving  of  these  fines.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  the  plants  working  in  the 
sheet-ground  territory  in  and  about  Webb 
City,  lose  in  fines  enough  to  make  a  hand- 
some profit  on  the  investment. 

Possible   Profits 

In  many  cases  where  properties  are  be- 
ing run  at  a  loss,  the  entire  operating 
losses  for  the  week  could  easily  be  made 
up  from  the  ore  saved  from  the  sludge 
water,  if  sufficient  effort  was  made  in  this 
direction.  The  recoverable  fines  from  the 
sludge  water  would  easily  increase  the 
yield  25  per  cent,  and  plants  now  operat- 
ing on  a  rock  yielding  2  per  cent.  zinc, 
could  readily  increase  the  recovery  to  2'j 
per  cent,  by  the  application  of  a  thor- 
ough system  of  saving  fines.  This  is  one 
of  the  greatest  problems  of  the  sheet- 
ground  district.  On  this  particular  fea- 
ture will  depend  the  successful  operation 
of  the  sheet-ground  mines  and  unless  ef- 
fort is  made  looking  to  this  recoverv, 
many  of  these  properties  must  close  for 
lack  of  sufficient  yield  from  the  ore  to 
pay  operating  expenses. 

Increased  Mill  Capacity 

Another  improvement  which  must  be 
introduced  is  in  the  capacity  of  the  rough- 
ing dcrartmcnt.  I  believe  that  all  rough- 
ing capacities  should  be  doubled  in  prac- 
tically every  mill  in  the  district,  and  this 
can  bo  done  by  increasing  the  cell  sur- 
face on  the  jigs  by  widening  the  jig  in- 
stead of  lengthening  it. 


Disposal  of  Tailings 
Another  improvement  necessary  in  the 
district  is  the  elimination  of  the  expen- 
sive tailing  elevator.  This  elimination  can 
easily  be  carried  out  by  a  combination  of 
two  impiovements.  The  one  necessitat- 
ing a  saving  of  the  sludge  water  and 
the  second,  the  disposal  of  the  tailings 
by  a  belt  conveyer.  These  two  improve- 
ments go  hand  in  hand  and  the  necessity 
for  the  saving  of  the  sludge  water  must 
be  apparent  to  every  operator.  With  this 
attempt  to  improve  milling  practice  and 
the  recovery  of  concentrates,  there  natur- 
ally follows  the  installation  of  the  sim- 
plest methods  of  disposing  of  the  tailings. 
There  are  tailing  elevators  in  this  district, 
the  maintenance  of  which  costs  from 
S3000  to  S5000  annually,  to  say  nothing 
of  the  loss  of  time  due  to  breakdowns 
and  accidents  to  the  belts. 

High  Cost  of  Handling  Ore 
The  increased  capacity  of  the  concen- 
trating plants  will  necessitate  improve- 
ment in  the  loading  of  ore  underground 
and  its  delivery  to  the  hopper.  The  cost 
of  this  particular  operation  at  present  is 
fully  20  per  cent,  and  in  many  cases  25 
per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  mining  and 
milling.  This  is  out  of  all  proportion  to 
the  cost  of  the  other  operations  of  the 
plant  and  does  not  seem  to  be  a  fair  dis- 
tribution in  accordance  with  the  character 
of  the  work  done.  This  problem  is  one 
of  the  most  important  ones  in  connection 
with  mining  which  must  be  solved. 

The  proper  attention  to  these  improve- 
ments as  outlined  in  the  mining  and  mill- 
ing operations  will  tend  to  more  econom- 
ic work  and  permit  of  the  operation  of 
ground  heretofore  impossible. 


lU 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


Copper   Mining    in    Metcalf    District,    Arizona 

Mines  Worked  since  1873;  3500  Tons  Low-grade  Ore  Handled  Daily; 
Milling,    Slicing,    and    Square-set     Methods     Used;     Litde    Timbering 


BY 


PETER 


B 


SCOTLAND* 


The  copper  deposits  of  Metcalf  are 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  Mo- 
renci-Metcalf  district,  Graham  county, 
Arizona,  22  miles  from  the  New  Mexico 
border.  As  early  as  1873,  small  amounts 
of  rich  surface  ore  were  mined  and 
smelted  in  primitive  adobe  furnaces  at 
Clifton,  but  it  was  not  until  the  advent 
of  the  Arizona  Copper  Company  and  the 
Detroit  Copper  Mining  Company  in  1882 
that  important  exploratory  work  com- 
menced. From  that  date  the  production 
of  copper  rapidly  increased,  till  in  1909 
it  amounted  to  74,000,000  lb.  annually  or 
one-quarter  of  the  output  of  the  Terri- 
tory. In  all,  not  less  than  790,000,000 
lb.  of  copper  have  been  produced  from 
the  Morenci-Metcalf  district  since  1882, 
the  value  of  which  exceeds  5110,000,000. 

Low-CPADE  Ore  Successfully  Worked 
Though  few  districts  have  so  enviable  a 
record  of  successful  work,  it  is  doubtful 
if  any  other  copper  district  of  equal  im- 
portance is  so  little  known  or  heard  of 
in  mining  circles.  The  operating  con- 
cerns overcame  their  difficulties  and 
gained  their  success  without  spectacular 
newspaper  or  stock-market  pyrotechnics. 
Railroads  were  built  in  the  face  of  an 
arid  climate,  fierce  Apaches  and  unfavor- 
able topography.  Smelting  problems  were 
solved  and  later,  when  the  supply  of 
high-grade  ore  failed,  the  concentration 
and  leaching  of  the  low-grade  ores  were 
profitably  undertaken. 

The  district  has  been  dependent  on  the 
low-grade  ores  for  the  last  15  years. 
Three  thousand  five  hundred  tons  per  day 
are  passed  through  the  concentrating 
mills  of  the  three  operating  concerns, 
namely  the  Arizona,  the  Detroit  and  the 
Shannon  copper  companies.  The  reserves 
of  low-grade  sulphide  and  oxide  ores  of 
these  companies  insure  the  district  a  long 
productive  life.  This  period  is  being  con- 
stantly increased  by  the  discovery  of 
other  orebodies. 

Occurrence  of  the  Ore 
It  is  not  the  intention  of  this  article  to 
do  more  than  briefly  state  such  facts  in 
connection  with  the  occurrence  of  the  ore 
as  are  necessary  for  a  proper  understand- 
ing of  the  mining  methods  employed.  The 
copper-bearing  area  is  a  triangular  moun- 
tain mass,  the  sides  of  which  are  approx- 
imately six  miles  in  length,  rising  abrupt- 
ly from  the  surrounding  gravel  plateau 
to  a  maximum  elevation  of  7400  ft.  above 
sea  level.     Within  this  area,  an  immense 


•MInp  Hnprrlntpnrlont.  Arizona  ('opi)cr  (Com- 
pany,   Ltd.,    L'llflon,    Ariz. 


intrusion  of  porphyry  has  shattered  and 
displaced  the  limestones,  shales  and 
quartzites  formerly  resting  on  Pre-Cam- 
brian  granite. 

Extensive  and  severe  faulting  occurred 
during  and  subsequent  to  this  intrusion, 
producing  such  underground  and  surface 
conditions  as  were  favorable  to  the  de- 
position and  concentration  from  mineral 
solutions-  Erosion  followed,  laying  bare 
the  limestones  and  shales  in  the  southern 
or  Morenci  portion  of  the  district,  while 
the  greater  erosion  in  the  northern  or 
Metcalf  part  exposed  the  underlying 
quartzites  and  granite. 

Ore  Deposits  Classified 

The  ores  are  found  under  a  variety  of 
conditions  but  these  may  be  broadly 
classed  as  follows: 

( 1  I  Contact  deposits  between  por- 
phyry and  limestone,  quartzite  or  granite. 

(2)  Lode  deposits  in  or  close  to  fault 
fissures  in  porphyry.  In  this  class  the 
faulting  is  sometimes  so  slight  that  the 
orebodies  may  be  considered  as  impregna- 
tion deposits. 

(3)  Lode  deposits  in  fault  fissures  in 
gianite  often  accompanied  by  a  diabase 
intrusion. 

Porphyry  Intrusions 

According  to  Lindgren,  the  intrusive 
stock  of  the  Metcalf  district  is  a  granite 
porphyry,  characterized  by  large  quartz 
crystals,  and  that  of  Morenci  district,  a 
dioritic  and  monzonite  porphyry.  The  oc- 
currence of  this  hard  and  silicious  por- 
phyry at  Metcalf  has  a  most  important 
bearing  on  the  method  of  gaining  the  ore 
as  the  stoping  ground  stands  better  than 
in  the  softer  porphyry  of  Morenci. 

In  some  of  the  ore  deposits,  an  intru- 
sion of  medium  grained  diabase  can  be 
observed.  Its  constituents,  however,  are 
much  altered  to  chlorite  and  sericite  and 
its  identity  so  masked  thereby  that  it  is 
usually  classed  as  an  altered  porphyry. 

The  sulphide  ore  consists  of  chalcocite 
as  a  replacement  of  pyrite  and  of  some 
chalcopyrite;  the  oxide  ore  being  such 
oxidation  products  of  the  sulphide  ore  as 
azuritc,  malachite,  cuprite,  chrysocolla 
and  other  less  important  minerals.  The 
grade  of  the  ore  is  low,  about  3  per  cent., 
but  occasionally,  pockets  of  higher-grade 
ore  are  found. 

The  gangue  usually  consists  of  altered 
porphyry,  the  feldspar  of  which  has  been 
converted  into  sericite;  less  frequently, 
the  gangue  is  crushed  and  altered  granite 
and  diabase.     The  nature  of  the  ore  de- 


posits, in  so  far  as  it  influences  the  min- 
ing method,  will  be  described  in  connec- 
tion with  the  mines  chosen  as  examples. 

Mining  Methods 

In  few  districts  can  so  many  different 
methods  of  mining  be  seen,  each  adapted 
to  the  particular  character  of  the  ore- 
body  to  be  extracted.  As  the  ore  is  low 
in  copper,  the  utmost  economy  must  be 
observed  in  its  extraction  and  a  high 
standard  of  efficiency  has  to  be  secured 
from  the  workmen  who  are  principally 
Mexicans. 

The  minimum  of  timbering  and  fill- 
ing, compatible  with  safety,  is  em- 
ployed and  every  advantage  offered  by 
the  nature  of  the  ground  is  taken  to  se- 
cure this  end.  Fortunately  the  mines  are 
dry,  the  workings  cool  and  well  ventil- 
ated. These  are  important  factors  in  re- 
ducing costs. 

Open  Work  on  Metcalf  Hill 
The  surface  oxidized  ores  are  gained 
by  open-cut  and  milling  methods  and  the 
sulphide  ores  by  various  underground 
methods.  At  the  Metcalf  mine,  which 
was  one  of  the  earliest  locations,  bodies 
of  oxidized  ore  form  a  conspicuous  out- 
crop on  the  hilltop,  and  were  the  source 
of  the  high-grade  ore  first  mined.  The 
hill  is  a  mass  of  granite  porphyry,  capped 
by  the  lower  members  of  the  sedimen- 
tary rock  series.  Development  has  dem- 
onstrated the  existence  of  four  parallel 
vein  systems  or  stockworks  in  the  gran- 
ite porphyry,  along  which  oreshoots  of 
varied  magnitude  are  found.  The  vein 
systems  have  suffered  severe  cross  fault- 
ing, subsequent  to  the  formation  of  the 
primary  ore,  but  prior  to  the  surface  en- 
richment that  has  occurred.  The  sur- 
face presents  a  chaotic  mass  of  blocks 
of  quartzite,  shale  and  garnetized  lime- 
stone lying  on  and  in  other  places  com- 
pletely imbedded  in  the  intruded  por- 
phyry. 

The  oreshoots  are  generally  found  at 
the  junctions  of  the  cross  faulting  with 
the  vein  systems.  Although,  as  before 
mentioned,  some  of  the  oreshoots  out- 
cropped, the  majority  of  them  are  found 
beneath  an  overburden  of  barren  rock  of 
varied  thickness.  The  horizon  on  which 
these  shoots  occur  is  variable  and  their 
discovery  necessitates  extensive  pros- 
pecting from  levels  of  not  more  than  40 
to  50  ft.  apart. 

Removing  Overburden 
The  slope   of  the  hill  allows  all  work 
to   be    done    from    adit    levels,    situated 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


119 


where  possible  in  the  barren  ground 
with  crosscuts  connecting  to  the  work- 
ings. An  oreshoot  having  been  located 
sufficiently  close  to  the  surface  to  war- 
rant working  by  the  open-cut  method, 
the  overburden  of  waste  is  first  reinoved. 
Should  the  rock  be  hard  and  break  in 
large  pieces  it  is.  after  blasting,  loaded 
by  hand  into  mine  cars  and  taken  to 
the  waste  dump.  As  the  tracks  must 
be  kept  close  to  the  working  faces  and 
be  moved  easily,  12-Ib.  rails  are  used. 
With  softer  and  finer  waste,  a  more 
rapid  disposal  is  accomplished  by  "mill 
holing."  A  raise,  6  ft.  square,  is  car- 
ried to  surface  from  the  level  beneath 
and  a  chute  covered  by  a  grizzly  of  logs, 
spaced  6  in.  apart,  is  built  on  one  side 
of  the  raise.  Commencing  on  the  sur- 
face, the  waste  is  mined  and  falls  directly 


with  several  kegs  of  black  powder  de- 
pending on  the  burden  of  the  hole.  To 
facilitate  the  after  separation  of  the  ore 
from  the  waste  rock,  of  which  there  is 
always  a  certain  unavoidable  admixture, 
the  ore  is  broken  as  coarse  as  possible 
by  light  blasting. 

In  loading  the  ore  into  cars  or  chutes, 
a  rough  sorting  out  of  waste  is  made, 
after  which  the  ore  is  trammed  to  sorting 
platforms  where  a  more  thorough  re- 
moval of  the  waste  is  accomplished. 
\X'ith  soft  ore,  milling  is  used;  the  raises 
and  chutes  used  in  stripping  the  over- 
burden being  later  employed  in  handling 
the  ore. 

The  loading  of  waste  and  ore  is  done 
by  contract  per  carload  of  25  cu.ft.  An 
average  workman  will  load,  tram  50 
yd.  and  dump  about  13  cu.yd.  of  broken 


burden  of  waste,  underground  mining  is 
employed.  The  ground  in  most  cases 
stands  well  without  timbering;  stopes  up 
to  75  ft.  in  width  having  been  worked 
without  difficulty.  In  ore  of  moderate 
hardness,  the  mode  of  working  is  as 
follows: 

On  the  lowest  level  on  which  the  ore 
is  exposed,  the  oreshoot  is  opened  to  its 
full  width  and  length.  When  the  shape 
of  the  orebody  has  been  determined, 
raises  are  made  from  the  roof  of  the 
stope  to  the  surface,  the  number  depend- 
ing on  the  dimensions  of  the  stope.  The 
ore  is  then  mined  to  a  hight  of  20  ft. 
above  the  level  and  a  timbered  roadway 
with  the  necessary  chutes  and  ladder- 
ways  erected.  The  overburden  of  waste 
is  now  milled  down  the  raises  and  leveled 
off,  filling  the  stope  and  forming  a  com- 


'r    -v 


MtlQALl-   JM|.\L   AMj  Ukl.    L;,.,.-. 

into  the  chute;  the  workman  standing  at 
the  grizzly  beneath  breaks  with  a  sledge 
all  pieces  too  large  to  pass  through. 
The  efficiency  of  this  arrangement  is  al- 
most tha-e  times  tliat  of  loading  by  hand. 
The  ore  is  stripped  as  completely  as 
possible  from  the  overlying  waste;  drill 
holes  are  put  down  only  as  far  as  the 
top  of  the  ore.  An  admixture  of  ore  and 
waste  is  at  all  times  avoided,  necessitat- 
ing a  process  of  selective  mining  to 
break  the  ore  and  waste  separately. 

Mining  the  Ore 

After  the  waste  has  been  removed,  the 
breaking  of  the  ore  is  commenced  on 
working  faces  15  to  20  ft.  in  hight  and 
as  wide  as  the  ore  will  permit.  On  these 
faces,  holes  are  drilled,  chambered  with 
30  per  cent,   giant   powder  and   blasted 


■  ■(' 


Oi'EN  Cut  ai   iiil  Mlicali  Mine 

rock  in  a  shift  of  nine  hours.  Tally  men, 
stationed  on  elevated  positions  so  as  to 
command  a  view  of  the  working  and 
dumping  places,  count  the  cars,  which 
are  conspicuously  numbered  and  credit 
them  to  the  respective  workmen.  Cer- 
tain parts  of  the  mine  do  not  permit  of 
this  system,  but  so  far  as  it  is  possible 
the  work  is  arranged  on  this  basis. 

With  the  grade  of  ore  mined,  the 
economic  limit  to  the  opencut  method  is 
four  tons  of  overburden  removed  to  de- 
velop one  ton  of  oie.  Weather  condi- 
tions in  Arizona  are  favorable  to  open 
work  on  account  of  the  dry  climate  and 
mild  winters. 

Storing  without  Timbers 

Where  an  oreshoot  has  been  proved  in 
depth  and  is  covered  by  a  heavy  over- 


King  Mine,  Metcali-.  Ariz. 

pact  working  floor,  15  ft.  above  the  level. 

The  ore  is  afterward  broken  by  over- 
hand stoping  in  ascending  slices  15  to  25 
ft.  high;  depending  on  the  condition  of 
the  roof.  As  each  slice  is  removed,  the 
overburden  is  milled  down  for  filling  ma- 
terial and  to  provide  the  next  working 
floor.  When  all  the  overburden  has  been 
utilized  in  this  manner,  the  back  of  ore 
remaining  is  gained  by  opencut  or  milling 
method.  The  cost  of  breaking  the  ore  in 
stoping  is  necessarily  higher  than  in 
opencut  work,  but  the  more  economical 
removal  of  overburden  compensates  for 
this  increase. 

When  the  ore  is  hard  and  stands  excep- 
tionally well  the  method  of  extraction  is 
shown  in  Fig.  I.  A  raise  is  made  to  the 
top  of  the  ore  and  extended  to  the  sur- 
face or  to  an  upper  working  for  air.    At 


120 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  191G. 


a  hight  of  50  ft.  above  the  level,  mining 
is  started  from  the  raise  outward,  the 
floor  being  always  left  sloping  so  that  the 
ore  will  run  directly  into  the  chute. 
When  the  extremities  of  the  ore  have 
been  reached  or  the  roof  is  as  wide  as 
will  stand  with  safety,  the  bench  forming 
the  floor  of  the  stope  is  now  mined.  Deep 
holes,  charged  with  black  powder,  are 
used  and  the  ore  is  broken  as  freely  as 
in  opencut  work.  The  slower  action  of 
the  black  powder  does  not  jar  and  weaken 
the  roof  of  the  stope  to  the  same  degree 
as  the  rapid  action  of  dynamite. 

When  the  first  bench,  50  ft.  in  hight, 
has  been  worked  out,  the  chute  and  lad- 
derway  are  timbered  to  within  5  ft.  of  the 
roof  and  the  stope  is  filled  with  waste 
from  the  surface;  the  filling  material  is 
leveled  and  the  next  block  of  ore  above 
is  attacked  in  a  similar  manner. 

Stoping  with  Square  Sets 

In  some  parts  of  the  mine,  the  ore  is 
toe  soft  and  friable  to  permit  of  any  sys- 


time  be  lost  by  excessive  weight,  causing 
the  timbers  to  settle,  or  by  the  loosening 
of  the  side  blocking,  another  floor  of  spe- 
cial posts  is  put  in  to  restore  it. 

The  sets  employed  consist  of  a  round 
post  6  ft.  8  in.  long,  an  8-in.  square  cap 
5  ft.  8  in.  long,  and  a  6x8-in.  tie  of-the 
same  length.  Each  set  of  timber  allows 
the  removal  of  230  cu.ft.  of  ore,  which 
is  equivalent  to  8  ft.,  board  measure,  of 
h:mber  for  every  ton  extracted. 

Sulphide  Ores 

The  sulphide  orebodies  are  deeper  than 
;he  oxide  orebodies  and  are  gained  en- 
tirely by  underground  methods.  The 
depth  at  which  unoxidized  sulphides  are 
found  is  between  200  and  300  ft.  Local 
conditions  produce  exceptions  to  this  rule. 
Soft  vein  matter,  or  soft  country  rock  or 
the  proximity  to  badly  fissured  ground 
lowers  the  depth  at  which  sulphides  may 
be  found  and  the  reverse  conditions  may 
c^uEC  a  comparatively  shallow  sulphide 
zone.     In  a  strong  fault  fissure,  oxidized 


Fig.  1.   Vertical  |  Section 
D 


Fig.  2.   Cross  Section 
of  Stope  at  A-B. 


in  working  the  oxidized  ores.  Where  the 
vein  is  too  wide  to  mine  as  one  stope  with 
safety,  it  is  mined  in  sections  of  about 
50  ft.  in  width.  Waste  filling  is  used  and 
is  kept  as  close  to  the  working  floor  as 
possible. 

The  breaking  of  the  ore  is  frequently 
done  by  contract  at  a  price  varying  from 
S3  to  S5  per  set  of  230  cu.ft.;  sill  floor 
sets,  where  the  ore  is  not  undercut,  are 
worth  from  two  to  three  times  the  price 
of  the  upper  sets. 

Top   Slicing    System 

Top-slicing  methods  are  frequently 
used  in  large,  soft  oreshoots.  The  top 
of  the  shoot  is  mined  with  square  sets,  a 
mat  of  timber  laid  and  the  roof  of  waste 
allowed  to  cave  by  blasting  out  the  sup- 
porting sets.  Slices  of  II  ft.  in  hight 
are  then  removed  from  beneath  the  mat 
and  as  each  slice  is  mined,  the  posts 
are  blasted  down,  allowing  the  mat  to 
settle  to  the  floor.  The  lower  surface  of 
the  mat   is  being  constantly   renewed  by 


Fig.  3 


Cross  Section 
of  Stope  at  C-D. 


/////////'////////////////////////////,.- 


Temporary  Pillar  to  be  re- 

Pillar  at  Fig.  4     moved  by  Top  Slicine; 

Section  E-F.  t^--..—   ^    t. 


Section  G- H. 


AIethod  of  Stoping  at  the  Coronado  Mine,  Metcalf,  Ariz. 


tern  of  stoping  without  the  use  of  tim- 
bers. Ordinary  square-set  timbering  is 
employed  in  such  cases  to  support  the 
roof  and  walls.  The  slopes  are  kept  full 
of  waste  to  within  one  set  of  the  back  of 
ore;  timbered  chutes  and  ladderways 
alone  being  left  open.  The  waste  is  ob- 
tained from  the  surface  workings  and  is 
distributed  from  a  small  chute  placed  in 
one  corner  of  the  stope.  This  position  of 
the  chute  is  advisable  as  by  commencing 
the  mining  of  each  floor  from  this  point, 
the  filling  can  be  kept  close  to  the  work- 
ing breast  without  interfering  with  the 
sbovelers. 

Every  floor  is  worked  as  rapidly  as  the 
working  faces  allow,  to  avoid  excessive 
weight  settling  on  the  timbers.  The  tim- 
bering is  arched  to  compensate  for  the 
sinking  of  the  sets  in  the  center  of  the 
stope  due  to  the  greater  weight  of  roof. 
This  is  accomplished  by  introducing  one 
floor  of  sets,  the  posts  of  which  step  up- 
ward 2  in.  to  the  center  of  the  stope,  and 
descending  in  like  manner  to  the  oppo- 
site wall.    Should  this  arch  effect  at  any 


ores  and  leached  vein  matter  have  been 
exposed  to  a  depth  of  over  800  ft.  and 
in  a  hard  impervious  porphyry,  the  sul- 
phides have  outcropped. 

In  considering  the  mining  methods,  the 
orebodies  may  be  classed  as  (1),  irregu- 
lar-shaped impregnations  along  or  close 
to  minor  fault  planes,  the  ore  being  soft 
and  friable,  and  the  country  rock  differ- 
ing only  in  the  absence  of  copper;  (21, 
f;;irly  regular  orebodies  occurring  in  the 
brccciated  material  of  faults  of  consider- 
able magnitude,  in  a  hard  granite  or  gran- 
ite porphyry. 

Mining  Soft  Sulphide  Ores  by  Square- 
Set  Method 

In  the  case  of  the  irregular  soft  ore- 
bodies  first  mentioned,  the  use  of  square- 
set  timbering  is  almost  imperative.  The 
line  of  demarcation  between  pay  ore  and 
waste  may  fluctuate  in  and  out  of  the 
country  rock  to  such  an  extent  that,  even 
if  the  ground  permitted,  mining  without 
timbers  could  not  be  conducted.  The 
same  timbering  methods  are  employed  as 


the  addition  of  the  2-in.  plank  with  which 
each  slice  is  floored  before  the  posts  are 
blasted. 

This  method  has  many  advantages  in 
heavy  ground.  The  pressure  of  the  mat, 
though  heavy,  is  fairly  uniform;  there 
is  no  filling  material  to  be  handled,  and 
when  the  mat  has  acquired  considerable 
thickness,  the  amount  of  timber  used  is 
less  than  with  square  sets. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  sulphide  ore 
in  the  Metcalf  district  belongs  to  the 
stcond  division  mentioned,  namely,  de- 
posits in  granite  or  granite  porphyry.  The 
ore  is  consequently  harder  and  less  tim- 
ber is  required  in  mining  it  than  in 
the  softer  ores  of  the  Morenci  district. 
Two  mines  are  taken  as  examples  of  the 
mefhods  employed  in  hard  ore;  tJie 
King  mine   and  the   Coronado  mine. 

The   King    Mine 

There  are  two  lenticular  oreshoots  in 
the  King  mine,  700  and  500  ft.  long,  re- 
spectively, filling  a  fault  fissure  in  a 
mountain  of  granite  porphyry.  The  fault- 


July  16,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


121 


ing  has  been  severe,  but  in  the  absence 
of  any  sedimentary  rocks,  the  amount  of 
displacement  c;'nnot  be  determined.  The 
ore  is  chalcocite  and  chalcopyrite 
in  a  gangue  of  brecciated  granite 
porphyry  and  varies  in  width  up 
to  30  ft.  The  vein  dips  at  an 
angle  of  70  deg.  and  the  walls  are  strong 
and  well  defined.  The  steep  slope  of  the 
mountain  permits  of  the  vein  being 
worked  from  adit  levels,  the  lowest  of 
which  gives  a  vertical  depth  of  (500  ft. 
below  the   outcrop. 

Haulage  Roads 

Main  haulage  roads  are  driven  in  the 
foot-  and  hanging-walls,  parallel  with  the 
vein,  but  at  a  distance  of  from  15  to 
20  ft.  from  it.  From  these  roads,  cross- 
cuts are  made  at  intervals  of  25  ft.,  those 
in  the  hanging-wall  being  staggered  or 
spaced  midway  between  those  in  the 
foot-wafl. 


Ore<^//':r'' 


,v 


soft  to  be  mined  safely  by  overr.and 
stoping  and  the  mode  of  attack  is 
changed.  From  the  two  raises  between 
which  the  ore  is  softer  than  usual,  a 
drift  is  made  20  to  30  ft.  above  the  back 
of  the  stope  and  connecting  the  raises. 
Midway  in  this  drift,  down  holes  are 
drilled  in  the  floor  and  sides.  As  these 
holes  are  blasted  and  break  down  the 
shell  of  ore  between  the  floor  of  the 
drift  and  the  stope,  mining  is  continued 
back  to  the  raise  until  the  whole  of  tho 
shell  has  thus  been  broken  by  under- 
hand stoping.  In  using  this  method,  the 
roof  of  the  drift  which  connects  the 
raises  must  be  sufficiently  high  to  al- 
low the  handling  of  the  long  jumper 
drills  needed  in  breaking  down  the  floor. 
When  approaching  an  upper  level,  the 
ore  is  always  broken  by  underhand  stop- 
ing. 

When     the     top     of     the     orebody     is 
reached  in  stoping,  the  remainder  of  the 


great  Coronado  fault  is  at  the  base  of 
tl-.ese  granite  blufts.  It  strikes  east  and 
west  and  shows  on  surface  strong  evi- 
dence of  extensive  earth  movement.  The 
fault  can  be  traced  for  a  length  of  two 
miles,  disappearing  to  the  west  beneath 
the  lava  flow  and  losing  its  identity  to 
the  east  in  a  series  of  lesser  faults.  The 
movement  has  been  downward  and  west- 
erly at  its  eastern  extremity,  resulting  in 
a  vertical  displacement  of  1200  ft.  be- 
tween the  basal  quartzite  on  the  south 
of  the  fault  and  of  that  resting  upon  the 
granite  on  the  north.  The  fault  is  com- 
plicated by  numerous  cross  faults  at  its 
western  end,  but,  as  indicated  by  the 
limestone  resting  against  the  granite 
wall,  the  displacement  is  more  than  that 
above  mentioned. 

The  vein,  which  tills  the  fault  fissure, 
is  strikingly  marked  on  the  surface  by 
numerous  croppings  of  oxidized  ore  and 
stacks    of    iron-stained    quartzite.     Fol- 


'//////////////////////////"■■////, 


^"'.V/.Ore 


Section. 

Tht  Engiictring  f  Mining  Journal 


Fig.  5.    Underhand  Storing  in  Hard 
Ore.  Metcalf  Mine 


Fig.  7.    Plan  and  Section  of  Stope  at  the  King  Mine 


The  ore  is  then  broken  from  wall  to 
wall  for  the  whole  length  of  the  ore- 
shoot.  The  broken  ore  is  at  first  shov- 
eled out,  but  as  stoping  progresses,  it  is 
allowed  to  i.ccumulate;  sufficient  being 
removed  to  allow  a  working  space  of 
6  ft.  between  the  broken  ore  and  the 
roof.  Two-thirds  of  the  broken  ore  is 
left  till  the  stope  is  worked  out,  the  ore 
serving  as  a  working  floor  for  the  miners 
and  also  prevents  caving  of  the  walls. 

Overhand  Stoping 

Access  to  the  stope  is  obtained  from 
raises  made  in  the  roof  at  intervals  of 
100  ft.  and  connected  to  an  upper  level. 
From  these  raises,  the  roof  is  broken  in 
horizontal  slices  of  from  10  to  15  ft.  in 
thickness.  As  the  miners  work  outward 
from  the  raises,  the  sag  or  belly  of  ore 
between  generally  breaks  off,  leaving  the 
roof  sufficiently  arched  to  allow  the  block 
to  be  broken  from  on  top.  Large  horses 
of  hard,  barren  ground  frequently  oc- 
cur in  the  vein  and  these  are  left  in  as 
pillars,  to  support   the   walls. 

Occasionally,  p^rts  of  the  vein  are  too 


broken  ore  is  drawn  off  through  the 
crosscuts.  A  certain  admixture  of  wall 
rock  and  ore  is  unavoidable  when  the 
last  portion  of  the  ore  is  drawn,  but  this 
is  easily  removed  on  the  sorting  plat- 
form over  which  the  ore  is  passed.  The 
switches  at  each  crosscut  on  the  road- 
w-ay  allow  the  shovelers  to  load  their 
cars  without  interfering  with  the  haul- 
age. The  ore  is  sledged  and  loaded  by 
contract,  and  when  a  car  is  full,  it  is 
pushed  into  a  side  track,  where  the  mule 
train  is  made  up.  A  few  miners  are  re- 
quired to  "blockhole"  the  larger  pieces 
of  ore  as  they  appear  at  the  shoveling 
openings.  The  advantages  of  this  meth- 
od are  obvious;  one  worthy  of  special 
notice  is  the  security  in  which  the  shov- 
eler  does  his   work. 

The  Coronado  Mine 

The  Coronado  mine,  one  of  the  most 
important  holdings  of  the  Arizona  Cop- 
per CoiTipany,  lies  on  the  southern  slope 
of  the  Coronado  mountain,  a  granite 
massif,  whose  precipitous  sides  form  a 
conspicuous  landmark  in  the  district.  The 


lowing  the  \ein  on  the  south  side  is  an 
intrusion  of  fine-grained  green  diabase, 
varying  in  width  up  to  70  ft.  and  carry- 
ing  some   barren    pyrite. 

Coronado  Oreshoots 

There  are  three  known  oreshoots  on 
the  vein  at  intervals  of  1000  and  2000 
ft.  respectively.  The  two  most  westerly 
shoots,  though  exposing  large  bodies  of 
ore  in  their  shallow  workings,  have  not 
reached  the  developed  state  of  the  east- 
erly or  Coronado  oreshoot  and  will  not 
be  considered   in  this  article. 

The  Coronado  oreshoot  is  approxi- 
mately 2000  ft.  long  and  will  average  35 
ft.  in  width.  It  has  been  opened  by  a 
three-compartment  shaft  to  a  depth  of 
700  ft.,  but  as  the  hill  apexes  about  the 
center  of  the  shoot,  a  vertical  depth  of 
1000  ft.  from  the  surface  is  reached  at 
that  point.  The  vein  is  practically  verti- 
cal. The  north  or  foot-wall  is  of  slight- 
ly altered  granite  and  the  south  or  hang- 
ing-wall is  of  quartzite  to  a  depth  of 
150  ft.,  below  which  the  vein  enters  the 
granite  fissure.  The  zone  of  sulphide  ore 


122 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


is  reached  at  a  depth  of  250  to  300  ft.; 
above  this  level,  small  bodies  of  oxi- 
dized ore  have  been  found. 

Nature  of  the   Ore 

The  ore  of  the  sulphide  zone  is  chal- 
cocite,  in  some  places  entirely  replacing 
and  in  others  forming  a  coating  on  py- 
rite  and  chalcopyrite.  The  gangue  con- 
sists of  crushed  and  altered  granite  and 
diabase;  in  this  respect  the  vein  dif- 
fers from  most  of  the  others  of  the  dis- 
trict. Horses  of  granite  are  occasional- 
ly found  in  the  vein,  the  outer  shells  of 
which  will  be  typical  ore,  gradually 
merging  to  an  interior  of  slightly  al- 
tered granite,  showing  no  line  of  de- 
marcation. The  diabase  in  the  ore  is 
much  altered  and  sericitized  and  only  in 


in  horizontal  slices  15  ft.  high.  When 
one  slice  is  completed,  the  stope  is 
cleaned  of  ore  and  waste  filling  is  run 
in,  as  in  mining  the  oxidized  ore  at  Met- 
calf.  To  allow  of  the  stope  being 
worked  continuously,  two  waste  raises 
are  employed;  this  allows  one  part  of 
the  stope  to  be  filled  while  the  other  is 
being  worked.  With  the  exception  of 
the  roadway,  chutes  and  ladderways,  no 
timbering   is   employed. 

The  expense  of  breaking  and  leveling 
waste  for  each  slice  and  the  exposing  of 
unskilled  laborers  under  a  high  roof  con- 
stitute the  vital  objections  to  this  sys- 
tem. These  defects  were  overcome  by  the 
system  devised  by  me  in  which  the  shov- 
elers  work  outside  the  stope,  the  miner 
is  kept  so  close  to  the  back  of  ore  as  to 


all  connected  on  the  level  of  the  griz- 
zlies by  small  drifts,  from  which  a  lad- 
derway  extends  to  the  level. 

In  the  second  system  shown  in  Fig.  4 
the  sill  floor  of  the  stope  is  started  15 
ft.  above  the  tramming  level.  This  level 
is  in  the  center  of  the  vein  and  is  tim- 
bered two  sets  high  for  the  whole  length 
of  the  stope,  leaving  a  shell  of  ore  be- 
tween the  top  of  the  timber  and  the  floor 
of  the  stope  above.  On  each  alternate 
side  of  the  upper  sets,  inclined  funnel- 
shaped  raises  communicate  with  the 
stope,  the  floor  of  which,  viewed  from 
inside  the  stope,  consists  of  two  rows 
of  hoppers.  The  broken  ore  passing 
through  these  openings  falls  upon  the 
6x8-in.  lagging  with  which  the  floor  of 
the   upper  sets  is   lagged.     By   opening 


The  Cokunauo  Mine  of  the  Arizona  Copper  Company,  Metcalf,  Ariz. 


a    few   places   can   its   identity   be   estab- 
lished. 

Mining  Methods 

The  orebody  is  contained  between 
•walls  of  granite,  the  foot-wail  is  exceed- 
ingly hard  and  the  hanging  wall  is  hard, 
though  liable  to  slab  off  in  large  pieces. 
The  greater  part  of  the  ore  is  of  med- 
ium hardness  and  not  being  frozen  to 
either  wall,  parts  readily  from  them.  A 
back  of  ore  will  generally  stand  well 
without  support  if  properly  arched;  it 
is  advisable,  however,  to  work  it  out 
rapidly  to  prevent  "air  slaking."  No 
sudden  change  in  the  width  of  the  ore- 
body  has  been  found,  and  no  sulphides 
occur  in  the  walls  as  is  often  the  case  in 
the  porphyry  deposits. 

Open  sloping  is  employed  in  hard  ore, 
when  sufficiently  close  to  surface  to  al- 
low of  waste  filling  being  easily  ob- 
tained. A  stope  50  to  75  ft.  in  length  is 
opened   on  the  vein   and   the   ore   broken 


allow     constant     scrutiny.       The     hand- 
ling of  waste  is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

Pillar  and  Shrinkage  System 

In  preparing  a  level  for  stoping  by 
this  system,  two  methods  have  been  em- 
ployed. In  the  first  system  shown  in 
Fig.  3,  all  of  the  ore  between  the  walls 
is  removed  for  a  length  of  75  ft. 
and  to  a  hight  of  20  ft.  This  space  after 
being  floored  with  2-in.  plank  is  filled 
with  waste  from  the  old  stopes  above  to 
within  5  ft.  of  the  back.  New  roadways 
are  now  driven  in  the  foot-  and  hangins- 
walls,  paralleling  the  vein  at  a  distance 
of  15  feet. 

Chute  raises  are  carried  up  at  inter- 
vals of  25  ft.  along  these  roadways  and 
connected  to  the  stope  by  crosscuts.  The 
broken  ore  from  the  stope  runs  through 
the  crosscut;  the  grizzly  allows  the  finer 
material  to  pass  into  the  chute  and  the 
larger  pieces  are  broken  by  a  laborer 
stationed  on  the  grizzly.     The  chutes  are 


the  center  lagging,  the  ore  is  raked  into 
the  cars  placed   beneath. 

The  cost  of  the  preparatory  work  is 
less  in  this  system  than  in  Fig.  3;  the 
loading  of  the  cars  being  direct  is  cheap- 
er, but  the  rapid  cleaning  out  of  the 
stope,  which  is  an  important  matter,  is 
subject  to  more  delays. 

Pillars 

Two  classes  of  pillars  are  employed  to 
support  the  roof  and  walls,  small  tem- 
porary stoping  pillars  and  larger  pillars 
to  be  removed  later  by  top  slicing.  A 
section  along  the  vein  in  Fig.  2  shows  a 
pillar  of  ore  .30  ft.  long,  a  stope  of  75  ft., 
a  temporary  pillar  of  10  ft.  in  length,  an- 
other stope  of  75  ft.  and  again  a  pillar 
30  ft.  in  length.  The  30-ft.  pillar  is  pro- 
vided with  a  chute  and  ladderway,  from 
which  drifts  at  intervals  of  15  ft.  give  en- 
trance and  ventilation  to  the  stopes.  The 
sinaller  pillar  is  10  ft.  long  by  the  width 
of    the    vein    and    contains    a    ladderwav 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


123 


with     small     drifts     as     in     the     larger 
pillar. 

Overhand  Stoping 

The  ore  is  broken  by  overhand  stoping. 
Waugh  drills  being  used.  The  stope  is 
kept  full  of  broken  ore,  sufficient  only 
being  drawn  to  leave  a  working  space  be- 
tween the  floor  of  broken  ore  and  the 
back  of  the  stope.  Work  is  confined  al- 
most entirely  to  the  ends  of  the  stope 
adjacent  to  the  pillars  with  the  purpose 
of  leaving  a  sag  or  belly  of  ore  hanging 
between.  This  eventually  breaks  down 
by  its  own  weight  and  is  "block  holed" 
from  on  top.  In  an  eight-hour  shift,  of 
which  two  hours  are  consumed  in  blast- 
ing and  picking  down,  each  machine  will 
drill  from  90  to  110  ft.  of  holes. 

Should  the  back  of  ore  turn  soft  and 
render  it  inadvisable  to  work  beneath,  the 
ore  can  be  broken  down  underhand  by 
connecting  drifts  from  the  raises  and 
breaking  the  floor  as  described  in  connec- 
tion with  the   King  mine. 

The  levels  are  200  ft.  apart  and  when 
a  stope  is  within  \S  ft.  of  an  upper  level, 
the  breaking  of  ore  ceases.  Two  raises 
are  then  made  from  the  roof  of  the  stope 
beneath  the  waste  filling  of  the  level 
above.  The  small  temporary  pillar  is 
broken  by  first  undercutting  and  then 
blasting  from  inside  the  ladderway.  The 
roof  of  the  stope  is  now  carefully  dressed 
and  the  stope  emptied  of  its  broken  ore 
as  rapidly  as  possible. 

Filling  and  E.xtracting  Pillars 

The  waste  filling  from  the  level  above 
is  now  allowed  to  run  into  the  empty 
stope  and,  when  full,  a  working  floor  is 
leveled  off.  To  extract  the  shell  of  ore 
left,  square-set  timbering  is  employed.  As 
the  ore  is  removed  by  retreating  to  th.- 
chutes  in  the  pillars,  the  sets  are  caved 
and  the  waste  allowed  to  follow. 

To  extract  the  pillar  left  between  the 
stopes,  work  is  commenced  beneath  the 
upper  level.  Square  sets  are  employed 
and  a  mat  laid,  upon  which  the  waste  is 
caved.  The  ore  is  then  removed  from  be- 
neath the  mat  by  descending  slices  1 1  ft. 
thick,  using  posts  to  support  the  over- 
hanging mat. 

When  the  broken  ore  is  drawn  from  the 
stope  by  chutes  in  the  walls,  there  must 
necessarily  be  a  "hog  back"  of  broken 
ore  left  along  the  center  of  the  stope. 
This  is  removeJ  by  spiling  a  timbered 
roadway  through  it  and  withdrawing  the 
broken  ore.  As  soon  as  the  waste  ap- 
pears, another  set  of  spiling  is  blasted 
out,  retreating  in  this  manner  to  each  end 
of  the  stope. 

Where  the  sill  floor  is  above  the  road- 
way as  in  Figs.  2  and  4,  the  stope  which 
next  ascends  from  below  is  carried  up  to 
this  level  and  the  shell  of  ore  removed 
as  before  described.  The  system  has 
been  satisfactory  and  has  resulted  in  a 
substantial  reduction  in  the  cost  of  min- 
ing. 


Hoover    Flotation    Apparatus 


Theodore  J.  Hoover  has  received 
letters  patent  (Brit.  Pat.  4911  of  1909, 
and  U.  S.  Pat.  953,746,  Apr.  5,  1910) 
for  an  apparatus  for  concentrating  ores 
by   gaseous   flotation. 

The  apparatus  consists  of  an  agitation 
vessel  A  containing  water  and  suitably 
subdivided  by  partitions  not  extending  to 
the  bottom,  but  so  arranged  as  to  allow 
free  circulation  of  ore  and  liquid. 
Finely  crushed  ore  is  introduced  through 
an  ore-feeding  device  B.  A  small  pro- 
portion of  sulphuric  acid  and  of  one  or 
more  other  substances,  which  enable 
metallic  sulphides  to  be  floated  by  air 
under  the  conditions  provided,  are  added. 
Stirrers  C  rotating  at  high  speed  beat 
air  into  the  liquid  and  the  circulation 
of  the  liquid  carries  the  metallic  sul- 
phides out  of  the  vessel  through  the 
openings  below  the  partitions.     A  baffle 


Hoover's  Flotation  Apparatus 

D  directs  the  stream  of  ore  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  liquid  in  the  spitzkasten  E, 
whence  it  is  carried  off  in  the  overflow. 
The  gangue  passing  over  the  lip  of  the 
baffle  is  removed  through  a  pipe  in 
the   bottom  of  the  spitzkasten. 

The  salient  advantages  claimed  for 
this  apparatus  are  the  close  connection 
between  the  spitzkasten  and  agitation 
vessel  and  the  use  of  the  baffle.  A 
minimum  loss  of  air  bubbles  results  and 
the  use  of  the  baffle,  which  is  adjustable, 
directs  the  stream  of  mineral  particles 
and  air  bubbles  toward  the  surface  oS 
the  liquid  in  the  spitzkasten,  whereby  a 
particularly  effective  flotation  froth  is 
obtained. 


American  Society  for  Testing 
Materials 


At  the  annual  meeting  at  Atlantic  City, 
June  29,  reports  on  various  committees 
on  standard  specifications  were  sub- 
mitted. The  committee  on  cast  iron  and 
finished  castings  reviewed  the  action  tak- 
en at  the  Copenhagen  congress  of  the 
International  society,  and  the  progress 
since  the  conference  was  briefly  outlined. 
To  ascertain  the  proper  length  of  the  ar- 
bitration test  bar,  tests  were  made  by  C. 


D.  Mathews,  who  found  that  a  bar  16 
or  18  in.  long  would  give  equally  satis- 
factory results.  The  adoption  oT  uniform 
specifications  for  cast  iron  by  England, 
Germany  and  the  United  is  progressing 
favorably,  and  from  present  indication, 
the  same  standards  will  be  in  use  in 
these   countries   before    1912. 

.\  proposed  change  in  the  organization 
of  the  committee  on  standard  specifica- 
tion provoked  considerable  discussion.  It 
has  been  the  custom  to  select  the  chair- 
men of  the  committees  from  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  consuming  interests  or 
unattached  experts.  It  is  now  proposed 
to  make  representatives  of  manufactur- 
ing interests  eligible  to  the  office  of  per- 
manent chairman  by  a  three-fourths' 
vote  of  those  present.  This  change  was 
voted  down.  Officers  were  elected  as 
follows:  President,  Henry  M.  Howe; 
vice-president,  R.  W.  Lesley;  secretary- 
treasurer,  Edgar  R.  Marburg;  member  of 
the  executive  committee,  James  Christie. 


Remarkable  Performance  of  an 
Induction  Motor 


The  behavior  of  apparatus  under  ex- 
ceptional circumstances  reveals  the  weak 
or  strong  points  in  its  design  and  deter- 
mines whether  it  is  suitable  to  perform 
the  service  for  which  it  has  been  in- 
stalled. Due  to  the  fact  that  reliable 
manufacturers  design  their  apparatus 
with  a  large  factor  of  safety,  remarkable 
records  are  sometimes  made.  A  20-h.p., 
3-phase,  220-volt  standard  induction  mo- 
tor, made  by  the  General  Electric  Com- 
pany, recently  demonstrated  its  ability  to 
operate  successfully  under  the  trying 
conditions  met  with  in  mines  w-here  the 
air  is  unusually  damp.  The  motor  was 
only  partly  inclosed;  this  is  important, 
for  thorough  ventilation  of  the  motor  is 
absolutely  necessary  in  mines  where  high 
temperatures  prevail.  The  motor  in 
question  is  geared  to  a  mine  pump  lo- 
cated at  the  bottom  of  a  shaft  on  the 
mines  of  the  Richmond  Iron  Works, 
Richmond  Furnace,  Mass. 

Surface  water  broke  into  one  of  the 
upper  levels  at  this  property  and  flooded 
the  mine.  The  water  rose  so  rapidly  that 
the  electric  pump  and  motor  were  soon 
two  feet  below  the  level  of  the  water. 
Under  such  circumstances  it  was  impera- 
tive that  the  pump  should  continue  in 
operation. 

At  the  end  of  two  hours,  during 
the  whole  of  which  time  the  motor 
was  submerged,  it  had  pumped  itself 
clear  and  was  then  stopped  long  enough 
to  clean  the  dirt  and  chips  from  around 
the  rotor  and  to  put  oil  in  the  bearings. 
It  was  restarted  immediately.  The  pump 
has  been  running  about  20  hours  per  day 
ever  since,  and  the  motor  apparently  suf- 
fered no  injury  frotn  its  unusual  experi- 
ence. 


124 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


The  Surface  Condenser  in  Mine  Power  Plants 

Results   of   Condensation   with   Intermittent   Fnme  Movers;  Fuel    Saving 
15   Per  Cent.       Boiler   Scale   Reduced;   Calculation  of  Cooling  Water 


B    Y 


W. 


A. 


MACLEOD 


Much  has  been  v.r.ttcii  on  the  design 
of  surface  and  other  condensers  and  their 
application  to  engines  where  the  load  is 
uniform,  or  subject  to  comparativel\' 
slow  fluctuations.  Literature,  generally, 
is  silent  on  the  intermittent  mover,  ex- 
emplified in  the  winding  engine.  Vague 
statements  have  been  made  by  engineers 
that  condensation  as  applied  to  the  wind- 
ing engine  cannot  be  recommended.  I 
therefore  submit  the  following  remarks 
and  data  based  on  over  five  years'  ex- 
perience with  one  phase  of  "intermit- 
tent" condensation. 

Another  phase  of  this  subject  is  ex- 
emplified in  rolling-mill  practice,  in 
which  the  fluctuations  in  power  are  great- 
er, but  more  gradual  than  in  the   former. 

E.XPERIMENTAL   CONDENSER 

About  seven  years  ago,  at  the  Brilliant 
Extended  Gold  Mining  Company's  No.  2 
shaft,  where,  in  addition  to  the  compres- 
sion of  air,  800  tons  of  ore  were  hoisted 
in  24  hours  from  a  vertical  depth  of 
2200  ft.,  a  small  surface  condenser  was 
coupled  to  the  winding  engine  and  com- 
pressor. The  vacuums  obtained  ranged 
from  15  to  5  in.  and  though  decidedly 
poor,  the  resultant  saving  in  fuel  and 
water  was  so  noticeable  that  the  installa- 
tion of  a  larger  condenser  of  better  de- 
sign was  decided  on.  The  latter  plant 
was  erected  and  has  been  running  nearly 
four  years.  Accurate  records  have  been 
kept  and  the  data  therefrom  as  given  be- 
low, demonstrate  what  may  be  expected 
from  a  well  designed  condenser  applied 
to  both  constant  and  intermittent  engines. 

The  principles  governing  intermittent 
condensation  are  the  same  as  those  of 
the  more  simple  problem  of  constant  con- 
densation, and  are  readily  adapted  to  the 
different  conditions.  Unfortunately,  how- 
ever, the  engineer  who  expects  to  find  re- 
liable data,  even  in  the  simpler  case,  is 
generally  confronted  by  a  number  of 
pocket-book  empirical  rules,  a  compari- 
son of  which,  more  especially  under  a 
wide  range  of  climatic  and  other  condi- 
tions, leads  him  nowhere  in  particular. 
The  literature  available  to  the  mining  en- 
gineer is  wanting  to  such  an  extent  that 
the  following  short  discussion  of  the 
data  and  principles  of  design  needs  no 
apology.  The  formulas  selected,  from  a 
theoretical  point  of  view,  approximately 
equate  the  data  and  at  th"  same  time 
conform  to  good  prtctioe  under  varying 
conrfitions.     In  contradistinction  many  of 

•(Ji'nnrMl  iniin!i(.'f'i-.  lliilllani  Kxtciiilrrl  Culil 
Mining  (Vmiimny,  Ch.nrtPrs  Towefs.  N.  <,>.. 
Aiistrnlln. 


the  empirical  rules  neglect  important  data 
and  conform  with  good  practice  only  in 
temperate   climates. 

D.ATA  AND  Principles  of  Design 

The  data  of  problems  in  condenser  de- 
sign are  outlined  in  the  following  tabu- 
lation: 

Steam — (1)  Its  quantity;  (2)  release 
temperature;  and  (3)  the  vacuum  and 
hot    well    temperatures. 

Cooling  Water — (1)  Its  initial  tem- 
perature; (2)  final  temperature;  and  (3) 
quantity. 

Cooling  Surface— {  I)  Its  material; 
(2)  surface  sectional  ratio;  and  (3), 
area  and  the  rate  of  condensation. 

General — (1)  Barometric  pressure; 
and   (2)    air  leakage. 

In  considering  the  relations  of  these 
factors,  the  accompanying  diagram  will 
be  of  service. 

Quantity    of   Steam 

This  is  one  of  the  factors  of  prime 
importance,  determinable  in  existing 
plant  by  ordinary  boiler  trial  methods, 
the  constant  and  intermittent  portions 
permitting  of  separate  measurement.  In 
designs  under  consideration  estimates 
must  be  made  allowing  per  indicated 
horsepower  per  hour  for  engines  under 
30  i.h.p.,  40  to  60  lb.  steam;  under  300 
and  over  100  i.h.p.  (air  compressors), 
15  to  25  lb.;  winding  engines,  30  to  60 
lb.  steam.  These  figures  are  approximate 
and  in  each  case  must  be  modified  to 
suit  the  type  of  engines  used,  and  with 
winding  engines  care  must  be  taken  in 
estimating  the  indicated  horsepower.  I 
prefer  estimating  on  the  actual  horse- 
power. Allowances  of  this  nature  are, 
however,  no  excuse  for  wild  guessing. 
This  factor  is  one  of  vital  importance  and 
must  be  figured  with  a  f-iir  degree  of  ac- 
cnracv,  thus  necessitating  an  intimate 
acquaintance  with  the  types  of  engine 
and    their   steam   consumption. 

Rflkasr  Temperature  of  the  Steam 

Naturally  the  temperature  of  the  ex- 
haust steam  from  a  simple  winding  en- 
gine differs  considerably  from  that  of  a 
triple-expansion  engine.  Under  mine- 
plant  conditions,  an  examination  of,  steam 
tables  shows  the  B.t.u.  in  one  pound  of 
steam  as  varying  from  about  1125  to  1175 
and  equating  these  extremes  against  the 
necessary  amount  of  cooling  water  it  will 
he  found  that  the  latter'  factor  is  af- 
fected  by  more  than  5  per  cent. 

Variations    in    release    temperature    do 


not,  therefore,  materially  affect  the  prob- 
lem. The  statement  that  nine-tenths  of 
the  heat  supplied  to  the  engine  is  trans- 
ferred to  the  condenser  is  substantially 
correct  yet  gives  ample  food  for  thought. 

The  Vacuum  and  Hot-Well 
Temperatures 

For  different  vacuums,  there  are  cor- 
responding temperature  variations  in  the 
condenser  and  therefore  in  the  water 
draining  into  the  hot  well.  A  perusal  of 
the  accoinpanying  diagram  illustrates 
the  point.  When  there  is  no  air  leakage 
the  hot-well  temperature  should  agree 
with  that  opposite  the  vacuum  recorded 
either  in  the  diagram  or  steam  tables  as- 
suming the  vacuum  gage  to  be  free  from 
error. 

In  a  simple  plant  with  but  one  exhaust 
main  from  one  low-pressure  cylinder  to 
the  condenser,  a  vacuum  efficiency  of 
over  95  per  cent,  is  frequently  main- 
tained. But  in  a  complex  plant  with  per- 
haps five  or  six  branches  from  the  ex- 
haust main,  it  is  difficult,  in  many  cases, 
to  maintain  an  efficiency  of  90  per  cent, 
and  it  is  safe  in  the  design  of  such  plant 
to  figure  on  85  per  cent.  The  allow- 
ance is  to  be  made  when  calculating  the 
air-pump  capacity  and  also  the  amount 
of  cooling  water  as  the  hot-well  tem- 
perature determines  the  upper  end  of  the 
temperature  range  of  the  cooling  water. 

Initial  Temperature  of  the  Cooling 
Water 

The  final  temperature  of  the  cooling 
water  is  variable  with  the  hot-well  tem- 
perature. The  initial  temperature,  how- 
ever, is  largely  a  matter  of  climate  and 
local  conditions.  The  lower  the  initial 
temperature  the  greater  the  cooling  ef- 
fect. In  temperate  climates  40  to  70  deg. 
F.,  and  in  tropical  climates  60  to  90  deg. 
F.  are  common  initial  temperatures. 
Where  water  is  scarce  and  a  cooling 
tower  must  be  used  the  initial  tempera- 
ture will  be  about  15  deg.  F.  higher  and 
allowance  must  be  made  in  problems  of 
desicn. 

FiN\L  Tfmpi-rature  of  the   Cooling 
Water 

This  cannot  be  higher  than  the  vacuum 
temperature,  thus  for  a  25-in.  vacuum 
133  deg.  F..  and  for  a  28-in.  vacuum  100 
deg.  F.  are  the  theoretical  limits.  It 
has  been  found,  however,  with  condens- 
ers of  ordinarv  design,  that  the  rate  of 
condensation  has  an  important  bearing 
on  the  final   temperature   and  the  quan- 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


125 


tity  of  water  required.  It  will  be  found 
safe  in  mining  design,  to  figure  the  final 
temperature  at  10  to  15  deg.  F.  below 
the  vacuum  temperature. 

Quantity   of   Cooling   Water 

The  quantity  of  cooling  water  varies 
with  the  initial  and  final  temperature  of 
the  cooling  water  and  the  rate  of  con- 
densation. The  final  temperature  is 
largely  dependent  on  the  desired  vacuum. 
The  following  formula,  deduced  by  Pro- 
fessor Unwin  from  R.  W.  Allen's  experi- 
ments, equates  these  factors  with  rea- 
sonable accuracy : 

Where  W  =  pounds  cooling  water  per 
pound  steam,  w  =  rate  of  condensation 
(see  below)  ;  7"  =  difference  between 
vacuum  and  initial  temperature  of  cool- 
ing water. 

I  Material    of    the    Cooling    Surface 
The  almost  universal  material  is  brass. 


important,  has  never,  as  far  as  I  know, 
been  incorporated  in  the  formulas  of  de- 
sign. A  discussion  of  its  bearing  on 
design  is  outside  of  the  purport  of  this 
article,  but  on  this  point  and  on  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  cooling  surface,  much 
of  interest  will  be  found  in  the  references 
quoted  later. 

Area  of  Cooling  Surface  and  Rate  of 
Condensation 

By  this  is  understood  the  number  of 
pounds  of  steam  condensed  per  square 
foot  of  cooling  surface  per  hour.  This 
factor,  equated  in  the  first  formula,  va- 
ries in  ordinary  practice  from  about  four 
to  10.  The  following  formula  for  deter- 
mining the  area  of  cooling  surface  is  that 
of  Professor  Whitham,  the  constant  180 
B.t.u.  being  altered  to  200  B.t.u.  as  more 
in  accord  with  mcdern  practic3: 

.4=         -'^^- 

20,(7-        t) 

Where,  ^4  —  sq.ft.  of  cooling  surface; 
S  —  lb.   iteam  condensed   per  hour;   /- = 


0      1 

0      ' 

!l      1 

Varuumr  liicheg  Mercury. 

on    12  13  u   15  le  i;   is  lo  2 

0  ■- 

1    22    23    24    2 

3    ■- 

0  2 

S    29    M 

N 

"S 

■^ 

• 

N 

_.. 

s^ 

t 

vf; 

tw-a 

N 

"i-i 

I; 

L^ 

> 

s. 

^^A 

t 

^ 

S. 

s 

^ 

s 

> 

\ 

J 

X 

\ 

'■  i" 

y 

s 

\ 

'"7 

n 

\ 

5 

1 

V 

s 

k 

■% 

s 

-\ 

■v 

> 

3 

\ 

y 

2 

N 

s 

\ 

S 

\ 

._. 

s 

vl 

112 

202    5 

l'J2   S 

182." 

172  " 

102  f 

132  ^ 

112   = 

132  jj 

122  J 

112 -S 
it. 

a 
82  - 

72   5 


LHit-iit  niiil  =  H- 


Diagram  Showing  Pressure   Vacuu.m    Line  and  Corresponding  Te.mperature 


Ithough  copper  has  slightly  higher  con- 
activity.  Copper,  on  account  of  its  soft- 
|;ss,  requires  considerable  intermediate 
aying.  Generally  the  tubes  are  of 
■ass,  solid  drawn,  0.75  in.  diameter  by 
048  in.  thick,  and  sometimes  tinned. 
1  the  best  practice  the  tube  plates  are  of 
illed  brass.  Their  thickness  is  about 
le  and  one-half  times  the  tube  diameter. 
If  stay  rods  are  eitner  of  the  same  nia- 
rial  or  of  Muntz  metal.  For  such  tube 
irfaces  Professor  Whitman  has  calcu- 
ted  a  constant  heat  transmission  of  180 
t.u.  per  hour  for  each  square  foot  of 
irface  per  10  deg.  F.  difference  between 
e  vacuum  temperature  and  the  mean 
mperature  of  the  cooling  water. 

Surface   Sectional   Ratio 

The  ratio  of  the  surface  of  one  effec- 
e  tube  length  to  its  sectional  water 
'ea  is  designated  as  the  surface-sec- 
inal    ratio.      This    relationship,    though 


latent  heat  of  steam  at  the  vacuum  tem- 
perature; r  —  vacuum  temperature,  deg. 
F. ;  ?  =  mean  of  initial  and  final  tem- 
perature of  the  cooling  water. 

Barometric  Pressure 

The  possible  vacuum  at  any  point  on 
the  earth's  surface  is  limited  by  its  hight 
above  sea  level.  At  high  altitudes  as  at 
Johannesburg  the  vacuum  obtainable  is 
less  by  over  four  inches  than  would  be 
obtainable  at  sea  level.  For  problems  in 
condenser  design  it  is  sufficient  to  allow 
a  drop  of  one  inch  for  each  1000  ft.  of 
elevation. 

Air  Leakage 

Air  leakage  arises  partly  from  the  feed 
water,  hut  chiefly  from  leaky  glands,  pipe 
joints  and  other  connections.  With  a  com- 
plex plant  1  advise  the  use  of  an  air 
pump,  capacity  of  1.5  cu.ft.  per  lb.  steam 
condensed  per  hour.      The    Edwards    air 


pump  is  generally  used  but  compound 
pumps  and  vacuum  augmenters  deserve 
more  consideration  than  has  been  given 
them  in  the  past.  The  point  to  note  is 
that  with  a  complex  plant,  increased  air- 
pump  capacity  and  efficiency  are  re- 
quired. 

Co.MPLEx  Plant 

Care  is  necessary  in  applying  the  fore- 
going formulas  to  a  complex  (constant 
plus  intermittent  I  plant.  The  constant 
part  is  calculated  as  indicated.  The  in- 
termittent is  figured,  not  on  the  average 
intermittent  steam  consumption  per  hour 
(the  consumption  per  trip  multiplied  by 
the  number  of  trips  per  hourt.  but  on  the 
steam  consumption  per  trip  and  the  time 
of  trip. 

The  engine  subsequently  referred  to 
averaged  253  lb.  of  steam  per  trip;  16 
trips  per  hour;  time  of  trip  (under 
steam  >  80  sec.  The  problem  is  figured 
on  a  steam  consumption  of  253  lb.  in  80 
sec.  and  not  on  253  x  16  lb.  per  hour. 

Knowing  the  quantities  of  steam  and 
the  cooling-water  temperatures,  trial  cal- 
culations are  made  with  different 
vacuums  to  obtain  the  quantity  of  cooling 
water  required;  if  this  is  unreasonably 
high  the  solution  must  be  compromised 
by  reducing  the  vacuum  and  running 
fresh  trial  calculations.  I  would  consider 
over  70  lb.  per  lb.  of  steam  condensed  as 
approaching  the  unreasonable. 

In  the  case  here  cited  the  vacuums  se- 
lected under  "constant"  and  "constant 
plus  intermittent"  conditions  were  24  and 
21  in.  at  an  elevation  of  1080  ft.,  equiva- 
lent to  25  and  22  in.  at  sea  level. 

The  calculations  for  the  necessary  cool- 
ing surface  under  the  two  conditions  are 
then  worked  from  the  formula  given. 
Some  compromise  may  be  necessary,  de- 
pendent on  the  relation  of  the  constant 
to  the  constant  plus  intermittent  portion 
of  the  steam  consumption.  It  may  be 
added  that  the  calculations  on  complex 
plant  generally  involve  some  compromise 
between  efficiency,  first  cost  and  running 
cost,  but  the  care  necessary  to  obtain 
good  results  is  not  greater  than  is  de- 
manded in  many  other  engineering  prob- 
lems 

Old  and  Nevc  Plants 

The  old  plant  referred  to  in  this  paper 
was  installed  eight  years  ago.  Its  chief 
dimensions  were:  Steam  cylinder,  10- 
in.  diameter,  15-in.  stroke,  100  to  130 
r.p.ni..  18  to  20  i.h.p.  Edwards  air  pump 
I2-in.  diameter,  15-in.  stroke,  100  to  130 
r.p.m.  Circulating  centrifugal  pump, 
rated  at  40.000  gal.  per  hour;  shell  12  ft. 
long,  4.5-ft.  diameter,  234  steel  tubes, 
each  2-in.  diameter,  1500  sq.ft.  of  cooling 
surface. 

This  plant  was  replaced  by  the  present 
one  which  has  been  running  over  three 
years.  The  principal  dimensions  are: 
Steam  cylinders  14-  and  25-in.  diameter, 
lO-in.  stroke;  r.p.m.  varies  from  45  to  70; 


126 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


.July  16,  1910. 


steam  pressure  140  lb.  per  square  inch. 
Two  Edwards  air  pumps,  18-in.  diameter, 
10-in.  stroke.  Reciprocating  circulating 
pump,  double  acting,  18-in.  stroke,  10-in. 
diameter;  1362  tubes  each  7.5-ft.  long  of 
0.75-in.  diameter,  18  B.w.g.  solid  drawn 
brass;  tube  plates  of  rolled  brass  1.125 
in.  thick. 

The  following  guarantee,  under  sub- 
stantial penalty,  was  given  by  the  mak- 
ers: Initial  temperature  of  cooling  water 
90  deg.  F. ;  final  not  over  140  deg.  F. ; 
constant  load,  5000  lb.  steam  per  hour; 
constant  plus  intermittent  load  equiva- 
lent to  15,000  lb.  per  hour,  vacuums 
guaranteed  at  1080  ft.  above  sea  level,  24 
-20  in.  respectively.  In  view  of  this 
guarantee  a  perusal  of  the  following  test 
and  ordinary  running  data  will  be  of  in- 
terest. 

Test  and  Ordinary  Running  Data 

What  are  here  termed  "test"  data  dif- 
fer from  "ordinary  running"  data  only  in 
that  some  or  all  of  the  other  engines  were 
cut  out  for  the  purpose  of  individual 
measurements  of  steam  consumption  and 
vacuums.  Other  conditions  were  those  of 
ordinary  practice.  In  this  way  the  fol- 
lowing analysis  of  the  steam  consumption 
of  the  plant  was  obtained  by  actual 
measurement  of  each  machine,  and  the 
figures  approximately  represent  ordinary 
practice. 

TEST.S  OF  STEAM  CONSUMPTION. 


Machine. 

Constant 
Load. 

Intermittent 
Load. 

Condenser 

Dynamo  engine  .  .  .  . 

Feed  pump 

Air  compressors  .... 
"Winding  engine  .... 

Lb.  Steam 

per  Hour. 

670 

1,109 

176 

3,370 

Lb.  Steam 
per  Hour. 

11,340 

Totals 

5,325 

11,340 

saving  S51  per  week,  the  figures  being  on 
meter  readings.  It  would  appear  that  the 
"make  up"  feed  is  about  12  per  cent,  of 
the  total  feed  running  non-condensing. 

Economics  of  Intermittent  Con- 
densation 

For  a  number  of  years  careful  records 
were  kept  of  the  fuel  consumption,  the 
tonnage  hoisted,  the  air  compressed  and 
other  work  done.  Several  opportunities 
presented  themselves  to  compare  the  fuel 
consumption,  condensing  and  non-con- 
densing; the  average  shows  a  saving  of 
nearly  15  per  cent.,  or  over  15  tons  of 
coal  per  week,  which  at  30s.  per  ton, 
amounts  to  £1170  per  annum,  of  which 

ORDINARY  RUNNING  DATA, 


Opposite  the  winding  engine  the  quan- 
tity, 11,340  lb.,  represents  the  rate  during 
the  short  period  of  80  seconds,  the  aver- 
age quantity  per  hour  based  on  the  num- 
ber of  trips  being  3250  lb.,  making  the  ac- 
tual steam  consumption  of  the  entire 
plant  8575  lb.  per  hour.  The  larger  fig- 
ure, however,  must  be  used  in  calculating 
condenser  capacity  for  the  intermittent 
portion. 

The  accompanying  data  were  obtained 
under  ordinary  running  conditions  with 
full  load  on  all  machines. 

These  conditions,  of -course,  vary  some- 
what both  with  the  condition  of  the  con- 
denser itself  and  with  the  seasons.  Dur- 
ing the  hotter  part  of  the  year  with  the 
initial  temperature  of  the  cooling  water 
between  90  and  100  deg.  F.  the  vacuums 
average  21  and  23' j  in.,  equivalent  to  22 
and  24' J  in.  at  sea  level. 

At  the  plant  referred  to,  the  feed-water, 
non-condensing,  averaged  161,070  gal. 
and  condensing  the  "make  up"  feed  aver- 
aged 20,000  gal.  per  week,  which  at  the 
local  price  of  36c.  per  1000  gal.  shows  a 


Vaciuim 

Cooling  water,  ini- 
tial   

Cooling  water, 
tinal 

Hot  well 

Vacuum 

Vacuum  efficiency 

Cooling  water  per 
lb.  steam. . . . 


Constant 
Load. 


24  in. 

99  deg.  F. 

116  deg.  F. 

122  deg.  F. 

133  deg.  F. 

(25  in.) 

91.7  percent. 

78  lb. 


Constant  Plus 

Intermittent 

Load. 


22  in. 

99  deg.  F. 

142  deg.  F. 

135  deg.  F. 

146  deg.  F. 

(23  in.) 

92.  5  per  cent. 

38  lb. 


about  £400  can  be  credited  to  the  inter- 
mittent engines.  The  annual  saving  in 
feed  water  is  about  £550,  of  which  £180 
can  be  credited  to  the  intermittent  por- 
tion, or  a  total  credit  of  £580  per  annum 
on  that  portion  of  the  plant. 

This  figure  covers  in  one  year  the  ex- 
tra first  cost  on  the  plant  due  to  its  in- 
creased size  to  handle  the  "intermittent" 
portion  of  the  steam.  Further,  on  account 
of  the  purer  feed  water,  scale  is  cut  down 
to  about  one-eighth  the  amount  under 
non-condensing  conditions. 

It  may  be  added  that  the  winding  en- 
gine in  question  for  six  years  has  been 
hoisting  800  to  900  tons  per  day  from  a 
vertical  depth  of  2300  ft.;  also  men,  tools 
and  timber,  and  is  used  at  the  week  ends 
for  shaft  repairs.  It  is  easy  of  control 
running  condensing,  and  under  these  con- 
ditions may  be  relied  on  for  any  class 
of  work. 

Condenser  Tests 

In  ordinary  mine  practice  it  will  be 
found  sufficient  to  check  at  regular  in- 
tervals the  hot-well  temperature  and  the 
vacuum,  taking  care  that  the  thermometer 
is  so  placed  that  the  true  temperature  is 
recorded,  and  that  the  gage-  is  checked 
against  the»mercury  column.  If  leakage 
exists  the  registered  vacuum  will  be  lower 
than  that  corresponding  to  the  hot-well 
temperature.  If,  however,  they  correspond 
closely  and  the  vacuum  is  low,  the  quan- 
tity and  temperature  of  the  cooling  water 
should  be  measured. 

In  either  case  the  remedies  suggest 
themselves  to  the  engineer.  It  will  be 
found  advisable  to  place  a  Bristol  gage  on 
the  condenser  and  enter  regularly,  in  the 


log,   both  the   vacuum   and    the    hot-well 
temperature. 

General  Remarks 

On  some  of  the  large  English  and  Con- 
tinental collieries  the  low  pressure  (ex-  ; 
haust)  turbine  with  accumulator  of  the 
Rateau  type  has  given  a  much  higher 
economic  performance  than  could  have 
been  obtained  by  direct  condensation.  It 
is  necessary,  however,  that  the  output  be 
sufficiently  large  to  allow  the  winding  en- 
gine to  run  continuously,  the  stoppages 
between  hoists  not  being  greater  than 
about  two  minutes. 

It  is  possible  with  a  few  large  metal 
mines  to  meet  these  conditions;  with 
some  others  haulage  could  be  condensed 
to  one  or  two  shifts,  and  a  mixed  turbine 
installed,  running  low  pressure  when 
hoisting  and  high  pressure  with  the  wind- 
ing engine  standing.  Much  interesting  in- 
formation on  this  phase  of  the  subject 
will  be  found  in  the  catalogs  of  Fraser  & 
Chalmers. 

Much  of  the  credit  of  the  successful  is- 
sue of  intermittent  condensation  at  tht 
m.ine  here  mentioned  is  due  to  the  abilit\ 
and  perseverance  of  W.  V.  Dam,  design 
ing  engineer  to  Thompson  &  Co.,  of  Vic 
toria,  the  manufacturers  of  the  condense 
referred  to.  To  the  company's  engineer 
H.  G.  Moll,  I  am  indebted  for  assistanci 
both  in  connection  with  the  design  and  in 
stallation  of  the  plant  and  with  the  test 
necessary  in  compiling  these  notes. 


The  Mines  of  Oregon 

There  are  now  15  counties  in  Orego 
which  are  making  a  mineral  outpu 
Those  of  northeastern  Oregon,  includin 
Baker  county,  are  more  productive  tha 
the  group  included  in  southwestern  On 
gon.  The  press  bulletin  of  the  U.  : 
Geological  Survey  credits  Oregon  with  a 
annual  production  of  $900,000  to  $1,000 
000  in  gold  in  recent  years,  from  40,0C 
to  80,000  fine  ounces  of  silver,  and  250 
000  to  500,000  lb.  of  copper  and  a  smo 
quantity  of  lead.  Baker  county  is  tl 
largest  gold  producer  of  the  State,  ovi 
one-half  of  the  gold  output  of  Oregon 
recent  years  having  been  derived  fro 
this  county  alone.  Josephine  county 
the  second  largest  producer  and  relii 
mainly  on  its  placers  for  its  gold  produ  , 
tion.  There  are  many  large  and  produ 
tive  hydraulic  mines  in  operation  in  th 
county. 

The  gold  output  of  the  State  has  in  r 
cent  years  been  decreasing.  The  ma 
decrease  has  been  chiefly  in  quartz-mi 
ing  operations,  although  there  has  al 
been  a  decrease  in  the  yield  from  h 
draulic  mining,  and  has  been  due  to 
general  reduction  in  the  yield  of  mai 
large  and  small  mines.  The  average  oi 
put  of  metal  per  ton  of  ore  mined  has  i 
creased,  although  the  quantity  milled  h] 
been  much  less. 


July  16,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


127 


^Inew  publications 


The  Journal  of  the  Canadian  Mining 
Institute,  Volume  XII,  1909.  Edited 
and  published  by  the  secretary,  Mon- 
treal. 

Bridge  and  Structural  Design,  by  W. 
Chase  Thomson.  $2.  New  York, 
Engineering  News  Publishing  Com- 
pany. 

The  Middle  Devonian  of  Ohio,  by  Clin- 
ton R.  Stauffer.  Fourth  Series,  Bull. 
10,  1909,  Geological  Survey  of  Ohio, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Inspector  of 
Mines  of  the  State  of  Kentucky 
for  the  Year  1908,  by  C.  J.  Nor- 
wood, Lexington,  Ky. 

Manual  of  the  Chemical  Analysis  of 
Rocks,  by  Henry  S.  Washington. 
Second  edition,  revised  and  enlarged. 
S2.     New  York,  John  Wiley  &  Sons. 

\  Preli.minary  Report  on  the  Mineral 
Resources  of  Georgia,  by  S.  W. 
McCallie.  Geological  Survey  of 
Georgia,  Bull.  No.  23,  1910.  At- 
lanta, Ga. 

"he  American  Fertilizer  Handbook, 
1910.  A  Standard  Directory  of  the 
Commercial  Fertilizer  Industry  and 
Allied  Trades.  83.  Philadelphia, 
Ware  Brothers  Company. 

he  Copper  Handbook:  A  Manual  of 
THE  Copper  Industry  of  the 
World.  Volume  IX,  1909.  S5.  Com- 
piled and  published  by  Horace  J. 
Stevens,  Houghton,  Mich. 

•EOLOCY  and  Oil  Resources  of  ths 
CoALiNGA  District.  California,  by 
Ralph  Arnold  and  Robert  Anderson, 
with  a  report  on  the  chemical  and 
physical  properties  of  the  oils,  by 
Irving  C.  Allen.  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey,   Bull.   398,    1910. 

NNUAL  Report  of  the  Division  of 
Mineral  Resources  and  Statistics 
ON  the  Mineral  Production  of 
Canada  During  the  Calendar 
Years  1907  and  1908,  by  John  Mc- 
Leish,  Chief  of  Division  of  Mineral 
■  Resources  and  Statistics,  Depart- 
ment of  Mines,  Ottawa. 

^HO's    Who    In    Mining    and    Metal- 
lurgy;   Containing    the    Records    of 
Mining   Engineers  and    Metallurgists 
at  Home  and  Abroad,  1910.  Founded 
by  George  Safford.      15s.     London; 
The  Mining  Journal. 
This  is  the  second  edition  of  a  publlca- 
on  which  won  well  deserved  recognition 
pon  the  appearance  of  the   first.     In  its 
^cond   edition   new   names   appear,   and 
le  biographical  sketches  have  been  cor- 
iCted   In   some   cases   where   necessary. 
we  remarked  respecting  the  first  edi- 
on,    the    work    is    international    In    Its 
:ope,  i.e.,  insofar  as  the  Engllsh-spcak- 
g  countries  are  concerned,  and  the  well 
lown    American    engineers    have    been 


listed  to  a  large  extent.  There  are  some 
omissions,  and  some  inclusions  that 
might  well  have  been  omitted,  but  the 
book  is,  nevertheless,  a  useful  biograph- 
ical dictionary  for  reference. 
Die  Lacerstaetten  der  Nutzbaren  Min- 

ERALIEN  UNO  GeSTEINNE  NACH   FoRM, 

Inhalt  und  Entstehunc.  By  F. 
Beyschlag,  P.  Krusch  and  J.  H.  L. 
Vogt.  1  Band.  1  Halfte.  7  marks. 
Stuttgart.   1909:     Ferdinand   Enke. 

The  above  work  (deposits  of  useful 
minerals  and  rocks  according  to  shape, 
contents  and  origin)  is  fathered  by  a 
formidable  triumvirate  of  authors,  each 
of  whom  has  already  become  well  known 
on  both  sides  of  the  .Atlantic,  for  abls 
contributions  upon  the  general  subject  of 
economic  geology.  Professor  Vogt.  of  the 
University  of  Christiania,  is  perhaps  the 
best  known  in  America  because  of  his 
papers  in  journals  or  transactions  pub- 
lished on  this  side,  but  the  small  army 
of  Americans  who  have  studied  in  Ger- 
many and  who  follow  with  constant  profit 
the  literature  of  the  Fatherland  are  all 
familiar  with  the  names  of  Dr.  F.  Bey- 
schlag. director  of  the  Prussian  Geologi- 
cal Survey,  and  Dr.  P.  Krusch,  of  the 
Prussian  Geological  Survey  and  instruc- 
tor in  the  School  of  Mines,  Berlin.  Al- 
n:ost  all  the  works  hitherto  published  on 
this  subject,  abroad,  have  treated  of  ore 
deposits  alone,  but  this  volume  Is  the 
first  part  of  one  which  will  discuss  all 
branches  of  economic  geology.  The  field 
is  so  broad  that  the  three  workers  will 
each  find  portions  for  special  tillage. 

The  part  thus  far  issued  is  chiefly 
concerned  with  the  generalities  of  ore 
deposits.  The  specific  discussion  of  lo- 
calities will,  if  taken  up,  come  later.  The 
pages  are  distinguished  by  a  great  rich- 
ness in  illustrations,  both  in  the  form  of 
maps  and  figures  of  specimens.  The  ex- 
tensive collections  of  the  Prussian  Sur- 
vey and  the  Berlin  School  of  Mines  have 
yielded  many  polished  slabs  that  are  of 
great  significance,  and  that  are  new  to 
the  general  reader.  Many  topics  also  are 
treated  in  an  original  way  and  become 
thus  stimulating  to   refiection   and   study. 

The  introductory  chapter  outlines  the 
relations  of  economic  geology  to  econ- 
omics in  genera!.  We  find  in  the  Impor- 
tant connection  thus  outlined  the  natural 
explanation  of  the  rapidly  growing  hold 
which  this  branch  of  geology  has  upon 
the  student  body  of  those  of  our  uni- 
versities where  the  subject  is  specially 
t?ught.  Treating  as  it  does  of  natural 
resources,  it  is  fundamental  to  not  a 
few  latter-day  discussions.  An  element- 
ary knowledge  of  It  would  have  spared 
us  in  America  much  foolish  utterance 
upon  the  subject  of  consen-ation. 

From  these  generalities  the  authors 
pass  to  the  systematic  relations,  forms 
and  methods  of  Illustrating  ore  deposits. 
The  two  groups  syngenetic  and  rpigcn- 
die.  now  so  generally  used  In  German 
works,    are    adopted    as    a     foundation. 


Shapes  next  receive  attention  and  the 
forms  of  orebodies  are  passed  in  review. 
Now  the  miner  does  not  always  find  them 
in  the  rocks  as  they  are  deposited  in  the 
books,  so  that  it  is  natural  and  logical 
next  to  discuss  the  disturbances  which 
break  up  regularity.  Faults  are  especial- 
ly analyzed  and  described  in  detail. 

From  general  shape  we  next  come 
down  to  particular  minerals,  both  of  ore 
and  gangue,  not  alone  each  by  itself,  but 
their  common  associations  In  nature.  An 
observer  of  experience  who  reads  these 
pages  is  constantly  reminded  of  what  he 
has  seen  in  the  mines.  The  next  chapter  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  volume. 
It  treats  of  the  methods  of  formation  of 
the  minerals  previously  cited.  The 
methods  may  be  summed  up  under  crys- 
tallization from  fusion,  or  from  solution 
or  from  volatilization.  We  note  espe- 
cially the  results  of  Professor  Vogt's  In- 
structive investigations  Into  the  phenom- 
ena of  fused  magmas  and  artificial  slags 
which  have  been  elsewhere  set  forth  In 
a  long  series  of  contributions.  Again,  In 
the  following  chapter  upon  the  relative 
distribution  and  amounts  of  the  several 
elements  we  meet  a  favorite  subject  of 
Investigation  on  the  part  of  Professor 
Vogt. 

The  associations  of  metals  and  the  ele- 
ments with  which  they  are  combined  In 
nature  are  brought  about,  of  course,  by 
their  chemical  affinities.  A  chapter  is 
devoted  to  this  topic  so  that  at  last  the 
preliminaries  are  stated  and  the  discus- 
sion of  the  fonnatlon  of  the  orebodies 
themselves  can  be  taken  up.  The  vari- 
ous methods  now  familiar  to  all  students 
of  the  subject  are  passed  in  review.  An 
interesting  auxiliary  subject  is  found  in 
the  metallic  content  which  the  various 
ores  must  possess  in  order  to  make  tnem 
commercially    valuable. 

In  Chapter  IX  secondary  changes  re- 
ceive attention.  The  doctrine  of  second- 
ary enrichment  which  has  played  so  large 
a  part  in  America,  is  naturally  the  most 
Important  of  the  topics  under  this  head. 
From  the  results  of  secondary  change, 
various  rules  of  guidance  for  prospectors 
in  search  of  new  discoveries,  arc  sum- 
marized. The  authors  then  pass  In  re- 
view the  more  Important  of  the  various 
schemes  of  classification  which  have  been 
developed  In  later  years  and  reach  one  of 
their  own.  So  much,  however,  has  been 
written  upon  this  subject  that  there  is 
not  great  opportunity  for  anything  strik- 
ingly new.  With  an  appendix  on  the 
value  of  coins  In  various  parts  of  the 
w'orld,   the    volume    closes. 

Even  this  brief  statement  will  make 
clear  that  the  three  authors  have  brought 
a  wealth  of  scholarship  and  experience 
into  service  in  the  preparation  of  the 
volume,  and  that,  although  in  this  first 
part  we  have  but  the  introduction  to 
what  will  follow,  the  book  presents  a 
vast  amount  that  is  interesting  and  valu- 
able  In   itself. 


128 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


B  Y 


FLOYD 


W. 


PARSONS 


July  16,  1910. 


Vital    Facts    Pertaining    to    Coal    Mining 

A  Condensed  Review  oi  Recent  Practice  with  Especial  Attention  to  Most 
Approved  Preventative  Measures  Now  Being  Advocated  and  Introduced 


In  the  rush  accompanying  the  develop- 
ment of  our  vast  coal  resources,  it  is  ad- 
visable for  the  mine  operator  to  occasion- 
ally pause  a  moment  and  take  stock.  I 
do  not  mean  by  this  the  enumeration  of 
material  assets,  but  rather  a  brief  period 
of  reflection  on  the  industry  as  a  whole. 
Each  engineer  and  superintendent  who 
proposes  to  keep  abreast  of  modern  prac- 
tice must  frequently  question  his  meth- 
ods. The  technical  end  of  the  industry  is 
not  standing  still,  and  each  man  should 
endeavor  to  know  how  he  is  measuring  up 
with  the  high  standards  set  by  the  most 
progressive. 

Those  who  are  preaching  the  doctrine 
of  "let  well  enough  alone,"  will  soon  be 
smothered  by  the  dust  of  the  fellows  who 
are  hurrying  ahead.  In  no  great  industry 
is  competition  more  keen  than  in  bitu- 
minous coal  mining,  and  as  a  conse- 
quence there  is  no  place  for  those  oper- 
ators who  persist  in  their  adherence  to 
antiquated  methods.  It  may  seem  trite  to 
repeat  but  nevertheless  it  would  appear 
to  be  true,  that  the  ancient  philosopher 
who  is  quoted  as  saying  that  "An  ounce 
of  prevention  is  worth  a  pound  of  cure," 
must  have  had  the  coal-mining  industry  in 
mind.  Every  few  months,  when  we  have 
a  period  of  coal-mine  explosions,  the 
truth  of  the  proverb  is  appreciated,  and 
for  a  time,  all  of  the  mines  in  the  stricken 
districts  observe  extra  precautions. 

Following  in  line  with  the  work  of  the 
previous  year,  the  matter  of  coal  mine 
accidents,  their  cause  and  prevention,  has 
been  the  all-important  subject  of  discus- 
sion in  recent  months.  It  is  true  that  the 
opinions  of  many  of  our  most  experi- 
enced engineers  still  differ  widely  in  their 
views;  however,  no  one  will  doubt  that 
gradual  progress  toward  betterment  is  be- 
ing accomplished.  A  brief  backward 
glance  at  the  year's  happenings,  with  a 
short  scrutiny  of  the  best  thoughts  ad- 
vanced will  not  be  out  of  place. 

Excluding  Alaska,  and  subtracting  the 
10,658,000,000  tons  of  coal  already  mined, 
we  have  remaining,  in  the  United  States, 
about  2100  billion  tons  of  coal.  The  area 
of  our  present  accessible  coalfields  is 
about  330,000  square  miles.  The  Federal 
Government's  recently  adopted  conserva- 
tion policy  has  brought  about  a  material 
change  in  the  value  of  the  public  coal 
lands.  Until  a  few  years  ago,  all  public 
coal  lands  were  valued  uniformly  at  a 
iRte  of  $10  or  S20  an  acre,  according  if 
they  lie  less  or  more  than  \S  miles  from  a 
railroad.  The  present  value  fixed  for  the 
Government   coal    lands,   under   the    new 


system,  is  100  million  dollars  more  than 
the  value  at  which  they  were  formerly  ap- 
praised. 

L.\BOR 

During  the  past  year  there  has  been 
more  of  a  tendency  to  enforce  the  laws 
we  already  have,  rather  than  pass  new 
legislation.  The  coal  strike  that  occurred 
early  this  spring  was  settled  quickly  in 
the  Eastern  States,  the  operators  granting 
an  advance  in  wages.  In  Illinois  and 
the  Southwestern  States,  the  suspension 
has  been  long  drawn  out.  The  strike  in 
the  Southwestern  States  has  just  been 
settled,  the  operators  conceding  a  small 
advance  in  wages. 

In  many  States,  the  law  requires  that 
each  man  shall  have  served  an  appren- 
ticeship in  the  mines  before  he  is  eligible 
to  work  as  a  miner.  It  w-as  shown  re- 
cently that  certificates  of  competency 
were  issued  to  many  persons  who  were 
not  entitled  to  them.  This  evil  has  been 
largely  corrected.  One  form  of  legisla- 
tion that  must  come  soon  is  the  establish- 
ment of  a  relief  tax  to  create  a  fund  to 
aid  the  unfortunate  widows  and  children 
left  helpless  by  coal-mine  accidents.  One 
good  suggestion  is  that  each  State  levy  a 
tax  of  .}4c.  per  ton  on  all  coal  mined,  or 
produced  for  the  manufacture  of  coke. 
In  Pennsylvania  alone,  coal-mine  acci- 
dents leave  574  widows  and  1316  orphans 
each  year.  The  additional  cost  of  pro- 
duction entailed  by  such  a  tax  would  have 
to  be  paid  by  the  consumer.  The  person 
who  consumes  10  tons  of  coal  in  a  year 
would  have  an  additional  expense  of 
about  7'  J  cents. 

Surface  Equipment 

The  surface  equipment  of  a  modern 
mine  should  include  a  water  softening 
and  cooling  plant,  and  in  many  cases  a 
briquet  plant.  The  first  consideration  in 
building  a  mining  plant  is  to  decide 
whether  the  construction  shall  be  of  wood 
or  shall  be  fireproof.  After  this  point  has 
been  settled,  it  is  then  necessary  to  de- 
cide whether  greater  considera'tion  shall 
be  given  to  the  first  cost  of  the  plant  or 
to  the  cost  of  maintenance  and  operation. 
The  most  important  point  favoring  fire- 
proof construction  is  that  such  a  policy 
insures  the  operator  against  the  loss  in- 
curred through  the  closing  down  of  his 
plant  after  the  tipple  has  been  destroyed 
by  fire.  Many  tipples  are  now  being 
equipped  with  rotary  dumps,  so  as  to 
avoid  the  use  of  a  door  on  the  car.  This 
pives  a  solid   box-car  and   helps   prexent 


the  distribution  of  dust  in  the  mine.  The] 
rotary  dump  also  simplifies  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  track  at  the  point  of  dumping. 
Although  thene  is  a  divergence  of  opin- 
ion as  to  the  advisability  of  providing  a 
wash  house  near  the  mouth  of  coal  mines 
for  the  use  of  employees,  the  more 
modern  mines  are  now  being  equipped 
with  such  baths.  At  one  large  colliery  in 
Scotland,  where  1100  men  are  employed, 
an  elaborate  system  of  baths  has  been 
installed.  At  this  mine,  all  of  the  work- 
men who  desire  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  baths  pay  2c.  per  week  toward  their 
maintenance.  This  sum  is  barely  half  of 
the  cost  of  providing  the  baths.  The 
aerial  wire-rope  tramway  is  one  feature 
that  is  being  used  more  extensively 
around  coal  mines.  In  some  instances, 
these  tramways  are  used  to  carry  away 
ashes  and  refuse,  but,  in  most  cases,  such 
installations  are  used  to  transport  coal 
from  mines  difficult  of  access  to  tipples 
or  dumping  stations  alongside  the  rail- 
way. One  such  tramway  in  Europe  is 
seven  miles  long  and  has  spans  3660  ft. 
in  length.  The  buckets  on  this  tramway 
have  a  capacity  of  1300  lb.  and  are 
spaced  210  ft.  apart.  The  speed  of  the 
moving  cable  is  500  ft.  per  minute,  and 
the  buckets  are  attached  to  it  by  a  fric- 
tion grip.  Before  this  tramway  was 
erected,  the  cost  of  transportation  was 
29c.  per  ton;  at  the  present  time  the 
cost  is  only  6c.  per  ton. 

Power  Stations 

There  is  a  tendency  on  the  part  of  all 
large  companies  at  present  to  provide  one 
central  power  station  for  a  group  of  col- 
lieries. Compressed  air  is  being  adopted 
as  the  motive  power  by  a  number  of  com- 
panies who  operate  gassy  mines.  Where 
electricity  is  used,  the  three-phase  alter- 
natir>g  current  is  preferable  to  the  con- 
tinuous current,  on  account  of  the  danger 
that  lies  in  the  commutator.  Continuous- 
current  motors  generally  spark  at  the  ■ 
brushes.  The  cost  of  electric  power  de-  , 
pends  largely  on  the  size  of  the  plant. 
In  one  instance  where  a  large  central 
plant  is  used,  the  output  was  2500  kw., 
the  cost  per  kilowatt  being  S268.  The 
total  cost  of  this  plant  was  S700,000.  At 
another  station  having  an  output  of  40,- 
000  kw.,  and  costing  S5,800,000,  the  to- 
tal cost  per  kilowatt  was  only  S139. 

Much  care  should  be  exercised  in  the 
selection  of  cables  for  the  transmission 
of  current.  Sixteen  insulated  and 
armored  cables,  each  carrying  100  e.h.p. 
will  be   much   more  expensive  than   four 


July  16,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


129 


cnbles  each  carrying  400  e.h.p.  If  we 
transmit  current  two  miles,  with  400  volts 
at  the  motor,  on  a  drop  of  10  per  cent, 
per  mile  from  generator  to  motor,  the 
cost  incurred  when  16  cables  are  used 
will  be  at  least  20  per  cent,  greater  than 
if  all  the  power  were  taken  two  miles  in 
four  large  cables.  In  deciding  such  i 
problem,  it  is  necessary  to  reconcile  two 
conflicting  needs:  First,  the  convenience 
and  safety  of  low-tension  motors;  second, 
the  economy  of  high  tension  mains.  Om 
point  in  the  transmission  of  current  that 
is  wortny  of  remembering  is  that  the  cost 
of  copper  varies  i.nversely  as  the  square 
of  the  voltage. 

Steam  turbines  as  prime  movers  are 
most  desirable.  These  turbines  should 
be  run  condensing.  It  is  often  possible, 
by  using  a  low-pressure  steam  turbine 
and  condenser,  to  double  the  capacity  of 
the  plant  without  adding  any  additional 
boiler  capacity  or  requiring  any  addition- 
al fuel.  One  English  company  has  in- 
stalled a  2000-kw.  steam  turbine  mounted 
on  a  special  rubber  foundation,  which 
latter  has  been  introduced  to  obviate  any 
possibility  of  vibration.  The  turbine  set 
is  bolted  to  a  special  slab  of  concrete 
about  2  ft.  thick,  reinforced  with  a  steel 
gird  and  supported  by  a  series  of  circu- 
lar rubber  stools,  which  rest  on  the  or- 
dinary concrete  built  into  the  ground. 
These  rubber  stools  are  renewable. 

Hoisting 

The  most  important  advances  made  in 
he  practice  of  hoisting  are  along  the 
ines  of  electrical  hoisting.  Some  of  the 
ijvantages  of  electrical  winding  are  the 
:ri.ater  flexibility  and  the  uniform  torque 
if  the  electrical  motor,  which  reduces 
he  flywheel  effect  of  the  winding  engine 
0  the  minimum  amount.  The  steam  en- 
inc  must,  in  many  cases,  have  a  greater 
'heel  effect  through  its  reciprocating 
'II. 

Icctric  hoists  insure  less  time  per 
i  with  the  same  maximum  speed, 
inch  results  in  an  increased  carrying 
apacity  of  the  shaft.  Another  important 
dvantage  is  the  saving  in  steam.  Some 
ngineers  claim  that  the  greatest  advan- 
ige  of  electrical  winding  lies  in  the  ease 
nd  certainty  of  control.  Electrical  wind- 
ig  is  perfectly  safe  and  reliable,  but  it 
;  somewhat  expensive  in  its  first  cost, 
ractically  all  of  the  new  mines  of  Im- 
'irtance  on  the  continent  are  equipped 
iih  electrical-winding  plants.  The  Eng- 
sh  and  Americans  havf  been  slower  to 
dopt  this  system.  The  owner  of  a  col- 
ory  that  is  equipped  with  modern  steam- 
inding  engines  cannot  be  expected  to 
^card  such  a  valuable  plant,  but  in  the 
'•^c  of  new  mines,  especially  where  elec- 
icity  is  to  be  used  for  other  purposes, 
seems  advisable  for  coal  companies  to 
dopt  electrical  hoisting. 

It  is  generally   conceded   that   the   flat- 

I'oed  strand  variety  of  hoisting  rope  pos- 

■;?es  practically   all   the   advantages   of 


the  locked-coil  rope,  and  furthermore 
lias  no  tendency  to  spin  or  kink.  The 
flattened-strand  rope  also  exhibits  less 
tendency  to  become  brittle.  Such  ropes 
are  easier  to  cap  and  to  lubricate  than 
locked-coil  ropes.  It  is  also  believed  that 
greater  safety  results  from  the  use  of 
detaching  hooks,  rather  than  from  safety 
catches.  These  later  devices  are  liable  to 
come  into  operation  at  a  time  when  they 
are  not  wanted.  In  order  to  protect  men 
at  the  shaft  bottom,  cage  bonnets  should 
be  made  high  enough  so  that  falling  coal 
striking  the  bonnet  will  not  be  thrown 
into  the  entry.  It  is  difficult  to  determine 
why  double-deck  cages  are  used  almost 
exclusively  in  European  mines,  and  not 
so  generally  employed  in  American  prac- 
tice. In  some  of  the  mines  on  the  con- 
tinent, a  plan  has  been  adopted  whereby 
two  ropes  are  attached  to  each  cage. 
When  one  rope  breaks,  the  other  comes 
into  play.  This  system  has  not  yet  been 
given  a  sufficient  trial  to  show  its  effi- 
cacy. Various  systems  of  signaling  have 
rscently  been  devised;  experience  has 
shown  that  the  single-stroke  bell  for  sig- 
naling is  superior  to  the  trembler  bell. 

Circular  Shafts 

American  mines  again  differ  from 
European  mines  in  having  rectangular 
shafts,  while  the  foreign  operators  seem 
to  prefer  circular  shafts.  The  advocates 
of  circular  shafts  claim  that  removing  the 
corners  in  rectangular  excavations  is  ex- 
pensive and  that  there  is  also  more  dan- 
ger to  the  workmen  from  the  pressure. 
A  circular  shaft  20  ft.  in  diameter  would 
be  equivalent  to  a  rectangular  shaft 
12x20  ft.  It  is  evident,  therefore,  assum- 
ing the  same  hoisting  capacity  in  either 
form  of  shaft,  that  the  excess  area,  which 
makes  ventilation  possible,  would  be  the 
same  in  either  a  circular  or  a  rectangular 
shaft.  European  engineers  claim  that  the 
cost  of  lining  is  as  5:9  in  favor  of  cir- 
cular shafts,  also  that  where  great  pres- 
sure is  encountered  the  circular  form  is 
the  only  safe  one.  For  a  given  area,  a 
circular  shaft  presents  less  rubbing  sur- 
face, or  resistance  to  the  passage  of  the 
ventilating  current.  The  principal  argu- 
ments advanced  favoring  the  circular 
form  arc  that  less  material  needs  to  be 
removed  for  a  given  cage  space,  and  that 
in  sinking,  the  permanent  lining  is  at 
once  put  in  place  as  the  work  progresses. 
Although  it  costs  more  to  line  a  circu- 
lar shaft.  Ihe  upkeep  and  repairs  on  such 
a  shaft  are  less  than  on  the  rectangular 
style.  All  things  considered  American 
engineers  would  do  well  to  consider  the 
advisabilit\  of  sinking  circular  shafts  in 
preference   to   rectangular  ones. 

Ventilation 

One  engineer  has  well  said.  "It  is 
quality  rather  than  quantity  that  is 
needed  in  ventilating  coal  mines."  There 
may  be  plenty  of  air  passing  through 
"he    main    entry    of  n    mine,    and    still    a 


lack  of  ventilation  at  the  faces  where  the 
miners  are  working.  This  condition  is 
generally  due  to  poorly  constructed  stop- 
pings. Practically  all  large  companies 
are  now  building  their  stoppings  sub- 
stantially of  brick  or  stone.  For  njinor 
stoppings  or  brattices,  a  good  mixture  of 
mortar  can  be  made  by  taking  one  part 
of  cement  to  about  seven  parts  of  fine 
coal  dust.  All  mines  should  equip  with 
fans  that  can  be  reversed  on  short  no- 
tice. In  certain  Canadian  mines,  the  fans 
are  run  one  way  in  summer  and  the  re- 
verse  in   winter. 

In  ordinary  ventilation,  more  than  50 
per  cent,  of  the  energy  developed  is  often 
expended  in  overcoming  friction.  If 
friction  were  entirely  absent,  a  difference 
of  pressure  equal  to  a  water  column  '4 
in.  high  would  be  sufficient  to  produce  a 
movement  in  the  air  current  equal  to 
more  than  2000  ft.  per  minute.  Much 
attention  should  be  devoted  to  the  elim- 
ination of  friction.  Ascentional  ventila- 
tion should  be  adopted  to  aid  the  fans 
wherever  possible.  It  is  generally  advis- 
able to  conduct  the  fresh  air  to  the  low- 
est point  in  the  mine  and  finish  at  the 
highest.  One  of  the  disadvantages  of 
sprinkling  is  that  the  more  vapor  there  is 
in  the  air,  the  greater  the  strain  on  the 
fans.  A  waterfall  in  an  upcast  shaft 
greatly  retards  ventilation.  The  ventila- 
tion of  a  mine  should  be  maintained 
even  when  the  pit  is  not  working.  Our 
laws  should  specify  that  ventilation  shall 
be  maintained  at  all  times  unless  a  mine 
is  abandoned. 

Haulage 

Electrical  haulage  is  being  adopted  at 
practically  all  mines  where  the  under- 
ground conditions  are  not  too  gaseous. 
Engineers  no  longer  dispute  that  where 
conditions  are  favorable  electrical  haul- 
age is  the  cheapest.  The  endless-rope 
system  of  haulage  remains  in  favor  at 
many  collieries  where  special  conditions 
exist.  The  best  features  of  this  system 
are:  (H  It  is  capable  of  dealing  with 
large  outputs  in  an  easy  form;  (2)  there 
is  less  wear  and  tear  of  rolling  stock 
than  with  other  systems;  (3)  it  travels  at 
a  much  lower  speed  than  any  other  sys- 
tem for  a  given  output;  and  (4  I  it  is,  as 
a  result  of  the  foregoing  advantages,  less 
liable  to  breakage  and  accidents  to  per- 
sons and   animals. 

Where  main-rope  haulage  is  used,  it  is 
Impossible  to  fix  any  definite  gradient 
upon  which  the  cars  will  run  back  by 
gravity.  The  degree  of  slope  upon  which 
a  train  of  cars  will  self-act  depends 
largely  upon  the  weight  of  the  car.  the 
size  of  the  wheels,  the  condition  of  the 
road,  and  the  weight  of  the  rails.  It  will 
generally  be  found  that  a  gradient  of 
2  in  26  is  a  fair  allowance. 

It  is  generally  believed  that  in  a  hori- 
zontal scam,  steel  cars  are  best  adapted; 
in  a  pitching  or  inclined  seam,  wooden 
cars  often  aive  the  best  results.     Where 


130 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


the  seam  is  inclined,  the  wooden  cars  are 
preferable  by  reason  of  their  necessarily 
frequent  renewals  or  repairs.  In  mines 
where  fast  haulage  is  employed,  it  is  of- 
ten advisable  to  have  the  direction  of  the 
air  xurrent  coincide  with  that  of  the  full 
trips.  When  the  cars  move  against  a 
high  air-current  velocity,  the  fine  dust  is 
swept  from  the  cars  to  the  sides,  floor 
and  roof,  making  the  mine  more  dan- 
gerous. 

Machine  Mining 

One  mining  machine  with  three  atten- 
dants will  generally  do  as  much  work 
as  20  men  can  accomplish  by  hand  labor. 
This  saving  in  time,  labor  and  cost  has 
made  mining  machines  indispensable. 
Every  coal-producing  State  in  the  Union 
will  eventually  enforce  laws  prohibiting 
shooting  coal  from  the  solid.  A  machine 
using  a  cutter  chain  traveling  horizontal- 
ly across  the  face  of  the  coal  has  the 
largest  capacity  and  consumes  the  least 
amount  of  power.  This  style  of  coal  cut- 
ter is  most  commonly  used  in  America 
and  is  generally  driven  by  an  electric 
motor.  Where  a  mine  has  rolling  bottom 
or  where  a  band  of  sulphur  occurs  near 
the  bottom  of  the  seam,  many  chain- 
breast  machines  will  not  work  satisfac- 
torily. In  such  mines,  coal-punching 
machines  are  most  often  employed.  The 
puncher  machine  is  also  especially  adapt- 
able in  coal  where  the  cleats  are  not  well 
defined,  as  it  allows  a  condition  of  shoot- 
ing which  places  the  coal  in  such  a  shape 
that  it  is  easily  loaded.  Coal  always 
rolls  better  when  shot  after  being  under- 
cut with  a  puncher.  Whether  to  adopt 
the  chain-breast  or  the  puncher  machine 
at  any  mine  is  a  question  that  requires 
careful  consideration  on  the  part  of  the 
mine  superintendent. 

Saving  by  Use  of  Machines 

As  to  the  saving  that  results  from  ma- 
chine mining,  it  may  be  said  that  at  a 
mine  producing  1000  tons  per  day  and 
having  a  15c.  margin  in  favor  of  machine 
mining,  the  gross  saving  would  be  about 
$150  a  day,  or  $30,000  per  year  of  200 
days.  In  such  a  case  the  company  can 
maintain  its  output  with  20  per  cent,  few- 
er men  than  are  required  when  hand 
mining  is  employed.  The  S30,000  saving 
will  pay  for  the  machine  plant,  installa- 
tion and  cost  of  maintenance,  as  well  as 
interest  and  depreciation,  in  about  one 
year's  time. 

The  advantages  of  coal  cutting  are, 
(1)  an  increased  percentage  of  large 
coal;  (2)  the  coal  is  mined  in  a 
firmer  and  better  condition;  (3)  a 
more  regular  line  of  face  is  obtained, 
leading  to  more  systematic  timbering; 
(4)  increased  safety  conditions  for  the 
miner;  (5)  thin  seams  can  be  profitably 
mined;  (6)  increased  output;  and  (7) 
fewer  explosives  are  required  for  getting 
down  the  coal.  The  effectiveness  of  ma- 
chine mining  is  shown  by  the   fact  that 


American  coal  operators,  with  fewer  men, 
produce  60  per  cent,  more  coal  than  is 
mined  in  Great  Britain. 

Mine  E.xplosions 

The  greatest  problem  in  coal  mining 
is  the  prevention  of  mine  explosions,'  and 
consequently,  the  attention  of  all  those 
connected  with  the  industry  has  been  di- 
rected toward  this  subject.  The  danger- 
ous factor  in  mine  explosions  is  either 
gas  or  dust,  and  since  good  ventilation 
will  prevent  explosions  due  to  gas,  the 
chief  question  to  solve  is  the  dust  prob- 
lem. It  is  now  generally  understood  that 
coal  dust  that  is  fine  enough  to  pass 
through  a  200-mesh  sieve  can  be  ignited 
either  by  a  naked  light  or  the  arc  of  an 
electric  circuit.  After  careful  investiga- 
tion, the  British  Royal  Commission  con- 
cluded that,  ( 1  I  coal  dust  from  many 
seams  is  as  sensitive  to  explosion  as 
gunpowder  itself;  (2l  coal  dust  is  sen- 
sitive to  explosion  in  proportion  to  its 
freedom  from  impurities;  (3)  a  supply 
of  oxygen,  such  as  is  furnished  by  brisk 
ventilation  makes  a  coal-dust  explosion 
more  probable  and  more  severe;  (4)  a 
gas  explosion  in  a  fiery  mine  may  be 
carried  on  indefinitely  by  coal  dust  raised 
by  the  explosion   itself. 

As  to  the  rpte  at  which  coal  dust  is 
deposited,  careful  experiments  at  one 
mine  showed  that  about  11 'j  lb.  of  coal 
dust  were  carried  in  eight  hours  past  the 
point  where  the  measurements  were  tak- 
en. The  velocity  of  the  air  carrying  this 
dust  was  95  cu.ft.  per  minute.  Other 
measurements  made  to  determine  the 
quantity  of  dust  deposited  on  the  floor, 
sides,  etc.,  showed  that  at  the  shaft-bot- 
tom, where  the  area  of  the  road  was  150 
sq.ft.,  18  lb.  of  dust  were  deposited  each 
working  day  of  12  hours.  At  this  rate  of 
deposition,  it  would  require  about  83 
working  days  to  render  the  road  at  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  absolutely  dangerous. 

Concerning  the  ignition  of  coal  dust  by 
electric  Rashes,  other  experiments  have 
shown  that  the  increase  in  percentage  of 
ignitions  is  proportional  to  the  increase  in 
current.  It  is  not  proportional  to  the 
power  of  the  flash,  but  to  the  product  of 
this  and  the  voltage.  As  to  the  amount 
of  dust  that  will  cause  an  explosion,  one 
prominent  engineer  figures  that  0.036  lb. 
of  dust  per  square  foot  of  floor  space 
may  be  said  to  represent  the  explosive 
capacity  of  a  mine.  This  engineer  says 
that  thorough  saturation  of  the  entire  in- 
take appears  the  only  method  by  which 
every  particle  of  dust,  in  every  section  of 
a  mine,  can   be   reached   with  certainty. 

Treating  Dust 

In  treating  dust,  some  engineers  advise 
moistening  the  intake  air,  others  advo- 
cate direct  spraying  with  water,  while 
others  claim  that  calcium  chloride  is  the 
solution.  There  is  no  question  but  that 
in  manv  mines  the  use  of  water  has  a 
very   bad  eflect   on   the   roof.     It   should 


be  remembered,  however,  that  it  is  more 
often  the  frequent  changes  from  a  wet  to 
a  dry  condition  in  the  mine  that  affects 
the  roof  rather  than  the  constant  applica- 
tion of  water.  As  to  calcium  chloride,  it 
is  a  grayish-white  substance  which  has 
the  power  of  strongly  attracting  moisture 
from  the  atmosphere  and  of  holding 
same.  It  contains  nothing  that  is  injuri- 
ous to  the  miner,  roadways,  haulage 
ropes,  etc.  It  does  not  give  off  any  smell 
or  gas.  One  mine  manager  estimates 
that  the  cost  of  sprinkling  an  entry,  9  ft. 
wide  and  300  ft.  long  with  powdered 
calcium  chloride,  would  average  about 
S3.12.  Water  has  to  be  applied  daily, 
whereas  calcium  chloride  will  apparent- 
ly be  effective  for  three  months.  It  may 
be  further  stated  that  the  action  of  cal- 
cium chloride  liquor  upon  iron  and  steel 
is  not  one-third  as  vigorous  as  the  rust- 
ing action  of  plain  water.  The  effect  of 
humidity  on  the  capabilities  of  miners 
working  underground  should  not  be  over- 
looked by  those  who  introduce  moisture 
into  their  coal  mines. 

Firing   Shots 

It  has  been  proved  recently  that  about 
60  per  cent,  of  all  coal-mine  explosions 
have  been  caused  by  the  careless  hand- 
ling of  powder  and  by  blown-out  shots. 
The  technologic  branch  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  realizing  the 
dangers  resulting  from  the  use  of  low- 
grade  flaming  explosives,  has  been  mak- 
ing careful  tests  of  all  the  explosives 
manufactured  for  use  in  coal  mines.  Cer- 
tain conditions  have  been  set,  and  when 
it  is  proved  that  an  explosive  meets  the 
imposed  conditions,  such  explosive  is 
placed  on  a  permitted  list.  Some  trouble 
with  the  miners  has  followed  the  attempi 
to  introduce  these  permitted  explosives 
in  many  mines.  The  complaint  of  the 
miners  has  been  that  the  permitted  ex- 
plosives, being  high  in  power  and  quick 
of  action,  make  more  fine  coal  and  conse- 
quently cause  them  to  earn  less,  when 
they  are  paid  on  a  screened-coal  basis. 
Careful  experimenting  has  shown  that 
the  production  of  an  added  percentage  ol 
slack  with  these  high  explosives  can  be 
largely  overcome  through  their  more  in- 
telligent use. 

Tamping 

Engineers  differ  in  their  views  concern-- 
ing  the  question  of  tamping.  One  au- 
thority says  that  for  high  explosives,  the 
12  or  18  in.  of  tamping  often  used  is 
unnecessary,  as  a  few  inches  would  gen- 
erally be  sufficient.  He  says  that  owing 
to  its  inertia  and  friction  on  the  side  of 
the  hole,  tamping  offers  greater  resist- 
ance to  the  escape  of  gases  than  is  gen- 
erally supposed.  Another  engineer  of 
long  experience  takes  a  somewhat  differ- 
ent view.  He  says  that  in  ordinary  shot- 
holes,  he  considers  a  safe  proportion  is 
a  minimum  of  9  in.  of  stemming  to  a 
charge  of  3  oz.  of  high  explosives,  with 


July  16,  UMO. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


131 


a  proportionate  increase  for  stemming 
for  larger  charges.  Continuing,  he  says, 
"the  knowledge  that  shots  charged  with 
a  high  explosive  will  blast  the  work  re- 
quired with  little  or  no  stemming,  has 
caused  a  mistaken  idea  that  the  stemming 
of  shot  holes  is  of  only  minor  import- 
ance." It  is  best  to  be  on  the  safe  side 
and   use   plenty   of  tamping. 

Alany  practical  miners  claim  that  less 
damage  is  done  to  coal,  when  permitted 
explosives  are  employed,  by  using  cart- 
ridges of  considerably  smaller  diameter 
than  shot  holes,  thus  allowing  a  portion 
of  the  initial  explosive  energy  to  be  lost 
by  expansion.  As  to  whether  clay  or 
sand  should  be  used  for  tamping,  it  is 
believed  that  blown-out  shots  are  not  so 
likely  to  occur  with  sand  as  when  clay 
is  used.  At  one  mine,  wet  wood  pulp 
was  found  to  be  an  effective  tamping  ma- 
terial. 

The  system  of  firing  shots  electrically 
is  fast  growing  in  favor.  As  to  the  cost 
of  installing  a  shot-firing  system,  one 
company  with  an  output  of  1200  tons  per 
day  expended  S12.=iO  in  the  installation  of 
'iinplete  shooting  plant;  of  this  sum, 
ii  was  for  material.  The  total  yearly 
labor  cost  of  operating  this  system  was 
approximately  S2000.  As  to  the  cost  of 
firing  shots  by  electricity,  taking  the 
average  of  a  number  of  mines,  I  find  that 
the  cost  per  ton  averages  about  1.46c. 
In  mines  where  shots  are  fired  by  using 
,1  primary  battery,  or  a  good  magneto 
machine,  the  latter  is  more  reliable,  and 
although  it  costs  more,  it  is  easier  to  keep 
it   in   good   order. 

Points  to  Remember  in  Shot  Firing 

A  few  important  points  to  remember  in 
shot  firing  are :  II)  Where  there  are 
high  currents  of  air,  it  is  often  advisable 
to  place  the  direction  of  the  shot  hole 
with  the  air  current,  having  the  mouth  of 
the  shot  hole  pointing  away  from  the 
downcast  shaft,  or  intake;  (2)  use  a  cop- 
per scraper  or  other  approved  device  and 
carefully  clean  the  dust  out  of  every  shot 
hole  before  inserting  the  charge;  (3)  no 
hole  should  be  charged  for  a  longer  peri- 
od than  30  min.  before  being  fired;  (4) 
prohibit  the  firing  of  any  shots  when 
the  bore  holes  used  for  firing  extend 
beyond  the  undercutting;  15)  forbid  min- 
ers to  return  to  the  place  before  a  cer- 
tain prescribed  time,  say,  one-half  hour, 
has  elapsed  after  the  shots  have  been 
exploded;  this  will  reduce  the  number 
of  accidents  due  to  hang-fires;  (6)  a 
stranded  cable  makes  a  better  conductor 
for  shot-firing  circuits  than  does  a  single 
wire,  because  the  former  has  greater  flex- 
ibility and  will  withstand  rough  treatment 
better  than  a  solid  wire;  (7)  avoid  us- 
ing a  worn  drill,  so  that  the  bore  of  the 
hole  will  be  smooth  and  give  easy  clear- 
ance to  the  charge;  (8)  the  firing  line 
should  always  be  payed  out  from  the  shot 
hole  to  the  place  of  safety;   (9)  remem- 


ber   that    even    electrically  ignited    shots 
can   hang-fire. 

Innovations 

A  number  of  new  ideas  have  been  ap- 
plied to  coal-mining  practice  during  the 
past  year.  At  many  mines,  concrete  and 
steel  have  been  used  for  mine  props,  al- 
though the  initial  cost  has  been  greater 
when  these  materials  have  been  used,  the 
results  have  proved  satisfactory'  for  the 
long  pull.  The  advocates  of  reinforced- 
concrete  props  and  steel  props  claim  that 
the  life  of  a  timber  prop  is  generally  less 
than  two  years,  and  because  of  this  short 
life,  75  per  cent,  of  the  cost  connected 
with  the  use  of  timber  is  expended  in  the 
labor  of  setting  the  prop. 

Early  this  year,  the  hydraulic  mining 
cartridge  was  introduced  into  American 
.nines  with  considerable  success.  This 
machine  brings  the  coal  down  without  the 
use  of  explosives.  Aside  from  the  factor 
of  safety,  the  advocates  of  the  machine 
claim  that  it  produces  a  much  larger  per- 
centage of  lump  coal,  that  it  can  be  used 
any  time  during  the  day  or  night,  re- 
duces the  number  of  roof  falls  and  per- 
mits timbering  close  to  the  face.  The 
machine  has  met  with  much  favor  in  Eu- 
ropean mines  and  it  will  be  interesting 
to  know  how  it  will  succeed  in  this  coun- 
try. Expert  demonstrators  are  now  busy 
making  tests   in   various  mines. 

A  pneumatic  method  of  transporting 
coal  from  underground  has  been  installed 
and  is  being  tested  at  mines  in  southern 
West  Virginia.  The  inventors  of  this 
system  have  so  far  refused  to  make  pub- 
lic the  results  of  their  tests.  In  the  man- 
ufacture of  coke,  great  progress  has  been 
made  toward  the  introduction  of  coke- 
drawing  and  coke-leveling  machines.  In 
the  Connellsville  field,  it  has  been  shown 
that  the  introduction  of  such  machines 
has  effected  a  reduction  of  from  35  to 
40  per  cent,  in  the  labor  costs  of  pro- 
ducing coke.  Much  of  this  saving  is 
offset  by  items  of  expense,  such  as  the 
cost  of  electric  power  and  repairs  on  the 
machines.  It  is  also  true  that  where  ma- 
chines are  used  more  coke  is  lost  in  the 
shape  of  ashes  and  braize.  Beehive 
ovens  are  being  done  away  with  and  the 
general  practice  is  now  to  build  rectan- 
gular ovens  about  5  ft.  wide,  with  the 
discharge  end  2  in.  wider  than  the  push- 
ing end;  such  ovens  are  generally  32  ft. 
long,  7' J  ft.  high  to  the  bottom  of  the 
trunnel  head,  and  26  to  29  in.  between 
ovens.  Among  other  innovations  may  be 
mentioned  rescue  stations  underground 
and  concrete  hospitals  built  underground. 
In  the  anthracite  field,  one  inventor  has 
perfected  a  system  for  collecting  dust  in 
anthracite  breakers  and  thus  eliminating 
a  serious  difficulty  in  the  treatment  of 
anthracite  coal. 

Preventative  Measures 

In  no  line  of  endeavor  are  preventa- 
tive   measures    more    necessary    than    in 


mining  coal.  Each  superintendent  should 
look  ahead  and  eliminate  all  the  chances 
possible.  The  officials  of  each  company 
should  occasionally  formulate  fire  plans 
by  dividing  the  mine  into  districts  and  se- 
lecting proper  locations  for  dams.  At 
least  30  ft.  of  narrow  entry  is  necessary 
for  the  location  of  a  substantial  dam.  A 
good  dam  should  be  built  in  alternate 
layers  of  firebrick,  concrete,  dirt,  and 
brick  and  mortar;  such  a  stopping  should 
be  from  20  to  30  ft.  in  length.  The 
oils  that  miners  use,  as  well  as  the  ex- 
plosives, should  be  selected  only  after 
careful  tests. 

Not  enough  attention  is  given  to  dan- 
gerous top.  Miners  themselves  will  gen- 
erally work  under  a  bad  roof  if  per- 
mitted to  do  so.  Nothing  is  more  im- 
portant than  that  the  miner  should  make 
his  place  safe,  and  when  orders  are  giv- 
en to  pull  down  dangerous  roof,  or  to 
put  props  under  it,  the  miner  who  dis- 
obeys or  delays  should  be  severely  pun- 
ished. It  is  also  true  that  not  enough 
care  is  exercised  in  the  selection  of  fire- 
bosses.  The  ability  to  see  a  gas  cap  in 
a  safety  lamp  is  unequal  among  differ- 
ent men,  and  consequently,  the  officials 
responsible  for  such  testing  should  be 
required  to  undergo  an  examination.  Col- 
liery managers  themselves  may  carry  on 
such  an  examination  by  having  a  number 
of  lamps  burning  in  atmospheres  of  dif- 
ferent kinds,  and  requiring  the  men  to 
pass  by  one  at  a  time  and  state  what 
they  can  see.  This  test  should  be  re- 
peated at  intervals,  especially  as  the  men 
grow  older. 

Sanitary  Conditions 

The  sanitary  conditions  in  American 
mines  are  worse  than  those  existing  in 
the  mines  of  any  other  important  coun- 
try. The  time  is  fast  approaching  when 
American  operators  will  be  compelled  to 
take  the  necessary  precautions  to  combat 
ankylostomiasis  and  other  diseases  that 
prevail  among  coal  miners.  The  ankylos- 
toma,  or  miner's  worm,  has  been  for  sev- 
eral years  the  subject  of  experiments  in 
England.  Germany  and  France.  These 
experiments  have  shown  that  the  best 
disinfectant  for  wet  and  ill-ventilated 
mines  is  sulphate  of  iron.  This  costs 
about  S39  a  ton.  .A  1  per  cent,  solu- 
tion of  it  would  cover  100,000  sq.yd.  of 
fioor  1  cm.  deep.  This  will  prevent  the 
development  of  any  eggs.  Almost  equal- 
ly effective  are  cinders.  Sea  water  is  a 
third  possible  disinfectant;  it  kills  larvas 
within  an  hour.  Creosote  also  kills  larvae 
quickly.  Hence,  where  the  air  is  moist 
and  there  is  no  danger  of  fire,  the  lower 
end  of  props  should  be  creosoted  to  a 
bight  of  about  half  a  yard.  Ankylos- 
toma  larviB  are  fond  of  climbing,  and 
wooden  props  easily  become  reservoirs 
of  them.  Sanitary  closets  underground 
are  inexpensive  and  should  be  provided 
at  each  mine.     The  stableman  or  other 


132 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


specially  appointed  person  can  attend  to 
these  closets. 

Conclusions 


There  is  only  one  way  to  figure  mine 
accidents;  each  fatality  must  be  given  a 
definite  cost  per  ton.  Consequently,  if 
we  spend  in  preventative  measures  a  sum 
equal  to  the  total  cost  of  our  accidents, 
we  will  not  only  eliminate  such  fatal- 
ities, but  will  secure  greater  efficiency 
from  the  miners  and  more  satisfaction  all 
around.  I  do  not  like  to  state,  but  it  is 
ime,  nevertheless,  that  precautionary 
measures  are  generally  greatest  where 
property  losses  are  likely  to  be  greatest. 
Falls  of  roof  result  in  more  fatalities  than 
any  other  cause,  and  have  received  less 
attention.  We  should  all  value  the  lives 
of  men  more  than  property. 

The  mine  manager  who  employs  a  su- 
perintendent  with   a   reputation    for   pro- 
ducing the  so  called  "cheap  ton"  of  coal 
may  find  that  he  has  selected  the  most 
expensive   man   in   the   long   run.     Many 
superintendents  with  a  reputation  of  this 
sort  have   a  habit   of   reducing  expenses 
by   mining   all   the   easily    available   coal, 
without  devoting  time  or  attention  to  fu- 
ture   economic    and    systematic    develop- 
ment.    One  prominent  engineer  recently 
made  a  wise  suggestion,  saying  that  since 
our   coal   properties    were   purchased   by 
the  acre  rather  than  by  the  ton,  it  would 
seem  advisable  to  take  the  acre   of  coal 
as  the  unit  of  measure  of  the  profitable- 
ness of  a  mining  property,  instead  of  tak- 
ing a  ton  of  coal  as  the  unit  of  the  cost 
of^production  and  making  it  the   gage  of 
the  result.     This  suggestion,  if  followed, 
would  provide  an  excellent  standard   for 
determining  the  efficiency  of  a  mine  of- 
ficial.    The   present   progress  maps   got- 
ten out  by   an   efficient  engineering   staff 
afford   a  reliable   gage    for  the   work   ac- 
complished   during    any    twelve    months. 
This   makes   it    easy,    then,    to    gage    the 
profitableness  of  a  system  of  mining  by 
the  profit  derived  per  acre. 

.Another  point  to  which  attention  is 
called  is  the  contradictory  attitude  of  the 
Government  concerning  the  conservation 
of  our  coal  areas.  One  branch  of  our 
Government  is  busy  providing  ways  and 
means  for  the  extraction  of  the  greatest 
possible  percentage  of  our  coal  seams. 
Another  branch  of  the  Government  is 
busy  buying  only  the  best  grades  of  coal 
at  the  cheapest  possible  price.  The  Gov- 
ernment purchases  its  coal  on  what  is 
known  as  the  B.t.u.  basis,  and  this  plan 
has  been  adopted  by  other  large  con- 
sumers. With  this  method  of  purchasing 
coal,  nothing  but  a  high-grade  fuel  will 
fill  the  requirement,  and  all  the  poorer 
grades  of  coal  are  eliminated.  Although 
this  method  is  based  upon  sound  scien- 
tific principles,  it  tends  to  wasteful  meth- 
ods of  mining.  To  overcome  this  waste, 
we  must  adopt  more  scientific  methods  of 
burning  our  coal,  so  that  it  will  be  profit- 


able to  mine  the  poorer  grades  of  coal  as 
well  as  the  better  grades. 

The  past  few  years  have  witnessed  a 
remarkable  advance  in  all  branches  of 
the  American  coal  industry.  However, 
we  have  not  yet  reached  a  point  justify- 
ing self-satisfaction,  for  numerous  bad 
practices  must  be  corrected  and  a  multi- 
tude of  problems  remain  to  be  solved. 
I  trust  other  engineers  will  write  in 
detail  concerning  some  of  the  points  I 
have  here  touched  so  lightly.  Great  good 
is  sure  to  result  from  animated,  discus- 
sion. 


The   Collieries  of  the  Campine 
District 


Paris  Correspondence 


This  new  coalfield  is  located  in  the 
north  of  Belgium  running  east  to  west 
nearly  along  the  fifty-first  parallel,  from 
the  River  Meuse  at  the  point  it  enters 
Holland  to  the  neighborhood  of  Antwerp. 
It  is  the  continuation  of  the  Wesphalian 
and  Dutch  Limbourg  coalfields.  It  covers 
a  recognized  area  80  km.  long  by  12  km. 
wide. 

Coal  was  first  struck  in  boring  by  Pro- 
fessor Dumont  of  Louvain  on  August  2, 
1901,  at  Asch.  Further  researches  under- 
taken by  Mr.  Dumont  and  other  promi- 
nent people  of  the  industry  show  that  out 
of  100  m.  of  carboniferous  strata,  the  ag- 
gregate thickness  of  workable  coal  seams 
(over  16  in.  thick)  was  according  to 
places  1  m.  to  3  m.  Some  borings  showed 
an  aggregate  thickness  of  7  to  8  m.  of 
coal. 

All  Classes  of  Coal  Are  Found 
It  is  believed  that  every  class  of  coal 
will  be  found,  especially  gas  and  cokable 
coals.  The  capacity  of  the  coalfield  is 
estimated  at  5.000.000,000  metric  tons, 
and  the  cost  of  preparing  a  mine  with  two 
shafts  and  workmen's  houses  is  figured 
at  S3,000,000. 

Up  to  now,  eight  concessions  covering 
an  area  of  27,850  hectares,  were  granted 
by  the  Belgian  government  to  six  mining 
companies  who  are  now  preparing  to  sink 
shafts;  these  companies  are  also  building 
houses,  offices,  electric  power  plants,  and 
connecting  their  future  pits  with  the  ex- 
isting railways,  canals  and  roads.  The 
huge  surface  plants  that  are  under  erec- 
tion are  necessitated  by  the  process  used 
to  sink  shaft  and  the  nature  of  barren 
ground. 

Coal  Found  at  Great  Depths 
Coal  is  found  in  the  Campine  at  great 
depths.  The  most  western  collieries  have 
struck  coal  at  about  650  m.,  while  the  east- 
ern seam.s  are  at  a  depth  of  about  400  m.; 
however,  before  reaching  the  carhonif- 
eious  strata  two  large  barren  zones  must 
be  passed  through.  The  former  200  to 
300  m.  thick  is  mainly  constituted  of  wa- 
ter-bearing sands  and  impervious  clays  in 
most  varied  proportions.      The    latter   in- 


cludes solid  ground  much  broken  and 
very  aquiferous.  Under  this  last  zone  is 
found  a  seam  of  sand,  called  "sable  her- 
vien"  of  a  small  thickness,  but  which  will 
be  rather  troublesome  at  this  depth  unless 
carboniferous  strata  is  found  under  this 
sand. 

Soon  after  organization,  the  mining 
companies  put  down  bore  holes  to  deter- 
mine what  kind  of  ground  would  be  en- 
countered during  the  sinking  of  their 
shafts.  They  decided  to  go  through  the 
fiVst  zone  by  freezing  the  ground  and 
through  the  second  zone  by  forcing  ce- 
ment into  the  ground.  Both  processes  re- 
quire boring  33  to  39  holes  placed  1  m. 
apart  around  the  shaft.  Three  or  four 
holes  are  bored  at  the  same  time. 

Such  work  is  long  and  costly.  In  con- 
sequence the  mining  companies  were  or- 
ganized with  a  large  capital,  averaging  5 
or  6  million  dollars  for  each  company.  It 
is  estimated  that  5  to  6  years  will  elapse 
before  the  companies  will  produce  regu- 
larly. 


MiCOLLlERY- NOTES  IH 


The  practice  of  firing  shots  by  means 
of  opening  a  safety  lamp  should  be  pro-     j 
hibited  by  the  laws  of  each  State.  ' 

The  purchase  of  coal  by  specification 
is  an  important  step  toward  the  conser- 
vation of  our  national  mineral  resources, 
for  it  results  in  an  increased  use  of  the 
lower  grades  of  coal.  The  poorer  coals 
find  a  market  by  competing  with  the 
better  grades,  not  only  as  to  the  price 
per  ton,  but  as  to  the  cost  of  an  equal 
number  of  heat  units. 

During  the  year  ending  Mar.  4.  1910, 
the  coal-land  withdrawal  made  by  the 
Government  amounted  to  7,675,000  acres. 
The  new  regulations  which  went  into 
effect  April  10,  1909,  for  the  classifica- 
tion and  valuation  of  coal  lands,  have 
effected  a  material  increase  in  both  thfi 
sale  price  and  the  reported  area  of  Fed- 
eral coal  lands.  For  example,  in  eight 
widely  separated  western  townships,  the 
increase  in  area,  estmated  under  the  new 
laws,  amounted  to  over  100  per  cent., 
and  in  price  of  over  600  per  cent. 

Indications  now  point  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Government  rescue  station  at 
Birmingham,  Ala.  It  has  also  been  de-, 
finitely  decided  to  build  a  mine-rescue 
sation  at  McAlester,  Okla.  The  building 
to  house  this  latter  station,  exclusive  of^ 
furniture  and  fixtures,  will  cost  ,S8275. 
This  sum  has  been  subscribed  by  the 
mine  operators  of  the  Mc.Mester  district, 
and  the  several  towns  and  cities  inter- 
ested in  the  coal-mining  industry  in  that 
part  of  the  State.  The  furniture  and 
fixtures  will  also  be  furnished  by  local 
subscription.  The  Federal  Government 
will  supply  the  oxygen  helmets  and  other 
apparatus,  for  the  purpose  of  instruc- 
tion, and  will  pay  the  instructor  regularly' 
stationed   there. 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


133 


i      PERSONAL      i 


Miulng  and  nii-talUirglcal  engineers  are  In 
Tiled  to  keep  Tub  IOngineerino  and  Mininu 
JuL'HNAL  Informed  ol'  iheir  movements  and 
appulntnients. 

F.  F.  Sharpless  has  returned  from 
Africa. 

A.  H.  Wethey,  of  Butte,  Mont.,  has 
been  visiting  New  York. 

A.  Grothe  is  now  in  London  and  ex- 
pects to  return  to  Mexico  in  September. 

Cyrus  Robinson  sailed  from  New  York 
for  Europe  July  13,  on  professional  busi- 
ness. 

F.  M.  Kurie  left  Philadelphia  July  9  to 
inspect  mines  in  the  Kootenay  district  of 
British  Columbia. 

R.  M.  Shannon,  of  Pittsburg,  has  been 
visiting  the  new  natural  gas  district  in 
Fayette  county,  Alabama. 

Percy  E.  Raymond,  of  Pittsburg,  has 
been  appointed  paleontologist  for  the 
Canadian  Geological  Survey. 

J.  A.  Beam,  of  Bethlehem,  Penn.,  re- 
cently inspected  a  number  of  iron  prop- 
erties near  Loon  Lake,  Ontario. 

Louis  A.  Wright  has  the  sympathy  of 
many  friends  in  the  loss  of  his  wife,  who 
died  June  30,  at  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

Thomas  Riorden,  of  New  York,  is  look- 
ing after  some  properties  in  which  he  is 
interested,  at  Sturgeon  Lake,  Ontario. 

J.  E.  Dwelle,  of  Denver,  Colo.,  re- 
cently visited  some  of  the  larger  zinc 
mines  in  the  Kootenay  district,  British 
Columbia. 

Louis  F.  Gates  has  accepted  the  posi- 
tion of  superintendent  of  mines  for  the 
Ray  Consolidated  Copper  Company,  at 
Ray,  Arizona. 

Francis  C.  Lincoln,  consulting  mining 
engineer  and  geologist.  New  York,  has 
gone  to  Arizona  and  Northern  Mexico  on 
professional  work. 

Dyke  V.  Keedy  and  Carl  F.  Dietz,  of 
the  firm  of  Dietz  &  Keedy,  of  Boston, 
have  gone  to  Virginia  on  some  profes- 
sional examinations. 

Stanley  C.  Sears  has  been  appointed 
:echnical  manager  of  the  Mexico  Consol- 
dated  Mining  and  Smelting  Company,  at 
3uanacevi,  Durango,  Mexico. 

Edgar  Stansfield,  of  Montreal,  has  re- 

'"■'cd     the     appointment    of    analytical 

nisf  in  the  Alines  Branch  of  the  Can- 

idian  Department  of  Mines. 

Arthur  L.  Pearse,  of  Pearse,  Kingston 

•  rowne,  has  now  returned  to  London 

'  Alaska.    Gerald  M.  Browne,  of  the 

c  firm,  has  left  New  York  for  an  in- 

tion  trip  in  Mexico. 

B.  McClary  has  been  chosen  general 

|iianagcr  of  the  Yolande  Coal  and  Coke 

.ompany.  at  Yol.-inde,  Ala.,  in  place  of 

<1.  J.  Falls,  who  has  gone  to  the  Provi- 

jeiice  Oil  and  Gas  Company. 

I  Arthur  Wade  left  London   for  Turkey 


June  25,  to  report  on  oil  properties  on  be- 
half of  the  Anglo-Ottoman  Oilfields,  Ltd., 
for  which  Hooper,  Speak  &  Feilding  have 
been  appointed  consulting  engineers. 

Reuben  W.  Leonard,  president  of  the 
Coniagas  Mining  Company,  has  been  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  governors  of  Toronto 
University,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  Prof.  Goldwin  Smith. 

E.  Hibbert,  for  several  years  superin- 
tendent for  Le  Roi  No.  2,  Ltd.,  at  Ross- 
land,  B.  C,  has  succeeded  Paul  S.  Could- 
rey  as  superintendent  of  the  British  Co- 
lumbia Copper  Company's  Mother  Lode 
mine,  near  Greenwood. 

R.  E.  Tremeroux  has  left  the  employ  of 
the  North  Star  Mines  Company,  at  Grass 
Valley,  Cal.,  to  take  charge  of  the  erec- 
tion and  operation  of  a  cyanide  plant  for 
the  Mikado  mine,  in  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods  district,  Ontario. 

Dr.  T.  L.  Walker,  of  the  University  of 
Toronto,  Ontario,  is  in  British  Columbia, 
in  connection  with  an  investigation  of 
the  molybdenum  deposits  of  Canada  he 
is  making  for  the  Mines  Branch  of  the 
Canada  Department  of  Mines. 

Prof.  Robert  Peele,  of  Columbia  School 
of  Mines,  New  York,  sails  on  July  16  for 
Naples,  on  his  way  to  South  Africa, 
where  he  expects  to  spend  a  six  months' 
leave  of  absence  in  the  observation  of 
mining  practice  in  that  district. 

John  Greenway,  for  several  years  past 
connected  with  the  Oliver  Iron  Mining 
Company  in  Minnesota,  has  been  ap- 
pointed general  manager  of  the  Calumet 
&  Arizona  Mining  Company  at  Bisbee, 
Arizona,  in  place  of  L.  W.  Powell,  who 
has  resigned. 

Prof.  J.  F.  Kemp,  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, New  York,  is  on  his  way  to 
Stockholm,  Sweden,  to  attend  the  next 
convention  of  the  International  Geologic 
Congress.  Professor  Kemp  expects  to  pre- 
sent papers  on  the  old  crystalline  rocks 
of   the    Adirondack   mountains. 

W.  L.  Coulson,  of  Somerset.  Penn., 
formerly  in  charge  of  coal  mines  in  Vir- 
ginia, Kentucky  and  Pennsylvania,  has 
been  appointed  general  manager  for  the 
Canadian  Collieries  (Dunsmuir)  Ltd., 
which  recently  acquired  the  Wellington 
Colliery  Company  collieries  on  Vancouver 
island,  British  Columbia. 

H.  Harris,  formerly  superintendent  of 
the  Hal!  Mining  and  Smelting  Company's 
works  at  Nelson,  B.  C,  and  of  the  Brown- 
Alaska  Company's  works,  at  Hadley, 
Prince  of  Wales  Island,  Alaska,  is  now 
general  manager  for  the  Tasmanian 
Smelting  Company,  Ltd.,  at  Zeelian,  Tas- 
mania, where  he  also  has  charge  of  two 
mines. 


pector  and  Indian  fighter  in  the  early 
days  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona.  He 
was  one  of  the  discoverers  of  the  copper 
mines  at  Clifton  and  Metcalfe  in  Arizona, 
and  realized  a  considerable  sum  from  the 
sale  of  his  claims,  but  later  lost  most  of 
it  through  unfortunate  investments. 

Monsignor  Joseph  C.  K.  Laflamme,  for 
30  years  professor  of  geology  and  physics 
at  Laval  University,  Quebec,  died  on  July 
6  aged  61  years.  He  was  a  native  of  Dor- 
chester county,  Quebec,  was  ordained  a 
priest  in  1872.  He  joined  the  profes- 
sional staff  of  Laval  at  an  early  age.  His 
geological  researches  and  investigations 
in  electrical  science  won  him  speedy 
recognition  in  the  scientific  world,  and 
he  was  the  recipient  of  many  honors  from 
abroad.  He  was  made  a  member  of  the 
Societe  Geologique  de  France  and  the 
Societe  Frangaise  de  Physique,  and  took 
a  prominent  part  in  the  deliberations  of 
the  International  Geographical  Congress 
at  St.  Petersburg  in  1897,  of  which  body 
he  was  elected  vice-president.  Monsignor 
Laflamme  did  much  work  with  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Canada  before  entering 
the  priesthood.  He  was  highly  esteemed 
by  Canadian  geologists  both  for  his  per- 
sonal and  professional  qualities,  and  was 
an  active  member  of  the  Canadian  Min- 
ing Institute. 


^  SOClETIESan ^TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


+  1  OB  ITUARV     if 


James  K.  Metcalfe  died  at  his  home 
near  Silver  City,  N.  M.,  July  1,  aged  86 
\fars.     He  was  widely  known  as  a  pros- 


American  Peat  Society — The  fourth 
annual  meeting  will  be  held  July  2-27  at 
Ottawa,  Canada. 

University  of  Pittsburg — The  follow- 
ing appointments  have  been  made  upon 
the  instructional  staff  of  the  School  of 
Mines  during  the  present  year:  A.  E.  Ort- 
mann,  professor  of  Physical  Geography; 
P.  E.  Raymond,  professor  of  Invertebrate 
Paleontology;  S.  L.  Goodale,  assistant 
professor  of  Metallurgy;  L.  K.  Acker, 
instructor  in  Mineralogy  and  Geology; 
G.  T.  Haldeman,  instructor  in  Mining; 
Earl  Douglass,  instructor  in  Vertebrate 
Paleontology;  H.  B.  Meller,  instructor  in 
Mining;  Dr.  A.  B.  Wallgren,  lecturer  on 
First  Aid  to  the  Injured;  Alexander  Sil- 
verman, lecturer  upon  Glass  Manufacture 
and  in  charge  of  Glass  Research;  W.  F. 
Fischer,  assistant  in  Petrography;  N.  L. 
Estabrook,  assistant  in  Mineralogy;  J.  B. 
Keller,  assistant  in  Assaying. 

The  year  has  been  extended  to  four 
terms  of  12,  12,  II  and  10  weeks  each, 
so  that  a  student  can  complete  his  course 
by  working  any  three  of  the  terms  each 
year.  He  may  also  complete  his  work 
and  graduate  in  three  years  if  he  takes 
four  terms  a  year.  A  student  can  sub- 
stitute a  year  of  practical  work  done  un- 
der the  school's  direction  for. one  year 
of  the  usual  class  and  laboratory  work, 
and  in  this  way  graduate  in  three  years. 
Some  S3.s,000  worth  of  material  has  been 
added  to  the  equipment  during  the  last 
year. 


134 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      ]V[ai\y      Important 

-<     Mining     Centers    of^     tKe  'World       -^ 


San  Francisco 
]uly  9 — As  was  expected  the  smeltery 
of  the  Bully  Hill  Copper  Company  at 
Winthrop,  closed  for  an  indefinite  period 
on  June  30.  Four  hundred  men  are 
thrown  out  of  work.  It  is  the  purpose  of 
the  company  to  continue  operations  on 
the  Rising  Star  and  on  the  Copper  City 
properties,  the  Winthrop  and  the  Baxter, 
but  operations  will  be  very  materially 
curtailed. 

The  San  Francisco  Stock  Exchange  is 
increasing  its  activities  in  the  line  of  oil- 
company  stocks.  Both  producing  and  non- 
producing  companies  are  now  accepted 
for  listing,  but  a  close  scrutiny  of  all  ap- 
plications is  being  made  so  that  only  com- 
panies properly  organized  and  in  ap- 
proved territory  are  accepted.  The  ex- 
change has  also  appointed  a  field  agent 
to  gather  information  concerning  the  oil 
industry  of  the  State  for  the  benefit  of 
the  members.  It  is  planned  to  cooper- 
ate with  the  Los  Angeles  exchange  in 
making  uniform  rules  for  the  listing  of 
oil  stocks.  Fifty  new  applications  for 
listing  of  oil  stocks  have  been  made. 

The  attorneys  of  the  Anti-debris  As- 
sociation have  prepared  papers  to  enjoin 
certain  dredging  companies  in  Butte 
county  from  depositing  debris  into  Hon- 
cut  creek  and  the  Feather  river. 

The  Sierra  San  Francisco  Power  Com- 
pany has  authorized  the  issuance  of 
S6,500,000  of  first  mortgage  5  per  cent, 
bonds  EC  rs  to  enlarge  its  plant  and  ex- 
tend its  facilities.  The  principal  power 
station  is  on  the  Stanislaus  river  north  of 
Scnora,  Tuolumne  county  and  the  power 
line  passes  through  Vallecito,  Angels 
Camp,  Ccpperopolis  and  other  mining 
towns  and  thence  around  the  southern 
end  of  San  Francisco  bay.  Two  other 
plants  bring  the  available  power  up  to 
50.000  h.p..  It  is  possible  to  increase 
the  system  to  90,000  horsepower. 

After  a  number  of  years  neglect,  there 
seems  to  be  a  revival  of  interest  in  the 
gravel  deposits  in  this  State.  The  old 
prehistoric  river  channels  which  traverse 
so  many  counties  from  Butte  county  on 
the  north  to  Mariposa  county  on  the 
south,  are  now  being  looked  up.  It  is 
not  intended  to  do  any  hydraulicking  on 
any  large  scale,  as  it  is  only  where  there 
is  no  lava  cap  that  this  may  be  done. 
The  laws  also  are  so  strict  in  connec- 
tion with  tliis  work  that  men  do  not  care 
tc.  invest  in  a  form  of  mining  in  which 
they  are  subject  to  constant  supervision 
and  annoyance.  But  the  lava-capped  di- 
vides, which  conceal  these  gravel  chan- 
nels,  may    be   pierced    with    tunnels   and 


the    gravel    may    be    "drifted"    out    and 
washed.     Generally  speaking,  drift  min- 
ing is  an  expensive  operation,  as  the  bed- 
rock tunnels  are  costly  and  take  time  to 
run   before   the   gravel   is   reached.     The 
tunnel  may   be  too   high   or  may   be   too 
low  to  get  at  the  richest  of  the  gravel  in 
an  economical  manner.     There  are  risks, 
too,  that  they   may   strike   a  barren   por- 
ton  of  the  channel,  though  this  is  the  ex- 
ception.    Many  of  these  gravel  channels 
now  being  drifted  are  paying  well,  espe- 
cially those  recently  opened,  so  that  capi- 
talists  are   again  being   attracted   to   this 
system    of    gold    mining.      The    general 
course   of  the   channels   are   pretty    well 
known,  though  the  detail  of  the  turns  and 
windings  are  matters  of  conjecture,  only 
to  be  determined  by  prospecting,  and  ex- 
pensive   prospecting,    too.      Drift    mining 
is  no  poor  man's  work.     In  some  cases  it 
has  taken   from   three  to   five  years   and 
even    more,    to    run    the    bedrock    tunnel 
to  tap  the  channel  in  a   favorable  place, 
and    during   this   period    it    is    all    outgo, 
with  no  hope  of  any  reward  until  the  pay 
gravel  in  the  channel  is  found.     It  takes 
patience,  money  and  hard  work  to  prop- 
erly  open   a  drift  mine   in  most  places, 
especially  on  the  great  divides  in  such 
counties  as  Placer,  where  the  most  exten- 
sive    drift     mines    are     worked.      Butte 
county   is   coming   to  the    front   again    in 
this   class  of  mining,   a   number  of   new 
enterprises  having  lately  been  started. 


Denver 
July  11 — In  the  coalfield  north  of  Den- 
ver, the  strike,  which  has  been  on  for 
three  months,  is  still  unsettled,  but  the 
operators  are  makmg  an  output  equal  to 
the  demand,  and  are  opening  their  mines 
preparatory  to  a  heavy  winter  production. 
Of  the  3000  striking  union  miners,  most 
of  them  have  found  employment  in  other 
fields,  so  it  is  generally  conceded  that  the 
strike  has  been  a  failure. 

In  the  Creede  camp  the  Amethyst  mine, 
one  of  the  early  and  first  great  producers 
of  that  camp,  the  development  of  which 
has  been  long  hampered  by  vexatious  liti- 
gation, is  now  likely  to  be-  fully  de- 
veloped and  worked  again  by  the  parent 
company.  Nicholas  Creede,  from  whom 
the  camp  was  named,  who  was  grub- 
staked by  Major  L.  F.  Campbell  dis- 
covered the  mine.  D.  H.  Moffat  and 
Sylvester  T.  Smith  then  became  inter- 
ested, and  these  gentlemen  furnished  the 
capital  which  developed  the  mine  into  a 
big  producer,  it  being  credited  with  a 
gross  output  to  date  of  about  $7,000,000, 
A  big  cavein  occurred   and   Creede,  who 


had  become  wealthy,  declined  to  stand 
his  share  of  the  expense  of  fixing  up  the 
mine,  and  transferred  his  stock  to  th. 
above  parties.  Creede  died  in  Los  Angeles 
m  1897,  and  in  1899  John  F.  Jones,  on 
behalf  of  the  heirs,  started  a  suit  to  re- 
cover the  stock,  alleging  that  it  has  been 
obtained  by  fraud.  Judge  Phillips  has 
now  directed  that  the  bill  be  dismissed. 

The  properties  of  the  El  Paso  Con- 
solidated Mining  Company,  on  Beacon 
hill,  in  the  Cripple  Creek  district,  which 
are  the  first  to  be  unwatered  by  the  deep 
drainage  tunnel,  produced  in  June  under 
the  leasing  system  approximately  2500 
tons,  the  average  gold  content  of  which 
was  about  S30  per  ton.  There  are  40 
sets  of  lessees  in  the  mines.  Drilling  of 
the  8-in.  hole  to  connect  with  the  drain 
age  tunnel  has  been  commenced.  It  i~ 
14,484  ft.  from  the  portal  of  the  Ro-se 
velt  (more  commonly  known  as  the  Deer 
Drainage)  tunnel  to  a  point  65- ft.  east  o; 
the  El  Paso  shaft,  14,000  ft.  of  which  hns 
been  completed,  leaving  only  about  484 
ft.  to  be  driven.  Colonel  Roosevelt  \> ' 
be  here  about  the  time  that  work  is  tii 
ished,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  releasing: 
of  the  subterranean  waters  by  the  turn 
ing  of  a  valve  will  be  placed  in  the  hand- 
of  the  ex-President  an  event  which  /'I 
be  duly  celebrated. 

Stratton's  Independence,  Ltd.,  mill  i- 
running  at  full  capacity  on  the  ore-'ioiis; 
dump.  The  grade  of  the  ore  has  in 
proved  and  is  now  about  $3.50  per  \m\ 
The  tonnage  treated  in  June  amounted  i 
7500,  the  highest  month's  run  so  f;i 
made. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  output  of  \\v 
Leadville  district  is  about  10,000  tons  pi 
month   ahead  of  last  year,  the  total  b 
ing   about   60,000  tons  per  month.     1 
average  value  is  given  at  about  .•>720,(ii! 
per  month. 


Butte 

./((/y  10  The  Butte,  Boise  &  San  Fran 
Cisco  Railroad  Company  filed  its  article  ■ 
July  1.  State  Senator  W.  H.  Haviland,  e  , 
Butte,  is  president,  T.  Tomich,  of  Butii 
vice-president,  V.  S.  Ruelens,  of  Pari- 
France,  treasurer,  and  T.  H.  McCabe,  > 
Butte,  secretary.  The  board  of  directoi 
is  composed  of  W.  H.  Haviland,  1 
Tomich,  F.  E.  Haviland,  C.  McLaughlii 
T.  H.  McCabe,  James  E.  Murray  an 
V.  S.  Ruclcns.  The  company  is  capitalize^ 
at  $25,000,000  with  250,000  shares  of  th 
par  value  of  $100.  The  purpose  for  whic 
the  company  is  formed  is  to  constriu 
and  operate  a  line  of  railway  from  Bin 
throuch  Idaho,  Oregon,  Nevada  and  Calt 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


135 


t'ornia  to  San  Francisco.  Senator  Havi- 
land  states  that  a  construction  company 
with  a  capitalization  of  SI, 000,000  has 
been  formed  in  Philadelphia  with  V.  S. 
Ruelens  at  its  head  and  that  this  com- 
pany will  receive  the  contracts  for  build- 
ing the   road. 

The  Northwestern  Metals  Company  will 
build  a  .SOO-ton  plant  at  Helena  on  the 
site  of  the  old  Peck  concentrator  midway 
between  Helena  and  East  Helena.  The 
first  unit,  which,  it  is  planned  will  be  in 
operation  within  eight  months,  will  have 
a  capacity  of  100  tons  daily.  The  Baker- 
Burwell  process  will  be  used  at  the  plant 
and  refractory  ores  from  Montana  and 
Idaho  will  be  treated. 

The  United  States  Assay  office  at 
Helena  reports  the  receipts  of  precious 
metals  during  June  in  the  sum  of  $153,- 
916  of  which  all  but  $1857  was  mined  in 
Montana.  Fergus  county  leads  with  $58,- 
632  and  Madison  county  is  second  with 
340,732. 

Salt  Lake  City 

July  II  —  Notwithstanding  the  lower 
price  of  copper  and  the  generally  quiet 
condition  of  the  mining  industry,  more 
ore  is  being  shipped  from  Utah  mines 
than  was  marketed  in  the  same  period 
during  1909.  This  is  shown  by  the  divi- 
dends paid,  but  is  not  evidenced  in  the 
current  quotations  and  dealings  on  the 
Salt  Lake  Mining  Exchange.  Regular 
shipments  are  being  maintained  from 
nearly  all  of  the  camps,  including  con- 
signments from  many  of  the  smaller  pro- 
ducers. Bullion  settlements  have  con- 
tinued to  increase.  For  the  week  ended 
June  4,  McCornick  &  Co.  reported  ,$890,- 
000  paid  out  for  bullion,  while  during 
the  corresponding  week  of  1909,  the 
amount  was  S625,000.  During  April  and 
May,  the  increase  in  bullion  settlements 
was  proportionally  greater. 

For  the  first  six  months  of  1910,  Utah 
mining  companies  paid  $4,382,552  in 
dividends.  This  is  proportionally  larger 
than  the  dividends  during  1909,  which 
amounted  to  $7,103,642  for  the  entire 
year.  Both  of  the  above  figures  include 
dividends  by  the  United  States  Mining 
and  Smelting  Company,  a  part  of  which 
cannot  be  accredited  to  Utah.  If  the  pres- 
ent rate  of  production  and  dividends  are 
maintained  for  the  balance  of  the  year, 
the  dividi-nds  for  1910  will  be  over  a 
million  and  a  half  greater  than  those  for 
1909. 

In  contrast  to  the  above,  trading  and 
quotations  on  the  Salt  Lake  Mining  Ex- 
change show  a  marked  decline.  During 
the  first  six  months  of  1910,  9,526,785 
shares  of  stock,  having  a  market  value 
nf  $2,856,191  were  traded  in,  against  21,- 
205,035  shares  of  a  market  value  of  $11,- 
681,354   for  the  same  months  of  1909. 

The  new  power  plant  of  the  Gold 
Springs  Mining  and  Power  Company,  at 
Modcna,  was  placed  in  operation  June 
30,  and  is  reported  to  he  running  smooth- 


ly. Producer  gas,  made  from  slack  coal, 
is  used.  The  current  was  received  at 
the  Jennie  mine  at  Gold  Springs,  and 
used  to  run  the  new  hoist.  The  mill  and 
compressor  will  be  driven  by  this  power 
and  it  is  expected  that  they  will  be  placed 
in  commission  during  the  next  two  weeks. 
Power  will  be  furnished  to  other  mines 
in  the  neighborhood  and  increased  activ- 
ity in  the  Gold  Springs  district  will  re- 
sult. 

Golcifield 

July  10 — In  compliance  with  the  de- 
mands of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange, 
which  has  recently  listed  Goldfield  Con-' 
solidated  stock,  the  company  is  having  a 
new  issue  of  stock  certificates  made,  the 
maximum  denomination  to  be  100  shares. 
Dividend  checks  aggregating  $1,800,000 
are  also  in  course  of  preparation  for 
mailing  July  31. 

The  following  officers  have  been  elected 
by  Nevada  Hills  stockholders:  George 
Wingfield,  president;  James  R.  Davis, 
vice-president;  C.  F.  Burton,  secretary 
and  treasurer;  W.  H.  Webber,  Charles 
E  Knox,  John  A.  Kirby  and  J.  T,  Hod- 
son,  additional  directors.  The  capitaliza- 
tion has  been  increased  to  1,250,000 
shares,  enabling  the  company  to  take 
over  the  Fairview-Eagle  property  and 
likewise  finance  the  concentrating  plant 
which  is  to  be  constructed  at  once. 

Toronto 

July  10— The  itinerary  of  the  recently 
appointed  government  commission  on 
technical  education  has  been  arranged. 
The  first  sitting  will  be  held  in  Halifax, 
N.  S,,  beginning  July  18,  and  the  com- 
mission will  remain  in  the  .Maritime  prov- 
inces until  Aug.  24.  After  visiting  the 
Toronto  Industrial  Exhibition,  it  will  hold 
sittings  in  Quebec  province  from  Sept. 
13  to  the  end  of  the  month.  From  that 
time  until  Nov.  16  will  be  devoted  to 
Ontario.  The  Commission  will  then  go 
west,  remaining  until  the  end  of  January, 
and  visiting  several  American  cities  on 
the  return  trip.  Early  in  February  it  will 
go  to  the  Eastern  States  and  then  sail 
for    Europe. 

A  return  issued  by  the  Ontario 
Bureau  of  .Mines  gives  the  output 
of  the  metalliferous  mines  and"  works 
nf  the  province  for  the  three  months 
ended    March   31,   as    follows: 

<)nantlt.v.  Valiio. 

Silver,     i.z (i..tnn.027  .<:i,n41  .l.'.i! 

Cnlmlt.    tons* 7S  14.4s.'-, 

i'i)|«|)<'i'.     ton« 2,401  .■t.'>-,074 

Niokcl.     Ions .'..a.'O  1,1S1.024 

Inin    "IP.    Ions 6,7.'i."  1.">.0:!4 

I'll:    lion,    liin.s 10n,71.S  1,7.')(l,:f'.1i! 

$6,300,171 
The  royal  mint  at  Ottawa  received  on 
June  25  the  largest  amount  of  gold  bul- 
lion that  ever  came  to  the  city,  consist- 
ing of  11,151  oz.  of  gold  from  the  Yu- 
kon valued  at  $185,000.     It  was  collected 

•iinl.v  till'  iiilmll  llml  is  paiil  I'm-  i-;  iii- 
(■Iii<lp(i. 


by   the   Bank  of  British   North   America 
and  will  be  coined  into  sovereigns. 

In  the  annual  report  of  the  Canadian 
Geological  Survey,  just  issued,  one  im- 
portant report  is  by  D.  B.  Dowling  re- 
garding the  discovery  of  a  new  coal  basin 
reaching  60  miles  north  from  the  Sas- 
katchewan to  the  sources  of  the  McLeod 
river,  together  with  a  coal-bearing  hori- 
zon of  smaller  area  east  of  the  Bighorn 
range   in   Alberta. 

Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Julv  6 — The  British  steamer  Riverdale 
recently  brought  from  Hanyang,  China, 
to  the  Western  Steel  Corporation  works, 
at  Irondale,  Wash.,  5000  tons  of  iron 
ore  and  1500  tons  of  pig  iron.  The  cor- 
poration has  made  a  contract  under 
which  it  is  to  receive  from  Hanyang  a 
minimum  of  100,000  tons  of  pig  iron 
and  72,000  tons  of  iron  ore  per  year. 
The  Western  Steel  Corporation  has  an 
authorized  capital  of  $20,000,000,  of 
which  $5,000,000  is  preferred  and  $15,- 
000,000  common  stock.  At  the  head  of 
ir  is  James  A.  Moore,  of  Seattle,  with 
whom  are  associated  G.  Henry  Whit- 
comb,  of  Worcester,  Mass.;  Herbert  E. 
Law,  and  Robert  Dollar,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco; J.  E.  Chilberg  and  Jacob  Furth,  of 
Seattle,  and  others.  Its  enterprise  has 
been  in  course  of  development  for  two 
or  three  years,  and  lately  its  manufactur- 
ing operations  were  commenced  by  the 
blowing  in  of  two  open-hearth  furnaces, 
while  a  third  is  ready  for  use. 

The  company's  properties  include,  be- 
side the  newly  erected  works  at  Iron- 
dale,  the  following:  On  Quatsino  sound, 
Vancouver  island,  30  mineral  claims, 
comprising  KSOO  acres,  on  which  devel- 
opment is  said  to  show  much  bog  iron 
ore;  deposits  of  magnetite  on  Barkley 
sound,  Vancouver  island,  and  on  Pitt 
island,  British  Columbia;  20,500  acres  of 
coal  on  Graham  island,  of  the  Queen 
Charlotte  group;  a  magnesite  deposit  at 
Atlin,  B.  C. ;  2000  acres  of  leased  coal 
at  Ashford,  Pierce  county,  and  a  lime- 
stone quarry  in  Skagit  county,  in  Wash- 
ington. It  is  planned  to  also  establish 
and  operate  works  in  British  Columbia, 
and  the  cooperation  of  several  men  en- 
gaged in  large  industrial  enterprises  of 
Vancouver,   B,  C,  has  been  obtained. 

Announcement  has  been  made  that 
operations  at  the  Dunsmuir  coal  mines,  on 
Vancouver  island,  are  to  be  largely  in- 
creased. Four  new  mines  are  to  be 
opened,  two  at  Cumberland  (Comox  col- 
liery) and  two  at  Extension.  Maximum 
production  in  any  year  was  that  for  1909, 
namely,  912,000  short  tons.  The  plans 
of  the  new  company,  which  lately  ac- 
quired the  Wellington  colliery  (  Dunsmuir) 
properties,  include  an  increase  of  pro- 
duction to  2,000,000  tons.  W.  L.  Coul- 
son,  manager,  estimates  this  production 
will  be  practicable  within  2'..  years.  The 
C.''"f5-'-an  Collieries,  Ltd.,  is  associated 
with  the  Canadian   Northern   Railwav. 


136 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


^TTrfT 


y 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X     X 


Reports  of  Ne>v  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property- 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining" 


Alaska"! 

Reports  received  from  the  old  Innoko 
-camp  estimate  the  year's  output  in  that 
district  at  $400,000.  Frequent  strikes  are 
reported  in  adjacent  territory  of  the  In- 
noko, as  well  as  in  the  Haiditarod  and 
Kuskokwim  districts.  Many  prospectors, 
who  went  to  the  Haiditarod  field,  which 
is  overcrowded,  are  going  across  the  di- 
vide to  the  Kuskokwim. 

Braham — Rich  ore  has  been  uncovered 
on  this  property  on  the  Kotsina  river.  A 
100-ft.  tunnel  has  been  driven,  and  the 
mine  will  be  equipped  with  machinery. 
D.  H.  Jonas  is  manager. 

Apollo — This  property,  on  the  Alaska 
peninsula,  will  be   reopened. 

E//amar— Operations  at  this  mine  in 
the  Prince  William  Sound  district  are  de- 
layed on  account  of  water. 

Dunton — M.  K.  Rodgers,  of  Seattle,  is 
working  a  small  vein  of  ore  yielding  high 
in  gold,  an  extension  of  the  Cracker  Jack 
vein,  on  Prince  of  Wales  island,  Ketch- 
ikan district.  Ore  is  being  put  through 
a  5-stamp  mill. 


control  of  each  company  will  be  retained 
as  heretofore.  Each  company  will  re- 
ceive a  pro  rata  share  of  the  refined  yield, 
based  upon  the  ore  contributions  of  each. 

Maricopa  County 
Vulture — Angus  R.  Mackay,  engineer 
in  charge,  states  that  the  first  unit  of  the 
new  1600-lb.  stamp  mill,  with  its  cyanide 
annex,  is  completed.  This  will  give  Vul- 
ture 40  operating  stamps  with  a  capa- 
city of  125  tons  daily. 


Arizona 

Gila  County 
Summit — Extensive  repairing  of  the 
buildings  constituting  the  camp  of  the 
Summit  company,  has  been  completed 
and  the  force  is  now  engaged  in  making 
ready  for  the  resumption  of  sinking  at  the 
vertical  main  shaft,  already  268  ft.  deep. 
T.  W.  Hamilton,  superintendent  of  the 
■Cactus  company,  will  be  manager. 

Cactus — The  first  two  churn  drill  holes 
on  the  property,  200  ft.  apart  and  several 
hundred  feet  northeast  of  the  Hamilton 
shaft,  where  the  development  work  to 
date  has  been  done,  encountered  heavy 
flows  of  water,  but  no  copper-bearing 
schist.  These  holes  were  not  put  down  in 
the  expectation  of  finding  ore,  but  for  the 
purpose  of  proving  that  no  ore  under- 
lies this  part  of  the  property,  where  the 
main  working  shaft  will  be  sunk  in  the 
near  future.  The  first  hole  attained  500 
ft.  and  the  second,  hole  was  abandoned  at 
260  ft.  The  drill  is  now  working  in  the 
bed  of  Pinto  creek,  600  ft.  southeast  of 
the  Hamilton  shaft.  This  hole  has  just 
passed  into  schist  containing  a  small  per- 
centage of  copper  sulphide  at  100  feet. 

Graham  County 
It  is  reported  that  a  new  smeltery  will 
be  erected  for  joint  use  of  the  Shannon, 
•Detroit  and  Arizona  companies.     Officials 
of  the  three  corporations  have  been  con- 
ferring in   New  York.     The   identity  and 


California 
Amador  County 

Mitchell — Ten  stamps  will  be  added  the 
present  10-stamp  mill  of  this  mine  near 
Pine  Grove.     Development  is  being  done. 

Solano — This  new  company  including 
Reams  Brothers  and  George  Hoxie,  of 
Suisun.  has  bonded  the  Acosta  gravel 
claim  in  Robinson  district,  near  Volcano, 
and  is  building  a  cement  gravel  mill  for 
use  at  the  mine. 

Alameda  County 
The  Western   Magnesite   Company   has 
commenced  shipping   calcined    magnesite 
from  its  mines  on  Red  mountain  to  Liver- 
more. 

Butte  County 

Butte  Consolidated — The  390  acres  of 
mineral  ground  of  this  company  on  the 
Magalia  ridge,  including  the  Mineral 
Slide  mine  has  been  bought  by  Cohn  & 
Goodday  of  Magalia. 

Midas — Work  on  a  large  scale  on  this 
mine  at  Enterprise  will  be  commenced  by 
O.  B.  Lefurgey  and  E.  R.  Abadie,  of  San 
Francisco. 

Eldorado  County 

Alpine — This  mine  at  Georgetown  will 
shortly  be  started  with  50  or  60  men. 

Nevada  Ctunty 

Empire — This  company  at  Grass  Val- 
ley is  installing  two  large  Oliver  filters. 

North  Star — This  company  at  Grass 
Valley  has  purchased  the  Minnie  mine 
between  the  Gold  Hill  and  Peabody  prop- 
erties. The  company  is  also"  reopening 
the  Cincinnati  mine  and  installing  a  com- 
pressor. 

Montana — The  machinery  installed  at 
this  mine.  Willow  Valley,  W.  G.  Drown 
manager,  will  enable  the  company  to 
continue  sinking. 

Placer  County 

London  Placer  Development  Company 
— This  company  has  been  organized  to 
open  several  quartz  veins  cut  by  the  con- 


struction work  on  the  railway  cutoff  done 
by  the  Utah  Construction  Company.  J.  C. 
Hawver  and  W.  A.  Shepard,  of  Auburn,  are 
interested.  The  company  has  also  pur- 
chased the  property  of  Mrs.  G.  D.  Nichol 
near  Weimar  and  will  develop. 

Buckeye — The  Consolidated-Buckeye 
Company  has  settled  differences  and  will 
commence  work  on  this  mine,  near  Forest 
Hill. 

Cash  Rock — This  dredge  has  been 
completed  and  will  start  work  soon. 

Plumas  County 

West  Elizabeth — Coarse  gold,  in  quan- 
tities, is  being  taken  from  this  placer 
claim,  near  Poplar  Creek,  three  miles 
from  Johnsville,  by  J.  C.  Werner,  of 
Quincy. 

Sierra  County 

Irclan — At  this  mine  at  Alleghany. 
George  Hegarty  superintendent,  a  cross- 
cut is  being  driven  to  intersect  the  vein 
which  proved  so  rich  near  the  surface. 

Twin  Sisters — .At  this  mine  in  Snow 
Point  district,  a  number  of  men  are  driv- 
ing the  tunnel  on  the  vein  under  super- 
vision of  George  Hegarty. 

North  Star — Good  progress  is  reported 
in  reopening  the  old  drifts  in  this  placer 
mine  to  get  at  the  Uncle  Sam  vein. 

Omega — F.  W.  Rohrer  has  taken  a 
bond  and  lease  on  this  mine  near  Forest 
and  has  started  work. 

Gladstone — In  this  mine  at  Gibsonville. 
Charles  Root,  superintendent,  the  vein 
has  been  struck  and  2  ft.  of  high-grade 
ore  is  being  mined.  The  Rose  Quartz 
Mining  Company  is  about  to  erect  a  mill. 

Afterthought — In  this  mine,  at  Alle- 
ghany, owned  by  John  Carroll,  a  fine 
vein  of  excellent  ore  has  been  found 
The  vein  is  2'/j  ft.  wide. 

Lookout — Smith  &  Brockington,  op- 
erating this  mine,  at  Alleghany,  havt 
struck  a  lode  of  sulphide  ore.  Thi 
Lookout  joins  the  Tightner. 

Cleveland — The  cleanup  on  this  grave 
claim,  which  has  been  forced  to  closi 
down  for  lack  of  water,  was  $12,000. 

Bullion — A  rich  strike  of  gold  quart, 
has  been  made  on  this  property,  nea 
Sierra  City. 

Siskiyou  County 

Quiglcy~A.  W.  Graham,  of  Callahai 
has  interested  capital  in  this  mine  a 
Riverside  on  the  Klamath  river.  They  als' 
have  the  Daggett  placer  adjoining.  Nev 
machinery  is  being  hauled  in. 


Jul\    1(5,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


137 


Wright  &  Fletcher — John  C.  Burgess, 
of  Sacramento,  Ciiarles  Fry  of  Yreka, 
have  taken  an  option  on  this  property  and 
will  work  it  with  a  new  gravel  elevator  or 
dredger. 

Mo«o--This  company  is  adding  five 
stamps  to  its  present  mill  of  four  stamps. 

Doggelt-h'iddler — This  mine  at  Hum- 
bug gulch,  near  Yreka,  has  been  sold  to 
F.  H.  Osgood,  of  Seattle  and  sinking  has 
begun. 

Boggett — This  claim,  at  Oak  Bar,  has 
come  into  possession  of  Albert  C.  Aitken, 
who  will  commence  work  with  a  steam 
shovel. 

Shasta  County 
Uncle  Sam — The    Hazel    Gold    Mining 
Company  has  stopped  operations  at  this 
mine,  the  property  of  the  Virginia  Gold 
Mining  Company. 

Stanislaus  County 
Chilano — The  Durgan-Dodsworth  Min- 
ing Company  has  been  formed  to  work 
this  mine  near  Le  Grange.  C.  E.  Durgan, 
F.  R.  Dodsworth  and  others  of  James- 
town are  incorporators. 

Trinity  County 

French  capitalists  have  taken  under 
bond  a  number  of  placer  and  quartz 
properties  on  Indian  Creek  near  Weaver- 
ville,  embracing  1552  acres.  Some  are 
in  the  Dougles  City  district.  The  placers 
are  equipped  and  the  other  claims  will 
be  equipped. 

Headlight — In  addition  to  the  40-stamp 
mill  being  built  at  this  mine,  a  200-ton 
cyanide  plant  and  500-h.p.  hydroelectric 
power  plant  are  being  put  in. 

Colorado 

Lake  County — Leadville 
Little  Bob — Work  has  been  resumed 
on  this  property,  located  in  South  Evans 
gulch,  owned  by  George  Campion,  the 
idea  being  to  drive  to  find  the  extension 
of  the  rich  St.  Louis  vein. 

Si.  Louis — Believing  that  the  St.  Louis 
vein  extends  into  that  ground,  the  man- 
agement of  the  St.  Louis  tunnel  has  se- 
cured a  lease  on  the  north  750  ft.  of  the 
Fanny  Rawlins,  and  the  shaft  is  now  be- 
ing unwatered  and  retimbered  prepara- 
tory to  sinking. 

Big  Six — Shipments  of  $45  ore  are  be- 
ing made  from  the  4th  level  of  this  mine. 

Highland  Mary — Lessees  have  resumed 
work  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  and 
about  30  tons  per  diem  are  being  pro- 
duced from  stopes  on  both  sides  of  the 
shaft,  the  values  being  about  5  oz.  gold 
per  ton. 

Alps-Aztec— WoTk  on  this  tunnel,  now 
In  525  ft.,  has  been  resumed  after  a  short 
shutdown. 

Yak — The  tunnel  heading  is  now  in  the 
Diamond  property  and  is  being  pushed 
forward  steadily.  It  is  stated  that  the 
Resurrection   workings   have   been   com- 


pletely drained.  The  monthly  output  from 
the  tunnel  is  about  8000  tons. 

Yankee  Doodle — Lessees  operating  this 
mine  are  outputting  1000  tons  per  month 
of  a  good  grade  of  lead  carbonate  ore. 
Ouray  County 

Mineral  Farm — This  property,  which 
was  discovered  by  Gus  Begole,  in  1875,  is 
a  horizontal  deposit  of  large  extent  on  the 
hill  almost  in  the  town  of  Ouray.  It  will 
be  again  opened  and  worked  by  R.  J. 
Lucas,  of  St.  Louis,  the  owner.  The  ore  is 
lead  and  gray  copper,  both  high  in  silver. 
Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Isabella — In  June  this  company 
shipped  39  cars  of  ore  of  an  average 
value  of  $20  per  ton. 

Victor — The  Victor  mine,  operated  by 
the  Roscoe  Leasing  Company,  produced 
16  cars  of  ore  in  June;  average  value, 
$20  per  ton. 

Granite — Lessees  on  the  Granite  mine, 
at  Victor,  made  an  output  of  2500  tons 
in  June,  of  a  gross  value  of  approximate- 
ly 560,000. 

United  Mines— The  W.  P.  H.,  Mont- 
rose and  Damon,  on  Ironclad  hill,  are 
shipping  regularly,  the  ore  carrying  gold 
from  $25  to  S35  per  ton. 

Stration's  Independence — Results  for 
May  are:  Production,  2000  tons  averag- 
ing 21  dwt.  52  gr.  per  ton;  dump  ore 
milled,  6470  tons;  net  working  profit, 
$7000  less  special  development,  $1275. 

Mary  McKinney — Five  to  seven  cars 
of  ore  per  week  are  being  shipped  by  the 
Western  Investment  Company,  lessees. 
The  ore  averages  about  1  oz.  gold  per 
ton,  and  comes  from  the  650-ft.  level. 


of  about  1500.X600  ft.  Special  induce- 
ments and  privileges  will  be  offered  to 
individual  prospectors  desiring  to  work 
the  lots  or  claims  under  lease  and  bond. 
Leo  Von  Rosenberg,  of  New  York,  is 
consulting  engineer. 


Georgia 

McDuFFiE  County 
Work  has  been  resumed  at  the  Hamil- 
ton and  a  new  working  shaft  will  be  sunk 
immediately.  W.  H.  Fluker  is  superin- 
tendent. The  Parks  mine  and  mill  have 
been  in  operation  for  over  a  year,  also 
under  the  management  of  W.  H.  Fluker. 
The  Smith  vein,  which  was  once  a  good 
producer  of  gold,  will  be  developed  to 
greater  depth.  About  800  tons  of  the  tail- 
ings of  an  old  mill,  operated  many  years 
ago  have  recently  been  treated  by  the 
cyanide  process.  The  average  value  was 
$4.50  per  ton;  total  cost  of  treatment 
about  70c.  per  ton  (consumption  of  KCN 
per  ton  1!^  lb.  35c.;  labor  20c.;  Zn  and 
CaO  lOc;  miscellaneous  5c.)  The  800 
tons  yielded  $2400  (mint  returns).  The 
cyaniding  plant  is  being  run  by  J.  J. 
Fitzpatrick,  of  Butte,  Mont.  At  the  Co- 
lumbia, operations  will  be  resumed  in  the 
near  future.  Ten  stamps  will  be  added 
to  the  10-stamp  mill.  This  mine  is  450 
ft.  deep  on  the  incline  of  45  deg.  Several 
of  the  large  tracts  of  mining  lands  owned 
by  the  Columbia  Mining  Company,  which 
owns  the  Columbia  mine,  will  be  thrown 
opne  to  general  development.  They  will 
be  subdivided  into  smaller  lots  or  claims 


Idaho 

Cceur  d'Alenes 

Nearly  $1,500,000  has  been  paid  in 
dividends  by  six  shippers  in  the  Ccsur 
d'Alenes  during  the  first  six  months  of 
1910.  The  payments  are:  Bunker  Hill  & 
Sullivan  (lead-silver),  $451,000;  Federal 
(lead-silver),  $420,000;  Hercules  (lead- 
silver  I,  $300,000;  Snowstorm  (copper), 
$135,000;  Hecia  (lead-silver),  $60,000; 
Caledonia   (lead-silver),  $52,100. 

Success — A  new  oreshoot  has  been 
struck.  Four  feet  of  shipping  galena 
and  several  feet  of  concentrating  ore  has 
been  exposed.  The  shipping  ore  is  high 
in  lead  and  46  oz.  in  silver,  the  zinc 
being  but  a  small  part  of  the  ore. 

Morning — On  the  lowest  level  attained 
in  this  Federal  property,  1050  ft.,  a  drift 
from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  has  encoun- 
tered a  large  body  of  galena  under  the 
shoot  worked  on  the  No.  6  level. 

Bullion — This  company  will  begin  ship- 
ping from  its  mine,  between  St.  Regis  and 
Wallace,  in  September,  according  to 
James  H.  Taylor,  secretary,  who  also  an- 
nounces that  a  5-drill  compressor  will  be 
installed  and  that  it  is  proposed  to  add  a 
small  mill  early  next  spring. 

Idora — John  Winkle,  president,  will  be- 
gin work  on  the  O.  K.  property,  St.  Regis 
district,  in  August.   There  are  six  claims. 

Cedar  Creek — Drifts  have  been  run 
either  way  from  the  crosscut  which 
opened  up  several  feet  of  galena  ore.  The 
faces  of  both  drifts  show  7  ft.  of  ore, 
part  shipping  quality.  This  strike  caused 
the  most  excitement  in  the  district  of  any 
strike  this  year. 

Morning — This  mine  of  the  Federal 
company  recently  exposed  in  the  shaft  3 
ft.  of  shipping  galena,  5  ft.  of  high- 
grade  concentrates  and  3  ft.  of  low-grade 
milling  ore.  The  ore  is  almost  free  of 
the  iron. 

Monarch — This  north-side  lead-silver 
property  is  shipping  six  cars  of  concen- 
trates monthly.  The  concentrates  average 
60  per  cent.  lead.  The  mill  is  working  70 
tons  of  ore  daily.  The  ore  is  from 
development. 

Kansas  City  Reduction  Company — This 
company,  headed  by  C.  S.  Dudley,  of 
Minneapolis,  with  whom  are  associated 
Wallace  men,  has  constructed  a  tailings 
plant  to  work  the  dump  at  the  Morning 
mill.  Tests  are  being  made.  The  plant 
has  a  capacity  of  200  tons  daily.  The 
company  has  a  lease  on  the  tailings  dump 
to  Aug.  15,  1912.  Ten  per  cent,  of  the 
smeltery  returns  is  to  be  paid  to  the 
Federal  company  as  royalty  and  work, 
must  be  continuous. 


138 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  \6.  1910. 


Indiana 

Pike  County 
June  figures  in  the  Indiana  oilfields 
show  an  increase  in  completed  work, 
compared  with  the  early  months  of  1910. 
The  Pike  County  field,  with  24  wells 
completed,  is  credited  with  only  one  gas 
well  and  no  duster,  while  the  production 
of  the  new  oil-producing  wells  amounted 
to  1605  bbl.  There  are  38  new  wells  in 
course  of  drilling  in  the  southwestern  In- 
diana field. 

Sullivan  County 
The  coal  business  on  the  Evansville  & 
Terre  Haute  railroad  has  shown  a  decided 
increase  in  the  Sullivan  county  district 
over  last  year.  During  June,  1910,  there 
were  2972  cars  billed  from  the  Seifert 
yard  office,  which  handles  coal  from  nine 
mines.  The  Hymera  office,  which  bills 
coals  from  Hymera  Mine  No.  33.  has  sent 
out  950  cars,  while  the  office  of  the  Shel- 
burn  has  billed  out  about  200  cars  from 
the  Keystone  mine. 


Kansas 

Peacock  Valley— This  company  has 
made  some  ore  strikes  on  the  lease  on 
the  Bloomington  land  at  Galena  and  will 
move  the  Northcutt  mill  from  Peacock. 

Boston— This  company,  operating  the 
Boughton  lease  at  Galena,  started  its  new 
mill  the  past  week,  and  the  "dirt"  is  turn- 
ing out   well. 


Michigan 

COPPRR 

La  Salle— This  company  has  practically 

finished  rock  shipment  from  its  stock  pile 

and    hereafter    rock    will    come    directly 

from  the  underground  openings. 

l^ake — The  rise  connecting  the  3d 
and  2d  levels  has  been  complete  and 
shows  a  high  grade  of  rock  throughout. 
This  raise  is  to  be  a  part  of  the  rock 
chute  that  will  be  ultimately  used  in  the 
handling  of  the  rock.  Rock  shipments 
to  the  Franklin  mill  has  been  discon- 
tinued and  will  go  to  the  Trimountain  mill 
of  the  Copper  Range. 

Gratiof—This  subsidary  company  of 
the  Calumet  &  Hecia  has  entered  the 
producing  list,  rock  shipments  being  made 
to  the  Allouez-Centennial  mill,  coming 
principally  from  the  stock  pile. 

Hancock — The  company  has  resumed 
sinking  in  its  No.  2  vertical  shaft  at  2360 
ft.  on  its  way  to  cut  the  No.  1  lode,  which 
is  estimated  to  be  at  2500  ft.  Sinking 
was  temperorily  suspended  to  allow  for 
the  construction  of  the  steel  rock-house. 

Superior— No.  1  shaft  of  this  compan" 
is  nearing  the  15th  level  and  the  lode 
opened  at  the  14th  levels  shows  the  same 
high-grade  mineralization  as  in  the  levels 
above.  No.  2  shaft  is  down  to  600  ft. 
and  at  the  400-ft.  level  a  crosscut  was 
driven  to  the  lode  showing  it  well  de- 
fined and  carrying  soiiie  copper.     Prac- 


tically all  the  rock  now  going  to  the 
Atlantic  mill  is  coming  from  development. 
Victoria— This  property  continues 
opening  satisfactory  ground  in  the  lower 
levels  of  its  No.  2  shaft.  The  new  shaft 
is  down  270  ft.  where  a  station  is  being 
cut  and  when  this  is  finished,  sinking- 
will  be  resumed.  The  shaft  is  going  down 
on  the  lode,  but  at  this  depth  does  not 
contain  any  copper.  It  is  estimated  that 
at  an  additional  200  ft.  the  shaft  will  be 
ac  the  same  depth  as  the  drill  hole  that 
cut  the  lode  carrying  copper  at  a  point 
1000  ft.   east   of  the  shaft. 

Calumet  &  Hec'.a— The  company  has 
started  to  replace  the  wooden  guides  in 
the  two  hoisting  compartments  of  its  ver- 
tical, or  Red  Jacket  shaft.  While  this 
work  is  being  done  production  will  be 
decreased  from  this  shaft,  but  not  en- 
tirely suspended,  as  hoisting  will  be  done 
through  the  other  compartments,  but  these 
are  much  smaller  and  the  same  tonnage 
cannot  be  handled.  This  work  will  re- 
quire approximately  20,000  ft.  of  dressed 
timber. 

Missouri 

Alpha— This  mine,  at  Spring  City,  nas 
been  taken  by  a  new  company  and  the 
tailing  pile  is  being  run  while  the  ground 
is  being  developed. 

Delker— This  company,  at  Porto  Rico, 
is  erecting  a  mill  on  the  lease  on  the  If. 
A.   Knol  land. 

United  Zinc— The  company  is  pumping 
the  water  from  the  old  mines  on  the 
Avondale  tract  at  Carl  Junction,  and  is 
sinking  several  new  shafts.  Ore  has 
been  struck.  The  company  will  move 
the  Highland  mill  from  Porto  Rico  to  this 
tract. 


Montana 

BuTTn  District 


Anaconda— Within  the  last  two  weeks 
there  has  been  a  reduction  of  li  in  the 
number  of  men  employed  in  what  were 
formerly  the  Boston  &  Montana  mines. 
The  I800-ft.  levels  of  the  Mt.  View  and 
Pennsylvania  are  now  connected  by  a 
crosscut  which  materially  improves  the 
ventilation  of  both  mines.  At  the  Mt, 
View  the  air  raise  from  the  200-ft.  level 
to  the  surface  has  been  completed.  Sink- 
ing on  the  3-compartment  air  shaft  con- 
tinues and  a  depth  of  1300  ft.  has  been 
reached.  The  Pennsylvania  mine  is  pro- 
ducing 1000  tons  daily;  development  is 
being  carried  on  on  the  600-,  700-,  1400-, 
1500-,  1600-  and  1800-ft.  levels.  At  the 
Badger  State  a  station  is  being  cut  on 
the  1800-ft.  level  and  sinking  is  con- 
tinued. Ore  is  being  mined  from  the 
K300-ft.  level. 

Amazon  Butte — At  the  annual  meeting 
the  following  were  elected  directors: 
James  H.  Lynch,  E.  H.  Wilson,  W.  F. 
Love,  J.  A.  Poore,  Charles  Mattison  and 


M.  J.  Cananaugh.  P.  D.  Deal,  of  Boston, 
representing  the  Dominion  syndicate,  was 
present  at  the  meeting  and  submitted  a 
plan  for  the  refinancing  of  the  company. 
The  plan  contemplates  the  underwriting 
of  200,000  shares  of  treasury  stock  at  SI 
per  share.  The  eld  stockholders  will  re- 
turn 50  per  cent,  of  their  holdings  to  the 
treasury  and  pool  the  remainder  for  a 
long  period. 

North  Butte— The  filing  of  a  suit 
asking  an  injunction  restraining  the 
Tuolumne  company  from  further  opera- 
tions on  the  Jessie  vein  and  requesting 
also  an  accounting  of  all  ore  extracted 
therefrom  since  Sept.  16,  1909,  indicates 
that  there  still  exists  a  serious  differ- 
ence of  opinion  between  the  North  Butte 
and  Tuolumne. 

Davis-Daly — The  injunction  against  the 
company  preventing  it  from  building  a 
tramway  from  its  Colorado  shaft  through 
the  streets  of  Butte,  to  the  Great  North- 
ern railway,  has  been  dissolved  by  the 
Supreme  Court  and  the  tramway  will  be 
built  at  once.  When  completed,  shipments 
from  the  mine  in  Butte  to  the  concen- 
trator at  Basin,  will  be  begun  at  once. 
On  the  1400-ft.  level  of  the  Colorado 
mine,  the  orebody  is  20  ft.  wide  and  has 
been  opened  up  800  ft.  On  the  !800-ft. 
level  the  main  vein  was  cut  600  ft.  west 
of  the  shaft  and  has  been  drifted  on  800 
feet. 

Broadwater  County 
Keating — Operations  are  being  carried 
on  through  the  600-ft.  Blacker  shaft  at 
one  end  of  the  property  and  the  400-ft. 
Keating  shaft  at  the  other  end.  .At  the 
Blacker  shaft  a  station  is  being  cut  on 
the  600-ft.  level.  The  Blacker  shaft  will 
be  sunk  and  all  operations  will  be  carried 
on  through  it. 

Fergus  County 
West  Kendall— The  main  tunnel  re- 
cently cut  the  footwall  of  a  body  of  free 
milling  ore.  The  cut  is  now  in  6  ft.  and 
the  hangingwall  has  not  been  reached. 
Plans  are  being  made  for  a  mill. 

Barnes-King — All  operations  at  the 
property  have  been  suspended  and  it  is 
possible  that  they  will  not  be  renewed. 
The  coinpany  which  was  organized  in 
1906,  has  had  a  career  which  has  at- 
tracted much  attention.  Starting  with  an 
over  subscription  of  stock  at  $5  per 
share  the  stock  went  to  $5.75,  but  within 
a  short  time  it  became  known  that  the 
property  was  not  up  to  the  expectations 
of  its  promoters  and  now  it  has  been 
practically  determined  that  it  cannot  be 
made  to  pay. 

Granite  County 


Graniic-Bi-Mctallic—At  the  annual 
meeting  the  following  were  elected  di- 
rectors: Wilbur  F.  Boyle,  Auguste  B. 
Ewing,  Joseph  R.  Hartnett,  John  P. 
Meyer,  Charles  D.  McLure,  Edward  S. 
Orr,  L.  .M.  Rumsev,  Jr„  George  J.  Tansey. 


July  Hi,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


139 


William   C.   Uhri.   Edward   vji/hitaker  and 
Mark  NX'eing. 

Lincoln   County 

Blue  Bell- -The  property,  a  mile  from 
Sylvanite,  on  Crawford  Creek,  is  being 
worked  by  Fritz  Lang.  Eight  feet  of 
gold  quartz  have  recently  been  uncov- 
ered. 

Lincoln — The  new  20-stamp  mill. 
which  was  recently  given  a  test  run,  has 
proven  satisfactory  and  will  soon  be  in 
full   operation. 

Madison  County 
In  the  Summit  district,  George  B.  Ry- 
mal  has  uncovered  a  vein  of  free-milling 
gold  quartz  on  Oro  Cache  hill.  At  the 
Atlas  Extension,  Charles  Ryden  has  sev- 
eral tons  of  free-milling  ore  on  the  dump. 
Ball  kV:  Tullock  have  recently  made  a 
shipment  of  $100  ore  from  their  claim, 
four  miles  from  Virginia  City.  At  the 
Apex  mine,  a  power  line  from  the  Econ- 
omy company's  Pacific  mine  line  is  near- 
ly completed.  A  compressor  has  been 
installed  and  a  mill  will  be  erected. 

Rosebud  County 
Humphrey — While  drilling  a  well  on 
this  branch,  at  a  depth  of  90  ft.,  a.l7- 
ft.  vein  of  coal  was  cut.  An  analysis 
las  shown  the  vein  to  contain  65  per 
ent.  carbon. 

S.'VNDERs  County 
French  Bar — At  the  annual  meeting  the 
ollowing  were  elected  directors:  H.  E. 
vhaney.  Henry  E.  Kuphal,  C.  A.  Davis, 
3.  M.  Van  Leuvsn  and  E.  H.  Edson.  The 
ngineer's  report  shows  that  1300  ft.  of 
rifts  had  been  run  during  the  past  year 
n  the  60-  and  100- ft.  levels.  The  ore 
uns  from  S6  to  $12  per  ton  and  mining 
nd  milling  costs  average  $1.75  per  ton. 

Yello\sstone  County 
Keene  Coal  Mining  Company — The 
Dmpany,  recently  incorporated  by 
/.  A.  Keene,  D.  B.  Loney,  Earl  Reid,  ,1. 
.  Rose,  J.  C.  Lohman,  Charles  Brook- 
lan,  M.  R.  Swanson,  B.  W.  Smith,  and 
obert  Brown,  will  take  over  the  Keene 
roperty,  of  280  acres,  two  miles  west  of 
oundup.  Development  will  be  begun  im- 
ediately  .nnd  the  property  will  be 
luipped. 


Nevada 

E>MERALDA     COUNTY 

I  Railroad  Springs — This  company  has 
1st  purchased  the  Gold  Hill  group  of 
Iven  claims,  adjoining  its  former  hold- 
Igs  on  the  west.  Development  is  pro- 
cessing satisfactorily,  pending  the  con- 
Iruction  of  the  mill. 

iGoldfield  Annex—The  shaft  is  down  to 
|0  feet. 

Lyon  County 
|M«o;i  Ka//cv— Reports  from  the  prop- 
|ty  state   the   development   in   progress 
Intinues    satisfactory.      Engineers    are 
Igaged  on  the  plans  of  the  smeltery,  on 


the  completion  ot  which  actual  construc- 
tion work  will  be  begun. 
Nye  County 

Tonopah-Belmont — A  connection  has 
been  made  on  the  1 166-ft.  level  with  the 
winze  from  the  1108-ft.  The  ore  still 
shows  well,  though  the  exact  dimensions 
are  not  determined,  beyond  a  width  of 
6   ft.  on   the   hanging-wall. 

Tonopah — Mill  report  for  the  week 
shows  3300  tons  crushed ;  average  value, 
S22;  extraction,  93  per  cent.  Bullion 
shipments  include  78  bars  and  42  tons 
of  concentrates. 

West  End — A  steel-lined  ore  bin,  250 
tons  capacity,  is  finished  at  the  collar  of 
shaft  No.  2.  Second  class  ore  will  be 
recrushed,  screened  and  sorted  on  a  40- 
in.   picking  belt. 

White  Pine  County 
Nevada  Consolidated — Opening  of  the 
new  Liberty  steam-shovel  pit  will  com- 
mence soon.  Tracks  and  pipe  lines  have 
been  laid,  water  tanks  and  repair  shops 
have  been  erected  and  everything  is  in 
readiness  for  the  new  steam  shovels. 
The  problem  of  dumping  ground  for 
overburden  is  becoming  rather  puzzling. 
Overburden  from  the  new  Liberty  pit 
will  be  dumped  on  the  Puritan  claim  of 
the  Cumberland-Ely,  which  was  at.  one 
time  rtported  to  contain  a  valuable  body 
of  steam-shovel  ore,  but  more  thorough 
prospecting  with  drills  showed  that  the 
deposit  was  not  thick  enough  to  be  of 
value. 


Oklahoma 

Carson-Dodson — L.  C.  Church  has 
bought  the  Edna  Ray  mill  at  Miami  and 
will  move  it  onto  his  Carson-Dodson 
lease,  north  of  the  Emma  Gordon,  in  the 
same  camp.  However,  he  will  thorough- 
ly prospect  the  Edna  Ray  lease  to  see 
that  all  the  ore  is  worked  out  before  the 
mill  is  moved. 


Pennsylvania 
Philadelphia  &  Heading  Coal  and  Iron 
Company— The  statement  for  the  II 
months  of  the  fiscal  year,  from  July  I 
to  May  31,  shows  receipts  of  531,239,- 
234;  expenses,  $30,008,865;  net  earnings, 
$1,230,369.  As  compared  with  1908-9, 
there  were  decreases  of  $1,599,321  in 
gross  receipts,  and  of  $409,565  in  net 
earnings. 

Utah 

Box  Elder  County 

Carrie  Mack — A  car  of  silver-lead  ore 

has  been  shipped    from   the   McKendrick 

lease  to  the  local  market.    The  mine  is  in 

the  Silver  Island  district. 


Susanna — This  property  in  the  Park 
Valley  district  is  mining  and  milling  30 
tons  of  gold  ore  per  day.  The  vein  is  be- 
tween 3  and  4  ft.  thick,  and  both  the  foot- 
and  hanging-wall  are  milled  in  places. 
Connections  have  been  made  between 
the  lower  and  upper  tunnels. 


Grand  County 
Some  activity  has  recently  been  shown 
in  the  Wilson  Alesa  district.  The  Utah 
Placer  Mining  Company  owns  property 
in  the  district,  and  is  planning  develop- 
ment work.  A  new  gold  strike  is  reported 
about  2'...  miles  from  the  original  placer 
discoveries,  of  a  quartz  vein  in  place  car- 
rying free  gold.  A  boarding  house  and 
hotel  have  been  opened  at  Mesa,  and  ac- 
comodations can  be  obtained. 

Juab  County 

Sioux  Consolidated — At  a  directors' 
meeting  in  Provo,  July  1,  a  dividend  of 
4c.  a  share  was  declared  making  a  total 
of  $850,885  dividends  paid  by  this  mine. 

Grand  Central — A  dividend  of  6c.  a 
share  has  been  posted  making  a  total  of 
$1,385,000  distributed.  The  output  for 
June  was  40  cars,  and  this  is  being  in- 
creased. Most  of  the  ore  is  now  com- 
ing from  the  western  part  of  the  mine, 
w  here  new  deposits  were  recently  opened. 
The  property  generally  is  in  good  condi- 
tion, and  preparations  have  been  made 
for  shipping  from  the  500-  to  the  2100- 
ft.  level. 

Beck  Tunnel — The  report  for  the  year 
ended  May  31,  show's  that  the  company 
operated  at  a  net  loss  of  $15,065.  A 
total  of  4246  dry  tons  of  ore  were  shipped 
during  the  year,  for  which  the  company 
received  $48,003.  There  are  accounts 
payable  of  $71,542.  The  present  policy 
is  to  do  little  further  w^ork,  but  to  await 
results  of  the  development  in  neighboring 
properties,  especially  the  Yankee  on  the 
south,  and  the  Ir)n  Blossom  on  the  north. 
The  Knight  directorate  was  reelected. 

Coin — This  company  has  been  formed 
to  operate  a  group  of  eight  claims  in  north 
Tintic.  A.  Peterson,  J.  H.  Peterson  and 
Brigham  Clegg  are  principal  stockholders. 
Developinent  will  be  started  soon. 

Tintic  Standard — Mineralized  black 
quartz  has  been  cut  at  880  ft.  in  the 
shaft. 

Scranion — A  new  body  of  lead  ore  has 
been  opened  in  the  north  workings.  The 
ore  was  encountered  85  ft.  below  the 
tunnel  level  by  a  drift  from  one  of  the 
old  stopes.  The  Scranton  mine  has  for 
several  years  produced  both  lead  and 
zinc  ore.  The  latter  occurs  as  zincite, 
red  oxide  of  zinc,  in  large  lense-shaped 
bodies.  The  boundary  between  the  lead 
and  zinc  ores  is  well  defined. 

Victoria —A  special  meeting  has  been 
called  for  July  30,  for  the  purpose  of 
increasing  the  capital  and  a  possible  con- 
solidation. 

Carisa — The  raise  from  the  500- ft. 
level  has  followed  ore  for  100  ft.  Some 
low-grade  silver-lead  ore  has  been  en- 
countered  in   drifting  on   the  500. 

Utah — A  car  of  lead-silver  ore  has 
been  marketed  from  this  Fish  Springs 
mine  on  which  settlement  was  made  for 
114  oz.  silver,  53  per  cent,  lead,  $5  gold 
per  ton.     Another  car  is  being  loaded. 


140 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


Piute  County 

Greenhorn — A  700- ft.  tunnel  has  been 
driven  and  a  contract  given  for  another 
100  ft.  of  work.  The  objective  point  is 
the  intersection  of  two  veins  with  a  dike. 
The  tunnel  has  cut  several  cross  fissures 
carrying  low-grade  ore. 

Shamrock — From  3  to  5  ft.  of  ore  have 
been  developed,  18  in.  of  which  carries 
gray  copper  with  silver  and  some  gold. 
Shipments  have  recently  been  made. 

Munroe — At  this  property,  across  the 
cafion  from  the  Shamrock,  leasers  are 
mining  and  sorting  ore  for  shipment. 

Deer  Trail — Much  ore  has  been  blocked 
out,  which,  it  is  claimed,  will  run  from 
$8  to  S9  in  gold  and  silver.  This  prop- 
erty is  south  of  Marysvale. 

Sevier-Miller  Coalition — Production  has 
been  resumed  at  the  old  Sevier  Consoli- 
dated mine  on  Gold  mountain,  which  was 
taken  over  nearly  a  year  ago  by  the  Salt 
Lake  Hardware  Company.  The  mill  has 
been  remodeled,  and  is  in  operation.  New 
development  work  has  been  done  in  the 
mine,  and  enough  ore  blocked  to  supply 
the  mill  for  some  time.  Drifting  is  be- 
ing done  to  prospect  the  Miller  group, 
which  adjoins. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Bingham  Copper — Work  is  being  done 
in  the  main  tunnel,  which  is  in  900  ft. 
A  crosscut  from  this  tunnel  to  the  south- 
west is  getting  into  low-grade  lead  ore. 
The  crosscut  will  be  continued,  and  is  ex- 
pected to  reach  several  ore-bearing  beds 
and  veins  at  depth.  It  is  stated  that  the 
company  is  fully  financed,  and  that  the 
working  force  will  be  added  to  at  once. 

Tom  Moore — A  settlement  of  the  con- 
demnation suits,  which  have  been  pend- 
ing for  several  years  has  been  effected 
with  the  Rio  Grande  railway.  Active  de- 
velopment will  be  started  Sept.  1.  The 
property  consists  of  about  600  acres  in 
northeast  Bingham. 

Utah  Mines  Coalition — Ore  has  been 
cut  in  the  main  tunnel.  This  is  thought 
to  continue  along  the  bedding,  from  the 
Black  Bess  vein  which  is  still  some  dis- 
tance ahead  of  the  face. 

Cardiff — A  road  has  been  built,  con- 
necting with  the  main  carion  road  in  Big 
Cottonwood,  and  it  is  expected  that  60 
tons  of  first-class  silver-lead-copper  ore 
will  be  shipped  to  the  sampler  early  in 
July. 

Tooele  County 

Cliff — From  50  to  60  tons  of  ore  are  be- 
ing shipped  daily  from  this  property  at 
Ophir. 

Kearsarge — A  strike  of  14  in.  of  rich 
silver-lead  ore  was  made  recently  in  a 
raise  from  the  1000-ft.  level. 

Ophir  Hill — Neither  the  mine  nor  the 
150-ton  mill  is  being  worked  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  awaiting  the  arrival  and  in- 
stallation of  new  electrical  pumping 
equipment.    The  mine  was  opened  to  the 


1700-ft.  level,  where  a  large  flow  of  wa- 
ter was  encountered,  flooding  the  lower 
levels.  Some  development  is  being  done 
in  the  upper  workings. 


Washington 

Chelan  County 

Golden  Zone — A  small  stamp  mill  will 
be  installed  by  Capt.  Charles  Johnson,  of 
Lakeside. 

Ferry  County 

Lone  Pine — Stewart  &  Miller  have 
sold  the  lease  on  this  mine  to  the  Re- 
public Mines  Corporation,  and  the  mine 
will  now  be  worked  on  a  larger  scale. 

Hope  Mining  Company — The  Blacktail 
mine  has  been  acquired  by  this  Spokane 
company.  Three  cars  are  being  shipped 
a  week,  and  shipments  will  be  increased. 

Jefferson  County 
Tubal  Cain — The  adit  on  this  property, 
at  Iron  Mountain,  is  now  in  1300  feet. 

Okanogan  County 

Jim  Hill — Good  ore  has  ben  encoun- 
tered in  the  new  tunnel.  Charles  Cain, 
of  Chesaw,  is  manager. 

Rainbow — Preparations  are  made  to 
start  work  on  this  property,  on  Copper 
mountain. 

Spokane  County 
Blue,  Grouse — A  tungsten  strike  has 
been  made  on  this  property  near  Leon 
lake.  W.  A.  Brockway  is  manager.  The 
Blue  Grouse  is  controlled  by  the  Firth- 
Sterling  Steel  company  of  Pittsburg. 

Stevens  County 
International  Lead  and  Iron — On  this 
property  near  the  boundary  line  a  large 
amount  of  iron  ore  has  been  uncovered. 
The  ore  also  carried  silver  and  lead.  A 
tunnel  1800  ft.  long  will  be  started  at 
once,  and  a  power  plant  will  be  built. 
Headquarters  are  at  Spoka'ne. 


Wyoming 

Continental-Morris — This  company  is 
planning  development  in  the  Encampment 
district.    G.  A.  Leach  is  secretary. 


Canada 

British  Columbia 

No.  7 — The  Consolidated  company  has 
50  men  working  here.  A  10-drill  com- 
pressor is  supplying  air  to  the  mine;  a 
4-mile  aerial  tramway  to  the  Canadian 
Pacific  near  Boundary  Falls,  is  near  com- 
pletion; a  5-mile  wagon  road  to  Phoenix 
is  being  made. 

Cariboo — John  B.  Hobson  is  putting  in 
a  3000-ft.  pipe  line  to  bring  in  water  for 
hydraulicking  gold-bearing  gravel  on  the 
north  fork  of  Quesnel  river. 

Portland  Canal — On  May  10  No.  1  tun- 
nel was  in  225  ft.;  No.  2,  180  ft.,  and  No. 
3,  540  ft.    An  incline  raise,  100  ft.,  con- 


nects Nos.  2  and  3.  This  work  is  on  the 
Portland  Canal  company's  original  loca- 
tion, the  Gipsy  claim,  and  constitutes  the 
most  development  done  on  any  property 
in  the  camp.  An  aerial  tramway,  8500 
ft.  in  length  and  2100  ft.  difference  in 
altitude  between  terminals,  is  in  use.  The 
first  unit,  nominal  capacity  75  tons  per 
day,  of  a  mill  which  is  being  equipped 
with  concentrating  machinery;  will  be  in 
operation  in  August.  A  6-drill  compres- 
sor is  being  put  in;  direct  connected  to  a 
Pelton  wheel  running  under  a  270-ft. 
head. 

Manitoba 

A  discovery  of  rich  silver  ore  is  re- 
ported 20  miles  north  of  Brokenhead  on 
Lake  Winnipeg. 

Ontario 

Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  July  10  were:  Beaver,  60,167  lb.; 
Bufl'alo,  51,900;  City-of-Cobalt,  58,900; 
Chambers- Ferland,  59,600;  Crown  Re- 
serve, 171,000;  Kerr  Lake,  300,600;  King 
Edward,  46,330;  La  Rose,  79,800;  Mc- 
Kinley-Darragh,  135,440;  O'Brien,  110,- 
040;  Temiskaming,  120,000;  total,  1,193,- 
777   pounds. 

Crown  Reserve — A  statement  issued 
for  the  first  six  months  of  1910  shows 
shipments  of  S709,569,  yielding  a  profit 
of  $536,064,  of  which  $530,644  has  been 
paid  in  dividends. 

Nipissing — During  June,  the  company 
mined  ore  containing  350,658  oz.,  having 
an  estimated  net  value  of  5185,847,  and 
shipped  ore  of  an  estimated  net  value  of 
$180,427.  Development  is  being  rushed 
and  the  new  No.  28  tunnel  is  well  under 
way.  A  new  shaft  has  been  begun  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  R.  L.  401,  near  the 
Chambers-Ferland  line. 

Wyandoh — The  first  shipment  of  ore 
was  made  June  5,  comprising  52,990  lb., 
of  which  about  32,000  lb.  was  high  grade. 
It  went  to  the  Thorold  smeltery.  Cross- 
cutting  is  in  progress  to  reach  the  new 
vein  recently  uncovered  to  the  south  of 
No.  1,  and  also  at  several  other  veins 
which  show  well  on  the  surface. 

La  Rose  Consolidated — A  new  rich  vein 
has  been  found  on  the  west  corner  of 
the  Lawson  property,  30  ft.  from  the  Fos- 
ter line.     It  is  14  in.  wide. 

Hudson    Bay — The    company    has   de- 
cided to  put  up  a  concentrator,  which  will' 
probably  be  a  20-stamp  mill  with  a  capa-, 
city  of  80  tons  per  day.     It  will  make 
the  fourteenth  concentrator  in  the  camp. 

Bartlett — This  Gowganda  mine  has 
passed  into  the  hands  of  a  syndicate 
headed  by  .1.  R.  Carter,  who  have  se 
cured  a  controlling  interest  in  the  stock 
Nearly  300,000  shares  of  stock  remalr 
in  the  treasury,  which  will  be  taken  Uf 
by  the  large  holders  at  25c.  per  share 
yielding  enough  to  enable  work  to  be  re 
sumed. 

Montreal  Reduction  and  Smelting  Coittl 
pany — The   smeltery  built  by  this  company.' 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


141 


at  Front  Mills,  near  North  Bay,  on  which 
$275,000    was    expended,    is    offered    for 
sale  by  the  liquidator  of  the  company. 
Quebec 

Frontenac — The  new  4-cyclone  plant  of 
this  asbestos  company  at  East  Brough- 
ton  has  been  in  operation  for  some  time 
and  is  now  turning  out  about  one  car  of 
asbestos  per  day.  About  100  men  are 
employed. 

Berlin — This  asbestos  company  started 
the  new  mill,  which  has  a  capacity  of 
about  500  tons  of  asbestos  rock  per  day. 
The  principal  pit  is  in  the  Thetford  "slip 
fiber"  belt  and  is  operated  by  four  cable 
derricks.  One  hundred  and  twenty-five 
men  are  on  the  payroll. 

B.  &  A. — Another  new  plant  now  al- 
most completed  is  that  of  this  asbestos 
company  on  lot  9,  range  5,  Thetford. 
Three  cyclones  are  in  operation,  the  total 
capacity  being  about  400  tons  of  rock 
per  day. 

Calway — This  copper  mine,  in  Beauce 
county,  which  suspended  operations  last 
fall,  owing  to  litigation,  will  resume 
shortly.  A  new  steam  compressor  plant 
will  be  installed  and  the  shaft  sunk  to 
100  feet. 

Quebec  Mines  and  Metal  Company — 
A  charter  has  been  granted  this  corpora- 
tion, owning  iron,  copper  and  asbestos 
properties  in  the  county  of  Beauce,  and 
operations  have  commenced  on  a  copper 
property  on  Calway  creek,  a  tributary  to 
the  Chaudiere  river. 

Dominion  Goldfields  of  Canada — This 
company  is  pushing  exploration  under 
the  direction  of  California  experts.  An 
important  strike  was  recently  made  on 
Ruisseau  des  Meules;  a  short  drift  on  the 
bed  rock  into  the  slope  of  the  river  bank 
disclosed  gold.  Nuggets  from  $30  to  $40 
apiece  have  been  taken  out.  Extensive 
drilling  operations  with  Keystone  and 
three  Empire  drills  are  in  progress  now 
on  the  Gilbert  river.  It  was  reported  on 
good  authority  that  drilling  operations 
will  be  commenced  in  July  on  some 
islands  of  the  Chaudiere  river,  near 
Beauceville. 


Mexico 
Chihuahua 
At  the  San  Pedro  camp,  in  the  extreme 
northern  part  of  the  State,  important 
strikes  of  gold  and  silver  ores  have  been 
made,  the  former  at  the  San  Pablo  prop- 
erty, and  the  latter  at  the  Ysabelita.  L. 
C.  Bryant  and  El  Paso  associates  are 
largely  interested. 

Esmeralda-Parral — This  Parral  com- 
pany is  figuring  on  new  machinery,  in- 
cluding a  hoisting  plant.  W.  P.  Fairman 
is  in  charge. 

Cherokee  Goldfields — Rapid  progress 
is  being  made  in  the  erection  of  the  new 
cyanide  plant.  Donald  F.  Foster,  of  Aus- 
tralia, is  in  charge  of  milling  operations. 
The  property  is  in  the  San  Julian  camp. 


south  ot  Parral,  and  Harold  D.  Higgins 
is  manager. 

Consolidated  American-Mexican — This 
company  has  its  new  mill  at  Vencedora, 
in  the  Parral  camp,  in  operation  very 
satisfactorily.  George  C.  Hackstaff  is 
manager. 

La  Fe — This  company  is  making  ready 
for  operation  its  new  cyanide  plant  in 
the  Guadelupe  y  Calvo  section.  M.  W. 
Lafayette  is  manager. 

Rio  Tinto — The  enlarged  and  remod- 
eled smeltery  will  not  be  ready  for  op- 
eration until  Aug.  15,  the  delay  being 
occasioned  by  the  slow  delivery  of  ma- 
chinery. 

Buena  Tierra — This  property,  of  the 
Santa  Eulalia  Exploration  Company,  in 
the  Santa  Eulalia  camp,  has  finally 
passed  into- the  hands  of  the  Exploration 
Company  of  London  and  Mexico,  of 
which  R.  M.  Raymond  is  managing  en- 
gineer. L.  Maurice  Cockerell  is  manager 
in  charge. 

Boston-Mexico — This  company  is  car- 
rying on  development  at  its  property, 
about  100  miles  south  of  El  Paso.  Ma- 
chinery, including  tunnel-driving  machin- 
ery, is  being  installed.  D.  C.  Sutton  is 
in  charge. 

Parcionera — This  property  in  the  Santa 
Eulalia  camp,  is  again  producing,  a  re- 
cent shipment  consisting  of  75  tons  to  the 
Chihuahua  smeltery.  Charles  S,  Qualey 
&  Co.  are  the  operators  and  H.  W. 
Seamon,  Jr.,  is  the  superintendent. 

Sierra — This  Ocampo  company  has  its 
cyanide  plant  in  successful  operation  and 
is  said  to  be  figuring  on  a  200-ton  plant. 
Robert  Linton  is  superintendent. 

White  Chief — This  company  in  the 
western  part  of  the  State,  not  far  from 
Chinipas,  has  suspended. 

Rio  Plata — The  quarterly  dividend  of 
2  per  cent,  was  paid  June  20.  The  mine 
is  in  good  shape  and  the  rainfall  now 
permits  of  water  operations  entirely. 

Forltma — This  company,  with  property 
near  Nuevas  Casas  Grandes,  is  reported 
to  be  planning  the  erection  of  a  100-ton 
cyanide  plant.    R.  H.  Dudley  is  manager. 

Mayo  River  Power  and  Land  Company 
— This  Denver  company  is  preparing  to 
erect  several  hydroelectric  plants  in  west- 
ern Chihuahua  and  eastern  Sonora.  En- 
gineers are  now  in  the  field  taking  water 
measurements. 

Guerrero 

Farones.— Philadelphia  interests  repre- 
sented by  Colin  Timmons  will  install  a 
50-ton  mill  at  this  property  at  Noxtepec, 
near  Taxco. 

SONORA 

Keystone  drills  are  being  used  to  pros- 
pect the  San  Antonio  placers  in  the  Bar- 
ranca district.  So  far  the  results  have 
been  such  as  to  warrant  plans  for  ex- 
tensive dredging.  The  town  of  San  An- 
tonio,  founded   early  in    the    eighteenth 


century  and  within  the  placer  zone,  is  to 
be  wiped  out  following  the  building  of  a 
new  town  on  ground  that  is  not  gold- 
bearing.  New  York  men,  represented  by 
Herman  Wendler,  have  control  of  the 
placers. 

Cananea  Consolidated — With  the  in- 
stallation of  the  two  additional  steam 
turbines  ordered  the  company  will  be 
able  to  generate  more  power  than  at 
present  needed  for  its  operations,  and 
will  supply  power  to  other  companies. 
Work  on  a  second  reverberatory  furnace 
is  in  progress,  and  five  additional  boil- 
ers will  be  installed  to  utilize  heat  from 
the  new  furnace.  This  will  result  in  a 
reduction  in  fuel  oil  necessary,  and  a  re- 
duction in  power  costs.  Power  is  now 
being  generated  at  a  little  less  than  $7 
per  h.p.  per  month.  Six  additional  Mc- 
Dougal  roasting  furnaces  will  be  in  place 
within  a  few  months,  making  a  total  of 
10.  The  improvement  plans  now  being 
carried  out  are  with  a  view  to  a  possible 
monthly  production  of  6,000,000  lb.  of 
copper. 

Calumet  &  Sonora — Drifting  for  the 
vein  at  the  500- ft.  level  is  in  progress. 
Copper  is  appearing  with  depth,  and  ship- 
ments of  lead-copper  concentrates  are 
being  made.  The  zinc  ore  is  much  tower 
grade  than  formerly,  and  experiments  in 
electrical  separation  will  be  made.  Ore 
for  the  experiment  has  been  shipped  to 
the  United  States. 

Africa 
Transvaal 
Gold  production  in  June  is  reported  at 
625,181  oz.,  which  is  8989  oz.  less  than 
in  May,  but  8953  oz.  more  than  in  June. 
1909.  For  the  half  year  ended  June  30" 
the  total  production  was  3,636,718  oz.  in 
1909,  and  3,662,505  oz.— or  375,703,978 
— in  1910;  an  increase  of  25,787  oz.  this 
year. 

West  Africa 
Gold  production  of  the  Gold  Coast  and 
Ashanti,  in  May,  is  reported  at  16,590 
oz.,  being  227  oz.  more  than  in  April. 
For  the  five  months  ended  May  31,  the 
total  was  114,001  oz.  bullion  in  1909,  and 
84,913  oz.  in  1910;  a  decrease  of  29,088 
oz.  The  bullion  reported  this  year  was 
equal  to  $1,686,524,  or  81,593  oz  fine 
gold. 


Asia 
Korea 
Oriental    Consolidated — The    result    of 
the  June  cleanup  was  $114,500. 


South  America 
British  Guiana 
Exports  of  gold  from  the  colony  for  the 
five  months  ended  June  1  were  25,557  oz. 
bullion  in  1909,  and  22,691  oz.  in  1910; 
decrease,  2866  oz.  The  bullion  reported 
this  year  was  equal  to  $393,023,  or  i9,014 
oz.  fine  gold.  Exports  of  diamonds  were 
1850  carats,  valued  at  $10,707  this  year. 


142 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


^  J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


^       K 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


New  York,  July  13— The  seaboard  bi- 
tuminous-coal trade  is  still  quiet  and 
shows  little  variation  from  our  last  re- 
ports. A  fair  amount  of  business  is  be- 
ing done,  but  the  market  cannot  be  called 
active.  Coastwise  trade  is  rather  slow. 
The  anthracite  trade  is  steady,  as  us- 
ual, the  only  change  being  that  shipments 
to  the  Lakes  are  increasing. 

In  the  West  the  strike  in  northern  Illi- 
nois is  still  on,  a  new  conference  hav- 
ing failed  to  bring  about  results.  In 
other  districts  the  mines  are  working, 
and  the  wage  agreements  are  being  grad- 
ually brought  into  final  contract  form 
with  more  or  less  friction,  but  no  breaks. 
Illinois  Coal  Strike — The  conference 
between  miners  and  operators  in  Illinois 
last  week  resulted  in  another  disagree- 
ment. .  The  operators  of  northern  Illinois 
are  apparently  still  united  and  firm  in 
their  refusal  to  grant  the  demands  of 
the  miners.  President  T.  L.  Lewis  made 
an  attempt  to  secure  a  compromise,  but  it 
failed,  the  delegates  from  the  union  re- 
fusing to  support  him. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
Coal  traffic  originating  on  lines  of 
Southern  railway,  four  months  ended 
April  30:  Tennessee  division,  417,029; 
Alabama  division.  988,529;  total,  1,405,- 
558  short  tons,  ar  increase  of  210,048 
tons  over  last  year. 

Anthracite  shipments  by  Lake  from 
Buffalo,  season  to  July  1,  were  1,317,- 
270  long  tons;  an  increase  of  292,670 
tons  over  1909.  The  heavier  shipments 
were  521,565  tons  to  Chicago;  438,395  to 
Duluth  and  Superior;  121,560  to  Mil- 
waukee; 129,265  to  Fort  William,  Ontario. 
Details  of  Kentucky  coal  production  for 
two  years,  in  short  tons: 


ended  June  30.  the  total  shipments  were, 
in  long  tons: 

I'.lO'.l.             lUlO.  Chauses. 

Beadiug 0,174,S7H  «,37;),315  I.  304.442 

Lehigh  Vallev..  5.-i73,(>R.'!  .'),80a,040  I.  5;i.5,3.i7 

IS    J.  Central 4.1)1(1,1117  4,2r)8,219  I.  Mi.aH 

Lackawanna 4.7Jl,%;i  .l.imi.ill  I.  \'.>',ii-2 

Del.  &  Hudson....  3,:i'.«l,3(;7  :!,284,6-2(l  D.  114,:i7 

Pennsylvania...  J.'.WO.IuS  3,U(l,UW  I.  l.W,:i47 

Erie 4.iar.,l-i'.i  3.iU3,i«17  D.  .IT.i.yirl 

N.T.,Ont.  ^West.  l.:ilill,ll-21>  1.371,117  I.         -.'.nOT 

Total 31,'.ir,l,73ll    3J,sl4,74s      I.     xiB.Ols 

The  total  increase  was  2.7  per  cent. 
Only  the  D«*ware  &  Hudson  and  the 
Erie  had  decreases  this  year;  all  the  other 
companies  report  larger  tonnages. 

Shipments  over  the  Virginian  railway 
in  May  were  73,632  tons  of  coal  and 
3715  tons  coke. 

Production  of  coke  in  the  Connells- 
viUe  and  Lower  Connellsville  regions, 
according  to  the  weekly  reports  pub- 
lished by  the  Connellsville  Courier,  was 
11,290,099  short  tons  for  the  six  months 
ended  July  2.  The  total  shipments  re- 
ported were  338,382  cars.  This  gives  a 
weekly  average  of  434,235  tons  produced 
and  13,015  cars  shipped.  The  highest 
weekly  production  was  474,496  tons  for 
the  week  ended  Jan.  29;  while  372,803 
tons  for  the  week  ended  April  30  was  the 
lowest. 


Dsed  at  mines 
Sold  al  mines. 
Maile  into 

Colvl; 

Shipped  to 
market.  .  .  . 

Total .  .  . 


1908.- 

Tons. 

261,273 

301,28.j 


>•■).' 


9,1.'); 

9.80.5 


,449 
,772 


% 

Per 

Cent. 
2.6 
3.2 

0.8 

93.4 

100.0 


, 1909.- 

Tons. 

291,9.-)0 

377,059 

86,964 

9.340,172 

10  296  14-1 


occasional  delays.  Coal  comes  through 
to  tide  in  schedule  time  or  quite  near  it. 
In  the  coastwise  trade  vessels  are 
scarce,  the  lumber  trade  having  taken  off 
a  number.  Rates  have  advanced  and  are 
now  unusually  high  for  the  season. 
Larga  vessels  get  85((j90c.  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Boston,  Salem  and  Portland; 
while  small  boats  which  can  go  into  the 
shoalwater  ports  ask  5  or  10c.  more. 
Barge  rates  have  also  been  advanced. 
From  New  York  owners  are  asking  Sbur 
90c.  to  points  around  Cape  Cod. 

Birmingham 

July  12 — Activity  in  coal  producing  in 
the  South  promises  to  keep  up  all 
through  the  summer.  In  Alabama  some 
orders  were  received  from  the  Southwest 
where  labor  troubles  were  on,  and  now 
there  is  a  good  business  being  worked 
up  in  the  Louisiana  and  New  Orleans 
markets. 


Per 

Ceni. 

2  s 

:s.7 

0.8 

92.7 

100  0 


Of  the  shipments  to  market  last  year 
5,287,901  tons  were  to  points  outside  of 
the  State.  The  coke  made  was  38,849 
tons,  an  increase  of  496  tons;  the  output 
in  1909  showing  a  consumption  of  2.24 
tons  coal  to  one  ton  of  coke. 

Anthracite-coal  shipments  in  June  were 
5,398,123  long  tons,  being  281,478  tons 
less  than  in  May,  but  493,265  tons  more 
than  in  June,  1909.     For  the  si.x  months 


New  YotJc 
Anthracite 

July  13 — The  anthracite  trade  is  about 
as  usual,  with  no  special  activity.  More 
coal  is  going  westward  now.  for  ship- 
ment up  the  Lakes. 

Schedule  prices  of  large  sizes  are 
.S4.55  for  broken  and  S4.80  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor 
points.  For  steam  sizes,  current  quota- 
tions are:  Pea,  $2.95 f?)  3.25;  buckwheat. 
,S2.15fr(2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
S1.65^.(2;  barley,  S1.35rr7  1.50;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. The  lower  prices  are  usually  for 
washery  coals. 

Bituminous 

Trade  is  better,  though  the  improve- 
ment is  not  great.  The  demand"  for  the 
lower-priced  coals  remains  good,  and  in 
the  better  grades,  sales  are  being  quietly 
made  to  a  considerable  extent,  so  that 
more  business  is  being  done  than  ap- 
pears on  the  surface. 

There  is  little  change  in  prices.  Good 
Miller  vein  coal  goes  at  S2.50(J72.60  per 
ton.  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor,  while  gas 
coal  is  sold  at  about  SI  per  ton  at  mines. 

Car  supply  is  generally  good,  and 
there  are  not  many  complaints  on  that 
score.     Transportation   is   fair,  with  only 


Chicago 

July  11  — Quiet  conditions  exist  in  the 
coal  market.  The  summer  demand  for 
screenings,  as  the  favorite  fuel  of  steam 
producers,  is  in  full  force,  with  the  con- 
sequence that  this  size  is  demanded  most 
of  all  and  sells  nr  high  prices— $2(ff2.10 
in  carload  lots.  Indiana  continues  to 
supply  the  needs  of  the  steam  makers 
and  the  few  buyers  of  domestic  coals. 
Lump  is  in  somewhat  better  demand  than 
run-of-mine  and  brings  S1.90r(t2.10, 
while  run-of-mine  is  available  in  plenty 
at  $I.85ro^2.  These  prices  vary  some- 
what from  day  to  day,  the  range  being 
10  or  15c.  according  to  the  amount  on 
track  and  conditions  of  purchaser,  but 
the  quotations  given  are  fair  averages. 

F.astern  coals — those  from  east  of 
Indiana— are,  speaking  generally,  in  good 
demand  and  sell  for  circular  prices.  Hock- 
ing is  quiet  at  $3.15,  with  no  oversupply. 
Smokeless  is  steadily  increasing  its  sales, 
but  is  not  generally  in  demand  as  a 
substitute  for  Illinois  coal  in  the  presence 
of  so  much  supply  from  the  Indiana 
mines;  prices  of  smokeless  continue  to 
be  $3.55  for  lump  and  egg,  and  $3.15  for 
run-of-mine.  Other  Eastern  coals  are  in 
fair,  steady  demand,  the  situation  re- 
garding all  but  Indiana  coals  being  a 
little  better  than  normal  for  a  summef 
season. 

Cleveland 
July   11— Locally,  trade   is  very  quiet. 
No  new  sales  are  noted,  and  only  con- 
tract deliveries   are   being   made.     Lake 
tr.ide  continues  quiet. 


July  It),  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


143 


Prices,  however,  are  firm  and  un- 
changed. Middle  district  coal,  f.o.b. 
Cleveland,  is  quoted  at  $2  for  l'4-in.; 
$1.85  for  M-'i-;  SI. 75  for  run-of-mine; 
and  .S1.65  for  slack.  No.  8  and  Cam- 
bridge districts,  15  or  20c.  higher. 
Youghiogheny,  S2.45 Cci 2.50  for  l'4-in.; 
S2.30f-(2.35  for  44-in.;  S2.20ft(2.25  for 
run-of-niine;   and  SLSOCri  1.85   for  slack. 

Indianapolis 

July  10 — When  the  Indiana  mines  and 

operators  met  in  joint  conference  in  Terre 

Haute,  July   7,   it   was   explained   to   the 

delegates  that   the   scale  committee   had 

igreed  on  all  of  the  clauses  of  the  wage 

contract  except  the  one   imposing  a   fine 

for  strikers  who  went  out  before  resdrt- 

ng  to  arbitration  for  a  settlement  of  lo- 

;al   grievances.     Soon   after  the   confer- 

;nce  was  called  to  order.  President  Van 

,^o^n,  of  the  Miners,  moved  that  a  new 

'.cale    committee    be     appointed.       This 

tarted  a  discussion.  The  operators  based 

heir  fight  for  a  fining  clause  upon  the 

ontention  that  the  mine  workers  are  un- 

ble  [0  control  their  own  members.     The 

perators  then  submitted  a  proposition  for 

fine  clause  that  would  provide    for  a 

eavy  penalty  for  the  operator  who  vio- 

ited  'the   terms   of   the    wage    contract. 

0  definite  action  was  taken  on  this  prop- 
;ition.  but  after  a  wrangle  which  de- 
-■loped  a  deadlock  on  the  fining  clause 
le  matter  was  submitted  to  a  joint  com- 
ittee  instructed  to  report  July  9.  The 
immittee  on  that  day  reported  that  it 
luld  not  agree  on  the  fining  clause  of  the 
age  contract,  and  that  there  was  no 
ospect   of  a   compromise;   that   it   did 

i  It  admit  of  a  compromise.     Secretary 
;nna.  for  the  operators,  announced  that 
len  the  joint  conference   reached  final 
journment  the  temporary  contract  un- 
r  which  the  men  are  working   (the  fin- 
l.iuse   inoperative)    would   be   at   an 
The  miners  contended  that  it  should 
•;ue  until  the  regular  two  years'  Cott- 
le made.     It  is  believed  the  confer- 
'.vill  adjourn  without  accomplishing 
:;ng. 

Pittsburg 

/«/)'  12 — Demand  for  coal  from  manu- 

I'turers  has  shown  an  improvement,  as 

■M.ints  which  closed  June  30  for  in- 

■ry   and    repairs    are    getting   started 

*  y  rapidly.     Demand  in  the  Lake  trade 

1  good  and  shipments  are  extremely 
tivy.  Prices  are  fairly  well  maintained 
•1  'innerly  quoted:     Mine-run  and  nut. 

"1.25;  M-in.,  SLSO^Ti  1.35;  domes- 
j-in.,    $1.50;    slack.    80f;85c.    per 

ncllsvHle    Coke — The    demand    for 

rt  furnace  coke  referred  to  a  week 

•'.  and  due  to  the  holiday,  has  eased  off 

*!    the    spot    furnace-coke    marker    is 

to   its   former   level,   after   an   ad- 

■  -^;  of  10c.     Demand   for  spot  is  quite 


limited,  bur  there  is  little  standard-grade 
coke  pressing  on  the  market,  offerings  of 
coke  which  must  be  moved  to  avoid  de- 
murrage referring  to  off  grades.  There 
is  nothing  being  done  in  contract  furnace 
coke.  So  far  as  known,  only  one  fur- 
nace interest  which  is  sure  to  run  this 
half  year  is  uncovered,  and  it  has 
adopted  the  policy  of  buying  from  time 
to  time  in  the  spot  market. 

Demand  for  foundry  coke  is  good,  sev- 
eral consumers  whose  contracts  expired 
buying  prompt  coke  from  time  to  time, 
while  others  are  in  the  market  for  con- 
tracts. The  Westinghouse  Electric  and 
Manufacturing  Company's  contract,  in- 
volving 10  to  12  cars  weekly,  is  not 
closed  yet.  The  Standard  Sanitary  Man- 
ufacturing Company  today  inquires  for 
about  10  cars  daily  for  the  twelve- 
month, for  its  Allegheny  and  New 
Brighton  plants. 

We  quote  standard  Connellsville  coke 
per  net  ton:  Prompt  furnace,  SI. 65; 
second-half  contracts  (nominal),  S1.75 
'i/1.85;  72-hour  foundry,  prompt,  $2.10 
fii  2.2b;  twelvemonth  contracts,  S2.25(?7 
2.50  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  low-er  Connells- 
ville region  in  the  week  ending  July  2 
a-  400,226  tons,  an  increase  of  7000  tons, 
and  shipments  at  4423  cars  to  Pittsburg, 
6648  cars  to  points  west  and  863  cars 
to  points  east,  a  total  of  11,934  cars. 


Si.  Louis 

July  II  The  fact  t^:at  the  joint  meet- 
ing of  the  miners  and  operators  in  Chica- 
go last  week  adjourned  without  reaching 
an  agreement,  has  had  a  bracing  effect 
in  this  market.  A  large  number  of  people 
thought  that  this  meeting  would  result  in 
a  settlement,  but  the  operators  were  firm 
in  their  demands  and  held  together  un- 
usually well.  There  will  probably  be  no 
other  meeting  before  next  month  and  con- 
sequently work  will  not  be  resumed  in  the 
Springfield  and  Carterville  districts  prior 
to  that  time. 

As  soon  as  it  was  definitely  learned 
that  there  was  no  chance  of  an  agree- 
ment being  reached  in  the  Carterville  dis- 
trict, a  number  of  large  buyers  came  into 
the  market.  Railroads  are  buying  freely, 
though  not  as  heavily  as  last  month.  The 
price  has  not  actually  jumped  yet,  though 
all  indications  are  that  a  slowly,  yet 
steadily,  rising  market  will  prevail  from 
now  on. 

The  demand  for  mine-run  is  not  nearly 
as  keen  as  it  was  and  consequently  the 
majority  of  mines  are  now  running  on 
lump  This  has  caused  a  slight  falling 
off  in  the  price  for  screenings,  which  arc 
being  sold  at  5  or  10c.  per  ton  less  than 
lump.  Nut  coal  is  at  a  premium  and  is 
bringing  10  or  15c.  per  ton  more  than 
lump. 

The  anthracite  situation  is  improving 
a   little   and   the  demand   is   much   better 


ihan  at  this  time  last  month.  Dealers 
are  beginning  to  come  back  for  their  sec- 
ond supplies.  Country  dealers  are  also 
beginning  to  call  for  the  smaller  sizes 
and  consequently  the  demand  is  more 
evenly  balanced  than  heretofore.  Egg  has 
been  selling  a  little  slow  for  the  past  10 
days,  but  the  demand  is  picking  up. 

Current  prices  are  as  follows  for  the 
St.  Louis  market: 


SI. 

Mine.  I.ouls. 
lllinoLs,  Standard: 

0-in.  jnrnp  anil  I'KK SI. 'ID  SI. 92 

2-in.  lump  and  mil 1.0.5  1.57 

.Mine-run 1 .00  1.32 

Scieenings ().9.'>  1.47 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  CEK. . .  1.90  2.42 

3-in.  nut 1.50  2.02 

1-in.  nut 1.20  1.72 

Staunton  or  .\It.  OIhe; 

6-in.  lump  1 .70  2.22 

2-in.  nul  1   60  2.12 

.Mine-run  1   .00  2.02 

ScrecniUKs  1   50  2.02 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lunip  or  eni:  I   60  2.27 

.Wn.  nut 1   .iO  2.17 

.Mine-run I.:j0  1.97 

Screenines 1.30  1.97 

Pocahonta.s  ffnd  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 1 .  50  4 .00 

Mine-run 1.10  3.65 

Pennsylvania  .\nthracite: 

Nut .  stove  or  eKS 6 .  75 

Grate .  6.50 

.\rkansas  .Anthracite: 

Egg  or  grate 3 .  .15  3 .  35 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 5.40 

(ia.s  house 4 .  50 

.Smithing 4.15 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


German  Coal  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  fuel  in  the  German  Empire,  four 
months  ended  April  30,  metric  tons: 


Inii>orl8.  E.\ce88. 

:i.i)4'i.KT4  Exp;  4,(i(ia.7fl" 

2.414,H(ic.  Imp.    2,:)<.i:i,9iij 

•J(l7,Mli6  Exp.    l,(«in,77'.> 

"l),(»l  Exi).        471,K)X 


ExpiU'ts. 

Coal 7,ir2,iyi 

Brown  coal.. .        yo.itiM 
Coke i.'jriS.cM.T 

Brlqui'ts .~>41,<!ll<.l 


Total s.wt.Hijli 

Total,  lUtm..    8,48;,(KM 


.1,7:15.: 


Exp.    ;).2n8.282 


5,844,42y      Exp.    2,tA->,o'l 


Exports  this  year  included  15,870  tons 
of  coke  to  the  United  States. 

Belgian  Coal  Trade — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  fuel  in  Belgium,  five  months 
ended  May  31,  metric  tons: 


lmp«^rts.  Exports. 

Conl 2,.".(l'i,19.'i     l.»2().07l 

Coke ill),7lij        4'-'4,41" 

BrliiuptM ICKl.iir,       j^..^:) 


Total 

Total.  I'.Kiy. 


..  ■i.nm.VXi    2,6.V.I,(I71 
. .  ■j.m:!.'.!;*    2,61".48«i 


EXC098. 
Imp.    IM-l,V2i 

Exp.   •ii:).ii,'i'> 
Exp.    liiK,:)47 

Imp.    :r20.l-j2 
Exp.      73..-.4-.' 


Imports  are  chiefly  from  Germany  and 
Great  Britain;  exports  principally  to 
France. 

H'(7ji/i  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
Blvth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  July  2:  Best  Welsh  steam,  .S4.02; 
seconds,  S3. 78;  thirds,  S3.60;  dry  coals, 
S3. (50;  best  Monmouthshire,  S3.54;  sec- 
onds, $3.42;  best  steam  smalls,  SI. 86; 
seconds,  SI. 62.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less   2' J    per  cent,   discount. 


144 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


S  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW  R 


New  York,  July  13 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  have  been  only  moderately  ac- 
tive and  seem  to  have  settled  down  to  a 
period  of  summer  quiet.  The  bulk  of 
the  new  business  done  has  been  made 
up  of  small  transactions,  and  there  is 
a  tendency  to  price  concessions  that  does 
not  indicate  a  strong  position. 

In  pig  iron,  buying  has  been  less  ac- 
tive both  in  seaboard  territory  and  in 
the  central  West.  Users  of  foundry  iron 
do  not  seem  to  be  buying  much  ahead, 
m.ost  new  orders  being  for  delivery  in  30 
to  90  days.  Unsold  stocks  are  beginning 
to  exert  some  pressure  and  many  sellers 
are  inclined  to  make  small  concessions 
quietly,  but  not  on  fourth-quarter  busi- 
ness. That  possibly  accounts  for  the 
fewness  of  sales  running  beyond  Sep- 
tember. 

In  finished  material  the  bulk  of  the 
business  also  is  in  small  contracts.  Quite 
a  number  of  these  have  been  closed  for 
structural  steel,  chiefly  for  buildings  in 
Eastern  cities.  Some  orders  for  plates 
have  come  from  the  shipyards,  and  some 
more  are  expected  soon.  The  Texas  Oil 
Comptiny  has  let  contracts  for  200  miles 
of  8-in.  pipe,  100  miles  going  to  the  Na- 
tional Tube  Company  and  100  miles  to 
La  Belle  Iron  Works,  at  Wheeling. 

Jobbing  trade  is  not  quite  so  active  as 
it  has  been;  but  the  small  business  on 
the  whole  keeps  up  fairly  well. 

Pig  Iron  Production — The  reports  of 
the  blast  furnaces,  as  collected  and  pub- 
lished by  the  Iron  Age  show  that  on  July 
1  there  were  269  coke  and  anthracite 
stacks  in  blast,  having  an  aggregate  daily 
capacity  of  73,800  tons;  a  decrease  of 
3000  tons  as  compared  with  June  1.  Mak- 
ing allowance  for  the  charcoal  furnace^, 
the  total  estimated  production  of  pig 
iron  in  June  was  2,299,500  long  tons; 
for  the  six  months  ended  June  30  it  was 
14,968,500  tons.  Of  this  total  9,972,000 
tons  were  made  by  furnaces  owned  and 
operated  by  steel  companies. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore — The  move- 
ment of  iron  ore  by  Lake  from  the  Lake 
Superior  region  in  June  was  7,316,679 
tons,  exceeding  by  123,480  tons  that  of 
August,  1909,  previously  the  largest  on 
record.  The  total  movement  for  the  sea- 
son to  July  1  was  14,522,054  tons,  or 
5,819,735  tons  more  than  in  1909.  This 
ore  was  carried  with  about  20  per  cent, 
of  the  independent  fleet  tied  up.  About 
45  per  cent,  of  the  ore  brought  down  be- 
longed to  the  Steel  Corporation. 


Baltimore 

July  12 — Exports  for  the  week  in- 
cluded 1685  tons  steel  rails  and  115  tons 
rail  fastenings  to  Tampico,  Mexico.  Im- 
ports included  2616  tons  of  ferromangan- 
ese  and  88  casks  silicospiegel  from  Liver- 
pool; 10,400  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

July  12 — The  month  started  off  with 
conditions  quiet.  Further  curtailment  of 
production  will  be  the  means,  it  is  be- 
lieved, of  working  off  the  accumulated 
stock  in  the  South,  and  then  a  necessity 
for  a  larger  production  will  follow.-  Since 
July  there  has  been  a  material  reduction 
in  the  iron  make  in  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try and  another  blast  furnace  or  two  will 
be  blown  out  before  the  end  of  the  month. 
The  sales  that  are  being  made  nowadays 
are  in  small  lots.  Immediate  delivery 
iron,  or  rather  through  the  third-quarter, 
can  be  obtained  at  811.50  per  ton,  No. 
2  foundry.  The  furnace  companies  are 
holding  pretty  firmly  at  $12  per  ton  for 
delivery  during  the  latter  part  of  the 
year.  Some  special  brand  irons  are  not 
to  be  had  for  delivery  for  four  or  five 
months  to  come.  Basic  iron  is  enjoying 
a   fairly  good  demand. 


Chicago 
July  12 — Sales  of  pig  iron  continue  to 
be  of  small  lots  very  generally  distributed 
and  for  delivery  in  the  third  and  fourth 
quarters.  The  reluctance  of  furnace 
agents  to  name  the  current  low  prices 
on  end-of-the-year  and-  1911  deliveries 
persists  and  melters  are  not  eager  to 
close  contracts  for  such  supplies.  On 
business  for  third-quarter  delivery  South- 
ern brings  $11.50@12  Birmingham,  or 
$15.85@  16.35  Chicago,  and  Northern 
$16.50@17.  Aggregate  tonnage  of  the 
week's  buying  has  undoubtedly  been 
large,  but  it  is  almost  wholly  in  small 
lots.  A  few  contracts  are  being  made  for 
1911  delivery.  The  average  melter  seems 
to  be  still  of  the  opinion  that  prices  may 
fall  and  prefers  to  buy  for  30  to  90 
days  ahead.  Summer  conditions  have 
become  effective  in  some  manufacturing 
plants  with  the  result  that  they  are  not 
likely  to  use  so  much  iron  for  current 
business  as  heretofore,  yet  the  general 
demand  for  iron  and  steel  products  con- 
tinues large.  Structural  materials  are 
especially  active.  The  coke  market  is 
more  active  with  no  oversupply  and  the 
best   Connellsville   bringing  $5  Chicago. 


Cleveland 

July  18 — Lake  iron  ore  shipments  in 
June  were  the  largest  on  record,  7,316,- 
629  tons.  Unless  furnaces  take  more  ore 
than  they  have  been  doing,  the  move- 
ment in  July  will  be  cut  down.  No  new 
sales  of  ore  noted. 

Pig  Iron — The  market  has  been  quiet 
and  few  sales  are  reported,  though  us- 
ers are  taking  iron  well  on  contracts. 
Quotations  are  $16.65  for  bessemer; 
$15.25(515.50  for  No.  2  foundry;  $15.35 
(f?  15.85  for  No.  2  Southern;  $14.50@ 
14.75  for  gray  forge,  Cleveland  delivery. 

Finished  Ma/er/a/— Specifications  on 
contracts  come  in  pretty  well,  but  new 
business  has  been  limited  to  some  small 
structural    contracts,    a    few    orders    for 


plates  and  some  small  buying  of  sheets 
Prices  are  said  to  have  been  shaded  $] 
or  $2  per  ton  on  sheets. 


Philadelphia 

July  13 — The  only  interest  in  this  mar 
ket  is  in  basic  iron,  concerning  which  i 
number  of  inquiries  are  in  hand  bu 
no  sales  of  magnitude  have  been  closed 
Several  small  lots  have  been  taken  fo 
early  delivery  by  large  consumers,  wh« 
prefer  to  purchase  in  this  way,  with  thi 
idea  of  buying  at  lower  prices  within  ; 
few  weeks.  Two  or  three  inquiries  haV' 
been  made  relative  to  next  winter's  de 
livery,  but  nothing  has  come  of  them 
Nothing  has  been  done  in  foundry  an^ 
in  forge.  Southern  forge  has  been  of 
fered  recently  at  $14.50  and  Northern  a 
low  as  $15,  though  the  better  grades  ar 
held  at  $15.75.  The  usual  consumptio 
of  foundry  iron  is  taking  place,  but  four 
drymen  cannot  be  induced  to  buy  at  thi 
time. 

Steel  Billets — The  only  transaction 
consist  of  small  orders  for  August  d« 
livery.  A  further  drop  is  said  to  be  clos 
at  hand. 

Bars — Bar  iron  has  weakened  sligh 
ly  according  to  mill  reports,  and  a  fui 
ther  shading  is  regarded  as  probaMe  o 
autumn  business.  Store  sales  ha\ 
dropped  and  stocks  are  ample  for  th 
summer. 

Sheets — The  condition   of  the  trade 
uninteresting  and  large  buyers  have  di 
clined  some  inviting  offers  for  late  ai 
tumn  deliveries  at  concessions. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Large  deliveries  a 
being  made  on  late  spring  orders.  ^ 
new  business  has  been  placed  and  it 
rumored  that  shadings  are  likely  to  occi 
in  tubes.  Additional  orders  for  cast  pi| 
have  been  placed  within  a  week  in  tb 
territory. 

Plates — The  plate  mills  will  short 
resume  with  an  abundance  of  busines 
prices  on  ordinary  purchases  are  at  t! 
top  notch,  but  where  large  orders  a 
concerned  the  customary  shadings  a 
made;  much  new  work  calling  for  plat 
is  in  sight. 

Structural  Material — The  only  report' 
orders  this  week  from  this  territory  a 
one   very   large    one    from    the   Weste 
Maryland  road,  which  was  taken  by  ;, 
outside  interest,  and  quite  a  number 
trifling  orders  for  local  enterprises. 

Scrap — A  sale  of  old  car  wheels  is  r 
ported  and  an  inquiry  or  two  for  c 
steel  rails.  Steel  scrap  has  been  pu 
chased  in  small  lots  and  two  or  thr 
lots  of  No.  1  wrought  railroad  scrap  ha 
been  called  for. 


Pittsburg 

July  12 — In  several  finished-steel  pr 

ducts,  notably  merchant  bars,  mills  no 

an    improvement   in   specifications   sini 

July  1,  as  compared  with  the  tatter  b« 


I 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


145 


of  June,  although  there  is  probably  no 
Improvenient  as  compared  with  the  early 
part  of  June.  On  the  whole,  however, 
specifications  for  steel  products  are  bet- 
ter than  was  expected,  and  the  trade  is 
passing  through  the  midsummer  dullness 
with  less  disturbance  than  was  antici- 
pated. The  plants  which  closed  June  30 
for  inventory  and  repairs  are  getting 
started  somewhat  sooner  than  was  looked 
for,  the  most  noteworthy  instance  being 
the  case  of  the  Pittsburg  Steel  Company, 
which  expected  to  have  its  plant  idle  all 
this  month,  but  started  July  6,  having 
taken  some  nice  billet  and  wire  business. 

So  far  as  buying  is  concerned,  the 
Tiarket  remains  extremely  dull,  there  be- 
ing no  improvement  at  any  point,  but 
there  is  decided  encouragement  in  the 
fact  that  deliveries  are  really  being  well 
aken  all  along  the  line,  of  pig  iron,  of 
jnflnished-steel  and  of  finished-steel  pro- 
lucts.  This  illustrates  further  a  feature 
)f  this  year's  business,  that  actual  move- 
ment of  material  is  much  better  than 
vould  be  assumed  from  the  talk  in  the 
rade,  which  is  far  from  optimistic. 

Pig  Iron — Sharpsville  furnace,  of  the 
?harpsville  Furnace  Company,  blew  out 
m  Sunday,  which  leaves  11  of  the  21 
nerchant  furnaces  in  the  Mahoning  and 
5henango  valleys  in  operation;  three  on 
oundry  iron,  one  on  low  phosphorus  and 
;even  on  bessemer  and  basic,  and  further 
:urtailment  is  not  improbable,  there  be- 
ng  perhaps  200,000  tons  of  bessemer 
■nd  basic  in  the  yards,  with  fully  half 
;S  much  foundry  grades.  The  market 
las  been  extremely  dull,  but  there  is  quiet 
eslstance  to  further  declines.  We  note 
ales  of  50  and  100  tons  for  No.  2  foun- 
Iry  at  SI4.50,  Valley.  The  inquiry  of 
he  Andrews  Steel  Company,  Newport, 
Cy.,  is  out  today,  for  5000  tons  of  basic 
.nd  3000  to  3500  tons  bessemer,  for  de- 
Ivery  .August- December  inclusive,  and 
his  may  establish  the  market,  which  has 
•een  more  or  less  nominal  for  a  fortnight 
r  longer.  We  quote  at  Valley  furnaces, 
'Oc.  higher  delivered  Pittsburg;  No.  2 
oundry,  S14.50;  gray  forge,  $13.75;  mal- 
sable,  S15;  basic,  314.75;  bessemer, 
15.50  per  ton. 

Ferromangancse — The  market  is  quiet 
nd  softer.  We  quote  prices  SOc.  lower, 
s  follows,  f.o.b.  Baltimore:  Prompt, 
39^/39.50:  forward,  S,39.,SOfi7  40;  freight 
0  Pittsburg.  SI. 95  per  ton. 

Steel—  The  market  is  decidedly  easier 
n  open-hearth  billets  and  may  be  quoted 
■I. SO  or  S2  lower  than  at  the  beginning 
f  June.  Quotations  on  bessemer  are 
ominally  unchanged,  but  on  the  appear- 
nce  of  actual  business  mills  would  prob- 
bly  cut.  We  quote,  Pittsburg:  Besse- 
ler  billets,  S25(f(  25.50;  sheet  bars,  S26 
TJ26.50;  open-hearth  billets,  $26.50r?r 
7;  sheet  bars,  327.50^?/ 28.  Small  billets 
ommand  about  S2  premiums,  and  forg- 
ng  billets  are  quite  firm,  at  about  S30, 
•ittsburg.     Rods  are  lower  and  can  be 


had  at  $29  on  large  contracts,  odd  lots 
commanding  about  S30.  Rods  were  strong 
at  $33  at  the  opening  of  the  year. 

Sheets — Nominal  prices  on  sheets  con- 
tinue to  be  shaded  freely  from  $2  to  S3 
on  black  sheets  and  S3  to  $4  a  ton  on 
galvanized.  There  have  been  reports  that 
the  leading  interest  would  put  out  a  re- 
duced official  price,  but  inasmuch  as  the 
market  would  probably  shade  the  new 
prices  just  as  freely,  it  is  not  certain 
it  will  do  so.  Nominal  prices  remain  at 
2.40c.  for  black,  3.50c.  for  galvanized, 
$1.70  for  painted  corrugated  roofing,  and 
$3  for  galvanized  corrugated.  Blue  an- 
nealed sheets  are  well  held  at  the  regu- 
lar price  of  1.75c.  for  No.  10  gage. 


St.  Louis 
July  II — The  market  is  still  slow, 
though  a  few  buyers  have  been  taking 
small  lots  to  cover  their  needs  for  the 
next  90  days.  There  seems  to  be  no  in-« 
clination  to  buy  ahead,  and  all  purchases 
are  for  immediate  requirements  only. 
Stocks  in  the  hands  of  consumers  are 
not  large.  The  current  price  is  $12  per 
ton,  Birmingham,  or  $15.75,  f.o.b.  St. 
Louis. 


ill  METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


Netv  York,  July  13 — The  metal  mar- 
kets generally  continue  rather  quiet  in 
tendency  and  prices  do  not  show  much 
strength,  though  fluctuations  have  been 
small. 

Our  index  number  for  the  metals,  cal- 
culated on  the  approximate  production 
and  sales  of  pig  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead, 
zinc  and  aluminum,  was  127  for  the 
month  of  January;  124  for  February; 
118  for  March;  118  for  April;  113  for 
May;   107  for  June. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 

r;XITED    STATES     OOt-D    AND    SILVEB     MO^^!^tBNT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Oolil : 

May  V.nn. 

"       101  HI.. 

Y.-nr  mill.. 

•'       I'.IIV.l.. 

$    717,mB 

ll.l7i.ir,5 

ii.'Jii.-.m 

.'•.r..4.S7.891 

$  :t.l4.'',338 
•J,2ri.1,721 
U,81->.fi» 
17,7G7,8.i7 

Imp.t  2,425,Hf.O 

Exp.      8,nu7..';44 

:W.104.77I1 

37,720.034 

Sllv.r: 
MftV    lull). . 

"       1909.. 
Vear  1910.. 

••     urn.. 

l,17n,7.i< 
4,4'».»48 

22..'iiii;,8:i.n 
■J:t.sri4.iv>9 

.•),;l.->4.715 
3,8.57.388 
l.s,r.«),;«9 
18,.i;tt,7.53 

Exp.         81fi.a39 

571, 0«0 

3,013.486 

5,321,876 

Kxports  from  thi*  pm-t  of  NVw  Vi  rk.  wpck 
ondcd  .liily  1):  GoM.  .'i;!170il :  silver.  .•5ii.«3..SS1, 
rlilefiv  to  r.ondon  nnA  Taris.  Imporlw  :  fJold, 
.«fil,i)S.|  :  sliver.  .'SISO.C.;"-.  from  the  West  In- 
illes.   Mexico.   Cential   and   .'innili   America. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 

East  from  Jan  I  to  June  30,  reported  by 
Messrs.   Pixley  &  Abell: 


lii'lla... 
(iiliia. . 
.SI  rails.. 


1909. 
£3,040.9IHI 
I,16r.,KKI 
82,800 


1910.  Clianccs. 

f2.757,IKK)    D.    JC    2S:i.9flfl 


1.113,500     D. 
D. 


41,600 
82,800 


Tiitnl fl.'JTH.KiK)     je:i.s7ii..'-.i»i    d.   £    in«.;)iK) 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  15,97d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 


Gold — While  prices  on  the  open  mar- 
ket in  London  remained  unchanged  at 
77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d. 
for  American  coin,  there  was  competition 
for  supplies  arriving  from  the  Transvaal 
and  elsewhere.  Berlin  took  about  half 
the  available  gold  and  about  $3,500,000 
was  reported  taken  for  shipment  to  New 
York,  the  first  considerable  amount  sent 
this  vear. 

Platinum — According  to  advices  from 
large  concerns  in  the  business,  the  plati- 
num market  is  steady,  and  if  it  shows  a 
tendency  in  either  direction  for  the  mo- 
ment it  is  to  advance.  However,  buying 
by  consumers  has  lately  fallen  off  con- 
siderably, and  they  are  looking  for  a  fall 
in  the  market  before  many  weeks.  As 
noted  last  week,  prices  abroad  have  ad- 
vanced. Dealers  quote  here  $33  per  oz. 
for  refined  platinum  and  $37.50((/38  per 
oz.   for  hard  metal. 


SILVER    A.\D 

STERLING 

EXCHANGE 

.Inly. 

7 

B 

9 

n 

12 

13 

Now'York.... 

London 

Sterling  Ex.. 

54  « 

25A 

4.8556 

54% 

25  Ji 

4.8575 

55Jii 

25  fi 

4.8575 

5514 

25?,' 

4.8575 

54M 

25>.; 

4.8555 

54 

25 

4.8555 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 

silver,   0.025   flue. 

Silver — Spot  metal  in  London  had  a 
spurt  and  fall,  owing  to  operations 
by  the  bulls  to  corner  cash  silver,  com- 
pelling buyers  to  pay  an  artificial  price. 
The  situation  naturally  rectifies  itself  in 
a  few  days  after  such  violent  fluctuation. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

a 

io 

s 

Mji 

,a 

--.o 

.a 

S~ 

i? 

u 

II 

£  00 

s  u 

■^ 

35 

(dU 

3<rt 

0 

z5 

4.25 

XJJ 

Vi% 

12« 

4. 37.) 

4.974 

©5.02 

7 

om., 

®12ti 

54A 

32  Ji 

(3)4  40 

©4.27) 

12  ?i 

12  V 

4.37t 

4.25 

4. 97* 

ffis.oaj 

8 

®12K 

m-iH 

54K 

32« 

(SH  411 

©4  27J 

12« 

WX 

4.S7,( 

4.25 

4.97 
©5.02 

9 

ffll2J.,' 

®12J.' 

32H 

©4.40 

©4.27J 

yi'A 

12 « 

4.87) 

4.25 

4.95 

11 

®12J> 

mvi 

SSlI, 

S2X 

(SH.tO  If5)4.271rtf5.«0 

i-iJi 

12 

4.37(;     4.25  1     4.95 

12 

(S)12?. 

ffil2« 

521! 

S2S 

©4.40    ©4.271(25.00 

12?!, 

12 

4.:nj,     4.25  1     4.96 

13 

012*. 

©12. « 

63M 

32  !4 

©4.40  !®4.27;,®6.UO 

London  quotations  are  per  lone  Ion  (2240 
111.)  standard  coiiper.  The  New  York  quota- 
lions  for  eleclrol.vllc  copper  are  for  cakes, 
In.sols  and  wliebars.  and  repiosent  the  bulk 
of  the  transactions  made  wlili  consumers, 
basis  New  York.  cash.  The  prices  of  casting 
copper  and  of  electrolytic  cathodes  are 
usually  n.lioe.  below  that  of  electrolytic. 
The  qnotallons  fur  lead  represent  wholesale 
transactions  in  the  open  market.  The  quota- 
tions on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  Western 
brands :   special  brands  command  a  premium. 

Copper— The  market  has  been  quiet 
and  weakish.  This  week,  for  the  first 
time  in  many  months,  the  largest  seller 
met  the  market,  but  was  promptly  under- 
cut, electrolytic  being  offered  freely  at 
12K,  delivered,  30  days,  corresponding 


146 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


to  about  12.20'ii  12.25  cash.  New  York, 
with  sotne  business  placed  for  foreign 
delivery  on  lower  terms.  However,  buy- 
ers are  well  covered  for  early  delivery 
and  are  waiting  for  still  lower  prices.  At 
the  close.  Lake  copper  is  quoted  at  12J^ 
@12sic. ;  electrolytic  copper  in  cakes, 
wirebars  and  ingots  at  \2(ti  12'4C.  Cast- 
ing copper  is  quoted  nominally  at  11  ",s 
'(/12's   cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  18fa  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  e.xtras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

The  London  market  for  standard  cop- 
per has  been  weak.  There  has  been  a 
great  deal  of  realization  and  some  bear 
selling.  On  Tuesday,  spot  standard  de- 
clined to  £52  16s.  3d.  The  market  closes 
at  £53  7s.  6d.  for  spot,  and  £54  for  three 
months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
quote:  English  tough,  £56;  best  se- 
lected. £57r</57  10s.;  strong  sheets,  £65 
(Ti  66  per  ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  4765  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  at  311  tons. 

Brass  Prices — The  following  schedule 
of  brass  prices  took  effect  July  1  :  Sheet 
brass,  high,  14i4c.,  and  low,  I5.V4C.; 
brass  wire,  high,  14}4c.,  and  low,  16',ic. ; 
brass  rods,  high,  14Mlc.,  and  low,  \6'/,c.; 
brazed  brass  tubing,  ISrsc,  and  open- 
seam,  17;-,sc. ;  brass  angles  and  channels, 
17>^c.  The  prices  quoted  are  net  per  lb. 
for  base   sizes. 

Tin — Speculative  interest  seemed  to  be 
entirely  absent  from  the  London  market. 
Transactions  on  the  London  Metal  Ex- 
change broke  the  record  last  week  so  far 
as  their  smallness  was  concerned.  The 
tendency,  naturally,  was  a  sagging  one 
and  tre  decline  in  the  market  was  helped 
by  the  weakness  of  copper.  The  close 
is  cabled  at  £148  12s.  6d.  for  spot,  and 
£149  15s.  for  three  months. 

Some  business  look  place  between 
dealers  in  the  domestic  market,  but  con- 
sumers are  still  fighting  shy.  Spot  ma- 
terial can  be  bought  at  the  close  at 
about  32  K>  cents. 

Ricard  &  Freiwald,  London  and 
Amsterdam,  estimate  tin  supplies  us- 
ually included  in  visible  stocks  as  fol- 
lows, for  the  twelve  months  ended  May 
31:  Straits,  57,064;  Australia,  5008; 
Banka  and  Billiton,  14,942;  total,  77,014 
long  tons.  The  deliveries  for  the  twelve 
months  were:  London,  15,726;  Holland, 
13,778;  other  Europe,  8700;  United 
States,  39,350;  total,  77,554  long  tons, 
being  540  tons  in  excess  of  the  supplies. 

Messrs.  Robertson  &  Bense  report  re- 
ceipts of  tin  ore  and  concentrates  from 
Bolivia  at  Hamburg,  Germany,  in  June  at 
479  tons. 


Lead — The  market  is  more  active  and 
a  good  business  is  reported  at  4.25® 
4.27v.;c.  St.  Louis,  and  4.37 '..r,/ 4.40c. 
New  York. 

The  London  market  is  unchanged  at 
£12  lis.  3d.  for  Spanish  lead,  and  £12 
13s.  9d.  for  English  lead. 

Spelter — The  market  is  quiet.  Gal- 
vanizers  report  less  business  and  con- 
tinue to  buy  from  hand  to  mouth.  The 
close  is  quoted  at  4.95ff(  5c.  St.  Louis, 
and  5.10f<i5.15c.   New  York. 

New  York  quotations  for  spelter  Juh- 
7-9  inclusive,  were  5.12' jCi/ 5.17'_,c.; 
July   10-13  inclusive,  5.10fr(5.15  cents. 

The  London  market  is  somewhat  firmer 
at  £22  7s.  6d.  for  good  ordinaries  and 
£22  12s.  6d.  for  specials. 


Other  Metals 


*  Aluminum — The  market  is  steady  and 
we  quote  23!/4C.  per  lb.  for  No.  1  ingots. 
New  York.  In  finished  metal  there  is 
not  much  doing  in  wire,  but  the  market 
for  sheets  is  active.  The  Aluminum  Com- 
pany of  America  is  increasing  its  rolling 
capacity  to  meet  the  d'emand. 

Antimony — The  market  is  very  dull, 
and  in  the  absence  of  sales  prices  are 
nominally  unchanged.  Cookson's  is 
quoted  at  8.15rt/8.20c.  per  lb.  Other 
prices  are  7"s'((8c.  for  U.  S.;  l^^sfaT  jc. 
for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  is  quieter  than 
it  has  been  and  prices  are  un- 
changed. New  York  quotations  are  S47 
per  flask  for  75  lb.  for  large  orders;  848 
fK  49  for  jobbing  lots.  San  Francisco, 
S46'r(  46.50  for  domestic  orders  and  S2 
less  for  export.  The  London  price  is 
£8  15s.  per  flask,  with  £8  12s.  6d.  quoted 
by    jobbers. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40';7  45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  S1.50  per  lb.  tor  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.h. 
New  York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
'•"70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York;  according  to  quality  of  metal. 


Zinc  and  Lead    Ore    Markets 


Joptin,  Mo.,  July  9 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  $44  per 
ton;  the  assay  price,  S40rrt41  per  ton  of 
'1O  per  cent.  zinc.  The  base  price  of  zinc 
silicate  was  9i20<fi2Z  per  ton.  The  aver- 
age price,  all  grades  of  zinc  ore,  was 
S36.62  per  ton.  The  highest  price  paid 
for  lead  ore  was  .S49,  with  deductions 
of  SI  per  ton  for  each  unit  under  8(1 
per  cent,  grades.  The  average  price,  all 
grades,  was  S48.54  per  ton. 

The  market  continued  strong  through- 


out the  week,  despite  the  absence  of  sev- 
eral buyers  from  bidding.  It  was  a  pre- 
dicted certainty  in  mid-week  that  all  zinc 
prices  would  advance  this  week,  and  this 
probably  would  have  been  the  result  had 
not  several  buyers  withdrawn  from  the 
market.  As  it  was,  no  ore  was  sold  un- 
der a  S40  base,  an  advance  of  SI  on 
the  under  side  of  the  market. 

SITIl'MEXTS.    WI'^EK    ENDED    JULY    11. 


Wfljb  t_'ity-Cai'terviUe 

Joplin 

Dncuweg 

lialena 

spurgeon 

(Ti-aDhy 

Jackson 

Alba-Neck 

Oronogo 

Carl  Junction 

Badger 

Sarcoxip 

.\nrora 

Miami 

Carthago 


T.  .tnls 9,827,930 


Zinc,  lb-  Lead  lb.    Vahio, 


3.9611,070 
■2,179.4.50 
ii.ili  OlO 
4C..'),I1(J0 
l>a6.36U 
.V2K.7(iO 
307,3.50 
■2119.000 
23'.),r>90 
141,060 
US,150 
in,^240 
IC.8.130 
(3.980 
.57.090 


.534,790 
■308,^230 
30.320 
•22.'220 
16.(110 
16.070 
3,860 


974.990     $203 


t8K.:W2 

51.063 

10.S3L' 

.     0,(118 

7. ',1(19 

(1,7'20 

.1.93^2 

6.649 

4.70.5 

3,377 

2.9(13 

2.34,5 

1.749 

1.:H3 

1.169 


28  weeks 307,886,830  46.688.570    S7,;i(lll.9(lli 

Zinc-  value,  the  week,  *180.(K)7;   -28  weeks.  $6.120.10ii 
Lead  value,  the  week.      23.769;    28  weeks.     1.180.811(1 

MONTin.Y   .\VEr!.\(iE   I'ltlCES. 


January. . . , 
Februarv,. . 
:Malcb.   !.. 

Al.ill 

:M!iy 

June 

July 

August 

Sejitenibel*  . 

(_)i;t..ber 

November.. 
December . . 

Year 


Rase  Price.     .-Vll  Ores. 


$43.98 


$47.31 
40.69 
43  60 
41.00 
4(1.19 
40.20 


$;iS. 46  $46.16 


34.3' 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.. 54 
44.87 
45.78 
48.29 
47.. 57 


39.47 
.39.71 
39.33 
37.. 51 
37.83 


,$41.20 $.54.60 


1909.     1910. 


$52.17|$56 


82  i 

:51 ,21; 

63 1 

49.72 

.59 

48.1(1 

.52 

48.8(1 

74 

Xmte — ruder  zinc  ore  the  fii-st  two  coi 
unins  give  base  pi-ices  foe  (iO  per  cent,  zini- 
'ire:  the  second  two  th*-  average  for  all  oce.'^ 
sold.  Lead  ore  pi'ices  ace  the  average  tor 
111  I    oi-es    sold. 


Platteville.  Wis  ,  July  9-— The  basi 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore,  60  pci 
cent.,  was  S40  per  ton.  The  base  prict 
p.iid  for  80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  S48c</ 
50  p*er  ton. 


SIIIl'.ME.NTS. 
Camps. 


WEEK    EXnEI)    JULY    11. 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 

riatteville 316.000 

Cuba  City 164.485 

(Inlenn 1.59.(180 

Highland 66.(10(1 

Kbullsburg 64.0(10 

Rewey 


Lead    Sulplim 
ore,  lb.    ore.  lb. 

637.2(l(' 

64.88(1       191,3'2li 


Total 

Year  to  date . 


.  .  ,       769,6(1.5  (■4,88(1       ,878..5-Jc , 

. .  42.621  .-241     3.1167.7(19  ll.->36.Si: 


In  addition  to  the  above  there  was 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separating 
plants,   1,808,735  lb.  zinc  concentrates. 


Other  Ore   Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  eeni. 
iron  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — 55  per 


July  16,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


147 


ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nrmbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  'ron — 
S4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organi.^ation 
of  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quality  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  or  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  S3f</3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  40  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Zinc  Ore — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende. 
delivered  at  Kansas  smelting  points,  the 
current  price  is  for  the  zinc  content,  less 
eight  units,  at  the  St.  Louis  price  for 
spelter,  less  SI4r<;  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore, 
according  to  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
1 1 'i'/ 1 1 '  jc.  per  unit,  delivered  at  east- 
ern acid  works;  fines,  lO^Oi  lie.  Pyrites 
containing  arsenic  realize  from  J^@lJ^c. 
per  unit  less. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframiti 
and  huebnerite  ores,  .SO.SO'i/T  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  for  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
ite  ores,  50c.''((  1.50  per  unit  less. 


Petr 


CHEM ICALS 


New  York,  July  13 — The  market  con- 
'inues  quitt.  Contract  deliveries  are 
icady,  but  new  business  rather  slow. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  rather 
easy,  but  quotations  are  unchanged  at 
^4  per  100  lb.  or  carload  lots  and  ,S4.25 
per  100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — Trade  is  improving  slightly, 
in  consequence  of  some  good  purchases 
M'ade  by  manufacturers  of  paris  green 
nd  other  insecticides.  Prices  are  a 
-iiEde  firmer,  S2.306/2.37'i  per  100  lb. 
teing  quoted  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  is  still 
rather  inactive,  and  quotations  are  un- 
-hanged  at  2.10c.  per  lb.  for  both  spot 
nd  forward  dates. 

Messrs.  Mortimer  &  Wisner.  New  York, 
report  the  position  of  nitrate  in  the 
United  States  as  follows,  in  long  tons: 


I'.KRl.  llllll. 

■ii'Tks.  Jnn.  1  !l,Ul)  :4,IHKl 

Arrlvnls,  G  mos I.'>ii,:<.''i(i  'iiui.KKi 

Total  siiiiplloii 1.')9,4<III  274.1(1(1 

Dellvprli'H.  i;  mos l.58,.i!i(i  •jh.'>,:«k) 


Stocks,  July  1 . 
Allnat  for  tt.  S.  . 


900 
71,0011 


IS.HOO 

7.'>.ono 


CbailKe.s. 
I.  4,M('.(I 
I.    109,7.10 

I.  ii4,mo 

I.  99.710 
I.    14,900 

I.     .VI 100 


Quantities  afloat  include  all  cargoes 
due  to  arrive  at  United  States  ports  be- 
fore Oct.  15  next. 


Exports  of  mineral  oils  from  the  United 
States,  five  months  ended  May  31,  in 
gallons: 

19119.  19  HI. 

Crude  petroleum t^l.t;rj,H42       .'iH,r.7;j,79-' 

Nniilitlms 29.190,1111        :)7.7.'>3.99-' 

lllUMiiiintlriK  oil 41i,3.'iH.HUy  :iKl,J49,or>- 

Lulirliatincniiil  pnrallln..  Wl.imn.ll'k'i       tl3,277..'>7.' 

R'sKluuni 4l,»'.U.040        4:),79».72 

Total (•,<)ti.742.3.i7      .5m,7.'l:),l:t7 

The  total  decrease  this  year  was  21,- 
989,220  gal.,  or  3.6  per  cent. 

Oklahoma  petroleum  production  in 
,|iine  is  reported  at  4,700,162  bbl.;  ship- 
ments, 4,719.590  bbl.  Stocks  on  |uly  1 
were  55,903,"47  bbl.  During  June  there 
were  436  new  wells  completed,  of  which 
2.H  were  gas  and  408  oil  producers. 


ing  official  is  vouchsafed  for  June,  con- 
tents of  the  Lake  Copper  rock  are  be- 
lieved to  have  been  about  20  lb.  to  the 
ton,  or  1  per  cent.  The  new  management 
is  considering  the  advisability  of  giving 
up  rock  shipments  for  mill  treatment  and 
devoting  its  efforts  to  further  develop- 
ment of  the  mine.  Not  that  they  have 
lost  faith  in  the  property  but  that  mill 
runs  are  a  needless  expense  and  do  not 
necessarily  indicate  anything  as  the  runs 
are  on  small  amounts  of  copper  ore. 

Winona  mining  directors  have  levied  a 
,■^1   assessment  payable  Aug.  9.  making  a 

COPPER  I'KODVCTION   Kin-OUTS. 
iCjipir  lontent.s  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


I/V' 


MINING -STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  July  13 — Various  influences 
have  been  working  on  the  general  stock 
markets,  but  on  the  whole  the  depressing 
t)nes  seemed  to  predominate.  While 
trading  has  not  been  especially  active, 
prices  have  not  recovered.  Occasional 
little  rallies  had  only  slight  effect  and 
quotations  remain  at  a  low  point  for  al- 
most all  stocks.  Very  little  support  has 
been  given  to  the  market  in  any  direc- 
tion     Outside  trading  is  still  small. 

There  was  one  sale  of  Homestake,  of 
South  Dakota,  110  shares  changing 
hands  at  S89.75  per  share. 

The  Curb  has  been  inclined  to  quiet 
;'nd  depression,  with  only  a  moderate 
volume  of  trading.  Copper  stocks  were 
only  moderately  active,  with  no  great  de- 
mand, and  most  of  them  made  fractional 
declines  during  the  week.  Goldfield  Con- 
solidated was  heavy  and  lower,  and  buy- 
ing was  slow.     Ihe  other  Nevada  stocks     — 

were   weak   in   sympathy   and   were   only     viii.'!'!'!'! 

lightly  sold.     The  Cobalt  list  was  a  little     }^ 

more   active,  but  also  showed  a  declin-     xi'.V.'.'.!! 

ing  tendency.    On  the  whole,  the  market     ''^ 

closed  in  rather  a  depressed  condition.  Year. . . 

1.1910,,., 

Butte,  Mont..  July  6 — The   volume   of     iii!!."'.'.' 

business  on  the  Butte  Mining  Stock  Ex-      \}  

change   for  June   was   light,  only   57,875     vi;.'.' .'.".'.' 

shares,  of  a  total  value  of  .'?53,244  having     

been  sold.  Butte  &  Superior  headed  the 
list  with  17,600  shares  and  North 
Franklyn  was  second  with  7500  shares. 


Company. 

.^prll 

>Ia.v. 

June. 

Arizona.  Ltd 

2,340,000 
1,109,311 

2.777,8011 
9,'.V20,00I) 
2,4(KP,I»I0 
4.2(;2,IKIO 
1,930.IHKI 
WIO.OOO 
.'i.ijOO.OOO 
2,32.5.0IMI 
1.2N«,IK"J 
2,130  IHll) 
7.902.(V13 
2.5,0(H),tlOO 
10.2,')0,IHKI 

i.oio.ooo 

1.148.7C12 

2.73.%,li80 

10,283.S.'i.'i 

1,778.000 

4,3I«),II00 

2,i«.').r.:)9 

7IHI,IHH) 
,5  ,5(K1.0IK) 
2.174.01X) 
1.32i;.000 
2.270.000 
s.Ki;2,'.«iO 
24,8')0  IHIfl 
19,2.tO,IKKI 

2.mi.oaa 

1,-22C,000 

Bolno  (Mexico) 

CoppfT  Queen 

Calumet  &  Ariz 

Cananoa  (Moxlco), 

Detroit 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con.  (Est.) 
oitl  Domlninn 

4.280,000 

"sbir.ooo 

2,092,000 

Superli.r  &  Pitts.... 

Utah  Coiir-er  Co 

Butte  District 

Lake  Superior 

ls.ni:u,oao 

Total  proiluctlon 
Imports,  bars.  etr.. 
Imp.  ill  "i-e  ,^:  matte 

8i;9.34.7.-)4 
21,180,391! 
12,.-.27,371 

89,8;io.s:}i'i 
J4.K.-,0,919 
6,487.243 



Ti'tai 

120.r.42,.521 

121 .108.998 

linite  (listrici  :iiiil  I.iiKe  S'iperior  liffures  ore 
esiim.-iteil:  others  ai'e  reports  received  from 
companies.  In'porls  duplicate  production  of 
t'aiianea.  and  Iliat  pari  ol'  Copper  tjueen  pro- 
diictiiin  wtiii'ti  comes  tri  Ml  Nacozari.  B()leo 
lopper  does  nol  come  to  .\merican  refiners. 
I'lali  Copper  report  includes  ihe  output  of 
llie  Ifosion    mill. 

ST.\TisTics  nr  coi'it^r. 


Month. 


Boston,  July  12 — As  might  be  expected 
weakness  continues  in  the  copper-share 
market.  It  has  been  more  marked  dur- 
ing the  past  few  days.  Amalgamated 
and  Lake  Copper  both  sold  at  the  lowest 
of  the  year  today,  the  former  going  to 
S55.25  and  the  latter  to  S32.  In  January 
of  this  year  Lake  sold  at  S94.50,  so  thai 
the  depreciation  has  been  almost  two- 
thirds.  It  is  rumored  that  Amalgamated 
directors  will  pass  the  next  quarterly  di- 
vidend payment,  which  accounts  for  the 
depression  of  the  stock.     Although  noth- 


VII,  1909. 

viu 

IX 

X 

\i 

XII  

I,  1910.... 

II 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI....'..,. 
VII 


Dnlted 

States 

Product'u, 


ii8,277.r.o:) 

1 20,597 ,2:»4 
118,02;),13<1 
124.fi.'>7.709 
121,l'.18,3l!9 
117,328,(.,V. 


Illi,.i47,28' 
112.712,493 
120,IJ<>7,4li7 
117,477.KRI 
12:f,242,47(i 
127,219.188 


Deliveries. 
Domestic. 


Deliveries 
for  Export. 


VISIBLE  Stocks. 


Dnltod 
States. 


,8.58, 
■V.lli, 
190, 
472, 
.ill!', 
,003, 

,7fir., 

.4«t 
187 
,824 

,9m 

42.1, 

,:igr. 


Europe. 


Totnl. 


9l'Jt  j 
irui 

I'iOO 

IKNI 

.4IHI 

,1,011 

,SIMI 

,8IH1  I 

,4IKI 

,1100 

,400 

,401) 

,8110 


:io.'>, 

2iM, 

xa. 
■m;\  , 

370, 

:i89, 
;i8.'i, 
:i4i>, 

301 , 
373, 

:i88, 
:t99, 
401, 


,031 
7C7 
530 
772 
U2« 
,127 
,911 
139 
.,-)92 
,474 

,r>&9 

,373 
1.817 


l"ii;iii-es  are  in  pounds  of  line  copper.  I'.  9. 
Pi-oduciion  includes  all  <-opper  refined  in  llils 
counlr.v.  ImiIIi  from  domestic  and  Imported 
materia!,  Visjiije  stoi-ks  are  Ihose  reported 
on  llie  lirsi  dav  of  each  month,  as  lirouctit 
over   from    Ilie   preredinc   month. 


148 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  16,  1910. 


total  of  S22  per  share  paid  in.  King 
Philip  directors  have  also  levied  a  SI  as- 
sessment. These  two  companies  are  build- 
ing a  mill  between  them  and  the  expense 
has  been  greater  than  they  anticipated. 
The  bulk  of  the  King  Philip  stock  is 
owned  by  the  St.  Mar>''s  Mineral  Land 
Company. 

North  Butte  shares  are  back  to  around 
$20,  although  there  are  evidences  that 
there  has  been  inside  accumulation  in  it 
of  late.  Copper  Range  is  off  to  $58.50. 
Sentiment  is  not  particularly  optimistic  on 
copper  shares.  Calumet  &  Hecla  after  a 
recent  low  at  $500,  a  price  below  that  of 
the  1907  panic,  has  steadied  and  is  now  a 
trifle  above  this  figure. 

The  Curb  market  has  witnessed  a  lower 
level  of  prices  in  sympathy  with  the  big 
market,  although  Chino  and  Calaveras 
have  shown  strength. 


Assessments 


Company. 


Alpha  Cod..  Nev 

Alta,  Nev 

Amador,  Ida 

Belcher.  Nev 

Caledonia.  Nev 

Central  Eureka,  Nev 

ChoUar,  Sev 

Copper  Kin?,  Ida 

Crown  Point,  Nev 

Davis-Daly,  Mont 

OouM  ,S:  Curry,  Nev 

Hancock  Con.,  Mich 

Justice. Nev 

La  Palma.  Cal 

May  Day.  Utah 

Mexican.  Nev   

Ophir,  Nev 

Reindeer,  Ida 

Rhode  Island  Copper,  Mich. 

Scottish  Chief,  Utah 

Silver  Hill.  Nev 

Texan,  rtah 


Delinq.    Sale.   I  Amt. 


July  :«) 
July  4 
Fel).  2+ 
July  4 
June  17 
June  VA 
Julv  :! 
July  30 
June  26 
Sept. 
July  17 
JAu.Oct. 
June  25 


Aug.  24 

July  2'.) 
June  ;iO 

July  29| 

July  8 

Julv  ir, 

July  2il 


July  20 
Aug.  iu 


June  10 

July 

l.i 

July 

23 

July 

4 

May 

31 

JulV 

27 

July 

2 

July  19 
July  25 

Aug.  17 
Aug.  2 
.Vug.     1 


Aug.  22 
July  23 


!0.05 

0.03 

0.01 

0.10 

0.10 

0.02J 

0.10" 

0.01 

0.10 

0.50 

0.10 

3.00 

0.03 

0.10 

0.02 

0.20 

0.25 

O.OOJ 

0..50 

0.01 

O.Oo 

0.01 


Monthly  .^-rernge  Prices  of  Metals 

SILVER 


January — 
FebruaiT-.. 
JIarch 

April.. 

May 

June 

July 

August  ... 
Septeniher. 

Octolier 

November.. 
December.. 


Tutal.. 


New  York.       London 


1909.     1910.     1909.     1910, 


750  52. 
472 '51. 
468  51. 
428  53. 
!H)5  53. 
,538  53, 
,1)43  .., 


J^nol 


New    York,    cents   per    fine    ounce ;    London. 
pence  per  standard  ounce, 

COPPER. 


New  yoBK. 


Electrolytic       Loke. 


1909.     I'.iIO.     1909.     1910. 


January. , , 
F<>hrunry,, 

Maivh 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Septenil"'!' 

October 

Noveinlter, 
Decemher. 

Year. . 


13.893  13.020  I  1  2,'<0  13.870  61 
12,1149  13,332  l:i  ■J',l"i'l3.719  5 
12,3s7  13  ■.!,'.-•,  I"  f>i:'\: 
12.51, 
12  h;' 
13.21 . 

12.8M0 

13.IHI7 

12  H70 
12.7IHI ,13  I 

13  125 Il3,3.-.l!. 

13.298 |13.6J 


I'.ISOII 


..  12.982 


13  3M 


.'58.732 


.923 
388 
214 


TIN 

AT   NEW   YORK 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

•  Month.        liK19. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February . . 

^larch 

April 

May 

June 

28.06r 
28.290 
28.727 
29.44.i 
29.225 
29.322 

32.700 
32.920 
.V2.403 
32.976 
33.125 
32.769 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29.125 
29.906 
30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
32.913 

29.723 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


July    12. 


Prices  are  In  cents  per  pound. 


LEAD 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March : . 

April 

May 

4.175 
4.018 
3.986 
4.168 
4.287 
4.350 
4.321 
4.363 
4.342 
4.341 
4.371 
4..')6i 

4.700 
4.613 
4.4.59 
4.376 
4.313 
4.343 

4 .  025 
3.868 
3  835 
4.0.51 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4.227 
4.215 
4.215 
4.2.52 
4.4.59 

4.. '182 
4.445 
4.307 
4.225 
4.1M 
4.207 

13,113 
13.313 
13.438 
13.297 
13.225 
13.031 
12.563 
12.475 
12.781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.125 

13. 
13 
13. 
12 
12 
12 

650 
,128 
063 
641 
550 

688 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November, . . 
December.. . 

4;  Year 

4.27. 

4.1.53 

13  049 

New    York  and   St    Louis,   cents  per  pound. 
Lcndon,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 

SPELTER 


New  York,  cents  per  iiound.  Eleclrolyllc  Is 
for  cakes.  Ingots  or  wlrebai-s.  London,  pounds 
sterling    per   long   ton.  standard  copper. 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5.951 

21.425 

23.3.50 

February 

4.889 

5.569 

4.739 

5.419 

21., 562 

March 

4.757 

5.637 

4.6117 

6.487 

21.438 

April 

4.965 

5.439 

4.815 

3.289 

21., -.31 

22 . 469 

Mav 

5.124 

5.191 

4.974 

3.041 

21.975 

22.1  IX) 

June 

5.402 

5.12Ji 

5.252 

■4.978 

22.000 

22.219 

July 

5.402 

5.252 

21.969 

August 

5.729 

5.579 

22.125 

September  . . 

5.796 

5.646 

22.906 

October 

6.199 

(;.043 

23.200 

November... 

6.381 

6.231 

23.188 

December... 

6.249 

6 .  099 

23.094 

Year 

5.503 

5.3.52 

22.201 

New   York  and   St.   Louis,  cents  per  pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 

PRICES  OF  PIG   IRON  AT  PITTSBfRG. 


January.. . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

Juue 

July 

August 

September 
October..  . 
November. 
December. 

Year 


1909.  1910.  1909.  1910.  1909.  1910, 


W7.46 


Basic. 


$17.9e$16.26 
17.21  15.90 
16.931  15.62 
16.841  15.06 
15.94  13.08 
15,601  15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 


.,$16.46 


$16,40 


$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15.53 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 

COLO.  SPRINGS  J 

uly  12 

SALT  LAKE          July  12 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  ot  Comp. 

Clg. 

Listed : 

Carlsa     

.45 

.05' 
.02J 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus  Ct>ji... 

.38 

Cripple  CrkCon.. 

.47 

C.  K.  &N 

.181 

Daly  Judge 

3.93 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

.09 

Gran<l  Central 

1.22,i 

Elktou  Con 

In>n  Hhissom — 

.79' 

ri  Paso 

.82 
.05* 

Little  Bell 

Llllle  Chli't...... 

1. 10 

Fannie  Rawlins.. 

J. 22 

.10 
.16 

Low<M-  Mammoth. 
Ma.sun  Valley 

.16 

Gold  Dollar 

6.. 50 

Gold  Sovereign . . . 

.03  J 

MnJ.  Mines 

.58 

Isabella 

.18 

iMav  Day 

.OH 

Mai-v  McKinnoy. , 

t,58 

Nevaila  Hills 

a.M 

Phnrinaclst 

.03J 

iN.'w  York 

.IS 

Portland 

1.10 

Prince  Con 

.69 

VInillcator 

.954 
.031 

Keil  Warrior 

6,00 

W"rl;    

SlhorKlngCoal'n 

2.10 

r"    " 

Sioux  Con 

.23) 

' 

1.00 

Uncle  8am 

.23 

1                         Mines 

.11 

victoria 

1.07  J 

Name  of  Comp.     Clg. 


COMSTOCK  Stocks 

Atlanta 

Belcher , 

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Conlidence 

Con.  Cal.  8t  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Exchequer 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  NorcrosB.. 

Mexican 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada — 

Union 

Yellow  Jacket 


.11 
.75 

.33 
.51 
.16 
.20 

J. 65 
.75 

t.65 
.18 
.14 
.20 

1.02 

1.03 
.90 
.20 
.16 
26 
M 


Name  of  Comp. 

Clg. 

MISC.  NETADA 

Belmont 

3.80 
06 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

Nfu-th  star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

.24 
.31 
.23 
.06 
.55 
11 

12 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 
Oro 

.06 
.04 
.48 
.04 
.23 
08 

Red  Hill 

03 

Sandstorm 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

.02 
.06 
.10 

Tramps  Con 

.04 

N.  Y.  EXCH.         July  12 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated 

Am.  Agri.  Chem.. 
Am.Sm.*Ref.,com 
Am.Sm.  4Eef.,pf. 

Anaconda 

Bethlehem  Steel.. 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  &  I. 
Colo.  Fuel  i;  Iron. 
Du  Pont  P'd'r,  pf. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 
Great  Nor.,  ore ctf 
Nat'nalLead,com. 
National  Lead,  pf 

Nev.  Consol 

Pittsburg  Coal — 
Republic  I&S,com. 
Republic  I  &S,  pf. 
SlossShetri"d,com. 
Sloss  ShefHeld.  pf 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper 

n.  S.  Steel,  com... 

D.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


Clg. 


56« 

40 

66  »i 
101 V, 

35  )S 

27% 
5!,- 

32 

87  J^ 
^41 

31 

68>i 
104  H 

17% 
tl8S4 

29  3i 

91     i 

64  I 
114 

21 1», 

4"', 

69 'a 
115 

69  HI 


BOSTON  EXCH.  July  12 


Name  of  Comp. 


Clg. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


July  12 


Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


Bonanza  Creek. 
Boston  Copper. . 
Brailen  Copper. 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines. . 
Butte  Coalition. 
Caledonia. 


:i8 

3% 

i% 

2K 
16>4 

1 

cS'ino.. ,_....[     10>4 


Cobalt  Central 

Cobalt  Prov . . 

Con.  Ariz.  8m 

Cumberland  Ely. 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop. .. 

Ely  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Gila  Copper 

GIroux 

Gold  Hill 

GoldfleldCon 

Greene  Cauanoa.. 

Guanajuato 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 
Miami  Copper  — 
Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 
Mont.  Shoshone.. 
JIont.-Tonopah... 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 

New  BJiltic 

NewUouse  M.  &  S. 
Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

PacifloSm,  &  M.. 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 


09 
159 
IK 

'I 
7 
.45 
3X 
2.22 
5 
6K 

H 

8X 
7 

1% 
185 
MH 

4 
.90 
17K 
61 
X% 
.70 
H 
7 
J3(4 
lOJi 

Hi 


Adventure 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc \ .. 

Arcadian  

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Butte  &  Balak... 
Calumet  &  .\riz.. 
Calumet  &  Hecla 

Centennial 

Con.  Mei-cur 

Copper  Range... 

Daly- West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana  

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

|La  Sal)e 

Mass 

[Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion. . . 

Osceola 

Parrot 

iQuincy 

Shannon 

(Superior 

Superior  &  Best.. 
Superior  &  Pitta 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S,  Smg.  &Ref, 
U.S.Sm.  S[Ro..pd. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria  

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


4 
32 
23 

4 
13 

5, '4 
tl5 
12  )i 
44  ^i 
510 
14 
.05 
59 

7 

6 

9y. 

27 
15M 

2A 
10« 
15 

3 
33?i 

63i 

4 
44 
ITK 
20 


32 
118 
12>,- 
67K 

9 
37  >i 

7X 

9« 
48 

5 
,35>^ 
47 

3 
20 

5 

100 
lii 


BOSTON  CURB   July  12 


Name  of  Comp.     Clg. 


1(S 


ifl 


Silver  Queen ;  .35 

Standard  Oil """ 

Stewart 

Tonopah 

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-BulUon 

W.  Va,  Wyo.  (^op. 
Yukon  Gold 


620 

»♦* 
8K 
.90' 

„** 

.2,V, 
4 


LONDON        July  ISl 


Name  ot  Com, 


Dolores 

Stratton'slud 
Camp  Bird..., 

Esperanzn 

Tomboy , 

El  Oro 

Oi-ovHlo. 
Mexlcf'  Mines 


Clg. 


£1108 

0  3 

1  7 

2  13 

nut 

1  6 
0  B 
9    2 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines. 

Bostoji  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Chamjiion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  .\riz .' 

Corbln 

Crown  Reserve... 
Flr.st  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nat'l  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Cool 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Arlz  . . . . 

South  Lake 

Superior  ,*;  Globe, 

Tlethewey 

Tuolumne  t'opper 

|VuItui-e 

Yum.a 


170 
t3 
1« 
.07 
3A 
9% 
t.05 

sa 

Mi 

05     . 

t2V 
3X 
7 

06 

53 
{22 

J2,'. 

2i» 
.23 

6 
t6', 

t.30  ' 
t.40 


tLast  nuotatton. 


AND 


l.Y..,V...|-.Y.Y.Y.vry.Y.Y.y.V7r.T7TAV 


^ffENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
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VOL.  go 


JULY  23,  1910. 


NO.  4 


cinvri.A  riu.\    sr.i  r/;.i//;.\  r 

During  lOli!)  irr  printed  and  circulated 
ii:{4..".(iO  copiex  of  The  Engineering  and 
Mining   .lorRNAL. 

Our  circulation  for  June,  IIUO,  wan  42.00r) 
<;opies. 

July    2 ll.iMKi 

July    9 !1,.">(I() 

July    1(! !)..jO0 

July    23 n.."i(K) 

Xonc  sent  free  rcijularly,  no  back  numbers. 
Figures   are   lire,    net   eireutatinn. 


Contents  paob 

Editorials  : 

Cost   o(   I'loducing    t'oppei' 14'.1 

Klectiic  Sti'i>l   I''urniKPs 151 

Secietaiy  BalliuKei'  a'Hl  the  Bureau  of 

Mines    151 

<^orrespondence    and    Idseusslon  : 

The  I.llirary  nf  ilie  American  Insti- 
tute of  .Minlnj;  Kngineers.  . .  .The 
Smol<e     XnisHiK-e     in     California.... 

Shaft    I'lumhinK 152 

The    lilamiind    Syndicate 15.3 

June    nil    Iiividends 153 

Sanll    Ste.    Marie   Canal    Traflic 153 

Uetalls    iif    rraetlcal    Mining: 

•Multiple  X"/.zlp  for  Uevolvlns 
Screens  on  iM-edces.  .  .  .  •Crossheads 
for  Sinking;  Unckets  ....  •Simple 
Scale  Car  .  .  .  .  Proposed  I.oufiwall 
Mlnln;;  in  the  Ti'ansvaal .  .  .  .  •The 
McCllI  Kail  Bender  ....  •I'riniing 
with  Klecn-ie  I'use.  ...  •Laboratory 
Klectric  I'urnace.  .  .  .<'learlnjr  lilast 
Furnace  Sla^'.  .  .  .  •Skip  I'oi'ket .... 
Cnderground  rrosi)ect  Prilling  in  the 
.Toplln  District  ....  I'slng  Second 
Class      Hutte      Ore      for      Converter 

Lining     l.->4 

<5oldlleld     Consolidated 158 

riant   of    the    Yacpil    Smeltlnj;   and    Refln- 

Ing    Company 158 

Cood    Faith    In    Minim;    Location. 

U.    IV.   Raymond  15n 

Recent    TarllT    Keclsion 15!l 

The  Creat    Norlhirii    Iron   Ore   Lands.  .  .  .    150 
*I)lstrlhMlion    of    Iron    Blast    r'urnaces   in 

the    Inited    States 150 

The     International     Congress    at    lUlssel- 

dorf 1 02 

•Sintering     IMvxess 103 

Changes   In    Iron   and    Steel    I'rlcea 103 

Tlie   New   Bureau   of   Mines 104 

•Surface     i;i[ulpmenl     at     Clonan     Shaft. 

Minevllle.    N".    Y (luu    C.    .s'/«(/r    1 0."i 

The  Walhi    .Mine  In    New   /.aland los 

The  Southern  Msirlct  of  Baja    California    lO.S 
•Snicliliig     Works    of    Tezlutlan     Copper 

Company i.     Van    /.train irrutnirti    101) 

Thln-I.incd    Blast    Furnace 172 

Nllrale    Iieposlls    of    Southern    California   173 
•The    MItihell    Slicing    System    at    BIsliee, 

ArlzfUia MorriM   J.    Etsiny    174 

•Mine    Rescue    Stations    In     Illinois. 

U.    y.    ^VilliamK   170 

Dangers   In   Coal    Dust 17S 

The   I'lttshurg   Coal    Agreement 17!l 

Connellsvllln     Coki' 17n 

Additional    Coal    I.a-ul    Wlthdrnwnla 17!i 

•The   I'eters   Coke   oven    Door ISO 

Personal.    Ol.ltuary    and    Societies 1.11 

Rditorlal    Correspiuidence 1S2 

lllning    News 1K4 

Markets    I'.m 

*niuKtratcd. 


The  Cost  of  Producing  Copper 

In  this  time  of  excessive  production, 
part  of  it  at  a  loss,  with  curtailment  un- 
der discussion  but  not  actually  in  sight, 
the  cost  of  producing  copper  is  of  par- 
ticular interest.  We  have  tabulated  some 
of  the  figures  for  1909,  as  reported  offi- 
cially by  the  companies,  as  follows: 


Cost 
Production,  per  I.b. 
.14 


Company. 
Nevada  Consolidated. . 

Baltic 

Champion 

Utah  Copper  Co 

Re<l  Metal 

Calumet  A-  Hecla 

t'nited  Verde 

Butte  it  Boston 

Boston  &  .Montana  .  .  . 

Osceola 

Superior  &  Pittsburg. . 
Calumet  *  .\rizona  .  .  . 

Briti.'ih  Columbia 

North  Butte 

Quincy 

Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.. . 


Total  <  lOe 639.087,732 

Utah  Consolidated 10,043.900 

U.  S.  Smelting  Co 36,672.606 

Clranhv 22,000,000 

Trenton 7.16s,318 

Tenne.s.see 14,n.->s,9.^i4 


34 

17 
18 
b\ 
34 
7."> 
36 
20, 
101, 
2.1, 
24.: 
27 

"e 

33, 

22 
108 


.iJ7 
,814, 
OO.i, 
749, 
6.i4, 
000 
,094 
9.'),') 
9.51, 
296 
325 
,630 
325 
102, 
11 


823 
836 
071 
233 
971 
000 
063 
910 
3.50 
6.57 
667 
050 
,000 
1.53 
,984 
964 


Total  10-1  Ic 89,943,778 

Total  <  lie 729,031, .510 


Anaconda  .... 

.Mohawk 

Arizona 

Old  Doininion. 

Cananea 

Imperial 


70.33.5.433 
11.248,474 
31.962.000 
25,417,712 
44,547,0S9 
10, .500,000 


9.00 
9 .  24 
9.38 
9.47 
9.66 
9  68 
9.77 
9.78 
9.98 
10  00 


10  07 
10  12 
10  ,50 
10  01 
10  68 


I  1  07 

II  21 
1111 

11  4:i 

I  1  61 

II  87 


Total  11-12C 200,011 

,042 
553 


929,( 
17 


,01 

,031 

.2.82 

..533 

.198 

.583 

.407 

,719 

,062 


308 
,818 
213 
556 
532 
404 
207 

no 

793 
255 
015 

,218 


Total  <  12c 

Shannon 

Franklin 

.Mlouez 

Triiuountain. , 
Tamarack  .  .  .  . 

Ahmei-k 

Ceiitciuiial.  .  .  . 

Parrolt 

Isle  Ko.vale.  .  . 
Victoria 


Total  12-I8C 65,9Sfi,3-i3 

The  above  statistics  are  computed  from 
the  official  reports  of  the  respective  com- 
panies, except  in  the  cases  of  Caluinet  & 
Hecla,  United  Verde,  and  Granby,  which 
are  estimated.  They  are  all  for  the  cal- 
eiidar  year  except  Imperial  and  Nevada 
Cons.,  which  are  for  their  fiscal  years  end- 


ing Sept.  30.  The  constituent  companies  of 
the  Amalgamated  are  reported  separately, 
their  output  aggregating  24(3.784,997  lb., 
but  the  Washoe  is  not  included,  its  fig- 
ures being  unavailable.  In  all  cases  the 
proceeds  of  gold  and  silver  are  deducted 
from  the  total  expense  before  determin- 
ing the  cost  of  copper  except  for  the  U.  S. 
Smelting  Company,  for  which  the  cost 
is  prorated  among  the  metals  produced. 

The  production  thus  reported  aggre- 
gates 995,029,121  lb.  out  of  the  total  of 
1,285,809,280  lb.  produced  in  North 
America  in  1909.  Of  the  unenunicrated 
copper  a  little  is  cheap,  like  that  of  Or- 
ford  and  Wolverine,  some  probably  cost 
from  10  to  lie.  like  that  of  Boston 
Cons.,  and  a  good  deal  including  the 
production  of  many  small  mines,  going 
chiefiy  to  the  custom  smelting  works,  was 
undoubtedly  of  a  cost  in  excess  of  12 
cents. 

Since  the  end  of  1909  there  have  been 
some  important  changes  in  conditions. 
Thus  Nevada  Consolidated  and  Utah  have 
increased  their  production;  cheap  copper 
in  both  cases.  Anaconda  reports  a  ma- 
terial economy  by  virtue  of  its  consoli- 
dation. On  the  other  hand  the  cost  to 
Cananea,  North  Butte  and  Calumet  & 
Arizona  has  probably  been  increasing  be- 
cause of  the  impoverishment  of  their 
ores.  The  high  cost  of  the  Ahmeek  cop- 
per was,  of  course,  due  to  that  mine  be- 
ing still  in  the  development  stage. 

We  have  many  times  remarked  the 
danger  of  attempting  to  deduce  costs 
from  the  returns  for  a  single  year.  Those 
for  1909  are  to  be  taken  merely  as  in- 
dicative of  general  conditions.  Some  of 
the  copper  producing  companies  keep 
their  accounts  in  reliable  ways.     No  one 


150 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


will  be  hkely  to  question  those  of  Calu- 
met &  Hecla  and  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co. 
The  Amalgamated  companies  lean  over 
backward  in  determining  their  costs  and 
there  need  be  no  suspicion  that  they  fail 
to  tell  the  whole  story.  Not  so  with  some 
of  the  others.  The  last  year  having  been 
of  relatively  low  price  for  the  metal,  and 
following  another  year  of  less  than  aver- 
age price,  the  chances  are  that  items  of 
operation  have  in  many  cases  been 
charged  to  capital  account,  rather  than 
vice  versa,  and  that  the  costs  reported  for 
1909  are  too  low  rather  than  too  high. 

Omitting  Anaconda,  which  copper  is 
now  probably  being  produced  at  less  than 
lie,  it  appears  that  nearly  200,000,000 
lb.  of  copper  officially  reported  for  1903 
cost  more  than  He,  and  nearly  (56,000,- 
000  lb.  cost  a  good  deal  more  than  12!_.c. 
On  the  strength  of  these  data  we  venture 
to  say  that  out  of  the  present  American 
refinery  production  of  120,000,000  lb.  per 
month,  approximately  8,000,000  lb.  per 
month  actually  costs  in  excess  of  12' jc. 
per  lb.  for  direct  operating  expense,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  20,000,- 
000  lb.  per  month  costs  more  than  W'/iC. 
per  pound. 

J.  R.  Finlay  in  his  treatise  on  the  "Cost 
of  Mining"  estimated  that  the  production 
of  948,000,000  lb.  of  copper  in  the  United 
States  in  1907,  required  mining,  milling 
and  smelting  plants  to  the  value  of  S102,- 
500.000.  This  wouid  be  about  10.8c.  per 
pound  of  production.  This  figure  is  prob- 
ably not  far  out  of  the  way,  but  if  any- 
thing seems  to  us  to  be  low.  In  the  cases 
of  most  of  the  older  companies,  which 
have  been  financed  and  refinanced,  it  is 
difficult  to  determine  how  much  has  actu- 
ally been  put  into  plant,  but  we  may  ob- 
tain some  indicative  figures  from  the 
newer  companies. 

The  Mohawk,  capacity  about  10,000,- 
000  lb.,  put  $1,350,000  into  plant,  or 
\3'Ac.  per  lb.  Balaklala,  of  about  12,- 
000,000  lb.  cap::city,  had  spent  Sl,- 
444,652  for  mining  and  smelting  con- 
struction up  to  the  end  of  1908,  or  I2c. 
per  lb.  Imperial,  which  produced  10,- 
500,000  in  1909  had  .SI, 488,992  in  mining 
and  smelting  plant,  or  about  14.2c.  per 
lb.,  besides  which  $800,000  had  been  put 
into  its  railway.  The  Moctezuma  Copper 
Company  reports  $1,607,229  in  plant  and 
general  construction,  which  is  12.6c.  per 
lb.  on  its  maximum  output  of  12,700,000 
lb.  The  Boston  Consolidated  up  to  Sept. 
30,    1908,    had    expended    $3,078,499    on 


plant  and  equipment,  or  about    15c.    per 
lb.     The    Utah    Copper   Company   up    to 
the  end  of  1908  had  spent  $5,741,000,  or 
about    10c.   per   lb.    of   maximum    annual 
production.     When  the  Miami  begins  pro- 
ducing early   in    1910  it   will   have   spent 
about  $3,500,000,   for  a   capacity  of  28,- 
000.000  lb.,  or   12', c.  per  lb.     Note  that 
the  Moctezuma,  Boston,  Utah  and  Miami 
costs  do  not  include  smelting  works.    The 
Arizona  Copper  Company  in  its  last  re- 
port   rated    its    plant    at    $3,442,293.    or 
10.8c.  on  its  production  of  31,962,000  lb. 
The  Shannon  plant  on  the  other  hand  came 
to  only  7.8c.  per  lb.     The  smelting  works 
of  the  Utah  Consolidated  alone  cost  about 
9.7c.  per  lb.  of  capacity.     Cananea  in  re- 
construction   since    July     31,     1906,    has 
spent   $4,205,966,   or   7c.    per    lb.    on     a 
capacity  of  60,000,000  lb.     We   are    dis- 
posed to  reckon  that  the  development  of 
our  great  copper  mines  costs  at  least  12c. 
per   lb.    of  producing   capacity    for   min- 
ing, milling  and  smelting  plant  alone,  i.e., 
after  the  mine  has  been  proved  to  such 
extent    as    to    warrant    the     provision    of 
large    plant,    about    $1,200,000    must    be 
provided  in  crsh   foi   each    10.000,000  lb. 
of    annual    capacity,    on     the      average. 
Here,  however,  we  must  pause  to  remark 
that  there   is   a   certain   relation   between 
equipment  cost  and  operating  cost.     The 
low   operating  costs  of   Nevada   Consoli- 
dated and  Cerro  de  Pasco  are  in  a  large 
measure   due   to   their  huge   capital    out- 
lays,   including   a    large    expenditure    for 
railways.     Conversely   some   of  the   pro- 
ducers   who    have    high    operating    costs 
doubtless  have  smaller  outlays  in  plant. 

Giving  consideration  to  this  condition, 
it  is  reasonable  to  estimate  that  all  the 
copper  produced  in  North  America  is 
subject  to  interest  at  5  per  cent,  and 
amortization  at  10  per  cent,  on  a  capital 
investment  of  12c.  per  lb.  of  production, 
and  that  the  high  cost  copper  is  charge- 
able with  the  same  rate  on  at  least  10c. 
In  other  words,  if  we  are  producing  8,- 
000  000  lb.  per  month  that  costs  12':.c. 
per  lb.  for  direct  operation,  the  real  cost 
is  in  the  neighborhood  of  14c.,  without 
allowing  anything  for  the  development  of 
the  mines  in  the  first  place,  i.e.,  if  the 
mines  had  been  given  to  the  exploiters 
for  nothing,  the  cost  of  their  copper 
would  be  14c.  per  pound. 

On  this  subject  Mr.  Finlay  enlarged  in 
the  following  manner: 

"Looking  to  the  future,  it  is  not  neces- 
sary  to   include   the    amortization    in   the 


cf.lculation  of  dividends.  It  is,  however, 
a  vital  necessity  in  calculating  the  cost 
at  which  the  mine  can  sell  copper,  for 
if  the  owners  were  to  sell  copper,  to  take 
this  example  at,  say,  10'. c,  because  they 
calculate  an  operating  cost  of  9.8c..  they 
would  be  in  a  fool's  paradise.  They 
would  be  losing  part  of  their  capital", 
burdening  themselves  with  the  conduct 
of  a  vast  business  for  less  real  return 
than  they  could  get  for  their  money  by 
buying  gilt-edged  bonds  and  doing  noth- 
ing." 

Why  is  it,  then,  that  producers  con- 
tinue to  sell  their  copper  at  a  loss?  The 
reasons  are  various.  In  the  first  place, 
suspension,  or  even  curtailment,  is  costly, 
and  production  will  be  continued  in  hope 
of  recovery  in  the  market.  Ignorance  of 
actual  cost  is  a  factor,  and  where  there 
be  no  ignorance,  indifference  may  play  a 
part.  Some  managers  may  deliberately 
squander  their  resources,  pay  dividends 
out  of  principal,  when  this  is  not  di- 
rectly apparent,  relying  upon  refinancing 
by  a  new  group  of  investors  after  pre- 
vious history  has  been  obscured  or  for- 
gotten. The  managers  of  some  of  the 
porphyry  mines,  possessing  enormous  re- 
serves of  ore,  may  be  willing  to  gut  their 
properties  for  the  sake  of  immediate 
profit,  disregarding  what  may  be  their 
status  10  or  20  years  hence,  although  in 
their  promotion  a  production  for  20  years 
at  an  expected  average  price  of  the  metal 
may  have  been  the  basis  for  determining 
value.  Such  a  policy  is,  of  course,  mere- 
ly a  form  of  robbery. 

It  has  been  remarked  that  a  low  price 
for  copper  has  never  curtailed  production 
and  it  is  a  fact  that  the  statistics  of  the 
world's  production  show  an  unbroken 
record  of  annual  increase  since  188(i,  in 
spite  of  the  crises  in  the  market  in  1889, 
1893,  1901  and  1907.  The  slumps  in 
1889  and  1901  were  of  comparatively 
brief  duration,  but  from  1891  to  1899  the 
price  for  copper  ruled  low,  and  yet  there 
was  a  steady  increase  in  the  production. 
The  deduction  from  the  statistical  his- 
tory of  the  last  25  years  is  that  a  low 
price  for  the  metal  does  not  automatically 
curtail  production,  and  that  recovery  in 
the  market  depends  essentially  upon  the 
normal  increase  in  consumption.  How- 
ever, a  low  price  for  the  metal,  while  not 
restricting  production,  may,  and  probably 
does,  reduce  the  ratio  of  increase,  and 
thus  enables  consumption  more  quickly 
to  overtake  production.     If  we  judge  the 


July  23,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


151 


future  by  the  past,  this  is  the  fundamen- 
tal condition  that  must  now  be  con- 
sidered. Since  the  end  of  1909,  we  have 
seen  manifestation  of  it  in  the  relaxation 
in  the  ratio  of  production-increase.  The 
consumption  has  been  stimulated  by  the 
relatively  low  price  tor  the  metal,  leading 
to  an  extensive  use  of  copper  for  pur- 
poses, e.g.,  in  building,  where  otherwise 
another  metal  would  be  employed;  and 
this  has  occurred  in  spite  of  the  slack 
demand  for  heavy  wire,  owing  to  finan- 
cial conditions  that  have  discouraged  the 
exploitation  of  railway  and  power-trans- 
mission enterprises.  Vi'e  must  await  a 
general  revival  in  business  before  we  can 
look  for  a  material  and  lasting  advance 
in  the  price  for  copper,  meaning  an  ad- 
vance to  anything  like  15'4C.,  which  is 
the  quantitative  average  for  the  last  1 1 
years,  but  whether  this  advance  be  de- 
layed one  year  or  two  years  or  more,  it 
will  sooner  or  later  come  to  pass  just  as 
surely  as  the  sun  rises  and  sets. 

The  above  paragraph  outlines  the  oper- 
ation of  natural  conditions.  An  improve- 
ment in  the  situation  would,  of  course,  be 
hastened  by  a  voluntary,  individual  cur- 
tailment of  production,  as  we  have  pre- 
viously suggested,  on  the  sound  ground 
that  there  is  no  sense  in  sacrificing  re- 
sources at  a  loss.  Although  the  teachings 
of  the  past  tell  that  heretofore  this  has 
never  been  done,  yet  in  this  year  of  1910 
we  have  new  and  unusual  conditions  that 
we  seriously  believe  may  be  met  in  a 
sensible  way.  We  have  reason  to  think 
that  one  group  of  producers  is  contem- 
plating a  movement  in  this  direction,  de- 
pending upon  the  good  sense  of  other 
producers  to  do  likewise. 


The  Electric  Steel  Furnace 

We  noted  in  a  recent  article  that  the 
production  of  steel  in  electric  furnaces 
had  grown  to  the  point  where  it  de- 
manded a  separate  line  in  the  returns  of 
output.  A  list,  recently  compiled  by 
Stahl  und  Eisen.  names  114  electric  fur- 
naces which  are  in  operation  or  will  soon 
be  ready  for  use  for  the  making  of  steel. 
So  far  the  different  types  of  arc  fur- 
naces have  found  most  favor,  77  of  the 
total  number  of  furnaces  being  of  that 
cl:  ?s,  while  35  are  induction  furnaces 
and  two  are  of  a  compound  type.  In  ad- 
dition  to   these  steel    furnaces   there   are 

vin  for  the  maB»ifacture  of  pig  iron 
from   ore,   six    of   whiob    are    already    in 


operation  while  another  one  is  nearly 
ready. 

Distributing  the  total  number  of  fur- 
naces geographically,  Germany  leads 
with  31,  France  coming  next  with  22 
while  Italy  has  12,  Austria  and  the  United 
States  each  10;  England  has  seven  fur- 
naces in  operation,  Sweden  five,  Canada, 
Belgium  and  Mexico  three  each.  Russia, 
Norway  and  Switzerland  each  have  two 
furnaces.  Spain  and  Brazil  each  one.  Of 
the  pig-iron  furnaces  three  are  in  Sweden 
and  one  in  Norway,  while  two  are  in 
Canada  and  one  in  California.  All  of 
these  furnaces  are  operated  by  water 
power,  but  of  the  steel  furnaces  ther.- 
are  a  number  for  which  the  electric  cur- 
rent is  furnished  from  steam-driven 
plants.  The  Heroult  type  of  furnace  is 
the  leader  so  far  as  numbers  are  con- 
cerned and  all  the  American  furnaces  are 
of  that  type. 

The  larger  number  of  projected  fur- 
naces, of  which  there  are  about  20,  some 
of  them  only  planned,  while  at  others 
construction  has  actually  begun,  will  be 
found  in  Sweden  and  Canada,  as  might 
be  expected  in  countries  where  ore  and 
water  power  are  abundant  and  fuel  has 
to  be  imported. 

The  electric  furnace  has  established  its 
place  in  the  steel  industry  for  certain 
purposes  where  special  refining  is  re- 
quired and  the  very  nigh  degree  of  heat 
w  hich  the  electric  furnace  can  produce 
may  be  serviceable.  Beyond  that,  it  is 
purely  a  financial  question,  and  electric 
working  will  be  introduced  only  where 
electric  power  can  be  supplied  at  a  rate 
which  will  make  it  cheaper  in  operation 
than  the  type  of  furnaces  at  present  in 
general  use. 


Secretary  Ballinger  and  the  Bureau 
of  Mines 

The  capture  of  the  new  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Mines  by  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 
for  the  time  being  is  complete.  The  tech- 
nologic division  of  the  Geological  Survey 
has  been  transferred  to  the  new  bureau 
and  Doctor  Smith,  as  acting  director  of 
the  latter,  is  carrying  on  the  work  accord- 
ing to  Ms  own  ideas,  and  Doctor  Holmes 
is  no  longer  in  charge  of  operations. 
Dissatisfaction  seems  to  be  rampant  in 
the  bureau  and  the  mining  industry  in 
general  is  disgusted  over  the  outcome.  It 
is  well  for  people  to  know  who  is  respon- 
sible for  this. 


Doctor  Holmes  is  entitled  to  the  chief 
credit  for  the  development  of  the  techno- 
logic division  of  the  Geological  Survey, 
and  having  been  largely  instrumental  in 
securing  the  organization  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines,  and  having  demonstrated  his 
excellent  capacity  as  an  administrator,  it 
was  expected  that  he  would  be  appointed 
director  of  the  new  bureau.  This,  how- 
ever, did  not  suit  the  ideas  of  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  Geological  Survey, 
wMch  inaugurated  a  campaign  for  a  can- 
didate of  its  own.  We  shall  refrain  from 
going  too  deeply  into  the  reasons  for  this. 
It  will  be  sufficient  to  say  that  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  evidently  desires  the  Bu- 
reau of  Mines  to  be  a  tail  to  its  kite. 
"  Here  we  come  into  the  Ballinger-Pin- 
chot  controversy.  Doctor  Smith,  of  the 
Geological  Survey,  was  one  of  the  star 
witnesses  for  Secretary  Ballinger,  and 
the  latter  is  said  to  feel  under  deep  obli- 
gation to  him.  Anyway,  the  secretary  ap- 
pears to  be  desirous  of  deferring  to  the 
wishes  of  the  director  of  the  Geological 
Survey  in  the  matter  of  the  appointment 
to  the  directorship  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines. 

It  is  outrageous  that  this  miserable 
Ballinger-Pinchot  controversy  should  be 
a  factor  of  infiuence  in  determining  the 
organization  of  a  bureau  that  will  have 
so  much  power  for  good  or  evil  to  the 
great  mining  industry.  Secretary  Ballin- 
ger should  hear  from  mining  men  what 
they  think  about  his  action  in  this  respect. 
We  told  the  simple  facts  about  the  Alaska 
coal  cases  and  upheld  Mr.  Ballinger  in 
that  matter.  So  we  do  not  say  this  out  of 
any  hostility  toward  him. 

It  is  not  unlikely  that  the  directorship 
of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  will  go  eventually 
to  someon;  whose  name  has  not  yet  been 
publicly  urged.  If  this  be  the  result, 
the  appointee  should  be  distinctly  a  min- 
ing engineer  by  practice,  whose  standing 
will  be  recognized  in  the  profession.  If 
Secretary  Ballinger  and  Director  Smith 
so  stand  in  the  way  that  this  must  be  the 
result,  let  us  have  it  as  quickly  as  pos- 
sible, in  order  that  the  new  bureau  may 
have  a  chance  for  healthy  organiza- 
tion. 


The  index  to  Volume  LXXXIX,  of  The 
Engineering  and  Mining  Journal  is 
mailed  to  all  subscribers  with  this  issue. 
Anyone  who  may  not  receive  it  will  please 
notify  this  office  promptly. 


]c2 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23.  1910. 


The  Library  of    the  American  In- 
stitute of  Mining  Engineers 


The  very  excellent  technical  library  in 
the  Engineering  Societies  building,  into 
which  is  merged  the  library  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  is  now 
of  great  service  to  those  engaged  in  the 
study  and  investigation  of  the  problems 
in  mining.  The  library  contains  nearly 
complete  records  of  the  proceedings  of 
technical  societies  in  all  parts  of  the 
world,  and  also  nearly  all  of  the  im- 
portant technical  and  mining  publications 
and  many  Government  and  other  official 
mining  and  geological  reports,  all  of 
which  are  very  valuable.  Many  of  these 
publications  cannot  be  easily  obtained  in 
other  libraries. 

Through  officers  of  the  Institute  a 
definite  attempt  has  been  made  to-  col- 
lect the  printed  reports  of  mining  com- 
panies, and  a  considerable  number  of 
these  are  on  file  and  available,  but  this 
part  of  the  library  program  apparently 
has  not  been  carried  out  to  its  complete 
fulfilment.  Many  of  the  reports  of  im- 
portant companies  are  not  on  file  and 
there  are  many  special  reports  of  com- 
panies not  so  well  known  that  are  not 
in  the  library.  Many  of  these  reports 
contain  exceedingly  valuable  technical 
and  statistical  information.  Most  of  them 
include  also  engineers'  reports  either  on 
the  property  as  a  whole  or  on  the  opera- 
tions. Some  of  the  reports  in  the  nature 
of  prospectuses  are,  of  course,  not  en- 
tirely reliable,  but  the  library  assumes  no 
moral  responsibility  in  including  such  re- 
ports in  its  records,  for  the  patrons  of 
such  a  library  are  quite  able  to  discrimi- 
nate between  the  chaff  and  the  wheat  and 
frequently  the  wheat  is  well  worth  while, 
even  though  there  is  lots  of  chaff  with  it. 
Some  of  the  large  companies  engaged 
in  disposing  of  their  stock  to  the  public 
have  made  elaborate  publications  of 
historical,  statistical  and  technical  in- 
terests. These  are  all  likely  to  be  of 
value  to  someone  some  day  and  should 
all  be  included  in  the  archives  of  the  In- 
stitute. 

The  Institute  library  should  specialize 
in  this  particular  field  by  soliciting  and 
securing  copies  of  engineers'  reports, 
particularly  reports  made  by  its  own 
members.  Many  of  the  reports  are  printed, 
and,  of  course,  then  become  public  docu- 
ments. Others  could  not  be  secured 
in  toto  because  of  the  confidential  nature 
of  the  reports  or  of  parts  of  them.  How- 
ever, in  this  case  some  parts  of  the  re- 


ports could  be  properly  filed.  Moreover, 
there  are  many  reports  which  have  served 
their  purpose  and  which  have  no  con- 
fidential import  at  this  time,  and  these 
could  and  should  be  received  and  pre- 
served by  the  Institute.  No  doubt  many 
engineers  would  be  glad  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  facilities  for  preservation 
and  classification  afforded  by  a  good 
library,  and  would  make  the  Institute  a 
repository  of  their  notes,  maps,  reports 
and  other  data,  to  be  accessible  also  to 
others  who  may  come  after  them  and 
have  to  go  over  the  same  ground.  Much 
of  this  data  would,  of  course,  be  incom- 
plete and  in  most  cases  would  be  type- 
written manuscript,  hut  nevertheless 
could  be  conveniently  and  easily  handled 
under  the  scientific  system  of  the  modern 
library. 

Particularly  the  Institute  should  solicit 
and  systematically  make  search  and  re- 
quests for  maps  of  districts  and  of  mines, 
and  should  undertake  to  follow  up  and 
secure  consecutive  series  of  mine  maps 
of  the  important  mines  and  successive 
editions  of  the  district  maps  of  all  of  the 
important  districts  of  the  continent. 

Such  data  systematically  collected 
would  not  have  only  a  scientific  and 
technical  value,  but  in  time  to  come  would 
be  of  great  historical  value,  and  it  is 
surely  within  the  functions  of  the  In- 
stitute to  take  up  this  work. 

Mining   Engineer. 

New  York.  July  16.  1910. 


The  Smoke   Nuisance  in  California 


Recently,  while  in  Shasta  county,  Cal., 
I  was  invited  to  spend  the  evening  with 
the  manager  of  the  Bully  Hill  smeltery. 
The  day  before  going  there  I  had  read 
an  article  in  the  Searchlight,  setting  forth 
the  injustice  of  the  Government  shutting 
down  the  smeltery  at  this  time,  and  also 
stating  that  the  farmers  interested  had 
visited  the  works  and  given  Bully  Hill 
a  clean  hill  of  health,  declaring  that  no 
damage  was  being  done,  and  the  farmeie 
had  no  complaint  to  make. 

While  in  conversation  with  Man- 
ager Keating,  he  informed  me  that 
such  statements  were  correct.  The  shut- 
down is  wholly  due  to  the  U.  S.  Govern- 
ment. The  Government,  through  I'.^.e  For- 
est Bureau,  gave  notice  90  day .3  ago  that 
the  smeltery  must  close  on  or  before 
July  1,  or  else  an  injunction  would  be 
asked  for  to  restrain  the  smoke  from  do- 
ing further  damage  to  the  forest.  Spe- 
cial agents  of  the  Forest  Bureau  had  vis- 


ited Bully  Hill  from  time  to  time,  and 
have  often  declared  to  the  management 
that  the  timber  was  not  being  damaged, 
and  it  was  like  a  clap  of  thunder  in  a 
clear  sky  that  the  notice  came  from  the 
Government,  saying,  in  effect  "shut  down 
the  smeltery  July  1."  Four  hundred  men 
will  lose  their  positions,  and  it  is  unde- 
cided when  the  plant  will  resume  opera- 
tions. 

Recent  Installations 

A  little  over  two  years  ago  the  com- 
pany rebuilt  its  plant  at  considerable 
expense,  and  also  built  a  standard-gage 
railroad,  known  as  the  Sacramento  & 
Eastern  Railroad,  from  Pitt  on  the 
Southern  Pacific,  to  Winthrop.  This  rail- 
road was  built  especially  for  the  mine 
and  cost  not  less  than  5525,000.  This 
expenditure  on  the  part  of  the  company, 
of  course,  should  have  no  bearing,  pro- 
vided the  operation  of  the  plant  was  do- 
ing a  serious  damage  to  the  farmers  of 
the  northern  portion  of  Shasta  county; 
but  if  this  company,  which  has  been  in 
operation  for  more  than  10  years,  causes 
any  damage  to  either  forest  or  farmers, 
the  damage  to  the  forest  has  been  long 
ago.  It  is  self-evident  to  anyone  visit- 
ing Winthrop.  a  village  occupied  by  only 
those  connected  with  the  mine  and  smel- 
tery, directly  or  indirectly,  that  little  or 
no  damage  is  being  done  to  the  surround- 
ing country. 

Principal   Damage  In   Sacramento 
Valley 

The  damage  that  is  being  done  to  the 
farmers  of  Shasta  county  is  confined  to 
a  long,  narrow  strip  up  and  down  the 
Sacramento  river  by  the  smoke  from  the 
Mammoth  and  Balaklala  smelteries.  Up 
the  river  it  can  do  no  damage  excepting 
to  the  remnants  of  a  forest  destroyed 
by  smoke  and  forest  fires  in  the  past,  and 
perhaps  a  few  garden  patches  belong- 
ing to  those  whose  welfare  depends  more 
on  the  continuous  operation  of  the  mines 
and  smelteries  than  in  any  little  truck 
gardening  they  do.  Down  the  river  there 
is  no  forest  nor  remnant  of  a  forest  to 
consider.  The  damage  to  the  fanners  is 
much  more  serious,  but  not  nearly  so 
serious  as  it  would  be  were  the  smel- 
teries farther  south,  as  the  land  imme- 
diately around  Redding  and  between 
Redding  and  Anderson,  12  miles  south, 
is  of  little  value  as  compared  with  the 
land  south  of  Anderson  and  Cottonwood, 
where  the  soil  is  more  productive.  Any- 
one driving  through  the  northern  por- 
tion of  Shasta  county  would  appreciate 
this  statement  after  traveling  over  miles 


July  23,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


153 


of  fine  gravel  and  unproductive  yellow 
soil,  with  an  occasional  patch  of  pro- 
ductive  land,  near  some   river  or  creek. 

Shasta  a  Mining  County 

Shasta  county  is  the  one  spot  of  all 
others  in  California  that  should  be  de- 
voted to  the  smelting  industry,  for  with- 
out the  smelteries  the  copper  mines 
would  have  little  or  no  value,  and  Shasta 
county  would  he  practically  dead.  It  is 
?.  mining  county  and  not  an  agricultural 
county.  On  the  other  hand,  the  two  smel- 
teries, the  fumes  from  which  are  doing 
damage,  are  spending  between  a  half  mil- 
lion and  a  million  dollars  to  obviate  the 
smoke  nuisance  by  removing  the  solid 
particles  from  the  smoke  and  the  stronger 
acid  in  SOi.  While  they  were  not  able 
to  get  the  fume-catching  devices  in  op- 
eration by  Julv  1,  as  promised,  they  will 
have  them  in  operation  a  few  weeks 
later,  but  neither  the  farmers  nor  the 
Government  Forest  Reserve  inspectors 
should  be  uneasy  on  account  of  this  de- 
lay, as  it  is  during  the  winter  or  wet 
season  that  the  most  damage  is  done  by 
the  smoke.  During  the  dry  season  the 
fumes  do  not  adhere  to  vegetation,  but 
fall  immediately  to  the  ground.  This  is 
selfevident  by  the  damage  done  to  the 
pines  which  are  green  the  year  around. 
There  were  practically  no  pines  left  in 
the  damaged  district  excepting  a  worthless 
variety  known  locally  as  "Digger"  pine. 
Pine  trees  are  killed  first,  whereas  trees 
tnd  shrubbery  that  shed  their  leaves  are 
he  last  and  least  affected  by  the  smoke. 

Laborers    Leaving    Winthrop 

1  am  writing  this  article  as  a  disinter- 
■sted  party,  for  the  reason  that  the  After- 
hought  company,  of  which  I  am  manager, 

•   nds    to    adopt    a    modification    of   the 
Jiing  system  for  the  recovery  of  zinc, 
'ut  I  felt  it  my  duty  to  write  this  article 
fter   visiting   the    Bully    Hill    plant. 

The  morning  before  I  arrived  at  Win- 
•irop  a  trainload  of  people  had  left  their 
omes;  the  morning  I  returned,  about 
00  more  men,  women  and  children  came 
ut  on  the  same  train,  and  as  many  more 
\pccted  to  leave  the   following  morning 

r  different  parts  of  the  country — few 
f  them  knew  definitely  where.  It  re- 
'inded  me  of  Longfellow's  "Evangel- 
ic." In  1755,  when  the  English  forced 
le  French  residents  to  leave  their  homes 
nd  nearly  everything  they  had,  in  the 
rcadian  land.  Nova  Scotia,  of  which 
nngfellow  says:  "Yrt  am  I  not  of  t^ose 
ho   imagine   some   evil   intention   brings 

em  here,  for  we  are  at  peace,  and  why 

on,  molest  us?" 

This   quotation    is   certainly    applicable 
tt'e    interference    of    the    Government 

ficials    with    the    mining    and    smelting 

lustry   of   the    Bully  Hill  company  and 

sidents  of  Winthrop. 

S.   E.   Brethej«ton. 

San  Francisco,  Gal.,  July  6,  191(J.  '".'  ' 


Shaft  Plumbing 


In  the  Journal  of  July  2  are  some  ad- 
verse criticisms  on  the  article  of  June  4 
on  "Shaft  Plumbing"  which  article  I  must 
acknowledge  was  one  of  the  clearest  ex- 
positions on  the  subject  that  I  have  ev?r 
seen  in  print. 

Mr.  Greenfield  objects  to  the  use  of  18- 
Ib.  plummets.  I  myself  use  4  kg.  lead 
bobs,  with  No.  28  piano  wire,  and  have 
not  found  a  place  where  they  were  too 
light.  To  support  60-lb.  bobs,  as  Mr. 
Greenfield  suggests,  would  require  No.  8 
wire  for  a  depth  of  1000  ft.  Why  not 
tie  a  mucking  bucket  to  the  hoist  rope, 
still  the  vibrations  in  the  water  of  the 
sump,  and  sight  on  the  hoist  rope?  But 
"every  one  to  his  own  taste,"  as  the  old 
woman  said  when  she  kissed  the  cow.  I 
prefer  the  lighter  rigging.  If  there  is 
trouble  from  air  traveling  in  the  shaft, 
the  draft  may  be  stopped  by  setting  the 
wire  suspension  points  about  1  ft.  below 
the  shaft  collar,  and  after  taking  the 
line  at  the  surface,  close  the  shaft  mouth 
with  canvas. 

If  the  azimuth  taken  from  the  plumb 
lines  is  to  be  carried  very  far,  it  is  a  wise 
precaution  to  use  the  four-wire  method 
instead  of  the  two  wires. 

Fred  MacCoy. 

Chief    Engineer,    Esperanza     Mining 
Company,  Ltd. 

El  Oro,  Mex.,  July  8,  1910. 


monds  have  been  made.  The  quantity 
from  this  source,  however,  is  very  small 
as  yet  and  should  it  increase,  the  prob- 
ability is  that  the  syndicate  will  find  some 
way  of  agreement  with  the  German  pro- 
ducers. 


The  Diamond  Syndicate 


Despatches  received  in  New  York  re- 
cently confirm  reports  which  have  been 
current  for  some,  time  that  the  contract 
between  the  De  Beers  Consolidated 
Mines,  Ltd.,  and  the  London  Diamond 
Syndicate,  which  expired  July  I,  had  been 
renewed  for  a  term  of  five  years.  Nothing 
is  said  about  new  terms  or  conditions, 
but  the  understanding  is  that  there  were 
no  material  changes  in  the  contract.  The 
London  Diamond  Syndicate  now  controls 
not  only  the  production  of  the  various 
mines  owned  by  the  De  Beers  Company, 
but  also  has  a  contract  with  the  Jagers- 
fontein  mine,  one  of  the  two  large  in- 
dependent mines. 

It  is  also  reported  that  the  syndicate 
has  concluded  a  working  agreement  with 
the  Premier  Diamo  d  Company,  of  the 
Transvaal,  which  has  the  only  large  mine 
outside  of  the  syndicate,  and  which  has 
maintained  its  own  selling  agency  in  Lon- 
don, althouch  it  is  believed  there  has 
been  a  tacit  acreement  to  maintain  prices. 
This  tacit  agreement,  it  is  said,  is  now  put 
in  definite  shape.  It  may  therefore  be 
expected  that  the  price  of  diamonds  will 
be  maintained  and  that  the  future  will 
not  see  any  reduction  due  to  competition. 
There  is  a  possibility  of  some  additional 
supply  coming  from  German  West  Af- 
rici,',  where   several   discoveries   of   dia- 


June  Oil  Dividends 


The  accompanying  table  gives  the 
amount  of  dividends  paid  by  a  number  of 
California    oil    companies    during    June, 

1910,  together  with  their  total  dividends 
to  date. 

June. 

1910,  Total  Paid 

Name  of  Company.          IJividenil.  to  IJate. 

.\merican  Petroleum,  com..  $125,000  Sl,-136,900 

Ba.v  City 20.000  l.}.'),000 

Caribou 16.110  761.0,59 

Clareniont 10,000  35.T.O00 

Columbia 9.992  3.5J.77.T 

Kmpire 2,000  4,000 

Kuclid 3,500  134,500 

Houie 2,000  480.000 

Illinois  crude 2,000  94.000 

Imperial 500,000  3,200.000 

Junction 2,.')00  20,000 

Korn  River 2.000  106.000 

Mascot 5.000  25,000 

Mexican  Petroleum 85.618  3,734,194 

.Monte  Cristo 50,000  ,540,000 

New  Penn.  Petroleum 3,378  5,000 

Palmer 18,020  304,421 

ParaOine 3.000  24.000 

Pinal 15,000  932,078 

Premier 9,000  30,000 

Record 7,500  7  7,500 

Rice  Ranch 3,000  108.000 

Ro.valty 6,667  ■       22,733 

S.  F.  A  McKittrick 15,000  385,000 

Saucr  Dough 4,987  .532,226 

.-Section  25 10.000  40.000 

.Scsnon 8,000  1 26,000 

Union 124,813  6.742.694 

United 40,376  2,300,0.86 

Wabash 3,000  129,000 

West  Coast,  pf 20,816  104,080 

Total  for  June.  1910 S1,12S,307 


Sault  Ste.   Marie  Canal  Traffic 


The  engineers'  report  gives  the  fol- 
lowing statement  of  freight  carried 
through  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  canals  be- 
tween Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Huron 
for  the  season  up  to  July  1 ;  the  figures 
are   in   short   tons: 

101)0.  inio.  ChnnKca. 

East-bnund n,:i:H,789    1.5.727,.5:):)     I.    fi  :«)2,714 

West-brmnd 2.782,578      4.590,5.18      I.    I,81li,'.l60 

T.  ital 12,117,3(17    20,,t27,071      I.    8.209.704 

The  total  number  of  vessel  passages 
this  year  was  6715,  making  an  average 
cargo  of  3027  tons.  The  Canadian  canal 
has  carried  an  unusual  proportion  of 
freight  this  year,  owing  to  its  greater 
draft.  The  mineral  freights  included  were 
as  follows,  in  short  tons,  except  salt, 
which  is  in  barrels: 

I'JOO.  1910.  Chnnges. 

Conl i.MlJV.U  H,9fl2.f.99  I.  Lr-ILlfiT 

Iron  oro «,n7:t,482  14,111,8ns  I.  B,(KW,:)2fi 

Pit;  nnd  mfd.  linn.  l>8.iio  iiw.iSI  I.       40,136 

C"PpiT 34,731  311,1110  1.          4.879 

Ilulldlnn  stone 880  6(10  D.           380 

Salt.  bl)l 2t:t.3-9  27(1,:«.'>  I.        32,956 

Iron  ore  was  69.4  per  cent,  of  the  total 
freight  this  year,  and  coal  19.6  per  cent. 
Some  of  the  large  increases  shown  were 
due  to  the  earlier  opening  of  navigation 
this  year. 


Fluorspar    is    found    in    abundance    at 
Chaichihuites,in  Zacatecas,  Mexico. 


154 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,   1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as" 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Multiple   Nozzle  for  Revolving 
Screens  on  Dredges 


On  most  of  the  California  dredges, 
other  than  those  built  by  the  Risdon  com- 
pany, it  has  been  customary  to  introduce 
wash  water  into  the  revolving  screens 
from  a  pressure  pipe  hanging  above  and 
parallel  to  the  length  of  the  screen.  This 
pipe  is  usually  perforated  on  the  under 
side  with  a  line  of  "a-in.  holes,  the  jets 
of  water  thus  being  directed  against  the 
outside  of  the  screen.  With  light,  sandy 
soil  this  method  of  washing  is  fairly 
satisfactory,  but  where  heavy  or  clayey 
soil  is  encountered  it  proves  inadequate, 
much  of  the  material  passing  to  the 
stacker  in  unseparated  lumps. 
,n    n n  n, 


duced  only  to  2  in.  In  the  Yuba  field 
where  the  idea  originated  valves  are  used 
on  each  nozzle  in  order  to  give  a  closer 
regulation  of  the  water  introduced.  When 
digging  in  tough  clayey  soil  the  wash 
water  is  directed  down  along  the  bottom 
of  the  screen  to  get  the  greatest  breaking 
force. 

This  method  of  washing  has  proved 
much  more  satisfactory  than  the  one 
formerly  in  vogue,  and  will  doubtless  be 
adopted  on  all  the  newer  boats.  To 
avoid  patent  infringement  it  is  essential, 
in  using  this  header  with  multiple  nozzle 
for  introducing  wash  water  under  pres- 
sure into  the  revolving  screen  on  a  dredge, 
that  the  ends  of  the  nozzles  do  not  extend 
into  the  screen. 


'1-1    u — □■ 


3 


r:^ 


z:^ 


,H    ^ n  h,     „    , 


'i_i   lj — crzr 

Multiple  Nozzle  for  Revolving 
Screens 

An  improvement  has  bsen  adopted  on 
the  boats  of  the  Yuba  Consolidated 
Goldfields,  operating  near  Harmonton, 
Yuba  county,  Cal.,  by  introducing  water 
through  the  lower  end  of  the  screen  from 
a  multiple  nozzle.  One  of  these  has 
also  been  installed  on  the  No.  6  Folsom 
boat  of  the  Natomas  Consolidated  of  Cal- 
ifornia. The  scheme  is  to  run  the  high- 
pressure  wash  water  into  a  manifold  pipe 
placed  horizontally  across,  and  a  short 
distance  away  from  the  lower  end  of  the 
screen.  Threaded  holes  are  tapped  along 
one  side  of  this  header  pipe  into  which 
smaller  pipes  acting  as  nozzles  are 
screwed.  The  nozzles  are  pointed  toward 
the  screen  and  each  is  slightly  bent  so 
that  by  rotating  it  the  stream  of  water 
can  be  directed  at  any  desired  point. 
The  header  pipe  is  usually  of  8-in.  diam- 
eter reduced  from  a  I2-in.  line.  The 
nozzles  are  made  of  3-in.  pipe  drawn 
down  to  1 '/.  in.  at  the  discharge  end. 
Dimensions  vary,  a  10-in.  header  being 
sometimes  used  and  the  nozzles  being  re- 


joined to  the  dogs:  The  proper  adjust- 
ment may  thus  be  obtained.  There  are  two 
other  clamps  on  the  central  rod  which 
prevent  the  spring  from  being  com- 
pressed beyond  its  limit  by  coming  up 
against  the  horizontal  members  of  the 
frame.  The  bucket  is  suspended  from 
the   crosshead   by   two   chains. 

Advantages  of  Use  of  Crosshead 

By   using   a   crosshead   with    a   sinking 
bucket,  much   time   can   be   saved.    How- 


Crosshead  for  Sinking  Buckets 

The  constructional  details  of  the  cross- 
head  used  in  sinking  the  Morning  shaft, 
at  the  Federal  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany's mine,  near  Mullan,  Idaho,  are 
shown  in  the  acompanying  drawing. 
The  design  is  quite  satisfactory,  being 
the  result  of  several  experiments  made 
by  the  company  along  this  line.  One 
great  advantage  of  such  a  crosshead  is 
in  its  lightness:  One  man  can  handle 
it  when  necessary.  At  the  same  time- 
it  is  strong,  sure  in  action  and  of  simple 
construction. 

Details  of  Construction 

The  main  frame  of  the  crosshead  is 
built  up  of  members  constructed  of  two 
angle  irons.  The  verticals  are  2x2x}4- 
in.  angles,  6  ft.  long  and  set  2  1/16  in. 
from  each  other.  The  guide  shoes  A. 
spaced  3  ft.  10  in.  apart,  are  riveted  to 
a  filler  plate  and  the  angles.  The  shoes 
are  >4  in.  wider  than  the  guides,  which 
are  5x6  in.  The  top  and  bottom  mem- 
bers of  the  frame  are  made  up  of  two 
2'/.x2' .xS/ie-in.  angle  irons.  A  Vn-'in. 
cover  plate  is  used  on  the  upper  mem- 
ber. At  a  point  slightly  below  its  center 
the  frr.me  is  crossbraced  with  two  angle 
irons.  In  the  lower  half  '4x2-iiv  diago- 
nal braces  are  used  to  stiffen  the  frame. 

The  center  rod  B.  to  which  the  hoisting 
cable  is  fastened,  is  made  of  l'4-in  ma- 
terial. A  spring  C,  4  in.  in  diameter, 
made  of'7'16-in.  wire,  22'  in.  long,  is 
coiled  about  the  rod  and  bears  up  against 
a  disk  on  the  lower  side  of  the  central 
crossbrace  of  the  frame.  A  clamp  on  the 
rod  bears  on  the  lower  end  of  the  spring. 
This  clamp  is  connected  by  |/.-in.  rods  D 
to  the  dogs  F.  There  are  t'lree  points 
at    which    the    connecting    rods    may    be 


TKe  Bni'interiii'/  4  Mining  Jaumitl 

Crosshead    Used   on    Sinking    Bucket 
IN  Morning  Mine 

ever,  the  additional  safety  afforded  the 
men  while  riding  the  bucket,  should  be 
sufficient  consideration  to  warrant  the  ne- 
cessary expense  for  the  installation.  The 
bucket  being  suspended  by  comparative- 
ly short  chains  from  two  points  instead  , 
of  one,  the  tendency  to  twist  and  swing 
while  it  is  being  lowered  or  hoisted  is 
much  reduced.  This,  of  course,  makes  , 
riding  the  bucket  safer  and  enables  hoist- 
ing to  be  carried  on  at  a  greater  speed 
than  is  permissible  without  the  use  of 
a  crosshead. 


In  crushing  227,710  tons  of  ore  last 
year,  the  Ready  Bullion  120-stamp  mill 
of  the  .Maska  United  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany, Douglas  Island,  Alaska,  used  510 
shoes,  310  dies,  15  cams,  14  cam  shafts, 
23  stems,  48  tappets,  6  bosses,  7  vannet 
belts  and  broke  and  replaced  595  stems. 


July  23,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


155 


Simple  Scale  Car 


The  accompanying  photograph  shows  a 
satisfactory  scale  car  which  is  easily  con- 
structed at  a  reasonable  cost.  The  ar- 
rangement shown  is  at  the  Florence  mill, 
Goldfield,  Nev.  The  scale  car  was  decided 
upon  in  place  of  an  automatic  weighing 
conveyer,  the  cost  of  which  was  deemed 
unwarranted  at  the  time  of  the  instal- 
lation. 

Below  the  series  of  chutes  from  the 
main  ore  bin  a  track  is  laid  upon  which 
an  ordinary  platform  scale  runs.  A  car 
body  with  its  bottom  inclined  toward  the 
crusher,  and  side  hinged  at  the  top  and 
held  in  place  by  a  latch,  is  built  on  the 
platform  scale.  A  plate  is  fixed  on  the 
mouth  of  the  crusher  to  divert  ore  from 
the  car  directly  into  the  crusher. 

The  car  is  run  below  one  of  the  chutes, 

filled  with  ore  and  balanced  by  the  scale 

I      beam,  the   weight   being  recorded.     It  is 


method  of  mining  to  still  further  cement 
the  likeness.  It  is  considered  that  where 
the  reefs  are  running  with  only  a  slight 
inclination  the  longwall  method  of  work- 
ing will  reduce  underground  transporta- 
tion costs  to  a  minimum.  These  conditions 
are  likely  to  prevail  at  the  greatest  depths 
now  being  reached  on  the  Rand,  where 
moreover  it  is  being  found  impossible  to 
leave  adequate  pillars  to  support  the 
hanging  wall. 

Owing  to  the  reef  running  compara- 
tively flat  on  the  Modderfontein  B  prop- 
erty on  the  East  Rand,  the  newly  ap- 
pointed consulting  engineer  for  the  Eck- 
stein group  proposes  'to  work  the  reef 
on  the  longwall  system,  so  extensively 
ptacticed  by  the  collieries  in  England.  The 
details  of  working  show  a  compromise 
between  the  present  Rand  system  and  the 
longwall  method  as  practiced  in  South 
Wales.  The  principal  haulage  road  is 
constructed  below  the  reef.     Mine  trucks 


Sc.^LE  Car  in  Flore.nce  Goldfield  Mill 


then  shoved  back  to  a  point  opposite  the 
crusher  and  dumped  by  lifting  the  latch. 
This  only  requires  the  attention  of  one 
man  and  his  services  would  be  required 
to  feed  and  watch  the  crusher  even  were 
the  scale  car  not  used.  The  objection  to 
the  use  of  this  weighing  arrangement  is 
that  it  is  not  automatic  and  the  weights 
must  be  recorded  each  time  by  the  at- 
tendant. The  difference  in  price  between 
this  car  and  the  automatic  weighing  de- 
vices on  the  market  at  the  present  time 
is  enough,  however,  to  make  it  interesting 
to  a  ereat  many  mill  and  mine  operators. 


Proposed  Longwall   Mining  in    the 
Transvaal 

Where  conditions  are  considered  suit- 
able it  is  proposed  to  introduce  the  long- 
wall  method  of  mining  the  ore  deposits 
on  the  Rand.  These  deposits  have  long 
been  regarded  as  possessing  many  fea- 
tures in  common  with  coal  seams  and  it 
only  requires  the  adoption  of  the  longwall 


carryi.:g  one  ton  each  convey  the  ore  to 
the  bins,  and  the  levels  are  laid  out  with 
the  object  of  reducing  the  cost  of  hand- 
ling to  a  minimum. 

It  is  expected  that  the  cost  per  ton  of 
ore  treated  will  be  in  the  neighborhood  of 
10s.  per  ton.  The  lowest  cost  of  working 
on  the  Rand  in  1009  was  lis.  8d.  per  ton 
at  the  Simmer  &  Jack  Proprietary  mine. 
Whether  the  longwall  system  will  reduce 
the  costs  to  the  extent  anticipated  re- 
mains to  be  seen.  It  is  clear  that  at 
moderate  depths  it  is  better  suited  to  coal 
than  metalliferous  mining.  Probably  at 
the  great  depths  several  of  the  Rand 
mines  are  now  being  worked,  it  may  be- 
come necessary  later  on  to  modify  the 
methcd  of  working,  and  go  in  extensively 
for  the  "sand  filling"  process  and  perhaps 
Irngwall  working  later  on. 


The  Bureau  of  Mines,  of  Quebec,  es- 
timates that  in  1900  that  province  pro- 
duced 5000  tons  of  chromite,  worth  SI  I 
per   ton. 


The  McGill  Rail  Bender 

The  McGill  rail-bending  machine  con- 
sists of  two  gripping  arms,  one  side  of 
each  being  cut  out  near  the  end  so  that 
they  will  easily  drop  over  the  ball  of  the 
rail  to  be  bent.  The  other  end  of  the 
gripping  arms  is  forked  and  has  a  nut 
journaled  in  each.    Both  nuts  are  l>i  in., 


McGill  R.-ml  Bender.  Position  for 
Inward    Bend 

one  with  a  right-hand  and  the  other  a 
left-hand  standard  thread.  A  l.'.^-in. 
screw  20  in.  long,  threaded  right  hand  at 
one  end  and  left  at  the  other,  runs 
through  these  nuts.  In  the  center  of  the 
screw  is  a  reversible  ratchet,  which  is 
operated  by  a  slight  pressure.  On  the 
end  of  the  screw  are  small  nurled  knobs, 
so  that  the  lost  motion  can  be  taken  up 
by  hand. 
If  an  inward  bend  is  required,  the  journ- 


PosiTioN  FOR  Outward  Bknd 

aled  nut  is  run  toward  the  ratchet  by  the 
nurled  knob  until  close  enough  for  a 
given  bend.  Drop  the  slotted  end  of  the 
gripping  arms  over  the  ball  of  the  rail, 
take  up  the  lost  motion,  and  use  the 
ratchet.  For  an  outward  bend,  let  the 
machine  remain  in  the  center  of  the  track 
as  before,  run  the  journaled  nut  toward 
the  nurled  knobs,  by  hand.  When  open 
far  enough,  drop  the  slotted  end  over  the 
ball  of  the  rail,  take  up  the  lost  motion 
and  use  the  ratchet;  the  rail  will  then 
begin  to  bend  outward. 


156 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  19!0. 


The  machine  shown  weighs  38  lb.  and 
will  bend  20-Ib.  rails.  The  advantage 
over  a  "jim  crow"  and  other  types  of 
benders  is  appreciated  when  following  a 
winding  fissure,  or  on  mine-switch  work. 
Rails  may  be  spiked  at  one  end,  and  the 
other  easily  bent  in  or  out,  close  to  the 
end  or  at  any  other  point  without  tearing 
up  the  track.  These  machines  are  in  use 
at  present  by  the  Silver  King  Coalition 
Mines  Company,  the  Daly-West,  the 
Daly-Judge,  all  of  Park  City,  Utah,  and 
the  Alvarado  Gold  Mining  Company,  of 
Congress  Junction,  Ariz.  It  is  also  in  use 
by  some  of  the  smaller  companies.  The 
machine  is  patented  by  M.  J.  McGill, 
Park  City,  Utah. 


located  in  the  center  of  the  cartridge  of 
explosive,  and  not  to  one  side  or  entirely 
outside  against  the  paper.  A  great  many 
missed  shots  are  doubtless  caused  by  im- 
proper priming. 


Laboratory  Electric  Furnace 


By  W.  L.  Morrison* 


Priming  with    Electric    Fuse 

To  prime  a  high-explosive  cartridge  for 
electric  blasting  the  fuse  cap  should  be 
inserted  into  the  center  of  one  end  of  the 


The  laboratory  electric  furnace  illus- 
trated herewith  is  designed  to  be  used 
in  a  small  testing  plant  where  it  is  de- 
sired to  have  a  furnace  for  a  variety  of 
uses  and  a  fairly  wide  range  of  tempera- 
ture. It  is  especially  well  adapted  for  re- 
fractory ores  as  the  crucible  is  small  and 
compact.  The  power  required  for  such  a 
furnace  would  be  15  to  50  k.v.a.  but  the 
best  working  conditions  would  be  ob- 
tained by  using  about  25  or  30  k.v.a. 
Either  direct,  or  alternating  current  may 


the  shell  due  to  induction.  The  width  of 
the  copper  strip  need  not  be  more  than 
two  or  three  inches,  just  enough  to  break 
the  continuity  of  the  iron  shell.  j 

The  lowercylindrical  shell  B  is  insulated 
from  the  upper  shell  by  a  ring  of  asbes- 
tos, ;i  in.  thick.  The  inner  side  of  the 
shell  is  lined  with  first,  a  layer  of  's-in.. 
asbestos  then  4  in.  of  fire  brick.  Twenty 
rods  5  s  in.  in  diameter  are  secured  to  the 
middle  of  the  lower  shell;  being  equally 
spaced  around  the  shell,  Fig.  3.  The  rods 
are  of  two  different  lengths,  and  six 
inches  of  the  ends  are  turned  up  at  riglit 
angles  and  flattened,  Fig.  1.  These  rods 
conduct  the  current  to  the  mass  of  carbon 
forming  the  bottom  of  the  crucible  and 
lower  electrode.  The  bottom  of  the  shell 
has  a  layer  of  fire  brick  two  inches  in 
thickness,  directly  below  the  mass  of  car- 
bon. Fig.  1.  This  prevents  a  loss  of  heat 
due  to  radiation  as  is  the  case  when  a 
cast-iron  bottom  is  used.     A  4-in.  layer 


Copper  Bars 


Fic.  1.  Vertical  Section 


cartridge  and  pointed  directly  toward  the 
opposite  end.  The  two  lead  wires  should 
then  be  brought  together  up  one  side  of 
the  cartridge  and  tied  in  place  with 
string  at  points  an  inch  or  two  from 
either  end  of  the  cartridge.  The  common 
practice  of  inserting  the  cap  diagonally 
into  the  side  of  a  cartridge  and  then 
looping  the  wires  about  the  cartridge  in 
several  half  hitches  is  to  be  condenmed. 
In  looping  the  wires,  the  insulation  is 
liable  to  be  broken,  causing  short  circuit- 
ing or  leakage  of  current  in  wet  work; 
the  wires  may  even  be  broken. 

The  common  practice,  when  the  cap  is 
pointed  diagonally  toward  the  end  of  the 
cartridge,  is  to  place  the  cartridge  so  that 
the  end  of  the  cap  will  be  nearest  the  out- 
side or  top  of  the  charge.  Any  pull  on 
the  lead  wires  tends  to  swing  the  cap  in  a 
position  more  at  right  angles  to  the  long 
axis  of  the  cartridge.  Thus  the  end  of 
the  cap  may  easily  be  swung  entirely  out 
of  the  explosive.  In  blasting  the  principal 
part  of  the  detonating  charge  should  be 


Morrison's  Laboratory  Electric  Furnace 

be  used.  This  furnace,  however,  was  de- 
signed for  a  50-volt  direct  current.  With 
alternating  current  30  or  35  volts  would 
be  more  satisfactory. 

Construction 

The  furnace  proper  is  made  up  of  two 
cylindrical  iron  shells,  with  a  suitable  lin- 
ing to  withstand  the  heat  and  corrosive  ac- 
tion of  the  slags.  The  iron  shells  are  rein- 
forced at  either  end  by  a  lxlx'4-in.  angle 
iron  which  is  riveted  to  the  shell.  An 
elliptical  hole  4x8  in.  is  cut  in  the  front, 
Figs.  1  and  2,  and  an  iron  spQUt  bolted 
to  the  cylinder  for  removal  of  the  slag 
and  metal.  To  either  side  of  the  upper  shell 
A  are  bolted  two  cast-iron  guides  C  for 
the  steel  rods  which  raise  and  lower  the 
electrode  holder  D.  The  guides  are  thor- 
oughly insulated  from  the  steel  rods  by 
fiber  bushings. 

When  alternating  current  is  used  a  cop- 
per strip  must  be  inserted  in  each  shell  to 
prevent  eddy  currents  and  hysteresis  in 

•1101    Slate 's'ireci'TSrlo,   ri^nn. 


Fig.  3.  Back  View 

Tfit.Enffinefring  i  Mininj  Juiimat 


of  graphite  is  used  around  the  rods  in  or- 
der to  insure  a  good  electrical  contact. 
To  the  back  of  the  lower  shell  are  riveted 
two  >4x3-in.  copper  bars  to  which  is  fast- 
ened one  set  of  electric  cables,  Figs.  1 
and  2.  The  lower  shell  then  distributes 
the  electric  current  to  the  rods. 

Electrode  Control 

The  electrode  control  is  shown  in  Figs. 
3  and  4.  It  is  quite  simple  in  construc- 
tion and  the  screw  is  removed  from  the 
intense  heat  of  escaping  gasses.  It  is 
well  balanced  and  there  is  no  tendency 
for  the  steel-rod  supports  to  stick  to  the 
guides,  as  is  the  case  when  the  cantilever 
type  of  holder  is  used.  The  top  of  con- 
trol D  is  in  three  sections;  the  copper 
bars  to  hold  the  electrode  and  the  two 
iron  castings  to  which  the  copper  bars 
are  clamped.  The  casting  on  the  left- 
hand  side.  Fig.  3,  is  extended  so  as  to 
carry  the  electric  cables.  The  two  cast- 
ings arc  thoroughly  insulated  from  the  1 
vertical  steel  rods  by  fiber  bushings  and 


July  23,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


157 


fiber  washers.  The  steel  rods  are  raised 
by  two  worm  and  wheel  gears  which  are 
connected,  as  shown  in  Fig.  3,  by  a  shaft 
passing  under  the  furnace. 

Fig.  4  gives  an  idea  of  the  control.  The 
weight  of  the  electrode,  holder,  etc.,  is 
taken  by  the  ball  bearings.  The  wheel 
of  the  worm  gear  is  not  threaded  to  carry 
the  threaded  steel  rod  but  has  clearance 
so  as  to  work  freely.  A  threaded  casting 
is   bolted    to   the    wheel    and    carries   the 


Cii-t  Tron  gear  to  t 
Screw 


~'/i  Bolts  to  hold 
gcor  to  Wheel 

8  Wheel  to  eugage 
Screw  or  Worm 

<■  lienriiig  lor  bulla 
I'ulls  for  beariDg 

.jLust  Irou  foundatio: 

block 

lu'Dla.  .\  I'thlclt 


Gearing   for   Controlling 
Electrode 


weight.  By  this  arrangement  the  greatest 
wearing  parts  can  be  renewed  without 
much  expense.  The  electrode  control  is 
operated  by  a  handwheel. 

Furnace  Lining 

The  furnace  is  lined  with  fire  brick. 
The  bottom  is  fine  coke.  The  coke  lining 
is  carried  up  4  in.  on  the  sides,  as  coke 
seems  to  be  the  best  resistor  of  corrosive 
action  of  slags.  If  such  a  furnace  were 
to  be  used  for  smelting  iron  it  would  be 
better  to  line  the  lower  part  of  the  cru- 
cible with  magnesite  and  decrease  the 
area  of  the  carbon  bottom  to  equal  that 
Tf  the  electrode. 


Clearing  Blast  Furnace  Slag 

•At  the  smeltery  of  the  Mammoth  Cop- 
laer  Mining  Company,  at  Kennett,  Shasta 
':ounty,  California,  some  experimentation 
las  lately  been  carried  on  for  the  pur- 
pose of  determining  a  method  of  clean- 
ng  the  blast-furnace  sbg.  A  13x30-ft. 
•everberatory  furnace  has  been  built  and 
tried  as  an  extra  settler.  This  small  re- 
lerberatory  is  fired  by  oil  burners.  Its 
:apacity  is  about  300  for;  of  slag  per 
lay. 

At  first,  from  seven  to  eight  tons 
if  sulphide  fines  were  added  each  day  to 
he  charge  in  this  settler.  The  desired 
clearing  effect  upon  the  slag  was  not  ob- 
ained  through  the  use  of  the  sulphide, 
50  that  this  practice  was  discontinued 
ind  lately  the  reverberatory  has  been 
ised  merely  as  an  extra  settler.  No  exact 


data  are  available  as  to  the  results  ob- 
tained, but  it  is  understood  that  the  ex- 
tra settler  has  accomplished  what  was  ex- 
pected, namely,  to  determine  just  what 
grade  of  slag  it  would  pay  to  treat  in  an 
auxiliarly  reverberatory  furnace. 


Skip  Pockets 


At  the  Bunker  Hill  mine,  near  Amador 
City,  Cal.,  skip  pockets  are  arranged  to 
facilitate  the  handling  of  ore  and  waste. 
The  usual  custom  is  to  have  pockets  be- 
side each  other,  each  discharging 
into  a  different  shaft  compartment.  The 
objection  to  this  is  that  it  permits 
the  handling  of  only  one  class  of  rock 
in  each  compartment  from  any  level.  It 
also  means  that  trammers  must  switch 
their  cars  to  the  proper  track  when  dump- 
ing at  the  skip  pockets. 

The  shaft  at  the  Bunker  Hill  is  in- 
clined, having  two  hoisting  compartments. 
To  overcome  the  objections  mentioned 
above,  a  waste  and  an  ore  pocket  are  ar- 
ranged, one  over  the  other,  each  pocket 
discharging  into  both  shaft  compartments. 
Below   levels   the   shaft   is   widened   out 


Level  Station 


7^  Bngtiu^ring  ^  Mining  Journal 


Arrangement  of  Skip  Pockets  at 
Bunker  Hill 

to  three  times  its  regular  hight  and  is 
carried  so  for  nine  sets.  The  compart- 
ment above  the  shaft  is  partitioned  off  as 
a  waste  pocket  and  the  one  above  that 
as  an  ore  pocket.  The  timbers  between 
compartments  are  heavily  lagged  and 
lined  with  strips  of  iron  off  the  guides 
in  the  shaft. 

By  this  arrangement  each  of  the 
tracks  at  the  station  serves  both 
pockets  and  no  needless  switching  of  cars 
is  necessary.  The  accompanying  draw- 
ing illustrates  the  idea  of  the  skip 
pockets.  Either  ore  or  waste  may  be 
drawn  at  any  level  whenever  desired. 
With  such  an  arrangement  only  a  single 
track  is  required  at  stations. 


Underground    Prospect    Drilling  in 
the  Joplin  District 

By  Frank  W.  Sansom  * 


The  Oronogo  Circle  Mining  Company, 
of  Oronogo,  in  the  Joplin  district,  has  re- 
cently tried  an  innovation  in  prospect 
drilling,  which  proved  a  decided  success. 

The  mine  workings  are  236  ft.  deep. 
It  was  desirable  to  test  the  deeper  ground 
to  a  depth  of  400  ft.  in  certain  places  on 
the  lease,  which  could  not  be  done  from 
the  surface,  on  account  of  ponds,  tail- 
ings piles  and  mil!  buildings.  Another 
disadvantage  was  drilling  through  the 
open  workings  at  the  120-,  160-  and  236- 
ft.  levels.  The  drifts  of  the  236-ft.  level 
are  40  to  60  ft.  high,  thus  affording 
ample  headroom   for  churn-drill  rig. 

The  only  problem  was  to  find  a  rig  of 
such  construction  that  it  could  be 
knocked  down  and  lowered  into  the  mine. 
This  was  easily  done  and  no  difficulty 
was  experienced  in  lowering  or  reas- 
sembling. The  guy  wires  were  anchored 
by  drilling  holes  in  the  floor  for  the  an- 
chor bolts.  Steam  was  furnished  from 
the  steam  lines  of  the  mine  pumps.  The 
exhaust  was  turned  into  pools  of  water 
and  gave  no  trouble.  Electric  lights  were 
hung  around  the  rig,  which  in  addition 
to  two  gasolene  torches,  gave  plenty  of 
light. 

Drilling  was  found  to  be  as  easily  and 
readily  done  as  on  the  surface.  The 
price  per  foot  was  such  that  nearly  S200 
were  saved  over  the  cost  of  holes  drilled 
from  the  surface.  The  drill  outfit  was 
moved  from  place  to  place  by  rolling  by 
hand  along  the  ground  and  the  drilling 
was  a  success  in  every  particular. 


Using  Second  Class  Butte  Ore  for 
Converter  Lining 

At  the  Washoe  smeltery.  Anaconda, 
second-class  Butte  ores  have  been  used 
for  about  a  year  as  converter  lining  in 
place  of  Snow  Storm  (Idahr^)  ore. 
The  second-class  Butte  ore  contains  more 
iron  and  sulphur  than  the  Snow  Storm 
ore,  but  it  is  said  to  be  giving  satisfac- 
tory service.  The  lining  mixture  con- 
sists of  about  six  tons  of  second-class 
ore  and  one  ton  of  slime  from  the  con- 
centrating department. 


Modifications  have  been  made  in  the 
plant  for  using  the  Horwood  process  for 
separating  zinc  sulphides  described  in 
the  Journal  of  Feb.  26,  1910.  Agitators 
are  now  placed  between  the  three  spitz- 
kasten,  thus  avoiding  retreating  of  the 
residues.  The  Hercules  mine,  Tas- 
mania, is  about  to  erect  a  plant  to  deal 
with  its  zinc-lead  sulphide  ores  by  this 
method. 

*MliiinK    iMijiiufHT,    .loplin.    .Mn. 


158 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


Goldfield  Consolidated 


The  preliminary  report  of  the  Goldfield 
Consolidated  Mines  Company  for  June 
shows  that  21,033  tons  were  produced, 
the  assay  value  of  which  was  $909,480. 
This  is  a  decrease  of  462  tons  and  5112,- 
176   from  the   May   production. 

JUNE  PRODUCTION. 

O/. 

Wet  Dry     per 

Tons.  Tons.  Ton.  Value. 

Combination 4,936  4,71.^1.14  0111  OSo 

Mnhawk 6,927  6,617   1.46  19i).701 

Reri  Top 3,777  3,608   I  .  99  149,397 

Clermont 5,393  5,1514.23  450.297 

Total 21,033    20,091  2. 10    .5909,480 

Results  of  Milling  Operations 
The  performance  of  the  mill  was  as 
follows:  Dry  tons  milled,  20,091;  aver- 
age value  per  ton,  S45.27;  total  value, 
$909,480;  loss  in  tailings,  541,216;  value 
realized,  5868,264;  percentage  extracted, 
95.47.  In  May  the  extraction  attained 
was  only  95,2  per  cent. 

JUNE  EXPEN.SF,S. 

.\niount.  Pel-  Ton' 
Bullion   tax   and   marketing 

bullion 519,000 

.Administration,  etc IS, 000 

Total  general $37,000       .SI .  84 

Mining .«SO,000       S3 .  98 

Transportation 2,800         0.14 

Jlilling  and  cyan- 

iding .S50,000 

Marketing  concen- 
trate residues.. .       5,000 

$55,000       S2.74 

Construction  and  fire  loss.  .  .  65,000         3.23 

Net  cost $239,800     S11.93 

Loss  in  tailings 41,216         2.05 

Total  costs  and  losses  .  .      $281,016     S13.98 

A  profit  of  ,S31.29  per  ton  was  realized 
from  milling  ore  the  total  average  value 
of  which  was  545,27  per  ton.  The  total 
profit  for  June  was  5628,464;  the  per- 
centage of  profit  69,10.  This  is  .594,932 
less  than  the  profit  realized  in  May, 

The  extraction  by  the  mill  was  unusual- 
ly good.  In  this  connection  it  is  to  be 
noted  that  in  the  tailings  losses  there  are 
included  this  month  more  than  300  oz. 
of  gold  in  concentrate  residues.  These 
residues  have  heretofore  been  shipped 
to  smelters  and  'he  entire  amount  of  con- 
centrates included  in  the  saving  reported. 
But  in  June  more  than  half  the  concen- 
trate residues  were  too  low  grade  to  cover 
freight  and  treatment  charges  so  that 
they  were  piled  on  the  dump  and  their 
gold  contents  included  with  the  other  tail- 
ings. 

Developments 

During  June  the  total  advance  as  re- 
ported by  J.  R.  Finlay,  general  manager, 
was  2861  ft,,  equal  to  one  foot  for  every 
seven  tons  mined.  The  work  was  dis- 
tributed among  the  various  mines  as  fol- 
lows: Combination,  367  ft.;  Mohawk, 
914;  Clermont,  1212;  Red  Top,  294; 
I.aguna  shaft,  74;  total,  2861  ft.  Ore 
was  taken  from  main  levels  as  follows: 
Mohawk,  350-ft.  level.  111  tons  averaging. 
0..53  oz.;  450-ft.  level,  165  tons  aver- 
aging, 0.50  oz.;   Clermont,  600-ft.   level. 


565  tons  averaging,  1.15  oz.;  750-ft.  level, 
182  tons  averaging  0.96  oz.;  900-ft.  level, 
161  tons  averaging  0.37  oz.;  total  1184 
tons,  averaging  0.86  oz.  gold. 

On  the  600-ft.  level  of  the  Clermont, 
the  Higginson,  the  most  southerly  of  the 
Red  Top  orebodies,  has  proved  to  be  very 
strong.  Developments  are  reaching  out 
into  new  ground  rapidly.  The  Laguna 
shaft  is  down  and  a  station  is  being  cut 
at  the  600-ft.  level.  This  provides  for 
the  opening  of  the  Red  Top  mine  230  ft. 
below  the  present  bottom  level.  Work 
in  that  field  can  now  be  pressed  rapidly. 
At  the  Clermont,  drifts  are  being  run  out 
after  four  separate  known  orebodies. 

Construction 

At  the  mill,  the  essential  parts  are  com- 
pleted for  running  at  full  capacity,  but 
some  further  work  in  the  way  of  changes 
made  necessary  by  the  fire  and  more 
finishing  touches  will  continue  for  some 
time.  The  Columbia  Mountain,  fire-pro- 
tection scheme,  the  storage-battery  plant, 
a  new  assay  office,  engineering  building, 
transformer  houses  and  gallows  frame 
and  ore  bins  for  the  Laguna  shaft  are 
designed  and  under  way.  All  this  con- 
struction is  fireproof  and  the  intention  is 
either  to  secure  economy  in  operating  or 
to  protect  vital  parts  of  the  plant  from 
fire.  During  April,  May  and  June,  the 
construction  expenses  have  been  written 
off  more  rapidly  than  the  money  has 
actually  been  expended.  It  is  expected 
that  all  construction  now  in  sight  will  be 
completed  by  October  and  for  the  re- 
maining months  of  the  fiscal  year  the 
costs  on  this  account  will  be  compara- 
tively small.  At  present  it  is  impossible 
to  increase  the  tonnage  milled  on  account 
of  a  shortage  of  water  which  it  is  hoped 
will  be  temporary.  In  all  other  respects 
the  plant  is  reported  to  be  in  good  run- 
ning  condition. 


Plant  of  the  Yaqui  Smelting    and 
Refining    Company 


The  works  of  the  Yaqui  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  is  situated  at  Toledo, 
Mex.,  in  the  Ures  district  of  Sonora,  on 
the  Corral  branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railway.  It  is  about  150  km.  north  of 
Corral,  at  an  altitude  of  246  m.  above 
sea  level. 

Toledo  is  the  center  of  a  mineral  dis- 
trict, containing  several  important  pro- 
ducers and  many  of  a  prospective  nature. 
The  Yaqui  company  has  put  up  an  office 
building,  a  store  and  warehouse  and  liv- 
ing quarters,  as  well  as  a  well  equipped 
assay  office  and  laboratory.  For  the  pres- 
ent the  company  will  depend  to  a  great 
extent  on  custom  ores. 

The  smeltery  was  closed  three  years 
ago,  largely  on  account  of  the  high  cost 
of  transportation.  La  Colorada  (145  km. 
west)  was  then  the  nearest  railway  point. 


The  plant  should  be  the  means  of  re- 
juvenating the  old  district.  It  is  fortu- 
nately located  in  that  the  roads  and  trails 
from,  every  direction   lead  to  it. 

Ore  is  now  being  shipped  into  the 
plant  and  the  machinery  is  being  put  in 
order  for  service,  as  the  company  ex- 
pects to  blow  in  the  smeltery  before  "the 
rainy  season  begins.  The  situation  of  the 
smeltery,  on  a  hillside  along  the  west 
bank  of  the  Yaqui  river,  insures  an 
ample  supply  of  excellent  water  at  all 
times,  as  well  as  permitting  bedding  pa- 
tios and  sampling  works  to  be  con- 
structed on  or  above  the  feed-floor  level. 

Equipment 

The  smelting  equipment  consists  of  a 
36xl00-in.  furnace,  a  36-in,  round  lead 
furnace  and  a  reverberatory  furnace  for 
fines.  Hue  dust,  etc.  The  sampling  mill 
has  a  capacity  of  50  tons  per  day.  The 
refinery  contains  a  softening  furnace,  a 
desilverizing  kettle  (Parke's  process), 
skimming  presses,  retorts,  dore  cupel 
furnace,  etc. 

The  power  plant  contains  an  Erie  slide- 
valve  engine,  direct  connected  to  a  Con- 
nersville  blower,  an  Erie  high-speed  en- 
gine belted  to  a  25-kw.  generator  for  light 
and  power  about  the  plant,  two  tubular 
boilers  of  80  h.p.  each,  and  an  ice  plant 
of  two  tons  capacity  per  day.  The  shops 
are  equipped  with  all  necessary  machine 
tools  for  general  repairs  in  or  about  the 
plant. 

Fuel 

The  native  woods  (mesquite,  mahog- 
any, ironwood,  etc.)  will  be  the  fuel  used 
for  making  steam  at  present,  although 
there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  local  coal 
from  La  Barranca  (12.9  km.  to  the 
west)  will  be  used,  before  long.  This 
coal  will  require  special  fireboxes  to  util- 
ize it,  as  it  ignites  and  burns  with  diffi- 
culty. It  is  now  being  used  in 
the  power  plants  of  the  mines  in  the  im- 
mediate locality  for  steam  generation,  by 
the  use  of  closed  ash  pits  and  forced 
draft.  The  analysis  of  the  coal  is  ap- 
proximately as  follows:  Fixed  carbon, 
82;  volatile  matter,  2;  sulphur,  0,2;  and 
ash,    15  per   cent. 

The  mining  properties  of  the  company 
consist  of  a  number  of  groups,  the  ore 
from  which  is  suited  to  making  a  fluxins 
mixture.  It  was  the  intention  originally 
to  use  lead  as  a  collector,  but  it  has  been 
decided  to  use  copper,  as  lead  is  not 
available  for  continued  operations.  An 
occasional  lead  run  will  be  made,  how- 
ever, to  work  up  such  lead  ores  as  may 
be   offered. 


The  average  stamp  duty  on  the  Rand 
during  the  month  of  April  was  over  seven 
tons  per  day;  the  average  for  the  whole 
of  the  Transvaal,  according  to  the  South 
African  Min.  Journ.,  was  6.99  tons  per 
dav. 


July  23.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


159 


Good  Faith    in    Mining    Locations 
By  R.  W.  Raymond 


A  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Idaho  rendered  in  May  last,  calls  atten- 
tion to  the  question  of  good  faith  in  the 
location  of  a  lode,  as  an  element  of  its 
validity.  The  case  was  that  of  Nichols 
and  Cribble  vs.  the  Lewis  &  ClJ^rke  Min- 
ing Company.  The  plaintiffs  sought  to 
establish  their  title  to  certain  mineral 
ground  by  virtue  of  their  ownership  of 
the  Senator  mining  claim,  in  the  Hunter 
district,  Shoshone  county.  Idaho.  This 
ground  was  covered  by  prior  claims, 
owned  by  the  Lewis  &  Clarke  Company; 
but  it  was  pleaded  that  these  prior  loca- 
tions were  void,  because  they  were  larger 
than  the  law  permitted.  The  lower  court 
sustained  this  plea,  and  gave  the  ground 
ti  the  plaintiffs.  But  the  Supreme  Court. 
on  appeal,  revised  that  decision,  laying 
down  the  following  propositions: 

"Where  an  excessive  mineral  location 
las  been  made  through  mistake,  while 
the  locator  was  acting  in  good  faith,  the 
location  will  be  void  only  as  to  the  ex- 
cess; but  where  'the  locator  has  pur- 
posely included  within  his  exterior  boun- 
daries an  excessive  area  with  fraudulent 
intent  of  holding  the  entire  area  under 
one  location,  such  location  is  void;  or  if 
made  so  large  that  the  location  cannot  be 
deemed  the  result  of  innocent  error  or 
mistake,  fraud  may  be  presumed. 

"Where  the  exterior  boundaries  of  a 
mineral  location  include  such  an  unrea- 
sonably excessive  area  that  such  boun- 
dary lines  cannot  be  said  to  impart  notice 
to  a  prospector  of  a  mineral  location 
within  the  reasonable  distance  of  a  law- 
ful claim  as  located  under  the  statute, 
-uch  location  will  be  held  void  on  the 
Liound  that  the  boundaries  of  the  claim 
luive  never  been  marked  and  established 
a:,  required  by  law." 

This  was  the  main  issue  in  the  case. 
so  far  as  the  partial  newspaper  report 
of  it  shows;  but  the  Court  is  said  to  have 
observed  also  that  the  Senator  claim  of 
the  plaintiffs  was  clearly  fraudulent.  Ap- 
parently the  plaintiffs  did  not  come  into 
Court  with  clean  hands;  and  the  deci- 
sion, therefore,  worked  no  injusticr. 

The  principle  declared  by  the  Court 
that  good  faith  may  excuse  excessive 
aiea  in  a  lode-location  must  be  carefully 
construed.  Such  good  faith  cannot  be 
-I  own  (if  we  are  to  judge  from  the 
iiiRuage  of  decision)  by  mere  assevera- 
tion or  affidavit  alone.  The  excess  must 
he  so  small  as  to  be  within  the  reasonable 
limit  of  innocent  error.  Even  in  that 
event,  the  location  will  be  valid  for  the 
proper  legal  extent  only,  and  the  locator 
cannot  claim  the  excess. 

Nor  does  the  principle  apply  to  the 
boundaries  of  the  extralateral  right.  It 
h.Ts  bren  held  repeatedly  that  under  the 
Act  of  1872  (the  present  statute),  as  dis- 


tinguished from  that  of  1866.  the  locator 
cannot  plead  that  he  intended  to  lay  out 
his  claim  so  as  to  have  the  apex  of  the 
lode  run  through  it  from  end  to  end. 
He  can  enjoy  the  extralateral  right  only 
so  far  as  he  actually  succeeded  in  doin;; 
v.hat  he  thus  intended,  and  only  by  com- 
plete compliance  with  the  requirements  of 
the  statute.  The  famous  old  "Horse- 
shoe" case  established  that  rule  at  the 
cost  of  great  hardship  to  the  Iron-Silvc- 
Mining  Company,  whose  grantor,  Mr. 
Stevens,  had  spent  thousands  of  dollars. 
in  absolute  good  faith,  endeavoring  to 
m.ake  a  legal  location  on  a  contour-out- 
crop. The  company  held  the  land,  but 
lost  the  extralateral  right. 

With  these  limitations  and  explana- 
tions, the  decision  of  the  Idaho  Supreme 
Court  appears  to  be  good  law  and  good 
sense. 


Recent   Tariff    Decisions 

Two  decisions  of  some  importance  have 
recently  been  rendered  by  the  Board  of 
General  .\ppraisers  in  questions  affecting 
the  iron  and  steel  industries. 

Mixture   of    Spiegel    and    Ferro 

In  the  protest  of  the  Joseph  R.  Foard 
Company  against  a  decision  of  the  col- 
lector of  customs  at  Baltimore,  some 
spiegeleisen  imported  at  that  port  was 
stored  in  such  a  way  as  to  become  mixed 
with  some  ferronianganese.  In  discharg- 
ing the  vessel  the  mixed  portion  of  the 
cargo  was  divided  so  as  to  give  the  im- 
porters of  the  spiegeleisen  their  full 
weight.  The  Foard  company,  however, 
alleged  that  7150  lb.  in  weight  which  they 
received  was  so  mingled  with  ferroinan- 
ganese  and  other  fine  material  as  to  be 
worthless.  Judge  Waite  in  his  decision 
for  the  hoard  finds  that  the  tariff  act  of 
1909  does  not  provide  for  an  allowance 
under  the  provision  for  damage  or 
destruction,  and  that  in  the  case  in  ques- 
tion there  is  no  injury  which  prevents  the 
return  of  the  commodity  to  its  original 
condition. 

Oi.D  Steel  Rails  not  Scrap 

In  an  appeal  of  the  Benjamin  Iron  and 
Steel  Company,  the  collector  of  customs 
assessed  duty  under  the  provisions  of 
paragraph  126  of  the  tariff  of  1909.  which 
specifics  duty  at  the  rate  of  0,175c,  per 
pound.  The  importers  contended  that  the 
rails  should  be  regarded  as  "old  scrap," 
fit  only  for  rcmanufaclure  by  melting, 
and  therefore  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  SI 
per  ton  under  paragraph  118.  They 
claimed,  first,  that  the  steel  rails  are  old 
scrap;  second,  that  this  class  of  old  scrap 
is  to  be  remelted,  and,  third,  that  the 
shipments  comprise  only  such  old  rails  as 
are  unsuitable  for  rerolling.  General  Ap- 
praiser Fischer  says  that  all  of  the  points 
made  by  the  importers  may  be  true,  but 
for  reasons  stated   in  a   former  decision. 


a-'sing  under  the  Dingley  tariff,  the  mer- 
chandise would  be  excluded  from 
scrap  steel,  as  provided  by  the 
express  terms  of  paragraph  118.  He 
adds:  "The  testimony  shows  that  some 
of  the  steel  has  been  actually  sold  to 
parties  who.  utilize  it  for  purposes  of 
remanufacture  by  melting.  The  proof 
offered,  however,  does  not  satisfy  us  t'  at 
steel  of  this  character  is  not  suitable  to 
be  commercially  remanufactured  by  pro- 
cess other  than  by  melting.  The  pha-2, 
'fit  only  to  be  remanufactured  by  melt- 
inp,,'  means  unfit  for  any  other  remanufac- 
turing  purpose.  We  overrule  the  protests 
without  an  affirmance  of  the  decisions  of 
the  collector," 

This  is  another  instance  of  the  vexed 
questions  as  to  the  status  of  scrap  under 
the  present  tariff. 


The  Great  Northern  Iron  Ore 
Lands 

The  application  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Great  Northern  iron-ore  properties  to 
have  the  trust  certificates  listed  on  the 
New  York  Stock  Exchange  gives  the  fol- 
lowing list  of  the  securities  owned  by 
t^e  trust:  750  shares  West  Mesabi  Land 
Company,  par  value,  5750,000;  500  Tyler 
Iron  mining,  SSO.OOO;  500  Arthur  Iron 
Mining,  SSO.OOO;  500  Fillmore  Iron  Mi  i- 
ing.  S50.000;  500  Harrison  Iron  Mining, 
$50,000;  500  Jackson  Iron  Mining,  SSO.- 
OOO; ,S00  Polk  Iron  Mining.  S-SO.OOO;  5 
Van  Buren  Iron  Mining.  S500;  1000 
Leonard  Iron  Mining,  S200,000;  5879 
North  Star  Iron  Company,  S648,800  val- 
ue. 

The  application  states  that  the  com- 
panies whose  stocks  are  held  by  the 
trustees  control  by  ownership  or  lease- 
hold 65.091  acres  of  land  in  the  Alesa^i 
iron-ore  district  in  Minnesota,  which,  at 
the  date  of  the  creation  of  the  trust  v.cre 
estimated  to  contain  upward  of  500.000,- 
000  tons  of  iron  ore.  Of  these  lands, 
39.295  acres  are  covered  by  the  lease 
to  the  Great  Western  Mining  Company, 
the  subsidiary  of  the  United  States  Steel 
Corporation.  Only  1597  acres  of  other 
land  are  under  lease,  but  under  these 
leases,  all  inade  prior  to  Dec.  7.  1906, 
the  date  of  the  trust  agreement,  important 
rr.ines  have  been  developed. 


Distribution  of  Iron  Blast  Furnace 
in  United  States 

The  appended  list,  of  iron  blr.st  fur- 
naces in  the  United  States  in  1908.  gives 
in  order  (reference  number)  the  distri.-t, 
situation  and  number  of  all  stacks.  On 
the  accompanying  map  is  shown  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  various  furnaces  listod, 
with  the  exception  of  those  in  Colorado, 
California,  Oregon  and  W.nshingt.n, 
These  data  are  taken  from  a  map  recently 
pi'blishcd  by  the  U,  S,  Geological  Survey. 


160 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


Table  Showinc;  Distribution  of  Iron  Blast  Furnaces  in  the  United  States 


13. 

14. 
15. 

16. 


17. 


M.\SSACHrSETTS. 

1.  Cliesliire,  Cheshire — 1. 
'i       Richmond.  Richmond  Furnace 

nace  P.  O. — 1. 

CONNECTICUT. 

2.  Canaan,  East  Canaan — 2. 
Lime  Rock,  Lime  Rock — 1.    • 

N-EW    YORK. 

3.  Poughkeepsie,        Ponglikeepsie 

2. 

4.  Chatham.  Chatham — 1. 
.5.     Breaker  Island,  Breaker  Island 

— 3. 
Burden,  Troy — 1. 

6.  Northern,  Port  Henry — 1. 

7.  .Standish,  Standish — 1. 
.S.     Franklin,  Franklin  Springs — 1. 
9.     Genesee,  Charlotte — 1. 

10.  Susquehanna     Smelting     Co.,* 

Lockport — 1. 

11.  Niagara  Falls  Works,*  Niagara 

Falls— 1. 

12.  Buffulo  (16); 
Buffalo    &    Susquehanna,    Buf- 
falo— 2. 

Buffalo  Union,  BufTalo — 3. 
N.  Y.  State  St.  Co.,  Buffalo — 1. 
Wickwire,  Buffalo — 1. 
I^ckawanna.    Lackawanna — 7. 
Niagara,  North  Tonawanda — 2. 

SEW    JERSEY. 

Secaucus,  Secaucus — 1. 
Newark,  New.ark — 2. 
Wharton,  Wharton — 3. 
Musconetcong,    Stanhope — 1. 
.\ndo\-er.  Phillipsburg — 1. 
Hackettstown,      Hackettstown 

—  1. 
Oxford,  Oxford— 1. 
Pequest,  Buttzville — 1. 

PENNSYLV.\NIA. 

Lehigh  Vallnj  (28): 

.\llentown  Rolling  Mill,  Allen- 
tow'n — 2. 

Bethlehem,  South  Bethlehem, 
—6. 

Carbon,  Perryville — 1. 

Crane,  Catasauqua — 3. 

Crumwold,  Emaus — 1. 

Durham.  Riegelsville — 1. 

ITokendauqua,  Hokendauqua 
—i. 

Keystone,  Easton — 1. 

Lehigh,  .Mlentown— 1. 

Lock  Ridge.  .Mburtis— 2. 

Macungie.  Macungie — 1. 

Palinerton,  Palmerton — 2. 

Saucon,  Hellertown— 2. 

South  Bethlehem,  South  Beth- 
lehem— 1- 

18.  Schuijlkill  Valley  (13); 
Brooke.  Birdsboro — 2. 
Henry  Clay,  Reading — 2. 
Key.stone,  Reading — 1. 
l^esport,  Leesport — 1. 
Rol)esonia.  Robesonia — 1. 
Slieridan,  Slieridan — 1. 
Swede,  Swedeland — 2. 
Temple.  Temple— 1. 
Topton.  Topton — 1. 
Warwick,  Pottstown— 3. 

19.  Isabella,  Weybrooke — 1. 
Tidewater,  Thurlow  Station — 1. 
Primos  Ctiemical  Co.,*   Primos 

—1. 

20.  Lower  Susquehanna  Valletj  (20): 
.\iirora.  ('olumt)ia — I. 

Bird  Coleman,  Cornwall — 2. 
Chickies.  Cliickie.s — 2. 
Colebrook,  I.ebanon — 2. 
Lebanon,  I/el)anon — 2, 
I.«banon  Valley.  I.ebanon — 1. 
Ijcbanon    Reduction   Co.,   Leb- 
anon—  \. 
lyochiel — Harrisbnrg — 1. 
N.  Cornwall.  Cornwall — 1. 
Paxton,  Harri.sburg — 2. 
.Steelton,  Steelton — 4. 
Vesta.  Watt.s— 1. 

21.  Glen  Iron,  Glen  Iron — 1. 

22.  Juninla  Valln/  (12): 
Bellefonte,  Bcllefonte — 1. 
Colonial,  HiddiesburK — 2. 
Earlston,  Earl.'ilon — 1. 
.Marshall,  Newport — 1. 
Nittany,  Bellefonte — 1. 


Rockhill.  Roekhill  Furnace  P' 
0.-2. 
Saxton,  Saxton — 2. 
Eagle,  Roland— 1. 
Hecla,  Milesburg — 1. 

23.  Emporium,  Emporium — 1. 

24.  -Adrian,  Dubois — 1. 
2.5.     Cambria.  Johnstown — 6. 

26.  .Tosepliine.  .Josephine — 2. 

27.  Punxy,  Punxsutawney — 1. 

28.  Dunbar.  Dunbar — 2. 

29.  Scottdale.  Scottdale — 1. 

30.  Rebecca,  Kittanning — 2. 

31.  Franklin.  Franklin — 2. 

32.  Perry,  Erie— 1. 

33.  Donora,  Donora — 2. 

34.  Pittsburg  and  Allegheny  County 
(47): 

Carrie.  Rankin — 7. 
Clairton.  Clairton — 3. 
Clinton.  Pittsburgh — 1. 
Duquesne.  Cochran — 6. 
Edgar  Thomson,  Bessemer — 11. 
Edith,  .\llegheny— 1. 
Eliza,  Pittsburgh — 5. 
Isabella,  Etna — 3. 
Lucy,  Pittsburg — 2. 
National  Tube,  .McKeesport — 4. 
Neville.  Neville  Island — 1. 
ShoenberKer,  Pittshtirg — 2. 
Soho  Furnace,  Pittsburg — 1. 

35.  SheJinngo     Valley    and     Beaver 
County  (2.T): 

.\lice,  Sharpsville — 1. 
.\liquippa,  .\liquippa — 3. 
-Atlantic,  New  Castle — 1. 
Claire,  Sharpsville — 1. 
Ella,  West  .Middlesex— 1. 
Fannie,  West  Middlesex — 1. 
Hall,  .Sharon — 1. 
Midland.  Midland— 1. 
New  Castle.  New  Castle — 1. 
Sharon.  Sharon — 1. 
Sharpsville,  Sharpsville — 1. 
Shenango,  Sharpsville — 5. 
South    Sharon,    South    Sharon 

—3. 
Stewart,  Sharon — 1, 

OHIO    .\XD    WTSST    VIRGIXIA 
(WHEEUXG    .\.ND    BEXWOOD). 


36.  Belmont,  Wheeling,  W.Va. — 1. 
Riverside,    Benw'ood,    W.    Va, 

2 

Top,  Wheeling,  W.  Va.— 1. 

37.  Hirer  Counties  (O.)  (10): 
Bellaire,  Bellaire — 2. 

La  Belle,  Stuebenville — 2. 
Martins  Ferry,    Martins  Ferry 

— 1. 
Mingo,  .Mingo  Junction — 4. 
Stuebenville,  Stuebenville — 1. 

38.  Mahoning  Valley  (22): 
.\nna,  .Struthers — 1. 
Cherry  Valley,  Leetonia — 1. 
Grace.  Youngstown — 1. 
Hannah,  Youngstown — 1. 
Haselton,  Haselton — 3. 
Hubbard,  Hubbard — 2. 
McKecfrey,  Leetonia — 1. 
iMary,  Lowellville — 1. 
.Mattie,  Girard — 1. 

Niles,  Nilcs — 1. 
Ohio,  Voimgstown — 6. 
Tod,  Youngstown — 1. 
Youngstown     S.      &     T.     Ck)., 
Youngstown — 2. 

39.  Cleveland  (S): 
Central,  Cleveland — 3. 
Cleveland,  Cleveland — 2. 
Emma,  (Meveland — 1. 
Newburgli.  Cleveland — 1. 
Upson,  Cleveland — 1. 

40.  Lorain.  Lorain — .5. 

41.  Dover,  Canal  Dover — 1. 

42.  Zanesville.  Zanesville — 1. 

43.  Bessie.  New  .Slraitsville — 1. 

44.  Hanging    Rock    (and    Ashland, 

Ky.)  (23): 
BelfonI,  Ironton — 1. 
Bird,  Culbertson — 1. 
Globe.  Jackson — 1. 
Hamilton.  llanginK  Rock — 1. 
Ironton  Iron  Co.,  Ironton — 1. 
Jisco  (Jackson  Iron  &  St.  Co.), 

Jisco — 1.  _ 

Marling,  Ironton — 2. 
Sarah,  Ironton — 1. 
Star,  Jackson — 1. 


Union,  Ironton — 1. 
Wellston,  Wellston — 2. 
.Milton,  Wellston — 1. 
Bloom,  Portsmouth — 1. 
Center,  Superior  P.  O. — 1. 
Hecla,  Ironton — 1. 
Jefferson,  Oak  Hill— 1. 
Olive,  Olive  Furnace  P.  O.— 1. 
Buckhorn,  Olive  Furnace  P.  O. 

—1. 
Ashland,  .\3hland.  Ky. — 2. 
Norton,  .\shland,  Ky. — 1. 

45.  Hamilton  I.  &.  S.  Co.,  Hamilton 

—  1. 

46.  Columbus  (4): 

Columbus  Furnaces,  CoUimbu.s 

— 2. 
Columbus    Iron    &    Steel    Co., 

Columbus — 2. 

47.  Toledo,  Toledo— 2. 

inCHIGAX. 

4.S.     Detroit    Furnace   Co.,    Detroit 
—1. 
Detroit  Iron  &  Steel  Co.,  De- 
troit— 1. 
49.     .-Vntrim,  Mancelona — 1. 
.50.     Fruitport.  Fruitport^l. 
.51.     Cadillac,  Cadillac — 1. 
.52.     Elk  Rapids,  Elk  Rapids— 1. 

53.  Boyne  City,  Boyne  City — 1. 
E.  Jordan,  E.  Jordan — 1. 

54.  .Manistique,  Manistique — 1. 
bb.     Newberry,  Newberry — 1. 

56.  Chocolay,  Chocolay — 1. 

57.  Pioneer.  Marquette — 1. 
Carp,  .Marquette — 1. 

58.  Pioneer,  Gladstone — 1. 

IN'DI.\X.\. 

59.  Garj*.  Gary — 1. 

Inland,  Indiana  Harbor — 1. 

ILUXOIS. 

60.  Joliet,  Joliet — 4. 

61.  Chicago  (22): 

Federal,  South  Chicago — 2. 
Iroquois,  South  Chicago — 2. 
North  Works,  Chicago — 2. 
South  Chicago,  South  Chicago, 

—3. 
South  Works,  Chicago — 11. 
Union  Works,  Chicago — 2. 

wiscox.six. 

62.  Milwaukee  (3): 
Bayview.  Milwaukee — 2. 
Thomas,  Milwaukee — 1. 

63.  Mayville,  Mayville— 2. 

64.  Spring    Valley,    Spring    Valley 

—  1. 

65.  .\shland.  .\shlaiKl — 1. 

MIXXESOT.V. 

66.  Zenith,  West  Duluth — 1. 

WEST   VniGlNl.4. 

67.  Kanawha   Falls,*    Glen    Ferris 

—  1. 

68.  Maryland  Steel  Co.,  Sparrows 
Point — 4. 

69.  Muirkirk,  Muirkirk — 1. 

VIRGIXIA. 

70.  Liberty,  Liberty  Furnace  P.  O. 
—1. 

71.  Gem,  Clifton  Forge — 1. 

72.  Victoria,  Goshen — 1. 

73.  Virginia  Electrolytic  Co.,*  Hoi- 
combs  Rock — 1. 

74.  B\iena  Vista,   Bucna  Vista — 1. 

75.  .\llcghany.  Iron  Gate— 1. 
Lougdalc„  Longdate — 2. 
Princess,  Glen  Wilton — 1. 

76.  Lowmoor,  Lowmoor— 2. 
Covington,  Covington — 1. 

77.  Roanoke  (3); 
Crozer,  Roanoke — 2. 
West  End.  Roanoke — 1. 

78.  Kadford-Craue,  Kadford — 1. 
Dora,  Pulaski— I- 
Ptila.ski,  Pulaski— 1. 
Reed  Island,  Reed  Island— 1. 
Fosters  Falls,  Fosters  Falls— 1. 

79.  Ivaiihoe,  Iviinhoe — 1. 
Max    Meadows.    Max    Meadows 

80.  CJrahain,  Graham — 1. 

81.  Bristol,  Bristol — 1. 

82.  Union,  Big  Stone  Gap— 1. 


KEXTDCKY, 

83.  Watts,  Middlesboro — 2. 

84.  Center,  Hematite — 1. 

85.  Grand    Rivers,    Grand    Rivers 


TEXXESSEE. 

86.  Cranberry,  Johnson  City — 1. 
Embreeville,  Embreeville — 1. 

87.  La  Follette,  La  FoUette — 1. 
8S.     Rockwood.   Rockwood — 2. 

89.  Dayton,  Dayton — 2. 
Chattanooga,    Chattanooga — 1. 

90.  Chattanooga — 1, 
Citico,  Chattanooga — 1. 

01.     South    Pittsburg,   South    Pitts- 
burg— 2. 

92.  .\Ilens  Creek,  Mannie — 2. 
Napier,  Napier — 1. 

93.  Rockdale.    Rockdale— 1. 

94.  .\etna,  .\etna — 1. 
Standard,  Goodrich — 1. 

95.  Cumberland,  Cumberland  Fur- 
nace P.  O. — 1. 

96.  Helen.  Clarksville— 1. 

97.  Bear  Spring.  Bear  Spring — 1. 
Dover,  Carlisle — 1. 

GEORGIA. 

98.  Tallapoosa.  Tallapoosa — 1. 

99.  Cherokee,  Cedartown — 1. 

100.  Rome.  Rome — 1. 

101.  Rising  Fawn,  Rising  Fawn — 1. 

ALABAMA. 

102.  Battelle,  Battelle— 1. 

103.  Roimd  Moutam,  Round  Moun- 
t  ain —  1 . 

104.  Rock  Run,  Rock  Run — 1. 

105.  Gadsden  (5): 
Etowah,  Ciadsden — 2. 
Gadsden,  Gadsden — 1. 
Attalla,  Attalla — 1. 
Quinn.  Gadsden — 1. 

106.  Woodstock,  .^nniston — 2. 

107.  Talladega  (4): 
Clifton,  Ironaton — 2. 
Jenifer.  Jenifer — 1. 
Talladega,  Talladega — 1. 

108.  Shelby,  Shelby — 2. 

109.  Birmingham  Dist.  (28): 
Alice,  Birmingham — 1. 
Bessemer,  Bessemer — 5. 
Ensley,  Ensley — 6. 
Oxmoor,  Oxmoor — 2, 
Pioneer,  Thomas — 3. 
Sloss,  Birmingham — 4. 
Trussville.  Trussville — 1. 
Vanderbilf,  Birmingham — 2. 
Williamson.  Birmingliam — 1. 
Woodward,  Woodward — 3. 

110.  Central.  Holt — 1. 

111.  Sheffield  (5): 
Hattie  Ensley,  Sheffield — 1. 
Ladv  Ensley.  Sheffield — 1. 
Shetiield.Sheffleld- 3. 

112.  Philadelphia,  Florence — 1. 

MI.SSOURI. 

113.  Missouri.  South  St.  Louis — 1. 

114.  Sligo,  Sligo— 1. 

TEXAS. 

115.  Jefferson.  Jefferson — 1. 
Sam  Lanham,  Rusk — 1. 

116.  Star  &  Crescent,  Rusk — 1. 
Tassie  Belle,  Rusk — 1. 

COLORADO. 

117^.  Minnequa    Furnaces,    Pueblo 
—6. 

CAUFORXIA. 

nSb.  Noble     Electric     Steel     Co.,* 
Baird — i. 


1196.  Oswego  Furnace,  Oswego — 1 
1206.  Black  Sand  and  Gold  Recovery 
Co.,*  Hood  River — 1. 

WASHIXGTON. 

1216.  Irondale     Furnace,     Irondale 
—1. 

Total,  a480. 
aincludes  19  stacks  building  and 
prolnlily  ready  for  blast  in  1909. 
6Not  shown  on  map. 
♦Electric, 


July  23,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


161 


Tht  Erffinftrttip  ^  .yimtfSf  Jourri  i 


Map  Showing  Situation  of  Iron  Blast  Furnaces  in  the  Eastern  Half  of  the  United  States  in  1908 


162 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


The  International  Congress   at  Dusseldorf  S 

Papers  on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Applied  Mechanics  and  Geology  Read 
and  Discussed.       Attendance    1900;   Next  Congress    at    London,  1915 


SPECIAL     CORRESPONDENCE 


The  International  Congress  of  Mining, 
Metallurgy,  Applied  Mechanics  and  Prac- 
tical Geology  held  its  fifth  session  at 
Dusseldorf,  Germany,  from  June  20  to 
June  23  inclusive.  In  order  to  appreciate 
the  standing  of  this  congress  a  short 
statement  of  its  previous  sessions  is  per- 
tinent. 

Previous  Meetings 

The  first  meeting  took  place  in  Paris 
at  the  time  of  the  exhibition  in  1878 
when  the  number  of  participants  was  150; 
at  that  time  the  scope  of  the  congress 
was  limited  to  mining  and  metallurgy. 

The  second  meeting  was  held  in  Paris 
also,  in  1889,  on  the  occasion  of  the  ex- 
hibition of  that  date,  and  in  that  year 
about  600  members  attended.  At  this 
congress,  applied  mechanics,  as  an  ad- 
ditional subject,  was  associated  with  min- 
ing and  metallurgy. 

The  third  meeting  took  place  in  Paris 
at  the  time  of  the  renowned  exhibition 
cf  1900,  when  the  attendance  showed  a 
large  increase  over  that  of  the  previous 
year.  The  scope  of  the  congress  re- 
mained the  same.  The  fourth  was  held 
at  Liege,  Belgium,  at  the  time  of  the 
exhibition  there,  in  1905,  and  at  this  the 
attendance  rose  to  1600,  this  being  partly 
accounted  for  by  the  inclusion  of  practi- 
cal geology   for  the   first  time. 

The  Fifth  Session 

The  fifth  session  was  held  this  year 
at  Dusseldorf,  Germany,  snd  though 
neither  the  scope  of  the  congress  was 
enlarged  on  this  occasion  nor  the  attrac- 
tions of  an  exhibition  were  present,  yet 
the  attendance  was  over  1900,  at  which 
figure  of  acceptances  the  further  invita- 
tions were  stayed,  as  it  was  considered 
that  to  have  a  larger  attendance  than  this 
Mould  endanger  the  success  of  the  ar- 
rangements. 

In  this  large  number  the  various  na- 
tions participated  as  follows,  thirteen  of 
them  in  addition  sending  official  repre- 
sentatives: Germany,  1226;  France,  154; 
England,  107;  Belgium,  106;  Sweden, 
26;  Holland,  20;  and  the  United  States, 
17.  From  many  other  lands  there  were, 
in  addition  to  the  above,  various  smaller 
numbers,  making  the  total  of  foreign 
members    about  six  hundred  and  fifty. 

Concerning  the  distribution  of  interest 
over  the  four  subjects  of  the  congress, 
it  has  to  be  remarked  that  though  a  de- 
votion to  any  one  of  them  constituted 
the  basis  of  membership,  yet  on  an  aver- 
age it  may  be  said  that  each  member  set 


himself  down  as  attending  two  sections, 
the  actual  distribution  being  as  follows: 
Mining,  1178;  metallurgy,  1177;  applied 
mechanics,  972  and  practical  geology, 
810. 

In  the  absence  of  any  outside  attrac- 
tion it  must  be  conceded  that  the  large 
coal  and  iron  district  of  which  Dussel- 
dorf might  be  considered  the  center 
proved  sufficiently  attractive.  Perhaps, 
looking  further  still,  Germany  itself  was 
an  attraction,  for  without  doubt  the 
chance  of  seeing  what  Germany  is  doing 
in  these  important  industries  took  many 
a  foreign  engineer  to  this  congress. 

Dusseldorf  the  Center  of  the  Ger- 
man  Iron   Industry 

The  suitability  of  Diisseldorf  for  such 
a  congress  is  easily  conceded.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  German  ironmasters  and  it 
holds  the  magnificent  offices  of  the  Ger- 
man Steel  Trust.  In  itself  it  is  a  town 
which  has  about  350,000  inhabitants.  It 
is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine 
and  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  Rhine 
province,  of  which  it  is  said  to  be  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  as  well  as  the  most 
progressive  town.  In  its  neighborhood 
and  stretching  away  eastward  into  the 
province  of  Westphalia  there  are  so  many 
mines,  furnaces  and  works  that  the  name 
of  that  province  is  world  renowned  on 
that  account.  It  was  to  this  town  of 
Diisseldorf  that  at  the  final  sit-ting  of  the 
previous  session  at  Liege  the  congress 
was  invited  for  this  year,  this  invitation 
being  made  principally  by  the  two  large 
industrial  corporations,  "The  Associa- 
tion for  the  Protection  of  Mining  In- 
terests in  the  Dortmund  District''  and 
"The  Association  of  German  Ironmast- 
ers," the  municipality  of  the  town  itself 
heartily  concurring. 

Papers  Read  and  Discussed 

Turning  now  to  the  work  done  at  the 
congress,  precedence  must,  of  course,  be 
given  to  the  papers  presented,  the  nuiu- 
bers  of  which  in  the  different  sections 
were  as  follows:  Mining,  23;  metallurgy 
(practical),  20;  metallurgy  (theoretical  I, 
22;  applied  mechanics,  17;  and  practical 
geology,  20.  With  few  exceptions  these 
were  all  read  and  discussed,  and  at  the 
end  the  officials  were  able  to  report  that 
in  each  section  there  was  an  excellent 
attendance  and  a  keen  discussion  through- 
out. 

The  great  majority  of  the  papers  were 
by  German  authors  and  although  it  was 
natural  that  this  should   he  the  case,  yet 


it  would  appear  that  the  numiber  from 
British  authors  was  hardly  commensurate 
with  the  number  of  their  attendance.  In 
this  respect  France  was  better  repre- 
sented. 

For  the  convenience  of  members  gen- 
erally, short  abstracts  of  the  papers  in 
German,  French  and  English  were  dis- 
tributed to  each  and  every  one,  and  fur- 
ther arrangements  were  made  that  if  any 
member  was  particularly  interested  in 
any  paper  and  required  a  full  copy,  this 
could  also  be  obtained  without  delay. 
Beyond  this,  members  will  receive  com- 
plete copies  of  all  the  papers  in  the  sec- 
tions to  which  they  subscribed,  together 
with  full  reports  of  the  proceedings.  These 
will  be  distributed  toward  the  end  of  this 
year. 

Coal  and  Iron,  Subjects  of  Special 
Interest 

It  was  natural  enough,  in  this  dis- 
trict, that  the  papers  should  almost  en- 
tirely center  themselves  around  those 
two  important  commodities,  coal  and  iron; 
and  indeed  it  would  be  difficult  to  imagine 
any  such  congress  as  this  in  which  these 
two  materials  did  not  bulk  largely.  Yet 
it  was  hardly  less  interesting  to  the 
metalliferous  engineer,  for  though  as  be- 
tween the  two  branches  of  luining  the  ap- 
pliances may  differ,  the  principles  re- 
main the  same.  It  might  almost  be  said 
that  the  metalliferous  engineer  was  at  an 
advantage  at  this  congress,  because 
though  the  time  was  short,  he  was  able 
to  bring  himself  more  or  less  up  to  date 
with  what  is  going  on  in  the  coal  and  iron 
industries,  a  position  to  which,  had  he  to 
attain  thereto  by  reading,  it  would  be 
doubtful    whether   he    would   ever  arrive. 

Many  Plants  Inspected 

In  addition  to  the  papers,  excursions 
to  visit  various  works,  mines,  etc.,  were 
arranged  and  though  time  did  not  allow  , 
any  member  to  take  part  in  more  than 
three,  yet  an  aggregate  of  40  were  pro- 
vided so  that  the  parties  might  be  kept 
down  to  convenient  numbers.  Where  all 
were  so  good  as  to  open  their  works  for 
inspection  it  would  be  invidious  to  men- 
tion any  one  in  particular;  indeed  it  would 
be  hard  to  do  so,  for  all  were  char- 
acterized in  the  same  way.  All  were  of 
large  size,  in  good  order,  showing  in- 
telligent arrangement  everywhere.  The 
impression  left  generally  was  that  here 
was  a  community  of  virile  men  given 
over  to  good  work;  from  the  director  to 
the  workman  there  was  evidence  that  the 


July  23,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


163 


technical    standing    was    of    the    highest 
order. 

Neatness  of  German  Industrial  Plants 

If  there  was  any  criticism  it  was  that 
too  much  money  was  spent  upon  the 
elaboration  of  the  equipment;  it  was  said 
that  in  England  or  America  the  share- 
holders would  not  hear  of  such  finished 
setting  to  their  works.  There  is  perhaps 
some  truth  in  this  in  those  two  countries 
and  especially  in  the  former  it  is  too 
often  considered  in  harmony  with  mining 
to  leave  things  dirty,  rarely  to  clean 
things  up;  but  that  is  where  the  engineer 
should  join  issue  with  the  owner  and 
insist  upon  the  best  surroundings  for 
his  men  and  his  work,  this  being  justified 
alone  upon  the  score  of  better  work  re- 
sulting. Foreign  engineers  have  to  thank 
this  fifth  congress  that  it  has  allowed 
them  to  see  this  better  state  of  things 
'  as  it  exists  in  Germany,  and  if  the  rea- 
son for  this  be  sought,  many  will  think 
that  it  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  engineer 
in  Germany  is  always  an  educated  and 
diplomaed  man  and,  receiving  his  diploma 
from  proper  constituted  authorities,  he 
is  better  based  to  take  an  independent 
position,  when  such  is  necessary,  than  if 
his  title  to  "engineer"  depended  upon 
the  fact  that  he  was  emplo\ed  by  some- 
body as  such. 

Next  Meeting  in  London,  1915 

At  the  end  of  the  congress  an  invita- 
tion was  extended  by  various  scientific 
societies  in  England,  that  the  next  con- 
gress be  held  in  London  in  1915,  and  this 
was  accepted  with  acclamation.  We  can 
but  hope  and  do  our  best  that  the  success 
of  that  congress  may  equal,  and  perhaps 
surpass,  that  of  this  one  now  under  re- 
view, though  the  standard  set  by  it  is  a 
very  high   one. 

It  remains  to  be  said  that  though  the 
work  of  the  congress  was  given  first  con- 
sideration, the  social  program  was  most 
excellent  and  so  well  carried  out  that  all 
must  take  away  with  them  the  most 
pleasant  remembrances  of  the  efforts  of 
the  various  committees  and  of  the  hospi- 
tality of  the  city  and  people  of  Diissel- 
dorf. 


Listing    Requirements    of  Los 
.Angeles   Stock  Exchange 

The  Los  Angeles  Stock  Exchange  has 
recently  formulated  more  stringent  list- 
ing requirements  for  the  purpose  of  safe- 
i^uardinp  the  investor  and  speculator  in 
securities  traded  on  that  board.  No 
shares  wi.l  be  quoted  upon  its  floors  un- 
il  they  have  complied  with  the  new  reg- 
Jlations,  which  provide  that  the  follow- 
ng  data,  and  a  check  for  $100,  must 
56  supplied  with  all  applications  for  list- 
ng  on  the  exchange: 

Statements  of  assets  and  liabilities,  in- 


cluding description  of  land  holdings  and 
expenses,  signed  by  an  officer  of  the 
company,  with  seal  attached,  and  sworn 
to  before  a  proper  court  officer  or  notary 
public;  a  certified  copy  of  the  charter; 
engineers'  or  geologists'  report,  certified 
and  sworn  to;  maps  of  the  property,  and 
all  matters  printed  or  otherwise,  relating 
thereto;  certified  confirmation  of  the 
titles,  etc.;  certified  copy  of  the  leases, 
and  a  confirmation  of  the  titles  as  vested 
in  the  lessors.  A  list  of  the  officers  and 
directors,  with  their  business  and  resi- 
dential addresses,  and  the  individual  ref- 
erences for  each  with  their  addresses 
must  also  be  given;  the  transfer  office 
and  name  and  address  of  the  registrar 
must  also  be  stated. 

The  applications  will  be  posted  on 
Monday  of  each  week,  to  remain  posted 
for  five  business  days.  It  is  hoped  that 
by  requiring  t^e  publication  of  these 
data,  "wildcats"  and  unsound  securities 
will  be  eliminated  from  the  exchange. 


Changes    in    Iron  and  Steel  Pnices 


Sintering  Process 

Letters  patent  (U.  S.  Pats.  951,198  and 
951,199)  have  been  granted  W.  G.  Perk- 
ins and  M.  L.  Requa,  on  a  down-draft 
sintering  process.  The  apparatus  con- 
sists of  a  receptacle  A  provided  with 
grate   bars,   spaced    y%    to    %    in,    apart, 


Tht  /Mi/interin^  ^  J/ininy  Juumal 


Apparatus  for  Sintering  Ores 

upon  which  is  spread  a  layer  of  stone, 
preferably  crushed  limestone;  on  this  is 
placed  the  ore  to  be  sintered.  Below  the 
bars  are  funnels  B  communicating 
through  flanged  detachable  openings  with 
a  drum  C  that  is  connected  to  a  suitable 
exhaust  device. 

Extraneous  fuel  for  starting  or  main- 
taining the  sintering  is  admitted  from  the 
supply  pipes  through  the  flexible  connec- 
tion D  to  the  nozzles  E  in  the  movable 
hood.  A  rod  F  provided  with  projecting 
pins  travels  on  a  track  over  the  recep- 
tacle to  distribute   and   level  the  ore. 

When  the  ore  is  sintered  the  receptacle 
A  is  swung  through  an  arc  of  180  deg. 
The  material  is  thus  delivered  into  a 
chute  provided  with  a  grizzly  for  remov- 
ing the  fines,  which  are  delivered  upon 
a  traveling  bell  for  retreatment. 


Pittsburg  Correspondence 


A  great  deal  has  been  said  recently 
about  the  decline  in  iron  and  steel  prices, 
but  the  fact  appears  to  be  that  the  re- 
cessions in  price  have  been  much  less 
than  is  generally  supposed.  The  greatest 
apparent  decline  during  the  first  half  of 
the  current  year  wa's  in  pig  iron,  which 
was  due  to  two  causes.  The  merchant 
furnaces  had  generally  been  running  up 
to  a  high  rate  of  production,  and  many 
of  them  had  accumulated  large  unsold 
stocks.  Secondly,  the  prices — especially 
of  bessemer  pig — were  run  up  to  a  high 
level  in  the  closing  months  of  1909,  and 
a  strong  effort  was  made  to  maintain 
them  at  that  level,  which  did  not  succeed. 
In  the  following  table  we  give  the  monthly 
averages  for  July,  1909,  January  and  June, 
1910,  at  Pittsburg;  these  figures  being 
90c.  per  ton  above  the  prices  at  mer- 
chant furnaces  in  the  Mahoning  and 
Shenango  valleys: 


.Inly.    I'.Mi'.i 

.ijuiujirv.     l;ilii.  . 
.lime,     ■mill 


Xo.  -2 
IV'sscmor.   Itasic.   i-Vnindry. 
.  .    .flC.Jo     .fl.-i.ilO     .«l.-|.!iri 
1!).!iii       17.i).S       17.04 
1IJ..-11'       l.-i.(in        !.-,..-).•( 


It  will  be  seen  that  while  prices  have 
fallen  from  the  artificial  point  of  January, 
they  are  only  a  little  below  those  of  a 
year  ago  on  basic  and  No.  2  foundry; 
while  the  bessemer  average  has  advanced 
slightly. 

In  the  case  of  finished  iron  and  steel, 
while  such  trend  in  prices  as  can  be 
observed  is  downward,  there  are  no  im- 
portant or  marked  declines.  Tinplate 
remains  firm  at  the  advanced  price 
reached  last  year,  with  the  mills  all  busy, 
but  perhaps  the  market  would  be  easier 
were  the  leading  interest  free  from  labor 
troubles.  Merchant-steel  pipe  is  being 
rigidly  held,  but  apparently  simply  be- 
cause each  mill  realizes  that  the  jobbers 
should  be  protected  on  the  stocks  they 
have  not  yet  been  able  to  work  off.  Steel 
bars  are  firm  at  the  price  reached  on  last 
year's  advance.  1.4,Sc..  Pittsburg,  except 
that  a  relatively  small  Western  mill  has 
been  shading  SI  a  ton.  in  its  immediate 
territory.  Except  rails,  steel  products 
have  declined  more  or  less  since  the 
opening  of  the  year,  generally  from  S2 
to  .S3  a  ton.  Wire  products  are  being 
shaded  by  several  manufacturers  ,S2  a 
ton.  but  a  few  claim  to  be  holding  to  the 
?1  concession  which  first  appeared  in 
February.  Sheets  are  being  shaded  about 
SI  a  ton  more  than  30  days  ago.  Plates 
and  shapes  are  openly  quotable  at  1.45c., 
but  1.40c.  is  done  in  emergencies,  a  de- 
cline of  about  SI  a  ton  in  the  past  ,30 
days,  or  of  .S3  a  ton  since  the  opening  of 
the  year,  when  the  market  was  at  the  top. 

None  of  these  declines  are  formidable; 
and  prices  have  by  no  means  reached 
points  which  mean  the  disappearance  of 
profits. 


164 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURU'AL 


July  23,  1910. 


The  New  Bureau  of  Mines 


The  following  explanatory  circular  in 
relation  to  the  work  of  the  new  Bureau 
of  Mines  has  been  issued  by  George  Otis 
Smith,  acting  director: 

Scope  of  the  Bureau 
The  act  establishing  a  Bureau  of  Mines 
in  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  ap- 
proved May  16,  1910,  became  effective 
July  1.  As  originally  approved,  the  law 
contemplated  the  transfer  of  the  entire 
Technologic  Branch  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  the  mine  accident  in- 
vestigations, fuel  investigations,  struc- 
tural materials  investigations,  the  entire 
personnel,  property  and  equipment,  to  the 
Bureau  of  Mines:  but  the  sundry  civil  ap- 
propriation act  approved  June  25, 
amended  the  law  to  such  an  extent  that 
the  structural  materials  investigations,  in- 
cluding the  personnel  and  equipment  for 
these  investigations  went  to  the  Bureau 
of  Standards,  Department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor. 

Carrying  out  the  spirit  and  intent  of  the 
law  so  amended,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  has  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  the  investigation  of  mine  accidents 
and  fuels,  together  with  the  personnel 
and  equipment  of  these  investigations 
and  has  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of 
Standards  the  structural  materials  inves- 
tigations and  the  employees  of  the  Tech- 
nologic Branch  engaged  in  these  inves- 
tigations. The  fully  equipped  testing  sta- 
tion at  Pittsburg  also  goes  to  the  Bureau 
of  Mines. 

The  Bureau  of  Mines  therefore  in- 
cludes the  mine  accidents  and  fuel  inves- 
tigations for  which  an  appropriation  of 
$410,000  was  made  by  Congress.  The  ap- 
propriations for  the  bureau,  including  sal- 
aries, rent  and  expenses  of  removal 
amount  to  $502,200  in  all. 

Present  Work  of  the  Bureau 
The  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines'for 
the  first  year  will  be  a  continuation  and 
expansion  of  the  work  carried  on  by  the 
Technologic  Branch  of  the  Geological 
Survey.  The  law  in  itself  provides  for 
a  variety  of  other  problems  that  properly 
belong  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  and  which 
should  eventually  be  undertaken,  such 
as  methods  of  mining  and  metallurgical 
processes,  but  these  activities  will  be  de- 
ferred for  the  most  part  until  Congress 
gives  additional  authorization  in  the  shape 
of  adequate  appropriations.  The  spirit 
of  the  debates  in  Congress  both  on  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  legislation  and  on  the 
appropriation  Items  emphasized  the  de- 
sire to  regard  the  mine  accidents  investi- 
gations as  urgent  and  this  will  be  the  fea- 
ture  of  the   work. 

Appropriations  for  the  Work 
In  all,  $310,000  was  appropriated   for 


mine  accident  investigations.  Of  this  sum 
under  the  general  plans  approved  by^  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  $120,000  is  to 
be  spent  on  the  rescue  stations;  $36,000 
for  housing  nine  stations;  $34,000  for 
equipping  eight  new  stations;  and  $10,000 
for  additional  equipment  for  five  existing 
stations.  The  allotment  for  the  investi- 
gation of  explosives  is  $40,000;  for  elec- 
tricity in  mining,  $14,000;  appliances  for 
preventing  mine  accidents,  $8000;  exam- 
ination and  codification  of  mining  laws, 
$5000;  and  other  technologic  investiga- 
tions, ore  treatment,  etc.,  $10,000.  For 
analyzing  and  testing  the  coals,  lignites, 
ores  and.  other  mineral  fuel  substances 
belonging  to  or  for  the  use  of  the  United 
States,  $100,000  was  appropriated.  Of 
this  amount  $35,000  will  be  spent  in  the 
chemical  and  physical  investigation  of 
fuels;  $25,000  in  the  inspection  of  gov- 
ernment fuel  purchases;  $22,000  in  fuel 
efficiency  investigations;  S5000  in  lignite 
and  peat  investigations;  and  S4000  in 
briquetting    investigations.  ■ 

Mine  Accidents  and  Explosives 

The  mine-accident  investigations,  which 
have  been  transferred  from  the  Geologic- 
al Survey  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  were 
first  authorized  in  the  legislative  appro- 
priation act  of  May  22,  1908,  carrying 
for  this  purpose  an  appropriation  of. 
$150,000.  This  was  followed  by  a  sim- 
ilar appropriation  carried  in  the  act  for 
the  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment for  1910.  A  mine  experiment  sta- 
tion was  established  in  Pittsburg  during 
1908,  at  which,  since  that  time,  investiga- 
tions of  explosives,  coal  gas,  dust,  elec- 
tricity and  other  possible  causes  of  mine 
explosions  have  been  continually  under 
way.  The  mining  engineering  field  force 
of  the  Geological  Survey  has  already 
made  decided  progress  in  the  study  of 
underground  mining  conditions  and  meth- 
ods. Practically  all  of  the  coal  mines  in 
which  mine  explosions  have  occurred 
during  the  last  two  years  have  been  care- 
fully examined,  the  gases,  coke  and  dust 
have  been  analyzed  at  the  laboratory  at 
Pittsburg  and  every  effort  has  been  made 
to  determine  the  explosibility  of  various 
mixtures  of  gas  and  air  in  the  presence 
of  shots  of  different  types  of  explosives. 
Considerable  progress  has  also  been 
made  in  the  investigation  of  explosives 
used  in  coal  mining,  and  the  conditions 
under  which  they  may  be  used  with  least 
risk.  Manufacturers  have  submitted 
many  explosives  for  test  at  the  station 
and  a  considerable  portion  of  them 
passed  and  have  been  classified  among 
the  permissible  explosives.  The  investi- 
gations and  educational  work  in  connec- 
tion with  the  use  of  artificial  breathini'T 
and   other   types   of  mine-rescue   equip- 


ment, the  so  called  oxygen  helmets,  have 
not  only  been  useful  in  developing  a 
more  satisfactory  use  of  such  equipment 
in  the  examination  of  mine  explosions, 
but  also  better  methods  for  using  this 
equipment   in  mine-rescue   work. 

Value  of  Fuel  Investigations  and 
Government  Purchases 

The  fuel  investigations  under  the  Geo- 
logical Survey,  which  are  transferred  to 
the  Bureau  of  Mines,  have  already  re- 
sulted in  a  better  realization  throughout 
the  country  as  to  the  value  of  fuels.  One 
result  of  this  work  is  that  nearly  all  of 
the  fuel  now  purchased  by  the  Federal 
Government  is  bought  on  specifications 
and  subject  to  test  by  the  Fuel  Division, 
or  purchased  after  examination  made 
of  the  coal  supplied  by  the  mines  from 
which  coal  is  delivered  to  the  Govern- 
ment. 

Publications  of  the  Geological 
Survey 

The  publications  of  the  Survey  relat- 
ing to  mine  and  fuel  investigations,  those 
prepared  by  the  Technologic  Branch,  will 
i.i  the  future  be  distributed  by  the  Bu- 
reau of  Mines.  The  publications  relating 
to  structural  materials  will  continue  to 
be  distributed  by  the  Geological  Survey. 
The  last  of  the  bulletins  of  the  Techno- 
logic Branch  to  be  published  by  the  Sur- 
vey will  be  issued  from  the  Government 
Printing  Office  about  Aug.  1.  This  bulle- 
tin relates  to  the  "Explosibility  of  Coal 
Dust"  and  was  prepared  by  G.  S.  Rice, 
with  chapters  by  J.  C.  Frazer,  Axel  Lar- 
sen,  Frank  Haas  and  Carl  Scholz. 

Publications  of  the  New  Bureau 

The  first  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  bulle- 
tins, the  "Volatile  Matter  of  Coal,"  by 
H.  C.  Porter  and  F.  K.  Ovitz,  will  be 
published  in  the  next  few  months.  Then 
will  follow  "Coal  Analyses,"  by  N.  W. 
Lord  and  J.  S.  Burrows;  "Final  Data  Re- 
garding Steam  Tests,"  by  L.  P.  Brecken- 
ridge;  "North  Dakota  Lignite  as  a  Boiler 
Fuel,"  by  D.  T.  Randall  and  Henry  Kreis- 
inger;  "Producer-gas  Tests  in  1905- 
1907,"  by  R.  H.  Fernald;  "The  Coke  In- 
dustry as  Related  to  the  Foundry,"  by 
Richard  Moldenke;  "Coals  for  Illuminat- 
ing Gas,"  by  A.  H.  White  and  Perry 
Barker;  and  "Petroleum  for  Combustion 
under  Steam  Boilers,"  by  I.  C.  Allen. 

These  publications,  when  issued,  can 
be  obtained  by  addressing  the  Director 
of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  at  Washington- 


The  preliminary  statement  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  Mines,  of  Quebec,  gives  the  pro- 
duction of  mica  as  62,516  lb.,  worth  S26,- 
834  in  1909.  In  1908,  the  value  of  this 
product   was  $95,311. 


July  23,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


165 


Surface  Equipment  at  Clonan  Shaft,  Mineville,  N.  Y. 

A   Modern  Steam  Operated  Power  Plant  for  an  Iron   Mine   Producing 
2000    Tons    per    Day.      Three    Compartment,    Concrete    Lined    Shaft 


B    Y 


GUY 


C 


S    T    O    L    T    Z 


The  three-compartment  Clonan  shaft' 
at  Mineville,  N.  Y.,  is  concrete  lined 
and  was  sunk  vertically  to  relieve  the 
long  tram  necessary  to  take  ore  from  re- 
mote parts  of  Mine  21  of  the  Port  Henry 
Iron  Ore  Company,  to  the  pocket  at  the 
foot  of  the  old  double-track  inclined  hoist 
way.'  The  shaft  was  named  after  E.  P. 
Clonan,  the  company's  superintendent. 
The  power  plant  for  the  new  shaft 
is  150  ft.  from  the  shaft  collar.  The  build- 


ing pipe.  The  grate  surface  of  each  boiler 
is  45  sq.ft.  The  feed  water  is  taken  from 
a  concrete-walled  reservoir  about  50  ft. 
from  the  building  by  a  10.\12-in.  Knowles 
single-acting  piston  pump  and  delivered 
under  a  head  of  10  ft.  to  a  15,000-gal. 
reservoir  under  the  engine-room  floor. 
From  this  storage  the  water  is  fed  by  a 
second  Knowles  I0xl2-in.  single-acting 
pump  through  a  igji-in.  by  8  ft.  5-in., 
(iOO-h.p.  Wainwright  water-tube  heater  of 


main  damper  with  necks  to  suit  each 
boiler.  Each  neck  has  its  independent 
damper 

Coal  Storage 

Bituminous  coal  is  taken  from  the  Del- 
aware &  Hudson  railroad  at  Port  Henry 
and  brought  to  Mineville  over  a  7-mile 
standard-gage  line  and  dumped  into  a 
closed  trestle,  built  along  the  front  of 
(he    boiler   room.     The    trestle   bin   is   20 


Clonan  Shaft  and  Power  House,  Mineville,  N.  Y. 


ing  is  a  T-shaped,  concrete-block  and 
monolithic  structure.  The  blocks  were 
made  by  the  company  from  the  tailings 
resulting  from  magnetic  separation. 

Boiler  Room  and  Stack 

The  boiler  room  is  49x51  ft.  and  will 
contain  four  Delaney  return-tubular  boil- 
ers, installed  in  sets  of  two  and  rated  each 
at  150  h.p.  with  150-lb.  steam  pressure. 
One  set  is  now  installed.  The  boilers  arc 
provided  with  steam  domes  and  in  addi 
tion  to  the  regular  blow-off  are  also  pro- 
vided with  surface  blow-off  and  equaliz- 


•MlnlnB  iMiRlni-of.  rent  llinrv  Irnn  Oro 
Compiiny  and  Cliccvcr  Iron  (»re  Company. 
.Mini-villf.     \.     Y. 

'"The  Climnn  Slinft,"  Knij.  am>  Min.  .Tiiiiix.. 
•Ian.    11,    IIKis. 

'"Itprlnlnilin;  Mine  21,"  Kxo.  axi>  Mix. 
Jornx.,   Mar.    20.    lilOi). 


the   closed   type   into   a  4-in.   water  main 
in  front  of  the  boilers. 

The  stack  is  bell-bottomed,  self-sup- 
porting, 76  in.  in  diameter  and  90  ft.  high. 
It  rests  on  a  base  plate  10  ft.  in  diameter, 
which  in  turn  anchors  to  a  block  of  con- 
crete 14' ,  ft.  square  at  the  base,  24  ft. 
high  and  12  ft.  square  at  the  top.  The 
lower  45  ft.  of  stack  are  'ji-in.  steel 
and  the  upper  half,  5/16-in.  steel.  A 
4x6-ft.  opening  is  provided  near  the  top 
of  the  concrete  block  to  receive  the 
breeching.  The  concrete  base  around  the 
breeching  entrance  is  lined  with  firebrick 
up  to  the  base  of  the  hell  bottom,  and  a 
clean-out  door  is  placed  in  the  concrete 
block  on  a  level  with  the  bottom  of  the 
smoke  breeching.  The  breeching  in  front 
of  the  boilers  is  made  of  No.  8  step],  5 
ft.    (3    in.    in    diameter,    provided    with    a 


ft.  high  and  has  a  capacity  of  300  tons. 
The  rear  wall  of  the  boiler  room  acts  as 
one  side  of  the  storage  bins  and  is  pro- 
vided with  coal-chute  openings,  4  ft. 
wide  by  8  ft.  high,  at  frequent  inter- 
vals; one  central  opening  10  ft.  wide  ful- 
fils the  twofold  purpose  of  allowing  coal 
to  run  to  the  boiler  room  and  pennits  the 
change  of  the  dome  boiler  shell.  The 
coal  will  run  out  the  doors  and  on  as- 
suming an  angle  of  repose,  it  comes  to 
within  6  ft.  of  the  boiler  sets  which 
makes  convenient  handling  for  the  fire- 
men. In  case  the  storage  supply  should 
be  reduced  to  such  a  point  that  the  coal 
will  not  run  out,  it  can  be  brought  to  the 
several  boilers  by  hand-trammed  cars. 
However,  if  the  bin  is  kept  full,  no  sec- 
ond handling  is  necessary,  and  the  coal 
is  shoveled  off  the  concrete  floors.    Ashes 


166 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


July  23,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


167 


are  trammed  to  the  low  land  just  outside 
the  boiler  room.  Tunnels  to  tap  the  ash 
pits  are  likely  to  be   driven   later. 

Hoisting  Engine  and  Compressors 

The  steam  hoisting  plant  equipped  by 
the  Sullivan  Machinery  Company  occu- 
pies a  room  31x40  ft.  with  the  floor  level 
10  ft.  above  the  boiler  room.  The  hoist 
is  duplex,  direct  acting,  consisting  of 
two  20x42-in.  Corliss  engines,  two  wind- 
ing drums  each  7  ft.  in  diameter  and  of 
sufficient  length  to  carry  1000  ft.  of  I's- 
in.  steel  cable.  •  The  drums  are  loose  on 
the  crank  shaft  and  are  driven  with 
steam-operated,  band-friction  clutches. 
Each  drum  is  supplied  with  a  band  brake 


to  variable  steam  pressure  and  loads,  a 
small  bypass  throttle  is  provided.  After 
the  main  throttle  has  been  automatically 
closed,  the  engineer  opens  the  bypass 
and  admits  sufficient  steam  to  complete 
the   trip. 

The  main  cylinders  are  provided  with 
suitable  release  valves  that  open  auto- 
matically and  discharge  any  water  that 
might  come  over  from  the  boiler  or  col- 
lect from  condensation.  The  levers  and 
hand  wheels  are  conveniently  placed  on 
a  platform  so  elevated  as  to  afford  the 
engineer  a  view  of  the  entire  plant.  The 
hoist  is  built  to  withstand  strains  due  to 
boiler  pressure  of  150  lb.  per  sq.in.  and 
a  total  load  of  14,000  lb.,  made  up  of 
ore,   7250  lb.;   skip,   3750   lb.;    and    1000 


13-3 


Section  of  Clonan  Shaft  House  and  Plan  of  Grizzlies 


operated  by   a   steam   cylinder   and   pro- 
vided with  oil-cushion  cylinders. 

The  drums  are   provided   with   a   gear- 
driven  dial   indicator  with  movable  num- 
bers.     A    mechanism    is   provided    which 
automatically  applies   the   hand   brake   in 
case  the  skips  pass  the  safety  hight  limit. 
The  automatic  brake  will  do  no  damage 
by  shock  or  jar,  as  a  device  is  attached 
which     automatically     closes     the     main 
throttle  when   fhe  skip   reaches  a   prede- 
rmincd    point    on    its    upward    ionrnev, 
'lis  reducing  the  speed  of  the  skip  and 
oving    parts   of   the    machinery    as   the 
rake  is  applied.     In  case  the  skip  does 
lot  quite  reach  the  dumping  plate,  due 


ft.  of  Ps-in.  rope,  2000  lb.  At  110-lb. 
boiler  pressure,  the  engines  handle  the 
above  load  either  in  or  out  of  balance  at 
a  rope  speed  of  1500  ft.  per  minute. 

Two  1380  cu.ft.  I6x28x24-in.  and 
14' jx24x24-in.  two-stage  Sullivan  S.  L. 
compressors,  fitted  with  compound  steam 
cylinders  are  installed  in  the  33x40-ft. 
compressor  room.  An  8-in.  air  line  leads 
through  an  underground  ."^-fi'j-ft.  con- 
crete tunnel  to  the  vertic-H  shaft.  In  this 
room  is  a  lOxlO-in.  center-crank,  single- 
acting  Ideal  steam  engine  which  drives  a 
20-kw.  direct-current  Westinghouse  mo- 
tor for  lighting  the  mine  and  yards.  It  is 
also    intended    that    this    engine    should 


drive   a   line   of  shafting  for  a  machine 
shop  to  be  built  later. 

Head  Frame  and  Skips 

The  head  frame  is  a  steel  structure  90 
ft.  high  with  a  base  45x100  ft.  It  was 
built  by  the  Wisconsin  Bridge  and  Iron 
Company.  A  dry  room  15x32  ft.  is  pro- 
vided in  the  frame  at  the  shaft  collar  and 
at  one  side  of  the  frame  is  a  housing  for  a 
40-h.p.  single-stage  engine  which  is  belt 
connected  to  a  crusher.  I-beams  and 
traveling  blocks  are  placed  over  the 
crusher  and  heavy  grizzlies.  The  hight 
and  length  of  frame  permits  the  ore  to  be 
handled  by  gravity  over  the  grizzlies  and 
chutes  and  finally  delivered  to  storage 
bins  of  ample  capacity. 

The  run-of-mine  ore  is  dumped  at  a 
point  65  ft.  from  the  collar  of  the  shaft. 
The  ore  first  runs  over  a  3-in.  grizzly  10 
ft.  long  by  5  ft.  wide,  pitching  35  deg., 
the  undersize  goes  to  a  v500-ton  furnace- 
ore  storage  bin.  The  oversize  then  passes 
to  another  3-in.  movable  grizzly  of  like 
dimensions.  This  grizzly  is  in  a  hori- 
zontal position  as  it  receives  the  ore.  The 
rock  is  picked  out  and  thrown  to  50-ton 
side  pockets.  The  undersize  at  the  sec- 
ond grizzly  has  another  opportunity  to  go 
to  the  first  bin  of  furnace  ore.  The  mov- 
able grizzly'  is  lowered  by  band-brake 
mechanism  and  the  oversize  passes  to  a 
6-in.  grizzly  10  ft.  long  by  4'j  ft.  wide, 
pitching  32  deg.  By  a  system  of  counter- 
weights the  sorting-floor  grizzly  is  then 
raised  for  the  next  dump.  At  the  third 
set  of  grizzlies,  the  undersize  drops  into  a 
storage  bin,  which  has  a  gate  opening  so 
that  the  ore  may  be  fed  to  a  No.  6  style 
K  Gates  crusher,  which  has  a  capacity 
of  700  tons  in  10  hours.  The  discharge 
of  furnace  ore  from  the  crusher  drops 
into  a  60-ton  bin.  In  this  way  all  ore 
3  in.  and  under  is  eliminated  on  grizzlies 
Nos.  1  and  2;  the  6-in.  size  passes 
through  grizzly  No.  3  to  the  crusher 
where  it  is  crushed  to  a  3-in.  size.  The 
6-in.  over-product  or  lump  ore  goes  to  a 
set  of  chutes  40  ft.  long,  pitching  32  deg., 
each  holding  60  tons  of  ore. 

Two  gates,  4x4  ft.  on  rollers  in  side 
guides,  operated  by  a  4-ft.  air  hoist,  con- 
trol the  flow  of  lump  ore  as  it  is  loaded 
into  cars.  The  several  gates  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  furnace-  or  fine-ore  bins  and 
rock  chutes  are  operated  by  levers  from 
an  elevated  platform.  The  furnace-ore 
product  is  loaded  into  steel  or  wooden 
cars  of  10  to  25  tons  capacity.  The 
storage  bins  and  chutes  are  built  of  plank 
and  lined  with  i,<x6-in.  steel  strips,  10  ft. 
long.  The  skips  each  weigh  3750  lb.  and 
have  a  capacity  of  about  4  tons.  They 
are  of  the  Kimberley  type,  shown  on 
page  1006  of  the  Journal  of  May  14, 
1910,  and  run  on  5' ■x7-in.  maple  guides. 

Three  lines  of  track  run  under  the  head 
frame,  two  lines  for  fine  or  furnace  ore, 
and  a  third  under  the  dump-ore  storage 
chutes. 

'■'Mnvalile  SortltiK  Floor  Orlzzlv."  Kng.  AND 
JtiN.  .TorRN..  Sopt.  4  nnd  Oct.  3(l,  1009. 


168 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


The  Waihi  Mine  in  New  Zealand 

V--  ■ 

London  Correspondence 


It  may  be  said  that  the  development  of 
the  Waihi  mine  in  New  Zealand  is  of 
great  interest  to  mining  engineers  the 
vorld  over.  It  is  a  mine  which  satisfies 
to  the  fullest  extent  the  ordinary  con- 
ception of  what  a  mine  should  be.  The 
orebodies  are  so  deeply  inclined  that  they 
are  best  developed  from  vertical  shafts. 
The  width  of  the  orebodies  necessitates 
filling  the  stoped-out  areas,  and  this  is 
kept  up  with  the  sloping.  Indeed,  the  fa- 
cilities for  filling  determine  the  e.xtent  to 
which   stoping  can   be   carried. 

The  andesite  country  rock  has  been  so 
fissured  that  although  the  fissures  have 
in  great  part  been  filled  with  ore,  yet 
there  are  cavities  remaining  forming 
large  reservoirs  for  water,  which,  added 
to  the  drainage  from  the  immediate 
neighborhood,  demand  ample  pumping 
facilities. 

Financial  and  Physical  Condition   of 
THE  Waihi 

The  financial  and  physical  condition  of 
the  Waihi  is  well  shown  by  the  results 
of  last  year's  work,  represented  in  the 
accompanying  tabulation,  which  for  com- 
parison includes  the  year  1908. 

1909.  19US. 

Gross  receipts £970,034  £939,534 

Expenses,  ordinary 363,852  381,393 

Expenses,    depreciation   and 

maintenance 73,893  77,885 

Expenses  appropriated  tow- 
ard      new     water     power 

plant 40,000  

Net  profit 492,289  480,256 

Dividend    and  taxes 486,162  454,059 

Tons  ore  crushed 416,813  393,214 

Yield  per  ton 46 . 2  47  .  o 

Dividend  and  taxes  per  ton  .  23 .3  23 . 1 

Expenses  per  ton  (difference)  22.9  24.4 

The  security  of  the  mine's  position 
is  shown  by  the  amount  of  the  ore  re- 
serves, which  it  is  stated,  was  conserva- 
tively estimated  to  be  1,335,586  tons  of 
an  average  value  somewhat  less  than  that 
of  the  ore  crushed  during  the  year  1908. 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  amount 
of  ore  reserves  is  a  little  larger  than  that 
declared  for  the  previous  year,  and  the 
largest  so  far  recorded.  Development  is 
now  being  done  upon  three  large  ore- 
bodies  on  the  ninth  level,  which  so  far 
show  themselves  to  maintain  their  width, 
although  with  a  somewhat  decreased 
nietal  content. 

Confidence   in  the   Future  of 
THE  Mine 

A  large  proportion  of  the  shares  in 
this  company  is  locally  held  in  New  Zea- 
land, so  that  their  present  market  value 
may  be  taken  to  express  the  measure  of 
the  local  confidence  in  the  future  of  the 
mine.  Allowing  for  the  reserve  fund  of 
£170,000  invested  in  high-class  securities, 
there  would  appear  to  be  in  the  ore  re- 
serves a  present  value  of  about  £3  per 
share,  the  distribution   for  last  year  hav- 


ing been  18s.  per  share.  The  difference 
between  this  figure  and  that  of  £8;i, 
which  is  the  present  market  value,  rep- 
resents the  confidence  place  in  the  possi- 
bilities of  the  future;  or,  in  other  words, 
the  market  value  is  secured  to  the  ex- 
tent of  about  35  per  cent.  It  will  be  con- 
sidered by  most  engineers  that  this  is  a 
strong  expression  of  confidence  and 
probably  beyond  what  they  would  feel 
iiclined  to  allow  for  an  orebody  of  the 
nature  of  that  at  the  Waihi,  especially 
when  with  further  depth,  additional  ex- 
penditures will  be  incurred  to  meet  the 
increased  mining  costs. 


The  Southern  District  of  Baja 
Cahfornia 

Special  Correspondence 


Baja  California  is  a  portion  of  Mexi- 
co of  which  little  is  known  of  its  min- 
eral deposits.  One  of  the  reasons  that 
this  territory  has  been  neglected  from 
a  mining  point  of  view  is  due  to  the  fol- 
lowing historical  facts: 

.^bout  40  years  since,  a  loan  was  made 
and  negotiated  by  some  English  and 
French  capitalists,  and  as  a  side  issue 
in  the  negotiation  of  the  loan,  the  French 
were  granted  a  mineral  concession  in 
the  portion  known  as  "Distrito  Norte  de 
la  Baja  California,"  and  the  English 
were  granted  a  similar  concession  in  the 
portion  known  as  "Distrito  Sur  de  la 
Baja  California,"  to  last  for  40  years. 
Consequently,  it  will  be  readily  under- 
stood that  these  concessions  practically 
killed  prospecting  in  this  territor>'  during 
the  life  of  the  concession.  The  conces- 
sions have  expired  and  the  concession 
holders,  which  are  companies  now,  have 
been  required  to  distinctly  define  by 
brechas  and  mojoneras  their  respective 
pertenencias,  and  should  they  desire 
more  pertenencias  they  must  denounce 
and  apply  for  them  the  same  as  an  out- 
sider. 

The  Procreso  Mining  Company 

The  Progreso  Mining  Company  is  the 
representative  of  the  original  concession 
holders  of  "Distrito  Sur."  The  seat  of 
its  operations  is  at  El  Triunfo,  where  it 
has  an  antiquated  mill  and  plant.  The 
policy  seems  to  be  that  those  interested 
are  perfectly  satisfied  with  the  dividends 
that  are  forthcoming  with  the  present 
system  of  treatment  and  the  plant  is  good 
enough  for  them,  on  high-grade  ore. 
However,  it  is  hoped  that  the  Progreso 
company,  under  the  able  management  of 
Arthur  C.  Nahl  and  his  metallurgist,  Mr. 
Blachley,  will  replace  the  antiquated  mill 
by  a  modern  one,  which  will  undoubtedly 
place  the  Progreso  company  among  the 
important  dividend  payers  of  Mexico. 

The  mines  are  situated  around  San 
Antonio,  and  many  of  them  produce  ore 


averaging  over  one  kilogram  of  silver 
and  from  !4  to  Vi  oz.  of  gold  per  ton 
from   veins   of  2  to  3   ft.    in   width. 

Compania  Minera  Aurora  y  Anexas 

The  next  important  mining  operations 
in  the  district  of  San  Antonio  are  those 
of  the  Compania  Minera  Aurora  y  An- 
exas. It  is  developing  the  mines  on  the 
various  properties  which  have  an  area  of 
147  hectares.  Three  of  the  properties 
have  been  developed  sufficiently  to  war- 
rant the  erection  of  a  50-ton  per  day  mill 
and  cyanide  plant.  The  installation  of 
this  plant  is  well  under  way.  The  sys- 
tem may  be  outlined  as  follows:  The 
ore  is  crushed  to  40  mesh  and  classified. 
The  sands  pass  to  leaching  tanks,  while 
the  slimes  are  dewatered  and  sent  to 
Pachuca  tanks.  Butters  filters  are  used. 
It  has  been  the  object  of  the  present 
management  to  develop  only  the  oxidized 
ore  in  the  mines  which  has  in  some  in- 
stances continued  down  to  a  depth  of  110 
ft.  The  ore  blocked  out  will  supply  the 
plant  for  many  months.  In  the  Colum- 
bina,  rich  shoots  of  sulphide  ore  were 
encountered.  In  the  Frontera  mine  the 
characteristic  ore  in  the  oxidized  zone 
carries  gold  and  silver.  In  the  Frontera 
there  are  also  shoots  of  sulphide  ore 
carrying  as  high  as  2'j  oz.  of  gold  to 
the  ton.  Exploration  work  is  being  car- 
ried on  in  the  different  mines  of  the  com- 
pany, of  which  Frank  Lawrance  is  man- 
ager. 

El  Valle  Mines  Company 

The  next  important  operations  in  San 
Antonio  are  those  of  the  El  Valle  Mines 
Company,    representing    the    interests    of 
some  Denver,  Colo.,  investors.  They  have 
extensive  holdings  comprising  mines  with 
well  defined  veins  of  good  ore.     A  small 
smeltery  which  this  company  erected  has 
been  running  on  trial  lots  of  sulphide  ore 
from    the    various   properties    with   satis- 
factory results,  the  matte  being  shipped 
In  the   Sol  de   Mayo,  Tenth  of  July.  El 
Parral   and   La  Monona,  there   is  enough 
ore  in  sight  to  warrant  a  small  smelter>' 
and    as   soon    as   a   satisfactory    arrange- 
ment  is  made    for   a  regular  coke   sup 
ply,   these    ores    will    be    smelted.      The 
oxidized  ores  are  of  such  proportions  a; 
to  induce  this  company  to  install  a  50 
ton   cyanide   plant.     The   necessary  ma 
chinery  has  been  ordered.     The  compan'' 
is   represented   in   San   Antonio   by   J.  C 
Puttner,    general    manager.      He    expect 
to  have  the  cyanide  plant  and  the  smelt 
ery  in  operation  before  the  end  of  thi 
year. 


A  limited  market  for  crude  beryl  exist; 
Most  of  the  American  output,  handle 
through  mineral  brokers  in  New  Yort 
comes  from  New  York  and  Maine.  Th 
quoted  price  is  from  S30  to  $90  a  tot 
The  material  is  used  for  making  bery 
lium  oxide,  an  expensive  yellow  ciemen 


July  23.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


169 


Smelting  Works  of  Teziutlan  Copper  Company 

Plant  Characterized  by  Utilization  of  Gravity  in  Handling  All  Material. 
Circular  Steel  Ore  Bins  and  Thorough  Mixing  of  Charge  are  Features 

BY    A.    VAN    ZWALUWENBURG=== 


The  new  copper-smelting  and  convert- 
ing plant  of  the  Teziutlan  Copper  Com- 
pany, blown  in  .April  28,  1910,  has  one 
of  the  most  simple  and  economical  sys- 
tems of  handling  materials  in  use.  It  is 
the  "gravity  plant"  apparently  carried  to 
its  ultimate  development.  The  force  of 
gravity  furnishes  power  for  operating  all 
machiner. ,  provides  water  for  the  jackets 
and  for  granulating  and  carrying  awav 
the   slag,   and   transports   limestone    from 


tomatic  mixing  and  control  of  distribu- 
tion of  coarse  and  fine  ore,  and  of  sili- 
cious  and  less  silicious  material.  The 
precision  of  the  control  of  the  mixture 
simplifies  the  smelting  problem. 

Advantage  Taken  of  Natural 
Features 

The  situation  of  the  property  of  the 
company  favored  the  gravity  system  for 
the  economic  handling  of  material.     The 


for  the  water  supply  of  the  works.  The 
hydroelectric  plant  is  placed  lower  down 
on  the  Atexcaco  river  at  an  elevation  of 
3200  ft.  and  nine  kilometers  from  the 
smeltery. 

There  are  two  lines  of  aerial  tram- 
way, one  carrying  the  limerock  from  the 
quarry  to  a  bin  at  the  mouth  of  the  mine 
and  another  which  takes  both  ore  and 
limestone  to  the  smeltery  bins.  The  lime- 
stone tramway  has  a  capacity  of  15  tons 


The  New  Smeltery  of  Teziutlan  Copper  Company,  Teziutlan,  Pukbla,  AAe.mco 


I  the  quarry  and  ore  from  the  mine  to  the 
furnace   bins,    incidentally   preparing   the 
I  mixture    for   the    furnace   charge.      Even 
the  short  distance  that  the  coke  Is  car- 
ried from  the  Interoceanic  Railway  tracks 
lat  Teziutlan   over  the   company's   line   is 
la  down-hill  haul,  so  that  the  engine  has 
|merely  to  push   back  empty   cars. 

The  most  interesting  feature  of  the 
'plant  is  the  ingenious  system  of  separ- 
inp  the  coarse  from  the  fine  ore  and 
rportioning  the  varying  kinds  to  the 
melting  charge.  The  gravity  tramway 
■rmits  the  weighing  and  removing  of  a 
imple  in  transit  and  also  an  almost  au- 


•riioinlst 

J. 


•mil      niiMalliirijIsI       Itiillwi-ford. 


engineer  who  designed  and  built  the 
plant,  Cyrus  Robinson,  of  New  York, 
also  selected  the  site  and  adjusted  the 
parts  to  the  natural  advantages  of  the 
situation.  The  smeltery  Is  17  km.  from 
the  town  of  Teziutlan,  Mex.,  in  the  brok- 
en country  between  the  central  plateau 
and  the  low  land  stretching  eastward 
toward  Vera  Cruz  and  the  Gulf.  It  lies 
at  an  elevation  of  5000  ft.  The  main 
tunnel  of  the  mine  is  at  an  altitude  of 
5400  ft.,  while  the  Chlgnautia  quarry, 
which  furnishes  the  only  flux  employed, 
is  at  an  elevation  of  7300  ft.,  and  about 
three  miles  from  the  furnace  bins.  Water 
Is  taken  from  the  Xolat  river,  above  the 
plant,   at   5150    ft.,   giving    150    ft.    head 


II 


per  hour  and  is  equipped  with  automatic 
loading  and  dumping  arrangements.  All 
limestone  is  sized  at  the  quarry  to  five- 
inch  ring  and  at  the  lower  terminal  at 
the  mouth  of  the  mine  tunnel  Is  dumped 
into  a  circular  steel  bin,  40  ft.  high  and 
25  ft.  in  diameter.  This  bin  is  situated 
in  line  with  four  other  similar  bins  whxh 
receive  the  ore  from  the  mine  and  which 
spout  directly  into  the  buckets  of  the 
lower  tramway  carrying  the  material  to 
the  smeltery  bins. 

The  lower  tramway  has  a  capacity  of 
45  tons  per  hour.  It  travels  around  the 
five  bins  at  the  mine  and  delivers  into 
12  circular  bins  at  the  smeltery  having 
a  combined   capacity  of  3000  tons.     All 


170 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


buckets  are  made  of  the  same  weight  and 
pass  over  registering  scales  on  their  way 
to  the  smelting  plant.  The  buckets  are 
also  numbered  for  a  purpose  to  be  ex- 
plained later. 

Circular  Steel  Bins 

The  bins  installed  at  this  plant  de- 
serve a  detailed  description.  They  are 
merely  steel  shells  without  bottom  and 
without  bracing  of  any  kind  set  upon  a 
foundation.  After  the  shell  is  in  place 
an  inclined  bottom  is  built  up  of  rock 
covered  with  40-lb.  rails,  sloping  at  an 
angle  of  45  deg.  to  the  spout.  The  area 
of  the  bottom  is,  therefore,  elliptical  in 
form  and  offers  ideal  conditions  for 
spouting,  there  being  no  corners  or  an- 
gles to  obstrU'.t  the  descent  of  the  ore. 
The  bin  gates  are  operated  pneumatically 
and  are  controlled  from  a  convenient 
place.  The  shells  are  constructed  of 
3/I6-in.  •  steel   and   carry   no   load   except 


of  ore.  some  of  it  being  coarse,  some 
fine,  some  silicious  and  some  basic.  Suc- 
cessful smelting  demands  a  separation 
and  distribution  of  the  different  kinds. 

Mixing   the   Ore 

The  ore  is  brought  out  of  the  mine  in 
trains  of  four  cars  each.  At  the  mouth 
of  the  tunnel  the  train  is  split  up  so  that 
one  car  goes  to  each  of  the  four  bins. 
The  cars  are  dumped  on  6-in.  grizzlies 
and  everything  that  does  not  pass  is 
sledged  through.  The  ore  drops  through 
upon  an  inclined  ■;4-in.  grizzly.  The  bins 
are  divided  by  a  partition  down  the  cen- 
ter. The  oversize  falls  into  one  side, 
the  fines  in  the  other.  Thus  immediate- 
ly upon  leaving  the  mine  the  load  of  each 
train  is  distributed  over  four  bins  and 
separated  into  coarse  ore  and  fines. 

The  ore  is  drawn  off  into  the  buckets 
in    rotation,    thus    affording   another   dis- 


total    of   64    chances    for   mixing,   before 
the   furnace  charge  is  made  up. 

Every  thirteenth  bucket  coming  down 
from  the  mine  is  the  sample  bucket. 
Since  this  bucket  goes  the  circuit  of  the 
four  bins  at  the  mine,  the  result  is  a 
rotated  sample  consisting  of  one-thir 
teenth  of  the  entire  tonnage.  The  sample 
bucket  discharges  into  a  railroad  car, 
which  goes  to  the  sampling  bin  to  be 
crushed  and  cut  down.  The  reject  from 
the  operation  of  sampling  is  distributed 
into  its  proper  bins.  A  thirteenth  sample 
from  two  ore  bins  weighs  approximately 
40  tons.  In  redistributing  the  reject  it 
is  brought  up  in  10-ton  cars,  two  going 
to  one  bin  and  two  to  the  other. 

Third  R.ail  System  Used  for  Haulage 

The  charge  cars  are  run  between  the 
bins  and  the  proper  proportions  to  make 
a  4-ton  charge  drawn  off.  These  cars 
are    equipped   with   motors   on   the   axle 


Aerial  Tramways  of  Teziutlan  Copper  Company.  Teziutlan,  Mexico 


that  due  to  side  pressure.  The  load  of 
the  bin  contents  is  carried  directly  by 
the  rock  filling  in  the  bottom,  which 
saves  a  large  proportion  of  the  usual  ex- 
pense of  construction.  The  cost  of  these 
bins,  erected,  per  ton  of  ore  stored,  is 
S2.50,  as  compared  with  about  34.75  for 
the  most  economical  rectangular  bins 
carrying  the  load  upon  their  own  sup= 
ported  bottom. 

System  of   Handling 

There  are  12  of  these  bins  at  the  smelt- 
ery, arranged  in  two  rows  of  six  each, 
discharging  into  cars  in  a  central  pas- 
sage way.  The  spaces  and  tracks  are  so 
chosen  that  a  car  can  be  loaded  from 
two  opposite  bins  at  the  same  time.  Over 
the  top  of  these  bins  the  aerial  tramway 
passes  at  sufficient  hicht  to  permit  lay- 
ing standard  railroad  tracks  for  engine 
and  cars  to  run  under  the  buckets. 

The  method  of  handling  the  material 
from  the  mine  to  the  smeltery  bins  is 
one  of  the  interesting  features  of  this 
plant  and  will  appeal  particularly  to 
smelters.     The   mines    furnish   a   variety 


tribution.  In  the  beginning,  bucket  No. 
1  is  filled  from  bin  No.  1,  bucket  No.  2 
from  bin  No.  2,  and  so  on.  No.  5  bucket 
going  again  to  bin  No.  1  and  No.  6  lo 
bin  No.  2.  The  proportion  of  coarse  to 
fine  being  known  the  ore  can  be  appor- 
tioned by  the  number  of  the  buckets. 

Of  the  12  bins  at  the  smelting  works, 
six  are  used  for  crude  ore,  two  for  sin- 
tered ore,  two  for  limerock  and  the  other 
two  for  slag  and  matte.  Of  the  six 
raw-ore  bins,  two  are  in  process  of  filling 
while  two  are  discharging  and  the  re- 
maining two  are  held  for  sampling.  As 
the  ore  comes  down  from  the  mine  to 
the  two  bins  which  are  in  the  receiving 
stage.  No.  1  bucket  goes  to  bin  No.  1, 
No.  2  bucket  to  bin  No.  2.  No.  3  bucket 
to  bin  No,  1  and  so  on.  This  gives  an- 
other split  to  the  mixture. 

As  the  ore  is  drawn  off  into  the 
charging  cars  there  is  another  split.  The 
distribution  of  the  ore  from  the  mine 
cars  into  the  mine  bins,  from  the  mine 
bins  into  the  tramway  buckets,  from  the 
buckets  into  the  smeltery  bins  and  from 
the   latter  into   the  charge   cars  gives   a 


and  take  current  from  a  third  rail,  a  sys- 
tem which  was  installed  by  Mr.  Rob- 
inson at  the  El  Paso  plant,  also  a' 
Monterey  and  at  Valardefia.  No  at- 
tempt is  made  to  protect  the  thirc 
rail  and  the  system  is  said  to  givt 
much  less  trouble  than  the  overheat 
trolley.  Mr.  Robinson  says  he  prefer; 
to  depend  upon  the  personal  equation 
If  the  employee  is  taught  to  depend  up 
on  the  safety  device,  there  will  be  trouble 
when  the  safety  device  fails.  The  mei, 
know  that  the  third  rail  is  loaded  ani 
keep  away  from  it.  "We  do  not  put  U( 
railings  along  the  river  banks,"  said  Mr 
Robinson,  "and  men  do  not  walk  of 
into  the  water,"  This  argument  is  rath 
er  at  variance  with  the  opinions  of  thi 
advocates  of  more  extensive  use  of  safe 
ty   appliances 

Coke  is  brought  into  the  ya'l  in  stand 
ard-gage  cars  from  the  Interoceanic  lim 
at  Teziutlan.  the  cars  being  placed  be 
side  a  platform  along  the  other  side  o 
which  pass  the  cars  carrving  the  charg'i 
to  the  furnace.  The  coke  is  unloade( 
into  buggies  and  dumped  into  the  chargi 


July  23,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


171 


cars  as  they  come  by  on  their  way  to 
the  furnaces.  There  is,  therefore,  only 
one  handling  of  coke  between  the  rail- 
road cars  and  the   furnaces. 

The  cars  with  the  charge  are  run  over 
the  top  of  the  furnaces  and  emptied  into 
charging-hoppcrs,  whence  the  charge  is 
al'owed  to  drop  into  the  furnaces  as  re- 
quired. 

The  Blast   Furnaces 

The  furnace  buildings,  like  all  other 
buildings  of  the  plant,  are  of  concrete 
and  steel  construction.  The  use  of  com- 
bustible material  is  avoided  in  every  way. 
The  blast  furnaces  are  two  in  number, 
4x20  ft.  at  the  tuyeres,  and  each  has  a 
capacity  of  500  tons  of  charge  per  24 
hours.  The  plant  is  designed  for  a  regular 
tonnage  of  30,000  tons  per  month.  These 
furnaces  are  a  development  of  a  design 
worked  out  by  Mr.  Robinson  for  the  El 
Paso  plant  when  that  smeltery  was  re- 


clined spout  having  the  same  diametc- 
as  the  tuyere  and  closed  by  a  disk  of 
fusible  metal  which  melts  upon  contact 
v.'iih  slag  allowing  the  tuyere  to  dr^in 
froe. 

The  furnaces  are  equipped  with  a  sys- 
tem of  jacket  piping  which  makes  the 
discharge  from  all  jackets  visible.  A 
glance  over  the  waste  launder  tills  the 
furnacemen  whether  or  not  any  of  the 
jacket  cocks  neei  attention.  All  of  the 
piping  is  fitted  with  crosses.  By  taking 
out  the  plugs  from  the  crosses  it  is  pos- 
sible to  run  a  rod  through  any  piece  of 
pipe  without  taking  it  down  or  unsr.rew- 
ing  elbows  and  connections.  The  jackets 
are  held  in  place  by  means  of  crucible 
flange  plates  and  wedges  and  I  beams 
carried  by  the  mantel  columns  and  thrust 
turnbuckles.  Any  jacket  can  be  taken 
out  without  disturbing  any  other  part  of 
the  furnace. 

The  charge  consists  of  the  mine  ore, 


The  settlers  are  11  ft.  in  diameter  and 
4  ft.  6  in.  high,  with  18-in.  linings.  They 
are  provided  with  cooling  pipes  which, 
however,  have  never  been  used. 

Under  the  furnace  floor  there  is  a 
concrete-lined  slag  tunnel,  4x7  ft.,  which 
carries  the  drainage  of  the  plant,  the 
water  from  the  jackets  and  all  excess 
water  from  the  place.  The  slag  drops 
from  the  spout  directly  into  this  tunnel 
and  before  reaching  the  stream  is  struck 
by  a  jet  furnished  by  the  natural  head 
of  water.  The  stream  flowing  through 
the  tunnel  carries  the  granulated  mate- 
rial to  the  river,  there  being  45  ft.  fall 
available  between  the  mouth  of  the  tun- 
nel  and    the    river   level. 

Converters 

The  converter  house,  which  is  an  ex- 
tension of  the  furnace  building,  contains 
two  stands.  The  converters  are  84x126 
in.,  electrically  tilted  and  of  special  de- 


Blast  Furnaces  and  Converting  Department  of  Teziutlan  Copper  Co.mpany,  Teziutlan,  AIe.xico 


built  after  the  fire  eight  years  ago.  In 
the  construction  no  brickwork  is  used. 
Above  each  furnace  is  a  65-ton  bin  or 
charging  hopper  into  which  the  cnntents 
of  the  charge  cars  are  dunipjd. 

The  ingenious  system  of  charging  is, 
briefly,  as  follows:  The  bins  above  the 
furnaces  are  divided  by  five  vertical 
plates  into  sections.  These  dividing 
plates  extend  about  half  way  up  the  bin. 
Each  of  the  sections  has  two  gates,  each 
gate  operated  separately  by  means  of  a 
hydraulic  cylinder  controlled  from  a  bank 
of  levers  in  front  of  the  furnace.  By 
looking  into  the  furnace  it  can  be  seen 
at  what  point  additional  charge  is  re- 
quired, and  the  corresponding  gate 
opened  to  admit  more  material.  The  fur- 
nace may  thus  be  fed  at  ten  different 
points  independent  of  all  others.  This 
gives  practically  the  same  control  as 
feeding  by  shovel,  the  material  being  in- 
troduced when  and  where  it  is  required. 

Each  furnace  has  38  tuyeres,  3'j  in. 
;in  diameter  and  all  fitted  with  the  Robin- 
ison   safety   device    consisting   of   an    in- 


with  its  proper  proportion  of  coarse  and 
fine  mixed  by  the  system  of  handling 
described,  together  with  about  10  per 
cent,  of  silicious  custom  ore  and  lime- 
rock  from  the  quarry.  No  iron  flux  is 
required.  The  charge  also  contains  a 
varying  proportion  of  sintered  ore,  which 
gives  a  fairly  open  column  in  the  fur- 
nace. The  blast  pressure  has  thus  far 
not  risen  above  28  oz.  and  it  is  not  ex- 
pected to  go  above  32  oz.  The  smelting 
operation  is  semi-pyritic,  the  charge  car- 
rying about  10  per  cent,  sulphur  and  re- 
quiring only  7''  per  cent.  Connellsville 
coke.  The  matte  fall  is  about  one  in 
seven.  When  these  data  were  obtained 
the  furnaces  had  not  yet  settled  into 
their  proper  stride. 

An  average  of  the  ore  from  the  mine 
runs:  SiO..  35  per  cent.;  Fe,  17;  Cu, 
5.75;  AKO,,  7;  Zn,  5;  BaO.  5;  S,  14; 
and  $1.50  in  gold  and  silver.  The  slag 
shortly  after  blowing  in  ran:  SiO..,  39.6; 
Fe,  17;  CaO.  20;  Zn.  5;  BaO.  6.4;  Al  0„ 
7.2;  Cu  (wet).  0.22  per  cent;  and  3 
grams  of  silver. 


sign.  The  tuyeres  have -the  same  safety 
feature  as  the  furnace  tuyeres,  a  fusible 
disk  of  metal  which  melts  the  moment 
the  matte  backs  up  into  the  tuyere,  thus 
preventing  trouble  when  anything  hap- 
pens to  the  blast. 

For  handling  the  six  shells  and  the 
matte  a  crane  with  40- ft.  span  is  used. 
Although  the  bridge  is  built  for  a  30-ton 
load,  the  machinery  with  which  it  is 
equipped  is  that  usually  supplied  with  a 
40-ton  bridge. 

Most  of  the  converter  lining  is  custom 
silicious  ore,  which  is  crushed  so  as  to 
yield  about  40  per  cent.,  through  a  '4- 
in.  screen.  The  fine  is  used  for  tamp- 
ing, while  the  coarse  is  fed  directly  to 
the  converters  during  operation  to  con- 
serve the  linings. 

The  blister  copper  is  cast  into  1  lO-kg. 
pigs  in  tilting  molds  carried  upon 
trucks.  As  soon  as  each  truck  carry- 
ing six  molds  is  filled,  it  is  run  behind 
the  converters  over  a  tank  which  is  kept 
filled  with  water.  The  copper  is  quenched 
while  it  is  still  red  hot,  resulting  in  the 


172 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


production  of  a  clean  pig.  The  pigs  are 
lifted  out  of  the  tank  by  hand  directly 
upon    railroad   cars    ready    for  shipment. 

Power  Plant 

The  power  is  furnished  by  a  1500-kw. 
hydroelectric  plant  situated  a  few  kilo- 
meters down  the  river.  It  consists  of 
four  units  driven  by  Pelton  impulse 
wheels  under  a  head  of  1340  ft.  and  de- 
livers current  at  6000  volts.  The  cur- 
rent is  brought  to  the  station  on  double 
transmission  lines,  each  line  being  suf- 
ficient to  carry  the  entire  load  alone. 
Each  line  has  its  separate  circuit  breaker 
and  its  own  lightning  arresters.  In  the 
transformer  house  at  the  smeltery  the 
current  is  stepped  down  to  440  volts. 

The  power  house,  which  is  practically 
one  building  with  the  transformer  house, 
contains  five  10,000-cu.ft.  Connersville 
blowers  driven  by  individual  motors  of 
100  h.p.  each.  There  is  also  one  Nord- 
berg  40x42-in.  double  blowing  engine 
having  a  capacity  of  9500  cu.ft.  at  12-lb. 
pressure.  Only  one  side  of  this  engine 
is  run  at  a  time,  this  being  sufficient  to 
drive  one  converter.  The  blowing  en- 
gine is  driven  by  a  350-h.p.  motor.  A 
rope  drive  of  eight  I'i-in.  manila  ropes 
is  used,  although  five  ropes  of  this  di- 
mension would  be  enough  to  carry  the 
load.  In  the  extreme-ly  moist  climate  of 
Teziutlan  rope  drive  has  been  found  em- 
inently satisfactory. 

Provision  is  made  for  increasing  the 
length  of  the  flue  system  whenever  the 
present  flues  prove  to  be  insufficient.  The 
10-ft.  steel,  balloon  flue  leads  from  the 
furnaces  to  the  base  of  the  steel  stack, 
which  is  150  ft.  high  and  has  an  inside 
diameter  of  14  ft.  The  base  of  the 
stack  is  30  ft.  high  and  is  of  concrete. 

Costs  and  Efficiency 

The  plant  has  not  been  in  operation 
long  enough  to  show  the  best  results  un- 
der normal  conditions.  The  natural  ad- 
vantages of  the  site  are  hard  to  match 
anywhere,  and  everything  possible  in  a 
mechanical  way  has  been  done  to  make 
the  most  of  them.  Limerock  is  delivered 
in  the  smeltery  bins  for  25c.  per  ton,  and 
the  ore  from  the  mine  is  weighed,  sep- 
arated, mixed  in  the  proper  proportions 
for  the  charge  and  transported  to  the 
furnace  bins  for  lie.  per  ton.  Electric 
power  costs,  exclusive  of  interest  and 
insurance,  28  pesos  (S14)  per  horse- 
power year. 

The  system  of  handling  material 
in  which  the  different  sizes  of  ore 
are  separated  and  mixed,  all  without  ex- 
tra cost  and  merely  as  an  incident  of 
transportation,  eliminates  the  necessity 
for  bedding.  It  secures  a  proper  smelt- 
ing mixture  and  effects  a  great  saving  in 
labor  as  well  as  insuring  a  steadier  run- 
ning of  the  blast  furnaces.  With  a  full 
force  the  smelting  plant  employs  45  men 
per  shift.     When  the  plant  was  put  into 


operation  recently,  the  first  matte  was 
tapped  16  hours  after  turning  on  the 
blast,  and  the  first  pig  of  copper  was 
cast  30  hours  after  beginning  operations. 


Thin-lined  Blast  Furnaces* 


A  thin-lined,  water-cooled  stack  is  the 
latest  development  in  iron  blast-furnace 
construction  in  the  United  States.  A  fur- 
nace of  this  type  has  been  in  operation  at 
the  South  works  of  the  Illinois  Steel 
Company,  Chicago,  since  June  5,  1909, 
and  a  second  furnace  in  the  same  group 
at  that  plant  is  now  being  rebuilt  with  a 
lining  of  the  same  general  character.  Isa- 
bella furnace  of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Com- 
pany, Pittsburg,  of  somewhat  similar 
construction,  has  been  in  operation  since 
August,  1908.  Of  this  type  also  is  one 
Central  furnace  of  the  American  Steel 
and  Wire  Company,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
and  a  stack  of  the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron 
and  Railroad  Company,  at  Ensley,  Ala., 
is  being  rebuilt  with  the  thin  lining  and 
water  jacket.  Water-cooled  shells  or 
jackets,  have  been  in  use  ■  in  Germany 
for  20  years  and  are  considered  an  in- 
dispensable feature  of  German  blast-fur- 
nace practice,  but  in  the  United  States 
this  improvement  did  not  come  up  for 
serious  consideration  until  a  few  years 
ago. 

Simple  in  Design 

The  design  of  such  a  furnace  is  com- 
paratively simple.  The  thin  wall  or  lin- 
ing extends  from  the  bosh  to  the  top  of 
the  furnace,  the  bosh  and  hearth  re- 
maining of  the  construction  which  is  no-iv 
in  general  use.  In  No.  8  furnace  at  the 
South  works,  the  one  which  has  been  in 
operation  for  the  past  year,  the  'shell  is 
built  up  of  cast-steel  plates  with  flanges, 
the  plates  being  fastened  to  the  cylin- 
drical or  conical  shell  by  bolts  through 
the  flanges.  In  No.  5  furnace,  however, 
the  one  which  is  now  being  rebuilt,  the 
shell  is  of  boiler  plate,  riveted  together. 
Isabella  furnace,  at  Pittsburg,  Central,  at 
Cleveland,  and  the  one  under  construc- 
tion at  Ensley,  have  riveted  boiler-plate 
shells.  The  chief  point  considered  in  the 
shell  is  to  have  it  strong  enough  for  the 
purpose. 

In  No.  8  furnace  at  the  South  works, 
the  lining  is  only  9  in.  thick.  It  is  built 
up  of  refractory  brick  made  from  the 
best  refractory  clay  that  can  be  secured. 
The  bricks  are  compressed  in  the  process 
of  manufacture  and  are  made  with  great 
accuracy,  so  that  there  will  be  no  joints 
on  the  face  of  the  lining,  the  bricks  hav- 
ing a  uniform  taper  and  being  laid  ra- 
dially, so  that  one  course  makes  the  com- 
plete lining.  The  stack  is  95  ft.  high  and 
the  diameter  at  the  bosh  is  22  feet. 


Water  Cooling  Arrangements 

On  the  outside  of  the  shell  are  three 
spraying  water  pipes,  which  extend 
around  the  stack,  so  placed  that  they 
keep  a  continuous  curtain  of  water  on 
the  exterior  shell  of  the  thin  lining.  The 
flanges  on  the  sections  of  this  steel  shell 
are  narrow,  being  only  wide  enough  to 
allow  sufficient  room  for  the  bolts  which 
bind  the  sections  together,  and  each  sec- 
tion has  a  deflector  on  its  upper  flange 
which  throws  the  water  inward  against 
the  shell.  A  pump  supplies  sufficient 
water  through  the  spraying  pipes  so  that 
the  shell  is  kept  covered  at  all  times  with 
the  descending  curtain  of  water.  In  No. 
5  furnace,  which  is  now  under  construc- 
tion, the  riveted  steel  shell  has  a  smoot'i 
exterior  and  the  water  flows  unchecked 
over  the  surface.  On  Isabella  furnace 
there  is  a  series  of  what  might  be  called 
flaring  hoops  extending  upward  from  the 
shell,  so  designed  that  each  hoop  forms 
a  bucket  extending  around  the  furnace 
and  holding  a  V-shaped  section  of  water. 
The  water  flows  from  the  top  of  the  fur- 
nace over  the  rim  of  each  bucket  in  suc- 
cession, falling  from  one  into  the  next 
bucket,  so  that  there  is  a  continuous 
body  of  water  in  contact  with  the  shell 
of  the    furnace. 

Apparently,  it  has  not  been  fully  de- 
termined in  American  practice  what  form 
of  construction  is  best  adapted  to  the 
purpose  of  cooling  the  upper  -portion  of 
the  stack.  In  German  furnaces,  many 
variations  are  found,  one  of  the  recent 
types  of  German  construction  showing  a 
24-in.  wall  with  hollow  cast-iron  blocks 
set  in  it  through  which  the  water  cir- 
culates. As  long  as  the  temperature  of 
the  brick  is  kept  within  certain  limits  the 
lining  does  not  become  subject  to  the 
destructive  action  of  the  burden,  which 
the  water  jacket  is  designed  to  prevent. 

Advantages 

There  are  two  objects  sought  in  the 
water-cooled  lining,  both  of  which  tend 
to  the  same  end.  Combustion  is  re- 
tarded in  the  upper  part  of  the  stack, 
which  saves  coke.  The  lining  retains  its 
smooth  face  and  proper  pitch,  so  that 
shelves  are  not  formed,  with  the  unde- 
sirable results  so  well  understood  in 
blast-furnace  practice.  The  water-cooled 
furnace  operates  steadily  at  its  full  ca- 
pacity, without  the  necessity  for  making 
allowances  for  the  factor  of  safety  in  a 
furnace  in  which  the  lining  has  become 
worn. 


•Al.shni'l 


if  nillt'Ii'   In   1!ip  Ii'ttn  .1</r.  .Tinio 


Cochise  county  in  Arizona  leads  in 
combined  mineral  production.  During 
1909  it  produced  23,710  oz.  of  gold;  I,- 
425,696  oz.  of  silver;  139,754,474  lb.  of 
copper;  1,891,308  lb.  of  lead  and  891.395 
!h.  of  zinc.  The  Douglas  smelteries  are 
treating  51  per  cent,  of  the  copper  pro- 
duced in  Arizona,  as  well  as  additional 
tonnage  from  Sonora. 


July  23,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


173 


Nitrate    Deposits    of    Southern 
California 

By  F.  W.  Graeff* 


The  nitrate  beds  owned  by  the  Cali- 
fornia Nitrate  Company  are  situated  in 
the  extreme  eastern  part  of  San  Bernard- 
ino county,  between  Needles  and  Parker 
in  the  Chemehuvis  valley,  32.6  miles 
south  from  Needles,  and  contain  12,160 
acres. 

The  road  from  Needles  to  the  nitrate 
beds  is  in  excellent  condition.  Leaving 
Needles  the  road  penetrates  the  desert 
proper,  passes  a  number  of  sterile  moun- 
tains and  hills  varying  in  hight,  and 
which  are  creamy  yellow.  This  color 
the  main  characteristic  of  the  Califor- 

1  nitrate  beds,  according  to  statements 
the  State  Mining  Bureau.  The  sur- 
L-  consists  mainly  of  clay,  covered  with 
gravel,  spreading  like  a  mantle  over  the 
whole  country,  covering  and  completely 
hiding  the  underlying  strata.  There  are 
many  of  these  exposed  hills  to  the  right 
and  left  of  the  washes. 

Atmospheric  action,  rains  and  floods, 
have  cut  into  the  hills  and  eroded  the 
original  beds  rounding  and  shaping  them 
into  their  present  peculiar  form.  It  is 
only  where  erosive  forces  of  nature  have 
washed  away  the  top  cover  of  this  allu- 
vium that  the  clay  beds  appear  below. 
How  far  they  may  extend  underneath  the 
gravel  is  not  known.  Only  the  exposed 
"Tffs  of  the  nitrate-bearing  clay  hills  can 
observed  at  this  time.  These  hills 
->re  from  100  to  300  ft.  high  and  it  is 
thought  that  large  quantities  of  nitrate 
ITS  obtainable  from  them  and  it  is  likely 
litrate-bearing  strata  will  extend  far  be- 
<nv  the  base  of  the  hills. 

The  clays   in   their  dry  state   are   hard 

ind  compact,  but  when  water  is  applied 

hey  disintegrate  quickly,  due,  of  course, 

1    the   great    amount    of   soluble    saline 

natter  they  contain.     The  samples  which 

took  from  various  parts  of  these  clay 
xds  contain  nitrate  in  various  quantities 
IS  the  analyses  below  will  show.  The 
-amples  taken  at  the  hills  indicate  that 
he  nitrate-bearing  clay  covers  the  hill 
rom  apex  to  base  in  varying  thickness, 
"vered  with  about  6  to  12  in.  of  loose 
imposed     "slum,"     the     residue     of 

iched-out   clay. 

Analyses  of  Samples 

I     give     herewith     analyses    of     four 
mples: 


Per 
Cent. 

Per 

Cent. 

I'cr 
Cent. 

Per 
Cent. 

itratc  of  socliuin  .  . 
hloridc  of  so<ll\iiii.. 
n  nhatc  of  sodium 
iilnlinii>  of  calcium 
'iislurc  .... 

1.1 
0  0 

2  H 
70   0 

8  2 
6.3 
0  0 
3   1 
3.S 

17.2 

11  .S 

2.1 

2  0 

■t   6 

fio  fi 

22.6 

13.1 

1.8 

2.2 

2.3 

'-'Illl>l0. 

•lx>B  Anfreles.  Cal. 


The  analyses  of  samples  obtained  from 
various  strata  at  a  number  of  hills  indi- 
cate that  the  main  bulk  of  nitrate  in 
the  hills  is  contained  in  the  clay  strata. 

The  "insoluble"  contains  mainly  alum- 
ina, iron  and  silica.  One  to  two  per  cent, 
nitrate  is  found  on  top  of  the  hills,  and 
samples  of  a  rocky  material,  most  likely 
of  a  volcanic  nature,  show  also  small 
traces  of  nitrate  in  them. 

Among  other  minerals  found  in  the 
nitrate  beds  are  strata  of  transparent 
gypsum  or  selenite.  Another  variety  of 
gypsum  called  satin  spar,  pure  and  white 
and  decidedly  fibrous,  is  also  met  with  in 
nearly  all  the  beds  in  small  quantities. 
I  also  found  traces  of  iodine  in  two 
samples.  All  samples  analyzed  by  me 
were  surface  samples,  as  it  was  impos- 
sible at  that  time  to  penetrate  the  in- 
terior of  the  hills  or  obtain  samples  from 
strata  under  their  base.  The  relative  high 
percentage  of  nitrate  found  in  the  sur- 
face samples  allows  me  to  draw  the  con- 
clusion that  most  likely  in  the  interior 
of  the  hills  are  large  deposits  of  nitrate. 
I  have  observed  on  the  hills  where  I 
took  samples  that  a  sample  taken  near 
the  top  contained  8.2  per  cent,  of  nitrate, 
while  another  sample  taken  14  ft.  below 
on  the  same  hill  contained  22.4  per  cent, 
of  nitrate.  The  property  contains  many 
hills  of  the  same  character,  ar.d  may  be 
assumed  that  the  same  or  better  results 
will  be  found  in  all  the  clay  hills. 

Mining 

The  extraction  of  the  crude  material 
for  reduction  is  as  simple  as  the  work 
of  borax  or  other  solubles  found  above 
ground.  Pick  and  shovel  will  almost  do 
the  loosening  of  the  nitrate-bearing  ma- 
terial, while  horse  scrapers  and  plows 
can  be  used  to  advantage.  The  loose 
clay  on  top  bearing  only  1  to  2  per 
cent,  of  niter  may  be  removed  easily 
by  a  scraper  and  discarded,  and  little 
blasting,  if  any  at  all,  will  be  necessary 
for  opening  the  nitrate-bearing  ground, 
which  when  scraped  down  to  the  slope 
may  be  loaded  in  wagons  or  cars  and 
carted  to  the  reduction  works  near  by. 
The  dry  water  courses  afford  natural 
roads,  which  with  but  little  work  to  im- 
prove   them,    will    answer    all    purposes. 

The  difficult  question  in  Chile  is  to 
obtain  enoufih  water  for  the  solution  of 
the  nitrate.  The  Colorado  river,  border- 
ing the  property  on  the  east,  will  furnish 
all  the  water  necessary  for  the  extraction 
of  the   nitrate. 

Similarity  of  the  California  and 
Chile  Deposits 

The  California  State  Mining  Bureau, 
in  RiiUctin  24.  describes  the  similarity  of 
the  deposits  along  the  Colorado  river  and 
those  in  Chile.  They  are  summarized  as 
follows:  Both  occur  only  in  the  hot, 
rainless  desert  portions  and  the  nitrate 
'S  associated  with  gypsum,  common  salt, 
glanber  salt   and   sulphate  of  magnesia. 


Both  are  found  on  the  margins  of  dried 
up  sea  bottoms  or  in  the  residuum  of 
evaporated  oceans.  The  deposits  of  ni- 
ter in  both  countries  are  interrupted  by 
deposits  of  salt,  borax,  borate  of  lime, 
soda,  etc.  In  both  Chile  and  California, 
the  caliche  varies  widely  in  depth,  even 
in  spots  close  to  each  other,  running 
from  a  few  inches  to  several  feet.  Spots 
are  found  that  are  almost  pure. 

In  Chile  the  beds  are  covered  with  a 
hard  crust  called  costra.  This  costra  is 
covered  with  the  debris  of  earthy  matter 
cemented  together  into  a  conglomerate 
that  contains  sand,  salt,  gypsum,  etc.  In 
California  the  costra  is  composed  of  the 
same  substances,  but  unlike  Chilian  cos- 
tra  is  soft.  In  Chile  the  costra  has  to 
be  blasted,  while  in  California  it  can  be 
worked  with  a  scraper.  No  nitrate  strata 
are  found  below  the  caliche  in  Chile, 
while  in  California,  nitrates  are  found  in 
more  than  one  of  the  alternating  strata 
of  the  terraces.  In  Chile  the  only  ni- 
trate found  in  commercial  quantities  is 
in  the  caliche  or  nitrate  of  sodium.  In 
the  California  beds,  other  nitrates  are 
present  as  well  as  nitrate  of  sodium  which 
promise  to  be  of  commercial  importance. 


Early  Iron  Making  on  the   Pacific 
Coast 


According  to  the  Bulletin  of  the  Amer- 
ican Iron  and  Steel  Association,  the  first 
pig  iron  manufactured  on  the  Pacific 
coast  was  produced  in  the  Oswego  fur- 
nace, Oregon,  on  Aug.  27,  1867.  The 
first  stack  at  Oswego  was  built  in  1866 
by  the  Oregon  Iron  Company,  which  had 
been  incorporated  Feb.  23,  1865,  with  a 
capitalization  of  $200,000.  It  was  origin- 
ally 32x9  ft.,  but  was  afterward  twice 
enlarged.  The  furnace  was  in  blast  al- 
most continuously  for  10  years.  The 
first  iron  was  melted  with  charcoal  made 
from  Rr  wood  burned  in  charcoal  kilns 
erected  at  the  works.  The  blast  was 
furnished  by  blowers  driven  by  water 
power.  The  cylinders  and  pistons  of  the 
blowing  equipment  were  built  of  wood. 
In  1878  the  plant  was  bought  by  the 
Oswego  Iron  Company,  which  removed 
the  wooden  appliances  and  operated  the 
furnace  intermittently  until  Oct.  26,  1882, 
producing  in  four  years  18,500  gross  tons 
of  pig  iron.  The  Oregon  Iron  and  Steel 
Company,  the  present  owner,  took  over 
the  plant  in  1882  and  produced  14,663 
tons  of  pig  iron  in  the  two  succeeding 
years.  Some  of  the  iron  made  during 
this  period  sold  as  high  as  S40  a  tori. 
Between  1885  and  1889  the  company  was 
reorganized  with  a  capital  of  $1,500,000 
and  a  new  furnace  was  built  in  1888,  the 
old  furnace  being  abandoned.  The  new 
furnace  wns  operated  until  1894,  but  has 
not  been  in  blast  since  that  year.  The 
ore  used  was  a  brown  hematite,  mined 
near  Oswego. 


174 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


The  Mitchell  Slicing  System  at  Bisbee,  Arizona 

A  Modification  of   the   Square   Set   Method.      Requires   Good  Hanging 
WalL      Reduces  Timber   Cost.      Used   at   Calumet   and   Arizona  Mine 


B  Y 


MORRIS 


J 


E  L  S  I  N  G 


Because  of  the  peculiar  conditions  un- 
der which  most  of  the  orebodies  in  Bis- 
bee exist,  square-set  stoping  has  been 
the  only  method  of  extraction.  This  sys- 
tem is  ideal  for  soft  caving  ground  where 
ordinary  caving  and  slicing  methods  are 
unable  to  meet  all   the   requirements. 

About  two  years  ago  at  the  Calumet  & 
Arizona  mine,  while  working  a  heavy 
sulphide  slope  by  the  square-set  method, 
a  large  mass  of  ore  broke  way  from  the 
back,  and  in  order  to  mine  it,  long  tim- 
bers were  thrown  across  the  top  of  the 
ore  to  support  the  back,  after  which  the 
ore  was  taken  out.  From  this  slight  in- 
cident a  combination  of  the  square-set 
and  slicing  systems  was  worked  out  by 
M.  W.  Mitchell,  the  foreman  of  the  Calu- 
met &  Arizona  company.  The  system 
has  been  used  for  over  a  year  and  has 
given  excellent  results  where  the  condi- 
tions have  been  favorable. 

Adapted   to    Bedded    Deposits 

Recently  some  bedded  ore  deposits  have 
been  found  in  the  Calumet  &  Arizona 
property.  Chalcopyrite,  bornite  and  py- 
rite  have  replaced  the  limestone,  the  ore 
following  the  original  bedding  of  the 
limestone  and  including  little  waste. 
These  bedded  deposits  rarely  exceed  50 
or  60  ft.  in  thickness.  The  limestone 
hanging-wall  is  well  defined,  solid  and 
easily  supported.  It  is  in  these  deposits 
that  the  Mitchell  slicing  system  has  been 
employed.  The  greatest  success,  how- 
ever, has  been  attained  in  the  mining  of 
the  oxide  ores  when  they  contain  little 
or  no  waste. 

Method  of  Blocking  Out  the  Ore 

The  orebody  is  first  thoroughly  pros- 
pected to  ascertain  its  general  direction, 
size  and  limits,  in  order  to  determine 
whether  this  method  is  suitable.  The  the- 
ory of  this  system  of  stoping  is  to  out- 
line a  block  of  ore  by  means  of  regular 
square  sets,  allowing  the  pillar  included 
to  rest  on  its  own  base  and  then  cut  it 
out  in  slices  from  the  top  down  after  the 
roof  or  back  has  been  properly  sup- 
ported. The  method  followed  is  illus- 
trated in  Fig.  1.  Two  lead  rows  B  and  B\ 
15  ft.  apart,  of  regular  sill-floor-stope 
square  sets,  are  run  from  the  main  drift 
A  to  the  end  of  the  section  to  be  mined. 
These  are  connected  by  the  square  sets  C. 
Regular  7-ft.  10-in.  stope  sets  are  carried 
up  to  the  limits  of  the  ore  above  the 
end  sets  C  and  above  the  sets  B  and  B'. 
These   sets   now   include   on   three   sides 


a  block  of  ore   15x45   ft.  and  as  high  as 
the  ore  extends. 

Fig.  2  illustrates  the  method  of  framing 
used  for  the  square-set  timbers  which  is 
similar  to  the  Eureka.  The  posts  and 
caps  are  usually  10x10  in.  with  8x10 
girts.  In  the  rows  B  and  B'  the  ties  or 
girts  are  put  in  across  the  drift  with  caps 
running  parallel  to  B  and  B'. 

Slicing 

The  slicing  system  proper  now  com- 
mences and  is  illustrated  by  Fig.  3,  which 
shows  a  plan  and  two  sections  of  the 
stope.  The  drills  are  mounted  on  col- 
umns or  bars  between  the  caps  or  posts 


or  spreader  to  reinforce  them.  The  rows 
of  square  sets  B  and  B'  are  used  as 
chutes,  grizzlies  being  put  in  to  prevent 
large  boulders  from  clogging  the  mouth 
of  the  chutes  which  are.  merely  small 
openings  cut  back  of  every  other  set  on 
the  sill  floor  as  shown  in  Fig.  1.  These 
openings  are  cut  just  large  enough  for  a 
chute,  when  the  sill-floor  lead  sets  are 
run.  With  a  small  amount  of  barring, 
the  cars  are  easily  loaded  from  these 
chutes. 

Placing   of   Timbers 

The  plan  in  Fig.  3  illustrates  some  of 
the  details  of  the  luethod  employed.     No. 


-^3:— 

^^ 

^ — X 

B 

Cut  back 
for  Chute  Jows 

Leave  Sill  Floor,  to 
be  Mioed  from  below 

c 

B' 

\ 

To  be  Jlineil  later 

Sill  Floor 

n'jj If.: 

Tlir  >.■"!/;« 

,ri;,j.fMi« 

Fig.  1.   Method  of  Blocking  out  Ore  with   the  Mitchell  Slicing  System 


•Mlnlrnr  pnslnpor.   RIkIipp.    Ariz. 


of  the  square  sets  and  holes  drilled  from 
the  sides.  When  the  ore  is  broken, 
stringers  S.  and  S2  are  put  in  and  Saga- 
more or  so  called  segment  sets  S  ,  are 
put  in  between  Si  and  S=.  In  the  second 
slice  and  those  following  stringers  Si  are 
put  in  without  the  segment  sets. 

In  mining  the  second  slice,- and  those 
below,  the  best  practice  is  to  mount  the 
drill  column  between  the  stringers  and 
drill  vertical  holes  downward.  The  string- 
ers on  the  top  floor  are  10x10  in.  and 
framed  like  girts  to  fit  the  square  sets. 
On  the  second  floor  8x  10-in.  stringers  are 
used,  while  8x8-in.  may  be  used  on  floors 
below  provided  that  the  ground  is  not 
too  heavy.  Segment  sets  are  put  in  on 
the  top  floor  only  to  support  the  back. 
On  the  remaining  floors  stringers  alone 
are  used  with  perhaps  an  occasional  stull 


1  shows  the  stringer  in  place.  No.  J 
shows  diagonal  braces  to  hold  the  squarf 
sets  in  position.  No.  3  shows  temporary 
spreads  which  are  sometimes  used  to  re 
inforce  the  stringers  when  the  ore  i;' 
blasted.  The  method  of  putting  in  string  , 
ers  is  shown  by  No.  4.  One  end  is  pu 
in  against  the  posts  and  the  caps  m 
the  square  set  in  the  same  way  an  ordin 
ary  girt  is  put  in.  At  X  one  cap  of  tht 
square  set  is  cut  down  2  in.  to  permit  tht 
2-in.  tenon  of  the  stringer  to  go  inti 
position.  When  in  place  a  small  piec> 
of  plank  is  spiked  to  the  cap  to  ho 
the  stringer.  When  the  section  is  workc. 
out  and  is  ready  for  gob  vertical  plank- 
ing is  put  on  at  the  end  of  the  section  ai 
No.  5  in  Fig.  3,  and  the  inside  of  the 
square  sets  is  lapced.  as  shown  by  No> 
0.    When  this  has  been  done  with  the  ore 


i 


July  23.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


175 


worked  out  to  the  level  or  to  the  bottom 
of  the  orebody  the  stope  is  ready  for 
gcb. 

Gobbing  and  Saving  Ti.mbers 

Theoretically  the  gob  should  be  let  in 
at  either  end  of  the  section,  at  the  cen- 
ter, making  it  possible  to  remove  the 
stringers.  The  saving  of  stringers  de- 
pends on  how  the  gob  is  let  into  the 
stope,  the  weight  of  the  ground  on  the 
section  and  the  condition  of  the  string- 
er. Sometimes  it  would  cost  more  to  re- 
move a  timber  than  it  is  worth.     In  such 


A 


!,     I'M" 

I         j'c  to  c 

Wftn 

atopc  Set  Timbers 


With  3  X  10  Oilt 


]i|cap  1 


"f-R 


►*«  ' ' 


H*'- 


P<lSt 


Cap 


mi 


-rt^' * 


ifir 


Girt 

Tki  £'tffmt*rinjf  f  Mining  Jaumat 

Fig.  2.   Method  of  Framing  Square  Set 

Timbers  at  the  Calumet  & 

Arizona  Mine 

a   case    no    attempt    would    be    made    to 
save  it. 

In  general,  an  average  of  perhaps  50 
per  cent,  of  the  stringers  can  be  saved  in 
a  sulphide  stope,  while  in  an  oxide  stope 
with  light  ore  75  to  90  per  cent,  of  the 
stringers  are  saved.  The  square  sets 
are  not  gobbed  as  they  are  used  in  the 
mining  of  the  next  section.  Only  the 
central  portion  is  filled.  When  the  next 
section  toward  the  main  drift  A  is  mined, 
the  pillar  of  ore  to  be  sliced  is  15x25 
feet. 

Requirements  for  the  Application  of 
This  Method 

From  the  method  described,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  requirements  in  order  to 
work  such  a  body  of  ore  are:  (1)  There 
must  he  a  solid  back  which  can  be  easily 
supported.  (21  The  ore  must  contain  little 


or  no  waste,  as  everything  goes  into  the 
chutes,  permitting  of  no  selection.  (3( 
Lateral  and  vertical  pressure  must  be 
small  in  order  to  permit  the  square  sets 
from  buckling  bsfore  the  stringers  are 
put  in;  also  to  allow  the  mining  of  the 
whole  section  before  the  gobbing  is  com- 
menced. 

Cost  of  Mining   Reduced 

In  regard  to  the  reduction  of  the  cost 
of  mining  due  to  the  employment  of  this 
method  of  stoping,  it  is  best  to  compare 
this  method  with  that  which  employs 
square  sets  alone.  It  is  evident  that  less 
timber  is  used  with  this  system.  With 
the  saving  of  75  per  cent,  of  the  string- 
ers, the  working  of  several  sections 
alongside  of  each  other  makes  it  neces- 
sary to  run  only  one  row  of  square  sets 
for  each  section  mined.  There  is  a  sav- 
ing of  perhaps  50  per  cent,  of  the  tim- 
ber in  comparison  with  that  used  in 
square-set  system.  The  mining  of  the 
ore   in  the  square  sets  B  and  B'  would 


place  the  chutes  so  that  the  miner  can 
shovel  directly  into  them.  With  the  in- 
troduction of  tl""  wheelbarrow,  the  cost 
of  mining  is  increased.  With  the  Mitchell 
slicing  system  the  wheelbarrow  is  never 
used  and  shoveling  is  reduced  to  a  mini- 
mum. 

In  working  out  the  sill  floor,  the 
ore  is  handled  by  the  ordinary  method, 
as  here  the  ore  must  be  shoveled  directly 
into  the  mine  cars,  unless  worked  from 
thf  level  below,  which  is  often  done. 

Increased  Tonnage   Obtained 

The  amount  of  ground  broken  per  man 
per  eight-hour  shift  when  using  the  regu- 
lar square-set  system,  is  from  5  to  6 
tons. 

In  mining  the  pillars  with  the  Mitchell 
system  in  sulphide  ore,  12  to  15  tons  are 
broken  per  man  per  shift,  while  in  oxide 
ore  in  auger  ground  25  tons  per  man  per 
shift  is  not  unusual.  When  once  the 
mining  of  the  pillar  commences,  the  work 
is  carried  on  rapidly,  a  pillar  often  being 


g&MtovV/V-aa^^N'<^v^^-^w.;^j, 


.^ 


:^. 


Plan 


r 


s»* 


,^z^ 

iiiiSiiiiiiiiiiiiii 

-iigss: 

^. 

1 

r^.\ 

1 
i 

1 

s., 

St 

> 

1 

^,r,,««7WA^ 

1                       1 

1                        1 

J 

iU 

*                        It 

J      L 

Jf" 

Section  A-S 


Tht  K%\.i\nttr\ng  ^  M\ni^\g  JaumaX 


Section  r-O 

Fig.  3.    Plan  and  Section  Showing  Mitchell  Slicing  System 


cost  approximately  the  same  as  by  the 
regular  square-set  system.  The  cost  of 
mining  a  lead  row  of  sets  is  higher  than 
mining  corner  sets  in  a  square-set  stope, 
but  this  increased  cost  is  offset  by  the 
fact  that  the  ore  from  the  lead  row  of 
sets  falls  directly  into  the  chutes,  mak- 
ing shoveling  into  a  wheelbarrow  and 
wheeling  to  a  chute  unnecessary. 

In  mining  the  pillar,  the  amount  of 
powder  used  is  reduced  to  about  one- 
half.  The  cost  of  timber  and  timbering 
is  also  reduced  to  one-half,  while  the 
cost  of  breaking  the  ore  is  reduced  to 
perhaps  one-third  of  that  in  the  square 
sets. 

Saving  In  Labor 

There  is  a  greater  saving  by  this  sys- 
tem in  the  handling  of  the  ore  than  in 
the  method  of  timbering.  A  large  per- 
centage of  the  ore  is  shot  directly  into 
the  chutes  and  requires  little  or  no  hand- 
ling except  the  breaking  of  boulders 
which  are  too  large  to  pass  through  the 
grizzlies. 

In  square  setting  it  is  often  difficult  to 


worked  out  in  8  or  10  days.  It  has 
been  found  convenient  to  mine  these  pil- 
lars when  there  is  any  sudden  demand 
for  an  increase  in  the  output  of  a  certain 
kind  of  ore.  which  is  another  valuable 
feature  of  the  method. 

Conclusion 

The  system  can  be  worked  on  any  sec- 
tion of  ore  provided  that  it  contains  no 
waste,  is  not  too  heavy  and  is  as  large 
as  20x30  ft.  There  is  flexibility  in  this 
method  as  it  may  readily  be  switched  to 
square-set  stoping  in  mining  irregular 
portions  of  the  orebody.  It  has  not  been 
found  practical  to  mine  a  section  more 
than  50  ft.  thick.  The  system  is  new, 
and  Mr.  Mitchell  is  adding  improvements 
which  will  make  it  a  still  more  valuable 
method   of  mining. 

The  method  has  been  a  success,  but 
owing  to  its  rigid  requirements,  its  field 
is  quite  small.  It  could  be  applied  to 
only  a  few  of  the  orebodies  in  Bisbee 
and  therefore  will  not  become  an  import- 
ant factor  in  reducing  the  cost  of  mining 
in   this  camp. 


176 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23.  1910. 


Mine    Rescue    Stations    in    Illinois 

Design  and  Equipment,  and  Character  of  Training  Given  in  a  Rescue 
Station.        General    Advantages    Derived    and     the    Plan     of    Action 


B    Y 


R. 


Y 


WILLIAMS* 


The  discussion  of  any  problem  affect- 
ing coal-mining  methods  applicable  to 
such  a  State  as  Illinois  is  of  considerable 
interest,  because  Illinois  stands  second  in 
the  list  of  the  27  coal-producing  States, 
and  holds  in  reserve  more  bituminous 
coal  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union. 
It  is  also  the  second  largest  producer  of 
bituminous  coal.  This  position,  however, 
has  been  attained  by  the  sacrifice  of 
many  human  lives  and  the  loss  of  mil- 
lions of  tons  of  coal.  The  indefinite  con- 
tinuance of  these  conditions  would  be 
most  unfortunate.  6ut  coal-mining  engi- 
neers are  facing  these  problems  serious- 
ly. Already  the  explosiveness  of  coal- 
dust  has  been  demonstrated,  methods  of 
its  control  investigated,  a  list  of  per- 
missible explosives  has  been  published 
by  the  Government,  and  a  paper  on  some 
phase  of  the  efforts  now  being  made  for 
the  conservation  of  that  greatest  of  all 
natural  resources,  human  life,  it  is  be- 
lieved will  be  of  value. 

The  investigations  in  this  field  are  pro- 
ceeding along  two  lines — the  prevention 
of  mine  accidents  and  the  work  of  mine 
rescue.  While  the  first  is  by  far  the  more 
important  problem,  it  is  nevertheless  ap- 
parent that  calamities  such  as  mine  ex- 
plosions and  fires  are  of  such  frequent 
occurrence  as  to  be  a  constant  menace 
to  the  safety  of  the  man  and  of  the  mine. 
For  these  reasons  the  work  of  rescuing 
life  and  saving  of  property  are  urgent 
problems  in  present-day  coal  mining. 
With  this  in  mind,  the  following  has  been 
written  in  an  endeavor  to  present  a  gen- 
eral scheme  for  Joint  Mine  Rescue  Sta- 
tions in  Illinois. 

The  Rescue  Station  at  Urbana 

Early  in  March,  1909,  the  United  States 
Survey,  in  cooperation  with  the  State 
Geological  Survey  and  the  University  of 
Illinois,  established  at  Urbana,  Illinois,  a 
mine-rescue  investigation  station  which 
is  a  branch  of  the  Central  Testing  Sta- 
tion at  Pittsburg,  Penn.  This  sub-station 
is  equipped  with  oxygen  helmets  and 
has  a  gas-tight  room  resembling  a  coal 
mine,  in  which  miners  may  test  the  effi- 
ciency of  modern  breathing  appliances. 
Already  this  mine  rescue  laboratory  has 
been  visited  by  many  operators  and  in- 
spectors; a  large  number  of  miners  have 
been  trained  In  the  theory  and  practice  of 
rescue  work;  and  considerable  assistance 
has  been  given  on  the  occasion  of  sev- 

•KnKlnpei-  willi  I'.  S.  (!coI.  Surv.,  rrlmiin, 
III. 

XoTE — Pnppr  rond  lieforp  tlip  Western  So- 
ciety   of    Enplnoer.s,    May   4.    1010. 


eral  mine  fires  and  explosions.  One  sta- 
tion, however,  cannot  render  adequate 
service  in  a  State  having  more  than  400 
large  shipping  mines  scattered  through- 
out an  area  of  275  by  180  miles.  In  fact, 
it  was  not  the  intention  to  establish  at 
the  Urbana  station  a  permanent  rescue 
corps  to  act  in  the  event  of  mine  dis- 
asters in  ordinary  rescue  work.  This  sta- 
tion was  established  primarily  to  supply 
the  equipment  and  trained  assistants  re- 
quired for  the  study  by  the  Survey  ex- 
perts of  mine  explosions  in  the  Illinois- 
Indiana-West  Kentucky  coalfield,  and  in 
the  hope  that  the  station  would  offer  a 
means  of  demonstrating  modern  mine 
rescue  practice  to  the  mining  fraternity 
of  this  field. 

When  an  explosion  or  fire  occurs  in  a 
coal  mine,  conditions  are  usually  such  as 
to  require  that  the  men  entering  the  mine 
be  protected  by  helmets,  which  must  be 
supplied  as  quickly  as  possible.  It  is, 
therefore,  necessary,  both  for  rescue  and 
investigation  work,  that  stations  should 
be  within  easy  reach  of  each  important 
coalfield  or  division  of  the  field,  so  that 
the  trained  experts  can  reach  and  enter 
the  mine  promptly  following  the  disaster. 
Were  each  mine  in  the  State  equipped 
with  a  complete  rescue  station  and 
manned  with  a  corps  of  trained  rescuers, 
we  would  have  ideal  conditions  for  the 
recovery  of  life  and  preservation  of  prop- 
erty after  a  calamity.  But,  unfortunately, 
these  stations  are  quite  expensive; 
equally  unfortunate,  the  present  selling 
price  of  coal  is  so  low  that  the  small 
margin  of  profit  is  already  a  matter  of 
much  concern,  so.  unless  some  remedy 
for  this  condition  can  be  found,  but  few 
individual  mine  owners,  I  fear,  would 
feel  warranted  in  authorizing  such  an 
expenditure  of  money.  In  order  to  over- 
come this  obstacle  and  still  obtain  the 
benefits  of  modern  mine  rescue  methods, 
the  suggestion  of  joint  rescue  stations, 
it  is  believed,  should  be  of  great  value. 

Joint  Rescue  Stations 
In  general,  by  a  joint  rescue  station  is 
meant  one  specially  designed  and 
equipped  for  a  particular  group  of  mines; 
located  centrally  to  each  of  such  mines 
by  natural  or  special  transportational  fa- 
cilities, and  financed  either  on  a  "per 
ton"  or  a  "share  and  share  alike"  basis 
by  each  mine  benefited.  At  such  a  sta- 
tion, at  stated  intervals,  a  squad  of  men 
from  each  mine  cnuld  report  for  training 
in  rescue  methods  under  the  direction  of 
an  experienced  instructor,  assisted  if 
possible  by  a  physician.     From  such  sta- 


tion the  rescue  paraphernalia  could  be 
qu;:kly  furnished  in  the  event  of  a  ca- 
lamity befalling  any  mine  of  the  group. 
There  are  four  divisions  of  the  subject 
which  may  be  amplified: 

1.  Design   and   equipment    of    a    joint 
rescue  station. 

2.  Character  of  the  training  to  be  given 
at  the  station. 

3.  General  advantages  that  may  be  de- 
rived from  the  stations. 

4.  Plan  for  rescue  stations. 

The  Design  and  Equipment  of  a  Joint 
Rescue  Station 

Breathing  appliances  were  invented 
abroad  and  their  use  established  there 
long  before  we  in  this  country  recognized 
their  value.  But  if  we  study  the  design 
and  equipment  of  these  foreign  stations, 
we  might  be  discouraged  in  an  endeavor 
to  copy  them.  Conditions  abroad  and  in 
this  country  are  entirely  different;  and 
valuable  as  is  a  study  of  foreign  meth- 
ods, we  could  not  afford  the  luxury  of 
such  structures  as  the  Howe  Bridge  Sta- 
tion in  England.  There  are,  however, 
certain  requirements  that  must  be  fol- 
lowed in  design.  The  station  building 
should  contain  a  gas-tight  room,  40  ft. 
long  by  20  ft.  wide  and  10  ft.  high.  The 
interior  of  this  room  should  be  fitted  to 
resemble  a  mine  and  to  afford  opportun- 
ity for  the  practising  miner  to  do  w-ork 
similar  to  that  required  in  the  event  of 
an  actual  disaster.  In  a  number  of  sta- 
tions already  built  in  this  country,  it  has 
been  the  practice  to  divide  this  room 
longitudinally  and  to  construct  an  over- 
cast on  one  side,  the  aim  being  to  pre- 
sent a  passageway  about  the  room,  the 
travel  over  which  would  represent  the 
journey  of  a  rescue  party  through  the  en- 
tries of  a  mine.  This  room  should  be 
furnished  with  mine  props  and  a  frame 
consisting  of  four  pieces  of  6x8-in.  tim- 
bers joined  together  in  the  shape  of  a 
square  and  tied  with  two  iron  rods,  in 
which  props  may  be  set  and  capped  with 
wedges;  also  brattice  cloth,  stretchers, 
and  a  canvas  dummy  filli;d  with  sand  and 
sawdust  so  as  to  weigh  about  165  lb.  In 
order  that  men  may  gain  confidence  in 
working  in  the  presence  of  gas,  sulphur 
candles  may  be  burned  in  this  room  to 
form  a  choke-damp;  charcoal  may  be 
fired  in  open  salamanders  yielding  black- 
damp;  hydrogen  disulphide  may  be  gen- 
erated producing  stink-damp,  nr  ordinary 
dense  smoke  may  be  obtained  by  burning 
dampened  excelsior. 

Adjoining  the  smoke   room   and  sepa- 


July  23,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


177 


rated  froni  ii  by  a  glass  partition,  should 
be  an  observation  room  where  visitors 
may  sit  and  view  the  work  of  the  miners. 
Here,  too,  the  instructor  may  observe  and 
record  the  performance  of  each  member 
of  the  rescue  squad.  In  this  room  there 
should  be  wall  cases  in  which  the  rescue 
apparatus  may  be  hung  and  protected 
from  dust;  there  should  be  work  benches 
to  facilitate  the  cleaning  of  instruments 
and  the  charging  of  electric  safety  lamps; 
and  a  place  to  store  the  cases  in  which 
the  apparatus  is  shipped. 

Back  of  the  smoke  room  there  should 
be  a  lavatory  containing  toilet,  shower- 
baths  and  lockers  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  miners  coming  to  the  station  for 
practice. 

The  equipment  of  the  station  should 
include  oxygen  helmets,  or  other  suit- 
able breathing  appliance  furnishing  a  de- 
pendable supply  of  pure  air,  with  the  aid 
of  which  men  may  safely  enter  any  kind 
of  the  foulest  and  most  poisonous  atmos- 
phere in  order  to  perform  rescue  work. 

Apparatus  and  supplies  for  recharging 
these  machines. 

Portable  electric  safety  lamps  with  a 
convenient  device  for  recharging. 

A  supply  of  some  standard  make  of 
oil-burning  safety  lamps. 

One  or  more  resuscitating  cas- s  for 
use  in  reviving  men  overcome  by  the 
afterdamps  of  mine  fires  or  explosions. 

Special  cases  or  trunks,  of  convenient 
size  for  handling,  in  which  the  above  ap- 
paratus may  be  quickly  packed  and 
safely  transported  to  the  scene  of  an  ac- 
cident. 

The  Character  of  the  Training  Given 
AT  THE  Station 

The  character  of  the  training  given 
should  include  a  general  study  of  the 
conditions  that  obtain  during  and  after  a 
mine  fire  or  explosion,  with  special  de- 
tailed reference  to  concrete  cases.  With 
these  actual  occurrences  in  mind,  plans 
should  be  discussed  for  successfully  solv- 
ing these  problems  according  to  modern 
rescue  practice.  The  principles  on  which 
the  machines  used  at  the  station  are  con- 
structed and  operate  should  be  ex- 
plained; and  a  thorough  first-hand 
knowledge  of  the  manipulation  of  the  va- 
rious apparatus  should  be  acquired  by 
the  practising  miner.  The  actual  training 
of  the  mind  and  body  to  do  work  similar 
to  that  required  in  the  actual  recovery  of 
a  mine  and  in  the  presence  of  deadly 
gases  should  be  given  by  means  of  drills 
in  the  smoke  room.  In  this  way,  men 
become  acquainted  with  the  possibilities 
and  limitations  of  the  machines,  gain 
knowledge  as  to  their  own  prowess  as 
rpscuers,  and  learn  to  work  in  squads  un- 
der the  leadership  of  one  of  their  com- 
rades. For  mental  and  physical  ability 
shown  in  the  work,  a  certificate  of  com- 
petency should  be  awarded.  This  would 
tend  to  keep  up  interest  in  the  work  of 
tii^  station,  and  be  of  especial  value  as  a 
reference  card  when  a  disaster  occurs. 


General  Advantages  That  May  Be  De- 
rived FROM  These  Stations 

The  advantages  that  would  obtain  from 
such  stations  are  in  a  large  measure  ob- 
vious. It  often  happens  in  an  explosion 
that  the  ventilation  machinery  is  thrown 
out  of  commission  or  totally  destroyed. 
Also  it  is  often  necessary  after  a  gas  ex- 
plosion to  stop  the  fan  to  prevent  a  series 
of  subsequent  blasts  and  to  control  a 
mine  fire  by  cutting  off  all  ventilation. 
Previous  rescue  methods  have  afforded 
only  a  choice  between  two  evils;  either 
close  the  mine  with  concrete  stoppings 
and  leave  it  sealed  indefinitely,  or  start 
the  fan,  send  in  the  men  and  trust  to 
luck,  with  the  result  of  the  loss  of  many 
lives  and  much  property. 

With  the  introduction  of  modern  prac- 


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Air- 
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Dressing     Room 


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Smoke 
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Helmet  Cnaca 


Observation 
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2^  En^nttriin/  ^  .Ifininir  J"wntit 

Plan  of  Station  For  Mine  Rescue 
Work 

tice,  however,  rescue  work  assumes  a  de- 
cidedly different  aspect.  With  the  aid 
of  the  breathing  appliances,  trained  men 
may  enter  the  mine  at  once  with  compa- 
rative safety  and  begin  the  task  of  re- 
covery, without  aid  of  air  supply  from 
the  fan.  As  the  work  progresses,  each 
step  may  be  taken  with  a  complete 
knowledge  of  the  situation  gained  from 
the  careful  reconnaissance  of  the  helmet 
men. 

Not  least  among  the  advantages  that 
would  accrue  from  the  employment  of 
rescue  stations,  is  that  in  cases  of  emer- 
gency there  would  be  available  squads  of 
men  trained  for  the  undertaking,  accus- 
tomed to  working  together  and  obedient 
to  the  commands  of  their  leader. 

A  further  advantage  is  that  such  rescue 
stations  may  become  centers  for  the  dis- 
semination of  knowledge  among  the  men. 


In  addition  to  the  usual  studies  and  lec- 
tures, local  institutes  could  hold  their 
meetings  in  the  observation  hall  of  the 
station;  and  talks  and  demonstrations  on 
first-aid  work  could  be  given  by  the  town 
or  company  physician  with  a  view  to 
fomiing  first-aid  corps  similar  to  those 
that  are  meeting  with  such  success  in 
the  anthracite  fields  of  Pennsylvania. 

A  Working  Plan  for  Rescue  Stations 
IN  Illinois 

It  is  clearly  out  of  the  question,  in  view 
of  the  destructive  competition  that  at 
present  exists  in  the  coal  trade  of  this 
locality,  to  legislate  against  the  very  life 
of  the  industry  by  requiring  each  oper- 
ator to  establish  a  rescue  station  or  make 
other  improvements  not  immediately  nec- 
essary. And  yet,  considering  all  that  has 
been  and  is  being  done  by  foreign  and 
domestic  stations,  and  remembering  the 
advantages  that  would  accrue  from  the 
establishment  of  these  stations  along  the 
lines  of  discipline,  education,  etc.,  we  are 
compelled  to  recognize  their  value. 

The  Legislature  of  Illinois  appropriates 
annually  5193,000  for  investigation  in 
agriculture.  The  mining  and  metallurgi- 
cal industry  of  this  State  represents  an 
output  valued  at  approximately  150,000,- 
000,  and  for  the  aid  of  these  industries 
the  State  appropriates  only  about  S25,- 
000.  In  establishing  and  maintaining 
charities  and  schools,  the  State  annually 
spends  enormous  sums;  and  while  rescue 
stations  are  primarily  devoted  to  train- 
ing tending  to  life  saving,  they  are  o"- 
may  be  considered  as  educational  cen- 
ters. Moreover,  the  State  has  appropri- 
ated $2,S00  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers 
of  the  Cherry  disaster,  and  the  legisla- 
ture is  now  considering  bills  calling  for 
an  additional  benefit  appropriation  of 
550,000  to  SI 50,000.  In  view  of  these 
facts,  it  seems  reasonable  to  ask  the 
legislature  for  a  grant  of  funds  sufficient 
to  carry  on  work  which  has  for  its  ob- 
ject the  saving  of  life  and  property,  the 
training  of  its  citizens  to  be  effective 
agents  of  a  vast  enterprise  and  the  re- 
duction of  a  constantly  increasing  num- 
ber of  deaths,  a  special  appropriation  ot 
S30,000  and  in  addition  an  annual  ap- 
propriation of  S30,000,  to  be  expended 
according  to  the  following  plan  of  opera- 
tion. 

The  coalfield  of  Illinois  would  be  ar- 
rangca  into  three  divisions,  and  in  a  cen- 
trally located  city  or  town  in  each  of 
these  districts  a  central  rescue  station 
would  be  established.  For  example,  La- 
Salle,  Springfield  and  Carbondale.  Rach 
of  these  three  cities  is  a  railroad  center, 
enjoying  exceptional  railroad  facilities.  A 
station  could  be  built  for  S5000,  and 
equipped  with  a  complete  line  of  appa- 
ratus for  a  like  sum.  itemized  as  fol- 
lows: 

12  Oxygen  helmets,  or  other  suitable 
breathing  appliances. 

12  portable  electric  safety  lamps. 


178 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


12  oil-burning  safety  lamps. 
6  oxygen  tanks  or  reservoirs. 

1  oxygen  pump. 

2  oxygen  reviving  outfits. 
200  potash  cartridges. 

1  chemical  cabinet  for  gas  analysis. 
15  cases  or  trunks  for  transporting  the 
above  apparatus. 

Furniture,  including  chairs,  tables, 
wall  cases,  etc.,  tools,  supplies,  etc. 

Thus,  the  three  stations  could  be  com- 
pletely installed  for  the  special  appro- 
priation of  $30,000. 

In  charge  of  each  of  these  three  cen- 
tral rescue  stations  there  should  be  ap- 
pointed a  man  whose  experience  in  coal 
mining  has  been  large  and  varied — some- 
one who  can  maintain  the  interest  of  the 
miners  who  visit  the  station,  care  for  the 
apparatus,  and  keep  the  records.  Over 
the  entire  rescue  work,  with  power  to 
purchase  supplies,  direct  the  course  of 
training,  and  assume  the  entire  charge  in 
case  of  a  mine  disaster,  there  should  be 
a  man  who  is  a  mini-g  engineer  by  pro- 
fession, one  who  has  had  experience  in 
all  phases  of  coal  mining,  including  mine 
rescue  work,  and  one  upon  whom  may  be 
thrown  with  confidence  the  welfare  of 
the  whole  proposition.  It  is  proposed  that 
such  officer  cooperate  with  the  inspector 
in  whose  district  a  disaster  may  occur. 
It  is  also  suggested  that  he  report  to  a 
board  of  five  persons  to  be  appointed  by 
the  Governor,  to  consist  of  one  inspector, 
one  operator,  one  miner,  the  head  of  the 
Department  of  Mining  Engineering  at  the 
University  of  Illinois,  and  one  member 
of  the  Federal  Inspection  Force. 

Each  operator  of  the  State  should  be 
asked  to  send  a  small  number,  say  4  per 
cent.,  of  his  employees  to  the  nearest  of 
the  central  rescue  stations  at  least  twice 
a  year  for  training  in  rescue  work.  These 
men  should  spend  at  least  three  days  r.t 
the  station  on  each  visit.  In  return  for 
this  action  of  the  operator  in  bearing 
such  expense  for  the  safety  of  the  lives 
of  his  miners,  the  men  so  trained  should 
agree,  in  cases  of  emergency,  to  assist  in 
the  work  of  mine  rescue,  with  the  un- 
derstanding that  they  are  to  receive  only 
the  "inside  wage  scale"  for  time  de- 
voted. 

Local  Stations  Also  Essential 

These  three  central  stations  could  be 
made  of  great  value  to  both  miners  and 
operators.  But  one  further  step  is  nec- 
essary to  complete  the  plan  and  insure 
its  entire  success,  because,  even  with  the 
three  stations  thus  located,  there  would 
be  an  appreciable  lapse  of  time  before 
the  apparatus  could  be  delivered  to  a 
mine  in  case  of  trouble.  So  to  overcome 
this  delay,  the  suggestion  is  made  that  all 
operators  combine  in  what  may  be  called 
local  or  private  stations,  consisting  mere- 
ly of  five  helmets  and  five  electric  safety 
lamps,  charged  and  packed  in  cases, 
ready  for  transportation,  in  some  town  or 
a  mine   where  there  is  always  someone 


present  who  can  deliver  the  helmets  as 
needed.  This  local  station  might  be  in  a 
fire  department  house  of  the  town.  These 
private  stations  would  serve  all  mines 
within  a  radius  of  15  miles.  As  the  sta- 
tion equipment  would  consist  of  the  five 
helmets  and  lamps,  without  any  of  ,the 
costly  apparatus  for  recharging  them,  the 
expense,  when  divided  among  all  mines 
within  the  15-mile-radius  circle,  wou'd 
be  very  small.  It  would  be  the  duty  of 
the  central  rescue  station  people  to  in- 
spect and  charge  these  helmets  periodi- 
cally and  see  to  it  that  they  are  in  work- 
ing condition  for  an  emergency.  This 
might  be  accomplished  by  having  the 
local  helmets  brought  to  the  central  sta- 
tion by  the  miners  when  they  visit  it  for 
training.  The  object  of  the  local  stations 
is  that  the  men  at  the  mine  may,  in  case 
of  fire  or  explosion,  have  means  at  hand 
for  preliminary  work,  or  immediate  res- 
cue that  may  be  necessary  during  the  pe- 
riod while  the  men  and  equipment  of  the 
nearest  central  rescue  station  are  jour- 
neying to  the  mine. 

In  concluding  this  paper  1  can  assure 
you  that  I  am  urging  the  adoption  of  cer- 
tain engineering  principles  that  have  been 
of  inestimable  advantage  wherever  used 
legitimately,  and  which  have  as  their  ob- 
ject the  conservation  of  life  and  property. 


Dangers  of  Coal  Dust 

Special  Correspondence 

The  fifty-second  general  meeting  of  the 
Institution  of  Mining  Engineers  just  held 
at  Burlington  House,  London,  Eng.,  was 
largely  devoted  to  the  question  of  coal 
dust.  A  paper  on  experiments  illustra- 
tive of  the  inflammability  of  mixtures 
of  coal  dust  and  air,  read  by  Prof.  P. 
Phillips  Bedson,  was  followed  by  a  con- 
tribution from  H.  W.  G.  Haulbaum  on 
memoranda  concerning  coal  dust  and  the 
essential  principles  of  the  coal-dust  the- 
ory. There  were,  he  said,  two  methods 
of  expounding  the  coal-dust  theory — the 
scholarly  or  technical  way,  and  the  popu- 
lar way.  The  theory  had  often  been  pre- 
sented in  the  scholarly  way,  but  in  his 
opinion  no  man  had  ever  expounded  the 
theory  in  such  a  manner  that  the  or- 
dinary person  might  profit  by  the  ex- 
position. Yet  nine-tenths  of  the  efficiency 
of  the  theory  depended  upon  the  recog- 
nition granted  to  it  by  the  rank  and  file. 
It  was  all-important  that  the  lessons  of 
the  theory  should  take  hold  of  these  men 
and  exert  its  due  influence. 

The  great  fundamental  principle  of  the 
coal-dust  theory  might  be  stated  thus: 
"If  any  quantity  of  free  (or  approxi- 
mately free)  carbon  be  intimately  mixed 
with  free  (or  approximately  free)  oxy- 
gen, the  mixture  is  inflammable."  In  this 
statement  the  phrase  "intimately  mixed" 
should  really  be  printed  in  the  most  con- 
spicuous capital   letters,   for  therein   lay 


the  whole  philosophy — root  and  branch — 
of  coal-dust  explosions.  The  man  who 
read,  marked,  learned,  and  inwardly  di- 
gested the  above  statement  really  mas- 
tered the  entire  modern  theory  of  coal- 
dust  explosions. 

Simple  E.xample  Cited 

Suppose  they  took  two  pieces  of  lump 
sugar  of  equal  size  and  threw  one  piece 
into  the  fire.  It  burned  slowly  and  slug- 
gishly. If  they  ground  the  other  piece 
into  the  smallest  dust  and  scattered  the 
sugar  dust  thus  obtained  upon  the  fire 
they  obtained  a  miniature  explosion. 
Why?  Because  the  sugar  dust  was  more 
intimately  mixed  with  air,  and  therefore, 
with  oxygen.  A  single  lump  of  coal,  say, 
10  lb.  in  weight,  was  not  explosive,  and 
if  thrown  on  the  fire  it  burned  slowly 
away.  But  10  lb.  of  coal  dust  finely 
divided  and  raised  by  some  shock  as  a 
cloud  in  the  air,  was  explosive,  because 
(1)  being  finely  divided,  and  (2)  being 
raised  in  a  cloud  in  the  air,  it  became 
intimately  mixed  with  the  air,  and  hence 
was  nothing  more  nor  less  than  an  inti- 
mate mixture  of  carbon  and  hydrocarbon 
with  oxygen. 

The  lesson  was  clear.  If  they  wanted 
the  highest  explosive  effects  in  dyna- 
mites and  gunpowders,  they  must  mix 
the  ingredients  intimately.  But,  if,  on  the 
other  hand,  they  wanted  to  prevent  coal- 
dust  explosions,  they  must  guard  against 
the  possibility  of  the  coal  dust  becoming 
intimately  mixed  with  the  air  of  the  mine. 
The  remedy  for  coal  dust  was  obvious. 
Either  remove  the  dust,  cake  it,  or  use 
a  counter-absorbent  of  heat.  Watering 
would  cake  it,  and  the  water  would  also 
absorb  part  of  the  heat.  Calcium  chloride 
would  absorb  much  heat,  leaving  so  much 
less  to  be  absorbed  by  the  coal  dust.  The 
coal  dust  in  an  airway  measuring  5  ft. 
by  10  ft.  was  most  dangerous  when  it 
was  scattered  on  the  surfaces  of  the  air- 
way to  an  average  depth  of  only  three- 
hundredth  part  of  an  inch. 

Small  Quantities  Dangerous 
It  therefore  followed  that  large  quan- 
tities of  coal  dust  were  possibly  less  dan- 
gerous ''"in  small  quantities.  It  was 
consequently  clear  that  the  danger  of 
coal  dust  could  not  be  much  lessened  bv 
the  removal  of  it,  unless  the  removal  be 
absolute,  which  was  impossible.  The 
remedies  for  the  coal-dust  danger  might 
be  suggested  by  the  character  of  the 
danger.  Any  shock  that  might  raise  the 
dust  as  a  cloud  in  the  air  should  be  con- 
tinuously guarded  against.  The  ability 
of  the  dust  to  rise  in  the  air  should  be 
minimized  by  laying  it  and  caking  it  by 
watering. 

Any  sudden  accession  of  heat  should 
be  guarded  against  (a)  by  the  prevention 
of  blown-out  shots,  (b)  by  the  thor- 
ough installation  of  electric  currents,  (c) 
by  strict  regulation  concerning  the  use 
and  care   of  detonators  and    (d)    by  the 


July  23.  lillO. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


179 


maintenance  of  perfect  discipline  in  the 
mine.  Any  sudden  accession  of  heat 
should  not  only  be  guarded  against,  but 
should  be  provided  for  if  it  occurred.  The 
only  way  in  which  this  could  be  done 
was  by  providing  an  efficient  counter- 
absorbent  which  could  be  brought  about 
only  by  the  earnest  and  general  coopera- 
tion of  the  rank  and  tile  of  the  workmen 
with  the  manager  and  official  staff  of  the 
mine. 

In  the  course  of  a  discussion  on  the 
explosive  nature  of  coal  dust,  J.  B.  At- 
kinson  (inspector  of  mines,  Northumber- 

I  land)  said  that  it  was  unfortunately  true 
that  many  roadways  in  modern  mines 
contained  the  elements  of  violent  explo- 
sions. There  was  no  question  in  his  mind 
that  an  excess  of  coal  dust  did  not  arrest 
an  explosion  once  it  had  been  estab- 
lished. 

Professor  Louis    (Newcastle)    thought 

J  it  would  be  dangerous  to  put  forward  the 
view  that  an  excess  of  coal  dust  could 
prevent  any  explosion  or  bar  the  propa- 
gation  or   initiation    of   one. 


Activity    in    Utah    Coalfiields 

There  is  much  activity  in  the  coalfields 
near  Price,  in  Carbon  county,  Utah.    The 
Consolidated    Fuel  Company  mines  atHia- 
watha.  20  miles  southwest  of  Price,  are 
producing  800  to  900  tons  of  coal  a  day, 
and  this  output  will  be  increased  to  2000 
tons  in   the   near   future.     The   company 
sends  its  coal  down   a  gravity  tram   two 
miles  long,  of   10  per  cent,  grade  to  the 
tipple  on  the  Southern  Utah  railway,  built 
by    this    company,    which    connects    with 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  at  Price.    Two 
seams  of  coal    17  and  6   ft.   in  thickness 
are  on  the  property,  but  at  present  only 
the    17-ft.    seam    is    being    worked.      Be- 
tween   150  and   200  men   are   employed. 
The  Castle  Valley  Coal   Company  prop- 
-rty  is  six  miles  south  of  the   Hiawatha 
'nines   and    is   actively   developing   a   36- 
ft.  seam,     Shipments  will  be  started  dur- 
ing .luly.     The    Independent   Coal    Com- 
pany mines  are  five  or  six  miles  north  of 
-c  and  are  connected  by  a  spur  to  the 
nver  &  Rio  Grande.     This  company  is 
lipping   1500  tons  a  day.     These  com- 
anies  are  controlled   by  Salt  Lake  cap- 
lal.     Other  properties  are  being  devel- 
'Pi-'d.    In  addition  to  what  is  used  in  this 
■tate,  the  coal  is  shipped  to  Idaho,  Neva- 
ind  Califorrlia.     Within  the   past  two 
irs  the  Government  has  increased  the 
irice  of  coal  lands  in  this  section.     Lands 
>hich  were  formerly  valued  at  from  SIC 
-^.'iO  an  acre  have  increased  in  price  to 
'ween  S200  and  .'=;300  an  acre,  according 
the  location  and   the  amount  of  coal 
stimated.    These  prices  are  for  the  best 
oal  land. 


The  Pittsburg  Coal  Agreeir.cnt 

The  following  is  a  condensed  statement 
of  the  agreement  between  miners  and 
operators  in  the  Pittsburg  district,  which 
is  to  run  until  April    1,   1912: 

1.  Wages  of  inside  skilled  wiremen 
in  charge  of  work  done,  $2.70  per  day. 
Wiremen  helpers  .S2.49  per  day. 

2.  Prize  for  all  slate  over  12  in.  thick 
to  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  5c.  per  in. 
per  lineal  yard. 

3.  .Miners  will  not  be  charged  for  the 
use  of  safety  lamps. 

4.  Yardage  price  for  place  of  four 
runs  with  42-in.  cutter  head  machine  to 
be  placed  on  the  scale  at  three-quarters 
entry  price.  This  not  to  apply  to  room 
turning. 

5.  Wages  for  inside  motormen  .S2.80 
per  day.  Wages  for  inside  motormen 
helpers,  whatever  they  may  be  called, 
S2.70  per  day. 

6.  House  coal  to  be  furnished  at  the 
same  price  as  under  the  contract  which 
expired  March  31,  1910. 

7.  House  rent  to  be  the  same  as  under 
contract   which   expired   March   31,    1910. 

8.  Operators  will  make  collection  for 
the  miners  of  dues  of  50c.  per  month  with 
an  addition  to  this  per  cent,  on  the 
gross  earnings,  which  shall  be  collected 
when  the  miners  so  request.  Special 
assessment  for  the  national  body  to  be 
deducted  as  requested  by  the  miners.  This 
to  apply  to  employees  inside  of  the  mines 
only. 

9.  Notice  of  such  collections  to  be 
given  at  the  mine  office  on  the  1st  and 
Itith  day  of  each  month  for  the  succeed- 
ing pay. 

10.  Initiation  fee  to  be  taken  off,  but 
not  to  exceed  SI  per  month  in  any  one  pay. 

1 1.  All  other  conditions  to  continue  as 
under  the  agreement  which  expired  March 
31,  1910. 

12.  All  outside  day  inen's  wages  shall 
be  advanced  5.55  per  cent. 

13.  Angle  for  clay  vein  shall  be  paid 
in  proportion  to  the  thickness,  present 
price  to  apply  to  1  ft.  or  less. 


The  coal  output  in  Tasmania  during  the 
rst  quarter  of  1910  amounted  to  26,122 
"ins,    as    reported    by    the    secretary    for 

ines. 


Connellsville    Coke 

The  production  of  coke  in  the  Con- 
nellsville and  Lower  Connellsville  regions 
in  Pennsylvania,  as  reported  weekly  by 
the  Connellsville  Courier,  reached  a  to- 
tal of  11,290,099  short  tons  for  the  six 
months  ended  July  2.  The  shipments 
out  of  the  region  for  the  same  period 
were  338,382  cars.  The  weekly  average, 
therefore,  was  434,435  tons  made  and 
13,015  cars  shipp2d.  The  make  started 
at  a  high  point  in  January,  and  reached 
its  maximum  in  the  week  ended  Jan.  29, 
when  474,496  tons  were  reported.  Up  to 
the  middle  of  March  the  rate  was  pretty 
well  maintained,  but  from  that  time  It  fell 
off  gradually,  reaching  its  lowest  point  at 
372,803  tons  for  the  last  week  in   April. 


From  that  date  there  was  a  gradual  re- 
covery, and  the  last  week  in  July  re- 
ported 400,226  tons.  The  heaviest  week- 
ly shipments  were  15,043  cars  in  the 
third  week  of  January;  the  smallest  10,- 
677  cars  in  the  third  week  of  June. 

The  weekly  averages  for  each  month 
of  the  half-year  were  as  follows: 

Production.   Shipments. 
Tons.  Cars. 

.lanuar.v     4i;4.1!(i.'i  1 4.."ili2 

IVbniiuy     4i;<!.:!(>l  14.:t!t0 

Maicli     4(;(l..s.-i7  13,9.t2 

April     42ii.!i.-i!)  ll.',744 

.Mav     :{;(.-,.i'i).-,  11.201 

.Inue     3fPfi.70,S  ll.:t52 

Halt  year 434,233  13,015 

The  weekly  average  for  June  was  34,- 
527  tons  and  2663  cars  below  the  aver- 
ages for  the  half-year;  64,585  tons  and 
3210  cars  below  the  average  for  January. 
The  lower  rates  measure  pretty  closely 
the  decreased  activity  at  blast  furnaces 
and  foundries. 


Additional  Coal  Land  Withdrawn 


Continuing  his  policy  of  practical  con- 
servation. President  Taft  on  July  7.  1910, 
signed  orders  withdrawing  35,073,164 
acres  of  coal  land  from  the  public  domain 
in  North  and  South  Dakota,  Washington, 
Utah,  Colorado  and   Arizona. 

By  this  action  vast  areas  of  fuel  of 
almost  incalculable  value  are  being  pre- 
served from  spoliation  and  exploitation 
by  speculators.  Of  the  total  withdrawal 
20,698,469  acres  are  new,  while  14,374,- 
695  acres  are  confirmations  and  ratifica- 
tions under  the  new  law,  approved  June 
25,  of  withdrawals  made  in  the  last  four 
years  by  Presidents  Roosevelt  and  Taft. 

From  the  public  domain  in  North 
Dakota  the  President  has  withdrawn  from 
settlement  17,828.182  acres  of  land,  be- 
lieved to  contain  workable  coal.  In  South 
Dakota  the  amount  withdrawn  is  2,870,- 
287  acres.  Previous  withdrawals,  con- 
firmed by  the  President  are  divided  among 
the  several  States  as  follows:  Washing- 
ton, 2,207,967  acres;  Arizona,  161.280 
acres;  Utah,  5,814,287,  and  Colorado, 
6,191,161  acres. 

In  Colorado  the  various  orders  of  with- 
drawal date  from  July  26.  1906  to  June 
21,  1910;  in  Utah  from  July  26.  1906  to 
May  9,  1910;  in  Arizona  from  Nov.  29, 
1909  to  Dec.  28,  1909  and  in  Washing- 
ton from  July  26,  1906  to  April  7,  1909. 

On  July  14,  1910,  President  Taft  with- 
drew additional  acres  of  coal  land  in  dif- 
ferent States,  bringing  the  total  of  such 
withdrawals  made  by  him  up  to  71,518,- 
588  acres.  About  half  of  this  are  new 
withdrawals.  The  w  ork  is  now  nearly 
complete. 

The  secretary's  letter  says:  The  orders 
for  the  withdrawal  of  coal  lands  which  are 
transmitted  herewith  will  complete  the 
series  which  have  been  prepared  in  ac- 
cordance with  your  instructions.  These 
orders  confirm  and  continue  all  existing 
coal  land  withdrawals  and  add  materially 
thereto.     The  areas  covered  by  the  latest 


180 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


order  are  as  follows:  Arizona,  161.280 
acres;  Colorado,  6,191.161;  Montana, 
20,208,855;  New  Mexico,  2,944.279; 
North  Dakota,  17,828,182;  Oregon,  192,- 
562;  South  Dakota,  2,870,287;  Utah,  5,- 
814,287;  Washington,  2,207,967.  and  Wy- 
oming, 13,099,718  acres. 


The  Peters  Coke  Oven  Door 

The  Peters  coke  oven  door  is  for  use 
on  a  beehive  or  a  longitudinal  oven.  Fig. 
1  shows  the  door  closed.  Fig.  2  is  a  view 
of  the  door  when  open. 

The  door  is  swung  on  a  shaft  A,  Fig. 
1,  which  is  supported  at  the  bottom  by 
a  concrete  pier  B  and  held  in  place  at 
the  top  by  a  cast-iron  anchor  C.  There 
are  two  main  hinges  in  this  door  D-1  and 
D-2.  These  hinges  support  two  link 
hinges  £-1  and  E-2,  which  in  turn  sup- 
port the  cast-iron  clamps  F-\  and  F-2 
that  hold  the  door  brick  G  and  H.  These 
brick  are  a  special  firebrick  and  are  6 
in.  thick  inside  of  the  clamp  and  4  in. 
thick  outside  of  the  clamp,  a  2-in.  shoul- 
der being  made  for  the  clamp  to  fit 
around.     To  prevent  the  brick  from   fall- 


The  main  features  claimed  for  this 
door  by  the  inventor  are: 

1.  An  imperforate  door — There  being 
no  metal  exposed  to  the  heat  of  the  oven, 
but  practically  all  metal  is  exposed  to  the 
open   air. 

2.  No  continual  strain  on  the  hinges 
— When  the  door  is  closed  the  brick  in 
the  lower  door  rest  on  the  hearth  of  the 
oven,  carrying  their  own  weight  and  the 
'rick  in  the  upper  door  rest  on  the  brick 
of  the  lower  door,  thereby  relieving  the 
main  hinges  of  all  strain  entirely. 

3.  No  strain  on  the  oven  — All  the 
weight  of  the  door,  when  being  operated, 
is  on  the  pier. 

4.  Durability — This  door,  owing  to  its 
rigidness  of  construction,  and  simple  op- 
eration, will   last    for   years. 

5.  A  great  saving — From  an  econom- 
ical standpoint,  this  door  will  save  its 
cost  in  one  year's  time.  (a).  It  does 
away  with  two-thirds  of  the  labor  re- 
quired to  build  up  the  doors  by  hand; 
(b|  it  does  away  with  the  waste  of  brick 
and  loam,  required  to  build  up  the  doors 
by  hand;  (c)  owing  to  the  quickness  of 
operation,  the  door  can  be  closed  imme- 


autumn.  This  test  will  be  intended  to 
show  the  comparative  value  of  the  north- 
western coal  as  fuel  and  should  it  prove 
satisfactory,  it  may  result  in  a  change 
of  policy  leading  to  the  abandonment  of 
the  recent  plan  of  shipping  to  the  coast 
the  Pocahontas  and  other  coals  hereto- 
fore in  vogue.  The  action  of  Congress 
in  setting  aside  10,000  acres  of  Alaskan 
coal  land  for  the  use  of  the  navy  was 
taken  in  pursuance  of  recommendations 
based  upon  the  desire  of  the  department 
to  supply  itself  more  largely  with  Paci- 
fic-coast   fuel    for    the    future. 


liJlllCOLLlERY  NOTES 


The  most  important  action  taken  by  th- 
Pennsylvania  Bar  Association  at  its  re- 
cent annual  meeting  was  the  adoption 
of  a  resolution  calling  upon  the  next 
legislature  to  authorize  the  appointment 
of  a  commission  to  inquire  into  the  laws 
governing  the  liability  of  employers  for 
industrial  accidents.  The  present  laws 
were  described  as  a  disgrace  to  an  en- 
lightened people.    It  is  proposed  that  the 


Fig.  1.   Showing  Coke-oven  Door  Closed 


Fig.  2.   View  of  Door  When  Open 


ing  out  of  the  clamp,  should  they  become 
loose,  the  brick  are  beveled  on  the  shoul- 
der toward  the  center  and  the  clamps  are 
beveled  to  correspond. 

For  operating  the  door  there  are  two 
cams  /  and  /,  which  turn  on  two  rollers 
each  K  and  L.  These  rollers  are  sup- 
ported on  steel  pins  M  and  N,  which  pass 
through  the  shaft  A. 

To  operate  the  t  lor  you  insert  an 
iron  bar  in  the  cam  /  at  O  and  push  the 


diately  after  the  coke  has  been  drawn, 
thus  retaining  the  heat  in  the  oven  and  al- 
lowing much  larger  charges  of  coal  to 
be  burnt;  (dl  owing  to  the  door  being 
perfectly  tight,  there  is  no  leakage  of  air 
into  the  oven,  and  consequently  there  is 
no  coke  lost  at  the  fronts  of  the  ovens. 
These  doors  have  been  tested  at  the 
plant  of  the  Fort  "alm^  Coal  and  Coke 
Company,  near  Ligonier,  Penn.,  and  are 
said   to  have  given   satisfaction. 


bar  to   the   left,   by   so   doing   the   cam   / 

turns  on   the   rollers  K  and   raises   the     Na^y  to  Test  Pacific    Coast    Fuel 

upper  part  of  the   door.     When   the   up-  

per  part  of  the  door  has  been  raised  off  Washington    Correspondence 

the    lower  part,   it   is   caught   at   the    link  

hinge  £-1  and  swung  open  as  shown  in 
Fig.  2.  The  lower  part  of  the  door  is 
operated  in  the  same  way  as  the  upper 
part.  To  close  the  doors  you  reverse  the 
directions  as  given  above,  closing  the  low- 
er  door   first. 


The  Navy  Department  has  determined 
upon  an  experiment  to  test  the  steam- 
ing power  of  representative  Pacific-coast 
coals  and  will  direct  the  making  of  the 
tests  on  board  of  one  of  the  larger 
cruisers   on   the   Pacific   coast   early   next 


commission,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor, shall  carefully  investigate  condi- 
tions surrounding  industrial  accidents 
and  report  to  the  legislature  proposed 
laws  to  remedy  the  injustices  whicf 
exist. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  in  west- 
ern Pennsylvania  to  organize  foreign  coa  . 
miners  into  classes  and  teach  them  Eng-, 
lish.     A  member  of  the  bituminous  com 
mittee  that  has  this  work  in  charge  sayv 
that  from  -SOO  to  1000  non-English  speak 
ing   men   will   enroll   at   once.     The  sys 
tem  taught  will  be  that  of  Doctor  Roberts 
by  which  it  is  said  that  50  or  more  Eng 
lish  speaking  words  can  be  learned  by  ; 
foreigner  in  one  lesson.  The  manner  em 
ployed  is  to  act  as  the  sentences  relate 
There    is   no   doubt   but  that   many   acci 
dents  in  coal  mines  are  due  to  a  lack  O: 
understanding   on   the    part    of    foreigt 
miners. 


July  23,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


181 


i      PERS  O  NAL      i 

I     'I  )  I — 


Miuinj;  and  metallurgical  engiueers  are  iu 
vlieil  tci  keep  The  Kxuineerixu  and  Mi.ninu 
JiiLKNAi.  Inioinied  of  their  iDOvements  and 
appulntiuents. 


H.  W.  Hardinge  sailed  from  New  York 
July  16,  on  a  professional  trip  to  Sweden. 

W.  Weston,  of  Denver,  has  been  visit- 
ing the  Hahn's  Park  district,  in  Colorado. 

T.  M.  Roberts  has  removed  to  Davis, 
Okla.,  where  he  is  interested  in  zinc 
mines. 

A.  A.  Hassan  left  Cobalt,  Ont.,  July  9, 
for  the  Porcupine  goldtield,  where  he  ex- 
pects to  remain  about  a  month. 

Ludwig  Rose,  representing  the  German 
government,  is  in  Cobalt,  Ont.,  studying 
the  methods  of  mining  and  concentration. 

H.  K.  Slater,  government  geologist  of 
Mysore,  India,  is  in  Cobalt,  Ont.,  making 
an  examination  of  the  different  geological 
formations. 

H.  M.  Loonier,  of  Pawhuska,  Okla., 
I  has  been  visiting  the  Caledonia  silver 
mine  in  the  Escnndido  mountains  in  Chi- 
huahua, Mexico. 

Henry  Leighton,  of  the  New  York  State 
Museum,  has  been  appointed  instructor 
in  mining  geology  at  the  School  of  Mines, 
University   of    Pittsburg. 

J.  V.  N.  Dorr,  of  Denver,  is  spending 
the  summer  in  the  East,  with  his  family. 
His  temporary  address  is  "Care  S.  H. 
Dorr,  85  Front  street.  New  York." 

Alexander  Outiakoff,  a  Russian  mining 
engineer,  who  has  been  for  some  time  in 
this  country,  sailed  from  New  York,  July 
13,  on  his  return  to  Ekaterinburg,  Russia. 

Ezequiel  Ordonez,  mining  geologist,  of 
Mexico  City,  is  visiting  the  United  States. 
He  expects  to  be  in  New  York  about 
July  25.  and  will  stay  at  the  Hotel  Belvi- 
derc. 

Frank  and  George  Stall,  owners  of  the 
Stall  lease  on  the  National  Mining  Com- 
pany's property  near  Winnemucca,  Nev., 
were  both  badly  injured  July  8  by  a  blast 
in  the   mine. 

Professor  A.  E.  Scamon,  of  the  Mich- 
igan College  of  Mines,  Houghton,  Mich., 
has  completed  a  geological  study  of 
Santa  Eulalia.  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  for 
the  San  Toy  Mining  Company. 

H.  C.  George,  director  of  the  Wisconsin 
State  Mining  Trade  School  at  Platteville, 
is  spending  the  month  of  July  in  the 
copper  and  iron  districts  of  Michigan 
and  the  Mesabi  and  Vermilion  iron  ranges 
of  Minnesota. 

Peter  Christianson,  until  recently  one 
of  the  district  mine  superintendents  of 
the  Dominion  Coal  Company,  has  been 
appointed  general  superintendent  of  the 
Pacific  Pass  Coalfields  Company,  in 
northwestern   Alberta. 

T.  Lane  Carter,  of  Osgood,  Carter  & 
Co.,  has  returned  to  Chicago  from  exam- 


ination work  in  the  West,  but  will  leave 
immediately  for  California,  where  he 
will  spend  several  weeks  on  mining  and 
metallurgical  work. 

Frederick  Burbridge  has  resigned  as 
assistant  general  manager  of  the  Federal 
Mining  and  Smelting  Company,  to  take 
effect  Sept.  1.  He  has  held  the  position 
for  two  years  and  was  previously  for  a 
number  of  years  in  the  CcEur  d'Alene 
region. 

Gustavus  R.  Waeber,  formerly  chief 
chemist  for  the  St.  Lawrence  Pyrites 
Company,  De  Kalb  Junction,  N.  Y.,  and 
more  recently  connected  with  the  New 
York  State  Steel  Company,  at  Biwabik, 
Minn.,  has  established  an  office  as  analyt- 
ical chemist  at  Iron  River,  Michigan. 

Robert  H.  Richards  has  just  completed 
a  trip  into  Michigan,  Minnesota  and  On- 
tario, where  he  took  his  students  in  min- 
ing on  a  summer-school  trip.  He  is  now 
on  his  way  West,  where  he  will  visit  the 
Boston  i\  .Montana  Copper  Company,  at 
Great  Falls,  Mont.,  and  will  also  go  to 
Denver,  Colorado. 

M.  H.  Godfrey  has  been  appointed  gen- 
eral superintendent  of  the  Canisteo  dis- 
trict of  the  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Company 
in  Minnesota,  in  place  of  John  C.  Green- 
way,  who  has  gone  to  the  Calumet  & 
.■\rizona  mines.  A.  J.  Sullivan  succeeds 
Mr.  Godfrey  as  general  superintendent  of 
the   Chisholm  district. 

R.  B.  Lamb,  of  New  York,  has  con- 
cluded examinations  at  Argenta  and  York, 
Mont.,  and  of  the  Ohio  Keating  mine  at 
Radersburg,  Mont.,  for  the  Radershurg 
Consolidated  .Mining  Company.  Mr. 
Lamb  is  now  at  Eldorado,  Gal.,  making 
an  examination  of  the  Manhattan-Cali- 
fornia Gold  Mining  Company's  property 
for  the  Radersburg  Consolidated.  He 
will  return  to  New  York  the  end  of  July. 


+     OB  ITUA  R  Y     + 


Wright  S.  Prior  died  at  Denver,  Colo., 
July  5.  He  went  to  Colorado  from  Wor- 
cester, Mass.,  some  years  ago  and  en- 
gaged in  mining  with  much  success.  For 
four  years  past  he  had  been  president  of 
the  Conqueror  Mining  Company,  at  Em- 
pire, Colorado. 

John  H.  Bartlett  died  at  New  Market, 
Tenn.,  July  13,  aged  63  years.  He  had 
an  extensive  experience  in  the  West  and 
was  well  known  at  Leadville,  Colo.,  in 
the  earlier  days  of  that  cainp.  Some 
years  ago  he  removed  to  Tennessee  and 
devoted  himself  to  the  development  of 
the  zinc  resources  of  the  Eastern  part 
of  that  State.  He  was  for  some  time 
manager  of  the  Tennessee  Mineral  Com- 
pany, a  New  York  concern.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  New  Market 
Zinc  Company.  He  made  many  friends 
by  his  inexhaustible  fund  of  cheerfulness 
and  optimism,  which  was  manifested  to 
the  end. 


Myron  C.  Wick,  long  prominent  in  iron 
and  steel  manufacture  in  the  Mahoning 
Valley,  died  at  Youngstown,  Ohio,  July 
11,  aged  62  years.  He  was  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  president  of  Cartwright, 
McCurdy  &  Co.,  whose  Enterprise  Iron 
Works  at  Youngstown  was  built  in  1863 
and  added  to  in  1874.  He  became  presi- 
dent of  the  Union  Iron  and  Steel  Com- 
pany, formed  in  the  early  nineties,  by  the 
combination  of  Cartwright,  McCurdy  & 
Co.  and  the  Youngstown  Iron  and  Steel 
Company.  Mr.  Wick  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Ohio  Steel  Company 
in  1893  and  was  treasurer  of  that  com- 
pany for  a  time.  When  the  Union  Iron 
and  Steel  Company  was  acquired  in  1899 
by  the  Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Company, 
Mr.  Wick  became  a  director  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
consolidation,  but  retired  from  official 
connection  with  it  in  the  following  year. 
He  had  been  for  some  years  a  director  of 
the  Ohio  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  op- 
erating Mary  furnace  at  Lowellville, 
Ohio.  He  was  also  actively  interested  in 
many  other  industrial  enterprises,  as 
well  as  financial  institutions.  He  leaves 
■T   widow,  two  daughters  and  three  sons. 

John  Williams  died  at  Hailcy,  Idaho, 
July  7.  aged  about  70  years.  Mr.  Wil- 
liams at  different  times  had  occupied  re- 
sponsible positions  and  was  well  known 
to  inany  mining  men.  He  was  born  in 
England  and  graduated  from  the  Royal 
School  of  Mines  in  London.  For  some 
years  before  coming  to  the  United  States 
he  held  active  positions  as  engineer  and 
manager  at  some  tin  mines  in  Cornwall 
and  later  was  consulting  engineer  for 
some  of  the  smelting  works  at  Swansea 
in  Wales,  then  the  most  important  works 
of  the  kind  in  the  world.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  about  25  years  ago.  In  1889 
and  for  part  of  1890  he  was  .assistant 
editor  of  The  Engineering  and  Mining 
Journal,  and  later  at  different  times  he 
was  a  frequent  contributor  to  its  pages. 
He  left  the  Journal  to  accept  a  position 
as  consulting  engineer  for  the  Consoli- 
dated Kansas  City  Smelting  and  Refinins 
Company,  and  some  time  afterward  was 
made  manager  of  the  Arkansas  Valley 
Smelting  Company  at  Leadville,  Colo.,  a 
subsidiary  of  the  Consolidated.  After 
leaving  that  position  he  practised  several 
years  as  a  consulting  engineer  in  Mexico 
and  then  in  New  York  and  finally  became 
connected  with  the  Ladd  Metals  Com- 
pany, of  Portland,  Oregon.  He  was  with 
this  company  in  Portland  for  some  years. 
In  1904  the  Ladd  Company  purchased 
the  War  Dance  mine  near  Hailey  and  Mr- 
Williams  was  sent  there  to  take  charge  of 
it.  Some  time  ago  the  Ladd  interest 
withdrew  from  the  company  but  Mr.  Wil- 
liams continued  at  Hailey,  occupying 
himself  with  consulting  work  and  pro- 
motion. He  died  rather  suddenly  and 
alone;  his  wife  being  absent  in  Portland 
at  the  tim.".  Mr.  Williams  was  twice 
married  but  leaves  no  children. 


'82 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23.  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 

Important     EventvS      From      Many.    Important 

-^      Mining     Centers    of     the  'World        -^ 


July  16 — The  price  of  fuel  oil  at  points 
about  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  has  been 
reduced  from  SI  per  bbl.  to  90c.  This 
price  is,  however,  believed  to  be  only 
temporary  and  largely  due  to  the  tremen- 
dous output  of  the  Maricopa-Midway  field 
(2,034,157  bbl.  in  May)  so  that  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  pipe  lines  has  been  greatly 
e.xceeded.  The  remedy  is  the  construction 
of  more  pipe  lines  and  storage  reser- 
voirs. The  pipe  line  of  the  Associated 
Oil  Company  from  Maricopa  to  Coalinga 
and  the  second  pipe  line  of  the  Standard 
from  Midway  to  Bakersfield  will  be  in 
operation  soon,  possibly  by  September. 
The  Producers  Transportation  Company 
have  let  contracts  for  two  concrete  stor- 
age reservoirs  to  be  built  at  a  point  four 
miles  west  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  with  a 
combined  capacity  of  over  2.000,000  bbl. 
and  have  leased  the  tanks  of  the  Refine'-s 
and  Producers  Company  at  Oilport,  with 
a  capacity  of  200,000  bbl.  at  a  rent  of  Ic. 
per  bbl  per  month.  A  new  contract  for 
10,000,000  bbl  of  fuel  oil  with  the  Mexi- 
can government  has  been  reported,  but 
not  confirmed.  The  situation  may, 
therefore,  be  improved  before  1911,  but 
in  any  case  the  fall  in  price  is  probably 
temporary,  as  all  steamship  companies 
and  all  large  fuel  consumers  on  the  Pa- 
cific coast  are  only  waiting  to  adopt  oil 
for  fuel  until  there  is  sufficient  oil  in 
storage  to  warrant  the  change.  Thus  stor- 
age of  oil  in  large  quantity  is  a  matter 
of  prime"  importance  to  the  producers. 
Since  three  and  a  half  b::rrels  of  fuel 
oil  is  equal  to  one  ton  of  good  steam  coal 
in  efficiency  and  the  cost  of  manipula- 
tion is  less  with  oil  than  with  coal,  it  is 
plain  that  oil  at  $1.50  per  bbl.  is  cheaper 
than  coal  at  S7.50.  The  contract  of  the 
Western  Pacific  railroad  is  said  to  call 
for  3000  bbl.  of  oil  per  day.  The  pro- 
duction of  June  of  California  will  prob- 
ably be  about  7.000,000  barrels. 


Denver . 

]uly  17 — In  the  Northern  coalfield, 
the  operators  have  declared  under  no 
circumstances  will  they  enter  into  any 
contract  with  the  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America,  or  any  other  labor  organiza- 
tion. Another  carload  of  strike-breakers 
will  arrive  soon  to  take  the'  place  of  the 
men  who  are  out,  and  the  strikers  are 
issuing  circulars  and  doing  all  in  their 
power  to  prevent  the  operators  from  get- 
tinp  skilled  labor. 

Reports  have  just  been  made  public  of 
the    discovery    about    five    weeks    ago    of 


rich  silver  ore  in  the  Rosebud  property, 
near  Rico.  In  the  meantime  a  carload 
of  the  ore  has  been  saved  and  will  be 
shipped  this  week.  The  property  is  in 
about  the  center  of  Dolores  county,  in  the 
San  Juan  mountains,  and  has  been 
worked  for  three  years  by  the  Rosebud 
company,  composed  of  Denver  men,  C. 
A.  Lammers  being  president.  The  vein 
is  about  6  ft.  wide,  carrying  2  ft.  of 
silver  ore  estimated  at  S2500  per  ton,  the 
balance  being  milling  ore  assaying  ^30 
per  ton.  Since  the  strike  was  made  the 
tunnel  has  been  advanced  200  ft.,  all  in 
ore   of  the   same   high   grade. 

The  Saratoga  &  Encampment  Rail- 
road, 45  miles  in  length,  from  Walcott, 
on  the  Union  Pacific,  to  Grand  Encamp- 
ment, was  evolved  by  the  Penn-Wyoming 
Copper  Company,  with  its  various  names 
and  ramifications,  whose  operations  are 
now  being  aired  in  the  courts.  The  smelt- 
ery and  concentration  mill  of  the  com- 
pany are  at  Encampment,  and  connected 
with  the  mines  by  a  bucket  tramway  16 
niiles  in  length.  AH  are  idle  pending  re- 
sult of  the  legal  actions  now  on.  When 
this  has  been  completed  the  mine  will 
probably  be  opened  again.  It  is  down 
only  350  ft.,  and  though  its  eyes  have 
been  picked  out,  there  is  said  to  be  an 
immense  amount  of  virgin  ore  ground 
not  yet  touched.  The  Union  Pacific  has 
a  form  option  on  the  Saratoga  &  Encamp- 
ment road,  which  will  probably  be  exer- 
cised. The  Portland  mine,  adjoining, 
with  its  large  reserves  of  copper  sulphide 
ore,  and  owned  by  J.  C.  Helm,  late  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Colorado  Supreme  Court, 
will  be  reopened  as  soon  as  the  aerial 
tramv.ay  to  the  smeltery  is  running  again. 


Butte 

]uly  16 — After  many  months  of  rumor, 
the  North  Butte  Mining  Company  has  fin- 
ally instituted  suit  against  the  Tuolumne 
Copper  Mining  Company  for  the  purpose 
of  determining  the  ownership  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  Jesse  vein,  which  the  Tuo- 
lumne company  has  been  mining  for 
some  time  past.  Two  causes  of  action 
are  united  in  the  complaint.  The  first 
alleges  that  the  North  Butte  company  Is 
the  owner  of  a  certain  portion  of  the 
Jesse  vein,  which  is  described  with  par- 
ticularity, and  that  the  Tuolumne  com- 
pany has  been  mining  on  this  vein  and 
will  continue  to  do  so  unless  restrained 
by  the  court.  In  order  to  prevent  a  mul- 
tiplicity of  suits,  an  injunction  is  asked 
for  and  it  is  prayed  that  the  plaintiff's 
title  to  the  orebody  in  question  be  quieted. 
In   the   second   cause   of   ?ction   it  is   al- 


leged that  the  North  Butte  company  is  the 
owner  of  an  undivided  three-eighths  in- 
terest in  a  triangular  strip  of  ground  in 
the  northeast  part  of  the  Tuolumne  claim 
and  that  since  Sept.  16,  1909,  the  Tuo- 
lumne company  has  been  mining  the 
ground  without  the  consent  of  plaintiff. 
The  North  Butte  company  is  alleged  to 
have  demanded  an  accounting  from  the 
Tuolumne  of  the  profits,  but  the  account- 
ing has  been  refused.  An  accounting  is 
prayed  for  and  also  a  decree  quieting 
plaintiff's  title  in  the  three-eighths  inter- 
est in  this  strip.  The  fraction  in  question 
is  the  interest  which  John  Moroney 
bought  some  time  last  fall  and  which  the 
Tuolumne  people  claim  had  already  been 
acquired  by  them.  Moroney  deeded  the 
interest  to  the  North  Butte  company. 

With  the  notice  to  Butte-Ballaklava 
stockholders  of  a  50c.  dividend,  payable 
Aug.  1,  appears  the  following  statement: 
"Ballaklava  produced  4200  tons  of  ore 
during  June,  from  which  the  smeltery 
recovered  672,000  lb.  of  copper  and  more 
than  45,000  oz.  of  silver.  We  are  ship- 
ping at  present  better  than  200  tons  of 
ore  per  day.  that  is  returning  us  better 
than  16  tons  of  copper  metal  besides  the 
same  high  value  in  silver  that  has  char- 
acterized the  shipments  of  ore  from  the 
mine." 


Salt  Lake  City 

July  15 — The  United  States  assay  office 
at  Salt  Lake  City  handled  .S89 1,859  in 
gold  and  silver  bullion  for  the  year  ended 
July  1.  The  report  just  completed  shows 
that  47,509  oz.  gold  and  17,278  oz.  sil- 
ver were  purchased  during  the  year.  The 
value  of  the  gold  was  S883.894,  and  of 
the  silver,  S7965.  The  local  office  has 
been  in  business  a  little  over  a  year,  and 
the  amount  of  bullion  handled  is  con- 
sidered satisfactory  by  the  officials,  es- 
pecially since  the  gold  shipments  to  Salt 
Lake  for  the  past  year  or  more  have  been 
decreased  by  the  installation  of  milling 
plants  in  Nevada,  which  ship  to  the  Car- 
son  City   assay   office. 

The  De  Lamar  Leasing  Company  was 
organized  July  9  by  a  number  of  Salt 
Lake  mining  men,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
treating the  tailings  from  the  De  Lamar 
mill,  at  De  Lamar,  Nev.  A  lease  has 
been  obtained  from  the  receiver  of  the 
Bamberger-De  Lamar  Mining  Company 
upon  the  tailings,  and  includes  the  cyan- 
ide plant  on  the  ground,  also  the  De 
Lamar  and  Nesbitt  water  systems.  The 
dump  cont.iins  in  all  about  half  a  million 
tons  of  tailings,  for  the  privilege  of  work- 
ing which  the  lessees  are  to  pay  a  royal- 


July  23,  1910. 


TKE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


183 


ty  of  20c.  per  ton.  The  tailings  have 
been  sampled  and  it  is  figured  that  some- 
thing like  SI  net  per  ton  can  be  saved 
by  simple  cyaniding.  It  is  the  inten- 
tion to  start  with  a  capacity  of  200  tons 
a  day,  which  will  be  gradually  increased. 
George  R.  Raymond  is  president  and  A. 
E.    Keables,    manager. 

State  Food  Commissioner,  Willard 
Hansen,  is  making  a  trip  of  inspection 
to  the  mining  camps  of  the  State,  follow- 
ing reports  that  the  sanitary  condition 
of  restaurants,  bakeries  and  other  food 
establishments  were  not  up  to  the  stand- 
ard required  by  law. 

Goldfield 

July  15 — It  is  believed  that  the  Grizzly 
Bear  lease  on  the  Consolidated  estate  has 
opened  up  an  immense  body  of  good 
milling  ore  at  2000  ft.  south  of  the  Cler- 
mont shaft.  This  would  tend  to  prove  up 
the  Jumbo  and  Combination  vein  sys- 
tems at  a  depth  of  1200  ft.  and  indicate 
a  continuous  orebody  from  the  Grizzly 
Bear  back  to  the  Combination  workings, 
half  a  mile  westward.  The  Clermont,  at 
1000  ft.,  is  thought  to  have  the  same,  or 
at  any  rate,  a  parallel  vein,  so  that  an 
immense  block  of  virgin  territory  is  sup- 
posedly traversed  by  this  vein  system. 
For  some  weeks  the  Consolidated  com- 
pany has  been  driving  a  crosscut  from  the 
1000-ft  level  of  the  Clermont  to  connect 
with  the  Grizzly  Bear  workings.  It  is 
thought  that  the  Consolidated  will  pur- 
chase the  Grizzly  Bear  lease,  hold  and 
extract  the  ore  to  help  supply  the  big  mill. 


Birmingham,   Ala. 

July  16 — It  is  estimated  that  the  U.  S. 
Steel  Corporation,  through  its  subsidiary 
organizations,  the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron 
and  Railroad  Company  and  the  American 
Steel  and  Wire  Company,  is  expending  no 
less  than  S300,000  per  month  in  the  Bir- 
mingham district  in  developments.  The 
Tennessee  company  is  putting  in  a  big 
Jam  for  a  lake,  a  power  plant,  new  by- 
product coke  ovens  and  other  works, 
while  the  American  Steel  and  Wire  Com- 
pany is  building  a  steel  and  wire  plant 
in  the  vicinity  of  Ensley  and  Corey,  a 
few  miles  from  Birmingham.  While  no 
Jeflnite  announcement  is  made,  it  is  of- 
icially  stated  that  the  Universal  Portland 
Clement  Company,  another  subsidiary 
corporation  of  the  Steel  Corporation,  will 
^rect  a  plant  in  the  Birmingham  district 
"or  the  manufacture  of  cement  from  blast 
ron,  furnace  slag. 

The  largest  number  of  applicants  for 
irst-  and  second-class  mine-foremen  cer- 
iRcates  ever  examined  at  one  sitting  were 
lefore  the  Alabama  State  Mining  Board 
he  past  week,  36  men  applying  for  the 
irst-class  and  16  for  the  second-class 
ertificates.  The  examinations  were  very 
igid  by  reason  of  the  determination  to 
r.et  the  best  possible  men  for  mine  work 
jn  this  State.  A  large  proportion  of  those 
[I'ho  stood  the  examination  were  granted 


the  certificates.  The  questions  pro- 
pounded were  in  strict  accordance  with 
the  mining  operations  in  this  section  of 
the  country.  In  addition  to  written  ques- 
tions, a  number  of  oral  questions  were 
put  to  the  men.  Several  of  the  appli- 
cants were  recent  graduates  in  civil  en- 
gineering. The  indications  are  that  the 
examinations  for  these  certificates  will  be 
more  rigid  every  year. 

While  the  State  board  was  looking  over 
the  papers  in  the  examinations,  J.  G. 
Moore,  superintendent  of  mines  for  the 
Sloss-Sheffield  Coal  and  Iron  Company, 
delivered  an  able  address  to  the  appli- 
cants, his  subject  being  "Energy  and 
Ambition,"  his  sentiments  being  that  af- 
ter securing  the  certificates  each  and 
every  man  should  strive  for  even 
greater  honor  and  the  mining  profession 
would   be  benefited. 

Seattle,  Wash. 

July  Hi — The  first  steel  from  the  open- 
hearth  furnaces  of  the  Western  Steel  Cor- 
poration at  Irondale,  Wash.,  was  drawn 
May  26,  the  time  consumed  from  the  date 
of  charging  being  ,5',.  hours.  The  steel 
is  declared  to  be  of  superior  quality.  Oil 
fuel  was  used.  The  corporation  has  made 
a  contract  with  the  Hang  Yeh  Peh  Iron 
and  Coal  Company,  of  China,  for  3,000,- 
000  tons  of  pig  and  iron  ore,  which  will 
be  shipped  from  Tiyee  to  Hankow,  thence 
down  the  Yan-Tse  river,  650  miles  to  the 
ocean  and  thence  to  America.  By  the 
terms  of  the  contract,  the  Chinese  handle 
all  the  finished  products  sold  in  China 
and  the  Chinese  products  will  in  turn  be 
controlled  in  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada by  the  Western  Steel  Corporation. 
The  steel  shipped  to  China  and  Japan 
will  be  entitled  to  the  preferential  al- 
lowed by  the  Chinese  government  for 
steel  made  from  Chinese  ore.  Many  of  the 
steel  workers  used  ore  from  Pittsburg. 
William  Martin,  late  U.  S.  Consul  Gen- 
eral at  Hankow,  will  represent  the  Chi- 
nese Syndicate  in  the  United  States,  and 
make  his  home  in  Seattle.  The  corpora- 
tion plans  the  erection  of  a  steel  plant  in 
British  Columbia,  with  an  initial  capacity 
of  350  tons  of  pig  iron.  It  is  expected 
that  th"  plant  will  be  in  operation  in 
two  years  and  it  will  include  steel  works 
and  rolling  mills  for  the  manufacture  of 
steel  rails  and  structural  steel.  The  cor- 
poration already  owns  four  large  deposits 
of  iron  ore  in  British  Columbia,  and  will 
acquire  more. 

The  recovery  of  tin  from  scrap  is 
planned  by  Seattle  capitalists.  A  large 
quantity  of  scrap  tin  is  taken  annually 
to  Germany  and  returned  here  in  the 
form  of  tinplate,  one  recent  shipment 
amounting  to  120  bales.  R.  A.  Raymond, 
secretary  of  the  Seattle  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, estimates  that  operations  can  be 
successfully  conducted  at  Seattle,  as  the 
process  of  tin  recovery  is  very  simple. 
The  quantity  of  tin  plate  used  by  the 
Alaskan  Salmon  canneries  is  very  large. 


Cobalt 
July  17 — Another  large  vein  was  dis- 
covered last  week  on  the  Timmins  prop- 
erty in  Porcupine.  So  far  not  enough 
work  has  been  done  on  it  to  define  its 
be  muuries,  but  some  very  spectacular 
fr:e  gold  has  been  shown  up.  At  the 
100-ft.  level  of  the  main  vein  of  this 
property  some  of  the  richest  ore  yet  en- 
countered ;s  being  taken  out.  The  vein 
is  about  10  ft.  wide  and  is  rich.  On 
account  of  the  poor  transportation  facil- 
ities prices  of  provisions  throughout  the 
district  are  very  high.  So  much  so,  in 
fact,  that  several  companies  are  cutting 
out  all  but  the  absolutely  necessary 
work. 

The  Mines  Power,  Ltd.,  has  purchased 
the  lease  of  a  water  power  on  the  Matta- 
gami  river,  in  the  Temagami  Forest  Re- 
serve, near  the  Porcupine  camp.  It  is 
estimated  that  between  6000  and  7000 
h.p.  can  be  developed  under  a  total  head 
of  120  ft.  Parties  are  making  detailed 
surveys.  The  question  of  fuel  in  Porcu- 
pine will  soon  become  serious.  Situated 
about  30  miles  from  a  railroad,  and  with 
no  immediate  prospect  of  .i  branch  line, 
wood  is  the  only  fuel  available,  as  some 
of  the  companies  contemplate  extensive 
developments,  the  immediate  supply  of 
wood  will  soon  become  exhaut.ed. 

The  action  of  the  provincial  govern- 
ment in  sending  prisoners  into  Porcupine 
and  Gowganda  to  build  rosds.  has 
aroused  a  great  deal  of  opposition  among 
the  unions  and  laboring  men.  They  claim 
that  there  are  many  men  in  the  country 
unable  to  obtain  employment  and  that  the 
government's  action  is  depriving  them  of 
the  chance  to  work.  The  local  labor 
unions  have  sent  in  petitions. 

Many  prospectors  are  going  into  the 
country  around  Great  Pike  lake,  about  40 
miles  southwest  of  Porcupine.  The  foun- 
dation is  granite  and  schist  and  gold  is 
found  in  quartz  veins  and  stringers  at  the 
contact.  Samples  brought  back  to  Por- 
cupine show   free  gold. 

The  Cobalt  shipments  for  the  first 
six  months  of  1910  show  an  increase  of 
two  tons  over  the  corresponding  period 
of  last  year.  On  account  of  the  increased 
number  of  conceritiators  now  operating, 
it  is,  however,  estimated,  that  the  silver 
production  will  show  an  increase  of  ap- 
proximately 2.000,000  oz.  The  bullion 
produced  in  the  camp  totaled  187,597  oz., 
and  now  that  the  Nova  Scotia  plant  is 
operating,  the  next  six  months  should 
see  a  considerable  increase.  The  ship- 
ments from  Gowganda  for  the  corres- 
ponding period  amounted  to  372  tons. 

On  July  12  the  largest  bullion  ship- 
ment on  record  from  Cobalt  was  made, 
consisting  of  35  bars  of  silver  from  the 
O'Brien  mine,  weighing  33,500  oz.,  and 
26  bars  from  the  new  cyanide  plant  of 
the  Nova  Scotia,  weighing  26,700  oz., 
consigned  to  Macotta  &  Goldsmidt,  Lon- 
don, England. 


184 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


y 


THE  MINING  NEWS 

Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  Ne\v  Machinery 
Inst  allations.  Development  Work, and  Property 
^  '  *"  Til  e   Current  History  of    *'--       • 


y    X 


Transfer  s 


perty- 
M  ining" 


Alaska 

Two  more  shipments  of  $150,000  each 
have  been  sent  from  Fairbanks  and  it 
looks  as  if  the  cleanup  in  this  district 
will  be  fully  as  large  as  expected. 

Bonanza — Everything  is  being  made 
ready  at  these  mines  so  that  when  the 
railroad  is  completed  ore  can  be  shipped. 
New  and  permanent  quarters  are  being 
built  for  the  workmen,  buildings  for  the 
contractor  and  power  plant  and  ore  bins. 
These  buildings  will  be  ready  for  ma- 
chinery that  will  be  installed  next  season. 
There  are  more  than  1200  ft.  of  drifts 
and  crosscuts  and  a  large  force  of  men 
are  working  on  additional  drifts.  L.  S. 
Levensaier,  Kennicott,   is  superintendent. 

Alaska  Treadwell — For  month  ended 
June  15  the  total  product  was  S204,468, 
and  net  operating  profit  ?95,636;  yield 
per  ton  $2.39. 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 

Shattuck- Arizona — It  is  reported  from 
Duluth  that  the  company  will  erect  a  350- 
ton  smelting  plant. 

Tombstone  Consolidated — Recently  the 
company  lowered  the  water  in  the  shaft 
tc  within  approximately  10  ft.  of  the  bot- 
tom of  the  station  on  the  1000-ft.  level 
and  2  or  3  ft.  below  the  top  of  the  sta- 
tion on  that  level  when  six  of  the  boilers 
went  out  of  commission  simultaneously, 
due  to  the  overburden.  The  water  was 
allowed  to  come  back  to  the  345-ft.  level, 
but  has  since  been  lowered  to  the  900-ft. 
level,  where  it  has  been  held  pending  the 
arrival  of  an  additional  Sterling  boiler 
as  well  as  additional  sinkers,  a  Kennicott 
heater  and  a  Kennicott  purifier.  This  ad- 
ditional material  is  being  installed.  It  is 
expected  that  the  water  in  the  pump  shaft 
will  be  lowered  to  the  1000-ft.  level  and 
the  pumps  on  that  level  recovered  about 
Aug.  1. 

Gila  County 

Superior  Cr  Boston — The  Great  Eastern 
vein  continues  to  yield  a  large  tonnage  of 
shipping  ore.  The  June  output  was  450,- 
000  lb.  of  copper  and  10.000  oz.  of  silver. 

Live  Oak — Churn-drill  holes  7  and  8 
have  been  abandoned,  after  having 
reached  ore  and  holes  9  and  10  are  125 
and  200  ft.  deep  respectively. 

Warrior — Work  at  the  Black  Warrior 
mine  is  being  concentrated  in  the  west- 
ern portion  of  the  workings;  that  is,  on 
the  Montgomery  claim.  It  is  the  intention 
to  work  continually  westward.  The 
Winnie  claim,  which  joins  the  Mont- 
gomery longitudinally  on  the  west,  is  un- 


touched. The  only  levels  in  operation 
are  the  250-  and  300-ft.  Ore  is  hand 
picked  and  graded  up  to  10  per  cent. 
Shipments  of  100  tons  a  day  are  being 
made  to  the  Old  Dominion  smeltery.  On 
the  Dadeville  claim,  a  churn  drill  is  in 
operation  and  is  at  475  ft.  in  schist. 

Old  Dominion— Work  at  the  Old  Do- 
minion mine  is  in  full  sway,  the  recent 
shutdown  necessary  for  shaft  repairs 
having  ended  July  10.  A  steel  hoist  house 
is  nearly  completed. 

Pima  County 

Imperial — The  drilling  work  at  Silver- 
bell  is  beginning  to  show  satisfactory  re- 
sults, indicating  a  large  area  of  "por- 
phyry" ore  of  commercial  value.  Drill 
hole  No.  46  for  a  depth  of  60  ft.  gave 
1.96  per  cent,  copper  and  the  last  30  ft. 
ran  2.54  per  cent.  Drill  hole  No.  49  gave 
90  ft.  of  1.86  per  cent.,  60  ft.  of  1.95 
per  cent,  and  120  ft.  of  1.80  per  cent. 
Drill  hole  No.  53  gave  125  ft.  of  3.3  per 
cent.  Drill  hole  No.  54  gave  55  ft.  of 
2.3  per  cent.,  and  the  last  drill  hole  has 
given  40  ft.  of  3  per  cent,  and  70  ft.  of 
2^s  per  cent.  These  holes  are  on  two 
claims.  Three  drills  are  at  work,  supple- 
mented by  underground  development. 

Campo  Bonito — This  company  has 
been  formed  by  Col.  W.  F.  Cody  (Buf- 
falo Bill),  John  D.  Burgess  and  Col.  L. 
W.  Getchell  to  operate  an  extensive  group 
40  miles  north  of  Tucson. 

Pinal  County 
Ray  Consolidated — At  Hayden  the 
steel  framework  of  one  section  of  the 
mill  is  practically  completed.  Machine 
shops  and  warehouses  are  finished,  reser- 
voir dams  are  in  the  process  of  construc- 
tion, while  at  the  mine  the  foundations 
of  the  ore  bins  are  completed  and  the 
work  of  equipment  is  in  progress.  It  is 
expected  that  by  Jan.  1,  the  mill  will  be 
producing. 

Yavapai  County 
McCahe  and  Gladstone — These  mines 
of  the  Ideal  Development  Company,  at 
McCabe,  have  been  sold  to  F.  M.  Murphy, 
of  Prescott.  A.  W.  Edwards  will  be  in 
charge. 


California 

Alameda  County 

Alisal  Oil  Company — In  a  well  a   few 

miles  east  of   Livermore   at  887    ft.,   the 

Alisal   has  struck  oil  of  a  gravity  of  40 

dcg.  B.  opening  up  an  entirely  new  field. 

Butte  County 
McMillan       In     this     quartz     property 


three  miles   from  Chico,  a  gold  bearing 
vein  has  been   found. 

Inyo  County 
Skidoo — A  recent  mill  run  of  1131  tons 
gave  returns  of  S13  per  ton. 

Modoc  County 

Nothing  of  importance  in  the  way  of 
quartz  veins  was  discovered  in  this 
county  until  in  recent  years,  due  prob- 
ably to  the  extensive  lava  flows,  that 
cloak  the  bed-rock   formations. 

In  the  Hoag  district  work  is  in  progress 
on  the  Mountain  View  and  North  Stai 
mines  under  Superintendent  Cummings. 
The  ore  bin  of  the  Mountain  View  is  com- 
pleted. The  Sunset  mine  leased  to  James 
Wall  is  being  opened. 

Hess — The  ore  run  through  the  mill  re- 
cently returned  S30  per  ton.  The  founda- 
tion is  being  laid  for  a  20-stamp  mill.  C 
T.  Hess  is  said  to  have  sold  a  10-yeai 
lease  on  the  mine  to  Los  Angeles  capital- 
ists for  $100,000. 

Plumas  County 

Plumas — This  company  has  a  bond  or 
the  Southern  Eureka  group  of  claims  it 
the  Greenville  district.  D.  M.  Harvey  i: 
interested. 

Long  Valley — The  commissary  hous^ 
has  been  destroyed  by  fire.  Henry  Adam 
is  manager. 

Plumas-Eureka — This  property  ha 
been  acquired  by  the  Plumas-Eurek 
Mines  Company,  capital  $2,000,000. 

Shasta  County 

Mountain  Copper — The  company  i 
rapidly  pushing  work  on  the  triple-com 
partment  shaft  to  the  500-level.  Diamoni 
drilling  is  said  to  have  demonstrated  goo^ 
orebodies  below  the  old  adit  levels.  Sev 
eral  carloads  of  ore  are  shipped  dail' 
to  the  smeltery  at  Martinez.  Little  worl 
is  being  done  in  the  Hornet  mine. 

Afterthought — This  mine,  at  Ingot,  ii 
Shasta  county  is  about  to  resume  afte ' 
being  closed  for  a  year  and  a  half.  Th" 
smeltery  will  be  started  later  and  a  rail 
road  will  be  built  to  connect  with  th' 
Terry  Lumber  Company  road  so  the  min' 
can  be  operated  throughout  the  year 
There  are  large  orebodies  in  the  mine 
from  which  nearly  a  million  dollars  ha 
been  produced.  The  ore  will  be  stored  a 
present. 

Sierra  County 

Penherthy — This  quartz  vein  is  a  mili 
west  of  Forest  City  by  the  road  to  thi 
Omega  gravel  mine.  Clyde  Penberthy  re 
ports  a  rich  strike. 

Telegraph — Rich   gravel   has   been  en 


July  23,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


185 


countered  on  this  property  near  Downie- 
ville. 

Standard — This  mine.  Sailor  ravine,  is 
^stalling  a  pump,  a  hoist  and  a  gasolene 

'i  engine. 

[      Rose  Quartz — A  20-ton  irill  will  be  in- 

t  stalled  on  this  property  near  Gibsonville 

f  this  summer. 

!  Bear  Creek — J.  W.  Williams  and  asso- 
ciates have  just  made  final  payment  of 
S10,000  on  the  option  on  this  property 
near  Alleghany. 

Sierra  Buttes — The  new  oreshoot  found 
in  adit  No.  6  is  supposed  to  be  the 
Whiskey  vein.  This  was  worked  in  the 
upper  levels  and  furnished  a  large 
amount  of  good  ore,  but  was  cut  off  by 
a  fault  in  adit  No.  4.  Jay  C.  Folsom  is 
superintendent. 

Trinity  County 
.     Brou'n  Bear — The  mill  has  been  fitted 
with  new  concentrators. 

Lappin — Electric  power  is  used  for  the 
first  time,  and  an  air  compressor  in- 
stalled. 

Yellow  Jacket — This  mine  is  now  un- 
der bond  to  W.  R.  Bacon,  the  owner  of 
he  Lappin  mine. 

Strode — This  mine  near  the  mouth  of 
Coffee  creek  operated  for  22  years  by 
strode,  has  been  sold  to  a  Stockton  syn- 
iicate. 

Trinity  Power  and  Dredging  Company 
-This  company  was  recently  incorpor- 
ited,  capital  S200,000.  It  has  600  acres 
if  dredging  land  at  Poker  bar,  4  miles  be- 
ow  Lewiston  on  the  Trinity  river. 

Tuolumne  County 

Eagle-Shawmut  — •  Forty  stamps  are 
hopping  at  this  mine  and  more  will  be 
;et  at  work. 

Tuolumne  Consolidated — This  company 
low  has  60  men  at  work.  It  is  expected 
hat  the  new  dredge  will  be  at  work  by 
he  first  of  August.  The  property  is 
lear  Phoenix  lake. 

I  Yuba  County 

American  Flag — This  group,  on  Oregon 
>eek  near  Camptonville,  will  be  opened 
■y  W.  W.  Old,  with  Oakland  backing. 

Colorado 

Boulder  County 
A  50-ton  mill  to  treat  telluride  ore   is 
lanned  to  be  built  at  Salina. 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 
Bard — It  is  reported  that  the  company, 
perating  a  group  on  Lincoln  mountain, 
as  opened  a  good  orebody  400  ft.  in 
ingth,  and  from  6  in.  to  2  ft.  in  width. 
his  is  in  a  comparatively  new  district, 
bout  two  miles  from  Democrat  moun- 
ain,  ,ind  the  showing  has  stimulated 
iTOSpccting. 

.1    Hoosac — Work   has  been    resumed    on 
Ihls  tunnel  with  E.  D.  Quigley  in  charge. 


Gunnison  County 
United  Colorado  Mines — This  company 
installed  last  year  at  that  mine  a  flume 
nearly  a  mile  in  length,  which  takes  water 
from  two  streams  to  the  head  of  the  24- 
in.  pipe  line,  where  a  drop  of  360  ft.  is 
utilized  for  driving  a  Pelton  wheel  belted 
to  a  270-h.p.  generator.  From  this  power 
station  a  three-phase,  2300-voIt  current 
is  taken  back  to  the  mine  and  mill,  a  dis- 
t£'nce  of  two  miles,  where  a  number  of 
motors  operate  the  mill  and  the  compres- 
sor and  fan,  as  well  as  a  complete  light- 
ing system.  At  the  mine  a  three-com- 
partment raise  has  been  carried  up  over 
700  ft.  and  will  eventually  go  about  900 
ft.  to  connect  with  old  workings  in  the 
upper  level.  From  the  lower  tunnel  of 
the  mine  to  the  mill  there  is  a  drop  of 
about  600  ft.  and  the  ore  is  transported 
over  a  double-rope  aerial  tramway  to  the 
mill,  capacity  10  tons  per  hour.  At  the 
mill  the  ore  is  crushed  in  rolls  and  con- 
centrated on  Wilfley  and  Deister  tables. 
The  company  is  studying  the  convenience 
of  adding  a  cyanide  treatment  for  the 
tailings.  The  mill  is  running  at  50  tons 
daily  capacity  but  changes  being  effected 
will  increase  the  tonnage.  Edward  L. 
Dufourcq  is  engineer. 

Lake  County — Leadville 
Kent  &  Co.,  working  in  Califor- 
nia gulch,  just  below  the  Yak  tunnel  por- 
tal, have  instituted  a  hitherto  unused 
method  of  working,  viz:  jigging  zinc  ore 
by  gasolene  power,  and  are  saving  about 
15  tons  per  day  from  the  tailings  dis- 
charged into  the  gulch. 

Continental — Work  on  the  new  shaft 
being  sunk  on  this  property,  at  the  head 
of    Iowa    gulch,    is    progressing. 

Silent  Friend — Doran  &  Co.,  leasing  on 
this  property,  are  sinking  a  shaft  to  the 
Yak  tunnel  level  to  drain  the  workings 
and  make  available  the  orebody  opened 
up    a    few    months    ago. 

Hilltop — This  property,  in  the  Horse- 
shoe district,  is  employing  40  men  and 
outputting  steadily  a  good  tonnage  of 
zinc  ore,  the  ore  being  sent  to  the  rail- 
road at  Libby  over  the  new  2000-ft.  aerial 
tramway,  whence  it  is  shipped  to  the 
Globe    smeltery,    at    Denver. 

Lovejoy — Fifteen  men  are  at  work  on 
this  claim  and  a  fair  tonnage  is  being 
produced. 

Famous — The  work  of  sinking  the 
shaft  on  this  property  to  the  required 
depth  of  700  ft.  will  soon  be  finished, 
when  drifting  on  the  orebodies  known 
to  exist  will  commence.  The  property 
adjoins  the  Resurrection. 

Adelaide — The  lessees  are  still  confin- 
ing their  operations  to  the  upper  levels, 
but  will  soon  start  work  on  the  reserves 
of  the  lower  workings,  reoerKly  drained 
by  the  Yak  tunnel. 

San  Juan  District 
The    shipments    of   concentrates    from 


Telluride  during  June  amounted  to  124 
carloads,  which  at  25  tons  to  the  car, 
amounts  to  3100  tons,  or  figuring  on 
the  same  basis,  1400  tons  in  excess  of 
the  shipments  during  June  last  year.  The 
value  of  the  June,  1910,  output  is  esti- 
mated at  $250,000. 

The  output  of  San  Juan  county  in 
June  amounted  to  2600  tons  of  con- 
centrates and  862  tons  of  crude  ore,  a 
total  of  3462  tons,  only  38  tons  less  than 
for  June  last  year,  and  an  increase  of 
1512  tons  over  May,   1910. 

A  new  tariff  has  been  announced,  taking 
effect  in  30  days,  by  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande,  on  ores  from  the  Silverton  dis- 
trict to  Salida  and  Pueblo,  showing  a 
reduction  of  from  50c.  to  $1.50  per  ton. 
The  new  tariff  on  zinc  ores  to  Salida 
will  be  S5  instead  of  $5.50  per  ton,  and 
S6  instead  of  $7.50  on  $50  ore;  the  rate 
to  Pueblo  on  $50  ore  will  be  S6.50  in- 
stead of  S8  per  ton,  this  rate  applying 
to  Canon  City  also. 

Hercules — A  strike  of  ore  assaying  34 
oz.  gold  and  17  oz.  silver  is  reported  to 
have  been  made  in  this  group,  I'j  miles 
north  of  the  Kankekee,  where  a  rich 
strike  was  made  some  months  ago,  and 
which  mine  is  now  conveying  its  ore  to 
Silverton   by   pack   train. 

Silver  Doctor — W.  A.  Tripplett  has 
struck  a  5-ft.  body  of  sulphide  ore  in  this 
property,  at  Animas  falls. 

Yukon — A  body  of  lead-zinc  ore  has 
been  encountered  on  vein  15,  which  was 
cut  in  the  Yukon  tunnel  2300  ft.  from  the 
surface. 

Kittimac — This  company  has  contracted 
with  the  Silver  Lake  company  for  the 
milling  of  several  thousand  tons  in  the 
Silver   Lake   mill. 

Tomboy — In  June  the  mill  ran  28  days 
and  crushed  10,000  tons,  yielding  bul- 
lion, $40,500;  concentrates  shipped,  S34,- 
500;  total,  875,000;  expenses,  $49,000; 
profit,  $26,000. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
In  the  Cripple  Creek  district  it  is  an- 
nounced by  the  Golden  Cycle  Mining 
Company  that  a  general  reduction  has 
been  made  in  its  treatment  charges  at 
its  Colorado  City  plant,  in  which  reduc- 
tion the  old  contracts  are  included.  The 
new  schedule,  including  freight  and  treat- 
ment, is  as  follows:  Up  to  $10  per  ton, 
inclusive,  $4;  $10  to  $15,  $5.25;  $15  to 
.$20,  $6;  S20  to  $25,  6.50;  $25  to  $30. 
$7;  $30  to  $40,  $7.50;  $40  to  $60.  $8.25; 
$60  to  $100,  ,S8.75;  SI 00  to  $150,  $9.75; 
$150  to  S200,  $10.75;  $200  to  $300, 
$12..S0.  All  over  .S300,  $13.50,  less  I  per 
cent,  of  the  average  value  of  the  ore. 
The  reduction  ranges  from  50c.  to  .$2.25 
per  ton. 

It  is  stated  that  the  June  output  of  the 
properties  of  the  Vindicator  company,  on 
Bully  hill,  in  the  Cripple  Creek  district, 
was  3225  tons  of  a  bullion  valii'-  of  ."^l  15,- 
000.  The   richest  of  the  ore  ca:Tie   from 


186 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23.  1910. 


the  1300  and   1400  levels.     This  company 
has  paid  two  dividends  this  year,  amount- 
ing   to    S90.000.      Another    property    on 
Bully   hill  has   again   come   into   promin- 
ence  with   a   discovery   of  rich   ore,   and 
this  time  it  is  the  old  American   Eagles, 
one  of  the  first  mines  discovered  by  the 
late   W.   S.   Stratton,  and   now   owned  by 
the    Stratton    Estate.      Lessees   Bunch   & 
Companv  are  said  to  have  opened  at  the 
second  level  4  ft.  of  ore,  6  in.  of  which 
samples  as  high  as  50  oz.  gold  per  ton, 
but  the  rest  of  the  vein  will  pay  to  ship. 
At    the    eighth    level    of    the    American 
Eagles    shaft,    Thomas    Ludlam,    lessee. 
has    18    in.    of   ore    in    the    Murphy   vem 
which  is  said  to  average  S300  per  ton  in 
gold.     Walsh   and   associates,  leasing   on 
the    same    mine,    report    a    shoot    of    ore 
struck,  which   is   2' >    ft.   wide    and    runs 
S60  to  $80  per  ton.     The  above  are  sub- 
leases,  the    American   Eagles   being   un- 
der lease  to  the  Colorado  Mines  Invest- 
ment Company,  Paul  Hines,  manager. 

Jennie  Sample— ^e  Burns  and  Carl- 
ton factions,  contending  for  control  of 
this  company,  are  reported  to  have 
reached  an  amicable  settlement  of  their 
differences,  and  that  the  parties  slated 
for  directors  will  be  elected  without  op- 
position at  the  August  meeting  of  the 
stockholders.  Meantime  the  shaft  is  be- 
ing retimbered,  it  having  been  declared 
unsafe  by  the  mine  inspector. 

lerry  Johnson— Since   the    first   of  the 
momh'  eight   cars   of   ore    averaging   S22 
per  ton  have  been  shipped  by  this  mine. 
Blue  Ffag— Shipments  from  this  mine, 
between   Bull   and   Raven   hills,  are   now 
being   made    to    outside    plants,    it   being 
stated  that  the  ore  produced  is  too  high 
grade  for  treatment  at  the  company  mill 
on  the  ground,  which  has  been  shut  down. 
Wide    /I H'alrc— Lessees    operating    this 
Raven  hill  mine  have  opened  a  5-ft.  vein 
in  an  upraise   from  the   first  level,  about 
50   ft.   below   the   surface,    and    have   re- 
ceived settlement  for  one  carload  of  ore 
at  the  rate  of  S25  per  ton.    The  ore  now 
being  saved  is  estimated  at  S40  per  ton. 


Idaho 

COEL'R  d'Alene  District 
A  cinnabar  deposit  has  been  discovered 

near  Murray   and  has  led  to  a  rush  of 

prospectors. 

Pun7an— August  Paulsen  has  agreed  to 

finance    the    Puritan    which    adjoins    the 

Tamarack  &  Chesapeak. 


ind: 


lana 


Gold  Da'.lar-Tne  quarterly  report  of 
the  president  of  this  company  shows  22 
sets  of  lessees  at  work,  with  nearly  all 
of  them  in  pay  ore.  During  the  period 
covered  by  the  report  lessees  expended 
$10  000  on  700  ft.  of  development  work, 
and  the  company  about  S4800.  During 
the  quarter  the  treasury  was  enriched  to 
the  extent  of  $81.33  by  royalties  and  ore 
sales,  nearly  100  per  cent,  increase  over 
the  previous  quarter,  and  the  cash  on 
hand    on   May    17    was   $17,962. 

FflHn^/t'ror— Lessees  operating  this 
property  through  the  Ophelia  tunnel  are 
working  a  large  body  of  milling  ore  dis- 
covered at  a  depth  of  275  ft.  beneath  the 
surface.  The  ore  carries  about  one  ounce 
gold  to  the  ton  and  it  is  expected  to  out- 
put about  50  tons  per  week. 


Clay  County 

South  Brazil  Block  Mining  Company— 
This  company   has  been   organized,   with 
headquarters   in    Patricksburg,   mine    and 
market  coal;  it  will  sink  a  shaft  at  once. 
The  capital  stock  is  $50,000.     The  incor- 
porators and  directors  are  O.  M.  Stump, 
of  Patricksburg;  G.  H.  Doan,  E.  L.  Klein 
and  G.  Golsen,  of  Chicago. 
Daviess  County 
The   oil    interest    has    spread     to    this 
country.      A    deep    test    well    in    Reeves 
township   has  been  started  with   a   16-in. 
hole    and   will   be    drilled   to   a   depth   of 
2000  ft.     It  is  said  that  the  Jennings  Oil 
Company  of  Washington,  Ind.,  in  charge 
of  the  test  well,  has  leases  on  practically 
all  the  territory   within  a  radius  of   four 
miles. 

Delaware  County 
Dclati'are  Gas  and  Oil  Company— This 
companv  has  filed  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion to  mine  for  oil  and  gas.  The  prin- 
cipal place  of  business  is  in  Muncie, 
Ind.  George  A.  O'Neil,  W.  S.  Likens, 
Fred  W.  Heath  and  George  W.  Edwards 
directors. 

Greene  County 
United  Fourth  Vein  Coal  Company— 
This  company  will  sink  a  new  mine  one 
mile  east  of  the  Iron  Valley  mine.  Presi- 
dent E.  L.  Wolford  has  given  instruction 
to  complete  the  shaft  as  soon  as  possible. 
The  company  owns  several  hundred  acres 
of  coal  land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  new 
mine. 

Vermilion  County 
Oak  Hill  Coal  and  Mining  Company— 
This  company,  with  offices  at  Clinton, 
has  increased  its  capital  stock  from  $150,- 
000  to  $600,000.  The  company  has 
planned  to  sink  several  n  w  shafts.  Hugh 
Shirgle  is  president. 


Minnesota 
The  Eveleth  mines  are  producing  ore 
at  a  record-breaking  rate.  The  Fayal  is 
humming  with  activity  and  the  Spruce 
and  .^dams  uaderground  mines  are  taking 
out  large  ciuantities.  About  10,000  tons  is 
being  shipped  daily  from  the  stockpiles 
open  pK  and  underground  mines.  To 
this  must  be  added  a  production  of  about 
2000  tons  daily  by  the  Virginia  mine, 
north   of   Eveleth. 

On  the  Vermilion  range  the  Duluth- 
Vermilion  company,  on  Robinson  lake,  is 
sinking.  The  concrete  shaft  of  the  North 
American  will  be  completed  about  Aug.. 
1.  The  Vermilion  company  is  sinking 
on  Pine  island.  Section  30  is  develop- 
ing. Work  at  the  Roy  and  the  Rice  Bay 
properties  continues  with  satisfactory  re- 
sults. Two  new  Vermilion  companie: 
have  been  organized. 


Michigan 


Iron 


The  mines  at  Ironwood  are  shipping 
more  ore  than  in  any  year  past.  The 
Ashland  mine,  operated  by  the  Cleveland 
Cliffs  company,  is  turning  out  a  large 
amount,  as  is  the  Norrie  mine  operated  by 
the  Oliver  company.  The  Ashland  mine 
i^  the  oldest  ore  mine  in  this  section  but 
is  still  producing.  The  Norrie  mine  is 
also  shipping  large  quantities. 


Montana 

Cascade  County 
Ingersoll — The  company  h^s  been  in- 
corporated by  E.  A.  Shaw,  D.  J.  Condoit, 
Paul  Roell,  A.  L.  Shaw,  T.  E.  Healey, 
William  Roberts  and  Allen  Pierce,  capital 
$1,000,000.  It  will  work  shortly  near 
Neihart. 

United  States  Gypsum  Company— The 
mine  near  Riceville  is  shipping  40  to  75 
tons  of  gypsum  daily  to  the  mill  at 
Helena.  The  output  is  hauled  to  the  rail- 
way at  Riceville  by  wagon  but  the  com-  « 
pany  contemplates  a  tramway.  ^ 

Jefferson  County 
The  Robert  Emmet  mine  in  the  Ama- 
zon district  has  been  closed  temporarily. 
A  good  orebody  was  encountered  on  the 
350- ft.  level  as  the  shaft  was  being 
sunk  to  the  500-ft.  mark.  Trouble  with 
the  electric  power  which  has  occurred 
intermittently  for  several  months  is  stated 
to  be  the  reason  for  the  shutdown.  The 
Yo  Tambien  company  has  cut  the  main 
vein  at  a  177  ft.  from  the  portal.  The 
property  is  in  Shingle  Gulch,  four  miles 
from  Clancey.  A.  B.  Keith,  of  Butte,  is 
sinking  a  300-ft.  shaft  on  the  Norma  mine 
and  a  depth  of  260  ft.  has  been  attained. 
Operations  at  the  King  Solomon  mine  will 
start  again  July  15. 

Lewis  &  Clark  Company 
In  the  Rimini  district,  Opshal  &  Lind- 
-  sav    are    preparing    to    ship    from     their^ 
claims,  at  the  foot  of  Red  mountain.    The 
tunnel  is  in  400  ft.  and  cuts  the  vein  at  a' 
depth   of  300   ft.,   disclosing   a  vein  be-, 
tween   10  and  15  ft.  in  width.     In  Min- 
nehaha  gulch,  one  mile   west  of   Rimini 
L.   D.  Armstrong  is  leasing  and  has  sev- 
eral shipments  ready  but  will  wait  until 
the  fall  when  the  soft  roads  leading  fron 
the  mine  will  be  in  a  condition  for  haul 
ing.     Brown  &  Company  will  finance  the 
operation  of  a  group  of  claims  on  Moos^ 
creek.      In   the    lower   Ten    Mile   distnc 
Potter,   Jorud    &   Milne    are    operating  i\ 
group   of  claims,  chief  of  which   is  thcl 
Morning   Star,    developed    by     a    300-ft 


July  23.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


187 


shaft.  Daniel  Dutro  is  worl^ing  the  O'd 
Dominion  and  west  of  these  Emmet  Fisk 
is  operating  the  Mabel  under  lease  and 
bond  through  an  incline  shaft. 

Victor-Empire — At  the  annual  meeting 
W.  B.  Dilley.  of  Libby.  Mont.,  P.  S.  Rose, 
of  Spokane,  and  J.  L.  Collins,  of  Moscow, 
Ida.,  were  elected  directors  for  the  en- 
suing year  and  the  stock  was  made  as- 
sessable. 


Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 
Litigation,  which  has  prevented  oper- 
ations on  U)  sulphui  claims  near  Cuprite, 
has  been  cleared  up  and  a  company  has 
been  formed  to  operate.  Edgar  Baruch, 
of  Los  Angeles,  will  be  in  charge. 

Combination  Fraction  —  The  leased 
Nevada-Goldheld  Reduction  works  is 
operating  steadily  on  70  tons  of  Fraction 
ore.     Tailings  under  $1   are  reported. 

Goldficld-Belmont — The  property,  with 

a  400-ft.  shaft,  equipped  with  an  electric 

I       hoist  and   electrically  driven   compressor. 

^        has  been  leased    for  two   years  and   will 

be  actively  operated. 

Goldfield  Consolidati'd~A\\  of  the  100 
Stamps  are  in  operation  but  the  output 
has  not  yet  been  increased  to  maximum 
capacity  because  of  a  shortage  of  water. 
I  which,  however,  is  e.\pected  to  be  tem- 
porary. 

Hl'mboldt  County 
The  entire  camp  of  Kennedy  has  been 
purchased  by  an   Eastern  syndicate,   and 
will   be   operated.      Kennedy   is  60   miles 
south    of    Winnemucca. 

A  group  at  Kimberly,  near  Battle  moun- 
tain, has  been  reorganized  and  capital 
obtained  to  work.  S.  Wheeler,  of  Reno,  is 
interested. 

LvdN  County 
Nevada  Douglas — The  property  in  the 
Yerrington  district  is  preparing  the  mine 
for  production  when  the  Mason  Valley 
smeltery  is  co-npleted.  The  company  has 
a  contract  with  the  Mason  Valley  com- 
pany for  the  treatment  of  2"0,000  tons. 
Duncan  McVichie  is  in  charge  and  Walter 
C.  Oram,  who  was  formerly  manager  of 
tht  Utah  Apex,  is  general  manager. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah-lielmont —High-fi.TMc  millini: 
ore  has  made  fine  crushing  neces- 
sary and  so  cut  down  the  tonnage  at 
the  mill.  Bullion  reports  for  June,  how- 
ever, show  far  ahead  of  any  previous 
month. 

MacNamara-  -The  discovery  of  good 
ore  on  the  800- ft.  level  in  earlier  andesit-.- 
underlying  the  rhyolite-dacite  is  con- 
sidered a  significant  development  for  the 
entire  western  section  of  the  Tonopah 
district. 

Tonopah — Extensive  stoping  has  been 
started  on  the  big  orebody  recently  en- 
countered 200  ft.  east  of  the  shaft  on  the 
440- ft..  Red  Plume  level.  The  size  of 
the  stope   will   necessitate  square  sets. 


Manhattan  Milling — It  is  the  intention 
of  the  management  to  increase  the  ca- 
pacity by  the  addition  of  a  tube  mill  and 
to  install  a  cyanide  plant.  Twenty-five 
tons  are  being  treated  daily. 

Pioneer — A  car  of  higher-grade  ore  has 
been  shipped,  in  addition  to  the  35  tons 
milled  daily  in  the  Mayflower  plant. 

White  Pine  County 
Boston  Ely — The  failure  to  find  ore  in 
the  drift  from  the  1227-ft.  level  of  the 
Emma  shaft  has  resulted  in  a  shutdown. 
An  examination  will  be  made,  and  a  re- 
sumption n.ay  come.  The  Emma  shaft 
passed  through  leached  material  but 
failed  to  discover  ore. 

New  Mexico 
Socorro  County 
Socorro — The  third  Burt  filter  has  been 
delivered  on  the  Fannie  Hill.  When  in- 
stalled, this  will  increase  the  capacity 
of  the  plant  30  per  cent.  The  June  ship- 
ments of  gold  and  silver  bullion  exceeded 
32,000  oz.  in  addition  to  heavy  consign- 
ments of  concentrates.  Approximately 
3000  tons  was  milled. 

Helen — The  work  at  present  is  clean- 
ing out  and  retimbering  portions  of  the 
old  workings  preparator>'  to  general  de- 
velopment. Headway  is  being  made  on 
the  installation  of  the  pipe  line  up  White- 
water  creek. 

New  York 

The  International  Acheson  Graphite 
Company,  of  Niagara  Falls,  has  arranged 
to  erect  a  substantial  addition  to  its  works 
on  the  lands  of  the  Niagara  Falls  Power 
Company.  The  new  building  will  afford 
capacity  for  10  or  12  new  furnaces.  The 
buildings  will  be  of  brick  and  steel  con- 
struction and  erected'  west  of  its  present 
works.  The  additional  furnaces  will 
make  possible  a  large  increase  in  the  out- 
put of  Acheson  graphite  to  meet  the  in- 
creasing demand  for  the  products  of  the 
company. 

Oklahoma 

A.  B.  Augustine  and  B.  F.  Cochran,  of 
Coffeyville.  Kan.,  have  leased  the  zinc- 
sulphide  mine  at  Davis,  from  C.  L.  Mc- 
Giiire  and  will  install  a  200-ton  mill. 
These  ores  are  free  from  lead  and  carry 
but  i  per  cent.  iron.  This  is  the  first 
zinc  mill  to  enter  the  field.  Open-cut 
mining  will  be  followed.  E.  O.  Hill  is 
unloading  steam  machinery  to  install  in 
the  lead  mines  at  Davis,  on  the  Beard 
property. 

Samuel  Untennyer  has  closed  in 
London  a  deal  for  the  purchase  of 
a  large  interest  in  securities  of  oil- 
producing  properties  in  Oklahoma. 
The  transaction  involves  an  exchange 
of  85,000,000  in  cash  and  SI5.- 
000,000  in  securities.  The  plans  involve 
laying  a  big  pipe  line.  The  deal  is  re- 
ported to  be  independent  of  the  Standard. 


Oregon 
Grant  County 
Virginia — This    min'"    at    the    head    of 
Olive   creek   is  being   unwatered   with   a 
view  to   resuming. 

Lake  County 
In  the  Bohemia  district  the  Sweepstake 
two-stamp  mill  is  in  operation.  The  May- 
flower yielded  $435  in  a  10-day  run,  but 
is  now  closed  for  lack  of  water.  The 
Sayler's  gulch  property  will  soon  have  a 
mill.    Lewis  Hartley  is  in  charge. 


Utah 
Beaver  County 

Commonwealth — The  strike,  made  in 
drifting  from  the  tunnel  level  for  the 
main  vein  has  proved  to  be  a  good  quality 
of  lead-carbonate  ore,  rich  in  silver.  The 
property  consists  of  a  large  group  of 
claims,  near  the  Moscow,  Red  Warrior 
and   Hub. 

Cedar  -  Talisman — Another  orebody, 
extending  along  the  limestone  bedding 
has  been  found  in  raising  from  the  500- 
ft.  level.  Two  cars  of  ore,  one  of  lead 
and  one  of  zinc,  have  been  shipped  and 
two  more  will  be  ready  by  the  middle  of 
July. 

Arrow  Head — A  tunnel  is  being  driven 
to  cut  the  ore  recently  discovered  in  the 
first  workings.  This  has  not  been 
reached,  but  stringers  running  well  in 
silver  have  been  cut.  Active  work  is  be- 
ing done. 

Cupric — Work  is  being  done  on  the 
500- ft.  level,  and  bunches  of  rich  copper 
ore  have  been  found. 

Moscow — During  June,  seven  cars  of 
ore  w^ere  marketed,  which  yielded  an  av- 
erage of  SI 500  a  car.  These  returns  have 
wiped  out  the  indebtedness.  Shipments 
will  be  increased  to  ten  cars  a  month. 

Rob  /?o_v— -Development  is  being  done 
on  the  300- ft.  level,  and  some  gold  ore 
in  bunches  has  been  encountered.  A  mill 
was  built  several  years  ago,  but  has  not 
been  used   lately. 

Horn  Silver — A  body  of  rich  silver  ore 
has  been  found  on  the  700- ft.  level,  but 
has  not  proved  to  be  of  large  extent.  The 
mine  is  shipping  between  1000  and  1500 
tons  a  month. 

Box  Elokr  County 

Salt  Lake  Copper — This  company  has 
decided  to  stop  producing  copper  for  the 
present,  but  will  ship  iron  ore  for  flux- 
ing.    W.  B.  Fisher  is  manager. 

Silver  Island  Coalition — Work  has  been 
suspended  several  months,  owing  to  the 
inability  to  obtain  supplies,  while  the 
Western  Pacific  was  tied  up.  Operations 
on  the  tunnel  will  soon  be  resumed.  The 
objective  point  is  a  vein  700  ft.  from  the 
portal. 

Iron  County 

Jennie — Development  has  been  carried 
on,    during    the    building    of   the    power 


188 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


plant  at  Modena.  The  shaft  has  been 
sunk  to  the  300-ft.  level,  and  drifting 
for  the  vein  started;  a  winze  sunk  from 
the  175-ft.  level  showed  marked  improve- 
ment in  the  ore,  so  that  results  on  the  300 
are  awaited  with  interest.  The  vein  has 
a  Sloping  width  of  from  6  to  14  ft.,  and 
carries. from  S5  to  S12  in  gold,  with  some 
silver  A  new  compressor  is  being  in- 
stalled, and  breaking  ore  for  the  mill  will 
be  started  as  soon  as  drills  can  be  op- 
erated. 

Independence— Leasers  working  above 
this  propertv  at  Gold  Springs  have 
shipped  40  tons  of  ore  to  the  old  Horse 
Shoe  mill  at  Fay. 

Miller  &  Rafferiy-A  shaft  has  been 
sunk  80  ft.,  and  ore  shipped  to  the  Horse 
Shoe  mill,  which  will  net  a  little  better 
than  expenses.  A  car  of  first-class  gold- 
silver  ore  is  being  prepared  for  shipment. 
Jumfco— Robert  Weiss,  who  is  leasing 
this  property  near  Gold  Springs,  has 
bought  the  two-stamp  Tremaine  mill  from 
the  Johnny  company  at  State  Line.  Free 
milling  ore,  carrying  S5  and  upward  in 
gold  is  being  developed. 

Escalante-h  contract  has  been  given 
for  sinking  the  double-compartment  shaft 
from  its  presem  depth  of  40  ft.  to  the 
300-ft.  level.  This  property  is  east  ot 
Modena. 

Bull  Hill—\  4- ft-  vein  of  calcite  was 
recently  cut  on  the  150- ft.  level,  also  an 
18-in.  vein  of  quartz,  carrying  free  gold. 


Juab  County 
Crown  Point— ^  report  from  May,  1907. 
to  June  6  1910,  at  the  annual  meetmg  m 
Provo  showed  receipts  $32,896,  and  dis- 
bursements, $21,850,  balance  of  $11,046 
There  remain  in  the  treasury  122900 
shares.  No  work  has  been  done  since  1908, 
when  the  Colorado  and  Iron  Blossom 
sunk  the  joint  shaft  405  ft.,  and  did  300 
ft  of  drifting.  The  board  was  authorized 
to  resume  development  independently. 
Jesse  Knight  was  elected  president. 

Mammoth— ^n    assessment    of    10c.    a 
share   has   been   levied,   the    first   by   the 
company,  which  has  a  record  of  $2,190,- 
000  in  dividends.    The  judgment  paid  the 
Grand   Central   and    an    accident    at   the 
mine  appear  to  have  been  responsible. 
PiUTE  County 
Cfl.scadc— Work  is  being  done  on  this 
property  in  Bullion  canon.     A  winze  has 
been  sunk  from  the  lower  tunnel,  and  de- 
veloped 4  to  5  ft.  of  ore.     This  is  being 
sorted    for  shipment.     The   mine   is  con- 
trolled by  New  York  and  New  Jersey  m- 
terests. 

Salt  Lake  County 
Utah     Conso//<ia/<'d- Shipments     were 
begun  to  the  International  smeltery  over 
the  new  tramway,  June  29. 

!J*-h  Apex— The  capacity  of  the  mill 
has  been  increased  from  138  tons  a  day 
in  January  to   180  tons  daily    in    June. 


The  ratio  of    concentration    varies    from 
three  to  four  tons  into  one. 

Yosemite—n\s  mine  in  Bingham  has 
been  drained,  which  will  allow  active 
work  on  the  lower  levels. 

South  Columbus  Consolidated— T-a-o 
cars  of  ore  from  old  development  work- 
have  been  shipped. 

Summit  County 
Daly-Judge— The  Starrett  pump  re- 
cently installed  at  the  Anchor  shaft  to 
unwater  the  1600-ft.  level  is  reported  to 
be  giving  satisfactory  results.  The  pump 
is  placed  on  the  1500,  and  keeps  this 
level  free  from  water.  No  attempt  is  at 
present  being  made  to  reach  the  1600. 

Reeds  Peak—K  lease  has  been  given 
to  Park  City  miners,  on  the  upper  work- 
ings. The  company  is  driving  a  tunnel 
lower  down  the  mountain  to  cut  the  vein 
at  depth.  The  property  is  in  Big  Cotton- 
wood   canon. 

Tooele  County 
Cliff—At  a  meeting  in  Chicago,  the 
present  officers  were  reelected.  The  com- 
panv  is  controlled  by  Duluth,  Milwaukee, 
and' Salt  Lake  interests.  A.  D.  Thompson 
is  president.  The  mine  at  Ophir  is  ship- 
ping 50  to  60  tons  daily. 

Utah  County 
E udora-B ell— Th\s  company  has  been 
incorporated  bv  Salt  Lake  people  to  oper- 
ate the  Silver  Bell  mine  in  American 
Fork  cation.  A  tunnel  will  be  driven  to 
cut  the  vein  at  1000  ft.  depth.  George  N. 
Lawrence  is  president. 

Mountain  DW/— Shipments  of  silver- 
lead  ore  carrying  copper  and  gold  are 
being  made.  The  vein  has  been  drifted 
on  for  175  ft.,  and  has  been  opened  in 
two  places  500  ft.  apart  on  the  dip.  De- 
velopment work  totaling  1600  ft.  has  been 
done. 


portal  to  mill.  Ore  from  Nos.  3  and  4 
is  taken  to  mill  over  an  aerial  tramway. 
Shipment  from  Silverton,  Slocan  lake,  to 
Oklahoma  of  1300  tons  zinc-silver  con- 
centrate accumulated  during  last  winter 
is  in  progress;  700  tons  of  silver-leid 
concentrate  have  been  sent  to  Trail,  B.  C, 
during  1910. 

Yankee  Cirl—Act'we  operations  will  be 
started  at  once,  and  on  a  lirger  scale. 
H.  L.  Rodgers,  of  Nelson,  is  manager. 

Jumfco— Finch  &  Campbell,  of  Spo- 
kane, owners,  expect  to  resume  opera- 
tions scon. 

Ontario 

Gould  Consolidated— A  writ  of  execu- 
tion has  been  issued  against  this  Peterson 
Lake  leasing  company.  Part  of  the  sur- 
face equipment  has  been  seized. 

Waldman — Good  ore  has  been  struck 
in  a  winze  20  ft.  below  the  bottom  level. 
Hudson  Bay— On  account  of  the  com- 
pany putting  up  a  concentrator,  the  Gov- 
ernment has  granted  a  rebate  on  the 
royalty  for  every  ton  of  ore  milled.  At 
present  it  pays  15  per  cent,  of  the  value 
of  the  gross  output.  Ground  has  been 
broken  for  the  50-ton  concentrating  mill. 
Millerett—Th\s  Gowganda  company 
has  shipped  another  car  of  high-grade 
ore. 

Reeves-Dobie—A  new  vein  has  been 
found   at   the   200- ft.   level. 

Ho;/aHd/a— This  lead  mine,  Hastings 
county,  owned  by  the  Ontario  Mining  and 
Smehing  Company,  has  been  pumped  out 
preparatory  to  the  resumption  under  the 
management  of  G.  W.  Burnett. 

Dobic— These  claims.  Porcupine,  num- 
bering 17,  have  been  acquired  by  D.  Lome 
McGibDon,  president  of  the  La  Rose  Con- 
solidated, and  Frank  C.  Armstrong,  of 
New   York. 


Wyoming 
Three    gushers   have    been   brought    in 
near  Byron.     The  oil  is  45  to  51  gravity. 

Canada 

British  Columbia 
Lucky  Jim— The  lowest  adit,  which  at 
380  ft.  from  its  portal  entered  the  first 
big  shoot  of  zinc  ore  driven  for,  has  at 
500  farther  in  reached  the  second  large 
orebody.  The  average  zinc  content  of 
4700  tons  shipped  last  summer  and  fall 
was  48  per  cent.;  an  increased  output  is 
assured  by  opening  of  both  orebodies  at 
greater  depth.  An  aerial  tramway  from 
the  lowest  adit,  to  the  Kaslo  &  Slocan 
railway,  1000  ft.  distant,  is  being  con- 
structed. 

Van  /?oi'— Crosscut  from  main  vein  on 
No.  4  level  has  entered  south  vein;  ore  in 
latter  is  of  good  width  and  quality.  No. 
5  level  has  also  opened  much  silver-lead- 
zinc  ore,  but  no  stoping  is  being  done 
pending  provision  for  transportation  from 


Mexico 

Jalisco 
Casados— Another  vein  of  good  grade 
milling  ore  has  been  opened  by  cross- 
cutting  in  this  Hostotipaquillo  district 
propertv.  It  is  from  8  to  15  ft.  wide.  Reg- 
ular shipments  of  high-grade  ore  taken 
out  in  development  are  being  made. 
Equipment,  for  the  proposed  200-ton  plant 
is  arriving  and  is  being  stored  at  El  Zo- 
pote,  pending  the  close  of  the  rainy  sea- 
son.    Mill  construction  will  be  rushed  m 

the   fall. 

Mexico 

El  Oro— Return  for  June,  mill  No.  2 
ran  29  davs,  crushed  30,026  tons,  yield- 
ing bullion,  $206,890;  working  expenses. 
■^92  440;  expenditure  on  development, 
$2l",60o',  profit,  $92,850;  profit  on  rail- 
way, $7000;  total  profit,  $99,850. 

Mexico  Mint's— Return  for  June,  mill 
ran  29  days,  crushed  11,270  tons,  yield- 
ing bullion,  $130,960;  working  expenses, 
$41,920;  expenditure  on  development. 
$11,700;  profit,  $77,340. 


July  23.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


189 


Esperanza — In  June  the  mill  ran  28 
days  and  crushed  17,243  tons  from  which 
was  realized  $202,657  with  a  net  profit 
of  396,423. 

SONORA 

The  denouncements  of  placers  at  Altar 
during  the  last  several  months  total  700. 
The  largest  denouncement  is  5000  perten- 
encias  (12,350  acres),  made  for  John 
Hays  Hammond  and  associates. 

Moctezuma — Only  one  of  the  two  1000- 
ton  units  of  the  concentration  at  Naco- 
zari  is  in  operation,  due  to  scarcity  of 
water.  Plant  will  be  again  operated  at 
full  capacity  as  soon  as  the  summer  rains 
start.  Experiments  with  Deister  tables 
are  being  made.  The  aerial  trams  are 
being  put  in  to  carry  tailings  to  a  gulch, 
where  they  will  be  stored.  The  tailings 
run  about  0.6  per  cent,  copper.  At  the 
Pilares  copper  mine  development  is  in 
progress  for  300  ft.  below  the  main  trac- 
tion level  (seventh)  but  no  stoping  is 
being  done.  A  second  traction  tunnel 
will  be  driven  at  the  tenth  level  and  ore 
will  be  delivered  to  bins  at  the  upper 
traction  tunnel  by  means  of  an  automat- 
ically filled  and  dumped  skip.  Company 
has  reserves  of  high-grade  ore,  and  is 
now  shipping  some  to  the  Copper  Queen 
smeltery  at  Douglas  to  maintain  produc- 
tion. Last  year  the  net  earnings  were 
51,104,454,  and  dividends  of  $988,000 
were  paid. 

Sunset  Development  Company — Of- 
cials  of  this  Southern  Pacific  concern  are 
discouraged  over  the  development  of  the 
Barranca  coalfields.  They  state  that  the 
coal  is  of  good  quality,  but  the  deposits 
broken. 

Mesa  Rica — A  30-ton  plant  for  the  Im- 
lay  process  of  rapid  cyanidation  has  been 
ordered.  It  will  be  the  first  plant  of  the 
kind  in  Mexico.  Development  has  been 
in  progress  four  years  and  totals  3000 
ft.  in  tunnels  and  drifts.  A  depth  of  600 
ft.  has  been  attained.  The  ore  is  stated 
to  average  SIO  a  ton  in  gold.  The  prop- 
erties are  in  the  Sahuaripa  district,  90 
miles  southeast  of  Moctezuma. 

Elcnita — A  large  Cameron  pump  has 
been  placed  in  the  lower  level  of  this 
mine,  near  San  Felipe,  to  permit  sinking. 

Santa  Rosalia — This  company,  working 
south  of  Cananea,  has  suspended  opera- 
lions.  Lack  of  funds  is  believed  to  be  the 
cause. 

San  Antonio — Two  shafts  are  down, 
each  to  nearly  100  ft.  at  this  mine  in  the 
Arizpe  district,  which  is  being  developed 
by  S.  B.  Gregory. 

Arizpe — Work  will  be  resumed  on  this 
company's  holdings. 

Rosario — Knglish  capitalists  controll- 
ing the  Tominil  Mining  Company,  will 
operate  this  gold  producer  in  the  Altar 
district. 

Alamos — This   company    reports   a    net 

profit  of  $25,000  for  the  last  fiscal  year. 

Mina     Blanca — This     mine,     formerly 


under  option  from  George  F.  Woodward 
to  California  people  represented  by  E. 
P.  Butts,  has  reverted  to  the  original 
owners  and  in  turn  was  transferred  to 
Carlos  Soto,  of  Moctezuma,  who  is  now 
doing  development  and  extracting  ore  for 
a  shipment  to  Douglas.  The  reported 
price  is  $10,000. 

Mina  Grande — George  Motz  and  asso- 
ciates, of  Bisbee,  have  taken  from 
George  F.  Woodward,  of  Moctezuma,  an 
option  on  this  mine.  The  new  owners  are 
developing. 

Verde  and  Ultima  Chanza — Under  the 
management  of  H.  C.  Beauchamp,  of 
Cumpas.  development  work  is  being 
prosecuted  at  these  mines.  Tom  L. 
Davenport  has  resigned  as  general  super- 
intendent, being  succeeded  by  Dr.  August 
Sandberg. 

Bonanza  dc  Cobre — The  Lomita  Min- 
ing Company,  a  Mexican  holding  concern 
of  the  Calumet  &  Arizona,  has  started 
to  develop  this  Cananea  property.  The 
same  company  is  developing  the  San 
Felipe  jjroperties  in  the  Arizpe  district, 
under  bond  to  the  Calumet  &  Arizona 
for  $250,000. 

Las  Palomas  —  These  Altar  district 
placers,  now  owned  by  the  Neill  Develop- 
ment Company,  of  Spokane,  have  been 
prospected  by  sinking  over  100  shafts. 
Extensive  operations  will  be  undertaken 
in  the  fall. 

American  Ore  Milling  Company — This 
company,  is  getting  good  returns  from 
dry  placer  operations  in  the  Boludo  sec- 
tion of  the  Altar  district.  A  Quinner  ma- 
chine and  dry  washers  are  being  used. 

Palmarito — F.  O.  Bostwick  and  A.  R. 
Dickson,  of  Douglas,  are  opening  this 
property  in  the  Ures  district,  30  miles 
east  of  Carbo.  A  tunnel  that  will  give  a 
depth  of  200  ft.  is  being  driven,  and  a 
winze  will  be  put  down.  An  old  80-ft. 
crosscut  from  a  50-ft.  shaft  is  in  copper 
ore.  The  property  is  owned  by  F.  L. 
Fain,  of  Ures. 

International  Copper — Equipment  for 
the  proposed  100-ton  smeltery  has  been 
delivered  by  Roy  &  Titcomb,  of  No- 
gales.  The  company  is  operating  near 
Noria.    A.  M.  Conard  is  manager. 

Washington — The  bonding  of  this  cop- 
per property  in  the  Arizpe  district,  which 
recently  reverted  to  the  owners,  F.  O. 
Bostwick  and  A.  R.  Dickson,  cost  James 
Douglas,  Dr.  L.  D.  Ricketts  and  associ- 
ates $76,000.  Of  this  amount  $35,000 
went  to  Messrs.  Bostwick  and  Dickson  as 
payments.  An  extension  of  time  on  pay- 
ments, pending  further  development,  was 
asked  by  the  Douglas-Ricketts  interests, 
but  the  owners  were  unwilling  to  grant 
it,  and  negotiations  were  called  off  in 
consequence.  The  bond  was  on  a  basis 
of  S200,00n,  with  either  8  per  cent,  of  the 
stock  of  any  company  formed,  or  $100,- 
000  additional  in  cash.  The  Washington 
Mining  Company  was  organized  a  few 
months  ago,  but  none  of  the  stock  was 


offered.  The  bond  was  in  effect  8  months, 
and  during  that  lime  much  development 
was  accomplished,  placing  a  large  ton- 
nage in  sight. 

Yaqui  Mines  Company — This  English 
concern,  closely  identified  with  the  Hud- 
sons  Consolidated,  is  developing  a  gold 
property  in  the  mountains  above  the  San 
Antonio  placers,  in  the  Barranca  district. 
A  12-fi.  ledge  of  free  milling  ore,  aver- 
aging $13  a  ton,  has  been  cut. 

Santa  Fe  Consolidated — Rich  lead-sil- 
ver-zinc ore  has  been  encountered  in  the 
Angus  property  of  this  company  in  the 
Cananea  section. 

Santa  Rosalia — It  is  planned  to  install 
equipment  for  further  sinking  in  the  fall. 
Until  that  time  little  will  be  done.  For 
some  months  development  has  been 
through  a  barren  zone.  R.  K.  Clancy  is 
at  the  head  of  the  company. 

Rosalcs — Ore  running  300  oz.  silver 
and  30  per  cent,  copper  has  been  taken 
out  of  this  property  in  the  Tigre  camp, 
owned  by  Dr.  J.  J.  P.  Armstrong,  of 
Douglas.  Sinking  on  the  vein  is  in  pro- 
gress. 

Afrxa 

Transvaal 
West  Rand  Consolidated — The  consult- 
ing engineer  expects  the  new  mill  will  ul- 
timately have  a  capacity  of  25  to  30  tons 
per  stamp  day.  The  present  capacity  ex- 
ceeds 20  tons  per  stamp  through  eight 
mesh. 

Mynpacht — This  dredging  company  has 
ordered  a  close  connected  dredge  to  have 
a  4000-cu.yd.  daily  capacity.  This  dredge 
will  be  of  the  California  type  and  will 
be  built  in  Melbourne  for  use  in  South 
Africa.  It  is  expected  that  five  months 
will  be  required  for  building  the  dredge 
and  the  cost  will  be  ,$70,000. 

Australia 

New  South  Wales 
Gold  production  in  New  South  Wales 
in  June  was  12,147  oz.  For  the  half 
year  ended  June  30  the  totals  were  90,- 
067  oz.  in  1909,  and  100,129  oz.— or 
$2,069,666  in  1910;  an  increase  of  10,062 
oz,   this  year. 

Queensland 
Gold  production  in  Queensland  in 
June  was  41,600  oz.  The  totals  for  the 
six  months  ended  June  30  were  204,191 
oz.  in  1909,  and  218,434  oz.— or  $4.515,- 
030 — in  1910;  an  increase  of  14,243  oz. 
this  year. 

Western  Australia 
Gold  production  in  Western  Australia 
in  June  was:  Exports,  14,298  oz.;  mint 
receipts,  106.391;  total.  120.689  oz.,  or 
7025  oz.  less  than  in  May.  For  the  half 
year  ended  June  30  the  totals  were  782,- 
069  oz.  in  1909.  and  729.582  oz.— or  SI5,- 
080,460— in  1910;  a  decrease  of  52.487 
oz.  this  year. 


190 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


July  23.  1910. 


THE  MARKETS 


^       X 


-^^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   ajid^ommercial    Statistics^ 


Coal  Trade  Review 


New  York.  July  20— Coal  trade  in  the 
East  has  nothing  new  to  report.  The  sea- 
board bituminous  trade  shows  a  good  vol- 
ume of  sales,  but  no  special  activity.  The 
anthracite  trade  shows  no  variation  from 
its  usual  conditions. 

In  the  West  those  mines  which  are 
at  work  are  doing  a  very  good  business. 
Northern  Illinois  and  the  Southwest  are 
still  in  a  disturbed  condition,  as  noted  be- 
low. Elsewhere  work  is  going  on,  and 
the  wage  agreements  are  slowly  being 
brought  into  fmal  shape,  with  some  fric- 
tion, but  no  serious  trouble. 

Complaints  have  been  made  of  Lake 
trade;  but  the  official  reports  of  ship- 
ments show  a  large  increase  over  last 
year. 

Strike  Conditions  in  the  H/es/— Earlier 
advices  this  week  indicated  that  the  op- 
erators  in   northern   Illinois,   in  the   Car- 
terville     and     Springfield    districts     were 
standing  pat.  while  the  miners  seem  con- 
tented to  remain  out.     President  Walker, 
who  is  leading  the  Illinois  miners,  seems 
to  be   arbitrary  and   not   inclined   to   give 
any  concessions.  Operators,  on  the  other 
hand,  sav  that  they  are  prepared  to  stay 
out    several    years    if    necessary,    rather 
than    accede    to   the   miners'   present   de- 
mands.     A    late    despatch,    however,    re- 
ports that  the  Cantrall  Coal  Company,   op- 
erating two  mines  in  the  Springfield  dis- 
trict  and  employing  500  men,   has  come 
to  terms  with  its  miners,  outside   of  the 
association;   and  this  may  be  the  begin- 
ning of  a  break. 

Matters  are  not  going  well  between 
the  miners  and  the  operators  in  their 
conference  looking  toward  a  settlement 
of  the  strike  in  the  Southwestern  fields. 
Another  week  has  come  to  an  end  with 
.the  two  conferees  still  working  on  a 
tentative  contract.  There  has  also  been 
a  good  deal  of  friction  and  ill  feeling 
over  an  attempt  of  the  Kansas  miners  to 
call  out  the  engineers  and  pumpmen,  and 
the  result  is  still  uncertain.  A  further 
session  of  the  conference  is  being  held 
this  week. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
Coal    receipts    at    Boston,    six    months 
ended  June  30,  reported  by  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  long  tons: 

I'.lllii.  l'.IW.       ChniiKcs. 

.„„,,.„„„,,  87.-.  IWll        S07,13«      I.    21. nil 

Anthiacltn. ^.U  i-u,i    o  1)10  4 •")     I   ■ll-2,74;l 

Total  domestic. . . .  2..5i«.il^5    2.!WT,.5C.7     I.  Iffl.sW 

rorolKn J*^       ^"'■^''■*     ^-     "■»''- 

Total....; 2,M(1.777    :l,n«8,731      I.  Ml.M* 

The    foreign   coal    is   almost    all    from 
Nova  Scotia  mines. 


Coal  passing  through  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
canal,  season  to  J"!y   1.  short  tons: 

lOim.  1910.         Changes. 

Anthracite 448.sn7  1V42.<V7J1     I.        194,273 

Bitummous....      1.«I3,1;K       :i,3o(i.U29    I.    1,4jI.,B94 


Total 2,:!41.532        3,9n2,r,99     I.    l.liSl.lf.T 

The  large  increase  this  year  was  chiefly 
due  to  the  earlier  opening  of  navigation. 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage.  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  railway,  11  months  of  fiscal  year 
from  July  1  to  May  31,  short  tons: 

Coal.  Coke.        Total. 

XewBlver  7,l-.|-..4nl        331.914    7,498.315 

Kaniwl.a 6(;7i;,»92  57..'>15    6,133.007 

Kanawlm 5..-,  iia  228        52.i.391 

olnuecungMnes;;:::   ■9u;,;99    42.300   133.059 


Total 

Total.  1908-9 


13,938,355       432,017  14.290,372 
.  11.2C.S.'.)12        3.i4.310  11.023.222 


Deliveries  this  year  to  points  west  of 
mines,  7,420,590  tons  coal  and  '  208.753 
coke;  "points  east,  1,779,006  tons  coal  and 
185.578  coke;  tidewater.  4.650,382  tons 
coal  and  37,686  coke;  anthracite  to  line 
points,  8377  tons.  Total  increase  this 
year,  2.667,150  tons,  or  23.7  per  cent. 

Coal  passing  Davis  Island  dam  on  the 
Ohio,  five  months  ended  fay  31,  was 
1,942,820  short  tons  in  1909,  and  999,405 
in   1910;   decrease,  943,415  tons. 

Coal  oassing  through  the  locks  on  the 
Alonongahela,  above  Pittsburg,  five 
months  ended  May  31,  was  4.114.000 
short  tons  in  1909,  and  3.809.100  in  1910; 
decrease,  304.900  tons. 

Coal  receipts  at  St.  Louis,  five  months 
ended  May  31  were  2,674.383  short  tons 
in  1909,  and  2,679,242  in  1910;  increase, 
4859  tons. 

Coastwise  shipments  from  chief  Atlan- 
tic ports,  five  months  ended  May  31.  long 
tons: 

Anthracite.  Bitum.        Total.    PorCt. 

Ne^Y.nk....     0.034.254  4.013.370.11.247,024       01.9 

Philadelphia        K93.403  1.837.114      2,.30,5u       Ij  0 

Ba      n    're      .        113.480  1.446.800      1.500,295        8.6 

4e"."    News      ........  1,300.008       1.300.008         7.2 

Norf!.lk    .     .      .^--^    ^^21'*^^     }-^-*'h      11 

Total '7.041,200    10,.5-23.349    18,irKl,335     10(1.0 

T.'tal.  1900.    7.S08..5(18      9.315.724    17,214.292     

Total  increase  this  year,  950,263  tons, 
or  5.5  per  cent.  New  York  includes  all 
the  New  York  harbor  sh'pping  points. 


bor.     The   lower  prices   are   usually    for 
washery  coals. 

Bituminous 
The  soft-coal  trade  along  the  seaboard 
shows  fairly  well  without  any  signs  of 
special  activity,  a  good  volume  of  busi- 
ness being  done.  The  higher  grades  of 
coal  are  selling  a  little  better  than  they 
have  been,  and  the  demand  for  the  cheap- 
er grades  is  good;  for  gas  coals  it  is 
large. 

There  is  no  material  change  in  prices. 
Good  Miller  vein  coal  goes  at  S2.50r<(  2.60 
per  ton.  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor,  while 
gas  coal  is  sold  at  about  SI  per  ton  at 
mines. 

Car  supply  is  generally  fair.  Summer 
travel  is  interfering  a  little  with  trans- 
portation, but  coal  generally  comes 
through  on  time.  Here  and  there  some 
coal  has  accumulated  at  tidewater,  but 
not  to  such  an  extent  as  to  make  much 
trouble. 

In  the  coastwise  trade  vessels  are  still 
rather  scarce  and  rates  continue  unusual- 
ly high  for  the  season.  Large  vessels 
get  85^"  90c.  from  Philadelphia  to  Bos- 
ton, Salem  and  Portland;  while  small 
boats  which  can  go  into  the  shoalwater 
ports  ask  5  or  10c.  more.  Barge  rates 
have  also  been  advanced.  From  New- 
York  owners  are  askmg  85^1/ 90c.  to 
points  around  Cape  Cod. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Julv  20— The  anthracite  trade  has 
settled  down  into  midsummer  dullness. 
Litt'e  is  doing  beyond  the  usual  contract 
deliveries. 

Schedule  prices  of  large  sizes  are 
S4  .55  for  broken  and  S4.80  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor 
points.  For  steam  sizes,  current  quota- 
tions are:  Pea,  S2.95r„3.25;  buckwheat. 
S2  15fr(2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
$1.65'-"  2;  barley,  $1.35r„  1.50;  all  ac- 
cordmc  to  quality,   f.o.b.  New  York  hir- 


Birmingham 

July  18 — ALibama  collieries  are  work- 
ing on  practically  full  time.     The  orders 
which    came    in    from    the    Middle    West 
when  the  labor  troubles  were  on  in  that 
section  have  had  the  tendency  to  give  the 
Alabama  coal  producers  a  lift  that  will 
take  them  beyond  the  summer.     There  is 
a  healthy  shipment  of  coal  from  the  dis-  ' 
trict,  but  the   home  consumption   is  only 
f".irly  good.     There  is  a  sufficiency  of  la- 
bor at  present  in  the  district.  i 
Estimates  made  of  the   coal   output  irj 
Alabama    for   the    first   half   of   the   yeai 
place  the  amount  at  more  than  7.000,00(  ■ 
tons.    The  indications  are  that  there  wil 
be  a  demand   for  every  ton  that  can  be, 
mined  during  the  balance  of  the  year.     | 
The  coke  demand  shows  some  improve- 
ment and  200  coke  ovens  are  being  madt 
ready  for  operation  at  an  early  date. 


Chicago 

!„;,,  19_-Buying  of  all  kinds  of  stean 
coals  has  been  large  in  the  last  week,  witl 
prices  firmly  maintained,  notwithstandini: 
the  expectation  that  supplies  from  Illinoi! 


July  23,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


191 


mines  will  50on  be  again  available.  In- 
('.::;-,a  coals  are  the  favorite  and  are  in 
com  nued  good  supply.  It  is  certain  that 
many  large  consumers  are  buying  closely 
in  the  expectation  of  again  getting  their 
accustomed  run-of-mine  or  screenings  at 
a  considerably  less  price  than  they  are 
paying  now  for  the  Indiana  product.  But 
buying  usually  is  close  in  summer  and 
all  coals  except  screenings  will  probably 
be  dull,  under  any  likely  condition  of 
supply,  until  autumn.  With  the  resump- 
tion of  supplies  from  Illinois  mines  the 
current  prices  of  Indiana  coals — S2.05'(( 
2.15  for  lump.  S1.90'«(2  for  run-of-mine 
and  .S2r</2.15  for  screenings — may  be  ex- 
pected to  drop  materially.  There  are  no 
surplus  receipts  of  any  coals  in  the  mar- 
ket, and  smokeless,  the  most  important 
Eastern  co.M.  holds  firmly  up  to  circular 
prices  of  .S3. 55  for  lump  and  S3. 15  for 
run-of-mine.  Hocking  also  is  steady,  in 
good  demand  and  wifi  well  regulated 
supply,  at  S3. 15,  circular  price.  Other 
Eastern  coals  maintain  an  even  course, 
Youghiogheny  ^:4-in.  gas  bringing  S3.22 
and  Pittsburg  No.  8  bringing  S2.85  for 
the  same  size.  Anthracite  business  is 
very  light. 


Cleveland 

July  IS — Steam  trade  is  steady,  but 
domestic  trade  is  dead  for  the  present. 
There  has  been  complaint  about  dull 
Lake  trade,  but  the  Sault  returns  up  to 
July  1  show  a  large  increase  in  coal. 
Supplies  are  not  overabundant,  and  prices 
are  firmer. 

Middle  district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland,  is 
$2.15  for  1'4-in.;  S1.90  for  '^-in.;  S1.80 
for  run-of-mine  and  S1.55rr(  1.65  for 
slack.  No.  8  and  Cambridge  districts  5 
or  10c.  higher.     Other  sorts  unchanged. 

Indianapolis 
July  18 — After  repeated  sessions  held 
at  Terre  Haute  by  representatives  of  the 
mine  workers  and  operators  of  the  bitumi- 
nous field  a  fining  clause  was  agreed 
upon  providing  time  be  allowed  for  a 
referendum  vote  by  the  miners.  It  pro- 
vides that  a  striking  miner  be  fined  after 
trial  instead  of  before  trial.  On  the  de- 
cision of  the  rank  and  file  of  the  miners 
the  question  of  signing  a  wage  contract 
covering  the  next  two  years,  or  of  de- 
claring another  strike,  or  being  compelled 
to  accept  a  lockout,  depends.  In  agreeing 
to  accept  the  modified  strike  clause  the 
operators  granted  the  miners  time  in 
which  to  submit  the  matter  to  a  vote. 
Until  a  report  is  brought  in  the  tem- 
porary contract  will  remain  in  force.  The 
joint  conference  has  remained  in  session 
over  a  week.  There  is  a  general  belief 
that  the  solution  has  been  found  and 
that  the  compromise  will  be  ratified  by 
the  miners. 

Pitt  burg 
July    19 — Demand    for   coal    continues 
fairly  good,  being  helped  slightly  on  by 


the  fear  in  some  quarters  that  there  will 
be  a  strike  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
system.  Prices  are  fairly  well  main- 
tained, but  are  occasionally  shaded  5c.  a 
ton  on  mine-run  and  nut.  Slack  is  quot- 
able 10c.  lower  than  in  previous  reports, 
owing  to  season  conditions,  the  large  pro. 
duction  growing  out  of  heavy  Lake  ship- 
ments, which  are  screened.  We  quote: 
Mine-run  and  nut,  $1.20';'  1.25;  V^-in., 
S1.30r,M.35;  domestic  1'4-in.,  S1.50; 
slack,  VOii/SOc.  per  ton. 

Connellsvillc  Coke— The  market  for 
prompt  furnace  coke  has  stiffened  slight- 
ly. Sales  of  prompt  coke  were  made 
this  morning  to  furnaces  at  SI. 70,  but 
S1.65  has  also  been  done,  and  the  total 
movement  in  the  past  year  has  been  larg- 
er than  for  some  time.  There  has  been 
no  interest  whatever  in  contract  furnace 
coke. 

Foundry  coke  has  been  fa'rly  active 
the  past  few  weeks,  but  hardly  as  active 
as  usual  at  this  season,  which  is  the 
regular  period  for  contracts.  The  West- 
inghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing 
Company  has  closed  its  contract,  involv- 
ing 10  to  12  cars  weekly  for  x'r.e  twelve- 
month, for  the  Allegheny  and  Cleveland 
plants.  shEding  S2.25  by  a  small  margin. 
The  Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing 
Company  is  in  the  market  for  a  slightly 
larger  tonnage,  but  has  not  closed  yet. 
Minimum  quotations  on  standard  brands 
generally  run  at  S2.25,  while  S2.40  and 
S2.50  are  quoted  sometimes.  One  old 
line  company  has  sold  a  good  line  of 
foundry  coke,  obtaining  not  less  than 
S2.50  in  any  case,  this  including  broker- 
ages in  certain  instances. 

We  quote  standard  grades  per  net  ton: 
Prompt  furnace,  S1.65f((  1.70;  contract 
furnace  (nominal),  SI. 75fr(  1.85;  prompt 
foundry,  ,S2.10r// 2.25;  contract  foundry, 
S2.25'i(2.50,  all  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connells- 
ville  region  in  the  week  ended  July  9 
at  350,993  tons,  a  decrease  of  50,000 
tons,  due  to  the  holiday.  Shipments  were 
3673  cars  to  Pittsburg.  5214  cars  to 
points  west  and  755  cars  to  points  east, 
a   total   of   9642   cars. 

Si.  I  ouis 

July  18 — The  market  has  been  slowly 
improving  ever  since  the  Carterville 
operators'  and  miners'  last  convention  in 
which  they  decided  not  to  go  to  work.  A 
great  many  anticipated  that  the  market 
would  immediately  jump;  however,  no 
."ppreciable  effect  was  noticed  for  several 
dsys  though  the  market  has  slowly  and 
ST'rely  improved  every  since. 

The  demand  for  steam  lump  from  rail- 
roads has  been  strong,  which  has  caused 
the  market  on  lump  to  advance.  Screen- 
ings, on  the  other  hand,  have  slacked  off 
and  as  a  consequence  mine-run  is  net- 
ting the  operators  about  the  same  as  last 
month,    gOifOSc.    per    ton.      The    mines 


which  can  ship  to  Chicago  are  getting 
better  prices  out  of  their  products  owing 
to  the  fact  that  Chicago  is  taking  screen- 
ings for  practically  lump  prices.  In  f::ct 
the  Chicago  market  is  at  least  25c.  per 
ton  higher  on  screenings  than  the  St. 
Louis  market.  It  is  anticipated  ihrt  th; 
market  here  on  fine  coal  will  stiffen  up  in 
sympathy. 

Current  prices  are  as   follows   for  the 
St.  Louis  market: 

Si. 
Illinois,  Slandard:  Mine.     Louis. 

6-in.  hi:   p  and  eKB $l..iO     S2.02 

2-in.  \r     p  and  nut 1.10        1 .02 

Mine-nn 100        1..J2 

.-^iii'eninKs 1  00        i.^2 


Trenton: 

8-in.  lump  and  egg. 

:j-in.  rrt 

1-in.  nut 


.-^taunlon  or  Mt.  Olive: 

(i-in.  lu-'ip 

2-in.  n  I 

.\iiiie-ni  '. 

Screeningi* 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  etiK .  .  .  . 


:{-in.  nut  . 
Mine-run  . 
.Sereening.'i 


I'ocaliontas  and  .New  River: 

I.uini)  or  egg ' 

Mine-run 

IVnnsyh'ania  ,\nlhracite: 

Nut,  stove  or  egg 

(Irate  

.\ri<unsas  .\nthi*acite; 

]".KK  or  Krate 

Cokf. 

Connell.sville  foundry 

(las  iicjuse 

Suiitliiug 


1 . yo  2  42 
1.7.5  2  27 
1.20        1.72 


1.70  2.22 

1.60  2    12 

l..iO  2.02 

1..-.0  2.02 


1    .-id  2    17 

1..5U  2,17 

1 .  50  1 .  97 

1.25  1.92 


1..M)         lllll 

1 .  Ill      :(.(•).") 


:i..35 


6  7.'. 
6 .  5U 


5.35 


5.40 
4.50 
4.  13 


The  anthracite  market  seems  to  be  im- 
proving. Dealers  are  beginning  to  take 
more  interest  and  householders  are  be* 
ginning  to  place  orders  for  the  fall.  Thfc 
first  stocks  of  dealers  are  running  low 
and  they  are  coming  back  for  their  sec- 
ond supply.  From  now  on  the  demand 
will  be  much  better.  Coal  is  coming  for- 
ward freely  but  there  seems  to  be  no 
great  surplus  on  the  market. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


British  Coal  Trade — Exports  of  fuel 
from  Great  Britain,  with  coal  sent  abroad 
for  use  of  steamships  in  foreign  -trade, 
six  months  ended  June  30,  long  tons: 


I'.io!!.  I'.iio.  t'liaugos 

:io.4-'i.i>'.'l  2'.i,s->:i.;i!>7  D.    .WH.-iWt 

oJd.iil'.J  4rj..">72  II.      III7.4'.IO 

7.Vi..VJ(l  TSN.nT  1.       :«.957 


Coal 

Cnke 

Biiqueta 

Tntnl  exports...  :)1,1.'.I7,2T3    »l,ir>4,140     D.     672.H27 
Stenmei-conl '.i,.-.:ts,'.i'.i.3     9.:»i.4f.li    D.     ifln.rk'H 


Total 41.2a«.2C.O    40,333,90tt    D.     882.300 

Imports  are  very  small;  only  2336  tons 
in  1909,  and  20.576  tons  this  year. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices— Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  July  9:  Best  Welsh  steam,  S4.02; 
seconds.  .S3.78;  thirds.  S3.60;  dry  coals. 
S3. 60;  best  Monmouthshire,  S3. 54;  sec- 
onds, S3.42;  best  steam  smalls,  S1.86; 
seconds.  SI. 62.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f,o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2' J  per  cent,  discount. 


192 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


S  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW   S 


New  York,  July  20 — As  was  foreshad- 
owed last  week,  some  price  reductions 
have  been  made  by  the  Steel  Corporation 
and  other  interests,  the  most  important 
being  on  wire  and  wire  products.  These 
reductions,  however,  are  more  nominal 
than  real,  as  they  had  been  practically 
made  already  through  general  shading  by 
most  of  the  independent  interests.  The 
market  is  really  stronger — not  weaker — 
through  a  formal  acknowledgment  of  the 
existing  facts.  Moreover,  the  level  of 
prices  is  not  low  enough  to  mean  losses, 
by  any  means. 

The  changes  have  already  resulted  in 
some  improvement  in  business,  and  orders 
are  coming  in  a  little  better  than  they 
have  been.  Structural  trade  sItows  a  vol- 
ume of  small  orders,  making  up  a  pretty 
good  total.  In  almost  all  lines  specifica- 
tions on  contracts  are  coming  in  quite 
freely,  and  most  mills  which  closed  for 
repairs  July   1   have  had  to  resume. 

Pig-iron  business  has  been  fair,  but  not 
heavy.  Foundrymen,  especially,  have 
fallen  into  the  habit  of  short  buying,  and 
apparently  they  are  not  ready  to  change 
this  yet.  Prices  are  a  little  uncertain  and 
depend  a  good  deal  on  the  needs  of 
sellers. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore — Shipments  of 
Lake  Superior  iron  ore  by  ports  are  re- 
ported by  the   Cleveland  Iron   Trade  Re- 
view as  follows,  for  the  season  to  July  1 : 
1909.  1910.        Changes. 

Escanaba l,l:W,->33      1.7.39,735    I.       i;(l7,502 

Mariiuette    flii.-ni      1,150,244    I.       7;io.ll20 

Ashland (U2.(124       1..51.5,.55.5    I.       9IKi,5:)l 

Superior I,4l4.r.77      2,032,835    I,    1,1(18,1.^ 

Duluth   3,184,725      5,097.262    I.    I,912,.i37 

Two  Harbors 1.88S,.5!0      2,782,627    I.       894.087 

Total 8,702.323    14,918,2.58    I.    f.,2lri,935 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  71.4 
per  cent. 


Baltimore 
July  18 — Exports  for  the  week  included 
901  tons  steel  rails  and  102  tons  angle- 
plates  to  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.  Imports 
included  7600  tons  manganese  ore  from 
Vizigapatam,  India;  10,050  tons  iron  ore 
from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 
July  11 — The  remarkable  part  of  the 
pig-iron  market  in  the  Southern  territory 
is  the  confidence  of  the  manufacturers  in 
the  future.  There  is  not  much  iron  sell- 
ing these  days  and  the  prices  are  almost 
as  low  as  they  have  been  in  several 
years.  No.  2  foundry  is  selling  on  all 
sides  in  the  South  at  $11.50  per  ton  and 
reports  are  current  that  even  a  lower 
price  prevails.  There  is  no  admission, 
however,  of  the  cheaper  iron  though  re- 
ports will  not  down  that  some  quantity 
of  iron  was  disposed  of  recently  at  SI  1.25 
per  ton.  Special-brand  irons  in  the  South- 
ern territory  are  commandinc  not  only  a 
fair  premium  over  the  published  quota- 
tions but  even   more.     For  instance,   the 


Alabama  Consolidated  Coal  and  Iron 
Company  is  able  to  sell  its  Clifton  iron 
at  more  than  SI. 50  per  ton  abcve  the 
published  quotations.  Basic  iron  is  also 
in  good  demand  though  the  production  is 
not  very  extensive.  The  pig-iron  selling 
now  is  in  small  lots  and  practically  for 
immediate  delivery.  Some  inquiries  are 
still  coming  in  for  iron  to  be  delivered 
the  last  quarter  of  the  year,  and  for  that 
delivery  $12  per  ton,  No.  2  foundry,  is 
being  asked  for  this  product  but  con- 
sumers are  holding  back. 

The  largest  consumers  in  the  home  ter- 
ritory are  the  cast-iron  pipe  makers  and 
they  have  plenty  of  business  on  hand 
and  more  in  sight.  There  is  no  change 
in  the  steel  situation. 


Chicago 

July  19 — Conditions  in  the  pig-iron 
market  are  not  noticeably  changed;  ap- 
parently summer  dullness  is  on  the  local 
trade,  not  to  be  lifted  until  autumn,  if 
then.  Sales  of  pig  iron  are  light  and 
scattering;  melters  are  buying  small  lots 
for  delivery  in  the  last  quarter  mainly, 
with  a  considerable  sprinkling  of  third- 
quarter  needs  to  be  supplied  from  day  to 
day.  For  1911,  many  inquiries  are  out, 
but  these  result  in  few  contracts  yet  and 
sellers  are  still  reluctant  to  make  as 
low  prices  on  first-quarter  deliveries  as 
on  third-  and  fourth-quarter  iron.  A  car- 
load up  to  500  or  600  tons  represents  the 
common  purchase  now.  Southern  No.  2 
foundry  brings  commonly  $11.50,  Bir- 
mingham ($15.85  Chicago)  with  gossip 
about  $11.25  being  made  on  tonnage  that 
is  quickly  taken,  and  some  iron  selling 
for  25  or  50c.  above  the  $11.50  mark, 
for  distant  deliveries.  Northern  iron  is 
languid  at  $16.50,  with  furnace  agents 
anxious  to  sell  and  melters  holding  off. 

The  tendency  to  go  slowly  in  all 
branches  of  the  iron  and  steel  trade  is 
marked  since  the  significance  of  the  fail- 
ure of  at  least  part  of  the  wheat  crop 
has  become  generally  understood.  Buy- 
ing is  noticeably  halted  and  the  recent 
cut  in  price  of  wire  goods  has  not 
brought  any  considerable  increase  of 
buying.  Coke  is  quiet,  the  market  be- 
ing firm  at  $5  for  the  best  Connellsville. 


Cleveland 

July  18 — The  docks  are  piling  up  ore, 
and  unless  blast  furnaces  take  ore  better 
than  they  have  been  doing  there  will 
soon  be  a  congestion. 

Pig  Iron — Not  much  business  has  been 
done.  Some  furnaces  are  offering  con- 
cessions, but  others  will  not  give  way. 
Quotations  for  Cleveland  delivery  are: 
Bessemer,  S 1 6.25 rr;  16.40;  No.  2  foundry, 
$14,25fr/  14,75,  but  S14  has  been  done  on 
at  least  one  order. 

Finished  Material — The  week  has  been 
pretty  quiet.  Structural  steel  is  more  ac- 
tive than  any  other  branch,  chiefly  on 
small  orders. 


Philadelphia 
July  19 — The  only  ripple  on  the  other- 
wise smooth  surface  of  the  pig-iron  mar- 
ket is  being  caused  by  the  offerings  of 
Southern  foundry  and  forge  iron  at 
prices  below  anything  heretofore  quoted. 
Soft  No.  2  foundry  has  been  offered  at 
S15.50,  gray  forge  at  S 1 4.50  <-'(  14.75. 
Northern  quotations  are  $15.25  for  gray 
forge.  There  is  very  little  business  and 
the  most  tempting  offers  have  not  re- 
sulted in  actual  orders.  It  is  believed  here 
that  Southern  iron  will  find  its  way  more 
freely  into  this  territory  during  early 
autumn.  A  few  encouraging  inquiries 
have  just  come  from  New  England  and 
New  York  sources  but  they  do  not  indi- 
cate immediate  business. 

Steel  Billets — Billets  have  weakened 
in  price  under  influences  in  outside  mar- 
kets and  even  at  the  reduction  no  busi- 
ness of  moment  is  to  be  reported. 

Bars — The  market  is  practically  dead 
a=;  to  business  both  at  mills  and  stores. 
Prices  are  firm  at  recent  quotations. 
Store  stocks  are  unusually  large  and  dis- 
tribution is  rather  slow. 

Sheets — .Ml  kinds  of  sheets  have  been 
shaded  in  price  and  quite  an  active  can- 
vass is  being  made  among  some  of  the 
larger  consumers  throughout  the  East  to 
secure  orders  for  the  rest  of  the  year. 
The  manufacturers  are  willing  to  make 
what  they  regard  as  being  necessary  con- 
cessions. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Orders  for  cast  pipe 
continue  to  come,  most  of  them  for  early 
delivery.  Merchant  pipe  dull.  Tubes 
are  quiet  and  consumers  are  using  up 
stock.  The  smaller  boiler  shops  are  less 
active;  the  locomotive  works  and  ship- 
yards are  crowded  as  usual. 

Plates — Plates  are  fractionally  weaker 
and  prices  here  have  been  made  to  cor- 
respond with  shadings  in  other  markets. 
No  new  orders  of  consequence  are 
spoken   of. 

Structural  Material — Only  small  or- 
ders are  going  to  the  mills  and  nothing 
of  importance  is  looked  for  until  late  in 
August.  Prices  can  be  shaded  as  mills 
are  not  running  full  capacity  and  there 
is  some  delay  shown  by  certain  large 
users  of  material  in  placing  orders. 

Scrap — Scrap  dealers  report  a  dull 
week  in  all  lines.  Holders  of  railroad 
scrap  are  refusing  offers. 


Pittsburg 

July  19 — While  the  iron  and  steel  mar- 
ket is  extremely  dull,  there  is  surprise 
on  all  hands  at  the  amount  of  material 
actually  being  made  and  shipped,  and 
the  general  situation  is  a  puzzle  to  the 
most  experienced  market  judges.  Produc- 
tion, on  the  whole,  has  declined  only 
about  15  per  cent,  from  the  high  point, 
early  in  the  year,  while  on  all  hands 
stocks  are  being  reduced,  whereas  in  the 
early  part  of  the  year  material  was  being 


July  23,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


193 


accumulated.  Thus  there  is  tangible  evi- 
dence that  tonnage  is  large,  larger  really 
than  in  any  previous  year,  and  naturally 
it  is  expected  that  it  will  be  still  larger 
in  September  and  October.  Prices,  how- 
ever, show  a  declining  rather  than  an  ad- 
vancing tendency  all  along  the  line,  and 
the  gap  of  about  20  per  cent,  between 
present  demand  and  productive  capacity 
appears  to  be  too  large  to  be  bridged, 
while  this  is  necessary  to  effect  any  sus- 
tained advance. 

On  July  14  the  American  Steel  and 
Wire  CoiTipany  began  quoting  plain  wire 
at  1.50c.,  base,  wire  nails  at  SI. 70,  Base, 
painted  barb  wire  at  1.70c.  and  galvan- 
ized barb  wire  at  2c.  This  was  in  recog- 
nition of  additional  cutting  by  indepen- 
dents. The  new  prices  are  $3  per  ton 
below  the  official  prices,  as  advanced  SI 
a  ton  Dec.  13,  last.  In  February,  general 
shading  of  SI  a  ton  began,  and  late  in 
June  this  was  increased  by  the  indepen- 
dents to  S2  a  ton,  so  that  the  new  prices 
are  only  SI  a  ton  below  those  of  a  fort- 
night ago.  Jobbers  are  expected  to  buy 
for  the  fall  trade  at  the  new  prices,  but 
on  account  of  prospective  large  additions 
to  capacity  by  the  entrance  in  the  next 
few  months  of  the  Cambria  Steel  Com- 
pany and  the  Jones  &  Laughlin  Steel 
Company  into  the  wire  trade,  buyers  are 
not  all  convinced  that  the  new  prices  will 
represent  the  low  point.  A  similar  recog- 
nition of  shading  by  independent  inter- 
ests is  expected  in  the  sheet  trade,  but 
thus  far  the  American  Sheet  and  Tin 
Plate  Company  has  made  no  official  re- 
duction. 

Pig  Iron — Clinton  furnace,  Pittsburg, 
the  only  merchant  furnace  in  Allegheny 
county,  blew  in  Saturday,  having  sold 
all  the  iron  in  its  yard  and  having  accu- 
mulated a  good  tonnage  of  orders.  The 
position  of  the  Valley  furnaces  is  the 
same  as  reported  last  week,  1 1  out  of 
21  merchant  stacks  being  in  operation. 
The  market  continues  extremely  quiet. 
The  inquiry  of  the  Andrews  Steel  Com- 
pany. Newport,  Ky.,  for  5000  tons  basic 
and  3000  to  3500  tons  bessemer.  for 
August-December  delivery,  has  not  been 
acted  upon  yet.  Some  quotations  could 
probably  be  shaded  on  attractive  busi- 
ness, particularly  the  SI4.75  quotation  on 
basic,  the  quotable  market  remaining  as 
follows,  at  Valley  furnaces.  00c.  higher 
at  Pittsburg:  Bessemer,  SI5.50;  basic, 
SI4.75:  No.  2  foundry.  S14.50;  forge, 
SI3.75;  malleable,  SIS  per  ton. 

FerromanRancse— The  market  is  dull, 
with  prices  unchanged  at  S39r„30..S0  for 
prompt  and  .'^v^O.SOrt/ 40  for  forward  de- 
livery, f.o.h.  Baltimore,  freight  to  Pitts- 
burg being  SI. 95  per  ton. 

S/ce/— Billets  are  slightly  easier  on  ac- 
count of  occasional  offerings  in  a  non- 
receptive  market.  Bessemer  billets  can 
sometimes  be  had  at  a  shade  under  S25. 
Pittsburg,  and  we  quote  bessemer  billets 
at  S25.  sheet  bars  at  S26.  open-hearth  bil- 


lets at  526^^^(26.50,  sheet  bars  at  $21(a 
27.50  and  rods  at  S29r</30.  The  Carnegie 
Steel  Company  this  week  started  rolling 
open-hearth  rails  at  the  Ohio  works, 
Youngstown,  C,  thus  reducing  the  out- 
put of  billets  and  sheet  bars  at  the  mill, 
one  side  of  which  is  interchangeable. 
These  are  the  first  open-hearth  rails  to  be 
rolled  at  the  plant,  and  are  for  an  export 
order. 

Sheets — Shading  in  sheets  is  slightly 
more  pronounced,  frequently  reaching  S3 
a  ton  on  black  and  S4  on  galvanized, 
with  similar  concessions  on  corrugated 
roofing.  Blue  annealed  sheets  are  well 
held,  as  are  the  various  special  finishes. 
Regular  prices,  which  are  shaded  more 
or  less,  remain  at  2.40c.  for  black  sheets. 
3.5()c.  for  galvanized,  SI. 70  for  painted 
corrugated  roofing,  S3  for  galvanized 
roofing  and.  1.75c.  for  blue  annealed. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


IXITEn     ST.VTK.S     (iol.l)     AND     SII.VKI!     MOVEMENT 


St.  Louis 

July  18 — A  slight  improvement  has 
been  shown  in  pig  iron  this  week.  A 
number  of  inquiries  have  been  received 
and  a  few  fair-sized  contracts  have 
been  closed.  The  price  of  S12  per  ton 
Birmingham  or  $15  St.  Louis  seems  to 
be  the  prevailing  one. 


22  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE   s 


British  Iron  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  iron  and  steel  and  of  machinery 
in  Great  Britain,  five  months  ended  May 
31,  are  valued  by  the  Board  of  Trade 
returns  as  follows: 

Exports.     Imports.         Eicoss. 
Iron  nndHte«l  £17, li.sn. 7.10  £  3.fi07.."i7s  Ex.  £H.04:t,l.v> 
Maolllnory...     11,015,705       1,897,025  Ex.       9.71H.OK0 
Nt!W  ships 3,845,616        Ex.      3,m.">.515 


Total £3.3.111,950  £  5,505,203  Ex.  £27,006,747 

Total,  1908. .     29.622.786       5,091,639  Ex,    24,531,147 

Increase  in  exports,  £3,489,164,  or  11.8 
per  cent.;  increase  in  imports,  £413,564, 
or  8.1  per  cent.  The  quantities  of  iron 
and   steel   were,   in   long   tons: 

1909.  1910.       Changes. 

Exports 1,051,440     1,914.143      I.    202.703 

Imports 400,792        514.481      I.      8;).G89 

Imports  of  scrap  iron  and  steel,  not 
included  above,,  were  6001  tons  in  1909, 
and  25,556  in  1910;  exports  were  67,106 
tons  in  1909  and  82,418  this  year. 


Jll  METAL- MARKETS   0 


New  York,  July  20 — The  metal  mar- 
kets generally  are  still  quiet,  with  no 
marked  changes  from  the  preceding 
week.  Prices  are  not  firm,  except  in  one 
or  two  minor  lines. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  I  to  July  7,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell: 

1909.  1910.           Oliangroa. 

Indlft £3,186,6(10  £.1,212,000  I.   £     KAOO 

China l.lM,ino  1,113,600  D.          41.600 

Sirnlts 8-2,800  D.  83,800 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

JlUlK  1910.. 

$1  ..198,347 

$  4,575.917 

Inip.$  2,977,570 

"      1909.. 

8,340.440 

2.307.735 

Exp.      5,978.711 

Yi'ar  1910.. 

49.510.731 

19.:«g,531 

30,128.200 

•■      1909.. 

03.834.337 

20.138.592 

43,098,746 

Silvrr: 

Juno  1910.. 

4..';87,383 

3..308,171 

Exp.      1.279,212 

■•       1909.. 

5,.'>OS.037 

4. 3.39,275 

1.105.702 

Vi-ar  1910.. 

27.ll.'i4.218 

21,901..VJ0 

5.152.098 

••      1909.. 

29,»59.000 

22.872,028 

0,487,038 

ICxports   from    the  port   of   .New   York,    week 

led    .Iiil.v    Hi  ;    liold,    .i;:ii;,4IHi    silver,    $S;{'.i.- 

!H7.  <liielly  to  I^ondon.  Imports:  Cold. 
•fllii.i;"",  from  South  Amerku  and  .Inpan  ; 
sUvi-r.    .'?:i:i.04:!.    prin.lpally    from    .Mexlro. 


Gold — Some  pressure  for  supplies 
from  Germany,  and  the  prospect  of  fur- 
ther demand  from  New  York  advanced 
the  price  of  gold  on  the  open  market  in 
London  '.d. ;  77s.  9' id.  per  oz.  being 
quoted  for  bars  and  76s.  S'/.d.  per  oz. 
for  American  coin. 

Platinum — Business  is  quiet,  but  prices 
are  unchanged.  Dealers  quote  S33  per 
oz.  for  refined  platinum  and  S37.50fr(38 
per  oz.  for  hard  metal. 


SILVER    ANI] 

STERLING 

EXCH.IXCE 

July. 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

20 

Now  York....     54 >i 

Lonilon 25!j 

Sterling  Ex..  4.8540 

54  « 

25  >i 

4.8525 

54K 

25A 

4.8545 

54X      MH 

25}4      25A 

4.8545  4.8540 

64^ 

25M 

4.8,565 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterlin;; 
silver,  iLlilTi   fine. 


Silver — The  price  of  spot  silver  has 
been  quite  firmly  maintained  at  a  figure 
about  "Id.  over  that  of  metal  for  deliv- 
ery in  60  days.  This  difference  seems 
too  wide  to  continue  a  great  length  of 
time. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Leod. 

Zinc. 

J5 

="^: 

o 

^^ 

..a 

a 

3 

as 

w3 

1? 

c  i 

u 

i 

3  5- 

«5 

12"; 

12 

4.40 

4.25 

4.95 

14 

®12'. 

ffll2'i 

53A 

S2fi 

©4.42J  ©4.30 

©3.00 

12>i 

12 

4.411  ■     4.25 

4.95 

15 

®12K 

012>i 

63?.' 

32« 

(S>4.42J  ',rt.30 

©5.00 

12'. 

12 

4.40  1     4. 25 

4.95 

10 

(S12>4 

©1J>, 

.... 

S2X 

ffi>4,42j  rS)4.30  ©5,00 

12'. 

12 

4.40        4.271,     4.95 
|S)4.45    fa)4.32i®6.00 

18 

(S)12»4 

®12ii 

63X 

32X 

12>, 

12 

4.4(1        4.27  *     4.95 

19 

012  ». 

ffll2« 

63X 

32)K 

®4.45    rn)4.32   (SKOO 

12", 

12 

4.40        4.27J'     4.95 
(S)4.46    rn)4.:t2jlS)6.00 

20 

(S)12f, 

(rl)Vi>i 

63H 

32J4 

Total. 


£4.*Jl.r,no      £4,3ai5.500    D.    £      90.000 


l.oiKldii  ((tiotntlons  aro  per  lonjr  ton  CilMO 
lb.)  sliUHliinl  copper.  Tho  Now  York  tiiiolii- 
tiniiH  Tur  cliH'trnlytlc  t-oppcr  an'  for  rakes. 
Ingots  ami  winOmrs.  nn<I  r*'pi'<*s''nt  llu-  Imlk 
of  tilt'  transtu-tlons  iimdo  wirli  consirnors. 
liasis  NVw  Yitrk,  cash.  The  prices  of  casting; 
coiijx^r  and  of  olpclrnlyllr  cathodes  are 
tisnnlly  O.Tjr»c.  helnw  that  nf  electrolytic. 
The  qiiotathms  fnr  lead  represent  wholesale 
transactions  In  the  ni)en  market.  The  (piotn- 
tlons  on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  Western 
hrands :   special   brands   cnmniand  n   preniinin. 


194 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  23.  1910. 


Copper— During  the  latter  part  of  last 
week,  fair  purchases  were  made  both  by 
European  and  domestic  consumers  at  the 
lower  values  established.  Since  the  be- 
ginning of  this  week,  however,  the  weak 
London  market  has  scared  off  buyers  and 
in  consequence  the  market  ruled  very 
quiet.  It  closes  with  Lake  Copper  at 
\2HCi  123^c.,  and  electrolytic  copper  in 
cakes,  wirebars  and  ingots  at  \2r,i  12'4C. 
Casting  copper  is  nominally  quoted  at 
ll-s''((12i^    cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  18f/r  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per   wire    is    14c.    base,    carload    lots    at 

mill. 

The  London  market,  which  up  to  the 
beginning  of  this  week  has  been  rather 
firm,  was  again  depressed  by  large  bear 
selling,  declining  y  ster^ay  to  £53  6s.  3d. 
for  spot,  and  £54  for  three  months.  The 
close  is  cabled  as  firmer  at  £53  16s.  3d. 
for  spot,  and  £54  8s.  9d.  for  three 
months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
quote:  English  tough.  £56:  best  selected. 
£57  15s.  r,i  £58  5s.;  strong  sheets,  £65f?i 
£66  per  ton. 

Stocks  of  copper  in  England  and 
France  on  July  15— including  10.080  tons 
afloat  from  Chile  and  .■\ustralia  are 
given  at  102.670  tons;  a  decrease  of 
1300  tons  from  the  July   1   report. 

Tin London  speculators  are  still  dis- 
inclined to  operate  more  largely  in  the 
market.  The  bearish  element  has  be- 
come rather  cautious  in  view  of  the  re- 
ported decrease  in  the  Straits  production, 
while  the  bull  party  seems  to  be  content 
with  keeping  the  market  steady.  The 
close  is  cabled  at  £148  10s.  for  spot,  and 
£149    12s.  6d.   for  three  months. 

Some  excitement  was  created  in  the 
domestic  market  when  it  became  known 
the  end  of  last  week  that  the  steamer 
expected  to  sail  last  Saturday  from  Lon- 
don to  New  York  had  been  withdrawn. 
This  was  the  last  sailing  from  England 
to  make  delivery  in  New  York.  This  cre- 
ated a  buying  movement  for  spot  and 
July  delivery  in  order  to  cover  shorts, 
and  large  premiums  were  paid.  At  the 
close,  both  spot  and  July  tin  are  at  a 
premium  of  about  25c.  per  100  lb.,  while 
futures  can  be  bought   for  32  cents. 

Tin  production  of  Federated  Malay 
States,  six  months  ended  June  .30.  W3S 
22,929  long  tons  in  1909,  and  20.968  in 
1910;  decrease,  1961  tons. 

Lead — A  good  demand  has  developed 
for  spot  and  near-by  shipment  at  steadily 
advancing  prices.  The  market  closes  at 
4.27 ''■''a  4.32 '<c.  St.  Louis,  and  4AO0i 
4.45c.  New  York. 

The  London  market  remains  very  quiet, 
and  quotations  are  unchanged  at  £12  lis. 
9d.  for  English. 

Spelter— ^o  change  is  to  be  reported  in 
this  market,  where  business  is  confined 
to  small  buying  for  prompt  shipment  on 


the  part  of  consumers.  The  closing  quo- 
tations are  unchanged  at  4.95'i/5c.  St. 
Louis,  and  S.lO^.i  5.15c.  New  York. 

New  York  quotations  for  spelter.  July 
14-21,  inclusive,  were  5.10'<(5.15  cents. 

While  the  London  market  has  retained 
its  firmer  tone,  business  has  not  been 
very  large  at  the  higher  prices,  and  quo- 
tations are  unchanged  at  £22  7s.  6d.  for 
good  ordinaries,  and  £22  12s.  6d.  for  spe- 
cials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,   discount. 


exports  of  foreign  material.  Of  the  im- 
ports in  1910,  the  United  States  furnished 
in  all  100  tons  copper  matte,  19.120  tons 
fine  copper,  and  13.780  tons  lead.  This 
lead  was  chiefly  Mexican,  refined  in  this 
country. 


id  Lead    Ore    Markets 


Z.mc   an 

Plaitcsville,  Wis..  July  16— The  high- 
est price  paid  this  wek  for  zinc  ore  was 
S41.50  per  ton;  the  base  price,  60  per 
cent,  zinc,  was  S40  per  ton.  The  base 
price  paid  for  lead  ore  was  S48'i>50  per 
ton. 


Other  Metals 

.4/u/7!//ium— The  market  is  quieter  and 
prices  are  off  a  little.  Quotations  are 
23c.  per  lb.  for  No.  1  ingots.  New  York 
delivery.  The  foreign  market  is  also  eas- 
ier than  it  has  been. 

Antimony — The  market  remains  quiet, 
with  only  a  retail  business  doing.  There 
is  no  material  change  in  prices.  Cook- 
son's  is  quoted  at  8.15';(8.20c.  per  lb. 
Other  prices  are  7"sfr(8c.  for  U.  S.;  75<J 
i'f(7'jc.   for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  is  only  fair,  and 
prices  are  unchanged.  New  York  quo- 
tations are  S47  per  flask  for  75  lb.  for 
large  orders;  S48''/ 49  for  iobbing  lots. 
San  Francisco,  S46''' 46.50  for  domestic 
orders  and  $2  less  for  export.  The  Lon- 
don price  is  £8  15s.  per  flask,  with  £8  12.-. 
6d.  quoted  '.y  jobbers. 

i^ickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40^"  4.Sc.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-Ib. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  S1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Ccrfmium— Current  quotations  are  60 
rcHQc.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York;  according  to  quality  of  metal. 

British  Metal  Imports  and    Exports 

Imports  and  exports  of  metals  in  Great 
Britain,  six  months  ended  June  30.  fig- 
ures in  long  tons,  except  quicksilver, 
which   is   in  pounds: 

Imports.  Exports.  Excess. 

ii.'.,40;i  39.2i'.s  Imp.      2ii.i:i.'> 

7;!.7I>(1  :W.21!)  Imp.       41,.541 

•J(I..)K8  21.4:«  Exp.              S.iO 

19.472  M.-MT  Exp.            M.'> 

11)4, 12"  -U.lT.i  Imp.       7'.l.:t47 

10'.l.:l'.l',l  24.2.54  Imp.       K.n.l4r> 

(iii,H(i2  4.ii;^4  Imp.      ."iii.nw 

."vl.JIKl  3.401  Imp.        '10.74:1 

3.(143,1111-1  004,731  Imp.  2.438,284 

2,913,487  479,052  Imp.  2.433.836 


SHU'MKNTS.   WKEK    KXDEIi   .HI.Y    Hi 
Camps. 


Ziuc 
ore,  lb. 

Plattevillo 038.370 

Galena 572,245 

Highland 245,600 

CuhaClty n0,8.-i() 

Benton S;t.960 

Livingston 

Sliullsbuvg 


Lead     Sulphu 
ore,  lb.    ore,  llj. 


211.810       133.530 


3.1.CKIII 
02.IK10 


Total 1,711,006 

Year  to  date 44,332,246 


308,810       419,730 
3,970,519  11.0.56,245 


Shipped  to  separating  plants,  2,867,770 
lb.  zinc  concentrates,  during  the  week, 

Joplin,  Mo.,  July  16— The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  S44  per 
ton;  the  base  on  the  highest-grade  ores 
remained  at  S41,  but  on  second  to  third 
grades  it  dropped  to  .S39  and  ?38  per  ton 
of  60  per  cent.   zinc.     Zinc   silicate  sold 


SlIll'MRXTS.   WEKK   EXUEP   .ITl.Y   Ifi. 


'Ziiie,  111 


Webb  City-CarterTille 

Joplin 

Duenweg 

.\lba-Xeek 

Miami 

Galena 

Spiirgeon 

Aurora 

Badger  

Sarcoxie  

Cave  Springs 

Carl  .Tunction 

Carthage 

Oronogo 

Greenfield. 


Totals  ... 


3.012, 

1.794, 

1,00(5 

844 

377, 

412 

370 

323 

235 

105 

14.8 

138, 

123 

02 

03 


9.710,Oi( 


Lead  lb. 

l.lH12,9r>0 
314,01X1 
127,020 

251,990 
.52,070 
3:1,200 


4.890 


Value. 


65.410 


1,852,200 


$93,217 

43.501 

21.722 

Isil.iG 

9,884 

O.OfiS 

5,708 

4.908 

4.823 

3,310 

2,935 

2,881 

2,596 

2.580 

639 


$226,588 


29  weeks 317..i9i;..s70  47..->40.77(l    $7.."i27,548 

Zin.-  value    the  week,  $181,480;    29  weeks.  $0,301,680 
Leail  value,  the  week.     45,108;    29  weeks.    l,22.i.9C» 

■\IONTin.Y   .WER.VCE   I'ltit'ES. 


Metals  ; 
Copper,  long  tons 

Copper.  1909 

Tin.  long  tons  — 

Tin,  1909 

Lead,  long  tons. , 

Lead.  1909  ... 
Spelter.  I'g  tons. . 

Spelter.  1909.... 
Oulcksilvor.  lb... 

Quicksilver.  '09 

Ores: 
Tin  ore  and  con. 
Tin  ole.  1909.., 

Pvrltes 

■pvrltes.  1909... 


13,;)(r2  Imp,  13,302 

12,049  lm|i.  12.049 

;(95.213  Imp.  395.213 

383, .'107  Imp.  383,.ill" 


ZIXC  OBE.                 1  LEAD  DUE. 

Month. 

Base  Price. 

All  Ores, 

.\U  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910.  '  1909. 

1910. 

$41, -25 

$47,31 

$38.46 

$45.16  $.52.17 

»51..99 

30  "14 

40,09 

;i4.;t7 

;i9  47    50  .50 

Mai'ch 

;)7,40 

43.60 

:!4.71 

39.71    50.82 

51  26 

April 

Mov 

38.6:1 

41.00 

;i7,oi 

39.33    .55.03 

40,06 

40.19 

37,42 

37.51    .56.59 

48.16 

Juiie 

44,15 

40.20 

40.35 

;i7.8S'  57. .52 

48.80 

Julv 

43.  (»i 

41,111 i  .53,74 

48.25 

44, ,54' 1  .57  60 

September  . , 

47,70 

44,87  

.56,11 

Oetoljer 

49,. 5U 

45.75  

51,31 

48,29 

December. .. 

49.45 

47.67  

.55,26 

Year 

$43,98 

$41.20 

1    . 

1 

$54.60 

rirst    two    col- 
per    cent,    zinc 


Copper  totals  include  metallic  contents 
of   ore    and    matte.      Exports   include    re- 


NiiTE — I'nder    /.inc    ore    the 
umns   give   liase   lu-ices    for   CO    . 
ore:   the  second   two   the  average   for  all   ores 
sold.      1  cjid    ore    prices    ai'C    the    average    f(U- 
nil    ore«    -'Vl. 


July  23,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


195 


at  S20'ii22  per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc. 
The  average  price,  all  grades  of  zinc,  is 
$37.36.  Lead  ore  continues  at  a  fixed, 
unchanged  and  apparently  unchangeable 
price  of  S49  per  ton,  with  the  usual  de- 
ductions of  .'>1  per  ton  for  each  1  percent. 
under  80  per  cent,  grade.  The  average 
price,  all  grades  of  lead,  is  S48.68  per 
ton. 

This  is  another  week  of  shipment  below 
an  average,  and  tl:e  stock  in  bins  will 
show  a  slight  increase,  even  though  the 
output  is  also  below  an  average.  A  strike 
among  miners  at  Webb  City  was  reported 
tonight  at  a  late  hour,  but  lacked  con- 
firmation. Endless  talk  and  reports  in 
local  papers  about  new  production  being 
inaugurated  bear  fruit  slowly,  and  it 
comes  only  to  take  the  place  of  something 
closed  down  in  another  part  of  the  dis- 
trict. 


Other  Ore   Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent. 
Iron  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
$4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
of  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quality  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  or  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  S3''('(3.,50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be   given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  40  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Zinc  Ore — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende, 
delivered  at  Kansas  smelting  points,  the 
current  price  is  for  the  zinc  content,  less 
eight  units,  at  the  St.  Louis  price  for 
spelter,  less  S\4oi  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore, 
according  to  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content.  See  also  .Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
lli'll'jc.  per  unit,  delivered  at  east- 
em  acid  works;  fines,  10i4r,(  He.  Pyrites 
containing  arsenic  realize  from  '^(fiVAc. 
^•T  unit  less. 

rungsten  Ore— Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  S^d.SO'iil  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  for  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungstea  trioxide.  For  schcel- 
ile  ores,  50c. Oi  1.50  per  unit  less. 


CHEM ICALS 


I  New  York.  July  20— The  general  mar- 
ket remains  quiet,  with  only  the  usual 
Ismail  summer  business  forward. 


Copper  Sulphates — On  a  moderate 
business  prices  are  unchanged,  at  .S4  per 
U)0  lb.  for  carload  lots  and  S4.25  per 
100   lb.    for   smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — Trade  is  again  reported  as 
improving,  with  fair  buying  by  manu- 
facturers. Sales  for  the  week  amounted 
to  300  tons  for  immediate  delivery  and 
300  tons  on  forward  contracts.  Prices 
are  again  a  shade  firmer  at  S2.25ri(  2.40 
per   100  lb.   for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  is  quiet,  as 
usual  at  this  season,  but  prices  are  firm 
at  2.10c.  per  lb.  for  both  spot  lots  and 
future   deliveries. 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia — United  States 
Consul-General  Richard  Guenther,  of 
Frankfort,  reports  that  the  consumption 
of  s'l.lphate  of  ammonia  by  the  German 
farmers  increased  from  284,000  metric 
tons  in  1908  to  330,000  in  1909.  The 
consumption  of  Chile  saltpeter  was  about 
450,000  metric  tons.  Statistics  show  that 
Germany  consumes  its  entire  sulphate  pro- 
duction of  322,700  tons  at  home,  Eng- 
land produces  348,000  tons,  while  the 
United  States,  in  spite  of  its  extensive 
use  of  coke  as  fuel,  produces  only  9000 
tons. 


Petrole 


Exports  of  mineral  oils  from  the  United 
States,  six  months  ended  June  30,  in 
gallons: 


cnnh-  iK'troloum 

N.-.pliiliiis 

llliiiiiiiiatinc;  oil 

Lilltiicatlng  and  paraffin.. 


I'.lOfl. 

72,3(;n.3M 

37.1'.I5,8(;5 

.'">iy7.451,364 

70.(H)O,148 


I'.IIO. 

04,lS5,2fiH 

43,442,880 

405,423,i;2() 

18,440.617 


Kcsldlium 52.097.'.I85  53.701,298 

Total 739.209.740  705.193,083 

The  total  decrease  this  year  was  34,- 
016,063  gal.,  or  4.6  per  cent. 


6<.   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York.  July  20 — While  some  meas- 
ure of  improvement  was  visible  in  the 
general  stock  markets  for  one  or  two 
days,  the  general  tendency  has  not  been 
to  advance,  but  rather  to  recede,  sales  be- 
ing rather  light  and  the  general  feeling 
one  of  depression.  There  is  not  much 
outside  interest  in  the  market,  which  is 
still  chiefly  professional. 

The  Curb  has  been  quiet  and  reflective 
rather  than  an  active  market.  Copper 
shares  were  weak  and  inclined  to  recede 
slightly  on  small  trading.  There  was  no 
considerable  buying  demand  and  sales 
were  rather  pressed;  but  the  selling 
movement  was  also  moderate.  Cobalt 
stocks  were  rather  irregular,  but  showed 
more  strength  than  coppers.  The  gold 
stocks   were   not   active. 

liostnn.  July  19 — Copper  shares  are  at 
a  standstill  and  outside  of  Lake  coper 
there  is  little  of  interest  in  the  market. 
This  specialty  broke  to  S28.50  a  few  days 
ago,  although  it  is  now  around  S3I.  A 
statement    made    by    one    of    the    newly 


elected  directors  recently  is  considered 
significant.  He  refers  to  it  as  a  pros- 
pect, though,  perhaps,  an  unusually  good 
one.  In  conclusion,  he  adds:  "Although 
market  exigencies  may,  temporarily,  force 
a  somewhat  lower  figure,  yet,  somewhere 
around  these  prices.  Lake  should  prove 
a  very  fair  speculation." 

The  plan  of  the  new  Lake  management 
is  said  to  be  to  discontinue  rock  ship- 
ments and  devote  energies  to  opening  up 
and  extending  the  development  of  the 
property  to  prepare  for  a  large  and  con- 
tinuous   production.     The    company    has 

COl'I't'.U    I'KODfl'TlOX    UKI'OUTS. 

Coplicr   rontcnts  of  Mi-^tor  coiiixt.    in   pounds. 


Company. 


.\rl7,oiia.  Ltd 

Balaklala 

Boli-o  (Moxico) 

Copper  Qvioen 

Caliiiiet  *  .\rf/. 

Ca:tanfa  (Mexico). . 

IK'troil 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con.  (Est.). 

old  Dominion 

shannon 

Snperlor  &  Pltt.s... . 
Utah  <^»i>por  Co. , . . 

Hiitto  Dtsttrlct 

Lake  Superior 

Total  production 
Imports,  hars,  otc. 
I  ruit.  in  oro  &  matte 


April. 


2.340,000 
l.IU9,311 
2.777,80(1 
9.'.I>0.000' 
2.4iH),(HI0 
4.262.IH](] 
1, '.130.0(10 
800.000 
5,5(.  1,000 
2,325,000 
1.28K,IKH) 
2,130  000 
7,9(f2.643 
25,(KH),(KX) 
10,2BU,(MKI 


May. 


80  934.7.54 
21.180,396 
12,.527.371 

120.642.521 


2,610,000 

1,148,' 

2,735,080 

10,283,855 

1,778,(XXI 

4.300.000 

2.035,639 

7(XI,000 

5.500,000 

2.174,000 

1,326.(R)0 

2,276,IKHI 

8,802,900 

24,850  U(X) 

19,2.')0,000 


89,830,836 

24,8.50,919 

6,487,243 


June. 


2.802,000 
1.226,000 
2,115,314 


2,4911,0  X) 
4,280.UUU 

"Vob.ooo 

5.400,000 
2.092,000 


18,000,000 


Kntle  districi  iind  Lake  Superior  (ijjnres  are 
ostlmaled;  ollieis  are  re]>orts  reii'lved  from 
companie.s.  Iniporls  duplieati'  production  of 
•  'annnea.  and  that  pari  of  Copper  Queen  pro- 
diielion  wliieli  eonies  from  .\aoozari.  Koleo 
(•o])|ier  doi's  not  rome  lo  .\nu'ripan  refiners, 
ftali  Copper  report  includes  ihe  output  of 
Ihe   Boston    mill. 


ST.VTiSTirs  OK  rniM'KU. 


Month. 

TTnlted 

stales 

Product'u. 

Deliveries. 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
tor  Export. 

Vll,  1909 

VIII... 

118,277,r>03 
120.697,234 
118,023,139 
124.0.57.7O9 
121,018.309 
117,828,655 

75.620.08.1 
.59,614,207 
52,105.955 
06,3.59,617 
60,8.57.873 
l!9,519.5Ul 

75,018.974 
48,382,704 
50,077,777 
.'56,201.238 
.55.266.696 
59,546.670 

IX 

X 

XI 

XII 

Year 

1 ,405,4(n,0.'iO 

705.051,591 

680,942.620 

1. 1910 

II  

116,547,287 
112,712.493 
120,007.407 
117,477.039 
123,242,476 
127,219.188 

78.168,387 
Wi.Ol  8,322 
•  02.844.818 
07.985.951 
.59.305.222 
58,363,196 

81,691.87a 
37.369,618 
40..585,767 
31  3:12,434 
45,495,400 
65.895.948 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

On  Hod 
Slates. 

Europe. 

Total. 

VII,  1909 

VIII 

IX 

X 

\I 

154,858,001 
123,596,607 
1;I5,I90,930 
151,472,772 
l.'>;l..'i(  19,020 
I5:t.ll<n.627 
141.700.111 

98.4i;;t.33;i 
107.187.U'.rj 
li),824.874 
141.984,l.V.l 
100.425.973 
168.^186.017 

160.928,960 
171.492,160 

197.993,(;(K1 
2111,224  ,(N10 
2'.'2,.5rK1.4(«P 
2:10,857.600 
244,204,8(«l 
248,230,81*1 
25I.150,4(HI 
J49,(;25,l'J«l 
210.870.4(«l 
239.142.400 
232,892,800 

:)06,787.021 
294,088.767 

:i:h,19o,530 

:t01, 690.77!! 
:I70.076.026 
:««1,861.127 
:l85.970,9n 
:)40.7OO,139 
:i01  .;t«,39a 
:i73.460,474 
:t88.8.54.689 
;«l9.,5f«.378 
401.278,817 

XII    

1.   1910 

II 

Ill 

IV 

V 

vi...; 

VII 

l'li.'un>s  are  in  pounds  of  line  copner.  I'  R 
producllon  Includes  all  copper  rellned  in  this 
counlry.  Imih  fnun  domestic  and  imp(Mted 
material.  VUllde  slocks  are  those  rep(uted 
on  Ihe  tlrsl  dav  of  each  monlli,  as  hrougbt 
over  from   the  precedlni;   month. 


196 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  23,  1910. 


about  SI 75,000  cash  and  over  10,000 
shares  of  stock  in  its  treasury. 

Calumet  &  Hecia  has  recovered  from 
its  low  of  S500  and,  in  fact,  there  is  less 
pressure  throughout  the  mining  share  list 
than  for  some  time,  although  fresh  weak 
spots  crop  out  from  time  to  time,  notwith- 
standing the  fact  that  copper  shares  have 
been  pretty  thoroughly  liquidated. 

The  decline  in  Lake  stock  caused  re- 
cession in  Indiana  and  North  Lake,  but 
substantial  recoveries  followed.  Declara- 
tion of  the  regular  Mohawk  dividend  is 
reassuring  as  the  money  was  earned.  Lo- 
cal brokers  think  that  Amalgamated  has 
better  market  action  and  note  that  there 
is  quite  a  fair  borrowing  demand. 

Curb  prices  have  been  heavy  in  the 
main,  although  the  better  class  of  stocks 
hold  moderately  well.  Calaveras  contin- 
ues the   strongest   Curb   feature. 

Assessiiifiif  s 


TIN   AT    NEW    YOliK 


SAX   FRANCISCO. 


.luly   10. 


Company. 

|Delinq. 

Sale. 

Amt. 

Alpha  C.U.,  Nev 

.IJuly  30 

Aug.  24 

$0.05 

Alta.  Nov 

.  July    4 

July  29 

0.03 

Amador.  Ida 

.  Feb.  24 

June  30 

0.01 

BelcluT,  Nev 

.  July    4 

July  29 

0.10 

Black  Jack.  Utah 

.  Aug.  IG 

0,01 

Chollar,  Nev 

.July    3 

July  29 

0.10 

Copper  King,  Ida 

.  July  30 

0.01 

.  June  26 
.  Sept. 

July  20 

0.10 

Davis-Daly,  Mont 

O.50 

Gould  4:  Curry.  Nev 

.  July  17 

Aug.  10 

0.10 

Hancock  Con,,  Mich 

.  Au.Oct. 

3.00 

Ju.'iti.-f.Nev 

.  June  25 

July  19 

0.03 

Kin},'  Philip  Copper,  Mich. 

.  lAug.     9 

1.00 

La  Palma,  Cal 

.'Juno  10 

July  25 

0.10 

Lower  JIammoth,  Utah 

.Aug.  15 

0.05 

Mav  Dav,  Utah 

.  July  15 

0.02 

Mexican .  Nev   

.IJuly  23 

Aug.  17 

0.20 

Ophir,  Nev 

.  July    4 

Aug.     2 

0.25 

Raven ,  Mich 

.  Aug.  15 

0.10 

Reindeer.  Ida 

.  iMay  31 

Aug.     1 

o.ooi 

Silver  Hill,  Nev 

.  July  27 

Aug.  22 

0.05 

Winona,  Mich 

.Aug.     9 

1.00 

Monthly  Avernjare  Prices  of  Metals 

sn.vF.n 


Month, 

New  York. 

Loudon. 

1909.    1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

FebruaiT 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

51.750 
.51.472 
.50.4IS8 
51.428 
.52.905 
52. MR 
51.043 
51  125 

52.375 
51.534 
51.454 
53.221 
53.870 
53.462 

23.843 
23.706 
23.227 
23.708 
24.343 
24.166 
23.519 
23.588 
23.743 
23.502 
23.351 
24.030 

24.154 
23.794 
23.690 
24.483 
24.797 
24.651 

51  440 

Oct!  .ber 

November 

December 

50  923 
50.703 
.52.226 

51.502  

23.706 

Xpsv    York,    cents    per    fine    ounce :    London. 
pence    ppr    stnndard    c^unce. 


rnr\ 

ER. 

New  Yokk, 

London, 

Electrolytic 

Lake, 

191  Kl. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

13,893 

13.620 

14.280 

13.870 

61.198 

60.923 

fet)ruary., . . 

12,9J9 

13  3:)2'13  295 

13.719 

.-.7.688 

,59.388 

Marcli 

12.387 

13  255  12,K26'l3  586 

.56.231 

.59.214 

Apill 

12. 56! 

12  733|I2  93;  13  091 

.57.363 

57.238 

May 

12 ,  893 

rj.'i.'.O  13  238  12.8,'i5 

.59.338 

56.313 

June 

13.214 

12.404  13  548  12.798 

.59.627 

65.310 

July 

12 . 880 

,13.363 

58.5.56 

AUgU.Ht 

13.(H)7 

13.296 

59.393 

September  . . 

12  870 

13.210 

59.021 

Octiibftr 

12.700 

13.03(1 

57. ,551 

Nf>veniber.. . 

13  125 

IS.SiJi 

58.917 

December. .. 

13.298 

113.047 

B9.90C 

Tear 

12.982 

13.335 

08.732 

New  Yoi'U,  cents  per  pound.  KlertrOlytlc  ia 
for  c.ikes,  ingots  or  wlrebais.  London,  pounds 
.sterling,   per   long  (on,   sl.Todiird  copper. 


Month, 


January . . 
FebruaiT  • 

March 

.\pril 

May 

June 


1909. 


28.060 
28.290 
28.727 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 


1910. 


32 .  700 
32.920 
32.403 
32.976 
33.125 
32.769 


Month, 


July 

August 

September. 
October . . . , 
November. 
December. . 

Av.  Year., 


1909. 


29.125 
29.966 
30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
32.913 


29.725 


Trices  are  iu   cents  per-   pound. 


LEAD 


Month. 

New  York, 

St.  Louis, 

London. 

1909 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February — 

March 

April 

May 

4.175 
4.018 
3.986 
4.168 
4.287 
4.350 
4.321 
4.363 
4.342 
4.341 
4.370 
4.560 

4.700 
4.613 
4.459 
4.376 
4.315 
4.343 

4 .  025 
3.868 
3.. 835 
4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4.227 
4.215 
4.215 
4.252 
4.459 

4.582 
4.445 
4.307 
4.225 
4.164 
4.207 

13.113 
13.313 
13.438 
13,297 
1 3 . 225 
13,031 
12.563 
12.475 
12.781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.125 

13.650 
13.328 
13,063 
12,  (-41 
12,5.50 
12 .  (188 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.., 
December,.. 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New    York   and    St.    Louis. 
London,  pounds  sterlinj^  per 


cents  per  pound, 
lonj;  ton. 


Sl'ELTKU 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Juue 

July 

.August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

5.141 
4.889 
4.757 
4.965 
6 ,  124 
6  402 
5 ,  402 
6,729 
5,796 
6.199 
6,381 
6.249 

6.101 
6 .  569 
5.637 
5.439 
5.191 
5.128 

4.991 
4.739 
4.607 
4.815 
4.974 
5.2.52 
5.252 
5.579 
5.646 
6.043 
6.231 
6 ,  099 

5.951 
5.419 
5.487 
5.289 
5.041 
4.978 



21.425 
21.662 
21.438 
21.531 
21.975 
22 , 0(»  1 
21,969 
22,125 
22.906 
23.200 
23.188 
23.094 

23.350 
23.188 
23.031 
22.469 
22.100 
22.219 

Year 

5'.  503 

5.352 

22.201 

New    York   and   St.    I.onis.   cents  per  pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per   lon^   ton. 


PRICES    ("(F    ]■!( 

;    IRON    AT 

I'lTTSP.r 

!!!. 

Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry, 

1909.     1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.     1910. 

January 

February .... 

March 

April 

May 

$17.18 
16,73 
10,40 
15  79 
15,77 
16,13 
16,40 
17,16 
18,44 
19,75 
19,90 
19.90 

$19,90 
18  9(i 
18,53 
18,28 
17.10 
16,52 

$16.40 
16.09 
16.84 
15,05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16,84 
1,5,94 
15,60 

$16,26 
15,90 
15,62 
15.06 
16.08 
15.63 
15,96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
lfi.18 

15.53 

July 

.\UgU8t 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December,. . 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 

COLO.  SPRINGS  July  19     SALT  LAKE         July  19 


Name  o£  Comp, 


Listed : 

Acacia 

Criijple  Cr'k  Con., 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins.. 

FIndlav 

Gold  Dollar 

Gold  Sovorefgn, ,, 

Isaliella     

Mary  M<'Klnn©y,, 

Phai-niaclst 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work    

Unlisted: 

Golden  Cvcle 

United  Gold  Mines 


Bid. 


.05! 
.02? 
.18* 
.09] 
.76 
.83 
.061, 
.10! 
.144 
.031 
.18! 
.53 
.031 
1.12 
.891 
.033 

2  M 


Name  of  Comp. 


Carlsa 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus   Con... 

P.ily  Juilge 

flrand  ("entral. . . . 

li-on  Blossom 

Little  Bell 

Little  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth. 

Mason  Valley 

Maj.   Mines 

Mav  Day 

Neva<la  Hills 

New  Yol-k 

Prince  Con 

RiMl  Warrloi- 

Isilvi'rKlngCoal'n 

iSloux  Goi}.., 

tlnde  8am...' 

jvict.>rliv ; 


Clg. 


Name  of  Comp. 

CoMSTocK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con..,. 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va..., 

Crown  Point 

Exchequer 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Mexican 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union 

Yellow  Jacket.... 


Clg. 


.10 

J. 75 

,25 

.47 

,14 

.14 

t.65 

.60 

J. 65 

t.l8 

.16 

.18 

1.02 

1.05 

t.90 

t.20 

.12 

.22 

.34 

,65 


N,  Y,  EXCH. 


July  19 


Name  of  Comp.      Clg, 


Amalgamated .... 
Am.  .\gri.  Chem. . 
Am.Sm.*Ret.,com 
Am.Sm.  iKef.,pf. 

Anaconda 

Bethlehem  Steel.. 
Col.  feHock.C.  &I. 
Colo.  Fuel  &  Iron. 
DuPont  Pd'r,  pf. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 
Great  Nor.,  ore  ctf. 
NafnalLead,com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Consol 

Pittsburg  Coal. . . . 
RepubllcIiS.com. 
Republic  I  &  S,  pf . 
SlossShefQ'd.com. 
Sloss  Sheffield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 
Utah  Copper... 
D.  S.  Steel,  com... 
U.  S.  Steel,  pf . . 
Va.  Car.  Chem. 


,20 
36* 
,67 
10 
.20 
,74 
,10 
22 
T5 
.,50 
,.58 
.03 
.25 
.13 
,69 
,00 
.00 
.20 
.23 


Name  of  Comp. 


Clg. 


MISC.  Nevada 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con... 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt.... 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Sandstorm.  ... 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 


3.95 
.04 
.24 
.31 
.23 
.05 
.55 
.11 
.13 
.07 
.04 
.49 
.02 
.25 
.07 
.02 
.02 
.06 
.13 
.03J 


BOSTON  EXCH.  July  19 


Name  of  Comp, 


N.  Y.  CURB 


July  19 


Name  ol  Comp. 


Bonanza  Creek. . . 
Boston  Copper.. . . 
Braden  Copper... 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition... 

Caledonia 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Cobalt  Prov 

Con.  Ariz.  Sra 

Cumberland  Ely.. 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Gila  Copper 

Glroux 

Gold  Hill 

GoldfleldCon 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Gu.ggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 
Jlont.  Shoshone.. 
Mont.-Tonopah... 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 

New  B.iltic 

Newhou.se  M.  b  S. 
Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  C«»iiper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M. 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 

Silver  Queen 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah  

Tonopah  Ex 

Trl-BuUlon 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop.. 
Yukon  Gold.... 


Clg. 


tl8  ' 
3% 
i% 

P>i\ 
16% 

11)4' 
.10 
159 
1% 

t9 

lA 

V 
.20 

3K 
1.93,>.4 
5 
6K 

r. 
a% 
><% 
ti>i, 

185     I 

*     1 
92     ' 

17« 

61 

.37>4 

f!     I 

V-'V 

10?ii 

10 

t35 
586 

m 

.70 

n 

■   3i8 


Adventure 

Allouez 

Am,  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Butte  &  Balak 

Calumet  &  .Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly- West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  SaUe 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion, 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best.. 
Superior  &  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.S.  Smg.  &  Ret.. 
U.S.Sm.  &Re.,pd. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona,,, 


Clg. 


Wolverine.. 
Wyandotte.. 


4 
33 
21 

3H 
13 

63( 
tl5 

UH 

46  )i 
510 
13X 

5 
59X 

6 

6X 

30  a 

15K 

2 

9X 
15 

3 
31,"< 

9 

6X 

4 
43 
18« 
21 

6X 

6)4 
3-lH 
114 
12 
68 

2X 
9X 

48 
*X 

.34 

46X 

m 

i\ 

6 
103 


BOSTON  CURB    July  19 


Name  of  comp. 


LONDON        July  19 


Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton'slud. 
Camp  Bird — 

Espei'anza 

Tom  boy 

El  Oro 

OrovUlo. 
Mexico  Mines 


Clg. 


0  3 

1  7 

2  15 

0  17 

1  C 
0  6 
9    0 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve — 
First  Nat.  Cop.... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas.. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper — 
Rhode  IslandCoal 

San  .\ntonio 

Shnttuck-Ai-lz 

S.>nth  Lake 

Superior  ,t  Globe. 

Ti-e1hew(-y 

Tuoiunino  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Clg. 


{170 

ts 

.^"^ 

.06 
if. 

.08 
,64 
.18 

.16 
6 

X6ii 
J2SK 
iS 
.26 

u 

9V 

.25 


JLast  Jiiiotatlou. 


Vl'nTn'n'n'i'n'n'kVi'k'i'h'a^k'n'k'n'i'n'Vn'i-'nn'i^mrrinnjimTr^^ 


T.-f?f.T.T.^.Y.Tni-.y.Y.Y.Y. 


^f^ENGINE  BRING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

^^      PUBLISHED       ^SX^EEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  <%,  John  A. 
llill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary •%.  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  K.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
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numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  >%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  <%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ■%.  .\dvertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
'%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  go 


JULY  30,  1910. 


NO.  5 


<  lltVL  l.ATIIIS      SIATHMES  T 

hitrlnit  liKUl  irr  iiriiltril  utnl  t-hritlfiUil 
."•:;4..">(.iO  voiiirx  of  'L'lii-:  Kncinkkkinc  anp 
MiXIMi   JoritN.M.. 

Olll-  rircltliltioil  for  Jllllf,  IHln.  nits  4-.00O 
.■..;ii<K. 

J  III  II    1' 1  I  .III  Ml 

■I  till/    i) V»..'inn 

■llllll     16 !l,.")IO 

jiiiii  i;3 !>..")(M) 

Julll    30 !i..-(i(i 

Ximr  Mfttt  frcr  rrijilliiihi,  tin  hiirk  titiiiihirs. 
I'hmiit    iiif    liif.    nit    rii  riihiti'in 


Contents  paob 

Dilitoiials  : 

The   .Market  for  Mlsci-llaui-iius   .\riiivral 

Siilislances     \\\~ 

.Viistrnllan    (jold I'.iS 

.\fricnn    Copper llts 

* '.irrespoiKience  and   I>Iscussiiin  : 

Average  Price  oC  Topper ....  Con- 
sular Reports  ....  Staiuliiril  Screen 
Series     for     Laboratory     Testlnj;. .  .  . 

Commeri'lal  Cyanide l!i;) 

I'rovlsious    for    .Mine    liesciie    In     Hritisli 

Coliunlila    o\)-\ 

Details  of  rraetical   Mining: 

•A  Vanner  Itegiiialiir .  .  .  .  Iiuiea'sini.- 
T.lfe  of  a  Ilredge.  .  .  .'.X  Level  Hod 
Atlaelinient  .  .  .  .  The  llaiKlilng  of 
Wet  Concentrates.  ... 'Skip  Loader 
at  tlie  Original  C.m.solldated.  .  .  . 
•Antoniatic  Car  Iinni|)  ....  Safely 
iMitnp  for  Sinking  Itn.kel .  .  .  .  Sand 
Klllinu'  at  Vill;i..'i'  .M.iin  Iteef  I'lani 
.  .  .  .  •Ueinlori'.d   Ccm-n-te    Iteservoirs 

•An    Kniergenev    Wieneli 2>e' 

•Iron    (leeurrences    In    Hie    Eastern    Half 

of  the   fnitert   Stales oix; 

American      Chemical      .Society      at       San 

Krandsco     "  oojn 

■^iliiatlon    In    Alaska. 

,,.,       .„  fl/in-iiil    Coirrniioitih-nrr   liOO 

llie  rn.ihinine- North  liiiiri-  Cnniroversv  L'lii 
•  ondlllons  at  the  .Xmlli  Uiiile  Mine...'.  iMd 
nirectorship  of  iln-   r.oieaii  of  Mines  ■'\\ 

I'lg  Iron    I'rodnciinn   In    i;ilii  •>11 

rtah   Copp.r   to  Curtail    I'mdiiclloii ! !  1  !  1    212 

Mie  (,reene  Consolidated   Sill -'l- 

■'ontlniioiis   Agitation    Svsteni    at    Esper- 

,      ""'■"•, '..If.    //.    A»ii/;.;    213 

.leelrolylic    Itellning    of    Huillon    In    tlie 

I  11  led  stales  .Mints //.  .1.  Klitkn    214 

I   linro.  Nickel     Sicel ,:.     II.    Ilntiiit     -lAT, 

AgRloincralion     of     Manganifeions     l.lni- 

..,.,  ""','■;    ""■<■ /••.    ir///c  21i; 

•Ihe   Calumet   &    llechi    Sand    Wheels. 

.....       ., C.    /,.    rirhtil    21.S 

lie    lllden  Aiiloinallc  Stoker  Conlroller   22(1 
I  lie    I'orciipine     IHstrlct.    Ontario. 
.  ,    ,,    J  ,    „  It.    W.    Ill-oil;   221 

A    Model    Coal    Mining    riant    In    Wv.mm 

^       "">' llllll  II    I/.    f'<ii/)i,    224 

Miinn'cr  .Session   of   the   Coal    .Mining    In- 

,,  .  slltiite Nprria)   ConiKiiiinilinir  227 

Intents      '  oos 

I'ersonal.    Oliltuary    aiid  '  Societies.  '.'."'  •"••■) 

iC't.  ■'"'"'    <'orres|>ondi'nce •'■jo 

(Mining    News '  on.. 

Markets  .",r 

'llhlslnilrii, -"" 


The  Market  for  Miscellaneoui 
Mineral    Substances 

We  receive  many  requests  for  informa- 
tion as  to  the  market  prices  for  many 
mineral  substances  other  than  ores,  such 
as  phosphate  rock,  pyrites,  barytes,  etc. 
So  far  as  we  can  communicate  such  in- 
formation we  do  so  in  the  list  published 
in  the  first  issue  of  each  month,  which 
list  is  carefully  revised  each  month.  We 
receive  occasionally  complaints  from  pro- 
ducers that  they  are  unable  to  realize 
prices  so  high  as  there  quoted.  Perusal 
of  the  foot-note  of  the  list  would  explain 
the  reason.  The  prices  quoted  represent 
what  dealers  ask  for  ordinary  wholesale 
lots,  not  what  they  will  give  for  supplies 
offered  by  producers.  With  respect  to 
most  of  these  commodities  there  is  no 
general  market,  as  in  iron,  copper,  etc., 
wherein  transactions  are  taking  place 
every  day,  which  can  be  reported,  and 
the  reviewing  of  these  markets  to  report 
actual  transactions  would  be  too  costly 
for  any  ne«"spaper  to  undertake. 

In  general  the  prices  for  these  com- 
modities do  not  fluctuate  greatly  from 
month  to  month.  In  the  cases  of  some  of 
them,  e.g.  pyrites,  brimstone,  and  phos- 
phate rock,  which  are  the  subjects  of 
large  business,  the  quotations  represent 
closely  the  basis  of  the  actual  transac- 
tions. In  other  cases,  sometimes  of  very 
important  commodities,  e.g.  sulphuric 
acid,  the  bulk  of  the  business  is  done 
contractually  and  quotations  are  wholly 
misleading  to  those  who  are  unacquainted 
with  the  conditions.  Thus,  sulphuric  acid 
of  60  deg.  B.  strength  is  quoted  at  about 
S16f?i  18  per  2000  |h.  This  is  a  real  price, 
which  a  casual  purchaser  would  have  to 


pay  for  a  carload,  but  the  major  part  of 
this  important  commodity  goes  into  con- 
sumption under  contracts  for,  say,  a 
year's  supply  of  1000  tons,  10,000  tons, 
or  whatever  may  be  required,  and  this 
business,  representing  the  real  acid  mar- 
ket may  be  done  at  $7  or  S8  per  ton.  So 
it  is  with  some  other  commodities. 

Speaking  generally  the  producer  can- 
not expect  to  realize  the  prices  for  min- 
erals and  chemical  products  that  are 
quoted  by  the  sellers.  For  one  thing 
the  latter  are  bound  to  buy  at  a  margin 
that  will  compensate  for  the  cost  of  dis- 
tribution to  consumers,  usually  high,  and 
leave  a  profit.  For  another  thing,  the 
seller  accepting  a  consignment  of  a  ship- 
load or  receiving  regular  deliveries  un- 
der a  contract  for  entire  product  always 
has  to  allow  for  storage  and  interest 
charges  before  distribution  can  be  ef- 
fected, and  the  risk  of  having  to  carry 
stocks  for  a  long  time.  As  an  example 
of  the  difference  between  buying  and  sell- 
ing prices  may  be  mentioned  white 
arsenic,  a  product  that  is  made  by  sev- 
eral le.Td  and  copper  smelters.  The 
wholesale  market  price  at  New  York  in 
1909  was  2.97c.  per  lb.,  the  range  being 
3.2S<ii  2.72c. ;  but  the  smelters  received 
for  their  output  only  about  2c.  per  lb. 
under  their  contracts. 

There  are  some  substances  for  which 
no  representative  quotations  can  be  made, 
the  value  depending  upon  chemical  and 
physical  qualities.  Mica,  graphite  and  talc 
ore  minerals  of  this  class.  In  such  cases 
the  prospective  producer  can  obtain  an 
idea  as  to  probable  price  only  by  sub- 
mitting samples  to  buyers.  Almost  any 
of  the  ore  and  metal  dealers  who  adver- 
tise in  the  Jocrnal  will  inaugurate  busi- 


198 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


ness  in  that  way  if  an  offering  be  brought 
to  their  attention. 

There  are  many  substances  that  have  a 
value  in  the  East,  which  would  have  none 
in  the  West,  because  cost  of  transporta- 
tion to  markets  would  be  more  than  the 
selling  price.     A  moment's  consideration 
about  this  would  forestall  the  building  of 
many    false    hopes.     The    lowest    freight 
rate  from  Butte,  Salt  Lake  City  and  simi- 
lar points  to   New   York   is  SIO  per  ton, 
this  on  lead  and  copper  in  bars.     A  sub- 
stance like  kaolin,  which  finds  its  prin- 
cipal  markets   at   East   Liverpool,   Ohio, 
and  Trenton,  N.J.,  cannot    be  profitably 
delivered   to   those   places    from   Nevada. 
>X'e    receive    many    letters    from    remote 
places   in   the    West   reporting   the    dis- 
covery of  glass  sand  and  inquiring  as  to 
market  possibilities.     This  substance  has 
a  certain  value,  about  SI. 50  per  ton,  near 
the    places    in    Pennsylvania,    Ohio    and 
Indiana  where  glass  is  chiefly  made,  but 
the    existence    of    that    industry    at    any 
place  implies  a  near-by  supply  of  suit- 
able sand  and  a   remote  supply   has  no 
market.     So  with  cement  materials  and 
many  other  things. 

It  may  be  further  remarked  that  the 
high  prices  quoted  and  realized  for  many 
substances  are  because  the  demand  for 
them  is  small.  An  addition  to  the  sup- 
ply is  likely  to  cause  the  market  to 
tumble  like  a  house  of  cards.  The  mar- 
kets for  cobalt  oxide  and  lithia  are  re- 
cent examples  to  the  point.  The  historic 
example  of  this  kind  of  misconception 
was  the  production  at  Baltimore  of  a  few 
pounds  of  tellurium,  which  could  not  be 
sold  at  all,  although  there  were  fascina- 
ting quotations  for  a  gram  or  two  for 
specimen  purposes. 

A  great  deal  of  valuable  and  explicit 
information  as  to  the  conditions  govern- 
ing the  markets  for  the  miscellaneous 
minerals,  the  prices  actually  realized  by 
producers,  supply  and  demand,  etc.,  is  to 
be  found  in  the  annual  volumes  of  The 
Mineral  Industry,  published  by  the 
Journal,  to  which  more  frequent  refer- 
ence should  be  made. 

Australian  Gold 

With  the  exception  of  Western  Austra- 
lia, the  different  States  of  Australia  are 
showing  in  their  reports  for  the  first  half 
of  the  year  a  good  increase  in  gold 
production.  Apparently  a  fair  recovery 
from  the  comparative  depression  of  the 
past    two    years    is    going    on.      This    is 


especially  the  case  in  New  South  Wales 
and  Queensland;  while  Victoria  also  has 
been  doing  better  than  for  some  time 
past.  There  is  no  great  change,  but 
mining  conditions  are  on  the  mend,  and 
there  is  a  greater  number  of  men  re- 
ported at  work.  Possibly  the  latter  fact 
is  due  partly  to  the  depressed  conditions 
at  Broken  Hill,  which  have  sent  many 
men  to  seek  work  elsewhere. 

In  Western  Australia,  however,  the 
mines  continue  to  show  losses  in  pro- 
duction, moderate  as  compared  with  last 
year,  but  very  considerable  when  con- 
trasted with  the  figures  of  three  and  four 
years  ago.  The  loss  is  largely  in  the 
Kalgoorlie  mines,  and  is  due  in  part  to 
smaller  ore  production,  and  in  part  to 
the  lower  grade  of  ore  in  several  of  the 
better  known  mines.  Meantime  no  new 
districts  of  importance  have  been  opened 
this  year,  and  prospecting  is  not  active. 

The  other  States,  so  far  as  reports  have 
been  made  for  the  half-year,  have  nearly 
made  up  the  loss  in  Western  Australia. 
It  looks  as  if  Australia,  taken  as  a  whole, 
will  about  hold  its  own.  but  will  hardly 
show    an   increase. 


going  to  figure  prominently  in  the  statis- 
tics for   1911   and   1912. 


Copper  Curtailment 

Judging  from  the  reports  of  the  pro- 
duction of  American  crude  copper,  a  cur- 
tailment began  in  June,  the  output  of 
Lake  Superior,  Butte,  and  some  other 
important  districts  showing  a  material 
decrease  as  compared   with   May. 

Now  the  president  of  the  Utah  Copper 
Company  has  just  announced  that  it  is 
going  to  reduce  its  output,  thus  fulfilling 
the  forecast  that  we  made  last  week. 

This  decision  will  surely  establish  a 
precedent  that  will  lead  other  large  pro- 
ducers to  do  likewise,  and  we  shall  have 
a  cessation  of  the  excessive  production 
under  which  the  market  has  been  stag- 
gering. As  soon  as  consumers  realize 
this  we  expect  a  gradual  absorption  of 
the  accumulation  and  an  improvement  in 
market  conditions. 


African  Copper 

So  much  has  been  made  out  of  reports 
of  great  quantities  of  copper  to  come 
from  Katanga  and  the  recent  arrivals  in 
this  country  of  some  shiploads  of  Otavi 
ore  that  it  is  a  pity  that  the  daily  press 
and  other  organs  of  publicity  cannot  take 
more  trouble  to  inform  themselves  cor- 
rectly. 

Otavi  ore  has  been  coming  into  the 
market  for  several  years.  It  is  in  some 
respects  of  peculiar  character,  being  high 
in  both  lead  and  copper.  The  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  has  de- 
veloped an  advanced  and  economical 
method  for  the  treatr.ent  of  such  ore, 
which  accounts  for  its  present  s'.-.ipment 
to   this   country. 

As  for  Katanga,  it  is  well  known  that 
there  are  immense  deposits  of  copper 
there,  but  the  difficulties  of  exploitation 
are  great  and  it  is  the  consensus  of  opin- 
ion among  engineers  who  have  visited  the 
district  that  a  flood  of  copper  is  not  to  be 
expected  immediately  from  it. 

Africa  is  a  great  undeveloped  country 
which  will  doubtless  in  time  to  come  sup- 
ply the  world  with  a  great  deal  of  copper, 
tin,  gold,  diamonds  and  other  valuable 
things,  but  neither  its  copper  nor  tin  is 


Original  overcapitalization  and  the 
competition  of  improved  processes  have 
brought  the  United  Alkali  Company  of 
Great  Britain  down  to  very  low  profits. 
In  1909  it  was  able  to  pay  only  2  per  cent, 
on  its  ordinary  stock,  after  passing  the 
dividend  for  the  preceding  year.  On  the 
other  hand,  Brunner,  Mond  &  Co.,  con- 
trolling the  electrolytic  processes  of  alkali 
pioduction,  paid  37' _-  per  cent.  These  re- 
sults could  be  made  the  basis  of  an  in- 
teresting study  both  of  financial  and 
technical  management. 

The  Scotch  producers  of  oil  from  shale 
during  the  past  year  managed  to  hold 
their  own  and  to  pay  dividends,  notwhh- 
standing  the  very  sharp  competition 
pressed  on  them  by  the  Standard  Oil  in- 
terests in  Great  Britain;  and  notwith- 
standing also  a  new  competition  in  the 
form  of  paraffin  w^ax  from  the  Galician 
oil  producers.  The  profits  of  the  Scotch 
oil  makers  come  almost  entirely  from 
their  by-products,  chiefly  sulphate  of  am- 
monia, of  which  they  are  large  producers. 

The  reduction  in  the  dividend  on  its 
common  stock  by  the  National  Lead 
Company,  last  week,  has  excited  much 
unfavorable  comment.  This  company  finds 
itself  at  present  in  rather  a  peculiar  po- 
sition, which  to  some  extent  accounts  for 
some  anomalies  in  the  market  for  pig 
lead,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  divi- 
dend that  has  recently  been  paid  on  its 
common   stock   was  ever  really   justified. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


199 


Average  Price  for  Copper 


In  the  Journal  of  July  23  reference 
was  made  to  the  quantitative  average 
price  for  copper  in  the  last  1 1  years. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  this  expression? 

Cuprum. 

New   York,  July   2S,    1910. 

[We  multiplied  the  world's  consump- 
tion in  each  year  as  reported  by  the  Met- 
allgesellschaft,  Frankfurt-am-Main,  by 
the  average  price  for  each  year.  The 
consumption  in  metric  tons  and  the  aver- 
age price  in  cents  per  pound  are  given  i;i 
the  following  table: 

Year.  t'on.-^uniption.      Prict'.* 

ISijy       4H7, 71)11  16   67c. 

1900 .  .  .t1:.',7()0  16.19 

lUOl       4',ll,L'(](l  16.11 

1901!  .iSl;..">(H)  11  .63 

19(1.!  .')S(i.7()l)  13,24 

1904  602,100  12.  S2 

190.1 727,400  l.'i. ,■>',! 

1906       727.600  19. 2S 

1907       6,-)7,:iOO  20.(10 

1908      698,300  13.21 

1909 782.800  12.98 

Totals 6,899,600     15.22c. 

■(^iiixational  averages,  cents  per  pound,  at 
New  York. 

Dividing  the  total  sum  in  dollars  by  the 
total  tons  for  the  1 1  years  gives  the  avei- 
age  of   15.22c.  per  pound. — Euitor.] 


Consular  Reports 


The  American  consul,  judging  from  re- 
ports, is  expected  to  pass  on  all  kinds  of 
;ommercial,     mechanical     and     scientific 
subjects  as  well  as  upon  news  items  and 
business  opportunities.     For  instance,  one 
;roup  of  20  gold  mining  claims  in  Europe 
;overing  54   acres,   is    for   sale.     "These 
nines,"    says    the    consul,    "have    been 
worked    in   the   most    primitive    way,   the 
-hafts  not  exceeding  93  ft.,  and  the  veins 
.ontain  quartz  of  an  87-93  standard.     At 
1  few  mines  steam  engines  with  two  pairs 
if  runners   are   employed.     .     .     .     The 
>rice  asked   for  the  property  is  SI  15,875 
ind  further  information  will  be  furnished 
ly  the  party  in  question   upon   request." 
One  wonders  what  possible  further  in- 
ormation    could    be   desired! 
One  of  our  consuls  in  Russia  describes 
n  exposition  of  gas  engines  and   in  the 
ourse  of  his  letter  cautiously  repeats  the 
laims   for  economy  w^hich  are   made  by 
le  manufacturer  of  one  new  engine.  He 
ays:     "It  is  claimed  that  it  will  furnish 
00  h.p.  on  36.1 1  lb.  of  naphtha  per  hour, 
r  about  5   gal.      Even    if   this   claiin    is 
10  optimistic,   it  is  not  to   be   dismissed 
ithout  investigation  by  a  competent  me- 
hanical  engineer." 


"Optimistic"  is  a  most  deliciously 
chosen  word!  Possibly  the  consul  did 
not  wish  to  hurt  the  manufacturer's  feel- 
ings. However,  as  the  American  manu- 
facturers of  the  best  engines  of,  say,  25 
h.p.  will  iiot  guarantee  better  than  50 
h.p.  from  5  gal.,  and  as  the  most  efficient 
blast-furnace  gas  engines  of  say  2000 
h.p.  require  around  10,000  B.t.u.  per 
horsepower,  the  claim  of  the  above  manu- 
facturer that  his  engine  develops  a  horse- 
power on  5000  B.t.u.,  including  friction, 
jacket  and  exhaust  losses  is  indeed  "op- 
timistic." 

Mark    R.    Lamb. 

Milwaukee,  July  16,  1910. 


Standard     Screen    Series 
Laboratory    Testing 


tor 


In  the  Journal  for  July  2,  T.  J.  Hoover 
offers  a  new  series  of  screens  for  labora- 
tory work.  Some  time  ago  I  worked  out 
this  matter  in  detail;  accordingly,  a  few 
additional  remarks  may  be  of  interest. 

The  so  called  Rittinger  series  of  sieves 
takes  for  its  base  a  screen  whose  aper- 
tures are  1  mm.  in  diameter,  called  the 
millimeter  screen.  Each  successive  mem- 
ber of  the  series  is  1.4142,  i.e.,  ^2,  times 
as  large  as  the  preceding  member.  Call- 
ing the  I -mm.  screen  No.  0,  any  screen 
of  the  series  is  found  from  the  equation 
lin  =  c/",  where  /'«  is  the  diameter  of 
the  mesh  of  the  screen  desired;  C  is  the 
diam.  of  No.  0  screen,  which  in  this  cas; 
is  one;  /  is  a  factor,  which  for  this  series 
is  1.4142;  and  n  is  the  number  of  the 
screen  desired.  For  finding  the  sizes 
smaller  than  No.  0,  n  becomes  a  minus 
quantity. 

The  Richard  series  referred  to  takes 
for  a  'actor  ■</  2.  or  1.1892.  As  this 
factor  is  smaller  the  sieves  come  nearer 
together. 

Air.  Hoover  finds  that  by  using  for  a 
factor  f'  2,  or  1.2599,  which  is  interme- 
diate between  the  two  above,  he  gets  a 
more  desirable  series  for  his  work,  and 
that  starting  with  1  mm.,  the  fifteenth 
sieve,  or  sieve  No.  14,  figures  out  25.3984 
mm.  which  is  approximately  1  in.  Thus 
both  the  even  millimeter  and  inch  enter 
into  this  series. 

Different  Sieve  Series  Necessary 

Different  classes  of  work  and  different 
products  need  correspondingly  different 
sieve  series.  No  one  series  can  be  found 
which  will  fit  all  cases.  There  are  theore- 
tical   reasons    for    using    the    square    or 


cube  roots  of  2  as  factors,  but  in  prac- 
tice the  detail  to  which  the  work  is  to  be 
carried,  is  the  chief  factor  in  choosing 
the  screen  series.  Also  if  the  mineral 
is  so  crushed  as  to  produce  a  large  pro- 
portion of  fines,  the  sieve  intervals 
should  be  more  frequent;  i.e.,  the  series 
factor  must  be  smaller  than  when  few 
fines  are  made. 

If  it  were  more  advantageous  to  use 
No.  10  sieve  instead  of  No.  14  as  the 
even-inch  member  the  factor  1.3919  could 
have  been  used.  If  20  screens  were  de- 
sired the  factor  1.1755  would  be  used.  A 
factor  can  be  readily  found  from  the 
formula  Ihi  =^  C f"  which  will  carry  the 
series  from  any  given  size  to  any  other 
with  any  desired  number  of  sieves. 

In  experiments  that  I  carried  out,  the 
so  called  double  Rittinger  series  were 
used.  Here  the  factor  was  about  1.211. 
As  it  is  impossible  to  obtain  sieves  of 
exactly  the  sizes  desired,  and  as  they 
wear  larger  as  well  as  become  irregulai 
as  to  aperture  sizes,  the  methods  de- 
scribed below  were  used  for  plotting  the 
results  and  for  standardizing  the  series. 
This  procedure  makes  it  unnecessary  for 
the  screens  to  be  exactly  the  desired  sizes, 
and  gives  the  data  in  a  much  clearer  and 
more  accurate  manner  than  any  method 
which  I  have  ever  seen. 

Thk  Christensen  Sieve  Scale 

The  smallest  sieve  of  the  series  was 
assumed  to  be  0.080  mm.,  and  the  largest 
2.06.  These  measurements  had  been  care- 
fully taken  and  were  probably  correct. 
There  were  sixteen  intermediate  sieves. 
Assuming  the  0.080  member  as  No.  0 
and  the  2.06  as  No.  17,  the  equation  for 
the  series  becomes  2.06  -  0.080  /", 
which  makes  /,  1.2106,  i.e.,  1.211.  The 
No.  1  sieve  should,  therefore,  have  been 
0.080X1.211^0.097  mm.  The  No.  ?, 
0.097  V  1.211  _^  0.1 17;  etc. 

Had  the  sieve  series  been  perfect,  that 
is,  had  the  actual  aperture  measurements 
corresponded  to  the  calculated  figures, 
the  product  on  each  sieve  would  have 
been  represented  on  the  plot  by  a  unit 
space  in  the  ordinate  column.  However, 
the  second,  or  No.  1,  sieve  was  found — 
in  a  way  to  be  described  later — to  have 
been  0.102  mm.  Thus  the  interval  be- 
tween these  two  series  was  approximate- 
ly (0.102  —  O.OSOt  H-  0.097  —  0.080)  = 
1.295  times  as  great  as  it  should  have 
been.  Therefore  the  ordinate  space  allotted 
for  plotting  the  mineral  passing  the  0,102' 
and  caught  on  the  0,080  screen  was  made 
1.295  units  instead  oT  a  single  unit.  In 
(his  way  the  ordinate  space  allotted   for 


200 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30.  1910. 


the  plotting  of  material  caught  on  each 
sieve  was  proportioned  to  the  relative 
part  of  the  series  which  that  space  oc- 
cupied in  the  series. 

Having  once  secured  this  table  for  the 
sieve  series,  at  hand,  various  sizing  tests 
were  made.  The  weights  of  the  materials 
caught  on  each  sieve  were  plotted,  not 
merely  as  abscissas,  but  as  areas.  Figs. 
1  and  2  show  sizing  tests  thus  plotted. 
Should  the  products  have  been  plotted 
with  equal  ordinates,  i.e.,  the  abscissas 
proportional  to  the  weights  only,  the 
data  would  have  lost  their  value.  It  is  thus 
seen  that  so  long  as  the  true  figures  for 
the  screens  can  be  found,  it  is  of  no 
particular  importance  if  they  coincide  or 
not  with  the  figures  called  for  by  the 
series  used.  In  fact  several  screens  could 
have  been  entirely  omitted  without  neces- 
sarily injuring  the  accuracy  of  the  re- 
sults. 

Sizing  Tests  to  Establish   New  Scale 

Eight  independent  sizing  tests,  made  ,m 
different  minerals  (quartz,  pyrite,  galena 
and  slag)  crushed  in  different  ways,  were 
screened,  and  plotted  as  described  above 
and  as  shown  in  Fig.  1.  Each  such  plot 
corresponds  closely  to  a  geometrical-pro- 
gression curve,  of  the  form  X=c/''.  In 
plotting  these  data  for  the  first  time,  the 
screen  figures  were  assumed  to  be  as  they 
were  marked.  It  was  noticed  that  for 
certain  screens  each  plot  varied  to  the 
right  or  left  of  a  smooth  curve.  It  i.- 
not  likely  that  in  each  of  the  eight  in- 
dependent tests  there  was  a  dearth  of 
certain  sized  grains  and  an  excess  of  cer- 
tain other  sizes.  Therefore  such  figures 
were  found  for  the  sieves  that,  assuming 
these  figures  and  plotting  the  tests  with 
them,  the  plots  would  not  in  every  case 
have  a  tendency  to  one  side  more  than  to 
another  of  a  smooth  curve. 

The  figures  thus  given  to  the  series  did 
not  differ  greatly  from  those  figures  al- 
ready marked  on  them,  but  could  be 
stated  with  some  degree  of  certainty  to 
three  places  instead  of  two,  which  was  as 
close  as  could  be  attempted  before.  The 
figures  thus  found  and  ascribed  to  the 
screens  were  thereafter  assumed  as  cor- 
rect. In  subsequent  plotting  where  these 
figures  were  used,  even  results  were  ob- 
tained in  place  of  the  irregular  ones 
vhich  characterized  the  former  plots. 
There  are  numerous  considerations  why 
such  a  method  of  standardization  is  bet- 
ter than  simply  the  mechanical  measure- 
ment process. 

Using  the  screen  series  described,  all 
the  natural  products  tested  gave  curves 
lying  between  the  limits  X  =  7.60  X  1.14" 
and  >:  =  8.80y  1.32".  Fig.  1  shows  how 
near  to  the  equation  the  actual  plots  lie. 

Mr.  Hoover's  machine  for  mechanical 
sizing  deserves  commendation,  as  I  can 
testify,  for  I  have  spent  weary  days  try- 
ing to  do  what  a  machine  should  be  able 
to  do  much  better. 


In  view  of  the  ease  with  which  the 
slide  rule  reduces  arithmetic,  and  as  the 
inch  sieve  is  not  used  in  the  laboratory, 
I  see  no  reason  why  the  even  inch  shou'd 
be  put  into  our  screen  series. 

Arthur  O.  Christensen. 

Sombrerete,  Zac,  Mexico,  July  1-2, 
1910. 


Commercial  Cyanide 


The  statement  made  by  J.  C.  Clennell 
in  the  Journal  of  June  25,  1910,  that 
the  indirect  method  of  sodium-potassium 
determination  only  gives  sufficiently  accu- 
rate results  when  both  metais  are  pres- 
ent in  considerable  amounts,  may  be 
found  in  some  of  the  well  known  text- 
books and  consequently  is  by  many  ac- 
cepted as  correct.  I  notice  that  W.  J. 
Sharwood  makes  the  same  remark  in  his 
article  on  "Commercial  Cyanide"  in  the 
Journal,  March  19,  1910.  Fresenius' 
says:  "The  indirect  method  of  determin- 
ing soda  and  potassa  is  applicable  only 
in  the  analysis  of  mixtures  containing 
tolerably  large  quantities  of  both  bases." 
Sutton'  says:  "Indirect  methods  like  this 
can  only  give  useful  results  when  the 
atomic  weights  of  the  two  substances  dif- 
fer considerably  and  when  the  propor- 
tions are  approximately  equal." 

Indirect   Method   of    Determination 

On  the  other  hand,  equally  good 
authority  can  be  quoted  to  the  contrary. 
Classen'  says:  "Instead  of  separating  the 
potassium  as  potassium-platinic  chloride 
the  total  chlorine  in  a  weighed  portion  of 
the  mixture  may  be  determined,  and  the 
potassium  chloride  and  sodium  chloride 
then  calculated.  This  indirect  determina- 
tion of  potassium  in  the  presence  of  so- 
dium is  of  general  applicability,  and  may 
be  used  whatever  the  proportions  of  the 
salts  in  the  mixture." 

Crookes'  says:  "The  direct  method  of 
estimating  potassium  and  sodium,  viz.,  by 
the  precipitation  of  the  former  as  potas- 
sium platino-chloride,  and  reckoning  so- 
dium from  the  loss,  though  sufficiently 
accurate  in  patient  and  skilful  hands,  is 
yet  open  to  many  sources  of  error  and 
at  the  best  is  exceedingly  tedious  and 
troublesome.  The  indirect  method  does 
not  appear  to  possess  the  confidence  of 
chemists,  at  least  it  is  rarely  mentioned 
in  published  investigations.  P.  Collier, 
assistant  in  the  Sheffield  laboratory,  Yale 
University,  has  published  a  number  of  ex- 
periments to  ascertain  the  limits  of  error 
in  this  process."  After  describing  the 
making  of  standard  solutions  and  the 
method  of  titrating  the  chlorine  with  sil- 
ver nitrate,  Crookes  proceeds  as  follows: 

'"Qunntltnlivc  .\iiiilvsls."  seventh  cilltinii. 
1S7(!.   p.   411. 

="VoIiimetrlc  Analysis,"  ninth  Pfllllnn.  inol. 
1>.   144. 

""Qimntltnllve  Aniil.vsls,"   1002.   p.   104. 

'"Solect  ^ri'tliiids  In  flipmlcal  .\nnlysls, 
Cliletl.v  Inni-Kiinlc."  fiinrth  ('dlllon.  IliiCi.  p.  I'.i. 


"From  a  long  list  of  analyses  given  by 
the  author  it  is  shown  that  the  indirect 
method  is  in  all  cases  equal  in  accuracy 
to  the  ordinary  separation,  while  in  the 
m.atter  of  convenience  and  economy  of 
time  there  is  no  comparison  between 
them.  In  no  case  does  the  difference  be- 
tween the  quantities  taken  and  found  of 
either  alkaline  chloride,  exceed  two  milli- 
grams  and  in  most  cases  it  is  less  than 
one  milligram.  The  correspondence  be- 
tween the  amounts  of  chlorine  taken  and 
found  is  of  course  still  nearer.  The 
error  that  appears  in  the  estimation  of 
the  chlorides,  would  be  considerably  re- 
duced if,  as  usually  happens,  the  metals 
were  calculated  as  oxides." 

Error  in  the  Indirect  Process 

In  view  of  these  conflicting  statements 
let  us  endeavor  to  see  for  ourselves,  but 
without  going  too  far  into  the  matter, 
what  is  likely  to  be  the  error  in  this 
process  as  it  ordinarily  would  be  carried 
out.  Error  mav  occur  f  1)  in  ascertaining 
the  weight  of  the  mixed  chlorides  or  (2| 
in  determining  their,  percentage  of  chlo- 
rine. 

Taking  the  second  point  first  and  sup- 
posing that  the  mixed  chlorides  have  been 
obtained  pure  and  correctly  weighed,  it 
can  easily  be  shown  that  the  error  of  the 
chlorine  determination  is  not  likely  to  be 
serious.  The  chlorine  silver-nitrate  titra- 
tion is  a  very  exact  and  reliable  one,  and 
duplicate  titrations  made  on  a  chloride 
solution  need  not  differ  by  more  than  a 
single  drop  of  1/10  normal  AgNO^.  But 
suppose  that  on  titrating  0.5  gram  pure 
KCl  there  is  an  error  of  0.1  c.c,  which  is 
as  much  as  is  likely  to  occur,  the  ma- 
terial would  figure  out  to  KCl  99.5,  and 
NaCl  0.5  per  cent. 

There  is  no  use  pretending  to  go  into 
the  second  place  of  decimals  in  calcula- 
tions of  this  kind  as  the  atomic  weights 
on  which  they  are  based  have  not  been 
determined  to  that  degree  of  accuracy. 
Here  the  error  on  the  KCl  is  0.5  per  cent., 
but  on  the  NaCl  it  amounts  to  infinity. 
If  the  material  were  KCl  99.5,  NaCl  0.5 
the  error  would  be  0.5  and  100  per  cent, 
respectively,  if  it  were  KCl  50  and  NaCl 
50  the  error  would  be  one  per  cent,  on 
each  constituent. 

Error  in  Weighing 

If  the  error  is  in  the  weighing  and 
amounts  to  plus  or  minus  one  milligram, 
so  that  instead  of  0.5  there  has  been 
found  0.501  or  0.499,  and  the  per- 
centage of  chlorine  has  been  cor- 
rectly determined,  we  then  have  in 
any  case  merely  a  total  of  100.2 
or  99.8  instead  of  100,  the  relative  pro- 
portions of  the  two  salts  being  correct. 
Any  loss  of  material  in  manipulation 
would  cause  this  kind  of  error.  If  the 
error  in  weighing  is  caused  by  the  ad- 
mixture of  some  foreign  substance  not  I 
containing  chlorine  it  is  different,  as  we  I 
then   have  0.501    containing,   in  the  case 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


201 


of  NaCl.  0.303  gm.  CI  (60.6x0.5 1  which 
gives  60.5  CI,  and  a  result  of  99.2  NaCl 
and  0.8  KCI  instead  of  100  NaCl.  Any 
error  arising  from  contamination  by  sub- 
stances containing  a  greater,  or  a  less 
percentage  of  chlorine  than  the  mixed 
chlorides,  like  any  error  in  determining 
the  percentage  of  chlorine,  is  multiplied 
by  7.69  in  making  the  calculation. 

Now  suppose  that  there  is  an  error  of 
this  kind  in  the  weighing  of  two  milli- 
grams, and  an  error  in  the  titration  of 
0.2  c.c.  both  of  these  errors  being  in  the 
direction  of  reducing  the  percentage  of 
chlorine  found,  and  that  the  material  is 
NaCl. 

Instead  of  0.5  gm.,  w-e  have  0.502  gm. 
and  instead  of  using  85.47  c.c.  AgNO, 
we  have  used  only  85.27.  This  works  out 
to  60.3  per  cent,  chlorine,  which  gives 
97.7  NaCl  and  2.3  KCI  instead  of  100 
NaCl.  In  any  proportion  of  the  salts  the 
error  of  the  result  is  2.3  per  cent.  KCI  too 
much.  The  errors  assumed  in  this  case 
are  both,  I  think,  about  twice  as  great  as 
are  to  be  expected  in  a  carefully  carried 
out  operation,  yet  the  result  is  good 
enough  for  almost  any  purpose  which 
does  not  necessitate  an  exact  determina- 
tion of  the  minor  constituent.  Moreover 
there  would  be  always  an  even  chance  of 
these  errors  balancing  themselves,  in 
which  case  the  result  would  be  sufficient- 
ly accurate,  and  I  think  it  would  be  fair 
to  say  that  with  reasonable  care  the  pro- 
portions of  the  two  salts  may  be  deter- 
mined to  about  one  per  cent. 

\fiTH  Special  Care  Indirect  Method 
Sufficiently  Accurate 

It  appears  from  this  that  the  statement 
that  this  method  is  not  applicable,  or  not 
sufficiently  accurate,  when  only  a  small 
proportion  of  one  of  the  salts  is  pres- 
ent can  only  have  reference  to  those 
cases  in  which  the  correct  determination 
of  the  iTiinor  constituent  is  the  point  at  is- 
sue, but  even  then  it  seems  that  with 
special  care  and  precautions  to  insure 
accuracy  the  method  may  be  made  as  ac- 
curate as  the  direct  determination. 

This  is  not  the  question  in  the  examina- 
tion of  commercial  cyanide,  where  all 
that  is  wanted  is  an  approximation  of  th.- 
relative  proportions  of  soda  and  potash, 
and  the  advantages  of  the  method  for 
such  a  purpose  have  already  been  pointed 
out  in  the  quotation  from  Crookes. 

As  regards  the  fusion  process  for 
moisture  determination,  Mr.  Clennell's 
remark  that  it  is  not  accurate  is  quite 
right,  but  again,  the  desideratum  is  an 
easy  and  rapid  method.  Presumably  the 
only  really  correct  method  would  be  to 
warm  in  a  current  of  carefully  dried  hy- 
drogen or  nitrogen,  and  pass  through  a 
calcium  chloride  tube,  which  would  then 
be  weighed,  but  there  is  not  the  remotest 
chance  of  such  a  method  being  adopted 
by  the  busy  works  chemist  or  assayer. 
Ralston  Bell. 

Edinburgh.  July  14,  1910. 


Provisions  for  Mine  Rescue  in 
British  Columbia 

Special  Correspondence 


Cumberland,  respectively.  It  is  planned 
to  fit  up  a  railway  car  at  each  station 
for  the  convenient  storage  of  the  ap- 
paratus, so  that  there  may  be  no  unne- 
cessary delay  in  transportation  in  cases 
of  emergency. 


The  Legislative  Assembly  of  British 
Columbia  last  March  made  some  amend- 
ments to  the  Coal  Mines  Regulation  Act, 
in  force  in  the  province,  including  the 
following: 

"82a — There  shall  be  established  by 
the  owner,  agent,  or  manager  of  every 
colliery  to  which  this  act  applies,  such 
number  of  oxygen  helmets,  or  some  such 
form  of  mine-rescue  device  as  may  be 
approved  by  the  Minister  of  Mines.  Such 
mine-rescue  apparatus  shall  be  constant- 
ly maintained  in  an  efficient  and  workable 
condition  and  shall  in  all  cases  be  so 
stored  or  placed  in  or  about  the  mine  as 
to  always  be  available  for  immediate  use. 

"The  Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council 
may  from  time  to  time  establish  mine- 
rescue  stations  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plementing, in  case  of  need,  the  colliery 
installations  of  mine-rescue  apparatus 
and  also  for  the  purpose  of  training  the 
holders  of  certificates  of  competency  un- 
der this  act  in  the  use  of  such  mine- 
rescue  device  as  may  be  approved  by 
the  Minister  of  Mines;  and  it  shall  be 
incumbent  on  the  owner,  agent,  or  man- 
ager of  every  operating  mine  to  which 
this  Act  applies  to  retain  such  number 
of  employees  trained  in  the  use  of  such 
established  mine-rescue  apparatus  as  the 
chief  inspector  of  mines  may  deem  suf- 
ficient. 

"Provided,  that  in  cases  of  emergency 
such  stations  shall  be  available  for  the 
use  of  any  trained  corps  of  mine-rescu- 
ers, duly  qualified  medical  practitioners, 
or  corps  trained  in  the  work  of  first  aid 
to  the  injured. 

"This  section  shall  come  into  force  up- 
on proclamation  by  the  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor-in-Council." 

A  Station  Already  Established 

The  proclamation  provided  for  in  the 
last  quoted  clause  has  not  yet  been 
gazetted,  but  will  be  before  the  close 
of  the  current  year.  Meanwhile,  the 
Western  Fuel  Company,  of  San  Francis- 
co, owning  and  operating  No.  1  Shaft, 
Protection  shaft,  and  Northfield  No.  4 
mines,  near  Nanaimo,  Vancouver  island, 
has  obtained  Draeger  oxygen  breathing 
apparatus  and  had  some  of  its  men 
trained   in   its  use. 

With  a  view  to  the  early  establishment 
of  mine-rescue  stations,  as  required 
by  the  act,  the  government  of  British  Co- 
lumbia has  ordered  full  mine-rescue 
Draeger  apparatus  for  the  equipment  of 
three  stations,  one  of  which  would  be  in 
the  Crow's  Nest  Pass  coal-mining  district, 
probably  at  Hosmer  as  being  central  and 
on  the  Crow's  Nest  railway,  and  two  on 
Vancouver     island — at      Extension     and 


Geological  Explorations  in  the  Yu- 
kon and  Northwest  Territories 

The  Canadian  Department  of  Mines 
has  recently  issued  a  preliminary  report 
on  the  McKenzie  mountains,  and  on  the 
Pelly,  Ross  and  the  Gravel  rivers  of  the 
Northwest  Territory.  Field  work  has 
been  carried  on  in  the  Yukon  Territory 
h\  various  members  of  the  Canadian 
Geological  Survey  since  1897.  The  work 
heretofore  has  been  confined  principally 
to  the  areas  where  active  mining  was  in 
operation.  The  present  report  takes  up 
much  of  the  unexplored  territory  along 
the  rivers,  and  is  to  be  regarded  only  as 
a  "first"  contribution  in  the  study  of  the 
geology  and  topography  of  the  McKenzie 
mountains   and   vicinity. 

Geology 

There  appears  to  be  a  close  connec- 
tion in  the  Yukon  Territory  between  the 
crystalline  schists  and  the  placer  de- 
posits. In  the  valley  of  the  Pelly  these 
rocks  appear  to  occupy  a  belt  extending 
about  10  miles  on  each  side  of  the  river, 
which   flows  parallel   to  their  strike. 

During  the  last  few  years,  work  in  the 
Pelly  district  has  been  confined  to 
streams  entering  the  Pelly  from  the 
south,  between  Lapie  and  Hoole  rivers. 
These  streams  head  in  Pelly  mountains, 
a  high  range  lying  south  of  and  parallel 
to  the  course  of  the   Pelly. 

Along  the  base  of  these  mountains  is 
a  wide  abandoned  river  valley,  covered 
with  wash  gravel  and  containing  several 
small  lakes.  This  valley  is  separated 
from  the  Pelly  river  by  a  narrow-  belt  of 
low  rocky  hills,  through  which  the 
streams  have  cut  channels.  The  grav- 
els of  the  old  valley  carry  some  coarse 
and  fine  gold,  and  the  streams  in  flowing 
across  it  concentrate  a  portion  of  this 
gold   on   bed   rock. 

Only  Gold  Sought  at  Present 

Under  the  present  conditions  it  is  un- 
likely that  anything  other  than  gold  will 
be  sought.  A  superficial  examination  in- 
dicates that  the  country  in  the  vicinity 
of  Ross  and  Gravel  rivers  is  likely  to  be 
unattractive  to  the  prospector  or  miner. 
There  is  a  marked  absence  of  vein 
quartz  either  in  the  bed  rock  or  stream 
gravels.  The  intrusion  of  granite  in  sed- 
imentary rocks  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  accompanied  by  any  mineralization. 
A  small  amount  of  lignite  has  been  found 
on  Gravel  river.  Hematite  occurs  also 
on  Gravel  river  about  10  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Natla  river.  The  ore  car- 
ries about   25  per  cent.   iron. 


202 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND    MINING  JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^S 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


^MJ 


A  Vanner  Regulator 

Millmen  on  the  Mother  Lode  of  Cali- 
fornia have  evolved  many  labor-saving 
devices  for  the  regulation  of  mill  ma- 
chinery. The  device  for  adjusting  a  van- 
ner belt,  shown  in  the  accompanying 
drawing,  is  used  in  the  60-stamp  mill 
at  Melones,  near  Angels  Camp,  Cal.  On 
the  ordinary  vanner  concentrator  the  belt 
travel  must  be  regulated  by  handscrews 
on  the  side  of  the  table.  This  makes  it 
inconvenient  for  the  vanner  man  to  per- 
fect the  necessary  adjustment  and  takes 
up  a  lot  of  unnecessary  time  in  climb- 
ing between  the  tables. 

^X'ith  the  arrangement  shown,  the 
travel  of  the  belt  is  regulated  from  the 
end  of  the  table  by  a  wheel  that  is  op- 


other  case.  The  former  arrangement  has 
the  advantage  of  requiring  a  shorter  iron 
rod,    but    either    is    satisfactory. 


Increasing  the  Life  of  a  Dredge 

The  life  of  the  dredge  is  to  a  large 
extent  determined  by  the  life  of  the  hull. 
With  proper  care  and  construction,  the 
average  life  of  a  hull  in  the  California 
dredging  fields  is  from  8  to  10  years. 
However,  if  proper  means  are  not  taken 
for  the  prevention  of  dry  rot,  or  if  the 
best  construction  is  not  used,  a  hull  will 
go  to  pieces  in  four  or  five  years.  Con- 
sidering that  the  larger  boats  now  being 
built  cost  anywhere  from  5150,000  to 
S300,000,  it  is  evident  that  the  life  of  the 


Thi  LngitKeriiig  ^  ilmmg  Jvumat 


Regulating  Device  for  Vanners 


erated  from  the  aisle  between  the  tables. 
To  adjust  the  travel  of  the  belt  of  the 
vanner  it  is  only  necessary  to  revolve 
the  wheel  A  which  is  connected  by  the 
rod  B  to  the  wooden  rod  C.  screwing 
into  the  latter  so  that  by  rotating  the 
wheel  C  is  swung  in  either  direction. 
The  rod  C  is  pivoted  on  the  frame  of 
the  table  and  communicates  its  motion  to 
a  second  rod  D  which  is  connected  to 
the  axle  E  of  the  tightening  roller  un- 
der the  vanner  belt;  D  has  no  connec- 
tion to  the  dipping  roller  G.  The  axle  E 
is  suspended  from  the  frame  of  the  table 
by  the  hanger  F.  By  using  a  worm  gear, 
a  delicate  adjustment  of  the  table  is 
made  possible  and  there  is  much  more 
likelihood  of  the  vanner  man  keeping  his 
tables  in  adjustment  if  there  is  a  mini- 
mum of  exertion  required  for  perfecting 
these  adjustments. 

The  dotted  lines  in  the  drawing  indi- 
cate another  arrangement  by  which  the 
same  result  is  obtained.  The  rod  R  is 
fastened  to  C,  which  is  connected  by  a 
short  lever  D'  that  transmits  the  mo- 
tion to  the  axis  of  the  roller  E,  as  in  the 


A  Level  Rod  Attachment 


By   Lee    Fraser  * 


The  level-rod  attachment  shown  in  the 
accompanying  illustration  was  devised  by 
L.  T.  Eaton  to  facilitate  the  routine  of 
leveling  and  recording  the  level  notes. 
Its  main  feature  is  to  enable  the  level 
man  to  read  inches  on  the  ordinary  rod 
which  is  divided  in  tenths.  The  attach- 
ment consists  of  a  scale  12  in.  long,  di- 
vided into  inches  and  fractions.  It  is 
fastened  to  the   target   by   a   nut   and   a 


boat   is   an  important    factor   in   the   con- 
sideration   of   any   dredging    problem. 

It  is  usual  to  treat  the  timbers  of  the 
hulls  with  "carbolineum,"  or  some  such 
wood  preservative,  but  even  when  this 
precaution  is  taken,  unless  pains  are  also 
taken  to  afford  good  ventilation  in  the 
hull,  dry  rot  will  soon  get  through  the 
coating  of  preservative  and  into  the  tim- 
bers. On  the  No.  3  Folsom  boat  of  the 
Natomas  Consolidated  of  California,  op- 
erating in  the  American  river  field,  arti- 
ficial ventilation  of  the  hull  is  being  tried 
with  a  view  to  increasing  the  life  of  the 
timbers.  Air  is  forced  into  the  hull  by 
an  8-in.  fan  blower,  built  by  the  Ameri- 
can Blower  Company  and  operated  at 
1800  r.p.m..  The  air  is  forced  in  at  one 
end  of  the  hull,  and  the  intermediate 
hatches  are  battened  down  so  that  cir- 
culation is  enforced  throughout  the  en- 
tire length  of  the  hull.  It  is  hoped  bv 
this  means  that  rotting  of  the  timbers 
will  be  checked,  and  it  is  evident  from 
the  Cost  of  the  boat  that  prolonging  its 
life  for  even  a  few  months  will  pay  many 
times  over   for  the   extra  cost  involved. 


i' 


The  Enj/incerinj  $  -Vimny  Juumat 


Level-rod    Attachment    for    Convert- 
ing Tenths  of  a   Foot   to   Inches 

thumb  screw  A  passing  through  a  hole  in 
the  target  so  that  the  zeros  of  both  target 
vernier  and  scale  coincide.  The  scale  may 
be  readily  constructed  upon  a  strip  of 
bristol  board  1'4  in.  wide  and  15  in. 
long,  which  is  then  pasted  upon  a  strip  of 
wood  ;$  in.  thick,  1 ',s  in.  wide  and  16  in. 
long.  The  application  of  several  thin 
coats  of  varnish  affords  excellent  pro- 
tection to  the  scale. 

Use  of  the  Attachment 

The  method  of  using  the  attachment 
is  extremely  simple.  It  is  fastened  to 
the  target  and  the  target  is  then  set  upon 
that  foot  division  of  the  rod  above  which 
it  is  desired  to  read.  The  reading  m 
feet  is  then  taken  directly  upon  the  rod, 
while  the  inches  are  read  directly  upon 
the  scale. 


•Minins   eneinppr,    Almnsarez   Goldflelds  of 
Costa    Rica.    I'untaienas,    C.    R. 


July  30.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


203 


The  uses  to  which  this  device  may  be 
put  are  many  and  varied.  It  has  special 
advantages  over  an  architect's  rod  in  con- 
struction work,  by  reason  of  its  porta- 
bility and  ready  adaptability  to  use  with 
the  customary  rod  graduated  in  tenths. 
In  the  work  of  cross-sectioning  roads 
and  pavements  for  estimates,  and  for  set- 
ting grades,  much  unnecessary  and  tedi- 
ous  labor  is   obviated   by   its  use. 


Skip  Loader    at    the  Original 
Consolidated 


The  Handling  of  Wet  Concentrates 

By  M.  J.  Elsing  * 

At  Cananea,  Me.x.,  the  wet  concen- 
trates from  the  Cananea  Consolidated 
mill  are  loaded  into  small,  narrow-gage 
railroad  cars  and  transported  to  the  main 
ore  bins.  From  these  bins  they  are  fed 
to  a  belt  conveyer  which  passes  through 
the  sampling  works  to   the  mixing  beds. 

A  simple  ingenious  device  has  been 
introduced  which  greatly  reduces  the  cost 
and  the  labor  of  handling  this  wet  ma- 
terial. From  the  jarring  and  the  settling 
that  it  receives  in  the  railroad  cars  the 
wet  concentrates  become  so  firmly 
packed  that  even  after  the  bottom  ot 
the  car  has  been  released,  the  concen- 
trates will  not  fall  from  the  car.  For- 
merly it  was  necessary  for  two  men  to 
do  considerable  barring  in  order  to  dis- 
lodge the  concentrates  and  empty  the 
car.  A  compressed-air  device  is  now 
used  which  saves  all  barring. 

Use  of  Compressed  Air 

The  device  consists  of  a  I '4 -in  pipe, 
approximately  9  ft.  long,  with  a  snort 
piece  of  pipe  attached,  which  is  pointed 
at  one  end  with  a  hole  in  it  about  '4 
in.  in  diameter.  The  shorr  piece  is  at- 
tached with  an  ordinary  pipe  coupling. 
At  the  other  end  of  the  long  pipe  there 
is  a  valve  attached  and  an  ordinary  air 
hose.  This  is  then  connected  with  an  air 
main  under  a  pressure  of  from  80  to  90 
pounds. 

With  this  device  a  Mexican  stands  on 
each  end  of  the  railroad  car,  thrusting 
the  pointed  end  well  toward  the  bottom 
of  the  loaded  car.  and  turns  on  the  air. 
The  result  is  that  with  a  small  a  nount  of 
barring  with  this  device  the  car  is  quick- 
ly unloaded.  The  concentrates  are  liter- 
ally blown  out.  Formerly  it  took  from 
one  to  I'j  hours  to  unload  a  train  of 
from  six  or  seven  cars.  It  is  now  done 
in  about   15  to  20  minutes. 

The  device  is  again  used  in  feeding 
the  concentrate  from  the  steel  bins  to  the 
belt  conveyer.  A  steady  feed  is  ob- 
tained with  the  expenditure  of  only  a 
small  amount  of  air  and  labor.  The  in- 
troduction of  this  device  has  reduced  'I'e 
labor  and  the  cost  of  handling  the  wet 
concentrates  and  perhaps  it  will  be  ap- 
plicable in  other  camps. 

•Mlnlnc    ..nKinwr,    l!,.x    S2.-,.    Blsbpc.    Ariz. 


At  the  Original  Consolidated  mine, 
Butte,  Mont.,  a  novel  skip-loading  ar- 
rangement is  being  used  in  place  of  the 
ordinary  ore  pocket  discharging  directly 
into  the  shaft.  The  ground  at  this  mine 
is  rather  heavy  and  it  was  not  thought 
advisable  to  take  away  support   from  the 


clear  above  the  station  proper,  is  cut  and 
timbered  with  12xl2-in.  material,  as  is 
shown  in  the  accompanying  drawing.  The 
top  of  the  station  timbers  forms  a  plat- 
form upon  which  a  man  can  stand  while 
operating  the  air  gates  on  the  chute. 
At  the  third  station  set  from  the  shaft 
a  two-compartment  raise  inclined  toward 
the  station  at  80  deg.  from  the  horizontal, 
is  put  up  to  the  level  above.  This 
chute  is  carried  4  ft.   10  in.  square  over- 


Skip  Loading  Arraiigi'incnt  for 

Original  Consolidated  Mining  Co. 

Ori^nal  Mine.     Butte,  Montana. 

Scale  H  Inch  =3  Feet 


shaft  by  cutting  out  the  ground  for  skip- 
pockets.  By  using  small  apron  chutes 
mounted  on  wheels,  the  skips  were  for- 
merly loaded  directly  from  cars.  This 
method  is,  however,  slow  and  requires 
too  much  labor  shifting  and  dumping  the 
cars,  etc.  To  avoid  this,  the  arrange- 
ment shown  in  the  accompanying  draw- 
ing was  devised  and  has  already  been 
installed  on  several  levels  of  the  mine. 
Above  the  ordinary  station.  10  ft.  high 
in  the  clear,  an  additional  space,  6'.;    ft. 


all  and  is  limbered  with  lOxlO-in.  mate- 
rial framed  in  7-ft.  sets,  with  dividers  of 
5x10  material  midway  of  each  set.  The 
chute  compartments  are  lined  with  5x10 
material  on  the  bottom,  and  3x10  on  the 
top  and  sides.  The  inclined  raise  ter- 
minates at  its  lower  end  in  the  hopper- 
bottom  pocket  A.  The  chutes  are  pro- 
vided with  steel  gates,  operated  by  com- 
pressed-air cylinders  li.  The  discharge 
is  into  a  long  sheet-steel,  swinging 
spout  C.  the  lip  D  of  which,  when  turned 


204 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


down  projects  into  the  shaft  far  enough 
to  deliver  rock  into  the   skip. 

The  steel  apron-chute  is  pivoted  at  its 
top  end,  so  that  the  lower  or  oischarge 
end  may  be  swung  to  either  shaft  com- 
partment. This  chute  is  supported  by  a 
chain  £,  that  is  fastened  to  the  pulley  F. 
This  pulley  runs  on  a  short  track,  thus 
enabling  the  spout  to  be  easily  swung. 
The  lip  of  the  spout  is  connected  by  a 
line  passing  over  two  blocks,  to  the  coun- 
terbalance C.  This  weight  serves  to  keep 
the  lip  raised,  so  that  the  spout  will 
swing  clear  of  the  shaft  timbers.  The 
counterbalance  is  lifted  and  the  lip  let 
down  when  a  skip  is  to  be  loaded,  the 
spout  being  swung  out  of  the  way  when 
not  in  use. 

When  loading  a  skip,  one  man  climbs 
up  to  the  platform  and  operates  the  air 
gate  on  the  raise  (or  pocket),  while  an- 
other swings  the  spout,  lowers  the  lip 
and  calls  out  when  the  skip  is  filled.  By 
having  the  loading  arrangement  at  a  sta- 
tion instead  of  below  in  the  shaft,  time 
and  labor  are  saved.  The  inclination  of 
the  raise  carries  it  to  the  level  above  at 
a  point  far  e'nough  away  from  the  shaft, 
so  that  the  nuisance  of  having  cars 
block  the  station  is  done  away  with. 
Having  the  approach  to  the  shaft  clear 
is  an  important  advantage  of  this  skip 
loader. 


Safety  Dump  for  Sinking  Bucket 


Automatic  Car  Dump 

By  H.  J.  Nelms* 


A  car  dump  which  is  capable  of  hand- 
ling two  cars  per  minute  may  be  easily 
and  cheaply  constructed  as  shown  in  the 
accompanying  illustration.  The  dump  is 
built  to  revolve  on  a  common  car  axle, 
or  an  axle  2'/{.x2'/S  in.,  if  possible  to 
obtain.  The  rails  which  form  the  dump- 
n  n  n  n    j=^^  . 


XC 


Cnr  W;h(-el 


M 


TItt  i^uu'mceriTfj  J( Mining  Joui 

Dumping    Device    for    Ore    Car 

ing  device  are  just  long  enough  to  hold 
the  car  truck  and  the  forward  end  is 
turned  up  in  the  form  of  a  horn  to  hold 
the  car  in  place  when  it  is  turned.  The 
car  to  be  dumped  is  run  on,  and  just  Be- 
fore reaching  the  horn  two  chains  fast- 
ened to  a  tie  in  the  main  track  are  con- 
nected to  the  top  of  the  rear  end  of  the 
car.  As  soon  as  the  car  reaches  the  horn 
the  dump  revolves  on  the  axle  and  turns 
the  car  to  a  vertical  position.  The  chains 
hold  the  car  from  turning  over  too  far. 
The  long  plank  fastened  to  the  ties  be- 
tween the  rails  extends  about  5  ft.  on 
the  main  track.  Two  old  car  wheels 
are  fastened  on  the  end  of  the  plank  to 
bring  the  car  back  to  place  when  dumped. 
The  device  here  described  is  used  for 
handling   slate    in    western    Pennsylvania. 

•Cnstip    SIi.TniKin.    P'-iiii. 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  sat- 
isfactory and  novel  method  of  automati- 
cally dumping  a  sinking  bucket.  The 
scheme  was  used  in  sinking  from  the, 
3150  to  the  3300  level  in  the  Kennedy 
mine,  Jackson,  Amador  county,  Cal.  Sink- 
ing was  conducted  in  the  third,  or  pipe 
and  manway,  shaft  compartment  so  that 
hoisting   was  not   interrupted. 

At  the  upper  level  station  a  wooden 
wing  door  W  is  hinged  so  that  when  re- 
leased after  the  bucket  has  been  raised 
above  the  level,  it  swings  from  a 
nearly  vertical  position  to  one  across  the 


flap  door  from  swinging  beyond  the  posi- 
tion indicated.  The  bucket  is  then 
hoisted,  this  swinging  the  iron  door  back 
against  the  wooden  wing  door.  The  en- 
gineer then  pulls  back  the  wing  door 
and  at  the  same  time  leleases  the  dogs 
holding  the  crosshead.  The  bucket  may 
then  be  lowered  for  another  load. 

The  operation  of  dumping  is  automatic 
save  for  the  swinging  of  the  wing  door. 
However,  the  man  operating  the  hoist  at- 
tends to  this  without  leaving  his  position 
at  the  engine.  The  men  at  work  in  the 
shaft  are  absolutely  protected  from  fall- 
ing rocks  while  the  bucket  is  being 
dumped.  The  bucket  dumps  into  the 
regular    pockets,    and    the    rock    may    be 


The  Eiij/interinfi  ^  Mining  Jciii-nal 

Arrangement  Used  at  Kennedy  Mine    for  Du.vipinc  Sinking  Bucket 


shaft  compartment  as  is  shown  in  the 
drawing.  In  this  position  it  completely 
closes  the  shaft.  A  second  door  A'  built 
of  sheet  iron  is  hinged  at  its  lower  edge 
to  the  wing  door  and  fastened  to  it  by  a 
chain  C  at  its  upper  edge.  There  is  an  iron 
lug  L  riveted  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
iron  door.  From  the  bottom  of  the  bucket 
is  rigidly  suspended  by  four  iron  straps,  a 
circular  hoop  R  of  1-in.  drill  steel. 

When  the  bucket  is  raised  above  the 
level,  the  same  lever  that  drops  the  wing 
door  throws  out  the  dogs  or  chairs  D 
which  hold  the  crosshead  while  the  bucket 
is  dumping.  On  releasing  the  bucket  the 
iron  hoop  engages  the  lug  and  the  weight 
of  the  loaded  bucket  swings  down  the 
iron  door  into  the  position  shown  by 
the  dotted   lines.     The  chain   keeps  this 


drawn  into  the  skip  in  either  of  the  hoist- 
ing compartments. 


Sand  Filling  at  Village  Main 
Reef  Plant* 


A  large  brick  chamber  to  facilitate 
sand  filling  at  the  Village  Main  Reef 
mine.  South  Africa,  is  in  course  of  com- 
pletion near  one  of  the  outcrop  shafts. 
The  compartment,  built  helow  the  ground 
level,  is  about  40  ft.  long  and  is  divided 
into  two  sections  by  a  longitudinal  wall. 
The  larger  of  the  two  sections  consti- 
tutes a  kind  of  hopper,  to  which  sand 
will  be  conveyed  by  means  of  an  endless 
rope   track    from   the   tailings   dump.   The 

*Sni(lli      \fi-irciil     Mill.    .hiKill..    .\]U\    '.W.    I'.IIO. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


205 


remaining  compartment  will  contain  the 
pumping  gear.  The  floor  of  the  sand  bin 
will  slope  at  a  25  per  cent,  grade  to 
a  launder  in  this  latter  section,  where 
wide  openings  in  the  longitudinal  wall 
will  permit  of  water  flushing  from  a 
series  of  jets  at  a  pressure  of  about 
100  lb.  per  in.  Thence  along  a  fall  of 
about  12  per  cent.,  the  material  will  flow 
to  a  neighboring  shaft,  down  which  it 
will  be  conveyed  in  a  5-in.  pipe  to  the 
workings.  The  brick  bins  will  contain 
about  500  tons  of  sand  and  probably 
some  1000  tons  will  he  sent  down  per 
diem. 

The  Village  Deep  will  be  first  sup- 
plied, and  a  little  later,  when  the  neces- 
sary arrangements  are  completed,  the 
Village  Main  Reef  will  commence  the  fill- 
ing process.  About  1.000.000  tons  of 
cyanide-free  tailings  are  already  avail- 
able for  the  purpose,  and  no  difficulty  is 
foreseen  in  keeping  the  plant  going  on 
the  same  kind  of  material,  even  without 
neutralizing  it.  In  any  event  samples 
will  be  taken  regularly  24  hours  ahead 
of  the  trucks,  so  that  no  danger  what- 
ever need  be  apprehended.  No  effort, 
in  fact,  will  be  spared  to  avoid  the  small- 
est  possibility   of  danger. 


Reinforced  Concrete  Reservoirs^^ 


Bv  J.  B.  Hensont 

In  effecting  a  combination  of  steel  and 
concrete  for  any  particular  purpose,  great 
care  must  be  exercised  in  proportioning 
the  steel  to  the  stresses  to  be  resisted  and 
placing  it  in  the  body  of  concrete,  where 
it  will  prove  most  effective.  The  con- 
crete forms  the  body  of  the  structure,  re- 
sists the  compression  stresses,  enables 
the  desired  shapes  and  forms  to  be  ob- 
tained, maintains  the  steel  reinforcement 
in  the  position  assigned  to  it,  and  protects 
it  from  corrosion. 

In  designing  the  shell  of  a  reinforced- 
concrete  reservoir,  the  tensile  strength  of 
the  concrete  is  not  taken  into  account,  de- 
pendence being  placed  entirely  upon  the 
embodied  steel  rods  to  resist  the  bursting 
pressure  of  the  water.  The  accompany- 
ing diagram  shows  the  thickness  of  shell, 
the  position  and  size  of  the  horizontal 
steel  reinforcement  in  the   reservoir. 

Thc  Pklaw   Main  Reservoir 

The  Pelaw^  main  reservoir  at  Cessnock, 
N.  S.  W.,  is  65  ft.  in  diameter,  and  25 
ft.  high.  Its  capacity  is  500,000  gal. 
Before  any  concrete  was  deposited  on  the 
lock  bottom,  the  whole  surface  was  thor- 
oughly tested  for  soundness,  by  being 
struck  with  a  heavy  sledge.  Wherever 
the  sound  indicated  a  hollow,  further  ex- 
amination was  made  and  in  this  way 
hidden  defects  were  cut   out.     A   liberal 


•Kxi-crpt ;  t'rtun  n  pnpcr  rend  Ijeforo  Ilir 
NorlliPin  KmrliH'iTiiie  Institute,  Xew  Castli'. 
V.   S.   W. 

T\fwrjistl(».    \.    S.    \V. 


time  was  allowed  for  the  concrete  filling 
to  set,  and  on  the  platform  thus  formed 
the  reservoir  was  erected. 

The  floor  is  formed  of  1-2-4  concrete 
without  reinforcement,  except  near  the 
base  of  the  wall,  where  the  vertical  '4- 
in.  wall  rods  are  turned  horizontally  and 
extend  into  the  floor  concrete  for  a  length 
of  2  ft.  3  in.  These  rods  were  placed  in 
position  when  the  concrete  of  the  floor 
was  laid,  and  are  spaced  4  in.  apart,  a 
water  pipe  was  erected  at  the  center  of 
the  reservoir  floor  and  a  radius  rod  at- 
tached thereto  was  used  for  setting  out 
the  base  of  the  wall  and  the  vertical  rods 
of  the  reinforcement. 

Details  of  Construction 
The   wall   or  shell   is   reinforced   con- 


Uoucrvie  5 


0\-erflow  Lurel 
^f  — 


Diafcrnni  ahoivlng  water 
prcasurt-  Diid  0.25  of  ultiniutv 
^  Btrt^ugtli    of    the    burizoiital 

Section  of  Reinforced  Concrete 
Reservoir 


Crete  and  h.Ts  a  finished  thickness  of  1 1 
in.  at  the  base  and  5  in.  at  tiie  top.  The 
concrete  is  composed  of  one  part  cement, 
two  parts  sand,  and  two  parts  blue-metal 
screening.  The  reinforcement  consists  of 
steel  rods,  placed  horizontally  and  ver- 
tically, and  tied  together  with  22-gage 
black  iron  wire  at  each  crossing.  The 
lowest  rods  are  1  in.  in  diameter;  the 
next  above,  's-in.,  and  so  on  by  re- 
dvction  of  's  in.  until  is-in.  rods  are 
employed  at  the  top.  A  factor  of  safety 
of  four  was  used  in  designing  the  rein- 
forcement necessary  to  resist  the  pres- 
sure.     The   ends   of   all   the    rods    were 


cogged  about  2  in.  to  insure  a  good  hold 
in  the  concrete.  The  overlap  provided  for 
the  rod  varied  from  1  ft.  8  in.  at  the  top 
to  3  ft.  4  in.  at  the  bottom  of  the  reser- 
voir. 

Concrete  Forms 
The  forms  used  were  made  of  lxl2-in. 
dressed  Oregon  boards,  connected  so  as 
to  form  one  continuous  band  for  the 
outside,  and  a  similar  band  for  the  inside. 
Three  pairs  of  such  forms  were  used; 
two  forms  having  been  made  fairly  se- 
cure, concrete  was  deposited  between 
them  in  6-in.  layers,  each  well  rammed 
and  the  concrete  worked  into  the  meshes 
of  the  reinforcement.  A  thin  steel  paddle 
was  worked  against  the  side  of  the  form 
to  insure  a  good  solid  face  on  the  con- 
crete, hnmediately  before  fresh  concrete 
was  deposited  upon  that  previously  set, 
the  surface  was  cleansed  with  water  and 
brushed  over  with  neat  cement.  The 
forms  were  kept  in  position  48  hours  be- 
fore removal. 

SUHFACING  THE   RESERVOIR 

On  completion  of  all  the  concrete  work, 
the  floor  and  inside  face  of  the  walls  were 
surfaced  or  plastered  with  cement  mortar, 
composed  of  one  part  cement  and  one 
part  sand.  The  surface  was  then  brushed 
all  over  with  neat  cement.  The  outside 
face  of  the  shell  was  also  plastered  with 
mortar  composed  of  one  part  cement  and 
two  parts  sand. 

Cost  of  Construction 

The  total  cost  of  this  reservoir  was 
£2287,  which  is  at  the  rate  of  £4  1  Is.  6d. 
per  1000  gal.  capacity.  The  Neath  reser- 
voir, constructed  in  the  same  district,  is 
55  ft.  in  diameter,  23  ft.  high,  and  has  a 
capacity  of  .^00,000  gal.  It  cost  £2012, 
which  is  £t)  14s.  l',d.  per  1000  gal.  ca- 
pacity. 


An  Emergency  Wrench 


A  wrench  made  to  tighten  a  5-in.  lock- 
nut  when  there  was  no  wrench  at  hand 
large  enough  for  the  purpose,  is  de- 
scribed in  Power.  Two  pieces  of  flat 
iron,  one  piece  being  2  ft.  long  and 
the  other  7  in.  long,  were  obtained. 
Two    holes    were    drilled    in    each    piece 


13       c 


'.  Nut 


m 


T    r  T 


;© 


®; 


/v»»F.  .V.  r. 

Details  of  Emergency  Wrench 

6  in.  apart  and  bolts  slipped  through, 
connecting  the  two  pieces.  Then  two 
pieces  of  iron,  5  in.  long,  were  cut 
and  placed  between  the  drilled  pieces, 
tightening  down  on  the  nuts. 


206 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


Agitating  Apparatus  for  Slimes 


In  U.  S.  patent  951,742,  March  8,  1910, 
J.  E.  Rothwell  and  R.  P.  Akins,  of  Den- 
vsr,  describe  an  apparatus  for  agitating 
pulp  or  solutions  in  the  treatment  of  ore. 
The  inventors  have  assigned  their  patent 
to  the  Colorado  Iron  Works  Company, 
Denver,  Colo. 

The  accompanying  illustration  is  a  sec- 
tion of  the  apparatus  which  is  operated 
as  follows:  When  the  tank  A  is  filled 
with  the  desired  charge,  the  centrifugal 
pump  B  is  started,  and  the  inner  tube  C 
is  raised  to  allow  the  sand  that  has  set- 
tled at  the  apex  of  the  tank  to  flow  into 
the  solution  discharged  by  the  pump.  The 


ferred  to  an  adjoining  similar  tank.  By 
closing  the  valve  in  N,  the  discharge 
from  the  pump  may  be  diverted  into  the 
au.xiliary  pipe  M  when  it  is  desired  to 
wash  the  solids  from  the  interior  of  the 
filter. 


Tlir  iViyirnt.  illy  .\  M<m»i,  J-uiviai 

Pulp  Agitator 

mixture  is  forced  up  through  C  and  is 
discharged  between  the  distributing  cones 
D  and  E.  The  coarse  material  settles  at 
the  bottom  of  the  tank,  while  the  fine 
slime  and  solution  flow  beneath  the  lower 
edge  of  the  trap  F  into  the  annular  space 
between  it  and  tube  G,  next  into  the 
space  H  and  is  drawn  from  there  by  the 
suction  of  the  pump  and  then  forced  up 
through  the  tube  C  again,  carying  with 
it  the  coarse  material  that  has  settled. 
Thus  the  mixture  entering  the  pump  is 
kept  free  from  the  sand  and  coarser  par- 
ticles, as  only  the  slimes  and  solution  are 
fed  to  it,  so  there  is  little  wear  on  the 
runner  and  the  interior. 

A  decanting  filter  K  surrounds  perfor- 
ated pipes  L,  with  outlets  for  drawing 
off  the  filtrate,  to  thicken  if  necessary 
the  charge  in  the  tank.  By  means  of  the 
vane  O  and  its  flow  pipe  a  proportional 
quantity   of   the    charge    may   be    trans- 


Iron  Occurrences  in  the   Eastern 
Half  of  the  United  States 


The  accompanying  map  shows  the  dis- 
tribution of  iron  ore  in  the  eastern  and 
central  portion  of  the  United  States.  In 
the  tabulated  list  which  follows  the  refer- 
ence number  to  the  map,  district,  variety 
of  ore  and  number  of  mines  active  during 
1908  in  each  district  are  given  in 
sequence.  This  map  was  compiled  and 
recently  published  by  the  U.  S.  Geologi- 
cal Survey.  The  bulletin  also  included 
in  the  ore  occurrences  listed  those  in  the 
western  portion  of  the  United  States,  but 
only  such  as  are  shown  on  the  map  are 
here  mentioned. 

NEW    ENGLAND. 

1 — Central  Vermont,  mountain  and  valley 
brown    ore 0 

2 — Berkshire  Hills,  mountain  and  valley 
brown    ore 2 

3 — Sallsbur.v,  mountain  and  valley  brown 
ore    1 

4 — Iron  Mine  Hill,  titaniferous  magnetite     0 

NEW  YORK. 
1 — I.yon    mountain,    nontitaniferous    mag- 
netite          1 

2 — Saranac  valley,  nontitaniferous  mag- 
netite          0 

3 — Arnold  hill,  nontitaniferous  magnetite     0 
4 — Split      Roclc      mountain,      titaniferous 

magnetite     0 

.1 — Little  Pond,  titaniferous  magnetite...      0 
6 — MlDeville-Port    Henry,    nontitaniferous 

magnetite    7 

7 — Hammond\'ille-Crown  Point,  nontitan- 
iferous   magnetite 0 

8 — LaliP    Sanford.    titaniferous    magnetite     0 
9 — Minerva,    nontitaniferous    magnetite.  .      0 
10 — Fort    Ann.    nontitaniferous    magnetite     Q 
11 — Northwestern  New  Yorlc,  red  hematite     1 
12 — Lawrence  county,  nontitaniferous  mag- 
netite          1 

13 — Port  Leyden,  titaniferous  magnetite..      0 
14 — Salisbury,  nontitaniferous  magnetite.  .      0 
15 — West-Central   New  Yorls.  riinton   hem- 
atite          8 

16 — Columbia    and    Dutchess   counties, 

mountain   and    valley   brown   ore 0 

17 — Southeastern   New   York,   nontitanifer- 
ous   magnetite ' 2 

NEW  JERSEY. 

1 — Northern  New  Jersey,  nontitaniferous 

magnetite    10 

1 — Northern  New  Jersey,  brown  ore J 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1 — Central  Pennsvlvanla.  Clinton  hem- 
atite          8 

1 — Central  Pennsylvania.  Orlskany  brown 
ore    4 

2 — Lehigli  Valley,  mountain  and  valley 
brown   ore ".      9 

•^ — Durham,    nontitanlferuus    magnetite..      0 

4  —  Rittenliouse  gap.  nontitaniferous  mag- 
uelile     0 

5 — Wheatfield-Boyertown,  Cornwall  mag- 
netite          0 

6— Heading,  mountain  and  valley-  brown 
ore     0 

7 — Iloneybrook,  riotintain  and  valley 
brown    ore 0 

8 — rhestnut  iiill.  mountain  and  valley 
brown    ore 0 

0 — Lancaster  county,  mountain  and  val- 
ley  brown    ore.  ." .      0 

10  — Lebanon   county,   mountain  and  valley 

t)rowu    ore 0 

11  Cornwall.    Cornwall    magnetite.......      1 

12—  I>aut>bln   county,   mountain  and  valley 

lu'own    ore.  .  .  .' 0 

13  M\imiuelstown.  Cornwall  magnetite.  .  0 
14—  Cutnbcralnd     and     Eranklin     counties, 

mountain  and  valley  brown  ore 0 

l.*!-   Dlllsbnrg.    Cornwall    magnetite 0 

Ifi — York     county,     mountain     and     valley 

brown    ore .  ." 3 

17 — Western     Pennsylvania,     bedded    Iron 

carbona  tp    0 


MARYLAND. 

1 — Ebbvale,  mountain  and  valley  brown 
ore    .* 2 

2 — Frederick  county,  mountain  and  valley 
brown  ore \ 

3 — Muirkirk,  cretaceous  Iron   carbonate.  .      0 

OHIO. 

1 — Hanging  Rock,  bedded  Iron  carbonate  11 
2 — Eastern  Ohio,  bedded  Iron  carbonate..     0 

KENTUCKY. 

1 — Hanging  Rock,  bedded  iron   carbonate  0 

2 — Bath  county,  bedded  iron  carbonate. .  0 

2 — Bath  county.  Clinton  hematite 1 

2 — Bath  county,  Orlskany  brown  ore....  0 

3 — Trigg  county,  MIssissippIan  brown  ore  1 

WEST  VIRCINiA. 
1 — Harpers    Ferry,    mountain   and   valley 

brown  ore 1 

2 — Central     West    Virginia,    bedded    Iron 

carbonate    0 

3 — Monroe  and  Greenbrier  counties,  Orts- 

kany  brown  ore 1 

%'IRGINIA. 
1 — Great      North      mountain,       Orlskany 

brown  ore 0 

2 — Massanutten    mountain,    Orlskany 

brown    ore 0 

a — Blue     Ridge,     mountain     and     valley 

brown    ore 4 

4  -  Buchanan-Blue    Ridge    Springs.    (Tam- 

t)rian  specular  hematite 3 

.■i — .lames  Itiver  Valley,  specular  hematite     0 
6     .\lleghany    county    and    vicinity,    Orls- 
kany  brown   ore ". 7 

Ct — Alleghany  county  and  vicinity  Clin- 
ton hematite 1 

7 — Giles  county,  limestone  magnetite....  0 
8 — Pittsville,  nontitaniferous  magnetite.  .      1 

8 — Pittsville,   Gossan  ore 1 

9 — Franklin  county,  nonitaniferous  mag- 
netite         0 

10 — Patrick    countv,    nontitaniferous    mag- 
netite          0 

11  —  Carroll  county.  Gossan  ore 0 

12 — Floyd  count.v.  Gossan  ore 0 

13 — New      River',      mountain      and      valley 

brawn    ore 24 

13 — New   River.   Orlskany  brown   ore 3 

14 — Washington     countv.     limestone     mag- 
netite         1 

15 — Lee   and   Wise   counties.   Clinton   hem- 
atite          1 

TENNESSEE. 
1 — Western       Tennessee.       MIsslssIppian 

brown   ore 10 

2— Goodlettsvllle.    red   hematite 2 

.3 — Uockwood,  Clinton  hematite 5 

4 — LaFoIiette.    Clinton    hematite 5 

5 — Eastern     Tennnessee.     mountain     and 

valley   Itrown   ore (J 

6 — Ducktown.   Gossan  ore 4 

7 — Sylco  creek,  mountain  brown  ore 0 

8 — Chattanooga.  Clinton  hematite 1 

NORTH   CAROLINA. 

1 — Ashe  county,  nontitaniferous  and  ti- 
taniferous  magnetite 0 

2 — Cranlierry,    nontitaniferous     magnetite  1 

2 — Cranberry,   specular  hematite 0 

3 — Greensboro,    titaniferous   magnetite.  .  .  0 
4 — Kings  mountain,  nontitaniferous  mag- 
netite       0 

B — Cherokee  county,   mountain  brown  ore  0 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

1 — Yorkvllle,    nontitaniferous    magnetite    0 

GEORGIA. 

1— Estelle.  Clinton  hematite 1 

2 — Tunnel     hill,     mountain     and     valley 

brown    ore . 0 

3 — Elii.iay.  mountain  and  valley  brown  ore  1 
4 — Sugar     valley,     mountain     and     valley 

brown   ore .  . ". 0 

5 — Big  Texas  valley,  mountain  and  val- 
ley   brown    ore 0 

fl — Rome,    valley   brown    ore 0 

7 — Cartersvllle.      mountain      and      valley 

thrown  ore fl  . 

8 — Cedartown-Rock     Run,     valley     brown 

ore    fl  , 

9 — Chalybeate,  brown  ore 1 

ALABAMA.  , 

1 — RussellvlIIe,    MIssissippIan   brown   ore    3 

2 — Gadsden.    Clinton   hematite 7 

3 — Birmingham.  Clinton  hematite i 

4 — 'I'alladcga,  Cambrian  specvilar  hematite 
5 — Cedartown-Rock    Run,    mountain    and 

valley  brown  ore « 

6  .Annlslon-Ironnton,  mountain  and  val- 
ley  brown    ore 5 

7 — Woodstock,      mountain       and      valley 

lirown    ore " 

8 — Champion,  mountain  and  valley  brown 

ore     1 

9 — Oca mpo  Shelby,  mountain  and  valley 
brown    ore *  , 

T,AKE  SUPERIOR  DISTRICT. 

1 — Vermilion,  pre-cambrlan  hematite....  J 
2 — Gunillnt.  pre  caniluMan  magnetite....  0 
3 — l\Iesai)l,    pre-cambrlan    liematite 89 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


207 


4— Ciiyuna,  pre-cambrlan  hematite 0      12 — Menominee,    precambrlan    hematite..  9  4 — Iron    Mountain-rilot     Knob,     specular 

5 — renokee-GoKeblc.      pre-canibnan     bem-  K; — Florence,   preoambrliin   hematite 1  porphyry    hematite 1 

ante  '0      1* — Baraboo.   pre-cambrlan   hematite 1  5 — Ozark",  specular  sandstone  hematite..  4 

Y' — Spring    Valley,    bog   ore 1         6 — Ozark,   Ozark   brown   ore T 

16 — Iron    Ridge,   Clinton    hematite 0        7 — Osage  river.  Ozark  brown  ore 1 


JURQI'F.TTE. 

6 — Marquette,  pre-cambrlan  hematite,,..    21 

7 — Swanzy,    pre-camhriau    hematite .< 

8 — Republic,  pre-cambrlan  hematite 1 

MFNOMINEE. 

9 — Crysial    Falls,    pre-cambrlan    hemaliie     S 


10 — Metropolitan,    pre-cambrlan    hematite.      8        2 — Moselle,"  Ozark  browji  ore O 

11 — Iron    Itlver,  pre-cambrlan   hematite...      9        S — Irondale.  Ozark   brown   ore 0 


IOWA. 

1      Waukon,   brown   ore 0 

MISSOT-RI. 

1 — t'allaway^  cai'bonll'tTou.s   red   hematite     (i         1  —  Xoi-theastern  Texas,    hrown   ore 3 

.'enlral    Texas,    nontltanlferous     mag- 


I.OriSI.\NA. 
1 — Northwestern      I^iulslana,       Claiborne 
brown    ore 0 

TEXAS. 


netl  te    0 


nt  FnalnMring  f  Mining  jMimal 

Map  Showing  the  Distribution  of  Iron  Ore  in  Eastern  Half  of  the  United  States 


208 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


American  Chemical    Society  at  San  Francisco 

SAN  FRANCISCO  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  forty-second  meeting  of  the  Amer- 
ican Chemical  Society  was  held  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  July  12  to  16  inclusive. 
A  special  train  was  made  up  at  Chicago 
on  July  4  for  the  eastern  members  of  the 
society.  Leaving  Chicago,  the  partv 
stopped  at  a  number  of  important  places 
in  Colorado,  Arizona,  and  southern  Cal- 
ifornia. 

The  special  train  carrying  delegates  to 
the  convention  was  wrecked  at  Rocky 
Point  between  Metz  and  King  City,  Cal., 
on  the  coast  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific, 
36  miles  south  of  Salinas.  The  engineer 
and  the  fireman  were  both  killed.  The 
convention  party  made  up  of  prominent 
chemists  throughout  the  United  States  es- 
caped with  only  a  few  slight  injuries. 

General  Meeting 

July  13  was  devoted  to  registration  and 
a  general  meeting.  The  session  opened 
with  an  address  of  welcome  by  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  California  section,  to 
which  President  Bancroft  made  reply. 
The  following  papers  were  presented  and 
discussed  at  this  session: 

"Positive  Photography,"  by  W.  D.  Ban- 
croft. 

"Liquid  Ammonia  as  a  Solvent  and  the 
Ammonia  System  of  Acids,  Bases  and 
Salts,"  by  E.  C.  Franklin. 

"Chemistry  in  the  Bureau  of  Stand- 
ards," by  W.  F.  Hillebrand. 

"The  Use  of  Sodium  Benzoate  as  a 
Preservative  of  Food,"  by  H.  E.  Barnard. 

Session  of  the  Industrial  Division 

At  this  meeting,  held  July  14  the 
smelter-smoke  problem  was  the  principal 
topic  of  interest.  Papers  relating  to  it 
were  read  by  W.  C.  Ebaugh,  F.  G.  Cot- 
trell,  Charles  Baskerville,  and  Edmund 
O'Neill,  and  a  general  discussion  fol- 
lowed. Professor  Cottrell  illustrated  his 
talk  with  many  slides,  which  showed  the 
electrical  devices  constructed  at  Berkeley 
for  doing  away  with  smoke,  and  the  re- 
sults accomplished  at  the  plant  of  the 
Selby  Smelting  and  Lead  Company.  Pro- 
fessor Ebaugh,  of  the  University  of 
Utah,  read  a  paper  on  the  neutralization 
and  filtration  of  smelter  smoke.  A  paper 
sent  by  Charles  Baskerville.  of  New 
York,  concerning  smoke  in  cities  was  also 
read  and  discussed.  This  paper  covered 
the  history  and  legal  aspect  of  the  smoke 
question. 

Among  the  papers  presented  at  the 
industrial  division  may  be  mentioned  the 
following: 

"Scum  or  Efflorescence  on  Brick."  by 
A.  F.  Greaves-Walker. 

"The    Composition    of   Solids     Precipi- 


tated from  the  Atmosphere  during  a 
•Salt  Storm,"  "  by  W.  C.  Ebaugh. 

"The  Influence  of  Varying  Quantities  of 
Litharge  in  an  Assay  Charge."  by  Ken- 
neth  Williams. 

"Problems  in  Industrial  Chemistry." 
by  J.  T.   Baker. 

"The  Scientific  Use  of  Crude  Pe- 
troleum as  a  Source  of  Power,"  by  Leon 
Labonde. 

"Alloys  of  Nickel  and  Cobalt  with  the 
Metals  of  the  Chromium  Group,"  by  El- 
wood   Haynes. 

"Factors  Affecting  the  Electrolytic 
Method  for  the  Determination  of  Copper 
in  Ores,"  by  W.  C.  Blasdale. 

"Rust  as  an  Accelerator  in  the  Corro- 
sion of  Iron  and  Steel,"  by  W.  D.  Rich- 
ardson. 

"The  Electrolytic  Determination  of 
Zinc  in  Ores,"  by  George  Kemmerer. 

"Rapid  Estimation  of  Available  Cal- 
cium Oxide  in  Lime  Used  in  Cyanide 
Work,"  by  L.  W.  Bahney. 

Division  of  Physical  and  Inorganic 
Chemistry 

At  the  session  of  the  Physical  and  In- 
organic Chemistry  Division,  a  number  of 
papers  were  read  and  discussed.  Frank 
K.  Cameron,  of  Washington,  presented  a 
valuable  paper  on  a  study  of  the  solubil- 
ity of  soils. 

At  this  session,  W.  D.  Bancroft,  presi- 
dent of  the  society,  described  his  new 
method  of  salvaging  sulphated  storage 
cells,  which  will  be  of  much  practical 
use.  When  electric  storage  battery  cells 
become  sulphated,  they  ordinarily  are 
thrown  away,  and  if  they  can  be  utilized, 
a  great  saving  is  to  be  effected.  Mr. 
Bancroft's  regeneration  process  makes 
them  quite  as  good  as  new.  Among  the 
papers  which  were  presented  at  this  di- 
vision may  be  mentioned  the  following: 

"Stratification  in  Suspensions,"  by  F. 
K.  Cameron  and  E.  E.  Free. 

"The  Rate  of  Consolidation  of  Kaolin 
Precipitates,"  by  F.  K.  Cameron  and  E.  E. 
Free. 

"The  Action  of  Alkalis  on  Kaolin  Sus- 
pensions," by  F.  K.  Cameron  and  E.  E. 
Free. 

"The  Temperatures  of  the  Carborun- 
dum Furnaces,"  by  Wilder  D.  Bancroft. 

"Salvaging  Sulphated  Storage  Cells," 
by  Wilder  D.  Bancroft. 

"An  Exact  Electrolytic  Method  for  De- 
termining Some  Metals,"  by  W.  L.  Perdue 
and  G.  A.  Hulett. 

"The  Solubility  of  Strontium  Nitrate  in 
Solutions  of  Strontium  Hydroxide."  by  C. 
1..  Parsons  and  C.  L.  Perkins. 

"Comparative  Analyses  of  Water  from 


Great  Salt  Lake,"  by  Wallace  MacFar- 
lane. 

"Improvements  in  Molecular  Weight 
Determinations  by  the  Boiling  Point 
Method,"  by  L.  B.  Shipley  and  J.  O. 
Ziebolz. 

"The  Influence  of  Organic  Liquids  upon 
the  Interaction  of  Hydrogen  Sulphide  and 
Sulphur  Dioxide,"  by  David  Klein. 

"Some  Interrelations  of  the  Carbide 
and  Nitride  of  Magnesium,"  by  F.  G. 
Cottrell. 

"Rapid  Determination  of  Mercury,  Sil- 
ver. Bismuth  and  Copper  by  means  of 
Stationary  Electrodes."  by  R.  C.  Benner. 

"A  Rotating  Graphite  Anode,"  by  J. 
W.  Turrentine. 

"Apparatus  for  the  Determination  of 
Arsenic,"  by  Otis  D.  Swett. 

"Mechanical  Stimulus  to  Crystalliza- 
tion," by  S.  W.  Young. 

"Conductivity  of  Some  Solutions  in 
Ammonia  Water  Mixtures,"  by  Wm.  H. 
Sloan. 

"Cuprous  Nitrate,"  by  Wm.   H.  Sloan. 

Sessions  of  Other  Divisions 

At  the  Division  of  Agricultural  and 
Food  Chemistry  33  papers  were  presented, 
dealing  with  various  phases  of  agricul- 
tural and  food  chemistry.  Under  the  Di- 
vision of  Organic  Chemistry,  10  papers 
were  also  read  and  discussed.  Under 
the  Division  of  Pharmaceutical  Chemis- 
try; 10  papers  were  presented. 

E.XCURSIONS   AND   ENTERTAINMENTS 

On  July  14  an  excursion  was  made  to 
Mt.  Tamalpais,  and  the  Muir  woods.  The 
night  was  spent  at  the  tavern  on  the  sum- 
mit of  the  mountain.  Early  Thursday 
morning  the  party  returned  by  special 
steamer,  to  Berkeley.  On  July  15,  a  spe- 
cial train  and  steamer  conveyed  the  party 
to  the  plant  of  the  Selby  Smelting  and 
Lead  Company. 

There  was  also  a  special  steamer  trip 
around  the  bay  at  San  Francisco  and  out 
through  the  Golden  Gate.  A  trip  through 
Chinatown  was  also  one  of  the  features 
of  the  Friday  entertainments.  Saturday 
was  spent  automobiling  through  the  city 
to  Golden  Gate  Park,  the  Cliff  and  the 
Presidio.  On  Sunday,  July  17,  there  was 
an  excursion  to  the  Italian  Swiss  colonies 
at  Asti,  where  an  opportunity  was  given 
to  see  one  of  California's  most  productive 
valleys  at  a  time  when  the  vineyards  are 
at  their  best.  On  July  18  a  steamboat 
excursion  was  given  up  the  Sacramento 
river  and  return  by  rail. 

After  the  San  Francisco  entertainments 
were  concluded,  a  short  visit  was  made 
to  the  Pugct  Sound  country. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING  JOURNAL 


209 


Minerals  on  the  Line  of  the  Grand 
Trunk    Pacific 


A    detailed    official    statement    respect- 
ing  the   mineral    wealth   oi   the   country 
now  being  opened  up  by  the  construction 
of  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  railway,  west 
from  the  Edmonton  to  Prince  Rupert,  B. 
C,  has  been  issued   from  the  headquar- 
ters of  the  company.     It  states  that   the 
first  true  coals  along  the   line  are   found 
in  the   Pembina,   Brazean   and   Big   Horn 
field.      Here   bituminous  coal    of   a    high 
grade   has   been   discovered,   and   boring 
shows  some   of  the   seams   to   be   thiclc. 
Several    large    properties    are    are    to    be 
developed.      The    Kanasaski    Coal    Com- 
pany,   the    German     Development    Com- 
pany  and    the    Canadian    Northern    Rail- 
way    Company — a     line    that     will     also 
strike    for     the    Yellowhead — have    done 
prospecting  work  and  conditions  are  good 
for  the  working  of  the  seams.    The  next 
valuable    seams    are    in    the    Yellowhead 
Pass   and   adjacent   thereto.      Here    bitu- 
minous coal  of  30  and  40  ft.  in  thickness 
is   found,  and  owing  to  the  mountainous 
country    they    pitch    considerably.      The 
Grand  Trunk   Pacific,  the  O'Brien   inter- 
ests   of   Cobalt    and    other   concerns    are 
getting  to  work.     Along  the  Fraser  river 
some  high-grade  coal  is  in  evidence,  es- 
pecially on  the  Bear  river,  where  seams 
of  good  showing  have  been  located.     On 
the    Telkwa    river   the    Kitimat    Develop- 
ment Syndicate,  the  Transcontinental  Ex- 
ploration Syndicate  and  the  Cassiar  Coal 
Company   have   properties.     The   Telkwa 
coal   is  of  anthracite  quality,  five  or  six 
feet  thick  and   lies  in   fairly  undisturbed 
ground.     In  this  region  coal  also  outcrops 
at  Driftwood  creek,  Morricetown,  on  the 
Zymoter  or   Copper  river,   on   the   Gold- 
stream,  and  along  other  creeks  and  rivers. 
Placer  gold  mining  is  active  over  most  of 
this  country,   but   quartz   mining   has   re- 
ceived little  attention.     The  Guggenheim 
Exploration   Company    has   properties    in 
the  Cariboo.    At  Hazelton  a  good  galena 
vein  has  been  struck,  and  past  this  dis- 
trict many  discoveries  of  ore  and  placer 
gold  have  been  made  in  the  Skeena  coun- 
try.     Iron,    zinc,    platinum,    gypsum    and 
building  stone   are    found   in   this  region, 
to  the  north  of  which  oil  has  been  struck. 
In  the  Prince  Rupert  country  a  group  of 
Canadian   and    American  capitalists   con- 
trol an  Trea  of  about  5000  acres  contain- 
ing gold,  silver,  lead  and  copper.     In  the 
new    mining    district    opened    up    to    the 
north  of  Prince   Rupert   on   the    Portland 
canal,    near    the    Alaska    boundary,    the 
principal  camp  attracts  widespread  atten- 
tion, the  Provincial  government  having  in 
a  single  day  sold  half  a  million  dollars 
worth  of  lots.     The  vein  in  which   min- 
eral is  found  has  already  been  tested  for 
20   miles,   and    mineral    experts    declare 
that  this  district  is  a  mineralized  moun- 
tain   range.      Surface     indications    show 


that    in    places   an   entire    mountain    side 
will  sell  for  the  mineral  values. 

The  whole  of  the  country  north  of  a 
line  drawn  from  Hazelton  to  Lesser  Slave 
lake  is  practically  unprospected,  but  has 
every  appearance  of  being  rich  in  min- 
erals. A.  50-ft.  seam  of  coal  outcrops  as 
far  north  as  the  Mackenzie  river,  and  a 
natural  gas  and  oil  belt  exists  north  of 
Lesser  Slave  lake.  Operations  have 
hitherto  been  practically  prohibited,  ow- 
ing to  the  isolation  of  the  country  and 
the  heavy  cost  of  taking  in  material.  But 
the  advent  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific, 
which  invades  the  heart  of  the  rough 
country,  is  expected  to  begin  an  era  of 
real  development  for  the  Canadian  North- 
west. 


The  Situation  in  Alaska 


Special  Correspondence 


With  the  election  of  J.  H.  Young  as 
president  of  the  Northwestern  Commer- 
cial Company,  and  of  the  Alaska  Steam- 
ship Company,  all  of  the  Morgan-Gug- 
genheim interests  in  Alaska  will  be  ad- 
ministered from  Seattle,  including  the 
steamships,  the  Copper  River  railroad, 
and  the  copper  mines  in  the  Copper  River 
basin  and  on  Latouche  island  in  Prince 
William  sound.  S.  W.  Eccles.  J.  M. 
Young,  M.  R.  Guggenheim,  D.  H.  Jarvis 
and  Stephen  Birch  are  among  the  di- 
rectors. The  Seattle  holdings  are  not  rep- 
resented in  the  directorate. 

Trains  on  the  Copper  River  railroad  are 
now  running  from  Cordova  to  the  steamer 
landing  at  mile  104  on  the  Copper  river 
and  by  Jan.  1,  it  is  expected  that  trains 
will  be  in  operation  to  the  Bonanza  mine 
terminal.  195  miles  from  Cordova.  The 
tramway  from  the  Bonanza  mine  to  the 
terminal  has  already  been  built,  and  by 
the  time  the  railroad  is  completed,  sev- 
eral thousand  tons  of  copper  ore  wil!  be 
ready  for  shipment.  It  is  expected  that 
the  government  will  have  the  winter  trial 
finished  from.  Copper  Center  to  Chitina, 
35  miles,  and  travelers  to  Fairbanks  can 
then  go  by  this  route,  thus  avoiding  the 
two  high  siunniits  on  the  Valdez  trail. 
The  railroad  is  now  within  28  miles  of 
Chitina.  which  promises  to  be  the  most 
considerable  town  in  the  interior.  Tele- 
graph and  telephone  lines  have  already 
been  established  connecting  with  Cor- 
dova. According  to  Stephen  Birch,  the 
ore  from  the  recently  acquired  Beatson 
copper  mine  on  Latouche  island  will  be 
taken  to  Cordova  and  there  transshipped 
to  the  Tacoma  smeltery.  On  the  opening 
up  of  Alaskan  coal  mines,  a  smeltery 
may  be  built  in  Alaska  for  the  treatment 
of  local  ores. 

The  railroad  from  Katalla  to  the  Bering 
River  coalfield  has  already  been  partially 
built,  and  could  be  completed  in  a  few- 
months,  Aloney  is  appropriated  for  this 
purpose.  As  the  Syndicate  is  now  pay- 
ing over  $10  per  ton  for  British  Columbia 


coal,  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  inten- 
tion of  completing  the  coal  road  as  soon 
as  the  Department  of  the  Interior  will 
allow  the  coal  to  be  mined.  The  state- 
ment of  President  Taft  at  Detroit  in  re- 
ferring to  the  Alaskan  coalfields,  that 
"certainly  we  should  not  shut  out  the 
present  generation  entirely  in  dealing 
with  over  natural  wealth,"  is  taken  as  a 
favorable  sign  by  the  many  coal-land 
claimants  at  Katalla,  Seattle  and  else- 
where, who  are  patiently  waiting  for  pat- 
ents. The  report  of  Admiral  Dewey  that 
the  Alaskan  coal  would  be  a  benefit  to 
the  Navy  may  also  act  as  a  lever  to 
hasten  the  machinery  of  the  land  office. 
In  fact  L.  I.  Sharp  and  Andrew  Christen- 
sen,  special  agents,  have  already  been 
ordered  to  further  investigate  the  Cun- 
ningham and  Greene  claims,  which  led 
to  the  Ballinger-Pinchot  controversy.  It 
is  reported  that  the  boats  of  the  Coast 
and  Geodetic  Survey  will  use  local  coal 
for  their  work  in  the  Cook  inlet  region 
this  summer,  but  as  the  coal  claimants  in 
that  vicinity  sell  coal  from  their  claims 
up  for  patent,  it  will  be  secured  from  a 
vein  cropping  out  between  high  and  low 
tide  near  Homer  on  Cook  inlet. 


A  Mining  Congress  in  Belgium 

At  the  close  of  the  meeting  of 
the  Congres  de  la  Propriete  Miniere  at 
Nancy,  France,  in  July,  1909,  it  w-as  re- 
solved to  meet  in  Brussels  in  1910,  and 
at  that  time  to  celebrate  the  centennial 
of  the  organic  mining  law  of  1810.  That 
law.  which  has  served  as  a  model  for 
the  principles  underlying  so  much  mod- 
ern legislation,  is  still  in  force  and  not- 
withstanding various  attacks  made  upon 
it  remains  still  the  supreme  law  in 
France,  in  Belgium  and  in  Holland.  The 
principal  subjects  to  be  considered  at  this 
year's  meeting,  which  will  be  held  in 
Brussels.  Belgium,  Sept.  15-17,  include 
papers  on  the  basis  of  mining  property; 
the  management,  opening  and  control  of 
mines;  labor  in  mines;  cooperative  work 
and  ownership;  accidents  and  safety  ap- 
paratus; miner's  dwellings;  the  diseases 
to  which  miners  are  especially  liable  and 
their  remedies;  mining  legislation  in  for- 
eign countries  and  in  European  colonies; 
and  the  unification  of  mining  legislation 
in  different  countries.  In  addition  to  this 
there  will  be  some  historical  papers  on 
the  law  of  1810  and  on  the  outgrowth 
of  mine  legislation  from  it.  The  general 
secretary  of  the  Congress  is  Emile  Did- 
ier,  23  Rue  d'Amiens,  Lille,  Belgium. 

It  may  be  added  that  the  international 
exposition  at  Brussels,  which  will  be 
open  at  th;  time  of  the  Congress,  wmII 
show  the  progress  of  the  mining  indus- 
try grouped  in  a  systematic  manner.  In- 
stead of  exhibitions  of  particular  mines 
as  at  former  affairs  of  this  kind,  there 
will  be  a  general  exhibit  showing  the 
growth  of  the  mining  industry. 


210 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


The    Tuolumne-North    Butte 
Controversy 


In  order  to  properly  set  forth  its  po- 
sition in  the  suit  recently  commenced 
against  it  by  the  North  Butte  Mining 
company,  the  directors  of  the  Tuolumne 
Copper  company  have  prepared  and  sub- 
mitted for  the  information  of  the  general 
public  the  following  statement  accom- 
panied by  diagrams  prepared  from  the 
accepted  survey: 

"The  recent  suit  brought  by  the  North 
Butte  Mining  Company  against  the  Tuo- 
lumne Copper  Mining  Company  and  the 
comments  made  thereon  by  newspapers 
friendly  to  the  plaintiff  have  in  some  in- 
stances misled  the  public  as  to  the  exact 
nature  of  the  controversy.  When  the 
Jessie  owners  made  aplication  for  patent 
in  1882,  the  owners  of  the  Tuolumne, 
being  the  older  location,  filed  an  adverse 
suit  claiming  part  of  the  ground  em- 
braced in  the  Jessie  lode.  Instead  of 
lit-gating  this  question  the  owners  of  the 
both  claims  arrived  at  a  settlement  or 
compromise,  by  which  the  boundary  line 
of  both  the  claims  was  agreed  upon  and 
fixed.  The  Jessie  owners  surrendered  a 
strip  of  ground  claimed  by  the  Tuolumne 
and  deeds  were  executed  in  1882,  convey- 
ing this  strip  by  the  Jessie  owners  to 
the  owners  of  the  Tuolumne,  by  which 
conveyance  this  strip,  called  the  compro- 
mise strip,  became  part  of  the  Tuolumne 
claim,  although  patented  by  the  Jessie. 
This  compromise  strip,  with  the  balance 
of  the  Tuolumne  lode,  was  held  by  the 
Tuolumne  owners  until  1906,  when  the 
Tuolumne  Mining  Company  was  incor- 
porated and  became  vested  with  the  full 
title  to  the  Tuolumne  lode,  including  this 
compromise  strip,  and  the  entire  property 
has  been  held  and  operated  ever  since 
by  the  company. 

North   Butte's  Interest  in  the  Com- 
promise Strip 

"In  September,  1909,  John  G.  Moroney, 
for  t^e  North  Butte  Mining  Company, 
purchased  for  a  nominal  consideration 
an  alleged  three-eighths  interest  in  this 
compromise  strip  from  a  former  owner 
who  claimed  that  this  interest  had  not 
passed  on  account  of  a  faulty  description 
in  his  prior  deed.  Moroney  deeded  this 
interest  to  the  North  Butte,  which  holds 
the  same  for  litigation  purposes,  and 
without  any  right  to  any  interest  therein. 
All  the  ore  that  has  been  or  is  now  being 
mined  by  the  Tuolumne  company  is  from 
this  compromise  strip.  In  the  suit  insti- 
tuted by  the  North  Butte  Mining  Com- 
pany the  plaintiff  does  not  claim  that  it 
has  any  apex  rights  in  this  strip,  but  only 
founds  its  claim  on  the  three-eighths  in- 
terest acquired  by  Moroney.  It  admits 
the  ownership  of  the  Tuolumne  company 
in  an  undividing  five-eighths  interest  in 
this  strip.  The  plaintiff  claims  apex  rights 
in  the  Tuolumne  claim  lying  south  of  this 


compromise  strip,  but  there  has  been  no 
ore  extracted  from  this  portion  of  the 
property  and  the  contention  of  the  defen- 
dant is  that  there  is  no  foundation  in  law 
or  in  fact  for  any  claim  on  the  part  of 
the  North  Butte  Mining  Company  to  any 
portion  of  the  veins  in  defendant's  prop- 
erty, wherever  situated.  The  complaint 
asks  for  a  temporary  injunction,  but  as 
yet  no  order  to  show  cause  has  been 
issued  nor  any  time  set  for  hearing  of 
plaintiff's  application  in  this  regard." 


Conditions    at    the    North    Butte 
Mine 


A  report  on  the  conditions  and  develop- 
ments during  the  first  six  months  of  1910 
at  the  North  Butte  mine,  Butte,  Mont., 
has  just  been  issued  for  the  benefit  of 
stockholders  in  the  North  Butte  Mining 
Company.  President  James  Hoatson 
states  that  since  the  issuance  of  the  an- 
nual report  the  company  has  acquired  the 
remaining  outstanding  interests  in  the 
Croesus  and  West  Gem  claims,  and  also 
the  westerly  end  of  the  Sioux  Chief 
claim.  The  Croesus  claim  was  purchased 
by  the  issuance  of  10,000  shares  of  the 
treasury  stock  of  the  company,  and  the 
West  Gem  and  Sioux  Chief  interests  were 
acquired  by  exchanging  the  Gem  mill 
site  claim  and  certain  fractional  interests 
in  other  claims  which  were  not  considered 
of  much  value  to  the  North  Butte  com- 
pany. The  report  of  James  D.  Pope,  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  company,  sets  forth 
the  developments  at  the  mine  in  the  peri- 
od under  consideration  as   follows: 

Sh.^ft   Work 

In  the  Speculator  shaft  a  sinking  sta- 
tion was  cut  on  the  2000  level  in  April 
and  May,  and  the  shaft  was  sunk  72' j 
ft.  in  June,  giving  a  total  depth  of  2319' j 
ft.  The  cutting  of  a  station  on  the  2400 
level  is  stated  to  be  in  progress  and  it 
is  planned  to  resume  work  on  the  shait 
as  soon  as  this  is  completed,  sink  it  400 
ft.  deeper,  cut  the  2600  and  2800  sta- 
tions and  open  these  two  levels  simultan- 
eously. 

The  Granite  Mountain  shaft  has  been 
connected  from  the  surface  to  the  700 
level,  and  the  raise  under  this  shaft 
has  been  completed  from  the  1200  to  the 
1000  level.  Raising  to  connect  with 
this  shaft  is  also  in  progress  from  the 
1000,  1600  and  1800  levels.  A 'total  of 
696  ft.  have  been  raised  from  the  various 
levels  under  the  shaft. 

Work  on  the  Edith  May  Vein 
On  June  30  the  winze  on  the  Edith  May 
vein  was  down  77'..  ft.  below  the  2200 
level.  It  showed  ore  for  a  depth  of  50 
ft.,  at  which  depth  the  ore  dipped  flatter 
than  the  winze,  throwing  the  winze  into 
the  foot-wnll  so  that  for  the  last  27 
ft.   ore  onlv   showed   on   one  side   of  the 


winze.  The  ore  in  the  winze  has  aver- 
aged from  5  to  10  ft.  in  width  and  has 
assayed  from  5  to  12  per  cent,  copper, 
practically  all  of  it  being  of  better  than 
6  per  cent,  grade.  The  winze  will  be  con- 
tinued to  the  2300  level  before  the  ore  is 
crosscut.  The  only  other  developTient  on 
this  vein  has  beeen  the  eastward  exten- 
sion of  the  drift  on  the  2000  level,  and 
is  stated  to  have  proved  ore  to  extend 
without  break  to  the  east  property  line. 
The  ore  is  from  5  to  7  ft.  wide,  assaying 
from  3  to  7  per  cent,  copper. 

Operations  on  the  Jessie  Vein 

.A  crosscut  south  from  the  700  level  of 
the  Gem  mine  has  encountered  ore  below 
the   old   stopes   of  the   Jessie  mine,   and 
drifts  have  been  extended  65  ft.  on  this 
ore  without  finding  its  boundaries.     The 
ore  shows  from  8  to  15  ft.  wide  and  as- 
says   from   4'j    to   Q'/i   per  cent,   copper 
and  7'j    to    17  oz.  silver  per  ton.     It  is 
figured  that  36,820  tons  of  ore  averaging 
6.8  per  cent,   copper  and    11.7  oz.  silver 
per  ton  have  been  developed.     The   1000 
level    has   been    retimbered    and    connec- 
tions  with   the   orebody    above   described 
will  be  made  as  rapidly  as  possible.  The 
1700   level   has   been   extended   west   203 
ft.  and  has  opened  up  a  fine  body  of  ore 
to   the   west   of  the   present   stope.     The 
ore    ranges    from    10   to    16    ft.    in    width 
and   averages   from  3' 2   to  9.'/>   per  cent, 
copper.      The    1800    drift    has    been    ex- 
tended west  under  this  and  has  encoun- 
tered the  same  orebody,  which  apparent- 
ly dips  to  the  west.     On  the  2000  level 
drifts  have  been  extended  both  east  and 
west  until  511  ft.  have  been  opened  on  the 
vein,   which   shows   an   average   width  of 
10  ft.  assaying  over  5'j  per  cent,  copper. 
The  face  of  the  east  drift  now  shows  20 
ft.  of  ore,  assaying  5'j  per  cent,  copper. 
The  west  drift  has  just  encountered  poor 
ground.     On  the  2200  level  the  ground  is 
badly  faulted  and  the  east  drift  has  been 
stopped   for  the  present  at  a  distance  of 
313   ft.   from  the  crosscut,  but  the  west 
drift  now  80   ft.   long,  is  being  extended 
to   prove   the   ore   found   in   the    1800. 

Develop.ment  of  the  South  Gem  Vein 

The  1800  drift  on  the  South  Gem  vein 
has  run  out  of  ore  about  300  ft.  west  of 
the  crosscut,  up  to  which  point  the  ore 
averaged  about  6  per  cent,  copper,  vary- 
ing in  width  from  1  to  6  ft.  The  2000 
drift  has  bepn  driven  260  ft.  west,  show- 
ing, for  l.'^O  ft.  of  this  distance,  4  ft.  of 
ore  assaying  4'  per  cent,  copper  and  5 
oz.  silver  per  ton.  The  drift  on  the  2200 
level  is  being  extended  west  to  encounter 
this  orebody. 

Crosscutting  has  been  begun  to  extend 
the  1800,  2000  and  2200  levels  under  the 
CrcRSus  claim.  On  the  1800  a  vein  has 
been  encountered  which  is  not  believed  to 
he  the  main  Crcesus  vein,  but  which 
showed  5  ft.  of  ore,  assaying  5  per  cent, 
copper  and  5  oz.  silver  per  ton  in  the 
crosscut.      Driftinc   on   this   it   narrowed 


July  30.  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


211 


to  1  ft.  in  width  going  east  and  2  ft.  going 
west,  in  a  distance  of  15  ft.  The  ore  is 
of  a  different  character  from  any  copper 
ore  previously  developed  in  the  North 
Butte  mine,  as  it  consists  of  a  heavy 
pyrite  containing  enargite  and  showing  a 
good  deal  of  rhodochrosite.  which  is  not 
generally  found  in  connection  with  copper 
ore  in  Butte.  The  drifts  are  being  ex- 
tended both  east  and  west  on  this  vein 
and  the  crosscut  is  also  being  driven  to 
the  north.  The  crosscuts  on  the  2000  and 
2200  levels  are  not  yet  far  enough  north 
to  reach  this  vein. 

Production  and   Develop.ment 
Summarized 

During  the  first  six  months  of  1910 
the  following  development  work  has  been 
done:  Speculator  shaft,  72',  ft.;  Edith 
May  winze.  77'..  ft.;  crosscuts,  2582  ft.; 
drifts.  4321  ft.;  raises,  1712':.  ft.;  to- 
tal, 8765',  ft.  There  have  been  mined 
and  shipped  203,904  tons  of  ore  as  fol- 
lows: First  class,  20,284  tons;  second 
class.  183,521;  precipitates,  74;  leaser's 
ore,  25  tons. 

Tr.e  work  of  cutting  a  sinking  station 
and  sinking  the  Speculator  shaft  has  in- 
terfered with  the  extraction  of  ore,  and 
the  tonnage  mined  has  been  considerably 
less  than  it  could  have  been  had  this 
work  not  been  done.  This  work  and  the 
large  amount  of  other  development  work 
carried  on,  including  work  on  the  Granite 
Mountain  shaft,  has  also  largely  in- 
creased the  expense  during  this  period. 
Ore  in  sight  in  the  various  levels  and 
stopes  is  stated  as  follows:  Edith  May 
vein,  649,720  tons;  Jessie  vein.  2.33,710; 
Speculator  vein,  4100;  Adirondack  vein, 
8000;  South  Gem  vein,  7650;  Croesus 
vein,  1360;  total,  904,540  tons,  of  an 
average  grade  of  4M  per  cent,  copper 
and  3  oz.  silver  per  ton.  The  increased 
value  in  silver  over  the  value  shown  on 
Jan.  1,  1910,  is  due  to  the  increased  ton- 
nage shown  by  the  Jessie  vein  and  the 
Gem  and  Croesus  veins  to  the  north  of 
the  Jessie. 

The  development  work  which  it  is 
planned  to  do  during  the  next  three 
months  will  include  sinking  the  Specula- 
tor shaft  and  cutting  a  station  on  the 
2400  level;  sinking  the  Edith  May  winze 
to  the  2300  level  and  drifting  on  that  level 
on  the  Edith  May  vein;  crosscutting  the 
Crresus  claim  on  the  1800,  2000  and 
2200  levels  and  drifting  on  the  veins 
found  by  these  crosscuts;  developing  the 
west  end  of  the  Jessie  vein  on  the  1800, 
2000  and  2200;  drifting  on  the  South 
Gem  vein  on  the  2000  and  2200  levels; 
drifting  east  on  Edith  May  vein  on  the 
2200-ft.  level,  and.  if  possible,  without 
hindering  the  production  of  ore,  cross- 
cuttinc  to  the  .Adirondack  vein  on  the 
2000  and  2200  levels.  The  work  on  the 
Granite  Mountain  shaft  will  be  continued 
and  necessary  work  will  be  done  in  con- 
nection with  the  Tuolumne  controversy. 
Both  the  North  Butte  and  Tuolamne  com- 


panies have  done  much  work  to  prove 
their  positions  regarding  the  ownership 
of  the  Jessie  fraction  a  three-eighth 
interest  of  which,  and  of  all  ores  mined 
therefrom,  is  claimed  by  the  North  Butte 
Mining  Company. 


The  Directorship  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines 

Washington  Correspondence 


Director  George  Otis  Smith,  of  the 
Geological  Survey,  now  chief  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  Mines,  ad  interim,  has  dictated 
the  following  authorized  statement  in  re- 
sponse to  the  criticism  relating  to  his 
campaign  for  the  appointment  of  E.  W. 
Parker,  of  the  Geological  Survey  as  head 
of  the  Bureau  of  Mines: 

"Newspaper  comment  on  my  indorse- 
iTient  of  a  candidate  for  the  directorship 
of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  has  been  called 
to  my  attention.  No  secrecy  has  been 
sought  by  me  regarding  this  action  or 
activity.  In  bringing  the  candidacy  to 
the  attention  of  friends,  I  have  acted 
entirely  in  a  personal  and  not  official 
way.  but,  of  course,  I  appreciate  that  I 
cannot  divorce  my  official  position  from 
whatever  I  might  wish  to  do  simply  in 
a  personal  way.  Moreover,  I  realize  that 
my  interest  in  the  organization  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines,  and  in  the  inauguration 
of  its  work  as  an  independent  bureau,  is 
largely  actuated  by  official  connection 
with  this  work  for  three  years  while  it 
has  been  under  my  supervision,  and  by 
reason  of  my  position  as  director  of  the 
coordinate  bureau  in  the  same  depart- 
ment. 

"Criticism  of  my  interest  in  the  selec- 
tion of  the  director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  might  have  been  avoided  had  I 
simpiv  indorsed  another  candidate,  whose 
friends  have  since  been  outspoken  in 
their  criticism  of  my  action  as  taken.  The 
reason  for  following  the  dictates  of  my 
own  judgment  as  well  as  the  counsel  of 
my  associates  in  the  Survey  came  wholly 
from  a  desire  to  insure  for  the  new  bu- 
reau at  the  outset  such  policy  and  pro- 
cedure as  conform  to  my  ideas  of  the  best 
type  of  governmental  administration.  Be- 
ing well  acquainted  with  the  two  candi- 
dates, I  naturally  and  properly  indorsed 
the  one  whom  I  considered  was  better 
qualified  to  serve  what  I  regard  as  the 
best  interests  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
and  of  the  public." 

It  has  become  known  here  that  Mr. 
Smith's  telegraphic  campaign  in  behalf 
of  E.  W.  Parker  was  carried  on  by  the 
sending  of  messages  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  a  type: 

"Peter  B.  Scotland,  Clifton,  Ariz.: 

"Urge  endorsement  to  President  of 
Edward  W.  Parker,  now  chief,  mineral 
resources.  Geological  Survey,   for  direc- 


tor Bureau  of  Mines.  Several  prominent 
engineers  refuse  to  be  candidates.  I  be- 
lieve appointee  should  be  one  under 
whom  new  bureau  will  and  can  cooper- 
ate with  Survey.  Parker  has  support  of 
Hays,  Lindgren,  Campbell,  Brooks,  and 
other  survey  associates. 

"George   Otis   Smith." 
Telegrams    of   a    similar   nature    were 
sent  to  a  large  number  of  persons. 


Pig  Iron  Production  in    1910 


The  American  Iron  and  Steel  Associa- 
tion has  collected  and  published  the  com- 
plete statistics  of  the  production  of  pig 
iron  for  the  first  half  of  the  year  1910. 
This  production  was  the  largest  ever  re- 
ported in  a  similar  period.  The  follow- 
ing table  shows  the  make  of  pig  iron  in 
the  United  States  for  four  years  past,  in 
long  tons: 

Fiist         Socond 

Halt.  Half.  Year. 

i'«i" la.iTK.tm   r.2.n(t).3i7  -iis.Tsi.aci 

l'J<« li,'.llK,0(«       ■.1,1118.014     l.'i.<j:«>.018 

190« ll,l|->2,346    1*.77:),125    •25.795.471 

IMIO IS.OlJ.SIfi      

The  increase  in  production  in  the  first 
half  of  1910  as  compared  with  the  second 
half  of  1909  was  239,267  tons,  or  1.6 
per  cent.;  as  compared  with  the  first  half 
of  1909  it  was  3,990,046  tons,  or  36.2  per 
cent.  In  the  first  half  of  1910  we  ex- 
ceeded by  1,223,150  tons  the  production 
of  the  whole  year  1900,  when  13,789,242 
tons  were  made. 

The  production  classified  according  to 
the  uses  for  which  the  iron  was  intended, 
is  given  in  the  following  table,  compari- 
son being  made  with  both  halves  of  the 
year  1909: 

, igoii J      I'.iin. 

First  Si'i-ciid  First 

Half.  IlJilf.  Half. 

Foundry  ami  forge. . .    2.9K3.319  :t,:)9«.:)i4  a.an.'i.iKW 

liessi'mer  piK 4.472.48-2  G,()84.iKK  i;.:«:t,i<K:i 

Ha.'ilc  piK 3,-297,581  4,952,044  4,'.15:l.mu 

Oharciial  In.n 171,389  -JtM.GU  2I9.r.53 

Splegi'l  and  furrii 91.575  l.l'?.4G5  129,978 

T"tal ll,ir.22.:«C  14,773,125  1.5.(112.392 

The  bersemer  production  in  the  first 
half  of  1910  includes  1 18,466  tons  of  spe- 
cial low-phosphorus  pig.  The  production 
of  spiegeleisen  was  84,602  and  of  ferro- 
manganese  45,376  tons.  Charcoal  iron  in- 
cludes a  few  tons  made  in  the  electric 
furnace.  As  compared  with  the  second 
half  of  1909,  bessemer  pig  showed  an  in- 
crease of  239,795  tons,  or  3.9  per  cent.; 
while  basic  was  practically  stationary,  the 
increase  being  only  1166  tons.  This  is 
rather  a  reversal  of  recent  movements. 

The  production  classified  according  to 
fuels  used  was  as  follows  for  the  first 
half  of  1910. 

Tons.  Per  Cent. 

Ookr> 14.4I«,IIOO  9fi.03 

MIxid  Anllirarltfl  and  coke..       .371.957  2.48 

Anthrarlle  alone 4,782  0.03 

Cliarcoal 219,65it  1.46 

Total is.0W.392       100.00 

Charcoal,  as  above  stated  includes  a 
small  quantity  made  in  the  electric  fur- 
nace. Coke  includes  also  a  small  quantity 


212 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


made  with  raw  bituminous  coal.  Practi- 
cally 97  per  cent,  of  the  iron  was  made 
with  coke  as  fuel. 

The  number  of  furnaces  in  blast  on 
June  30,  1910,  was  293,  compared  with 
338  on  Dec.  31  and  258  on  June  30,  1909. 
There  were  180  furnaces  out  of  blast  on 
June  30.  There  were  374  furnaces  actually 
inblastduring  all  or  a  partof  the  half-year. 
On  June  30  last  there  were  si.\  furnaces  be- 
ing rebuilt,  all  to  use  coke;  while  16  new- 
furnaces  were  under  construction.  15  in- 
tended to  use  coke  and  one  charcoal. 


crude  oil  nave  run  into  the  sea,  only  a 
few  hundred  feet  from  the  field  of  op- 
eration, on  account  of  lack  of  adequate 
storage  facilities. 


Activity  in  Trinidad  Oilfields 


The  determination  of  the  British  gov- 
ernment to  use  oil  for  fuel  on  its  naval 
vessels  and  the  general  increase  in  the 
consumption  of  oil  throughout  the  world 
has  greatly  stimulated,  according  to 
United  States  Consul  Franklin  D.  Hale. 
the  exploitation  of  the  oilfields  of  Trin- 
idad. Experts  from  the  United  States 
and  England  are  at  present  investigat- 
ing the  extent  and  character  of  the  oil- 
fields and  exploration  work  is  being  done 
at  a  number  of  points  on  the  island.  Re- 
ports of  marvelous  new  finds,  etc.,  are  a 
daily   occurrence. 

Extensive  Oilfield  Claimed 

The  attention  of  investigators  is  par- 
ticularly directed  toward  the  southern 
half  of  the  island  and  reports  from  that 
region  seem  to  indicate  that  a  field  from 
500  to  800  square  miles  in  extent  will 
be  proved.  In  all  probabilities  the  oil- 
bearing  region  will  extend  below  the 
Gulf  of  Paria  and  w-estward  beyond  the 
region  of  the  1200-acre  Pitch  lake,  at 
Guanaco,  which  is  operated  by  an  Amer- 
ican company,  to  the  Gulf  of  Maracaibo. 
Should  all  of  this  territory  prove  oil  bear- 
ing, this  will  undoubtedly  be  one  of  the 
largest  oilfields  in  the  world. 

London  Company  Drills  Wells 

The  holdings  of  the  Canadian  com- 
pany, amounting  to  about  25,000  acres  of 
oil  property  in  the  southwestern  section 
of  the  island,  have  been  tcken  over  by  a 
51,500,000  coiripany  floated  in  London.  It 
is  stated  that  a  dozen  wells  from  800 
to  1400  ft.  in  depth  have  been  bored  with 
ratisfactory  results,  and  that  some  are 
already  excellent  producers.  Efforts  are, 
however,  being  made  to  check  the  fiow 
from  the  wells  until  facilities  for  the  ex- 
portation of  the  oil  are  completed. 

American  Company  Producing  Oil 

The  Ainerican  company,  which  has  op- 
erated Pitch  lake,  has  for  some  time  been 
exploring  for  oil  and  is  constantly  ex- 
tending its  operations.  This  company  has 
a  number  of  wells  from  900  to  1400  ft. 
deep,  and  two  steel  tanks  of  84,000-gal. 
capacity  each,  also  land  reservoirs  of 
large  storage  proportions.  Notwithstand- 
ing this,  many  thousands  of  gallons  of 


Utah  Copper  Company  to  Curtail 
Production 


Charles  M.  MacNeill,  president  of  the 
Utah  Copper  Company,  on  July  26  made 
the  following  public  statement  in  Lon- 
don: 

"I  cannot  speak  for  any  company  other 
than  the  Utah  Copper  Company,  but  so 
far  as  we  are  concerned  we  are  con- 
vinced by  the  experience  of  the  past  six 
months  that,  for  the  present  at  least, 
the  world's  consumption  cannot  take  care 
of  the  entire  production  of  all  the  mines 
operating   at   their    fu'.l   capacity. 

"In  making  our  production  conform  to 
the  consumption,  I  consider  that  we  are 
acting  for  the  best  interests  of  our  share- 
holders and  for  the  stability  of  the  cop- 
per industry   in  general. 

"It  will  probably  not  be  a  long  time  be- 
fore the  consumption,  which  is  large,  will 
be  on  a  scale  to  take  care  of  the  entire 
production  at  fair  prices,  but  until  such 
time  we  shall  not  produce  more  than 
can  be  sold  at  a  fair  profit. 

"Why  should  copper  producers  tum 
their  ore  reserves  into  the  finished  cop- 
per product  faster  than  they  can  sell  it 
to  advantage?" 

This  statement  means  that  the  Utah 
Copper  Company  is  going  to  reduce  its 
production.  As  to  the  straightforward- 
ness of  the  statement  there  is  no  ques- 
tion  whatever. 

Now  that  the  management  of  the  Utah 
Copper  Company  has  come  to  this  de- 
cision there  is  no  doubt  that  some  ot 
the  other  large  copper  producers  will  fol- 
low the  same  policy.  It  is  therefore  now 
probable  that  there  will  be  a  reduction 
in  copper  production  that  will  be  of  im- 
portant effect  upon  the   industry. 


The  Greene  Consolidated  Suit 

The  Greene  Consolidated  Copper  Com- 
pany, its  president  and  directors,  have  en- 
tered general  denials  to  and  asked  the 
dismissal  of  the  suit  brought  against  them 
and  Thomas  F.  Cole,  John  D.  Ryan,  ct  al., 
by  Berton  A.  Garrett  and  Max  Sand,  two 
minority  stockholders  of  the  copper  com- 
pany. As  reported  by  the  Boston  News 
Bureau,  the  suit  alleged  conspiracy, 
wrongful  waste  of  assets,  the  abstraction 
of  S5. 000.000  from  treasury  funds  and 
made  other  sensational  charges. 

Sundry  Allegations   Denied 

The  company  denies  the  following  al- 
legations of  the  complainants,  namely: 
That  the  ore  reserves  are  or  ever  were 
SI 00,000,000;  that  S73,000,000  represents 
the  assets  of  the  Sierra  Madre  Land  and 


Lumber  Company  as  extravagantly  re- 
ported by  Colonel  Greene,  and  that  there 
was  fraud  in  connection  with  the  sale  of 
51  per  cent,  of  the  capital  stock  of  said 
company,  and  that  default  on  this  com- 
pany's bonds  was  premeditated  by  any 
of  the  defendants;  that  the  company  in- 
vested 516,291.185  in  plants,  mines,  etc.; 
that  Cole  and  Ryan  control  Greene  Con- 
solidated;  that  fraud  was  used  in  bring- 
ing about  the  merger  of  the  company  into 
the  Greene-Cananea  Copper  Company 
(of  the  200  shares  that  comprise  the  capi- 
talization of  the  Cananea  Consolidated 
Copper  Company,  operating  the  Greene 
properties,  but  193  shares  are  held  in 
the  Greene  treasury.  The  charter  of  the 
Greene  Consolidated  company,  secured  in 
West  Virginia,  does  not  permit  the  com- 
pany to  carry  on  a  milling  and  reduction 
business;  furthermore,  the  Greene  com- 
pany owns  no  mines)  ;  that  Cananea  Cen- 
tral was  an  undeveloped  property  and 
that  the  Greene  stock,  at  time  of  merger, 
was  worth  more  than  Cananea  shares; 
that  the  Cananea  Central  property  was 
held  only  on  option,  while  the  purchase 
price  did  not  exceed  52,500,000;  that 
Cananea  Central  had  not  a  market  value 
of  over  520.000,000  at  the  time  of  e.\- 
change;  that  successful  mining  opera- 
tions were  carried  on,  or  that  some  of  the 
largest  orebodies  in  the  world  were 
opened  up,  or  that  the  dividends  were 
duly  earned;  that  but  for  necessary  ex- 
penditures for  repairs  in  construction  to 
plants  and  property  of  the  Cananea  Con- 
solidated company,  the  property  would 
not  up  to  this  time  show  any  profits. 

Transfer  of  Property 

Regarding  the  diversion  of  property  by 
the  Greene  Consolidated  to  Cananea 
Central  "without  adequate  compensa- 
tion," the  defendants  say  that  about  July 
15,  1906,  the  Bryan  mining  claim,  a  part 
of  the  claim  known  as  Massey  No.  2 
and  two  mining  denouncements  known 
as  Seguro  and  Square,  were  sold  to  Ca- 
nanea Central  by  Cananea  Consolidated 
for  S2,000,000  (200,000  shares  Cananea 
Central  I.  but  this  was  before  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Greene-Cananea  Company 
and  prior  to  the  interest  of  Cole  and 
Ryan    in   Greene    Consolidated. 

The  charge  that  a  report  that  Greene 
had  operated  in  1907  at  a  loss  of  over 
S2,000,000  is  denied;  the  shut-down  in 
December,  1907,  was  effected,  say  the  de- 
fendants, so  that  repairs  could  be  made, 
for  the  price  of  copper  was  such  that 
operations  were  unprofitable  at  that  time. 
Since  t;-:e  Greene-Cananea  Copper  Com- 
pany became  a  majority  owner  of  Greene 
Consolidated  shares,  general  office  ex- 
penses have  been  less  than  one-third  for- 
merly paid  and  the  cost  of  producing, 
marketing  and  manufacturing  copper  and 
other  metals  by  the  Cananea  Consoli- 
dated Copper  Company  has  been  re- 
duced, it  is  claimed,  to  about  one-half  ; 
the  former  costs. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


213 


Continuous  Agitation  System  at  Esperanza 


BY  M.  H.  KURYLA  f 


The  agitation  equipment  of  the  new 
cyanide  plant  of  the  Esperanza  Mining 
Company,  El  Ore,  Me.\.,  consists  of  two 
batteries  of  si.\  Pachuca  tanks,  14  ft.  10 
in.  by  44  ft.  8',  in.  The  first  battery 
of  six  tanks,  locally  referred  to  as  the 
"upper  Pachucas,"  treats  the  flocculent 
slime  produced  from  the  coarse  crushing 
in  120  stamps,  and  is  worked  on  the  in- 
termittent or  cycle  system  originally  in- 
stalled. The  site  permits  of  a  gravity 
discharge  to  the  storage  tanks  for  the 
Merrill  filter  process. 

The  six  "lower  Pachucas"  treat  the 
granular  slime  resulting  from  the  re- 
grinding  of  the  battery  sands  in  ten  4x20- 


fl.  6  in.  inside  dimensions,  was  built  from 
No.  12  steel,  with  removable  doors  for 
repairs  on  belts,  buckets  and  pulleys.  The 
original  belt  speed  of  360  ft.  per  min. 
was  raised  to '540  ft.  per  min.,  to  permit 
one  elevator  to  be  held  in  reserve.  With 
the  average  condition  of  the  elevators 
the  time  required  to  discharge  one  tank 
was  about  3.8  hours. 

On  the  assumption  that  one-half  of 
the  filling  and  discharging  times  resulted 
in  net  agitation  on  the  entire  tank  charge, 
the  net  time  lost  in  these  operations 
amounted  to  5.1  hours.  The  net  agitation 
per  charge,  accordingly,  worked  out  as 
follows: 


the  operations  of  the  three  elevators 
figures  out  as  follows:  Three  elevator 
belts,  each  120  ft.,  at  6  pesos,  2160 
pesos;  power,  1825  pesos;  regular  at- 
tendance, 730  pesos;  buckets  and  bolts, 
35  pesos;  repairs,  labor,  1095  pesos;  re- 
pairs, material  (exclusive  of  belts),  500 
pesos;  total,  per  year,  6345  pesos. 

Present  Continuous  System 

The  difficulties  and  expense  experi- 
enced with  the  elevators  maWe  it  highly 
desirable  to  deliver  the  pulp  by  gravity 
to  the  filter-press  storage  tanks  (collars 
of  the  storage  tanks  being  six  feet  be- 
low the  collars  of  the  Pachuca  tanks,  and 

12  "l  12"l2<  " 
Discharge  Box 


Continuous  System   of  Agitation   in   Pachuca  IAnks  at  the  Esperanz.\  AIili.  El  Org,  Me.xico 


ft.   tube   mills.      It   is   with   these   "lower 
Pachucas"  that  this  article  deals. 

Original  Intermittent  System 

In  the  original  system  each  tank  held 
80  tons  dry  slime  and  144  tons  solu- 
tion (the  ratio  of  solid  to  liquid  being 
1:1.2),  and  with  a  feed  of  300  tons  of 
dry  slime  per  24  hours,  the  time  required 
to  fill  one  tank  was  6.4  hours.  After 
the  required  length  of  agitation  each 
tank  was  discharged  through  a  5-in. 
valve  at  the  bottom  and  pulp  raised  to 
he  .liter-press  storage  tanks  by  means 
■)f  three  vertical   bucket  elevators. 

These  elevators  were  54  ft.  from  head 

0  hoot  pulleys  and  were  made  of  an  18- 
n.,  10-ply,  rubber  elevator  belt,  with  16 
~N5'/S-in.  type  AA,  malleable-iron  buck- 

.  spaced  18  in.  center  to  center.  The 
loots  were  made  of  cast  iron  and  pro- 
ided  with  accessible  hand  holes  for 
loaning.     The  housing,  2  ft.  6  in.  by  5 

1  'Infiirnirs    i/    ^t,^mnrinll   i\c\    Instittito    MpxI- 
lano  (i(.    Minns   >•    Mctnliiicln.    .Xpiil.    IHlH. 

ti;i    (Ir.i.    Mpxicn. 


Total  po.ssililc  aisilation  without  fill- 
ing or  (ii.fcliaiKiMK  lo.ss 38.4  hours 

Los.s  in  hllini^  and  ()i,si'hareing 5,1  hours 

Net  agitation 33.3  liours 

Percentage  of  net  agitation  lost   in 

filling  and  (iischarging 1.5,3  per  cent. 

The    yearly    expense    connected    with 


50  ft.  distant).  The  6-in.  pipe  connec- 
tions shown  in  the  accompanying  illus- 
tration were  put  in  Feb.  10,  1910,  first  as 
an  experiment  to  demonstrate  the  applic- 
ability of  the  scheme.  The  particular 
information   desired   was   with   reference 


RE.SUI-TS  OF  CONTINUOUS  AGIT.\TION  AT  ESPERANZA. 


- 

Discharge  from  Tanks. 

Charge. 
Percent. 

Tank          Tank 

No.  1.         No.  2. 

Percent,  i  Percent. 

Tank         Tank         Tank 

.No,  3,         No,  4.        No,  5. 

Percent,  Percent.  Per  Cent. 

Tank 

No.  6, 

Per  Cent. 

.Sizing  le.sl  of  pnlp: 

14.7 
85.3 

0.12 

Content, 

Grams. 

9.7 

6  0 

6.7 

75,0 
83  0 

14.9 
85.1 

o.na 

46.0 
68,0 
66,0 

9.0 
28,0 
22,5 

15,2 
84.8 

O.UO 

,58.0 
75.5 
72.5 

16.0 
39.0 
34,5 

15.7 
84.3 

0.1075 

61,5 
78,0 
74.5 

22.0 
46.0 
4.5 

15.3 
84.7 

0.105 

62,0 
80,0 
76.0    . 

26.0 
.'-.0,5 
46.0 

15.1 
84.9 

0.1025 

63.0 
82.0 
77.0 

28.5 
.53,0 
48.0 

14.9 
s->  I 

Under  200  mesh 

.strength  of  KCN  solution  .  . . 
Cold  extraction: 

0,100 

63.5 
83.5 
78.0 

31.0 
54.0 
50.0 

I'nder  L'dO  rne.sh 

tleneral  .-ianiple 

Silver  extnielion: 

Over  200  iriesh       

Under  200  ine,sh         ,  . 

(leneral  sample 

80,0 

Feed  and  final  discliarge.  .solid  to  licjuid  ratio  l:l.S. 
Consuniplion  of  KCN  per  ton  of  ore.  3.W  grams. 


Sampling  6  days  at  one  hour  intervals. 


214 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


to  comparative  extraction  and  classifica- 
tion during  agitation,  as  it  was  thought 
that  the  "sandy"  product  fed  to  the  tanks 
might  undergo  considerable  classification 
in  passing  from  tank  to  tank.  The  tem- 
porary connections  have  proved  so  satis- 
factory that  they  have  been  retained  in 
present   daily   operation. 

The  pulp  is  fed  into  the  top  of  tank 
No.  1  at  the  rate  of  300  tons  dry  slime 
snd  540  tons  solution  per  24  hours  and 
flows  through  the  6-in.  pipes  by  gravity 
to  the  discharge  box  near  the  top  of 
tank  No.  6.  The  friction  drop  from  tank 
to  tank  is  about  six  inches,  making  .i 
total  drop  in  the  level  of  the  pulp  be- 
tween tank  No.  1  and  tank  No.  6,  of  30 
in.  However,  by  utilizing  the  central 
tube  as  an  air  lift,  so  that  the  overflow 
of  the  air  lift  will  drop  into  the  outlet, 
the  difference  in  the  level  of  the  pulp  in 
tank  No.  1  and  in  the  final  discharge 
tank  is  reduced  to  12  in.  In  fact,  were 
it  desirable  to  have  the  final  discharge 
at  a  higher  level  than  the  first  tank,  the 
air  lift  in  the  last  tank  of  the  series 
could  be  raised  sufficiently  to  permit  of 
this  being  done  (at  an  additional  con- 
sumption of  air,  of  course). 

The  intake  into  a  tank  being  near  the 
bottom,  the  pulp  rises  through  the  air 
lift,  as  the  current  in  the  annular  space 
around  the  air  lift  is  in  a  downward  di- 
rection. The  discharge  from  the  tank  is 
placed  seven  feet  below  the  collar  of  the 
tank  and  two  feet  from  the  side  of  the  air 
lift,  in  this  way  "sampling"  the  overflow 
of  the  air  lift  and  producing  a  practically 
uniform  transfer  of  pulp  from  tank  to 
tank,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying 
table. 

The  gain  of  extraction  in  the  continu- 
ous system  as  compared  to  the  intermit- 
tent is  1.3  per  cent,  of  gold  and  1.5  per 
cent,  of  silver,  and  the  saving  in  cyanide 
of  25  grams  per  ton  of  ore.  The  saving 
in  operating  labor  and  the  increase  in 
length  of  agitation  effected  in  the  "lower 
Pachucas"  has  made  it  advisable  to  in- 
stall the  continuous  system  in  the  "upper 
Pachucas,"  which  discharged  by  gravity 
to   the  filter-press  storage   tanks. 


Electrolytic  Refining  of   Bullion  in 
the  United  States   Mints* 

By  H.  J.  Slaker. 


Novelties  in  Copper  Metallurgy 


The  Balaklala  Copper  Company  is  go- 
ing to  introduce  the  Cottrell  process  for 
the  treatment  of  smelting  smoke,  which 
is  already  in  successful  use  at  the  Selby 
works. 

The  Braden  Copper  Company  is  going 
to  introduce  at  its  mines  in  Chile  the 
process  of  roasting  its  concentrate,  mak- 
ing sulphuric  acid,  leaching  the  roasted 
ore  with  the  acid  and  precipitating  copper 
electrolytically.  Experiments  on  a  large 
scale  are  considered  to  have  demon- 
strated the  feasibility  and  material  ad- 
vantage of  this  process.  The  Wedge  fur- 
nace will  be  used    for  roasting. 


The  methods  of  refining  gold  and  sil- 
ver bullion  in  the  Government  institu- 
tions have  been  radically  changed  in  the 
last  10  years.  The  parent  mint  at  Phila- 
delphia has  evolved  electrolytic  methods 
which   are   economical   and   efficient. 

The  problem  confronting  the  Govern- 
ment refineries  is  to  separate  the  noble 
metals  in  a  pure  state  from  bullion  con- 
taining a  mixture  of  gold,  silver  and  base 
metals  in  all  proportions.  As  the  ma- 
terial varies  greatly,  the  operations  in 
the  mint  refinery  differ  from  those  em- 
ployed in  private  plants.  In  fact,  the 
system  in  use  is  a  double  one,  whereby 
in' the  first  step  the  silver  is  brought  up 
to  purity,  and  in  the  second,  the  gold. 
This  explains  the  term  "silver"  and  "gold 
cells." 

Silver  Refining 

The  electrolyte  for  the  refining  of  sil- 
ver is  composed  of  a  2  per  cent,  solution 
of  silver  nitrate  with  about  2  per  cent, 
of  free  nitric  acid,  held  in  large  stone- 
ware tanks,  sixteen  of  which  are  in 
series  across  the  line  voltage,  each  cell 
thus  requiring  somiewhat  less  than  one- 
volt  pressure.  The  anodes  consist  of  40 
per  cent,  gold,  about  47  per  cent,  silver 
and  the  remainder  base  metal.  This  has 
proved  the  most  suitable  proportion  for 
the  extraction  of  the  greatest  percentage 
of  silver  from  the  anodes.  The  mixture 
is  melted,  thoroughly  stirred  and  cast 
into  ingots,  which  are  slipped  into  a  bag 
and  hung  in  the  electrolyte  by  means  of 
a  small  gold  hook.  The  bag  prevents 
the  cathode  from  coming  into  contact 
with  the  anode  and  thus  picking  up  small 
amounts  of  gold. 

Good  contact  is  maintained  by  using 
the  gold  hooks  for  suspending  the 
anodes,  and  these  hooks  in  turn  are  in 
contact  with  thin  silver  strips  half  round- 
ed along  a  hard-rubber  tube  which  is 
reinforced  through  the  center  by  a  steel 
rod.  The  silver  strips  carry  the  current 
from  one  cell  to  the  next  and  distribute 
it  through  the  gold  hook  to  the  anode. 
On  account  of  the  large  percentage  of 
base  in  the  anode,  a  current  density  of 
from  5  to  7  amperes  per  sq.ft.  is  used. 
Every  eight  hours,  each  cathode  is  re- 
moved to  scrape  off  the  loosely  adhering 
crystals;  the  same  cathode,  however,  is 
used  until  it  becomes  too  heavy. 

The  relative  amount  of  silver  nitrate 
in  the  electrolyte  must  be  kept  practical- 
ly constant  to  secure  a  reguline  deposit 
of  silver.  As  the  current  dissolves  both 
silver  and  base  metal  at  the  anode,  but 
deposits  only  silver  at  the  cathode,  the 
strength  of  the  silver  nitrate   is  depleted 


•Kxccrpls  fi-oTii    nil    article   in    f-Jhr.   Worhl, 
.Time   T.i.   11110. 


and  has  to  be  replenished  from  time  to 
time  and  finally  the  foul  solution  has  to 
be  replaced  by  new  in  order  to  insure 
a  good  deposit. 

Treatment  of  the   Electrolyte 

The  foul  electrolyte  is  pumped  into 
stoneware  tanks,  where,  with  insoluble 
iron  anodes,  the  silver  content  is  reduced 
to  a  small  amount  by  the  electric  current, 
after  which  the  remaining  silver  is  pre- 
cipitated as  chloride  by  sodium  chloride; 
the  solution  is  allowed  to  pass  off  to  the 
sewer.  Upon  the  anode  surface,  lead 
peroxide  gradually  forms,  thus  protecting 
the  iron,  and  this  proceeds  until  suffi- 
cient weight  is  gathered  when  the  anode 
is  easily  removed  and  the  deposit 
knocked  off.  This  black  deposit  contains 
small  amounts  of  silver  peroxide  and- 
traces  of  palladium  peroxide  which  are 
regained  from  the  metallic  lead  after  re-, 
duction  by  carbon  in  a  small  blast  fur- 
nace. The  product  from  the  silver  cells 
rarely  runs  below  99.9  per  cent,  fine,  and 
generally  will  carry  less  than  one  ounce 
of   gold   to    100,000   oz.    of  silver. 

Gold  Refining 

The  worked-out  anodes  from  the  sil- 
ver cells  are  generally  the  anodes  for 
the  gold  cells,  but,  of  course,  any  de- 
posit, if  fine  enough,  can  be  put  directly 
into  these  cells.  They  are  suspended 
in  an  electrolyte  composed  of  10  per 
cent,  hydrochloric  acid  and  about  3  per 
cent,   of  gold,  as  gold   chloride. 

The  jars  used  are  of  Royal  Berlin  por- 
celain set  in  a  sand  bath  heated  by  steam 
so  that  the  temperature  in  the  electrolyte 
is  about  125  deg.  F.  The  circulation  is 
accomplished  by  means  of  small  hard- 
rubber  propellers  driven  at  700  r.p.m. 
by  a  belt  from  an  electric  motor.  A  cur- 
rent density  of  70  amp.  per  sq.ft.  is  used 
for  the  grade  of  anode  made  in  the  Phil- 
adelphia mint.  The  product  is  usually 
about  99.95  per  cent,  gold,  the  greater 
part  of  the  impurity  being  silver. 

The  slimes  and  the  electrolyte  contain 
all  the  metals  which  were  in  the  anode, 
and  it  is  here  that  most  of  the  platinum 
and  palladium  accumulate.  The  platinum 
is  precipitated  by  salammoniac  from  the 
foul  solution  as  platinuin-ammonium 
chloride,  which  is  carefully  washed  and 
upon  heating  yields  spongy  platinum. 
This  is  a  source  of  income  heretofore 
lost,  and  only  because  of  the  accumu- 
lation of  traces  in  the  electrolytic  process 
is  its  recovery  possible.  Much  smaller 
ainounts  of  the  rarer  metal  palladium 
are  also   recovered. 

The  slimes  produced  are  chiefly  a  mix- 
ture of  silver  chloride  and  finely  divided 
gold,  and  at  times  a  few  grains  of  irid- 
ium. After  washing,  granulated  zinc  Is 
added  to  this  mixture  to  reduce  the  chlor- 
ide to  metallic  silver  and  after  washing 
a  second  time,  the  whole  is  melted  intoj 
bars  to  be  used  after  proper  alloying| 
in  the  silver  cells  as  anodes. 


I 


July  30.  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


215 


Cupro-Nickel  Steel 


Bv  G.  H.  Clamer  * 


In  this  paper  the  iron-nickel  and  iron- 
copper  series  of  alloys  were  reviewed  at 
length  to  show  what  surprising  results 
are  obtained  by  the  joint  addition  of 
copper  and  nickel.  Alloys  can  be  pro- 
duced carrying  from  5  to  20  per  cent, 
copper,  which  without  nickel,  would  be 
extremely  hard,  brittle  and  red  short.  By 
the  addition  of  nickel  in  the  proportions 
of  20  to  50  per  cent.,  these  become  high- 
ly ductile,  easily  forgeable,  and  easily 
machineable.  Such  alloys  can  be  rolled 
into  sheets  or  rods  and  can  be  machined 
without  difficulty. 

The  following  are  tests  of  two  typical 
alloys  within  these  ranges  of  proportions: 

No.  1.         No.  ■-' 

Copper,    poi-    cent ll.OO  )l>..")(i 

N'ickel.    per    cent 22.00  4.'i.iMi 

Carbon,    per    cent 0.22  0.2 

ritlmiite    sirencth,    lli 101.000  ns.-j:iii 

Elastic    llmil.    lb 57..S00  .14.1."'.ii 

Elnnu'iilliin.    per    cent 42..">  :;.".  iiii 

Itediullon  of  area,  per  cent.  (il.."i  47. M 

These  tests  were  made  on  rolled  rods. 
The  elastic  limit  is  quite  low  in  propor- 
tion to  the  ultimate  strength,  which  na- 
turally accounts  for  their  softness.  Al- 
loys at  the  lower  range  of  the  series  can 
be  bent  cold  to  an  angle  of  180  deg.  with- 
out fracture,  whereas  those  at  the  higher 
end  of  the  series  cannot  be  bent  so  far 
Alloys  at  the  lower  end  of  the  series 
will  resist  corrosion  in  a  highly  satisfac- 
tory manner,  and  those  at  the  upper  end 
are  practically  non-rusting.  In  addition 
to  this,  the  alloys  have  a  very  low  co- 
efficient of  expansion. 

Use  of   Such    Alloy 

Just  what  use  such  alloys  might  be  put 
to  has  not  yet  been  determined,  but  no 
doubt  quite  a  number  will  suggest  them- 
selves, such  as  a  sjbstitute  for  the  pres- 
ent 25  to  35  per  cent,  nickel-steels,  and 
probably  quite  a  number  of  others,  be- 
cause the  steel  can  be  produced  at  a 
very  much  lower  cost,  not  only  because 
of  the  substitution  of  copper  for  nickel, 
but  because  the  alloy  can  be  made  from 
Monel  metal,  a  commercial  alloy  of  cop- 
per and  nickel,  containing  copper  and 
nickel  in  correct  proportions  for  making 
such  a  steel.  It  is  also  possible  to  make 
the  steel  directly  from  Sudbury  nickel 
ores,  by  simply  smelting  and  bessemer- 
izing  to  eliminate  the  iron  to  the  extent 
desired,  roasting  the  matte  produced  and 
finally  reducing  the  combined  oxides  re- 
sulting from  roasting  the  matte.  It  is 
thought  that  either  by  the  use  of  Moncl 
metal  for  making  the  steel  alloy  or  by 
the  direct  production  of  it  from  the  ore, 
that  the  cost  of  production  might  be  suf- 
ficiently reduced  to  make  it  attractive  for 

N'OTR — Alislrnet  of  a  paper  rend  liefore  tlie 
American  .Society  for  Teslhn;  .Malerlai.i.  .luiic 

•Melnllinx-lcal    enL-ineir.    I'liiladcMiMn. 


many  uses  where  its  resistance  to  cor- 
rosion and  its  low  coefficient  of  expansion 
will  warrant  the  cost.  Such  sheets  can 
be  produced  to  sell  at  a  very  much  low- 
er price  than  copper,  and  probably  two 
to  four  times  the  price  of  commercial 
copper-coated  iron  and  steel  sheets.  As 
the  alloy  is  about  twice  as  strong  as  the 
soft  steel  and  three  times  as  strong  as 
copper  sheets,  thinner  gages  can  be  used. 

Substituting  Copper  for  Nickel 

Noting  the  curious  and  unexpected  re- 
sults obtained  with  these  high  copper- 
nickel  alloys,  Mr.  Clamer  became  curious 
to  know  what  would  be  the  effect  of  re- 
placing part  of  the  nickel  in  nickel-steel 
within  the  pearlitic  range  by  copper,  and 
accordingly  made  such  steels  with  from 
1  to  8  per  cent.  Monel  metal,  in  which 
the  proportion  of  nickel  to  copper  is 
roughly  2!-j  per  cent,  nickel  to  1  per  cent, 
copper.  Here  again  the  copper  acts  like 
so  much  nickel,  at  least  when  present  in 
those  relative  proportions,  and  it  is  pos- 
sible, therefore,  to  produce  a  steel  of 
practically  the  same  physical  properties 
as  nickel-steel,  at  much  reduced  cost. 

The  valuable  properties  of  the  nickel- 
steel,  carrying  below  6  per  cent,  nickel, 
have,  of  course,  long  been  recognized 
End  recently  the  importance  of  copper 
as  a  valuable  constituent  of  steel,  in- 
stead of  a  metal  to  be  looked  upon  as 
a  detrimental  impurity,  has  also  become 
recognized  It  is  probably  not  quite  so 
surprising,  therefore,  that  the  joint  addi- 
tion of  copper  and  nickel  within  this 
range  of  proportions  is  productive  of  val- 
uable results.  The  addition  of  these  two 
m.etals  in  combination  seem  to  have  the 
same  effect  upon  the  steel  as  if  they  were 
individually  added,  the  copper  in  its  ef- 
fect really  being  about  the  same  as  so 
much  added  nickel.  It  is  possible,  there- 
fore, to  replace  part  of  the  nickel  in 
nickel-steel  by  copper,  without  mate- 
rially  altering  the   physical   properties. 

Discussion  on   the   Paper 

In  discussing  the  paper,  Capt.  William 
R.  Hunt  said  that  many  years  ago,  rails 
made  from  Cornwall  ores  contained  as 
high  as  '  .■  per  cent,  copper.  Rails  made 
with  these  ores  as  a  basis  contained  no 
phosphorus,  high  copper  and  incidentally 
a  little  sulphur.  Another  member  stated 
that  these  rails,  made  at  Scranton,  from 
Cornwall  ores,  15  years  ago,  containing 
0.6  per  cent,  of  copper  and  0.4  per  cent, 
carbon,  are  still   giving  good   service. 

J.  V.  W.  Reynders,  Pennsylvania  Steel 
Company,  explained  that  the  copper  was 
now  being  taken  out  of  the  Cornwall 
ores,  not  because  the  copper  is  not  bene- 
ficial, but  to  recover  the  price  of  the 
copper.  He  added  that  he  hoped  to  soon 
be  able  to  announce  the  results  of  a  mix- 
ture of  Cuban  iron  ore,  containing  nickel 
and    chromium,    with    Cornwall    ore. 

Henry  Souther  said  that  notwithstand- 
ing   the    beneficial    effects    of    copper    in 


steel,  it  is  a  detriment,  especially  in  tub- 
ing that  is  to  be  welded.  It  was  added 
that  copper  seems  to  have  the  same  effect 
on  welding  as  a  high  percentage  of  sul- 
phur, and,  in  fact,  steel  containing  high 
phosphorus  and  high  sulphur  welds  bet- 
ter than  steel  containing  copper.  Another 
member  said  that  he  had  successfully 
welded  steel  containing  carbon  1  per 
cent,  and  copper  '/•  per  cent.,  and  ex- 
perienced no  difficulty.  The  steel  was 
electrically  welded. 


Mount  Lyell  Mining  and  Railway 
Company,   Ltd. 


The  Mount  Lyell  Mining  and  Railway 
Company,  Ltd.,  for  the  half  year  ended 
March  31,  1910,  reports  a  net  profit  for 
the  half-year  derived  from  all  sources  of 
£115,335. 

Using  an  average  of  only  three  fur- 
naces, the  Tasmanian  plant  treated  a  total 
of  200,441  tons  of  material.  The  coke 
consumption  was  larger  than  during  the 
previous  half-year  owing  to  the  increased 
amount  of  ore  from  the  North  Mount 
Lyell  mine,  which  is  lower  in  sulphur  and 
much  more  silicious  than  the  ore  from  the 
Mount  Lyell. 

In  the  converting  department,  9455  tons 
of  matte,  assaying  47.85  per  cent.  Cu, 
37.74  oz.  silver  and  0.856  oz.  gold  per 
ton  were  converted  into  4164  tons  of 
blister  copper,  yielding  9,215,360  !b. 
of  fine  copper  containing  338,976  oz.  sil- 
ver and  7627  oz.  gold. 

The  cost  of  producing  blister  copper  per 
ton  of  ore  was  S3.98,  which  is  slightly 
higher  than  for  the  previous  half-year, 
due  to  the  fact  that  a  larger  proportion  of 
ore  from  the  Mount  Lyell  mine  was  se- 
cured from  the  underground  workings  and 
also  to  the  greater  percentage  of  coke 
used  as  mentioned  above. 

Mining,  exploration  and  development 
were  carried  on  with  the  usual  regularity 
in  the  Mount  Lyell  and  North  Mount 
Lyell  mines,  the  total  amount  of  ore 
broken  and  sent  to  the  reduction  works 
being  189.950  tons.  In  exploration  and 
development  3672  ft.  of  work  were  done. 

The  company's  chemical  and  super- 
phosphate works,  although  somewhat 
hampered  by  a  coal  strike  and  labor  dis- 
turbances, maintained  its  production  and 
output.  Good  progress  has  also  been 
made  with  the  erection  of  the  new  chem- 
ical works  at  Rocky  Bay,  Fremantle. 
Western  Australia. 

A  storage  reservoir  having  a  capacity 
of  25,000.000  gal.  was  completed  and  No. 
5  blast  furnace  was  rebuilt  along  the  lines 
found  effective  in  No.  6,  that  is,  increase 
in  hight  of  smelting  column,  and  intro- 
duction of  mechanical  push-feeding  de- 
vice. A  dividend  and  bonus  of  42.5c.  per 
share  amounting  to  £105.000  was  paid  in 
December. 


216 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


Agglomeration  of  Mangamferous  Limonite  Ore 

Femic  Works  in  Germany  Subject  Ore  to  a  Temperature  of    1000  Deg. 
C.    in  Revolving    Cylinder   Furnaces.      Coal    Dust    Firing    Employed 


B      Y 


WITT 


The  ores  treated  at  the  Fernic  iron 
works  near  Giessen,  Germany,  consist  of 
a  friable  limonite  with  granules  and 
nodules  of  pyrolusite,  lumpy  mud  and  a 
considerable  amount  of  aluminum  sili- 
cate. The  chemical  composition  of  the 
air-dried  ore  is  as  follows:  FeiO.;.  31.96 
(22.37  per  cent.  Fe);  MnO.-,  29.04  and 
MnO,  2.82;  (20.54  per  cent.  Mn);  ALO=, 
9.35;  SiO.,,  12.97;  P,  0.08;  H,0,  8.09 
(chemically  combined);  and  CO2,  0.44 
per  cent.  As  the  ore  contains  from  20 
to  30  per  cent,  moisture,  steam  dried,  the 
metal  contents  would  be:  Fe,  16.78  and 
Mn,   15.41  per  cent. 

The  large  percentage  of  water  on  which 
freight  had  to  be  paid  and  the  friability 
of  the  ores  induced  the  management  to 
eliminate  these  conditions.  The  clay  con- 
tent of  the  ore  seemed  to  be  high  enough 
to  permit  briquetting  and  baking  at  the 
mine.  Tests  made  on  a  small  scale 
demonstrated  that  S3  per  cent,  of  water, 
including  the  combined  water,  could  be 
expelled  and  the  ore  brought  up  from  32 
to  50  per  cent,  in  metal  contents.  Experi- 
ments on  a  large  scale,  however,  showed 
that  the  briquets  did  not  possess  sufficient 
hardness  to  stand  transportation.  The 
final  product  was  a  small  quantity  of 
lumps  and  a  great  deal  of  loosely  co- 
hering stuff  that  would  turn  into  dust. 
Moreover,  ihe  operation  was  too  expen- 
sive. 

The  company  then  tried  revolving  cyl- 
inder furnaces  of  the  type  used  in  cement 
works.  These  were  manufactured  by  a 
firm  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  Experi- 
ments on  a  small  scale  on  Fernic  ores 
were  made  and  it  was  found  that  at  a 
proper  temperature  all  the  water  could 
be  expelled  and  a  product  obtained  in  ex- 
cellent shape  for-the  blast  furnace.  The 
ere  particles  were  fritted  together,  con- 
sisting of  porous,  but  firm  lumps.  The 
furnace  builders  thereupon  filed  an  ap- 
plication for  a  patent  on  this  process. 

Successful  Furnace  Obtained 
The  first  furnace  built  for  the  Fernic 
works  was  98  ft.  6  in.  in  length  and  6'-.' 
ft.  in  diameter.  After  numerous  trials 
satisfactory  results  were  at  last  obtained 
and  a  second  furnace  measuring  114  ft. 
10  in.  by  7  ft.  10  in.  was  erected.  The 
main  difficulty  experienced  with  the  first 
furnace  was  the  regulation  of  the  tem- 
perature SO'  that  agglomeration  and  not 
slagging  of  the  ore  would  take  place.  A 
long  series  of  pyrometric  measurements 
carried    out    in    connection    with    micro- 


scopic studies  of  thin  sections  from  the 
product,  demonstrated  that  at  a  tempera- 
ture of  1000  deg.  C.  the  aluminum  sili- 
cate would  commence  to  fuse  and  en- 
velop the  limonite  ore  particles  without 
the  latter  losing  oxygen.  At  1100  deg., 
however,  the  manganese  minerals  would 
be  reduced  and  fused,  which  is  not  de- 
sirable for  the  subsequent  treatment  in 
the  blast  furnace.  The  smelting  works 
would  not  accept  a  product  so  dense  and 
poor  in  oxygen.  After  repeated  trials  in 
changing  the  speed  of  the  furnace  it  was 
discovered  that  the  ores  exposed  for  a 
length  of  13  ft.  only  to  the  highest  tem- 
perature would  furnish  the  right  kind  of 
a  product. 

Description  and  Operation  of  the 

Furnaces 
A    vertical    longitudinal    section    of    a 
complete   agglomerating  plant  similar  to 


supported  on  two  rollers  of  cast  steel 
and  are  revolved  by  a  geared  rim  C.  A  40- 
h.p.  electric  motor  supplies  the  power 
for  both  furnaces  at  a  speed  of  one  revo- 
lution per  minute.  At  the  lower  end  the 
furnaces  revolve  in  the  iron  frame  D 
which  allows  the  agglomerated  ore  to 
drop  down  into  the  cooling  cylinder.  The 
upper  end  of  each  furnace  is  closed  with 
the  exception  of  a  central  opening,  for  the 
flue  and  a  working  door.  The  lower 
front  wall  is  made  removable  in  case  of 
repairs. 

Preparing  and  Feeding  the  Fuel 

The  long-flaming  gas  coal  used  at  the 
Fernic  works  for  making  coal  dust  comes 
from  Westphalia.  It  is  first  put  into  a 
drying  cylinder,  49  ft.  2  in.  long  by  5  ft. 
in  diameter,  of  similar  construction  to 
that    of    the    furnaces.      It    is    geared    to 


I 


Agglomerating  Furnace  at  Fernic  Iron    Works 


NfiTI»»-Al)i'ldBed    translation    nf    an    article 
Ji>  .S((//i;  II.   rinrn.  May  4,   1!il(i. 


that  at  the  Fernic  works  is  shown  in  the 
accompanying  sketch.  The  charge  which 
should  be  as  homogeneous  as  possible  is 
dropped  into  the  feed  pipe  A.  By  means 
of  a  horizontal  damper  or  gate  moved  by 
an  eccentric,  the  raw  ore  enters  the  fur- 
nace through  this  pipe  and  moves  in  con- 
sequence of  the  revolving  motion  and  in- 
clination of  the  furnace  downward 
against  the  hot  gases  coming  from  the 
fire  box.  The  charge  loses  its  water  on 
the  way  and  finally  arrives  at  the  hottest 
zone  where  the  agglomeration  takes 
place. 

The  furnaces  are  made  of  riveted 
boiler  plate  lined  with  firebrick  and  are 
inclined  at  an  angle  of  6  deg.  toward 
the  flreplaoe.  They  are  provided  with 
fhree   steel   rims   B   by    which    they   are 


make  three  revolutions  per  minute.  The 
cylinder,  with  open  ends,  smooth  inside 
and  without  lining,  is  enclosed  in  ma- 
sonry and  heated  by  means  of  a  grate 
fire.  The  dried  coal  runs  into  a  con- 
veyer, which  discharges  into  the  boot  of 
a  bucket  elevator  and  thence  into  a  hop- 
per E  above   the   grinding  mill. 

Through  conveyers  and  a  bucket  ele- 
vator, the  coal  dust  is  discharged  into 
the  hoppers  F,  which  feed  the  furnaces 
by  means  of  a  fan  G,  the  tube  /  and  the 
feed  for  the  coal  dust  at  J.  The  fan 
makes  800  revolutions  and  produces  3532 
cu.ft.  of  air  per  minute  at  2'8  to  2'4  in. 
water  pressure.  It  blows  the  air  charged 
with  coal  dust  into  the  tube  /.  which 
tapers  from  14  to  10  in.  in  diameter.  The 
feeding  of  the  coal  dust  takes  place  at 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


217 


H  and  may  be  regulated  as  follows: 
From  the  coal-dust  bin  F  three  small 
screw  conveyers  carry  the  coal  dust  into 
a  larger  conveyer  that  discharges  into  the 
closed  box  /.  From  here  it  passes  over 
a  shaking  device  through  the  gutter  or 
spout  H  into  the  tube  /,  where  it  is  car- 
ried off  by  the  air  current.  In  the  box  / 
there  is  an  additional  valve  through  which 
a  further  regulation  or  temporary  stop- 
page of  the  feed  may  be  effected.  The 
surplus  coal  dust  will  then  drop  through 
a  gutter  into  an  elevator  that  will  bring 
it  back  to  the   bin. 

A  wood  fire  is  used  to  start  the  fur- 
nace, and  as  soon  as  this  is  fairly  ablaze, 
coal  dust  is  admitted,  which,  on  ignition, 
sends  off  a  powerful  sheaf  of  fire.  An 
attendant  regulates  the  feed  of  the  coal 
dust  so  that  the  temperature  of  the  fur- 
nace does  not  rise  too  high.     The  use  of 

^   producer  gas  in  lieu  of  the  coal  dust  has 

'    not  given  any  satisfaction. 

Composition  of  the  Acglo.merated 
Product 

From  the  furnace  the  agglomerated  ore 
drops  into  the  cooling  cylinder  at  a  tem- 
perature of  1000  deg.  C.  This  cylinder 
resembles  in  construction  the  furnace 
proper,  but  is  of  smaller  dimensions  and 
lined  only  in  its  upper  half.  From  the 
lower  end  the  ore  is  discharged  into  a 
storage  bin  or  hopper,  ready  for  loading 
into  railroad   cars. 

The  ore  agglomerated  at  the  Fer- 
nic  works  consists,  for  the  most 
part,  of  well  fritted,  porous,  firm  lumps, 
of  very  light  pieces  of  burned  clay  no- 
dules enveloped  in  a  crust  of  fused  ore 
particles  and  a  small  amount  of  fine 
granules  of  less  than  pea  size.  The  com- 
position of  the  product  is  as  follows: 
Fe.O,,  37.59  (26.31  per  cent.  Fe);  MnO., 
9.91  and  MnO,  20.70  {23.30  per  cent. 
Mn):  ALO„  10.31;  SiO.,  15.94;  P,  0.09; 
H^O,  0.31  (Chem.  combined);  CO..,  0.05 
ler  cent.  This  shows  that  the  ore  has 
jndergone  a  concentration  in  metals  from 
52.19  to  49.61  Fe  -|-  Mn.  According  to 
he  analysis,  no  deoxidation  of  the  Fe.Os 
las  taken  place,  while  the  reduction  of 
VlnO.  to  MnO  has  been  considerable,  but 
mavoidable.  For  the  production  of  pig 
ron  low  in  carbon  as  required  for  steel 
naking,  this  is  rather  a  disadvantage. 

Furnace  Capacities 
The  capacity  of  the  agglomerating  fur- 
aces   at   the    Fernic    works    has  ranged 
rom  60  to  90  tons  per  day  for  the  small- 
r  one  and  from  120  to  180  tons  per  day 
ir  the  larger  furnace.     The  discrepancy 
1  the  tonnage  of  each  individual  furnace 
■  attributed  to  the  formation  of  an  an- 
lUlar  crust  or  accretion  in  the  hottest  part 
f  the   furnace,  which  has  to  be  barred 
It  from  time  to  time,  an  operation  that 
volves   a   delay   of   some    four  or   five 
|iurs.    The  formation  of  these  crusts  is 
•incipally  due  to  irregularity   in   firing. 
It  the  varying  physical  condition  of  the 


raw  ore  may  also  contribute  to  it.  The 
disparity  of  tonnage  between  the  two  fur- 
naces is  to  be  sought  in  their  size,  the 
large  furnace  being  more  easily  handled 
than  the  smaller  one.  The  builders  of 
the  plant  at  the  Fernic  works,  therefore, 
recommend  furnaces  164  ft.  long  by  9  ft. 
10  in.  in  diameter,  and  estimate  their 
output  at  200  to  250  tons  of  agglomerate 
in  24  hours. 

Power  and  Fuel  Consumption 

The  consumption  of  power  at  the  Fer- 
nic plant  amounts  to  170  h.p.,  distributed 
as  follows:  40  h.p.  for  running  the  fur- 
naces; 30  h.p.  for  driving  two  fans,  one 
for  each  furnace;  and  100  h.p.  for  drying 
cylinder,  grinding  mills  and  conveyers. 
The  coal-dust  consumption  amounts  to 
from  12  to  15  per  cent,  of  the  agglom- 
erate produced. 

The  164- ft.  furnace  is  believed  to  re- 
quire only  10  per  cent,  fuel,  which  will 
be  a  large  saving.  It  is  further  estimated 
that  such  a  furnace,  with  all  its  auxiliary 
machinery,  will  cost  $50,000  and  supply 
60,000  tons  of  agglomerate  per  annum, 
with  a  power  consumption  of  140  h.p., 
using  four  men  per  shift. 


Steam    and  Air  Flow  Meters 


The  necessity  for  economy  induced  the 
Genera!  Electric  Company  to  conduct  ex- 
periments with  a  view  to  perfecting  a 
practical  steam  meter.  Over  1000  actual 
tests  were  made  and  such  an  instrument 
is  now  on  the  market.  The  company  de- 
veloped a  recording  steam-flow  meter,  two 
types  of  indicating  steam-flow  meters  and 
an  indicating  air-flow  meter,  each  of 
which  is  designed  to  measure  accurately 
the  rate  of  flow  of  steam,  air  or  other 
gases  under  any  conditions  of  pressure 
and  temperature  in  general  practice. 

Principle  of  the  Flow  Meter 

The  principle  governing  the  action  of 
the  flow  meter  is  a  modification  of  that  of 
the  Pitot  tube.  A  brass  nozzle  plug, 
screwed  into  the  pipe  at  the  point  where 
the  flow  is  to  be  measured,  carries  two 
sets  of  openings:  A  leading  set,  facing  the 
direction  of  flow  and  extending  diametri- 
cally across  the  pipe;  and  a  trailing  set, 
consisting  of  two  openings  at  90  deg.  and 
one  at  180  deg.  to  the  direction  of  flow. 
The  impingement  of  the  steam  against 
the  leading  openings,  sets  up  in  them  a 
pressure  equal  to  the  static  pressure  plus 
the  pressure  due  to  the  velocity  head, 
while  the  trailing  set  is  acted  on  by  the 
static  pressure  less  that  due  to  the  ve- 
locity. The  difference  in  these  values  is 
a  measure  of  the  velocity,  and  for  con- 
stant temperature  and  pressure,  gives  the 
rate  df  flow.  The  pressures  existing  in 
the  two  sets  of  openings  are  communi- 
cated through  separate  longitudinal  tubes 
to  the  outer  end  of  the  plug  and  from 
there  by  '4 -in.  iron  pipes  to  the  meter. 


Recording  Steam 
The  recording  steam-flow  meter,  type 
R,  form  D,  is  a  curved  drawing  instru- 
ment, accurately  calibrated  to  record  the 
total  rate  of  steam  flow  in  pounds  per 
hour.  In  this  meter  there  are  two  cylin- 
drical hollow  cups  filled  to  about  half 
their  hight  with  mercury  and  joined  to- 
gether at  the  bottom  by  a  hollow  tube. 
This  U-tube  is  supported  on,  and  free  to 
move  as  a  balance  about,  a  set  of  knife- 
edges.  The  two  pressures  obtained  by  the 
nozzle  plug  are  communicated  to  the  cups 
by  flexible  steel  tubing,  whereupon  the 
difference  in  pressure  is  equalized  by  a 
rising  of  mercury  in  the  left-hand  cup 
and  a  falling  in  the  right-hand  cup.  Due 
to  the  displacement  of  the  mercury,  the 
beam  carrying  the  cups  tilts  on  the  knife- 
edges  until  the  moment  of  the  counter- 
weights on  the  extreme  right  of  the  me- 
ter exactly  balances  the  moment  caused 
by  the  displacement  of  the  mercury  in 
the  left-hand  cup. 

The  motion  of  the  beam  is  multiplied 
by  levers  and  is  registered  by  a  pen.  The 
time  element  of  the  meter  consists  of  an 
eight-day  clock  driving  a  drum  and  feed- 
ing paper  at  the  rate  of  I  in.  per  hour. 
Charts  are  supplied  in  sizes  to  measure 
a  flow  of  from  2000  to  240.000  lb.  per 
hour,  and  of  sufficient  length  to  last  one 
month.  The  rate  of  flow  can  be  read  at 
any  instant  or  the  average  rate  of  flow 
calculated  for  a  given  time. 

Indicating  Steam  Flow  Meters 

The  type  I.  form  F,  steam-flow  meter 
will  meet  general  requirements  where  an 
indicating  rather  than  a  recording  instru- 
ment is  required.  Owing  to  its  simplicity 
of  construction,  light  weight  and  durabil- 
ity, it  will  be  found  especially  useful  for 
testing  work. 

Air  Flow  Meter 

The  type  I.  form  F,  indicating  air-flow 
meter  is  identical  in  principle  and  method 
of  operation  with  the  steam  meter,  except 
that  water  is  used  in  the  "U"  tube  as  a 
working  fluid  and  the  chart  dial  is  cali- 
brated to  read  in  cubic  feet  free  air  per 
minute  at  70  deg.  F.  per  square  inch  pipe 
area.  The  air  flow  meter  is  made  in  two 
ranges:  Low  pressure  12  to  35  lb.,  and 
high  presure  10-  to  120-lb.  gage. 

Uses 
Some  of  the  many  uses  for  which  the 
meters  are  adapted  can  be  summarized 
as  follows:  For  recording  the  total 
amount  of  steam  generated  by  a  battery 
of  boilers;  equalizing  the  load  on  indi- 
vidual boilers;  discovering  internal  leaks 
in  boilers;  determining  the  deterioration 
of  efficiency  of  a  boiler  due  to  formation 
of  scale;  the  efficiency  of  stoking;  the 
amount  of  steam  sold  for  power,  heating 
or  manufacturing  purposes;  for  discover- 
ing losses  originating  from  leaks  between 
boilers  and  points  of  consumption,  which 
could  not  be  otherwise  detected. 


218 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


The    Calumet    &    Hecla  Sand  Wheels 


BY  C  L.  C  FICHTEL* 


The  determining  features  in  the  selec- 
tion of  a  site  for  a  stamp  mill  in  the 
Lake  Superior  copper  district  are:  An 
abundant  water  supply;  ample  space  for 
the  disposal  of  tailings;  a  site  within  rea- 
sonable distance  from  the  mine,  and  ac- 
cessible for  economical  transportation. 
The  stamp  mills  in  this  section  with  one 
or  two  exceptions,  are  built  on  the  shores 
of  lakes,  from  which  the  water  is  pumped 
for  milling  purposes  and  into  which  the 
tailings  are  discharged.  The  average 
amount  of  water  used  throughout  the 
district  in  this  work  is  about  22:1  by 
weight.  It  is  readily  seen  that  a  large 
quantity  of  water  is  necessary  for  the 
tremendous  rock  tonnage  that  is  handled. 

Disposal  of  Tailings 

The  tailings  are  in  the  form  of  fine 
gravel  and  in  order  to  carry  it  in  suspen- 
sion the  launders  must  mave  a  minimum 
drop  of  fi  in.  per  foot.  Therefore,  if 
the  tailings  are  to  be  carried  any  great 
distance,  the  mill  must  be  built  at  a  con- 
siderable elevation  above  the  dumping 
space  to  allow  it  to  be  handled  by  grav- 
ity, or  the  introduction  of  mechanical 
means  to  secure  sufficient  hight  becomes 
necessary. 

The  Calumet  &  Hecla  mills  are  situ- 
ated on  the  flat,  but  a  few  feet  above  lake 
level,  in  close  proximity  to  the  original 
shore  line  of  Torch  lake.  The  available 
space  for  the  disposal  of  the  tailings  be- 
came filled  and  in  the  further  extension 
of  the  launders  it  became  necessary  to 
secure  an  additional  initial  hight  to  al- 
low for  drop.  This  point  was  accom- 
plished by  the  use  of  large  wheels,  known 
as  sand  wheels,  which  elevated  the  sand 
and  water  to  the  required  hight.  The 
company  has  five  of  these  wheels  in  op- 
eration, one  of  which  is  40  ft.  in  diameter, 
three,  50  ft.,  and  one,  60  feet. 

The  tailings  at  the  Calumet  &  Hecla 
mills  are  among  the  most  extensive  in 
the  world  and  carry  from  5  to  15  lb.  of 
copper  to  the  ton.  Many  attempts  have 
been  made  to  rework  these  sands,  with 
varying  success.  The  company  a  few 
months  ago  started  a  large  regrinding  and 
concentrating  plant  which  is  now  treating 
the  tailings  as  they  come  from  the  stamp 
mills  and  it  is  planned  ultimately  to  work 
over  the  old  sands. 

The  60-FOOT  Sand  Wheel 

In  appearance  this  wheel  resembles  a 
gigantic  bicycle  wheel  and  was  designed 
along  those  lines  by  R.  D.  Leavitt,  of 
Cambridge,    Mass.,     formerly    consulting 

•Pnlumpt  &  Ilppin  Mliiliitr  Compiiiiv.  Cnlit- 
DiPt.    Midi. 


engineer  for  the  company.  This  wheel 
was  built  by  the  Poole  Engineering  and 
Machine  Company,  being  one  of  the  few 
companies  having  shop  facilities  capable 
of  handling  a  piece  of  apparatus  of  this 
size.  It  is  60  ft.  in.  diameter  and  weighs 
with  its  base  plates  and  supporting  col- 
umns nearly  500  tons.  The  shaft  of  the 
wheel  is  made  of  Krupp's  crucible  cast 
steel,  32  in.  in  diameter,  27  ft.  long,  with 
a    16-in.   hole   bored   through   the   center 


rings,  made  up  of  20  segments  each.  The 
inner  rim  is  supported  by  the  radial 
spokes  and  strengthens  the  entire  struc- 
ture. The  outer  rim  is  fastened  to  the 
inner  by  bolts  and  keys,  and  on  the 
periphery  of  this  rim  staggered  or  step- 
gear  teeth  are  cast,  which  are  milled  to  an 
accuracy  of  0.001  in.  variation.  The  pitch 
of  the  working  teeth  is  4.7  in.  and  each 
row  of  teeth  is  12  in.  wide,  making  a 
working  face  of  24  in.     There  are  26  of 


Calumet  &  Hecla  Tailings  Wheel  in  Course  of  Construction;  Milling 

OF  THE  Teeth 


and  weighs  about  21  tons.  On  either 
end  of  the  shaft  is  fitted  a  gun-metal  hub, 
each  weighing  10  tons.  Forty  4-in.  spokes 
radiate  from  each  of  these  hubs,  termin- 
ating in  a  block  which  supports  the  sec- 
tions of  the  inner  rim.  At  the  center  of 
the  shaft  is  placed  a  wheel  about  twice 
the  diameter  of  the  hubs  and  from  this 
radial,  bars  or  spokes  extend  to  the  cen- 
ter of  each  block.  All  these  spokes  are 
fitted  with  a  special  nut  and  thread  for 
adjusting  purposes. 

The    wheel   consists   of  two   concentric 


these  teeth   on  each   segment,  or  a  total  , 
of  520  teeth  for  the  wheel. 

On  each  side  of  this  sectional  ritn, 
which  is  shown  in  the  cut  taken  when  the 
teeth  on  the  outer  rim  were  being  milled, 
an  extension  of  the  same  depth  as  the 
rim  and  about  5  ft.  wide  is  riveted. 
Into  each  of  these  rectangular  iron 
plate  boxes  are  fitted  275  iron  buckets, 
each  3  ft.  wide  by  4  ft.  6  in.  long.  When 
they  are  all  in  place  these  parts  of  thei 
wheel  resemble  the  blades  of  a  huge  tur-' 
bine. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


219 


Operation  of  the  Wheel 

In  revolving  the  wheel  passes  through 
a  shallow  pit  into  which  the  tailings  from 
the  mills  empty,  thus  filling  the  buckets 
in  turn  on  their  way  through.  The  buck- 
ets are  set  at  an  angle,  which,  together  with 
the  peripheral  velocity,  prevents  dis- 
charge until  a  horizontal  position  is 
reached  near  the  top  at  an  elevation  of 
about  50  ft.  An  iron  trough  is  built  on 
each  side  of  the  wheel,  into  which  the 
buckets  empty  and  through  which  the 
water  and  gravel  are  carried  to  the  laun- 
ders. 

Power  Supplied  by  Motor  Through 
Rope  Drive  and  Pinion 

The  wheel  is  driven  by  a  700-h.p.,  3- 
phase,  25-cycle,  440-volt  induction  motor 
of  the  wound-rotor,  external-resistance 
type,  by  means  of  a  rope  drive  and  pin- 
ion.   The  pinion  is  37  in.  in  diameter  and 


for  a  number  of  years  found  a  market  at 
the  Irondale  plant.  Magnetite  is  the  most 
common  iron  ore  of  British  Columbia 
and  numerous  outcrops  are  found  both 
on  the  east  and  west  sides  of  Vancouver 
island.  The  coast  magnetites  are  higher 
in  iron,  some  masses  containing  70  per 
cent,  iron,  though  the  ore,  as  a  whole, 
will  probably  not  average  over  55  to 
60  per  cent.  The  phosphorus  content  is 
low.  The  sulphur  content  is  high  and  lo- 
cal abundance  of  sulphides  is  common. 
A  thorough  roasting  of  the  ore  might, 
therefore,  be  necessary. 

There  are  numerous  claims  on  Vancou- 
ver island  where  the  few  available  work- 
ings show  the  ore  to  occur  in  stringers, 
blankets  and  pockets.  There  are,  how- 
ever, a  few  properties,  surface  indica- 
tions on  which  are  so  promising  that 
they  must  sooner  or  later  be  explored 
and    developed.      Among    these    are    the 


Supporting  Columns  for  Calumkt  i!v  Hecla  Tailings  Wheel 


is  fitted  with  two  rows  of  teeth  accurate- 
ly milled  to  match  the  large  wheel,  each 
row  having  23  teeth.  The  motor  operates 
at  150  r.p.m.  and  the  sand  wheel  makes 
about  four  revolutions  per  minute,  giving 
the  peripheral  speed  at  the  inner  edge  of 
the  buckets  about   12  ft.  per  second. 


Iron  Ore  Deposits  of  Vancouver 
and  Texada 


The  iron-ore  deposits  of  Vancouver  and 
Texada  islands.  B.  C,  interest  in  which 
ias  been  stimulated  by  efforts  to  rees- 
ablish  the  iron  industry  fonnerly  carried 
>n  at  Irondale.  Wash.,  have  been  made 
he  subject  of  a  report'  by  the  Canadian 
)epartment  of  Mines.     The  Texada  ores 


'"Irnti  Ore  Deposits  of  Viinooiivpr  and  Tpx- 
In  Islnnds.  B.  C."  by  KInar  I.lnflpmnn 
innrtlnn  Pr-pnrtmont  iif  MInps.  Ottnw.a.  Cov- 
iinKMit    I'llntlntf   riiin-nii.    I'.ilO. 


iron  mines  on  Texada  island,  and  the 
properties  at  Head  hay,  Klaanch,  Quin- 
sain  and  Gordon  rivers  on  Vancouver 
island.  .\  detailed  description  of  these  is 
given,  together  with  analyses  of  the  ore. 
The  deposits  on  the  western  slope  of 
Texada  island,  from  three  to  four  miles 
north  of  Gillies  bay,  have  been  known 
for  many  years,  and  were  taken  up  for 
iron  as  early  as  1875.  The  principal 
deposits  are  on  the  Prescott,  Paxton  and 
Lake  properties.  The  Prescott  has  been 
most  largely  developed  and  for  several 
\cars  shipped  ore  to  Irondale,  Washing- 
ton. They  arc  situated  close  to  the  water 
front,  and  a  little  bay  offers  good  facil- 
ities for  shipping.  Mr.  Lindeman  also 
treats  briefly  of  the  possibilities  of  an 
iron  industry  in  British  Columbia,  giv- 
ing data  as  to  the  cost  of  manufacturing 
pig  iron,  which  is  calculated  as  approxi- 
mately Slfi   per   ton.   as   compared    with 


the  cost  of  the  imported  article  ranging 
from  $22  to  $31.  He  is  not  disposed 
to  be  hopeful  as  to  the  success  of  such 
an  undertaking,  owing  to  the  limited 
home  market.  He  anticipates  that  the 
prospective  rapid  development  of  the 
province  will  bring  more  favorable  con- 
ditions and  make  it  profitable  to  utilize  its 
iron-ore   resources. 


The    Ooregum    Gold    Mine,  India 


Special  Correspondence 


During  1909  125,349  long  tons  were 
crushed  by  the  Ooregum  Gold  Mining 
Company,  of  India,  Ltd.,  and  a  yield  of 
£349,012  was  recovered.  The  grade  of 
the  ore  (which  has  steadily  risen  since 
1905  when  it  was  8  dwt.  21  grains  of  gold 
per  ton)  averaged  12  dwt.  15  grains  of 
bar  gold  per  ton  as  against  12  dwt.  3 
grains  in  1908.  The  amount  realized  was 
55.6s.    (S13.52)    per  ton   milled. 

The  ore  reserves  are  slightly  above 
what  they  were  last  year  and  are  now 
157,582  tons;  a  figure  none  too '  large, 
taking  into  consideration  the  annual  pro- 
duction of  about  125,000  tons.  The  camp 
appears  to  be  overrun  with  rats  and  mice 
as  the  slaughter  of  17,508  head  during 
the  year  is  recorded,  as  well  as  263  dogs 
on  account  of  rabies. 

The  mine  is  now  being  operated  on 
more  favorable  conditions  than  formerly, 
owing  to  the  direct  communication  be- 
tween the  deeper  levels  and  the  surface 
through  Bnllen's  vertical  shaft.  Costs 
will  also  be  favorably  affected  through 
the  change  of  rate  for  power  supplied 
ffom  the  Cauvery  electric  station,  the 
cost  per  h.p.  having  been  reduced  from 
£24  to  £10.  The  depth  of  Bullen's  shaft 
is  now  3450  feet. 


Tharsis    Sulphur  and  Copper 
Company 

The  Tharsis  Sulphur  and  Copper  Com- 
pany, Spain,  produced  4357  tons  of  re- 
fined copper  in  1909,'  a  decrease  of  70 
tons  from  the  output  in  1908.  The  Tharsis 
mines  extracted  79.432  tons  of  ore  and 
the  Calanas  mines  293,643  tons,  a  total 
of  373,075  tons,  as  compared  with  440.- 
886  tons  in  1908.  The  Calaiias  mine  also 
produced  15,977  tons  of  "cupreous  ster- 
ile." On  the  Tharsis  there  were  removed 
12,177  cu.m.  of  overburden,  and  on  the 
Calanas  226,8,=i9  cu.m.  Washing  of  the 
old  mineral  heaps  at  the  Lagunazo  mines 
was  continued  during  the  year.  The  net 
profit  for  the  year  was  £162,743  and  a 
dividend  of  5s.  per  share  02''  percent.) 
was  declared.  The  report  shows  that  in 
the  43  years  of  the  company's  operations 
gross  profits  to  the  amount  of  £13.012.- 
200  have  been  made,  of  which  £9.164.682 
(830-M  per  cent,  on  the  stock!  has  been 
distributed  as  dividends. 


220 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


The  Tilden  Automatic  Stoker 
Controller 


The  Federal  Lead  Company  of  Flat 
River,  Missouri,  recently  installed  a  Til- 
den automatic-stoker  controller,  which  it 
is  claimed,  will  reduce  the  amount  of  coal 
consumed,  and  at  the  same  time  give 
more  uniform  results  in  the  operation  of 
the   boilers. 

The  automatic-stoker  controller  reg'u- 
lates  the  position  of  the  boiler  or  flue 
damper  and  the  operating  speed  of  the 
stoker.  It  consists  of  a  iDrass-lined  water 
cylinder  having  a  leather-packed  piston 
AI,  which  is  connected  to  a  water  supply 
through  a  pilot  valve  H.  This  pilot  valve 
is  actuated  from  the  steam  piston  B  by 
a  system  of  levers,  whereby  a  movement 
of  the  steam  piston  in  either  direction 
causes  the  pilot  valve  to  admit  water  un- 
der pressure  to  either  side  of  the  main 
piston  through  the  ports  /  and  K.  The 
outward  motion  of  the  main  piston  tends 
to  close  the  pilot  valve,  and  when  the 
steam'  piston  reaches  a  point  where  its 
increasing  load  balances  the  boiler  pres- 
sure, the  main  piston  having  overtaken  it, 
the  pilot  valve  is  closed,  thus  locking 
the  main  piston  in  positon. 

Operation  When  Pressure  Decreases 

In  a  corresponding  maner  as  the  steam 
pressure  decreases  the  steam  piston 
moves  inward  and  first  opens  the  pilot 
valve  in  the  opposite  direction  allowing 
the  escape  of  water  from  the  main  piston 
and  admitting  water  to  the  other  side, 
thus  reversing  the  motion  and  allowing 
the  main  piston  to  move  back  until  it 
again  overtakes  the  steam  piston,  closes 
the  pilot  valve,  and  locks  itself  as  before. 
It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  movement 
of  the  main  piston  corresponds  exactly  to 
the  fluctuations  of  the  steam  pressure. 
The  steam  piston  is  counterweighted  in 
such  a  manner  that  a  variation  of  5  to 
JO  per  cent,  of  the  normal  steam  pres- 
sure will  cause  a  maximum  travel  of  the 
steam  piston  and  correspondingly  of  the 
main  piston.  The  total  travel  harmonizes 
exactly  with  the  gradual  increase  or  de- 
crease of  the  steam  pressure  so  that 
when  the  mechanism  is  in  operation  it  is 
in  a  state  of  balance  moving  very  slightly 
one  way  or  the  other  corresponding  to 
the  fluctuation  in  the  steam  and  thus 
maintaining  just  enough  draft  and  fuel 
feed  to  produce  the  required  steam  pres- 
sure. AH  levers  are  hung  on  knife  edges, 
the  pilot  valve  is  balanced  so  internal 
friction  is  reduced  to  a  minimum.  The 
machine  moves  upon  a  variation  in  steam 
pressure  of  less  than  can  be  detected 
on  the  ordinary  steam  gage. 

The  action  thus  obtained  occurs  with 
slight  increase  of  steam  pressure  and  the 
reverse  action  is  obtained  with  a  corre- 
sponding decrease  of  pressure.  The  re- 
sultant position  of  the  damper  is  due  to 


a  series  of  slight  motions  in  opposite 
directions,  as  above  outlined,  which  fol- 
low the  fluctuations  of  the  steam  pres- 
sure, the  entire  apparatus  being  in  a 
fixed  state  of  equilibrium,  except  at  such 
times  as  increase  or  decrease  of  steam 
pressure  serves  to  throw  it  momentarily 
out  of  balance.  The  main  piston  is 
connected    at    P.   with    a    set   of   rods    or 


(3)  The  air  supply  at  all  rates  bears 
a  fixed  relation  to  the  fuel  supply. 

(4)  The  controller  provides  uniform 
steam  pressure,  without  extreme  peaks 
and  depressions  of  the  "saw  tooth"  effect 
common  to  close  hand-damper   regulation. 

(5)  The  controller  does  not  impose 
that  severe  furnace  condition  of  closing 
the  damper  tight  with  the  furnace  very 


attached  here 

The  Enginaerinff  f  Minini/  .lounwi 

The  Tilden  Automatic  Stoker  Controller  in  Use  by  the  Federal 
Lead  Company,  Flat  River,  Mo. 


levers  to  the  damper  or  stoker,. which  are 
to   be   regulated. 

Advantages  of  Tilden  Stoker 

The  advantages  gained  by  the  use  of 
the  Tilden  stoker  controller  are: 

(1)  The  stoker  controller  governs  the 
capacity  developed  by  the  furnace,  gene- 
rating just  as  many  horsepower  as  are 
required  to  meet  the  demand. 

(2)  For  each  desired  capacity  it  sup- 
plies a  certain  definite  rate  of  fuel  feed 
and  air  supply. 


hot,   thus  causing   a    rapid   deterioration 
of  furnace  walls  and  grates. 

(6)  The  regulator  responds  to  the 
slightest  demand  for  steam,  a  drop  in 
pressure  of  five  pounds  causing  it  to 
change  the  furnace  and  boiler  from  Its 
state  of  minimum  rating  to  one  of  maxi- 
mum rating. 

(7)  The  controller  will  operate  be- 
tween any  ordinary  limits  of  steam  pres- 
sure, and  the  water  pressure  necessary 
to  operate  is  any  pressure  above  20| 
pounds. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


221 


The  Porcupine  District,  Ontario 


BY  R.  W.  BROCK 


Great  interest  is  being  taken  in  the 
Porcupine  district.  Already  prices  of 
claims  are  away  above  any  determined 
value,  and  the  bviying  and  selling  is  on  a 
speculative  rather  than  a  business  basis. 
About  9000  claims  have  been  staked. 
The  great  majority,  of  course,  have  no 
real  present  or  prospective  value  as 
mines,  but  they  are  in  Porcupine  and  they 
can  be  bought  and  sold.  But  there  are 
some  really  good-looking  prospects, 
quartz  is  remarkably  widespread  over  the 
district,  and  visible  gold  is  abundant  in 
seme  showings,  and  has  been  found  at 
numerous  and  widely  separated  points. 

Most  of  the  gold  occurrences  so  far  lo- 
cated are  in  the  township  of  Tisdale,  but 
some  of  the  properties  are  in  Whitney, 
others  in  Shaw  and  in  the  Forest  Reserve. 
A  new  discovery  has  just  been  announced 
from  Kamiskotia  lake,  west  of  the  Mata- 
gami  rivsr.  Then,  of  course,  there  are  the 
older  discoveries  in  Nighthawk  lake.  The 
prevailing  rocks  are  greenstones  (includ- 
ing old  diabases),  quartz-porphyries,  and 
schist,  presumably  of  Keewatin  age,  with 
some  slates,  greywackes,  and  conglomer- 
ates, probably  Huronian.  The  quartz 
seems  to  occur  in  any  of  the  rocks  and  in 
%1!  manner  of  forms.  There  are  some 
well  defined  veins,  there  are  some  large 
apparently  isolated  masses  of  it,  the  so- 
called  "domes"  and  there  are  numerous 
irregular  quartz  stringers,  which  may 
swell  out  in  places  to  large  masses  that 
may  or  may  not  have  a  vertical  extension. 
The  majority  of  the  veins  and  zones  of 
quartz  stringers  seen,  had  a  strike  ap- 
proximately northeast,  while  that  of  the 
rocks  was  more  nearly  east — that  is.  they 
Acre  distinctly  cutting  across  the  strike 
or  schistosity  of  the  rocks,  as  the  case 
might  be.  A  few  had  a  strike  of  a  little 
south  of  east.  The  quartz  holds  many 
inclusions  of  more  or  less  altered  country 
lock.  Pyrite  is  rather  extensively  devel- 
oped in  and  along  these  inclusions.  The 
gold,  which  is  often  coarse,  is  distributed 
in  much  the  same  way  as  the  pyrite,  with 
which  it  is  usually  rather  closely  asso- 
ciated, but  some  niay  be  found  in  the  pure 
quartz.  A  little  galena,  blende,  and  chal- 
copyrite  may  also  be  present.  A  ferrugin- 
ous carbonate,  probably  ankerite  or  sid- 
erite  is,  next  to  quartz,  the  most  abun- 
dant gangue  mineral.  It  weathers  deeply 
to  reddish-yellow  iron  oxide.  Calcite, 
chlorite,  talc,  probably  sericite,  and  feld- 
spar were   also   noticed. 

The  geologv  of  the  district  is  being 
studied  by  Professor  Miller,  provincial 
ceologist,     and     his     assistants,     Messrs. 

NiiTK — AUstrnrt    of    preliminary    ri^pnit     Is- 
sued  by    the   IJi'nIoKlcal    Survey    nf   Canndn. 
•Hirector,   fieoloslcal   Survey.   Ottawa.   Cnii. 


Knight  and  Burrows,  who  will  shortly 
issue  a  full  report  and  map.  It  was  un- 
der their  guidance  and  through  the  in- 
formation kindly  furnished  by  them  that 
in  the  short  time  at  my  disposal  I  was 
able  to  get  a  comprehensive  view  of  the 
camp  and  some  knowledge  of  the  geo- 
logical conditions. 

Porcupine  is  fortunate  in  having  had  a 
number  of  strong  interests  take  hold  in 
the  initial  stages  of  the  camp,  which  in- 
sures intelligent  development  and  a  thor- 
ough test  of  some  of  the  more  promising 
prospects.  Plants  were  brought  in  "dur- 
ing the  winter,  and  a  surprising  number 
of  properties  are  equipped  with  power 
plants. 

The  show  properties  at  present  are 
the  Timmons,  Dome  and  Foster. 

The  Timmons  is  about  7  miles  west  of 
Porcupine  lake  and  I'j  miles  east  of  the 
Matagami  river.  A  clearing  of  40  acres 
has  been  made  and  substantial  mine 
buildings  erected.  The  plant  consists  of 
two  boilers,  a  compressor,  hoist  and  dy- 
namo; a  crusher  and  small  prospecting 
stamp  mill  are  being  erected.  The  build- 
ings are  lighted  with  electricity,  and  sup- 
plied with  hot  and  cold  water,  baths,  etc. 
A  number  of  veins  are  exposed.  On  the 
largest,  with  a  maximum  width  of  about 
20  ft.,  three  shafts  have  been  sunk,  the 
distance  between  the  first  and  last  being 
about  800  ft.  For  the  greater  part  of 
this  distance,  vein  is  exposed.  The  deep- 
est shaft  is  about  90  ft.  and  is  in  a  12- 
ft.  vein  at  the  bottom.  Sinking  is  being 
continued.  Beautiful  ore,  carrying  free 
gold,  is  obtained  at  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft,  and  over  the  surface  showings, 
gold  splashes  are  liberally  scattered. 
About  300  tons  of  very  promising  ore  is 
on  the  dump,  from  which  almost  any- 
where showy  specimens  might  be  ob- 
tained. Several  lots  of  ore  from  the 
dump,  sent  out  for  sampling,  are  said  to 
have  yielded  high  results.  The  fresh  ore 
is  very  promising  looking  and  seems 
quite  as  good  at  90  ft.  as  on  the  surface. 
A  number  of  other  veins  have  been 
stripped,  one  of  which  has  .been  traced 
about  300  ft.  and  shows  gold  at  various 
points. 

The  Dome  is  also  under  vigorous  de- 
velopment. Here  two  large  masses  of 
quartz,  60  ft.  or  so  in  width  and  of  con- 
siderable length,  are  opened  up.  Coarse 
gold  adorns  the  surface  of  the  quartz 
at  a  number  of  points  and  the  system- 
atic sampling  of  the  quartz  is  said  to 
yield  very  satisfactory  results.  Several 
shafts  have  been  sunk  and  diamond  drill- 
ing is  now  to  be  undertaken  to  determine 
the  conditions  at  depth.  A  small  test  mill 
is    being    erected    and    the    property    is 


equipped  with  a  good  plant  and 
buildings. 

The  Foster  vein  is  a  belt  or  vein  of 
the  iron  carbonate  filled  with  transverse 
masses  and  veins  of  quartz.  The  quartz 
contains  many  inclusions  of  the  carbon- 
ate in  which  sulphides  and  gold  have 
been  deposited.  This  vein  or  belt  has 
been  traced  for  nearly  half  a  mile  and 
has  a  width,  where  exposed  on  the  Fos- 
ter, of  from  6  to  20  ft.  Fine  showings 
of  gold  occur  and  the  clean-cut  character 
and  extensive  horizontal  dimensions  of 
the  lode  suggest  that  it  may  have  an 
equally  strong  vertical  extension. 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that 
there  are  some  grounds  for  the  hopeful- 
ness regarding  the  future  of  this  baby 
camp.  Of  course  there  are  properties 
here  which  will  furnish  specimens,  but 
never  anything  more,  and  lots  that  will 
not  do  even  this.  There  are  some  that 
will  be  "teasers,"  with  just  enough  quartz 
with  values  to  attract  money  for  their  de- 
velopment; but  not  enough  in  one  place, 
or  not  enough  continuity  to  the  bodies 
to  be  exploited  profitably.  But  there  are 
some  really  promising  prospects,  which, 
even  if  they  should  not  prove  altogether 
satisfactory  with  depth,  yet  may  on  their 
present  showings  have  quite  a  tidy  out- 
put of  gold. 

The  development  during  the  next  few 
months,  which  will  furnish  some  clue  as 
to  the  deeper  conditions,  will  be  followed 
with  much  interest.  The  history  of  gold 
mining  in  Ontario  has  not  been  highly 
encouraging,  but  it  is  to  be  remembered 
that  gold  mining  in  Ontario  is  today  in 
exactly  the  same  position  as  was  silver 
mining  seven  years  ago,  and  the  chances 
of  finding  a  notable  gold  camp  are  today 
quite  as  good  as  were  the  chances  of 
locating  a  Cobalt  at  that  time. 

Porcupine  is  as  yet  in  the  prospect 
stage.  But  it  has  some  of  the  essential 
qualities  of  a  gold  camp,  sufficient  to 
have  induced  experienced  mining  men  to 
take  up  options  at  high  figures,  and  to 
undertake  large  expenditures  to  deter- 
mine if  it  possesses  all  the  essential 
factors. 

Access  to  the  district  for  travelers  is 
now  comparatively  easy.  Most  go  in  via 
Kelso,  at.  Mile  Post  222  on  the  Temis- 
kaming  &  Northern  Ontario  railway. 
From  the  railway  a  stage  line  runs  12 
miles  to  the  inlet  of  Frederickhouse  lake. 
From  here  gasolene  launches  run  14 
miles  up  the  river  to  Nighthawk  lake, 
across  the  end  of  the  latter  and  for  some 
miles  up  the  Porcupine  river  to  Hill's. 
From  this  point  it  is  8  miles  by  trail  to 
Porcupine,  including  2  miles  that  may  be 
covered  by  canoe  ferry.     The  trip  from 


222 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


Kelso  to  Porcupine  takes  8  or  9  hours,  the  distance  is  28  miles.  A  service  is  railway,  at  Bisco,  down  the  MatagamI 
From  Hill's  there  is  also  a  canoe  route  also  being  established  for  freight  and  river  to  a  point  near  Timmons  mine  This 
up  the  river  with  a  gasolene  service,  but     passengers    from    the    Canadian    Pacific     trip  is  stated  to  be  made  in  two  days 


New  Kleinfontein  as  a  Representative  Rand  Mine 


LONDON  CORRESPONDENCE 


Though  the  New  Kleinfontein  mine  in 
the  Transvaal  has  often  been  referred  to 
on  account  of  its  surface  equipment,  it 
has  rarely  been  put  forward  as  repre- 
sentative of  the  Rand  in  the  matters  of 
its  reefs  and  of  its  position  underground. 
This  arises  from  its  situation  in  the  east- 
ern portion  of  the  field,  which  has  gen- 
erally been  looked  upon  as  providing  less 
regularity  in  the  value  of  the  orebody 
than  the  more  central  portions.  A  re- 
sume of  the  results  obtained  during  last 
year  and  a  comparison  of  these  with  the 
figures  of  the  years  immediately  pre- 
ceding, show  that  the  orebody  in  this 
mine  has  all  that  constancy  of  value 
■which  characterizes  the  banket  beds  of 
the  Transvaal. 

During  the  year  1909  the  gross  rev- 
enue was  £660,856,  or  29s.  per  ton,  of 
which  £227,000,  or  10s.  per  ton,  were 
distributed  as  profit,  this  being  at  the 
rate  of  25  per  cent.  In  comparison  with 
this,  the  figures  for  the  two  previous 
years  were:  for  1907,  9s.  4d.  per  ton, 
equal  to  20  per  cent.;  for  1908,  8s.  Id. 
per  ton,  or  20  per  cent. 

Ore  Reserves  Only  20  Per  Cent,  of 
Share  Valuation 

The  ore  reserves  at  the  end  of  the  year 
amounted  to  1,138,599  tons  of  7.50  dwt., 
from  which  gold  to  the  value  of  29s.  per 
ton  should  be  extracted  and  10s.  should 
be  distributed  as  profits.  Such  a  distri- 
bution would  in  total  be  £570,000,  equal 
to  about  12s.  per  share,  extending  over 
the  period  of  time  taken  to  mine  and 
treat  such  an  amount.  The  market  value 
of  these  shares  now  is  about  50s.,  of 
which,  therefore,  only  about  20  per  cent, 
is  secured  by  the  profit  in  sight,  leaving 
80  per  cent,  dependent  upon  the   future. 

Twenty  per  cent,  may  be  said  to  be 
about  the  average  security  provided  by 
the  ore  reserves  of  Rand  mines,  which 
have  long  years  of  life  before  them,  in- 
sofar as  it  can  be  calculated  by  the  area 
of  the  ground.  That  shareholders  are 
satisfied  with  this  security  in  a  mine,  is 
a  great  tribute  to  the  remarkable  main- 
tenance of  a  uniform  value  in  the  ore- 
body. 

Comparison  of  Ore  Reserves  with 

IVANHOE     ANn     WaIHI 

With  ordinary  reefs  a  much  greater 
security  is  required,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  Ivanhoe  mine  in  Western  Australia, 
where  the  present  value  of  the  cash  as- 


sets and  of  the  profit  in  sight,  is  ap- 
promixately  70  per  cent,  of  the  market 
value  of  the  shares.  In  the  case  of  the 
Waihi,  however,  the  security  worked  on 
the  same  lines  amounts  to  35  per  cent., 
thereby  expressing  a  confidence  which 
may  be  referred  to  the  number  of  large 
reefs  in  this  mine  and  to  the  compara- 
tively shallow  depth  to  which  mining  has 
proceeded. 

Uniformity  of   Orebodies 

The  great  uniformity  of  the  orebody 
in  the  mines  upon  the  Rand,  allows  these 
calculations  of  present  value  to  proceed 
beyond  the  profit  of  the  ore  in  sight  and 
to  include  all  the  ore  probable  within  the 
vertical  boundaries  of  the  reef  claims. 
Nor  are  such  calculations  made  in  se- 
cret; we  have  in  the  case  of  the  New 
Kleinfontein  mine  a  very  pertinent  in- 
stance which  occurred  when,  at  the  pur- 
chase of  some  aditional  claims  last  year, 
the  following  circular  was  issued  by  its 
London  committee: 

"Property  —  The  Orient  Syndicate 
claims,  shop  and  equipment,  which  have 
been  acquired  in  exchange  for  70,000  ful- 
ly paid  New  Kleinfontein  shares,  consists 
of  49  nominal  claims  (equal  to  47.037 
actual  claims)  and  two  water  rights.  The 
claims  are  bounded  on  three  sides  by  pro- 
ducing and  dividend-paying  mines,  and  on 
the  remaining  side  by  a  developed  mine.  It 
is  proposed  to  augment  the  present 
crushing  capacity  of  the  reduction  works 
M  the  New  Kleinfontein  company  by  10,- 
000  tons  per  month  to  deal  with  the  ore 
from  the  Orient  claims.  This  increase 
in  plant  is  estimated  to  be  sufficient  to 
exhaust  the  Orient  claims  at  the  same 
rate  as  the  present  equipment  will  ex- 
haust your  present  claim  area.  The  cap- 
ital expenditure  estimated  for  the  carry- 
ing out  at  these  works  and  for  certain 
extensions  and  improvements  in  connec- 
tion with  the  present  mine  equipment 
amounts  to  £100,000. 

Estimated  Ore  Contents  of  Orient 
Claims 

"It  is  estimated  that  there  are  2,140,- 
000  tons  of  milling  ore  in  the  property. 
This  estimate  is  based  on  the  expecta- 
tion that  the  main  reef  series  will  give 
results  equal  to  the  average  results  of 
the  New  Kleinfontein,  Van  Ryn  and 
Modderfontein  properties,  and  that  the 
south  reef  wil  be   found  profitable  in  20 


out  of  the  47  claims.  Assuming  that 
the  above  tonnage  will  yield  a  profit  of 
12s.  3d.  per  ton,  which  is  a  fair  aver- 
age of  the  profits  derived  from  the  three 
bordering  mines,  and  that  the  claims  will 
be  worked  out  in  18  years  from  Jan,, 
1911;  the  present  value  of  the  claims 
is  estimated  to  be  £10,600  per  claim. 
This  figure  agrees  closely  with  the  aver- 
age market  value  of  the  claims  and 
equipment,   of  the   surrounding  mines. 

"Purchase  Price  of  Claims— At  the 
date  of  purchase  of  these  claims  the 
market  price  of  a  New  Kleinfontein  com- 
pany share  was  50s.  The  price  paid  for 
the  claims  was  therefore  equivalent  to 
£175,000  and  the  price  per  claim  equals 
£3720.  From  the  foregoing  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  acquisition  of  these  claims 
on  the  terms  in  question  is  undoubtedly 
an  excellent  transaction  and  should  con- 
siderably enhance  your  company's  pros- 
pects. In  addition,  however,  they  possess 
a  secondary  value  in  respect  to  the  fa- 
cilities which  they  afford  for  the  working' 
of  your  western  claims,  and  the  manner 
in  which  they  square  off  the  existing 
holding,  and  finally,  from  a  speculative 
aspect  the  ground  in  question  adjoins  the 
richer  section  of  your  property,  and  is  on 
the  dip  of  the  Van  Ryn  company." 

Little  exception  can  be  taken  to  the 
figures  which  form  the  basis  of  the  state- 
ment above,  but  the  presentation  of  these 
figures  might  perhaps  have  been  more 
open. 

Present  Value  of  Claims 

The  present  value  of  the  claims  is  cal- 
culated at  a  profit  of  12s.  3d.  per  ton, 
though  it  is  more  than  likely  that  this 
figure  is  an  average  working  profit,  from 
which  in  general  the  distributed  profit 
would  be  10s.  per  ton,  and  as  the  pres- 
ent value  can  only  be  derived  from  the 
profit  distributed,  the  figure  of  £10,600 
per  claim  became  reduced  to  £8650.  From 
this  figure  also,  not  only  has  the  purchase 
price  to  be  deducted  before  any  profit  can 
be  shown  in  the  transaction,  but  so  also 
has  the  capital  expenditure  rendered  ne- 
cessary. This  was  stated  to  be  £100,000, 
equivalent  to  £2130  per  claim,  so  that 
the  complete  transaction  becomes  as  fol- 
lows: Estimated  present  value  per  claim, 
£8650;  purchase  price  per  claim,  £3720; 
capital  expenditure  per  claim,  £2130;  es- 
timated present  profit  on  the  transaction, 
£2800  pe.r  claim. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


223 


Buffalo  Mines,   Ltd. 


American  Women  in   the  Mountains     <^"'ty  in  establishing  his  family  life  in 

r   n  that  country 

oi  Peru 

Since  important  Peruvian  mines 
passed  under  the  control  of  American  in- 
terests a  number  of  engineers  from  the 
United  States  have  gone  to  that  country. 
This  is  particularly  the  case  with  the 
great  Cerro  de  Pasco  mines  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Peru  and  Bolivia,  which  are  sit- 
uated at  a  high  altitude.  There  has  been 
a  sort  of  general  impression  that  Ameri- 
can women  cannot  live  at  the  Cerro  de 
Pasco,  at  any  rate  in  comfort  and  health; 
and  to  disabuse  the  minds  of  our  readers 


The  Buffalo  Mines,  Ltd.,  of  Cobalt,  in 
August,  1909,  put  into  commission  a  cya- 
nide plant  which  treated  from  30  to  40 
tons  per  day  of  dry  slime  from  the  con- 
centrating department.  The  annual  report 
of  the  company  for  the  year  ended  April 
30,  1910,  states  that  the  process  of  treat- 
ment has  been  improved  and  that  the 
plant  is  gradually  working  itself  into  a 
profitable  department.    The  mining  facili- 


tons  of  dry  slime  from  the  concentrator 
and  recovered  54,872  oz.  equal  to  an  ex- 
traction of  66.08  per  cent.  The  further 
saving  thus  effected  brought  the  total  ex- 
traction by  mill  and  cyanide  plant  to  82.67 
per  cent. 

The  shipments  during  the  year 
amounted  to  769 '_■  tons  of  ore  and  con- 
centrates, of  which  115'..  tons  were  high- 
grade  ore.  The  smeltery  returns  showed 
an  average  of  1570  oz.  per  ton  in  the 
concentrates  and  3126  oz.  per  ton  for  the 
ore.  There  was  also  shipped  4285  lb. 
silver  bullion  returning  54,479  oz.  of  fine 
silver.  The  total  production  for  the  year, 
counting    what    was    on    hand    April    30, 


WkCP.. 


f^mnin*  'Wit 


'6m' 


JOUff/t'tL 


Amkkican  Women  at  the  Cerro  di-  Pasco  in  Peru 


and  especially  the  friends  of  those  engi- 
neers who  have  gone  there  of  this  idea, 
a  correspondent  sends  us  a  photograph 
which  we  reproduce  on  this  page.  It 
does  no*  include  all  the  American  women 
there  at  the  present  time,  but  there  are 
enough  of  them  to  show  that  not  only 
ladies,  but  children  and  babies  can  live 
there  and  present  a  very  healthy  and 
prosperous   appearance. 

The  photograph  certainly  does  show  a 
group  of  women  and  children  whose  gen- 
erally robust  and  cheerful  appearance  it 
would  be  hard  to  match  in  not  a  few  min- 
ing camps  in  the  United  States.  Anyone 
who  is  considering  or  may  consider  in 
the  future  the  question  of  going  to  Peru 
apparently  need  not  be  deterred  h\  any 
supposed   danger    from    climate,   or   diffi- 


ties  were  also  increased  from  90  to  130 
tons  and  ine  company  is  now  making 
preparations  to  i-aise  this  to  160  Jons  per 
day.  The  recently  installed  electric  power 
is  giving  satisfaction  and  the  company  is 
now  receiving  air  for  mining  purposes 
from  the  Cobalt  Hydraulic  Power  Com- 
pany. 

Development  during  the  year  consisted 
of  91  ft.  of  sinking,  31  ft.  of  raising,  1481 
ft.  of  drifting  and  the  stoping  of  43,956 
cu.ft.,  making  a  total  tonnage  of  ore 
broken  of  39,679. 

The  mill  treated  33,708  tons  of  ore 
averaging  40  oz.  silver  per  ton  and  re- 
covered a  total  of  1,0,59,900  oz.  equal  to 
an  extraction  of  78.60  per  cent.  The  con- 
centrates averaged  1575  oz.  per  ton  and 
in  addition  the  cyanide  plant  treated  6424 


1910,  amounted  to  1,491,750  oz.  silver  r.t 
a  cost  of  approximately  26c.  per  oz.  Dur- 
ing the  year  the  company  paid  S320,0C0 
in  dividends. 


Tasmanian  Dividends 


The  dividends  paid  by  mining  com- 
panies in  Tasmania  during  the  first 
quarter  of  1910  are  reported  by  the  Sec- 
retary for  Mines  as  follows:  Mount  Bis- 
hoff  Tin  Mining  Company,  £9000; 
Shepherd  and  Murphy  Syndicate,  £1000; 
Brisers  Tin  and  General  Mining  Com- 
pany. £15,000,  and  the  Cornwall  Coal 
Company,  £1359.  Copper  and  silver 
mines  paid  no  dividends. 


224 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


A  Model  Coal  Mining  Plant  in  Wyoming 

Description  of  Equipment  and  Methods  of  Superior    Coal    Company. 
A  Central   Power   Plant   Supplies    Five  Mines.      Electric   Hoists    Used 


B  Y 


HENRY 


M. 


PAYNE 


The  town  of  Superior  lies  about  290 
miles  west  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  and 
is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  with  ex- 
tends northward  from  the  main  line  at 
Thayer  Junction.  This  coalfield  was  first 
opened  up  at  Rock  Springs,  when  the 
Union  Pacific  was  extended  through  this 
territory,  in  the  late  sixties,  and  the 
seams  still  carry  the  nomenclature 
adopted  at  that  time.     The  coal  deposit 


operation.  This  is  equipped  with  eight 
internal  furnace  boilers,  each  9  ft.  6  in. 
in  diameter  and  rated  at  300  h.p.  each. 
These  boilers  are  fitted  with  automatic 
screw-feed  stokers,  and  are  placed  in  a 
concrete  boiler  house,  in  two  rows,  fac- 
ing one  another,  and  between  them,  are 
elevated  concrete  bins  to  which  the  coal 
is  carried  by  automatic  conveyers,  from 
the  re-screening  bins  at  £  mine.  The  con- 
veyers are  so  arranged  that  they  may  be 


ft.  up  the  hill  from  the  boiler  house 
and  a  10-in.  header  extends  from  the 
top  of  the  boilers  through  a  steam  tunnel, 
with  sufficient  grade  to  'drain  the  water 
back  to  the  boilers.  The  electric  equip- 
ment consists  of  four  General  Electric 
Curtiss  turbines  for  3000  volts  A.  C.  and 
two  similar  turbines  for  D.  C,  one  40- 
b.p.  marine  engine  exciter  and  one  15- 
h.p.  turbine  exciter,  with  A.C.  and  D.  C. 
panels.    This  requires  165  lb.  of  steam  at 


View  of  Power  Plant  and  "E"  Tipple,  at  Superior.  Wyoming 


is  horseshoe  shaped  with  one  wing  at 
Rock  Springs,  thence  curving  northward 
through  Gunn,  to  Superior  at  the  other 
wing.  At  Superior  there  are  four  work- 
able seams,  the  lowest  of  which  is  the 
Vandyke,  6  ft.  in  thickness,  then  the  No. 
7  which  is  6  to  7  ft.  thick.  Next  higher 
is  the  No.  1  which  runs  from  7  ft.  (5  in. 
to  9  ft.  thick,  and  the  No.  3  showing  5  to 
6  ft.  These  all  average  an  interval  of 
200  ft.,  and  only  the  No.  7  and  No.  1  are 
now  operated.  None  of  these  coals  is 
used  for  coking  but  is  mined  principally 
for  railroad  and  domestic  purposes. 

The  Superior  Coal  Company  has  five 
mines  in  operation,  named  A,  B,  C,  D 
and  E,  in  the  order  of  their  development. 
A  central  power  plant  supplies  the  whole 


•ronHiilthiK    ntfninu 
W.   Va. 


•nulncfr,    Mni-^anlnwii. 


fed  either  from  the  slack  bin,  or  a  loaded 
car. 

Concrete  Stack  at  Power  House 

The  stack  at  this  central  power  house 
is  of  concrete,  with  hollow  wall,  and  is 
located  on  the  hill  above  the  boiler' house. 
The  top  of  the  stack  is  100  ft.  above  the 
grates.  Investigation  at  the  time  of  con- 
struction showed  that  the  cost  of  this 
stack  was  exactly  the  same  as  would 
have  been  that  of  separate  steel  stacks 
for  the  same  horsepower  and  draft.  The 
inside  diameter  is  8  ft.  The  founda- 
tion extends  upward  for  20  ft.  from 
bed  rock,  and  the  inside  wall,  starting  at 
this  breeching,  is  6  in.,  4'1.  in.  and  3  in. 
in  thickness,  while  the  outside  wall  is  6 
in.  and  then  4  in.  thick. 

The  electric  power  plant  is  about  200 


the  boiler  house.  The  A.  C.  voltage  car- 
ried is  2300,  and  the  D.  C.  for  use  in- 
side, is  250.  A  portion  of  the  stages  are 
left  out  of  the  turbines  so  that  they  work 
non-condensing,  as  condensers  are  not 
economical  at  this  altitude,  which  is  about 
7000  feet. 

Close  to  the  power  plant  is  a  shaft 
108  ft.  deep  to  the  surface  of  the  coal, 
over  which  is  a  steel  headframe  with 
automatic  D.  C.  hoist  on  top  of  the  head- 
frame,  directly  over  the  shaft.  This  hoist 
develops  200  h.p.  and  has  a  double  drum 
9  in.  wide  and  7  ft.  in  diameter,  being 
operated  by  the  engineer  simply  throwing 
1  switch,  which  hoists  the  cage  and  auto- 
matically dumps  it  onto  the  lump  screen. 
The  coal  passing  through  the  screen 
either  goes  into  a  car  or  onto  a  conveyer 
which  carries  it  up  to  a  re-screener.    The 


July  30,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


225 


tipple  is  equipped  with  stiaking  screens 
which  divide  the  coal  into  three  smaller 
sizes. 

This  is  the  shaft  for  mine  E,  the  latest 
to  be  developed.  The  slope  entry  of  mine 
f.  will  eventually  connect  with  mine  B, 
and  everything  below  B  will  be  handled 
over  this  tipple,  which  is  also  equipped 
with  an  Ottumwa  cradle  box-car  loader, 


3600  ft.  and  the  grade  is  4  per  cent.  The 
slope  is  equipped  with  a  200-h.p.  D.C. 
hoist,  with  motor  generator  set.  On  the 
plane  is  a  35-h.p.  A.C.  hoist  for  dropping 
the  loads  to  the  dump  and  returning  the 
empties.  The  dump  is  equipped  with  a 
Phillips  automatic  cross-over  and  kick- 
back, pit  scales,  and  two  sets  of  railroad 
scales,   for  box-car  track   and   open   car 


min.,  and  the  rooms  are  driven  25  to  27 
fi.  wide,  on  55-ft.  centers,  and  parallel 
to  the  slope. 

Mine  B  is  in  the  No.  7  seam,  and  is  a 
drift  mine,  the  main  slope  being  over 
one  mile  in  length,  with  an  inclined  plane 
from  above,  from  which  cross  entries  are 
tiirned.  Haulage  is  done  with  a  10-ton 
General  Electric  locomotive    which   pulls 


Superior  Coal  Company  Department  Store 


Showing  the  Dump  at  "A"  Mine,  Superior,  Wyoming 


WW-* 

^^^^^^^^^^H 

1 

4 

MH 

SIQ 

l^t^^ttMj^ '  ''■'*' 

Mm 

^^■^^^Hr''*^ 

f^^ 

B 

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t 

■_;-..- VK?i'.^ 

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^^^^^^^^H^^"^ 

View  of  "E"  Tipple  of  Superior  Coal  Company 


General  View  of  Dump  at  the  "C"  Mine 


One  Side  ue  Powerhouse  Showing  D.  C.  and  A.  C. 
Switchboards 


View  of  Boilerhouse  Showing  Four  250-Horsepower 
Murray  Boilers 


handling    100.000   lb.   cars,   and   operated 
l"y  a  25-h.p.  engine. 

The  shaking  screens  are  run  by  a  35- 
h.p.  motor  and  the  conveyers  by  a  7-h.p. 
motor. 

Ottumwa  Box-car  Loader  Used 

The  tipple  at  mine  A  is  located  at  the 
top  of  a  plane.    The  foot  nf  the  slope  is 


track.  Mine  A  tipple  has  an  ordinary 
Ottumwa  box-car  loader,  operated  by 
steam  from  a  50-h.p.  internal  furnace 
boiler.  Mine  i4  is  a  room-and-pillar 
mine,  in  the  No.  I  seam  about  7  ft.  6  in. 
thick,  having  three  parallel  entries  (a 
slope,  manway  and  return  air  course). 
Its  output  is  900  tons  a  day.  The  seam 
pitches  to  the  northeast  about  4  deg.  30 


from  the  drift  and  on  one  dip  entry, 
where  the  maximum  grade  docs  not  ex- 
ceed 4  per  cent. 

The  plane  is  equipped  with  a  75-h.p. 
A.C.  Vulcan  hoist  with  Westinghouse  mo- 
tor, which  pulls  up  the  empties  and  lets 
down  the  loads  on  the  main  entry.  The 
present  output  of  mine  B  is  800  tons, 
but  the  equipment  provides  for  an  uiti- 


226 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


mate  output  of  1500  tons.  It  also,  is  a 
room-and-pillar  mine,  with  30- ft.  rooms 
on  55- ft.  centers. 

.Mine  C  is  a  slope  mine  in  the  No.  1 
seam,  with  26- ft.  rooms  on  50-ft.  cen- 
ters. The  gathering  is  done  by  a  10-  and 
a  4-ton  General  Electric  locomotive,  and 
the  1500  ton  output  is  hoisted  up  the 
slope  by  a  General  Electric  200-h.p.  hoist 
with  motor  generator  set.  Horses  and 
mules  are  also  used  in  all  the  mines  for 
gathering.  Mine  C  tipple  is  likewise 
equipped  with  shaking  screens  for  three 
grades  of  coal,  and  an  Ottumwa  box-car 
loader  operated  by  two  50-h.p.  internal 
furnace  boilers. 

Equipment  at  Mine  D 

Mine  D  is  one  of  the  latest  developed 
mines,  in  the  No.  1  seam,  and  has  one 
4-ton  General  Electric  locomotive  and  is 
being  equipped  with  mining  machines  and 
a  hoist  for  the  slope.  The  present  out- 
put is  750  tons  per  day,  but  is  being 
rapidly  raised  to  the  ultimate  output  of 
1500  tons  provided  for  in  the  equipment. 

The  Ottumwa  box-car  loader  at  this 
plant  is  operated  by  a  220-volt  A.C.  mo- 
tor stepped  down  from  2300  volts  and  de- 
veloping 50  horsepower. 

The  ventilation  at  all  the  mines  is  by 
Sturtevant  electric  fans  44  in.  in  diameter 
two  of  them  running  at  650  r.p.m.  and 
two  at  550  r.p.m.  These  are  all  operated 
by  a  direct-connected  motor,  on  A.C.  cur- 
rent at  variable  speed.  Two  of  the  fans 
are  constructed  to  give  40,000  cu.ft.  and 
two  of  them  60,000  cu.ft.  against  a  2-in. 
water-gage,  but  they  are  all  actually 
producing  double  this  quantity  against  a 
IK' -in.  water-gage.  These  fans,  being 
small  and  portable,  can  be  hauled,  motor 
and  all,  on  a  wagon,  from  place  to  place, 
and  set  up  in  24  hours. 

The  company  keeps  one  extra  fan  for 
emergency.  Owing  to  the  configuration 
of  the  country  and  the  variations  in  the 
formation,  the  mines  are  divided  into 
ventilation  districts,  so  that  no  more  air 
is  ever  needed  in  any  one  district  than 
one  fan  can  furnish.  There  is  one  split 
on  each  entry,  and  a  common  return. 
Whenever  so  many  splits  are  necessary 
as  to  exceed  the  ventilating  capacity  of 
one  fan,  a  new  district  is  created  and 
another   fan   placed. 

The  Hydraulic  Cartridge  Adopted 

All  the  mines  have  several  escapeways, 
which  are  now  used  for  or  can  readily 
be  converted  into  intakes.  The  com- 
pany has  recently  adopted  the  hydraulic 
mining  cartridge  as  a  substitute  for  ex- 
plosives in  these  mines,  and  to  increase 
the  amount  of  lump  coal  in  the  output. 
The  rooms  now  being  driven  will  be 
widened,  under  this  method,  which  does 
not  shatter  the  roof  rock,  and  the  output 
will,  therefore,  be  materially  increased 
with  the  same  number  of  working  places. 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  type 
form  under  which  these   mines   are  de- 


veloped and  the  manner  in  which  the  dis- 
trict ventilation  is  carried  on. 

The  camp  was  first  opened  in  1906,  and 
the  company  office  is  of  concrete,  1  ;/> 
stories,  steam-heated,  with  vault,  and 
elaborately  equipped  office  rooms  for  su- 
perintendent, clerks  and  engineers.  A 
large  department  store  which  would  be  a 
credit  to  any  city,  is  maintained,  in  a 
concrete  T-shaped  building,  40x120  ft., 
with  wings  40x80  ft.,  with  an  octagonal 
office  in  the  center,  and  a  cellar  under  all. 

Miners  Comprise  26  Nationalities 

Shortly,  after  the   completion    of    the 


Although  the  mines  are  never  gaseous 
the  company  has  18  sets  of  safety  lamps 
and  rescue  apparatus  on  hand,  and  main- 
tains a  perfectly  equipped  hospital  with 
accommodations  for  12  cots.  There  is 
little  or  no  water  in  the  mines  at  the 
present  time,  although  a  5  and  a  10- 
h.p.  triplex  electric  pump  are  provided 
for  future  use.  The  reservoir  furnishing 
the  camp  with  water  for  household  use, 
power  purposes,  and  fire  protection  is 
supplied  from  7  drilled  wells,  each  600 
ft.  deep,  and  more  wells  are  now  being 
sunk.  The  entire  camp  is  electric  lighted, 
and  presents  a  welcome  sight  in  an  other- 


'i=^ 


5th  North   Entry 


600  It.  Panels 

900  ft.  ■  15  H.P.  Elec. 

Hoist.  -  Rooms  Level 


800  ft.  Panels 


X    Concrete  Overcasts. 
[|     Concrete  StoppiugB. 


UA\ I R-R-Xrocks *         To  Thayec  Je. 

illHl'l  II 


The  Engineering  ^Mimnij  Journnl 


General  Plan  of  Development  Mine  "C".    Course  of  Air  is 
Shown  by  Arrows 


camp,  a  State  bank  was  organized  with  a 
capital  stock  of  SIO.OOO,  and  at  the  end 
of  the  first  six  months  of  its  existence, 
it  had  deposits  exceeding  $40,000  made 
by  the  miners  in  the  company's  employ. 
These  miners  comprise  26  different  na- 
tionalities, among  them,  English,  Irish, 
Scotch,  German,  French,  Austrian,  Ital- 
ian, Montenegrin,  Hungarian,  Slav,  Fin- 
nish, Japanese,  Spanish,  Mexican,  Welch, 
Dalmatian  and  Korean. 

The  total  population  of  the  camp  ex- 
ceeds 2000,  and  the  company  has  pro- 
vided a  school  house  accommodating  200 
children,  and  employing  4  teachers.  In 
addition  to  a  number  of  private  resi- 
dences there  are  300  three-,  four-  and 
five-room  tenement  houses,  a  public  hall 
for  lodges,  an  opera  house,  seating  500,  a 
bungalow  heated  from  the  office  steam 
plant,  and  a  fine  residence  for  the  super- 
intendent. 


wise    arid    spot,    far   removed    from    any 
large  towns. 


The  only  paying  mines  i.i  Panama  ars 
in  the  Darien  district  100  miles  south  of 
Panama.  Here  the  Darien  Gold  Mining 
Company  operated  by  a  Manchester 
(England)  Corporation,  stock  of  which  is 
owned  in  Paris,  has  been  paying  divi- 
dends of  25  per  cent,  per  annum,  for  over 
20  years.  The  ore  is  free-milling  gold 
quartz  running  40  per  ton.  The  original 
vein  worked  was  much  richer,  running 
100  per  ton,  on  which  a  40-stamp  mill 
was  built,  this  mill  has  been  in  continu- 
ous operation  and  is  said  to  make  a  90 
per  cent,  extraction.  The  company  has 
just  completed  ,50  km.  of  narrow-gage 
road  to  connect  Camp  Cana,  with  water 
transportation  at  a  point  on  the  Rio 
Tuayra. 


July  30.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


227 


Summer  Session  of  the  Coal  Min- 
ing Institute    of  America 


Special  Correspondence 

The  summer  meeting  of  the  Coal  Min- 
ing Institute  of  America  was  held  in  Un- 
iontown,  Penn.,  June  28-29.  In  addition 
to  the  reading  of  many  interesting  papers 
the  visiting  members  were  taken  on  an 
inspection  tour  over  the  works  and  mines 
0.''  the  Continental  No.  I  plant  of  the  H. 
C.  Frick  Coke  Company.  At  Contin- 
ental, the  visitors   found  the  only  coke- 


forced  open  by  the  motors.  This  feature 
was  criticized  to  some  extent,  bu-t  Mr. 
Fohl  would  not  admit  that  the  mine  equip- 
ment would  be  damaged  by  the  doors. 
The  layout  submitted,  provided  for  motor 
haulage,  assuming  the  field  of  coal  to  lay 
regular  and  the  grade  toward  the  shaft. 
The  plan  is  for  a  two-sided  mine,  with 
workings  on  both  sides.  The  air  current 
is  split  at  the  shaft,  giving  two  indepen- 
dent air  currents  into  the  mine,  cut 
through  to  the  haulage  parts.  The  inlets 
to  the  haulageways  can  be  cut  off  by 
masonry  stoppings.  The  circular  air  shaft 
IS   isolated   from  the  shaft's   bottom,  and 


Powerhouse  Showing  2  D.  C.  Turbo-Generator  300-Kw.,  and  Four  A.  C. 
Turbo-generators  300  Kw.,  at  Superior,  Wyoming 


leveling  machine  in  that  section  in  opera- 
tion. This  machine  levels  the  charge  in 
beehive  ovens  and  is  a  big  labor  saver.  At 
this  plant  the  ovens  are  drawn  by  ma- 
chinery. The  visitors  were  also  interested 
in  the  system  whereby  the  waste  energies 
of  the  coke  oven  are  used  to  generate 
the  power  utilized  in  operating  the  plant. 
After  Mr.  Fitch,  of  the  Elkins  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  in  West  Virginia,  had 
finished  reading  his  paper  on  "The  Sys- 
tematic Handling,  Disbursement  and  Ac- 
counting of  Mine  Supplies."  W.  E.  Fohl 
then  presented  his  idea  of  an  ideal  mine 
layout;  this  was  followed  by  a  paper  on 
"Mining  Towns  and   Mining  Houses."  by 

I  W.  M.  Judd,  of  Pittsburg.  A  most  in- 
teresting and  animated  discussion  fol- 
lowed  the   reading  of  Mr.    Fohl's   paper. 

I  The  layout  designed  by  Mr.  Fohl  is  with 
particular  respect  to  the  distribution  of 
air  and  the  use  of  swinging  doors,  these 

I  latter  not  requiring  an  attendant. 

The  doors  planned  in  the  design  would 
not  interfere  with  the  operation.  Those 
on    the    haulageways    would    simply    be 


located  on  the  outer  side  of  the  work- 
ings arc  the  outlet  air  passages,  used 
only    for   this   purpose. 

Hoisting  Shaft   Is   Elliptical 

The  hoisting  shaft  of  the  proposed 
mine  is  of  elliptical  shape  and  composed 
of  four  compartments,  two  for  hoisting 
the  loads  and  two  for  the  intake  air.  The 
intake  arrangement  is  divided  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  air  shaft,  dividing  into  two 
directions.  Two  intake  air  currents  are 
carried  back  at  the  same  time,  one  on 
each  side  of  the  main  heading.  This  in- 
take air  is  cut  off  by  six  swinging  doors. 
The  air  currents  are  kept  traveling  and 
the  doors  shut  off  the  heavy  currents, 
confining  them  to  one  airway  on  each 
side.  The  heavy  currents  of  air  are  di- 
verted by  these  doors  to  the  two  outside 
headings  and  confined  there.  A  slope  en- 
trance  is   provided    for  the   men. 

The  mine  is  designed  to  keep  the  heavy 
air  currents  off  the  loaded  trips,  and  the 
men  working  in  the  main  heading  near 
the    hoist    shaft.      Mr.    Fohl    claims    that 


his  plan  does  away  with  the  necessity  of 
changing  the  air  currents  with  the  sea- 
sons of  the  year.  Swinging  doors  are 
also  provided  to  give  access  to  the  head- 
ings. 

It  was  generally  agreed  by  those  pres- 
ent that  the  necessity  for  the  doors  would 
be  eliminated  if  the  roof  was  sufficiently 
high  in  the  main  heading  to  enable  the 
air  current  to  pass  above  the  loads  and 
the  men.  The  discussion  was  closed  af- 
ter it  was  finally  decided  that  Mr.  Fohl 
submit  a  cut  of  the  map,  together  with 
a  written  explanation,  to  the  members, 
who  will  be  requested  to  prepare  writ- 
ten criticisms  for  discussion  at  the  win- 
ter meeting. 

Mine    Fires 

Another  paper  that  received  favorable 
comment  was  prepared  and  read  by 
Thomas  K.  Adams,  and  dealt  with  the 
subject  of  mine  fires.  In  concluding  his 
paper,  Mr.  .Adams  said:  "To  deal  suc- 
cessfully with  mine  fires,  the  human 
factor  engaged  counts  for  more  than  any- 
thing else.  The  ideal  man  to  cope  suc- 
cessfully with  mine  fires  must  have  de- 
cision of  character,  good  judgmeiit  and 
general  intelligence,  be  physically  strong 
and  not  afraid  to  use  his  strength.  Cour- 
age, great  tenacity  and  persistency  must 
also  be  present.  When  conditions  have 
been  well  considered  and  methods  of  op- 
eration agreed  upon,  do  not  allow  any- 
thing emanating  from  irresponsible 
parties  to  interfere  in  the  carrying  out 
of  the  proposed  plan." 

Coalfields  of  Illinois 

An  interesting  talk  was  delivered  by 
Prof.  H.  H.  Stock  on  "The  Coalfields  of 
Illinois."  Professor  Stock  dealt  espe- 
cially with  the  commission  form  of  gov- 
ernment that  has  been  applied  in  several 
instances  during  the  past  few  years  in 
Illinois.  One  commission,  known  as  the 
Mining  Investigation  Commission,  was 
appointed  to  revise  the  entire  State  mine 
law  and  report  at  the  next  regular  ses- 
sion of  the  Legislature.  This  commis- 
sion has  already  presented  a  preliminary 
rtport,  and  a  law  requiring  fire-fighting 
appliances  has  been  passed  as  a  result  of 
the  Cherry  disaster.  Another  commission 
has  been  appointed  by  the  Governor  to 
establish  and  oversee  the  work  of  three 
rescue  stations,  to  be  located  in  different 
sections  of  the  State  for  use  in  emer- 
gency. All  mining  examinations  in  the 
State  are  held  by  the  mining  board  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor.  Professor  Stock 
showed  that  Illinois  has  a  number  of 
features  in  connection  with  its  mining 
industry  that  are  distinctive  and  quite 
different  from  other  mining  sections  of 
the  United  States. 

Before  adjourning  the  institute  adopted 
a  resolution  for  presentation  to  President 
Taft,  suggesting  the  appointment  of  Dr. 
J.  A.  Holmes  as  director  of  the  National 
Bureau  of  Mines. 


228 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


WW      ■an     vvvi.     an     i^^^J     "H'"'     mx     XUY.     mx     XUK     XXXK     mX     Xm 


MINING  AND  METALLURGICAL  PATENTS 


^  ^ 


A     CLASSIFIED      LIST      OF 
NEW    INVENTIONS 


'^    ^ 


'^'in     •jii.c    xxxjt     XXXJC 


vYvv     ^>»K    »vv»     iiii    i^vv    »>v^    <^xx    xm    xm    un    xm    nn    nn    mO 


A  copT  of  the  specifications  of  any  of  these 
patents  "issued  bv  the  United  States  Patent 
Office  will  be  mailed  by  The  Enuixeeiuxg 
Avi>  Mining  Jouenal  upon  the  receipt  ot  ■J-> 
cents.  British  patents  are  supplied  at  40 
cents.  In  ordering  specifications,  correspond- 
ents are  requested  to  give  the  number,  name 
of   inventor   and   date   of   issue. 

COAL   A\"D   COKE 

COAL-WASniXG  APPARATUS.  Harvey 
Corv,  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  assignor  to  Pittsburgh 
Coa'l  Washer  Company,  I'ittsburg,  Penn.  (V. 
S.   No.   963,519;  July   5,   1910.) 

COKE — Improvements  in  or  Relating  to 
Apparatus  for  Conveying.  Cooling  and  Dis- 
charging Incandescent  Coke  and  the  Uke. 
Berlin-Anhaltische  Masehinenbau-Actien  Oe- 
sellschaft,  Berlin,  Germany.  (Brit.  >o.- 
18.908  of  1909.) 

COKE — 'Improvements  in  or  Relating  to 
Coke  Ovens.  Frederick  W.  C.  Scbniewind, 
Kew  York.      (Brit.  Xo.  10,484  of  1909.) 

COKE — Improvements  in  Spreaders  for 
Cote  Ovens.  Brown  Hoisting  Machinery  Co. 
Cleveland,  Ohio.      (Brit.  No.  ■2i,-Mj2  ot  1909.) 

COKE  OVEN.  William  H.  Blauvelt,  Syra- 
cuse    N.    Y.       (U.    S.    No.    963,GS1  ;    July    a, 

COKE-OVEN  DOOR.  Frederick  D.  BuCFuin. 
Howard  N.  Eavenson,  and  Edward  OToole 
Gary,  W.  Va.,  assignors  to  United  States  Coal 
and  Coke  Co..  Pittsburg,  Penn.  (U.  h.  No. 
962,123;    June   21,    1910.) 

CRUSHING — Improvements  in  or  Con- 
nected with  Breakers  of  the  Roller  Type  for 
Breaking  Coal.  Coke  and  Other  Materials. 
Oswald  Hooker  Ingham.  South  bhields,  Eng. 
(Brit.    No.    12,087    of    1909.) 

MINING  MACHINE — Coal-Mining  Machine. 
Lotte  Kovatch,  Oliveburg,  Penn.  (I.  fe.  No. 
960,598 ;   June   7,   1910.) 

PEiT — Diving  Apparatus.  William  H. 
Bradley.  Chicago,  III.  (U.  S.  No.  962,118: 
June   21,    1910.) 

SAFETY  LAMPS — Improvements  in  Safety 
Lamps  for  Indicating  Fire  Damp.  Ralph  1>. 
Cochrane  Hetton-le-Hole.  Durham,  England. 
(Brit.    No.    19,985    of    1909.) 

SEPARATOR — Centrifugal  Coal  Separator. 
Nelson  Mowery.  Wilkes-Barre,  Penn.  (U.  b. 
No.    964,444:    July    12,    1910.) 

COPPER 

M  VTTE  TItEATMENT — Wet  Treatment  of 
Mattes.  .lames  Taylor  Carrick.  Johannesburg. 
Transvaal,  assignor  of  one-half  to  Stuart  Pat- 
tison,  Johannesburg,  Transvaal.  (U.  S.  No. 
961,9.'!4:    June    21,    1910.) 

PYRITIC  SMELTING — Method  of  Making 
Sulphuric  Acid  from  Smeltery  Gases.  J. 
Parke  Chauuing  and  F.  J.  i'aliliug.  New  \orK. 
(U.   S.   No.   902. 49;: :   Juno   2S.    1910.) 

PYRITIC  SMIOLTING — Method  of  Smelt- 
inL'  Pvrillc  Ores.  J.  Parke  Channing  and 
F  J  Fabling.  New  York.  (U.  S.  No.  963,- 
020:    June    2K,    1910.) 

GOLD    AXn    SILVER 

AMALGAMATING  MACHINE.  John  S. 
Ravi)urn.  (irand  Junction.  Colo.  (V.  S.  No. 
962.4611:    June    28,    1910.) 

\MALGAMATINf!  RIFFLE.  Ezra  S.  Iloyt. 
San  Luis  Obisiio,  Cal..  nsslgnor  to  Black  Sand 
Mining  Co..  Los  Angeles.  Cal.  (U.  S.  No. 
9G.%003:    June    28,    1910.) 

AMALGAM.\TOR.  Alice  J.  Smith  and 
Ilenrv  W.  Kent.  Milwaukee.  Wis.,  assignors 
to  Kent  Ore  Reduction  Co..  Chicago,  111. 
(U.    S.    No.    9(n.90.-, :    June   21,    1910.) 

FILTERS — Iinprf)Vements  In  I-'llters  for 
Metallurgical  and  Other  Uses.  Harold  Bln- 
ney  Virginia  City,  Nov.  (Brit.  No.  28.IV25 
of '1909.) 

ORE  TRE.\TMENT — Process  of  Treating 
Precious  Melal-Bearlng  Materials  containing 
Sulphides.  Paul  W.  Avery  and  Eugene  C. 
Knowles,  Deadwood.  S.  I).  (U.  S.  No.  963,- 
111  :   July   5.   1910.) 

I'L\CER  JIINING — Means  for  Extracting 
Gold  from  River  Beds.  John  H.  Batten. 
Jamestown,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No.  062,612;  June 
28,   1910.) 


KEFININCt — Process  of  Refining  Gold. 
Heinrich  Wohlwill,  Hamburg.  Germany,  as- 
signor to  the  firm  of  Norddeutsche  Afflnerie, 
Hamburg,  Germany.  (U.  S.  No.  961,924 : 
June  21,   1910.) 

IRON   AND   STEEL 

MANUFACTURE  —  An  Improved  Process 
for  the  Production  ot  Iron,  or  Steel,  direct 
from  Iron  Ore.  William  A.  Hargreaves,  \\  ood- 
ville.    So.   Aust.      (Brit.   No.    18.349   of   1909.) 

ORE  TREATMENT — Apparatus  and  Pro- 
cess for  Preparing  Pulverous  Iron  Ores  and 
the  Like  for  Smelting  in  Blast  Furnaces  and 
Use  in  Open-Hearth  Furnaces.  Sidney  Cor- 
nell. Duciuesue.  I'enn.  (U.  S.  No.  962,006; 
June   21,    1910.) 

SLAG — Process  and  Apparatus  for  JIaking 
Slag  Shingles.  Hyleman  Alison  Webster.  Co- 
lumbia, Tenn.,  assignor  of  one-fourth  to 
\rchelaus  M.  Hughes,  Columbia.  Tenn..  one- 
fourth  to  John  W.  Conner,  Knoxville.  Tenn.. 
and  one-fourth  to  Ernest  W.  Bradford.  Wash- 
ington. D.  C.  (U.  S.  No.  904,348:  July  12. 
1910.)    . 

SI  \G  CEMENT — An  Improved  Process  of 
Jlanufacturing  Cement  from  Blast-Furnace 
Sla".  Wilhelm  Lessing.  Rheinland,  Ger- 
many.     (Brit.   No.  3016  of   1910.) 

LEAD,  ZI>C  AND   OTHER  METALS 

ALUMINUM  —  Reduction  of  Refractory 
Compounds.  Frank  J.  Tone.  Niagara  Falls, 
N.  Y.      (U.  S.  No.  961,913:  June  21,  1910.1 

B\UXITE — Process  of  Purifying  Alumin- 
ous Materials.  Lewis  E.  Saunders.  Niagara 
Falls  N.  Y.,  assignor  to  Norton  Co.,  W  or- 
eester,  Mass.  (U..  S.  No.  960,712;  June  7, 
1910.) 

NICKEL — Improved  Process  for  the  Man- 
ufacture of  Pure  Nickel.  La  Society  Electro- 
Metallurginue  Francaise  of  Frages,  Isere. 
France.      (Brit.    No.    287   of   1910.) 

TIN — Improvements  Relating  to  the  TMs- 
solving  of  Impure  Tin  or  Tin  Alloys  Chiefly 
for  Obtaining  Tin  or  Tin  Compounds.  Guy 
de  Pechi.  Essex,  and  Frederick  C.  Blythe. 
Church,    Eng.       (Brit.    No.    16,053    of    1909.) 

7INC — Apparatus  for  Smelting  Ores  Y'ield- 
ing  a  Volatile  Metal.  Woolsey  McA.  Johnson. 
Hartford.  Conn.,  assignor  to  Continuous  Zinc 
Furnace  Co..  Hartford,  Conn.  (U.  b.  No. 
964,268:    July    12,    1910.) 

ZINC — Extraction  of  Zinc.  Charles  Skin- 
ner Brand,  Troon.  Scotland,  assignor  to 
Brands  Pure  Spelter  Co..  Ltd.,  Glasgow.  Scot- 
land.      (U.    S.    No.    963.416;    July    5,    1910.) 

ZINC — Process  for  Treating  Zinkiferous 
Substances.  Guido  Mojana.  Milan.  Italy. 
(U.   S.  No.  961,514;  June  14.  1910.) 

MINIXG— GENERAL 

P.l.ASTlNt; — Improved  Means  for  Propa- 
gating the  Ignition  or  Detonation  of  Explo- 
sive Charges  for  Mining  and  Other  Purposes. 
Soci'''ti''  Auonvme  d'Explosife  et  de  Prodults 
Chimiiiues,   Paris.      (Brit.   No.   8337   of    1910.1 

CAtiES — Improvements  in  and  Relating  to 
Pit  Cages  in  Mines.  William  .lones  and  Wil- 
liam T.  Williams,  Tredegar,  Eng.  (Brit.  No. 
19.729    ot    1!ii)9.) 

DRILLS — Improvements  in  Hammer  Drills. 
Ingcrsoll  Rand  Co..  New  York.  (Brit.  No. 
12.893    of    1!)09.) 

EXPLOSIONS. —  Improved  JI  e  a  n  s  for 
Quenibiug  and  Arresting  Explosions  4n  "Mines. 
Ralidi  D.  Cochrane.  Hctton-le-Hole,  Eng. 
(Brit.    No.    14.865    of    1909.) 

MINE-CAR  WHEEL.  Thomas  Donohoe. 
Avella,  Penn.  (U.  S.  No.  960.852:  June  7, 
1910.1 

:^nNING  CAR.  James  Blair.  St.  Benedict. 
Penn.      (U.    S.    No.   959.294:    May    24.    191". i 

MINE-DOOR  OPERATING  DEVICE.  Fred- 
erick C.  Todd.  Phlllpsburg,  Penn.  (U.  S.  No. 
963.261):    July    5.     1910.) 

PROPS — Improvements  In  or  Relating  to 
Mine  Pi-ops  and  Joists  for  Shoring.  Wilbehn 
Binder.  AHenessen,  Germany.  (Brit.  No. 
:i(i:'.(;  of  1910.) 

TUNNEL  SUPPORT.  Christopher  Colum- 
bus FInlavsoii  and  James  Nathan  Cain.  BIs- 
hee.  Ariz.     (U.  S.  No.  963.536:  July  5,1910.) 

VENTILATING      APrARATrS.        William 


Clifford.  Jeannette,  Penn.   (U.  S.  Nos.  963,277, 
and   963,278:   July    5,    1910.) 

ORE   DRESSING— GENERAL 

CONCENTRATION  —  Ore  Concentration. 
Henry  Livingstone  Sulman.  Henry  Howard 
Greeiiwav.  arid  Arthur  Howard  lllggins.  Lon- 
don. England.  (U.  S.  No.  902,678;  June  28, 
1910.) 

CONCENTRATION — Riffle  for  Concentrat- 
ing Tables.  Albert  M.  Kemp  and  Merton  W. 
Loomis,  Denver.  Colo.,  and  Joseph  E.  Fitz- 
water,  Rossville,  III.  (U.  S.  No.  963,582; 
July    5,    1910.) 

CONCENTRATOR — Ore  Concentrator.  Lu- 
cien  I.  Blake.  Boston.  Mass.  (U.  S.  No.  964,- 
083;    July    12,    1910.) 

CONCENTRATOR — Ore  Concentrator.  Seth 
R.  Swain.  Denver,  Colo.,  assignor  to  Swain 
Concentrator  Co.  (U.  S.  No.  962,990;  June 
28,    1910.) 

CRUSHING — ■Aa  Improvement  in  or  Ap- 
plicable to  Apparatus  in  which  Wet  Crushing 
is  Employed  for  Extracting  Metals  from  Ores. 
James  E.  Ilorsfleid.  Gadzema.  Rhodesia. 
(Brit.    No.    11,406    of    190!i.) 

CRUSHING — Reduction  Machine.  John  E. 
Blake.  Pittsburg.  Penn..  assignor  to  Blake 
Crusher  and  Pulverizer  Company.  Pittsburg, 
Penn.      (U.   S.  Xo.  963,353:   July   5.   1910.) 

CRUSHING — Roller  Crushing  .Mill.  Peter 
Edwin  Van  Saun.  New  York.  N.  Y.  (U.  S. 
No.    964,070:    July    12.    1910.1 

DRY -ORE  SEPARATING  MACHINES. 
William  W.  Bonson  and  Willson  L.  McLaugh- 
lin. Dubuque,  Iowa.  (Brit.  No.  18.444  of 
1909.) 

ORE  CLASSIFIER.  Frank  G.  Janney.  Salt 
Lake  City.  Utah.  (U.  S.  No.  964,261 :  July 
12,    1910.) 

ORE-GRINDING  MACHINE.  Charles  R. 
Hotchkiss,  Oakland,  Cal.,  assignor  of  one-half 
to  George  S.  Montgomery.  Oakland,  Cal. 
(U.  S.  No.  964,024;   July  12,  1910.) 

ORE-SIZINC;  .\PPARATUS.  Charles  Pierce 
Watterson,  McGill,  Nev..  assignor  of  one- 
fourth  to  Horace  R.  Graham.  MctJill.  Nev. 
(U.    S.    No.    963,488:    July    5.    1910.  i 

SCREEN — Vibrating  Screen  or  Separator. 
Thomas  Leggett  Sturtevant.  Quincy.  and 
Thomas  Joseph  Sturtevant.  Wellesley.  Mass.. 
assignors  to  Sturtevant  Mill  Co.  (U.  S.  No. 
961,467  :   June    14,    1910.) 

SEPARATION — Improved  Process  for  the 
Separation  of  Complex  Ores.  William  Mor- 
lev  Martin.  Redruth.  Cornwall.  Eng.  (Brit. 
Nbs.   4531.    18.176   and   18.178    of    1909.) 

SI.IME  TRE.\TMENT — .\pparatus  for  the 
Treatment  of  Metal-Bearing  Slimes.  Clyde 
fl.  .lav.  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah.  (U.  S.  No. 
963,71(1 :   July   5,   1910.) 

METALLl  RGV— GEXER.VL 

AGGLOMERATING — Method  of  and  Ap- 
paratus for  Agglomerating  Fine  Ores.  .Metal- 
liferous Residues  and  the  Like.  Carl  Dell- 
wik.  London,  Eng.  (Brit.  No.  13,073  of 
1909. ) 

ELECTRIC  FURNACES  —  Improvements 
Relating  to  Electric  Furnaces.  .Tohannes 
Harden.  London.  England.  (Brit.  Nos.  26.251 
and    26.266    of    1909.) 

ELECTRIC  SMELTING — Method  of  Re- 
ducing Refractory  Material,  .lohn  W.  Ihans, 
Belleville,  Out.  (U.  S.  No.  960.863:  June  i, 
1910. 1 

ORE  TRE.\TMENT — Apparatus  for  Elec- 
trical Treatment  of  Ores.  William  B.  Mc- 
pherson. Los  .\ngeles.  Cal..  assignor  of  one- 
half  to  Gail  Borden.  Los  .\ngeles.  Cal.  (U.  8. 
No.    962.040:    June    21.    1910.) 

REGENERATIVE  REVERBERATI  >RY  FUR- 
NACE. Frederick  A.  Leas.  Oakland.  Cal. 
(U.   S.    No.   962.644:    June    28.    1910.1 

REVERBERATORV  FURNACES— Feedlni! 
Device  for  Reverberatory  Furnaces.  Samuel 
Richard  Garr.  Garfield.  UtaH.  (U.  S.  No. 
961.768:  June  21.   1910.) 

TUYERE  RECEIVER  for  Smelting  Fur- 
ntioes.  John  O.  r.ardlll,  llerculiiueum.  Mo. 
(U.   S.    No.    962,112:    June    21.    1910.) 

W.\TER  JACKirrS— ^Stay  or  Suppcu-t  for 
Water  Jackets.  Samuel  W.  n>avbu-.  .VUcn- 
towu.  Penn..  assignor  to  M.  P.  Scliantz, 
trustee  for  the  Travlor  Engineering  Co.  (V.  S. 
No.  960,737:   June  7,   1910.) 


July  30.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


229 


i      PERS  O  NAL      1 


.Mining  ami  nu'ialliiiuiral  Hiiiilni'i'is  arc  in- 
vited to  kii'p  Tilt;  Kmmskkkinc:  .\xii  .Mi.sinc; 
.Iniiix.Ki.  iiHiiinicil  (if  Ilieir  movi'ments  and 
apiwlntment.-i. 


C.  F.  Parker,  who  is  operating  in  Du- 
rango,    Me.xico,    is    in    New    York. 

S.  J.  Lewis  is  now  with  the  Cinco 
MInas  Company,  in  Jalisco,  Mexico. 

Isaiah  Nichol,  of  St.  Clairsville,  O., 
has  been  appointed  receiver  of  the  Gor- 
rell  Coal  Company. 

W.  Randolph  Van  Liew  has  been  ap- 
pointed general  manager  of  the  Caucasus 
Copper  Company,  at  Dzansoul.  Russia. 

H.  B.  Price  is  now  mill  superintendent 
and  Robert  Gordon  is  mine  superintend- 
ent of  the  Montezuma  mines  of  Costa 
Rica. 

W.  G.  Mather,  president  of  the  Cleve- 
land-Clifts  Iron  Company,  has  returned 
from  an  extended  trip  through  Europe 
and  Egypt. 

N.  O.  S.  Ford  is  making  an  examination 
of  the  Taviche  camp,  Oaxaca,  Mexico, 
for  Baltimore  interests,  planning  a  cus- 
tom mill  for  the  camp. 

The  British  Royal  Society  of  Arts  has 
awarded  its  Albert  medal  for  1910  to 
Madame  Curie,  of  Paris,  for  her  share 
in  the  discovery  of  radium. 

S.  E.  Bretherton  has  returned  to  San 
Francisco  from  Shasta  county,  Cal.,  where 
he  is  having  work  resumed  in  the  mines 
of  the  Afterthought  Copper  Company. 

Dr.  E.  R.  Buckley  made  an  address  to 
the  members  of  the  Ore  Producers'  Asso- 
:iation  and  the  Commercial  Club,  at  Jop- 
lin,  Mo.,  July  14,  a  large  number  attend- 
ing. 

F.  W.  Draper  has  returned  from  a  two 
.ears'  engagement  in  the  Ural  mountains, 
??ussia,  and  is  now  connected  with  the 
\rizona  Smelting  Company,  at  Humboldt, 
\rizona. 

D.  H.  Ncwland,  assistant  State  geolo- 
!ist  of  New  York,  sailud  from  New  York 
fuly  21,  on  his  way  to  attend  the  Inter- 
lational  Geological  Congress,  at  Stock- 
iQlm,  Sweden. 

Sydney  H.  Ball,  directing  geologist  for 
he  Societe  Internationale  Forcstiere  et 
■liniere  du  Congo,  will  leave  New  York 
bout  .Aug.  (5,  to  make  some  mine  exam- 
nations   in   Siberia. 

Ezequiel    Ordonez,    geologist    for    the 

tea!    del    Monte    Company,    in    Mexico, 

as  in  New  York  this  week,  on  his  way 

1  attend  the  International   Congress,  at 

jtockholm,  Sweden. 

Stanley  C.  Sears  has  been  appointed 
leneral  manager  of  the  Mexican  Consoli- 
lated  mines,  in  the  Guanaeevi  district, 
I'urango,  Mexico.  He  was  recently  at 
lie  Velardena  mines. 
j  J.  C.  McDonald  has  resigned  his  posi- 
|on  as  general  passenger  agent  of  the 
(ationa!  Railways  of  Mexico,  to  become 


assistant-general  manager  of  the  Waters- 
Pierce  Oil  Company. 

F.  C.  Brown  has  resigned  his  position 
as  general  manager  of  the  Waihi  Grand 
Junction  and  Komata  Reefs  mines,  in 
New  Zealand.  He  is  at  present  making 
his   headquarters  at   Boise,   Idaho. 

C.  K.  Hitchcock,  Jr.,  of  Houghton, 
Mich.,  formerly  with  the  Quincy  and 
more  recently  with  the  Adventure  Cop- 
per Company,  has  been  appointed  man- 
ager of  the  Lake  Copper  Company. 

Joseph  W.  Heffer,  who  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  Republic  Iron  Works, 
Pittsburg,  for  20  years,  went  South  July 
20  to  take  charge  of  the  office  of  the 
Shelby   Iron  Company,  Shelby,  Alabama. 

John  Pender,  of  John  Pender  &  Co., 
Brunswick,  Victoria,  Australia,  is  making 
a  tour  of  the  United  States,  visiting  roll- 
ing mills  and  other  industries  in  which 
he  is  interested.  Mr.  Pender's  firm  is  the 
largest  iron  manufacturer  in  Australia. 

Prof.  John  Jermain  Porter,  metallur- 
gical engineer.  University  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  announces  that  he  will  undertake 
investigations  in  cast  iron  and  in  efficien- 
cy of  raw  materials,  plants  and  opera- 
tion, particularly  in  foundry  and  blast 
furnace  plants. 

Carl  F.  Dietz,  of  the  firm  of  Dietz  & 
Keedy.  Boston,  sailed  for  Europe  on  pro- 
fessional business  last  week;  he  will  at- 
tend the  joint  meeting  of  the  Mechani- 
cal Engineers,  at  Birmingham  and  Lon- 
don; thereafter  going  to  Paris  and  Berlin 
on  business   for  his  firm. 

Courtenay  De  Kalb  has  resigned  his 
position  as  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Min- 
ing and  Scientific  Press,  of  San  Francis- 
co, to  become  general  manager  of  the 
Pacific  Smelting  and  Mining  Company,  of 
Sonora.  Mexico.  His  successor  on  the 
Press  will  be  Thomas  T.  Read,  now  of 
the  Imperial  Pei-Yang  University,  at 
Tientsin.  China;  but  Mr.  Read  will  not 
come  to  San  Francisco  for  some  months 
yet. 


+     O  B ITUARY 


I 


Joseph  R.  Stauffer  died  at  Scottdale. 
Penn.,  July  14.  aged  74  years.  He  was 
president  of  the  Meycrsdale  Coal  Com- 
pany and  was  interested  in  other  coal 
operations. 

Capt.  F.  P.  Mills  died  at  Cedar  Edge, 
Colo.,  recently.  He  was  well  known  in 
the  Lake  Superior  iron  country,  having 
been  for  many  years  in  charge  of  the 
Cleveland   mine,  near  Ishpeming. 

Charles  P.  Holt,  of  Santa  Ana,  Cal., 
died  about  July  20,  at  Cisneros,  Colom- 
bia, aged  75  years.  He  was  on  an  ex- 
ploring and  prospecting  trip  up  the  Mag- 
dalena  river  at  the  time.  He  had  been 
for  over  30  years  encaged  in  mining  md 
prospecting  in  Arizona  and  Nevada,  and 
was  an  early  prospector  in  Alaska  also. 
He  was  one  of  the  locators  of  the  Jumbo 


and  Red  Top  mines  at  Goldfield,  but  later 
sold  out  his  interests  and  went  to  live 
at  Santa  Ana.  A  retired  life  wearied 
him,  however,  and  he  started  for  Colom- 
bia a   few  months  ago. 

John  SutcliPfe  died  at  Bellevue,  Penn., 
July  23.  aged  73  years.  He  was  born 
in  England,  but  came  to  this  country 
when  a  young  man  and  for  many  years 
made  his  home  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y., 
practising  as  a  civil  and  mining  engineer. 
He  built  the  Phillipse  Iron  Works  at 
Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.,  and  the  Hudson 
River  Iron  Works,  at  Poughkeepsie.  For 
10  years,  about  1875-1885,  he  was  man- 
aged for  the  Vallecille  Silver  Mining 
Company  in  Mexico.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Canadian  Mining  Institute,  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
and  of  the  Engineers'  Club  of  New 
York. 


^  SOClETIESam/TECHNlCAL  SCHOOLS  A 


University  of  Arizona — A  valuable  col- 
lection of  minerals,  chiefly  from  South 
Africa,  has  been  presented  to  the  Geo- 
logical Department  at  Tucson  by  J.  Bra- 
zil, who  recently  returned  from  that 
country. 

British  Society  of  Mining  Students — 
At  the  annual  meeting,  held  June  21,  it 
was  decided  to  wind  up  the  affairs  of  this 
society  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year.  Ac- 
cordingly, the  society  ceased  to  exist  on 
June  30,  last. 

Alabama  Coal  Operators'  Association 
— The  annual  meeting  of  the  coal-mine 
officials  under  the  auspices  of  this  asso-- 
elation  was  to  be  held  at  East  Lake 
Park,  near  Birmingham,  Ala.,  July  30. 
On  the  program  are  the  following 
papers: 

1.  "Mine  Rescue  Work."  by  J.  J.  Rut- 
ledgs.     United   States   Geological   Survey. 

2.  'Use  of  Electricity  in  Woodward 
Iron  Company's  Mines,"  by  W.  W. 
Bush,  general  superintendent  of  the 
company. 

3.  "Safety  in  Coal  Mines,"  by  Ed- 
ward H.  Coxc,  general  superintendent, 
coal  mines  and  coke  ovens,  Tennessee 
Coal,   Iron  and   Railroad  Company. 

4.  "Precautions  in  Use  at  Mulga 
Mines  before  and  after  .April  20,"  by 
Milton  H.  Fies,  general  superintendent 
of  coal  mines,  Birmingham  Coal  and 
Iron  Company. 

5.  "Mine  Gases."  by  J.  W.  Groves, 
lecturer   for  Tennessee   Company. 

6.  "Mine  Inspection  and  Ventilation." 
by  Edward  Flynn,  inspector  of  coal  mines 
for  Tennessee  company. 

7.  "The  Use  of  Sprays  at  Banner 
Mine,"  by  Erskine  Ramsey,  chief  engin- 
eer Pratt  Consolidated  Coal  Company. 

8.  Address,  by  James  Hillhouse,  chief 
State   mine   inspector. 

In  addition  there  will  be  a  general  dis- 
cussion of  the  topics  presented  by  the 
mine  superintendents  and  foremen  who 
are  at  the  meeting. 


230 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      ]V[ar».>^     Important 

-^     Mining     Centers    of"     tKe  'World       -^ 


San  Francisco 

]uly  24 — It  is  reported  that  the  local 
coal  trust  of  California,  the  Western 
Fuel  Company,  owning  35,000  acres  of 
coal  at  Nanaimo  and  other  points  on 
Vancouver  island,  has  been  sold  to  a 
British  syndicate  for  33,250.000.  About 
eight  years  ago  the  Western  Fuel  Com- 
pany took  over  the  holdings  of  John 
Rosenfeld  &  Sons,  of  San  Francisco,  at 
Nanaimo,  and  other  interests,  and  after 
a  prosperous  operation  of  these  coal 
mines  turned  over  the  lands  and  mines, 
with  valuable  timber  rights,  at  a  profit 
of  about  52,000,000. 

It  has  been  the  policy  of  the  office  of 
the  supervising  architect  of  the  Treas- 
ury department  to  import  marble  and 
other  stone  in  constructing  public  build- 
ings in  California.  As  this  State  abounds 
in  fine  building  stone  (marble,  granite 
and  sandstone  I  as  well  as  fancy  stones, 
such  as  Mexican  onyx,  the  State  Mineral- 
ogist is  taking  up  the  matter,  and  hopes 
with  the  help  of  the  California  congres- 
sional delegation,  to  have  California 
stone  used  on  the  Federal  buildings  here 
in  the  future,  especially  as  these  building 
materials  can  be  supplied  from  a  local 
source  cheaper  than  the  imported. 

A  magnesite  deposit  of  considerable 
extent  and  of  high  grade,  is  reported  to 
have  been  discovered  near  Portola,  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Western  Pacific  railroad,  in 
Plumas  county.  It  is  planned  to  niake 
magnesia  brick  at  this  place. 


Denver 

]uly  25 — The  Portland  Gold  Mining 
Company's  new  300-ton  mill,  erected  at 
the  mine  near  Victor,  at  a  cost  of  S250,- 
000,  has  sent  out  its  first  bullion  valued 
at  about  S9000,  and  held  a  formal  open- 
ing June  19,  at  which  all  the  mine  man- 
agers of  Cripple  Creek,  bank  presidents, 
railway  heads,  and  metallurgists  fro.n 
other  parts  of  the  State  were  present. 
The  process  of  reduction  at  the  Portland 
mill  is  described  as  cyaniding,  together 
with  what  is  called  a  secret  process, 
owned  by  the  company.  The  mine  is 
producing  550  tons  per  diem,  300  tons  of 
which  is  treated  at  this  mill,  and  not  the 
dump  ore,  as  has  been  stated.  The  presi- 
dent informed  the  visitors  that  the  mill 
was  running  at  a  profit,  and  the  per- 
centage of  saving  higher  than  was  ex- 
pected, but  no  official  statement  was 
made  of  the  grade  of  ore  being  milled,  or 
the  cost  of  treatment.  The  capitalization 
of  this  company  is  S3,000,0n0,  and  the 
dividends  paid  to  date  amount  to  $9,037,- 
080. 


Twenty-five  miles  from  Georgetown,  on 
Bard  creek,  is  the  new  camp  of  Beshear, 
which  is  attracting  number  of  prospectors, 
owing  to  the  discovery  of  sylvanite  ore 
carrying  high  gold  values,  and  said  to  be 
identical  with  that  mined  at  Cripple 
Creek,  which,  of  course,  adds  to  the  ex- 
citement. Free  gold,  or  as  it  is  locally 
termed,  "rusty  gold,"  the  result  of  oxi- 
dation of  the  tellurium,  is  also  found, 
and  it  is  stated  that  upward  of  500  loca- 
tions have  been  made  in  the  past  10  days. 
Most  of  the  claims  are  at  timber  line,  and 
there  are  said  to  be  already  200  pros- 
pectors in  there. 

In  the  Silverton  district,  the  Iowa- 
Tiger,  a  silver-lead  mine,  an  extension  of 
the  Silver  Lake  vein,  is  to  the  fore  with 
a  strike  of  gold  ore,  one  of  the  surprises 
for  which  the  San  Juan  region  is  now  be- 
coming famous.  It  was  discovered  in  the 
same  way  that  has  so  often  happened  in 
this  State,  where  the  foreman  or  super- 
intendent picks  or  shoots  into  the  "well 
defined  wall"  of  his  lode,  and  finds  it 
carries  ore.  In  this  case  it  is  free  gold, 
and  about  6  in.  in  width. 

The  approaching  connection  of  the  deep 
drainage  tunnel  with  the  El  Paso  work- 
ings, and  the  expected  unwatering  of 
most  of  the  deep  mines  of  Cripple  Creek, 
is  stimulating  new  operations  in  a  large 
degree.  One  instance  of  this  is  the  Moon- 
Anchor,  on  Gold  hill,  which  has  pro- 
duced $1,500,000  in  the  past,  and  struck 
water  at  960  ft.  Work  is  to  be  resumed 
on  company  account  about  Aug.   1. 

On  representations  by  the  Ouray  and 
the  Silverton  commercial  clubs  that 
these  camps  have  an  immense  tonnage  of 
low-grade  ore  that  would  be  shipped  if 
they  could  get  reduced  freight  rates,  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  railroad  investi- 
gated the  matter,  and  as  a  result  the  fol- 
lowing reductions  have  been  made  to  take- 
effect  in  August:  Zinc  ore  froin 
Silverton  to  Buena  Vista,  which  has 
heretofore  had  no  rate  on  this  ore,  is  to 
be  given  a  S5.50  rate,  for  the  benefit  of 
the  new  smeltery.  There  also  will  be  a 
decided  reduction  in  the  rate  on  ore 
from  Silverton  to  both  Salida  and  Buena 
Vista. 

The  smeltery  at  Durango  will  be 
favored  by  a  reduction  in  the  rate  on 
lead  bullion  to  Pueblo,  from  S9,  the  pres- 
ent rate,  to  S7.50.  This  rate  will  carry 
what  is  known  as  $100  bullion.  This  docs 
away  with  the  foolish  talk  that  was  in- 
dulged in  about  the  railroad  being  in 
league  with  the  Smelter  trust  against  the 
Kucnzcl  plant  at  Buena  Vista. 


Butte 

]uly  24 — The  report  of  the  Government  | 
assay  office  at  Helena,  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  shows  an  increase  of 
$192,000  over  the  year  previous.  Total 
receipts  for  the  year  amounted  to  $1,- 
969,605.  The  several  counties  produced 
as  follows:  Beaverhead,  $866;  Broad- 
water, 59882;  Choteau,  5659,591;  Deer 
Lodge,  59366;  Fergus,  $637,948;  Granite, 
$16,871;  Jefferson,  $10,518;  Lewis  & 
Clark,  $112,572;  Lincoln,  $1352;  Madi- 
son, $391,053;  Missoula,  $41,244; 
Meagher,  $782;  Park,  $296;  Powell,  $31,- 
901;  Ravalli,  $5243;  Silver  Bow,  511,475. 

Former  Senator  Clark  has  recently  re- 
turned to  Butte,  where  he  will  remain 
the  rest  of  the  summer.  In  regard  to 
his  plans,  he  states:  "I  shall  devote  my 
attention  in  Butte  to  developing  the  great 
zinc  deposits  of  this  district,  which  ore 
will  be  treated  at  the  concentrator  of  the 
Butte  Reducion  Works,  which  I  shall  con- 
tinue to  operate.  I  am  not  disposing  of 
my  holdings  in  this  State,  and,  in  fact, 
am  increasing  them.  I  shall  engage  in 
active  prospecting  for  zinc  in  other  prop- 
erties I  own  in  Butte,  having  demon- 
strated to  my  satisfaction  that  the  pro- 
duction of  zinc  is  a  success.  If  I  could 
make  a  favorable  arrangement  with  the 
stockholders  of  the  Butte  &  Superior 
company,  I  would  finance  and  operate 
that  property  as  well  as  my  own." 


Salt  Lake  City 

]u\y  24— The  Utah  Consolidated  has 
reduced  its  working  force,  awaiting  the 
time  when  the  International  company  wil 
be  ready  to  receive  the  tonnage  contractec 
for.  The  old  smelting  contract  with  tht 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com 
pany  has  been  completed.  The  last  ort 
was  delivered  under  this  contract  July  10 
If  is  estimated  that  when  the  company  i; 
shipping  at  the  rate  of  1000  tons  of  on 
daily,  the  annual  production  will  be  abou 
13,000,000  lb.  of  copper,  which  with  thi 
marked  saving  in  transportation  charge; 
and  dividends  from  the  Internationa 
Smelting  company  will  provide  the  usua 
earning  of  $2  per  share  per  annum.  Whil 
1000  tons  is  generally  mentioned  as  th 
tonnage  to  be  delivered,  the  Internationii 
contract  calls  for  the  output  of  the  min 
up  to  maximum  of  1200  tons  of  ore  pc 
day.  The  capacity  of  the  tram  is  100 
tons   for   10  hours. 

The  incline  from  the  ninth  level,  whic 
is  being  driven  for  prospecting,  ha 
reached  the  tenth  level,  a  station  ha 
been  cut  and   drifting  started.     The  in 


July  30,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


231 


Cline  shows  no  evidence  of  disturbance 
or  faulting,  so  that  the  new  orebody  de- 
veloped on  the  ninth  level  has  good 
chances  for  extending  to  this  depth.  Sev- 
eral hundred  feet  of  drifting  will  be  ne- 
cessary from  the  tenth  level  station  to 
reach  the  place  where  ore  may  be  looked 
for.  Everything  has  been  put  in  shape 
for  producing  1000  tons  per  day,  and  this 
can  easily  be  done  with  the  mine  in  its 
present  condition.  The  vertical  shaft  from 
No.  7  level  will  be  used  for  hoisting 
ore,  which  will  be  stored  in  bins  at  the 
loading  station  of  the  tramway  at  the 
mouth  of  No.  7  tunnel.  These  bins  have 
a  capacity  of  1200  tons.  The  shaft  is  at 
the  ninth  level  and  will  be  continued  to 
the  tenth,  and  connections  made  with  the 
workings  from  the  incline. 

The  tramway  has  been  given  a  number 
of  tryouts  by  the  makers  and  while  some 
difficulties  were  e.vperienced  at  first  in 
getting  the  loaded  buckets  over  the  top 
of  the  range  and  in  the  working  of  au- 
tomatic grips  at  one  of  the  tension  sta- 
tions, this  has  been  largely  overcome  and 
when  a  few  other  rough  edges  are 
worked  off,  the  line  will  be  turned  over  to 
the  Utah  Consolidated  as  completed.  Be- 
fore the  smeltery  is  blown  in,  15,000  tons 
of  ore  will  be  delivered;  of  this,  several 
thousand  tons  have  been  sent  over. 

The  Pittsburg  &  Salt  Lake  Oil  Com- 
pany, developing  at  Spring  Valley,  Wyo., 
let  two  contracts,  July  16,  for  the  drill- 
ing or  32  and  9  wells  respectively.  Work 
on  these  wells  will  be  started  soon.  The 
company  has  five  producing  wells  at 
present  and  is  extending  its  pipe  line 
to  the  stock  tanks  of  the  Standard  Re- 
serve Oil  Company,  on  whose  territory 
a  month  ago  a  gusher  was  brought  in. 
The  new  wells  will  cover  300  acres. 

Circulars  have  been  sent  out  by  the 
traffic  department  of  the  Western  Pacific 
railroad,  which  runs  south  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  through  Tooele  county  into 
Nevada,  stating  that  preparations  are  be- 
ing made  to  begin  passenger  service  on 
the  new  road  during  the  latter  part  of 
August.  Modern  steel  coaches,  dining 
cars  and  sleepers  will  be  installed  and 
the  schedule  for  passenger  trains  will  be 
published  shortly.  The  Western  Pacific 
will  use  the  new  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
depot  jointly  with  the  latter  road. 


Goldfield 
Jtilv  24 — The  Supreme  Court  of  Nevada 
has  handed  down  an  opinion  defining  the 
law  in  the  matter  of  stamping  stock  cer- 
tificates to  distinguish  between  "treas- 
ury" and  "promotion"  stock  of  mining 
companies.  The  so  called  "wildcat"  min- 
ing law  passed  by  the  last  legislature 
provided  for  certain  regulations  in  this 
connection  to  become  effective  April  KS, 
1909.  Suit  was  brought  to  determine 
whether  stock  issued  before  this  date, 
but  presented  for  transfer  after  the  law 
became     effective,     should     be     marked 


"treasury,"  or  "promotion,"  upon  reis- 
sue. While  the  necessity  for  stamping 
the  reissued  certificates  under  these  con- 
ditions is  denied,  the  opinion  sets  forth 
that  stock  issued  subsequently  to  the 
date  of  enforcement,  will  be  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  the  act  and  must  be 
stamped  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
stock. 

The  act  was  passed  for  the  purpose  of 
protecting  investors  by  informing  them  of 
the  exact  nature  of  the  stock  which  they 
were  purchasing.  "Treasury"  stock  is 
construed  to  mean  stock  actually  set 
aside  for  the  development  of  the  prop- 
erty as  distinguished  from  "promotion" 
stock  issued  to  promoters,  attorneys,  en- 
gineers, etc.,  for  services  rendered,  or  to 
the  original  owners  of  the  property. 
While  the  latter  stock  may  be  legiti- 
mately earned  and  issued  it  is  maintained 
that  the  investor  should  be  protected 
from  having  unscrupulous  companies 
dispose  of  promotion  stock  under  the  pre- 
text that  the  proceeds  were  to  be  used 
in   the   actual  development. 


Birmingham,  Ala. 

July  25 — The  Crittenden  Home  Asso- 
ciation has  been  organized  in  Birming- 
ham, the  objects  being  to  establish  a 
home  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  de- 
ceased miners,  iron  and  steel  workers, 
and  to  maintain  a  pension  fund  for  min- 
ers, and  iron  and  steel  workers  who  have 
become  disabled  by  reason  of  age  oi  ac- 
cident. The  home  is  to  be  independent,  it 
is  claimed  by  the  promoters,  of  all  labor 
organizations  and  is  to  be  for  all  of  the 
above  classes  regardless  of  their  affilia- 
tion. It  is  the  intention  of  the  association 
to  ask  employers  and  employees  to  as- 
sist in  establishing  and  maintaining  this 
home,  a  fee  of  SI  per  capita  to  be  asked 
of  the  companies  for  each  of  their  em- 
ployees with  50c.  per  annum  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  institution;  w'hile  the  employ- 
ees are  to  be  asked  to  contribute  $1  per 
capita  for  the  membership  and  SI  per 
annum  for  the  maintenance.  The  trustees 
are  W.  H.  Priegel,  Alfred  Jefferson,  Dr. 
R.  C.  Morcfield.  Judge  M.  H.  Crittenden 
and  Rev.  W.  F.  White.  A  large  tract  of 
land  has  been  secured  on  which  the 
home  will  be  established,  convenient  to 
the  industrial  section  of  Alabama. 

Toronto 

July  24 — John  Arbuthnot,  president  of 
the  Pacific  Coast  Mines  Company,  is  on 
his  way  to  Montreal  to  conclude  a  deal 
with  Sir  Thomas  Shaughnessy,  for  the 
purchase  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way, of  the  extensive  colliery  interests 
at  South  Wellington,  Vancouver  island. 
The  purchase  price  is  understood  to  be 
about  S4,000,000.  W.  H.  Aldridge,  head 
of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Mining  and 
Smelting  department  in  British  Columbia, 
recently  investigated  the  property  and 
reported  fn\'orahlv.  It  is  understood  that 
when   the  Canadian   Pacific   obtains  pos- 


session of  the  mines,  they  will  be  exten- 
sively developed  and  the  output  largely 
increased.  A  shipping  port  in  connection 
with  the  collieries  has  been  established  at 
Boat  Harbor. 

Daniel  D.  Mann,  of  Mackenzie  &  Mann, 
Toronto,  who  on  May  7  obtained  an  opt- 
ion on  the  chemical  process  invented  by 
Doctor  Island  for  refining  ore,  has  is- 
sued writs  against  Doctor  Island  and 
ag.iinst  the  Island  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company,  for  specific  performance,  and 
an  injunction  restraining  them  from  deal- 
ing with  the  patent  rights  or  disclosing, 
using  or  developing  the  processes  or  ma- 
chines covered  by  the  option.  He  also 
asks  a  declaration  that  he  has  an  inter- 
est in  the  inventions  and  patents  relating 
to  the  i.'eatment  of  mineral  ore  as  against 
Doctor  Island.  The  defendants  claim  that 
Mr.  Mann's  option  has  lapsed. 

Mexico 

July  20 — Owing  to  the  sucessful  op- 
erations of  a  few  big  companies  in  Pa- 
chuca,  and  particularly  to  the  Santa  Ger- 
trudis  negotiation,  the  district  for  many 
miles  around  has  been  staked  out  under 
denouncement.  One  or  two  other  nego- 
tiations in  the  district  have  been  carried 
through,  partly  on  the  strength  of  the 
Santa  Gertrudis  negotiation  and  there  is 
a  likelihood  of  considerable  develop- 
ment and  prospecting  exploration  activ- 
ity in  the  district.  It  is  well  known  that 
the  district  is  by  no  means  completely 
explored,  and  the  probabilities  are  that 
the  renewed  activity  will  result  in  the  de- 
velopment of  important  and  new  exten- 
sions of  the  old  orebodies  or  of  new 
veins    in    this   extensive    camp. 

In  general  there  is  a  considerable  in- 
crease in  activity  in  mining  throughout 
the  Republic.  Recently  there  has  been  a 
tendency  for  the  French  capital  to  be- 
come extensively  interested  in  Mexican 
mining.  This  is  a  result  partly  of  the 
successful  operations  of  the  Dos  Estral- 
las  company,  which  was  developed  by 
Mr.  Fournier  and  the  stock  of  which  is 
held   largely   in   Paris. 

Leopold  Salazar,  mining  engineer  of 
Mexico  City,  secretary  of  the  Mexican 
Mining  Institute,  is  writing  a  book  en- 
titled "The  Mining  Industry  of  Mexico." 
He  has  the  cooperation  of  23  mining  en- 
gineers, among  them  being  E.  Girault,  A. 
Grothe,  J,  J.  Reynoso,  Jose  C.  Haro, 
Walter  Neal,  Manuel  Balarezo,  Fernando 
Gonzalez,  Robert  Hay  Anderson,  Andres 
Aldesaro,  J.  Leslie  Mennell  and  Bernard 
McDonald.  The  book  will  contain  over 
600  pages  and  will  contain  numerous  en- 
gravings, plans,  maps  and  views.  It  will 
be  compiled  from  the  archives  of  the 
Fomento  department  and  from  the  State 
records  and  will  be  printed  in  Spanish 
and  English.  The  book  is  of  importance 
in  connection  with  the  need  of  authentic 
comclete  data  concerning  the  mining  re- 
sources of  Mexico. 


232 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


X     y 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


Peports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining 


Alaska 

Ala&ka  ^\exican — For  the  month  ended 
June  15  the  mill  crushed  19,439  tons, 
with  a  total  realizable  value  of  S69,866. 
The  operating  expenses  were  S27,282  and 
the  net  profit,  539,957;  yield  per  ton, 
S3.59. 

Alaska  United— The  report  for  month 
ended  June  15  was:  Crushed  in  Ready 
Bullion  Mill  (120  stamps)  and  700-ft. 
Claim  Mill  (100  stamps)  respectively 
19,850  and  16,597  tons;  realizable  value, 
842,817  and  $33,489;  operating  expenses. 
527,726  and  522,647;  net  operating  profit, 
515,091  and  510,842;  yield  per  ton,  52.27 
and  52.13. 

Gold  Dredging  and  Mining  Company — 
The  company  has  been  formed  and  will 
operate  on  claims  in  the  Nome  district. 
J.  D.  Bennett,  of  Nome,  is  agent. 


Arizona 

Gila  County 

Miami — The  company  is  installing  three 
500-h.p.  Edgewood  boilers  with  space  for 
a  fourth.  Oil  is  to  be  the  fuel  at  pres- 
ent, recent  tests  having  shown  that  17 
lb.  of  water  can  be  evaporated  per  lb. 
of  oil  as  against  12.5  lb.  with  the  coal 
at  hand.  The  development  has  again 
touched  the  1000-ft.  mark,  the  curtail- 
ment of  the  past  week  being  due  largely 
to  a  break  down  of  the  compressor  at 
No.  2  shaft.  The  15th  and  16th  churn- 
drill    holes   are   being   sunk. 

Superior  &  Boston — Most  of  the  de- 
velopment at  the  mine  is  being  done  on 
the  sixth  level,  which  is  551  ft.  below 
the  collar  of  the  McGaw  shaft.  The 
drift  southeast  on  this  level  is  progress- 
ing at  the  rate  of  4  ft.  a  week.  The 
McGaw  shaft,  the  only  one  of  the  four 
shafts  on  the  property  at  present  being 
developed,  is  at  745  ft.  When  770  ft.  has 
been  reached  it  is  intended  to  establish 
the  eighth  level,  which  will  run  under 
the  orebody  on  the  sixth  level  above.  A 
Prescott  sinking  pump  is  in  use  in  the 
shaft  as  some  water  has  been  en- 
countered. 

Arizona  Commercial— The  orebody  cut 
in  sinking  the  Eureka  shaft  below  the 
700-ft.  level,  proved  only  a  small  de- 
tached body  about  10  ft.  thick.  A  dia- 
mond drill  is  operating  and  at  85  ft.  be- 
low the  700-ft.  level  it  ran  through  about 
12  ft.  of  oxidized  ore.  This  drill  will 
continue  to  1500  ft.,  and  holes  will  be  put 
down   at   three   different   points. 

Calumet  &  Arizona — An  authentic  tele- 
gram of  July  26,  from  Bisbee,  says  that 
the  mine  output  has  not  been  curtailed. 


Graham  County 

Arizona  Copper  Company — For  the 
half-year  to  March  31,  subject  to  final  ad- 
justment, the  free  profits,  including  £39,- 
994,  brought  forward  from  September 
30,  1909,  amount  to  £174,660.  The  divi- 
dends for  the  half-year  on  the  "A"  Pref- 
erence shares  and  the  7  per  cent,  prefer- 
ence stock  amount  to  £12,266,  leaving  a 
sum  of  £162,394.  Out  of  this  the  di- 
rectors resolved  to  pay  July  30  an  in- 
terim dividend  of  Is.  3d.  per  share,  on 
the  ordinary  share.  This  will  leave  a 
balance  of  £67,401. 

Pinal  County 

Ray  Consolidated — It  is  reported  that 
the  management  now  believes  that  not 
only  one  section  of  the  concentrator,  but 
two,  will  be  started  next  January.  The 
plant  is  being  built  in  eight  sections 
having  a  rating  capacity  of  600  tons  each. 
It  is  expected  that  each  of  these  will  have 
an  actual  capacity  of  1250  tons  per  day. 
At  the  smelting  plant  grading  has  been 
started.  This  plant,  which  is  to  have  a 
capacity  of  500  tons  a  day,  is  to  be 
equipped  with  reverberatory  furnaces,  as 
now  planned,  but  undoubtedly  a  blast 
furnace  will  be  added  later. 


California 

A.MADOR  County 
Lincoln    Consolidated— '^ork    on    this 
mine,    at    Sutter   creek,    has   been    com- 
menced  under  superintendency   of  A.   L. 
Noce.     The  shaft  is  being  unwatered. 
Calaveras  County 
Economic — Work   on   the   lower   levels 
of    this    mine,    near    Esmeralda,    Oliver 
Reece,  manager,  has  opened  a  5-ft.  vein 
of  very  good  ore.     A  steam  driven  com- 
pressor and  a  gasolene  engine  are  to  be 
installed  as  auxiliaries. 

Eldorado  County 
Gold  C/iflfifit'/— Superintendent  W.  C. 
Green,  of  these  mines,  near  Georgetown, 
has  purchased  a  roller  gravel  mill  for  the 
Tiedermanr  claim,  and  another  will  short- 
ly be  added. 

Humboldt  County  - 
Lyster,  Willsie  and  Stephens  have  lo- 
cated and  started  work  on  three  asbestos 
claims,  near  Soldier's  Grove,  on  the  ridge 
running  down  to  Mad  river,  near  Show- 
er's pass. 

Inyo  County 
Casa  Diablo — .\n  Ingersoll-Rand   four- 
drill  compressor  is  being  installed  at  this 
property.    Electric  power  will  be  used. 
Lassen  County 
At  Merrillville.  the  Corona  group  is  be- 


ing opened  under  superintendence  of  T. 
G.  Elgie.  The  vein  is  wide.  The  Hin- 
man-Taber  group  has  also  ben  started 
and  a  20-ft.  shaft  sunk. 

Mono  County 
F.  B.  Remington,  Samuel  Musser  and 
William  Cahoon  are  installing  a  custom 
cyanide  plant  at  Benton,  where  they  have 
bought  15,000  tons  of  tailings  from  the 
Comanche  mill. 

Nevada   County  . 

Cassidy — The  new  surface  plant  of  this      I 
mine,  at  Grass  Valley,   F.  C.  Longe,  su- 
perintendent, has  been  completed.     It  is 
the   intention  to  sink   1000   feet. 

Central  Consolidated — Extensive  de- 
velopment is  being  carried  on  at  this 
Grass  Valley  mine.  The  shaft  is  600  ft. 
and  will  be  carried  200  ft.  further. 

Golden  Eagle — This  company,  through 
F.  O.  Parker,  of  Los  Angeles,  has  ac- 
quired the  holdings  of  J.  E.  Mitchell,  of 
San  Francisco,  at  Deadman's  flat,  includ- 
ing the  West  Point  claim.  Extensive  de- 
velopment   is   planned. 

Polar  Star — It  is  expected  that  this 
mine,  at  Grass  Valley,  will  be  started  up 
soon. 

Placer  County 

Good  Friday — The  men  operating  this 
mine,  at  Ophir,  have  struck  a  good  vein. 

Sierra  Development  and  Mining  Com- 
pany— This  company  is  extending  the  old 
Ralston  ditch  to  the  Meadows  and  will 
put  in  a  dam  at  that  point. 

Plumas  County 

French  Ravine — This  company  has 
been  organized  to  develop  the  old  Shen- 
andoah mine  in  French  ravine,  near  Rich 
bar. 

San   Luis  Obispo  County 

La  Cuesta — A  contract  has  been  made 
lor  a  10-stamp  mill  for  this  company,  at 
the  Chorro,  north  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 
Trinity  County 

Birdie    M. — H.    S.    Nonemaker,    owner 
of  this  claim  at  New  River,  near  Quimby, 
has  just  finished  a  crushing  which  aver- 
aged 510  per  ton,  in  the  Huntington  mill. 
Shasta  County 

First  National  Copper — Following  a 
conference  of  the  San  Francisco  attor- 
neys of  the  company  with  Judge  Morrow, 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  the  farmers  have 
agreed  to  a  final  hearing  regarding  the 
fume  situation  at  the  Balaklala.  Unless 
there  is  a  change  in  the  fanners'  attitude 
the  smeltery  must  close.  The  First  Na- 
tional wishes  to  keep  one  furnace  running 


Jul>  30,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


233 


in  order  that  the  working  force  may  not 
be  disintegrated.  One  furnace  was  shut 
down  July  26. 

Tuolumne  County 
United  Mines  Corporation — This  com- 
pany, ownirvg  the  Eureka,  Dead  Horse, 
Lady  Washington,  and  other  mines  near 
Tuolumne,  has  issued  a  deed  of  trust 
to  the  Cleveland  Trust  Company,  as  se- 
curity for  an  issue  of  ,S2v'iO,000  bonds. 
The  floating  debt  will  now  be  taken  up 
and  improvements  and  developments 
made. 


Colorado 

Hinsdale  County 

Indiana-Colorado — This  new  50-ton 
mill  will  handle  ore  from  the  California 
and  Lightning  Striker  mines. 

Pelican — This  mine,  1 '  '•  miles  from 
Lake  City,  is  employing  40  men  in  de- 
velopment. Extensive  repairs  have  been 
made. 

Yfllou-  Medicine — This  mine,  near 
Capital  City,  has  been  sold  to  a  company 
organized  at  Hamilton,  Ont.  It  will  be 
developed. 

Chicago — This  crosscut  tunnel,  near 
Rose's  Cabin  claims,  is  being  advanced 
to  the  Horseshoe  basin. 

Dolly  Varden — Work  is  being  done  on 
this  group,  near  the  Rose's  Cabin  claims. 

Frank  Hough — This  property,  on  Engi- 
neer mountain,  is  shipping  to  Durango, 
about   10  tons  daily. 

Lake  County — Leadville 

Cleveland — The  drift  started  several 
weeks  ago  from  the  bottom  of  this  South 
Evans  mine,  to  open  the  vein  at  a  depth 
of  800  ft.  and  in  the  granite,  has  reached 
its  objective  point,  the  vein  as  exposed 
being  strong  and  well  defined,  the  values 
being  the   same  as   in  the   porphyry. 

Clear  Grit — The  machinery  is  installe.i 
on  this  property,  in  Iowa  gulch,  and  the 
gallows  frame  is  being  erected.  The 
shaft  has  been  sunk  to  40  ft.  C.  J. 
Moore  is  manager. 

Black  Prince — John  Certillini  and  as- 
sociates have  men  at  work  preparing  this 
property  for  active  prospecting  in  the 
near  future. 

Doloriite—Tht:  old  shaft  on  this  prop- 
erty, in  Adelaide  park,  is  being  retim- 
bered  preparatory  to  sinking.  This  mine 
and  adjacent  properties  have  been  ac- 
quired by  a  new  company  called  the 
Breece  Hill  Mining  and  Development 
Company,  S.  B.  Fenton,  manager.  The 
results  of  core-drilling  operations  were 
very  encouraging  and  the  company  will 
conduct  vigorous  development. 

Teller  County— Cripple  Creek 
III  Paso — Lessees  operating  block  28 
through  the  Standard  tunnel  report  a 
strike  of  sylvanite  ore  carrying  2  to  10 
oz.  gold  per  ton.  The  strike  is  in  Little 
May  ground,  and  about  650  ft.  below-  the 
surface. 


Stratlon  Estate — Lessees  operating 
through  the  Lucky  Gus  No.  2  shaft  have 
opened  a  new  oreshoot  in  the  Lucky  Gus 
vein,  the  ore  assaying  from  .'?20  to  $200 
per  ton. 

Victor— U  is  reported  that  the  Golden 
Cycle  Company  is  to  treat  at  its  Colo- 
rado City  mill  1000  tons  of  the  dump 
of  this  old  time  producer.  The  rock 
\'ields  SIO  per  ton  on  assay,  it  is  claimed, 

San  Juan  District 
Tiger — This  mine  in  the  eastern  gold 
belt  of  San  Juan  county  has  made  n 
strike  in  level  "D."  The  Iowa  Tiger  mine 
is  leased  to  the  Iowa  Tiger  Leasing  Coin- 
pany.  For  the  past  18  months  the  com- 
pany has  been  mining  a  galena  ore  with- 
out any  knowledge  of  gold  values  along- 
side. Prospecting  the  hanging-wall  dis- 
closed stringers  with  free  gold.  Twentx'- 
eight  hundred  pounds  have  been  shipped 
to  Silverton  the  first  assay  of  which  ran 
62  oz.  gold. 

Idaho 

CoEUR  d'Alene  District 
AJorn/ng— The  drift  on  the  lowest  level 

shows  a  galena   orebody   5   ft.   wide   and 

proved  for  40  feet. 

Stewart— The  mine  is  shipping  250  tons 

of  ore  daily  to  Wallace.   A  shaft  has  been 

begun   in   the    lower   tunnel    and    will    be 

sunk  200  feet. 

Marsh — The  oreshoot  has  been  proved 
in  the  intermediate  level  for  350  ft.  When 
the  concentrator  is  erected,  which  the 
company  figures  will  be  soon,  shipments 
will  start.     It  is  a  lead-silver  property. 

Missoula  Copper — The  west  drift  has 
struck  copper  ore  which  has  widened  to 
6  ft.  The  ore  is  mixed  shipping  and 
milling  grade  with  about  2  ft.  of  the 
better  ore. 

Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  Company — The 
New  England  Exploration  Company  of 
Boston,  has  been  testing  the  2000  acres 
ni  placer  owned  by  the  company.  The 
bedrock  is  from  15  to  30  ft.  below  the 
surface  and  is  of  a  nature  that  ordinarv 
dredging  machinery  will  not  handle.  Con-| 
siderable  tunnel  work  has  been  done  by 
Robert  E.  Cranston  of  Sacramento,  Ca!., 
and  it  hoped  that  an  economical  way  can 
be  found  to  work  the  placers.  The  ground 
has  never  been  worked. 

Alice— The  mill  has  been  closed  and 
development  is  expected  to  cease  soon. 
The  Alice  has  been  shipping  lead-silver 
ore  and  concentrates  since  early  this  year. 
No  reason  is  given  out  by  the  inanage- 
ment  for  this  action. 


on  the  Coleman  farm,  the  thickness  being 
61  ft.  The  well  stopped  in  sand.  The 
Ohio  Oil  Company  has  four  crews  at 
work  on  the  pipe  line  from  this  field  to 
Bridgeport.  111.  The  line  will  cross  the 
White  and  Wabash  rivers,  near  Decker, 
Ind.  Six-inch  mains  are  being  laid. 
Knox  County 

Two  hundred  cans  of  powder  stored  in 
a  magazine  of  the  Freeinan  coal  mine, 
near  Bicknell,  exploded  July  23.  A  miner 
went  to  the  magazine  for  a  supply  of 
gasolene  and  had  not  extinguished  the 
torch  on  his  hat.  In  some  manner  he 
allowed  the  gasolene  to  come  in  contact 
with  the  torch.  Realizing  the  danger,  he 
hastily  retreated  from  the  magazine.  He 
had  run  about  300  ft.  when  the  powder 
i-xploded;  he  was  thrown  to  the  ground, 
painfully  burned  by  the  gasolene,  but 
otherwise  uninjured.  A  big  hole  w^as  torn 
in  the  ground  and  practically  all  the  win- 
dows in  the  business  district  of  the  city 
were  broken.  The  Freeman  mine  is  lo- 
cated at  the  edge  of  the  town.  None  of 
its  property  except  the  magazine  and 
contents    was   destroyed. 

Vigo  County 

Fire,  thought  to  have  originated  from 
a  spark  dropping  on  the  roof  of  a  boiler 
sned,  July  23,  destroyed  the  top  machin- 
ery, boiler  and  engine  house  of  the  Hock- 
ing mine,  near  Farmersburg,  owned  by 
the  Alliance  Coal  Company. 
Warrick   County 

Hig  Four  Coal  Mining  Company— This 
company,  with  offices  at  Booneville,  is 
erecting  a  new  tipple  at  its  mine,  east 
of  Booneville.  Coal  at  this  mine  is  hauled 
half  a  mile  on  a  small  track  to  the  South- 
ern Indiana  railroad  and  dumped  into 
cars. 


Kan-sas 

Boston  Land  and  Mining — This  com- 
pany has  bought  the  steam  shovel  of  the 
Continental  Zinc  Company  and  will  use 
it  in   its  opencut  mine,  at   Galena. 

Peacock  Valley — This  company,  at 
Peacock  has  worked  out  most  of  the 
pillars  of  the  Peacock  mine  and  caved 
the  ground  and  will  now  run  the  ore 
from  the  cave.  The  ore  in  the  upper 
levels  could  not  be  worked  on  account  of 
the   poor  roof  in   the   lower  level. 


Indiana 
Gibson    County 

The  week  in  the  Oakland  City  oilfield 
has  been  below  the  average  with  three 
wells  completed  and  an  estimate  daily  in- 
crease in  production  of  400  bbl.  The 
heaviest  sand  in  the  history  of  the  field 
was  drilled  by  the   Shoup  Oil   Company, 


Michigan 
Copper 

Seneca — The  shaft  is  bottomed  at  the 
fifth  level,  920  ft.  from  surface,  where 
a  station  is  being  cut  preparatory  to 
crosscutting  to  the  Kearsarge  lode.  At 
the  south  drift  from  the  third  level  an 
improvement  has  been  noted  in  the 
ground. 

New  Baltic— The  shaft  is  in  the  foot- 
wall  40  ft.  behind  the  lode.  The  first 
level  will  be  at  150  feet. 

Keweenaw — The    shaft    on    the    Kear- 


234 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  30.  1910. 


sarge  lode  is  down  300  ft.  and  has  again 
entered  the  copper-bearing  formation, 
which  it  passed  out  of  at  100  feet. 

New  Arcadian — This  mine  has  started 
trenching  where  a  drill  core  recently  ex- 
posed a  copper-bearing  amygdaloid  at  a 
shallow  depth. 

Cherokee — The  No.  I  drill  hole  has 
been  discontinued  after  driving  into  the 
sandstone  and  has  been  moved  to  the 
No.  3  hole.  No.  2  hole  continues  sink- 
ing without  results. 

Gratiot — This  company  is  shipping 
about  300  tons  of  rock  daily  to  the  Al- 
louez-Centennial  mill,  from  the  stock 
piles. 

Lake — Under  the  new  management  this 
company  is  limiting  its  rock  shipment  to 
that  which  is  taken  out  in  development, 
and  as  a  result  but  one  shipment  con- 
sisting of  450  tons  has  been  made  this 
month. 

Iron 

The  Jones  furnace,  at  Iron  Mountain, 
will  start  soon,  Elmer  Jones  is  in  Pitts- 
burg making  a  test  run  at  the  Carnegie 
Institute. 

Hartford — The  Republic  Iron  and  Steel 
company  is  making  preparations  to  re- 
sume operations  at  the  mine  closed  since 
June  1,  when  the  Oliver  company  sur- 
rendered its  lease,  after  operating  the 
property  for  ten  years. 


Minnesota 
Morton — The  concrete  shaft  being  sunk 
for  this  mine  of  the  Tod-Stambaugh 
Company,  has  not  yet  reached  bedrock. 
This  shaft  when  finished  will  have  pene- 
trated 186  ft.  of  quicksand  and  gravel 
overburden,  of  which  174  ft.  was  sunk 
by  dredging  in  water,  the  shaft  sinking 
of  its  own  weight.  When  this  depth  was 
reached  additional  headway  could  not  be 
made  due  to  the  side  friction  of  quick- 
sand. Pumping  under  a  pressure  of  42 
to  48  lb.  per  sq.in.  was  then  tried  but 
failed  to  work  out  successfully.  Work 
has  now  been  started  toward  excavating 
under  the  cutting  shoe  and  suddenly 
lowering  air  pressure  from  42  to  30  ft. 
per  sq.in.  which  will  be  equivalent  to  add- 
ing some  1400  tons  weight.  The  sand- 
hogs  are  now  working  two  1-hour  shifts 
out  of  each  24  hours.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  for  eight  months  this  shaft  has 
lacked  but  12  ft.  of  reaching  bedrock. 

Laura — The  timber  shaft  of  this  Mine 
of  the  Inland  Steel  Company,  which  was 
destroyed  by  fire  May  30,  has  been 
Cleared  out  and  retimbered.  This  shaft 
will  be  put  into  commission  again  soon. 

Susquehanna — The  machine  shops  of 
the  Drake  &  Stratton  Company  will 
soon  have  to  be  moved  due  to  the  strip- 
ping operations  of  the  Winston-Dear 
Company  for  this  Buffalo  and  Susque- 
hanna mine.  As  soon  as  a  new  location 
is  secured  permanent  shops  will  be 
erected  by  Drake  &  Stratton. 


Missouri 

A  zinc  discovery  in  Vernon  county, 
near  Dedrick,  is  reported.  Eleven  ft.  of 
ore  was  struck  at   130  ft.  in  an  oil  hole. 

JoPLiN    Lead   and   Zinc   District 

Federated — This  company  attempted  to 
introduce  Italian  labor  in  its  mine,  but 
the  foreign  labor  was  not  allowed  to  re- 
main by  the  American  miners. 

American — The  company  has  been 
forced  to  close  its  mines  on  account  of 
a  strike  of  its  miners,  who  wanted  an  in- 
crease. 

Quick  Seven — This  camp,  at  Neck  City, 
is  making  a  weekly  output  of  250  tons. 

Little  Mary — The  company  has  nearly 
completed  its  250-ton  mill,  near  the 
Quick  Seven,  at  Neck  City. 

Plata — The  mine  at  Spring  City  has 
been  bought  by  Kaufman  and  Patterson, 
of  Amarilla,  Tex.,  and  the  mine  will  be 
opened  up  at  once. 

Microbe — This  mine,  at  Spring  City, 
has  changed  hands  and  the  mill  is  being 
remodeled  and  a  new-  shaft  sunk  prepara- 
tory to  starting. 


Montana 
Butte  District 

Anaconda — The  Washoe  sampling 
works,  in  Butte,  was  burned  July  15; 
the  loss  is  estimated  at  S75,000.  The 
mill  was  built  by  Taylor  &  Brunton  in 
1904,  and  has  since  been  used  to  sample 
custom  ores  sent  from  Butte  for  treat- 
ment at  the  Washoe   smeltery. 

Raven — Stockholders  have  recently  re- 
ceived notice  that  a  payment  of  10c.  per 
share  will  be  due  on  all  stock  Aug.  1. 
When  the  company  was  reorganized  some 
time  ago  the  old  stock  was  given  a  valua- 
tion of  25c.  per  share,  thus  making  75c. 
due  on  the  new  stock.  Twenty-five  cents 
was  paid  at  that  time  and  the  balance  of 
50c.  was  made  subject  to  the  call  of 
directors. 

Fergus  County 
Barnes-King — The  management  states 
that  no  definite  decision  has  been  made' 
to  shut  down  the  property  permanently 
but  that  it  has  been  decided  that  the  mill 
cannot  be  run  profitably  and  that  opera- 
tions will  be  discontinued.  There  is  at 
present  about  S250,000  in  the  treasury 
but  it  is  not  probable  that  any  part  of  this 
will  be  expended  in  further  prospecting. 

Granite  County 
In  the  Georgetown  district.  Bob  Lind- 
berg  and  Joe  Anderson  are  leasing  on 
the  Holdfast  claim  and  at  5  ft.  have  cut 
a  7- ft.  vein  containing  gold  quartz  thought 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  Oro  Fino  vein. 
James  Drumgoole's  Trilby  claim  near  the 
Holdfast  is  developing. 

Lincoln  County 
Operations   have    begun   at   the   Silver 
Cable  mine  south  of  Libby  and  it  is  ex- 


pected that  the  vein  will  be  cut  within  a 
few  days.  At  the  Shaughnessy  Hill  mine 
more  than  a  car  of  ore  has  been  sacked. 
A  deal  is  pending  for  this  property. 

Madison  County 
In  the  Summit  district,  Charles  Ryden, 
working  the  Atlas  Extension,  struck  a 
rich  vein  and  has  again  encountered  the 
same  vein  in  a  shaft  300  ft.  south  of 
the  other  strike.  The  ore  is  6  ft.  wide. 
Ball  &  Tullock  have  recently  made  sev- 
eral shipments  from  their  Wanetaka  mine 
near  Virginia  City.  The  vein  is  6  ft. 
wide.  The  Butte-Alder  Gulch  company 
opeiating  the  Nelly  Bly  has  cut  a  7-ft. 
orebody  and  is  making  arrangements  for 
a  10-stamp  mine.  At  the  Homestake  mine, 
Thompson  &  Bariter  have  made  a  car 
shipment.  At  the  Apex  mine  on  the  310- 
ft.  level  the  vein  is  from  8  to  12  ft.  wide 
and  is  high-grade  milling  ore.  Ore  is  be- 
ing blocked  out  awaiting  the  mill. 

Missoula  County 

Iron  Mountain — A  new  silver-lead  out- 
crop recently  discovered  near  the  top 
of  the  mountain  is  3  ft.  wide.  The  ore  can 
be  tapped  by  extending  the  tunnel  on  the 
1600-tt.  level  500  feet. 

Monitor — This  development  company 
has  acquired  the  lease  and  bond  on  the 
Monitor  copper  property,  formerly  held 
by  the  Success  Mining  Company.  The 
bonding  concern  will  continue  the  drift- 
ing on  the  400-  and  700-ft.  levels. 


Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 
Goldfield  Consolidated— WoTk  on  the 
fifth  surface  exit  for  Consolidated  ores 
is  being  rushed.  The  Laguna  shaft  has 
been  sunk  to  the  600- ft.  level,  at  which 
point  a  crosscut  is  being  driven  south  to 
connect  with  the  Clermont  north  drift. 
Raises  at  intervals  will  tap  the  ore  on  the 
360- ft.  level  of  the  Red  Top  workings,  af- 
fording means  for  economical  extraction. 
A  new  gallows  frame  and  new  ore  bins 
are  under  course  of  construction  at  the 
shaft  and  should  be  completed  within  a 
month. 

Wondruff-Goldfield—A  daily  flow  of 
20,000  gal.  of  water  has  developed  and 
is  being  handled  by  a  steam  pumping 
plant. 

C.  O.  D. — The  Victor  shaft  has  been  re- 
timbered  and  stations  cut  at  the  400-  and' 
450-ft.  levels  preparatory  to  active  de- 
velopment. 

Gold  Bar — Specifications  are  complete 
for  a  50-ton  reduction  plant.  No  stamps 
are  to  be  used.  Treatment  in  a  rotary 
crusher  and  Denver  quartz  mill  will  he 
followed  by  amalgamation  and  jigging  to 
effect  saving  of  base  metals.  This  treat- 
ment is  an  innovation  but  tests  show  good 
results. 

Goldfield-]tipiter—r>.  MacKenzie  has 
bi  ought  suit  for  the  company  against  th'J 
Goldfield   Consolidated   to   recover  $5000 


July  30.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


235 


for  alleged  damage  to  the  property  lying 
directly  north  of  the  tailings  pond  where 
the  slime  from  the  big  mill  is  dumped. 
Humboldt  County 

Many  mining  men  have  visited  the  new 
district  of  Red  Butte,  and  from  indica- 
tions there  will  be  much  development 
there  this  fall.  The  district  has  some 
gold,  but  is  principally  a  large  copper 
camp,  sulphides  having  been  found  in 
large  bodies  on  the  surface. 

Stall  Brothers — This  lease,  at  National, 
shipped  recently  gold  bullion  valued  at 
$85,000.  The  shaft  is  down  400  ft.,  and 
much  of  the  ore  runs  from  S20  to  $100 
per  pound.  One  day  this  lease  took  out 
$20,000. 

National — This  property,  at  National, 
expects  soon  to  install  a  Lane  mill  to 
handle  the  low-grade  ore. 

Lander    County 

Kimberly — This  company  has  been  re- 
organized, and  Samuel  Wheeler,  of  Reno, 
is  now  interested;  the  company  has  re- 
sumed. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah-Belmont — Hoist  and  compres- 
sor foundations  are  in  and  await  the  ar- 
rival of  the  machinery.  The  widened 
shaft  is  now  within  300  ft.  of  the  surface, 
progressing  at  the  rate  of  45  ft.  weekly. 

Tonopah — The  work  is  chiefly  confined 
to  prospecting  and  developing  above  the 
700-ft.  level.  The  Sand  Grass  claim,  the 
most  westerly  ground  owned  by  the  com- 
pany, will  soon  be  the  scene  of  active  de- 
velopment, through  the  new  shaft  which 
is  now  at  390  feet. 

Montana-Tonopah — Three  feet  of  high 
grade  has  been  encountered  on  the  765- 
fl.  level  near  the  North  Star  property. 
The  mill  report  shows  90.9  per  cent,  ex- 
traction on  749  tons  of  ore. 

Bullfrog  P/ont'cr- -Operations  for  June 
show  626  tons  milled,  with  S25  per  ton  re- 
covered on  the  plates  and  an  additional 
extraction   from  cyaniding  the   tailings. 

Eclipse  Development — Two  sub-leases 
have  been  let,  the  company  giving  favor- 
able terms  for  handling  the  output  in  its 
mill. 

Montgomery-Shoshone — Official  report 
for  April  shows  receipts  amounting  to 
S25.505;  expenses,  $23,200;  net,  S2304. 
Bills  payable,  including  loans  and  inter- 
est to  date,  $219,884. 

White  Pine  County 

Nevada  Consolidated  -Preliminary 
steps  are  being  taken  toward  shipment 
from  the  new  steam-shovel  pit  known  as 
the  "Liberty."  The  mouth  of  this  pit  is 
3000  ft.  southwesterly  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Eureka  pit  from  which  the  large  ton- 
nage is  being  taken,  and  from  this  point 
will  be  extended  southerly  for  severnl 
hundred  feet  and  thence  easterly  which 
last  direction  will  take  it  toward  the  head 
of  the  Eureka  pit  which  it  will  probably 
join.    The  mouth  of  the  Liberty  pit  is  in 


a  gulch  and  tracks  have  been  laid  to  it 
along  the  hillside  on  each  side.  The 
overburden  is  from  20  to  100  ft.  in  depth 
and  is  of  irregular  contour  which  will  re- 
sult in  difficulty  of  handling.  It  is  prob- 
able that  about  the  same  quantity  of 
carbonate  ore  will  be  encountered  here  as 
in  the  Eureka  pit.  The  steam  shovels  for 
this  work  are  delayed  and  will  not  arrive 
until  fall. 

Ely  Ccntcnnial—k  fund  of  $15,000  has 
been  provided  to  acquire  additional 
ground  adjoining  this  property,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  Ely  district.  Samuel 
Newhouse  and  John  Dern  are  interested. 

Ohana — This  company,  in  the  Black- 
horse  district,  is  planning  to  install  a  20- 
stamp  mill.     A.  G.  Burritt  is  president. 


New  Mexico 

Grant  County 

Mangas — This  development  company 
has  drills  at  work  in  Emerald  gulch  and 
at  Midway.     H.  A.  Link  is  superintendent. 

Cftino— -Seven  drills  are  working  on 
ore-bearing  ground  and  two  are  drilling 
for  water.  The  deep-rigged  drill  at  work 
in  the  Carasco  section,  has  encountered 
average-grade  ore  at  1300  ft.  In  all 
probability  when  the  productive  stage  is 
reached,  operations  will  be  begun  on  the 
steam-shovel   orebodies. 

Oregon 

Baker  County 

Queen  of  the  West — This  mine  is  op- 
erating a  lO-stamp  mill,  and  some  of  the 
ore  is  averaging  $110  per  ton.  The  in- 
stallation of  a  cyanide  plant  is  being  con- 
sidered.    F.  J.  Eitel  is  in  charge. 

Oro  Fino — This  group  has  been  leased 
to  D.  L.  Killgore,  I.  J.  Leach  and  J.  A. 
Dygert.     .A   125-ft.  adit  will  be  driven. 


Pennsylvania 

Pittsburg  Coal  Company — The  finan- 
cial report  for  the  half  year  ended  June 
30  shows  net  earnings  of  $1,704,602,  an 
increase  of  .$739,918  over  1909.  Charges 
were:  Depreciation  of  coal  lands,  $353,- 
523;  depreciation  of  plant,  $450,545;  in- 
terest, $494,926;  total,  $1,298,994,  leaving 
a  surplus  of  5405,608,  which  com- 
pares with  a  deficit  of  $265,996  for  the 
first  half  of  last  year. 

Tennessee 

A.  J.  Robertson,  manager  of  the  Meri- 
dian Fertilizer  Company's  phosphate  rock 
mines  near  Centerville,  has  received  or- 
ders to  resume  mining  Aug.  1.  The  mines 
have  been  closed  for  two  years.  About 
100  men  will  be  employed.  Only  one 
other  mine  has  been  in  operation  regu- 
larly since  1907.  The  survey  is  under 
way  from  Goodrich  to  the  3000-acre 
phosphate  field  on  Jerry's  Branch,  owned 
by  Mayor  J.  B.  Walker,  of  Centerville. 
One  of  the  largest  companies  in  the  phos- 
phate   business    has    an    option    on    this 


property.  It  is  only  a  few  miles  from 
Goodrich  to  Jerry's  Branch,  and  a  branch 
will  doubtless  be  extended  there  and 
probably  on  to  Little  Lot,  as  it  would 
traverse  a  section  rich  in  iron  and  phos- 
phate ores. 

Tennessee  Copper — The  second  unit  of 
the  acid  plant,  is  practically  completed 
and  part  has  been  placed  in  operation. 
The  new  plant  will  be  gradually  brought 
up  to  capacity,  and  it  is  expected  that  by 
Fall  it  will  be  turning  out  acid  at  the  rate 
of  250,000  tons  annually. 


Texas 

A  cargo  analysis  of  the  first  shipments 
of  iron  ore  from  east  Texas  to  Phila- 
delphia shows:  Moisture,  3.438  per  cent.; 
metallic  iron  57.450;  silica,  4.800;  alum- 
ina, 0.942;  manganese,  0.314;  sulphur, 
0.1 16;  phosphorus,  O.I  18  per  cent. 


Utah 
Beaver  County 

South  Utah — A  new  smelting  contract 
has  been  made  with  the  International 
company,  and  shipments  will  be  called 
for  in  the  fall  when  the  smeltery  is  un- 
der full  headway.  Arrangements  are  be- 
ing made  for  better  freight  rates.  The 
company  has  a  1000-ton  mill,  which  has 
been  overhauled  and  new  equipment 
added.  Heretofore  the  plant  treated  800 
tons  daily,  and  made  a  saving  of  a  little 
above  50  per  cent.  Tests  with  the  new 
milling  arrangements  indicate  that  an  ex- 
tfaction  of  about  75  per  cent,  can  be 
made.  In  addition  to  the  concentrates 
there  is  at  present  a  limited  amount  of 
ore  developed  which  can  be  shipped  di- 
rect. Between  80  and  90  men  are  em- 
ployed on  development  and  other  work. 
There  is  said  to  be  about  $250,000  in  the 
treasury  for  working  capital. 

Horn  Silver — Four  new  drills  are  being 
used  in  raising. 

Cedar  Talisman — The  raise  from  the 
500- ft.  level  is  still  in  ore.  There  are 
good  showings  on  the  125-  and  500- ft. 
levels.    Two  cars  of  ore  are  being  loaded. 

Juab  County 

Chief  Consolidated — During  June  783 
tons  of  ore  were  produced,  on  which  the 
returns  are  given  as  .$22,907.  Ore  has 
been  opened  on  the  1400  level,  300  ft. 
north  of  where  it  was  originally  en- 
countered. The  June  product  came  from 
orebodies  about  1.50  ft.  south  of  this 
point. 

Iron  Blossom — The  No.  1  shaft  is  down 
1700  ft.,  and  a  station  is  being  cut  to 
open  a  new  level.  The  station  will  be 
made  large  enough  to  install  a  donkey 
engine,  which  will  be  used  for  sinking  to 
the  2000-ft.  point.  Levels  will  be  driven 
at  the  I800-.  1900-  and  2000-ft.  points. 
Shipments  are  being  made  from  both 
shafts,  which  include  a  car  per  week 
from  the  gold  ore  recently  encountered. 
The  500-ft.  level  is  in  low-grade  ore  south 


236 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


of  the  shaft.  Work  is  being  continued 
here  to  develop  the  ore  of  a  better  quality 
encountered  in  the  upper  workings. 

Tintic  Standard — A  report  giving  noti- 
fication of  assessment  No.  2,  and  stating 
why  this  is  necessary  has  been  sent  to 
stockholders.  The  indebtedness,  July  1, 
was  SI  1,692.  There  are  70,000  shares  of 
?tock  in  the  treasury.  The  company  owr.s 
10  lode  claims,  which  are  fully  paid  for. 
A  total  4372  ft.  of  development  has  been 
done.  The  shaft  is  down  885  ft.,  and 
will  be  sunk  to  the  1000-ft.  level,  from 
which  point  crosscuts  will  be  run  to  de- 
velop known  mineralized  fissures.  The 
assessment  is  Ic.  a  share. 

Mammoth — The  damage  caused  by  thi 
dropping  of  the  cage  to  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft  is  not  great.  A  new  shafthouse  and 
headframe  will  be  necessary,  also  a  new 
drum  for  the  hoist  and  a  2000-ft.  cable. 
The  timbering  in  the  shaft  will  be  re- 
paired. A  small  hoist  is  being  installed 
on  the  tunnel  level  to  keep  the  mine  go- 
ing. 

Yankee  Consolidated — There  were  1205 
shares  of  stock  delinquent  at  the  sale 
July  14.  The  new  electric  hoist  has  been 
placed  in  position. 

Dragon  Iron — The  shaft  is  being  sunk, 
and  this  has  caused  some  reduction  in  the 
shipments. 

Colorado — It  is  the  intention  to  fully 
explore  and  develop  the  500- ft.  level  be- 
fore sinking  further.  The  drift  east  of 
the  shaft  is  being  extended. 

Clift — Ore  running  30  per  cent,  lead 
and  12  to  15  oz.  in  silver  is  being  mined 
from  a  raise  above  the  tunnel  level.  A 
4- ft.  face  is  exposed.  The  mine  is  near 
Silver  City. 

East  Tintic  Development — Leasers  are 
operating  jigs,  and  producing  lead  ore  of 
good  grade.    Two  cars  have  been  shipped. 

McKinley — This  property  in  north  Tin- 
tic was  recently  closed  down  to  avoid 
levying  another  assessment.  The  stock- 
holders are  nearly  all  working  men.  The 
company  is  free  from  debt,  and  will  re- 
sume later. 

Schwab — This  company,  which  owns 
claims  in  east  Tintic,  is  suing  the  Iron  Hat 
Mining  Company  to  recover  certain  parts 
of  the  Agnes  Nos.  1,  2  and  4,  and  Junior 
Nos.  1,  4,  5  and  claims,  which  it  charges 
the  Iron  Hat  company  of  including  in  its 
survey  of  claims,  on  which  it  is  applying 
for  patents. 

Victoria — The  object  of  the  meeting 
August  1  is  to  ratify  the  purchase  of 
claims  owned  by  the  Snow  Flake  Mining 
Company.  The  purchase  price  is  given 
as  .S40,000,  or  at  the  rate  of  13'/:.c.  per 
share  for  the  outstanding  Snow  Flake 
stock.  The  claims  adjoin  the  Victoria 
ground,  and  can  be  developed  from  its 
workings  at  depth. 

Summit  County 

New  York — Assessment  No.  23  of  2c.  a 


share  was  levied  July  14.  The  fissure 
recently  cut  on  the  800-ft.  level  has  been 
drifted  on  to  the  east  100  ft.,  ore  occurr- 
ing all  the  way,  but  not  of  shipping  qual- 
ity. There  are  between  2  and  3  ft.  of 
iron-stained  quartz  in  which  occur 
bunches  of  ore  with  silver. 

Sih'cr  King  Coalition — A  number  of 
changes  have  been  made  in  the  working 
force  since  George  D.  Blood  became  su- 
perintendent. This  applies  particularly 
to  the  shift  bosses.  A  new  orebody  of 
large  extent  is  reported  to  be  under  de- 
velopment on  the  1300-ft.  level. 

Daly-West — During  May,  the  earnings 
were  approximately  $28,000,  which  's 
above  the  dividend  requirements  of  $18,- 
000  per  month.  It  is  understood  that  net 
profits  for  June  will  be  somewhat  less, 
owing  to  an  unusual  amount  of  surface 
water  having  entered  the  upper  workings. 
New  bodies  of  milling  ore  have  been 
opened  recently  on  the  17th,  18th,  19th 
and  21st  levels.  With  the  last  quarterly 
dividend  paid  July  20,  the  Daly- West  will 
have  distributed  S6,281,000. 

Red  Warrior — Copper  is  reported  in  the 
lowest  workings.  Up  to  the  present,  the 
ores   have   carried   silver,   lead   and   gold. 


Washington 

Ferry  County 

Trojan — Development  at  this  property 
is  progressing  and  the  company  is  in  the 
market  for  a  diamond-drill  outfit. 

Globe — Officers  of  this  company  re- 
cently made  an  inspection  of  the  mine, 
and  development  will  be  continued.  The 
company  is  owned  by  Hamilton,  Ont., 
capitalists. 

Snohomish   County 

Washington  &  Iowa  Copper — This 
company  has  done  2000  ft.  of  develop- 
ment on  its  claims,  near  Index.  G.  A. 
Rinehart.  E.  P.  Hewitt  and  N.  B.  Evans 
are  interested. 


Canada 

Alberta 

German  Development  Company — De- 
velopment of  this  company's  Brazeau 
coal  measures  has  been  commenced.  The 
area  held  is  4  sq.m.  James  McEvoy, 
Dominion  geologist,  estimates  total  coal 
contents  at  198,000,000  tons.  The  Held 
is  150  miles  west  of  Edmonton.  Three 
other  coal  areas  held  are:  Bighorn,  area 
5  sq.m.,  estimated  coal  content,  124,000,- 
000  tons;  Kananaskis,  area,  5040  acres, 
estimated  coal,  520,000,000  tons;  Sas- 
katchewan, area  320  acres,  estimated 
coal,  5,000,000  tons.  The  coal  is  of  ex- 
cellent quality,  for  steam  and  domestic 
uses. 

British  Columbia 

Doctor  Brock,  director  of  the  Geologic- 
al Survey,  says  regarding  the  Stewart 
River,  B.  C.  district:  "I  think  it  safe  to 
say  that  while  it  is  not  yet  a  proved  or 
established  mining  camp,  it  is  the  most 
promising    district    opened   up    in    British 


Columbia  since  the  boom  of  a  decade  ago 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  province." 

Hedley — The  equipment  for  generating 
electric  power  is  being  added  to.  In- 
cluded in  the  new  plant  is  a  600-h.p. 
Doble  impulse  waterwheel,  with  special 
needle  nozzle  and  auxiliary  relief,  to  be 
direct  connected  to  a  350-kw.  generator, 
for  supplying  water  to  both  mines  and 
stamp  mill. 

Le  Roi — This  mine,  at  Rossland,  is  to 
be  closed;  diamond  drilling  in  bottom 
levels  has  not  proved  occurrence  of  pay 
ore  in  considerable  quantity.  There  are 
large  orebodies,  but  grade  is  too  low  for 
profitable  working  under  existing  condi- 
tions. A.  J.  McMillan,  managing  director, 
has  gone  to  England  to  confer  with  his 
codirectors  as  to  future  operations. 

Iron  Mask — A  new  concentrator  is  be- 
ing erected  at  this  mine,  five  miles  south- 
west of  Kamloops,  and  formerly  operated 
by  the  Kamloops  Mines,  Ltd.  The  oc- 
currence is  a  sheared  zone,  mineralized 
for  approximately  100  ft.  of  its  width, 
much  faulted  and  broken,  estimated  to 
have  an  average  copper  content  of  three 
per  cent. 

Canadian  Klondike — This  company  is 
shipping  material  for  a  large  gold  dredge 
to  be  used  on  Bear  creek,  at  the  muoth 
of  the   Klondike   river. 

Princeton  Coal  and  Land  Company — 
This  Vancouver  company  has  decided  to 
spend  a  large  sum  in  improvements,  in- 
cluding a  compressor  plant. 

Velvet-Portland — This  mine  has  again 
been  leased  to  Edward  Ehrenburg,  of 
Spokane.     Work  will  be  started  at  once. 

McLeod — This  group,  in  the  Portland 
tanal  district,  has  been  sold  to  a  Nelson 
company,  including  J.  B.  Tierney.  Work 
will  be  started  immediately. 

Yukon  District — This  gold  mining  com- 
pany, operating  in  the  Windy  Arm  dis- 
trict, is  making  regular  shipments,  the 
last  shipment  of  62  tons,  averaging  S89 
per  ton.  J.  H.  Conrad  is  superintendent. 
Nova  Scotia 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  and  Coal  Company 
— It  is  announced  that  a  syndicate, 
headed  by  President  Robert  Harris,  has 
bought  some  21,000  shares  of  stock 
which  were  owned  by  Rudolphe  Forget, 
of  Quebec,  and  associates.  This  removes 
the  opposition  party,  which  has  made 
some-  trouble  for  the  management. 

American — This  gold  mine,  at  Monta- 
gue has  struck  rich  gold-bearing  quartz 
at  80  ft.     S.  A.  Hiselor  is  nianagcr. 

Ontario 

Cobalt  ore  shipments  for  the  week 
ended  July  15  were  as  follows:  Buffalo, 
54,000  lb.;  Chambers-Ferland,  64,000; 
Cobalt  Townsitc,  48,860;  Crown  Reserve, 
64,000;  Harpraves,  41„^70;  Kerr  Lake, 
300,000;  La  Rose,  1.52,000;  McKinley- 
Darrarh  95  980;  Nipissing,  239,090;  to- 
tal,  1,059..^00  pounds. 

There  has  been  considerable  develop- 


July  30,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


237 


meiii   in  the   Smoothwater  section   and   a 

large    number   of    claims   showing   silver 

have    been    staked    this    season.      About 

100  claims  have  lately  been  restaked. 

Gould        Consolidated  —  Underground 

I        work   has   been   stopped    and    a   diamond 

I       drill  is  being  used. 

Tretheu'cy — Two  more  veins  have  been 
found  in  a  crosscut  from  the  No.  2  shaft. 
I  Crown    Reserve — An    important    strike 

was  made  July  21.  A  vein  6  in.  wide  was 
encountered,  carrying  3000  oz.  silver  to 
the  ton,  about  900  ft.  down  the  lake  and 
a  similar  distance  from  the  nearest  point 
at   which   pay   ore   has   been   worked. 

Nipissing — A  new  orebody  15  in.  wide, 
of  1500-oz.  ore  was  found  on  July  22 
in  the  east  crosscut  on  the  300- ft.  level 
in  shaft  No.  64. 

Dominion  Reduction  Company — This 
Cobalt  company  has  decided  to  erect  a 
100-ton  custom  concentrator  on  Kerr  lake 
to  treat  low-grade  ore.  The  plant  will  be 
on  the  Crown  Reserve  property. 

Marathon — On  this  South  Lorain 
property,  I  !4  miles  north  of  the  main 
mining  area  of  the  camp,  a  smaltite  and 
niccolite  vein  from  4  to  8  in.  wide  has 
been  found  on  the  surface  and  stripped 
for    100   feet. 

Timmins — The  mill  at  Porcupine  was 
started  July  20,  running  about  5  tons  of 
ore  per  day.  The  returns  are  reported  to 
be  over  S300  per  ton.  A  30-stamp  mill 
has  been  ordered. 

Buffalo—The  300-ft.  level,  which  is  the 
deepest  working  in  the  conglomerate  in 
the  Cobalt  camp,  has  been  reached  by  a 
winze  put  down  from  the  250- ft.  level  on 
No.  10  vein.  The  vein  at  300  ft.  shows  4  in. 
running  between  2500  and  3000  oz.  to  the 
ton.  The  capacity  of  the  mill  has  been 
ircreased  by  the  addition  of  eight  more 
sand  tables. 

Silvers  Limited— At  a  shareholders' 
meeting  of  this  Gowganda  company  in 
Montreal,  July  22.  it  was  resolved  to 
close  the  mine,  as  there  were  no  pros- 
pects of  its  proving  profitable. 

Mexico 

Chihuahua 
Batopilas — The  company  reports  the 
discovery  of  gold-bearing  veins.  Work 
on  the  discoveries  has  been  stopped  dur- 
ing the  wet  season  as  the  locality  is  inac- 
cessible, owing  tn  deep  water  in  the  river. 
Active  operations  will,  however,  be  taken 
up  soon.  The  manager  is  now  taking  up 
the  plant  question  with  manufacturers. 

El  Rayo — Developments   in   the   Adela 

section  of  the  propertv  are  promising  and 

I     from  present  indications  a  large  orebody 

'     will  be  opened   up  between   raises  No.  6 

'     »nd  No.  I(i.  from  the  Pettit  tunnel. 

Oaxaca 

In  Taviche  production  and  development 

are    rather   quiet    although    more    ore    is 

being  sold  than  ever  before.     The  many 

failures  the  camp  has  to   record,  due  to 


lack  of  sufficient  capital  on  the  part  of 
the  developing  companies,  and  due  to  in- 
competency on  the  part  of  some  of  the 
managers,  have  made  it  rather  hard  to 
?ecure  funds  for  opening  up  the  mines. 
With  the  San  Juan,  the  San  Francisce, 
the  Zapote  and  others  producing  regu- 
larly and  showing  good  ore  at  every  new 
level,  confidence  is  bound  to  return. 

It  is  reported  that  the  prospects  for 
the  building  of  the  custom  mill  at  Santa 
Ines  are  favorable,  the  control  having 
passed  from  Dr.  Howard  A.  Kelly,  of 
Baltimore,  into  New  York  hands.  A 
thorough  canvass  of  the  ore  supplies  of 
the  Taviche  camp  is  being  made  by  N. 
O.  S.  Ford  for  the  mill  company. 

In  the  Totolapam  camp  repeated  finds 
of  high-grade  ore  are  being  reported 
from  entirely  virgin  sections.  In  San 
Luis  del  Rio.  Messrs.  Brill  and  McEwen 
have  taken  up  a  prospect  showing  ore  30 
to  40  kg.  in  silver  and  1  oz.  in  gold  per 
ton  on  the  surface. 

San  Martin — This  mine,  in  San  Martin, 
about  45  miles  south  of  Oaxaca,  is  re- 
ported to  have  been  purchased  by  C.  A. 
Barnard  and  associates,  of  Montreal, 
Can.,  for  .S(K),000  pesos.  Henry  Domville, 
of  Montreal,  has  been  placed  in  charge, 
and  has  commenced  to  unwater  the  mine 
and  clean  out  the  old  levels.  The  prop- 
erty is  one  of  the  oldest  mines  in  the 
State,  records  of  the  mine  existing  as 
far  back  as  1750.  Until  F'-ank  Leonard, 
of  Butte,  bought  the  mine  for  himself 
and  associates  seven  years  ago,  form- 
ing the  Cia.  Minera  San  Martin  y  Anc.\as. 
work  had  been  carried  only  to  100 
ft.  depth.  Later  the  shaft  was  sunk  to 
340  ft.,  and  a  small  mill  of  six  Merrill 
stamps  and  three  Wilfley  tables  erected. 
Owing  to  lack  of  capital  work  was  sus- 
pended for  some  time,  except  stoping 
some  of  the  rich  ore.  Deep  development 
is  contemplated  by  the  new  owners. 

Colonial  Mines  Company — This  Bos- 
ton company  in  which  Jerome  Smith, 
of  Boston,  is  interested,  has  made  the 
final  payment  on  the  San  Francisco  group 
of  mines  in  the  Sierra  Juarez  camp,  north 
of  Oaxaca.  These  mines  are  old,  having 
been  worked  by  the  Spaniards.  There 
are  many  thousand  feet  of  tunnels  and 
crosscuts.  The  new  company  has  been 
carrying  on  exploration  work  under  the 
supervision  of  E.  E.  Chase,  of  Denver, 
for  the  last  year  and  has  opened  up  suf- 
ficient ore  to  warrant  the  erection  of  a 
50-ton  mill.  The  property  was  sold  by 
the  Rickards  Brothers,  of  Oaxaca,  who 
inherited  the  mines. 

Old  Mexico  Mining  Company — This 
company,  under  management  of  Captain 
Cummings,  has  been  developing  the  El 
Carmen  mine  in  the  Sierra  Juarez  dis- 
trict, and  has  been  able  to  get  a  very 
high  and  at  the  same  time  cheap  ex- 
traction in  its  Rescate  mill.  The  process 
used  is  crushing  in  stamps  and  amalga- 
mating, concentrating  and  cyaniding  con- 
centrates and  tails. 


Santa  Catarina — This  group,  which  In- 
cludes the  Parada  de  San  Ignacio  aiid 
the  La  Leona,  of  the  Rickards  Brothers, 
has  been  taken  under  option  by  A.  R. 
Skertchly,  for  English  interests. 

Santa  Lucia — This  mine,  beyond  Toto- 
lapam, in  Huitepec,  owned  by  George  H. 
Nobbs  and  Henry  Morton,  of  Boston,  is 
developing  some  copper,  gold,  silver  ore 
in  a  virgin  section. 

San  Juan — At  this  mine  C.  H.  Hamil- 
ton is  planning  large  surface  improve- 
ments. It  is  reported  that  a  S30,000  iron 
roof  has  been  ordered  for  roofing  over  the 
ore-sorting  patio.  The  patio  is  going  to 
be  extended  further  down  the  creek,  ne- 
cessitating the  bridging  over  of  a  large 
section  of  the  latter.  The  entire  ma- 
chinery is  being  overhauled.  Last  month 
the  mine  was  reported  to  have  sold  27 
cars  of  medium-grade  ore.  The  law  suit 
on  the  mine  is  still  pending,  and  it  is  im- 
possible to  get  correct  information  as  to 
its  present  state.  Don  Juan  Baights,  Mr. 
Hamilton's  opponent,  died  in  Oaxaca,  last 
week,  but  the  sons  are  going  to  continue 
the  fight. 

Standard — Funds  for  resuming  the 
work  on  this  group  of  copper  mines  in 
San  Jose  have  been  sent  to  the  local 
management.  It  is  expected  to  drive  a 
lOOO-ft.  tunnel  for  opening  up  the  100-ft. 
vein  on  the  south  end  of  the  mines. 

Humboldt  Mining  Company—This  new 
Boston  company  has  been  formed  to  de- 
velop copper,  silver  and  lead  properties 
near  the  railway  in  Ocotlan,  the  Hum- 
boldt group.  These  claims  adjoin  the 
Treadwell.  President  is  Edward  J.  Plimp- 
ton, of  Norwood.  Mas?.,  and  the  treas- 
I'rer,  Albert  E.  Knowlton,  of  Boston.  The 
local  management  will  be  in  charge  of 
Place  &  Elton,  of  Oaxaca. 

Rhcnania — This  group  of  copper,  gold, 
silver  prospects,  owned  formerly  by  Red- 
ick  R.  Moore,  has  been  acquired  by 
Oaxaca  mining  people. 

SONORA 

General  Development  Company — This 
Lewisohn  concern  is  developing  proper- 
ties in  the  Yaqui  River  region,  formerly 
included  within  the  boundaries  of  the 
Ryall  concession.  A  property  opened  by 
the  Pacific  Smelting  and  Mining  Com- 
pany was  taken  under  bond  from  that 
company  a  few  months  ago,  and  before 
the  expiration  of  the  Ryall  concession 
much  adjoining  mineral  land  was  de- 
nouncsd.  The  holdings  now  total  over 
1200  pertenencias.  The  price  to  be  paid 
the  Pacific  Smelting  and  Mining  Com- 
pany   is    approximately    ,S100,000. 

Africa 

Rhodesia 
Gold  production  in  Rhodesia  in  June  is 
reported  at  51.0!ti  oz..  being  2403  oz.  less 
than  in  May.  For  the  half  year  ended 
June  30  the  total  was  300.446  oz.  in  1909 
and  315,305  oz.— or  S6.517,354— in  1910; 
an   increase  of   14,859  oz.  this  year. 


238 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


THE  MARKETS 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions    and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 

New  York,  July  27 — Coal  trade  in  the 
East  is  in  fair  condition,  but  not  specially 
active  anywhere.  Prices  generally  con- 
tinue rather  low. 

In  the  West  the  trade  is  still  in  an  un- 
easy and  disturbed  condition,  as  shown 
by  the  strike  reports  given  below.  It  will 
take  some  time  yet,  apparently,  to  settle 
the  differences  which  still  exist.  Mean- 
time the  larger  consuming  centers  are 
beginning  to  feel  some  shortage  of  sup- 
plies. Orders  from  the  West  are  coming 
to  several  districts  in  Pennsylvania, 
which  usually  ship  to  tidewater;  and 
West  Virginia  coal  is  finding  new  mar- 
kets. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Bethlehem  Steel 
Company  has  concluded  a  20-year  con- 
tract with  the  Davis  Coal  and  Coke  Com- 
pany to  supply  the  coal  for  the  by-pro- 
duct coke  plant  now  under  construction 
at  Bethlehem.  The  contract,  it  is  said, 
is  for  a  quantity  not  less  than  750.000 
tons,  and  not  to  exceed  2,000,000  tons 
yearly. 

Strike  Conditions — The  coal-mine  oper- 
ators of  Illinois  have  left  Indianapolis  for 
their  homes  and  the  hearing  before  the 
international  executive  board  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America,  which 
Las  been  in  progress  for  a  week,  came  to 
an  abrupt  end.  without  any  definite  de- 
cision having  been  reached.  While  the 
members  of  the  executive  board  will  give 
out  nothing  for  publication,  it  is  under- 
stood that  argument  has  been  heard  from 
both  Illinois  miners  and  operators,  and 
that  there  is  a  strong  sentiment  against 
supporting  a  strike  in  that  territory. 

The  continued  failure  on  the  part  of  the 
Illinois  miners  to  come  to  a  settlement 
of  their  present  difficulties  with  the  oper- 
ators of  their  State  has  had  a  disquieting 
influence.  In  several  different  States  the 
men  are  in  conference  with  the  operators 
on  the  question  of  a  new  contract.  Ac- 
cording to  President  Lewis,  95,000  min- 
ers, approximately,  are  on  strike  in  Penn- 
sylvania, Ohio.  Illinois,  Oklahoma,  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  and  Colorado,  while  10,000 
are  threatening  to  go  out  in  Wyoming  nn 
Sept.  I,  and  5000  in  Washington  are  mak- 
ing the  same  threat.  In  all  these  States 
there  is  no  apparent  chance  for  an  im- 
mediate settlement  of  the  differences, 
and,  in  many  of  them,  it  is  apparent  that 
unless  President  Lewis  intervenes  at  once 
negotiations  will  be  broken  off. 

A  late  despatch  reports  that  on  July 
26  an  agreement  was  reached  in  the 
latest    Illinois    conference.       Under    its 


terms  the  Illinois  Coal  Operators'  Asso- 
ciation will  pay  the  advance  of  3c.  a  ton 
mine-run  and  an  additional  2c.  a  ton  in 
Franklin  and  Williamson  counties.  Other 
conditions  are  not  given.  The  agreement 
will  have  to  be  submitted  to  a  vote  of 
the  miners. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  originating  on 
all  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Company  east  of  Pittsburg  and  Erie,  six 
months  ended  June  30,  short  tons: 

1909.              1910.  Changes. 

Anthracite 5,782,190  ,5,767,7B1  D.       l.-i,ll-i9 

Bituminous 1H,080,767  ■20,218.096  I.  2.137,328 

Coko 5.048,278  7,270,0,83  I.  2.222,-105 

Total 28,911,835    33,25t;,539      I.  4.:U4,7ll4 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  15  per 
cent. 

The  Pittsburg  Coal  Company  reports 
production  as  below  for  the  half  year 
ended   June   30,   in   short  tons: 

1909.  1910.        Changes. 

Pittsburg  district.  5,272.790  6,599.939  1.1.327.149 
Ohi.i  district 316,426  .524.667      I.    208.241 

Totalcoal 5,589.216      7.124,6(h;      1.1.53.5.390 

Coliemade 314,174  300,311      I.      86,137 

Increase  in  coal  this  year,  23.7  per 
cent.;   in  coke,  40.3  per  cent. 

Coal  shipments  over  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  railway  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  short  tons: 

Com-  Corn- 
District  :                   mercial.  pany.  Total. 

Pocahontas 9.t'>45.908  1.181.792  10.827. Too 

Tug  River 1,459,504  263,730  l,723,2:t4 

Thaclier 1,487,513  678.387  2.165,900 

Keuova 6.59.1S0  184.S)5  844.015 

Clinch  Valley B80.732  57,218  737,950 

Total 13,932,837    2,365,962    16,298,799 

The  total  increase  for  the  year  over 
1908-9  was  3,628,424  tons,  or  28.6  per 
cent. 

Bituminous  coal  and  coke  tonnage  of 
leading  railroads  in  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia,  five  months  ended  May 
31.  short  tons: 

Bituminous.    Coke.         Total. 
Pennsylvania 16.930,680      6.2o5,.506    2:5.136.186 

Bait.  ,*  Ohio 11.212.7.50  1,894.913  13,l07,6(a 

Buft.,Boch.  &  Pitts.  •2,8.55.5«9  2,55.142  3,110,711 

Butr.  S  Susqueh'na  494.674  1(14,629  599.303 

Penn.  lines,  N.  y.  C.  3,384.018  19,392  3.403.410 

Pitts.  &  L.  F.rle 3.766,264  2.960,077'  6,726.341 

Pitts.. Shnwniut&K.  451.126  9.890  461,016 

Norfollt  «:  Western .  6.924.604  1.319.073  8.213,677 

Ches.  tOhlo 6..523,93B  204,388  6,728,324 

Virginian 284,741        284,741 

Total 52.828,362    12.973.010    65.801.372 

Total,  lil08 42.588,312      9.078,978    51,667.290 

Total  increase  this  year,  14,134,082 
tons,  or  27.4  per  cent.  Virginian  rail- 
way tonnages  are  tidewater  coal  only.  An- 
thracite tonnages  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  are  given  elsewhere. 

Anthracite  carried  by  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  five  months  ended  May  31,  was 


379,494    tons    in    1909,    and    402,184    in 
1910;  increase,  22,690  tons. 

Bituminous-coal  shipments  over  the 
railroads  in  the  Ohio  Coal  Traffic  Asso- 
ciation for  the  five  months  ended  May 
31  were  5,468,729  short  tons  in  1909 
and  7,992,997  in  1910;  increase,  2,524,- 
268  tons,  or  46.2  per  cent.  Figures  by 
roads  for  May  are  not  yet  available. 


New  York 
Anthracite 

July  25 — There  is  a  little  spurt  of  buy- 
ing to  save  the  10c.  which  will  come 
of  the  summer  discounts  on  prepared 
sizes  on  Aug.  1.  Otherwise,  trade  is 
quiet. 

Schedule  prices  of  large  sizes  are  S4.55 
for  broken  and  S4.80  for  egg,  stove  and 
chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor 
points.  For  steam  sizes,  current  quota- 
tions are:  Pea,  $2.9501  3.25;  buckwheat, 
S2.15'a2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice, 
S1.65r^'2;  barley,  S1.35r,(  1.50;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Bituminous  _ 

More  business  is  being  done  and  sales  ■ 
are  increasing  as  the  month  closes;  but  a 
drop  is  expected  in  August.  This  ap- 
plies to  Eastern  and  general  trade.  New 
York  harbor  trade  and  barge  deliveries 
are  dull. 

Gas  coal  is  in  good  demand  and  sells 
at  prices  equivalent  to  95c.(?($l  at  mine 
for  H-in.,  85c.  for  run-of-mine,  and  60c. 
for  slack.  Good  Miller  vein  steam  coal 
brings  about  SI. 25  at  mine  and  prices 
run  up  to  SI. 45  for  George's  Creek.  Low- 
er-grade steam  coal  can  be  had  at  95c. 
Oi$\  at  mine  and  some  demurrage  coal 
has  been  sold  at  a  price  which  netted 
80c.   at  mine. 

Car  supply  is  good.  Transportation  is 
slow,  coal  taking  7  to  10  days,  in  some 
cases  14  days,  to  come  through  to  tide. 
The  mines  are  actively  at  work  as  a  rule, 
the  West  taking  a  good  deal  of  coal  from 
mines  which   usually  ship  to  tidewater. 

In  the  coastwise  trade  more  vessels  are 
to  be  had  and  rates  are  consequently 
lower.  From  Philadelphia  large  boats  get 
80f/90c.  to  Boston,  Salem  and  Portland, 
For  New  York  small  boats  can  be  had 
at  50''(60c.  to  points  around  Cape  Cod. 

Birmingham 

July  25 — There  is  no  end  to  the  activ- 
ity in  coal  in  the  Southern  territory  and 
the  production  is  larger  than  it  has  been 
at  nnv  time  this  year.  Recentlv  some 
handsome  orders  were   received   for  coal 


July  30,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


239 


for  use  during  the  next  eight  months  by 
some  of  the  big  railroad  systems.  Then 
New  Orleans  and  Louisiana  orders  of 
some  consequence  have  been  received 
recently  and  the  coal  operators  are  certain 
of  steady  work  through  the  balance  of 
the  year. 

There  is  a  steady  demand  for  coke  and 
the  production  is  being  increased  right 
along. 


Chicago 

July  26 — The  coal  market  continues 
firm  for  both  Western  and  Eastern  coals, 
with  prices  about  the  same  and  the  de- 
mand large  for  current  needs.  Hardly 
anybody -is  buying  coal  for  storage  pur- 
poses, at  present  prices  and  conditions 
of  production,  and  the  summer  require- 
ments of  steam  plants  are  being  met  as 
in  previous  weeks  very  largely  frpm  the 
Indiana  mines.  Eastern  coals  have  their 
partizans  among  users,  but  their  price 
puts  them  virtually  out  of  competition 
with  the  Indiana  or  Illinois  product  when 
either  or  both  can  be  obtained.  And  the 
summer  is  not  yet  far  enough  advanced 
for  buyers  as  a  class  to  become  uneasy 
over  a  possible  shortage  in  the  autumn 
months  To  all  appearances  the  current 
needs  of  this  market  could  be  supplied 
until  coal  weather  from  sources  of  sup- 
ply now  regularly  sending  their  coal  to 
Chicago. 

Screenings  continue  to  be  the  favorite 
size  of  Indiana  coal,  car  lots  bringing 
$I.95r,'2.15.  Run-of-mine  sells  for  S1.90 
(?( 2.05,  and  lump,  the  sale  of  which  is 
improving,  .?2''f(2.15.  Some  interest  is 
becoming  manifested  in  domestic  coals 
for  early  autumn  delivery,  but  it  is  more 
in  the  nature  of  inquiry  than  of  actual 
demand. 

Eastern  coals  bring  about  the  same 
prices  as  last  week,  smokeless  lump  sell- 
ing at  $3.55  and  run-of-mine  at  S3. 15, 
list  prices,  and  Hocking  holding  closely 
to  the  S3. 15  list  price.  The  demand  for 
Eastern  coals  is  well  met  by  shipments 
and  there  is  no  surplus  coal  of  any  kind 
on  the  tracks.  Anthracite  sales  light  and 
scattering. 

Cleveland 

July  25 — Lake  trade  is  improving. 
There  is  a  good  supply  of  boats  and  coal 
is  coming  to  the  ports  freely.  Local 
trade  is  quiet,  depending  mainly  on  the 
regular  contract  deliveries;  no  new  busi- 
ness. 

Prices  are  firm  and  unchanged.  Mid- 
dle district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland,  is  S2.15 
for  IM-in.;  S1.90  for  a^I-in.;  $1.80  for 
run-of-mine  and  $1.55''/  1.65  for  slack. 
No.  8  and  Cambridge  district  5  or  10c. 
higher.     Other  sorts  unchanged. 

Indianapolis 
July  25 — The   returns   of  the   referen- 
dum vote  of  the  miners  of  District  No.  1 1, 
the   bituminous    field    in    Indiana,   on   the 
question  of  accepting  or  rejecting  the  pro- 


posed fining  clause  are  almost  complete 
and  have  been  received  at  district  head- 
quartcis.  The  official  count  began  to- 
day. Acording  to  leading  members  of  the 
mineworkers  it  is  conceded  that  the  fining 
clause  as  agreed  upon  at  Terre  Haute 
conference  will  be  accepted  by  a  good 
majority.  This  will  relieve  the  Indiana 
situation  for  the  ne.\t  two  years. 


Pittsburg 

July  26— Demand  for  coal  continues 
fairly  good,  helped  to  an  extent  by  strikes 
in  other  districts.  Reports  are  that  more 
miners  are  at  work  in  the  Greensburg 
field  and  that  the  strike  there  may  be 
settled  shortly.  The  Lake  trade  is  hold- 
ing up  well,  although  the  pressure  is 
perhaps  not  as  great  as  was  expected. 
There  is  only  occasional  shading  of  prices 
and  we  continue  to  quote  the  market  at 
$1.20r<(  1.25  for  mine-run  and  nut,  $1.30 
r«  1.35  for  Vi-in.,  $1.50  for  domestic  \'A- 
in.  and  70rr/80c.  for  slack. 

Conneilsville  Coke — The  market  is 
very  quiet,  but  steady,  and  in  better  posi- 
tion statistically  than  before  July  1.  Since 
the  sharp  demand  for  prompt  furnace 
coke  which  arose  at  that  time  there  has 
been  little  if  any  good-grade  coke  on 
cars  pressing  for  sale,  and  altogether,  al- 
though production  is  as  heavy  as  in  May 
and  June  while  general  consumption  of 
coke  is  less,  the  Conneilsville  position  is 
steady,  presumably  because,  as  usual 
when  Conneilsville  coke  is  cheap,  some 
consumers  have  changed  from  other 
grades  to  Conneilsville.  We  note  two 
sales  of  prompt  furnace  coke  in  the  past 
week  at  $1.70,  one  of  1500  tons  and  the 
other  of  50  cars.  Foundries  are  slow  in 
closing  and  the  Standard  Sanitary  busi- 
ness, the  largest  under  negotiation,  hangs 
fire.  A  small  contract  for  the  twelve- 
month has  been  put  through  at  $2.25.  We 
quote  standard  grades  per  net  ton: 
Prompt  furnace,  $1.65'((  1.70;  contract 
furnace  (nominal)  S1.75(f/ 1.85;  prompt 
foundry,  $2.10r((  2.25;  contract  foundry, 
$2.25'''/  2.50  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Conneilsville  and  lower  Conneils- 
ville region  in  the  week  ended  July  16  at 
404,543  tons,  and  shipments  at  4020  cars 
to  Pittsburg,  5627  cars  to  points  west 
and  898  cars  to  points  east,  a  total  of 
10,545  cars. 

St.  Louis 

July  25 — A  decidedly  firmer  tone  has 
been  noticed  in  the  coal  market  during 
the  past  two  days.  While  prices  remain 
practically  unchanged,  everyone  seems 
to  be  sold  up  on  all  sizes  and  coal  is 
hard  to  get. 

The  Carterville  and  Springfield  district 
operators  and  miners  are  having  another 
meeting  to  try  to  settle  the  strike;  how- 
ever, reports  indicate  that  very  little  pro- 
gress is  being  made.  Even  should  a 
settlement  be  effected,  it  will  take  two 
weeks  at  least  for  the  Carterville  district 


to  get  running.  The  district  called  cut 
the  engineers,  and  owners  have  been 
forced  to  take  care  of  the  mines  as 
best  they  could;  consequently  this  pro- 
hibited any  improvements  and  the  min;s 
are  not  up  to  the  requirements  of  the 
new  State  law.  For  this  reason  it  will 
be  some  time  before  they  can  pass  t'  e 
State  inspectors'  examination.  The  rail- 
roads are  all  bare  of  coal  and  are  buy- 
ing freely;  their  stocks  are  low  and  they 
are  only  getting  enough  to  supply  their 
daily  needs.  This  is  practically  taking 
all  the  coal  that  is  being  produced.  With 
all  mines  that  are  open  running  to  full 
capacity,  the  supply  seems  to  be  a  trifle 
behind  the  demand  now;  consequently 
it  would  take  a  very  small  increase  in 
demand  to  shoot  the  price  up. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 

St. 
Illinois,  Standarfl:  Mine.     I.ouis. 

6-in.  hiinp  ami  eKE SI. 40     .SI   92 

2-in.  lump  aiul  nut 1 .0.'J        1   r»7 

Mine-nin 1.00       1   ."i2 

•Screenings 0.95       1 .47 


Trenton: 

(5-in.  lump  and  ese. 

:i-in.  nut 

1-in.  nut 


Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  liinrj 

2-in.  nut '. 

Mine-rn  i 

ScreeninKs 


Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg. 

.3-in.  nut 

Mine-run 

•Screenings 


Pocahonta.s  and  New  River: 
Lump  or  egg 

Mine-nin 


1.90  2.42 
1 .  .iO  2  .  02 
1 .  20        1 .  72 


1.70  2.22 

1.60  2    12 

1.50  2.02 

1 .  .50  2  .  02 


1.60  2.27 

1.50  2.17 

1,30  1.97 

1.30  1.97 


1 . 50       4 . 00 
1.10       3.65 


6. 7,5 
6.50 


.35 


5.40 
1 .  50 
1.15 


Penns.vlvania  Anthracite: 

Nut .  .stove  or  egg 

Grate 

.\rkan.sas  .\nthracite: 

Eek  or  grate 3.35 

Coke: 

Conneilsville  foundry 

Gas  house 

Smit  lung 

Screenings  are  in  much  better  shape 
this  week  than  last.  The  Chicago  mar- 
ket has  stiffened  up  again  and  is  taking 
all  the  screenings  that  will  go  there  on 
a  90c.  rate.  This  has  relieved  the  St. 
Louis  market  of  about  one-third  of  the 
screenings  that  are  being  produced  in 
Illinois. 


FOREIGN- COAL-TRADE  ^^ 


German  Coal  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  fuel  in  German  Empire,  five 
months  ended  May  31,  metric  tons: 

Exiiorts.  Imports.  Excess. 

Cool 8,«94.W.5  a.aM .0.^.4  E.tp.    4.!)4;!.17I 

Brown  coal. . .        'i'.  242  3,(MH.jo.i  Imp.    3.ii2i].!>«3 

Coke l,r,lll,r>73  262,825  Exp.    1,;«7.748 

BrlquBls 713.(1(10  00.874  Exp.       022.788 


Total 11.244.3(X)      7,.')41..'i58     Exp.    3.902.742 

Total.  HWJ..  10.(132,557      7,885.937      Exp.    2.74fi.G20 

Included  in  the  coke  exports  this  year 
were  27,219  tons  to  the  United  States. 

Spanish  Imports^lmpons  of  coal  into 
Spain,  five  months  ended  May  31,  were 
901,960  tons,  a  decrease  of  32,948  tons; 
imports  of  coke,  104,793,  a  decrease  of 
18,266  tons. 


240 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


S  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW  R 


New  York,  July  27 — The  iron  and  steel 
trades  generally  show  very  little  change 
from  the  last  report.  The  reductions  in 
price  noted  last  week  were  only  nominal, 
really  only  a  recognition  of  shading  that 
had  been  going  on  for  weeks. 

Pig-iron  buying  has  been  slow  and 
only  for  short  deliveries.  Most  furnaces 
still  hold  to  higher  prices  for  future  de- 
liveries, and  buyers  do  not  seem  willing 
to  contract  on  that  basis,  believing  that 
prices  may  go  lower  still.  At  any  rate, 
they  are  willing  to  take  the  chances. 

In  finished  material  there  has  not  been 
much  new  business  outside  of  structural 
steel.  Many  small  orders  for  buildings 
and  bridges  are  coming  in,  and  they  make 
up  a  pretty  good  total.  The  mills  are 
keeping  up  to  about  the  same  load  as  for 
two  months  past,  but  hardly  increasing 
their  tonnage. 

Export  business  is  reported  pretty 
good,  especially  in  rails  and  structural 
steel. 

An  important  order,  for  which  Ameri- 
can, German  and  British  mills  will  com- 
pete, is  that  for  the  steel  for  the  Quebec 
bridge.  The  bids  will  be  in  about  Sept.  1 
and  it  is  understood  that  there  will  be  a 
sharp  competition  for  the  contract.  About 
65,000  tons  of  steel  will  be  required;  the 
bulk  of  the  order  and  the  special  re- 
quirements for  the  steel  have  aroused 
much  interest. 

United  States  Steel  Corporation — The 
statement  for  the  quarter  ended  June  30, 
made  public  today,  is  as  follows: 

Net  Earnings:                        I'.HI'.l.  llllil. 

April $    s.ltKl,-i«  $lU,4U,'.i.-ir, 

May ii.tiOl.'iUH  l:i.-JJ'.i.Asii 

June.-. ll,.51(;,uiii  i:i,.5jii,71.-) 


Total  net,  3  moB. 


.  $2i).34il,4'.ll     $4(],17II,'.IC,(I 


Depreciation,  replacement,  etc 

Interest  n,nil  sinking  tunils 


$(l,J'J(i,-i(».") 
7.311,1)62 

Total  charges $13,ll(U,iri7 

Surplus $'2C..."iiiii.7ii3 

Dividends $12,t);)S.7lHl 

New  projjerty  and  additions. 7,.'>(i(l,(i(K) 

Total  appi-oprlations $2(1.1SS,7()0 

Undivided  balance $  Ii.lll,:l!i3 

Dividends  were  l-H  per  cent,  on  pre- 
ferred and  1  "i  on  common  stock.  For 
the  half  year  ended  June  30  the  net  earn- 
ings were  S77,787,7,3(i,  or  S25,52ti,077 
more  than  in  the  first  half  of  1909.  Un- 
filled orders  on  the  books  June  30  were 
4,2.S7,794  tons,  being  1,144,720  tons  less 
than  on  March  31  and  1,669,237  tons 
less  than  on  Dec.  31,  1909;  but  199,755 
tons  more  than  on  June  30  of  last  year. 

Baltimore 

July  25  Exports  for  the  week  in- 
cluded 1642  tons  steel  rails  and  368,492 
lb.  rail  joints  to  Tampico,  Mex.;  2301 
tons  structural  and  other  steel  to  Panama. 
Imports  included  1685  tons  ferromangan- 
ese  and  ,^000  inns  iron  ore  from  Great 
Britain;  30,400  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

July  25 — The  plans  of  curtailment  now 
in  effect  in  Alabama  may  have  a  good 
effect  on  the  Southern  pig-iron  market. 
Just  as  soon  as  the  demand  takes  up 
the  accumulated  stocks  a  better  condition 
all  around  can  be  expected.  So  far,  the 
month  has  been  disappointing.  The  iron 
manufacturers  in  this  section  have  not 
lost  hope,  but  are  looking  forward  to 
the  next  fortnight  for  a  change  in  the 
general  conditions.  The  accumulated 
stocks  of  iron  will  care  for  the  business 
that  is  looked  for  during  the  next  month, 
no  matter  how  big  an  improvement  there 
is  in  the  demand.  Prominent  iron  men 
say  that  as  soon  as  the  production  and 
demand  is  regulated  there  will  be  a 
change  for  the  better.  The  iron  quota- 
tions in  the  Southern  territory  are  around 
$11.50  per  ton.  No.  2  foundry,  though  re- 
ports are  still  heard  of  $11.25  and  SU 
per  ton  for  spot  and  S12  for  delivery 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  year. 

There  is  no  improvement  noted  in  the 
steel  situation  in  the  Southern  territory. 
Basic  and  charcoal  irons  are  in  a  better 
demand  than  the  foundry  iron. 

Chicago 

July  26 — The  iron  market  is  very  quiet. 
Buying  of  pig  iron  is  at  its  lowest  stage 
for  several  weeks.  "Summer  quiet"  ex- 
plains something  of  it,  but  a  greater 
cause  probably  is  the  feeling,  commonly 
expressed  by  melters  of  pig  iron,  that 
too  much  of  their  raw  material  is  being 
produced  and  prices  must  rule  lower  un- 
less production  is  curtailed.  Every  melt- 
er  feels  that  it  is  good  policy  to  buy  in 
small  quantities,  for  the  needs  of  not 
more  than  90  days  ahead.  Some  con- 
tracts are  being  made  for  1911  deliveries 
and  inquiries  for  such  iron  are  numerous, 
showing  that  the  trade  is  keeping  close 
watch  on  the  trend  of  the  market.  But 
actual  sales  for  anything  farther  ahead 
than  three  months  are  few. 

Quotations  continue  unchanged — 
S16.50r„  17  for  Northern  and  S11.50rr(12, 
Birmingham  (S15.85r((  10.35,  Chicago^ 
for  Southern  No.  2  being  the  rule  for 
early  deliveries.  The  furnace  agents  are 
still  unwilling  to  quote  these  prices  for 
1911  delivery,  asking  25  or  50c.  more. 
Some  Southern,  indeed,  is  said  to  be  ob- 
tainable at  "^11.25,  but  .'^11.50  is  probably 
had  on  nearly  all  the  early-delivery  sales. 
Northern  iron  is  relatively  stronger  than 
Southern. 

Cleveland 

/i//j|  25 — The  iron-ore  movement  con- 
tinues large,  the  boats  in  commission  be- 
ing   fully   occupied.      No    sales    reported. 

Pig  Iron — Inquiries  received  and  trans- 
actions closed  have  been  small.  The  dif- 
ferences among  sellers  continues,  some 
being  willing  to  make  concessions,  while 
others  hold  to  their  prices.  Bessemer 
pig  is  quoted  S 1 6.25 (r/;  16.50;  No.  2  foun- 


dry, S14.25r„  14.75;  forge,  SHfr;  14.25; 
Lake  Superior  charcoal,  S18.50fi)  19,  all 
Cleveland  delivery. 

Finished  Material — A  little  more  inter- 
est is  evident,  and  some  fair  sales  of 
plates  have  been  made.  Several  small 
contracts  for  structural  steel  are  re- 
ported; also  for  plates,  the  latter  on  a 
basis  of  1.37' J  f<(  1. 40c.,  Pittsburg.  There 
is  more  inquiry  for  bar  iron.  Steel  bars 
are  firmer  at  1.45c.  Pittsburg  base.  Steel 
bars  are  selling  at  about  1.85c.  out  of 
store,  and  the  store  trade  in  Cleveland 
ttrritory  is  improving. 

Philadelphia 

July  27 — The  only  interest  manifested 
in  the  market  this  week  is  in  basic  iron, 
and  large  sales  are  on  the  point  of  be- 
ing made.  Prices  have  weakened  in  West- 
ern markets  and  the  weakness  is  reflected 
here.  The  volume  of  pending  transactions 
is  only  guessed  at  and  there  may  be  a 
slip  at  the  last  moment  which  will  re- 
duce sales  to  unimportant  figures.  Brok- 
ers and  makers  report  quite  a  number  of 
small  sales  of  foundry  and  forge.  Con- 
sumers are  not  inclined  to  risk  the  plac- 
ing of  large  orders.  Users  of  malleable 
iron  have  been  taking  a  little  more  for 
later  delivery  at  concessions  recently  ex- 
tended. Good-sized  contracts  for  iron  for 
pipe-making  purposes  have  been  placed, 
with  deliveries  in  two  or  three  cases  to 
extend  well  up  to  the  end  of  the  year.  No. 
2  X  foundry  is  quoted  at  SlOfa  16.50; 
giay  forge  at  SI 5.25 fi/  15.50  and  basic  at 
SI 5.50  per  ton. 

Steel  Billets — Large  transactions  are 
said  to  be  pending  and  the  underlying 
fact  appears  to  be  that  if  the  prices  of- 
fered are  accepted  the  sales  will  be  made. 
Prices  are  weak  at  the  recent  drop. 

Bars — An  improved  tone  is  reported 
and  a  few  fair-sized  orders  for  early  de- 
livery have  been  placed.     Prices  are  weak. 

Sheets — Manufacturers  report  an  ac- 
tive July  demand  in  small  lots  for  im- 
mediate delivery.  It  is  understood  that 
stocks  are   low  in  stores. 

Structural  Material — Orders  for  bridge 
material  have  just  been  placed,  most  of 
it  being  wanted  as  early  as  September. 
Current  quotations  have  reached  the  low- 
est point  probable. 

Scrap — The  scrap  market  is  practically 
dead  this  week.  Dealers  are  on  the  war 
path  for  special  lines  of  scrap,  chiefly 
heavy  melting  steel  and  heavy  cast. 

Pittsburg  J 

July  26— The  general  feeling  in  the 
trade  is  that  too  much  pig  iron  is  being 
made,  but  this  applies  only  to  merchant 
grades.  The  steel  interests  have,  if  any- 
thing, reduced  their  stocks  of  pig  iron 
and  they  are  accumulating  no  semi-fin- 
ished or  finished  steel,  the  entire  pig-iron 
production  of  steel  interests  being  rep- 
resented   in    current    shipments    of   steel. 

,1 


July  30,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


241 


There  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  these 
are,  at  the  moment,  materially  below  the 
actual  rate  of  ultimate  consumption. 
There  are  still  large  stocks  of  merchant 
steel  pipe  in  the  hands  of  some  jobbers, 
who  are  drawing  upon  them.  Jobbers' 
stocks  in  other  lines  are  probably  down 
to  normal,  but  shipments  are  still  at  a 
reduced  rate  to  some  manufacturing  con- 
sumers, like  automobile  and  agricul- 
tural implement  makers,  whose  m- 
ventories  require  a  long  time.  It 
is  common  talk  in  the  steel  trade, 
however,  that  the  automobile  business 
has  been  badly  overdone  and  the  hopes 
(or  large  consumption  in  the  future  are 
being  centered  around  the  motor  truck, 
the  growing  use  of  which  is  regarded  as 
a  strictly  business  proposition.  As  to 
merchant  pig  iron,  the  outlook  is  that 
production  will  have  to  be  restricted  fur- 
ther in  order  to  work  off  stocks,  but  as 
to  steel,  the  outlook  is  that  production 
will  have  to  be  increased. 

Prices  for  steel  products  show  no  ad- 
vance, but  very  little  declining  tendency. 
The  shading  in  sheets  has  perhaps  be- 
come a  trifle  more  general,  but  tinplates 
are  firmly  held  and  steel  bars,  at  1.45c., 
Pittsburg,  are,  if  anything,  firmer  than  30 
days  ago,  for  the  shading  of  SI  a  ton  in 
the  Chicago  district  seems  to  have  disap- 
peared. Bars,  indeed,  are  higher  than 
plates  and  shapes,  as  these  have  lately 
declined  to  1.40c.,  Pittsburg. 

Pig  Iron — Alice  furnace,  at  Sharps- 
ville,  will  blow  out  by  the  end  of  this 
week,  and  this  will  leave  10  of  the  21 
merchant  furnaces  in  the  Valleys  in  op- 
eration: Cherry  Valley  and  McKeefrey, 
at  Leetonia,  and  one  Andrews  &  Hitch- 
cock, at  Hubbard,  on  foundry  iron,  Stew- 
art, at  Sharon,  on  low  phosphorus,  and 
Brier  Hill  and  Youngstown  Steel,  at 
Youngstown,  Struthers.  at  Struthers,  and 
three  Shenango,  at  Sharpsville,  on  besse- 
iner  and  basic.  A  lot  of  about  10,000  tons 
of  basic  pig  has  been  sold  at  S14,  Valley, 
the  whole  lot  to  be  paid  for  cash.  Occa- 
sional sales  of  No.  2  foundry  in  small 
lots  are  made  at  S14.50,  Valley,  and  this 
is  the  quotable  market,  although  any 
large  business  would  presumably  develop 
a  somewhat  lower  price.  Bessemer  has 
become  purely  nominal,  with  no  recent 
sales  to  test  the  market.  We  quote  at 
Valley  furnaces,  90c.  higher  delivered 
Pittsburg;  Bessemer,  S15.50;  basic, 
Sl4.25r„  14. .SO;  No.  2  foundry,  S14.50; 
forge,  Sl.3,75;  malleable,  Sl,s  per  ton. 

FcrromanRancsc — The  market  contin- 
ues dull  and  quotable  at  S39r</ 39.50  for 
prompt  and  .S39.50c<;  40  for  forward,  f.o.b. 
Baltimore,  freight  to  Pittsburg  being 
S1.95  per  ton. 

Steel  -Ihn  market  has  become  slightly 
softer  and  previous  quotations  are  large- 
ly nominal,  awaiting  important  inquiry  to 
test  the  market.  We  quote  prices  nomin- 
allv  at  S25  for  bessemer  billets  and  S26 
for  open-hearth,  with  sheet  bars  Sir,,  1.50 


higher  than  billets  and   rods  at  S29(f/30, 
all    f.o.b.    Pittsburg. 

Sheets— k  curious  position  is  pre- 
sented in  the  sheet  market.  Nearly  a 
month  ago  the  shading  of  the  regular  of- 
ficial prices  of  the  American  Sheet  and 
Tin  Plate  Company  by  some  independents 
reached  .S3  a  ton  on  black  and  .S4  on  gal- 
vanized sheets,  with  similar  shading  on 
painted  and  galvanized  corrugated  roof- 
ing. Since  then  this  cutting  has  extended 
to  the  majority  of  independents,  but  the 
American  company  insists  that  it  is  not 
deviating  from  its  regular  prices,  al- 
though it  admits  this  puts  its  customers 
in  an  undesirable  position.  Many  in  the 
trade  at  large  have  professed  the  belief 
that  the  market  is  secretly  being  met. 
Eventually  a  cut  deeper  than  the  present 
shading  by  independents,  may  be  made  by 
the  leading  interest.  Meanwhile  we  quote 
the  prices  of  the  leading  interest  at  2.40c. 
for  black.  3.50c.  for  galvanized.  SI. 70  for 
painted  corrugated  roofing  and  .S3  for  gal- 
vanized corrugated  roofing,  with  cutting 
by  many  independents  of  S3  on  black  and 
S4  on  galvanized  material.  Blue  an- 
nealed sheets  remain  quotable  at  the  reg- 
ular price  of   1.75c.  for   10  gage. 


g||  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE  1[^ 


German  Iron  Production— The  Ger- 
man Iron  and  Steel  Union  reports  the 
make  of  pig  iron  in  May  at  1,261.735 
metric  tons,  being  59.618  tons  more  than 
in  April.  The  daily  average  was  40.070 
tons  in  April  and  40,701  in  May,  an  in- 
crease of  631  tons,  or  1.6  per  cent.  For 
the  five  months  ended  May  31  the  total 
output   was.   in   metric  tons: 


I'.Mt'.l. 

F')iilnlry  Iron i)44,->i;iO 

Fci-jjo  Iron 2ii3,;iS2 

Sti'Kl  pis 447,.i85 

Hi'HSdmcr  plK 172. 42.5 

Tliiiiiias(ba8lc)pJg    3,;!27.47t) 


llllll. 

CI 

aii^H.s. 

l.Ui.'.l.il 
2Hii,47i; 
.537.niii; 
2110,1111 

3.814,:)2« 

I. 
D. 
I. 
I. 
I. 

■-'l)il.7.'.l 
I2,'.iiir. 

M',l,.ill 

33. iw."-, 
4sr,,H.')2 

Pllll. 


o.ls.-,.ui)8      .5,982,'.ir,l      I.      7!l7,Hn3 


nil  M-ETAL-  MARKETS  \\r) 


^'ru'  York,  July  27— The  metal  mar- 
kets do  not  show  any  notable  change; 
though  there  has  been  more  activity  in 
copper.  Prices  show  no  material 
changes. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 

LMTKIi     ST.VTKS     lilll.Il     .\M)     SII.VKK      MilVI;>Ii:NT 


MpIbI. 

E-x  ports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

G"M: 

Jiiiit*  I'.im. . 

i'.iii*.i.. 

Mi-iu-  mill.. 

"     I'.iii'.i,. 

tl,.-i9S,:«7 

s.34ll.44fi 

4'.),.',ll'.,731 

i13.m:14,337 

%  4,.57.V.n7 

2,3ll7,73."i 

19.38S..^,31 

2l).l:t5..'i'.r> 

Imp.»  2,977,-1-0 

E.tp.      .■..978,711 

3l).128.21Hl 

43,1V,1K.74.5 

SUv.r: 

•lUlli'  I'.llll.  . 

imm.. 

Yeai-  lulu.. 

■■     1009.. 

4..-|H7.:W3 

5..'ill.'i,ll;l7 

27,054,218 

2!1.3.W.li«fi 

3.308,171 

4.;«9,275 

21.901,.i20 

22.872,028 

Exp.      1,279,212 
l.li;.->,7C.2 
.■..I.->2,fi98 
(•.,487,i;38 

i:x|iiiils  Irnm  the  pint  of  .Now  York,  wci'k 
I'lul.'d  .liil.v  j:! :  Cold.  ST4II :  slhpr.  $I.L'.->T.ii!i:! 
ihli'ti.v  In  London.  Imports:  (;old.  $1..S'J('..'.'47. 
ohli'Il.v  fniin  London :  sllvor.  .S:i7.-."ili.  frnni 
111!'    \Vi'.,.c    Inillfs    and    ('I'nlriil    .Vnipiliii. 


Void — The  premium  paid  for  gold  on 
the  open  market  in  London  last  week 
has  disappeared,  and  prices  are  again 
77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for  bars,  and  76s.  5d. 
per  oz.  for  American  coin.  About  S2,000,- 
000  was  taken  for  shipment  to  New- 
York;  most  of  the  rest  of  the  supply  was 
taken   for  Berlin. 

Platinum — Business  is  on  a  small 
scale,  but  prices  are  unchanged.  Deal- 
ers quote  S33  per  oz.  for  refined  plati- 
num and  .S37.50r(/38  per  oz.  for  hard 
metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes, 
under  date  of  July  7,  that  a  further  con- 
siderable increase  in  prices  for  the  last 
week  is  to  be  noted.  The  production  of 
this  year  does  not  seem  to  correspond  to 
the  increasing  demand  from  abroad. 
From  Ekaterinburg  it  is  reported  that 
dealers  and  producers  abstain  from  sales, 
expecting  yet  higher  prices.  The  metal 
is  quoted  at  Ekaterinburg,  7.40  rubles 
per  zolotnik — S27.82  per  oz.;  in  St.  Pe- 
tersburg 29.0n0r„  29.500  rubles  per  pood 
for  crude  platinum,  83  per  cent,  metal — 
$28.67  per  oz.,  average. 

Sili'er — The  squeeze  on  spot  silver  has 
relaxed  and  as  a  consequence,  quota- 
tions in  London  has  fallen  nearer  to  the 
equivalent  of  the   Bombay  price. 


SILVER    A.VD    STf;Rl.INIi 

E.XCH.VNOE 

.lul.v. 

21 

22 

23 

25 

26 

27 

.\i-w  Y.irk.... 

London 

Sterling  Ex. . 

5*?.' 

25V4- 
4.8555 

54>a' 

25A 

4.8535 

54  Ji 

25  5,- 

4.8.5ni 

54  Ji 

26 

4.8565 

247, 
4.8.mi 

53  Ji 
24|i 

4.8.545 

New  York*<|iiotaliiins.  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
line  sih'er :  Loudon,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver,   ii.fl2o   fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  July  14,  reported  by 
Messrs.   Pixley  &  Abell: 

1909.  1910.            Changes. 

India £3,317,800  £3,.ir,9,.-|0fl  I.    £    2.51.700 

China 1,1,56,1IH)  1,113.500  D.            41,tiOU 

S'ralls 82,800  D.  82,800 

Total £4.3.55.700      £4.083,000      I.    £    127,300 

India  Council  bills  in  London  sold  at 
an   average   of  6d.   per   rupee. 


Foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States, 
six  months  ended  June  30,  as  valued  by 
the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department  of 
Commerce  and  Labor: 

Merchandise : 

E.\porl.s 

Imports 


I'.HW.  1910. 

787.973,170     t    8ll4,740.7a8 
717.!I97,382  SIKI,331.422 


Excess,  OX  |x>rts S     i;9,973,788    t      4,1119.300 

Add  excess  of  exports,  silver 3. 132.098 

Add  o.xcess  of  exports,  gold ;to, 128,200 


Total  export  halanco $     39.i;90,204 

The  movement  of  gold  and  silver  in  de- 
tail will  be  found  in  the  table  at  the  head 
of  this  column. 


Gold    and   silver  movement    in   Great 

Britain,  six  months  ended  June  30: 

Imports.  Exports.          Excess. 

Oold  £32.832,281  £22.11l'..138  Tmp.£lll,716.I43 

Gold.  1909...    29.073.311  19,.572.1.58  Imp.     9..5II3,:153 

Silver 7,0IM,O'jr.  i;,2JB,4(«  Imp.         "7,823 

Sliver.  1909       II  .389  24ii  |1.IH3,189   Exp.         223.»13 


242 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Cpppor. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

si 

a 

^ 

■?s 

«■£ 

3 

So 

15 

u 

03 

s 

p. 

Is 

.  Vi 

i2y. 

12« 

4.40 

4.30 

4.97* 

•21 

©12;. 

©la-iS 

ss,', 

32% 

©4.45 

©4.32J 

©5.02} 

ViV, 

12  !„ 

4.40 

4.30 

4.97i 

22 

(a!V2^ 

©12Ji 

64U 

323i 

©4.45 

©4.325 

©5. 02  J 

12;, 

12!,' 

4.40 

4.30 

4.97i 

23 

m-i% 

©12>i 

.... 

32  ?4 

©4.46 

©4.32i 

©5.02i 

12>i 

12M 

4.40 

4.32J 

6.00 

25 

ffil2?e 

(SW/, 

84,», 

»2>i 

©4.45 

©4.35 

©6.06 

12  Jj 

12', 

4.40 

4.32,1 

5.00 

■26 

®12?. 

®12?. 

6-l,V 

32Ji 

©4.45 

©4.35 

©5  05 

12  >j 

12  >, 

4.40 

4.321 

6.00 

27 

©12  *a 

©12?', 

64  >i 

325, 

©4.46 

©4,35  1©5.05 

London  quotations  are  per  long  ton  CiliiO 
lb.)  standard  copper.  The  New  York  imota- 
fions  for  electrol.vtic  copper  are  for  cakes, 
ingots  and  wlreliars,  and  represent  the  bulk 
of  tlie  transactions  made  with  consumers, 
basis  New  York,  cash.  The  prices  of  casting 
copper  and  of  electrol.vtic  cathodes  are 
usually  (I.TJ-'ic.  below  that  of  electrolytic. 
The  quotations  for  lead  represent  wholesale 
transactions  in  the  open  market.  The  quota- 
tions on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  Western 
brands  :    special   lirnnds   command   a   premium. 


Copper — The  intimations  as  to  prob- 
able curtailment  of  production  that  be- 
came public  last  week  induced  some  buy- 
ing, and  rather  large  transactions  were 
consummated  on  July  21  and  22,  after 
which  there  was  a  lull,  followed  by  re- 
newed interest  on  July  27.  The  trans- 
actions were  both  for  domestic  and 
foreign  account,  chiefly  the  latter.  The 
market  was  somewhat  irregular,  some 
transactions  being  carried  through  at 
\2y2C.,  delivered,  corresponding  to  about 
12.30r«  12.35c.,  cash,  New  York,  and  a 
trifle  lower,  while  other  business  was 
done  at  12,'-8C.,  delivered.  The  market 
improved  in  tone  upon  the  announce- 
ment by  the  Utah  Copper  Company  that 
it  would  curtail  its  production.  The 
market  for  Lake  copper  during  the  week 
of  July  21-27  was  dull.  At  the  close 
Lake  copper  is  quoted  at  \2]< (it  \2^i.c.; 
electrolytic  copper  in  cakes,  wirebars  and 
ingots  at  12' x ''"  12ixc.,  and  casting  cop- 
per is  nominally  quoted  at  \2((i  I2;4 
cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  \S(ii  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

On  July  21  the  London  market  took  a 
sudden  turn,  due  to  the  rumors  of  cur- 
tailment, and  reached  its  high  point  at 
£55  Is.  3d.  for  spot  and  £55  13s.  9d.  for 
three  months.  Since  then,  owing  to  bear 
selling  and  to  the  weak  stock  exchanges, 
it  has  declined,  but  closes  firm  at  £54 
10s.  for  spot  and  £55  2s.  6d.  for  three 
months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
quote:  English  tough,  £56  10s.;  best 
selected,  £58''<(58  10s.;  strong  sheets. 
fiBfil/  f)7  per  ton, 

Henry  R.  Merton  &  Co.,  under  date  of 
July  16,  state  that  a  fair  quantity  of  the 


copper  put  on  the  market  has  been  ab- 
sorbed by  the  trade,  and  deliveries  from 
public   warehouses   promise  to   be   good. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  5811  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1037  tons.  - 

Tin — The  London  market  still  remains 
very  dull  and  transactions  small.  The 
close  is  cabled  at  £149  5s.  for  spot  and 
£150  7s.  6d.  for  three  months. 

The  spot  and  July  position  is  becoming 
very  acute  in  this  market.  Dealers  who 
have  still  to  cover  July  requirements  find 
it  difficult  to  do  so,  and  were  forced  to 
pay  a  premium  up  to  Ic.  per  lb.  against 
August  delivery.  On  July  26,  33'/c.  was 
bid  and  34c.  asked  for  July  delivery.  For 
August  the  market  closes  at  about  32S;sC. 
per  pound. 

Lead — Spot  and  near-by  shipments 
seem  to  be  scarce.  The  reason  for  this 
must  be  sought  in  the  very  hot  weather 
which  prevents  regular  work  at  the  re- 
fineries and  shipments  naturally  decrease. 
The  close  is  firm  at  4.32' irt;  4.35c.,  St. 
Louis,  and  4.40f<i  4.45c.,  New  York. 

The  London  bears  have  been  success- 
fully depressing  the  market  and  it  closes 
easy  at  £12  8s.  9d.  for  Spanish,  and  £12 
lis.  3d.  for  English  lead. 

Spelter — While  the  demand  has  not 
been  enlarged,  the  offers,  on  the  other 
hand,  were  also  small  and  producers  are 
asking  higher  prices,  which  are  being 
paid  especially  for  near-by  delivery.  The 
market  closes  at  Sr^  5.05c.,  St.  Louis,  and 
5. 15r,(  ,5.20c..  New  York. 

New  York  quotations  for  spelter,  July 
21-23,  inclusive,  were  5.12'/,r((  5.17!/.c.; 
July  25-27,  inclusive,  5.15rr(5.20  cents. 

The  demand  on  the  part  of  foreign 
consuiTiers  has  again  become  quite  active 
and  a  good  business  is  reported  from  the 
London  market,  which  closes  firm  at  £22 
12s.  6d.  for  good  ordinaries,  and  £22  17s. 
6d.  for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 


domestic  orders  and  $2  less  for  export. 
The  London  price  is  £8  15s.  per  flask, 
v/ith  £8   12s.  6d.  quoted  by  jobbers. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40^(1 45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
r(/70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York;  according  to  quality  of  metal. 

Bismuth — The  price  of  bismuth  has  re- 
cently been  advanced  and  the  metal  is 
now  quoted  by  Johnson  &  Matthey,  who 
handle  it  in  England,  at  7s.  6d.~$1.80— 
per  lb.   in   London. 


Other  Metals 


Zinc  and  Lead    Ore    Markets 

Joplin,  Mo.,  July  23 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  $44.70, 
on  a  base  of  S41  per  ton  of  60  per  cent. 
zinc.  From  this  the  base  ranged  down  to 
$38.  Zinc  silicate  ore  sold  on  a  base  of 
$20r</23  per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The 
average  price,  all  grades  of  zinc  ore,  was 
$36.54.  Lead  maintains  the  same  steady 
prices,  there  being  no  change  for  sever- 
al weeks,  with  ores  of  80  per  cent,  and 
better  selling  at  $49  per  ton  and  shading 
down  at  the  rate  of  SI   per  ton  for  each 

SlIII'MrC.VTS,    WEEK   EXDEn  .TTLY   ^IX 


Aluminum — The  market  continues  quiet 
both  here  and  abroad,  and  demand  is 
less  pressing  than  it  has  been.  Prices  are 
again  a  shade  off,  22.i4rr(23c.  per  lb.  be- 
ing quoted  for  No.  1  ingots  in  large  lots. 
New  York. 

Antimony — Business  is  still  light,  and 
in  the  absence  of  large  sales  there  is 
nominally  no  change  In  prices.  Cook- 
son's  Is  quoted  at  8.15(r(8.20c.  per  lb. 
Other  prices  are  Ti<!.(a8c.  for  U.  S.;  7;4 
OtiysC.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  remains  rather 
quiet,  but  prices  are  unchanged.  New 
York  quotations  are  $47  per  flask  for 
75  lb.  for  large  orders;  $48r,/49  for  job- 
bing lots.    San  Francisco,  $46f((  46.50  for 


Zinc,  lb   Lead  lb.    Value, 


Webb  City-CartorvlUe 

Ji^plin 

Granby  

Dueuweg 

Alba-Nock 

Galena 

Spurgeon 

IMiaiui 

Badger 

I'artliage 

Sarcoxie 

*  "nvr-  Springs 

("arl  Junctifm 

Quapaw 

Stott  City  

Greenfield 


3.823, 

2.193, 

1.127, 

.531 

455, 

342, 

405, 

390, 

263, 

180, 

130, 

121, 

80, 

70 

(',3, 


810 
430 
330 
470 
170 
400 
,930 
.420 
,310 
.900 
,750 
,720 
960 
,370 
.7211 
80 


T.  .tals 10.223,590  1,293,130  $218,361 


699.660 

313.360 

15,920 

60,330 


49,320 
74.600 
62,360 


3,0 


14,700 


t89.791 
51,467 
16,565 
10,748 
9.7861 
7,7(0,1 
7,689i 
5.431] 
5.297' 

3.83a' 

2.liU 
2,385 
1.700 
1,688 
1.210 
367 


30  weeks 327.820.460  48.833,900    $7,746,899 

Zlue  value,  the  week.  $18r,,818  ;    30  weeks,  $r>.488..'t98 
Lead  value,  tlie  week,      31.533:    30  weeks,    1.257.5111 


MONTHLY 

.\  \'  K 

tA(;p 

I'UU 

'■■-S. 

ZINC  OKE. 

Lead  obe. 

Month. 

Base  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

190i). 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

r(it)ruary.... 

March 

April 

M  av 

$41.25 
3(1.94 
37.40 
38.63 
40.  or, 
44.15 
43.06 
48.25 
47.70 
49.50 
61.31 
49.45 

$47.31 
40,69 
43.60 
41.IH1 
40.19 
40.20 

$38.46 
34.37 
.34.71 
37.01 
37,42 
40.36 
41,11 
44.54 
44.87 
46.75 
48.29 
47.57 

$46.16 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
,37.61 
37.83 

$52.17 
50.I-.0 
50.82 
55.l'.3 
60,69 
67.62 
63.74 
67,60 
66,11 
B6,02 
53.94 
55,26 

$56.99 
53 ,  M 
51  26 
4'.i  72 
48.16 

48.80 

.Inly 

August 

Si»i)t(miber  . . 

Octobi'r 

Novombel'.. . 
Decc^nibor. . . 

Year 

$43,98 

$41.20 

$64.60 



NuTK — rnder  zinc  oro  the  (irst  two  col- 
umns Kivc  Idisr  prices  for  (50  per  cent.  zInc 
(ire:  tlio  sccniid  (wo  the  avfrnp'  for  all  orfS 
sold.  Lend  ore  pricps  urc  tlir  avi'ni;;e  for 
all    oi'ps   sold. 


July  30,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


243 


unit  shown  under  80  per  cent.,  with  fur- 
ther deductions  for  moisture.  Average, 
all  grades,  $48.78  per  ton. 

The  shipment  this  week  was  an  in- 
crease of  250  tons  of  zinc  and  a  decrease 
of  279  tons  of  lead  compared  with  last 
week.  The  shipment  of  the  year  to  date 
IS  3929  tons  of  zinc  and  687  tons  of  lead, 
less  than  a  like  period  of  last  year.  The 
production  is  growing  again,  a  few  of  the 
sheet-ground  mines  with  highest  grade 
ore  having  resumed,  while  the  free-ore 
area  is  increasing  in  output  a  little  each 
week.  The  strike  at  the  mines  of  the 
American  Zinc,  Lead  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany has  been  arbitrated  and  these  mines 
are  resuming. 


delivered  at  Kansas  smelting  points,  the 
current  price  is  for  the  zinc  content,  less 
eight  units,  at  the  St.  Louis  price  for 
spelter,  less  S\4(fi  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore, 
according  to  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore   markets. 


CHEM ICALS 


Platteville.  Wis..  July  23— The  base 
price  paid  this  week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  was  S40  per  ton;  no  premium  price 
was  reported.  The  base  price  paid  for  80 
per  cent,  lead  ore  was  $48'<(50  per  ton. 

SHII'MKNTS,    WEEK   ENDEIl  .Ifl.Y    2.1. 


Cam  p8. 


Zinc 
ore.  lb. 


Lead    Siili>bur 
<»n>.  lb.    <iro.  11>. 


Plat^^vlIle O97.r,oo 

(tali'iia 0.15.120 

HlKhlaml 323.IK)0 

CiihaClty 207.440 

Hnrkor 180,170 

HazrlGroen 78,000 

Boiiton 


122.200       152.020 


Total 

Yi-ar  tiMlati'. 


...2.207.330        182.200        014.320 
. .  40,539.676    4. 1.i8.719  12.270.565 


Shipped  to  separating  plants  2,698,980 
lb.  zinc  concentrates  during  the  week. 


Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent. 
iron  and  under  0.45  phsophorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  forMesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
$4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
of  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quality  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  or  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  S3rff3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Maniiancse  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  dedctions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
n''/ll''c.  per  unit,  delivered  at  east- 
ern acid  works;  fines,  lOi^o;  lie.  Pyrites 
containing  arsenic  realize  from  '/iCdi'/jC. 
per  unit   less. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  S6.50i'/7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb  for  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
ite  ores,  50c.ri;S1.50  per  unit  less. 

Zinc  Orf — For  Rockv  mountain  blende. 


New  York,  July  27 — The  general  mar- 
kets continue  quiet  and  no  change  is  ex- 
pected  for  a  month. 

Copper  Sulphate — Sales  are  on  a  mod- 
erate scale,  at  unchanged  prices;  S4  per 
100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and  S4.25  per 
100   lb.   for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — This  article  is  reported  weak- 
er. A  considerable  unsold  stock  is  press- 
ing on  the  market,  and  quotations  are 
weak  at  $2.25  per  100  lb.  for  white  ar- 
senic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  is  fair  and 
prices  are  very  firm  at  2.10c.  per  lb.  for 
both  spot  and  future  positions. 

Phosphates  —  Imports  of  American 
phosphates  into  Germany  are  reported 
by  the  consul-general  at  Hamburg,  as 
follows  for  1909:  Florida  rock,  265,813; 
Florida  pebble,  107,834;  total,  373,647 
tons,  an  increase  of  7992  tons  over  the 
preceding  year. 

Petroleum 

July  26 — June  productions  and  deliv- 
eries are  reported  by  the  Oil  and  Gas 
Journal,  as  below,  in  barrels  of  42  gal. 
each: 

Field.  Production.  DflivprtPB. 


Pciinevlvaula 

mill.. Is 

Mi.l-r.  .utinent  (Oklahoma). 

Gulf  Coast 

California 


2,891.352  ."i.98."..lil.-. 

2,399.005  l.i.">i;,w>r. 

4,720,401  4,073,12:) 

927.000  927,0(KI 

7.000,000  5,650,000 


/^   MINING -STOCKS    $ 


25  shares  United  States  Steel  preferred, 
SI  15.75  per  share;  S5000  Gypsum  Man- 
ufacturing Company  bonds,  March  cou- 
pons on,  SlOO  for  the  lot;  100,000  shares 
Red  Mountain  Railroad.  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company,  SI  par,  SlOO  for  the 
lot. 


Total 17.938,358       18.392.123 

Total  stocks  held  on  July  1  are  esti- 
mated at  132,823,595  bbl.,  an  increase  of 
1,310,783  bbl.  during  June. 


Nejv  York,  July  27 — Early  in  the  week 
there  was  a  bad  break  in  many  stocks  in 
the  general  market,  the  moving  cause  be- 
ing the  declaration  of  a  dividend  of  ■}4 
per  cent,  by  the  National  Lead  Company, 
in  place  of  the  usual  114  per  cent.  This 
caused  heavy  selling  of  the  metal  and 
smelting  stocks,  and  a  sympathetic  de- 
cline in  others.  Since  then  there  has 
been  little  recovery,  and  the  market  at 
the  close  is  badly  depressed. 

The  Curb  has  also  been  weak  and  ir- 
regular. Copper  stocks  did  not  hold  their 
prices,  generally  showing  declines.  There 
was  some  activity  in  Cobalt  stocks. 

The  Amalgamated  Copper  Company 
has  declared  its  usual  quarterly  dividend 
of  '<  per  cent. 

Auction  sales  of  securities  in  New 
York,  July  14,  included  $10,000  Steel 
Corporation  5  per  cent,  bonds  at   102-34; 


Boston,  July  26 — Copper  shares  show 
a  firm  tone  although  the  market  does  not 
have  the  stability  that  could  be  wished 
for.  Reports  that  an  agreement  had  been 
reached  to  restrict  copper  production  gave 
the  market  a  start  late  last  week,  not- 
ably the  Cole-Ryan  issues,  but  the  high 

COri'EIl    rKODlH'TION    KEI'intTS. 
Copppr  contents  of  blister  copper.   In  pounds. 


Company. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

.\riz..na.  Ltd 

2.340.000 
1.109.311 
2,777.800 
9.920.000 
2,4lKI.0O0 
4.202.OOO 
1,930,000 
8(XI,000 
5,500  000 
2,325,000 
1,288,000 
2,130,0<H) 
7,902,043 
25,000,000 
10,250,000 

2.010,000 

1,148,762 

2.735,080 

10.283,855 

1.778,000 

4.:i(KI,(XXI 

2.035.039 

70O.(KK] 

6.500.000 

2.174.(KK) 

1.320.WHI 

2.270.000 

J.862.900 

24,8i>0.«)0 

19.250.000 

2,802.000 
1.220,000 

B..le..  (Mexico) 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  ,^  .\rlz 

Canauea  (Mexico).. 

Dotr..lt... 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con.  (Eat.). 
Old  Dominion 

2.n5,:H4 
10,219,l>87 
2,490.000 
4,280,000 
2,017,IXX) 
800.000 
5.400.1K)0 
2.(KI2.000 

Superh.r  &  Pitts.... 

Utah  Cjiper  Co 

Butte  District 

Lake  Superior 

2.245.(KKI 

23,7,50,000 
18.000,000 

Total  production. 
Imi»orts.  bars.  etc.. 
Imp.  In  ore  &  matte 

80  934.754 
21.180.396 
12.527.371 

89.830.836 

24.850.919 

6.487,243 

Total 

120.042.521 

121.108.998 

Itulle  district  and  Lake  Superior  (isures  iire 
eslimaledi  olbers  are  reii.irts  reci'ived  I'nim 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  production  of 
C'linaiu'a.  ami  llial  part  ot"  Copper  (Jueen  pro- 
duction which  ciinu's  from  Xac.izari.  Holeo 
cop(ier  does  not  c.ime  to  American  reliners. 
flah  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
the    Itoston    mill. 

ST.\TISTICS  ov  rori'ER. 


Month. 

nnited 

States 

Producfn. 

Deliveries. 
Domestic. 

DeliverieB 
for  Exijort. 

VII.  1909 

VIII 

118.277.«B 
120.697.234 
118.02it.139 
124.067,709 
121.618.309 
117.828,655 

76.620.08:) 
59.014.207 
52.106.9,56 
00.:i.59.017 
00.867.873 
09.619..501 

76.018.974 
48  382.704 

IX 

60  077,777 

X 

50.201,238 

XI 

55.200,596 

XII 

59.546.670 

Tear 

1,405,403,060 

705.051.591 

080.942,620 

1.1910 

II 

116,.';47.287 
112,712.493 
1'20,007,407 
117,477,639 
123.242.476 
127.219.188 

78.1.58.387 
60,618.:i22 
02.844.818 
67.985.961 
59.306.222 
53.:«3.190 

81.C91,67a 
37.369.618 

Ill 

40.,585.767 

IV 

31  ;«2.434 

V 

VI 

45.496.400 
65.895.948 

Visible  Stocks. 

rmted 

states. 

Europe. 

Total. 

VII. 1909 

VIII     

ll>4.868.061 
122.590.007 
135.190.930 
151.472.772 
153..5O9.020 
163,003.627 
141.706.111 
98,4l~1.3:i9 
107.187,992 
123,824,874 
141,984.1.59 
100.426.973 
168,:i86,017 

1.50.928.960 
171.492.160 

197.99;l.li(K) 
2I0.224.0(H1 
222..500,4(HI 
2:t0.857.l'.<IO 
244.204.800 
248..230.8IK) 
'2.54.1.50.41HI 
249.026,61  K) 
246.87II,4(K) 
2:19.142.400 
232.892.800 

:«>5.787,02I 
2i)4 .088.767 

IX 

X 

\I 

3:i:t.i9o.B30 
301 .090.772 
370.070.026 

XII 

I.  1910 

II 

Ill 

:tH9.K01.127 
385.970,911 
;)40.7IKI.139 

;!0i  ,;f:t8  392 

IV 

;!73, 460.474 

V 

:)88  8.54. 5B9 

VI 

399,608,373 

VII 

401,278,817 

I.'l:.'ur-es  are  in  pounds  of  line  copiter.  t:.  S. 
production  iniludes  all  copper  refined  in  this 
(o\inlrv.  boili  from  domestic  and  imported 
ninterlal.  Visible  stocks  are  those  reported 
on  the  lirst  day  of  each  month,  as  brought 
over   from   the  preeedinc  month. 


244 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


July  30,  1910. 


levels  were  not  maintained  with  the  con- 
tinued weakness  of  the  New  York  market. 
There  is  little  or  no  commission  house 
buying  in  copper  stocks  and  the  floor 
traders  are  making  the  market  for  these 
issues. 

Even  with  the  savage  break  and  gen- 
erally demoralized  condition  of  the  Wall 
Street  market  today  copper  shares  held 
remarkably  well.  Naturally  they  were 
weak,  but  none  broke  to  the  low  records 
of  a  few  weeks  ago,  although  one  or  two 
sold   pretty   close   to   these    former   lows. 

Lake  and  North  Butte  are  the  local 
market  features  outside  of  Amalgamated. 
Both  show   resistance   market-wise. 

Curb  transactions  have  been  of  the 
same  quantity,  comparatively  with  about 
the  same  trend  of  prices  as  in  the  big 
market.  Today  witnessed  a  reaction  in 
the  general  list  there. 

AN.SON.HIIieill.S 


TIN   AT    NEW    YORK 


S.\N  FRANCISCO. 


.lulv   L'C. 


Company. 


IDf^liiKi.    Sale.    I  AniT. 


Alpha  Con.,  N«v I  July 

Belchor,  Nev iJnly 

Best  ,1;  Belcher.  Nev July 

Black  Jack,  Utah ;Aug. 

Bullion,  Nev (Aug. 

Chollar,  Nev July 

Con.  Imperial,  Nev [July 

Con.  Virginia,  Nev JAug. 

Copper  King,  Irta I  July 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nev July 

Hall*  &  Norcross,  Nev Aug. 

Hancock  Con.,  Mich Au.O- 

Julia.  Nev Aug. 

King  Philip  Copper,  Jlich.  .I.\ug. 

Lower  Mammoth,  Utah iAug, 

Mexican,  Nev    July 

New  York,  Utah Aug. 

Ophir,  Nev July 

R.Tven,  Mich |Aug, 

Scorpion,  Nev Aug. 

Silver  Hin,  Nev July 

Win<uia,  Mich 'Aug. 


>l«»iitlily   .V^'ernj^e   l*ri 

sii.\i;i; 


>l    ^letiilN 


New  Yolk. 

London. 

Month. 

I'.IOi).      IIIIU. 

11)011. 

lino. 

January 

.il  .750  .V2  :)7.5  -j:!  .s4:{ 

■24  1.54 

March 

.V)  -ir.s'.-.l    iM  -Jlt  -J-iT  1 23  ii'.HI 

April 

r,\A-2H  5:1  ^'Jl  ■2;l.70K,24  483 

Mav 

.V2   '.H).5  .53  .S71I  24.:i43 

■24 .  7117 

June 

5-2.. 53H  ,5:i.4ir2  -.uir,!; 

■24.0.51 

July 

.51'.  0431 -23.519 

August 

.51.1-25' '•23..5KS 

Septi-mber 

51.440, •23.743 

October 

,50  il-23 i -23. 60-2 

Ni»vcmher 

50.703 '23.3.51 

December 

.5'2.-2-2(!' '24.0.30 

Total 

51..W2 

!'23.70(; 

New    York,    cents    per    line 
pence    pel-    stnmlarti    ounce. 


London. 


COI'T 

•KR. 

New  Yokk. 

Loudon, 

Eh'CtrolytIc 

Lake. 

11101). 

11)10. 

lOOil. 

inio. 

11)01), 

11)10. 

January 

February 

Mftlch 

April 

May 

JUIK- 

July 

13.81)3 
1'2.1)4!) 
l'2.:i.S7 
1'2..50| 
l'2.8n3 
13. '214 
1'2.880 
13.IH)7 
1'2.870 
1'2.70<) 
IS.l'Jfl 
13.2»8 

13.t;'20 
13.33'2 
13. -2.55 
1'2.733 
1 '2.. 5.50 
12.404 

14. -280 
13.  ■2115 
f2.8^Ji; 
1-2.1)3; 
13. -238 
13. 548 
13.3(-h) 
13. '201; 
13. -210 
13.030 
13.3,54 
13.(147 

13.871) 
111.711) 
13. 581-1 
13.(101 
1-2.885 
1'2.71)8 

(',1.11)8 
57 .  (i88 
5(1. '231 
.57.3(13 
.50.338 
50.  ('.'27 
58.55(1 

(11).  Mi 

59.388 
59. -214 
57.-238 
50.313 
65.310 

September  . . 

Octol>er 

November.. . 
Docomber. .. 

51).ir21 
57., 551 
58.017 
riD.DDO 

Yonr 

1'2.1I8'2 

13.335 

riH.?;^ 

Now  Yoi-k.  eentfi  per  pound.  Kleeti'olylit-  is 
foi-  ciikon.  Ingols  oi-  wlrebiiis.  I.,on(lon,  pounds 
slerllng    pi-i-   Ion-'    ion,   slnndiii'd   i-opper. 


M.uith, 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
Februai-y  . . 

starch 

April 

May 

June 

-28,  ()(■>() 
28  '21)0 
28.7-2-i 
'29.445 
29.'2'25 
•29.322 

32 .  700 
32,11-20 
.12   403 
32  ,9711 
33.125 
32.769 

July 

August 

s,-pteinber. 

Oc-t..ber 

November.. 
December. . 

Av.  Year.. 

■29.1-25 
'29.  Olid 
30. '293 
.30.475 
.30.8.59 
32.913 

•29.7^25 

in    cents   per  pound. 


New 

York. 

St.  L 

ouis. 

L.in 

l..n. 

19119. 

1910. 

19(11). 

19111. 

1909. 

1910. 

Januai-y 

Februai-y 

March 

April 

Mav    . 

4.175 
4.I11K 
3  98(1 
4.1(18 
4 .  287 
4.350 
4 .  321 
4.303 
4.342 
4.341 
4.371. 
4..5(1( 

4.700 
4.1113 
4.459 
4.370 
4.315 
4.343 

4,0-25 
3.808 
3..H35 
4.(1.51 
4.214 
4.-291 
4.188 
4. -2^27 
4. '215 
4. '216 
4.  •252 
4.459 

4 .  5H2 
4 .  44.-. 
4.307 
4 .  22.) 
4 . 1(14 
4.^207 

13,113 
13   313 
13,43S 
13.2'J7 
13.-2-25 
13,031 
12.503 
12.475 
12.781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.1-25 

13.11.50 
13  3-28 
13.0113 
12 .  ('41 
I'l  550 

June 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

Novembei-... 
December.. . 

12.088 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New    York    ;in(i 
L('n(h>!i,   p.iiinils  s 


St.    i.nuis 
eilinu'    pe 


cents   per    pound. 
Inni;   tcm. 


Sl'Kl/nOK 


M..uth. 

N  ew 

i'ork. 

St.   L 

ouis. 

Lon 

don. 

1909. 

1910. 

1901). 

191(1. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

Api-ii 

May 

Juue 

July 

5.141 
4.881) 
4.757 
4 . 9(15 
5.1-24 
5 .  402 
5.402 
5.7-21) 
5.79(1 
(l.lDl) 
(1.381 
(1.-249 

0.101 
5  5(19 
5.(137 
6.439 
5.191 
5 , 1-28 

4,991 
4.739 
4.(107 
4.815 
4.974 
5.-252 
6.-252 
5.579 
5,(14(1 
(1  1143 
(1.'231 
(1,099 

5.951 
5.419 
5 .  487 

5.1K1 
4.1178 



21.4-25 
-21.. 502 
21.438 
21    .'.31 
21.97.-. 
-22.(100 
-21.9(19 
■22.1-25 
22.906 
-23.-200 
■23.188 
•23.094 

23.350 
23.188 
-23.031 
■22.469 
22 . 1(10 
-22.219 

August 

September  . . 

Octolier 

November... 
December. . . 

Year 

5.503 

5.352 

•22. '201 

New    \uy\i    ;iud    St.    Louis,    cents   per   pound. 
Loudon,   pounds  sterling  per   louy:  ton. 

I'UICKS   OF  VUi    IKON   AT   PlfTSHTUd. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February  — 

March 

April .   

May 

$17.18 
10.73 
10.40 
15.79 
15.77 
10.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.76 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18.53 
18.-28 
17.10 
16.52 

$16.40 
16.09 
15.84 
15.05 
16.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17. -21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 

$16.26 
15.90 
16.62 
15.00 
15.08 
15,63 
15.96 
16. '20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
10.75 

Juno 

July 

15.53 

.August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$10.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  July  -20    SALT  LAKE         July  2(1 


Name  of  Com  p. 


Listed  : 

Acacia 

CrlpiiloCr-kCon. 

C.  K.  &  N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot., 

Elkton  Ccui 

El  Paao 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

Finrllay 

Oolil  Dollal^ 

Gold  Sovereign.., 

Isabella  

Mary  MeKlnney., 

Pharmacist 

Portland        

Vindicator 

Woi-k 

Unlisted  : 

Golden  Cvde 

United  OoldMlnof 


Bid. 


,05J 

,02j 

.18j 

.09j 

,77 

.85 

.05', 

.10' 

.14i 

.031 

.!«! 
..53 
.03 

i.in 

.91 
.03} 

l.fiO 

.073 


Name  of  Comp,     Clg. 


Carlsa ?., 

Colorado  Mining, 
Columbus  Con... 

Daly  Judge 

Grand  t'entral. .. . 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  Bell 

Little'  <niief 

Lower  Mammoth. 

Mason  Valley 

MaJ.   Mines 

Mav  Day 

Nevaila  Hills 

New  York 

Prlneo  Con 

Bed  Warrior 

Sliver  King  Coal'n 

Slou.\  Con 

Uncle  Sara 

Victoria 


.23 
.31 
.55 
.'26 
.35 
.74 
.10 
.'22 
.14} 
.50 
.53 
.03 
.10 
.13 
.69 
.00 
90 
.10 
.'21 
.07} 


Name  ot  Comp. 


CoMSTOCK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  &;  Belcher 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con. . . . 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal,  k  Va..,. 

Crown  Point 

Exchequer 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Halo  &  Norcross. . 

Mexican 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada.... 

Union  Cun 

Yellow  Jacket.... 


Clg. 


.09 

J. 75 

.35 

.45 

.19 

.19 

J.  65 

.71 

.35 

J. 18 

.23 

.23 

1.22 

1.17 

.75 

.30 

.12 

.26 

.35 

.60 


Name  of  Comp.    Clg, 


Misc.  NEV.iD.i 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Sandstorm 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con....'!! 


3.80 
.04 
.21 
.30 
.23 
.04 
.57 
.10 
.13 
.00 
,04 
,49 
.02 
.41 
.08 
.02 
.04 
.07 
.10 
.04 


N, 


Y.  EXCH,  July  26,    BOSTON  EXCH,  July  26 


Name  of  Comp. 

Clg. 

Amalgamated 

66,'4 

.\m.  Agri.  Chem. . 

35 

Ain.Sm.4Bet.,com 

62  V 

Am.Sm.  iEef.,pf. 

97^ 

Anaconda 

34  >i 

Bethlehem  Steel. . 

20 

Col.  &Hock.C.&I. 

iy. 

Colo.  Fuel  &  Iron. 

24 

DuPont  Pd'r,  pf. 

84  »4 

Federal  M.  ,1:  S... 

55 

Great  N<.r.,orectf, 

48  H 

NafnalLead,com. 

46'; 

National  Lead,  pf. 

100  H 

Nev.  C.nsol 

I'ly, 

Pittsburg  Coal 

12 

EepublicIiS.com. 

•27  « 

Republic  I  &  8,  pf. 

83 

SlossSheffl'd.com. 

50 

Sloss  Sheffield,  pf. 

103 

Tennessee  Copper 

19% 

Utah  Copper 

40  >i 

U.  S.  Steel,  Com... 

(^•2',i 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

ur^. 

Va.  Car.  Chem 

56 

N.  Y,  CURB          July  '26 

Name  of  Comp, 

Clg. 

Bonanza  Creek. . . 

13 

Boston  Copper 

Xis 

Braden  Copper. .. 

■■iy. 

B.  C.  C'.pper 

i'/. 

Butralo  Mines 

t^% 

Butte  Cloalition. . . 

10 

Jl 

Chino 

10% 

Cobalt  Central 

Cobalt  Prov 

t59 

Con.  .\riz.  Sm 

l,»r 

Cumberland  Ely.. 

Vi 

Davis-Daly 

154 

Dominion  Cop 

r' 

Ely  Coll 

t.'20 

El  Rayo  

2% 

Gila  Copper 

t5 

6 

ii 

Gold  Hill 

GoldfleldCon 

8 

Greene  Canauea.. 

6fJ 

Guanajuato 

tlS 

Guggen.  Exp 

tl86 

Kerr  Lake 

■'% 

La  Rose 

3>4 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

.93 

Miami  Copper 

mi 

Mines  Co.  of  Am. . 

57 

Mont.  Shoshone. . 

T.37V< 

Mont.-Tonopah... 

T,98 

Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 

New  Baltic 

5 

Newhouse  M.  &  S. 

jas' 

NipissiDg  Mines.. 

i^K 

Ohio  Copper 

1t'.i 

Pacific  Sm.  St  M.. 

Bay  Central 

-A 

Bay  Con 

16M 

Silver  ijueon 

T,.'<5 

Standnrii  Oil 

685 

Stewart 

*a 

Tonopah  

»H 

Ton.ipah  Ex 

*  70 

TrI-Bulllon 

ii 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop.. 

t2,.,; 

Yukon  Gold 

37. 

Name  of  Comp. 


'Adventure 

Allouez 

|Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

jArizona  Com 

|Atlautic 

jBoston  Con. .   . 
Butte  &  Balak.... 
Cahnnet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Grauby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

OJlbway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Bost 
Superior  &  Pitih 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Smg.  &  Ret.. 
U.S.Sm.&Re.,pd. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


Clg. 


4?i 
33 

13  H 
13  U 

5 

J15 

11 

47>i 
515 
15 

6 
59 

fi 

6)i 
10 
30 
14% 

2 
lO'i 
16 

3>i 
32 

9 

6« 

3% 
43 
17'^ 

iiy, 
5J4 

32 

114  ■,' 
12 

69  ij 

SH 
37 

8 

111.; 
51 

iii 
34  ■, 

2« 
20 

2«  ' 

BX  ' 

105      , 

1«  ■ 


BOSTON  CURB   July  26 


Name  of  Comp.     clg. 


LONDON        July  27 


Name  of  Com. 


Dolores 

Stratton'slud. 
Camp  Bird.,.. 

Esperanza 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Or.ivlllo 

Me.vico  MlnosI 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  .\riz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve... 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

[Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic. . .   

|Nat'l  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneci* 

Raven  Copper.. . 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  .\ntoiiio 

Shattuck-Arlz . . . 

South  Lake 

Superior  .1;  Globe 

Trotliewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


145 

ts 

1J» 
.07 
2 

9% 
.06K 

I'i    f 

1«    ' 

4X 

2'ii 

3« 

B« 
.04 
.53 
.17 

2« 

2 
.17 

6« 

7 
22 

.20      '. 

\n 

.20 


:i:I.ast   ipiotalion. 


'^wm:nnv^lnnnHnnn^Tmymnrpkn'n'|,^vn'm.Tk'i^n'kT}^!:k•^'n'PI'i^ 


Tni'i'i'i'iTin^i 


ENGINEERING 


AND 


MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -v  John  A. 
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VCL.  ( 


AUGUST  6,  iQio. 


NO.  6 


24(i 


24" 

24,S 
241) 
2411 

24!l 


CIRCULATIU.S     tiTATEMEAT 

fturiltfj     I'JM!)     irt-     it,-itttril     and     circulated 
534.."i(ii)     co/iii  s     of     THK     Kxgineehi.vg     and 

MlMNU     .TliLRNAL. 

Our  circiilatioit   for  ./(////,    i:Uo.    irns  4."),oin) 
ro/*it'«. 

AufjUKt   G n.diMi 

yoiie  .tfut  free  retjuliirli/,  no  hack   numhrrN. 
FigitreH    are    Ure^    iitt    c^i  cufation. 


Contents  i 

Editorials  : 

•The    I'rospoct    for   ('o|)[)ei' 

(icnnan    Iron   SviKHcali- 

Tlip   Nitnili'   I'osliioii 

Corri'spoiKli'iici'   ami    1  )isi-usslon  : 

I-'Irt'priMir  Const  met  i(Hi  in  T'lulcr- 
!;i-o\inil  SlaliU'S.  .  .  .The  llm-liiii'  ot 
I'rosjii'clilii.  .  .  .Till'  Weiulit  of  Icai-n- 
Iri;:.  .  .  .  Wcstorii  Cliafcoal   Fm-naccs.  , 

tiiicsilons  ami   Answers 

Chronolos.v  of  Mlnlnc  foi-  .July,   I'JKl.... 

MIohlKan    Mi'n    in    Finland 

AnoihtT    I'h'i'    in    ilic    Ci'olosical    Snrvi'.v 
ItullcUn^. .  Wiislnmil'in  Cm  eeninmiienee 

r»'Iails   of    I'l-artiral    .Minin;: : 

•Tulif  Mill  l-ininus  in  I'sf  on  the 
Itand.  .  .  .('enicnlin^  (HT  Wator  fi"oni 
oil  Wc'lls  .  .  .  .  •Kcinlori-i'ment  of 
.^liaftin;:.  .  .  .  ♦Kali-  Leads  on  IiicmIkos 
.  .  .  .  l-'ulnri»   roli<-v    on    \he    Uand.... 

M.-lhods     of     Mini'     Snrvi-.vini; 'A 

Siniidr  Cliarc'ial  Oven  ....  ♦Cauie 
iii-utn  for  TimlM'r  Shaft ....  •Sampler 
foi-  Lead  Crnc-nt rales 

The   American    IVat    Society. 

Sjieelal     ;..  ''rettitondenee 

rroductlon   and  f'osl  of  Michigan  Copper 
In    IPiili 

liunrlerly     Keport    of    the     Nevada    Con- 
Kolidaled   Copper  Companv 

Kleclric    Iron    Smelting 

Calumet  &   llecia 

'  Vih    Copper    Companv 

linu-  of  c.ililii.'hi  Co'nsoiiilated 

•mlitlons    at    the    ralmiiia    .Mln-.    I'.v- 
;al.   .Mexico franklin   U'.  t',.nii'.i 

/.Inc  Shipments  from    Mexicr> 

Itaslc  Lined  Cimvertcrs  for  Leadv  Co]>per 
Mattes Redick  H.   Moure 

•Tlie  Ilecin   Mine  Ilolsi 

Some  Interesting  Data  from  the  Uand... 

•Talllnu'      I>ams     and      Conservation      of 
Mlii  Water ir.  //.  Sl(,rni« 

\^'|'^ld    /.inc    Smelteries    I'ay    in    Mexico. 
Tli'trintlton    Chttse 

•Electric  Smellinc  of  Ir.>n  ore  at  Ileroiilt. 

■  foil  II     T!f'*'<otrski 

•Tlip    p.erlng    Ulver    Coaltields. 

I,.     If.    fitonn 
"Karthed  and    Insulated   Neutrals   In   Col- 
liery    Installations. 

Sftei-ial   f'orre^nondcnee 
'■"nl  ConsiimiitUm  In   the  rtiiliimlnes.  .  .  . 
'"   New    Coke    I'lnnt    at    Hethlehem. 

Siterial    Cttrreti:tondenee 

■  'V    rulillc-itpins 

I'e-yonat.  f)tiltuarv  and  Societies 

'Kdltorlal     Correspondence 

IMInlnc    News 

iMarkets    

[Minim;    lnd"X 

Current    Trices   of   Chemicals.    Rare    Min- 
erals.   lOarllis.    r'tc 

iv  Id. 'lids     

•/»"«^(i(c<;. 


2.70 

254 

254 

2r.4 
2.-..-1 


iioii 

2112 
2(!:! 

2i;.-. 
2(ir) 

201; 

2(!S 
21;'.  I 


270 

27(i 
277 

27S 
27!) 
2K1 
2S7 
204 

207 

2ns 


The  Prospect  for  Copper 

The  forthcoming  statistics  for  July  are 
not  awaited  with  anything  more  than  a 
mild  curiosity.  Interest  is  directed  to- 
ward what  may  be  in  three  months  rather 
than  to  what  has  happened  in  the  month 
just  passed.  The  kaleidoscope  has  been 
revolved  by  the  announcement  of  curtail- 
ment of  production  by  some  of  the  lead- 
ing producers. 

As  to  this  curtailment,  we  gather  from 
the  statements  of  Messrs.  McNeill  and 
Ryan  that  there  is  no  formal  agreement 
among  the  producers  and  no  understand- 
ing  limiting   freedom   of  action,  but   that 


1 

- 

~ 

~~ 

"" 

"" 

f 

400 

- 

_ 

_L-jR'ctincil 

__!.. 

=■ 

U 

L; 

^ 

■" 

— 

v:)..^-'-^ 

b 

,^ 

^ 

S 

^ 

= 

s 

\\>^^^''^ 

.... 

t 

_ 

_ 

L 

Dec.       Jan.       Feb.       Mar.      Apr.       May     June 

Diagram   Showing   Daily   Rate   of  Re- 
finery ANR  Smeltery  Production 

in  discussing  the  situation  it  was  recog- 
nized that  for  the  time  being  the  produc- 
tion was  too  large  and  that  it  would  be 
advisable  to  follow  the  conservative  pol- 
icy already  inaugurated  by  Calumet  ^S: 
Hecla  and  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.;  and  re- 
duce supplies  until  consumption  should 
make  a  larger  inroad  upon  the  accu- 
mulated stocks.  If  one  producer  should 
make  a  move  in  this  direction,  the  good 
sense  of  others  would  lead  them  to  fol- 
low.     This   has    happened. 

Utah  Copper  Company  has  an- 
nounced its  intention  of  contracting  Its 
output — extent  not  indicated.  Nevada 
Consolidated  has  declared  a  red;ictlon  of 


15  per  cent,  and  Cananea  the  same.  No 
definite  word  has  come  from  Butte,  but 
after  the  statements  by  Mr.  Ryan,  there 
is  no  doubt  that  operations  there  will  be 
checked  materially  and  it  has  been  ru- 
mored that  Cerro  de  Pasco  may  also  go 
a  little  more  slowly.  The  fact  is  that 
the  enormous  refinery  production  of 
,Iune,  reflecting  the  snielter>'  production 
of  April,  marked  the  culmination  of  the 
reckless  operations  that  were  bringing 
disaster  upon  the  industry.  The  halt  hav- 
ing been  called,  some  of  the  smaller  pro- 
ducers may  adopt  the  policy  of  the  larger 
and  some  may  suspend  entirely.  It  has 
been  rumored  that  Imperial  will  do  that. 
The  California  producers  will  probably 
have  to  reduce  anyway,  on  account  of 
their  smoke  troubles.  Altogether,  it 
seems  likely  that  a  reduction  of  Ameri- 
can production  to  the  extent  of  300,000 
to  350,000  lb.  in  the  daily  rate  is  to  be 
expected. 

The  full  effect  of  this  reduction  will 
not  appear  in  the  refinery  statisti  s  be- 
fore the  figures  for  October,  but  we  an- 
ticipate that  it  will  show  gradually  earlier 
than  that.  In  the  accompanying  diagram 
are  plotted  the  daily  rate  of  productwn 
according  to  the  refinery  statistics,  and 
the  daily  rate  of  smeltery  production  as 
reported  by  us  for  the  last  seven  months 
The  line  for  the  smelters  is  below  that 
for  the  refiners,  because  their  reports 
are  incomplete,  but  sufficient  of  their  pro- 
duction is  enumerated  to  give  a  close  in- 
dication. Theoretically,  the  production 
of  refined  copper  should  rise  or  fall 
about  two  months  after  the  crude  cop- 
per, but  practically  the  courses  may  be 
i-ltered    bv    the    status    of    intermediate 


246 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


stocks.      However,    in    the    long    run    tne 
trends  must,  of  course,  be   similar. 

The  production  of  crude  copper  at- 
tained a  maximum  in  .April.  Since  then 
there  has  been  a  reduction  in  the  out- 
put of  Butte,  where  the  Clark  works  have 
been  closed,  and  the  imponation  of  copper 
in  bars,  matte  and  ore  has  declined  ma- 
terially. This  should  be  reflected  to  some 
extent  in  the  refinery  statistics  for  July, 
but  for  a  month  or  two  more,  anyway. 
the  decrease  in  the  output  of  refined 
copper  will  be  slow. 

To  what  extent  the  market  for  copper 
will  be  affected  by  this  change  in  con- 
ditions remains  to  be  seen.  With  better 
management  the  market  would  not  have 
been  allowed  to  fall  into  the  condition  of 
semi-demoralization  that  characterized  it 
at  the  mid-year.  This  condition  inspired 
manufacturers  with  the  idea  that  every- 
thing was  in  their  favor  and  they  al- 
lowed their  stocks  to  run  down  to  near- 
ly the  vanishing  point  without  concern. 
Already  there  is  a  renewed  feeling  of 
confidence  among  the  producers  and  a 
small  improvement  in  price  through  the 
buying  of  those  manufacturers  who  have 
awakened  to  the  altered  situation.  It  is  de- 
cidedly good  that  there  has  been  no  such 
hurry  to  buy  as  might  have  produced  a 
sharp  advance.  The  I'esult  to  be  ex- 
pected eventually,  however,  is  the  reali- 
zation by  manufacturers  that  producers 
do  not  intend  to  supply  consumption  at 
a  price  involving  actual  loss  on  10  to 
1.5  per  cent,  of  the  amount,  followed 
by  such  purchases  as  will  transfer  to 
manufacturers'  yards  a  large  pari  of  the 
visible  supply.  A  curtailment  of  10  per 
cent,  of  the  world's  production  would 
still  leave  a  long  while  for  absorption  ot 
the  present  visible  supply  if  consump- 
tion were  to  remain  stationary,  but  as  we 
have  previously  pointed  out,  industry 
cannot  be  safe  with  the  absence  of 
stock;  the  present  stock  is  not,  after  all, 
of  excessive  magnitude,  considering  the 
rate  of  consumption  and  the  chief  thing  is 
to  remove  the  alarm  about  it  and  calm 
nerves. 

If  curtailment  of  production  effects 
a  moderate  reduction  of  the  stock 
and  restores  normal  conditions  by  dis- 
tributing the  remainder  among  all  parties 
of  trade — producers,  speculators,  con- 
sumers— the  industry  will  be  reestab- 
lished upon  a  healthy  basis.  This  is  to 
be  anticipated  if  curtailment  be  sufficient- 
ly long  continued. 


German  Iron  Syndicates 

For  some  years  past  the  German  iron 
and  steel  trades  have  been  more  closely 
controlled  than  that  of  any  other  import- 
ant iron-producing  country.  This  has  not 
been  done  through  the  formation  of  large 
corporations,  but  by  the  organization  ot 
kartels  or  svndieates,  each  composed  of  a 
number  of  individual  producers.  Recently, 
however,  a  tendency  has  appeared  toward 
breaking  up  these  combinations  and  leav- 
ing open  markets.  Thus  the  pipe  and 
tube  syndicates  have  ceased  to  exist  and 
the  bar  combination  has  almost  broken 
up.  owing  to  the  withdrawal  of  some 
large  corcerns.  Efforts  to  reorganize  thi 
wire  convention  have  proved  unsuccesb 
ful.  and  the  syndicates  controlling  steel 
castings  in  the  Rhine  district  and  Silesia 
have  failed  to  renew  their  agreements, 
which  expired  this  summer  by  limitation. 
The  important  pig-iron  syndicate  has  been 
disrupt-id  by  the  secession  of  several 
large  companies,  and  negotiations  for  its 
renewal  are  not  promising. 

The  Steelworks  Union,  the  largest  com- 
bination of  all.  will  end  by  limitation  of 
its  agreement  in  1912.  Meantime  it  is 
having  its  troubles,  largely  on  account  of 
disagreements  over  the  allotment  of  pro- 
duction; though  much  fault  has  been 
found  with  its  management  of  the  export 
trade,  especially  on  account  of  sales 
abroad  at  low  prices.  At  the  same  time 
it  is  urged  that  in  some  respects  the  or- 
ganization is  too  loose,  and  that  its  con- 
trol must  be  stricter  to  insure  success. 
Ill  other  words  it  must  absorb  the  minor 
syndicates  or  control  their  operations 
more   fully  than  it  has  done. 

On  the  whole  the  present  tendency  in 
the  German  trade  is  disruptive  rather 
than  toward  combination.  The  trade  has 
had  full  experience  of  the  syndicate  sys- 
tem and  seems  to  be  disposed  to  try  freer 
competition  for  a  change. 


ing  ones.  The  enlarged  supply.  hov>-ever, 
has  not  had  the  effect  of  depressing  prices 
as  much  as  might  have  been  expected. 
This  was  chiefly  owing  to  a  contempora- 
neous increase  in  the  consumption,  due 
apparently  to  the  more  free  supply  and  to 
efforts  made  to  push  sales  in  the  chief 
consuming    countries. 

In  the  nitrate  year  ended  June  30.  1910, 
a  careful  estimate  of  the  production, 
based  on  statistics  of  exports,  imports  and 
deliveries,  puts  the  total  at  2,230,000 
tons.  This  was  an  increase  of  420.000 
tons  over  1908-9;  a  gain  about  equal  to 
that  of  the  period  of  five  years  from  1904 
to  1909.  The  increase  in  the  estimated 
consumption  of  the  United  States  alone, 
last  year  over  the  previous  one,  was  109.- 
000  tons,  or  more  than  60  per  cent.;  and 
this  was  accompanied  by  only  a  very 
small  increase  in  unsold  stocks.  The  aver- 
age estimated  price  in  consuming  countries 
in  1909-10  was  S42.80  per  ten;  which 
compares  with  S48  in  1903-09,  and  with 
S52.80  in  1906-7,  the  year  of  highest 
prices.  The  American  market  at  the  pres- 
ent time  ranges  about  S42  per  ton,  a  drop 
of  only  about  S3  from  last  year.  This 
does  not  indicate  any  marked  degree  of 
oversupply. 

Under  these  conditions  all  attempts  to 
renew  the  combination  have  failed,  and 
it  appears  probable  that  the  free  produc- 
tion will  continue.  No  restriction  of  out- 
put is  probable  as  long  as  Chile  has  a 
virtual  monopoly  and  the  present  rate  of 
consumption  continues. 


The  Nitrate  Position 


The  production  of  nitrate  of  soda, 
which  comes  almost  entirely  from  the 
Chilean  fields,  has  now  been  carried  on 
about  a  year  free  from  the  restrictions 
which  for  several  years  were  imposed  by 
the  combination  of  the  producers.  The 
immediate  result  of  the  termination  of 
the  combine  was  a  large  increase  in  pro- 
duction, due  to  the  opening  of  new 
oficinas  and  the  increased  work  of  exist- 


The  decrease  of  10,572,800  lb.  in  the 
European  visible  supply  of  copper  in 
July  is  the  '  r^est  reported  for  any 
month  in  1!-M0.  and  continuing  the  series 
of  decreases  fhat  has  been  uninterrupted 
for  five  months  it  adds  encouragement  to 
the  bjpe  of  better  things  to  come. 


I 


It  is  now  four  or  five  months  since 
there  began  to  be  serious  talk  of  a  gen- 
eral btisiness  depression,  but  while  there 
is  undoubtedly  a  relaxation  in  certain 
industries,  the  maintenance  of  railway 
earnings,  the  excellent  reports  from  the 
electric  manufacturing  companies,  and 
finallv  such  a  report  as  the  last  quar- 
terly of  the  Steel  Corporation,  reflecting 
.n  basic  and  representative  industry,  do 
not  indicate  that  anything  very  alarming 
is  under  way.  There  has  been  altogether 
too  nnich  hvsteria. 


August  6,  it'lO. 


THE    ENGINF.F.RING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


247 


Fireproof  Construction  in   Under- 
ground Stables 

Some  time  ago  the  Illinois  Legislature 
passed  laws  pertaining  to  fire-fighting 
appliances  to  be  installed  in  all  coal 
mines  working  in  Illinois.  Among  other 
things  they  specified  that  under  certain 
conditions,  underground  stables  must  be 
fireprooL  It  has  occurred  to  me  that  to 
meet  this  condition  it  might  be  well  to  put 
in  iron  stalls  in  barns  instead  of  rein- 
forced concrete  as  some  are  doing.  I 
have  had  a  sketch  drawn  up  of  such  an 
iron  stall  in  which  the  sides  are  cor- 
rugated iron  and  the  props  4-in.  steel 
pipe.  The  trough  to  be  built  of  wire 
mesh  and  the  fetd  box  to  be  of  pressed 
steel.  The  price  of  construction  as  put 
on  this  stall  seems  to  me  to  be  rather 
high,  and  I  would  like  to  ask  whether  in 
your  experience  you  have  heard  of  min- 
ing companies  using  iron  stalls,  also 
whether  any  iron  stalls  are  on  the  mar- 
ket; also  if  in  your  opinion  there  are  any 
objections  to  the  use  of  such  a  stall, 
which  objections  would  not  hold  for  the 
reinforced   concrete  stall? 

C.  F.   Breen. 

1368  Fullerton  avenue,  Chicago,  111. 

[We   shall   be   pleased    to    hear    from 
other  engineers  on  this  subject. — Ed.] 


The  Decline   of   Prospecting 


This  subject  has  been  approached  from 
various  points  of  view.  The  .June  issue 
of  Mines  and  Methods,  in  an  editorial, 
discusses  the  subject  along  the  probable 
real  lines  that  strongly  influence  condi- 
tions. Recently  a  different  phase  of  the 
question  was  forcibly  called  to  my  atten- 
tion. For  a  number  of  years  past  a  pron- 
erty  had  been  worked  in  a  desultory  sort 
of  way,  yet  in  the  last  three  years  sev- 
eral deposits  such  as  that  to  which  I 
shall  refer  have  been  encountered  and  a 
number  of  cars  of  nominally  high-grade 
ore  have  been  shipped.  Numerous  pros- 
pects in  the  vicinity  have  been  touche.1 
and  a  few  prospectors  continue  to  spen.1 
I  their  grubstake  in  the  adjoining  hills,  do- 
ing their  "little  stint"  each  year  and  living 
in  the  hope  that  "things  will  change." 

Apathy  over  High-grade  Rock  and 
Nuggets 

The  incident  to  which  I  refer  is  that  nf 
I  the  showing,  on  the  streets  of  Helena. 
I  samples  of  gold  rock  that  attracted  about 
I   as  much   attention  as  would   a   piece  of 


brick  wrapped  in  tissue  paper.  These 
samples  were  part  of  a  lot  of  89  lb.  which 
showed  gold  all  through  it.  The  lot,  at  a 
local  assay  office,  yielded  128':.  oz.  of 
gold.  This  came  from  a  place  not  over 
2.-'  miles  from  Helena. 

Coincident  with  this  from  a  more  dis- 
tant camp  are  reports  of  similar  dis- 
coveries, the  gold  of  which  was  in  pieces 
as  large  as  the  slug  of  a  45  six-shooter. 
Again  during  the  last  few  days,  28  oz.  of 
nuggets  were  displayed  in  the  show  win- 
dow of  a  prominent  jewelry  store.  These 
were  taken  from  mother  earth  last  season 
not  over  eight  miles  from  town.  They  at- 
tiacted  passing  attention. 

There  are  yet  left  in  the  hills  of 
Montana  some  of  the  old-time  prospectors 
and  some  of  them  huve  good  prospects, 
but  what  hope  is  there  for  them  when 
such  apathy  is  show-n  toward  such  show- 
ings as  those  above  mentioned?  In  the 
face  of  such  conditions  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  there  is  a  real  decline  in  pros- 
pecting. When  those  who  have  the  hard- 
ihood, and  can  meet  the  costs  of  higher 
living  and  other  conditions  cannot  market 
a  good  property,  even  at  ridiculously  low 
figures,  there  is  little  inducement  to  go 
into  the  hills  as  a  means  of  livelihood. 

Effect  of  Development  of  Copper 
Properties 

Why  these  conditions?  This  is  a  ques- 
tion susceptible  of  many  answers.  There 
is  no  dearth  of  capital  inquiring  for  min- 
ing property.  Under  the  present  condi- 
tions of  the  copper  market,  with  the  con- 
sumers living  in  faith  of  the  low  costs  of 
pioducing,  which  have  been  so  widely  ad- 
vertised, this  capital  is  looking  for  copper, 
even  going  to  extremes  in  silver  districts, 
sinking  deep  that  they  may  find  the  cop- 
per below  the  silver  zone.  This  is  one 
answer  and  pertinent  to  Montana  at  least. 

Around  Helena  there  is  an  area  of  20 
by  35  miles,  which  has  produced  from 
.S250.000.000  to  .■^300.000,000  in  gold  and 
silver  with  some  lead.  Yet  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Corbin.  Radersburg  and  slight 
signs  of  life  at  Marysville,  the  present 
production  is  insignificant. 

That  t^e  country  is  worked  out  can  be 
disproved  in  numerous  places  where  the 
few  prospectors  have  worked  or  are 
working.  There  are  excellent  showings 
nf  gold,  silver,  lead  and  zinc  ores  in  shal- 
Irw  workings,  and  not  i"oonsidcrabIc 
areas  of  dredgeable  ground  that  was  be- 
yond the  reach  of  the  old-time  placer 
miner.  Most  of  these  offer  inducements 
to  sinall  capital  and  small  combinations 
of   capital     for     their     exploitation     and 


would,  if  legitimstely  investigated  and 
developed,  yield  hrge  returns  on  the  in- 
vestments. Then,  too,  there  are  many 
mines  worked  in  the  early  days  that  will 
fully  justify  rehabilitation  and  pay  good 
returns.  The  prospector  and  owner,  not 
having  sufficient  capital,  waits  and  the 
would-be   prospector   hesitates. 

L.  W.  C. 
Helena,  Mont.,  .July  26,   1910. 


The  Weight  of  Learning 


Every  once  in  a  while  an  article  upon 
the  subject  of  the  standardization  of  the 
size  of  technical  books  appears  under  the 
above  or  some  equally  humorous  title. 
Those  who  have  written  before  me  have 
covered  the  subject  far  above  my  power 
to  add  or  detract.  However,  as  all  re- 
forms have  been  effected  by  noising 
abroad  the  existing  evils,  I  wish  to  add 
my  little  share  to  the  noise,  even  if  it  is 
only  by  furnishing  the  "loud  cheers"  for 
the  parentheses. 

Difficult  to  Pack  Books  of  Different 
Sizes 

The  general  cry  seems  to  be  against  the 
motley  array  of  sizes  and  shapes,  and 
the  disparity  of  weight,  of  technical  vol- 
umes. Even  the  engineer  who  carries 
only  what  he  considers  absolutely  indis- 
pensable books  has  a  hard  time  of  it.  The 
best  he  can  do  in  the  way  of  packing 
them  is  not  much  better  than  shipping 
them  loose  in  a  freight  car.  In  fact,  I 
have  often  thought  of  resorting  to  the  lat- 
ter method.  The  books  could  not  arrive 
in  any  worse  condition  and  the  trunk 
would  come  through  much  better.  The 
only  thing  that  has  restrained  me  is  the 
thought  that  the  efficient  corps  of  trunk 
smashers,  employed  by  every  uptodate 
railroad,  could  not  be  fooled  by  so  simple 
an  expedient. 

I  once  had  a  box  built  of  strong,  well 
seasoned  lumber,  securely  put  together 
and  well  braced.  It  had  a  cover  which 
swung  on  heavy  hinges  and  fastened  with 
a  strong  padlock.  It  was  5  ft.  long,  9'S 
in.  wide  and  7  in.  deep,  inside.  This  al- 
lowed six  of  my  books  to  fit  in  without 
chance  of  movement.  The  remaining  3 
ft.  i'  in.  I  filled  with  the  rest  of  my  books 
and  baled  hay.  As  it  did  not  take  much 
hay,  I  suppose  I  should  not  kick,  but 
ever  since  I  first  packed  that  box  I  have 
dreamed  of  a  happy  day  when  all  my 
books  would  go  into  position  and  stay 
there  like  those  first  six — without  the  hav. 
Then  they  would  always  be  packed  for  I 


248 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,  1910. 


would  use  the  box  as  a  bookshelf,  and 
all  that  would  be  necessary  when  chang- 
ing headquarters  would  be  to  lock  it. 

Someone  has  aptly  remarked  that  we 
cannot  expect  the  publishers  to  get  to- 
gether of  their  own  accord  and  adopt  a 
standard  of  size.  One  suggestion  ad- 
vanced was  that  writers  insist  on  their 
efforts  being  published  in  volumes  of 
standard  size.  That  is  a  good  idea.  First, 
however,  the  standard  sizes  must  be  de- 
cided. It  would  seem  to  me  that  the  best 
way  to  settle  the  matter  would  be  through 
the  colleges.  If  all  the.  technical  schools 
in  the  country  would  decide  on  two  or 
three  standard  sizes  and  then  insist  that 
all  textbooks  used  in  those  institutions  be 
printed  in  one  of  those  sizes,  a  big  ad- 
vantage would  be  gained.  The  point  is  !o 
force  the  colleges.  This  might  be  ac- 
complished if  every  man  who  is  inter- 
ested would  write  to  the  school  nearest 
him,  spiritually  or  geographically,  stating 
his  wish  that  the  schools  set  the  standard 
in  this  matter. 

Howard   W.   Morgan. 

Milwaukee,  July  27,  1910. 


Western  Charcoal  Furnaces 


I  note  in  your  issue  of  July  16,  rela- 
tive to  the  formation  of  the  Lake  Supe- 
rior Iron  and  Chemical  Company,  that 
you  state  that  by  the  formation  of  this 
company,  practically  all  of  the  Western 
charcoal  furnaces  are  under  one  manage- 
ment.    This  is  an  error. 

In  addition  to  Marquette  furnace  of  the 
Cleveland-Cliffs  Iron  Company  you  have 
omitted  Gladstone  furnace,  at  Gladstone, 
Mich.,  and  Carp  furnace,  at  Marquette, 
Mich.,  both  owned  by  the  same  company. 
You  have  also  omitted  the  furnace  of  the 
Antrim  Iron  Company,  at  Mancelona, 
Mich.,  the  Cadillac  Furnace  Company,  at 
Cadillac,  Mich.,  the  Spring  Lake  Furnace 
Company,  at  Fruitport,  Mich.,  and  the 
East  Jordan  Furnace  Company,  at  East 
Jordan,  Mich.  These  furnaces  should 
have  a  total  output  of  about  222,000  tons 
of  charcoal  iron  yearly. 

Austin  Ferrall. 
Ma.qu"tte,  Mich.,  July  19,  1910. 


tended  its  use  as  a  packing  material  for 
safes,  steam  pipes  and  as  a  fireproof 
building  material.  -Another  new  use  is 
in  the  manufacture  of  records  for  phon- 
ographs. For  this  purpose  it  is  boiled 
with  shellac  and  the  resulting  product 
has  the  necessary  hardness  to  give  good 
results. 

In  the  preparation  of  infusorial  earth 
for  the  market  it  is  first  roasted  in  order 
to  destroy  all  organic  matter  and  expel 
nearly  all  of  the  water.  It  is  transferred 
to  flame  or  muffle  furnaces  and  heated  at 
a  higher  temperature.  The  earth  is  then 
ground  to  a  fine  powder  and  screened. 
The  moisture  should  be  less  than  1  per 
cent. 

The  market  price  of  infusorial  earth 
for  best  Americr.n  ground  is  I'ic.  per 
lb.  That  of  German  ground,  2' j  to 
25  sC.  per  pound,  f.o.b.  New  York. 
Among  the  New  York  dealers  may  be 
named  W.  H.  Whittaker,  24  Front  street, 
Hammill  &  Gillespie,  240  Front  street, 
and  T.  Van  Amringe,  241  Water  street. 
The  principal  deposits  are  in  California, 
Connecticut,  Illinois,  Maryland,  Massa- 
chusetts, Missouri  and  New  York,  The 
imports  amount  to  S25,000  to  330,000  an- 
nually. 

Air  Meters  and  Cost  of  Copper 


[?](Q^EST10NS^"^ANSWERSir*1| 


Infusorial  Earth 
What   are   the   principal   uses    for   in- 
fusorial earth?     How  it  is  prepared  for 
market.^     What  is  it  worth,  and   where 
are   the   principal   deposits? 

R.  B.  B. 

Until  recently,  the  principal  uses  for 
infusorial  earth  have  been  for  polishing 
powders,  scouring  soaps,  filter  stones, 
as  a  wood  filler,  and  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  dynamite  as  a  holder  of  nitro- 
glycerin. The  porous  structure  also 
renders  it  a  nonconductor  of  heat,  which, 
in  connection   with   its  lightness  has  ex- 


( 1 )  Is  there  any  meter  made  that  will 
show  the  amount  of  air  used  in  a  mine 
to  run  drills  and  other  machines?  The 
situation  is  this:  Air  is  used  from  a 
common  source  both  in  the  mine  and 
smeltery.  It  is  desired  to  find  out  the 
amount  of  air  used  separately  in  the  mine 
and  smeltery. 

(2)  What  is  the  cost  of  producing  one 
pound  of  copper  by  the  system  employed 
by  the  Tennessee  Copper  Company? 

U.  H.  S. 

(1)  Meters  for  measuring  compressed 
air  are  made  by  the  General  Electric 
Company,  30  Church  street.  New  York; 
the  .Metric  Metal  Works,  Erie,  Penn.;  and 
by  G.  C.  St.  John,  140  Cedar  street.  New 
York. 

(2)  The  operating  cost  of  delivering 
one  pound  of  copper  f.o.b.  cars  at  Cop- 
perhill,  Tenn.,  by  the  Tennessee  Copper 
Company  was  0.0928c.  for  1908  and 
0.09153c.  for  1909.  The  total  cost  after 
adding  freights,  commission,  taxes,  legal 
expenses,  administration  and  all  other  ex- 
penses was  10.68c.  per  lb.  The  cost  of 
electrolytic  copper,  after  allowing  for 
silver  and  gold,  was  11.19c.  per  pound. 

Market  for  Antimony  Ore 

Is  there  any  smelter  in  the  United 
States  who  buys  antimony  ore?  Is  there 
any  other  buyer?  What  is  the  value  of 
an  ore  containing  about  62  per  cent,  an- 
timony, together  with  some  silver? 

H.  B.  H. 

No  antimony  smelter  in  the  United 
States  is  operating  at  present.  Most  of 
the  ore  and  metal  houses  will  buy  anti- 


mony ore  for  export.  Consult  the  ad- 
vertising pages  of  the  Journal.  The 
market  for  antimony  ore  is  confined  to  so 
few  smelters  that  the  price  is  chiefly  a 
matter  of  private  contract.  It  may  be 
possible  to  sell  in  Europe  at  a  price  cor- 
responding to  90  per  cent,  of  the  anti- 
mony content  of  the  ore  at  the  market 
quotation  for  the  metal,  less  2'jf(/3c. 
per  lb.  T:-e  subject  of  payment  for  the 
gold  and  silver  content  of  an  antimony 
ore  is  one  upon  which  smelters  are  apt 
to  be  reticent.  European  smelters  pay 
for  the  precious  metals  in  some  cases; 
in  some  cases  they  do  not.  Some  smel- 
ters are  able  to  recover  the  precious 
metals;  others  are  not. 

Molybdenite  Ore 

I  have  a  number  of  molybdenite  claims 
in  British  Columbia,  eight  miles  from 
railroad  station.  The  vein  is  3  to  4  ft. 
wide  and  assays  20  per  cent,  and  upward 
of  molybdenite.  Can  20  per  cent,  molyb- 
denite ore  be  shipped  profitably  from  this 
section?  Can  it  be  concentrated?  If 
so,  what  is  the  process?  Is  there  a 
steady  market  for  this  class  of  ore,  and 
what  is   it  worth? 

E.  K.  M. 
During  1909,  only  about  15  tons  of 
molybdenite  were  produced  in  the  United 
States.  The  demand  for  molybdenite  is 
not  large,  as  its  principal  use  is  in  the 
manufacture  of  molybdenum  steel. 
Molybdenite  is  found  sparingi"  in  many 
parts  of  the  United  States  in  which  gran- 
itic rocks  abound,  though  the  number  of 
places  at  which  it  is  found  in  commer- 
cial quantities  is  not  great. 

The  ease  or  difficulty  of  concentration 
has  much  to  do  with  the  feasibility 
of  mining  molybdenite  deposits.  Unless 
the  mineral  occurs  in  large  lumps,  so 
that  it  may  be  hand  picked,  it  seems  to 
be  difficult  to  find  a  satisfactory  method 
of  separating  molybdenite  from  its 
gangue.  Inventors  of  both  oil  and  elec- 
trostatic methods  of  concentration  claim 
that  molybdenite  can  be  successfully 
concentrated  by  this  method.  However. 
this  has  not  been  worked  out  on  a  com- 
mercial  scale. 

No  separate  record  is  kept  of  the  im- 
ports or  exports  ot  molybdenum  miner- 
als or  salts.  The  quantity,  however,  is 
not  large  in  either  case.  Both  molyb- 
denite and  wulfenite  ores  are  mined.  The 
price  of  molybdenite  ordinarily  ranges 
between  20c.  and  30c.  per  lb.  for  mate- 
rials carrying  92  per  cent,  of  molybden- 
um sulphide.  The  price  of  wulfenite  is 
a  matter  of  contract,  depending  largely 
upon  the  purity  of  the  material.  The 
price  of  the  metal  is  about  SI. 50  per 
pound. 

The  principal  users  of  molybdenite  are 
the  Primes  Chemical  Company,  Primos, 
iJclaware  county,  Penn.:  Friedrich 
Krupp,  Essen,  Germany;  and  Oe  Golia 
&  Atkins,  San   Francisco,  California. 


August  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


249 


July  Dividends 


The  accompanying  table  shows  the 
amount  per  share  and  total  amount  of 
the  dividends  paid  during  July,   1910,  by 


V.  S.  Milling 
Cj.npanie.s. 


Situa- 
tion. 


.*mt.  per 
Share.    Amt.  Paid. 


.\m.  Smelt.  &  Ref 

Co..  pf 

U.S. 

$1.75 

$875,000 

.\in.  Smelt.  &  Ref 

Co.,  com 

U.S. 

1.00 

500,000 

\'.n.  '/Am-  Ixad  .  .  . 

Kan. 

O.iO 

40,060 

Bjsion  A  .\tont..  c 

Mont. 

•1.00 

600,000 

Bunker      Hill      & 

Sull..  S.I 

Ida. 

0.30 

O.S.IOO 

Colorado      Dredg- 

Colo. 

0.2.-> 

25.000 

Couper  Rduge,  c.  . 
Dily-Wcsi.  S.I 

.Mich. 

1.00 

3S4,1.S5 

Utah 

0.30 

54.000 

Crand  Central.  .  .  . 

Utah 

30,000 

GngKenheim  Expl. 

r.  S. 

2.50 

5in.s:i2 

Hecla.  s.l 

Ida. 
S.  Dak. 

0.02 
0.50 

20  000 

Horne.stake,  K  .  .  .  . 

109.200 

International 

Nickel,  com.  .  . . 

N.  Y. 

25.00 

2,218.165 

National  Min 

Nev. 

0.05 

37,500 

New  Idria,  q 

Cal. 

0.30 

.■W.OdO 

Old  Do.ninion.c.. .. 

.\riz. 

0 .  25 

4  ),.".')(! 

Osceola.  0 _ 

Mich. 

4.00 

3S4,iJ,)ll 

Pejrl  Con.s.,  k.  .  .  . 

Wash. 

l.>,7117 

Republic  .Mines,  s. 

Wash. 

25.JdO 

ShilHick-.Ariz.,  c. . 

Ariz. 

1.00 

350,000 

.Snow  .'^lortn,  s.l .  . 

Ida. 

O.Oli 

22,500 

Tonopah,s.g 

Nev. 

0.40 

400,000 

.Situa- 

.\mt. per 

I .  S.  Industrials. 

tion. 

Share. 

.Amt.  Paid. 

Am.  C2ment 

Penn. 

SO.  10 

S20.000 

IJeneral  Cliem..  pf. 

f.  S. 

1. 50 

i.io.ono 

.\'al.  Leld,  com.  .  . 

N.  Y. 

1 .  25 

2.->.s.2;iL' 

Pittsburg  Coal,  pf 

Penn. 

1.25 

371, .'02 

Republic    I.    i    S. 

111. 

1.75 

357,2'JG 

Sloss  Shellield  .... 

Ala. 

1.75 

117,250 

\a.-Car.  Chem.,pf. 

U.S. 

2,00 

360,000 

Foreign  Mining 
Companies. 


Situa- 
tion. 


i.\mt.  per 

'    .Share.    .\mt. 


Paid. 


UufTalo,  s 

Coniaeis.  s 

Crown  Reserve,  s.. 

Esperjnza,  g 

Ciuanijuato  Dev!  . 
Htvlley.  g.  .....  . 

La  Rose,  s 

Uick;,'  Tiger,  g .  .  . 
.M  oKi  n  ley-Dar- 

ragh,  s 

Temiskim'gitH.B 


Ont. 

$0.05 

Ont. 

0.15 

Ont. 

0.15 

Me.x. 

0.30 

.Me.\. 

3 .  00 

B.  C. 

0 .  30 

Ont. 

0.10 

-Mex. 

0.05 

Ont. 

0.05 

Ont. 

3.00 

$50,000 
120,000 
262, ."lOO 
163,SOO 
30.(i()() 
36,000 
14U,S40 
35,750 

112,383 
23,2S3 


a  number  of  mining  and  industrial  com- 
panies in  the  United  States,  Canada  and 
Me.\ico. 


Chronology  of  Mining  for  July, 

1910 

July  1 — Bureau  of  Mines  established 
with  George  Otis  Smith,  director  of  the 
Geological  Survey,  as  temporary  head. — 
Bully  Hill  smeltery,  Shasta  county,  Cal., 
closed  by  order  of  Federal  agents. 

Jii'.y  2 — New  York  State  authorities 
recommend  action  to  abate  alleged  fume 
damages  from  the  smelting  and  chemical 
works,  at  Bayonne.  N.  J. 

July  3— Surface  plant  of  Vulcan  Sul- 
phur Company,  Vulcan,  Colo.,  burned. 

July  ."S — Suit  involving  Creede.  Colo., 
mines,  decided  by  Supreme  Court  after 
II  years'  litigation  and  resumption  on  the 
Amethvst  and  other  mines  can  now  pro- 
ceed. 

July  6 — Water  in  the  Co-^stock  inines 
of  Nevada  lowered  to  2502   ft.,    he  low- 


est point  since  the  flood  of  1885.— Verdict 
against  George  D.  Barron,  of  New  York, 
:'or  .SI  1,529,542  rendered  in  Mexican 
courts,  the  case  growing  out  of  the  nego- 
tiations involving  the  Teziutlan  copper 
mine,  in  Pueblo,  but  not  involving  tne 
Teziutlan  Copper  Company. 

July  7 — The  Mines  Company  of  Amer- 
ica absorbs  the  El  Rayo  and  Dolores 
companies  in  Mexico,  and  increases  capi- 
tal to  $9.000,000.— The  Chino  Copper 
Company  let  a  contract  for  a  3000-ton 
mill  to  be  erected  in  Silver  City  dis- 
trict. New  Mexico. 

July  8— Nevada  "wildcat"  mining  law 
sustained  by  the  State  Supreme  court. 

July  12 — Injunction  against  Davis- 
Daly  tramway,  at  Butte,  dissolved  by 
Supreme  Court. 

July  14 — Apex  suit  against  Tuolumne 
Copper  Mining  company  brought  by  the 
Njrth   Butte  company. 

July  15 — Washoe  sampling  mill,  Butte, 
Mont.,  burned;  loss,  S75,000.— The  Ken- 
non  Coal  Company's  power  plant  at 
Flushing,  W.  Va.,  burned. 

July  18 — Colorado  chapter  of  the 
American  Mining  Congress  organized 
with   D.  W.   Brunton  as  president. 

July  19 — New  Portland  cyanide  mill  at 
Cripple  Creek  started. 

July  25 — Fires  started,  smelting 
begun  at  Tooele  plant  of  International 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company. 

July  26 — Utah  Copper  Company  an- 
nounced its  decision  to  curtail  produc- 
tion because  of  unsatisfactory  market 
conditions. 


Michigan  Men  in  Finland 


Capt.  James  Inch,  of  the  Franklin 
mine,  has  been  placed  in  charge  of  op- 
erations in  Finland,  of  the  Orijarvi  Shaft 
Company,  controlled  by  Houghton,  Mich., 
interests.  The  Orijarvi  shaft  is  50  miles 
from  Helsingfors,  Finland.  President 
John  Daniells  of  the  company  is  at  the 
mine  and  probably  will  remain  there 
about  a  year.  Paul  Routtimn.  chief  car- 
penter boss  for  some  years  at  the  Frank- 
lin, Jr.,  mine,  has  left  Michigan  for 
Helsingfors,  from  where  he  wmII  go  to  the 
Finnish-American  properties  and  super- 
vise the  carpentering  in  the  construction 
of  the  mill  and  concentrator.  The  mill 
and  concentrator  are  to  be  on  Lake  Ori, 
about  five  miles  from  the  Orijarvi  shaft. 
They  will  be  thoroughly  modern  and  will 
be  equioped,  largely,  with  American-made 
machinery.  The  equipment  for  the  plant 
already  has  been  ordered  and  will  arrive 
on  the  ground  during  the  present  sum- 
mer. Only  ore  from  thj  large  stockpile 
of  the  Orijarvi  will  be  handled  in  the  mill 
and  concentrator  for  some  time,  as  a'l 
efforts  in  the  mine  are  being  concentrated 


on  development.  The  stock  pile  contains 
a  large  amount  of  copper  and  zinc  ore, 
which  was  taken  out  of  the  mine  by  its 
ancient  workers. 


Another  Fire  in  the  Geological 
Survey  Building 

Washington    Correspondence 


The  periodical  fire  in  the  Geological 
Survey  building  broke  out  on  July  31 
and  again  imperiled  the  maps  and  rec- 
ords of  the  Survey  in  a  way  that  caused 
the  officials,  who  were  aware  of  the  oc- 
currence, considerr.ble  alarm.  This  was 
the  fifth  time  in  the  last  seven  years  that 
the  Survey  has  suffered  from  the  danger 
of  fire.  On  this  occasion,  the  direct  dam- 
age was  largely  confined  to  a  retail  shoe 
shop  immediately  under  the  quarters  of 
the  Survey,  but  the  possibility  of  loss 
was  even  greater  than  it  has  been  on 
some  former  occasions.  There  was  a 
slight  damage  to  the  books,  inasmuch  as 
the  spray  from  the  chemical  extinguish- 
ers spotted  some  of  them,  and  will  ne- 
cessitate their  being  rebound.  Speaking 
of  the  fire,  Director  George  Otis  Smith 
says : 

"The  fire  which  occured  in  the 
Geological  Survey  building  originated  in 
and  was  largely  confined  to  the  first  floor 
of  the  building,  occupied  by  other  ten- 
ants. It  gives  emphasis,  however,  to  the 
wisdom  of  Congress  in  authorizing  at  its 
last  session  the  preparation  of  plans  for 
a  Government  building  that  will  not  only 
be  better  adapted  to  the  particular  needs 
of  this  scientific  and  map-making  bureau, 
but  will  insure  the  safety  of  the  public 
records  that  have  been  five  times  en- 
dangered by  fire.  The  fire  of  today  orig- 
inated in  one  of  the  several  stores  over 
which  the  Sur^'ey  watch  force  has  no 
control,  but  in  a  few  moments  the  flames 
had  burst  through  into  the  library,  situ- 
ated directly  above.  The  loss  of  Gov- 
ernment property  is  thought  to  be  less 
than  $1000,  but  an  incalculable  loss 
might  easily  have  been  incurred  in  this 
library,  which  is  unique  in  its  collection 
of  geologic  literature,  containing  as  it 
does,  more  than  (55,000  volumes,  as  well 
as  85,000  pamphlets  and  35,000  maps, 
and  constituting  the  most  complete  col- 
lection of  geological  works  and  maps  in 
the  country,  if  not  in  the  world.  The  de- 
struction of  these  by  file  would  have  de- 
prived no'  only  the  geologists  of  the  Sur- 
vey, but  the  scientists  of  America,  of  a 
reference  collection  that  could  not  be  du- 
plicated." 


The  registered  output  of  silver  on  th; 
west  coast,  Tasmania,  reported  by  W.  I'. 
Wallace,  secretary  for  mines,  for  the  first 
quarter  of  1910.  amounted  to  £37.1.'8. 
The  Zeehan-Montana  mine  is  the  largest 
producer. 


250 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as" 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Tube  Mill  Linings  in  Use  on  the 
Rand 


A  tube-mill  lining  invented  by  Mr. 
Osborne,  late  cyanide  manager  of  the 
Glen  Deep,  Ltd.,  has  come  largely  into 
use  on  the  Rand.  It  appears  to  be  a 
modification  of  the  original  El  Oro  lining. 
It  consists  essentially  of  two  bars  placed 
in  such  a  manner  that  with  the  aid  of 
cement  concrete  they  lock  themselves 
in  the  interior  of  the  tube  mill.  The 
horizontal  bar  is  about  2  in.  long  and 
about  vi  in.  wide.  The  other  bar,  at 
right  angles  to  the  first,  is  practically  of 


made  of  specially  hardened  steel,  and 
last  without  renewing  for  about  a  year, 
when  the  bars  need  replacing.  The  use 
of  banket  for  pebbles  is  now  universal 
and  at  the  Dreifontein  mill  of  220  stamps, 
about  1200  tons  per  month  ol  bankets 
are  thus  crushed  direct  in  the  tube  mills. 


Section   of  Tube-mill   Lining 

the  same  section  as  a  grizzly  bar,  and  is 
4  in.  long  and  '4  in.  in  thickness  at  the 
end  projecting  into  the  mill,  and  \]j  in. 
in  thickness  at  the  base.  Concrete  is  laid 
on  the  bottom  and  part  of  the  sides  of  the 
tube  mill,  with  the  bars  placed  in  posi- 
tion, as  shown  in  the  sketch.  The  bars 
should  be  kept  in  position  with  wood 
framing  and  wedges,  while  the  other  por- 
tions of  the   lining   are   being   laid. 

Neglect  of  the  precaution  to  hold  the 
bars  in  position  by  framing  until  all  the 
bars  are  laid  and  the  concrete  is  set  re- 
cently led  to  a  fatal  accident;  a  native 
was  killed  by  the  lining  collapsing  upon 
him.  This  lining  holds  banket  fragments 
between    the     upright    bars,     which     are 


Many  variations  of  this  method  are 
used  in  the  California  oilfields,  but  the 
essential  facts  are  the  same;  first,  a  good 
circulation  to  clear  the  passages  for  the 
cement,  and  second,  the  forcing  of  the 
cement   into   the   spaces. 


Cementing  Off  Water  from  Oil 
Wells 


By  Algernon  Del  Mar* 


Among  the  many  applications  of  the 
use  of  cement  in  the  mining  industry 
none  is  more  interesting  than  the  method 
of  shutting  off  water  from  an  of! 
well.  The  method  is  well  worthy 
of  study  for  modifications  to  suit  the  cir- 
cumstances might  be  employed  by  the 
miner  when  sinking  shafts  in  wet  ground. 
The  usual  method  of  pumping  the  shaft 
sump  free  of  water  while  putting  in  a 
cast-iron  lining  is  expensive,  but  perhaps 
not  more  so  than  the  freezing  process. 
An  oil  well  having  a  comparatively  small 
diameter  as  compared  with  a  shaft,  does 
not  permit  of  the  same  procedure  and  as 
a  consequence  other  methods  have  been 
devised.  The  method  here  described  is 
used  in  the  Coalinga  oilfield,  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

To  begin  with,  the  casing  is  moved  up 
and  down  many  times  and  a  bailer  run 
r.fter  esch  time  to  remove  the  mud  and 
slime  from  the  bottom  of  the  hole.  Then 
in  order  to  get  a  good  circulation  through 
the  water-bearing  formation,  the  casing  is 
filled  to  the  top  with  water  and  a  cap  fas- 
tened on.  A  force  pump  forces  water 
down  this  casing,  around  the  shoe  of  the 
casing  and  outside  of  the  casing  between 
ic  and  the  walls  of  the  hole.  When  a 
perfect  circulation  has  been  obtained,  the 
cap  is  taken  off  and  a  3-in.  pipe  put  down 
to  the  bottom  of  the  hole  through  the 
casing,  which  may  be  10  in.  in  diameter. 
The  pump  is  connected  to  this  3-in.  pipe 
and  a  soft  cement  forced  through  it  and 
then  up  outside  the  casing  filling  the 
space  between  casing  and  walls  of  the 
hole  with  cement.  W^en  all  the  cement 
has  been  pumped  down,  the  casing  is 
dropped  to  the  bottom  and  tightly  forced 
down  to  keep  the  cement  outside  the 
casing.  From  two  to  four  tons  of  cement 
may  be  required  and  after  10  to  14  days 
the  tools  are  lowered  and  the  surplus  ce- 
ment in  the  casing  bored  out. 

'^'     iMS  pnilnpcr.  I.o.s  .Viiircli's.  ral. 


Reinforcement  of  Shafting 


By  James  L.  Bruce* 


In  planning  to  set  mill  machinery  it  is 
customary  to  arrange  the  pulleys,  trans- 
mitting the  heavier  loads,  as  near  the 
bearings  on  the  shaft  as  possible,  in  or- 
der not  to  cause  undue  bending  of  the 
shaft  with  greater  friction,  loss  of  power 
and  breakages.  However,  it  is  frequently 
found  necessary  either  on  the  original 
plans  or  when  subsequently  adding  more 
machinery,  to  place  a  heavily  loaded  pul- 
ley at  some  distance   from  a  shaft  bear- 


@    A 


a 


1" 


©    B 


U 


U  ! 


The  r.ifftHCO-inff  f  Minin/r  Jovn>al 

Method  of  Reinforcing  Line  Shafting 

ing.  This  sometimes  causes  sprung  shaft- 
ing with  its  attendant  delays  and  troubles. 
A  quick  and  cheap  remedy  can  be  sup- 
plied b\-  building  in  an  intermediate  bear- 
ing. Two  heavy  timbers  A  and  B  on  op- 
posite sides  of  the  shafting,  and  parallel 
to  it,  are  bolted  above  or  below  the 
girders  on.  each  side  of  the  pulley.  A 
third  timber  C  is  bolted  to  these  to  hold 
the  intermediate  bearing.  All  belts  are 
then  thrown  off  this  section  of  shafting 
and  the  intermediate  bearing  properly 
lined  in,  belts  replaced  and  machinery 
started  again. 


The  .Miners'  Protective  Association,  of 
Pine  Creek,  has  been  organized  by  30 
operators  and  prospectors  on  the  nortll 
side  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains,  in 
Shoshone  county.  Idaho,  to  save  the 
standing  timber  on  mineral  ground,  as  it 
is  claimed  its  harvesting  would  injure  the 
mining    industry.  ; 

•Miinnirpr.  f'niilimMil.nl  Zinc  romiisui.v.  .Top- 
lln,    Mo. 


Augi;st  (5.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


251 


"air  Leads  on    Dredges 


The  old  type  of  fair  lead,  used  on 
most  of  the  California  dredges  is  satis- 
factory for  handling  the  side  lines,  but 
entirely  inadequate  for  the  bow  lines. 
The  original  type  of  fair  lead  consists  of 
t,vo  horizontal  rollers  between  which  the 
lines   pass.     As   the   boat   is   swung,   the 


(( 

"A 

P    ^ 

^^N 

'<§> 

V  X  (-'-'■"' 

Deck, 

Fig.  1 


are  two  rollers  between  which  the  bow 
line  passes,  set  one  above  the  other  in  a 
heavy  frame.  In  this  frame  there  are 
also  two  rollers  D  and  D'  which  travel 
on  a  track  laid  on  the  boat's  deck  and 
on  an  arc  of  the  circle  whose  center  is 
at  X.  As  the  dredge  swings,  the  arm 
A  rotates  about  its  axis  .V,  the  rollers 
/)  and  D'  traveling  along  the  track  upon 
the  deck.     To  accommodate  the   vertical 


KollecD 


Fig.  3 
Plan  View 


C*C' 


Fig.  4 

Side  View 


yM^/, 


I'ht  £ns/iiieerin'j  ^  Mintn};  Jouj-nal 


Fair  Leads  Used  on  California  Dredges 


Oroville.  The  line  pass;s  between  two 
7-in.  rollers,  10,  mounted  upon  a  frame, 
II.  that  slides  on  two  horizontal  rods.  13. 
This  sliding  motion  allows  for  horizontal 
movement,  and  the  pulleys  take  up  the 
vertical  deflections  of  the  rope  of  the 
bow  line  before  it  passes  to  double-deck 
pulleys.  This  fair  lead  can  be  used  suc- 
cessfully with  banks  up  to  30  ft.  high 
and  allow_  the  dredge  to  swing  200  feet. 


Future    Policy  on  the  Rand* 

Hugh  F.  Marriott,  in  the  course  of  a 
speech  made  at  a  dinner  given  to  him 
by  Lionel  Phillips,  remarked  in  his  final 
summing  up  of  the  future  policy  of  the 
workings  on  the  Rand: 

"Run  your  mills  to  suit  your  inine  and 
not  as  heretofore  your  mine  to  suit  your 
mills.  The  limiting  factor  is  the  amount 
and  efficiency  of  the  labor  force  below, 
which  is  employed  in  extracting  that  por- 
tion of  the  orebodies  standing  on  the 
company's  books  as  capable  of  producing 
a  fair  profit.  All  other  details  of  mine 
and  surface  operations  are  subservient 
to   this   item. 

"Generally  speaking,  the  hanging  up 
of  a  certain  number  of  stamps  in  a  Wit- 
watersrand  mill  has  given  rise  to  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  apprehension  in  the  minds 
of    shareholders.      The    operation    of    a 


rollers  are  supposed  to  revolve  with  a 
rope,  allowing  it  to  run  smoothly.  How- 
ever, grooves  are  soon  worn  on  the  roll- 
ers so  that  the  lines  do  not  slide  freely 
and  as  a  consequence  are  subjected  to 
excessive  wear  and  as  soon  as  they  be- 
come worn,  they  no  longer  rotate  as  the 
line  phys  between  them.  A  fair  lead  of 
this  type  takes  up  vertical  motion  of 
lines,  but  is  absolutely  worthless  when 
the  lines  swing  horizontally.  Fig.  1 
shows  an  end   view  of  this   fair  lead. 

The  Miles  Fair  Lead 

Fig.  2  shows  two  fair  leads  which  were 
designed  by  J.  H.  Miles,  superintendent 
of  the  Folsom  division  of  the  Natomas 
company,  and  which  arc  now  used  on 
many  of  the  California  dredges.  The  one 
shown  in  Fig.  2  is  used  for  the  port-bow 
line.  It  consists  simply  of  a  heavy  block 
or  pulley  fastened  by  a  swivel  to  a  staple 
on  the  deck  of  the  boat.  As  shown  in 
the  sketch  the  axle  of  the  pulley  wheel 
is  held  in  a  frame  made  of  a  single  piece 
"f  steel  plate  bent  up  on  either  side  of 
the  point  to  which  the  swivel  is  fixed. 
On  the  port  side  old  bucket-chain  cables 
are  used  for  bow  lines  and  usually  last 
about  eight  months. 
The  fair  lead  used  on  the  starboard 
ide  of  the  dredge  is  shown  in  Figs.  3 
■ind  4.  A  swinging  arm  A  is  pivoted  on 
a  vertical  axis  .Y.  to  a  piece  of  sheet  steel 
f^ent  about  a  horizontal  axis  fi  on  the 
! .ck.  At  the  other  end  of  the  arm  is  the 
arrangement  for  guiding  the  line.     There 


o 


c 


o 


o 


n 


T3^ 


D 


-J  I'i    * — 


o 


o 
o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


Fig.  5.   Front  Elevation  and  Plan— Horto.-;  Fair  Lead 


motion  of  the  line  the  arm  A  may  swing 
about  the  horizontal  axis  B.  Thus,  mo- 
tion of  the  line  in  all  directions  is  taken 
care  of  and  free  play  is  provided  for. 
there  being  a  minimum  of  friction  at  all 
times. 

Horton  Fair  Lead 

The  Horton  fair  lead  has  lately  been 
introduced  on  some  of  the  boats  operat- 
ing near  Oroville.  Gal.  Fig.  .=>  shows  a 
front  elevation  and  plan  of  this  fair  lead, 
the   invention   of  Eugene   L.    Horton,  of 


lesser  number  of  crushing  units  means, 
of  course,  reduced  tonnage,  but  the  pub- 
lic needs  educating  up  to  the  fact  that 
the  hanging  up  of  a  certain  number  of 
stamps  does  not  necessarily  mean  a  re- 
duced profit.  On  the  contrary,  it  may 
mean  a  larger  earning  as  figures  from 
the  Robinson  Deep  prove.  It  will  be  our 
endeavor  to  direct  attention  to  further 
examples   of  true   economy   being   prac- 


*.\lislinrl   of  .nil  .nrlirlo  In  the  foiilh  Afri- 
itiii   Mill.  .Iiiiini.,   Ma.T   14,   IfllO. 


252 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  3.   1910. 


tised    i.i    this   manner    when    such    cases 
come  lindcr  our  notice. 

"It  is  all  very  well  for  a  mine  to  con- 
tinue to  run  its  rated  mill  capacity  so 
long  as  its  operation  is  consistent  with 
true  economy  and  the  normal  ore  of  the 
mine,  but  when  a  battery  is  kept  running 
at  full  capacity  with  a  shortage  of  la- 
bor, necessitating  e:;tensivo  machine 
drilling  and  the  widening  of  stopes  mere- 
ly to  avoid  the  publication  of  a  state- 
ment showing  that  a  portion  of  t  e  plant 
is  idle,  the  system  certainly  calls  for 
reform." 


Methods    of    Mine    Surveying 


By  W.  H.  Hendrickson  * 


While  mine  surveying  is  simple  in 
principle,  speed  and  accuracy  depend  up- 
on the  use  of  methods  adapted  to  con- 
ditions and  as  self-checking  as  practic- 
able. Both  the  underground  and  surface 
surveys  should  start  from  the  same  base- 
line and  origin  of  coordinates.  A  long, 
straight  crosscut  tunnel  makes  th?  best 
baseline  for  both,  the  line  defined  by 
permanent  plugs  in  the  roof.  The  true 
bearing  of  this  should  be  determined 
from   Polaris  at  elongation. 

Surface  Work 

In  surface  work  the  points  may  be 
carried  on  stakes  3  ft.  long  by  2  in. 
sqvare,  placed  at  commanding  points,  ex- 
tending about  18  in.  above  ground  and 
supported  by  stones,  topped  by  a  lOd. 
nail.  Backsights,  foresights  and  eleva- 
tions are  taken  on  the  nailhead.  A  300- 
ft.  tape  is  a  convenient  length. 

At  each  setup,  the  horizontal  angle  to 
the  right,  and  vertical  angle  to  foresigh: 
with  telescope  both  upright  and  plunged, 
the  magnetic  bearings,  inclined  distance 
and  hight  of  instrument  are  noted.  Add:- 
tiona!  foresights  on  stakes  some  distance 
back  are  useful  as  checks.  A  direct  ob- 
servation on  the  sun  to  check  bearings 
is  useful. 

Underground  Surveys 
Underground  work  consists  of  tiie 
basic  transit  survey  of  levels,  shafts  and 
raises,  and  the  supplementary  stope  sur- 
veys, which  may  be  made  with  a  hand- 
transit  compass.  The  transit  survey 
should  be  a  closed  survey,  returning  on 
temporary  points  if  necessary.  The  sur- 
vey points  may  be  K-in.  screw  eyes, 
placed  vertically  in  wooden  plugs  driven 
into  holes  drilled  in  the  roof,  or  screwed 
into  timbers.  The  instrument  is  set  up 
under  a  plumbbob,  and  back  and  fore- 
sights taken  on  a  plumbbob  string,  a  piece 
of  opaque  white  paper  being  held  behind 
the  string  and  a  light  at  the  side  of  the 
string. 

The  procedure  is:  Set  "A"  vernier  at 
zero,  sight  on  backsight,  note  magnetic 
bearing;    sight   on    foresight,   note    hori- 

'M'plii"   ciiplniMT.    ^^■|lill■    I'lnliiM,    \.    Y. 


zontal  angle  to  th3  right,  also  the  mag- 
netic bearing.  Sec  that  the  difference 
of  magnetic  bearings  check  the  angle. 
Repeat  trie  angle  with  plunged  telescope 
and  "B"  vernier.  Measure  the  horizon- 
tal distance.  The  note  book  should  con- 
tain columns  for:  Course,  horizontal  an- 
gle, true  bearing,  magnetic  bearing,  hori- 
zontal distance,  backsight  and  magnetic 
bearing  to  backsight.  The  elevations 
should  be  taken  by  rod  leveling.  The 
stations  should  be  numbered  according 
to  some  system,  so  that  the  different 
mine  workings  can  be  conveniently  re- 
ferred to  them,  as  "7  crosscut,"  "100 
level,"  "102  stope,"  etc. 

SH-i^FT   Plumbing 

In  plumbing  shafts,  two  No.  12  copper 
wires  may  be  each  supported  through  a 
notch  filed  in  the  head  of  a  30d.  hail  at 
45  deg.  into  the  edge  of  a  timber  nailed 
across  the  shaft.  Weights  immersed  in 
pails  of  water,  are  hung  on  the  ends  of 
the  wires.     The  sights  are  taken  tangent 


A  Simple   Charcoal   <J/en 
By  a.  Livingstone  Oke* 


I 


^ 


f^'^^^^^^^^^m^pmrnM^y 


Gravel  Bank  of  River  or  Glacial  Drift 

siifnciently  firm  to  Stand  withont 

Flakins  off. 


^W/7MM"' 


-21-4— 


^.^^^     '^hort  Scr  b  oak  laid  transversely. 

F  ue  T  V  gs  or  small  Brushwood,     to 


=KS 


^)\  Channel  cat  in  Floor  fi's  s'and 
^^'        Pavel  with  Flat  Stones. 


Longitudinal  Section 

Type  of  Charcoal  Oven  Used  in  the  Andes 


The  accompanying  notes  and  sketches 
show  a  type  of  charcoal  oven  commonly 
used  in  Chile  and  elsewhere  in  South 
America.  The  oven  is  excavated  in  a  bank 
of  gravel  sufficiently  cemented  to  stand 
without  flaking  or  scaling.  Ordinary  re- 
cent alluvial  or  glacial  drift  is  suitable 
for  the  purpose. 

Charging  the  Oven 

The  oven  is  charged  by  first  laying 
small  brushwood  in  the  air  channel  shown 
along  the  bottom  and  the  floor  is  also 
covered  over  a  few  inches  deep  with  the 
same  material.  The  sticks  of  wood  are 
then  laid  across  the  oven,  on  top  of  the 
layer  of  brushwood.  When  the  oven  is 
full  almost  to  the  mouth,  allowing  space 
for  the  double  wall  of  turf  or  stone,  a 
quantity  of  dry  twigs  and  easily  burning 


Chimney  opened 
from  Inside  by  a 
long  Bar. 


roove  at  the 
lacli  to  allow 
Passage  of 
Gases     to 
Chimney. 


'^%?>^-ilr  Channel 

Cross  Section 
of  Oven. 

The  Etiffineerinp  $  Mining  Journal 


Two  larg^  Flat  Stones 
to  Bridge  over  the  Air 
Channel. 


to  the  wires.  A  small  cord  stretched  to 
both  wires  is  a  convenience  in  setting 
up  the  instrument. 

Stope  Surveys 
Stope  surveying,  for  stope  and  assay 
maps,  may  be  done  with  a  Brunton  or 
other  compass,  by  using  a  course  of  the 
transit  survey  as  a  baseline  and  taking 
the  angle  between  beck  and  fore  mag- 
netic bearings  at  each  sight.  The  out- 
line of  stopes  may  be  shown  by  taking 
contours  at  convenient  regular  interval,-;. 
For  example,  in  a  vertical  orebody  with 
square-set  timbering,  take  the  outline  of 
each  floor.  These  contours  may  be 
mapped  on  tracing  cloth,  one  map  for 
each  mine  level.  The  maps,  being  semi- 
transparent,  can  be  superimposed  to 
show  the  course  of  an  orebody  through 
the  mine.  From  the  stope  maps  enlarged 
sheets  can  be  made  for  the  assay  maps. 


The  interest  displayed  in  Mattagami 
lignite  has  decided  the  Canadian  gov- 
ernment to  operate  a  plant  for  test- 
ing peat  and  lignite.  In  the  vicinity  of 
Hudson  bay  there  are  thousands  of 
cn"arf>  miles  of  peat  bogs. 


wood  is  put  in  the  front  and  ignited.  This 
fire  in  the  mouth  is  kept  going  for  an 
hour  or  more,  fresh  fuel  being  added  to 
prevent  too  much  of  the  wood  inside  from 
being  consumed.  This  preliminary  firing 
is  to  get  the  charge  thoroughly  heated, 
and  during  this  stage  the  greater  bulk 
of  the  gases  and  volatile  matter  come  off 
in  dense  clouds  of  dark  smoke. 

Sealing  the  Oven 

When  considered  to  be  properly  ignited, 
the  double  wall  is  built,  the  inner  part 
being  first  completed  up  to  the  roof  and 
then  the  outer  wall  built,  fine  sand,  clay 
or  earth,  being  rammed  tightly  between 
them,  to  render  the  mouth  air  tight,  ex- 
cept the  small  air  channel,  left  for  the 
admission  and  control  of  the  air  along 
the  bottom  of  the  oven.  The  operation 
of  closing  the  mouth  is  the  more  im- 
portant because  on  it  depends  the  success 
of  the  whole  firing.  If  insufficiently 
stopped,  air  will  enter,  resulting  in  the 
reduction  of  wood  to  cinder  and  loss  of 
most  or  all  of  the  charge. 

•Miiiiiiir  t'liiini'ei'.  .\iTPnlini>  &  (Jcneral 
Kxpldi'jitidii    ('<»nii>nn,v.    Ilodoo,    Snii    .Iiinn,   At^ 


August  6,  191 0. 


THe   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


253 


The  air  channel  at  the  bottom  is  left 
open  until  the  smoke  coming  out  is  a 
thin  white  color,  which  may  be  in  from 
12  to  24  hours,  and  then  this  opening  is 
also  carefully  scaled  up.  The  upper  end 
of  the  chimney  is  left  open  a  little  longer 
and  finally  closed  with  clay.  The  oven 
is  now  left  three  or  more  days,  to  cool 
down;  if  it  is  opened  too  soon  there  is  a 
risk  of  the  charcoal  starting  to  burn 
again. 

Yield  of  Charcoal 

The  particular  oven  shown  was  ex- 
cavated in  fairly  firm  gravel  for  3  pesos 
per  meter  (one  Argentine  peso  equals 
44c.),  costing  altogether  about  25  pesos, 
including  stone  work,  chimney,  wheeling, 
etc.  A  native  miner  will  drift  about  one 
meter  per  day  in  this  class  of  ground  on 
contract.  The  oven  will  hold  about  5000 
lb  of  wood.  If  properly  fired  it  will  pro- 
duce 1170  lb.  of  charcoal.  The  contract 
price  delivered  at  the  mines  is  34.20  pesos 
i-er  ton  of  2000  pounds. 

The  wood  available  at  these  mines,  in 
the  province  of  San  Juan,  Argentine,  at 
an  altitude  of  more  than  10,000  ft.,  is  a 
hard  but  highly  gaseous  scrub  oak.  The 
charcoal  produced  is  dense  and  heavy, 
with  a  clean,  silky  fracture.  It  makes 
excellent  fuel  for  a  wind  or  muffle  assay 
furnace.  In  the  forge  it  will  give  a  fair 
welding   heat. 

One  sack  (58  lb.)  of  this  charcoal  in  a 
wind  furnace,  nine  inches  square,  will 
give  four  fusions  of  nine  pots,  at  a  cost 
of  about  three  centavos  per  pot.  It  will 
be  noted  that  the  percentage  of  charcoal 
produced  is  23.7  of  the  original  weight 
of  the  wood.  By  analysis,  this  same 
wood  only  gives  26  to  33  per  cent,  car- 
bon. The  charcoal  from  the  oven  will 
probably  retain  some  gas  but  the  effi- 
ciency would  still   seem  to  be  excellent. 

Modification  oh  Oven  Increases  Yield 

The  charcoal  has  4  to  5  per  cent,  of  ash, 
equal  to  I  per  cent,  in  the  original  wood. 

To  obtain  this  maximum  output  of  char- 
coal, I  found  it  desirable  to  modify  the 
oven  and  the  mode  of  operating  it  as 
follows:  A  second  chimney  was  put 
in  the  center  of  the  oven.  The  front  of 
the  furnace  is  now  carefully  closed,  air 
tight,  and  the  charge  fired  at  the  bot- 
tom by  means  of  the  entrance  to  the  air 
channel  left  for  the  purpose.  On  first 
firing,  the  chimney  at  the  back  is  kept 
closed  until  only  white  smoke  issues  from 
the  one  in  the  center.  Then  the  latter  is 
closed  and  the  back  opened.  Finally  all 
three  openings  are  closed  and  the  oven 
left  to  cool. 

In  the  matter  of  charging  the  wood,  it 
was  also  found  better  to  stand  the  wood 
upright  with  the  bigger  ends  uppermost. 
These  various  modifications  on  the  usual 
native  method  of  operating  increased  the 
output  from  16.4  per  cent,  to  the  23.7 
per  cent.,  as  given  in  the  figures  above. 


Cable  Drum  for  Lowering  Timber 

One  of  the  best  cable  drums  for  letting 
mine  timber  and  lagging  down  a  shaft  is 
shown  in  the  accompanying  sketches. 
This  form  is  in  use  by  most  of  the  under- 
ground mines  of  northern  Minnesota. 

The  timber  or  lagging  is  loaded  on  a 
small  car  and  pushed  to  the  edge  of  the 


The  shafts  are  lined  with  plank  placed 
vertically,  so  that  the  bundle  of  moving 
timbers  does  not  catch  in  the  shaft  tim- 
bering. 


Shaft 

Device  for  Lowering  Timbers  in  Iron 
Mines 

shaft.  A  double  slip  noose  is  placed 
around  the  timber  and  the  rear  end  of 
the  car  raised  up  so  the  load  drops  into 
the  shaft.  It  is  allowed  to  drop  slowly 
down  the  shaft  by  the  friction  band  E, 
controlled  by  the  levet  L.    As  the  rope  A 


AB 


Drum 


Tht  Enffintfring  twining  Journal 

Horizontal  Plan  of  Cable  Drum  for 
Timber  Shaft 

is  unwinding,  the  rope  B  is  being  wound 
up  and  is  kept  to  the  side  of  the  shaft 
by  a  guide  at  M  on  the  collar  of  the  shaft. 
The  end  of  rope  B  reaches  the  collar  as 
the  load  strikes  bottom;  and  another  load 
is  then  attached  to  rope  H,  which  again 
pulls  up  the  unloaded  rope  with  chain. 

The  drum  is  of  sufficient  length  to  al- 
low for  any  length  of  rope.  The  larger 
the  load  handled,  more  turns  of  rope  are 
necessary  to  hold  it.  A  -lil-in.  wire  rope 
is  used  in  most  cases  and  will  wear  for 
years.  The  friction  band  £  is  made  of 
strap    iron   4    in.    wide    and    '^    in.   thick. 


Sampler   for  Lead  Concentrates 

The  sampler  shown  in  the  accompany- 
ing drawing  was  designed  and  used  by 
a  southeast  Missouri  lead  company  for 
sampling  carloads  of  concentrates.  The 
sampler  cuts  a  core  from  the  top  to  the 
bottom  of  the  car  and  retains  the  wet 
sludgy  lead  at  the  bottom,  thus  giving  a 
sample  which  represents  the  true  moist- 
ure and  lead  percentage  of  the  shipment. 
The  34 -in-  P'pe  slips  inside  the  outer  one 
and  the  sampler  is  thrust  to  the  bottom 
of  the  car,  either  by  shoving  or  ham- 
mering the  top  of  this  pipe  which  extends 
above  the  sampler  proper.  The  inner 
pipe  is  then  removed  and  a  few  turns 
given   the    sampler     which     causes    the 

Slipped  insiilc 


Sharpened  oa  .  — j- — -_ 

Inside  Kdge  \ /s~T     Steel  Plug 

Cross  Section        '(  ^-^ jjolutcd 

A.  ft  Ihreaded 

Ttit  Engineering  i  Mining  Journal 

Sampler  fop  Lead  Concentrates 

sharpened  slot  to  cut  an  even  sample. 
The  sampler  is  then  pulled  up  and  the 
lead  knocked  out  through  the  top  onto 
an  iron  pan.  Three  rows  of  four  holes 
each  are  taken  regularly  over  the  car  and 
this  entire  sample  quartered  down.  The 
J."; -in.  slot  in  the  sampler  is  made  by  pry- 
ing open  one  edge  along  a  cut.  The  in- 
side edge  of  the  projecting  side  of  the 
slot  is  filed  down  to  a  sharp  edge. 


In  advocating  overhead  stoping  as  com- 
pared with  underhand  stoping,  the  South 
African  Mining  Journal  gives  as  the  ad- 
mitted reason  for  the  prevalence  of  the 
latter  method  on  the  Rand,  "the  inability 
of  the  majority  of  the  native  drill  "boys' 
to  do  good  w^ork  in  overhead  stopes.  It 
does  not  appear  to  us  that  sufficient  at- 
tention has  been  given  to  the  varying 
abilities  of  the  different  natives.  How- 
ever, the  human  arm  has  its  limiiations  as 
a  mechanical  tool,  and  it  is  pretty  clear 
that  back-stoping  on  these  fields  can  best 
be  carried  out  by  machine  drills." 


254 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,  1910. 


The    American    Peat    Society 

Special  Correspondence 


The  annual  convention  was  held  at 
Ottawa,  commencing  July  25.  under  the 
presidency  of  Dr.  Eugene  Haanel,  di- 
rector of  the  Mines  Branch  of  the  Canad- 
ian Department  of  Mines.  About  50  del- 
egates were  in  attendance,  including  rep- 
resentatives of  the  peat  industry  in  the 
United  States.  Canada,  Great  Britain. 
Brazil  and  Sweden.  Controller  Hinchey 
extended  a  welcome  on  behalf  of  the 
city  of  Ottawa,  and  pointed  out  the  ad- 
vantages which  the  community  would  de- 
rive from  the  development  of  the  peat 
industry.  Among  the  papers  read  at  the 
morning  session  was  one  by  Alex.  Dob- 
son,  of  Beaverton.  Ont.,  on  the  "History 
of  the  Peat  Industry  in  Can:da."  Among 
other  interesting  facts  he  noted  that  half 
a  century  ago  the  peat  bogs,  near  Farn- 
ham,  Que.,  for  a  year  supplied  fuel  for 
an  entire  division  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway.  It  was  found  that  owing  to 
crude  and  uneconomic  processes  the  peat 
was  not  thoroughly  dried  and  was  more 
expensive  than  coal  and  the  producing 
company  failed;  but  with  better  methods 
a  profitable  industry  could  be  developed. 
Prof.  Chas.  A.  Davis,  peat  expert  of  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Mines,  pre- 
sented a  summary  of  the  work  of  the 
Society  and  of  the  peat  investigation 
branch   of  the   bureau. 

The  Peat  Plant  at  Alfred 

The  afternoon  was  devoted  to  a  visit 
to  the  Government  peat  plant  at  Alfred, 
where  the  system  was  seen  in  operation 
and  fully  explained  by  A.  Anrep,  Jr..  of 
the  Department  of  Mines,  a  son  of  the 
the  inventor  of  the  Anrep  peat-manufac- 
turing machine.  The  following  figures 
showing  cost   were   presented: 

It  costs  SOc.  per  ton  to  dig  the  peat, 
8c.  per  1000  bricks  for  drying,  15c.  per 
ton  for  stacking,  10c.  per  ton  for  trans- 
portation to  the  storage  shed,  and  20c. 
per  ton  for  transport  to  the  railway. 

At  the  evening  session  Hon.  Clifford 
Sifton,  chairman  of  the  Conservation 
Commission,  delivered  an  address,  em- 
phasizing the  importance  of  utilizing  the 
peat  resources  in  view  of  the  rapid  ex- 
haustion of  the  coal  and  wood  supply. 
Dr.  Eugene  Haanel  spoke  of  the  peat 
situation  in  Canada,  saying  that  the 
niethods  which  had  proved  successful  in 
Europe  were  being  followed.  The  Canad- 
ian coal  deposits  were  situated  in  the 
far  East  and  in  the  West  and  the  long 
hauls  to  the  central  provinces  left  the 
country  at  present  dependent  on  outside 
resources  for  its  coal  supply.  At  present 
no  estimate  could  be  formed  of  the 
enormous  extent  of  the  peat  bogs;  the 
37,000  square  miles  already  known, 
forming  probably  only  a   fraction  of  the 


toi.ll.  The  Government  plant  at  Al- 
fred would  have  2000  tons  of  good 
dried  peat  by  fall,  which  would  be  used 
in  the  Government  gas-producing  plants 
at  Ottawa.  Its  cost  on  the  cars  at  Al- 
fred would  be  about  SI. 60  per  ton,  and 
it  could  be  produced  more  cheaply.  Dr. 
Arthur  Mighill,  of  Boston,  rjad  a  paper 
on  the  "Peat   Po\ver  Generator." 

At   the   morning   session,   July   26,   of- 
ficers were  elected  as  follows:  President, 


Production  and  Cost  of    Michigan 
Copper   in    1909 


The  accompanying  table  shows  the  pro- 
duction and  cost  of  copper  as  compiled 
from  the  reports  issued  by  the  companies 
named.  It  also  gives  the  tons  of  ore 
milled  and  the  number  of  pounds  of  re- 
fined copper  produced  per  ton  of  ore 
from  the  Lake  Superior  district. 


PROnrCTION   OF 

SQME    MICHIGAN  COPPER    MI.XES    IN    1009 

Name. 

Tons 
Milled. 

Production  of 
Copper  in 
Pounds. 

Pounds  of 
Refined 
Copper 
per  Ton 
.Milled. 

Cost  of 

Mining  and 

Milling 

per  Ton, 

Including 

Taxes. 

Total  Cost 

per  Pound 

of  Refined 

Copper. 

.^hineek 

406,045 
253,049 
814,260 
196,525 
753,908 
170,346 
401,280 
139,404 
148,172 
819.019 
1,494,845 

689,099 
323,408 
118,605 

9,198,110 

4,031,532 

17.817.836 

2,583.793 

18.005,071 

1,615. .5.56 

5.719,015 

1,723,436 

1,979,305 

11,248,474 

25.296.657 

22,511,984 

13,533,207 

5.282,404 

1,062,218 

2'  7 
is  93 
"1.88 
13.15 
23   88 
9.47 
14.3 
12   36 
13.36 
13 ,  73 
16.9 

19.6 
16.33 
8  96' 

SI  .72 
1    54 
1  ,554 
1.818 
1  .804 
1.941 
1.87 

1.46' 

1.36 

'2:44' 
2.09 
1.22? 

15 ,  48c. 
13  39 

Baltii 

7.98 

15  61 

8.45 

13  .35 

Nil-  Kovale      

16.64 

\l,i,~                              

Mohawk              

11  207 

9.47 

(Juincv 

9.98 

14  30 

Tri  mountain        

13  89 

17.09? 

Dr.  Eugene  Haanel,  Ottawa;  vice-presi- 
dents, for  Eastern  States,  John  N.  Hoff, 
New  York;  for  Great  Lakes  and  Missis- 
sippi valley,  eastern  division,  Carl  Klein- 
sturek,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.;  western  di- 
vision, L.  B.  Lincoln,  Chicago;  Southern 
States,  Robert  Ranson.  St.  Augustine, 
Fla.;  Pacific  States.  C.  V.  Imeson.  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.;  Canada,  Dr.  J.  A\cW\\- 
liam,  London.  Ont.;  New  York  section. 
Dr.  Charles  T.  McKenna,  New  York;  New- 
England  section,  O.  E.  Moulton,  Dover, 
N.  H.;  Minnesota  section.  Max  Toltz,  St. 
Paul;  secretary-treasurer,  Julius  Bor- 
dello, Kingsbridge.  New  York  City.  Kal- 
amazoo was  chosen  as  the  next  place  of 
meeting. 

L.  B.  Lincoln,  of  Chicago,  criticized  the 
hand-labor  methods  of  the  Government 
peat  plant,  claiming  that  the  Peat  En- 
gineering Company,  which  has  a  plant 
at  Farnham,  Que.,  employing  only  two 
men,  was  makng  twice  as  much  peat  as 
the  Government  plant  with  20  hands. 
Papers  were  read  by  Dr.  J.  McWilliam, 
of  London,  Ont.,  on  "Drying  Pe::t,"'  and 
by  Philip  Heseltine,  of  Detroit,  on  "A 
Well  Equipped  Peat  Fuel  Plant  and  How 
to  Operate  It."  In  the  afternoon  the  del- 
egates visited  the  Government  fuel-test- 
ing plant  at  Ottawa.  In  the  evening  they 
were  entertained  at  a  banquet  at  the  Ho- 
tel Victoria,  .^ylmer,  at  which  the  prin- 
cipal speakers  were  Hon.  Sydney  Fisher, 
Dominion  Minister  of  Agriculture;  Col- 
onel Foster,  U.  S,  Consul,  and  Prof. 
Charles   A.   Davis. 

The  Canadian  Peat  Society  was  organ- 
ized in  affiliation  with  the  Ainerican  society, 
to  work  along  similar  lines,  with  Dr.  J. 
McWilliam,  London,  Ont,,  as  president; 
A.  J.  Forward,  secretary-treasurer,  with 
headquarters  at   Ottawa. 


Quarterly    Report    of    the    Nevada 
Consolidated  Copper  Company 


The  statement  of  the  affairs  of  the  Ne- 
vada Consolidated  Copper  Company  for 
the  third  quarter  of  the  fiscal  year 
ending  Sept.  30.  1910,  has  just  been  pub- 
lished by  the  secretary  of  the  company. 
The  production  of  copper  during  this  pe- 
riod amounted  to  18,173.676  lb.:  In  April, 
5,822,351  lb.;  May.  6,164,493  lb.;  June, 
6,186,832  lb.  Ore  treated  during  the 
third  quarter  averaged  2  per  cent,  copper 
as  against  1.99  per  cent,  in  the  second 
quarter  and  2  per  cent,  in  the  first 
quarter  of  the  fiscal  year.  The  cost  of 
producing  copper  during  the  quarter,  after 
writing  off  for  depreciation  of  the  Step- 
toe  plant,  is  stated  as  6.34c.  per  lb.  as 
against  7.89c.  for  the  preceding  quarter. 

For  the  period  under  consideration  a 
credit  of  $49,322  is  made  under  liabilities 
as  "metal  reserve."  This  represents  the 
amount  received  during  the  quarter  for 
copper  in  excess  cf  the  average  of  the 
nietal  at  which  profits  were  figured.  The 
net  profit  for  the  quarter  is  shown  to  be 
S401,317  after  'paying  dividend  No.  3 
amounting  to  S746,479  and  writing  off  the 
depreciation  of  the  Steptoe  plant  to  the 
amount  of  $132,901. 

Liberty  Orebody  to  Be  Opened 

During  the  time  reviewed  the  board  of 
directors  authorized  the  opening  of  the 
Liberty  orebody.  which  should  further  in- 
crease the  available  ore  reserves.  The 
work  of  installing  the  necessary  tracks 
and  other  preliminaries  for  removing 
over-burden  is  stated  to  be  progressing 
rapidly.      This    rneans    that    the    Nevada 


August  (i,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


Consolidated  will  now  have  the  Eureka 
pit,  Liberty  pit  and  the  Ruth  mine  as 
sources  from  which  to  draw  ore. 

Operations  for  nine  months  of  the  fiscal 
year  have  resulted  in  the  production  of 
44.672.084  lb.  of  copper  and  a  net  credit 
of  $317,834  to  the  surplus  account  after 
providing  for  three  quarterly  dividends 
and  for  depreciation  of  the  Steptoo  plant. 

All  bonds  except  one  of  500-dollar  is- 
sue have  been  retired;  this  has  not  been 
presented  for  redemption.  The  mortgage 
securing  the  bond  issue  was  canceled 
Ji'.ne  9.  1910.  At  the  date  of  issuing  the 
report  it  is  stated  that  1,270,859  out  of  a 
total  of  1,300,000  shares  of  Cumberland- 
Ely  stock  have  been  exchanged  for  stock 
in  the  Nevada  Consolidated  under  the 
terms  of  the  offer  made  to  the  stockhold- 
ers of  the  former  company  last  No- 
vember. 


Electric  Iron  Smelting 

The  following  table  showing  compara- 
tive analyses  of  the  pig  iron  produced  U 
Heroult  in  the  electric  shaft  furnace 
should  accompany  the  article  published 
or  page  269  of  this  issue. 

Since  that  article  was  written  addi- 
tional information  regarding  the  opera- 
tion of  electric  shaft  furnaces  for  smelt- 


Calumet  &   Hecla 

The  report  of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla 
Mining  Company  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
April  30,  1910,  shows  a  production  of 
mineral  equal  to  78,652,618  lb.  of  copper 
or  27.44  lb.  per  ton  of  rock  stamped  as 
against  30.06  lb.  for  the  previous  year. 
On  this  result  dividends  amounting  to  30 
per  share  or  a  total  of  S3,000,000  were 
paid. 

Production  of  the  Sevekal  Lodes 

Of  the  total  copper  produced,  the  Con- 
glomerate lode  yielded  65,361,814  lb.  or 
32.25  lb.  of  copper  per  ton  of  rock 
stamped  and  the  Osceola  lode,  13,231,769 
lb.  of  copper  or  15.85  lb.  per  ton  of  rock; 
as  against  35.03  and  17.06  lb.  respec- 
tively for  the  previous  year.  Work  on 
the  Kearsarge  lode  was  carried  on 
throughout  the  year,  but  only  4800  tons 
of  rock  were  stamped,  yielding  59,035  lb. 
of  copper  at  a  cost  of  4.75  cents  per 
pound. 

The  development  work  on  the  Con- 
glomerate and  Osceola  indicates  the  aver- 
age copper  content  to  be  about  the  same 
as  that  of  the  year  under  review,  but  the 
improvements  on  the  latter  have  effected 
a  decrease  in  the  cost  of  production  and 
an  increase  in  the  capacity  of  the  shafts. 


CO.MP.\I!.\TIVE    ,\N.\I,Y.SE.S    OF    PIC.    IHON    PRODUCED    AT    HEROULT    IN 

SH.\FT    Fl'RN.^CE. 


ELECTRIC 


(li-ncijl 

Detroit 

."^ovithern 

Electric 

Testing 

Pacific 

,\nal.v^I. 

Coinpan.v. 

Company. 

Company. 

W.  M.  Carr. 

J.  Crawford. 

.Si 

1    OL' 

0  94 

0  9S 

0.84 

1.0 

S 

(1  ()4() 

0.042 

0  048 

0.037 

0.042 

P 

0    l)->.-i 

0  027 

0.03 

0.022 

0.019.5 

Mn 

(1  ():i6 

oil 

0.08 

0.03 

Coiiil).  C 

1  -r.i 

1    20 

(Jraphitf    

1,6s 

2.06 

1   53 

Tot  j1  C                       ... 

2  91 

:i  26 

4. 56 

3   4S 

.  JO 

ing  iron  ore  in  Sweden  and  Norway  has 
been  published  by  representatives  of  the 
British  consular  service.  It  is  claimed 
that  iron  capable  of  competing  with  the 
best  Swedish  charcoal  iron  costing  from 
S24  to  S25  per  ton  is  produced  for  $14.80 
per  ton  in  the  experimental  electric  fur- 
nace at  Tinnfos,  near  Skien,  Christiania 
fjord,  Norway.  The  daily  production  is 
stated  as  only  three  tons  per  day  so 
this  figure  will  doubtless  be  questioned. 
It  is  further  reported  that  an  electric 
steel  furnace  will  be  erected  at  this  place. 
It  is  also  mentioned  that  satisfactory  re- 
sults are  being  obtained  at  Trollhattan 
and  Domnarfvet. 


Plans  are  made  for  an  extensive  min- 
eral exhibit  at  the  El  Paso  (Texas)  fair 
ill  October.  Already  exhibits  valued  3'. 
$10,000  have  been  pledged  and  the  smelt- 
ing and  mining  companies  are  actively 
cooperating  with  the  movement  to  pro- 
vide a  complete  display  of  the  varied 
mineral  resources  of  the  rich  tributary 
country.  Charles  A.  Dinsmore,  of  El  Paso, 
is  in   charge   of  the   arrangements. 


Since  Jan.  1  the  stamp  mills  have  been 
treating  Tamarack  Conglomerate  rock 
while  the  Osceola  rock  has  been  sent 
to  the  Tamarack  mills,  the  exchange 
securing  equally  good  extraction  on  this 
grade  of  rock  at  no  additional  expense. 
The  Calumet  mills  have  made  a  greater 
saving  for  Tamarack  at  a  small  increase 
in  cost,  so  that  the  company  expects  to 
eventually  benefit  through  the  holdings  of 
Tamarack  stock. 

New  Electrolytic  Building  Completed 

The  new  electrolytic  building  at  the 
Buffalo  refining  works  has  been  equipped 
and  put  in  operation  and  one  of  the  old 
furnaces  has  been  replaced  by  a  larger 
furnace  using  a  trolley  ladle. 

The  company  expended  $100,000  in 
sptisfactory  exploration  on  the  Nonesuch 
lands  and  is  now  entitled  to  receive  one- 
half,  or  about  43,350,  of  the  common 
shares  of  the  White  Pine  Copper  Com- 
pany, when  the  lands  are  conveyed  to  that 
company.  In  return  for  further  sums  ad- 
vanced to  the  White  Pine  Copper  Coin- 
pany    for   development    and    equipment. 


Calumet  &  Hecla  is  entitled  to  receive 
cumulative  5  per  cent,  shares  of  stock  at 
par  ($25),  to  be  retired  out  of  earnings 
before  dividends  are  payable  on  the  com- 
mon stock. 

The  company  subscribed  and  paid  for 
19,400  shares  of  stock  at  $13  per  share 
of  the  new  Cliff  Mining  Company  which 
now  owns  the  Cliff  lands  conveyed  to 
it  by  the  Tamarack  Mining  Company. 
Explorations  on  the  Kearsarge  lode,  which 
outcrops  on  these  lands  for  a  distance  of 
about  11,000  ft.,  will  be  started  this  sum- 
mer. 

Subsidiary  and  rtSSOciAiED  Co.mpanies 

The  Calumet  &  Hecla  owns  the  capital 
stock  of  the  Frontenac  Copper  Company 
and  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Gratiot 
Mining  Company,  the  La  Salle  Copper 
Company,  the  Manitou  Mining  Company, 
the  Superior  Copper  Company,  the  Dana 
Copper  Company,  the  St.  Louis  Copper 
CoiTipany,  the  Laurium  Mining  Company, 
and  the  Seneca  Mining  Company.  It  also 
owns  a  part  interest  in  the  Allouez  Min- 
ing Company,  the  Centennial  Consoli- 
dated Mining  Company,  the  Cliff  Minin;; 
Company,  the  Osceola  Consolidated  Min- 
ing Company,  the  Ahmeek  Mining  Com- 
pany, the  Isle  Royale  Copper  Company, 
the  Tamarack  Mining  Company,  and  the 
White    Pine   Copper  Company. 

The  assets  for  the  year  were  $8,546,706 
and  the  liabilities,  ,'^879,408.  as  against 
$7,774,107  and  $952,338  respectively  for 
the  previous  year.  The  capital  stock  of 
the  company  is  $2,500,000,  in  $25  shares, 
of  which  $12  per  share  was  paid  in. 


Utah    Copper    Company 

The  preliminary  report  of  the  Utah 
Copper  Company  for  the  quarter  ending 
June  30,  shows  earnings,  not  including 
income  from  Nevada  Consolidated,  of 
$1,192,551,  which  compares  favorably 
with  $871,9.57  for  the  March  31  quarter, 
and  $596,317  for  the  December  31  quar- 
ter. The  cost  of  production  is  stated  at 
7.,S3c.  per  lb.,  as  compared  with  9.43  for 
the  spring  quarter,  and  8.48  for  the  win- 
ter quarter. 

COPPER   PRODUCTIO.N   ()!■    riAH  COPPER 
CO.MPANY,   1910. 

Jammry    ...   4,745.066     April 7,902,643 

Feliniary  .  .  .   ,5,913, 18.5     May 8.S62,913 

.\larcli 7.S.53.2SS     June S,3.5S.496 


Total 1S,.>1I.,S19  25,124.052 

Net  earnings  for  the  quarter,  includ- 
ing income  from  Nevada  Consolidated, 
are  reported  to  be  at  the  rate  of  over 
,'^6,000,000  per  year,  or  $4  per  share  on 
the  outstanding  stock,  as  may  be  gleaned 
from  the   following  figures. 

The  earnings  from  the  company's  own 
operations  were  $1,192,551,  or  $1,548,976 
net  earnings  for  the  quarter,  and  in 
addition  $356,428  was  received  from 
Nevada  Consolidated  holdings.  Divi- 
dends of  $1,155,243  were  paid  on  1,5-1  ,^ 


25o 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   ML.ING  JOURNAL 


August  6,  1910. 


325  shares  of  Utah  stock.  The  surplus  for 
the  quarter  amounted  to  3393,735.  The 
profits  for  the  June  quarter  were  figured 
on  t:7e  basis  of  copper  sales  at  12' jc. 
per  lb.,  although  a  little  better  price  was 
actually   received. 


Listing   of    Goldfield    Consolidated 


The  Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines 
Company  has  made  application  for  the 
listing  on  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange 
of  its  capital  stock,  aggregating  S35,591,- 
480  par  value  of  an  authorized  issue  of 
550,000,000  par  value,  representing  a 
capital  stock  of  5,000,000  shares  of  a  par 
value  of  SIO  per  share.  The  stock  of  the 
corporation  is  all  common  stock  and  car- 
ries with  it  a  voting  power  of  one  vote 
per  share.  It  is  fully  paid  and  nonassess- 
able and  no  personal  liability  attaches  to 
ownership.  The  company  was  organized 
on  Nov.  13,  1906,  under  the  laws  of 
Wyoming.  Its  charter,  which  expires 
Nov.  13,  1956,  gives  the  company  the 
customary  rights  and  privileges  granted 
to  mining  and  mercantile  corporations. 

The  established  rate  of  dividend  is  30c. 
per  share  payable  quarterly,  but  during 
the  fiscal  year,  1909,  two  extra  dividend 
disbursements  at  the  rate  of  20c.  per 
share  were  made.  The  company  has  no 
debt  except  current  accounts.  It  is  an 
original  organization  designed  to  acquire 
material  property  and  also  the  stock  of 
other  corporations.  It  had  for  its  im- 
mediate purpose  the  acquiring  of  the  con- 
trolling stock  interest  in  the  Goldfield- 
Mohawk  Mining  Company,  the  Red  Top 
Mining  Company,  of  Goldfield  and  the 
Jumbo  Mining  Company  of  Goldfield,  and 
the  Laguna-Goldfield  Mining  Company. 
Immediately  following  its  organization,  it 
acquired  the  control  of  these  corporations 
and  of  the  Goldfield  Mining  Company  of 
Nevada,  and  later  purchased  outright  the 
fee-simple  title  to  the  property  of  the 
Combination  Mines  Company. 

Subsidiary  Companies  Acquired 

The  shares  of  these  subsidiary  com- 
panies were  acquired  oi  the  following 
basis:  Mohawk,  I  to  2;  Red  Top,  2  to  1 ; 
Jumbo,  2  to  1 ;  Laguna,  5  to  1  and  Gold- 
field  Mining,  5  to  1,  of  Consolidated  stock. 
The  issues  of  Consolidated  stock  for  these 
and  other  purposes  were:  Exchanged  for 
subsidiaries,  324,977,680;  to  ac.iuire 
Combination  Mines  property,  37,340,710; 
sales,  ,3723,090;  underwriting,  32„=00,000; 
and  organization,  350,000.  On  July  1, 
1909,  the  company  purchased  outright 
from  the  above  mentioned  five  companies 
the  fee-simple  title  to  their  property, 
thereupon  dissolving  the  companies. 

The  company  at  present  owns  t^^c  en- 
tire authorized  and  issued  capital  stock 
of  4000  shares  of  the  value  of  3100  each 
of  the  Goldfi-Id  Consolidated  Milling  & 
Transportation  Company,  a  subsidiary  or- 
ganization, which,  for  administrative  pur- 


poses, purchased  from  the  Goldfield  Con- 
solidated Mines  Company  a  part  of  its 
equipment  and  real  estate  including  ".II 
of  its  milling  and  transportation  facilities. 
The  charter  of  the  Goldfield  Consoli- 
dated Milling  and  Transportation  Com- 
pany, incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  Wyoming,  expires  on  the  first 
day  of  July.  1959.  The  parent  company 
also  owns  548,835  shares  of  stock  of  the 
C.  O.  D.  Consolidated  Mining  Company, 
a  corporation  authorized  under  the  laws 
of  South  Dakota,  with  a  capital  of  3,000,- 
000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  31  each; 
but  the  latter  company  is  in  no  sense  a 
subsidiary  company  of  the  former,  and 
the  stock  thus  owned  is  carried  on  its 
book  at  a  nominal  figure  of  15c.  per 
share. 

Total  Area  of  Property  is  390  Acres 

The  physical  property  of  the  company 
consists  of  26  patented  lode  mining 
claims,  as  follows:  Jumbo,  Clermont, 
Lucky  Boy,  Grizzly  Bear,  January,  Feb- 
ruary, Mohawk  No.  1,  Mohawk  No.  2. 
Slim  Jim  Fraction,  Miss  Jessie,  Laguna, 
Last  Chance,  Red  Top,  Little  Red  Top, 
Combination  No.  1,  Combination  No.  2, 
Combination  No.  3,  Side  Line  Fraction, 
O.  K.  Fraction,  Rustler  Fraction,  Hazel 
Queen,  Golconda,  Wonder,  Red  Boy, 
Mammoth  and  Goldstone;  and  one  un- 
patented lode  claim. 

The  company  has  a  total  area  of  390 
acres,  together  with  mining  machinery 
and  plants,  consisting  of  hoists,  compres- 
sors, stores,  etc.  All  of  this  property  is 
contiguous  and  is  situated  in  the  Gold- 
field  mining  district,  Esmeralda  county, 
Nev.  The  company  states  in  the  report 
that  "it  has  extended  its  development 
work  to  an  extent  that  reveals  an  esti- 
mated ore  tonnage  exposed  of  800,000 
tons,  with  an  unexplored  and  partially  ex- 
plored acreage  so  great  as  to  give  assur- 
ance of  future  development  of  orebodies 
adding  greatly  to  the  life  and  productive- 
ness of  the  property." 

During  the  fiscal  year,  1909,  40,668  ft. 
of  development  work  were  performed,  of 
which  27,469  ft.  were  driven  on  company 
Kccount  and  13,199  ft.  by  lessees.  The 
Combination,  Mohawk,  Red  Top  and  Cler- 
mont shafts  have  been  under  continuous 
operation.  Development  work  has  been 
generally  successful  in  opening  up  addi- 
tional ore  in  t'"c  newly  developed  por- 
tions of  the  older  levels  of  these  miics 
as  well  as  in  the  new  deeper  levels  driven 
from  the  Clermont  shaft. 

Recovery  on  Ore  Was  92.5  Per  Cent. 
IN   1909 

During  the  six  months  ended  April  30, 
1910,  drvelopment  work  on  the  property 
amounted  to  a  total  of  20,344  ft.,  costing 
per  foot  an  average  of  39.12.  The  ore 
production  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  Oct. 
31,  1909,  amounted  to  a  total  of  194,479 
tons,  yielding  an  average  of  $37.98,  rep- 


resenting a  gross  value  of  37,386,450. 
From  this  a  recovery  of  92.5  per  cent, 
was  realized  or  net  returns  of  36,832,652. 
This  was  accomplished  at  a  mining,  mill- 
ing, transportation  and  general  expense 
of  34.83  per  ton  and  a  development  ex- 
pense of  $1.94  per  ton,  making  a  gross 
operating  expense  of  36.77  per  ton. 

In  December,  1909,  a  departure  from 
the  company's  method  of  reporting  costs 
was  made,  whereby  in  addition  to  the  cost 
of  operation,  all  costs,  including  construc- 
tion and  losses  in  tailings,  are  shown. 
This  system  bought  the  cost  and  loss  per 
ton  from  36.92  in  November,  1909,  up  to 
312.17  for  December. 

For  the  six  months  ended  April  30, 
1910,  the  entire  property  produced  a  to- 
tal of  129,000  tons  of  ore,  having  an 
average  value  per  ton  of  340.61  and 
yielding  a  gross  value  of  35.238,767. 

The  detailed  profit  and  loss  account,  as 
well  as  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the 
Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines  Company, 
and  the  Goldfield  Consolidated  Millingand 
Transportation  Company,  were  given  in 
the  Journal  of  Jan.  22,  1910.  In  ac- 
cordance with  the  rules  of  the  stock  ex- 
change, the  company  agrees  that  it  will 
not  dispose  of  its  interests  in  any  con- 
stituent company,  or  allow  any  of  said 
companies  to  dispose  of  its  interest  in 
other  companies  except  on  direct  author- 
ization of  the  stockholders;  and  further 
that  it  will  not  speculate  in  its  own  or 
constituent  companies'  securities,  or  per- 
mit similar  speculations  by  any  of  its 
constituent  companies.  A  detailed  state- 
ment of  its  physical  and  financial  con- 
dition will  be  published  yearly. 


Production  of  Nevada  County, 
California 


County  Surveyor  Fred  M.  Miller,  of 
Nevada  county,  Cal.,  at  a  convention  of 
county  committees  at  Nevada  City,  pre- 
sented an  able  paper  on  the  mines  of 
Nevada  county.  He  figures  that  the 
county  has  produced  altogether  in  gold, 
from  boVrt  quartz  and  gravel  mines, 
3260,000,000.  Of  this  he  figures  that 
$90,000,000  came  from  Grass  Valley  dls- 
tiict  alone.  He  states  that  the  yield  per 
r'-le  from  the  upper  gravel  of  the  hy- 
draulic nvncs  is  estimated  at  .^2.000,000 
to  3.'?,000,000,  and  the  yield  per  linear 
foot  of  t>-e  drift  mines  at  3100  to  3500. 
The  records  of  individual  hydraulic 
mines  show  the  washing  of  from  2,000,- 
000  to  47,000,000  cu.yd.,  with  yields  from 
5c.  to  13c.  for  top  gravel  and  as  high  as 
35c.  and  40c.  from  the  gravel  banks  at 
Norfi  San  Jfan  and  French  Corral.  The 
North  Bloomfield  mine  produced  35,000,- 
000  from  pravel  yielding  4c.  to  lOc.  per 
cu.yd.  and  it  is  estimated  that  in  this 
property  there  remains  335,000.000  yet 
to  be  extracted,  though  the  mines  are 
closed  by  Federal  laws. 


August  6,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


257 


British  Columbia  Mines  and  Minerals 


BY  E.  JACOBS 


The  report  of  William  Fleet  Robertson, 
provincial  mineralogist,  for  the  year  1909, 
gives  the  later  and  corrected  reports  of 
production,  for  which  estimates  were  giv- 
en earlier  this  year.  Table  I  gives  the 
output  in  quantities  and  values,  with, the 
changes  in  value  as  compared  with  the 
1908  report.  The  report  is  now  almost 
ready  for  issue. 


TABLE  I. 

1909. 

Quantit.y.       Value. 


Changes  in 
Value. 


Gold,   placer 
l)z. 

Cold,  lode 
(Jz. 


232,224 


S477,000  I).  $170,000 
4,924,090  1).    3.")S.790 


Total  gold    S5,401,09O  I).  S.i2,S,790 

Silver... Oe.  2,532,742  1,239.270  1).   82,213 

Lead Lb.  44,396,346  1.709,2,^9  L   76,460 

Copper..  "  45,597,245  5.niS,.-,22  I)  321.777 

Zinc "  400,000  1.      130,000 


Total 

metals S14,668,141  D.  8726,270 

Coal   .Ig.  ton     2,006,476  7,022,666  1.1,150,194 
Coke..      ••              258  703  1,552,218  1.        67,824 
Other  mater- 
ials    1,200,000  I.      100,000 


Total 824,443,025   I.    t.")91,74S 

The  value  of  copper  last  year  exceeded 
that  of  gold;  and  this  was  also  the  case 
in  1908.  Coal  and  coke  together  were 
35.1  per  cent,  of  the  total  values. 

Table  II  gives  the  value  of  the  produc- 
tion of  all  kinds  in  1909,  by  districts, 
and  by  the  subordinate  mining  divisions 
of  the  more  important  districts. 

T.VBLK   H. 

Cariboo  District;                      190S.  1909. 

Cariboo S3.">.i,00(l  $220,000 

30.000  12,000 


Quesnel .  , 
Omineca  . 


20,000 


15,000 


Total  Cariboo $405,000        $247,000 

We.st  Kooienay  District: 

$442,181         $617,340 


Ainsworth  . .  .\ 

Nelson 

.Slocan 

Trail     Creek      (Ross- 

Imd ) 

Other  divisions 


462,836  5S4,95.T 

676,580  954,737 

3,713,392  2,875.084 

173,235  137,633 


Total  West  Koote- 

nay $5,448,224     $5,169,749 

Yale  District: 

Osoyoos.  Crand  I'^orks 

and  (Irei'nwood..  .  .      $7,545,380     $7,501,046 

Similkairteen  and  Nic- 
ola   101.583  225.210 

Yale  division 3,000  2.000 


Total  Vale S7 ,649,963  $7,728,2.56 

Ca.ssier  district 298.234  234,498 

Ea.st  Koot  nay  district.  4..S02,6SO  4,768,216 

IJllooe    distri  t     13.779  16,676 

Coast  district         .       ...  7,649.963  7,728.256 


Total 


$23,851,277  $24,443,025 


The  Coast  districts  include  Nanaimo, 
Alberni,  Clayoquot,  Quatsino  and  Vic- 
toria. These  districts  showed  a  consider- 
able increase  last  year;  these  and  the 
Vale  district  were  the  only  ones  which 
reported  gains,  except  the  Lillooet,  the 
total  of  whose  production  is  very  small. 
In  the  West  Kootcnay  the  chief  loss  last 
vear  w!is  in  the  Trail  Creek,  or  Rossland 
divif.ion. 


Table  III  gives  the  total  mineral  pro- 
duction of  the  Province  from  the  earliest 
date  reported  up  to  the  end  of  1909,  as 
follows,  in  values: 

T.VBLK    III. 

Per 

Cent  of 
Total  Value.     Total. 

Placer  gold ,.;.M.673,103       20.3 

Lode  gold 55.277,687       15.9 

Total  gold $125.9.50,790  36.2 

Silver 29,S.50,.-)86  S.6 

I>ead 23.259,2.55  6 . 7 

Copper 5.")..S71..-<93  16.0 

Other  metals 890.099  0.3 

Total  metals $235,823,223       67 .8 

Coal  and  coke 102,904.261        29.6 

Building  stone,  clay,  etc.  .  9,093.100         2.6 

Total $347,820,584     100.0 

Gold  has  been  the  leading  item  in  value 
of  the  production,  coal  holding  the  sec- 
ond place.  Of  the  metals  outside  of 
gold,    copper   shows   the    greatest   value. 

A  suinmary  of  the  comments  on  the 
output  of  the  year  follows: 

Progress  of  Mining 

The  value  of  the  mineral  products  of 
the  province  for  1909,  while  less  than  that 
of  1906  and  1907,  is  still  considerably 
greater  than  that  of  any  previous  year. 

The  ora  mined,  exclusive  of  coal,  was 
2,057,713  tons,  a  decrease  from  1908  of 
25,893  tons,  or  1.2  per  cent.  This  ton- 
nage was  produced  by  the  various  dis- 
tricts in  the  following  proportions:  Yale 
district,  Boundary  mines,  71  per  cent.; 
West  Kootenay  district,  Rossland  mines, 
11.8  per  cent.;  East  Kootenay  district, 
mines  in  Fort  Steele  division,  7.3  per 
cert.;  Coast  district,  1.9  per  cent.;  all 
other  parts,  8.2  per  cent. 

The  number  of  mines  from  which  ship- 
ments of  ore  were  made  was  89,  and  of 
these  only  52  shipped  more  than  100  tons 
each  during  the  year,  while  but  32 
shipped  in  excess  of  1000  tons  each.  Of 
the  latter,  eight  were  in  Nelson  mining 
division,  five  in  the  Boundary,  five  in 
Ainsworth  division,  four  in  the  Slocan 
district,  three  in  the  Coast  district,  thr,;" 
in  Trail  Creek  (Rossland)  division,  two  in 
Fort  Steele  division,  and  one  each  in 
Trout  Lake  and  Queen  Charlotte  divi- 
sions. 

The  number  of  men  employed  was:  In 
metalliferous,  producing  mines,  3037 
(2048  below  and  989  above  ground);  in 
mines  not  shipping,  217  (136  below  and 
81  above  ground)  ;  total,  3254.  A  mine 
employing  say  12  men  for  four  months 
was  credited  with  an  average  of  four 
men  for  12  months,  so  that  the  totil 
above  given  is  less  than  the  actual  num- 
ber of  men  w-ho  worked  in  the  mines  dur- 
ing the  year.     The  number  employed  at 


the  coal  mines  was  6418,  including  215 
white  boys,  and  672  Chinese,  Japanese 
and  Indians.  The  official  figures  of  all 
employed  at  the  mines  of  the  province, 
therefore  give  a  grand  total  of  9672. 

Coal 

The  coal  produced  was  mined  chiefly 
by  three  companies,  the  Wellington  Col- 
liery Company  and  the  Western  Fuel 
Company,  both  on  Vancouver  island,  and 
the  Crow's  Nest  Pass  Coal  Company,  in 
southeast  Kootenay;  these  companies  to- 
gether produced  about  88  per  cent,  of  the 
total  coal  mined.  Of  the  smaller  col- 
lieries, those  on  Vancouver  island  were 
the  Pacific  Coast  Coal  Company's  mines, 
with  about  70,000  tons,  and  the  Van- 
couver-Nanaimo,  10,000  tons;  in  Nicola 
valley  the  Nicola  Valley  Coal  and  Coke 
Company,  62.000  tons,  and  the  Diamond 
Vale  Company,  1700  tons;  in  the  Crow's 
Nest  district,  the  Hosmer  and  Corbin  col- 
lieries each  produced  about  60,000  tons. 
The  gross  output  of  coal  was  2,400,600 
tons  (of  22:0  lb.),  of  which  998,494 
tens  was  sold  for  consumption  in  Canada, 
741,646  tons  exported  chiefly  to  :he 
United  States;  260,554  tons  burned  un- 
der colliery  boilers,  etc.;  394,124  tons 
used  in  making  coke,  and  5782  tons 
added  to  stock.  The  quantity  of  coke 
made  was  258,703  long  tons,  of  which 
210,884  tons  was  for  consumption  in 
Canada;  40,620  tons  exported,  nearly  all 
to  the  United  States,  and  7199  tons  added 
to  stock.  The  production  of  coal  was  the 
largest  for  any  year  since  coal  mining 
was  commenced  in  the  province;  that  of 
coke  was  second  only  to  that  of  1905, 
when  271,785  long  tons  were  made. 

Gold 

Production  of  placer  gold  was  $477,- 
000,  as  against  $647,000  in  1908,  and  this 
was  the  smallest  amount  of  any  year 
since  1894.  The  decreased  output  w-as 
attributable  partly  to  the'  short  water 
supply  last  season.  The  value  of  lode 
gold  was  $4,924,090,  a  decrease  of  $358,- 
790  as  compared  with  1908.  Nelson, 
Boundary,  and  Coast  districts  each  pro- 
duced more  lode  gold,  but  the  decrease  in 
Rossland  camp  was  large.  About  86.5 
per  cent,  of  the  lode  gold  was  recovered 
from  smelting  ores  also  copper-bearing; 
the  remaining  13.5  per  cent,  was  from 
stamp  milling,  etc.  The  stamp  mills  oper- 
ated last  year  were  those  of  the  Hedley 
Gold  Mining  Company,  at  Hedley,  Simil- 
kanieen,  40  stamps;  Granite-Poorman 
mill,  20  stamps,  near  Nelson;  Queen  mill, 
20  stamps,  at  Sheep  Creek,  Nelson  divi- 
sion, and  one  or  two  very  small  mills 
also  in  the  last-named  camp. 


258 


THE    ENGINEERING    A,ND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  (3,  1910. 


Silver 

The  silver  produced  totaled  2.432.742 
oz.,  a  decrease  in  quantity  of  98,647  oz. 
and  in  value  of  S82,213,  as  compared  with 
1908.  About  98  per  cent,  was  from  silver- 
lead  ores  and  the  remainder  from  copper- 
silver  ores.  The  Slocan  district — includ- 
ing Ainsworth.  Slocan,  Slocan  City  and 
Trout  Lake  divisions — produced  about  50 
per  cent,  of  the  total,  and  Fort  Steele 
division  of  East  Kootenay  23  per  cent., 
all  from  argentiferous  galena  ores. 

Lead 

Lead  showed  a  production  of  44.396,- 
346  lb.,  this  being  an  increase  of  1,200,- 
613  lb.  in  quantity  and  $76,460  in  value 
over  that  of  1908.  Mines  in  Fort  Steele 
division  (chiefly  the  St.  Eugene)  pro- 
duced nearly  61  per  cent,  of  this  total; 
those  in  Ainsworth  and  Slocan,  34  per 
cent.,  and  in  Nelson  and  Trout  Lake 
divisions,  5  per  cent. 

Copper 

The  copper,  placed  at  45,597,245  lb., 
was  less  in  quantity  by  1,677,369  lb., 
and  in  value  by  S321,727,  than  in  1908. 
These  figures  do  not  take  into  account 
smeltery  charges  or  deductions,  but  show 
the  copper  contained  in  the  ore  smelted. 
There  was  a  slight  increase  in  the 
Boundary  district  and  Nelson  division, 
but  a  heavy  falling  off  in  Rossland  di- 
vision and  the  Coast  district.  The  pro- 
portions of  production  of  districts  were: 
Boundary  89  per  cent.,  Rossland  7.7, 
Coast  2.8,  and  Nelson  0.4  per  cent. 

Iron,  Zinc,  Etc. 

No  iron  ore  was  shipped  and  very  little 
mined,  there  having  been  no  market  in 
1909  for  iron  ore  from  the  province. 
About  10,000  tons  of  zinc  ore  and  con- 
centrates were  sold  in  1909,  the  zinc  con- 
tents ranging  from  38  to  48  per  cent.  The 
Lucky  Jim  was  the  only  mine  that  shipped 
zinc  ore;  it  sent  out  4700  tons  averaging 
48  per  cent.  zinc.  The  Whitewater  group, 
Ainsworth  division,  produced  4600  tons 
of  zinc  concentrates,  also  containing 
from  15  to  25  oz.  silver  to  the  ton.  Mills 
of  other  mines  also  produced  zinc  con- 
centrates, but  little  of  that  production  was 
sold. 

Building  Materials 

In  building  materials,  etc.,  the  chief 
production  was  in  granite  and  sandstone, 
bricks,  pottery  and  portland  cement.  Of 
the  last  238,000  bbl.,  valued  at  S360,00(), 
were  manufactured  on  Vancouver  island. 

Prominent   Features 

Besides  the  statistical  tables  and  ac- 
companying comments  the  provincial 
mineralogist  gives  some  accounts  of  his 
personal  observations  in  several  mining 
districts — Queen  Charlotte  islands;  the 
coal-mining  district  in  the  Crow's  Nest 
country,  in  which  there  has  been  much 
development    and    production;    the    im- 


portant though  undeveloped  coal  areas  in 
the  upper  Elk  river  district,  computed  by 
D.  B.  Dowling,  of  the  Geological  Survey 
of  Canada,  to  have  an  area  of  140  square 
miles,  and  a  probable  workable  coal  con- 
tent of  100,000,000  tons  per  square  mile; 
the  metalliferous  mineral  region  in  East 
Kootenay  lying  between  the  Canadian 
Pacific  main  line,  to  the  north,  and  the 
Moyie  Lake  district,  along  the  Crow's 
Nest  branch,  to  the  south;  and  the  Dun- 
can River  district  and  Sheep  Creek  camp, 
both  in  West  Kootenay. 

Several  official  reports  on  the  explosion 
at  Extension  colliery,  Vancouver  island, 
in  which  32  men  lost  their  lives  last 
October,  and  diagram.s,  etc.,  also  form 
part  of  the  report. 

Halftone  reproductions  of  photographs 
are  numerous,  and  some  of  these  are 
of  especial  interest,  since  they  illustrate 
mining  and  other  scenes  not  previously 
used.  Altogether,  the  report  is  an  ex- 
cellent one,  giving  a  comprehensive  re- 
view of  the  mineral  resources  and  opera- 
tions. 


or  burning  oil,  which  sells  at  from  5  _d. 
to  tid.  per  gal.;  4,000,000  gal.  of  motor 
spirit,  at  from  lOd.  to  Is.  Id.  per  gal.; 
40,000  tons  of  gas  or  intermediate  oils, 
at  2^{,d.  to  3d.  per  gal.;  40,000  tons  of 
lubricating  oils,  at  £4  10s.  to  £6  per  ton, 
according  to  gravity  and  quality;  60,000 
tons  of  sulphate  of  ammonia,  selling  at 
£12  10s.  pir  ton;  and  25,000  tons  of 
solid  paraffin  wax,  at  from  2d.  to  2'jd. 
per  pound. 


The  Robinson  Slime  Filter 


The  accompanying  illustration  is  a  sec- 
tion of  a:i  apparatus  having  for  its  ob- 
jects the  filtration  and  the  washing  of 
the  pulp  economically  and  quickly.  The 
filter  has  been  patented  ( U.  S.  Pat.  954,- 
466,  April  12,  1910)  by  Cyrus  Robinson, 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

The  tank  A  contains  the  slime  solution 
and  another  B  the  water  for  washing  the 
cake  of  pulp.     In  both   tanks  are  drums 


"he  Robinson  Sli.me  Filter 


Scottish  Oil  Shale  Industry 


Practically  all  of  the  Scottish  mineral- 
oil  companies  have  been  extending  their 
productive  capacity,  and  two  of  them, 
the  Pumpherston  Oil  Company  and  the 
Oakbank  Oil  Company,  are  just  com- 
pleting extensions  which  represent  the 
doubling  of  the  plant. 

Prospecting  work  has  resulted  in  the 
discovery  of  extensive  deposits  of  shale, 
as  rich  as  anything  that  had  ever  been 
worked,  close  to  the  producing  works. 
Last  year  the  output  of  shale  was  nearly 
3,000,000  tons,  and  the  deposits  are  suf- 
ficient to  insure  supplies  for  many  years 
to  come.  According  to  Chem.  Trade 
Journ.,  Apr.  30,  1910,  the  average  yield 
of  oil  per  ton  of  shale  may  be  taken  at 
23  gallons,  and  on  that  basis  the  total 
output  last  year  was  over  68,000,000 
gal.  Out  of  this  the  Scottish  companies 
obtained   about   22,000,000   gal.   of   lamp 


on  the  peripheries  of  which  are  fastened 
wooden  blocks  forming  recesses  from 
which  pipes  C  lead  to  chambers  D,  the 
chambers  having  valves  E  and  F.  Out- 
side of  the  blocks  is  the  filtering  mate- 
rial with  its  outer  edges  attached  to 
chains  G  running  over  sprocket  wheels 
on  the  drums.  If  the  pump  or  vacuum 
be  connected  to  the  valve  chamber  in 
tank  A,  the  solution  will  flow  through  the 
filtering  material,  and  the  slime  or  pulp 
will  be  deposited  on  the  filter.  The  valve 
E  closes  communication  between  the  re- 
cesses on  the  portion  of  the  drum  not 
submerged  and  the  valve  chamber  which 
acts  as  the  constant  sector  of  the  drum 
cutting   off   the   vacuum    action. 

The  drum  in  tank  B  is  similar  to  the 
one  in  A,  except  the  former  has  a  double 
valve  F.  This  valve  permits  two  wash- 
ings of  the  pulp,  the  first  washing  pass- 
ing through  the  small  port  and  out  of  a 
passage  opposite  H,  and  the  second 
through   the  passage  H  and  the  hub. 


August  6,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


259 


Conditions  at  the  PalmiUa  Mine,  Parral,  Mexico 

Primary  Ore   in   Faulted  Andesitic    Intrusive.      Development  from  Tv.o 
Main   Shafts    on    Six    Levels.      Electrical    Equipment   Being    Perfected 


BY 


FRANKLIN 


W. 


SMITH* 


At  intervals  during  the  last  10  years 
ttie  Palmilla  mine,  near  Parral,  Chihua- 
hua, Mex.,  and  its  former  owner.  Don 
Pedro  Alvarado,  have  received  attention 
from  the  Sunday  supplements  and  many 
grotesque  yarns  about  them  have  been 
printed.  Frequently,  no  doubt,  a  careful 
panning  of  this  material  would  reveal  a 
very  small  color  of  truth,  but  essentially 
these  yarns  are — just  yarns,  with  one 
exception,  for  the  mine  really  has  been 
a  great  producer,  yielding  not  only  wealth 
to  its  owner,  but  much  "easy  money"  to 
beneficiaries  of  stolen  ore.  And  ore  was 
stolen,  not  bit  by  bit,  but  literally  by 
the  burro-train  load.  All  estimates  of 
production  are  only  guesses,  but  allowing 
for  the  money  Alvarado  is  known  to  have 
spent   and    invested,   what   he    is   reason- 


right  to  the  Alvarado  Consolidated 
Mines  Company,  that  they  had  formed. 
During  the  past  year  the  mine  has  been 
reiiquipped  and  put  in  shape  for  a  vig- 
orous and  economical  development  cam- 
paign. 

Parral,  in  southern  Chihuahua,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Mexican  Central,  is  56 
miles  from  Jimenez,  on  the  main  line. 
The  mine  is  two  miles  northwest  of  town 
and  a  mile  from  the  narrow-gage  Parral 
&  Durango  railway.  The  property  con- 
sists of  eight  claims,  of  which  the  Pal- 
milla of  10  acres  has  been  the  producer, 
although  other  claims  are  not  without 
surface  showings.  In  addition,  the  com- 
pany owns  surface  and  tunnel  rights  pro- 
tecting its  compressor  plant  and  two 
adits. 


ably  believed  to  have  squandered  and 
given  away  and  for  the  cost  of  his  lib- 
eral policy  toward  ore  thieves,  it  seems 
reasonable  to  place  the  gross  production 
at  about  $7,000,000  in  gold.  And  that, 
surely,  is  a  commendable  record  for  one 
ten-acre   claim. 

History  of  the  Property 

The  ground  was  owned  by  Alvarado's 
father,  who  prospected  it  with  little  suc- 
cess. Dying  with  faith  in  it  undimin- 
ished, he  is  said  to  have  exacted  from 
his  son  a  promise  that  he  would  never 
sell  it.  The  portrait  of  the  old  man  in 
the  "grand  room"  of  Alvarado's  house 
shows  an  intelligent  and  interesting  face. 
Don  Pedro,  after  a  period  of  prospect- 
ing, found  the  crest  of  the  rich  orebody 
at  a  depth  of  about  100  ft.  Then  came 
the  seven  years  of  plenty  which  ended 
when  the  shaft  reached  water  level  at 
•>00  ft.  Two  years  of  unskilled  at- 
tempts to  handle  the  water  problem  left 
Alvarado  financially  embarrassed  and 
ready  to  deal.  First,  he  leased  the  mine 
to   certain    Americans,   then    sold    it   out- 

•Minlii?  onsliii'cr.    I'.lslioo.    Ariz. 


Approximate  Section 

through   Palmilla  Hill 

on  Line  A-B. 

Vertical  Scale.  1  lu.  =  01.5  in. 
Horlz.     dcate,  I  1d.=  193  in. 
The  Bnjintering  ^  Mining  Journal 

Ore  Occurs  in  Andesitic  Intrusion 

The  ore  occurs  in  fissures  and  fracture 
zones  in  a  large  intrusion  of  andesite  in 
shale.  The  veins  are  numerous  and  ram- 
ifying and  have  a  northerly  strike.  The 
orebodies  that  gave  fame  to  the  mine 
are  two  large  nearly  vertical  chimneys 
in  the  Palmilla  vein,  formed  by  silicifica- 
tion  and  mineralization  of  intensely 
crushed  andesite,  where  ramifying  frac- 
tures tend  to  focus.  North  and  south  of 
these  big  shoots  the  vein  is  comparative- 
ly narrow  and  of  low  grade. 

The  oldest  formation  in  place  is  the 
shale,  probably  of  Cretaceous  age,  that 
forms  the  general  country  rock  to  the 
south  and  west  of  the  mine,  and  is  ex- 
posed for  a  large  part  of  the  distance 
along  the  road  to  Parral.  Except  near 
intrusive  contacts,  the  prevailing  strike 
is  northeasterly  and  dip  northwesterly  30 
to  50  dcg.  The  shale  outcrops  close  to 
the  southern  foot  of  Palmilla  hill  and 
half  way  up  on  the  west  flank.  The  con- 
tact with  the  andesite  is  approximately 
vertical.  ,,  ;    .,,.,,, 

Limestone  and  quartzite  occur  in  iso- 
lated  blocks   or  reefs   floated    up   by   the 


intrusive  andesite,  so  that  their  true  rela- 
tion to  the  shale  is  obscured.  The  most 
notable  of  these  masses  forms  the  ."spar 
vein,"  a  long  reef  of  crystallized  lime- 
stone parallel  with  the  lode  about  500 
ft.  east  of  it,  dipping  westerly  75  deg., 
as  roughly  sketched  on  the  cross-section. 
Where  cut  by  the  second-level  adit,  it  is 
in  two  parts  separated  by  what  appears 
to  be  a  completely  decayed  rib  of  an- 
desite. The  contacts  are  indistinct  and 
the  reef  grades  from  black  coarsely  crys- 
tallized calcite  at  its  inargins  to  fine- 
grained crystallized  limestone  in  the  cen- 
ter. It  is  not  believed  to  be  of  any  sig- 
nificance  in  connection    with   the   lode. 

Igneous  Rocks 

The  igneous  rocKs  are  of  several  var- 
ieties and  probably  of  two  main  periods 
of  activity.  In  the  first,  the  shale  was 
cut  by  large  intrusions  of  andesite 
porphyry  which  caught  up  and  floated  in 
their  mass  shale,  limestone  and  quar*  - 
ite  in  blocks  of  various  sizes.  The  .>ec- 
ond  period  seems  to  have  been  .ccom- 
panied  or  preceded  by  much  shearing 
and  intense  local  crushing  of  the  ande- 
site, which  was  then  cut  by  quartz 
porphyry  and  granite-porphyry  dikes  and 
covered  by  rhyolite  flows,  now  la-gely 
eroded.  It  is  believed  that  mineraliza- 
tion was  connected  with  the  second  peri- 
od of  activity. 

Whether  there  are  several  distinct 
areas  of  andesite.  or  whether  the  occur- 
rences noted  are  lobes  of  a  large  irreg- 
ular mass  was  not  determined.  In  the 
present  connection  interest  centers  in  the 
southern  end  of  one  lobe,  Palmilla  hill. 
To  the  south  and  west  is  shale;  to  the 
north  and  east  the  limits  of  the  andesite 
were  not  determined.  At  a  distance  from 
the  ore  zone  the  rock  is  a  moderately  fine 
grained,  andesite  porphyry.  In  the  mine 
the  country  rock  is  on  the  whole  finer 
grained,  more  acid,  but  of  the  same  type. 
In  places  in  the  lower  levels  on  the  west 
side  of  the  lode,  the  rock  is  coarser  and 
more  acid,  belonging  to  the  intermediate 
group  of  monzonite  porphpry.  Near  the 
lode  it  assayed  0.04  oz.  gold  and  4.24  oz. 
silver.  The  alteration  zone  of  the  ande- 
site near  the  lode  is  of  propylitic  nature. 
The  structural  relation  of  the  monzonite 
to  the  andesite  is  obscure.  The  rock 
close  to  and  in  the  lode  is  fractured  and 
crushed  to  a  great  degree.  Under  the 
microscope  it  looks  like  an  igneous  frag- 
mental  and  "contains  pieces  of  porphyry 
showing  flowage  and  on  the  whole  the 
structure  is  more  like  a  tuff  or  flow 
breccia  than  a  crush  zone."    It  is  a  crush 


260 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


zone,  however,  for  the  main  andesite 
mass  is  intruded  in  the  shale  and  is 
not  a  flov/. 

Intense   Shearing   Evidenced 

After  the  cooling  of  the  andesite  there 
was  intense  crushing  and  shearing  with 
dominant  north  and  south  trend.  Pal- 
milla  hill  was  the  center  of  this  action. 
It  is  traversed  by  shearings  that  ap- 
parently tend  to  focus  in  the  two  great 
orebodies,  which  are  rich  chimneys 
formed  by  the  silicification  and  mineral- 
ization of  the  crushed  andesite.  The 
veins  .ire  continuous,  but  in  the  hill  have 
many  branches. 

Beyond,  to  the  north,  the  Palmilla  vein 
can  be  traced  for  a  m.ile  or  more;  to  the 
south  it  is  soon  lost  in  the  shale.  Out- 
side the  Palmilla  claim  there  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  any  such  intense 
crushing.  The  veins,  where  explored  be- 
yond the  oreshoots,  are  from  two  to  six 
feet  in  width  and  of  medium  or  low 
grade,  frequently  below  milling  grade. 
Most  of  the  ramifications  that  outcrop  on 
top  and  on  the  west  side  of  the  hill  ap- 
pear to  die  out  before  reaching  the  ar- 
royo  at  the  base  of  the  hill  on  the  north 
or  the  shale  on  the  south.  There  are 
other  strong  parallel  lodes,  some  of  them 
outside  the  limits  of  the  property.  Most 
of  theiTi  have  been  explored,  but  infor- 
mation about  results  is  not  at  hand. 

Faulting   Accompanied   Igneous 
Activity 

It  is  believed  that  the  faulting  and 
crushing  took  place  before  or  at  the  time 
of  the  second  period  of  igneous  activity. 
The  signs  of  this  time  are:  Rhyolite 
flows,  remnants  of  which  cap  the  shale 
to  the  southeast,  south  and  west  of  Pal- 
milla hill;  the  strong  felsite  dike  that  can 
be  traced  for  a  mile  and  a  half  north 
and  south,  1000  ft.  east  of  the  lode; 
minor,  quartz-porphyry  dikes  cut  in  the 
upper  levels;  and  the  granite  porphyry 
shown  in  the  diamond-drill  cores  from 
holes  below  the  south  orebody.  That  the 
latter  has  some  connection  with  the  or- 
igin of  the  ore  seems  probable.  The 
granophyres  or  granite  porphyry  dikes  in 
the  heart  of  the  south  orebody  show  no 
brecciation. 

Ore  Stoped  on  Six  Levels 

The  orebodies  do  not  outcrop  and  they 
have  widened  steadily  from  their  crown 
to  the  sixth  level.  The  barren-vein  out- 
crop just  north  of  the  San  Juan  shaft  is 
shown  in  an  accompanying  illustration. 
Judging  from  the  level  plans  and  from 
the  trend  of  stoping,  there  was  but  one 
shoot  on  the  first  and  second  levels.  On 
the  second,  the  stope  is  260  ft.  long  and 
15  to  20  ft.  wide.  Between  the  second 
(250- ft.)  and  third  (360- ft.)  levels,  the 
shoot  divides  and  on  the  third  the  north 
shoot  is  stoped  70  ft.  long  and  15  ft. 
wide;  the  south  one  250  ft.  long  and 
20  to  35  ft.  wide.     A  third  small  shoot 


to  the  south  has  a  narrow  stope  on  it 
down  from  the  second  level.  On  the 
fourth  (437-ft. )  level  the  north  shoot 
is  stoped  140  ft.  long  and  30  to  80  ft. 
wide;  the  south,  distance  175  ft.,  is  190 
ft.  long  and  35  ft.  wide,  with  another 
stope  30  ft.  to  the  west,  parallel,  100  ft. 
long  and  20  ft.  wide.  On  the  fifth  (515- 
ft. )  level  the  stopes  are  more  irregular. 
The  north  stope  is  110  ft.  long,  10  to  90 
ft.  wide,  with  another  small  stope  to  the 


and  topographic  sketch  map  the  shoots 
are  shown  in  approximate  position  and 
outline. 

Orebodies  Dip  Steeply 

The  strike  of  the  vein  is  north  5  to  20 
deg.  west.  The  shoots  are  practically 
vertical  with  no  appreciable  pitch  north 
or  south.  From  the  surface  to  the  third 
level  the  shearings  dip  westerly  50  to  60 
deg.;  between  the  third  and   fourth  they 


?iM\m»^s^^^:=^\m^m 


.■\ndesite 


_:-..  Y^.-Xi i_ > --^- --i VB 


i-y 


-'    . San\  Juan  Shaft'!  i;:ii''a'fiq,.,,    ,  \/. 


\\ 


Topograpluc  and  Geologic 

Sketch  Map  of 
Vicinity  of  Palmilla  Mine. 

Scale.  1  ill.  -  195  Meters. 
Contour  lutervul  40  Meters. 
F"<^^  AiKlcsite. 
I  Uhyollte. 
I  Sliole. 
I  Limestone, 
1  Quartzite. 


west.  The  south  stope,  distance,  175  ft., 
is  230  ft.  long  and  15  to  70  ft.  wide.  On 
the  5!  J  level  the  north  stope  is  150  by 
50  to  60  ft.;  the  south  K30  by  40  to  90 
ft.  On  the  sixth  (578-ft.)  level,  the 
north  shoot  is  stoped  130  ft.  long  and 
15  to  70  ft.  wide;  the  south,  240  ft.  away, 
is  150  ft.  long  and  40  to  100  ft.  wide. 
An  underhand  stope  on  the  north  shoot 
still  has  good  ore  in  the  cast  wall.  The 
original  water  level  was  18  ft.  above  the 
floor  of  the  sixth  level.     In  the  geologic 


Tlu  Engiimring  fSRning  Journal 


are  vertical;  below  the  fourth  they  dip 
easterly  50  to  75  deg.  The  shoots  appear 
to  widen  in  the  direction  of  the  dip  of 
the   shearing. 

One  Period  of  Mineralization 

Microscopic  examination  of  ore  of 
various  grades  indicates  but  one  period 
of  mineralization.  A  piece  of  medium- 
grade  ore  from  the  third  level  south,  as- 
saying about  ,30  oz.  silver  and  $3  in  gold, 
was  reported  on  as  "a  crushed  pcphy- 


August  6.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


261 


ritic  type,  probably  an  andesite  and  thor- 
oughly silicified.  Secondary  silica  oc- 
curs both  as  quartz  and  chalcedony.  Flu- 
orite  is  rather  plentiful  and  sulphide 
mineralization  accompanied  these  im- 
pregnations. There  appears  to  be  no 
evidence  of  more  than  one  period  of  min- 
eralization." In  a  hand  specimen  the  ore 
shows  banding.  Irregular  bands  of  chal- 
cedony ;.(-in.  or  less  thick,  are  separated 


gray  color  and  dense  close  grain;  of 
medium  to  very  fine  texture,  interlocking 
grains  of  quartz  chiefly,  with  scattering 
crystals  and  aggregates  of  sulphide.  The 
sulphides  are  all  simple  pyrite,  with  no 
trace  of  secondary  enrichment.  The  ar- 
rangement of  coarser  and  finer  areas  in- 
dicates brecciation  with  thorough  silicifi- 
cation  and  cementation  of  the  whole 
mass. 


ments  exhibit  an  arrangement  resembling 
porphyritic  texture  and  this  is  believed  to 
be  the  character  of  the  original  rock,  i.e., 
a  porphyritic  andesite  of  rather  fine 
grain.  The  steps  then,  are:  (1)  A 
porphyritic  rock;  (2)  crushing  with  brec- 
ciation; (3)  silicification  with  perhaps 
additional  movement;  (4)  mineralization 
beginning  in  the  silicification  of  the  frag- 
ments and  somewhat  stronger  in  the  clos- 


SJ*    "€0^0   tMtr(4ivAlH^Ptf 


'fAK  ^DAHZl^QO   SMFT 


fiauTH  or  z^  i.e\ei 

AO*T 


Looking  Northw  est  at  Pal.milla  Hill  near    Parral,   Chihuahua,   Mex. 


Sorting  Patio  and  Terminal  of  Aerial  Tra.m 


San  Juan  Shaft  House 


;/3  vmCtttdS    Sf^fr 


^^^1^ 


Looking  North  toward   Mine  Office,  Pal.milla  Hilt. 


by  threads  of  glassy  quartz.  In  certain 
bands  galena  is  plentiful  in  very  small 
cr\'stals;  in  others  no  i-  'allic  minerals 
appear. 

Mineralogic  Description  of  Ore 

Ore  of  a  better  grade,  running  67  oz. 
silver  and  0.70  oz.  in  gold  from  an  un- 
derhand stope  below  the  lowest  level  is 
thus  described:     "It  is  very  silicious,  of 


"The  association  is  such  as  to  indicate 
that  mineralization  was  contemporaneous 
with  the  silicification  that  cemented  the 
brecciated  mass,  and  especially  with  the 
later  stages  of  this  process,  for  the  sul- 
phides are  more  abundant  in  the  streaks 
that  represent  crevices  or  fracture  lines, 
but  they  are  also  present  in  other  por- 
tions of  the   rock. 

"Some  of  the  supposed   original    frag- 


ing  stages  of  silicification  which  ended 
by  (5)  final  cementation  of  all  fractures." 
Ore  of  a  higher  grade  from  below 
water  level,  assaying  4.12  oz.  gold  and 
310  oz.  silver,  was  of  a  similar  appear- 
ance. It  is  described  as  follows:  "Me- 
tallic mineralization  accompanied  the  sil- 
icification and  includes  pyrite  and  a  veiy 
dark  gray  mineral,  both  abundantly  de- 
veloped, and  a  light  gray  one  mixed  in 


262 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6.   1910. 


rather  small  amount.  Of  these  the  yel- 
low pyrite  seems  to  have  come  in  first. 
The  dark  metallic  constituent  surrounds 
the  pyrite  and  penetrates  it  in  occasion- 
al places.  But  all  are  of  early  origin 
and  none  later  than  the  final  silicifica- 
tion. 

"The  very  latest  stage,  represented  by 
a  few  veinlets,  introduced  some  addi- 
tional minerals,  such  as  garnet  and  fluor- 
ite.  These  emphasize  the  conclusions 
that  all  the  mineralization  dates  back  to 
the  general  period  of  silicification  and 
that  in  all  probability  this  period  was 
connected  with  some  igneous  activity  in 
the  neighborhood,  which  was  also  the 
source  of  the  mineralization. 

"There  are  also  some  streaks  of  me- 
tallic constituents  that  clearly  follow 
cracks  that  are  now  wholly  healed,  and  in 
so  far  there  has  been  some  shift  of  con- 
stituents subsequent  to  the  original  de- 
velopment. But  this  is  a  rather  insig- 
nificant portion  of  the  whole,  which  does 
not  differ  mineralogically,  and  there  is  a 
far  larger  amount  that  clearly  has  not 
been  affected  at  all  by  the  latter  crevicing 
and  readjustment."  In  this  connection 
the  presence  of  the  garnet,  usually  the 
product  of  contact  or  regional  meta- 
morphism,  is  of  particular  interest.  In 
commenting  on  it.  Dr.  Walter  Harvey 
Weed  said  that  he  knew  of  no  record  of 
its  occurrence  under  similar  conditions. 

These  detailed  descriptions  of  the 
characteristics  of  the  ore  are  quoted  from 
the  letters  of  Dr.  Charles  P.  Berkey,  of 
the  Columbia  School  of  Mines.  The  char- 
acter of  the  ore  is  of  interest,  since  it 
tends  to  show  that  the  rich  orebodies 
that  have  made  the  mine  famous  do  not 
owe  their  value  to  processes  of  second- 
ary enrichment,  but  are  bodies  of  pri- 
mary ore.  There  seems  to  be  no  reason 
why  the  oreshoots  should  not  maintain 
depth. 

Not  a  High  Grade  Mine 

It  is  probable  that  even  in  the  days  of 
the  greatest  production  the  average  run- 
of-mine  ore  was  not  of  sensational  grade. 
There  were  bunches  and  stringers  that 
were  very  rich,  running  10  to  15  oz.  gold 
with  high  silver  contents,  but  probably 
the  average  value  of  all  the  material 
sloped  did  not  exceed  40  oz.  silver  and 
$5  to  $8  gold.  There  appears  to  be  an 
increase  in  the  proportion  of  gold  as 
depth  is  gained.  The  value  ratio  varies 
greatly.  In  100  samples,  the  ratio  of  gold 
and  silver  ranged  from  1:9,  to  11:1,  but 
the  average  was  between  1:1  and  1:2. 
The  contents  of  the  ore  varies  abruptly 
and  through  wide  limits  in  short  dis- 
tances. As  yet  there  has  been  compara- 
tively little  crosscutting,  but  what  there 
is  indicates  that  good  milling  ore  may 
be  found  across  a  width  of  100  to  l.SO 
ft.  and  perhaps  more,  though  not  neces- 
sarily continuous  over  the  whole  width, 
for  in  the  shoots  there  are  some  barren 
spots. 


Development   and   Equipment 

The  accompanying  illustrations  show 
the  configuration  of  the  country,  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  mine  plant  and  the  dump 
which  contains  a  large  tonnage  of  lov.-- 
grade  ore.  There  are  eight  shafts  on  the 
Palmilla  claim,  only  two  of  which  are 
important.  The  San  Juan  shaft,  sunk  on 
the  east  side  of  the  south  orebody,  is 
the  present  main-working  shaft,  and  is 
equipped  with  a  50-h.p.  Denver  Engi- 
neering Works  electric  hoist.  Its  sump 
extends  30  ft.  below  the  sixth  level.  Tiro 
General,  which  is  to  be  the  main  shaft 
below  the  fourth  level,  is  sunk  on  the 
west  side  of  the  north  orebody.  On  t'.:e 
400  a  double-track  adit  1100  ft.  long  has 
been  driven  to  the  station  from  the  west 
side   of   the    hill.      Below    this    level    the 


Uf'V^',    ....    .    ■■ 


Outcrop  of  Palmilla  Vein 

three-compartment  shaft  is  being  car- 
ried down  about  7x20  ft.  outside  the  tim- 
bers. 

In  October,  1009,  the  bottom  was  182 
ft.  below  the  sixth  level.  Little  work  has 
been  done  below  this  level,  since  it  had 
been  necessary  to  wait  for  more  complete 
pumping  equipment  as  the  Tiro  Genera! 
m.akes  about  800  gal.  per  min.  and  the 
San  Juan  about  400.  At  the  San  Juan 
a  four-stage  centrifugal  pump,  made  by 
the  Buffalo  Steam  Pump  Works,  driven 
by  a  155-h.p.  General  Electric  synchron- 
ous motor,  has  been  giving  great  satis- 
faction for  over  six  months.  The  water 
is  clean  and  not  acid,  and  the  pump 
rhows  a  high  efficiency.  Two  more  have 
been  ordered  for  the  Tiro  General.  For- 
merly water  was  discharged  through  an 
adit  from  the  east  on  the  second  level. 
This  has  been  superseded  by  use  of  the 
fourth-level   adit. 

Despite  the  hinh  cost  of  power  pur- 
chased from  a  local  steam-electric  plant, 


the  policy  has  been  toward  the  use  of 
electric  power  wherever  possible  as  be- 
ing more  economical  and  in  general  more 
satisfactory.  It  is  understood  that  a 
large  plant  soon  to  be  erected  will  gen- 
erate power  for  the  mine  and  the  new 
mill.  The  first  250-ton  unit  of  the  latter 
is  in  process  of  construction.  T^e  plans 
provide  for  increase  to  a  capacity  of  1000 
tons  a  day. 

The  country  is  firm  and  the  great  open 
stopes  stand  safely  without  filling  or 
timber.  The  wage  scale  is  higher  than 
in  the  camps  of  central  and  southern 
Mexico.  Miners  receive  1.75  pesos; 
muckers,  1;  blacksmiths,  4;  Mexican 
pumpmen,  2  to  2.50;  hoistmen,  2.50  to 
3.25;  machine  men,  3  to  3.50;  mactiine 
helpers,  2.50;  and  timbermen,  2  to  2.50 
pesos  per  day. 


Zinc  Shipments  from  Mexico 


In  the  following  report  from  Chihua- 
hua, U.  S.  Consul  L.  J.  Keena  describes 
the  advantages  of  sending  zinc  ores  from 
Mexico  to  Europe  for  smelting  rather 
than   to   the   United   States. 

The  second  week  in  March  two  con- 
signments of  zinc  ore  were  sent  from 
this  district  to  Germany,  via  Tampico, 
and  on  the  basis  of  the  returns  H-om 
these  shipments  it  is  probable  that  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  zinc  ore 
mined  in  this  district  will  be  marketed 
in  England  and  Germany.  The  freight 
tariff  of  the  National  Lines  of  Mexico, 
which  went  into  effect  Dec.  23,  1909,  has 
made  it  slightly  more  profitable  to  ship 
zinc  ore  to  European  points  By  way  of 
Tampico  than  to  send  it  to  the  Kansas 
smelters  by  El  Paso,  Tex.  The  rate  on 
zinc  ore  from  Chihuahua  to  El  Paso 
was  raised  from  SI. 89  to  S2.97  per  ton, 
while  the  rate  from  Chihuahua  to  Tam- 
pico was  lowered  from  $4.87  to  $4.60 
per  ton. 

That  increase  of  S1.08  in  freight  cost 
on  shipments  to  the  United  States,  when 
augmented  by  the  duty  into  the  United 
States  of  Ic.  per  pound  on  the  zinc  con- 
tents of  ore  containing  25  per  cent,  or 
more  of  zinc,  gives  European  markets  a 
small  advantage  in  buying  in  this  district. 
The  maximum  freight  to  ports  in  England 
or  Germany  is  S7.60  per  ton — $4.60,  Chi- 
huahua to  Tampico,  and  S3,  Tampico  to 
England  or  Germany.  The  ocean  charge 
may  often  be  as  low  as  $2  per  ton,  when 
the  ore  is  taken  on  as  ballast  or  in  de- 
fault of  a  return  cargo. 

To  deliver  Chihuahua  ore  to  the  Kan- 
sas smelters  costs  $7.20  per  ton — S2.97, 
Chihuahua  to  El  Paso,  Tex.,  and  $4.23, 
El  Paso  to  the  smeltery.  The  brokerage 
charges  at  the  United  States  border  are 
higher  than  the  same  charges  on  zinc  ore 
sent  to  England  or  Germany,  owing  to 
the  contents  of  this  ore  being  dutiable  in 
the  United  States. 


August  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


263 


Basic  Lined  Converters  for  Leady  Copper  Mattes 

Under   Careful  Operation    Basic    Linings    Successful.      Fumes  Filtered 
through    Woolen     Bags ;     Gas    Dilution    Checked    H_.  SO,     Formation 


BY        R  E  D  I  C  K 


R. 


MOORE* 


The  application  of  the  converting  pro- 
cess to  concentrated  lead-copper  matte 
was  given  a  setback  and  greatly  de- 
layed by  the  results  of  experiments  re- 
ferred to  by  Peters'.  He  says  "In  treat- 
ing concentration  matte  from  lead-silver 
blast  furnaces  with  approximately  40  per 
cent,  copper  and  15  per  cent,  lead,  the 
loss  in  silver  was  something  incredible 
— reaching  "the  preposterous  figure  of 
50  per  cent,  of  the  total  silver  in  the 
matte." 

At  Aguascalientes  in  their  earlier  oper- 
ations small  amounts  of  lead  appeared 
in  the  copper  mattes  and  as  no  notable 
silver  losses  occurred  it  was  permitted  to 
increase  but  a  baghouse  and  an  extensive 
flue  system  was  installed  to  save  any 
metals  that  might  be  volatilized.  When 
converting  mattes,  containing  5  to  6  per 
cent,  lead  and  200  to  300  oz.  silver  per 
ton,  the  flue  dust  from  the  baghouse 
contained  50  to  62  per  cent,  lead  and  10 
to  20  oz.  silver  per  ton,  and  as  the  flue 
dust  collected  in  the  baghouse  contained 
less  than  one-third  of  the  total  lead  in 
the  matte,  the  silver  loss  would  not  have 
been  over  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  if  it 
had  been  allowed  to  go  out  with  the  stack 
gases.  The  baghouse  dust  showed  from 
only  a  trace  to  one-tenth  of  one  per  cent. 
of  copper. 

The  results  at  Aguascalientes  led  the 
company  to  install  converters  of  a  simi- 
lar type  at  Omaha  for  the  treatirient  of 
concentrated  lead-copper  mattes  and 
these  with  the  baghouse  attachments  have 
been  in  successful  operation  since  1905. 

One  Lining  Made  1000  Tons  Copper 

In  1908  a  basic-lined  converter  was  in- 
stalled at  Omaha  for  leady  mattes,  but 
after  some  trials  they  reverted  to  the 
acid-lined  type,  as  there  was  no  reduc- 
tion of  costs  in  the  newer  type,  it  required 
more  careful  working,  there  was  con- 
siderable time  lost  in  making  the  repairs, 
and  the  life  of  the  lining  was  too  short. 
Later  experience  at  Perth  Amboy  would 
indicate  that  with  sufficient  care  in  oper- 
ation of  the  blast  furnace,  furnishing 
mattes  of  desirable  grade  and  with  lower 
percentages  of  speiss,  and  proper  care  in 
handling  the  converter,  a  reasonable 
length  of  life  of  lining  and  lower  costs 
could  be  obtained.  Two  runs  on  lead- 
copper  mattes  made  at  Perth  Amboy  gave 
800  and   1000  tons  of  copper  bullion  re- 

•fiinsiillliii,-  nilnlni:  iind  metnllniL-icnl  on- 
clnipi-  lo  till.  MpxiinnAmiTlcnn  llolilint'  nnd 
Improvnnioiit  <'<ini|innv.  L'li  Hrond  slifpt  \.\v 
inrk. 

'"Mi>ilcrn   ('o|i|)i'r   Snii-ltlnK,"   p.   ■"i'iS. 


spectively  per  lining,  and  a  lower  cost 
than  any  plant  using  acid-lined  convert- 
ers, that  I  know  of,  even  on  straight  cop- 
per mattes,  assuming  for  the  same  items 
similar  labor  and  power  costs.  Baghouse 
costs  and  cost  of  smelting  matte  must,  of 
course,  be  omitted  for  purposes  of  com- 
parison with  plants  converting  copper 
mattes  direct  from  settlers.  Probably  one- 
third  of  the  lead-copper  matte  converted 
was  added  cold. 

Metal  Losses  Reduced 

The  baghouse  flue  dust  contained  less 
than  6  oz.  of  silver  per  ton  and  over  50 
per  cent,  of  lead  and  there  was  no  sign 
of  the  "thick  rose-colored  coating,"  car- 
rying a  high  percentage  of  "silver  on 
tools  and  neighboring  iron  work"  men- 
tioned by  Peters.  In  fact,  the  fiue  dust 
from  the  hood  and  flue  near  the  converter 
showed  no  higher  silver  contents  than  ob- 
tained in  similar  flue  dust  from  straight 
copper-matte  converting  with  mattes  of 
the  same  grade,  say  150  to  200  ounces. 
Aside  from  the  slag  losses,  originally  fig- 
ured upon  the  silica  content  of  the  ore,  it 
may  be  stated  that  with  a  baghouse 
connection,  there  is  practically  no  loss  in 
metals  in  converting  except  the  slight 
loss  which  is  largely  recovered  in  the 
shape  of  cleanings  and  sweepings  that 
occur  in  turning  up  and  down  the  con- 
verter vessel. 

Small  Flues  Cause  Loss 
Without  a  baghouse  and  connected  with 
a  stack  by  a  small  short  flue  there  may 
be  a  great,  easily  avoidable  loss  of  copper 
and  associated  metals  on  any  kind  of 
mattes.  At  one  plant  where  such  an  ar- 
rangement was  in  use  the  loss  approxi- 
mated 1700  lb.  of  copper  with  the  as- 
sociated gold  and  silver  per  day  according 
to  a  series  of  gas  measurements  and 
analyses  of  the  solid  matter  filtered  from 
the  gases.  In  general  it  may  be  said  that 
if  there  is  any  considerable  amount  of 
copper  in  the  flue  dust  at  the  bottom  of 
the  stacks  the  flue  system  is  too  small 
and  greater  settling  capacity  should  be 
provided. 

The  arrangements  of  the  converters  and 
furnaces  so  that  the  pellets  of  matte, 
metal  and  ore  blown  out  in  turning  up 
and  down  the  converters  may  lodge  in 
waste  products,  such  as  ashes  and  slag 
pots,  may  also  occasion  serious  losses  of 
metals,  and  soft  dirt  or  »«*  floors  in  the 
sonverter  plant  results  in  the  resmelting 
of  a  great  deal  of  barren  material  at 
considerable  cost  and  increased  slag 
losses. 


Bag  Houses  on  Converter  Fume 

A  great  deal  of  trouble  was  experi- 
enced at  Perth  Amboy  with  the  baghouse 
on  the  preliminary  experiments.  When 
constructed  it  was  not  expected  that  any 
serious  difficulty  would  be  had,  but  when 
the  gases  were  turned  into  it  the  cotton 
bags  were  very  quickly  destroyed  by  the 
sulphuric  acid  formed  from  the  rich  sul- 
phurous acid  gases  produced  by  the  con- 
verter, especially  in  the  second  period. 
With  more  lead  in  the  matte  on  the  sec- 
ond trial  and  in  less  than  three  charges, 
the  bags  were  also  quickly  destroyed.  A 
number  of  tests  on  a  small  experimental 
baghouse  gave  no  better  results  and  a 
long  sheet-iron  flue  to  cool  them  and  set- 
tle the  sulphuric  acid  was  built.  This 
gave  no  better  results  as  shown  by  the 
experimental  baghouse.  The  admission 
of  air  near  the  inlet  of  the  gases  into  the 
flue  giving  a  dilution  of  about  ten  air 
to  one  of  gas  gave  apparently  good  re- 
sults on  a  few  bags  set  in  the  baghouse 
when  leady  mattes  with  10  per  cent,  of 
lead  or  upward  were  convened. 

When  the  baghouse  was  equipped  with 
about  1000  bags,  the  results  were  ex- 
cellent for  three  charges,  but  the  fourth 
was  cold  on  the  blow  for  copper  and 
foamed;  lead  fumes  were  not  produced 
in  considerable  quantities  and  all  of  the 
cotton  bags  were  found  to  be  moist  with 
sulphuric  acid  and  had  to  be  replaced. 
About  140  woolen  bags  that  had  been  used 
to  fill  out  the  house  were  not  damaged 
seriously.  The  cotton  bags  were  changed 
as  quickly  as  possible  and  thereafter 
whenever  the  charge  was  cold  and  gave 
signs  of  foaming  the  gases  were  shut  olT 
from  the  bags  and  turned  into  the  stack. 
By  this  means  we  secured  a  life  of  about 
1475  tons  of  blister  copper  to  a  set  of 
bags  with  the  woolen  bags  still  doing 
good  service  and  apparently  as  good  as 
ever.  This  would  naturally  lead  to  the 
adoption  of  woolen  bags  entirely  as  that 
seems  to  have  been  the  result  of  experi- 
ence elsewhere-.  The  theoretical  percent- 
age of  SO.,  in  the  gases  from  the  com- 
bustion of  sulphur  and  the  various  com- 
pounds of  sulphur  with  the  necessary  air 
is,  by  volume:  20.8  per  cent,  for  CuiS 
to  SO.;  14.9  per  cent,  for  FeS  to  S0=; 
17.4  per  cent,  for  FeS.  to  280.-;  13.9  per 
cent,  for  Fe.S.  to  4S0.-;  and  20.8  per  cent, 
for  S  to  SO:. 

The  compounds  burned  in  converting 
seem  to  be  Fe  S.  in  the  first  part  of  the 
operation  and  Cu:S  in  the  second  period. 


'SprnKUP,    Kng.   axd    Min-.   Jocbn.,    Uarcb 
3,    1910. 


284 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


Cases  containing  as  much  as  9  per  cent, 
by  volume  of  SO:  have  been  produced 
while  maintaining  sufficient  draft  to  keep 
the  converter  building  clear  from  gas  and 
fume.s. 

Sulphuric  Acid  in  the  Gases 

While  at  times  there  was  a  large 
amount  of  sulphuric  acid  in  the  gases  it 
must  not  be  considered  that  SO3  is  formed 
in  the  converter.  As  the  gases  are  one  of 
the  products  of  the  combustion  in  the 
converter  they  must  have  the  same  tem- 
perature as  the  other  product,  which  is 
the  FeO  forming  slag,  and  evidently  can- 
not in  any  case  be  below  the  melting  tem- 
perature of  copper  or  1085  deg.  C.  As 
SO3  is  decomposed"'  into  S0=-)-0  at  be- 
tween 900  and  1000  deg.  C.  it  is  impos- 
sible for  it  to  exist  in  converter  or  re- 
verberatory  gases.  SO::  is,  however, 
formed  at  the  temperature  of  430  deg.  C. 
and  in  greater  or  less  amounts  at  380  to 
700  deg.  C.  in  the  presence  of  catalyzers. 
It  is  stated  by  Deville'  that  at  1200  deg.  C. 
sulphurous  acid  is  decomposed  into  sul- 
phuric anhydride  and  sulphur  according 
to  the  equation  3S0:  =  2S0:,  +  S,  but  this 
needs  verification.  In  any  event  even  if 
SO:,  should  be  formed  at  the  higher  tem- 
perature it  would  be  decomposed  again 
at  1000  deg.  C.  to  SO.  and  O— so  that 
SO2  would  be  the  product  we  would  have 
to  deal   with. 

Formation  of  H,S0.  Checked  by  Admis- 
sion OF  Air  in  the  Flues 

The  hood  and  flues  at  Perth  Amboy  as 
originally  installed  were  built  of  brick  or 
brick-lined.  The  conditions  would  have 
been  ideal  for  the  production  of  SO:,  by 
catalytic  action  if  there  had  been  suffi- 
cient contact  between  the  catalyzer  and 
the  gases,  as  they  were  maintained  at  the 
proper  temperature  for  a  considerable 
distance.  The  catalyzers  were  the  flue 
dust  consisting  of  copper  oxides  and  sul- 
phates, iron  oxides,  etc.,  which  always 
accumulate  in  the  flue. 

The  dilution  of  the  gases  in  some  of 
the  earlier  experiments  was  as  low  as  1 
to  1.  Naturally  the  lengthening  of  the 
flue  and  cooling  of  the  gases  by  radiation 
from  steel  surfaces  was  useless,  as  the 
SO:  had  already  been  formed  and  the 
impossibility  of  settling  a  fine  mist  of 
H,SO,  under  the  conditions  prevailing  is 
well  known  in  the  acid  industry.  The 
remedy  was  not  to  form  the  SO:-,  in  ex- 
cessive amounts  and  this  was  accom- 
plished by  admitting  a  large  excess  of  air 
with  the  gases  at  the  hood  and  cooling 
them  quickly  below  the  temperature  at 
which  the  catalytic  action  occurs.  At  the 
same  time  sufficient  heat  must  be  main- 
tained in  the  converting  vessel  to  vola- 
tilize considerable  lead  and  zinc,  the 
oxides  of  which,  formed  upon  admixture 
with  air  at  the  throat,  would  neutralize 


any  small  amounts  of  sulphuric  acid  that 
might  be  formed.  When  foaming  oc- 
curred in  the  second  period  of  converting, 
the  enormous  volume  of  sulphurous  acid 
given  off  neutralized  the  effect  of  the  air 
admitted  for  dilution  and  quick  cooling  of 
the  gases,  with  the  result  that  consider- 
able sulphuric  acid  was  formed.  As  the 
charge  was  cold  and  practically  no  lead 
or  zinc  was  being  volatilized,  the  acid 
was  not  neutralized  and  destroyed  the 
bags.  As  the  woolen  bags  were  not  so 
readily  attacked  by  the  acid  and  only 
comparatively  small  amounts  were  formed 
for  a  short  period  they  were  not  de- 
stroyed. A  small  amount  of  sulphuric 
acid,  however,  will  rot  cotton  fabric. 

Utilization  of  Glover  Tower  Ad- 
vocated 

Personally  I  am  opposed  to  the  bag- 
house  system  for  handling  the  fume  from 
converters  as  wrong  in  principle  and  cost- 
ly at  the  best  in  practice.  My  idea  is  to 
utilize  an  adaptation  of  the  Glover  tower 
packed  with  quartz  and  sprayed  with  a 
strong  stream  of  cold  water.  To  work 
this  out  the  connection  between  the  mouth 


considerable  source  of  profit.  In  this  day 
and  age  there  is  no  excuse  for  the  apathy 
that  permits  the  waste  of  thousands  of 
tons  of  sulphur  and  arsenic  and  allows 
them  to  vitiate  the  air  where  there  is  a 
profitable  market,  only  requiring  the  ex- 
ercise of  some  capital,  knowledge  and  in- 
genuity for  their  conservation. 


Furnace    Charging   Apparatus 


A  recent  patent  (U.  S.  Pat.  951,304) 
for  charging  reverberatory  furnaces  has 
been  granted  A.  C.  Clark,  of  Perth  Am- 
boy, N.  J.,  and  F,  L.  Antisell,  of  New 
York. 

The  apparatus  consists  of  an  over- 
head crane  supporting  a  carriage  run- 
ning at  right  angles  to  the  craneway. 
Suspended  from  the  carriage  is  a  hous- 
ing mounted  to  turn  relatively  to  the  car- 
riage and  supporting  a  peel  A,  which 
can  be  moved  up  and  down  as  well  as 
transversely.  The  novel  feature  consists 
of  a  shelf  JB,  which  is  actuated  by  a 
bar  headed  in  a  piston  in  the  cylinder  C, 


Si;!^;;^j»^;;m^^mi^^\\\i^^ 


The  Engineering  i  .Viniiiy  JuufMli 


Clark  and  Antisell   Charging  Crane 


"Tin:   MiNKii.u,   Iniusthv.   Vol.    10,   p.   (10.-. 
'Comptei  JieniluH,  Vol.  r.n,  p.  .317, 


of  the  converter  and  the  hood  should  fit 
as  closely  as  possible;  inject  a  jet  of 
steam  with  the  gases  at  the  hood  to  in- 
sure the  dampness  of  the  fume;  maintain 
the  temperature  of  catalytic  action  so  as 
to  produce  some  H,SO,;  then  cool  as 
much  as  possible  by  radiation  through 
long  flues  and  pass  into  the  tower  by  a 
pressure  fan.  The  fine  and  tower  would 
have  to  be  lined  with  acid-proof  brick. 
Where  sulphuric  acid  was  marketable  I 
would  absorb  all  the  S0=  in  water  and 
afterward  liberate  it  by  the  heat  of  the 
gases  and  send  it  to  the  chambers  for 
conversion  into  H.SO..  Otherwise  the  wa- 
ter would  be  used  over  and  over  again 
and  the  S0=  liberated  to  the  air  until  the 
water  was  saturated  with  zinc  and  iron 
salts  which  could  be  put  into  a  market- 
able or  usable  form.  To  keep  up  a  uni- 
form supply  of  gas  for  the  acid  chambers 
several  converters  should  be  in  operation 
and  the  converter  plant  should  be  built 
and  the  furnaces  and  settlers  arranged  to 
give  the  necessary  elasticity. 

Atlantic  coast  and  eastern  plants  in 
general  will  soon  be  forced  to  take  care 
of  their  gases  and  fumes  and  there  is 
no  reason  why  they  should  not  be  made  a 


and  a  stop  D,  which  prevents  the  charge 
from  spreading  when  the  shelf  is  sud- 
denly withdrawn.  The  inventors  claim 
that  with  this  type  of  crane  the  charge 
will  be  uniformly  and  evenly  stacked, 
utilizing  the  entire  available  space  of  the 
furnace  intended  for  charge. 


Ferro-Molybdenum  Now  Made  by 
the  Thermit  Process 


The  number  of  metals  and  alloys  pro- 
duced by  the  Thermit  process  has  now 
been  extended  to  include  ferro-molyb- 
denuni,  which  is  coming  into  quite  gen- 
eral use  as  a  valuable  alloy  in  high-grade 
steels.  Up  to  the  present  time  the  pure 
iTiolybdenum  only  has  been  produced  by 
the  Thermit  process,  but  in  order  to  sup- 
ply a  demand  for  ferro-molybdenum,  that 
alloy  is  now  being  manufactured. 

It  is  claimed  that  the  advantage  of 
ferro-molybdenum  over  metallic  molyb- 
denum consists  in  the  fact  that  it  does 
not  oxidize,  and  also  that  it  may  be  more 
easily  alloyed  with  steel,  owing  to  its 
lower  melting  point. 


J 


August  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


265 


The  Hecla    Mine    Hoist 

The  operation  of  large  electric  hoists 
has  receivcci  careful  consideration  during 
the  last  few  years.  With  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  polyphase  alternating-current 
geiierators  and  high-tension  transmission 
lines,  electric  power  has  become  available 
in  most  of  the  great  mining  districts. 
The  simplest  method  of  utilizing  this 
power  for  hoist  work  is  through  the  di- 
rect application  of  an  alternating-current 
induction  motor.  If  the  capacity  of  the 
hoist  is  comparatively  small,  this  is  satis- 
factory, but  where  heavy  loads  must  be 
handled  at  high  speed,  the  peak  due  to 
acceleration  of  the  moving  parts  is  often 
far  in  excess  of  the  average  requirements 
of  the  hoist.  If  the  hoist  is  at  the  end 
of  a  long  transmission  lire,  an  excessive 
amount  of  copper  must  be  installed  to 
prevent    an    undue    drop    in    the    voltage 


Capacity  of  Hoist 

The  hoist,  built  by  the  Wellman-Seaver- 

Morgan  Company,  consists  of  two  reels, 

each  capable  of  holding  2500  ft.  of  \sx4- 

in.    flat    rope.      Under   normal    conditions 


Some  Interesting  Data  from  the 
Rand 


Although   the   gold   mines   of  the   Wit- 


the  hoist  operates  balanced;   that  is,  the     watersrand  in  the  Transvaal  have  become 
empty  cage  descends  as  the  loaded  cage     world    famous   as  steady   producers,   and 


Main  Reef 

Main- 

[lEEF. 

Leadeh. 

South 

Reef. 

Stopi 

XG    Widths. 

,\ctiial 

Mill 

r-:?itiac- 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Heads, 

Iion, 

Width, 

Ton, 

Width,    Ton, 

Width, 

Ton, 

MR., 

M.R.L., 

S.R., 

Dwt.  per 

Per 

Company. 

rn. 

Dwt. 

In.       Dwt. 

In. 

Dwt. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

Ton. 

Cent. 

(Ilfii  l)i-op. . .  . 

24.0 

13.4 

35          U   4 

IS 

10.4 

66 

56 

60 

6.995 

87.77 

Itosf  I)t-ep..  .  . 

26.7 

9 

13.4 

21.1 

21.3 

12.5 

71 

30 

51 

6.63 

83.85 

(ifl.li-llllUlS.  . . 

22 

8.9 

11 

28.3 

19 

11 

47 

39 

52 

6.3,')5 

84.18 

Nourse 

23 

8.3 

12 

25.3 

14 

24,5 

61 

46 

50 

7.829 

80.36 

Ferreira 

25 

3.7 

28 

20.  .5 

23 

21.4 

70 

70 

57 

11.23, 

87.4 

Clown 

2J.7 

3.7 

23.9 

16.6 

21.6 

16.8 

63.8 

63.8 

63.2 

8.21 

90.7 

IHiiiian 

Hoodepoort. 

24.4 

11.0 

6.4 

51.3 

61 

40 

7.74 

79.0 

is  raised.  If  desired,  however,  either  reel 
may  be  operated  independently  of  the 
other.     The  winding  diameter  of  the  reel 


Electric  Hoist  at  thi;  Hecla  Mine,  Burke,  Idaho 


during  the  maximum  demand.  In  any 
case,  the  power  company  must  install  all 
its  equipment  with  reference  to  peak  In- 
stead of  the  average  load  and  must 
charge  accordingly. 

Flywheel-motor  Generator 

To  meet  these  conditions  the  flywheel 
motor-generator  type  of  hoist  has  been 
developed.  The  heavy  peak  loads  are 
thus  eliminated  from  the  line  and  the 
wear  on  the  mechanical  brakes  is  re- 
duced. 

The  accompanying  illustration  shows 
the  electric  hoist  recently  installed  by 
the  Hecla  Mining  Company,  Burke.  Ida. 
The  power  available  is  a  3-phase,  60- 
cycle  current,  ranging  from  2080  to  2300 
volts.  A  450-h.p.,  3-phase,  60-cycle 
motor  drives  the  direct-current  generator. 
The  flywheel  weighing  30,000  lb.,  is 
mounted  on  the  shaft  between  motor  and 
generator;  the  direct-connected  exciter 
is  carried  upon  the  shaft  extension  at 
the  end  of  the  set.  The  entire  electrical 
equpiment  was  supplied  by  the  Westing- 
house  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany. 


varies  from  a  minimum  of  five  feet  to  a 
maximum  of  13  ft.  when  the  entire  2500 
ft.  of  rope  is  wound  up.  Each  of  these 
reels  is  fitted  witln  a  Webster,  Camp  & 
Lane  band  friction  clutch,  post  brake  and 
indicator. 

The  brakes,  which  are  operated  by 
means  of  combined  air  and  oil  cylinders 
and  heavy  counterweights,  are  so  de- 
signed that  they  arc  set  by  the  weights 
and   released  by  means  of  air  cylinders. 

This  hoist  has  a  maximum  hoisting 
speed  of  2400  ft.  per  min.,  and  will 
handle  an  unbalanced  load  of  16,000  lb., 
including  rope,  from  a  depth  of  2500  ft. 
The  complete  equipment,  including  the 
motor-generator  set,  hoist  motor,  slip  reg- 
ulator, switchboard  and  hoist,  weighs 
over  300,000  pounds. 


A  movement  is  on  foot  in  Nevada  to 
erect  a  monument  over  the  grave  of 
.John  Comstock,  discoverer  of  the  famous 
Comstock  lode.  He  is  buried  in  the  Boze- 
man,  Mont.,  cemetery.  Frank  B.  Mercer, 
who  recently  made  the  discovery  that  the 
grave  was  unmarked,  has  started  the 
movement. 


data  concerning  their  operations,  costs, 
etc.,  are  read  with  interest  whenever 
mining  men  read  mining  papers,  yet  many 
who  are.  familiar  with  the  steps  taken 
there  in  the  development  of  the  tube  mill, 
heavy  stamps,  cyanide  practice,  etc.,  have 
but  a  scant  idea  of  the  general  character- 
istics of  the  mining  district.  The  accom- 
panying table  is  compiled  from  data  in- 
cluded in  the  1909  report  of  the  Rand 
.Mines,  Ltd.,  one  of  the  largest  of  the 
Rand  consolidations,  and  is  given  as  il- 
lustrating some  of  the  principal  features 
o''  the  mines. 

The  general  altitude  of  the  Rand  is 
5600  to  6000  ft.  above  sea  level.  The 
three  reefs  which  form  the  series  are  ap- 
proximately parallel.  In  1909  a  vertical 
shaft  of  the  Crown  mines  passed  through 
the  M;!in  Reef  Leader  103  ft.  below  the 
South  Reef,  and  the  Main  Reef  10  ft.  be- 
low the  Main  Reef  Leader.  Sometimes  the 
main  reef  and  the  leader  merge  into  one 
vein.  The  dip  of  the  reefs  is  flat,  30  deg. 
from  the  horizontal  being  rare  and  the 
average  being  perhaps  15  to  20  deg.  The 
Main  Reef  is  nearly  always  the  largest 
and  the  lowest  in  grade.  The  figures  in 
the  table  make  no  attempt  to  represent 
the  averages  even  for  the  individual  mines, 
but  are  merely  the  results  of  the  w-ork  of 
the  last  year.  However,  on  the  Rand, 
uniformity  is  the  rule  and  these  figures 
may  be  considered  as  fairly  representa- 
tive. 


New  Railway    in  Chihuahua 


Consul  L.  J.  Keena  states  that  the 
Mexico  Northwestern  railroad  will  build 
a  branch  in  the  State  of  Chihuahua,  from 
San  Antonio  to  Cusihuiriachic,  and  gives 
the  following  particulars:  "The  distance 
is  about  15  miles,  and  the  line  will  tap 
the  old  and  rich  mining  country  around 
Cusihuiriachic,  a  district  reputed  to  have 
produced  more  than  S25,000,000  in  silver 
It  is  estimated  that  there  are  over  50,000 
tons  of  ore  on  the  dumps  at  Cusihuiri- 
achic, of  too  low  a  grade  to  be  profitably 
shipped  by  wagon  but  available  for  rail- 
road shipment." 


266 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,  1910. 


Tailing  Dams  and  Conservation  of  Mill  Water 

Two  Settling  Ponds  Necessary.      Dams  May  Be  Built  of  Masonry  or 
Concrete;     Mill    Tailing    Frequently    Used.      Much    Water    Is    Saved 


B    Y 


W. 


H. 


STORMS* 


In  mining  districts  where  water  is 
scarce,  it  is  often  desirable,  if  not  ab- 
solutely necessary  to  impound  the  mill 
tailing  and  to  pump  the  water  back  to  a 
tank  or  reservoir  for  re-use  in  the  mill. 
The  method  adopted  to  accomplish  this 
depends  largely  on  topographic  features. 
In  a  district  cut  by  narrow  gulches,  hav- 
ing heavy  grades,  a  different  course  must 
be  pursued  than   is  possible  in   a  place 


The  dams  should  be  substantially  built 
and  solidly  anchored  to  the  banks,  to  re- 
sist freshets.  They  may  be  of  masonry 
or  concrete,  or  even  of  a  crib  of  timbers 
filled  with  rock  and  sheeted  with  plank 
on  the  upper  face.  In  each  dam,  and 
opposite  the  lowest  part  of  the  gulch, 
must  be  provided  a  shaft  two  or  three 
feet  square.  This  shaft  is  built  in  such 
manner  that  three  sides  are  permanently 


Weter  Level ^'''  ^ 


':-.T-^ 


Fig.  1.    Section  Showing  Arrangement  of  Dams 


-where     there     are     broad,     amphitheater 
shaped  basins  among  the  hills. 

Where  the  former  condition  obtains,  a 
series  of  settling  reservoirs  may  be  built, 
behind  which  the  mill  tailing  may  be  tem- 
porarily impounded,  the  sand  settled  and 
the  water  pumped  back  to  a  reservoir  at 
some  higher  level.  By  this  method  the 
tailing  is  impounded  for  a  short  time 
only,  the  settling  ponds  being  sluiced  out 
at  more  or  less  frequent  intervals,  de- 
pending on  the  capacity  of  the  ponds  and 
the  amount  of  inaterial  daily  flowing  into 
them.  By  the  other  method,  when  a 
larger  area  for  the  pond  is  available,  the 
tailing  may  be  impounded  and  held  on 
the  site  indefinitely. 

Construction    of    Reservoirs 

The  manner  of  constructing  these  two 
types  of  tailing  reservoirs  is  entirely  dif- 
ferent. Where  the  only  available  site  for 
the  pond  is  in  a  narrow  gulch,  the  most 
satisfactory  way  is  to  build  at  least  two 
dams,  thus  forming  an  upper  and  lower 
pond.  The  distance  between  them  need 
not  be  greater  than  the  thickness  of  the 
dam  forming  the  first  one.  There  is  no 
advantage  usually  in  having  them  far 
apart.  The  farther  the  lower  reservoir 
is  from  that  above  the  inill,  to  which  the 
water  must  be  pumped,  the  greater  the 
distance  and  hight  to  which  the  water 
must  be  forced,  which  might  have  been 
avoided  by  a  more  judicious  choice  in  the 
selection  of  the  site  in  the   first  place. 


closed,  but  the  fourth  (up-stream)  side 
is  so  arranged  that  it  may  be  open  from 
top  to  bottom  or  may  be  closed  to  any 
desired  hight  by  placing  pieces  of  2x6- 
in.  planks  against  the  timber  frame,  each 
laid  on  edge  horizontally,  thus  raising  or 
lowering  the  level  of  the  water  in  the 
pond  by  6  in.  whenever  a  plank  is  placed 


described,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  water, 
as  it  comes  from  the  mill  with  its  load 
of  sand  and  silt,  may  be  impounded 
above  the  upper  dam,  or  it  may  be  al- 
lowed, if  desired,  to  pass  through 
the  flume  beneath  that  dam,  and 
through  the  lower  pond  and  dam  to  the 
canon.  Or  the  gate  of  the  flume  at  the 
base  of  the  upper  dam  may  be  closed  and 
the  upper  reservoir  filled  with  water  and 
tailing.  Naturally,  as  soon  as  the  water 
begins  to  accumulate  above  the  upper 
dam,  the  coarse  sediment  carried  by  it 
settles  to  the  bottom. 

When  the  water  in  this  pond  has  risen 
to  the  level  of  the  spillway  weir  at  the 
top  of  the  dam,  it  overflows  into  the 
basin  above  the  lower  dam.  It  may  carry 
into  the  lower  reservoir  an  appreciable 
amount  of  fine  sediment,  but  if  the  res- 
ervoir be  of  good  size,  the  silt  will  mostly 
settle  about  the  upper  end  of  the  pond. 
The  pumping  station  is  near  the  lower 
pond. 

Emptying  the  Reservoirs 

When  the  upper  basin  is  nearly  filled 
with  sand,  it  has,  for  the  time  being, 
practically  outlived  its  usefulness  and 
m.ust  be  emptied.  This  is  accomplished 
by  removing  the  horizontal  planks  that 
close  the  shaft  in  the  upper  dam  on  its 


I 


Fig.  2.  Longitudinal  Section  of  Lower  Dam 


•MliilnK     cn'^'InpiM-, 
Bcikele.v.    Cn\. 


J4:'.7     llIlRiinl     Hvoiiiu'. 


in  position  or  one  is  taken  out.  as  the 
case  may  be. 

The  bottom  of  the  shaft  in  the  upper 
dam  should  connect  with  a  covered  flume 
which  extends  underneath  the  upper  dam 
and  downward  along  the  bedrock, 
through  the  lower  pond,  to  and  beneath 
the  lower  dam,  where  it  connects  with 
the  shaft  in  that  dam,  which  like  that  in 
the  first,  extends  from  bedrock  to  the 
top  of  the  dam.  This  flume  should  be 
weighted  with  rocks  to  keep  it  in  position 
when  the  water  covers  it. 

By    studying    the    arrangement    above 


up-stream  side,  one  or  two  being  taken 
out  at  a  time.  The  tailing  stream  from 
the  mill  will  then  flow  through  this  lower 
outlet  and  into  the  shaft,  passing  out 
through  the  flume  beneath  the  lower 
pond.  This  stream  will  quickly  cut  out  a 
large  amount  of  the  sand  accumulated  in 
the  pond,  though  the  operation  may  be 
greatly  facilitated  by  employing  some  of 
the  clear  water  from  the  mill  reservoir 
under  pressure,  or  by  a  stream  from  the 
pump.  By  either  means  the  sand  may  be 
removed  rapidly  at  small  cost  for  labor 
and  water.    As  fast  as  the  sand  is  washed 


I 


Aug'..: 


i910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


2S7 


•ut,  additional  planks  are  removed  from 
the  shaft  until  the  bottom  is  reached, 
when  they  should  be  replaced  and  the 
dam  refilled. 

The  lower  reseiroir  will  accumulate  a 
large  amount  of  fine  sediment,  and  it 
may  be  cleared  in  the  same  way  as  the 
upper  pond.  The  accompanying  sketches. 
Figs.  1  and  2,  illustrate  the  manner  of 
building  the  dams  of  the  type  here  de- 
scribed. 

Tailing  Ponds  In   Broad  Basins 

The  construction  of  tailing  ponds  in 
broad  basins  may  be  accomplished   in  a 


struction  of  boxes  or  launders  from  vari- 
ous points  on  the  hillside  above  the 
reservoir.  It  is  best  to  divide  the  tailmg 
into  two  parts,  c  \e  flume  taking  half  of 
the  stream  from  the  tailing  ditch  and 
carrying  it  out  above  the  reservoir,  12 
or  15  ft.  back  of  the  dam.  and,  say  eight 
to  10  ft.  above  the  ground  at  the  highest 
place;  the  other  being  taken  by  ditch 
and  flume  around  to  the  opposite  side  of 
the  reservoir,  where  it  is  similarly  car- 
ried out  by  flume  back  of  the  dam  and 
above  it. 

The  floor  of  the  reservoir  at  the  deep- 
est place  should  be,  if  possible,  50  or  60 


Fic.  3.    Sectiu.\   Throl'CH   T.\il:m,   U.\.m,   m:.. 


different  manner  from  that  tbov:  de- 
scribed. Under  this  latter  condition  it 
is  essential  that  the  pond  be  placed  at 
some  point  below  the  millsite,  and  that 
there  be  a  suitable  site  for  a  clear-water 
reservoir  (Figs.  3  and  4).  The  first  thing 
to  provide  is  a  covered  flume,  constructed 
of  2xl2-in.  pine  lumber.  This  may  be 
laid  either  on  the  surface  of  the  ground 
or  in  a  shallow  trench  and  anchored  down 
with  rocks  to  keep  it  from  floating  when 
submerged.  This  flume  commences  at  a 
point  below  the  site  of  the  proposed  dam 
and  extends  up  into  the  pond,  as  far  as 
what  will  be  the  level  of  first  discharge 
of  clear  water.  The  flume  may  discharge 
into  a  pipe  line  or  into  an  open  box 
through  which  it  may  run  to  the  clear- 
water  reservoir  below.  When  the  cov- 
ered flume  has  been  laid  and  connected 
with  the  clear-water  reservoir  at  the 
pumping  station,  the  construction  of  the 
dam  may  be  commenced  by  throwing  up 
a  dike  of  earth  and  rock.  If  the  ground 
be  suitable,  a  team  and  scraper  may  be 
employed.  If  the  earth  at  the  dam  site  be 
rocky,  all  of  the  work  must  be  done 
by  hand  with  pick  and  shovel.  The  dam 
may  be  built  in  crescent  form,  the  convex 
side  being  down  stream  if  desired.  There 
is  no  particular  advantage  in  this  other 
than  it  affords  additional  room  for  tailing. 
It  will  not  be  necessary  to  build  this 
earth  dam  to  a  hight  greater  than  8  or 
10  ft.  It  should  be  well  built,  the  top 
being  at  least  three  feet  wide.  The  ma- 
terial of  the  dike  will  assume  a  natural 
slope  angle  of  about  35  degrees. 

Dklivery  of  Tailing  to  Pond 

When  the  preliminary  dam  has  been 
completed,  provision  must  be  made  to 
deliver  the  stream  of  tailing  from  the 
mill  to  the  impoimding  basin  by  the  con- 


ft.  lower  t':an  the  lowest  point  of  dis- 
charge on  the  main  tailing  ditch  from  the 
mill.  FroTi  a  point  on  this  ditch,  about 
100  ft.  from  the  dam,  one-half  of  the 
tailing  stream  is  taken  out  and  conducted 
by  a  trench  to  a  box  from  which  it  flows 
into  its  launder  about  5  ft.  higher  than 
the  top  of  the  dam.  The  flume  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  reservoir  site  should 
be  similarly  arranged.  It  will  be  ob- 
served that  the  main  tailing  ditch,  to- 
gether with  the  auxiliary  distributing 
flumes,  practically  encircle  the  site  of 
the  reservoir. 


/^■lalu  Tailing 
Ditch 


pulp  stream  will  freeze  and  the  entire 
flume  will  become  a  mass  of  ice,  the 
weight  of  which  is  likely  to  break  the 
boxes  and  trestle.  Sharp  bends  in  the 
launders  should  be  avoided. 

Launder  Gates 

The  two  distributing  flumes,  each  built 
on  a  curve,  following  approximately  the 
form  of  the  dam,  should  be  provided  with 
side  outlets  at  several  places,  to  facili- 
tate the  discharge  of  the  tailing  at,  or 
near,  any  desired  point  along  the  inner 
face  of  the  dam.  A  fairly  uniform  dis- 
Iribution  of  the  material  is  essential  to 
the  most  satisfactory  operation  of  the 
scheme.  To  control  the  pulp  streams, 
gates  sliding  vertically  in  slots,  or  a  sack 
of  sand  may  be  placed  in  the  box  just 
beyond  the  side  opening.  When  it  be- 
comes necessary  to  discharge  the  stream 
at  some  other  point  along  the  line,  the 
gate  is  raised  (or  the  sack  removed) 
and  the  side  gate  closed  when  the  stream 
flows  to  the  next  gate.  Care  must  be 
taken  not  to  fit  the  gates  too  tightly  or 
they  cannot  be  moved  when  desired.  It 
is  better  to  have  the  gates  leak  than  to 
have  them.  bind.  The  gates  must  be 
readily  accessible  to  the  workmen.  This 
can  be  accomplished  by  nailing  cleats  to 
the  legs  of  the  trestles,  thus  fomiing  rude 
ladders    wherever    necessary. 

Accumulation  of  Tailing  on  Dam 

.\s  the  sand  accumulates  along  the  two 
lines  of  distributing  flume,  which  extend 
out  over  the  pond,  it  gradually  rises  to 
the  level  of  the  top  of  the  dam  of  earth, 
when  the  upbuilding  of  the  tailing  pile 
commences.  By  the  employment  of  the 
several   outlets  in   the   distributing  laun- 


Fig.  4.   Longitudinal  Section  of  Tailing  Dam 


Distributing  Launders 

The  distributing  launders  may  be  built 
of  1-in.  lumber,  and  must  be  supported 
as  they  rise  above  the  ground  by  a  light 
but  well  built  trestle.  It  must  be  strong 
enough  to  carry  the  stream  of  pulp,  and 
so  constructed,  by  bracing,  as  to  resist 
wind.  The  size  of  these  launders  must 
be  determined  by  the  volume  of  material 
to  be  carried  by  them.  As  they  are  built 
on  a  heavy  grade,  '/j  in.  or  more  to  the 
foot,  a  box  10  in.  wide  and  8  in.  deep 
will  carry  all  the  pulp  from  a  60-stamp 
mill.  In  a  country  where  the  winters  are 
severe,  the  ditches  and  flumes  inust  be 
built  on  heavier  grades  than  are  permis- 
sible in  a  rr  r  :  temperate  region,  or  the 


dcrs  It  is  presumed  that  a  fairly  even 
distribution  of  the  sand  has  been  made 
across  the  basin  and  adjacent  to  (he  dam. 
The  workmen  must  now  watch  the  ac- 
cumulation of  the  sand  9onstantly,  and 
by  means  of  shovels  build  up  the  sand 
pile  on  the  outer  edge,  thus  continually 
raising  the  front  of  the  dam.  This  work 
is  facilitated  by  driving  stakes  into  the 
sand  and  setting  1-in.  boards  on  edge 
against  them  to  confine  the  sand  and  keep 
it  from  running  over  the  outer  face  of  the 
dam. 

Every  endeavor  must  be  made  to  pre- 
vent a  breach  being  cut  in  the  dam,  and 
an  even  distribution  of  the  sand  around 
the  rim  of  the  dam  is  a  great  aid  in  pre- 
venting a  breach.     High  winds  sometimes 


268 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,  1910. 


are  the  cause  of  much  trouble,  blowing 
the  stream  from  the  launders  over  the 
outer  face  of  the  dam  and  causing 
breaches  to  form.  At  such  times  con- 
stant vigilance  is  necessary,  and  occa- 
sionally it  will  be  found  advantageous  to 
set  up  a  screen  of  boards  near  the  out- 
let of  the  launders,  to  break  the  force 
of   the    wind. 

In  building  the  dam  in  the  manner  de- 
scribed, its  outer  face  will  present  a 
series  of  steep  terraces,  as  in  Fig.  3. 
As  the  dam  is  built  higher  and  higher  by 
the  accumulation  of  sand,  the  surface  of' 
water  in  the  pond  keeps  pace  with  it, 
though  always  two  or  three  feet  lower 
than  the  crest  of  the  dam.  The  level  of 
the  water  in  the  pond  is  always  deter- 
mined by  the  hight  of  the  intake  of  the 
drainage  flume.  Sooner  or  later  the  sand 
and  slime  will  encroach  upon  the  intake, 
when  a  new  section  of  box  must  be  added 
at  its  upper  end  or  it  will  become  cov- 
ered with  sand  and  only  muddy  water 
will  flow  into  the  reservoir  at  the  pump- 
ing station.  The  length  of  the  section  of 
box  that  can  conveniently  be  added  to 
the  outflow  flume  will  depend  upon  the 
slope   angle   of  the    hill. 

It  is  a  good  idea  to  keep  a  floating 
crib,  or  box,  4  ft.  square  and  12  in. 
deep,  about  the  intake  of  the  outflow 
flume.  This  will  prevent  from  passing 
down  through  the  flume  to  the  clear  water 
reservoir  any  grease  that  may  be  floating 
on  the  surface  of  the  water,  as  well  as 
other  floating  objects  on  the  surface  of 
the    pond. 

Lengthening  of  Flume 
In  constructing  the  section  of  the  out- 
flow flume,  the  joints  should  be  provided 
with  cleats  on  bottom  and  sides  which 
project  beyond  the  upper  end  of  the  box 
so  that  the  new  length  to  be  added  may 
be  slipped  in,  butting  squarely  up  to 
the  upper  end  of  the  last  section  of  box. 
A  fourth  cleat  should  then  be  nailed 
across  the  top,  and  the  side  cleats  also 
nailed  to  the  new  section  of  box.  These 
cleats  should  be  of  lx6-in.  lumber  and 
firmly  nailed. 

As  the  sand  accumulates  in  the  reser- 
voir, the  distributing  launders  must  be 
raised  on  new  and  higher  trestles.  The 
intake  points  of  these  launders  and  the 
outflow  point  of  clear  water  must  be 
raised  from  time  to  time  to  keep  pace 
with  the  daily  upbuilding  of  the  dam. 

By  the  employment  of  the  scheme  here 
described  a  great  deal  of  the  water  can 
be  returned  to  the  mill  and  the  tailing 
may  be  impounded  for  future  treatment, 
if  desired.  Two  men  on  two  shifts  can 
look  after  a  large  reservoir,  and  when 
the  trestles  have  been  rebuilt  and  every- 
thing is  in  good  condition,  one  man  per 
shift  can  usually  manage  things  with 
little  trouble.  The  lumber  employed  in 
the  construction  of  trestles,  and  the  most 
of  that  used  in  building  up  the  front  of 
the  dam,  is  buried  in  the  sand  and  con- 
sequently lost,  but  the  amount  is  small. 


Would  Zinc  Smelteries  Pay  in 
Mexico 

By  Thorington  Chase* 


It  seems  unaccountable  that  in  a  coun-- 
try  like  Mexico  producing  so  much  zinc 
and  having  such  large  undeveloped  re- 
sources of  zinc  ore,  no  real  effort  to 
erect  a  zinc  smeltery  has  ever  been 
made.  British  capital  was  at  one  time  or- 
ganized for  this  purpose,  but  influence 
from  unexpected  quarters,  it  is  said,  w?s 
brought  to  bear,  with  the  result  that, 
though  flattering  concessions  had  been  al- 
ready granted  by  the  Mexican  Govern- 
ment, the  enterprise  was  abandoned. 
Mexican  zinc  producers  have  ever  since 
felt  an  undefinable  bitterness  against  the 
concatenation  of  causes,  which  as  they 
think,  deprived  them  of  a  home  market 
for  their  zinc  ore.  Be  that  as  it  may,  it 
seems  to  me  that  such  an  undertaking  in 
the  Republic  would  be  feasible. 

Abundant  Supply  of  Zinc  Ore 

Since  a  smeltery  should  own  enough 
mines  to  guarantee  it  a  supply  of  ore  at 
all  times,  the  first  step  would  be  to  se- 
cure properties  upon  reasonable  terms. 
Such  zinc  properties  are  abundant;  and 
as  the  presence  of  a  zinc  smeltery  in 
Mexico  would  practically  open  a  market 
to  deposits  of  zinc  yielding  from  30  to 
35  per  cent.,  a  large  number  of  low- 
grade  properties,  many  of  which  have  not 
been  denounced,  would,  for  the  first  time, 
be  seeking  capital  for  development.  Even 
though  should  none  of  the  numerous 
calamine  mines  be  obtainable,  sufficient 
zinc  ore  could  be  secured  from  these  low- 
grade  properties  alone  and  for  a  very 
moderate  outlay,  to  assure  the  smeltery 
an  indefinite  supply.  It  would  require 
only  a  few  weeks  trip  among  the  princi- 
pal zinc  camps  to  convince  the  most  pes- 
simistic investor  of  this  fact. 

The  cost  of  fuel  would  be  the  chief 
consideration,  and  while  Monterrey  and 
Saltillo,  as  sites,  have  the  advantage  of 
central  location  with  reference  to  the  ore 
supply,  local  zinc  smelting  must  have  its 
inception  in  the  neighborhood  of  one  of 
the  great  coal-producing  areas  of  Mexico. 
The  expensive  process  of  zinc  smelting 
which  now  obtains,  makes  fuel  at  above 
$2. .SO  gold  per  ton,  almost  prohibitive, 
and  coal  concessions,  procured  from  the 
Mexican  Government,  would  greatly  fa- 
cilitate matters  in  this  connection.  I  might 
mention  here  that  ^X'm.  H.  Kinnon  (now 
in  charge  of  the  Mazapil  Copper  Com- 
pany's copper  smeltery  at  Concepcion 
del  Oro,  Mexico.)  has  devised  a  remark- 
ably cheap  and  efficient  method  of  firinf; 
in  zinc  smelting,  and  with  its  introduction 
upon  a  generous  scale,  the  fuel  problem 
will  become  one  of  minor  significance. 


Construction  and  Operating  Costs 

Would  Be  Low 
Since  Mexican  capital  awaits  invest- 
ment in  this  line  of  enterprise,  the  build- 
ing of  a  small  smeltery  at  the  outset 
would  furnish  a  nucleus,  about  which 
large  extensions  of  this  profitable  in- 
dustry could  take  place.  The  cost  of  a 
zinc  smelting  plant  in  the  United  States, 
is  about  S8  per  ton  of  annual  capacity. 
A  plant,  smelting  carbonate  and  silicate 
ores  which  required  no  calcining,  could 
be  erected  at  less  cost. 

With  the  cheap  labor  available  i-n  Mex- 
ico ores  running  as  low  as  30  per  cent, 
zinc,  provided  they  do  not  contain  over  8 
per  cent.  CaO,  8  per  cent  Fe,  not  much 
Pb  and  not  over  15  per  cent.  SiO-,  could 
be  smelted  at  a  profit,  when  properly 
mixed  with  richer  mineral.  Zinc  ore  as- 
saying 35  per  cent,  could  be  smelted  to 
especial  advantage  since  the  copper,  lead, 
silver  and  gold  contents  of  the  ore  ai- 
recovered  as  by-products. 

Deposits  of  clay  suitable  for  construc- 
tion purposes  exist  in  the  state  of  Chi- 
huahua and  elsewhere  in  the  Republic. 

The  presence  of  zinc  smelteries  in  the 
Republic  would  lead  to  the  economic 
treatment  of  low-grade  ores  by  the  Sut- 
ton, Steele  &  Sutton  Concentrator  (man- 
ufactured in  Dallas  )  which  a  careful 
study  of  the  problem  convinces  me  to  be 
the  most  applicable  to  Mexican  ores,  no 
calcination  or  water  being  required.  The 
thousands  of  tons  of  15  and  20  per  cent, 
zinc  that  now  are  thrown  into  the  canons 
to  be  carried  away  by  the  rains,  would 
then  be  saved  and  treated  at  a  profit. 

The  protective  tariff  now  in  force 
against  Mexican  zinc  ores  offers  a  final 
and  convincing  argument  for  the  estab- 
lishment in  Mexico  of  zinc  smelteries. 
Twenty  dollars  gold  for  40  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  at  S(5  per  ton  is  the  best  figure  the 
Mexican  producer  can  hope  for  at  pres- 
ent. Duties  on  the  lead  contents  nre 
for  the  shipper's  account,  and  pen- 
alties are  exacted  for  iron,  lime,  man- 
ganese and  cadmium  by  most  buyers,  with 
more  or  less  stringent  restrictions  placed 
upon  the  other  constituents  of  the  ore. 
The  producer  feels  that  with  zinc  smel- 
teries in  Mexico,  the  industry  would 
bring  better  returns:  and  there  is  scarce- 
ly a  shipper  who  would  not  be  willing  to 
subscribe  to  the  project  in  question. 


•Chief    c'lioinist.    Concppcimi    smdlpr.v.    rnn- 
ccpclon    <lel    Oro,    Mex. 


New  Chimney  for  Orford  Copper 
Company 

Work  has  been  started  on  the  construc- 
tion at  the  plant  of  the  Orford  Copper 
Company,  Constable  Hook,  Bayonne,  N. 
J.,  of  a  brick  chimney  that  will  stand 
365  ft.  high.  It  will  be  close  to  a  similar 
stack,  and  with  the  completion  of  the 
second  stack  it  is  expected  that  residents 
of  Staten  island,  across  the  Kill  von  Kull, 
will  have  less  reason  to  complain  of  un- 
pleasant odors  from  the  works- 


August  6,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


269 


Electric  Smelting  of  Iron  Ore  at  Heroult,   Cal. 

Graphite  Electrodes  Adopted;  Handling  of  Furnace  Gases  Modified;  1 500- 
kw.  Furnace  Used;  Cheap  Electricity  Necessary  for  Commercial  Success 

B~Y        JOHN         TYSSOWSKI 


The  electric  iron-reduction  plant  at 
Heroult,  Shasta  county,  Cal.,  should  be 
of  profound  interest  to  the  industrial 
manufacturers  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  The 
founding  of  an  iron  industry  on  the  Coast 
would  unquestionably  be  of  the  great- 
est benefit  to  all  ol  the  building  and 
structural  industries  in  the  region,  and 
under  the  existing  conditions  it  seems  as 
if  this  can  only  be  looked  for  with  the 
success  of  the  electric-shaft  furnace. 

Work  in  Foreign  Countries 
That  the  successful  smelting  of  iron 
ore  in  an  electric-shaft  furnace  is  pos- 
sible, has  been  demonstrated  on  an  ex- 
perimental scale  in  Canada  and  in 
Sweden.  The  experiments'  performed  at 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  in  1905-6,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Canadian  government, 
proved  entirely  successful  it  is  claimed. 
The  electric  iron-smelting  industry  has, 
however,  passed  the  experimental  stage 
and  Eugene  Haanel,  director  of  the  Ca- 
nadian Department  of  Mines,  has  the  fol- 
lowing to  say  in  reference  to  electric 
smelting: 

"It  may  be  of  interest  to  know  that  at 
Trollhatten,  Sweden,  12,500  h.p.  are  to 
be  employed  on  the  production  of  pig 
iron  by  the  electric  process.  The  fur- 
naces will  be  of  the  Domnarfvet  type  of 
2500  h.p.  capacity  each.  At  Tysse,  Nor- 
way, two  furnaces  for  the  smelting  of 
iron  ore  in  the  production  of  pig  iron  are 
being  erected,  each  2500  h.p.  capacity, 
Domnarfvet  type.  Two  steel  furnaces  of 
600  h.p.  capacity  each  are  also  being  put 
in  place   at   the   same   plant." 

This  shows  that  the  smelting  of  iron 
ores  in  the  electric-shaft  furnace  is  pos- 
sible and  on  -i  commercial  basis.  On 
the  Pacific  Coast,  hydroelectric  power  is 
available  at  low  cost  and  in  great  quan- 
tities, and  since,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of 
Rood  coking  coal,  we  cannot  look  for  the 
building  up  of  an  iron-smelting  industry 
using  coke-blast  furnaces,  there  seems 
to  be  no  reason  why  the  electric  furnace 
should  not  solve  the  problem. 

Electric  Iron  Reouction  in  California 
At  Heroult,  Shasta  county,  Cal.,  Dorsey 
A.  Lyon,  formerly  professor  of  metallurgy 
at  Stanford  University,  is  in  charge  of 
an  electric,  iron-smelting  plant  and  has 
already  been  able  to  demonstrate  the  pos- 
sibility of  making  pig  iron  with  the  elec- 
tric-shaft furnace.  The  ore  available  at 
Heroult    is   a   magnetite    occurring   as   a 

'Report  on  "lOlectrIc  Smcltinc  ICxpprlinents 
at  Sault  Stp.  Marie.  Ont.,'"  Canaillnn  Depart- 
iiiint    or   Mines,    lild".    |ihw   (li;. 


magmatic  segregation  on  the  contact  of 
limestone  and  dioriie.  This  contact  shows 
plainly  in  the  accompanying  photograph 
of  the  Heroult  limestone  and  ore  quarries 
worked  within  a  stone's  throw  of  each 
other. 

Character  of   Ore   and   Fluxes 

The  orebody  is  claimed  to  be  quite 
uniform  for  a  considerable  width,  but.  of 
course,  fades  off  into  the  diorite.    Typical 


The  Engineering  i Mining  Jmjrnat' 

Idealized  Section  of  Furnace  and 
Accessories 

analyses  of  the  magnetite  are:  Fe,  69.90- 
70.39  (Fe.O.  89.4.  Fe.  O;  7.3)  per  cent.; 
MgO,  O.lO-trace;  MnO.  9.18-0.07;  SiO., 
2.40-1.65;  P,  0.011-0.011-0.0107;  S, 
0.009-0.02.  The  face  of  ore  exposed  in  the 
cut  is  about  50- ft.  square,  and  shows  ac- 
cording to  Air.  L\on  a  mean  content  of 
69.7  per  cent.  iron.  The  average  analysis 
of  the  limestone  is:  SiO,  1.20  per  cent.; 
Al.O:.  0.50;  MgO,  1.10;  CaO,  53.80; 
FeO.  0.20,  or  equivalent  to  98  per  cent, 
calcium  carbonate.  For  silica,  andesite  of 
the  following  analyses  is  available;  SiO., 
55.12  per  cent.;  ALO-,  21.45;  FeO,  8.77; 
CaO,  5.14;  MgO,  3.75;  H^O,  4.70. 


History  and  Ownership  of  the  Mag- 
netite Deposit 

The  magnetite  deposit  was  held  by  the 
Shasta  Iron  Company  for  about  25  years 
but  nothing  was  done  until  the  summer 
of  1906,  when  the  matter  of  the  pos- 
sibility of  smelting  the  ore  by  electricity 
was  brought  to  the  attention  of  H.  H. 
Noble,  president  of  the  Northern  Cali- 
fornia Power  Company.  This  company 
supplies  practically  all  the  power  used 
by  the  various  industrial  works  and 
smelteries  in  Shasta  county,  and  at  that 
time  had  something  like  2000  h.p.  avail- 
able for  which  there  was  no  use.  An 
outlet  for  this  power  was  hence  desirable. 
As  a  result  of  correspondence  with 
Doctor  Heroult  plans  were  laid  for  the 
erection  of  an  electric  furnace  on  the 
Pitt  river  at  a  point  convenient  to  the 
quarries. 

Situation   of  the   Quarries 

The  quarries  are  situated  on  a  high 
ridge  between  the  McCloud  and  Pitt 
rivers,  close  to  their  junction.  A  tram 
line,  6300  ft.  in  length,  connects  the  quar- 
ries and  the  head  house  of  a  gravity  in- 
cline where  the  ore  is  crushed.  The 
gravity  incline  is  1800  ft.  long,  varying 
in  grade  from  15  to  32  deg.  A  loaded 
car  pulls  up  the  empty  one.  It  is  about 
600  ft.  from  the  base  of  the  incline  to  the 
bin  for  ore  and  flux.  Ore  is  drawn  from 
the  bins  into  a  charging  car  which  is 
trammed  directly  to  the  furnace. 

E.\perimental  Furnaces 

The  first  electric-smelting  furnace  bull; 
at  Heroult  was  a  1500-k.w.,  three-phase' 
one  of  the  resistance  type.  Experiments 
were  started  with  this  furnace  in  July, 
1907,  but  it  was  soon  found  that  a  fur- 
nace of  this  type  embodied  many  diffi- 
culties which  precluded  its  commercial 
success.  As  a  result,  it  was  abandoned, 
and  experiments  continued  in  a  160-k.w. 
single-phase  furnace  which  was  run  from 
January  to  October,  1908;  in  all  there 
were  seven  runs,  the  last  of  which  was 
continued  for  about  42  days,  a  produc- 
tion of  approximately  one  ton  of  pig 
iron  per  day  being  made. 

Drawing  on  the  experience  gained  with 
these  furnaces  a  second  I500-k.w.  fur- 
nace was  built  and  started  up  about  May, 
1909,  since  which  time  it  has  been  in 
more  or  less  continual  operation.  It  has 
been  during  this  last  period  that  a  prac- 
tical commercial  furnace  has  beet» 
evolved. 


270 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


Electrical  Equipment  of  Furnace 
The  electrical  equipment  of  this  last 
furnace  is  such  that  the  generation  of 
energy  in  the  furnace  is  controlled  exter- 
nally so  that  the  electrodes  need  only  be 
moved  to  accommodate  their  wear  in  the 
crucible  of  the  furnace.  There  are  three 
General  Electric,  oil-insulated,  water- 
cooled  transformers  rated  at  750  kw. 
capacity  each.  They  are  for  a  60-cycle, 
2200-voIt  primary  current  and  a  second- 
ary range  of  from  35  to  75  volts  constant 
output.  The  secondary  current  varies 
from  10,000  to  21,400  amp.  On  the 
primary  circuit  there  is  a  dial  switch  con- 
troller giving  three-volt  steps  in  the  sec- 
ondary. The  efficiency  of  this  apparatus 
is  98.6  per  cent,  at  75  volts  on  the  sec- 
ondary and  it  is  guaranteed  for  two 
hours  overload  up  to  25  per  cent.  Test 
shows  the  rise  in  temperature  under  full 
load  to  be  35  deg.  C.  Recording  volt- 
and  ammeters  are  included  in  the  in- 
stallation. 

Present  Furnace 

The  photograph  showing  the  present 
electric  furnace  was  taken  at  the  time 
of  my  visit  to  Heroult,  in  March  last. 
Owing  to  the  poor  light  it  was  impos- 
sible to  get  a  clear  view  of  this  new 
furnace.  The  accompanying  drawing 
shows  the  arrangement  of  the  furnace 
before  the  recent  alterations  were  made. 
The  new  furnace  is  of  the  three-phase 
type,  with  six  electrodes.  Referring  to 
the  drawing,  the  parts  of  the  furnace 
are:  a,  supply  car;  b.  ore  preheater;  c, 
charcoal  bin;  d,  by-pass  damper;  e,  gas 
flue;  /,  gas  stack;  g,  charging  car;  h, 
upper  hopper;  /,  annular  space;  ;,  lower 
hopper;  k,  combustion  chamber;  /,  air  in- 
lets; m,  bosh  and  reducing  stack;  n,  con- 
tracted throat;  o,  melting  crucible;  p, 
electrode;  q,  electrode  gearing.  The  six 
electrodes  are  so  arranged  around  the 
furnace  that  the  electric  current  passing 
between  electrodes  produces  the  neces- 
sary heat  to  smelt  the  charge.  The  molten 
iron  and  slag  are  collected  in  the  cru- 
cible and  discharged  through  the  tap 
holes  and  spouts  shown,  as  in  the  ordin- 
ar>'  iron  blast  furnace. 

Charcoal  By-product  Plant 

The  plant  at  Heroult  also  includes  re- 
torts for  making  charcoal  and  a  com- 
plete by-product  recovery  plant.  The  re- 
torts are  shown  in  an  accompanying  illus- 
tration. The  charcoal  retorts  are  of  the 
standard  vertical  design  remodeled  to  fit 
local  conditions.  The  equipment  of  the 
charcoal  plant  consists  of  eight  vertical 
retorts  mounted  in  batteries  of  four  each 
and  four  preheaters,  (the  retorts  are 
set  in  a  concrete  furnace  lined  with 
firebrick) ;  17  cages  to  fit  the  retort,  each 
of  two-cord  capacity;  eight  tubular  con- 
densers, each  connected  to  a  retort  by  a 
copper  vapor  pipe;  seven  tanks  for  col- 
lecting condensed  vapors  and  the  neces- 
sary   stMIs,    etc.,    for    refining    the    crude 


distillation  products  from  the  wood. 
Wood  alcohol,  tar,  acetic  acid,  etc.  (and 
later  lead  acetate  by  the  electrolytic 
method),  will  be  made  at  this  plant.  The 
plant  is  equipped  with  the  necessary  con- 
veyers, pumps,  etc.,  housed  in  wood- 
frame,  galvanized-roof  building,  and 
was  constructed  under  the  direction'  of 
W.  B.  Harper. 

Electrode  Troubles 

Even  though  the  new  furnace  at  Her- 
oult was  designed  along  lines  suggested 


Heroult  Electric,  Iron-smelting 
Shaft  Furnace 

by  the  data  gathered  in  the  operation  of 
the  experimental  furnace,  nevertheless, 
when  the  new  furnace  was  put  into  op- 
eration, a  great  many  difficulties  arose 
which  had  not  been  encountered  in  the 
operation  of  the  previous  furnace.  From 
the  start,  the  chief  difficulty  has  been  the 
maintenance  of  the  roof  of  the  crucible. 
This  difficulty  has  been  directly  traceable 
to  electrode  troubles.  When  the  furnace 
was  started,  carbon  electrodes  20  in.  in 
cross-section  were  used.  These  were 
known  as  the  "built-up"  electrodes.  They 


soon  began  to  break  off  and  so  caused  an 
arcing  between  the  broken  pieces  of 
electrode  near  the  roof  of  the  crucible 
the  intense  heat  thus  generated  quickly 
melting  out  the  roof  of  the  crucible. 
For  this  reason  the  conclusion  was 
reached  that  some  electrode  other  than 
the  carbon  one  would  have  to  be  adopted. 

Graphite   Electrodes  Tried 

In  July,  1909,  an  order  was  placed  for 
9-in.,  round,  graphite  electrodes,  the  lat- 
ter being  the  largest  that  the  manufac- 
turers would  guarantee  as  giving  satis- 
faction. They  were  not  received  until 
December.  A  trial  run  was  then  made 
with  them  and,  having  proved  more  satis- 
factory than  the  carbon  electrodes,  an  or- 
der was  at  once  placed  with  the  manu- 
facturers for  a  carload.  The  graphite 
electrodes  were  not  received  until  April, 
which  was  after  the  time  of  my  visit, 
but  I  am  informed  by  Mr.  Lyon,  to  whom 
I  am  indebted  for  the  data  on  the  Heroult 
operations,  that  they  are  giving  fairly 
good  satisfaction.  However,  it  would 
seem  that  the  electrode  problem  is  still 
far  from  being  solved,  and  that  there  will 
yet  have  to  be  a  great  deal  of  work  done 
upon  this  subject  before  an  electrode 
can  be  put  upon  the  market  which  will 
be  satisfactory  for  such  work  as  is  now 
being    carried    on    at    Heroult. 

Many   Different   Kinds  of  Electrodes 
on  Market 

At  the  Halcomb  Steel  Works,  at  Syra- 
cuse, 17-inch,  round  electrodes  are  now 
being  used,  it  is  stated,  with  great  suc- 
cess. These  are  manufactured  by  the 
Electro  Metals  Company,  of  Welland, 
Ont.  The  National  Carbon  Company  has 
been  working  hard  on  the  electrode  prob- 
lem and  it  is  stated  that  their  electrodes 
will  carry  an  extremely  heavy  current. 
An  electrode  made  of  anthracite  coal  and_ 
imported  from  France,  is  being  used 
at  several  places,  and  these  are  also  said 
to  be  giving  satisfaction.  The  latter  are 
16  in.  square  and  about  6  ft.  long.  How- 
ever, none  of  the  above  are  being  used 
in  furnaces  where  the  direct  smelting  of 
ores  is  being  practised.  The  only  other 
place  where  this  is  being  carried  on  is 
in  Sweden.  The  electrodes  used  in  the 
Swedish  furnaces  are  said  to  be  made 
in  Sweden  by  Dr.  Forssell. 

Furnace  Charged  from  Side 

According  to  the  last  changes,  the  ore, 
instead  of  being  charged  into  the  top  of 
the  furnace  through  a  charging  bell,  as 
shown  in  the  drawing,  and  as  is  custo- 
mary in  the  Swedish  practice,  is  dumped 
into  the  furnace  from  the  side  at  a  point 
indicated  by  the  dotted  lines  in  the  draw- 
ing. A  portion  of  the  furnace  gas  is 
taken  out  from  the  top  of  the  dome 
cap  to  the  stack  and  passed  through  an 
inclined  brick-lined  preheater  (practi- 
cally a  small  reverberatory  furnace)  from 
which   the   ore    is   drawn   into   steel   cars 


August  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


271 


runninfi  on  a  circular  track  about  the 
furnace,  at  the  charging  elevation.  Later 
furnaces  will  probably  have  charginj; 
bells,  depending,  however,  upon  the  suc- 
cess of  this  design. 

To  enable  the  new  charging  arrange- 
ment to  be  instituted  and  to  elevate  and 
increase  the  reducing  zone  of  the  fur- 
nace, 4  ft.  extra  hight  was  added  to  the 
furnace  stack.  It  is  Mr.  Lyon's  idea 
that  the  trouble  from  boiling  in  the  cruci- 
ble was  partially  caused  by  unreduced 
material  coming  into  the  crucible  of  the 
furnace. 

Gases  Taken  Off  Midway  of  Shaft 

The  handling  of  the  furnace  gases  is 
possibly  the  most  vita!  feature  in  the 
working  of  the  electric-shaft  furnace. 
Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  this  at 
Heroult,  and  the  practice  worked  out 
there  is  different  from  that  of  the  Swed- 
ish experimenters.  In  the  Swedish  prac- 
tice, gases  are  taken  off  through  the  top 


Production  of  Pig  Iron  an  Economic 

Possibility 
At  the  present  time  it  is  impossible  to 
give  data  as  to  the  power  consumption  of 
this  furnace.  However,  since  the  plant 
is  operated  on  the  excess  output  of  the 
Northern  California  Power  Company  it 
is  probable  that  the  power  is  supplied  to 
the  Noble  plant  at  a  cost  as  low  as  $12 
per  horsepower-year.  It  is  claimed  that 
the  power  consumption  per  ton  of  pig 
iron  Droduced  at  Heroult  will  amount  to 
only  0.2  kw.  per  year.  This  figure 
is  probably  low.  Charcoal  consump- 
tion is  close  to  the  theoretical  amount, 
and,  as  indicated,  this  charcoal  can 
be  produced  at  a  minimum  cost  on 
account  of  the  utilization  of  the  by-pro- 
ducts. If  the  figures  given  for  power  cost 
and  consumption  per  ton  of  pig  produced, 
are  correct,  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt 
but  that  "he  production  of  pig  iron  in  the 
electric-shaft  furnace  at  Heroult  is  an 
economic     possibility.       What     practical 


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Charcoal  Retorts,  Heroult  Plant 


of  the  furnace,  but  at  Heroult  the  greater 
portion  of  the  gases  is  taken  out  at  a 
point  midway  of  the  charge  in  the  stack. 
Ip  this  manner,  a  gas  richer  in  CO  is  ob- 
tained. This  gas  is  cooled  so  as  to  be 
handled  by  a  positive  blower  and  then 
forced  through  tuyeres  into  the  furnace. 
Thus  the  circulation  of  heat  in  the  high 
shaft  is  stimulated  and  a  reducing  at- 
mosphere is  maintained  further  up  the 
shaft.  A  temperature  of  400  deg.  C.  is 
deemed  necessary  to  start  reduction  and 
800  deg.  C.  to  complete  the  reaction. 

Tuyeres  are  introduced  at  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft  above  the  electrodes.  A  by-pass 
is  provided  to  these  tuyeres  so  that  either 
air  or  CO  may  be  forced  through  them. 
It  is  figured  by  possibly  adding  an  excess 
of  charcoal  and  closely  regulating  the 
draft  (as  to  air  and  CO)  a  nice  control 
of  the  operation  of  the  furnace  will  be 
made  possible.  This  is  the  particular 
aim  of  all  the  later  experimental  work 
at  Heroult. 


difficulties    are    encountered    should    cer- 
tainly be  solved  before  long. 

In  a  letter  dated  at  Heroult,  Cal., 
June  18,  1910,  Mr.  Lyon  says:  "We  have 
just  concluded  a  most  successful  run 
with  the  furnace,  at  least  so  far  as  the 
overcoming  of  the  troubles  which  we  had 
previously  encountered  is  concerned.  We 
had  to  close  down  yesterday  morning  for 
a  short  while,  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
bottom  of  our  crucible  burned  out,  and 
so  tapped  itself,  but,  as  such  an  acci- 
dent is  liable  to  happen  to  any  kind  of  a 
furnace,  I  did  not  consider  this  as  a 
troublesome  feature  belonging  particular- 
ly to  our  furnace,  and  so  am  not  at  all 
worried  about  it."  The  progress  of  this 
plant  will  be  watched  with  extreme  in- 
terest by  a  great  many  scientific  men  as 
account  of  the  utilization  of  the  by-pro- 
well  as  manufacturers  on  the  coast. 
Analyses  of  samples  of  pig  iron  produced 
at  Heroult  are  shown  in  an  accompanying 
tabulation. 


Data  on  Other  Operations 

Some  instructive  data  on  electric-shaft 
furnace  operation  are  contained  in  a  re- 
port' on  a  furnace  at  Domnarfvet,  Swe- 
den. In  these  experiments,  2.44  metric 
tons  of  pig  iron  were  produced  per  elec- 
tric horsepower-year.  In  the  same  test 
the  consumption  of  electrodes  per  metric 
ton  of  pig  iron  produced  was  figured  at 
about  5  kg.  The  consumption  of  coke 
was  about  605  lb.  per  metric  ton  of  pig 
produced. 

Professor  Von  Odelstierna,  if  Stock- 
holm, Sweden,  figures  on  a  comparison  of 
the  cost  of  producing  a  short  ton  of  pig 
iron  by  the  charcoal  blast  furnace  and 
by  the  electric-shaft  furnace.  These  fig- 
ures, based  on  conditions  in  Sweden  (60 
per  cent,  iron  ore,  charcoal  83  per  cent, 
carbon — no  account  is  taken  of  the  higher 
CO  constant  of  gases  from  the  electric 
furnace),  show  that  a  saving  of  $1.55  per 
ton  should  be  effected  in  the  production 
of  pig  iron,  by  the  electro-thermic  pro- 
cess. 

For  the  charcoal  blast  furnace  his  fig- 
ures are:  Charcoal,  0.95  ton  at  $8  per 
ton,  S7.60;  labor  $1;  repairs  and  general 
expenses  $1.50;  total  SI 0.10.  For  the 
electric  shaft  furnace:  Charcoal  at  SSper 
ton,  0.27  ton,  .$2.16;  0.213  electric  horse- 
power year  at  S12  $3.60;  labor  SI,  elec- 
trodes 10  lb.  at  3c.  per  lb.,  $0.30;  re- 
pairs and  general  expenses  $1.50;  total 
$8.56. 

Power  at  $12  Per  Horsepower  Year 
Essential 

From  all  the  data  available  it  seems  an 
indisputable  fact  that  pig  iron  can  be 
produced  on  a  commercial  scale  in  the 
electric  shaft  furnace.  However,  to  do 
this  on  an  economic  basis  it  also  seems 
necessary  that  power  be  available  at  a 
not  greater  cost  than  S12  per  horsepower- 
year.  Thus  it  is  evident  that  for  the  pres- 
ent the  use  of  the  electric  shaft  furnace 
cannot  be  even  considered  as  a  possi- 
bility at  many  places  in  our  country. 
However,  as  pointed  out,  conditions  at 
Heroult  are  peculiar  in  that  hydroelectric 
power  is  available  at  a  very  low  cost.  The 
great  need  and  present  high  cost  of  pig 
iron  on  the  Pacific  Coast  also  act  as  an 
incentive  for  work  along  this  line  at 
Heroult. 


The  Mississippi  State  Geological  Sur- 
vey, E.  N.  Lowe,  director,  has  issued  a 
special  bulletin  by  William  N.  Logan 
dealing  with  the  pottery  clays  of  the 
State.  Clays  are  about  the  only  min- 
eral product  so  far  developed  in  Mississ- 
ippi, and  the  output  of  clay  products  last 
year  was  valued  at  about  .$900,000.  It 
included  chiefiy  brick,  pipe  and  drain 
tiles. 


iRoporf  on  tlio  "InvpstlcatUMi  of  nn  I'lectrlc- 
slmft  I'liriiuii'  .11  DoninniI'vpt.  Sweden,  etc.," 
llv  ICiiK-ene  lliuinol,  Canadian  Department  o( 
.Mines.     I'.MI'.l, 


272 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


The  Bering  River  Coalfield  of  Alaska 

The   Coal    Is   of   Elxcellent  Quality,   and   Its  Development,  Temporarily 
Held  Up  by  the  Government,  Would  Mean  Much  to  Alaska's  Industries 


B    Y 


L 


W. 


S    TO    R    M  =^= 


The  1200  square  miles  of  territory, 
known  to  be  underlaid  with  coal  in  Alas- 
ka, includes  two  of  the  most  valuable 
coal  areas  on  the  Pacific  coast.  They  are, 
respectively,  the  Matanuska  field,  lying 
some  50  miles  northeast  of  the  head  of 
Cook  inlet;  and  the  Controller  Bay  or 
Bering  River  field,  10  to  30  miles  inland 
from  the  Gulf  of  Alaska,  and  80  miles 
west  of  Mt.  St.  Elias.  Of  the  two,  the 
Matanuska  may  prove  to  be  considerably 
the  larger,  although  their  areas,  as  known 
at  present,  are  about  the  same.  They 
both  contain  anthracite  and  high-grade 
bituminous  coal,  but  the  Bering  River 
field  is  the  better  known  and  will  prob- 
ably be  the  sooner  opened. 

The  area  of  available  coal  in  this  field 
is  about  75  square  miles,  occupying  an 
irregular  strip  25  miles  long  and  5  to 
10  miles  wide.  The  trend  of  the  strip 
is  a  little  north  of  east.  Its  southern 
limit  is  the  north  shore  of  Bering  Lake, 
10  miles  inland  from  Controller  Bay,  and 
it  is  bounded  on  the  east  and  north  re- 
spectively by  Bering,  and  Martin  River 
glaciers.  The  field  extends  under  these 
ice  caps  and  under  large  areas  of  lakes 
and  mud  flats  and  wide  gravelly  stream 
valleys,  but  such  coal  is  inaccessible,  for 
the  present,  and  is  not  included  in  the  es- 
timate. Mr.  Martin,  of  the  U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey  (Bulls.  284  and  335)  esti- 
mates this  coal  area  at  70  square  miles, 
but  since  his  last  visit  to  the  region  in 
1905,  a  few  scattered  areas  of  coal  have 
been  found  whose  existence  was  not 
known  to  him. 

This  is  a  small  field  when  compared 
with  such  coal  areas  as  that  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, approximately  200  times  as  large, 
but  it  compares  more  favorably  with  the 
Pacific  fields,  all  of  which  are  small. 
Moreover,  the  size  and  number  of  the 
coal  seams  in  this  field  are  unusually 
large. 

Thf.  Coal  Is  of  Good  Quality 

But  for  one  objection,  that  of  its  be- 
ing badly  crushed,  to  which  reference 
will  be  made  later,  the  Controller  Bay 
coal  would  be,  for  all  purposes,  better 
than  any  other  now  mined  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  The  anthracite  is  of  good  qualify, 
ranging  from  78  to  84  per  cent,  fixed 
carbon  and  is  low  in  ash.  Associated  with 
it  is  a  smaller  amount  of  semi-anthracite 
like  that  of  Pennsylvania.  The  bitum- 
inous, or  more  properly  speaking,  semi- 
bituminous  coal,  is  of  the  same  grade  and 
character  as  the  Pocahontas  coal  of  West 

•MInInc  engineer,  Valdez.   .Mnska. 


Virginia.  Characteristic  analyses  of  these 
coals  appear  in  the  accompanying  table, 
together  with  analyses  of  other  coals  for 
comparison.  A  number  of  tests  have 
proved  that  much  of  the  semi-bituminous 
coal  will  make  first-class  metallurgical 
coke. 

Except  in  the  Matanuska  field,  there  is 
no  other  coal  of  such  quality  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  Its  crushed  condition  will 
injure  the  anthracite  more  than  the  other 
varieties.  The  more  bituminous  coais 
sinter  on  the  fire,  into  a  crust,  which, 
when  broken  up.  burns  freely.  They  are 
most  seriously  injured  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. For  steaming  they  are  injured  but 
little  by  their  fineness,  and  for  coke  mak- 
ing, rather  benefited. 


where  the  coal  is  mined  in  fairly  good 
lumps,  and  it  may  be  that  well  under- 
ground the  crushed  condition  may  not  be 
so  marked,  but  all  of  the  coal  may  be 
expected  to  suffer  more  or  less  from  this 
cause. 

Mining  conditions  will  be  bad,  in  gen- 
eral, as  a  further  result  of  the  broken 
ground.  The  pitch  of  the  seams,  being 
steep,  is  some  advantage,  since  the  haul- 
age and  other  working  arrangement  of 
the  mines  can  be  more  readily  accommo- 
dated to  changes  of  pitch  and  position 
than  would  be  the  case  if  the  seams  were 
flat.  The  large  number  of  workable  beds 
close  together  is  another  help  toward  ec- 
onomical working.  This  will  enable  a 
mine    to    work    several    seams   at   once. 


ANALYSES   OF   BEKING    RIVEK    AND    OTHER    CO.il.S. 
(Copied  from  Publications  ot  U.   S.  Geological  Survey.) 


Kind  of  Coal  and  Where  Obtained. 

Anthracite,  average  7  samples.  Bering  River 

.\nlliradte,  one  sample  best  grade,  Bering  River.  . 

.\nlhrac'te,  one  sample,  Matanuska 

Anthracite,  average  9  analyses,  Pennsylvania 

.Semi-anthracite,  average  11  samples,  Bering  River. 
.Semi-anthracite,  average  4  samples,  Loyalsock,  Pa. 

.Semi-bituminous,  coking  coal,  average  28  samples, 

Bering  River 

.Semi-bituminous,  coking,  coal,  average  16  samples, 

Mataiuiska 

.Semi-bituminous,  steam  and  coke  coal,  average  38 

analyses.  Pocahontas,  W.  Va 

.Semi-biluminoiis,  steam  and  coke  coal,  average  10 

samples,  Bering  River 

.Semi-bitiuninous,  steam  and  coke  coal,  average  53 

samples,  Georges  Creek,  .Md 

Bituminous,  coking  coal,  Connellsville,  Pa 

Bituminous,  average  6  samples,  Nanaimo,  B.  C  .  . 
Bituminous,  average  9  samples,  Roslyn,  Wash. .  .  . 
Bituminous,  average  8  samples,  Japan 


Mois- 
ture. 

Volatile 
Matter. 

Fixed 
Carbon. 

Ash. 

Sul- 
phur. 

7.SS 
3.74 
2.5.5 
3.39 

6.15 
0.41 
7.  OS 
3. 81 

78.23 
85.92 
84.32 
83.79 

7.74 
4.93 
6.05 
8.42 

1.30 
1.10 
0.57 
0.59 

5.80 
1.49 

8.87 
11.07 

76.06 

78.88 

9.27 
7.69 

1.08 
0.86 

4.18 

14.00 

72.42 

9.39 

1.73 

2.71 

20.23 

65.39 

11.60 

0.57 

0.73 

17.43 

77.71 

4.63 

0.62 

6.01 

S.69 

77.45 

7.S6 

0.99 

0.70 

18.81 

72.96 

7.26 

1.01 

1.07 

9     JO 

5;  68 

2.62 

32.70 
34.07 
34.37 

42.49 

60.28 
55.95 
52.75 
50.07 

5.95 
7.93 
9.S7 
4. 82 

0.81 
0.64 
0.24 
0.92 

Fuel 
Ratio. 


12.86 
15.,S8 
1 1 .  90 
22.33 

8.77 
7.13 


5.28 
3.23 
4.46 

3.89 

1..S4 
1  64 
1.53 
1.18 


Cause  of  Crushed  Condition 

The  crushing  is  due  to  the  fact  that,  in 
late  Tertiary  time,  after  the  coal  had  been 
laid  down  together  with  the  accompany- 
ing 4000  ft.  of  shales  and  sandstones, 
and  after  an  additional  2500  ft.  of  non- 
coalbearing  form.ation  had  been  deposited 
a^ove,  the  area  was  raised  out  of  the  sea 
and  folded  into  a  coinplex  system  of 
mountains,  the  tops  of  which  now  reach 
elevations  of  3000  ft.  or  more.  A  great 
deal  of  close  folding  and  overthrust  fault- 
ing accompanied  this  movement  which 
has  continued  until  lately  and  may  still 
be  going  on.  The  resulting  structure  of 
the  coal  is  foliated  and  the  effect  of  air 
and  moisture  is  to  slack  it  to  an  earthy 
mass.  Frost  and  local  sandslips  con- 
tribute to  the  crushing  within  a  few  hun- 
dred feet  of  the  surface,  which  is  as  far 
as  any  of  the  workings  extend  at  pres- 
ent.    There  are  some  parts  of  the  field 


changing  about  from  one  to  another  as 
changes  in  position  may  require.  These 
seams  are  from  4  to  30  ft.  thick.  The 
thickness  of  a  given  seam  is  not  uniform. 
It  may  locally  pinch  to  nothing  or  swell 
to  a  width  of  40  or  50  ft.  The  principal 
series  of  coal  beds  includes  15  or  20 
such  seams  separated  by  20  to  100  ft.  of 
shale  and  sandstone.  It  occurs  in  the 
upper  half  of  the  coal  measures.  There 
are  several  other  good  seams  lower  in 
the  formation,  but  the  beds  appear  to  be 
less  numerous,  smaller  and  of  lower 
grade  in  the  lower  than  in  the  upper  half 
of  the  formation. 

Estimates  of  tonnage  are  more  likely 
to  he  misleading  than  not,  the  knowledge 
of  the  field  being  too  limited  and  the  per- 
centage of  recovery  too  uncertain  for 
much  accuracy  in  this  respect.  For  a  very 
rough  approximation  the  anthracite  and 
semi-hituminous  may  each  be  estimated 
ar  one  billion  tons  and  the    semi-anthracite 


August  6,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


273 


ai  one-half  that  amount.  The  actual  quan- 
tity of  coal  present  may  be  greater  than 
this  but  the  amount  recovered  may  be 
smaller,  possibly  only  one-tenth  as  mucn 
in  the  case  of  the  anthracite. 

Gas  and  Water  Present 

Considerable  gas  is  present.  There 
have  been  a  number  of  accidents  from 
this  cause,  some  of  them  fatal,  although 


Transportation,  as  usual  in  Alaska,  is 
a  serious  problem.  The  difficulty  in  this 
case  is  that  there  is  no  really  good  nat- 
ural harbor,  nearer  than  Cordova  bay,  on 
Prince  William  sound,  75  miles  west  of 
the  coalfield,  and  building  from  here  ne- 
cessitates crossing  the  Copper  river  delta 
at  great  e.xpense.  There  are  partial  shel- 
ters on  the  coast  within  10  or  12  miles  of 
the  coal,  on  Controller  bay,  Katalla  bay. 


breakwater  to  inclose  a  part  of  Katalla 
bay,  but  the  results  of  their  work  on  the 
breakwater  were  completely  destroyed  by 
a  storm  early  in  the  autumn  of  that  year 
and  shortly  afterward  the  company  aban- 
doned this  terminus  and  chose  the  longer 
route  from  Cordova.  Their  road  is  now 
well  across  the  Copper  river  and  on  its 
way  up  the  river  to  its  destination,  the 
Kennicott    Bonanza    copper    mine.      This 


Winghamdl 

hand 


TIU  £iij/inMnng  i  .Vinini;  Juumal 


Map  Showing  Controller  Bay  Coalfield  and  Proposed  Railroad  Connections 


the  workings  are,  as  yet,  only  the  merest 
prospects.  Water  will  also  be  plentiful 
in  the  mines,  on  account  of  the  heavy 
precipitation  and  the  badly  broken 
ground.  The  climate  is  not  severe. 
This  field  lies  in  the  coast  region  of 
Southern  Alaska  where  the  temperature 
seldom  falls  below  zero.  The  snovfall 
is  heavy  and  will  be  the  usual  hindrance 
to  transportation.  The  summers  are  wot 
and  cloudy. 


and  at  the  Martin  islands,  but  expensive 
engineering  work,  in  the  way  of  dredging 
or  building  breakwaters,  must  be  done  to 
make  a  harbor  at  any  of  these  places  and 
it  is  not  certain  that  any  of  them  would 
be  entirely  satisfactory  when   finished. 

The  Copper  River  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  Company,  proposing  to  build  to 
this  coal  and  up  the  Copper  river,  spent 
tw^o  Or  three  million  dollars  in  1907.  on 
railroad    work    near    Katalla    and    on    a 


company  will  probably  build  a  branch 
into  the  coalfields  as  soon  as  patents  to 
the  ground  are  issued  or  whenever  the 
Government  decides  upon  any  arrange- 
ment, under  w^hich  capital  can  be  induced 
to  open  the  mines.  It  is  feasible  to  build 
this  branch,  either  by  way  of  Katalla, 
up  the  Katalla  river  and  on  pile  trestle 
across  Bering  lake,  which  is  very  shal- 
low; or  by  way  of  Martin  river,  over  a 
pass  400    ft.    high    and   down    Shepherd 


274 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  t),   1910. 


creek.  The  length  of  the  branch  from 
the  Copper  river  to  the  center  of  the  field 
will  be  about  40  miles,  and  the  total 
distance  from  Cordova  to  the  same  point, 
about  80  miles. 

Only  Twenty-five   Miles   of   Railroad 
Necessary 

The  length  of  road  necessary  to  reach 
the  center  of  the  field  from  any  of  the 
local  harbors  is  about  25  miles.  This 
being  only  one-third  the  length  from  Cor- 
dova is  such  a  strong  inducement  that 
these  harbor  possibilities  will  all  be  gone 
over  very  carefully  and  some  of  them  de- 
veloped, possibly  with  success.  Five  or 
six  different  organizations  have  at  vari- 
ous times  appropriated  terminal  sites  on 
Controller  bay.  The  only  ones  of  these 
who  are  active  at  present  are  the  Alaska 
Petroleum  and  Coal  Company,  with  a  ter- 
minal site  near  Kanak  island,  and  the 
Oriental  Oil  Company,  with  terminal  at 
the  mouth  of  Edwardes  river.  This  bay 
is  an  area  of  shoal  water  intersected  by 
winding  channels  of  deeper  water,  caused 
by  tidal  currents  flowing  in  and  out 
among  the  low  islands  and  mud  banks. 
These  channels  can  be  dredged  out,  wid- 
ened and  deepened  in  places  and  so  used 
as  harbors.  They  will  be  well  protected 
from  the  ocean  swell  by  the  islands  on 
the  seaward  side  of  the  bay,  but  will  oe 
open  to  the  full  sweep  of  the  wind. 

The  Martin  islands  offer  a  chance  to 
connect  two  small  islands  with  each  other 
and  with  the  main  land,  which,  together 
with  the  building  of  an  arm  extending 
from  the  end  of  the  outer  island  will 
form  a  small  but  adequate  harbor.  The 
islands  are  high  and  give  some  shelter 
from  the  wind  and  the  terminal  grounds 
are  good.  The  objections  raised  to  this 
project  are  that  it  will  be  expensive  to 
execute  and  that  the  harbor  may  be  dif- 
ficult to  enter  or  leave  during  very  bad 
weather.  The  Alaska  Pacific  Railroad 
and  Terminal  Company,  which  did  con- 
siderable work  here  in  1907,  still  retains 
its  rights,  but  has  been  idle  for  two  years. 
The  accompanying  map  shows  loca- 
tions of  some  of  the  principal  holdings  in 
this  field.  As  will  be  seen,  the  Con- 
troller bay  group  is  the  easiest  of  access 
by  a  railroad  entering  the  field  from  the 
direction  of  Katalla.  This  group  is 
crossed  by  at  least  four  seams  of  good 
coal,  4  to  12  ft.  thick  and  pitching  at 
about  40  deg.  The  ground  is  less  broken 
than  it  is  elsewhere  in  the  field. 

Other  Coal  Holdings 

The  Pittsburg,  Youngstown  and  Cleve- 
land groups  are  good  only  in  part.  Thev 
are  broken  and  faulted  and  crossed  by 
bands  of  non-coalbearing  formation.  The 
Rathbone  and  Aurora  groups  are  imper- 
fectly prospected,  but  several  good  seams 
show  on  them.  The  Pacific  Coal  and  Oil 
Company  group  and  the  Cunningham 
group,  respectively,  west  and  east  of 
Kushtaka  lake,  are  probably  the  best  in 


the  field.  They  are  also  the  most  thor- 
oughly prospected.  The  outcrops  of  some 
20  or  more  seams  3  to  30  ft.  thick,  tra- 
verse these  groups  in  a  general  direction 
north  of  east.  The  dip  averages  about 
40  deg.  to  the  northwest,  although  there 
are  a  good  many  irregularities,  both  in 
strike  and  dip.  Considerable  areas,  how- 
ever, in  both  groups  are  comparatively 
free  from  serious  breaks  and  a  number 
of  profitable  mines  can  probably  be 
opened  on  each  group.  Successful  cok- 
ing tests  have  been  made,  with  coal  from 
each  group.  Especially  good  coke  was 
made  with  coal  from  an  opening  on  Trout 
creek,  on  the  Cunningham  group. 

The  Chezum  ground  is,  in  part  at  least, 
underlaid  by  the  same  set  of  seams  which 
show  on  the  Cunningham  property.  The 
region  east  of  Canon  creek,  containing 
the  anthracite  and  semi-anthracite  is  the 
most  difficult  of  access  and  the  least  pros- 
pected of  the  whole  field.  Its  topography 
is  also  the  most  rugged  and  the  forma- 
tion most  disturbed.  Only  certain  blocks 
in  this  area  can  be  worked.  The  interests 
represented  in  the  field  are  various.  The 
Morgan-Guggenheim  syndicate  financing 
the  Copper  River  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road is  probably  interested,  directly  or 
indirectly.  It  is  understood  also,  that 
several  of  the  railroads  having  terminals 
on  the  Pacific  coast  are  interested  here, 
besides  various  coal  companies  and  in- 
dividual capitalists  in  the  United  States 
and  elsewhere.  There  is  no  monopoly  of 
the   field   at  present. 

Location  Methods 

All  projects  bearing  on  the  develop- 
ment of  this  field  are  held  up  now,  pend- 
ing the  decision  of  the  Government  re- 
garding disposal  of  the  land.  This  has 
been  the  condition  since  1907,  when  this 
coal  was  withdrawn  from  entry  by  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt.  Most  of  it  had  already 
been  filed  upon,  but  patents  were  with- 
held pending  a  careful  investigation  of 
the  methods  followed  by  the  entrymen 
and  also  pending  a  contemplated  revision 
of  the  mineral  land  laws. 

As  in  every  Western  coalfield  for  the 
last  20  years,  entrymen  in  filing  upon  this 
land  have  in  some  cases  acted  in  the  in- 
terests of  corporations  or  associations, 
sometimes  allowing  such  parties  to  use 
their  names  for  a  consideration  and 
agreeing  at  the  same  time  to  deed  their 
holdings  to  said  association  after  patent 
has  issued.  This  was  contrary  to  the 
law,  but  might  have  passed  unnoticed  a 
few  years  earlier.  However,  these  claims 
came  up  for  patent  just  when  certain  in- 
vestigations in  Wyoming  and  Utah  and 
elsewhere  in  the  West,  were  revealing 
to  the  public  that  the  law  was  being  sys- 
tematically broken  and  had  come  to  be 
considered  by  everyone  in  the  coal  busi- 
ness, courts  and  land  office  included,  as 
unsuited  to  industrial  conditions,  which 
require  that  coal  land  be  operated  on  a 
large    scale. 


Patents  Were  Held  Up 

Accordingly,  the  patents  were  held  up 
and  the  agitation  over  them  has  drawn 
the  attention  of  the  whole  country  to 
Alaska.  The  Cunningham  group  is  the 
focus  of  this  interest,  its  owners  being 
especially  active  in  demanding  their  pat- 
ents and  insisting  that  there  has  been  no 
fraud  in  connection  with  their  entries. 
Other  interests  are  awaiting  the  result. 

The  present  coal  law  allows  patent  of 
2560  acres,  or  16  individual  claims  in 
one  group  in  Alaska,  where  the  ground 
had  been  located  before  Nov.  12,  1906, 
and  the  land  office  appears  to  favor  issu- 
ing patents  where  comparatively  good 
faith  has  been  shown,  even  though  there 
have  been  some  minor  irregularities.  This 
seems  preferable  to  holding  back  the  pat- 
ents indefinitely,  as  the  development  of 
Alaska  is  retarded  by  lack  of  this  coal, 
and  the  danger  that  those  who  exploit 
the  field  will  make  more  than  a  fair  profit 
is  not  so  great  as  has  been  supposed. 

This  question  of  profit  is  a  difficult  one. 
The  mining  cost  of  the  coal  will  probably 
exceed  SI. 50  per  ton,  and  it  must  be 
shipped  1400  miles  to  Seattle  or  2000 
miles  to  San  Francisco,  in  order  to  reach 
the  main  Pacific  coast  market.  Under 
these  circumstances  its  price  will  neces- 
sarily be  higher  than  that  of  the  local 
coals  and  the  extent  to  which  its  supe- 
rior quality  will  enable  it  to  supplant 
these  cheaper  coals  cannot  be  foretold  with 
certainty.  In  this  competition,  as  before 
mentioned,  its  friable  condition  will  be  a 
hindrance.  Probably  there  will  be  keen 
competition  and  the  Bering  river  coal  may 
liave  the  advantage  wherever  a  high- 
grade  coal  is  especially  desirable,  that  is 
for  smithing,  steaming,  especially  for 
marine  use,  and  for  various  special  uses. 
In  this  field  it  will  have  to  meet  some 
competition  with  California  crude  oil.  For 
use  in  the  navy,  this  coal  will  probably 
supersede  all  other  Pacific  coast  coal  and 
in  case  of  a  naval  war,  the  availability 
of  this  coal  might  be  of  paramount  Im- 
portance to  the  nation.  Bering  river  coke 
could  probably  compete  successfully  with 
any  in  this  market. 

Importance  of  Developing  Alaska's 
Coalfields 
With  reference  to  the  Alaska  market 
the  case  is  different.  Opening  either  the 
Bering  river  or  Matanuska  field  would 
probably  result  in  stopping  all  shipment 
of  outside  coal  to  Alaska.  Coal  from 
Washington  or  Vancouver  island  costs 
S15  per  ton  retail  in  Cordova,  where  Ber- 
ing river  coal  will  probably  cost  S5  or  S6 
when  the  field  is  opened.  However,  Alas- 
ka imports  only  about  150,000  tons  of 
coal  yearly.  This  is  less  than  half  a 
trainload  per  day  and  would  not  justify 
the  expense  of  building  a  railroad  to  the 
field,  hut  if  this  coal  were  available,  the 
development  of  Alaska  would  be  stimu- 
lated and  the  demand  for  the  coal  in- 
creased.    Railroads  and   probably  smel- 


August  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


275 


tcries  would  be  built  and  the  coal  would  be 
used  not  only  directly  by  these,  but  also 
in  the  various  industries  and  among  the 
people  supported  by  them.  In  fact,  the 
two  railroads  which  are  building  in  south- 
ern Alaska  at  present  are  simply  in  an- 
ticipation   of    the   tjpening    of   coalfields. 


These  are  the  Alaska  Northern,  with  ter- 
minus at  Seward  and  building  to  the  Mat- 
anuska  field,  and  the  Copper  River  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  already  men- 
tioned. The  latter  is  not  a  coal  road  only. 
It  will  open  the  Chitina  copper  region, 
but    its    success   depends    upon    securing 


the  Bering  river  coal  at  a  reasonable  fig- 
ure for  its  use;  its  construction  is  in  ad- 
vance of  the  development  of  both  thj 
coalfield  and  the  copper  region  from 
which  it  is  to  draw  its  revenue.  Nothing 
will  stimulate  Alaska's  industries  more 
than  the  development  of  her  coal  deposits. 


Earthed  and  Insulated  Neutrals  in  Colliery  Work 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Discussing  this  question  in  a  paper  be- 
fore the  British  Institution  of  Electrical 
Engineers,  W.  Wellesley  Wood,  tabulated 
the  principal  advantages  of  the  respective 
systems  as   follows: 

Earthed  Neutral — (1)  Maximum  po- 
tential to  earth  of  any  place  limited  to 
58  per  cent,  of  line  voltage. 


versus  insulated  neutrals  is  a  very  open 
one  indeed,  especially  on  voltages  under 
20,000,  and  the  president  of  the  High 
Tension  Committee  of  the  American  In- 
stitution of  Electrical  Engineers  puts  his 
conclusions  as  follows:  "That  some  plants 
grounded  the  neutral,  and  its  engineers 
considered  it  safe  and  would  never  think 


Generator 


Resistances 


4- Way  Switch 


DIectrostatic 
Voltmeters 


^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^a 


(a)  Moving 
Coil 


Inductive 
Res. 


Cells 


TItc  E'ljjinaerin'j  ^  Mintng  Ji/Urnat 


Various  Types  of  Leakage  Indicators 


an  insulated  system  the  supply  can  be 
maintained  with  an  earth  on  one  phase  if 
the  insulation  of  the  system  has  a  suffi- 
cient factor  of  safety  to  withstand  the 
full-line  voltage  between  any  part  of  it 
and  earth. 

Mr.  Wood  does  not  think,  as  regards 
the  generating  plant,  that  the  earthing 
or  insulating  of  the  neutral  makes  much 
difference,  for  even  with  alternators  in 
parallel,  triple-frequency  currents  may 
give  trouble  with  an  earthed  neutral;  this 
can  be  got  over  by  only  earthing  the 
neutral  of  one  generator,  or  by  the  in- 
troduction of  choking  coils. 

Inclosing  All  Live  Parts 

The  best  protection  against  the  danger 
of  shock  from  conducting  bodies  does 
not  lie  either  in  the  earthing  or  insulating 
of  the  neutral,  but  in  properly  protecting 
or  inclosing  all  live  parts  and  in  efficiently 
earthing  to  the  surrounding  grounding 
all  motor  frames,  switch  cases,  etc.  In 
a  dry  pit  it  is  often  difficult  to  get  a  good 
earth  connection,  and  thus  meet  this  diffi- 
culty. Some  engineers  carry  either  a  sep- 
arate cable  or  care  for  earthing  purposes 
only,  but  this  method  may  possibly  be  a 
source  of  danger  unless  the  system  is  al- 
so earthed  underground.  For  example, 
on  a  three-phase  system  with  an  earthed 


(2)  Leakage  to  earth  probably  re- 
sults in  isolation  of  the  damaged  circuit. 

(3)  Leakage-tripping  devices  can  be 
used  which  switch  off  the  supply  when  an 
earth  occurs  on  one  phase,  reducing  dan- 
ger of  shock  and  explosion. 

Insulated  Neutral — (1)  Danger  of 
shock  and  explosion  is  reduced,  as  con- 
tact witii  earth  and  one  phase  does  not 
complete    the   circuit. 

(2)  An  earth  on  one  phase  does  not 
cause  an  interruption  of  supply  for  the 
same  reason. 

(3)  Stress  on  insulation  under  normal 
circumstances  is  less  and  liability  to  flash 
to  metallic  casings  considerably  less. 

(4)  Only  two-trip  coils  instead  of 
three  are  required  to  protect  each  circuit 
where  an   automatic  switch   is   installed 

A  Divergence  of  Opinion 

Mr.  Wood  says  that  as  far  as  transmis- 
sion is  concerned  the  question  of  earthed 


Heavy  Leak  to  Earth 

7^*  Eneliu4rinff  j  .Vintn.'r  .r<urn~t 


Voltage  on  Shorted-phase  Falls  to  Zero,  on  Other  Two  Rises  to  Full 
Line  Volts,  Increasing  Stress  on  Insulation  of  Two  Phases 
IN  Ratio  of  58  to  100 


of  running  in  any  other  way,  while  the 
engineers  of  plants  which  did  not  ground 
the  neutral  would  never  think  of  doing 
such  a  thing."  The  author  proceeds  to 
say  that  where  the  neutral  is  earthed  it 
has  sometimes  been  found  possible  in 
emergencies  to  keep  up  the  supply  with 
two  lines  and  an  earth  return,  while  with 


neutral  and  an  earth  plate  at  the  gencrat- 
ing-supply  end,  a  leak  takes  place  near 
the  motor  on  one  of  the  outers.  This 
motor  is  at  work  in  a  more  or  less  in- 
sulating stratum,  so  that  the  resistance 
from  the  ground  to  the  earth  plate  at 
bank— except  through  the  earth  wire — is 
very  high. 


276 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


The  motor  makes  bad  contact  with 
the  earth  on  which  it  stands  and  there  is 
a  very  considerable  difference  of  potential 
between  this  ground  and  the  motor.  Any- 
one standing  on  this  ground  and  touching 
the  motor  case  will  possibly  get  a  bad 
shock.  If  the  neutral  is  insulated  it  is 
necessary  to  have  a  leak  on  one  of  the 
other  phases  at  tank  before  the  same 
conditions  can  apply.  Anticipating  the 
objection  that  this  may  be  considered  an 
extreme  case,  Mr,  Wood  points  to  such 
an  occurrence  recently  in  a  colliery  in 
Scotland,  and  on  nxasuring  the  resistance 
between  an  earth  plate  at  bank  and  an 
earth  connection  at  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft,  this  was  found  to  be  300,000  ohms. 

Preventing  a  Flash 

Where  there  is  real  danger  of  inflam- 
mable gas  or  coal  dust,  colliery  managers 
may  hesitate  to  install  an  electric  plant, 
as  an  arc  or  flash  with  any  moderate 
amount  of  power  behind  it  may  ignite  the 
gas  or  dust.  With  an  earthed  neutral, 
failure  of  the  insulation  of  one  phase  to 

Earth  Wire 


Where  automatic  oil  switches  are  used, 
three  relays,  one  in  each  phase,  are 
needed  with  an  earthed  neutral,  and  only 
two  with  an  insulated  neutral.  If  many 
switches  are  needed  the  difference  in  first 
cost  may  be  considerable.  The  cost  of 
armored  cable  is  often  nearly  double 
that  of  unarmored,  so  that  these  latter 
cables  should  be  run  in  places  where 
there  is  no  danger  of  accidental  contact, 
damage  from  falls,  or  of  explosion;  in 
such  cases  armoring  is  an  unjustifiable 
expense.  The  cost  of  maintenance  is 
generally  of  greater  importance  than  first 
cost. 

Conclusion 

In  presenting  his  conclusions  Mr.  Wood 
says:  "No  hard  and  fast  rules  can  be 
laid  down,  and  every  case  should  be  con- 
sidered broadly  on  its  own  merits,  but  it 
seems  that  generally  an  insulated  neutral 
is  better  where  permanent  plant  is  at 
work  and  the  cables  are  not  very  liable 
to  mechanical  damage.  Where  portable 
machines  such  as  coal  cutters  are  used, 


Transformers  for  Switch 


30,000  tons  mined  on  Batan  island. 
Aloreover,  about  20,000  tons  of  Pocahon- 
tas coal  was  received  from  the  United 
States;  but  that  was  exclusively  for  the 
use  of  the  navy  and  did  not  enter  into 
general  consumption. 

Formerly  a  considerable  quantity  of 
Japanese  coal  was  received  at  Manila, 
but  that  was  supplanted  by  Australia 
coal  during  the  Russo-Japanese  war. 
During  the  current  year,  however, 
more  Japanese  coal  has  been  received, 
owing  to  the  short  supply  caused  by  the 
New  South  Wales  strike  during  the  early 
months  of  the  year.  The  advantage  which 
Japanese  coal  has  at  Manila,  owing  to 
the  shorter  distance  and  lower  freight,  is 
offset  by  the  better  quality  of  the  Aus- 
tralian coal. 


The  New  Coke  Plant  at  Bethlehem 


Special  Correspondence 


Work  on  the  immense  new  coke  plant 
of    the    Bethlehem    Steel    Company,    at 


J      1       III  Leakage  Drip 
Trip  Coil 


Earth  Wire 
brolieQ 


Lealt  to 
Vllotor  Casing 


^^5^^^^S^^^^S5^Si^RSRtSJSg?StS^^5^^^5^ 


The  Engineering  ■}  Mininij  Journal 


This  Arrangement  Insures  Considerable  Difference  of    System  with  Leakage  Tripping  Device  and  Earthed  Neutral, 
Potential  Between  Motor  and   Surrounding  Showing  Earth  Wire  Broken,  Hence   Tripping  Device 

Ground,  with  Possibility  of  Shock  Due  Inoperative.     Possibility  of  Shock  to  Sur- 


to  Phase  Volts 

earth  is  practically  bound  to  produce  such 
a  flash,  while  with  an  insulated  system 
an  earth  on  one  phase  shows  on  the 
leakage  indicator,  and  there  is  a  greater 
chance  of  isolating  the  section  before  any 
arc  occurs. 

Armored  Cable  and  Leakage  Tripping 
Devices 
Leakage-tripping  devices  are  only  de- 
signed for  use  on  a  system  with  a  neutral 
earthed  either  directly  or  through  a  re- 
sistance and  the  current  at  which  they 
operate  can  be  adjusted  to  different 
values  on  different  feeders  as  may  be  re- 
quired. It  is  claimed  that  by  using  such 
switches  in  connection  with  armored 
cables,  danger  from  shock  and  explosion 
is  largely  avoided,  but  Mr.  Wood  says 
that  while  there  are  undoubtedly  many 
cases  in  which  a  leakage  device  may  be 
of  considerable  use,  there  are  also  many 
others  where  it  would  not  justify  the  in- 
creased expenditure  and  would  probably 
prove  rather  a  nuisance.  These  devices, 
moreover,  do  not  protect  against  shock 
from  live  terminals  or  from  contact  with 
a  high-resistance   leakage. 


rounding  Earth  Due  to  Phase  Voltage 


I 


or  where  cables  are  liable  to  frequent 
hard  usage,  it  may  be  worth  while  to  use 
automatic  devices  and  in  this  case  if  a 
separate  transformer  were  used  to  sup- 
ply this  plant,  its  neutral  could  be  earthed 
and  preferably  through  a  resistance  with- 
out interfering  with  the  remainder  of 
the  system.  Such  devices,  however,  will 
require  constant  inspection.  There  is  an- 
other case  of  importance  which  has  not 
so  far  been  considered,  and  that  is  where 
small  lighting  transformers  are  used.  It 
would  seem  desirable  to  limit  the  second- 
ary pressure  of  these  to  110  volts,  and 
connect  the  neutral  of  one  side  directly 
to  earth. 


Bethlehem,  Penn.,  was  begun  this  week. 
Last  fall  it  was  announced  that  Presi- 
dent Charles  M.  Schwab  had  entered  into 
a  contract  with  the  Deider-March  Com- 
pany, of  Germany,  to  construct  an  enor- 
mous coke  plant  at  Bethlehem.  The  coke 
plant  will  be  erected  in  two  sections. 
The  first  half  will  utilize  about  40,000 
tons  of  bituminous  coal  a  week,  and  the 
second  half  about  50,000  tons  a  week. 
The  site  of  the  plant  covers  400  acres 
with  a  frontage  of  2800  ft.  along  the  Le- 
high Valley  railroad,  from  which  25  miles 
of  side  tracks  will  be  laid  to  run  in  the 
material  and  take  out  the  product. 

The  first  section  of  the  coke  plant  will 

be  two  years  in  building  and  will  require 

^      ,  ^  •       •      1      Dl  •!•      •  15,000  M.  red  brick,  25,000  M.  firebrick. 

Coal  Consumption  in  the  rhihppmes     250,000  cu.yd.  concrete  and  1,000.000  yd. 

excavation. 


The  imports  of  coal  into  the  Philippine 
islands,  at  Manila,  in  1909,  are  reported 
as  follows:  French  Indo-China,  32; 
China,  43;  Japan,  293;  British  Borneo, 
1601;  Australia,  171,866;  total,  173.835 
metric  tons;  a  decrease  of  43,546  tons 
from  1008.  In  addition  to  the  imported 
coal,  the  supply  last  year  included  about 


The  main  gas  tank  will  be  40  ft.  in 
diameter  and  400  ft.  high  and  it  will  ex- 
tend 42-in.  mains  to  supply  gas  to  heat 
all  the  furnaces  in  the  plant.  There  will 
be,  however,  a  large  amount  of  gas,  not 
only  enough  to  run  the  plant,  but  to  sup- 
ply the  entire  Lehigh  valley  as  well,  with 
both  illuminating  and  fuel  gas. 


Au£-.;st  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


!^|new  publications||\D' 


The  Quality  of  the  Surface  Waters 
OF  Illinois.  By  W.  D.  Collins.  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  Water-Supply 
Paper  239,  1910. 

The  Weathering  of  Coal.  Series  of 
1909.  By  S.  W.  Parr  and  W.  F. 
Wheeler.  Bulluin  No.  38,  1909. 
University  of  Illinois,  Urbana,  111. 

Safeguards  for  the  Prevention  of  In- 
dustrial Accidents.  Edited  by 
David  Van  Schaack.  50c.  Aetna 
Life  Insurance  Company,  Hartford, 
Conn. 

Summary  Report  of  the  Geological 
Survey  Branch  of  the  Depart- 
ment OF  Mines  of  Canada  for  the 
Calendar  Year  1909.  25c.  Pub- 
lished at  Ottawa,  Ontario. 

Twentieth  Century  Handbook  for 
Steam  Engineers  and  Electri- 
cians, with  Questions  and  An- 
swers, by  Calvin  F.  Swingle.  Freder- 
ick J.  Drake  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

SCHLACWETTER-,         KoHLENSTAUB-         UND 

Sprengstoffversuchsanlacen       In 
Deutschland  UND  Belgicn,  by  Wil- 
helm   Pekorny.     Manzsche  Universi- 
tats-Buchhandfung,  Vienna. 
An  Account  of  the  Strata  of  North- 
umberland AND  Durham  as  Proved 
Bv   Borings  and   Sinkings.     North 
of  England   Institute  of  Mining  and 
Mechanical     Engineers,     Newcastle- 
on-Tyne,  England. 
Engineering  Chemistry:    A  Manual  of 
Quantitative    Chemical    Analysis 
for  the   Use  of  Students,  Chem- 
ists and  Engineers,  by  T!:omas  B. 
Stillman.     Fourth  edit  on.  S5.  Chem- 
icnl    Publishing    Company,     Easton, 
Penn. 
Designing    and    Detailing    of    Simple 
Steel    Structures,    by     Clyde    T. 
Morris.      S2.25.      New    York,    Engi- 
neering  News   Publishing   Company. 
Contents:  Riveting,  designing  and  esti- 
mating, manufacture  and  erection,  roofs, 
plate      girder      bridges,      pin-connected 
bridges,  details  of  pin-connected  bridges. 
Monografia  Geologica  y  Paleontolog- 
ICA  del   Cerro  de   Muleros  Cerca 
de  Ciudad  Juarez,  Estado  de  Chi- 
huahua,    Y     Description     de     la 
Fauna  Cretacea  de  la  Encantado 
DE  Chihuahua,  by  E.  Bose.    Boletin 
del    Instituto    Geologico    de    Mexico, 
No.  25,  1910.  Secretaria  de  Fomcnto, 
Mexico. 
Tables  for  the  Determination  of  Min- 
erals BY  Physical  Properties  As- 
certainable   with    the    Aid    of    a 
Few  Field  Instruments,  by  Persifor 
Frazer    and    Amos    Peaslee    Brown. 
Based  on  the  system  of  Prof.  Albin 
Weisbach.       Sixth     edition,     revised. 
?2..=0.      Philadelphia,   J.    B.    Lippin- 
cott  Company. 


Notes  Accompanying  the  Lectures  on 
Geology    Applied    to    Mining:      A 
Course    Given    at    Michigan    Col- 
lege of  Mines.    By  Eugene  T.  Han- 
cock. 
This    interesting    little    book    was    pre- 
pared to  serve  the  purpose  of  a  text  book 
in  the   course   in   applied   geology   in   the 
Michigan    College    of    Mines,    a    course 
which  emphasizes  the  structural  features 
and  mode  of  ore   deposition   in  most  of 
the    large   mining   camps   of  the    United 
States.    The  book  is  based  upon  the  best 
descriptive    literature,    and    is    a    useful 
compihuion.     It  can  be  procured  in   lim- 
ited nuir.ber  from  the  supply  room  of  t'.ie 
Michigan    College    of   Mines. 

Ore    Mining   Methods,   by    Walter     R. 

Crane.     .S3.     New  York:  John  Wiley 

&  Sons. 
Contents:  Support  of  workings;  meth- 
ods of  sloping  and  handling  ore  in  stopes; 
mining  in  narrow  veins  and  bedded  de- 
posits; methods  of  mining  in  wide  veins 
and  masses;  open-cut  mining;  cost  of 
stoping. 

The  subject  matter  is  presented  in  a 
clear  and  brief  manner,  and  brings  to- 
gether in  one  volume  a  general  descrip- 
tion of  the  different  systems  of  mining, 
thus  affording  an  easy  comparison.  At 
the  end  of  each  section  the  author  sums 
up  briefly  and  tersely  the  advantages  and 
disadvantages  of  the  system  under  dis- 
cussion. This  seems  to  be  one  of  the  most 
important  features  of  the  book.  It  is  to 
be  regretted  that  in  the  entire  book,  no 
references  are  given  to  other  literature  on 
the  subject.  A  mining-method  bibli- 
ography at  the  close  of  the  book  would 
have  enhanced  its  value. 

The  Cyanide  Handbook,  by  J.  E.  Clen- 
nell.  $5.  McGraw-Hill  Book  Com- 
pany, New  York. 
This  new  handbook  for  the  use  of  man- 
agers of  cyanide  plants,  chemists,  fore- 
men and  assaycrs  is  devoted  to  the  fun- 
damental principles  of  cyanide  practice, 
and  is  therefore  likely  to  have  a  greater 
permanent  value  than  treatises  given  up 
largely  to  descriptions  of  mechanical  de- 
tails and  arrangements  at  individual 
plants.  The  principles  of  dissolving  and 
precipitating  gold  and  silver  do  not 
change,  but  the  mechanical  details  of 
practice  are  still  in  process  of  evolution. 
The  entire  mechanics  of  the  cyanide  pro- 
cess have  changed  radically  within  a 
short  period.  It  would  be  futile  to  at- 
tempt to  designate  what  is  and  what  is 
not  standard  practice,  and  which  of  the 
numerous  arrangements  is  likely  to  sur- 
vive a  few  seasons'  trial.  Recent  im- 
provements in  cyaniding,  resulting  in 
greater  simplicity  of  plant  and  the  reduc- 
tion of  costs,  have  practically  all  been 
along  mechanical  lines,  yet,  as  the  author 
states,  cvaniding  depends  upon  the  appli- 
cation of  chemical  principles  and  the 
chemical  aspect  of  the  process  has  hith- 
erto been  treated  only  in  a   fragmentary 


and  imperfect  manner.  Valuable  contri- 
butions to  the  knowledge  of  the  subject 
have  appeared  from  time  to  time,  mostly 
in  the  form  of  scattered  papers  and  ad- 
dresses before  scientific  societies,  and  it 
is  the  aim  of  the  present  work  to  bring 
together  this  information  in  a  handy  and 
accessible  form. 

The  arrangement  of  the  subject  matter 
is  thoroughly  scientific,  so  much  so  that 
at  first  sight  t/e  work  seems  somewhat 
formidable,  but  after  further  examination 
it  becomes  apparent  that  the  massing  of 
bald  chemical  formulas  and  equations 
under  various  heads  adds  to  the  clear- 
ness of  the  whole,  and  facilitates  its  use 
as  a  work  of  reference.  The  book  is  di- 
vided into  nine  parts,  each  subdivided  in- 
to sections  and  numbered  paragraphs;  so 
that  it  is  almost  as  convenient  to  find  a 
desired  bit  of  information  by  way  of  the 
table  of  contents  as  by  reference  to  the 
index.  The  first  part  treats  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  cyanide  process,  besides  giv- 
ing a  general  outline  of  the  principles 
involved.  The  second  p::rt  is  given  up 
entirely  to  the  chemistry  of  the  various 
processes.  Especially  interesting  in  this 
division  is  the  section  on  the  '"Chemistry 
of  the  Dissolving  Process."  In  view  of 
the  general  thoroughness  of  the  work, 
one  is  surprised  to  find  only  a  brief  refer- 
ence to  the  question  of  relative  electro- 
motive force  of  minerals  in  cyanide  solu- 
tions. Professor  Christy,  in  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  Ariierican  Institute  of  .Min- 
ing Engineers,  and  Julian  &  Smart, 
in  their  volume  on  "Cyaniding  Gold  and 
Silver  Ores,"  have  shown  how  important 
is  the  part  played  by  the  behavior  of 
ions  in  the  solution  of  the  metals,  and  it 
would  seem  that  the  activity  of  the  last 
few  years  should  have  added  something 
new  to  the  development  of  that  promis- 
ing field. 

The  third  part  treats  of  the  preparation 
of  ores  for  cyaniding,  including  crushing 
and  grinding,  mechanical  handling  of  ma- 
terial, amalgamation  and  concentration. 
In  this,  as  in  other  chapters,  it  is  evident 
that  the  author  had  no  intention  to  direct 
the  work  of  the  designing  engineer,  but 
rather  to  supplement  it.  The  author  never 
losfs  sight  of  his  main  purpose,  viz.,  a 
handbook  for  use  in  actual  practice. 

The  ch?pters  on  metallurgical  tests  and 
laboratory  operations  connected  with  the 
daily  routine  of  a  plant  are  given  in  the 
fullest  detail.  Not  only  are  modes  of  pro- 
cedure described  in  their  order  of  se- 
quence, but  also  practical  ways  of  over- 
coming difficulties  which  are  to  be  met 
in   ordinary   routine. 

The  h.indbook  does  not  add  greatly  to 
the  theoretical  discussion  of  the  cyanide 
process,  but  it  places  in  the  hands  of 
those  engaged  in  the  conduct  of  actual 
operations  information  to  meet  the  daily 
needs  of  the  plant,  and  aiSO  data  for  the 
study  of  obscure  problems  along  lines 
where  the  greatest  improvements  in  cyan- 
iding are  yet  to  be  made. 


278 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


ill  PERSONAL    ||T] 


Mining  and  metalliiraical  engineers  are  in- 
vited to  keep  The  E.ngineekixg  and  Mixing 
JfHRXAL  informed  of  tbeir  movements  and 
apiJointments. 


J.  H.  Curie  left  London,  July  22,  for  a 
trip   to   Finland. 

F.  C.  Poisson  arrived  in  London,  July 
16,   from   New  York. 

H.  C.  Hoover  has  been  in  Germany, 
but  has  returned  to  London. 

Alfred  H.  Hale,  of  Denver,  Colo.,  has 
been  in  New  York  on  his  way  to  the 
Congo  Free  State. 

Prof.  Karl  Haussmann.  of  Aachen, 
Germany,  is  in  Cobalt,  Ont.,  visiting 
some  of  the  mines. 

Charles  F.  Saviers  has  returned  to 
Torreon,  Coahuila,  Mexico,  after  six 
weeks  spent  in  St.  Louis. 

William  A.  Barber,  vice-president  of 
the  Socorro  Alining  Company,  has  been 
visiting  the  mines  in  New  Mexico. 

E.  E.  Burchard  has  been  appointed 
general  manager  of  the  Santa  Gertrudis 
South  Company,  Ltd.,  Pachuca,  Mexico. 
Lionel  E.  Hill  has  been  appointed  as- 
■sistant  to  Ernest  Levy,  manager  of  Le 
Roi  No.  2,  Ltd.,  Rossland,  British  Colum- 
bia. 

William  Fleet  Robertson,  provincial 
mineralogist,  has  gone  to  the  Chilcotin 
district,  central  British  Columbia,  on  an 
exploration  trip. 

Robert  K.  Painter,  of  Benson  Mines. 
N.  Y.,  is  at  the  Northern  Pyrites  mine. 
Lake  Superior  Junction,  Ont.,  in  which 
he  is  interested. 

Gelasio  Caetani  recently  inspected  the 
mines  of  the  Tombstone  Consolidated,  at 
Tombstone,  Ariz.,  for  the  Development 
Company  of  America. 

Neil  McL.  Curran.  for  years  manager 
of  the  North  Star  mine,  at  Kimberley. 
East  Kootenay,  B.  C,  has  resigned,  ow- 
ing to  illness,  caused  by  lead  poisoning. 
S.  S.  Fowler,  general  manager  of  the 
Canadian  Metal  Company,  has  returned 
to  Nelson,  B.  C,  from  conferring  with 
the  directors  of  the  company,  in  Paris, 
France. 

C.  L.  Hower,  of  Johnstown,  Penn.,  has 
gone  to  Alberta,  to  supervise  develop- 
ment work  on  coal  properties  owned  by 
the  German  Development  Company,  of 
Ottawa. 

F.  M.  Kurie,  of  Philadelphia,  has  re- 
turned from  British  Columbia,  after  vis- 
iting, as  consulting  engineer,  the  prop- 
erties of  the  Highlander  Mill  and  Min- 
ing   Company. 

R.  J.  H.  Bradley  has  returned  to  New 
York  from  the  examination  of  placer 
ground  in  the  Cook  Inlet  district  and  of 
a  copper  property  at  Latouche  island, 
both  in  Alaska. 


Dr.  A.  Selwyn  Brown,  consulting  min- 
ing engineer,  has  returned  to  New  York 
from  an  extended  professional  trip  to 
Newfoundland  and  the  maritime  pro- 
vinces of  Canada. 

Captain  Desborough,  British  govern- 
ment explosive  expert,  has  arrived  at  Ot- 
tawa to  examine  explosives  factories  and 
aid  the  Canadian  government  in  framing 
the  proposed  explosives  act. 

Thomas  Kiddie,  late  superintendent  of 
the  smeltery,  at  Northport,  Wash.,  last 
month  examined  a  deposit  of  magnesite 
at  Atlin,  B.  C,  for  the  Western  Steel 
Corporation,  Seattle,  Washington. 

Fergus  L.  Allen  has  resigned  his  po- 
sition as  superintendent  of  the  Mexico 
Mines  of  El  Oro,  on  account  of  ill  health. 
His  successor  is  David  A.  Herron,  re- 
cently at  the  Tomboy  mines,  in  Colorado. 
C.  Colcock  Jones  returned  to  Los  An- 
geles, Cal.,  after  a  stay  of  several  weeks 
in  the  Lucky  Boy  district,  Hawthorne, 
Nev.,  and  then  left  to  examine  oil  prop- 
erty in  the  Santa  Paula  district,  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Rudolph  Erickson.  formerly  chief  en- 
gineer for  the  Jones  &  Laughlin  interests 
on  the  Michigan  ranges,  has  been  ap- 
pointed superintendent  of  the  Davidson 
Ore  Mining  Company,  which  is  oper,at- 
ing  the  Gleason  mine  at  Iron  River, 
Michigan. 

In  a  personal  note  in  a  recent  issue  of 
the  JouRN.'^L  we  erroneously  referred  to 
Bergrath  Schneider,  of  Freiberg,  Sax- 
onv,  as  director  of  the  Bergakademie. 
We  should  have  mentioned  him  as  chief 
of  the  metallurgical  laboratory  of  the 
royal   works  at  that  place. 

Donald  Foster  is  not  in  charge  of  mill- 
ing operations  at  the  Cherokee  Gold- 
fields,  Ltd..  Parral,  Chihuahua.  Mexico, 
as  reported  by  a  correspondent  in  our 
issue  of  July  16.  Mr.  Foster  recently 
arrived  from  England  and  is  assistant  to 
A.  W.  Allen,  who  is  in  charge. 

Hon.  Frank  Oliver,  Canadian  minister 
of  the  interior,  lately  arrived  at  Dawson, 
Yukon.  Starting  from  Ottawa,  he  went 
first  to  Edmonton,  Alberta,  thence  to  the 
.Mackenzie  river,  and  then  down  that 
stream  2500  miles  to  Fort  McPherson, 
on  the  .Arctic  ocean.  After  walking  90 
miles  over  the  tundra  to  the  Porcupine 
river,  he  proceeded  down  that  river  700 
miles  to  its  confiuence  with  the  Yukon,  at 
Fort  Yukon.  The  journey  thence  to  Daw- 
son   was  by  river  steamer. 

Jules  Labarthe,  who  recently  resigned 
as  superintendent  of  the  Consolidated 
Mining  and  Smelting  Company's  smeltery 
and  refinery  at  Trail,  B.  C,  to  become 
manager  for  the  Mason  Valley  Mines 
Company,  Yerington,  Nov.,  was  on  July 
9,  given  a  valedictory  banquet  by  the 
citizens  of  Trail  and  presented  with  a 
handsome  silver  tray  made  from  the  pro- 
duct of  the  local  refinery.  Mr.  Labarthe 
was  at  the  Trail  works  13  years. 


+     OBITUARY     + 


H.  Lawrence  Read  died  in  New  York, 
July  29.  He  was  well  known  in  Mexico 
as  a  prospector  and  promoter.  He  was 
in  New  York  temporarily  on  business,  his 
home  being  in  the  City  of  Mexico. 

I.  N.  Welch  died  at  Central  City,  Colo., 
July  19,  after  a  long  illness.  He  was 
for  many  years  the  faithful  and  trusted 
correspondent  of  the  Journal,  in  the 
Gilpin  and  Clear  Creek  county  mining 
fields. 

William  D.  Rees,  for  25  years  well 
known  in  the  iron-ore  and  vessel  trades 
at  Cleveland.  Ohio,  died  at  that  city,  July 
22,  aged  63  years.  As  a  young  man  he 
v.as  interested  in  iron  mining  at  Mar- 
quette, Mich.  Mr.  Rees  was  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  president  of  the  Repuolic 
Iron  Company,  whose  iron  mine  on  the 
.Marquette  range  is  historic  in  the  Lake 
Superior  region.  Its  specular  ore  was  the 
standard  of  Lake  ore  values  in  the  early 
days.  The  property  is  now  owned  by 
the  Cambria  Steel  Company.  Mr.  Rees 
was  also  connected  for  a  time  with  the 
Lake  Superior  Iron  Company,  which  in 
1901  was  acquired  by  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation.  The  management  of 
the  Republic  Iron  Company's  ore  and. 
vessel  properties  was  transferred  to  M. 
A.   Hanna   &   Co.   several   years   ago. 

W..  H.  Sweet  died,  July  21,  at  his  home 
in  Saxton,  Penn.,  aged  62  years.  He  was 
one  of  the  best  known  of  the  central 
Pennsylvania  operators  and  was  always 
prominent  in  the  conferences  with  the 
miners"  union.  He  started  to  work  in  the 
Broad  Top  field  when  he  was  11  years 
old,  and  spent  his  entire  life  there.  He 
was  a  good  deal  of  a  philanthropist  and 
gave  liberally  of  his  means  for  educa- 
tional and  religious  objects  in  which  h^ 
-was  interested.  At  the  time  of  his  deattfr 
he  was  vice-president  of  the  Saxton  Na* 
tional  Bank  and  the  Carbon  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  a  director  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Huntingdon,  and  the 
Raystown  Water  Power  Company,  and  a 
trustee  of  Dickinson  Seminary,  of 
Williamsport.  He  will  be  greatly  missed 
by  the   miners  whom   he  employed. 


I 


fam. 


SOClETIES^d'TECHNlCAL  SCHOOLS  i^ 


Association  of  Consulting  Engineers — 
.At  a  meeting  held  in  London,  England, 
July  13,  it  was  resolved  to  form  an  asso- 
ciation of  consulting  engineers,  the  ob- 
ject being  fa)  to  form  a  recognized 
group  of  independent  consultants  who 
would  constitute  a  body  for  the  protec- 
tion of  their  interests  and  the  interests 
of  the  public  generally,  (b)  to  improve 
their  status  and  professional  position.  A 
provisional  committee  was  chosen,  the 
secretary  being  A.  H.  Dykes,  whose  ad- 
dress is  1  Victoria  street,  Westminster, 
S.W.,  London.  England. 


I 


August  t>,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


279 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From     Ovir     Own     Representatives     on 

Important      Events      From      Mai\y      Important 

-J*'      Minintj     Centers    of     the  'World       -^ 


San  Francisco 

Aug.  1-In  view  of  the  temporary 
overproduction  of  oil  in  this  State  and 
the  number  of  oil  producers  not  under 
contract  who  are  looking  for  profitable 
contracts,  a  movement  has  been  started 
by  some  large  consumers  of  oil  around 
Los  Angeles,  to  combine  to  buy  their  oil 
in  bulk  direct  from  these  producers  and 
eliminate  the  "marketer."  It  is  proposed 
to  form  a  company  of  these  large  con- 
sumers and  enter  into  contracts  with 
producers  for  all  the  oil  needed  by  the 
membership  for  a  term  of  years  at  an 
unvarying  price.  By  doing  this  they  will 
not  be  at  the  mercy  of  fluctuations  of  the 
market  and  can  fix  stable  rates  with  their 
patrons.  Quite  a  number  of  large  oil- 
consuming  corporations  are  joining  in  this 
new  movement. 

Another  lot  of  oil  producers  not  con- 
nected with  the  Independent  Producers 
Agencies  are  planning  to  combine  in  order 
to  insure  a  more  stable  market  when  their 
present  contracts  expire.  The  present 
Independent  Producers  Agency  will  not 
agree  to  sell  any  specified  quantity  of 
each  producer's  oil  at  any  fixed  price. 
They  think  that  a  combination  of  pro- 
ducers working  under  a  single  form  of 
contract  for  a  certain  minimum  quantity 
and  a  fixed  price  at  the  well,  will  be  more 
satisfactory  than  the  present  arrange- 
ment, because  they  will  be  independent 
nf  fuctuations  of  the  market  and  will 
know  exactly  what  they  will  receive,  and 
how  much  they  can  sell,  while  the  contract 
lasts.  The  new  .movement  is  expected 
to  result  in  profit  to  those  who  begin  it. 

The  flow  of  the  big  Lakeview  gusher  is 
slowly  but  gradually  diminishing.  In 
the  early  part  of  this  month  it  was  noted 
that  the  flow  had  fallen  from  40,000  to 
32,000  bbl.  per  day,  and  it  is  now  be- 
•ween  ,30,000  and  31,000  bbl.  Nearly  2 
per  cent,  water  is  now  coming  with  the 
oil  but  this  is  supposed  to  be  surface 
water. 

Trouble  is  experienced  on  the  west 
side  of  the  San  Joaquin  Valley  oilfields 
with  claim  jumpers,  some  of  whom  are 
armed.  The  governor  was  appealed  to 
by  some  whose  claims  were  jumped  and 
he  has  assured  them  that  in  case  the 
sheriff  of  the  county  does  not  protect 
ir  property,  he  will  send   soldiers. 

-^iirvevors  have  taken  the  field  to 
make  surveys  for  the  Humboldt  & 
Eastern  Railroad,  which  is  to  connect 
Eureka,  Humboldt  county,  with  either 
R'^dding.  Shasta  county,  or  Red  Bluff, 
Tehamrt  county.  The  activity  began  im- 
mediately on  receipt  of  the  news  that  the 


forest  service  would  sell  a  billion  feet 
of  timber  along  the  proposed  route  at 
$1  per  thousand  feet.  This  new  road  will 
cut  across  Trinity  county,  which  has  at 
present  not  a  single  mile  of  railroad,  but 
has  large  undeveloped  resources.  Its 
completion  should  have  a  marked  effect 
on  the  mineral  resources  of  the  county, 
which  have  always  suffered  from  lack 
of  transportation  facilities,  all  hauling 
having  to  be  done  by  team  and  greatly 
adding  to  expense  of  mining  operations. 

Denver 

Aug.  1 — Interest  continues  unabated  In 
the  new  gold  camp  of  Beshear,  near 
Georgetown,  in  Clear  Creek  county.  Hun- 
dreds of  prospectors  are  said  to  be  at 
work  in  the  new  district,  and  surveyors 
are  busy  running  out  the  lines  of  the 
claims  staked.  Steps  are  being  taken  to 
organize  a  mining  district,  so  that  all 
locators  may  secure  a  "square  deal,"  and 
to  prevent  claim  jumping.  Three  to  five 
inches  of  free-gold  ore  are  said  to  have 
been  discovered  in  the  breast  of  the 
southeast  drift  on  the  Nelson  vein,  owned 
by  the  Bard  Creek  Mining  Company,  at 
a  point  370  ft.  in.  Another  discovery 
is  reported  as  having  been  made  in  the 
Homestake  tunnel,  the  ore  assaying  14 
oz.   gold    and   8   oz.    silver   per   ton. 

.Arrangements  have  been  made  to  blow 
in  the  new  Kuenzel  smeltery  at  Buena 
Vista  soon.  Several  thousand  tons  ot 
crude  ore  and  concentrates  are  on  hand 
at  the  works  awaiting  treatment.  Much 
interest  attaches  to  the  first  run  on  a 
comiriercial  scale  of  this  new  method  of 
ore  reduction. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Aug.  1 — The  Yampa  smeltery,  at  Bing- 
ham, according  to  an  announcement 
made  by  Superintendent  Murphy  to  his 
men,  will  close.  The  plant  has  been 
handling  from  700  to  800  tons  of  ore 
daily,  and  employing  about  200  men, 
one-quarter  of  whom  are  foreigners.  No 
reason  is  given  for  the  closing  down.  The 
mine  will  continue  to  run  and  will  ship 
to  Garfield.  It  is  probable  that  it  has 
been  found  cheaper  to  ship  the  sulphide 
ores  direct  than  to  convert  into  matte  and 
ship   this  product. 

The  "mine-salting"  case  which  has 
been  in  hearing  at  Ogden  recently  has 
been  granted  a  continuance  until  the  de- 
fendant and  his  attorney  decide  on  the 
matter  of  introducing  testimony.  Charles 
Bauer  is  charged  with  "salt'ng"  t'e 
Golden  Rule  mine,  at  the  mouth  of  Og- 
den canon,  with  high-grade  ore,  and  with 


selling  stock  to  several  persons  upon 
representing  to  them  that  samples  of  ore 
which  he  delivered  for  assaying  were 
typical  of  the  ore  in  the  mine.  The  de- 
fendant asked  that  the  court  dismiss  the 
case  on  t;:e  ground  that  the  State  failed 
to  prove  that  the  mine  had  been  "salted" 
by  Bauer,  or  that  the  defendant  had  any 
intention  of  defrauding  those  to  whom 
stock  was  sold.  The  judge  has  refused 
to  dismiss  the  case. 

Much  coal,  petroleum  and  phosphate 
land  in  this  State  has  been  withdrawn 
from  entry  by  order  of  President  Taft. 
Practically  all  the  coal  lands  not  hereto- 
fore classified  were  withdrawn,  but  pro- 
vision is  made  for  agricultural  entry  un- 
der certain  circumstances.  The  petroleum 
withdrawals  are  in  San  .luan.  Iron  and 
Washington  counties,  and  include  most  of 
what  is  known  as  Petroleum  Reserve 
No.  VII.  The  withdrawal  went  into  ef- 
fect July  2.  The  phosphate  lands,  which 
were  also  withdrawn  on  this  date,  em- 
brace several  thousand  acres  in  Rich, 
Morgan   and   Weber  counties. 

Fire  was  started  in  the  Tooele  plant  of 
the  International  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company,  .July  2.S.  The  fire  was  lighted 
by  Governor  Spry  in  the  first  of  the  five 
reverberatory  furnaces.  The  second  re- 
verberatory  furnace  is  practically  com- 
plete, and  the  three  remaining  are  so 
nearly  completed  that  they  will  be  in 
readiness  to  be  blown  in  as  needed.  It 
is  expected  to  have  the  converters  in 
operation  early  in  September.  In  the 
mean  time  the  furnaces  will  be  put  in 
good  working  order,  and  ore  and  matte 
will  be  accumulated.  Trying  out  of  some 
of  the  machinery  is  in  progress. 

Goldfield  "^ 

Aug.  1 — The  control  of  Jumbo  Exten- 
sion has  been  sold.  Thomas  G.  Lock- 
liart,  who  has  been  in  control  since  the 
foundation  of  the  company,  has  sold  his 
entire  block  of  500,000  shares  and  with- 
in a  short  time  the  board  will  be  re- 
organized with  the  new  owners  in  con- 
trol. The  property  includes  two  groups. 
In  Goldfield  are  the  Gold  Wedge,  Pole- 
verde,  Vinegarone  and  Dick  Bland  frac- 
tional claims,  and  in  Diamond  field  are 
the  Gold  Coin,  Saddle  Rock,  Three 
Friends,  Three  Friends  Fraction,  Black 
Butte  No.  I  and  Black  Butte  Fraction, 
in  all  110  acres.  Development  work  to 
date  has  been  done  almost  entirely  by 
leasers,  but  ore  has  been  opened  in  a 
dozen  different  places  and  royalties 
amounting  to  about  .S50,000  have  been 
paid. 

On    the    Vinegarone    ground    possibly 


280 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


$1,000,000  worth  of  ore  is  in  sight, 
which,  according  to  an  agreement  with 
the  Consolidated  company,  is  to  be  mined 
and  milled  by  the  latter  company,  the 
net  profits  to  be  equally  divided.  It  is 
expected  that  the  new  management  will 
order  this  work  done  at  once,  using  the 
income  derived  to  defray  expenses  of 
extensive  operations  planned. 

Butte 

July  29— At  the  adjourned  meeting  of 
Butte  &  Superior  stockholders,  July  21, 
at  Duluth,  the  plan  for  refinancing  the 
company  was  carried  by  a  large  majority. 
A.  M.  Chisholm,  Norman  E.  Lamond  and 
J.  A.  McDonald  filed  a  written  protest 
against  holding  the  meeting  upon  the 
ground  of  illegality  of  the  proceedings 
and  it  is  possible  that  the  matter  will 
be  taken  into  court.  Mr.  Chisholm's  idea 
is  that  instead  of  bond  issue  some  ar- 
rangement should  be  made  with  some 
large  zinc-consuming  concern  by  which 
the  production  would  be  taken  care  of 
and  liabilities  met. 

The  petition  of  the  Monidah  Trust 
Company  for  a  court  order  allowing  it 
to  inspect  the  workings  of  the  Anaconda 
company's  Original  mine  has  been 
granted.  The  Trust  company,  which  owns 
the  Fashion  lode  claim,  adjoining  the 
Original,  alleged  in  its  petition  that  ore 
from  the  Fashion  lode  was  being  mined 
through  the  Original. 


Wallace,  Idaho 

Aug.  1 — Four  hundred  square  miles 
of  land  around  the  head  of  the  St.  Joe 
river,  in  Shoshone  county,  will  be  sur- 
veyed by  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  to 
determine  if  the  land  is  mineral  bearing 
or  non-mineral.  A  force  of  15,  under 
Hoyt  S.  Gale,  of  Washington,  is  here  to 
start  the  survey.  The  land  was  formerly 
part  of  a  Northern  Pacific  railroad  land 
grant,  but  was  declared  mineral  bearing 
in  1905  and  open  to  mining  location. 
Many  prospectors  have  taken  up  lode  and 
placer  claims  on  the  ground.  The  North- 
ern Pacific  company  protested  and  the 
present  survey  is  the  result. 

A  7-mile  lode,  whose  existence  was 
unknown,  has  been  discovered  near  West 
Eagle  creek.  The  lode  is  under  several 
feet  of  dirt  for  the  entire  distance  and 
was  found  by  chance.     It  carries  copper. 

Duluth 
Aug.  1 — Much  exploratory  and  devel- 
opment is  in  progress  in  the  Cuyuna  dis- 
trict in  Minnesota.  The  operations  have 
now  extended  over  a  large  area.  The 
first  producer  is  the  Kennedy  mine  at 
Rabbit  lake,  the  fee  of  which  is  owned 
by  the  Orclands  Mining  Company,  G.  H. 
Crosby  and  William  Harrison.  It  is  four 
miles  northwest  of  Deerwnod  and  3'j 
miles  from  the  new  town  of  Crosby.  The 
Kennedy  is  located  on  the  so  called 
"north    range."      Work    at    this    property 


was  started  by  the  Rogers-Brown  inter- 
ests 2'_.  years  ago.  The  shaft  is  down 
between  300  and  400  ft.  Much  lateral 
development  has  been  carried  on  and 
a  stock  pile  of  some  50,000  Ipns 
of  ore  has  been  accumulated.  The 
Rogers-Brown  lease  calls  for  a  minimum 
production  of  100,000  tons  a  year,  with 
the  property  developed.  The  capacity  of 
the  shaft  is  much  larger  than  this.  Rog- 
ers, Brown  &  Co.  are  developing  a  sec- 
ond mine  in  sec.  2-46-29,  adjacent  to 
the  town  of  Crosby.  The  Orelands  com- 
pany controls  700  acres.  Cuyler  Adams  is 
its  president  The  Brainerd  Mining  Com- 
pany has  900  acres.  This  land  has  been 
leased  to  a  steel  consuming  concern  and 
is  being  explored.  Drills  also  are  at  work 
on  the  properties  of  the  Salisbury  and 
Agate  Lake  Alining  companies.  The  C. 
M.  Hill  Lumber  Company,  of  Saginaw, 
Mich.,  is  exploring  the  Thomas  Feigh 
lands  in  sec.  16-46-29,  and  is  said  to 
have  located  an  extensive  deposit.  Drills 
are,  in  fact,  at  work  in  every  direction  on 
the  Cuyuna.  The  showing  in  general  is 
reported   encouraging. 

The  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation,  which  a 
few  years  ago  penetrated  the  extreme 
western  portion  of  the  Mesaba  iron  range 
with  its  Duluth,  Missabe  &  Northern 
Railroad,  is  preparing  to  enter  the  ex- 
treme eastern  portion  of  the  range  in 
similar  manner.  Its  Duluth  &  Iron  Range 
road,  the  present  terminus  of  which  is 
at  the  Spring  mine,  is  to  be  extended  ten 
miles  or  more  to  the  east.  The  exten- 
sion will  tap  a  large  belt  of  timber  owned 
by  the  Steel  Corporation  and  other  in- 
terests, and  it  also  will  open  considerable 
areas  of  mineral  land.  Much  of  the  min- 
eral lands  are  held  under  option  by 
George  .A.  St.  Clair  and  his  associates. 
These  holdings  aggregate  some  10,000 
acres.  The  lands  will  be  explored,  and 
with  strong  likelihood  that  a  number  of 
mines  will  be  developed.  The  presence 
of  ore  has  long  been  known,  but  on  ac- 
count of  the  inaccessibility  of  the  dis- 
trict very  little  exploratory  work  has  yet 
been  done. 


Cobalt 

Aug.  1 — The  Provincial  government 
will  recommend  to  the  legislature  that 
pemiission  be  given  a  syndicate  to  build 
an  electric  road  to  the  Porcupine  dis- 
trict, to  start  from  near  Matheson.  The 
application  for  the  charter  will  be  sent 
to  the  legislature  in  the  form  of  a  Pri- 
vate Bill  and  the  cabinet  will  recommend 
that  it  be  passed.  In  the  meantime  the 
road  may  be  built.  Work  on  it  will  be 
started  immediately.  The  distance  is  30 
miles.  At  the  present  time  water  trans- 
poitation,  even  by  canoes,  is  becoming 
difficult.  In  order  to  raise  the  water  in 
the  river,  a  dam  was  started.  Work  on 
this  was  stopped  by  an  order  from  the 
Dominion  government  and  an  engineer 
has  been  sent  up  to  look  into  the  matter. 

Samples  of  free-gold  ore  have  recently 


been  brought  in  from  the  country  near 
Fort  Matachewan.  Considerable  staking 
has  already  been  done  and  a  good  deal 
of  work  will  be  accomplished  this  sum- 
mer. Plans  are  under  way  for  the  for- 
mation by  the  Timmins  interests  of  the 
Alpha  Gold  Mining  Company,  with  a 
capital  of  53,000,000,  to  take  over  the 
four  Hollinger  claims.  Rich  ore  is  Ije- 
ing  obtained  at  the  100-ft.  level  of  the 
main  shaft,  where  the  vein  is  10  ft.  wide. 
A  100-ton  mill  is  to  be  constructed. 
Government  returns  for  the  first  half 
of  1010  show  that  two-thirds  of  the  Co- 
balt production  was  treated  in  the  United 
States.  The  distribution  is  as  follows: 
United  States,  9816.70  Ions,  66.13  per 
cent.;  Canada,  4782.63  tons,  32.22  per 
cent.;  England,  153.65  tons,  1  per  cent.; 
Germany,  90.10  tons,  0.65  per  cent.  Not- 
withstandifg  the  much  larger  tonnage 
treated  in  the  United  States,  the  Cana- 
dian smelteries  treated  practically  75  per 
cent,  of  the  total  production  of  silver.  This 
is  due  to  the  fact  that  all  of  them  on  this 
side  of  the  line  handle  only  high-grade 
ore.  Twenty-seven  mines  shipped  ore 
during  the  first   six  months. 


Toronto 

Aug.  1 — The  Canadian  Geological  Sur- 
vey has  received  a  report  from  E.  G. 
McConnell,  who  was  commissioned  to  in- 
vestigate the  alleged  discovery  of  a  moun- 
tain of  gold-bearing  quartz  on  Bitter 
creek,  Stewart,  B.  C,  in  the  Portland 
canal  district.  He  states  that  while  the- 
vein  matter  in  the  mountains  was  abund- 
ant, the  metal  contents  so  far  as  known 
are  so  low  that  it  is  still  doubtful  whether 
they  could  be  extracted  at  a  profit.  The 
ore  occurrences  are,  however,  promising 
enough  to  justify  some  expenditure  in 
exploration.  The  mountain  has  not  been 
thoroughly  prospected,  in  fact  much  of 
it  could  only  be  prospected  with  the  aid 
of  a  balloon. 

Reports  of  rich  discoveries  come  from 
what  is  known  as  the  Cripple  Creek  dis- 
trict lying  west  of  the  Metagami  and  Lost 
rivers,  and  extending  in  a  westerly  di- 
rection as  far  as  a  chain  of  lakes  in  Den- 
ton township,  all  in  unsurvcyed  territory. 
The  first  find  was  made  in  May,  but  later 
discoveries,  which  are  said  to  be  richer, 
have  created  much  excitement  in  Porcu- 
pine and  many  prospectors  are  going  into 
the  district.  A  large  number  of  claims 
have  been  staked.  The  formation  is  de- 
scribed as  being  similar  to  that  of  Porcu- 
pine, schist,  porphyry  and  quartz  running 
into  granite  formation  on  contact.  Most 
of  the  rich  showings  are  from  contact 
veins. 

Preliminary  steps  have  been  taken 
toward  the  formation  of  a  company  to 
develop  an  iron-ore  deposit,  reported  to 
be  of  considerable  extent,  on  the  St. 
Maurice  river,  26  miles  from  Three 
Rivers,  Quebec. 


August  6.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


281 


X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


y 


Reports  of  New  Enterpiisea,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining" 


— t-v-^'j 


Alaska 
Mt.  Andrew — This  iron  and  Coppermine 
continues  to  be  one  of  the  big  producers 
of  the  Ketchikan  district,  the  shipments  to 
date  amounting  to  55,000  tons,  which 
have  gone  to  Ladysmith.  Henry  Ballou, 
superintendent,  has  127  men  at  work. 


Arizona 

Gila  County 

Miami — The  company  has  laid  off  150 
men  from  its  underground  force,  and 
much  of  the  underground  work  has  been 
discontinued.  The  reason  given  for  the 
curtailment  is  that  the  mine  is  already 
in  condition  for  production  on  all  the 
levels  and  sublevels  above  the  420-ft. 
haulage  level.  Stoping  will  be  commenced 
on  the  420-ft.  level.  Rapid  progress  is  be- 
ing made  in  the  construction  of  the  con- 
centrator, and  within  four  or  five  months 
milling   may   be    commenced. 

Globe-Arizona  &  El  Paso — This  copper 
company,  the  new  corporation  which  re- 
cently took  over  20  claims  belonging  to 
the  Dixon  Copper  Company,  9  miles  west 
of  Globe,  has  just  taken  a  bond  and  lease 
on  25  other  claims  belonging  to  Matteo 
Giacoma,  contiguous  to  the  Dixon.  The 
purchase  price  is  75,000  shares  of  stock 
in    the    Globe-Arizona    company. 

Live  Oak — Three  churn  drills  are  at 
work  on  the  property.  The  churn-drill- 
ing program  now  being  carried  out  at 
the  Live  Oak  is  expected  to  block  out, 
in  200-ft.  squares,  the  central  part  of 
the  orebody.  When  the  underground 
work  is  resumed,  drifts  will  be  driven 
along  the  coordinate  lines  on  which  the 
drill  holes  have  been  put  down.  By  fol- 
lowing this  plan,  the  churn  drilling  serves 
to  direct  the  course  of  the  drifting,  and 
the  various  holes  sunk  will  afford  ex- 
cellent ventilation  for  the  underground 
workings. 

II'arr/or--Ore  shipments  are  being 
maintained  at  the  rate  of  80  tons  per  day. 
This  ore  is  shipped  from  the  Miami  ter- 
minal of  the  Arizona  &  Eastern  to  the 
Old  Dominion  smeltery.  The  average  cop- 
per content  is  10  per  cent. 

MoHAVii  County 
The  work  of  the  last  six  months  in  the 
development  of  the  holdings  of  the  U.  S. 
Smelting,  Refining  and  Mining  Company 
in  this  country  is  reported  satisfactory. 
At  the  Banner  and  Champion  drifting  and 
crosscutting  are  being  carried  on  while 
sinking  is  being  continued  at  the  Silver 
Legend,  Bo'an,  Summit,  Twins  and 
Tennessee     At  the  last  named  mine,  the 


new  shaft  has  not  yet  reached  the  vein, 
but  the  milling  ore  in  the  old  workings 
and  on  the  dumps  insure  a  certain  pro- 
duction for  a  long  time.  The  concentrat- 
ing mill,  separators  and  smeltery  addi- 
tions at  Needles,  are  rapidly  nearing 
completion  and  are  expected  to  be  in 
operation  about  the  middle  of  September. 
The  lead   furnace   is  in  commission. 

Ruth  and  Rattan — These  mines  in  the 
Silver  Creek  district  were  sold  to  a 
group  of  easterners  headed  by  E.  B.  Van 
Deman,  of  Jacksonville,  Fla.  The  new 
owners  propose  starting  active  work 
about  Sept.  1.  The  10-stamp  mill 
on  the  river  will  be  moved  on 
the  ground  and  together  with  all 
mine  machinery  will  be  operated  by 
electric  power  from  the  Kingman 
plant,  nnd  a  cyanide  plant  added. 

Marietta — This  company,  at  Chloride, 
has  made  a  shipment  to  Needles.  A 
150-ton  mill  is  planned.  Frank  L.  Rod- 
gers,  of  New  York,  is  president. 

Yuma  County 

Planet — This  Lewisohn  property  has  a 

double-compartment   shaft  down   600    ft., 

and    has    done    1100    ft.    of   drifting.      A 

branch  railroad  from  Parker  is  planned. 


California 

Aaiador  County 

Stowers  &  Allen  have  started  a  tailing 
plant  on  Jackson  creek  to  catch  the  gold 
which  has  been  set  free  by  oxidation  ex- 
tending over  a  period  of  years.  A  new 
plan   is  being  adopted. 

Bunker  Hill — In  the  last  six  months' 
work  of  the  mill  at  this  mine,  Amador 
City,  17,793  tons  of  ore  were  worked  and 
the  average  yield  was  slightly  over  ,S8 
per  ton,  including  gold  from  the  sul- 
phides. 

Calaveras  County 

Utica — This  company,  at  Angels,  is 
completing  a  40-stamp  mill  for  the  Gold 
Cliff  mine. 

Nevada  County 

Lily  Consolidated — This  company  has 
been  incorporated  with  its  principal  place 
of  business  at  Nevada  City.  The  prop- 
erty is  near  the  Mitchell  or  old  Pat  Hall 
ranch.  The  coinpany  which  recently  held 
the  bond  relinquished  it  and  this  new  one 
has  taken  the  ground.  C.  M.  Wilson  and 
P.  C.  Longe  are  among  the  directors. 

Eric — At  this  mine,  Graniteville.  R.  G. 
F.ckis,  manager,  extensive  underground 
development  and  surface  improvements 
are  being  carried  out.  The  mine  has  a 
30-stamp  mill  and  this  is  to  be  enlarged. 
New  concentrators  are  being  put  in. 


Placer  County 

Annie  Laurie — R.  H.  Youiig  is  about  to 
develop  the  shoot  he  struck  in  sinking  the 
shaft  at  this  mine  two  years  ago. 

Big  Dipper— ]rvom  this  old  drift  mine 
at  Iowa  hill,  owned  by  the  McGeachin 
Mining  Company,  J.  E.  Rose,  superin- 
tendent, very  rich  gravel  is  being  taken 
out.  Forty  men  are  at  work  on  the  prop- 
erty. A  number  of  good  strikes  have 
been  made  in  the  Iowa  Hill  section  re- 
cently. 

Shasta  County 
First  National  Copper — The  Shasta 
County  Farmers'  Association,  at  a  meet- 
ing July  30,  came  to  an  agrjement  to 
demand  that  the  Balaklala  smeltery  be 
closed.  Manager  White  has  been  granted 
until  Aug.  2  to  finish  matters  on  hand 
preparatory  to  a  shutdown  until  October, 
or  until  the  completion  of  the  Cottrell 
process  designed  to  correct  fume 
troubles.  The  company  will  accede  to 
the  demands  of  the  farmers. 

Sierra  County 

Bullion — Charles  R.  Thompson,  who 
has  a  bond  on  this  inine  west  of  Sierra 
City,  has  put  on  two  shifts. 

French — In  this  gravel  mire  near  How- 
land  Flat.  S.  Featherstone  h?s  made  an 
excellent  strike. 

Standard — New  machinery  has  been 
placed  on  this  mine  in  Sailor  Ravine, 
near  Downicville,  for  deeper  sinking. 
High-grade  ore  is  being  sacked  and 
shipped. 

Sovereign — A  new  vein  has  been  found 
in  this  property  at  Ladies  Canon,  near 
Downieville.    It  is  on  the  Helen  location. 

Blue  Channel  —  The  gravel  being 
washed  from  this  claim  at  Bunker  Hill 
is  taken  from  the  rim  of  the  channel. 
The  main  tunnel  is  being  run  ahead 
through  lava. 

Gladstone — A  double  force  of  men  has 
been  set  at  work  on  the  rich  vein  re- 
cently uncovered  in  this  mine.  C.  M. 
Root,  manager. 

Sixteen-to-One — Work  has  been  re- 
sumed on  this  mine  at  Alleghany,  under 
management  of  H.  L.  Johnson,  of  the 
Tightner  mine.  J.  G.  Binning  is  super- 
intendent. The  mine  has  been  idle  on 
account  of  litigation,  but  difficulties  have 
now  been  arranged. 

Siskiyou   County 
Dun  &  Vanderlip — A  hydraulic  eleva- 
tor  is   being   installed    at   this   mine,   at 
Scott  Bar. 

Red  Ant — This  inine,  near  the  Mono, 


282 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6.   1910. 


owned  by  Alex  Rosborough,  is  now  ship- 
ping to  the   mill  at  Yreka. 

R'.ack  Bear — Twenty  men  are  now  at 
work  on  this  mine,  under  supervision  of 
John  Daggett,  and  one  of  the  old  shafts 
is  being  cleaned  out  preparatory  to  pros- 
pecting. 

Northern  California  Dredging  Com- 
pany— This  company  has  installed  an 
"orange  peel"  dredge  at  the  upper  end 
of  the  dredge  at  Hamburg,  to  loosen  up 
gravel  and  remove  large  rocks. 

Pluto — At  this  property,  Snowden,  Rus- 
sian creek  district,  the  work  on  the  Home- 
stake  is  being  carried  on.  under  supervis- 
ion of  John  F.  Boyle.  High-grade  ore 
is  being  sent  to  the   mill. 

Trin'ity   County 

Wagner — After  a  period  of  idleness 
this  mine,  near  Carrville,  has  resumed 
operations  and  the  tunnel  is  being  ex- 
tended. 

Dorleska — This  mine,  under  lease  to 
M.  W.  Mcllwaine,  at  Dorleska,  recently 
showed  up  good  ore  in  a  new-  section. 
The  mill  is  being  operated  on  ore  from 
the  old  dumps  at  a  profit.  A  crosscut 
from  the  tunnel  to  the  old  Prescenti 
works  is  planned. 

Headlight — At  this  property,  Carrville, 
owned  by  the  Trinity  Mining  and  Reduc- 
tion Company,  it  is  intended  to  add  60 
stamps  to  the  present  40-stamp  mill.  The 
orebody  is  about  90  ft.  wide.  A  9000- ft. 
ditch  is  nearly  finished,  and  in  this  a 
wooden  flume  will  be  laid.  David  Good- 
ale  is  manager. 


Colorado 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 

California — This  old  mine  on  Quartz 
hill,  the  deepest  in  the  district  (2200  ft.), 
■will  be  connected  with  the  Newhouse 
tunnel  to  drain  it. 

Mint  and  New  System — These  Empire 
properties  will  be  consolidated.  A  10- 
stamp  mill  has  been  started  at  the  Mint. 
Robert  Temple  is  in  charge  of  the  sink- 
ing of  a  500- ft.  shaft.  Frank  Straub  is 
manager. 

Neptune — Active  work  has  been  started 
on  this  Fall  River  property,  by  C.  F. 
Cabeen.  An  electric  hoist  will  be  in- 
stalled. 

Lake   County — Leadville 
Ella  Beeler — The  new  building  on  this 
property  is  nearly  completed,  and  under- 
ground work  will  be  started  soon. 

Helena — In  about  10  days  the  shaft 
on  this  claim  should  be  drained,  the 
water  now  being  below  the  300-ft.  level. 
The  guides  for  the  cage  are  being  placed 
as  fast  as  the  water  recedes,  so  active 
work  can  be  started  at  once  when  the 
shaft  is  drained. 

Penn — This  property  is  shipping  from 
4000  to  5000  tons  per  month;  it  is  being 
operated  by  several  sets  of  lessees. 


Castle  View — This  mine,  under  lease  to 
Nicholson,  Keeler  &  Swanson,  is  shipping 
from  50  to  100  tons  of  ore  daily  to  the 
smeltery. 

Geld  Basin — This  mine,  down  the 
gulch  from  the  Ibex,  is  shipping  about 
300  tons  per  month  of  ore  carrying  g'old 
and  silver. 

Miller — Surveyors  are  at  work  in  Lack- 
awanna gulch  on  the  site  of  the  20-stamp 
mill  to  be  erected  by  this  company.  Ar- 
rangements are  also  being  made  for  the 
early  installation  of  the  aerial- tramway 
from  mine  to  mill. 

Fanny  Rawlins — The  shaft  on  the 
tiorth  end  of  this  property,  recently 
leased  to  the  St.  Louis  Tunnel  people, 
has  been  unwatered,  and  the  work  of 
sinking  another  lift  of  75  ft.  is  under 
way. 

Saguache   County 

Gold  Hill  United  Mines — The  company 
has  been  listed  on  the  New  York  Curb; 
capital,  S2,000,000  (par  $1),  of  which 
51,800.000  is  outstanding  and  the  balance 
in  the  treasury.  Thomas  K.  Ober,  of 
Philadelphia,    is   president. 

San    Juan    District 

Barstow — It  is  reported  that  this  prop- 
erty, Ouray  county,  is  to  be  reopened,  af- 
ter an  idleness  of  several  years.  The 
property  is  extensively  developed  and 
in  the  past  produced  150  tons  of  ore 
per  day. 

Red  Mountain — An  Eastern  mining  en- 
gineer is  examining  the  properties  of  this 
concern  in  Oura>'  county,  but  whether  for 
intending  purchasers  or  present  stocK- 
holders,  it  is  not  know-n.  The  company 
has  paid  off  some  of  its  creditors  lately, 
and  this  is  taken  as  an  evidence  of  the 
early  starting  up  of  operations. 

Wanakah — The  upper  terminal  of  the 
tramway  has  been  completed  and  work  is 
now  under  way  on  the  lower,  at  the 
American  Nettie  mill,  at  Ouray,  which 
is  being  overhauled  to  treat  the  ore  from 
the  Black  Diamond  and  Ironclad  mines. 
A  large  ore  reserve  has  been  created,  it 
is  said,  and  is  awaiting  the  completion 
of  work  on  tramway  and  mill. 

Carbonate  Queen — The  owner  of  this 
property,  near  Ironton,  is  renorted  to 
have  made  a  strike  of  12  in.  of  ore  with- 
in 50  ft.  of  the  surface,  carrying  60  oz. 
silver  and  40  per  cent.  lead. 

Frisco — At  a  meeting  of  the  share- 
holders in  Pittsburg,  financial  arrange- 
ments were  effected  whereby  the  prop- 
erty, located  near  Animas  Forks,  San 
Juan  county,  will  be  reopened  and 
worked  during  the  coming  winter.  Im- 
mense bodies  of  low-grade  ore  are  said 
to  have  been  exposed  by  the  Bagley  tun- 
nel, the  principal  working,  but  a  mill 
will  not  be  built  until  the  continuity  of 
the  orebodies  is  proved  by  this  further 
development  work.  Charles  Gagner,  who 


was  in  charge  when  work  was  suspended 
over  a  year  ago,  and  lately  on  the  Gold 
King,  will   be  mine   manager. 

Rerenue — It  is  said  that  this  property, 
at  Ouray,  is  steadily  increasing  its  out- 
put under  the  gradual  addition  being 
made  to  its  working  force,  and  has  now 
become  one  of  the  foremost  gold  pro- 
ducers of  Ouray  county. 

Atlas — \X'ithin  a  short  time  this  mine, 
at  Ouray,  is  expected  to  produce  suf- 
ficient ore  to  keep  the  mill  in  operation 
24  hours  per  diem.  Connection  with  the 
San  Pedro  w'orkings  will  be  made  soon, 
affording  good  ventilation  in  additiori  to 
rendering  available  a  large  ore  reserve. 

Calliope — A  strike  of  copper-silver  ore 
is  reported  as  having  been  made  in  this 
old-time   producer,   at   Ouray. 

Camp  Bird — The  June  returns  are: 
Crushed  7070  tons,  yielding  6858  oz.  of 
bullion  and  773  tons  concentrates;  cash 
receipts,  .'^175,055;  expenses,  861,718, 
leaving  net  operating  profit,  SI  13,337. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Isabella — Machinery  has  been  pur- 
chased and  is  being  installed  at  the  Em- 
pire State  shaft,  to  replace  the  plant  de- 
stroyed recently.  This  property  is  being 
operated  under  lease  to  the  Western  In- 
vestment  Company. 

Millionaire — This  name  has  been  given 
to  a  three-quarter  acre  fraction  just  dis- 
covered and  staked,  located  on  Bull  hill, 
between  the  Acacia  and  Isabella  proper- 
ties. 

Anchoria-Leland — It  is  rumored  that 
the  management  is  considering  the  erec- 
tion of  a  mill  at  the  property  on  Gold 
hill.  Cripple  Creek,  to  treat  its  low-grade 
ore  by  the  so  called  Portland  process,  or 
else  to  arrange  for  the  treatment  of  this 
ore  at  the  new  Portland  mill,  on  Battle 
mountain.  The  properties  have  been 
worked  lately  under  the  leasing  system, 
but  now  the  deep-drainage  tunnel  is 
nearing  completion,  by  which  means  it  is 
expected  the  lower  workings  will  be 
drained,  resumption  of  work  on  compatiy 
account  is  contemplated,  at  least  at  the 
deeper  levels. 

Golden  Cycle — It  is  rumored  that  H. 
D.  Muir,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  has  com- 
pleted his  examination  of  the  mine  for 
the  parties  holding  the  option  of  pur- 
chase. 

Nellie  V. — After  having  been  idle  for 
several  months,  this  mine,  in  Squaw 
mountain,  is  again  preparing  a  shipment 
of  high-grade  ore,  it  is  said.  The  past 
production  is  about  S80,000,  some  ore 
yielding  over  SHOO  per  ton  having  been 
shipped. 

Black  Bc/?e— Sub-lessees  of  the  Union 
Leasing  Company  have  made  a  shipment 
from  the  shoot  recently  encountered  at 
the  350-ft.  level  of  the  south  shaft,  the 
ore  being  sylvanite,  and  of  2-  to  3-oz. 
grade. 


August  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


283 


Idaho 

CozuR  d'Alene  District 

Missoula  Copper — The  west  drift  has 
followed  the  ore  for  20  ft.  since  the 
strike  was  made  and  3  ft.  of  copper  ore 
is  showing.     In  with  the  copper  is  galena. 

Reiniccr — The  first  shipments  of  cop- 
per ore  have  been  sent  to  the  Tacoma 
smeltery.  The  mine  has  opened  up  large 
bodies  of  shipping  and  milling  copper  ore 
during  the   last   four  months. 

Snow  Storm — This  company,  owning 
the  only  dividend-paying  copper  mine  in 
the  Coeur  d'Alene,  has  held  its  annual 
meeting  and  elected  officers  as  follows: 
T.  L.  Greenough,  of  Missoula,  Mont., 
president;  J.  B.  Greenough,  of  Spokane. 
Wash.,  vice-president;  C.  A.  Mowry,  of 
Larson,  Ida.,  secretary;  H.  E.  Cheney,  of 
Missoula,  treasurer;  I.  T.  Hosey,  of 
Phoenix,  Ariz.,  J.  H.  Howard,  of  Raw- 
hide, Nev.,  and  J.  C.  Broad,  of  Spokane, 
directors. 

Caledonia — The  payment  of  dividends 
has  been  stopped  by  this  new  lead-silver 
producer  until  the  treasury  surplus  is 
sufficient  to  finance  the  driving  of  a  3000- 
ft.  tunnel  and  the  construction  of  a  mill, 
both  of  which  are  expected  to  be  com- 
pleted early  next  summer.  The  company 
has  paid  thr^e  dividends,  amounting  to 
S52,100,  since  becoming  a  producer  last 
spring. 

Idaho   County 

Del  Rio — Advices  from  Stites  are  that 
negotiations  are  under  way  between  a 
French  syndicate  and  John  Massam,  of 
Klk  City,  for  the  purchase  of  the  Del  Rio 
mine,  on  American  river,  near  Elk  City. 
Adolph  Chalas,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
Louis  Vanzac,  of  Paris,  with  W.  T.  Bird- 
sall,  of  Spokane,  have  been  at  the  proper- 
ty making    an    examination. 

Shoshonk  County 

Nabob — Harvev  M.  Ross,  manager  of 
this  mine,  near  Kellogg,  reports  that  all 
the  machinery  has  been  installed  and 
that  work  nn  the  tunnel  will  be  resumed. 
The  shaft  is  at  Mh  ft.,  with  drifts  from 
the   100-,  200-,  and  300-ft.  levels. 

Kansas 
Tiawagh — The  mill  of  this  company  at 
Galena   was  blown   down   by   the    recent 
storm.     This  mill  was  moved  to  the  mine 
from   Miami. 

Eureka — A.  O.  Ihlseng  has  disposed  of 
his  holdings  in  this  company  and  given 
up  the  management,  and  has  been  suc- 
ceeded by  Robert  Ping,  of  Galena.  The 
operation  of  this  mine  is  anxiously 
awaited  by  the  entire  district  as  it  is  the 
first  real  development  in  the  Kinderhook 
ore  beds. 

Kentucky 

Bell  County 
Asher    Coal    Mining    Company — This 
new    company,    at    Wasioto.    has    begun 
work  on  the  development  of  30,000  acres 


of  coal  which  it  owns.  It  is  at  present 
shipping  three  cars  per  day.  L.  A.  Os- 
born,  of  Wasioto,  is  engineering  in  charge 
of  construction.  Officers  of  the  com- 
pany are  T.  J.  Asher,  president;  H.  H. 
Asher,  vice-president;  Robert  Asher,  sec- 
retary and  treasurer. 

Woodford  County 
Central  Kentucky  Phosphate  Company 
— This  company  has  been  organized  at 
Lexington,  to  develop  mineral  de- 
posits in  the  vicinity  of  Versailles.  Its 
incorporators  are  E.  C.  Bowman,  Win- 
ston-Salem, N.  C. ;  W.  B.  Alexander  and 
L.  H.  Baker,  Birmingham,  Ala.,  A.  B. 
Rumley,   of   Kankakee,   111. 


Michigan 
Copper 

Winona — This  company  has  called  an 
assessment  of  SI  per  share,  payable  .Aug. 
9,  to  pay  for  its  half  of  the  stamp  mill 
tnat  is  being  erected  jointly  by  this  and 
the  King  Phillip  ompany.  There  have 
been  several  dela\s  in  the  delivery  of 
the  machine  for  this  mill,  and  as  a  result 
i:  is  not  likely  that  it  will  be  ready  until 
near  the  end  of  the  year. 

Contact — The  company  has  mo^ed  its 
drills  to  1500  ft.  northwest  of  the  No.  I 
hole,  which  was  in  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  tract  and  was  driven  into  the  sand- 
stone for  500  feet. 

Ahmeck—ne  drill  at  the  900-ft.  sta- 
tion of  the  new  Nos.  3  and  4  shafts  has 
cut  the  Kearsarge  lode  at  200  ft.  down. 
The  lode  was  found  in  place,  of  aver- 
age width  and  well  mineralized.  These 
two  shafts  are  down  960  feet. 

Isle  Royale — A  crosscut  eastward  from 
the  700-ft.  level  of  "A"  shaft  has  exposed 
a  copper-bearing  amygdaloid  lode,  but 
as  yet  it  has  not  been  opened  to  deter- 
mine its  extent  or  worth.  Work  on  the 
Isle  Royale  lode  at  the  main  property 
continues  on  a  limited  scale  and  with 
paying   results. 

Franklin — The  company  has  discon- 
tinued all  drill  work  in  search  for  the 
Hancock  lodes,  without  results.  The  drift 
from  the  fifteenth  level,  between  No.  1 
and  No.  3  shafts,  has  been  holed  through. 
This  will  afford  much  improved  ventila- 
tion and  greatly  facilitate  the  under- 
ground work. 

White  Pine^Jhis  Calumet  &  Hecla 
property,  in  Ontonagon  county,  has  en- 
countered cop[  ?r  sulphide  and  red  oxide. 
The  company  is  sinking  a  vertical  shaft 
to  open  up  lodes  proved  by  dia- 
mond drilling.  The  discovery  of  sul- 
phide and  oxide  ore  was  made  in  a  later- 
al extended  from  this  shaft.  The  ore  is 
of  a  diflerent  character  from  that  at 
Algomah,  the  latter  being  black  oxide  and 
chrysocolla. 

Lafayette — Engineers  are  examining 
the  property  in  the  Porcupine  mountains 
of  Ontonagon  county.  It  was  bought 
some    time    ago    by    the    Copper    Crown 


Mining  Company,  of  St.  Louis,  which  had 
previously  acquired  the  Norwich,  Hamil- 
ton and  other  properties  in  Ontonagon 
county.  Later  the  l.aFayette  was  sold  by 
Copper  Crown  to  Milwaukee  interests, 
*ho  are  now  having  the  examination 
made.  There  is  possibility  of  work  be- 
ing undertaken  there  later. 
Iron 

A  prospective  producer  on  the  Gogebic 
range  is  one  that  Ferdinand  Schlesingei, 
of  Milwaukee,  operator  of  the  Newport 
mine  at  Ironwood,  plans  to  open  to  the 
north  of  the  Palms  property,  in  the  Bes- 
semer district.  The  tract  consists  of 
eighty  acres  and  is  owned  in  fee  by  the 
County  of  Houghton.  Exploratory  work 
has  been  in  progress  with  such  satis- 
factory results  that  the  Schlesinger  inter- 
ests have  leased  the  property  and  have 
agreed  to  expend  S250,000  in  its  develop- 
ment within  the  next  five  years.  Opera- 
tions at  the  Graham  Nut  and  Bolt  Com- 
pany exploration  at  the  Catherine,  Michi- 
ganime  district  of  the  Marquette  range, 
have  been  hampered  latterly  on  account 
of  the  destruction  of  the  engine  house  by 
fire.  A  similar  loss  has  been  sustained 
by  the  Independent  Iron  Company  at  the 
Spencer  property,  near  Iron  Mountain, 
Menominee  range.  Both  structures  are 
being  rebuilt. 

The  New  York  State  Steel  Company  is 
preparing  to  open  two  new  mines  in  the 
Iron  River  district,  at  the  western  end  of 
the  Menominee  range.  These  are  the 
Gleason  property,  in  sec.  23-43-35,  and 
the  Goodman,  in  sec.  14-43-35.  The 
tracts  are  a  short  distance  north  of  Iron 
river  and  near  the  St.  James  mine.  Ex- 
ploratory work  has  been  in  progress  for  a 
considerable  time  and  large  deposits 
have  been  found.  The  sinking  of  perma- 
nent shafts  will  be  started  soon. 

Minnesota 

North  American — The  concrete  shaft  at 
Tower  being  sunk  by  the  Foundation 
Company  is  down  60  ft.  and  progressing 
nicely. 

Fort  Henry — The  concrete  circular 
shaft  of  the  Woodbridge  mine,  of  this 
company,  at  Buhl,  is  bottomed  on  ore 
and  is  being  resealed 

Section  30 — This  company,  at  Ely,  in- 
stalled a  Corliss  compressor  and  other 
equipment. 

Chandler — This  mine,  at  Ely,  formerly 
operated  by  the  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Com- 
pany, is  being  reopened  by  private  capital- 
ists. The  mine  has  been  idle  about  si.'c 
years. 


Missouri 
Newata — This  company  has  bought  the 
20-acre  lease  on  the  Baker  land  at  Duen- 
weg  from  Mrs.  D.  V.  Scholl.  The  mine 
is  in  sheet  formation  at  240  ft.  depth 
and  a  15-ft.  face  of  ore  has  been  demon- 
strated. A  2.='0-ton  mill  tvill  be  built. 
W.  N.  Squires,  of  Joplin,  is  manager. 


284 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  6.   1910. 


f  s.  &  J. — This  company  has  secured 
the  mill  of  the  Brazos  Mining  Company 
on  the  Carter  land,  northwest  of  Webb 
City,  and  will  move  it  to  its  mine  near 
the   Quick   Seven,  at   Neck   City. 

Spring  City — Arthur  Scott  has  made  a 
rich  drill  strike  on  the  Zeta  land  at  Spring 
City,  east  of  the  Delta.  The  drill  went 
into  the  ore  at  168  ft.  and  encountered 
about   10   ft.  of  lead   and  zinc. 

Tri-State  Mining  Company — This  com- 
pany, capitalized  at  5600,000,  has  been 
organized  to  develop  lead  and  zinc  de- 
posits near  Hollister  in  Taney  county. 


Montana 

A  telegram  from  Butte  Aug.  2  says: 
"Officials  of  the  Butte  Miners  Union  as- 
sert that  2000  men  have  been  laid  off 
from  underground,  and  the  reduction  in 
output  aggregates  3000  tons  per  day.  The 
Parrot  and  Neversweat  of  Anaconda,  and 
the  Rarus  of  Butte  Coalition  arc  sh-U 
down,  and  it  is  expected  that  further  cur- 
tailment will  be  immediately  broug'.-.t 
about." 

Broadwater  County 
J.  J.  Goodman  has  recently  shipped 
a  .BOrton  car  from  the  Cynosure  claim, 
eight  miles  from  Winston,  to  East  Helena. 
The  claim  is  developed  by  a  tunnel  180 
ft.  long  and  an  80-ft.  raise  from  the 
tunnel  level  to  the  surface.  In  Iron  Age 
gulch,  Charles  S.  MuRley  has  been  ship- 
ping from  his  property  for  some  time, 
but  owing  to  litigation  the  present  ship- 
ment will  be  the  last  for  a  while.  Charles 
Clark,  who  owns  a  claim  adjoining  the 
Muffley  property,  has  enjoined  the  fur- 
ther working  of  the  Muffley  property, 
claiming  that  the  orebodies  in  contro- 
versy belong  to  him. 

Broad:vafer — The  company  is  operating 
seven  quartz  claims  about  4 '-2  miles  west 
of  Townsend.  The  shaft  is  now  down  60 
ft.  on  the  vein,  which  assays  gold  and 
copper. 

Granite  County 
In  the  Princeton  district,  Arthur  V. 
Corry  is  erecting  a  cyanide  plant  at  the 
Sunday  mine,  which  will  soon  be  com- 
pleted. A  shipment  has  recently  been 
made.  Otto  l.indquist  has  made  a  ship- 
ment from  the  Royal  mine,  working  under 
lease.  At  the  Northern  Bell,  C.  W. 
Tyrer  intends  to  install  a  steam  hoist. 
In  the  Frog  Pond  basin,  above  the  Moose 
Lake  district,  Frank  Lutz  has  run  a  250- 
ft.  tunnel  on  his  property  and  has  cut 
a  vein  4  ft.  wide.  The  presence  of  sur- 
veyors in  the  neighborhood  would  indi- 
cate that  the  Northern  Pacific  railway 
is  planning  a  branch  into  the  Moose  Lake 
district. 

Jefferson   County 
Boston  Cr  AUa-^On  the  665- ft.  level, 
.'=-60    ft.    from    the    shaft,    the    old    Alta 
vein    has   been   cut   and    after   crosscut- 
ting   15  ft.  the  hanging-wall  has  not  yet 


been  reached.  This  is  100  ft.  below  the 
old  workings.  When  the  vein  has  been 
crosscut  north  and  south  drifting  will  be 
begun.  Manager  Hewett  states  that  the 
vein  contains  gold,  silver  and  copper  ore. 
Assets — This  gold  property  is  near  Jef- 
ferson City  at  the  base  of  the  Elkhorn 
mountain  and  comprise  14  claims.  Con- 
siderable excitement  has  been  caused  by 
the  recent  strike  of  ore,  assaying  S58,000 
to  the  ton  on  the  Yellow  Jacket  claim. 
The  claims  are  being  worked  by  a  cross- 
cut tunnel  in  400  ft.  which  will  be  con- 
tinued another   1000  ft. 

Lincoln  County 
Victor-Empire  —l\\e  stock  has  been 
made  assessable.  Work  has  been  begun 
repairing  the  fiume,  800  ft.  of  which  was 
washed  out  this  spring  and  500  ft. 
has  been  rebuilt.  When  this  has  been 
completed  the  tunnel,  now  in  805  ft.,  will 
be  driven  another  additional  500  ft.,  to 
cut  the  orebody  discovered  at  the  surface. 

Powell  County 
Elliston — Operations  on  this  copper 
property  are  being  carried  on  steadily, 
although  no  shipments  are  being  made. 
A  lead  of  from  65  to  70  ft.  wide  has  been 
cut.  The  directors  are  considering  the 
construction  of  a  railway  to  the  property. 

Nevada 

Esmeralda  County 
Goldficid  Consolidated— N\\n  Superin- 
tendent Hutchinson  is  making  prelimin- 
ary tests  on  an  experimental  blast  fur- 
nace, modeled  after  the  furnace  which 
will  probably  be  installed  in  the  new  re- 
finery. The  tentative  plan  is  to  briquet 
the  cyanide  precipitates,  charge  in  the 
blast  furnace  with  litharge  and  coke,  and 
finally  cupel  the  base  bullion  before  ship- 
ment. Grading  has  been  started  on  the 
new  refinery  site  about  100  yd.  from 
the  mine  proper,  and  as  soon  as  the  de- 
tails of  the  plant  are  decided  upon,  the 
construction  will  be  rushed  to  comple- 
tion. 

Nevada  Eagle — Ore  broken  in  explora- 
tion from  the  250-ft.  level  is  being  ex- 
tracted  preparatory   to   shipment. 

Florence — A.  D.  Parker,  of  Denver, 
formerly  vice-president,  has  assumed  the 
presidency  of  the  company  and  will  here- 
after devote  more  of  his  time  to  Florence 
affairs.  During  his  visit  to  Goldfield,  Mr. 
Parker  thoroughly  examined  the  proper- 
ty and  expresses  himself  as  being,  satis- 
fied with  the  situation.  A  thorough 
sampling  of  the  tailings  dump  shows  an 
average  of  SI. 31  per  ton,  and  with  op- 
erating; expenses  totaling  less  than  S8,  a 
comparativelv  low  grade  of  ore  can  be 
handled  at   a  profit. 

Lincoln  County 
niiple.x-  -The  option  held  by  the  Home- 
stead company  on  the   Searchlight  prop- 
erty   has    lapsed    and    the    owner,    C.    F. 
Colfon,  will  undertake  development. 


Nye  Counti" 
Tonopah-Belmoni—The  June  report 
shows:  1236  tons  shipped  to  smeltery; 
6157  tons  milled;  total  value,  5276,434; 
net  profit,  5151,765.  The  main  Beimont 
vein,  which  is  producing  the  greater  part 
of  this  rich  ore,  has  now  been  proved  for 
nearly  700  ft.  on  its  strike,  and  400  on 
the  dip  with  an  average  width  of  15  ft. 
To  date  practically  no  sloping  has  been 
started  on  the  vein. 

Tonopah — During  June,  15,023  tons  of 
ore  were  crushed  and  treated,  with  a  re- 
ported extraction  of  91.2  per  cent.  The 
ore  averaged  0.347  o:.  gold  and  30.44  oz. 
silver,  or  ,S23.45  per  ton. 

MacNamara  —  Diamond-drill  work 
from  the  800- ft.  level  has  commenced. 
Pioneer — Water  shortage  has  curtailed 
milling  operations;  only  60  tons  are 
treated  daily  and  an  extraction  of  96.5 
per  cent,  reported. 

Tramp  Consolidated — The  most  impor- 
tant development  in  the  Bullfrog  district 
for  many  months  is  the  work  being  done 
below  the  Bonanza  Mountain  fault  by 
the  Eclipse  lease,  on  Tramp  Consolidated 
ground.  The  continuity  of  the  oreshoots 
at  present  being  worked  seems  to  be 
established  about  125  ft.  lower  down. 

Round  Mountain — A  new  and  appar- 
ently distinct  orebody  has  been  exposed 
at  300  ft.  and  at  a  distance  of  240  ft. 
from  the  main  vein. 

White  Pine  County 
Girnux — The  work  of  sinking  the  new 
five-compartment  shaft  below  the  1200- 
ft.  level  has  been  resumed.  At  the  1400- 
ft.  level,  when  reached,  another  pumping 
station  will  he  cut  and  a  600-gal.  pump 
will  be  installed.  As  soon  as  the  pumps 
are  installed  in  the  station  now  bemg 
completed  at  the  1200- ft.  level,  a  cross- 
cut will  be  started  toward  the  Alpha 
workings,  about  750  ft.  distant. 

Nevada  Consolidated — Construction  on 
the  fifth  reverberatory  furnace  at  the 
McGill  plant  of  the  Steptoe  company  is 
being  rushed  and  the  furnace  will  prob- 
ably be  blown  in  during  August.  The 
furnace  is  the  same  size  as  the  four  al- 
ready in  use,  112  ft.  by  19  ft.,  and  will 
have  a  rated  capacity  of  250  tons  of 
calcines  per  day. 


New  Mexico 

Grant  County 

Savanna — It  is  reported  that  the  Rio 
Tinto  Copper  Company,  of  Cleveland, 
has  acquired  control  under  90-day  op- 
tion of  the  large  holdings  of  this  com- 
pany in  the  Pinos  Altos  mountains,  nine 
miles  north  of  Silver  City.  The  Rio 
Tinto  company  is  also  largely  interested 
in  Mexico,  and  is  controlled  by  the  Corri- 
gan-McKinney  interests. 

Mangas — This  development  company, 
financed  by  Michigan  capital,  has  tem- 
porarily suspended  exploratory  work. 
This   action   was   influenced   by   the   con- 


August  6,  1910. 


IHE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


285 


dition  of  the  stock  market  and  as  soon 
as  market  conditions  i:iiprove,  work  will 
be  resumed  on  a  larger  scale.  The  ex- 
ploration is  being  done  by  churn  drilling, 
the  company  having  on  the  ground  two 
No.  6  Cyclone  and  one  No.  25  Star  drill- 
ing machines.  A  number  of  holes 
showed  considerable  copper-bearing 
ground,  but  the  most  promising  ground, 
as  far  as  surface  indications  show,  has 
not  yet  been  drilled.  The  company  owns 
in  fee  and  controls  under  option  about 
2300  acres.  H.  A.  Linke  is  superin- 
tendent. 

American  Exploration  and  Mining 
Company — The  company  is  building  a 
50-ton  mill  and  mine  equipment  at  Steeple 
Rock.  W.  Franklin  Burnham,  of  Bos- 
ton, is  manager. 

SCCORRO   COUUNTY 

Deadti'ood — Contract  has  been  let  for 
lumber  for  the  mill,  grading  for  which 
has  started.  The  initial  installation  is 
designed  to  treat  50  tons  daily.  Mine 
work  and  shaft  sinking  continue  with  a 
full  crew. 

Helen — The  power  plant  will  be  ready 
frr  operation  soon,  and  machine  drills 
will  be  started. 


Ohio 

Belmont  County 

Kcnnon  Coal  and  Mining  Company — 
The  power  plant  of  this  company,  at 
Flushing,  in  Belmont  county,  was  burned 
down  last  week,  making  almost  a  total 
loss.  The  company  has  its  office  in 
Cleveland,  and  will  rebuild  at  once. 

Purseglove  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany has  purchased  from  A.  Y.  Malcom- 
son,  of  Detroit,  over  1000  acres  of  Pitts- 
burg No.  8  coal  at  Stewartsville,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  eight  miles 
west  of  Bellaire.  This  consideration  is 
SISO.OOO.  The  comp,iny  will  start  work 
on  a  steel  tipple  and  power  house.  Over 
400  men  will  be  employed. 

Oklahoma 

Natural  gas  is  being  piped  into  Miami 
and  the  mines  by  another  company  than 
the  Quapaw  Gas  Company.  This  com- 
pany is  piping  gas  through  the  camp  but 
is  not  allowed  by  the  peculiar  Oklahoma 
laws  to  sell  any  in  the  State  of  Oklahoma. 

Carson-Dndson  -L.  C.  Church  is  mov- 
ing the  Hdna  Ray  mill  from  the  southern 
part  of  (he  Miami  camp  to  the  extreme 
north  where  he  will  erect  it  on  this  lease. 
The  mine  is  opened  to  230  ft.  and  the  ore 
Is  high  grade — not  containing  bitumen 
and  iron  as  does  the  ore  from  the  south 
end   of  the   camp. 

Pennsylvania 

Bituminous   Coal 

The   Pennsylvania   and   the    New   York 

Central  railroads  have  arranged  to  build 

jointly  a  branch  from  Clymer  to  Homer 

and    thence    across    to    the    Conemaugh 


river;  also  a  line  from  Cresson  to  Vin- 
tondale.  These  branches  will  open  up  the 
Dixon's  run,  Twolick  and  Blacklick  coal- 
fields, where  some  large  tracts  of  coal 
have  lately  been  bought  by  New  York 
and   Philadelphia  operators. 

Qiiemcthoning  CorJ  Company — This 
company  lately  bought  3000  acres  of  coal 
at  Husband,  near  Somerset,  and  has  be- 
gun work  on  its  development.  A  shaft 
is  being  sunk  near  Husband.  A  large 
tipple  will  be  built  and  will  convey  the 
coal  from  the  pit  mouth  to  a  spur  which 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  will  construct  to 
connect  this  mine  with  the  new  coal  road 
now  in  construction. 


Utah 
To  meet  the  demands  put  upon  the 
Garfield  plant  of  the  American  Smelting 
and  Refining  Company  by  t^le  enormous 
output  of  the  Utah  Copper  Company,  the 
plant  will  be  enlarged  immediately.  New 
reverberatory  furnaces  will  be  installed 
and  a  number  of  additions  made  to  the 
equipment,  including  a  new  stack  350  ft. 
high.  It  will  take  about  a  year  to  com- 
plete the  additions,  and  the  Garfield 
plant  will  then  produce  about  275  tons  of 
copper  each  day. 

Beaver  County 
South  Utah — The  new  contract  with 
the  International  company  calls  for  the 
treatment  of  200  tons  of  concentrates,  or 
of  ore,  daily.  Shipments  may  be  started 
in   August. 

Indian  Queen-^-This  company  has 
closed  for  the  present,  owing  to  disap- 
pointing results  from  development.  The 
tunnel  has  been  driven  nearly  4500  ft., 
and  is  down  1200  ft.  from  the  surface  in 
the  face.  A  mineralized  fissure  was  en- 
countered 1500  ft.  from  the  portal,  and 
drifted  on  500  ft.,  without  ore  being  ob- 
tained. The  property  is  controlled  by 
the  Knights,  and  is  near  the  King  David, 
which  is  under  the  management  of  the 
same  interests. 

Red  Warrior — The  copper  ore  recently 
opened  on  the  lowest  level  is  being  drifted 
on. 

Michigan—  Work  on  the  lower  levels 
has  been  retarded  by  bad  air.  Arrange- 
ments for  better  ventilation  are  being 
made. 

Utah  United — Copper  ore,  18  in.  wide, 
some  of  it  carrying  native  copper,  has 
been  opened  on  the  200-foot  level.  The 
shaft  is  being  sunk  to  the  400,  where 
water  level  is  expected.  The  property  is 
12  miles  west  of  Milford  in  the  Beaver 
Lake  district. 

Opex — Considerable  interest  exists  as 
to  conditions  at  the  mine.  There  are  re- 
ports of  a  face  of  ore  having  been  de- 
veloped, but  this  is  neither  confirmed  nor 
denied.  Stockholders  have  asked  for  a 
statement,  which  has  not  been  granted. 
An  assessment  of  3c.  a  share  was  levied 
.July  23. 


^rroii'/tearf— This  property  has  been 
worked  intermittently  for  some  time,  but 
only  recently  has  any  systematic  develop- 
ment been  undertaken.  The  last  lessees 
shipped  four  cars  from  the  surface.  The 
country  rock  is  limestone,  which  outcrops 
about  200  ft.  wide,  and  is  cut 
by  veins  of  lead-carbonate  ore,  carrying 
some  galena.  A  6-ft.  vein  is  being  de- 
veloped. The  winze  which  is  being  sunk 
from  the  tunnel  level  has  broken  into  ore 
at  70  ft.,  showing  considerable  galena. 
An  ore  bin  is  being  built,  and  the  wagon 
road  extended. 

Chief  Consolidated — A  telephone  sys- 
tem has  been  installed  in  the  underground 
workings. 

Mammoth — The  shaft  damaged  by  the 
dropping  of  the  cage  is  being  repaired. 
The  500- ft.  level  has  been  passed  in 
the  work  of  retimbering,  and  when  the 
1000-ft.  level  is  reached,  mining  and 
shipments  will  be  resumed. 

Sioux — From  14  to  16  cars  per  week 
are  being  mined.  A  part  of  this  is  from 
the  4,'^0-ft.  level.  The  largest  tonnage 
comes  from  the  northern  workings. 

Tintic  Combination — Work  on  the  220- 
ft.  level  will  be  continued,  when  the 
assessment  pending  is  paid.  The  shaft  is 
being  kept   free   from  water. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Montana-Bingham  Consolidated — The 
Bingham-Butte  Mining  Company  has 
been  reorganized  under  the  name  of  the 
Montana-Bingham  Consolidated  Mining 
Company,  with  the  principal  object  of 
making  the  stock  assessable.  Capitaliza- 
tion is  $1,500,000.  The  exchange  of 
shares  of  the  old  company  for  those  of  the 
new  will  be  on  the  basis  of  share  for 
share.  A  considerable  part  of  the  stock 
will  remain  in  the  treasury  after  the  ex- 
change has  been  effected. 

Silver  Shield — Foundations  for  the  con- 
centrating plant  are  nearly  completed. 
The  plant  will  have  a  capacity  of  60 
tons  daily,  but  will  begin  on  a  smaller 
scale.  Connections  by  means  of  a  drift 
and  raise  have  been  made  with  the  new 
ore  from  the  .300- ft.  level.  Other  con- 
nections for  economical  extraction  will  be 
made. 

Big  Cottonwood  Consolidated — Work 
has  been  started  on  this  property  just 
below  the  Carbonate.  A  tunnel  will  be 
driven  to  cut  several  veins  showing  lead 
and  silver  on  the  surface. 

Columbus  Consolidated — Five  feet  of 
ore  have  been  found  on  the  contact  of 
white  and  blue  limestone  above  the  400- 
ft.  level. 

Summit  County 

Daly- Judge — The  managements  of  the 
Daly-.Iudge  company  and  the  Daly-West, 
Ontario  and  Daly  companies  have  agreed 
to  a  deal  by  the  terms  of  which  the  On- 
tario drain  tunnel  will  be  driven  into  the 
Daly-.Iudge  territory. 


286 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


Washington 
Ferry  County 
New  Republic — This  company   is  con- 
sidering tile  erection  of  a  cyanide  plant 
on  their  property  near  Republic. 

Okanoga.n  County' 

Tonasket — This  group  near  Okanogan 
is  developed  to  ths  producing  stags,  and 
is  only  A-aiting  for  the  conipletion  of  the 
railroad  into  the  camp  to  begin  shipping. 
Si.x  crosscut  tunnels  and  four  shafts  have 
been  put  in. 

Skamania  County 

Washcugal  Gold  and  Copper — A  strike 
of  high-grade  ore  was  recently  made  on 
this  property  near  Cape  Horn.  A  con- 
centrator is  being  built  and  the  mine  ex- 
pects to  soon  be  shipping.  A.  O.  Wright, 
of  Vancouver,  Wash.,  is  interested. 

Stevens  County 

Napoleon — The  buildings  at  this  mine 
have  been  destroyed  in  a  recent  forest 
fire. 

Blue  Jim — A  compressor  is  being  in- 
stalled at  this  mine,  also  electric  power. 
The  crosscut  started  early  in  the  season 
is  in  215  ft.  The  property  is  5  miles 
from  Metaline. 


West  Virginia 

Kanawha  County 
Webb  Coal  and  Mining  Company — 
This  company  has  been  organized  by 
Cincinnati  people  with  the  following  of- 
ficers: Lewis  M.  Webb,  president  and 
treasurer;  E.  H.  Shonk,  Miami,  W.  Va., 
vice-president;  B.  R.  Appleton,  secre- 
tary; John  Holmes,  Garrison,  W.  Va., 
general  manager.  The  company  will  de- 
velop coal  near  Charleston,  in  Kanawha 
county.  Work  has  already  been  started 
on  two  drift  entries  and  the  company  will 
be  shipping  by  Dec.  1.  The  mines  are 
on  the   Chesapeake   &   Ohio. 


Canada 

British  Columbia 

Forest  fires  have  destroyed  mining 
property  in  Slocan  district  to  an  e.xteni 
roughly  estimated  at  $250,000.  Rambler- 
Cariboo  lost  considerably  in  buildings  and 
plant,  but  saved  air-compressor  and  heavy 
machinery  generally;  also  its  concentrat- 
ing mill.  Lucky  Jim  lost  buildings  and 
tramways;  fire  here  caused  death  of  Col. 
Pearson,  tramway-construction  superin- 
tendent; W.  A.  Chesley,  the  Riblet  com- 
pany's tramway  supervisor;  Charles  Nor- 
man, foreman  of  mine;  and  E.  Lucas  and 
D.  Peterson,  miners.  Foreman  Norman 
lost  his  life  in  an  effort  to  save  Lucas. 
Whitewater  and  Whitewater  Deep  lost 
large  buildings,  concentrating  mill,  etc. 
As  all  mines  are  worked  chiefly  from 
deep-level  adits,  underground  damage  i? 
small,  and  resumption  of  work  will  be 
practicable  without  much  delay,  except  in 
milling  at  the  Whitewater. 

Western  Canada  Oi7— This  company  is 


prospecting  for  oil  and  coal  within  2>^ 
miles  of  Victoria,  Vancouver  island. 
Drilling  is  in  progress  and  a  200- ft.  depth 
has  been  reached. 

Granby — On  July  15  diamond  drilling 
was  commenced  on  the  400- ft.  level,  the 
intention  being  to  test  the  ground  down 
to  1000  ft.  depth.  Jay  P.  Graves,  vice- 
president,  lately  announced  that  diamond 
drilling  in  progress  in  the  lower  levels  is 
disclosing  satisfactory  orebodies. 

Consolidated  Mining  and  Smelting — • 
Trail  smeltery  statistics  for  the  year 
endf.d  June  30:  Ore  received,  485,457 
tons;  ore  smelted,  copper  furnaces  430,- 
851  tons,  lead  furnaces  60,274  tons,  total 
487,125  tons;  matte  shipped,  7072  tons; 
lead  bullion  to  refinery,  22,117  tons. 
Production:  Gold,  137,614  oz.,  $2,814.- 
676;  silver,  2.162,406  oz.,  81,134,881: 
copper,  5,974,959  lb.,  $779,230;  lead,  42,- 
365,816  lb.,  SI, 182,980;  total  value  of 
production,  85,911,767.  Reil.iery  produc- 
tion: Lead,  21,184  tons,  SI. 182,980;  gold, 
14.017  02.,  8289,241;  silver,  1.991,357  oz., 
51,045.957;  total,  (included  in  foregoing 
total  production)  82,518,178. 

Copper  Creek — This  company  is  con- 
sidering the  erection  of  a  smelting  plant 
for  its  property  in  the  Portland  Canal  dis- 
trict. M.  K.  Rodgers,  of  Seattle  is  man- 
ager. 

Eureka — This  property  in  the  Sheep 
Creek  district  has  been  taken  over  by 
Hyniann  &  Van  Houten,  of  Vancouver, 
who  are  considering  the  installation  of  a 
stamp  mill. 

Columbia  Coal  and  Coke  Company — 
This  property  near  Princeton  is  to  be 
equipped  with  modern  machinery,  and 
will  within  a  year  be  producing  bitumin- 
ous coal.  George  Eraser,  of  Princeton, 
has  charge. 

Ontario 

Shipments  of  ore  from  Cobalt  camp 
for  the  week  ended  July  22  were:  Buffah;, 
59,010  lb.;  Cham.bers-Ferland,  59,400, 
Coniagas,  60,400;  Crown  Reserve,  203,- 
900;  Kerr  Lake,  300,142;  La  Rose,  227,- 
400;  McKinley-Dairagh,  95,240;  Nipis- 
sing,  484,600;  Peterson  Lake,  101,710: 
Right-of-Way,  75,900;  Trethewey.  49,260; 
total,   1,716,962  pounds. 

Doctor  Reddick-Larder  Lake  Mining 
Company — This  company  has  made  an 
assignment  at  Ottawa  to  David  S.  Saw- 
yer. 

Buffalo — The  mill  report  for  June 
shows  2918  tons  assaying  23.62  oz.  treat- 
ed. The  mill  ran  465  hours  at  a  cost  of 
S5452. 

Crown  Reserve — Another  new  vein  has 
been  cut  on  the  200-ft.  level  900  ft.  up 
the  lake.  It  shows  about  6  in.  of  high- 
grade  ore. 

Cross  Lake — Silver  has  been  found  in 
a  test-pit  near  the  lake. 

Chamhcrs-Ferland—'The  Offshoot  vein 
has  been  cut  on  the  third  level  and  is 
rich. 


Nipissing — Fifteen  inches  of  ore  has 
been  opened  up  on  the  300-ft.  level  of 
No.  64  vein. 

Bcllellen — A  high-grade  oreshoot  has 
been  opened  up  on  the  68-ft.  level  at  this 
South   Lorrain  property. 

Yukon  Territory 

The  first  arrivals  direct  from  the  Hai- 
ditarod  this  season  bring  word  that  the 
camp  is  overdone  with  men,  and  that 
conditions  are  uncertain,  and  that  now 
water  extends  over  a  great  portion  of  the 
district.  Some  of  the  miners  are  prepar- 
ing to  pump  the  water  from  their  claims 
in  doing  opencut  work  later  in  the  season. 

Atlas — This  company  is  opening  up  its 
copper  property  near  Whitehorse.  The 
mine  is  being  equipped  with  machinery 
and  they  expect  to  begin  shipping  copper 
ore  in  the  near  future. 

Pueblo — This  copper  mine  has  been 
sold  to  Greennugh  Brothers,  of  Spokane, 
who  will  begin  the  shipment  of  about  200 
tons  per  day  about  Aug.  1.  A  railroad 
track  has  been  finished  from  Whitehorse 
to  the  mines. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 

Col.  J.  W.  Pender  is  interested  in  the 
exploitation  of  a  newly  discovered  gold 
property  about  30  miles  southwest  of  So- 
corro, near  the  .Ma\'o  river. 

BatopUas — This  company  has  reported 
the  discovery  of  several  gold-bearing 
veins,  varying  from  mere  sfingers  up  to 
lodes   over   6    ft.    in    width. 

Mexico  I 

Esperanza — The  report  for  June  is: 
The  mill  ran  28  days  and  crushed  17,243 
dry  tons;  estimated  realizable  value  of 
bullion  and  concentrates,  8202,657; 
working  expenses,  etc.,  5107,081;  net, 
596,423. 

SiNALOA 

Sarahia — Dr.  J.  W.  Yard  and  Martin 
Fishback,  of  El  Paso,  have  acquired  this 
mine  near  the  Southern  Pacific  road  near 
the  village  of  Sinaloa  and  will  develop  it. 

SONORA 

Greene-Cananea — The  referee  of  the 
New  York  Supreme  Court  has  rendered 
a  decision  in  the  favor  of  the  company 
in  the  title  suits,  long  pending.  The 
report  is  made  in  the  suit  of  Axel  W. 
Hallcnborg,  on  behalf  of  himself  and 
other  stockholders  of  the  Cobre  Grande 
Copper  Company,  of  Arizona.  The  re- 
port decides  that  not  only  is  the  Greene 
Consolidated  Copper  Company  entitled 
to  judgment  on  the  merits  of  the  ac- 
tion, but  also  that  all  matters  of  law 
and  fact  in  the  case  had  already  been 
adjudicated  and  determined  in  the  com- 
pany's favor  in  other  actions  between 
subtantially  the  same  parties  brought  ani 
tried  in  Arizona  and  Texas,  and  one  of 
which  was  appealed  to  the  Supreme- 
Court  of  the  United  States. 


Au?i'st  6.  I9I0. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


287 


^ 


THE  MARKETS 


^        r- 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal    and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 

Neil'  York,  Aug.  3 — Coal  trade  in  tne 
East  is  uneventful  and  somewhat  af- 
fected   by    the    usual    summer    dullness. 

In  the  West  such  mines  as  are  at  work 
are  very  active  and  are  doing  well.  De- 
mand for  steam  coal  is  good.  There 
have  been  no  important  changes  at  the 
suspended  mines,  as  is  shown  in  the 
notes  below. 

Western  Strike  Conditions — The  com- 
promise arranged  at  Indianapolis  last 
week,  w^hich.  it  was  hoped,  would  end 
the  strike  in  Illinois,  has  been  voted  down 
almost  unanimously  by  the  miners.  The 
operators  have  held  a  meeting  and  re- 
solved to  make  no  furthsr  concessions, 
so  that  the  end  of  the  strike  seems  still 
far  off. 

The  latest  conference  of  the  South- 
western miners  and  operators  at  Kansas 
City  has  ended  without  an  agreement. 
It  is  said  that  a  strike  order  will  be  is- 
sued this  week,  covering  Missouri,  Kan- 
sas, Arkansas  and  Oklahoma. 

A  committee  from  the  United  Mine 
Workers  is  trying  to  arrange  some  com- 
promise in  the  Irwin  district  of  Penn- 
sylvania, where  the  local  strike  still  con- 
tinues, and  a  bitter  feeling  has  been 
shown. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Connellsville  coke  production  for  the 
26  weeks  ended  July  2.  as  reported  by 
the  Courier,  was  11,290,099  short  tons; 
shipments  were  338,382  cars.  The  week- 
ly averages  were  434,23,5  tons  madr  and 
13,015  cars  shipped. 

New  York 

Anthracite 

Aug.  3 — The  anthracite  trade  has  been 
quiet,  so  far  as  domestic  sizes  are  con- 
cerned. For  the  steam  sizes  there  seems 
to  be  a  more  active  demand  than  is  usu- 
al at  this  season. 

On  Aug.  I  another  10c.  was  taken  off 
the  summer  discounts.  Schedule  prices 
for  domestic  sizes  are  now  S4.65  for 
broken  and  S4.90  for  egg,  stove  and 
chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor  pomts. 
For  steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are: 
Pea,  $2.95r./3.25;  buckwheat,  S2.15r(( 
2.,50;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  Sl.BSl/ 
2;  barley,  S1.35rr(  1.50;  all  according  to 
quality,  f.o.b.   New  York  harbor. 

Bituminous 
Business  remains  about  as  last  week, 
with  a   fair  demand  and  some  improve- 
ment  in   sales,   especially    in    New    Eng- 


land territory:  but  New  York  harbor 
trade   is  still  dull. 

Prices  are  unchanged.  Gas  coal  sells 
at  95c. f! SI  at  mine  for  M-in.,  85c.  for 
run-of-mine,  and  60c.  for  slack.  Good 
Miller  vein  steam  coal  brings  about  SI. 25 
at  mine  and  prices  run  up  to  S1.45  for 
George's  Creek.  Lower-grade  steam  coal 
can  be  had  at  95c. ''(SI    at  mine. 

Car  supply  is  good  and  transportation 
still  a  little  slow.  A  good  deal  of  coal 
continues  to   go  West. 

In  the  coastwise  trade  rates  are  about 
the  same.  From  Philadelphia  large  boats 
get  80r(;90c.  to  Boston,  Salem  and  Port- 
land. For  New  York  small  boats  can 
be  had  at  50rf/60c.  to  points  around  Cape 
Cod. 


Birmingham 

Aug.  I — Several  of  the  Southern  rail- 
road officials  have  placed  orders  for  coal 
lasting  eight  or  nine  months,  while  orders 
from  other  sources  have  been  coming  in 
until  it  is  reported  that  never  before  at 
this  time  of  the  year  was  there  more 
business  in  hand  than  now. 

A  railroad  branch  is  being  surveyed  in- 
to the  Cahaba  coalfield  and  early  next 
year  there  will  be  development  on  a 
large  scale   in   that   field. 

The  demand  for  coke  in  this  section  is 
strong  and  all  coke  ovens  in  shape  are 
being  operated  on  full  time. 


Chicago 

Aug.  1. — Buying  of  coal  is  rather  light, 
in  view  of  the  prospect  of  new  supplies 
from  the  Illinois  mines,  though  these 
can  hardly  be  received  for  two  or  three 
weeks,  even  with  prompt  reopening  of  the 
mines,  as  a  resujt  of  settlement  of  labor 
troubles — a  change  not  yet  certain. 
The  average  buyer  is  of  the  opinion 
that  prices  should  be  lower  on  his 
purchases,  and  the  average  seller 
holds  out  for  the  prices  that  have 
been  prevailing,  on  Indiana  coal, 
the  chief  supply  of  this  market.  Current 
needs,  however,  are  large,  and  few  users 
of  steam  coals  have  storage  piles,  so  they 
must  buy  constantly.  Under  these  con- 
ditions lump  from  the  Indiana  mines 
hold  to  S2'?/2.15,  run-of-mine  to  S1.90rr/ 
2  and  screenings,  still  the  size  most  in 
demand,  to  S1.90'<'(  2.10  per  ton. 

Eastern  coals  continue  in  large  demand 
for  current  needs,  and  it  is  probable  that 
with  the  resumption  of  supplies  from 
Illinois  the  demand  for  these  coals  will 
be  permanently  larger  than  before  from 
users  who  have  learned  their  value. 
Smokeless  holds   flr.m  at  S3. 55   for  lump 


and  egg  and  S3. 15  for  run-of-mine. 
Hocking  is  in  very  good  demand  and  firm 
at  .S3. 1 5.  Youghiogheny  brings  ,S3.22  for 
.)4-in.  lump  and  Pittsburg  No.  8  holds  to 
S2.85  for  the  same  size.  There  is  no  sur- 
plus anywhere  on  tracks,  in  this  vicinity, 
shipments  having  been  well  regulated  to 
the  buying  power  of  the  market,  and  con- 
sequently demurrage  sales  do  not  exist. 
Anthracite  sales  are  light. 

Cleveland 

Aug.  1 — Coal  is  coming  in  freely,  but 
most  of  it  is  for  shipment  up  the  Lakes. 
That  trade  is  active,  and  the  total  will 
show  up  well  from  present  indications. 
Local  trade  is  not  active,  but  prices  are 
firm,  as  supplies  are  not  large. 

Middle  district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland, 
is  S2.15  for  i':;-in.;  S1.90  for  3<4-in.; 
$1.80  for  run-of-mine  and  S1.55'(/  1.65 
for  slack.  No.  8  and  Cambridge  district 
5  or  10c.  higher.    Other  sorts  unchanged. 

iadianapolis 

Aug.  2 — This  city  continues  to  be  the 
center  of  negotiations  for  settlements 
between  miners  and  operators.  The  Illi- 
nois settlement  reported  last  week  failed 
through  the  veto  of  the  miners.  Other 
negotiations  also  seem  to  be  in  a  bad 
way. 

Indiana  mines  continue  active,  and 
orders  are  still  coming  in.  A  large  quan- 
tity of  Indiana  coal  is  going  to  the  Chi- 
cago market,  where  it  has  taken  the  place 
of  Illinois  coal  for  the  time  being. 


Pittsburg 

Aug.  2 — No  change  has  occurred  in 
conditions,  local  demand  being  fairly 
good,  while  Lake  shipments  hold  up  well 
and  the  year's  tonnage  promises  to  pass 
the  record  or  come  very  close  to  it.  In 
the  Greensburg  and  Latrobe  mines  more 
men  are  at  work  and  the  strike  seems  to 
be  nearly  played  out.  Prices  continue 
quotable  as  follows:  Mine-run  and  nut, 
S1.20r«1.25;  M-in.,  S1.30'<,  1.35;  domes- 
tic I'^-in.  lump,  S1.50;  slack,  70ra80c. 
per   ton. 

Connellsville  Coke — The  market  is 
moving  along  smoothly  without  special 
incident.  Production  has  been  adjusted 
closely  to  the  demand,  and  since  the 
early  part  of  ,Iuly,  when  some  stocks 
were  cleaned  up,  there  has  been  no  ac- 
cumulation. Prices  previously  quoted 
are  well  maintained,  although  sales  of 
prompt  furnace  coke  are  light  and  no 
contracts  at  all  are  being  made  for  fur- 
nace. The  foundry-coke  trade  is  also 
quieter  as  to  new  buving.     We  continue 


288 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


to  quote  standard  grades  of  Connells- 
ville  coke  as  follows:  Prompt  furnace, 
S1.65(L(  1.70;  contract  furnace  (nominal), 
S\J5((i  1.85;  prompt  72-hour  foundry, 
S2.10(<_(2.25;  contract  foundry,  S2.25r(/ 
2.50  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ended  July  23,  at 
406,507  tons,  an  increase  of  2000  tons, 
and  shipments  at  4058  cars  to  Pittsburg, 
5537  cars  to  points  west  and  869  cars  to 
points  east,  a  total  of  10,464  cars. 


Si   Louis 

Aug.  1 — Conditions  this  week  have 
been  a  great  surprise  for  the  coal  man. 
Last  week  everyone  looked  for  a  settle- 
ment in  the  Carterville  and  Springfield 
districts.  When  it  was  announced  that 
the  joint  committee  of  the  miners  and 
operators  in  Indianapolis  had  agreed  on 
a  scale  which  was  to  be  up  to  the  miners 
for  referendum  vote,  it  was  generally 
thought  that  the  scale  was  as  good  as 
signed.  In  making  the  scale  the  opera- 
tors agreed  to  stand  an  extra  2c.  ad- 
vance and  to  pay  the  shotfirers,  though 
when  the  cost  of  shotfiring  exceeded 
l'<c.  per  ton  the  balance  of  the  cost 
was  to  be  sustained  by  the  miners.  On 
this,  the  market  broke.  However,  when 
the  vote  of  the  miners  began  'to  come  in, 
it  was  seen  that  the  miners  were  spring- 
ing a  surprise  by  voting  down  the  propo- 
sition. They  figure  that  as  long  as  they 
have  been  able  to  stay  out  for  four 
months,  that  it  would  not  hurt  them  to 
remain  out  a  little  longer.  This,  of  course, 
turned  the  market  another  way  and  coal 
immediately  sprang  into  great  demand 
with  advancing  prices. 

Current  price c  are   as   follows   for  the 

St.   Louis  market: 

8t. 
Illinois,  Standard:  Mine.     Louis. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg .SI. 50     S2()2 

2-in.  lump  and  nut 1 .  10       1.62 

Mine-nm 1 .  00       1 .  52 

Screenings 1 .  00       1 .  52 

Trenton: 

6-in.  Ivunp  and  egg 1.90  2.42 

3-in.  nut 1.75  2.27 

1-in.  nut 1.20  1.72 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 1.70  2.22 

2-in.  nut 1.60  2.12 

Mine-nm  1.50  2.02 

ScreeninK.s  1 .  50  2 .  02 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 1 .  50  2.17 

3-in.  nut l.-W  2.17 

Mine-run 1 .  50  1 ,  97 

Screenings 1 .  25  1.92 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 1.50       4.00 

.Mine-nm 1 .  10       3 .  05 

Pennsylvania  Anthracite: 

Nut,  stove  or  egg 6.75 

Grate G.M 

Arkansas  Anthracite: 

Egg  or  grate 3.35       5.35 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 5.40 

Clas  hon.se 4 .  50 

Smithing 4.15 

A  number  of  jobbers  who  had  been 
speculating  were  caught  and  had  to  buy 
freely   in   order  to  cover.     Railways   and 


large  industries  which  had  been  holding 
off  awaiting  a  settlement  have  been 
forced  to  come  onto  the  market  again; 
consequently  coal  is  very  scarce  and  is 
advancing.  Dealers  are  also  beginning 
to  buy,  and  while  none  of  the  high-grade 
mines  are  running,  they  are  forced  to ' 
buy  the  best  that  they  can  get  to  supply 
their  early  trade. 

The  anthracite  situation  for  July  was 
not  quite  up  to  expectations.  The  soft- 
coal  situation  has  distracted  the  atten- 
tion of  dealers,  and  :.ie  demand  for  hard 
coal  was  light.  Of  course,  this  tonnage 
will  have  to  be  made  up  later  and  will 
result  in  a  rush  in  either  August  or  Sep- 
tember. 


il  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW   S 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE  M. 


United  States  Coal  Exports— Exports 
of  coal  and  coke  from  the  United  States, 
with  coal  furnished  to  steamships  in 
foreign  trade,  six  months  ended  June  30, 
long  tons: 

lilU9.  1910.        Changes. 

\nthracite 1,470.404       1,581,683      I.      111,119 

Bituminous    3.80;i.216      4,523,235      I.     720.019 

Total  exports..  5.273.080  6,104,818  I.  8:!1,138 
Steamer  coal 3,018,261       3,191,494      I.     173,233 

Total  coal.' 8,291,941      9.290,312      I.  I,0fl4,:)71 

Coke 468,368  444,920    D.       23,448 

Canada  took  this  year  4,426,811  tons 
of  coal,  or  72.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  ex- 
ports. Cuba  took  4^4,281  tons  of  coal. 
The  coke  went  chiefly  to  Mexico  and 
Canada. 

United  States  Coal  /mpor/s— Imports 
of  coal  and  coke  into  the  United  States, 
six  months  ended  June  30,  long  tons: 

1900.  1910.        Changes. 

Anthracite 3,125  162    D.         2.963 

Bituminous 675,488        924,063      I.     24.'',575 

Total  coal   678,613        924,225      I.     245.612 

Coke 99,844  .-.7,377     D.       42.467 

Canada  furnished  this  year  790,895 
tons  of  coal  and  nearly  all  the  coke; 
Australia,  76,852  tons  of  coal;  Japan, 
50,741  tons  of  coal.  Imports  are  chiefly 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  in  the  far  north- 
western States. 

Austro-Hungarian  Production — Coal 
production  of  Austria-Hungary,  four 
months  ended  April  30,  metric  tons: 

1909.  1910.  Changes 

Coal   4.6.53,297      4.611.;)65    D.       41,932 

Brown  coal 8,498,405      8,:i72.556    D.     125,909 

Total  mined. . .    1.3,151,762    12.98;i,921    D.     167,811 

Cokn  madn 697,049  645. S91     D.        51.15S 

Brliiuolsmado...  123,005  113,621     D.         9,384 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year  59,- 
891  tons  were  made  from  brown  coal  or 
lignite. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
BIyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  July  23:  Best  Welsh  steam,  .S3.99; 
seconds,  ,S3.78;  thirds,  $3.60;  dry  coals, 
$3.60;  best  Monmouthshire,  $3.54;  sec- 
onds, S3.42;  best  steam  smalls,  $1.98; 
seconds,  $1.68.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2'.j   per  cent,  discount. 


New  York,  Aug.  3 — Notwithstanding 
the  midsummer  season,  the  iron  and  steel 
markets  are  in  a  little  better  condition, 
with  signs  of  life  and  hope  for  the  fu- 
ture— at  any  rate  so  far  as  consumption 
is  concerned. 

In  pig  iron  there  has  been  more  buy- 
ing of  foundry  iron,  though  the  purchases 
do  not  run  far  ahead.  Basic  iron  also  is 
in  a  little  better  demand.  There  are 
plenty  of  inquiries  for  fourth  quarter,  but 
views  as  to  prices  vary  too  much  for 
actual   business. 

In  finished  material  small  orders  con- 
tinue to  be  the  rule,  but  the  total  volume 
of  sales  exceeds  previous  anticipations. 
The  present  season  was  approached  by 
the  large  manufacturers  with  a  good  deal 
of  apprehension,  but  they  have  generally 
found  that  feeling  unwarranted  to  a 
great  degree. 

Prices,  however,  have  a  downward 
tendency.  No  improvement  in  this  re- 
spect is  to  be  looked  for  as  long  as  pro- 
ductive capacity  exceeds  consumption  by 
15  or  20  per  cent.  The  lower  prices  are 
doing  no  harm,  however;  buying  is  cer- 
tainly encouraged,  and  quotations  have 
not  yet  reached  a  point  where  they  spell 
loss  to  inakers. 

Baltimore 

Aug.  2 — Imports  for  the  week  included 
4020  tons  iron  pyrites  and  6110  tons 
cupreous  pyrites  from  Huelva,  Spain; 
23.000  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Aug.  1 — Southern  manufacturers  of 
pig  iron  are  holding  firmly  at  SI  1.50  per 
ton  for  No.  2  foundry.  The  business  has 
not  been  active,  the  month  of  July  being 
one  of  the  dullest  experienced  in  several 
years.  The  curtailment  A'as  not  any  too 
great  for  the  trade  that  was  handled.  An 
inquiry  or  two  is  reported  to  have  been 
received  for  iron  to  be  delivered  during 
the  first  half  of  1911,  but  furnace-com- 
pany officials  in  this  section  show  no  in- 
clination to  sell  at  the  present  prices. 
Car  lots  of  iron  are  selling  here  at  $12 
per  ton,  but  anything  above  100  tons  can 
be  secured  at  a  lower  rate.  One  or  two 
of  the  smaller  iron  companies  in  the  Bir- 
mingham district  have  sold  up  all  their 
iron  for  the  balance  of  the  year.  Some 
of  the  larger  companies  with  furnaces 
manufacturing  special  brands  of  iron  are 
also  well  sold  up. 

Charcoal  iron  is  still  selling  at  $22  per 
ton,  but  the  demand  is  not  as  active  as  it 
has  been. 

Chicago 
Aug.  1 — Sales  of  pig  iron  continue 
light.  As  a  consequence,  Southern  No. 
2  is  obtainable  at  25  or  50c.  less  than 
$11.50  Birmingham--$15.85  Chicago — 
that    has    been    the    standard    price    for 


Ausi;£t  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


289 


several  weeks.  Some  iron  has  been  sold 
at  Sll  Birmingham;  more  would  be  sold 
if  even  this  price  appealed  to  melters  of 
large  lots.  But  it  docs  not,  and  though 
some  iron  is  sold  at  .SI  1.25  and  even 
SI  1.50  Birmingham,  the  market  drags. 
Northern  No.  2  iron  at  S16.50  is  steadier 
and  selling  agents  are  not  so  anxious, 
apparently,  to  dispose  of  it. 

Lots  sold  are  small,  ranging  from  a 
carload  up  to  700  or  800  tons.  Few 
melters  will  contract  for  general  last- 
quarter  needs,  or  go  into  the  first  quarter 
of  the  ne.xt  year.  They  prefer  to  buy  for 
their  current  needs — 30  to  90  days  ahead 
— and  trust  to  developments  of  the  mar- 
ket. That  melters  are  watching  the  mar- 
ket closely  appears,  however,  from  the 
fact  that  inquiries  for  large  tonnage  de- 
liveries to  be  for  last  and  first  quarter, 
are  large  constantly,  though  resulting  in 
few  contracts. 

Iron  and  steel  products,  despite  some 
cuts  in  prices,  do  not  find  heavy  sale, 
the  only  approach  to  activity  being  in 
structural  steel. 

Cleveland 

Aug.  1 — Ore  shipments  are  apparently 
falling  off;  at  least  there  is  some  waiting 
for  cargoes.  It  is  reported  that  a  few 
resales  of  ore  have  been  made  by  fur- 
naces. 

Pig  Iron — There  are  only  a  few  in- 
quiries reported,  most  of  them  small. 
Quotations  for  prompt  and  third-quarter 
iron,  Cleveland  delivery,  are  $16.25rr( 
16.50  for  bessemer;  $14f<7  14.25  for 
basic;  .SI4.25';(  14.75  for  No.  2  foundry; 
SI4   for  forge. 

Finished  Material  —  Structural  steel 
sells,  but  in  a  small  way;  and  there  is 
some  call  for  bars.  Cutting  on  bars  has 
apparently  been  stopped  for  the  present, 
and  1.40c.,  Pittsburg  base,  is  about  tne 
limit. 


Philadelphia 
Aug.  3 — With  a  decline  in  production 
of  15  per  cent,  during  the  past  few 
months,  a  weakening  in  prices  and  no 
material  increase  in  stocks  when  con- 
tracted for  deliveries  are  taken  into  ac- 
count, the  pig-iron  situation  is  relative- 
ly better  than  30  days  ago.  This  de- 
duction is  based  on  the  fact  that  large 
users  of  pig  iron  are  low  in  stocks  or 
have  no  contracts  running  for  future 
delivery  to  the  extent  they  had  a  year 
ago.  Some  tempting  offers  of  Southern 
iron  have  been  declined.  Northern  mak- 
ers are  not  pushing  iron  on  the  market 
just  now.  No.  2  X  foundry  is  quoted 
today  at  .SI6.25;  basic,  S15.50;  forge, 
S15.50  per  ton. 

Steel  S///(V.f— Final  deliveries  were 
made  this  week  on  supplies  ordered  two 
months  ago. 

Pars — New  business  is  scant,  but 
prices  are  firm. 


Sheets — It  is  said  that  further  shad- 
ings have  been  offered  if  large  orders  are 
placed  this  month. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — A  healthy  business 
is  done  in  cast  pipe.  Tubes  are  strong 
at  recent  discounts. 

Plates — New  business  has  been  excep- 
tionally light  in  this  territory. 

Structural  Material — Orders  have  been 
good  all  summer,  but  are  now  slacking 
up.  Most  business  is, for  small  lots.  The 
mills  are  in  a  strong  position  and  present 
quotations  are  bottom,  a  conclusion  ac- 
cepted  by  buyers. 

Scrap — Dealers  report  very  little  busi- 
ness. 


Pittsburg 
Aug.  2 — There  are  slight  signs  of  an 
improvement  in  demand  for  finished 
steel,  specifications  in  some  lines  having 
improved  as  compared  with  the  early  part 
of  July,  while  July  as  a  whole  showed 
no  material  decrease  from  June,  al- 
though a  month  from  which  normally 
very  little  is  expected.  In  the  past  week 
there  has  been  no  material  change  in  fin- 
is! ed-steel  prices,  except  in  steel  bars, 
which  have  been  sold  by  several  large  in- 
terests, on  attractive  business,  at  1.40c., 
Pittsburg,  SI  a  ton  under  the  regular 
market.  This,  it  is  stated,  is  done  by  the 
mills  to  protect  their  trade,  although  tne 
responsibility  for  the  first  cut  is  not 
clearly  fixed.  There  are  still  some  sales 
made  at  1.45c.  Even  at  1.40c.  bars  are 
at  least  as  high  as  plates  and  shapes, 
which  is  unusual,  as  in  the  past  they 
have  almost  invariably  sold  at  about  S2 
a  ton   below  plates  and  shapes. 

Pig    Iron — It     develops    that     on     t'.ie 
■transaction  noted  in  last  report  for  10,000 
tons    of   basic    iron    at   $14,    Valley    fur- 
nace, the  purchaser  was  a  middle  interest 
in    Pittsburg,    the    seller   being    a    Valley 
furnace,  and  the  terms  that  the  iron  shall 
all   be   paid    for  within   the   next   month 
or  two.    The  purchaser  expected  to  make 
a  profit  by  carrying  the  iron  and  retailing 
at  higher  prices,  so  that  the   market   is 
not   quotable   £t  S14,   but   it   is   not   alto- 
gether impossible  that  the  price  would  be 
done  again  on  a  large  lot  for  quick  settle- 
ment.    The  United  Steel  Company.  Can- 
ton. O.,  inquires  for  10.000  to  12.000  tons 
of  basic  for  fourth  quarter,  and  the  busi- 
ness   will    probably    be   taken    by    Canal 
Dover  or  Cleveland   interests.     There   ts 
an  inquiry  for  400  tons  of  standard  bes- 
semer   from    the    West,    with    occasional 
little   inquiries    for   malleable.      Odd   lots 
of    foundry    iron,    generally    carloads    to 
100   tons,   are   selling   at   S14.50.   Valley. 
Otherwise  the  market  is  absolutely  with- 
out   feature.     Alice   furnace,   at   Sharps- 
villc,    Penn.,    has    gone    out,    leaving    10 
of  the  21  merchant  furnaces  in  the  Val- 
leys in  blast.     We  repeat  former  quota- 
tions, at  Valley  furnaces.  00c.  higher  de- 
livered Pittsburg:  No.  2  foundrv    S14..S0; 
malleable,     S15;     basic,     S14.25ra  14.50; 


gray  forge,  SI 3.75.  The  bessemer  aver- 
age for  July  is  reported  at  S15.50,  Val- 
ley, against  $15.62  for  June  and  S19, 
the  high  point,  in  November,  December 
and  January.  The  basic  average  for  July 
is  reported  at  $14.50,  Valley,  against 
$14.70  in  June  and  S17.48  last  Novem- 
ber, the  high   point. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  for 
prompt  ferromanganese  is  possibly  a 
shade  firmer,  as  sales  have  been  made  at 
$39.25  and  $39.40,  but  transactions  are 
very  light  and  there  is  little  if  anything 
being  done  on  forward  deliveries.  We 
quote,  f.o.b.  Baltimore,  $39. 25r<(  39.50  for 
prompt  and  $39.50ft/40  for  forward  de- 
livery. 

Steel — A  consumer  of  sheet  and  tfn- 
bars  in  the  general  Pittsburg  district  has 
made  a  large  contract  with  a  leading 
steel  interest  for  about  five  years,  and 
extended  a  couple  of  other  contracts,  and 
is  thus  provided  with  a  minimum  month- 
ly tonnage  of  7000  tons  and  a  maximum 
of  10,000  tons.  The  settlement  is  on  a 
scale  basis,  relative  to  the  average  price 
of  pig  iron.  The  market  is  rather  soft, 
with  few  transactions,  and  remains  quot- 
able nominally  as  follows,  f.o.b.  Pitts- 
burg or  Youngstown:  Bessemer  billets, 
$25;  sheet  bars.  ,S26r<;  26,50;  open-hearth 
billets,  $26;  sheet  bars,  $27'i(  27.50; 
forging  billets,  ,$,30;  rods,  ,$29''f/30,  Pitts- 
burg. 

Sheets — There  has  been  no  change. 
There  is  a  general  shading  of  $3  a  ton  on 
black  and  M  a  ton  on  galvanized,  and 
the  leading  interest  is  meeting  this  mar- 
ket in  some  cases,  but  not  in  all.  An 
official  reduction  in  prices  is  expected. 
Official  or  nominal  prices  remain:  Black 
sheets,  2.40c.:  galvanized.  3.50c.;  painted 
corrugated  roofing.  $1.70;  galvanized, 
S3;  blue  annealed  sheets,  1. 75c.  These 
prices  are  subject  to  the  shading  noted, 
except  blue  annealed,  which  are  well 
held. 

St.  Louis 
Aug.  1 — The  pig-iron  market  remains 
stagnant.  Inquiries  are  light  and  sales 
are  lighter.  The  price  of  $18  per  ton, 
Birmingham,  or  $15.75,  St.  Louis,  re- 
mains the  current  figure. 


±11  FOREIGN   IRON  TR.4DElf^ 


German  Foreign  Trade — Exports  and 
imports  of  iron  and  steel,  and  of  ma- 
chinery, in  German  Empire,  five  months 
end  d  May  31.  metric  tons: 


Iron  nnd  stool. 
MnchtniM-y 


Total 

Tr.tnl,  1000. 


Exports. 

l,0-IO,.'-i:i-2 

i:i7.,-ifi» 


Imports.       Excoss. 
•.'is.:isil     Exp.  1.731,146 
HI  ..-.in     Eip,     lOB.oeO 


2,087,101     iia.ssn    Exp,  1,837,212 
l,(ir,r.,(»n     190.802    Exp,  l,4r,fi,ifl8 

Imports  of  iron  ore  this  year,  3.145,- 
480;  exports,  1,109,650  tons.  Imports  of 
manganese  ore,  191,493;  exports,  1645 
tons. 


290 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


United  States  Foreign  Trade — Exports 
and  imports  of  iron  and  steel  in  tne 
United  States  for  the  six  months  ended 
.lune  30  are  valued  as  below  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Department 
of  Commerce  and  Labor: 

19U9.  1910.  Clianses. 

.  $74,832,693    $92,942,859    I.$18,000,166 
..     12,894,285      20,025,203     I.     7,930,918 


rts- — , 

, — Imports — , 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

42,009 

58,903 

120,024 

11,839 

2,250 

37,366 

7,331 

6,382 

24,332 

67,445 

7,146 

21,813 

189,832 

380 

5,868 

135,010 

1,638 

3,771 

75,014 

2,690 

7,203 

10.206 

5,687 

10,844 

82,070 

28,533 

6,704 

29,810 

36,214 

74,108 

Espiirts... 
Imp'Tts.. 

Excess,  exp.  $62,158,408    $72,317,056    I.$10,139,248 

The  leading  items  of  imports  and  ex- 
ports were  as. follows,  in  long  tons: 

, Expc 

1909. 

Pigiron 23,927 

Scrap 17,811 

Blllnls,  blooms,  etc.    60,839 

Bars 38,899 

Bails 120,594 

Slipets  and  plates. .    77,991 
Structural  steel....    45.616 

WirH-r.ids 9.402 

Wire  76,063 

Nails  and  spikes..    23,058 

Tinplates 4,331 

Pipe  and  fittings..    72,517 

Imports  of  wire  not  reported  in 
quantities;  values  were  3493,069  in  1909, 
and  S758,040  this  year. 

United  States  Iron  Ore  Movement — 
Imports  and  exports  of  iron  ore  in  the 
United  States,  six  months  ended  June  30, 
long  tons: 

1909.  1910.      Changes. 

Imports .372,547    1,239,266      I.     0S0.719 

Exports 134,331        212,713      I.       88,382 

Of  the  imports  this  year.  757,480  tons 
were  from  Cuba.  472,461  tons  from 
Europe  and  128,062  tons  from  New- 
foundland. 

Imports  of  manganese  ore  for  the  six 
months  were  92,181  tons  in  1909,  and 
116.492  tons  in  1910;  increase,  24,281 
tons. 


currency  is  as  Tollows:  The  unit  of  na- 
tional currency  shall  be  the  yuan,  or 
dollar,  and  the  standard  shall  temporarily 
be  silver.  The  dollar  shall  be  the  prin- 
cipal currency,  and  shall  weigh  7  mace 
and  2  candareens  (about  37.3  grams). 
The  subsidiary  coinage  shall  be  three  _ 
silver  coins  of  50,  25  and  10  cents  each; 
one  nickel  coin  of  5  cents,  and  four  cop- 
per coins  of  2  cents,  1  cent,  5  cash,  and 
1   cash   respectively. 

Gold — There  was  a  good  demand  for 
gold  on  the  open  market  in  London,  both 
from  Berlin  and  New  York,  but  prices 
continued  as  usual,  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for 
bars  and  76s.  S'id.  per  oz.  for  American 
coin.  About  $4,000,000  in  all  was  taken 
for  shipment  to  New  York. 

Platinum — Business  is  on  a  moderate 
scale,  but  prices  are  unchanged.  Deal- 
ers quote  $33  per  oz.  for  refined  plati- 
num and  S37.50(J/38  per  oz.  for  hard 
metal. 

Silver — The  market  having  fallen  to 
24'jd.,  in  London,  owing  to  cessation  of 
buying  on  bear  account,  it  looks  as  if 
there  might  be  a  further  decline  on  ac- 
count of  the  lack  of  vigorous  buying  from 
any  quarter. 


i   METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


New  York.  Aug.  3 — The  metal  markets 
have  shown  rather  an  improving  tenden- 
cy. Changes  in  prices  have  been  only 
fractional,  but  generally  in  an  upward 
direction. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


IMTF.I)     STATES     GOLD 

.VND     Sll.VKlt     MOVEMENT 

Mitnl. 

Exports.  ■ 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold  : 

June  1910.. 

•■      1909.. 
Year  1910.. 

••      1909.. 

$1  ..398.:M7 

8.;U0.440 

49.316  731 

63,834,337 

$  4,.373.917 

2.307,733 

19.388,.331 

20,135,592 

Imp.$  2.977,.370 

Exp.      5,978.711 

30.128,200 

43,698,745 

Sllvr-r : 
June  1910.. 

••      1909.. 
Year  1910.. 

••      1909.. 

4,587,383 

5.305,037 

•27,054,218 

29,359,066 

3,308,171 
4.339,273 
21,901,.320 
22,872,028 

Exp.      1,279,212 
1,103,762 
3,1.32,698 
6,487,038 

SILVER    AXL 

STERMXG 

EXCHAXGE 

July-Aug. 

28 

29 

30 

1 

2 

3 

New  York.... 
London  . 
Sterling  Ex. . 

53  « 

24  ?4 

4.8540 

53  « 

24  ?i 

4.8530 

33  J4 

24  ?i 

4.8520 

53>i 
4.8530 

63lf 
4.8536 

53 

24^ 

4.8530 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  ti-oy, 
tine  silver  :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver.  O.rt'J."    fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  July  21,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell : 


India 

China 

Sti-aits 

1909. 

..     £3.723,800 

..       1,174.700 

82,800 

1910. 

£3.372.000 

1,113,.300 

Changes. 
D.    £   1.31.800 
D.            61,200 
D.            82,800 

Total... 

..    £4,981,300 

£4,683,500 

D.    £    295,800 

India  Council  bills  in  London  sold  it 
an  average  of  15.97d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Rxnorts  from  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
cuti'd  .July  30:  Gold.  .•!;i4!i.4(iii.  rhielly  to 
I'linania  :  silvef,  $7n(i..ss2.  cliiefly  to  London. 
Iiiiporls  :  (Jold.  Sli.K.TS.nsCi,  almost  all  from 
London  :  silver.   .SiTiLIO.  from   the  West    Indies. 

The  preliminary  statement  of  Trans- 
va?l  gold  production  in  July  is  cabled  at 
640.000  oz.,  which  makes  a  total  of 
4.302,505  oz.,  or  S88,932.778  for  the 
seven  months  ending  with  July. 

The  substantial  part  of  the  recent 
Chinese  decree  establishing  an   Imperial 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

="«• 

, 

.0" 

T   ■° 

< 

f' 

■9% 

c  3 

4, 

(i  : 

■::  •- 

r  b 

u 

a:  91 

S3 

II 

I 

"^3  a 

]2,S 

12  M 

4.40 

4.30 

5.00 

■i8 

©12'. 

(suy. 

.33 

32?i.ffl4.42i 

r»4,35  :ffl5.02j 

12'; 

Vili 

4  :«)  1     3.(K) 

20 

®12« 

12Ji 

12  >4 

55K 

32  7i 

4.40 

fTH  35   ^5.021 
4.30       5.(H) 

:iO 

012 '.( 
12';: 

rs>i2y. 



S2J< 

4.40 

f5)l.:)5   ®3.02J 
4 .  :)0       3 .  00 

1 

©12'; 
12', 

ffll2K 

.... 

33 

4.40 

®4.:i2;.fa3.02J 
4.:i0  1     5,00 

0 

12 'i 

54  « 

3»>i 

4.40 

©4.32) ©5  02 J 
4.30  !     5.00 

?. 

'^2--, 

';ri2'.. 

56X 

33 

4  40 

l®t..32J 

rti)3.fl2} 

London  quotations  are  per  lon.ii  tou  (2240 
llj.)  standard  copper.  The  New  York  quota- 
tions for  electrol.vtic  copper  are  for  cakes. 
iuixots  and  wireliars.  and  represent  the  bulk 
of  the  transactions  made  with  consa'uers, 
basis  New  York.  cash.  The  prices  of  casting 
copper  and  of  electrolytic  cathodes  are 
usually  o.12.jc.  be'ow  that  of  electrolytic. 
The  quotations  for  lead  represent  whnlesale 
transactions  in  the  open  market.  The  quota- 
tions on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  \Vesteru 
brands  :    special  brands  command  a   premium. 


Copper — The  situation  in  the  market, 
broadly  speaking,  is  reviewed  elsewhere 
in  this  issue.  During  the  week  of  July 
27-Aug.  3.  the  advance  continued  in  a 
quiet  and  orderly  fashion.  During  the 
early  part  of  the  week  some  good  orders 
appeared  in  the  market.  Some  of  the 
agencies  which  have  sold  pretty  well 
ahead  adopted  a  policy  of  observation, 
leaving  the  business  to  others  that  have 
disposed  less  extensively  of  their  sup- 
plies. On  July  30,  the  largest  interest, 
which  had  previously  been  maintaining 
an  asking  price  of  125sc.  for  Lake  and 
12' 'c.  for  electrolytic,  delivered,  30  days, 
advanced  its  terms  'sc.  on  each  class 
of  copper,  and  further  transactions  have 
since  then  been  effected.  Reviewing  the 
week,  a  large  business  has  taken  place 
both  for  domestic  consumption  and  ex- 
port, and  producers  are  now  well  booked 
ahead.  Some  of  them  are  sold  out  for 
this  and  next  month's  delivery.  The  de- 
mand continues  good,  particularly  for 
export,  and  the  market  closes  firm,  with 
Lake  copper  at  12';  to  12'4C.;  electro- 
lytic in  cakes,  wire-bars  or  ingots  at 
12'-^  to  12'. "ic;  casting  copper  is  quoted 
nominally  at  12's  to  12S^c.  for  the  week. 
Copper  sheets  are  18c«  I9c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  1 4c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

The  London  market  for  standard  cop- 
per has  been  very  active,  and  last  Friday 
spot  was  up  to  £55  10s.  It  was  slightly 
lower  on  Monday,  but  closes  at  £55  12s. 
6d.  for  spot  and  £56  2s.  6d.  for  three 
months.  Speculative  sentiment  is  decid- 
edly better  and  more  confidence  is  shown. 
Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  are 
quoted:  English  tough,  £57  10s.;  best 
selected.  £591^(59  10s.;  strong  sheets, 
S.6~ I'll  68  per  ton. 

Statistics  for  the  second  half  of  July 
show  a  decrease  in  the  foreign  visible 
supply  of  4800  tons. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  1316  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at   1822  tons. 

Exports  of  copper  from  Atlantic  ports 
in  the  United  States  in  July  are  esti- 
mated at  22,875  ii  ig  tons. 

Copper  in  July — The  month  opened 
vith  electrolytic  on  the  basis  of  12'ic,, 
but  after  the  first  week  a  weakish  tend- 
ency developed,  following  the  action  of 
the  largest  seller,  which  for  the  first  time 
in  many  months  met  the  market,  but  was 
promptly  undercut.     During   the   middle 


August  6.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


291 


part  of  the  month  electrolytic  was  on  a 
basis  of  12' sc.  On  July  21  the  intima- 
tions as  to  probable  curtailment  of  pro- 
duction induceiJ  some  buying  an(J  rather 
large  transactions  were  consummated  at 
a  slight  advance.  The  market  improved 
decidedly  in  tone  upon  the  definite  an- 
nouncement of  curtailment  and  the  month 
closed  with  electrolytic  at  12 'sc,  firmly 
held. 

Tin — In  anticipation  of  favorable 
American  statistics,  the  London  market 
advanced  gradually  during  last  week. 
Monday,  Aug.  1,  being  a  holiday  in  Lon- 
don, the  very  favorable  statistics  of 
American  deliveries  only  became  avail- 
able there  on  Tuesday,  and  promptly  had 
the  effect  of  advancing  the  market  about 
£2  5s.  for  spot  and  £1  lOs.  for  futures 
over  the  close  of  Friday.  Domestic  in- 
tt  rests,  who  had  been  buyers  all  along, 
did  not  follow  this  advance,  but  rather 
turned  sellers  at  somewhat  below  im- 
portation  basis. 

.Spot  material  in  this  market  is  still 
scarce  and  firmly  held.  London  closes 
at  £151  for  spot  and  £15i  7s.  6d.  for  three 
months,  while  August  deliveries  are  sell- 
ing in  this  market  at  about  33  cents. 

Visible  stocks  of  tin  on  Aug.  I — in- 
cluding tin  afloat — were:  London,  9911; 
Holland,  3231  ;  United  States,  excluding 
Pacific  ports.  4291;  total,  17,433  long 
tons;  an  increase  of   1733  tons  over  the 

Lead — The  market  is  quiet,  without 
special  feature.  Prices  are  a  shade  lower 
at  4.30'i/ 4.35c.,  St.  Louis,  and  4.40c.,  New 
York. 

The  London  market  is  somewhat  firmer, 
Spanish  lead  being  quoted  £12  10s.  and 
English  lead  £12  12s.  6d. 

Spelter — The  market  is  quiet.  Stocks 
of  the  metal,  both  in  the  hands  of  pro- 
ducers and  consumers,  are  believed  to 
be  small,  and  consumption  is  good.  How- 
ever, until  consumers  change  their  hand- 
to-mouth  policy,  not  much  improvement 
can  be  looked  for.  The  market  closes  firm 
at  5'i,5.02'jC.,  St.  Louis,  and  5.15'V/ 
5.17'<c..  New  York. 

New  York  quotations  for  spelter,  July 
30- Aug.  3,  inclusive,  were  5.  ISri;  5.17' _• 
cents. 

The  London  market  is  slightly  firmer 
at  £22  I5s.  for  good  ordinaries  and  £23 
for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  :^7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  is  quiet.  There 
has  been  a  slackening  in  demand  recentlv. 
which  is  chiefiy  due  to  the  check  in  the 
au.jmohile  trade,  which  is  a  large  con- 
sumer of  the  metal.  We  quote  22Mc. 
per  lb.  for  No.  1  ingots.  New  York  de- 
livery. The  foreign  market  is  also  slower 
than  it  has  been. 


Antimony — A  very  quiet  market  is  re- 
ported, with  nominally  no  change  in 
prices.  Cookson's  is  quoted  at  8.\5(ii 
8.20c.  per  lb.  Other  prices  are  I'^rri 8c. 
for  U.  S.;  7Jift_/7,'2C.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — With  an  improvement  in 
business  and  demand,  prices  are  un- 
changed. New  York  quotations  are  S47 
per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  orders;  S48 
'<!  49  for  jobbing  lots.  San  Francisco,  S46 
'V/46..S0  for  domestic  orders  and  S2  less 
for  e.vport.  The  London  price  is  £8  15s. 
per  flask,  with  £8  12s.  6d.  quoted  by 
jobbers. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business. 
40^'/45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  .S1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotatioi.s  are  60 
'?^r70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York;  according  to  quality  of  metal. 

Bismuth — The  price  of  bismuth  has  re- 
cently been  advanced  and  the  metal  is 
now  quoted  by  Johnson  &  Matthey.  who 
handle  it  in  England,  at  7s.  6d.— $1.80— 
per  lb.  in  London. 


Imports  and  Exports  of  Metals 


Exports  and  imports  of  metals  in  the 
United  States,  six  months  ended  June 
30,  are  reported  as  follows,  in  the  meas- 
ures usual  in  the  trade: 

Motal8:           E.^ports.  Imijorts.       Excess. 

Copper,  Ions  tons     132,446  75,589  Exp.       .56  857 

Copper.  1909....      152,781  71..-)22  Exp.       81,259 

Till,  liillK  tons...,             257  24.611  Imp.       24.384 

'I'iii.  1909 339  22.1144  Imp.       21805 

Lead,  sliort  tons.        49.943  5U.1.5K  Imp              -ns 

LeiHl.1909 60,793  58,^2  Imp.         8,039 

Sjieitor,  sh.  tons.           534  2.1in  Imp.        1,576 

Spelter,  1909....          2.188  1,687  Exp.             501 

Nlekel.  Ill 7,4.56,.5g2  16,(;.-,7,.->66  Imp.  9,200,974 

Niikel,  1909....  5.8.50.422  7.792.374  Imp.  1  941  9.52 

Aiitunoiiy.  lb 2,175  5,1119,433  Imp.  :..li)7'-i-.8 

.\iiHmoii.v,  1909.         4.032  (i..i39.43(l  Imp.  0.5551398 

Pliillnuni.nz 55..5.5C,  Imp.       osisDO 

Plntlliiiiii.  1909.    .  .55, ,527  Imp.       .55.527 

Quieksilv.-r.  lb...     120.402     Exp.     12oi402 

Qilieksilver.  '09     IC.3,018      Exp.     163.1118 

Aluminum,  value  $2,fl,ll(i3     Exp.  t284  (163 

Aluminum.  1909     271,398      Exp.     27li398 

Ores.  etc. ; 

Zinc  oxide,  lb.  ..13,034,763      Exp.13,034  7.53 

ZIluM.xIdo. '09.. 15,600,692      E\p.l5  OOll'lJ')') 

Zinc  ili'os:..  11>....  6,766,134      E.\p.  5'7.-,(l'l:U 

Zilic-.li'..S9.'09..10,(>ll9.770      Exp.lll  r.9'.l  770 

Zlncres,  iK.lons        10,!182  33,004  Imp.     '  •2'2](U2 

Zl lie  ores,  1909.          7.081  64,074  Imp.        46,993 

Antlni'.v  or«^M,lb 

Ami.  ores,  1909.              51M  3,4i;3.K97  Ilii[i.  "3.4i'.3',393 

Chrome  ore. tons               3(1  23,3(IK  Imp.        23,'278 

Chi'onieore, '09    18,175  Imp.        18,175 

Copper,  lead  and  nickel  land  antimony 
from  Aug.  5,  1909)  include  the  metal 
contents  of  ores,  matte,  bullion,  etc.  The 
exports  given  include  reexports  of 
foreign  material.  Zinc  contents  of  ore 
imported  in  1910  were  25,257.849  lb,; 
not  reported  prior  to  date  of  new  tariff. 
Quantity  of  antimony  ore  is  n<  t  reported 
this  year,  only  meta!  contents  being 
given.  Imports  of  ?!umini'm  are  hot  re- 
ported. Experts  of  copper  sulphate  this 
year  were  equivalent  to  859.929  lb. 
copper. 


Spanish  Metal  Exports 

Exports  of  metals  and  minerals  from 
Spain,  five  months  ended  ."Vlay  31,  re- 
ported by  Revista  Minera,  in  metric  tons: 


Metals. 
Plf  and  mauur.  iron 

1909. 

25,465 
8,'249 
0,94S 

71,139 
830 

:.'i49 

3.125.:106 

4.587 

489,809 

1.341 

.53,733 

.55I.4'24 

•290.180 

1910. 

18,955 
0,.596 
5,918 

76,(H19 

1,030 

3,825,948 

2.7.S4 

422.625 

1.461 

55,I10C. 
607,!N)1 
•2:17.987 

01 
D. 
D. 
D. 

I. 
D. 
D. 

I. 
D. 
D. 

I. 

I. 

I. 
D. 

ill 

CopiH'r  proclpltftie.. 

Lead 

Zinc 

Quicksilver 

Minerals. 

Iron  ore.; 

Manfiftuese  ore 

1.027 

4.870 

184 

219 

700.642 

1,857 

67,'246 

1'20 

Zinc  ore 

P.vrltes,  iron 

Salt 

1,^274 
66,477 
.52.193 

Imports  of  phosphates,  38,955  tons  in 
1909,  and  47,081  in  1910;  nitrate  of  soda, 
18,287  tons  in  1909,  and  20,533  this  year. 


Zinc  an<j  Lead    Ore    Markets 

Joplin,  Mo.,  July  30 — The  highest  price 
reported  paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was 
$44  per  ton,  the  base  ranging  from  841 
down  to  $37  per  ton  of  tiO  per  cent.  zinc. 
Zinc  silicate  sold  at  $20'</ 23  per  ton  of 
40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average  price,  ail 
grades  of  zinc,  was  $36.66.  Lead  is  still 
$49  per  ton  for  ores  of  80  per  cent,  lead 
or  better,  with  deductions  of  SI  per  ton 
for  each  1  per  cent,  under  grade.  The 
average  price,  all  grades  of  lead,  was 
S48.36  per  ton. 

The  production  was  reduced  abo'jt 
Webb    City    from    a   shoitage    of   electric 


SIITI'MKNTS.    \\K 

KK   I'LXDKH  .TTT.Y  30. 

Zinc.  11) 

Lead  lb. 

Value. 

Weill)  City-Carterville 
Juplin 

3.-2IH1.140 
l,6:i9.(M0 
918  150 
812  570 
(i79..590 
636.870 
3;)6,540 
036.010 
275,450 
3;)8.730 
•295.650 
15(1.760 
•207,1.50 
135,990 
5l.8('fl 
39,700 
•24,540 

('.60,170 

230,62(1 

18,480 

97,990 

37,740 

173,050 

37.580 

63,856 
36,330 

$76,976 

17.890 
17,489 
13,479 
11,1'25 
11,000 
9,905 

All.a-Neck 

Granbv    

Aurora 

5,106 
4,.513 
3,310 
3,(1«() 
2,720 
1.089 
357 

Miami 

Spni-Koon 

liadaiM- 

Sarcxlo 

Sapiiiaw 

Peoria 

221 

Totals 

10.189,970 

1,355.810 

$219,609 

7  months.. 
Zinc  value 
Li'ad  value 


tile 

thi> 


..3.38.010.430  50.189,710    $7.965..508 
I'k,  $l.'«i.S15;         7  mos..  $(;.675,215 


32.791 ; 


mos.,     1,'290,'293 


MONTH  I. V   AVKKACK   TKICKS. 


Mouth. 


.January. . . 
Kebrimry.. 

:\lnrch 

April 

May 

J'-tne 

.Tely 

AuKUSt :  48  25 

Sei.teinlii'r  ..;  47.70 

Dotiiliel^ 49. .VI 

Xovpniher. .  .|  51.31!. 
Di-eeml.er.  ..I  49.45  . 

Your S«8.9S|. 


ZINC  0B£. 


Base  Price. 


$41.25 
36  94 
37.40 
:t8.03 
40.06 
44.15 
43.00 


All  Ores. 


1909.  I  1910. 


LEAD  Oni:. 


All  Ores. 


$41.20! $54.60 


N'oTi: — T'nder  zinc  ore  the  (Irst  two  eol- 
iinins  a'vp  Itn.'^e  prices  for  (10  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  the  second  two  the  avei'aRe  for  nil  ores 
so!d.  Lend  ore  piiees  nie  the  ave.-aae  for 
nil    oi'es    eold. 


292 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


and  natural  gas  supply.  Wage  reduction 
has  taken  place  at  some  of  the  mines  and 
a  further  reduction  is  talked  of.  In  the 
adjustment  of  the  wage  scale  to  the 
lower  level  of  prices  there  will  be  more 
or  less  loss  of  time,  as  many  of  the  min- 
ers will  hold  out  a  week  or  two  before 
accepting  the  reduction.  It  must  come, 
however,  sooner  or  later. 


CHEM ICALS 


'fiw' 


Platteville,   Wis.,  July  30 — No   change 
in  zinc  prices  reported.     Lead,  SSOfi/Sl. 


SHIfMENTS.   WEKK    EN|iEi>   M  l.\ 
Camps. 


Zinc 
pre,  lb. 

Galena 092.990 

Plattevill" 572.700 

Higliland 45l,.5(IO 

Mineral  Point 304 ,3H0 

Cuii.i  Citv 174.780 

SUullsl.urg 01,000 

Livingston 

Linden  

Benton 


Lead    Sulphur 
ore,  lb. 


ore,  lb, 
50,000 
66,000 


80.000 
59,720 
119,990 


Total 

Tear  to  date 


.  2,320,270        084.525        510. OOO 
48.8.59,846    4,.843.)44  12,787,105 


In  addition  to  the  above  there  was 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separating 
plants,  2,998,983  lb.  zinc  concentrates. 


Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent, 
iron  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
$4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
of  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quality  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  or  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  S3f/3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general   quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Zinc  Ore — For  Rocky  .Mountain  blende, 
delivered  at  Kansas  smelting  points,  the 
current  price  is  for  the  zinc  content,  less 
eight  units,  at  the  St.  Louis  price  for 
spelter,  less  ^\4Cii  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore. 
according  to  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin   ore   markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
IK'/ll'^.c.  per  unit,  delivered  at  East- 
ern acid  works;  fines,  lO'/Jfinic.  Pyrites 
containing  arsenic  realize  from  '/jOi  I'jC. 
per  unit  less. 

Tunpsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huehnerite  ores,  $&.5()(<il  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  for  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
ite  ores,  50c. (i/ SI. 50  per  unit  less. 


New  York,  Aug.  3 — The  general  mar- 
ket remains  quiet,  with  no  material 
changes  to  report. 

Copper  Sulphate — Sales  are  on  a  mqd- 
erate  scale,  at  unchanged  prices;  S4  per 
100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and  S4.25  per 
100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — The  market  is  still  weak  and 
sales  have  been  light.  Quotations  are 
S2.25  per  100  lb.  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — The  market  is  more 
active  and  has  a  tendency  to  advance; 
but  quotations  continue  unchanged,  at 
2.10c.  Der  lb.  for  all  positions. 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia — The  production 
of  sulphate  of  ammonia  in  Great  Britain 
for  the  year  1909  was:  From  gas  works, 
164,276;  iron  works,  20,228;  shale  oil 
works,  57,048;  coke  ovens,  82,886;  gas 
producers  and  carbonizing  work,  24,705; 
total  349,143  long  tons,  an  increase  of 
24,915  tons  ovex  the  preceding  year. 

Imports  and  Exports — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  chemicals  and  raw  materials  in 
the  United  States,  six  months  ended 
June  30: 


Imports. 

Exports. 

Excess. 

Copper  sulph.  lb. 

3,439,717  E. 

3.439.717 

O'plier  sul.,  "09 

1,973,995  E. 

1 .973.995 

Bleach,  lb  

46,540,428 

I. 

40,.540,428 

Bleach,  19i  9.. . . 

43,934,240 

10.007   I. 

43,923,039 

P..ta.sh  salts,  lb. 

293,5.54,305 

1.994.535   I. 

291,5.->'.1,830 

Potash  salts,'09  190.201.344 

1,7.83,550   I. 

188,4.7,794 

Soda  salts,  lb.    .. 

10,809,329 

204,078   I. 

10,544,051 

Soda  salts.  1909 

7,419,81)8 

348,022   I. 

7.1171. 846 

Acetate  lime.  lb. 

33,930,749  E, 

33,930,749 

.Acetate,  1909... 

42,582,215  E. 

42,582,215 

Nit.  of  soda,  tons 

322,799 

4,030   I. 

318,7(3 

Nitrate,  1909... 

181,1,59 

4,884   I. 

170,273 

Phosphates,  tons 

10,277 

512.105  E. 

501,892 

Pho.sphates,  '09 

0.077 

450.338  E. 

444,201 

Sulphur,  tons 

10,072 

9,107   I. 

(;.965 

Sulphur.  1909.. 

14,032 

9.838  I. 

4.794 

Pyrites,  tons 

391,929 

I. 

391, •,129 

Pvrites.  1909.  .. 

334,813 

I. 

3.-,4,sl3 

Magnesite.  lb. . . . 

103,304,329 

1,913,994    I. 

128,390,:«5 

Magiiesite,  1909 

Exports  include  reexports  of  foreign 
material.  Figures  for  magnesite  not  re- 
ported prior  to  July  1,  1909.  Estimating 
sulphur  contents  of  pyrites,  the  total  im- 
ports of  sulphur  in  1910  were  172.844 
tons. 


6< 


MINING-STOCKS 


New  York,  Aug.  3 — The  general  stock 
mrrksts  for  the  week  have  shown  no  def- 
inite tendency,  but  have  been  heavy  and 
irregular  on  dealings  which  were  almost 
entirely  professional.  The  public  is  do- 
ing little  or  nothing  in  the  way  of  buy- 
ing and  selling  stocks  just  now.  At  the 
close  there   was  a  sharp  upward  turn. 

Sloss-Sheffield  was  sold  down  on  ru- 
mors that  the  dividend  would  be  reduced. 
No  definite  statement  with  regard  to  this 
has   appeared. 

The  Curb  followed  the  lead  of  the  Ex- 
change for  the  most  part.  The  Cobalt 
stocks  and  the  gold  stocks  did  not  receive 
much  attention.  The  copper  shares  were 
dull  and  irregular,  with  only  fractional 
changes.  For  the  most  part  the  trading 
dragged,  but  there  was  a  marked  im- 
provement today. 


Auction  sales  of  mining  securities  in 
New  York,  July  28,  were:  100  sharss 
Tennessee  Copper  Company,  S25  par, 
S20.50  per  share;  5000  shares  Mountain 
View  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  S2 
for  the  lot;  lot  consisting  of  1000  shares 
and  $2000  bonds  of  Phoenix  Gold  Min- 
ing Company,  500  shares  .Mturas-Senate 
Mining  Company,  with  2192  shares  vari- 
ous manufacturing  companies,  $255  for 
the  lot. 


Boston,  Aug.  2 — There  is  little  change 
to  note  in  the  local  copper-share  market. 

COITEIi    PRODTTTTOX  REPORTS. 

Copper   content.s   of  blister  copper,    in  pounds. 


Corapanv. 

April. 

May. 

June, 

Arizona.  Ltd 

2,340.000 
1,109,311 
2.777,800 
9.920,000 
2,400,000 
4,262,000 
1,930,(KHI 
800,000 
5,.822  351 
2,325,000 
1.288,000 
2,1:M  (HIO 
7,902,043 
25,000,000 
16,250,000 

2,610,000 

1,148,762 

2,735,080 

10,283,856 

1,778,000 

4,300,000 

2,035,039 

7011,000 

6  104.493 

2,174.O<)0 

1.320.(100 

2.276,(H)0 

8,802.913 

24,850.000 

19,250,000 

2,802,000 
1,226,000 
2,115,314 
10.219.087 
2.490.1H)0 
4.280,000 
2  017  000 

Boleo  (Mexic.i) 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  A:  -\iiz 

Cananea  (Mexico). 
Detroit 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Dominion 

800,000 
6,18(;.,><32 
2,092,000 
l..')28,000 

Superior  &  Pitts 

Utah  Copper  Co 

Butte  District 

Lake  Superior 

2.245.000 

8,3,">,s.4'.'0 

23.7.'.ll,(illll 

18,000.000 

Total  production 
Imports,  bars,  etc.. 
Imp.  in  ore  ,S:  matte 

87  257.105 
21,180,396 
12,527,.371 

90,495,342 

24,850,919 

6,487,243 

88.130.329 

20.817,978 

5,579,618 

Total 

120,964.872 

121,833,504 

114,627,913 

lUitTe  flislrk-r  and  Lake  Superior  figures  are 
estimated :  others  are  reports  received  fnni 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  production  of 
Cananea.  and  tliat  part  of  Copper  Queen  pro- 
duction whicli  comes  from  Xacozari.  R!:leii 
copper  does  not  come  to  American  refiners. 
Tiali  Copner  report  includes  the  output  uf 
tlie    Boston    mill. 


STATISTICS    OK   COPPER. 


Month. 

Fnlted 

States 

Product' n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliverleo 
tor  Export. 

VIII.  1909 

IX      

120,697.234 
118,023,139 
124  (i.57,709 
121,018,369 
117,828,055 

69,614,207 
62,105,965 
66.369,617 
66,867,873 
09,519,,501 

48.382,704 
50,077.777 
66,201,238 
55  206  595 

X 

XI 

XII     

59,54(1,570 

Year 

1,405,41B,056 

705,051  ,.591 

680,942,620 

I.  1910 

11 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI        

11C.,.547,2K7 
112.712.493 
120,ll(;7,467 
117.477,039 
123,242,471- 
127,219,188 

78.1.5S.387 
66.018,322 
62.844,818 
67,985.931 
59  305,222 
63,363,196 

81,(591 .672 

37.309,.518 

40.585.767 

31  332.434  t 

45.495.400i 

65,895.MU 

VII 

1 

Visible  Stocks, 

United 
States. 

Europe,          Total.   J 

Mil,  1909 

IX 

12J.590.ia.7 
135.190.930 
151.472.772 
163..-,(,9,626 
163,IH13,627 
141,760.111 
98,403,339 
107,187,992 
123,824,874 
141,984.1,59 
160.425.973 
168,:!80,017 

171.492,1(»      294,088.767 
197,993  600  1     333  19(1  .5.1(1 

X 

\I 

210,224,000 
222,.56U,40<I 
230,857,000 
244,204.800 
248.2:)i;.8(HI 
2.54.1.50.4011 
249.025.c,(lll 
246.870,411(1 
239.I42.JO0 
232.892.8(K1 
222,320,(XH) 

361.690,772 
376,07i;,ll26 
389,Slil.l27 
386.9711.911 
346.7(lll.i:t9 
361.3:I8.:!92 
373.460.474 
3,S8.834,.58'.' 

XII      

I     1910 

11 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

399,6(;H,,17.S 

VII 

401,278.817 

VIII 

Kii:uros  are  in  pounds  of  tine  copDcr.  V.  S. 
pn>diu-tion  includes  all  oopjier  refined  in  this 
(ciuntry.  both  from  domestic  and  imp«u'ted 
material.  Visible  stocks  are  those  rep'^ii'tpd 
on  the  first  day  of  each  monlh,  as  broiij;ht 
over  from   the  preceding  month. 


I 


August  6,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


293 


A  firm  tone  prevails  generally,  but  there 
is  an  entire  absence  of  commission  busi- 
ness. Traders  rally  a  few  specialties 
occasionally.  Late  strength  has  been 
shown  in  North  Butte,  Lake  Copper  and 
Utah   Consolidated. 

Nothing  is  expected  of  the  market  un- 
til it  adjusts  itself  to  prevailing  condi- 
tions. The  sharp  break  in  New  York 
stocks  has  had  a  depressing  effect,  al- 
though it  has  not  caused  any  material 
weakness    in    copper-share    prices. 

Today's  sharp  advance  in  Amalgamated 
brought  no  great  response  from  the  local 
copper-share  list,  although  the  undertone 
was  strong. 

Nothing  of  special  interest  has  oc- 
curred on  the  Curb.  Calaveras  Copper 
continues  under  manipulation.  The  stock 
quoted  is  pooled  stock  and  is  no  fair 
criterion  of  the  actual  market. 

.\HHi'HHUH^nlH 


TIN    .\T    NKW    YdKK 


S.\X   KKAXClSCd. 


AUK. 


Company. 


DoliiKj.     Sale,    i  Ann. 


AlpliaCon..  Nov 

Bf8l  &  Belcher.  Nev 

Blackjack.  Utah 

Bullh'n,   Nev 

C»'n.  Imperial.  Nav 

Cou.  VlrKlnla,  Nev 

Ely  Cons..  Nev 

O'lUliI  Jt  Curry,  Nov 

Hale  &  NnrcroH.s,  Nev 

Hancock  Con..  Mich 

Julia.  Nev 

Kliii;  Philip  Ceppor.  Mich. 

Live  Onk.  Ariz. 

L<»wer  Mammoth.  Utah.. . . 

Mexican.  Nev    

New  York.  Utah 

0|iex,  I'tfth 

Ophlr.  Nev 

Raven.  Mich 

Scorpion.  NeT 

silver  Hill.  Nev 

Winona,  Mich 


>loiitliIy   AvernBre   PriocN  of  MetiilN 


SII.VKU 

Montli. 

New  Tork.      Lt.naon. 

1909.     1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

anuary 

•■•ebruary 

.11, 7511  .w.;i7.'>  2:i  M4;i 
r>iA~-i  .'il.'.iH  2:i.7iiii 

24.154 
23.794 

iprll 

(ay 

.V2   '.Ml.')  .'i:t  HTll 

2:1. 70K 
■24.  ;u:) 
24.  mil 
23.519 

24 . 4K3 
'*4  797 

24.li61 

25.034 

uly 

.'■>l!043|.'i4J.')O 

r>\  125 

;  'ember 

,'>1.440 
1)0  923 
60.703 
62.226 

23.743 

1  rnher 

23.351 
24.030 

1  'lal 

SI  502 

Xt'W    York,    ci'nts    per    fine    ounce:    l-ondnn. 
tire    per    standard    ounce. 

roi'i'i:u. 


I 


inuary.. 

ebruory. 

arch.     . 
orll 


NKW  TOBK. 


Electrolytic        Lake. 


13.H9I 
12,949 
I2.3H7 
12  5|-,' 


ik'UHt 

[itemher  . 


'■rnlier. 
'■rnber. 


Hear 12.9»2 


12 ,893  12 

13,214ll2 

Vi.HttI)  12 

W.IKI' 

12.H70 

12.700 

13.125 

13.28H 


28(1 
295 
82(; 
93; 
238 
.-,48 
3r.3 
290 
.210 
o:to 
:»4 

547 


London. 


1909.     1910. 


.198 
.088 
1.231 
,  303 

1.3381 


92:t 

38« 
214 
238 
313 
310 
ll|.'>K..-,.5r,  .-,4   104 


13.335 


I 


.58.732 


I  New  York,  cents  p.T  pnnnd.  Rlectroly tic  Is 
"  inkci.  Inccils  or  wlrehars.  London,  pounds 
''I'"'.",   per    lon._'    Inn.    .<lan(lard   copper. 


M..mh. 

r.xKi. 

1910.  1 

Month.        19U9.  1  1910. 

January  .  . . 
February  . . 

Mnrdi 

April 

May 

Juno 

2S.06U 
28.290 
28.727 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

32.7(Ki 
32  920 
32.403 
32.970 
33.125 
32.7r.9l 

iJuiy 

AucUHt 

September. 

October 

November.. 
Iliecember.. 

1    Av.  Year.. 

29.125 
29.9(i« 
;W.293 
30.475 
,30.859 
32.913 

32.  IMS 

29.726 

I'riiM'K  ail'   in   cenis   pf r   i)onnd. 


ij:An 


Month. 

New 

York. 

St.  L 

>uis. 

L'.n 

l..n. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

P.VJ. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

Mav 

4. 17.'-) 
4.U18 
3.98(1 
4.108 
4.287 
4.3.)(t 
4.321 
4.3(i3 
4.342 
4.341 
4.37(1 
4.500 

4.7(H) 
4.013 
4.4.59 
4.37C. 
4.315 
4.343 
4.404 

4.025 
3.808 
3.8;l5 
4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4 .  227 
4.215 
4.215 
4.2,52 
4.459 

4.. 582 
4.445 
4.307 
4.225 
4.104 
4.-07 
4.291 

13.113 
13.313 
13.438 
13.297 
13.225 
13.031 
12.503 
12.476 
12.781 
13.176 
13.047 
13.125 

13.060 
13.328 
13.0('.3 
12.041 
12  550 

June 

July 

12.088 
12  531 

AuKu.st 

September  . . 

Octobor 

November... 
December.. . 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New    York   and    Si.    I, mils,   cents   pi 
Li^ndiin,   pounds  slerliu;;  per   Ion;;   tm 

SPKI/PKU 


p.innd. 


New 

York. 

St.  L 

ouls. 

London. 

1909. 

191(1. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

5.141 
4 .  889 
4.-57 
4.905 
6  124 
6.402 
6.402 
5.729 
6.790 
6.199 
6.381 
6.249 

O.IOl 
6 ,  509 
5.037 
6.439 
5.191 
6.128 
S.1.52 

4.991 
4 .  739 
4.007 
4.816 
4.974 
6.2.52 
6.252 
5.. 579 
6.04G 
0.043 
0.231 
6.099 

5.951 
5.419 
5.487 
6.289 
6. (HI 
4,97H 
5,  (11 12 

21.425 
21.502 
21.438 
21.. 531 
21.975 
2'J    11(111 
21    9I'.9 
22.125 
22.906 
23.200 
23.188 
23.094 

23.3.50 
23.188 
23.031 
22.409 
22 . IIMI 
22  219 

July 

22  400 

August 

September  . . 

Octobor 

November.. . 
December. .. 

Year 

5.503 

5.3,52 

22.201 

New    York   and    St.    Lnnis.   cents   per   pound, 
.ondon.  pounds  sterling  per  lout^  ton. 

rincKs  OK  i'i<;  luox  at  imttshtui;. 


IJessemer. 

Basle. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910.     1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February.... 

March 

April 

May 

$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
16.79 
15.77 
10.13 
10  40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 

*19.90 
18.96 
18.63 
18.28 
17.10 
10, 52 
16.40 





$16.40 
16.09 
16.84 
16.06 
16.02 
16.84 
16.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.. 37 
18.16 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16  84 
15.94 
15,60 
15.40 

$16.20 
16.90 
15.62 
15.00 
15.08 
16.03 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 

17.38 
17.00 
10.76 
16. 18 
15  5:{ 

July 

15  40 

Auf;u8t 

Sf^ptember  .  . 
October..    .. 
November... 
December. . . 

Year 

tl7.46 

»10.46 

$16.40 



STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Aug.    2     SALT  LAKE  AuK 


Name  of  Comp. 


Listed : 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'kOon.. 

C.  K.  k  N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Pas 

P^annle  Rawlins. . 

Findlnv 

(lolil  Dollar 

Oold  Sovereign... 

Isabella 

Mary  McRlnney.. 

Piiarniaclat 

Portland 

Vindicator 

W,.rk 

Unlisted: 

Oolden  Cvcle 

United  OoldMines 


Bid. 


.058 
.02J 
.IRJ 
.10 
.7fii 
.^6 
J. 1)5) 
.10 

.03 
.18 

t.53 
.93 

1.13 
.92 
.03" 

1.00 


Name  ot  Comp. 


Carisa 

Colorado  Mlnine. 
Columbus  Con. . . 

Daly  Judge 

Grand  Central 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  Bell 

Little  Cliief 

Lower  Mammoth. 

Mason  Vallt»y 

MaJ.   Mines 

May  Day 

Nevada  Hills 

New  York 

Prince  Con 

Red  Warrior 

Sliver  KingCoaPn 

Sioux  Con 

Uncle  Sam 

Victoria 


Clg. 

.19 
.31 
.46} 

4.60 

1.03 
.72 

l.IO 
.22 
.15 

6.. 50 

2.25 

J.  13 

.69 

C.IK) 

2.074 

.20} 

.20 

1.07} 


Name  ot  Comp.      Clg. 


coMSTocK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher  

Best  k  llelchor 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Cou 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  tal.  &  Va.... 

Cl'own  Point 

Excheiiuer 

(Jnuld  &  Curry 

Halo  k  Norcross. . 

Mexican 

Ophlr 

("Iverman 

Potosl     

Savage 

Sif.rra  Nevada 

Union  C..n 

Yellow  Jacket 


J. 09 
.70 
.33 
.46 
.18 
.20 
.66 
.81 
.56 
.17 
.23 
.26 


Name  of  Comp.    Clg, 


MISC.  NEVADA 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butli^r 

MacNainara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

.\tlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Bxtension 

Oro 

Red   Hill 

Sandstorm 

Silver  Pick,., 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con .. 


3.87 
.Ot 
.22 
.32 
.28. 
.06 
.59 
.12 
.13 

t.0« 
.04 
.49 
.02 
.61 
.09 
.02 
.04 
.07 
.10 
.04 


X.  Y.  EXlH. 


Aug. 


Name  ot  Comp. 

Amalgamated .... 
,\m.  .\grl.  Chem  . . 
.\m.Sni.*Ket..coni 
Am.  Sin.  iBcI..pf. 

Anaconda 

Bethli-h.-m  Steel.. 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  k  I 
Colo.  Fuel  k  Iron, 
Du  Pent  P'd'r.  i>f. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 
Great  Nor. .  ore ctf. 
Nat'nalLf^ad.com. 
National  Lead.  pf. 

Nev.  Consol 

Pittsburg  Coal 

RepublicI*S.coni, 
Republic  I  &S,  pf, 
SlossSboQl'd.com, 
SI08S  Sheffield,  pf , 
Tennessee  Copper 

UtalU'opper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com 
U.  S.  Steel,  pf.. 
Va.  t'ar.  Chem . 


clg. 


64 

J35 

OCK 
101  )i 

38 

24« 

t^H 
27'., 

ma 

J.55 
53 
50 

;iuo)-j 

19 
15 

28« 
89 
57 
J103 
22  >i 
44 '4 
6834 
115 


N.  Y.  CURB  Aug.    ■. 

Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


Bonanza  Creek. .. 

Boston  Copper 

Braden  Copper. . . 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition.. . 

Caledonia 

Chlno 

Cobalt  Central 

Cobalt  Pmv 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

Cumberland  Ely.. 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Gilat-'opper 

Gironx 

Gold  Hill 

Goldlleld  Con 

Greene  Cananea. . 

Guannjimto 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 
Mont.  Shoshone. . 
Mont.-Tonoliah. . . 
Nev.  Utah  M.  ft  8. 

New  Baltic 

Newhouse  M.  k  8. 
Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  k  M.. 

Bay  Central 

Bay  Con 

Silver  (^ueen 

Standard   Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah 

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-Bnlllon 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop.. 
Yukon  (Sold 


3 
18 

3>i 

6 

2K 
18 

1 
12 
10 
69 

9 

]n 
.21 

3>4 

V' 

B>4' 

'A 

»% 

6Ji 

1« 
186 

7« 

.96 

19%  I 

69 

.37  >i 
.98 


.36 
600     I 

8,'4 

.84 
% 
2,'. 
4A 


LONDON        Aiig.    8 


Name  of  Com, 


Dolores 

Stratton'slnd. 

Camp  Bird 

Esp4*ran2a.... 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Orovlllo. 


0  3 

1  7 

2  13 

0  10 

1  6 
0   0 

Mexico  MInosi  tl^ 


Clg. 


BOSTON  EXCH.  Aug.    2 


Name  of  Comp. 


Adventure 

jAllouez 

jAm.  Ziuc 

.Al'cadian 

Arizona  Com 

JAtlantlc 

'Boston  Con 

Butte  4:  Balak.... 
Calumet  k  Ariz... 
Calumet  k  Uecla. 

ICentiMinlal 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granbj' 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

.Keweenaw 

Lake 

(La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

iNorlh  Butte 

'North  Lake 

OJibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osc(^ola 

Parrot.... 

Qulncy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  k  Host.. 
Suijerior  k  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Smg.  &Ref.. 
U.8.8m.&Re.,pd. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria  

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


Clg. 


*H 

38 

22  .V 
i}i 

U'i 

G 
15 
10% 
.51)1^ 
620 
IS 

5 
62 

6X 

7 
lOJi 
3U^ 
16Ji 

2 
11  Vi 

l6^4' 
■iX 

36 
9>S 
7 

19 

23  Jf 
-'K 
B% 

33  >i 
122 
12 
70 

9K 
41% 

8>i 
19>» 
62 

*H 
30  .S 
46'.; 

2H 
23X 

2X 

6Jf 
109 

IK 


BOSTON  CURB   Aug.    2 


Name  of  i^omp. 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines. . 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons .... 

('uns.  Ariz 

Corbin 

t'rown  Reserve.... 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

iNafl  Mine 

N(*ya(Ia-DougIas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

8hattuck-Arlz. .. 

South  Lake 

Superior  ^  Globe 

Tretht>wey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Clg. 


146 
3 

1% 

10% 
.06 
8« 
lA 

J'» 

3« 

7 
.04 
.60 
.17 

2% 

1« 
.16 

V^ 

6 
.28 

.ll« 


»      tl.ast  quotation. 


294 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


ryiyiu     vyiot    xkxx     xxxx     nn     mx     xxxx     xxxx     xxyy     xnxx     xxxy    XXXX    XXXK    XXXX    XXXK    XXXX    XXJIX — i(JUiJ 


/^  THE    MINING    INDEX  ^ 

A  CLASSIFIED  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF^THE  CURRENT  ^ 
"^LITERATURE    OF  MINING  AND  METALLURGY. 


i(xnx      xxnx      VXMV      xiiKX      vv^x      x»»n      xYvy      Kxvii      XXXX     XU\     -urn      XXXX      XXXX      XXKX     XXAX      XXXX     J()00(      mt 


TUis  index  is  a  convenient  reference  to  the 
current  literature  of  minins  and  metallurgy 
published  in  all  of  the  important  periodicals 
of  the  wcMld.  We  will  furnish  a  copy  of  any 
article  (if  in  print  i.  in  the  original  language, 
for  the  price  quoted.  Where  no  price  is 
quoted  .the  cost  is  unknown.  Inasmuch  as 
the  papers  must  be  ordered  from  the  pub- 
lishers, there  will  be  some  delay  for  foreign 
papers.  Remittance  must  l)e  sent  with  order. 
Coupons  are  furnished  at  the  following  prices  : 
2(ic.  each,  six  for  .$1.  33  for  .$,"),  and  100  for 
Sl."i.  When  remittances  are  made  in  even 
dollars,  we  will  return  the  excess  over  an 
order  in   coupons  if  so  requested. 

COAL    A>D   COKE 

12.958  —  ACCIDENTS  —  I.es  Accidents  du 
Grisou  (y  compris  les  Explo.sions  de  I'ous- 
siftres)  Survenus  dans  les  Mines  de  Ilouille 
de  Belgique  de  18;il  a  ItMitl.  V.  Watteyne 
and  Ad.  Brevre.  I  Ann.  des  Mines  de  P.elgique, 
Vol.  XV,   No.   2.   llllo;    140   pp..   illus.  i 

12,n."in  —  ACCIDENTS  —  I.es  Degagements 
Instantaues  de  (Irisou  dans  les  Mines  de 
Houille  de  Belgique  (periode  de  I,'<;i2-l!>n8). 
Simon  Stassart  and  Emmanuel  Lemaire.  (Ann. 
des  Mines  de  Belgique,  Vol.  XV,  No.  2,  1910  ; 
152  Vi    PP.>    illus.) 

12,960  —  ALBEUTA  —  Coal  Fields  of  the 
Grand  Trunli  I'acitic  Railway,  in  the  Foot- 
hills of  the  Rocliy  Mountains,  Alberta.  D.  B. 
Dowling.  ( Sum'mary  report.  Geol.  Surv. 
Branch,  Dept.  of  Mines.  Canada.  1909 :  13 
pp.) 

12,901  —  BREAKER  —  The  Beaver  Brool; 
Breaker  at  Audiuiried,  I'enn.  Truman  M. 
Dodson.  .Ir.  (Mines  and  Minerals.  July, 
1910:    3   pp..    illus.)     20c. 

12,962 — BRITISH  COI.T"MBI.\ — The  Hos- 
mer  Mines.  Ltd..  British  Columbia.  Harry  H, 
Yuill.  (tjuart.  Bull.  Can.  Min.  Inst.,  .lune, 
1910:   35  pp.,   illus.) 

12.9R3 — CALORIMETERS  —  A  Comparison 
of  Different  Types  of  Calorimeters  for  Solid 
Fuels.  L.  L.  Lloyd  and  G.  W.  Parr.  (.Tourn. 
Soc.    Chem.    Ind.,    .Tune    30,    1911):    1%    pp.  i 

1'>r)(;4 — COKE — -\n  Automatic  Coke  Wat- 
ei-er.  William  L.  Atfelder.  (Mines  and  Min- 
erals, July,  1910;   1%   pp.,  illus.)   4()c. 

12.96.5 — COKE — The  Collin  Regenerative 
By-l"roduct  Coke  Oven.  Clarence  S.  Lomas. 
(Progressive  Age,  .Inly  1,  1910;  1%  PP-. 
illus.)    20c. 

12  n6(i — COKE  OVENS — Semet-Solvay  Coke 
Ovens  and  Bv-I'roducts  Recovery  Plant  at 
Dean  &  Chapter  Colliery.  (Coll.  Guard.,  July 
15,   1910;    11/2    pp.,   illus.)    40c. 

12.967 — DT'ST — The  Ignition  of  Coal  Dust 
by  single  Electric  I'lashes.  W.  M.  Thornton. 
(Trans..  No.  of  England  Inst,  of  Min.  and 
Mech.    Engrs.,    June,    1910:    24 H    pp.,    illus.) 

12,968 — ELECTRICITY  at  the  Shamrock  I 
and  II  Colliery,  Heme,  Westphalia,  Germany. 
Henry  M.  Hudspeth.  (Trans.,  No.  of  England 
Inst. 'of  Min.  and  Mech.  Engrs.,  June,  1910: 
16</.    iip.,   illus.  I 

lof)(i() — ELECTRICITY  in  Mining  Opera- 
tions. J.  Glvnn  Williams.  (Iron  and  Coal 
Tr.    Rev.,   July    1,    1910;    I-';,    pp..    illus.)    4()c. 

12,970 — ELECTRICri'Y  in  West  Virginia 
Mines.  R.  Neil  Williams.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ.,  July  2,   1!)1():  4  pp.,  illus.)   20c. 

12.971 — ELECTRICITY — The  Earthed  Con- 
centric System  for  Direct-Current  Colliery 
Cables.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev..  June  17. 
1910;  2%  pp.)  Paper  before  Instn.  of  Min. 
Elec.    Engrs.      40c. 

12,972  —  ELECTRICITY  —  The  Electrifica- 
tion of  Murlon  Colliery.  County  Durham.  E. 
Seymour  Wood.  (Trans.,  No.  of  England 
Inst.  Min.  and  Mech.  Engrs.,  June,  1910; 
22 V4    pp.,    illus.) 

12,n7.'?  —  LABOUEUS  in  the  Bituminous 
Coal  Industry.  ( lOng.  and  Min.  Journ..  July 
n,    1910;    2\C    pp.)    20c. 

12.974~MINING — Method  of  Workiii';  a 
Steep  Coal  Seam  at  Coal  Creek  Mine  Iti  Wash- 
ington. Austin  Y'.  Hoy.  (Kng.  ;iu(l  Mlu. 
Jotirn.,    June    25.    1910;    2<:,    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

12,975  IMINING — Systematic  Exploitation 
In  the  Pittsburg  Coal  Seam.  F.  Z.  Scliellen- 
beig.  (Bull.  A.  I.  M.  E..  July.  1910:  12  pp., 
lilus.)    40c. 

12,976 — PEAT— Geologic     Bearing    of     the 


I'eat  Beds  of  Anticosti  Island.  W.  11.  Twen- 
hofel.  (Am.  Journ.  Sci.,  July,  1!)10 ;  7  pp.) 
40c. 

12.977 — RESCUE  APPAR.\TrS — Vergleich- 
ende  Versuclie  mil  Atmungsappaiaten. 
Grahn.  (Gliickauf.  June  11,  21/0  pp.,  illus.) 
4()e. 

12.978 — REFUGE  CHAMBERS  in  Mines. 
(Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  June  18.  l'.)10 :  1 '4 
pp..  illus.)  Plan  prepared  for  mines  at 
Charloroi,    Penn.      20c. 

12.979 — SHAFT  SINKING  —  The  Sinking 
and  Equipping  of  Penallta  Colliery,  (ieoige 
<;.  Ilann.  (Coll.  Guard..  July  15.  191() :  2 
pp.,  illus.)  From  Trans.  So.  Wales  Instn.  of 
Engrs.     40c. 

12,980— SPONTANEOUS  COMBUSTION  of 
Coal.  Edgar  Stanslield.  ((Juart.  Bull.  Can. 
Min.    Inst.,  June,   1910;   32   pp..   illus.) 

12,981 — TUBBING — The  Tubbing  and  Ue- 
tubliiug  of  Shafts.  (;.  R.  Thompson.  (Iron 
and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  July  1,  1910;  3  pp.,  illus.) 
I'aper  before  Nat.  Assn.  Colliery  Managers. 
40c. 

12,982 — WATER  SOFTENING  and  Purify- 
ing Plant  at  Hickleton  Main  Colliery.  (Iron 
and  Coal  Tr.  Rev..  July  15,  1910;  1  p., 
illus.)    40c. 

COPPER 

12,983 — ALASKA — Copper  River  &  North- 
western Railroad,  Alaska.  L.  W.  Storm. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  9,  1910;  2i<. 
pp..    illus.)    20c, 

12.984 — ARIZONA — Copper  Mining  in  Met- 
calf  District,  Ariz.  Peter  B.  Scotland.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  Journ.,  July  Ki,  1910;  5\<,  pp., 
illus.)    20c. 

12.985 — ARIZONA  —  Mining  Disseminated 
Ore  at  Miami.  (Mines  and  Methods.  June. 
1910  ;  8  pp.,  illus.  I  Conclusion  of  article  pre- 
viously indexed.  Discusses  general  principles 
and  details  of  the  mining  methods  to  be  used 
at  Inspiration  and  Miami  properties.     20c. 

12.986 — ARIZONA — >Iining  at  Miami,  Ariz. 
R.  L.  Ilerrick.  (Mines  and  Minerals.  July. 
191(1;  (i  pp..  illus.  I  Developments  in  the  In- 
spiration. Keystone.  Live  Oak,  Cordova  and 
Miami    mines.      40c. 

12,987  —  CHLORIDIZING  ROASTING  of 
Cupious  Pyrites  Cinders.  Sten  Lil,ia.  (Met. 
and  Chem. "Eng.,  .Tuly,  1910;  5  pp..  illus.)  40c. 
12,988 — CONVERTERS — Copper  Converters 
with  Basic  Lining.  Redick  R.  Moore.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  Journ..  June  23,  1910:  3%  pp., 
illustrated.)    20c. 

12.9.89 — MATTE  CONVERTING — Convert- 
ing Copper  M:i((es.  II.  Schroder.  (Aust. 
Min.  Stand..  June  1  and  8,  1910;  41/2  pp., 
illus.)    60c. 

12  990 — MEXICO  —  Cananea  Consolidated 
Copper  Company  in  1909.  L.  D.  Ricketts, 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  July  9,  1910;  3% 
pp.)    20c. 

12.991 — MEXICO — Cananea  Mining  Dis- 
trict of  Sonora.  Mexico.  S.  F.  Emmons. 
(Econ.  (reol.,  June.  1910;  47  pp.,  illus.)  (iOc. 
12.992 — MEXICO — Los  Pllares  Mine.  Naco- 
zari,  Mexico.  Courtenav  De  Kalb.  (Min.  and 
Sci.  Press,  June  IS,  1910;  3Vi  pp..  illus.) 
20c. 

12.99,3 — NEVADA — Tbe  Yerlngton  Copper 
District.  Jay  A.  Carpenter.  (Min.  and  Sci. 
Press.   July   2,    1910:   5   pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

12.994 — QUEBEC — Early  Copper  Mining 
in  tbe  Province  of  Quebec.  .Tames  Douglas. 
(tjuiirt.  Bull.  Can.  Min.  Inst.,  .Tune,  1910; 
19    pp.) 

12.995 — SMELTERY' — Recent  rrevelopments 
at  liie  Craiiliv  Smeltery.  Frank  K.  Lathe. 
(Quart.  Itull.Can.  Min.  Inst.,  June,  1910; 
17    pp..    illus.) 

12  996 — SMEI,TERy  SMOKE — Baghouse  at 
the  Mammoth  Smeltery.  (Salt  Lake  Min.  Rev., 
July    15.    191();    1    p.)    20c. 

12.997  —  SMELTING  —  Cananea  Furnace 
Practice.  C.  De  Kalb.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
July    2.    1911);    3 1 ',    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

12.998 — SMELTING  WORKS  of  Teziutlan 
Copper  Company.  A.  Van  Zwaluwenl)urg. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  .Tourn.,  July  23.  1910;  31.J 
pp..   Illus.)    20c. 

12.999  SPAIN — Tlie  Pvrltic  Deposits  of 
Ilneha.  Siialn.  A.  M.  Flnlayson.  (Econ. 
Geol..  June.   1910:  10%   pp..   Illus.)    C.Oc. 


13,000  —  SPAIN    AND    PORTUGAI Tin- 

Copper  Mines  of  Soutliern  Spain  and  I'ori- 
ugal.  (Min.  Journ..  June  18,  1910;  Hi  pp  1 
Conclusion  of  article  previously  indexed.    4or. 

13.001 — TENNESSEE  COPPER  COMP.^NV. 
Report  of.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  2. 
1910:   11,2   pp.)    20c. 

GOLD    AND    SILVER 

13.002 — .\FI!ICA — Statistical  Position  nf 
West  African  Cold  Mines.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ..   July    IG.    1910;   1 V^    pp.)    20c. 

13.oo:i — AMALGAMATION  —  Electro-Amal- 
gamation. Elmer  E.  Carey.  (Pacific  Miner, 
June,    1910;    1  V'2    PP.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.004— ASSAYING — Wet  Gold-Assay  for 
Prospectors.  James  W.  Ilowson.  (Min.  and 
Sci.   Press,   June  25,    1910;    1%    pp.)    2()c. 

13,005 — BRITISH  COLI'MBIA — Gold  Ores 
in  the  Lardeau  District,  B.  C.  Newton  W. 
Emmens.  (Min.  Wld.,  June  25,  1910;  4 '.^ 
pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

]r!,006  —  CALIFORNIA  —  Mining  on  the 
Mother  Lode  in  Amador  County,  California. 
William  H.  Storms.  1  Min.  and  Sci.  Press. 
June    18,    1910;    3  pp.,   illus.)     20c. 

13.007 — CYANIDATION  —  Commercial  I'e- 
tassium  Cyanide.  .1.  E.  ('lennell.  (Eng.  and 
Min.    Journ..    June   25,    1910;    2   pp.  1    2oc. 

1 3,00s  — CYANIDATION  —  Crushing  Ma 
chines  for  Cyanide  Plants.  Mark  R.  Laiuli 
(Bull.  A.  I.  M.  E.,  July,  1910:  4y2  pp.1 
40c. 

13.009 — CYANIDATION — Proposed  Simpli- 
fication  of   the  Cyanide   I'rocess.      Bruno   Mie 


risch.     (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  June  25,  1910; 
1^2    pp..  illus.)    20c. 

13.010  —  CYANID.VTION  —  Refining  Zinc- 
Box  Precipitate  with  Sulphurous  Aci(i.  Bray- 
ton  P.  Campbell.  (Pacific  Miner.  June, 
1910;    1    p.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.011  —  CYANIDATION  —  Variables  In 
fluenring  Cyanide  Plant  Design.  Mai'k  XI. 
Lamb.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  2,  191o; 
1    p.)    20c. 

13,012 — DREDGINO — Gold  Dredging  and 
Rock  Crusliing  in  California.  George  Bow- 
ers. (Eng.  Rec,  July  16,  1910;  2  pp..  illus.' 
20c. 

13.013 — DREDGING  —  Less    Known    fii 
Dredges  in   California.      W.    M.    Knox.      (Miii 
and  Sci.  Press,  July   2,   1910;    l^i,   pp..   illus. 
20c. 

1.'?.014 — DRY  CONCENTRATION  of  Ami 
ferous  Gravel.  J.  B.  Jardine.  (Pacific  Min- 
er,   June,    1910;    1%    pp.)    20c. 

13.013  —  GEORGIA  —  Gold  Deposits  . 
Georgia.  E.  K.  Soper.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Pres 
June    25,    1910;    2    pp.)    20c. 

13.016 — HYDRAULIC  MINlNfJ- The  Long- 
Tom  and  Hydraulic  Mining  In  California. 
R  II.  Campbell.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press.  Jum 
23,    1910;    I'.j    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

13.017 — ID.VIIO — Boise  Basin,  Idaho.  W.  A 
Scott.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  July  16,  191" 
3    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.018  —  I.IXIVIATION  —  Notas    sobre    1; 
lixiviation     de     la     Plata.       S.     Jochaniowii 
(Bol.  Direccion  de  Fomento,  Lima.  Peru.  De^ 
1909  ;    7  pp.) 

13.019 — MEXICO — Some  Reminiscences  ni 
Old  Dolores.  V.  Pender.  (Eng.  and  Mlii 
Journ..  June  25,   1910;  2  pp..  illus.)    20c. 

13.020  —  MEXICO  —  The  Mapimi  Mliiiiu 
District.  Durango.   Mexico.      (Min.  Wld..  Jii" 


1910; 


2V, 


pp.. 


illus.)    20c. 
of   Lead-Silver 


Ore- 
1910 


II 


13.021— MILLING 
Gelasio  Caetani.      (Min.   Mag.,  June, 
pp..    illus.)     60c. 

13.022 — NEVADA — Geologv  and  Ore  De 
posits  of  the  (ioldfleld  District,  Nevada.  V.  I 
Ransome.  (Econ.  Geol..  June.  1910;  10' 
pp..    illus.)     60c. 

13.023  —  NEVADA  —  Rawhide.  Its  Past 
Present  and  the  Future.  P.  R.  Whytock 
(Min.  Wld..  July   16.   1910;  2  pp..   llbis.)   20r 

13.024  — NEVADA— The  Tonopab  Exlensiei 
:\IIne  and  Mill.  Nevada.  A.  H.  M.'irtln.  (Min 
Wld..   July   2.    1910:   2!',    pp..   Illus.)    2iic. 

1  3  025  -  ONT.MtIO  —  Expert  Opinions  or 
Piu-cuplue  Cold  Fields.  Alex.  (iray.  (Mlu 
Wld..    July    !>.    1910;    2    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.026-  (IRE  l>i:i'OSITS— The  Solution  01 
Gold  In  the  Surface  .^Iterations  of  Orebodles 


I 


August  6,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


295 


Alliert  P.  Biokaw.  (.Toiirn.  ol  (!eol.,  Mav- 
June,    liili);    t!   pp.)    tide. 

i:f.o:;T— ri.AC'KK  (iOI-D  mining  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia.  ((*an.  Mln.  .luurn.,  .liilv  1, 
lUlO:   lU   pp.)    'Mc. 

i:!.(IL'8 — ri.ACKK  MINES  of  the  Altar  Dis- 
trict. Mexico.  A.  I..  Telleprln.  (ratilic  Min- 
er,  .lune,    liPltl :    \-\    pp..    ilUia.)    line. 

^:i,^>•2f>  —  QfKKNSl.ANI  1  —  The  Charters 
Tower.s  (iolclfield  ;  Notes  on  tlie  Main  lieef. 
Walter  10.  Cameron,  i  i.Hieenslaiid  ileol.Surv., 
Pub.    No.    I'lit.    1;hi;i:    ic.   pp..    iihis. ) 

i:t.ti:!(i — (.>II:i:NSI.ANI> — The  Stareke  Gold- 
flelU.  Lionel  c.  Hall.  i  i.hieeusland  Geol. 
Surv.,  I'ub.  No.  L'J.I.    l!)(i!i:  41;  pp.,  Illus.) 

13,o:n  —  STAMl-  Mil.l.INfJ  —  Power  Re- 
quired in  Stamp  .Millins;  Operations.  A.  W. 
Warwick.  (Mln.  WId.,  ,luly  :;:!,  lillO  ;  -4  pp.) 
20c. 

1,3.032— RKTi  NINC—Klectiometalhirgv  at 
Philadelphia  .Mint.  II.  .1.  Slaker.  (Klec. 
WId.,  .lune  2:i.  I'.ilii:  2%  iip.,  ilius.i  l)eseril)es 
electrol.vtic  partinK  and  rellnlni;  of  iaiilion  in 
U.  S.   Mints.      -Jih: 

1.3,0.33— ITAII— The  Dalv  .Tudge  Mine  and 
Mill,  I'ark  Clt.v.  Itah.  Lerov  A.  Taimer. 
(Min.    Wid.,    ,Iul.v    2,    li)10 ;    3^,    pp.,    iilus.) 

:.0.34— \Vi:ST    AISTKAMA  — Some    Notes 

the    rrincliial    Ceolo^'ical    Keatures   of    the 

..l.'oorlle    (kiidHeid. — III.      Chas.    (i.    Gibson. 

Monthl.v    .Tcnrn.,    \V.    Australia    Chamber    of 

MI11..S,    May   31.    1010:   4    pp.)    8l)e. 

IROX    AXn   STEEI, 

13.035  —  A(;<;i.().Mi:iiAiT().\    ok    iuon 

OISKS — Das  AjiKlomerierverfahren  auC  den 
Fei-nie  \\'erken  bei  (iiesseii.  F.  Witte.  i.Siahl 
n.   lOisen,   May   4,    1!)10 ;   4  jip.,   iiius.)    4()c. 

I.;.03(!— BI.AST-I'TKNACK  GAS — A  (Juan- 
litative  Investigation  of  the  Source  of  Uydro- 
uen  in  Kiast-Kurnace  (;as.  U.  .1.  Wvsor  and 
W.  D.  Brown.  (.Met.  and  (  Iiein.  Knir.,  .July, 
I'llo:    1!    PI).) 

t::. 037— BLAST     ITItNACICS-  Distribution 

I  Iron  Blast  Kurnaci's  in  luited  States.     1  KuK. 

in. I  .\Iin.  .lourn..  .Inly  'j:;.   loiii;  2  pp..  iilus. 1 

1^1  of  iron  blast  furnaces  in  ions,  wiiii  inai>. 

Ii'wing    their    location.      20c. 

i:;.03,S— CAI.lKoltNlA— The  iron  Akc  iron 
11. ■  Deposit,  near  Dale.  San  Bernardino 
■nuty.  California.  K.  C.  Harder  and  .1.  L. 
;i.li.  IV.  S.  (Jeol.  Surv.,  Bull.  430-K,  1010; 
'-    pp.,    iilus.) 

l.i.oSO- CA.NAniAN  IRON  AND  STEEL. — 
\.  Watson  Griltin.  (Can.  .Miu.  .lonrn.,  .T\ilv 
.   1010  :   .")   pii.  I    L'Oc. 

t.",.04li— COKKOSiON     of     induslriiil      iron- 

ik.    .\.  it.  Warnes  and  \V.  S.  Davev.  (.lourn. 

cheni.   ind..  .lime   1.".   iiiKi;  ;i  pp.,  iilus.) 

I  ;,o41-    COKlioSloN    of     iron     and     Steel. 

-  Uec,  .luly  '.I,  lOlo;  3i;.  pii.  1  Report 
Mimlltee  of  tlie  \m.  Soc.  for  Testing  Ma- 
is presented  by  A.  S.  Cushnian,  clmirman. 

:,042— DRY-AIR    BLAST— The    Rationale 

I  Hied    Blast,      .losepli    W.    Richards.     (Iron 

■-'-.    .Ully    I'l.    1010:    I"..,    pp. I      I'aper    before 

ii.iiial.   Cou^'ress   of   .Min.   au<l    .Met.,    Diissei- 

"i-r.   .lune.    1010.      2oc. 

1:1.04:1  — l:l.ECTRIC  SMELTI.VG  -I-rogress 
I  lOlectro-Siderurgy.  I'.  .McN.  Bennie.  ((Juart. 
nil.    Can.    Min.    Inst.,    .lune.     lotii;    l'l'    pp 

IMS.I 

1:1.044— MAtiNETlTl':    DLi'OSITS    of    Tex- 
hi   and    Vancouver.      K.    Lindeman.      1  (^uart. 
nil.   Can.   Min.    Inst.,   .lune.    l!l1o;    i:!i..    pp 
lus.) 

1:1.04.-.— ONTARIO— The  Helen  .Miiu-.  Mich- 
Icoten.  Ont.  It  \V.  Seelve.  ((Juart.  Bull 
in.  Mln.  Inst.,  .lune.  lOlo:  IL'i.^  pj,..  iiuis.) 
1::.U4I!— td'ICN  III:A1!III  l' TRNACE  —  Re- 
nt ImiuovcMnents  in  the  Construillon  of  the 
>"U  lli'arth  Kuruace.  o.  I"rl<.||rich.  (iron 
III  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  .lulv  .s  anil  I.",.  1010-  •' 
'.  iilus.)  ra|)er  before  Inlernat.  .Mln.  and 
■I     Congi'ess.      (iOc. 

i:'.04-— SLAG  (IRANCLATION  —  Einrich- 
ni;  zur  Lufiiiranuiallon  liiissi^er  Sdiiaeken 
f  lien  liuiierus 'selien  Eisenwerken.  (i 
Ill/en.  iSlalil  u.  Elsen.  Mnv  l.s.  lOlii-  ■>!,,' 
.    lllus.)      4iic. 

i::,il4S  — TI10.\I.\S  BASIC-STEEL  PRO- 
ss—lntrnductlon  of  the  ■iliomas  Basic 
"I  Process  in  the  luited  States.  Georce 
■Maynard.      (Bull.   .\.    1.    M.   E.    .lulv     lOlo- 

'.■     Iili.l     40c. 

1.1; \n.  7,i\r  A\n  other  metai.s 

;.'M!)-  CiiROMiTE      Some    Chromile     De- 

-  In  Western  and  Central  California.  E  E 
''■  '',:.■  '■''"'■  i^io'v.  Bull.  4:!irD.  moo- 
l>p..    lllus.)  .    I-     •   . 

Nr;?.ii'''"^"T'',"'"'i'"''''"'     r^i-netlces     In 

and    Mln.    .lourn..    .lulv    1ii.    pilii  ■    1  1;, 

Abstract    of    -Special     Report     on     the 

-■■lous  or  injurious  Processes  In  the  Smelt- 

,;"     Y."'?.''"'''    '■•""■■il'il'ii:    Lead."    made    to 

'i-'b    Parluiment.      L'lic. 

i  t.o.jl^  LEAD   MINlNt;   In   the  .loplin   Dis- 


trict. Lucius  L.  WIttioh.  (Mines  and  .Min- 
erals,   .July,    1010;    2Vi    pp.,    lllus.)    2oc. 

13,0.^2— MANtJANESE  Mining  in  the  Cau- 
casus. August  Mills.  (Mln.  Mag.,  .lune, 
lyiO;   2   pp.,    lllus.)    40c. 

13,0,-3  —  MOLYBDENITE  —  Some  Occur- 
rences of  MolylHlcnite  In  the  Santa  Rita  and 
I'atagonia  .Mountains,  Arizona.  E.  C.  Scliiader 
and  .1.  .M.  Hill.  (f.  s.  Geol.  Surv.  Bull. 
4,30-1),    1000;    OVi    pp.,   iilus.) 

1.3,0,->4  —  .MONAZITE  —  An  Occurrence  of 
Monazite  In  Northern  Idaho.  F.  C.  Schrader. 
(P.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Bull.  430-D,  11)09;  7  pp., 
lllus.) 

13,0,1,-.— NICKEI^Thc  Alexo  Nickel  De- 
posits. A.  P.  Coleman.  (Econ.  Geol.,  .lune, 
lOlU;    3;i    pp.,    lllus.)    (JOc. 

13,i).-.(;— PLATINT-M  In  Southeastern  Ne- 
vada. Ilowland  Bancroft.  (I".  S.  Geol.  Surv. 
Bull.  430-D,    1000;    7   pp.,    iiius.) 

13,0.->7—()PlCKSIl.VEK— Notes  on  the  Oc- 
currence of  Cinnabar  in  Central  Western 
Arizona.  Ilowland  Bancroft.  (P.  S.  Geol. 
Surv.    Bull.    4;{o-D.    locio ;    L'l/,    pp.) 

13.0.-.S— RARE  EARTHS.  The.  (Los  An- 
geles Min.  Rev.,  ,lune  2!S.  1010:  1  p.)  Con- 
clusion of  article  previously  indexed.  Deals 
with    thorauite,  zirconium  and   tliorium.      20c. 

13,0.-,0— RARE  METALS— Les  Terres  Rates 
et  I'lOclairage  a  I' incandescence.  Nicolardot. 
(Bull,  de  la  Soc.  dEnc.  pour  I'Ind.  Nat., 
April,    1010 ;   47   |i|i.,   iilus.) 

13,0(!0— TIIANIP.M— The  Virginia  Rutlle 
Deposits.  Thomas  Leonard  Watson  and 
Stephen  'falier.  (P.  ,s.  Geol.  Surv.  Bull. 
430-D,    P.)l)0;    14    |>p.,    iilus.) 

13.0(11— -i-INiiSTEN  -Note  on  the  Occur- 
rence of  Tungsten  Minerals  near  Calaliasas, 
Arizona.  ,1.  JI.  Hill.  (U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Bull. 
430-D,    100!)  ;   3   pp.) 

13.002— TPNGSTEN— Notes  on  Tungsten 
Deposits  near  Deer  Park,  Washington.  How 
land  Bancroft.  (I'.  S.  (jeol.  Surv.  Bull.  430-1 1 
190!)  :     3     pp.) 

13.or.3— TINtJSTEN  DEPOSIT  of  Moose 
River.    .Vova    Scotia.      E.   R.   Karibault.     i  Sum- 


Deiit.    of 


B 


mary    Report.    Geol.    Surv.    Branc 
Mines,   Canada.    lOoO;    (ii.%    pp.) 

13,0(14  — VANADIfM— The  Sources  of  Va- 
nadium in  Lead  Vanadates.  (Jordon  Surr. 
(Min.    Wld.,  .iuly   2:!,    lOlo ;   2  pp.)    2oc. 

13.o(>.-| — ZINC — Comparison  of  Granulated 
and  Drilled  Samples  of  Spelter.  E.  .M.  .lolin- 
son.  (West.  Cliem.  and  Met.,  .lune.  loin- 
31/j    pp.)    .SOc. 

13.ii(i(!— ZINC — Making  Remellcd  Spelter 
from  Siu'ct  Zinc  Sera|).  Zinc  Routinu-s,  Bat- 
tery Zincs.  Engravers'  Zinc.  etc.  (Brass  Wld., 
.Tune.    1010;    3ii,    pp.,    iilus.)    2(Jc. 

13.0(!7  -ZINC  -The  Need  of  Improved 
Methods  at  .Io|illn.  .\xel  O.  Ihlseng.  (Eng. 
and    Min.  .lourn.,   .Iuly   16,   1010;    V'   P-)    20c. 

XOXMET.VI.LIC    MIXER.ILS 

13,0(i,S-    ASBESTO.S— On     the     Distribullon 
of    .\sbestos    Deposits    in    the    Eastern    Town- 
ships  of   (Quebec,      .lohn    A.    Dres.ser.       KJuart. 
Bull.   Can.    .Mill.    Inst.,   .lune,    loio;    lO'i,    pp 
lllus.)  -    11   • 

13.or,n  —  ASBESTO.S  — Serpentine  Belt  of 
Southern  (Juebec.  .1.  A.  l>re»8er.  ( Summary 
Report,  Geol.  Surv.  Branch.  Dept.  of  Mine.s 
Canada.  lOO'i;  V.t\i,  pp.)  Includes  notes  mi 
cliroinite    dciiosits. 

13.07O-  BLACK  DIAMONDS— Prospei'ling 
for  "Black  Diauioiuls.*"  A.  S.  .\tkinson 
(Mines  and  .Minerals,  .tunc,  1010;  It.,  pp  j 
Oecurriuue  and  mining  of  carbon  In  Provlnci> 
of    Bahla,    Brazil.      4()c. 

13.07I— CLAY   AND  SHALE   DEPOSPIS  of 
Nova   Scotia  and   Portions  of  .New    iinuiswlck 
Ileinrich   Ries.      ((."iiart.   Bull.  Can.    Min.  lust 
.Iiinc.    1010;    21  K.    |)|)..    lllus.  1 

13.1172  DE'l'ERMlN.-VTIO.N  (IP  cii\|\|ii\ 
ORES  and  .Minenils.  .1.  P.  i!,,«i.  iMin 
Will..  .Iuly  2  and  !i.  1010:  :;  p|,.  1  Continua- 
llon  of  article  previouslv  inilex.'d.  dealing  In 
lireseiit  instalments  willi  noniuelallic  miner- 
als.    40c. 

13.073— FI.rORSPAR.  Lead  and  Zinc  De- 
posits of  Western  Kentucky.  V.  .Iiilius  Eohs. 
(Econ.  (Jeol..  .lune,   lOlo  ;  Oi.j   |jp.)    (iOc. 

13.074  — MICA  DEI'OSITS  of  North  Caro- 
lina. Douglas  B.  Sterr.'tt.  (P.  S.  Geol. 
Surv..    Bull.   4:10-. I  :    4iii.j    pp..    illus.i 

13.07.-.- NATPIIAT.  GAS  and  Its  Produe- 
llon.  Harold  .\.  Dnnne.  (Met.  and  Cheni. 
Eng..   .Iuly.    1010:    I 'f,    pp.)    40c. 

13.07fi -NATPRAL  GAS— Future  of  Nat- 
ural Gas  In  Oklahoma.  Chas.  N.  (ionld. 
I  Progressive  .\ge.  .lulv  I."..  1010;  3V.  PP.. 
lllus.)    20c.  -     ■  1  • 

13.077  -NATTRAI.  GAS— The  Conserva- 
tion of  Natural  Gas.  .1.  c.  McDowell.  (Pro- 
gressive   .\ge.    .Tilly    1.-..    1010;    1  Ia^    pji.)     20e. 

13.07.S  -NITRATE  DEPOSITS  of  Southern 
l^allfornla.  F.  W.  Graeff.  (Eng.  and  Mln. 
.Toiirn..   .Tilly   23.    IOIO:    IV,    pp.)    20c. 

13.070  -NITRATE  OF  SODA- lllstorv  and 
Review  of  tlie  Niter  Industry  of  Chile.    Mark 


R.    Lamb,       (Eng.    and    :Mln.    .Tourn.,    .Iuly    2, 
1010;    .->    pp.,    illus.i    20c. 

13,080- PEtiMATITES — Origin  of  tlie  Peg- 
matites of  Maine.  Edwin  S.  Bastin.  i.Iourn, 
of  Geol.,   .May-.Iune,   ItilO;   23  pp.,  lllus.)   (jOc. 

13.081— PETItoI.EPM— A  Few  Facts  Re- 
garding the  San  .hiau  nil  Fields,  Ptali.  A  O 
Egbert.  (.Salt  Lake  Min.  Rev.,  .lune  30, 
1010;   4'/,    pp.,    iilus.)    20c. 

13.082— PETROLEPM— .Maikop  and  Grozny. 
E.  de  Haulpick.  (.Mln.  .Tourn.,  ,Iuly  2,1910: 
l'/4   pp.)    40c. 

13,t)8.3— PETROLEPM— Oil  In  Mexico.  ,T.  L. 
Mennell.  (Mln.  Mag.,  ,Iune,  1910;  2'/.  pp,. 
lllus.)    (iOc.  '^'  ' 

13,0.84— PETROLEI-M-Oll  in  Peru.  O.  P. 
Sperbier.  (Oil  Ind.,  .tunc  1.",,  1010;  1'/.  nn.) 
20c.  '.  ff  , 

13.08.-1— PETROLEPM— Oil  Shales  of  East- 
ern Canada.  R.  W.  Ells.  iSummarv  Reiiort, 
(.eol.  Surv.  Branch,  Dept.  of  Mines,"  Canada, 
1  OoO  ;    1 1    pp. ) 

13.0S);_PETROI,EPM— Per  llndustria  del 
Petrolio  Ilaliano.  1  Rassegna  Miueraria  ,Tulv 
11,    1010;   3   pp.)    40c. 

13,087  —  PETROLEPM  —  Procedes  divers 
pour  1  obtentlou,  ia  Se|iaration  et  le  RatTinage 
(les  differentes  parathnes  contenues  dans  les 
lliilles  brutes  de  l'i5trole.  A.  (iuiselin.  (Rev 
(ieneraie,   June  23,    1910;   .T  i.{,    pp.) 

13,088— PETROLEPM— SignKicance  of  Oil 
Rehning  in  Louisiana.  David  T  Dav 
_(.Mfrs.'   Rcc,   .Tunc  23,    1910;   31:.    pp.,   iilus;) 

13,089  —  PETROLEPM  —  The  Oilfields  of 
New  Zealand.  iMin.  .lourn..  .Tune  11,  18  and 
2i),    1910;    oVj    pp..    iilus.)    .$1. 

„.  l-''.-')"'?  — I'KT't"'-Kt  -M  — The  Oilfields  of 
Innidad.  1  Petrol.  It. -v..  .Tune  IS  ami  .lulv 
2.    I'.llo;    i;y,     p))..    iilus.)    (ilic. 

13.1101  --PKTKOl.EPM  — The  OriL'iu  and 
lormalion  d  tlie  Pi^li  obniiu  De|M.sits  in  the 
Maikoii  Basin,  and  the  Determination  of 
Their  Extent.  E.  de  Ilautpick.  (Min.  .lourn. 
•lune  18.  1010;  y.  p.)  Continuation  of  article 
previously   indexed.      4(ic. 

13,092— PETROLEPM— The  Origin  of  Pe- 
troleum. Gordon  Surr.  (Los  Angeles  Min 
Rev.,    .Iuly    9.    1010;    1  1.',    pp.  |     -'m. 

,,.,l-y''!-''~I'F:TROI.EPM-  The  State  of  the 
Oil  Industry.  lOil  ind..  .lune  1.",  loiii  ■  714 
111).,  illus.i  (General  statcmeut  of  the  c-ondi- 
tions  of   the   petroleum    industry    today       "Oc 

fi  'I'V'-y  T,  I*li'''U<'ri:i"M  —  Tlie  Pchta  Oil 
Held.  North  Russia.  E.  de  Hautplck.  (Min. 
•lourn.,    .Iuly    Iti,    loiO;    1    p.)    411,. 

13.09.-.— PHOSPIIATE-A  Review  of  the 
I  hos|ihate  lieids  ot  Idaho.  Ptali  and  Wvoni- 
ing.  \\.  H.  Waggaman.  1  P.  s.  Dei.t'  of 
.\griciilture.  Bureau  of  Soils  Bull  No  09 
liiio;  48  pp.,  illus.i  Special  reference  is 
made  to  the  thickness  and  quality  of  the 
deposits.  ^ 

13.000 -PHOSPHATE— Les    Glsements    de 
(.uaiio  et  de  Phospliates.  de  i-Ocean  Pacilique. 
I  .    Privat  Iipschanel.       iGcnie    Civ..    Mav    •>! 
PiKi;    2'i.    i.p..    Illus.i    4ilc. 

ECONOMIC    <iEOI.OGY— GEXEHAI, 

i:!.ii07  -.VRKANSAS— Mineral  Deposits  of 
Western  .\rkansas.  W.  C.  B.  Allen.  (Eng. 
and    Min.   .lourn..  .lune  2.-..    Pilii;    u,    p.)    ;>oc, 

.1.  l^V.''"^,^*  •>^';\"-^  -^  Rcionnaissanee  across 
tile  .Mackenzie  .Mountains  011  (he  I'eiiv  R„ss 
and  Gravel  Rivers.  Yukon,  and  Nort'li  West 
Icrritories.  .Toseph  Keele.  ( Deiit.  of  Mines 
j  aiiada,    (Jeol.    Surv.    Branch,    1910;    .-,4    pp.; 

■  •  '.•'•"""--COI.OR  A  DO— Geologic  Atlas  of  the 
I  nited  States.  Engineer  Mountain  Folio  W 
(  loss  and  A.  D.  Hole.  1  P.  S.  (Jeologlcaf  Sur^ 
vey.    1910;    20    pp.)    40c. 

13.100— GENESIS  OF  ORES— The  Tltl- 
milte  Source  of  Ores.  Charles  R.  Keves 
I  Bull.  A.   I.  M.  E..  .Iuly.   loiii:  24i:.   pp.,   4dc 

13.101— I.OPISIANA—Con.servlng  Mineral 
Resources  of  Louisiana.  C.  Willard  Haves. 
(Mtrs.    Rec..  .Tune  30.    1910;   2  iqi.  1    20c.  " 

-n'''I"r~'I?''''-."''*"~''''"''W  "f  i^'-  Bruno 
Mountain.  Province  of  (Juebec.  .lohn  \  Dress- 
er. (Dept.  of  Mines.  Canada.  Geol.  Sui-v. 
lirancli.  Memoir  .\o.  7.  lOlO:  :;:;  pp.,  lllus.) 
13.103  —  SECONDARY  ENRICl  I.ME.NT — 
Economies  of  Secondary  Enrichment. --I.  A. 
M.  Mnlayson.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  .Tulv  10. 
1910;   ,-)   pp.)    20c. 

»IIM\«i— (iKM-'.U  \|, 

13.104—ACCIDENT'S  -Prevision  de  accl- 
dentes  en  las  Exiilotaclones  .MIneras.  (^.  A, 
Portella.  ( Bol.  Direcelon  de  Foinenio,  Lima 
Peru,    Dec,    1!)09:    22   pji.) 

13.10.1- ACCOPNTINf!  -Rand  Gold  Mining 
Accounts. — VIII  and  I.\.  <:.  W.  Talt.  (So, 
Afr.  Mln.  ,Tourn.,  .Tune  4  and  11.  1010;  2 
pp.)    40c. 

13.100— ALASKA— Mining  In  Alaska.  D.  A. 
Mai-Donald.  (I'acKIc  Miner.  .Tune.  1910-  2U, 
pp..    lllus.)    20c. 

13,in7—ARIZONA— Sketch  of  Plmn  County. 


296 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  6,  1910. 


Arizona  :  Its  Slining  Districts,  Minerals,  Cli- 
mate, Agriculture  and  Other  Resources.  Wil- 
liam I'.  Blake.  (Chamber  o£  Commerce.  Tuc- 
son.   Ariz.,    1010;    43   pp.) 

X3.108 — COMTUESSEI)  AIR — Notes  on  tlie 
Production  and  I'se  of  Compresed  Air.  A.  C. 
Wliittome.  (.Tourn.  Transvaal  Inst.  Median. 
Engrs.,  May,  lllKl  :  T'i  pp.,  ilhls.)  Author's 
reply  to  the  discussion  of  his  paper.     liOc. 

l.'ilOO — CUBA — Two  Cuban  Mines.  Ben- 
.iamin  B.  Lawrence.  (Quart.  Bull.  Can.  Min. 
Inst.,  June.  1010;  24  pp..  illus.  1  Brief  de- 
scriptions of  El  Cohre  mine,  and  the  iron 
mine  of  Spanish-American  Mine  Co..  situated 
26   miles  from    Santiago   de   Cuba. 

i:i,ll(i — DAMS.  (.\ust.  Min.  and  Eng.  Rev., 
June  7,   1910;   2  pp..  illns.)    40c. 

Xs.iii — DIAMOND  DRII-I,IN(; — The  De- 
flection of  Diamuuci  Drill  Bcpre  Holes.  J.  S. 
Curtis.  (So.  Afr.  Min.  Journ.,  June  11.  1010; 
1  p.,  illus.)    40c. 

1.3,112 — IIAIEAtiE — Electric  Rope  Haul- 
age. W.  O.  Vickery.  (Mines  and  Minerals, 
July.  1010;  2  pp..  illus.)  System  used  at  Ihe 
Midway  mine  of  Chicosa  Fuel  Co.,  Iluerfaua 
Co.,    Colo.      20c. 

13.113  —  IIAl'LAGE  —  Evolution  of  Mine 
Haulage.  (Mines  and  Minerals.  July,  lolo; 
r<V'  pp..  illus.)  Deals  with  gravity  planes, 
aerial  tramways,  chain  hauls,  bucket  and  belt 
conveyers.      46c. 

i:i.ll4 — HOISTING — BritLsh  Tests  of  Min- 
ing Ropes.  Henry  Louis.  ((."oil.  (juard.. 
July  l.').  1010:  li  p.  I  Aiistract  of  paper  be- 
fore Internat.  Congress  of  Min.  and  Met.  at 
Dusseldorf.      40c. 

13.11.-1 — HOISTING — Rapid  Hoisting  with 
Wire  Guide  at  l.a  OJuela  mine.  Mexico.  Hugh 
<?.  Watson.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  June  23, 
1910;    1    p.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,11() — ^lEXICO — The  I.aws  of  Mexico. 
H.  L.  Scaife.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July 
16,    1010 ;    1V-:    PP)    20c. 

13.117— MINING  METHOD — The  Mitchell 
Slicing  System  at  Bisbee,  Ariz.  Morris  J. 
Elsing.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  2.''i, 
1910;  2  pp.,   imis.)    20c. 

13.11.S — MOItTAI-ITY  OF  MINERS — Data 
on  Mortality  and  .Morbidity  of  Miners. 
Frederick  I..  Hoffman.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ., 
June  2."i  and  July  2,  1010;  6  pp.,  illus.)    20c. 

in, 110 — ri'MI'ING — Air-I.lft  Pumping  of 
Fluids,  Especially  Oil.  Edwai-d  A.  Rix.  (Oil 
Ind.,  June  13,   1010;  8  pp..  illus. 1    20c. 

13.120 — PT'MPING — Deep  Pumping  on  the 
Comstock.  (.Mines  and  Minerals.  July,  1010; 
3    pp.,    illus.)     20c. 

13.121 — Ql'ARRYING  —  Maximum  Extrac- 
tion in  Shortest  Time.  William  II.  Storms. 
(Min.  Wld.,  July  23,   1010:  2  pii..  illus.l    20c. 

13.122 — RECLAIMING  FLOODED  DRIFT 
MI.N'ES  in  Alaska.  W.  H.  l.anagan.  (Min. 
and  Sci.  I'ress,  June  1!S,  1010;  3M  pp., 
illus.)    20c. 

13.123— SHAFT  SINKING — Rapid  Shaft 
Sinking  in  Butte.  C.  J.  Stone.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  Journ.,  July   16,   1010;   1  li.   pp.)    20c. 

13,124 — STOPINt;  at  Iloraestake  Mine  of 
South  Dakota.  John  Tvssowski.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  Journ.,  July  '.),  1010;  2V2  pp.,  illus.)  20c. 

i:i.123 — SrRVEYIN(i — Analytical  (Jeometry 
in  .Mine  Survey  Problems.  J.  J.  Bristol.  (Min. 
Wld..    J\ily    0.    1010;    3   pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.126— TIMBER — Wood  Preservation  from 
an  lOngini'cring  Standpoint.  C.  T.  Barnum. 
(Journ.  West.  Soc,  Engrs.,  June,  1910;  20 Vj 
pp.,    illus.)    40c. 

13.127 — TI'NNEL — The  New  Buffalo  Water- 
Works  Tunnel.  F.  Lavis.  (Eng.  Rec,  June 
23.  1010;  41/;  pp.,  illus.  (Description  of 
methods  of  driving  and  lining  a  hard  rock 
tunnel   under   compressed   air.      20c. 

13.12.H  —  DND'OltGROrND  STATION  — 
Large  Underground  Stalion  at  Morning  .Mine 
In  the  (^I'ur  d'.\lene  Dlstriit.  ( lOng.  and  Min. 
Journ.,   July    2,    lOlo :    1    p.,   illu!!.)    20c. 

ORE   DRBSSING— GB1VI<;R.\I. 

13.120  —  CONCIONTRATION  —  Methods  of 
Modern  t>re  roncenlrallon.  Chas.  C.  Chrlst- 
ensen.  (Min.  Wld..  July  0,  1010;  2  pp., 
illus.l      20c. 

13,130  -  ELECTROSTATIC  SEPARATION 
of  >Ilnernls  In  Ores.  Heni-y  A.  Wentworth. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  2,  lOlO;  3  pp.. 
Illns.)    20c. 

13.131— SCREENS  A  Siandarrt  Series  of 
Screens  for  Laboratory  Testing,  by  Theodore 
.1.  Hoover.  Grading  .\nalvses  and  'I'lielr  .\p- 
plicallon.  liv  H.  Stadlcr.  (Bull.  No.  60.  I.  M. 
M.,  June  16.  IOIO:  30  pp..  illns.)  Discussion 
of  above  ])apers,  which  were  prevlo\isly  in- 
dexed, 

13.132— SLIME  TREATME:«T — The  'I'reat- 
ment  of  .Slime  on  Vanners.  (Mex.  Min. 
Journ..   July.    1010;    2",    pp.)     20c. 

13.133 — SORTING  TABLE  at  Cobalt.  G.  C. 
Bateman.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  June  25. 
1010;    Vm    p.,    Illus.)    20c. 

13,134 — STA.MP  DROP   SEQl'EN'CE.   W.  IL 


Stoi-ms. 
1010  ;    1 


(En^.    and    Min. 
p.,    illus.)    20c. 


Journ.,    July     IG, 


METALLIRGY— GEXERAL 

13.133 — BEARING  JIETALS.  A.  Hague. 
(Engineering,  June  24,   lolo ;  3  pp.)   40c. 

13.136 — BL.\ST  FFKNACE — Gruner's  Ideal 
Working  of  a  Blast  Furnace,  .los.  W.  Rich- 
ards. (Met.  and  Chem.  Eng.,  July,  1910;  1 
p. )    40c. 

13.137 — BLAST  FI'RNACE — Heats  of  For- 
mation of  Some  Ferro-Calcic  Silicates.  H.  O. 
Hofman  and  C..Y.  Wen.  (Bull.  A.  I.  M.  15., 
July,    1010;    17    pp..    illus.) 

13.138  —  CHIMNEY  CONSTRFCTION  — A 
Novel  Form  of  Chimney  Construction.  W.  N. 
Twelvetrees.  (Eng.  Rev.,  July,  1910;  41- 
pp..    illus.)    40c. 

13.13Sa — CHLORINATION — The  Design  of 
a  Dry  Chlorinarion  Plant.  J.  McCallum  and 
E.  J.  Bruderlin.  (West.  Chem.  and  Met., 
June,    1010;    23iA    PP-.    illus.)    SOc. 

13.139 — COATING  PROCESS--A  New  Pro- 
cess (Spray  Process)  for  the  Production  of 
.Metallic  Coatings.  M.  I".  Schoop.  (.Met.  and 
Chem.    Eng..    July,    1910 ;    2    pp.,    illus.  1    40c. 

13.140  —  COST  OF  METALLIRtJlCAL 
WORKS.  W.  R.  Ingalls.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ..    July    2.    1010 ;    1    p.)    20c. 

13,141 — FLUE  DI"ST  and  Fume  in  Smelt- 
ery (;ases.  Lewis  T.  Wright.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Jo'uru.,  July  16,  1910;   1  "A  pp.1    20c. 

13.142  —  FLFE  DT'ST  —  Proportioning  of 
Dust  Seltling  Flues.  R.  R.  Moore.  ( Eng.  and 
Min.    Journ.,"  July    16,    1910;    Vj    p.)    20c. 

13.14.3 — SMELTERY  —  Metallurgical  Prac- 
tice in  British  Columbia.  The  Trail  Smeltery. 
A.  D.  Galloway.  (Aust.  Min.  and  Eng.  Rev., 
July   5,   1909;  "31,4   PP-.   illns.)    40c. 

i:^.144 — SMELTERY  SMOKE — The  Smoke 
Nui.sance  in  California.  S.  E.  Bretherton. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  23,  IOI0  ;  1  p.) 
20c. 

13.143  —  SMELTING  —  Small  Smelting 
Plants.  A.  Lakes.  Jr.  (Min.  Sci..  June  9, 
1010;  1  "2  pp..  illus.l  Describes  Partridge 
liot-blast   smeller  furnace.      2(ic. 


MIMXG 


AND     >IET-\LL,l'RGICAL. 
M.\CHI1VERY 


13,140 — BT'CKET  Dt'MP — Automatic  Buck- 
et Dumi).  Frank  (;.  D.  Smith.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  Journ..  July   16.   1010;    Vj   P-.  illus.l   20c. 

i:!.147 — CRFCIBLE  FT'RNACES — The  Con- 
struction of  Crucible  Furnaces.  Walter  J. 
May.  (Mechan.  Wld.,  July  S,  1910;  1'*.  pp.. 
illus.)    2(ic. 

13.148  —  ELECTRICITY'  —  Application  of 
Ele<'tricltv  in  Jlines  in  Europe.  R.  Nelson. 
(Min.   Wld.,   June   23,    101O :    2   pp.)    20c. 

in, 14!)  —  H.\l'LAC.E  —  Gasolene- Electric 
Truck  for  Haulage  in  Arid  Regions.  W.  D. 
llornadav.  (Elec.  Wld.,  June  21,  1910;  1  p., 
illus.)    2(ic. 

13,l.-,()  _  HYDROELECTRIC  POWER  —  A 
General  Review  of  Hydroelectric  Engineering 
Practice.  Frank  Koester.  (Eng.  Mag..  July. 
lOlii;  17  pp..  illus.l  Fourth  article  of  series 
consiclerlng    the   electrical    niacliinery.      40c. 

13.131— HYDROELECTRK"  PLANT— Gle-i- 
yvood  Hydroelectric  Plant.  Central  Colorado 
Power  Company.  (Eng.  Rec,  June  23,  IOIO; 
3M>    PP-,    illus.l    20c. 

13.132 — ORE  FNLOADER — A  13-ton  Hu- 
lett  Ore  rnloader.  Walter  G.  Stephan.  (Iron 
Age.   July   21.    1010;    4   pp..   illus.)    20c. 

13.133 — POWER  PLANTS  of  the  Cobalt 
District,  Ontario.  Alex.  (Jray.  (Min.  Wld., 
July   23,    101(1 ;    4    pp..    illus.l    20c. 

13,134  —  POWER  PLANTS  —  The  Surface 
Condenser  in  Mine  Power  Plants.  W.  A. 
Macleod.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  16, 
1910;    :S    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

13.133  —  ROAD  -  MAKING  MACHINERY. 
(Ind.  Mag..  June,  1910;  23  pp.,  illus.)  De- 
scribes various  types  of  carts,  wagons  and 
scrapers.      40c. 

13.136  —  SHAFT  EQUIPMENT  —  Surface 
Equipment  at  Clonan  Shaft.  Minevllle,  N.  Y. 
Guy  C.  Stoltz.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July 
23.'   1010;    3    pp.,   illus.l    20c. 

13,137— SKIP — The  Original  Consolidated 
Seir-Dum|ilng  Skip.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ., 
July   0.    101(1;    Iti    pp..   illus.)    2()c. 

SAMPLING    AND    ASSAYING 

13.ir>8— BRASS — The  Analysis  of  Brass. 
Albert  J.  Hall.  (Metal.  Ind.,  June,  1910; 
1  >/,  pp.)  Conclusion  of  artltile  previously  in- 
dexetl.      20c. 

13.130  CRT'CIBLES — The  Care  of  Graoli- 
lle  Crucibles.  J.  T.  N.  Foster.  (Pacilu'  Min- 
er.   June.    1010;    1  i/j    pp.)    20c. 

13.13!ia  LABORATORY  of  the  Copper 
Queen  Reduction  Works.  (Mines  and  Meth- 
ods,   June.     1010;    2 '  .j    |ip..    illus.)     20c. 

13.16(1  LABORATORY  ELECTRIC  FUR- 
NACE. \V.  1,.  Moiiison.  (Eng.  and  Jlln. 
Journ.,  July  23,   1010;  1  p.,  illus.)   20c, 


13,161— NITER  METHOD— A  New  Niter 
Method.  W.  J.  Goeglein.  (West.  Chem.  and 
Met.,   Jtine,    1010;    1    p.  1    80c. 

13,162 — SAMl'I.ING — Accuracy  of  Mechan- 
ical and  Ritlle  Ore  Samplers.  Louis  D.  Hun- 
toon.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  9,  1010; 
3'i'.  pp.,    illus.  I    20c. 

13.163— VOLI'METRIC  ANALYSIS — Quan- 
titative Apiilicatiou  of  the  Theory  of  Indi- 
cators to  \'iiluiuetric  Analysis.  'Arthur  A. 
Noyes.  (Journ.,  Am.  Chem.  Soc.,  July,  1010; 
47    pp.)    8(X'. 

ISDISTRIAL   CHEMISTRY^ 

13,164— AMMONIA— Highly  Concentrated 
Ammonia  Lkpior.  R.  W.  Ililgenstock.  (P.o- 
gressive  Age,  Apr.  15,  1910;  1 V-.  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13,165— AT.MOSPHERIC  NITROGEN — The 
Fixation  of  the  Atmospheric  Nitrogen  and  the 
Food  Supply.  Leo  F.  Guttniann.  (Can. 
Min.  Journ.,  Apr.   15,  1910:  2ii   pp.)    20c. 

13.166 — BOILER  WATEI!— Complete  Ex- 
amination of  Water  for  Boiler  Purposes. 
(Chem.    Engr.,    Feb.,    1910:    4    pp.)    40c. 

13.167— BOILER  WATERS- Treatment  of 
Boiler  Feed  Waters.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ.,  July, 
1910;    1  Vi   pp.  I    20c. 

13.168— CHLORINE     CELLS.        Harry     J. 
Wolf.      (West.    Chem.   and    Met.,    Apr.,    1910;  " 
13    pp.)    SOc. 

13.169 — NITRIC  ACID — La  Fabrication  de 
I'Acide  nitriqne  et  des  Nitrates  par  TElectro- 
chimie.  Th.  Scholesing.  (Technique  Mod- 
erne,    May.    1010:    6   pp.,    illus.l    40c. 

13,170 — POTASH  —  Phonolisthmehl  (Kall- 
silicatl  eln  neuer  Kalidiinger.  Krische.  (Chem. 
Zeit.,  Apr.  14,  1010;    \i,  p.)   2(lc. 

13,171— SULPHATE  OF   AMMONIA  — The 
ProductUui  of  Suljihate  Ammonia  in   the  Year   > 
1009.      C.    (i.    Atwater.      (Am.    Fert.,    July   2, 
1910  ;    5    pp.  I    20c. 

13.172 — SULPHURIC  ACID— Employment 
of  Rock  Sulphur  for  Manufacture  of  Sulphuric 
Acid.  G.  Oddo.  (Min.  Journ..  Apr.  30  and 
May  7,   lOKi :  3 'A   pp.  1    SOc. 

13,173 — SI'I.PHURIC  ACID — Jahresliericbl 
iiber  die  Industrie  dcr  Mineralsiiuren  uud  des 
ChlorhalUcs.  K.  Reusch.  (Chem.  Zeit.,  Mar. 
12    and    15,    1910;    4    pp.  1 

13,174  —  SULPIII'RIC        ACID —  Smelteri 
Smoke  as  a  Source  of  Sulphuric  Acid.    W.   " 
Freeland    and    C.    W.     Renwick.       (Eng.    ;i 
Min.    Journ.,    May    28,    1910;    4  >/j    pp.,    illn- 
20c. 

13.17.3 — WHITE  LEAD — Ueher  die  Bl  i 
weissfabrikation  in  Russland. — I.  Falk 
iCheni.    Zeit..   May    28,    1010;    1    p.)    40c. 

13,17.3a — WHITE  LEAD— Ueber  die  Theori. 
und  eln  neues  >'erfahren  der  Rieiweissliilii 
ung.  Falk.  (Chem.  Zeit.,  May  31,  1010 
1%    pp.)     40c.  1 

MATERIALS    «F    CONSTRICTION 


13.176  —  CEMENT  —  Aluminates  ;  Thei 
Properties  and  Possibilities  in  Cement  ^lami 
facture.  Henry  S.  Spackman.  (Eng.  Rec. 
July  9.  1910:  1  "3  pp.  I  Paper  before  .\ii' 
Soc".  for  Testing  Materials.  June  30.     20c. 

13.177 — CEMENT — Combustion  in  Ceraei 
Burning.  Bvron  E.  Eldred.  (Bull.  A.  I.  M 
E..    June,    1010  ;    lo'i.    pp.) 

13,178 — CEJIEXT — L'Industrie  des  CiraenI 
Portland  de  Grappiers  et  Chaux  Ilydraul 
i<iues.  II.  Laborlie.  (Bull.  Soc.  des  In 
genieurs  Civ.  de  France.  Dec,  1909:  44t 
pp.,   illus.l 

13.170  —  CEMENT  —  Recent  Investigation 
on  the  Constitution  of  Portland  Cement.  (^11 
ford  Richardson.  (Eng.  Rec,  July  16,  191ii 
2ii    pp.,    illus.l    20c. 

13.1.S(i  —  CEMENT  —  The    Crystalline   Pr 
ducts   of    the    Hydration    of   Portland   Cciii.' 
E.  J.   Read.      (Journ.  Soc.  Chem.  Ind.,  .\la,\ 
1010;    2    pp.,    illus.) 

1 3,1 81  —  CEMENT  —  The 
Standard      Specifications      for 
Burchartz.      (Eng.    Rec,    June 
pp.,   illus.)    20e. 

13.182 — CEJIENT— The  Portland  Cemeii 
('(unpanv  of  Utah.  Leroy  A.  Palmer.  (Sai 
Lake  liln.  Rev.,  June  13,  191(1;  2t!.  pp 
illus.l     20c. 

13.183  —CEMENT  CONCRETE  —  Econoni 
cal  Selection  and  Pr<inortion  of  Aggregm 
for    I'orlland   Cenieul    Concrete 


New       Geriuii 

Cement.       I 

23,    1010;   2' 


f    Aggregm 
Albert    ^l 
(Eng.    Contr..    Jan.    19,    191H;    3U    |)i 
20c. 

13.184— CL.\V — Die  Plasllr.Kat  uud  (' 
hlirenz  der  Tone  und  l.i'biue.  .Mtcrliei: 
(Chem.  Zeit.,  Apr.  9  and  12.  1010;  2'i  pi' 
60c 

13.1R.-> — FIRECLAY- The   Mining  and  I' 
ricatlon  of  Fireclay.      A.    S,    B.    Little.      (Fa- 
Mag..   .Iiily.    IOIO;   24   pp..   illus.l    4(lc. 

13.186  Ri;iNFOUCED  CONCRETE— To- 
of  Relnfcuc(>d  Concrete  Columns.  Pc'er  (■! 
lesplc.  (Eng.  Rec,  Mar.  5.  1910;  2%  PI 
Illus.)   20c  __ 


•  11 


August  li.   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


297 


CHEMICALS,   MINERALS,   RARE  EARTHS,   ETC.— CURRENT  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 


ABUASIVES— 

Carbons.  Kooci  Jrill  quality.  caratS50.00(a75. 00 
Carboniiulurii.    f.o.b.     Niagara 

falls,  puwd lb 

Grains " 

Coriinduiii " 

Cruslieii    Steel,    f.o.b.    Pitts- 
burg  " 

Emery,     in     kegs;    Turlclsh 

flour " 

Grains " 

Naxos  tlour " 

Grains " 

Chester  flour " 

Grains " 

Peeksliill       Hour,       f.o.b. 

Easlon.   Pa "  .OUfi:  .OIJ 

Grains,  in  icegs "  .02'|(u.  .03 

Garnet,  per  cniality.  .sli.  ton.     25.00(ui3.').00 
Pumice  Stone.  .A.in.Pow(1..100  lb.   1.60(ai2  00 


08 

.  10(ai 

17 

.07© 

10 

.05}® 

06 

.01}^. 

02 

.OSiCa 

04 

.0U(<" 

02 

.03i(a 

04 

.01i^> 

02 

.03i@ 

04 

Italian,  powdered 

Lump,  per  ([uality. 
Rottenstone.  ground. 

Lump,  per  iiuality. 
Rogue,  per  quality  . . 
Steel     Kuiery,    f.o.b. 

burg 


per  lb 


Pitts- 


.01|(<Vi.01} 

.OSiCa  .30 

.  02  (S)  .  04 

.0.'>f'  .20 

.05®.  30 

.07i(3  .07} 


.02}  (3 


Anns- 
Acetic  2S% lb. 

Boric " 

Hydrolluoric,  30% " 

48% •• 

52% •■ 

60% " 

Hydrocliloric  acid,  20°  per  100  lb. 
Nitric  acid,  36°  to  40°  .    per  lb. 
Sulphuric  acid,  50°.  bulk  per  ton. 
60°.    100  II).  in  carboys. 

60°,  bulk,  ton 

66°,   100  lb.  in  carboys. 

66°,  bulk,  ton 

Oxalic per  lb. 

ALCOHOI^Grain  95% gal. 

Denatured " 

Refined  wood,  95@97%  ..." 

AI.I'M— Lump 100  lb. 

Ground " 

Chrome  Alum " 

ALrMINi:*!— Sulphate, coin'l.  lb. 

AMMONIA— 24  deg.  lb " 

26  deg.  lb " 

AMMOMI  H— 

Bromide lb. 

Carbonate '• 

Muriate  grain " 

Lump '• 

Sulphate.  100  lb " 

Sulpho-cyanido  com " 

chem.  pure.  " 
ANTIMONY— needle,  lump.  .lb. 

Oxide ■' 

.>RSENIC-white " 

Red.  Outside  brands " 

Saxony " 

ASPIIAI.TUM— 

Barbadoes per  ton.  80  00@120.00 

West  Indies "  30.00@60  00 

Egyptian lb.  .2a@.30 

Gilsonite.  Utah  ordinary  per  ton.  32.00(0)40  00 


02  J 

.07 

03} 

.06 

.06i 

.10 

1.25(a.l    50 

.031(9    04i 

$12  up 

.85 (ail  .12+ 

16.00C"'18.06 

1.00®  1.10 

18.00 

.07J@.07} 

2.52^2.55 

.42 

.52®  ,57 

SI. 75 

1.85 

.04i®.05 

1.50®  2.  00 

.04i(S>.05i 

.04}®  .05} 

.2« 

.08®    OSf 

.05i®    06} 

.09}®  ,09i 

2.75@3.00 

.25 

.35 

.04 J®    05 

.07}®. OH 

.021(3  .024 

.064(<i     07 

.07@.07i 


Trinidad 

California per  ton. 

IDARIl'M- 

Carb.  Lump.  80®90%.lg.  ton. 
Precipitated.  96(<«98%    " 

Powrlered.  natural lb. 

Chloride  com'l ton. 

Nitrate  powdered,  in  casks     lb. 
Blanc  Kixe.  dry,  bbl ...   per  lb. 
lARYTKS— 

Am.  Ground sh.  ton. 

Floated ■' 

Foreign  lloated " 

ILBArillXti  POWIJER— 35% 

100  lb 

|t,UE  VITUIOI.— (copper  sul- 
phate), carload,  per  100  lb. 

lONE   ASH lb. 

lOllAX,  sacks " 

\  I. CUM— Acetate  .gray, 100  lb. 
I'arblde.   ton    lots   f.o.b.    .Nuig- 

ara  Kails.   N.   Y.,  for  Jersey 

City,  .\.  J sh.  ton. 

Cldoricie.  f.o.b.  N.  Y... 

lOilKM'— Slag  cement bbl. 

I'orllanrl.  Am.  5(K)  lb " 

l'"ortUKn " 

'  '■  Kosendale."  300  lb " 

(in  .sacks) " 

iiKOME  org:— 

.New   ("aledonia   50%    ex.   ship 

N.  V per   Ik.    ton. 

Bricks,  f.o.b.  Pitt-sburg,  per  M. 
I. AV,  CHINA— Am.     common 

ex-dock,  N.  Y ton. 

Foreign " 

1)11  VI.T— Oxide lb. 


20.00®30  00 
25.  00®  30.  00 

26. 00®  35,  00 

33.00(Si3."i,00 

.02(".  ,02} 

32   00(1135   00 

.05®    06* 

.02  J®.  04 

12.00®  15.00 
17.  00®  19.  00 
2O.00@23.0O 

1.20@1.25 

4.00®4  25 
.02}®. 04 
.03}®. 05 

2,00@2.03 


65.00 

11.00@14.  10 

.75@1.25 

1.50®  1.60 

2.25®2.00 

.85 

.65 


14. 00®  16   00 
175.00 

8. 00® 9  00 
U  .50®  IS  00 

..SO(fi  ,  H5 


uiiip. 1001b. 


,  ton. 


COPPER.VS- Bulk 100  lb. 

In  bbls •• 

In  bags " 

CRYOLITE  (carload) lb. 

FELDSPAR— Ground,  .sh.  ton. 
FIRE    IIRICK— 

American per  M. 

Imported 

St.  Louis " 

Extra 

Special  extra 

FIRE  CLAY— F.n.h.  St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis,  extra  quality. per  ton. 
ordinary. ... 

FLl  ORSPAR— 

Domestic  f.o.b.  Pittsburg: 

Lump ton. 

Ground 

Foreign  crude  ex.  dock. 
FILLER'S   EARTH- Lui 
Powdered 

GRAPHITE— Ceylon. 

Flying  dust,  finest  to  best . .  .lb. 

Dust ■• 

Chip '* 

Lump " 

Large  lump " 

GYPSIM— 

Fertilizer sh. 

Ground 

lM''lSORI.\L   EARTH— 

Ground  .Am.  Best lb. 

German " 

I-E  AO— Acetate  (sugar  of)  brown. 

lb. 

Nitrate,  com'l " 

MA<;\ESITE— Greece. 

Crude  (95%) Ig.  ton. 

Calcined,  powdered. . .  .sh.  ton. 

Brick,  domes,  per  qual.  f.o.b. 

Pittsburg M. 

MAGNESIUM- 

Chloride,  com'l 100  lb. 

Sulphate  (Epsom  salt)..  100  lb. 
MANGANESE— 

Foreign,  crude,  powdered: 

70(ffi7o%  t)inoxide lb. 

75(«JS5^o  binoxide " 

85(1*90' ;   binoxide " 

90®95'';  binoxide " 

Ore.  80%-S5% sli.  ton. 

MARBLE— Flour sh.  ton. 

MINERAL    wool/— 

Slag,  ordinary sh.  ton. 

Selected " 

Rock,  ordinary " 

MONAZITE    SAND— 

Guar.  97'';,  with  5%  Thorium 

oxide,  normal lb. 

NICKEL— 

Oxide,  crude,  lb.  (77%)  for  fine 

metal  contained 

.Sulpliate.  sincle lb. 

Sulphate,  double " 

NITRATE  OF  SODA— 

100  lb.  95% 

95%  for  1910 


JO.  55 

.65®.  80 

.6O(£0.75 

.06}®. 07 

6.00@14.00 

30.00®40.00 
30. 00®  45. 00 
16.00 
20.  00®  23.  00 
30. 00® 35.  00 

5.00 
2.50 


8.00®10.00 

12.00®14.00 

8 .  50 


.80(0,.  85 
.80®.  85 

.02®. 04 

.02}®. 05 

.04®. 08 

.05}®.  12 

.08}®.  10} 

5.00 

4.00®7.00 


.01}@.02i 
.021®.  028 


.07}  (51.  09} 
.OS  J 


7.  SO®  8. 50 
26.00@37.00 


160@200 


.90(1 
.906 


.01®. 01} 

.01}(ii..01i 

.01i(ol.04 

.06} 

16.  00® 32. 50 

7.00@9.00 


19.00 
25.00 
32.00 


.08  and  up 


.47 
.10}®. 11 
.05|@.08 


06%  i.s2J(u*7ic.  higher  per  100  lb. 


07i@2.10 
07i®2.10 


OZOKERITE-best lb. 

PAINTS  AND  COLORS— 

Litliarge.  Am.  powdered. .,  .lb. 

lOriKlish  glassmakers' " 

Lithophone " 

.Metallic,  brown sh.  ton 

Red 

Ocher.  Am.  common.. .       " 

Best 

Dutch,  washed lb. 

French,  washed " 

Paris  green,  pure,  bulk " 

Red  lead,  American " 

Foreign " 

Turpentine,  spirits  bbl.,  per  gal. 
Wlute  lead.  Am.,  dry lb. 

American,  in  oil *' 

Foreign,  in  oil " 

Zinc  white.  Am.  extra  dry 


French,  proc's.red  seal.dry  " 
!al. 


.14®. 17 


.05}®.  06} 

.08}®  09} 

.03}®  .07 

16.50(o.:t()  00 

14.0(1(11  IS  (10 

10,(1(1(11  I,'.   00 

12,00(11  I.-)    (10 

.  02}  (oj ,  03 

.01}(ai,02 

.17}  (01,20* 

,06}®    07 

.08}  (01,09} 

.72®  ,73} 

.05J(ol,06J 

. 07  ® , 07} 

.09(0,  .00} 

.05}®   0«J 


POTASSIUM- 

Bicarbonate  crystal lb. 

Powdered  or  granulated.  .  " 

Bichromate,  .\m " 

Scotch " 

Bromide " 

Carbonate  (S0®85%) " 

Caustic,  ordinary " 

Elect.  OO'.:;,  KOII) •• 

Chloride  (muriate),  100  lb  . . 

Chlorate,  powdered " 

Crystals " 

Cyanide  (9S®99%) 

Carloads  (30.000  lb.) " 

5-ton  lots 

lyCss  than  5  tons 

Kainite.  long  ton.  bulk,  7.50:  bags 

Permanganate lb. 

Prussiate.  yellow " 

Red " 

Sulphate  (basis  90%) . .  .  100  lb. 
PYRITE— 

Domestic,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  f.o.b.  R.  K per  unit. 

Domestic,    non-ar.senical,    fines, 

per  unit,  f.o.b.  mines 

Imported,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  ex-ship,  per  unit 

Imported,  arsenical, furnace  size, 

ex-ship,  per  unit 

Imported  fines,arsenical,ex-ship, 

per  unit 

Imported     fines,     non-arsenical, 

ex-ship,  per  unit 10}@llc. 

Pyrite  prices  are  per  unit  of  sulphur.     A  deduc- 
tion of  25c.  per  ton  is  made  when  ore  for  furnace 
is  delivered  in  large  lumps. 
SALT— .\.  y.  com.  fine  280  lb.  bbl 

N.  Y.  agricultural sh.  ton. 

SAI.TPETER-Crude. . .  100  lb. 

Refined,  crystals '• 

SILICA- 

Ground  quartz,  ord'ry..]g 

Silex,  ground 

Silex,  floated 

Lump  quartz 

Glass  sand 

SILVER— Nitrate,  crystals. 
SOnilM— Acetate 

"Alkali,"  per  100  lb..  58/48.  . . 

Bicarb,  soda,  per  100  lli 

Soda,  caustic,  per  100  lb.,  78/60 

Soda,  caustic,  powdered 

Salt  cake,  per  100  lb.,  bulk 

Salt  cake,  bbl 

Soda,  inonohydrate,  per  lb. ."  [ ' 

Bichromate lb. 

Bromide ■■ 

Chlorate,  com'l...    .    " 

Cyanicle.  .120;13p%  KCN,  per  100% 


ton 


..oz. 
.lb 


».078 

.0} 

.07}®. 08 

.10} 

.20 

.03*®. 04} 

.03i(o  05} 

.054(0  .06 

1.90 

.08}®. 09* 

.09®. 09} 

18c. 

1S}C. 

.19 

9.25 

,09}®.  10^ 

.li5®.13| 

.29®.  32 

2.18®2.21 


llCiSllic 
10}@llc. 
.124(0,  .13 
.12(0  .  12} 
.09(0  .09} 


.72@1.13 
3.80@4.50 
4.00@4.50 
1.00(0,5.75 

7.00(0(15.00 

7.00(11)15.00 

35.00(^40.00 

5.00®5.50 

2.75 

•  33}®.  36} 

.04}®.  05 

.90®  .95 

1.0()®1.30 

1.72}®!  .85 

.02i(ii.03 

.50®. 80 

.65®.  85 

1.30@1.75 

.05J(§.06} 

,.08}@.69i 


Carloads  (30,000  lb.) lb 

5-ton  lots " 

Less  than  5  tons " 

Hyposulphite,  Am " 

Phosphate lOO  lb. 

Prussiate " 

Sal  soda,  f.o.b.  N.  Y    " 
Foreign,  f.o.b.  N.  Y.  . 

Silicate,  com'l " 

Sulphate,  com'l  (Glauber's salt) 

„    ■ 100  lb. 

Sulphate,  com'l.  calcined 

STRONTIUM-Nitrate lb. 

Sl'LPIIIR— Louisiana  (prime)  to 

New  York Ig.  ton. 

To  Boston.  Philadelphia  or 

Baltimore    

Roll 100  lb. 

Flour 

Flowers,  sublimed  ,  .  . 
Powdered   commercial,   bags 
Sicilian,  extra  qual.,  unmixed 
.seconds,    crude    brimstone 

to  .New  York Ig.  ton. 

TERRA  ALBA-Fr.AEng.lOOIb. 

T.tLr— Domestic sh.  ton. 

F'rench 

Italian,  best , 

TIX-Bi-chloride,  50" lb. 

Crystals 

Oxide,  lb •• 

lRANI|-,M-Oxide y.  ■• 

ZINC- Chloride  sol.,  com.  20°  " 
Chloride,  granular .    ..  " 

Dust ; "  •• 

Sulphate !.!!!.!.  " 


18c. 

ISJc. 

.20 

1.30@1.S0 

2.10®2.40 

.08}®. 09 

.60®. 75 

.80®  1.00 

.65@1.00 

.60®. 80 
.65®.  85 
.07®. 08 

22.00  up 

22.50  up 

1.85(0)2.  15 

2.00(0)2.40 

2.20@2.60 

1 .  55 


F"rench.  process,  green  seal, 
dry.  . 


.07}®,  OS 

10®. 10} 

PHOSPHATES— Acid 65@60c.  per  unit 

•Fla.,  hard  rock  77% 6.00®6.50 

land  pebble  68% 3.75®4  00 

tTenn.,  7S@80% 5.00®5.50 

75% 4.75(ii5.00 

68®  72% 4.  25®  4   50 

tSo.  Car.  land  rock  60% 3 .  50@4 .  00 

•F.o.b.  Florida  or  Georgia  ports.     tF.o.b.  Mt. 
Pelasant.     :0n  vessel  Ashley  River.  S.  C. 


$22.00 

."0@1.00 

12.00@2O.0O 

15.00(3)25.00 

30.00®40.00 

.10 

.22}  (Si.  24 

.37(11)  .40 

2.20@4.25 

.02} 

.04®. 04} 

Uil* 

.02®.  02} 

N'oTi:  -These  quotations  mo  fur  oidlnarv 
whii  iwili.  |,>tM  In  New  York  unless  otherwise 
Kpcclllcd,  :ind  me  cencinlly  subject  to  the 
usual  Inidc  dlscniinls.  In  the  cases  of  muile  i;f 
the  Imiiiirtunl  nilnenils.  such  as  phosphate 
ri'ck.  pyrites  iiikI  sulidiui-.  in  \vhlch  there  are 
Well  esiahllshed  mmkefs,  thi'  (|uotntlons  are 
suhsliinlhilly  rcpres.'niiillve.  But  In  the  cases 
<>l  siiine  iif  111,,  minor  mineral  products  the 
(|(i"liilliins  repieseni  what  dealers  ask  of  con- 
sumers Mnd  not  what  prodiicer.s  can  realize 
111  selllns;  their  output  as  a  matter  of  nrlvate 
cimtiact. 


298 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  6,   1910. 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Companies — U.  S. 


Name  of  Company 

AND    Situation. 


Alaska  Mexican,  g. . 
Alaska  Treadwell,  g. 
Alaska  United,  g.  .  . 
Amalgamated,  c. .  .  . 
Am.  Sm.*Kef.,com. 
Am.  Sm.  &  Ret.,pf .  . 
Am.  Smelters,  pi.  A. 
Am.  Smelters,  pf.  B . 
Am.  Zinc.IjeadASm. 

Anaconda,  c 

Argonaut,  g 

Arizona  Copper,  pf. 
Arizona  Copper, com 

Atlantic,  c 

Bald  Butte,  g.  s.  .  .  . 
Beck  Tunnel,  g.  s.  1.. 
Boston  &  Montana., 
Bull.  Beck.*Cliam.,g 
Bunker  Hill*  SuU.  . 
Butte  Coalition,  c.s. 
Calumett&.^rizona,  c. 
Calumet  &  Hecla,  c  . 

Camp  Bird,  g  s 

Colorado,  1.  s 

Columbus  Con.,  c.  .  . 
Con.  Mercur.,  g  .  .  .  . 
Continental,  z.  1. . .  . 
Copper  Range  Con .  , 
Creede  United,  g.  .  . 
Daly  .ludge,  g.  s.  1. . 
Daly  West,  g.  s.  1. . . 

De  Lamar,  g.  s 

Doe  Run,  1 

Elkton  Con.,  g 

El  Paso,  g 

Fed  .M.cS:  Sm.,  com. 
Federal  M  &  S.,  pf.  . 

Flndley,  g 

Florence,  g  

Frances-Moliavvk,  g. 
Gemini-Keystone. . . 

Clen.  Dew  Co 

Goldlield  Con.,  g  .  . . 
Grand  Central, g.  . .  . 

Granite  g 

tiuggenlieini  Expi.  . 

Hecla,  s.  1 

Homestake,  g 

Horn  Silver,  g.s.e.z.l. 

Imperial,  c 

Inter'l  Nickel,  pf. . . 
Inter'l  Sm.  &  Ref..  . 
Iron  Blossom,  s.i.  .  . 

Iron  Silver,  s.  1 

Jamison,  g 

Jerry  Johnson,  g.  .  . 

Kendall,  g 

Iiiberty  Bell,  g.  s.  .  . 
MacNamara,  s.  g.  .  . 
Mammoth,  g.  s.  1.  . . 
Mary  MoKinney,  g. . 
May  Day,  g.  s.  1. . .  . 

Mohawk  M.  Co 

Mont.  Ore  Purch.  .  . 
Nevada  Cons.,  c. .  .  . 
Nevada  Hills,  s.g. .  . 
New  Century,  z.l .  .  . 
Newliouse  M.  &  S.  c. 

New  Idria,  q 

New  Jersey  Zinc .  .  . 

North  Butte,  c 

North  Star,  g 

Old  Dominion,  c.  .  . 
01dDomin'n,M<4:Sin. 

Ophir,  g.  s 

OrovilleDredg'gLt.g. 

Osceola,  c 

Parrot,  c.  s 

Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co. 

Portland,  g 

Quartette   g.  s 

Quincy,  c 

Round  Mountain,  g. 

St.  Joseph,  1 

Shannon,  c 

Silver  King  Co't'n.f. 
Sioux  Con.,  s.  1.  g.  .  . 
Snow  Storm,  s.  1 .  .  . 
Standard  <-'on.,g.s  .  . 
Stratton's  Indenend. 

Swan.sea,  g.  s.  1 

Tamarack,  c 

Tennessee,  c 

Tomboy,  g.  s 

Tonopali  of  Ncv.s  g. 
Tonopah  lielm't.s.g. 
Tonopah  Exfn.  s.  g. 
Tonopali  Midw'y.s.g. 
Uncle  Sam,  g.  s'.  1..  . 
United  Cop.  com .  .  . 

United,  c.  pf 

United,  z.  f.  pf .  .  ,  . 
United  Verde,  c.  .  .  . 
U.S.Sm.R  .feM.,pf..  . 
U.S.Sm.R  .t  .M.,com. 
U.S.  Red.  A:  Ref.  Pf. 
Utah.K.  (Fish  .Sp'g.s) 

Utah  Con.,  c 

Utah  Copper 

Victoria,  Utah 

Vindicator  Con.,  K.  . 

Wolverine,  c 

Work,  g 

Yankee  Con 

Yellow  A.ster,  g.  . . . 
Yukon  fjold.  g I 


Alas  . 
Alas . 
Alas . 
Mont . 
U.  S.. 
U.S.. 
U.  S.. 

u.  s.. 

Kan .  . 

Mont . 
Cal .  . , 


ISO.OOO 
200,000 
180,200 

1,5.38,879 
500.000 
500,000 
170,000 
300,000 
80,120 

1,200.000 

200.000 

Ariz 1,266,120 


Issued. 


.\riz 

.Mich 

Mont .  .  . 
Utah.... 
Mont .  .  . 
Utah..  .  . 

Ida 

.Mont .  .  . 
.\riz  .... 

Mich 

Colo 

Utah.... 

Utah 

Utah.... 

Mo 

Mich 

Colo .... 

Utah 

Utah.... 

Ida 

Mo 

Colo 

Colo .... 
Idaho. . . 
Idaho. . . 

Colo 

Nev 

Nev .... 

Utah 

U.  S 

Nev .... 

Utah 

Colo .... 

U.  S 

Idaho.  .  . 

S.  D 

Utah 

Ariz.  .  .  . 

N.  Y 

Utah.  .  . 
Utah. . . . 

Colo 

Cal 

Colo.  .  . . 

Mont 

Colo 

Nev 

Utah 

Colo .... 

Utah 

Mich 

llont .  .  . 
Nev .... 
Nev .... 

Mo 

Utah 

Cal 

U.  S.... 
Mont .  .  . 

Cal 

.\riz .... 
A  riz .  .  . . 
Nev .... 

Cal 

Mich 

Mont .  .  . 

U.  S 

Colo 

Nev 

Mich 

Nev 

Mo 

Ariz 

Utah 

Utah 

Ida 

Cal 

Colo 

Utah 

Mich 

Tenn 

Colo 

Nev 

Nev 

Nev 

Nev 

Utah 

Mont 

.Mont 

.\io.-Kan. 

Ariz 

U.  S 

U.  S 

Colo 

Utah 

Utah 

Utah 

Utah 

Colo 

Mich 

Colo 

Utah 

Cal 

U.S.&Caj). 


1,519,,S96 
100,000 
250,000 

1,000,000 
150.000 
100.000 
327.000 

1,000.000 
200.000 
100,000 
820.000 

1,000.000 
285,540 

1,000.000 

22.000 

3S4,1S5 

1,615,000 

300,000 

180,000 

80,000 

65,749 

2,500,000 

2,450,000 

60,000 

120,000 

250,000 

1,050,000 

912,000 

5,000 

260.000 

3,558,367 
250,000 

1,650,000 
207,933 

1,000,000 
218,400 
400.000 
500,000 
89,126 
100.000 

1,000,000 
500,000 
390,000 

2,500,000 
500,000 
130,551 
728,341 
400,000 

1,309,252 

800.000 

100,000 

80,833 

1,151.200 
746,000 
300,000 
600,000 
100,000 
100,000 
400,000 
250,000 
293,24 
162,000 
201.600 
700,000 
96,150 
229.8.50 
449,346 

3,000,000 
110,000 
110,000 
800,000 

1,000,000 
100,000 

1,2.50.000 
746. 3S9 

1,500.000 
178,394 

1,000,000 

100,000 

60.000 

200,000 

300,000 

1,000,000 

1,500,000 
943,433 

1,000,000 

500,000 

450,000 

50.000 

19.556 

299,927 

351,010 

486,044 

39,4.58 

100,000 

300,000 

733,624 

250,000 

1,500,000 
60,000 

1,500,000 

"  000,000 

100,000 

3,500,000 


Par 
Val. 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


1 .20 

1.20 

25 

1 

0.10 

25 

10 

10 

15 

10 


0.20 

.5 

1 

2."* 

10(1 

1 

1 

20 

100 

1 

1 

100 

100 

1 
1 
1 

100 

100 

10 

1 
1 

100 
I  25 
lOOl 

25 

10 

100 

100 

lOOi 

20] 

IS 

0.  10 


5 .  00 

5 

1 

10 

100 

15 

10 

25 

25 

3 

5 

25 

10 

100 

1 

10 

2, 

1 

10 

10 

5 

1 

1 

10 

5 

5 

25 

25 

4 .  85 

1 

1 

1 

1 

100 

100 

10 
50 
50 
100 
10 

5 
10 

1 

1 
25 

1 

10 

5 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date. 


Latest. 


Date. 


S  2.034,381  May 
11,335,000  Mav 
21.110  Mav 
62.0  1(1.  II.-.' Aug. 

IS. (1(1(1. (1(1(1  .liilv 

35.(1(1(1.0(1(1  July 

4.7:!(i,()iiii!.liiiie 

7.1(17.(10(1  June 

:;(i0.12(i  Jdiv 

46.5(io.(i(i(r.\|ir. 
l.i;;(i.(i(i(i  Nov. 
1.. ".1(1. 4  IS  .\pr. 

12.L'(il.(il(i  July 

O'.Ml, (1(1(1  1-  I'll. 
l,3.M.(ils  I  in. 

67.'>  (1(1(1  (  111 

70.(i-'.'i.(i(i(i  .\|ir. 

2.7_'s.l(l(l  .liilv 

ll,s.;.-,.:i(i(i  .liilv 

3,4'i().(l(i(i  All!.'. 

11.3(1(1.(10(1  .liiiie 

Ul'.d.'iO.dOl)  June 

5.7()(>.lJ.'i(i  ("Id. 

2._'10.00(l  June 

226.832, (H-t. 
3.3S5.313  Dec. 

23 1.000,  (let. 
9,:iS!l,lllli  Julv 

Jl  l.d.'.U  .Jlll.V 

22,'i.(l(l(l  .\lir 
6.2()l.l)(l(l'Jnly 

s:j.-,. 2(1(1  Sept. 
2.3  l',),75l!Jiiiie 
2..-I.'.  I.ti'ii)  Jdiie 
l..;s'.i.(ii.-,  Mar. 
2.70s.7.-i(i  Jan. 
5.711,250  June 

337,500iSept. 

735.000  Al)r. 

510.00(1  Jan. 

2.(1110.11(10  .\UE. 
.Mar. 


Julv 
Dec. 
Dec. 

Julv 


9.247,652 
1,331,250 

247.000 
10.010.492 

2,01(1.0(1(1  July 

25,6SJ,S4(I  J  Illy 

5.612.0(10  Sept. 

3(10.(1011  . 1  line 
4.si,ll.i.ll,-,  .-Vug. 

'.•.",(1.(111(1  Si-|it. 

(ijii. (1(1(1  June 
4.L'.'iO.(iO(i  .\|)r. 

;;7(i.,'.(i(i  Jan. 

1011,011(1  I  lee. 
1.275.000  (let. 

22S.:-:.'i:-;  June 

■l(i,i.'i:i  .May 

2.220.00(1  .Mar. 

S',il.3i;:'.  .luiie 

108.0(1(1  Sept. 
2.050.00(1  li'L. 
9,437.274|Jan. 
1,294,900  Mar. 

373,000  Dec. 

210.000  (lit. 

300.000  S.-nt. 
l,2()0.0(ll)  Julv 

12.000. 1  Mav 

8. soil, (10(1  Mar. 
2.6,s(i.;i'.i',i . I  line 


Ian. 
Julv 
Mav 
lice. 


1.440.6, 
1.225,500 
1,816,360 
1.3S3.030 
S.95S, 650  Julv 
6,807 ,649|Scpt. 
7,63s.ss2|,luiie 
8,."..'.7.o,so|Aiir. 

375.ii00|.liilv 
19,l'.i2,.50(i  Lliiiie 

292.05lll.lnne 
7J)5S.357iJime 

450.000  Lllllv 
l,659.ss.-,|,lan. 

723.073,  \pr. 

;',6o.oiKiijiilv 

5,327.925|.l,iii. 
5,'(95,,S()5|,\pr. 

329.50(1  .Mar. 
9.42(1. (l(l(l|.lulv 
2,306,2501  Hit. 
2.17:;.,"i(l(l  ,liinc 
6,050, (1(1(1. liilv 

600.000  Apr. 

28:!,o:io  .\pi 


250.00(1 

3  10,(1(111 

5,962. 50( 

1.50(1.00( 

312,781 


Divided  previous  to  consolidation.      *.S1.436. 


2..S07.252 
6.826,011 
1.005.50  1 

323.000 
6.900,001) 
3.200. S6  I 

182,000 
2.092,500 
5.700,000 

172.500 

182.500 

95S.789 
I. -loo, Odd 

iM>'  > SI  1,1 87,500. 


Ian. 
lice. 
Aug. 
M  ay 
,lan. 
.lime 
Apr. 
Apr. 
(let. 
fell. 
Jan. 
.Imic 

Ill-C. 

.laii. 

?icp1. 

.Iillv 

Jan. 

Aug. 


'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

■10 

'10 

■(19 

'10 

'10 

'05 

'07 

'07 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'09 

'10 

'07 

•06 

'08 

'10 

'06 

'0 

'10 

'06 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'09 

'10 

'06 

'10 

'08 

'07 

'10 

'10 

'09 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'07 

'07 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'09 

'08 

'09 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'07 

'10 

'07 

'09 

■07 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'08 

'09 

'10 

'07, 

'10 

'10 

'07 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'0 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'0' 

'07 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'0 

■06 

'()■ 

'09 

'0- 

'0' 
'08 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'07 
'09 
'10 
'10 
■09 
'10 
'09 
'08 
'07 
'07 
'10 


Anit. 


$0.30 
0.50 
0.20 

0  50 
1.00 

1  .75 
1.50 
1.25 
0.50 
0.50 
0.20 
0.04- 
0.30 
0.02 
0.04 
0.02 
3  00 
0.10 
0.30 
0.25 
1.00 
7.00 
0.24 
0.08 
0.20 
0.02* 
0.25 
1.00 
0 .  OOJ 
0.37i 
0.30 
0.24 
1.50 
O.OIJ 
0.01 

1  .50 
1,75 
0,01 
0.  10 
0 .  05 

10.00 
1  .  00 
0,50 
0.04 
0.01 
2.50 
0.02 
0.50 
0,05 
0.20 
1.30 
2.00 
0.06 
0.10 
0.02 
0  01 
0.02 
0.15 
0.02i 
0.05 
0.01 
O.OH 
1.00 

15.00 
0.37* 

o.io' 

0.01 

0.50 

0.30 

4.00 

0.50 

0.50 

0.50 

0.25 

0.10 

0.121 

4.00 

0 .  25 

2.50 

0.02 

0.20 

1.25 

0.04 

0.15 

0.50 

0.15 

0.01 

0.01,1 

0,75 

0 ,  50 

0  05 
4,00 

1  .  25 
0,48 
0 . 4(1 
0,  10 
0.  15 
0.05 
0 .  02 
1,75 
3 .  00 
0.50 
0 .  75 
0.87* 
0 .  50 
1.50 
0.02 
0.50 
0.75 
0.02 
0 .  03 
5 .  00 
0.01 
0 .  03 
0.20 
0.10 


Coal,  Iron  and  Other  Industrials — United  States 


Name  of  Company 

Shares. 

Dividends. 

Issued. 

Par 
Val. 

Total  to 
Date. 

Latest. 

Date. 

Aint. 

.\llis-Chalmers,  pf .  . 

U.  S 

161,500 

$100 

33,108.875 

Feb. 

'04 

SI. 75 

.\mer.  ,\g.Chein.,  pf. 

U.  s 

181,530 

100 

2.836.800 

Apr. 

'10 

3.00 

.American  Cement.  . 

Penn 

200,000 

10 

1.3.88,000 

Julv 

'Id 

0.  10 

.\merican  Coal 

Md 

50,000 

25 

2,609,687 

Mar. 

'10 

0.75 

Bethlehem  Steel,  pt. 

Penn 

150,000 

100 

900,000 

Nov 

•06 

0.75 

Cambria  Steel 

Penn 

900,000 

50 

10,585,000 

May 

■10 

0.62i 

Central  C.  &C.,com. 

.Mo 

51,250 

100 

2,690,625 

Jan. 

•10 

1.50 

CentralC.  &C.,pf... 

Mo 

18,750 

100 

1,479,999 

Jan. 

'10 

1.25 

Col.&Hock.C.&I.,pf. 
Consolidated  Coal.  . 

Ohio 

69,244 

100 

591.550 

Oct. 

'09 

1.50 

Ill 

60,000 

100 

350,000 

.liilv 

'04 

1.00 

Consolidation  Coal.. 

Md 

190,247 

100 

J  17,59  1,510 

Apr. 

'10 

1.50 

Crucible  Steel,  pf. .  . 

Penn 

244.365 

100 

9,102,596 

Sept. 

'09 

1.50 

Empire  S.  &  I.,  pf. .  . 

N.  J 

25,000 

100 

1,008,033 

Jan. 

'10 

1.50 

Fairmont  Coal 

W.  Va.  .  . 

120,000 

100 

1,980,000 

Jan. 

'09 

2.00 

tleneralChem.,  com. 

U.  S 

74,103 

100 

J3. 464. 3 13 

Sept. 
July 

'10 

1.25 

Ueiieral  Cliem.,  pf .  . 

U.  S 

100,000 

100 

7,005,000 

'10 

1.50 

International  Salt .  . 

Penn 

182,280 

100 

911,400 

Dec. 

'06 

1.00 

Jeft.A-CrfC.*I.,cm. 

Penn 

15.000 

100 

330,000 

Aug. 

'05 

5.00 

Jert.&CrfC.&I.,pf. 

Penn .... 

15,000 

100 

1,012,500 

Aug. 

■10 

2.50 

Kern  River  Oil 

Cal 

20,000 

100 

84,000iJuly 

'OS 

0.18 

Lehigh  Coal  &  Nav.. 

Penn 

382,260 

50 

i/18, 268,900  .\ug. 

'1(1 

2.00 

Maryland  Coal,  pf .  . 

Md 

18,850 

100 

2,061,122  June 

'09 

2.50 

.Monon.  R.  Coal.pf. . 

Penn 

100,000 

100 

2,324,000  July 

'08 

3  50 

Nat.  Carbon,  com.  . 

U.  S 

55,000 

101) 

715,000 

Apr. 

'OK 

1.00 

Nat.  Carbon,  pf .  .  .  . 

u.  s 

45,000 

100 

3,071,259 

Nov. 

'08 

1   75 

National  Lead,  com. 

N.  Y 

206.554 

100 

4.386.015 

Oct 

'10 

0.75 

National  Lead,pf. . . 

N.  Y 

243,676 

100 

19.529,574 

June 

'10 

1.75 

NaflSleelAWire.pt. 

N.  Y 

25,778 

100 

631,561 

May 

'06 

1.76 

New  Central  Coal..  . 

Md 

50,000 

20 

390,000 

Nov. 

■OS 

0.40 

New  River  Coal,  pf.. 

W.  Va .  .  . 

37,617 

100 

451,405 

Nov. 

'08 

1.50 

Pacific  Coast  Borax . 

Cal 

19,000 

100 

2,086.500 

Aug. 

'05 

1.00 

Peerless  Oil 

Cal 

92,000 

10 

711.000 

June 

'08 

0.06 

Penna.  Salt 

Penn 

60,000 

50 

15.098.000 

Oct. 

'OS 

3.00 

Penna.  Steel,  pf.  .  .  . 

Penn 

165,000 

100 

8,662,500 

Nov. 

'08 

3.50 

Pliila.  Gas,  com 

Penn 

664,800 

50 

*24,264,600 

Feb. 

'09 

0,76 

Phila.  Gas,  pf 

Penn 

120,000 

50 

2,850,000 

Sept. 

'08 

1.25 

Pittsburg  Coal,  pf.  . 

Penn 

297,010 

100 

12,177,187 

,Iulv 

•10 

1.25 

PocahontasC.C,  pf.t 

W.  Va.  .. 

28,000 

100 

336,000 

Julv 

'09 

3.00 

Pocah'tasC.C,  cni.t. 

W.  Va . .  . 

45,000 

100 

t406,800 

Oct. 

'OS 

3,00 

Republic  I.  &S.,pf.. 

Ill 

204,169 

100 

9,262.998 

July 

'10 

1.75 

Sloss-Sheffleld,  com. 

Ala 

100,000 

100 

2,.383,000 

June 

'10 

1.25 

Sloss-Sheffleld,  pf.. . 

Ala 

67,000 

100 

4,572.400 

.lulv 

'10 

1.75 

Standard  Oil 

U.  S 

970.000 

100 

591.602.000 

June 

'10 

9.00 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  com.  . 

Tenn 

225.536 

100 

3,583,060 

Nov. 

'07 

1.00 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  pf .  .  . 

Tenn 

2,840 

100 

390,040 

Nov. 

'07 

2.00 

Texas&Pacific  Coal. 

Texas 

23,940 

100 

1,747,620 

Apr. 

'09 

1.50 

Uni.  Metals  .Selling.. 

U.  S 

50,000 

100 

5,875,000 

Jan. 

'09 

6.00 

U.S.  Steel  Corp.,  cm. 

U.  S 

5,083,025 

100 

116,387,717 

Sept. 

'10 

1 .  25 

U.S.  Steel  Corp.,pf. 
Va  Carolina  Ch.,pf. 

U.  S 

3,602.811 

100 

269.414,620 

.A.ug. 

'10 

1.76 

U.  S 

180,000 

100 

16,140,869 

Inlv 

'HI 

2.00 

Warwick  I.  A  S 

U.  S 

148,671 

10 

,572,340 

Mav 

'10 

0.30 

Westmoreland  Coal . 

Penn 

60,000 

50 

8,880,000 

Oct. 

'08 

2.50 

■(■Since  1894.  tSince  1907.  JSince  1890.     iStock  div.  $6,130,000  Mar. '09. 
j/Stock  div.  »2,866.950  Jan.  '10.     j  Stock  div.  10  per  cent.  Mar.  '10. 


Canada,  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America 


Name  of  Company 

AND    SiTU.iTION. 


Dividends. 


Amistad  y  Conc'rdia 

Batopilas 

British  Columbia,  c . 

Buffalo,  s 

Butters^  .Salvador,  g. 
Cobalt  Central,  s  . . . 

Coniagas 

Consolidated  M.  &  S. 
Crow's  Nest  Pass. .  . 
Crown  Reserve,  s. . . 

Iidlorce.  g,  s 

lioiuiriion  Coal,  com. 
llominion  Coal,  pf. . 
Dos  Estrellas,  g.s. .. 

F;|  Oro,  g.s 

Esperanza.  s.g 

tlranliy  Con 

Greene  Con.  Copper. 

(luana.juato 

(iuanajuato  D.,  pf.s, 
Unllcy  (iold,  g.  .  .  , 
Hinds  Con.,  g.s.c.l.. . 

Kerr  Lake,  s 

La  Rose  Con.,  s.  .  .  , 

Le  Roi,  Ltd.,  g 

Le  Roi  No.  2,  g 

Lucky  Tiger-Com.,g 
McKinley-Darj:agh,s 
.Mex.  Con.  M.<SrS.  Co. 
Mex.  Mill.iiTrans.pf. 
Mines  Co.  of  Am  .  .  , 
N.  Y.  &  Hond.  Ros. 

Nipissing,  s 

N.  S.  St.itCoal.  com, 
N.S.St.  i-Coal.pf. . 

Pefloles 

Peregrina  M .  &  M .  ,pf . 

Pinguico.  pf.  s 

Reco,  g.s. I 

Right  of  WayMinest 

Rio  Plala 

Securities  Corp.,  pf.. 
Silver  Queen,  s, .  . . 
Temiskaming,  s  .  .  .  . 
Tcm.&  Hud.  Bay,.s. 
Teziutlan  Copper. . . 

Tilt  Cove,  c 

Trcthcwey,  s 

Tyee.  c 


tSince  reorganization,     t Previous  to  Jan.  1910,  $324,644 


TffE 


AND 

spa 


r/^.r.VTT.Y.V.Y.Y. 


.Y:>\Y>Y.Y^TrY:TrrT^ 


ENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^^EEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
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VOL.  90 


AUGUST  13,  1910. 


NO.  7 


tlllVULATlUS    tSTATEilKSr 
lutrimi     VMi'.)     ii-c     printed     aittl     circuhitrd 

o:i4,."l(HI  ■    lo;(l<.v       of      The       KXi;i.\EEIlIN(i       AND 

Mining  Joi'itNAr.. 

Our  circulutiun   for  Jitlii,   lltld.    »■««  4."i,()UiJ 
copicn. 

Aiifjunt   i} 1 1,1111(1 

Aiiijiint   la :>,."ilMI 

\oiir  ficnt  free  retjutorhj,  no   back  nunihcrs. 
l-^iftiircfi   lire  liie,   net  eireulation. 


Conlents  iai.c 

Editorials  : 

The  Copper   Statistics  t'oi-  .Inly -iiii 

The  Mine  Woi-keis'  t.'onventiou -i'li 

i'ig   Iron   I'roduetion   in    IDlo ;iini 

Is  There  a  Cut  In   Kail    Prices'; .•!i"i 

Correspondence  and  Discussion  : 

Circular  Steel  Bins.  ..  .Calculation 
of  Uecovery  in  Concentration  .... 
Standards  of  Wori; 3M1 

California    Oil    liividends 3IW 

Injunction  against   ilroville  I'redses 3(l3 

Lirainase    of    Daiv-.Iudse    and    I>aIy-\Vest 

Mines    :w:i 

Uetails   of    I'ractlcai    .Mining : 

•Improved  Chuck  for  IMston  Drills 
.  ...Holding  Shaft  Tiniliers  with  Wire 
Cables.  ... 'I'lpe  Classlller  in  Hunker 
Hill  A:  Sullivan  .Mill  ....  Marking 
Launders  for  Mill  Solul  ions .... 'In- 
dicator for  Dredge  Stacker  Belts.  .  .  . 
•Built-up  Cin  I'ole,  ...  ♦Continuous 
.\gitation  in  I'achuca  Tanks  .... 
Practical  Drill  Tests  In  Uand  Mines 
...."Sand  I'liiing"  Stojies  in  the 
Transvaal.  ...  •Ore  Chute  Construc- 
tion ....  Determining  the  Sun's  Dec- 
lination frinu  an  old  Kpheineris.  .  .  . 
•.Mining    Turntalples 304 

Notes    fnun    California    oillields. 

Los  .l/o/(7c.s-  t'orrespondence  30S 

Accidents    in    Canadian    Mines. 

'I'oronio     f'orrespontlence   30.S 

I'tali   Copper   Operations 30S 

Ilomestake  .\id  Fund 3ti!l 

I'rogress    of    Miami    Construction. 

./.    I'inl;e    t'Ini ilnhii/    ^'.lll 

Mining  Activities  in  Siena  County.  .\.  .M'. 

lliiflhitnl     Leotherhee    '.\\'.\ 

Development     of     the     llegeler     Uousllng 

I'urnace Otto    MiihlhUn«er  314 

South    African    Notes 314 

•Scraper     Bucket     Kxcarator     in     I'lacer 

.Mining    31.-. 

Tin   Mining  In    the   Black    Hills 31.-. 

Constant    Krrt.rs    In    Mine    Sampling. 

/..  It.  i/iit.'tis  :ni; 

•Kecent    rr<.gress    in    Blast     Uoasting    of 

Sulphides //.    (I.    Ilnfmiin   317 

Tungsten  In   San  .luan  County.  Colo. 

Warren    ('.    frosxer  3'Jii 
•Heconstructlon  of  the  Angustlas  Cvanlde 

Mill Ilerlierl    .1.    \ieiiran-    :V1\ 

Sm.'lUng    Brl(|netled     Zinc    Ore. 

Throitore   ./.    Hoover   3'J3 

<)!'••   Deposits  In   Western   Ontario 32.-i 

Ahihania    Operjiti.rs     Discuss    Coal     Prob- 
lems  S/ieeiot    ('orreHtiontlenee   3'Jt; 

The    Coal    Deposits    in    Texas. 

Speeint    ('(irresjiintiienee   3L*fi 
Rescue   Station    in    AInl.ania .■?3ii 

Colliery     Notes 3311 

•Schuctze's  .\utomalli'    Acid   IClevator. 

.1.    Inncrhofer  331) 

Per.sonal.    ol.lluary    and    Societies 331 

ICdIti.rlal    Corresiuindenee 332 


The  Copper  Statistics  for  July 


Mliiin 

Markets    

'Illnilrated. 


334 

3.'!!1 


As  we  forecasted  last  week,  the  pro- 
duction of  American  refineries  decreased 
in  July,  and  rhis  was  by  all  means  the 
pleasing  factor  of  the  statistics  for  that 
month.  The  average  daily  rate  of  pro- 
duction in  June  was  4,240,639  lb.;  in 
July,  3,818,400  lb.  The  June  production 
was  generally  recognized  as  abnormal, 
and  even  without  the  curtailment  begun 
in  August  it  was  not  to  be  expected  that 
the  production  during  the  remainder  of 
UMO  would  average  more  than  4,000,000 
lb.  per  day. 

Quite  apart  from  the  stress  that  a  price 
of  less  than  13c.  per  lb.  puts  upon 
many  producers,  we  were  approaching 
closely  to  the  limit  of  present  smelting 
and  refining  capacity.  The  capacity  of 
the  refineries  treating  blister  copper,  dis- 
regarding two  or  three  small  works  that 
perhaps  are  permanently  out  of  commis- 
sion, at  the  end  of  1909  was  about  1,262,- 
000,000  lb.  per  annum.  Adding  230,000,- 
000  lb.  for  Lake  copper  and  77,000,000 
lb,  for  casting  and  pig  copper,  the  total 
is  1,569,000.000  lb.,  or  4,300,000  lb.  per 
day,  which  is  approximately  the  present 
maximum  capacity.  The  refiners  have 
not  been  making  or  planning  any  ad- 
ditions during  1910.  Doubtless  they  will 
have  to  do  so  before  long  if  conditions 
require  ihein  to  take  care  of  the  new  cop- 
per of  1911  on  top  of  the  monthly  maxi- 
mum production  of  1910. 

Let  us  remark  in  passing,  however, 
that  the  new  copper  of  1911  is  not  going 
to  burst  upon  us  like  the  flood  that  manv 
persons  expect.  Miami  will  probably 
start  its  mill  about  Jan.  I,  1911.  but  it 
will   probably   be   a  long  time   after  that 


before  its  full  capacity  is  attained.  Nev- 
ada Consolidated  began  smelting  about 
July  1,  1908,  but  it  was  not  until  near  the 
end  of  1909  that  a  production  of  5,000,000 
lb.  per  month  was  realized.  If  consump- 
tion increases  in  the  normal  ratio  during 
the  next  three  years,  Miami,  Ray,  Utah, 
Chino  and  Braden  will  probably  do  no 
more  than  supply  the  additional  require- 
ments. 

While  the  decrease  in  the  American 
production  in  July  was  particularly  grat- 
ifying, the  substantial  repetition  of  the 
returns  for  June  in  the  matter  of  domes- 
tic deliveries  was  unsatisfactory,  indicat- 
ing without  doubt  that  consumption  in 
this  country  has  undergone  some  contrac- 
tion. On  the  other  hand,  the  continued 
large  exportation  is  encouraging,  espec- 
ially when  taken  in  connection  with  the 
numerous  reports  of  growing  business 
among  manufacturers  abroad. 

The  net  result  of  the  American  sta- 
tistics for  July  was  an  increase  of  2,2,54,- 
661  lb.  in  the  stock  on  this  side,  against 
which  was  a  decrease  of  10,570,000  lb. 
in  Kurope,  making  a  decrease  of  8,315,- 
339  lb.  in  the  combined  statistics.  The 
statistics  for  July  go  far  to  pro"-  ojr 
contention  that  the  world's  consumption 
of  copper  had  overtaken  production  even 
before  the  drastic  curtailment  of  produc- 
tion was  inaugurated. 


The  Mine  Workers'  Convention 


An  important  crisis  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  United  Mine  Workers  comes 
to  a  point  this  week,  when  a  general 
convention  will  meet  at  Indianapolis.  The 
convention  has  been  called  specially  by 


300 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


President  Lewis  and  its  objects  are  clear- 
ly stated  in  the  call.  The  chief  one  is 
to  decide  whether  the  authority  of  the 
central  board  of  the  coal  miners'  union 
shall  maintain  its  authority,  or  whether 
it  is  to  be  set  aside  by  district  officers  of 
a  different  opinion.  Incidentally  the  set- 
tlement of  the  prolonged  strike  in  Il- 
linois will  be  brought  up  and  an  effort 
at  settlement   made. 

The  contest  is  between  the  moderate 
and  conservative  element.  led  by  Presi- 
dent Lewis,  which  believes  in  order  and 
respect  for  contracts;  and  the  turbulent 
element  which  advocates  violence  and  a 
loose  construction  of  agreements.  This 
element  is  led  by  District  President 
Walker,  of  Illinois,  to  whose  influence  it 
is  chiefly  due  that  the  recent  compromise 
offer  of  the  operators  was  rejected.  The 
general  belief  is  that  the  conservative 
element  is  the  stronger  in  numbers,  but 
the  other  is  more  active  and  noisy.  The 
convention  will  be,  without  doubt,  an  ex- 
citing one,  and  its  proceedings  may  even 
be  turbulent.  There  is  even  talk  of  a 
possible   split   in   the   union. 

President  Lewis  has  so  far  proved 
himself  a  safe  leader  and  has  tried  to 
conduct  the  affairs  of  the  union  on  the 
lines  laid  down  by  John  Mitchell.  In 
the  trouble  of  the  present  summer  he 
has  been  everywhere  in  favor  of  reason- 
able compromise.  Moreover,  he  has  in- 
sisted upon  that  adherence  to  contracts 
and  agreements  when  made,  which  is  nec- 
essary to  the  future  success  of  the  union. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  he  will  be  sup- 
ported by  the  convention. 


Pig  Iron  Production  in    1910 


The  curtailment  of  pig-iron  production, 
of  which  so  much  has  been  said,  was 
certainly  not  at  all  in  evidence  until  after 
Ju'"  '  The  make  of  pig  iron  for  the 
firs*  half  of  the  year,  as  reported  by  the 
American  Iron  and  Steel  Association,  was 
the  largest  ever  recorded  in  a  similar 
period.  The  total  was  15,012,392  tons, 
which  was  239,267  tons  more  than  in  the 
second  half  of  1909,  and  3,990,046  tons 
more  than  in  the  first  half  of  that  year. 
It  was  1,534,348  tons  more  than  in  the 
first-half  of  1907,  which  has  hitherto 
been  considered  the  year  of  unequaled 
boom.  It  may  also  be  noted  that  the 
make  for  the  half-year  exceeded  by  more 
than   a   million   tons   that   of   the   entire 


year  1900,  which  was  considered  a  large 
output.  In  10  years  our  output  was  more 
than  doubled,  and  even  then  the  full 
manufacturing  capacity  of  the  furnaces 
was  not   reached. 

There  are  some  peculiarities  in  the 
half-year  reports  which  are  not  entirely 
susceptible  of  explanation.  In  making 
these  comparisons  it  is  necessary  to  take 
the  second  half  of  1909,  when  conditions 
were  nearly  the  same  as  in  the  halt-year 
under  review.  It  is  well  known  that  for 
several  years  the  growth  of  the  basic 
open-hearth  steel  process  has  been  rapid, 
carrying  its  total  above  those  of  the 
bessemer  process.  In  the  present  year, 
however,  there  was,  apparently,  at  least 
a  check  to  this  growth.  The  production 
of  basic  pig  was  substantially  the  same 
in  both  half-years,  the  difference  being 
only  1166  tons  on  a  total  of  4,953,810; 
while  there  was  an  increase  of  238,995 
tons  in  bessemer  pig.  It  may  be  that  this 
resulted  from  the  fact  that  an  unusual 
proportion  of  the  1910  production  was 
made  by  the  furnaces  owned  and  op- 
erated by  the  steel  companies;  but  this 
is   only    a   suggestion. 

It  is  generally  admitted  now  that  the 
great  production  of  the  first  half  of  this 
year  was  a  mistake,  or  a  miscalculation. 
It  was  an  output  in  excess  of  the  de- 
mand. A  great  volume  of  business  was 
done,  but  there  was  in  no  sense  a  boom 
in  the  iron  trade,  and  consumption  did 
not  reach  the  high  point  which  many  ex- 
pected. There  was  a  surplus  of  iron 
which  brought  down  prices  in  the  open 
market  by  20  or  25  per  cent.;  and  which 
caused  the  accumulation  of  unsold  or  un- 
used stocks.  Before  the  end  of  the  half- 
year,  the  existence  of  these  stocks  was 
well  known  and  it  became  apparent  that 
production  must  be  curtailed  or  stocks 
would  reach  a  point  where  they  could  not 
be  carried.  The  movement  to  reduce  the 
make  began,  as  usual,  with  the  steel- 
works furnaces,  but  the  merchant  fur- 
naces followed.  That  it  has  not  yet  gone 
far  enough  is  generally  believed.  The 
extent  of  the  accumulation  is  not  ex- 
actly known,  since  stocks  are  not  re- 
ported; but  competent  judges  have  es- 
timated that  on  July  I  there  was  approx- 
imately 1,000,000  tons  of  unused  iron 
held  by  the  steel  companies  and  500,000 
tons  bv  the  merchant  furnaces.  One 
thing  is  known,  and  that  is  that  the  sur- 
plus, whatever  it  was,  was  carried  chief- 
ly by  the  makers.    Users  of  pig  iron  had 


been  for  some  time  buying  only  as  they 
needed  it;  throughout  the  country  there 
has  been  and  is  little  iron  held  in  the 
yards  of  foundries  and  the  smaller  steel 
companies.  Moreover,  few  of  these  buy- 
ers are  covered  by  contracts  running  far 
ahead.  Users  of  iron  have  preferred  to 
take  the  chances  of  the  open  market,  and 
they  are  probably  right. 

Our  manufacturing  capacity  at  the 
present  time  is  over  rather  than  under 
36,000,000  tons  yearly.  Allowing  for  the 
proportion  of  stacks  necessarily  out  of 
blast  for  repairs  and  rebuilding,  this 
means  a  possible  production  of  32,500,- 
000  tons  a  year;  and  this  will  be  in- 
creased by  1,000,000  tons  when  the  fur- 
naces now  under  construction  are  com- 
pleted. Our  manufacturing  capacity  has 
increased  faster  than  the  consuming  ca- 
pacity; and  a  halt  is  necessary.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  the  demand  will  grow 
up  to  the  supply;  but  it  will  take  time. 


Is  There   a   Cut  in  Rail   Prices? 

Considerable  interest  has  been  aroused 
by  a  report  in  Pittsburg  that  on  an  order 
for  20,000  tons  of  rails  for  a  Western 
road  the  Illinois  Steel  Company,  the 
Western  subsidiary  of  the  Steel  Corpora- 
tion, made  a  price  of  about  S26.50,  or 
SI. 50  below  the  standard  which  has  been 
maintained  since  February,  1901.  Cate- 
gorical denials  have  been  made  by  cor- 
poration representatives  in  Chicago, 
Pittsburg  and  New  York,  but  in  some 
quarters  it  is  believed  that  the  repont, 
although  perhaps  inaccurate  in  details, 
has  a  foundation  in  fact,  not  along  the 
line  that  any  cut  has  been  made  through 
competition  between  domestic  producers, 
but  because  of  the  troubles  in  the  Inter- 
national Rail  Syndicate.  It  is  said  that 
foreign  manufacturers  were  trying  to  get 
into  the  United  States  market  and  the 
Illinois  Steel  Company  cut  the  price,  pre- 
sumably with  full  knowledge  on  the  part 
of  the  other  rail  makers,  in  order  to  keep 
the  foreign  steel  out,  and  to  show  foreign 
mills  that  their  competition  can  be  met. 


In  a  recent  lecture  in  London,  Sir  Hugh 
Bell  estimated  the  early  value  of  the 
total  iron  and  steel  production  of  the 
United  Kingdom  at  £204,000,000;  while 
the  number  of  men  employed  is  1,400,- 
000,  or  about  one-sixth  of  the  occupied 
male  population  of  the  country. 


I 


Aueust  13.  1010. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


301 


CORRESPONDENCE  and  DISCUSSIOR 


■^  ^^      Views,       S  uig'g'e  s  t  i  o  n  s         ^        -^ 

^       and     Experiences      of     Readers 


Circular   Steel    B 


ins 


In  A.  Van  Zwaluwenburg's  descrip- 
tion of  the  plant  of  the  Teziutlan  Copper 
Company  in  the  Journal  of  July  23, 
1910,  on  page  170,  he  says:  "The  shells 
are  constructed  of  3/16-in.  steel  and 
carry  no  load  except  that  due  to  side 
pressure.  The  load  of  the  bin  contents 
is  carried  directly  by  the  rock  filling  in 
the  bottom,  etc." 

If  this  is  true  it  is  time  for  some  of  us 
to  wake  up  and  get  over  the  idea  that 
in  a  bin  of  these  dimensions,  i.e.,  25  ft. 
in  diameter  by  40  ft.  high,  the  greatest 
part  of  the  load  comes  down  the  sides 
of  the  bin. 

The  tanks  of  the  Old  Dominion  Copper 
Company  at  Globe,  Ariz.,  are  15  ft.  in 
diameter  and  26  ft.  deep,  with  hemi- 
spherical bottoms,  and  the  first  course 
above  the  hemisphere  is  of  5  16-in.  plate. 
There   is   a   large   plant   now   building   in 


its  regular  place  in  the  milling  system, 
and  with  each  test  running  from  four 
to  six  hours  continuously.  All  the  con- 
centrate produced  during  each  test  was 
saved  and  carefully  weighed,  sampled 
for  moisture  and  assay,  by  thoroughly 
mixing  and  sampling  with  a  split,  hollow 
"try-rod."  K  regular  fire  assay  was  em- 
ployed. 

A  ten-second  time  sample  of  the  feed 
and  of  the  tailing  was  taken  half-hourly 
during  the  test  by  cutting  out,  with  a 
sharp-edged  spout,  the  whole  stream  fall- 
ing through  a  two-inch  pipe.  The  samples 
were  dried,  weighed  and  assayed  for  lead 
by  the  Guess  electrolytic  process,  and 
for  silver  by  the  regular  fire  assay.  The 
weights  of  feed,  concentrate  and  tailing 
were  each  reduced  to  tons  per  24  hours. 

Calculating  the  Recovery 
The  concentrates  having  been  weighed 
and  having  followed  the  course  regularly 
taken  by  the  shipments  upon  which  final 


The  average  assay  of  the  concentrate, 
figured  from  the  assay  of  each  test,  was 
55.84  per  cent,  lead,  but  1.08  per  cent, 
lead  was  added  to  provide  for  the  dif- 
ference between  the  wet  assay  of  the 
feed  and  the  tailing  and  the  fire  assay 
of  the  concentrate,  a  long  period  of  ex- 
perimenting having  determined  this  fig- 
ure. 

Time   Sampling   an    Accurate   Method 
FOR  Determining  Mill  Tonnage 

The  accompanying  summary  of  the 
tests  shows  that  the  tonnage  of  the  pro- 
ducts by  time  sample  check  closely  the 
sum  of  the  tonnages  of  tailing  and  con- 
centrate, being  practically  equal  to  the 
tonnage  of  the  feed.  This  condition  pre- 
vailed generally  throughout  the  tests,  and 
coupled  with  the  results  attained  in  many 
other  tests  by  the  same  methods,  leads 
me  to  believe  that  careful  time  sampling 
is  an  accurate  way  to  determine  mill 
tonnages. 


.Sr.MMARY  OF  TESTS  AT  THE 

BUNKER 

HILL  &  SULLIVAN 

MINING  AND  CONCENTRATING  COMPANY. 

Feed. 

Concentrate. 

T.\II.1N'G. 

Per  Cent.  Extbaction. 

Tons 
24 
Hrs. 

Assay. 

Contents. 

Tons 
24 

Hrs. 

Assay. 

Contents. 

Tons 
24 
Hrs. 

Assay. 

Contents. 

Time 
Sample. 

Pb. 

Ag. 

Tons 
Pb. 

Oz. 
Ag. 

Pb. 

Ag. 

Pb. 

! 

Oz. 
Ag. 

Tons 
Pb. 

t)z. 
Ag. 

Ag. 

Tons 
Pb. 

Pb. 

Ag. 

Pb. 

Ag. 

847.41 
'847.1.5 
768.76 

797.. 51 
847 .  26 
84.5.90 

11.16 
10.62 
11. IC 
11.16 
10.62 
10.62 

.5.22 
.5 .  10 
.5 .  22 
.5.22 
.5.10 
,5.10 

94.55 
89.98 
85.79 
89.01 
89.97 
89 . 8:i 

4427 
4.318 
4013 
4163 
4821 
4314 

86.89.56  <!•; 

22.40 
22.40 
22.40 
22.40 
22.40 
22.40 

49.45 
49.45 
49.45 
49.45 
49.45 

1946 
1946 
1946 
1946 
1946 

760  26 
760  26 
•681.87 
■710.68 
■760.37 
'759.01 

5.33 
5.  ,33 
5.32 
5.56 
5.33 
5.32 

3.12 
3.12 
3.03 
3.12 
3.12 
3.11; 

40. 53 
40 .  53 
36.34 
39.56 
40.52 
10.38 

2.372 
2372 
2067 
2217 
2375 

2;;o8 

52.30 
54.95 

43.95 
45.06 

"B"  -^  tailiiifc  plus  c-oncentrate    ... 

86.89 
86.89 
86.89 

86.89 
86.89 

56 .  92 
56.92 
56.92 
56.92 
56.92 

"(;  '  -  formula  applied  to  "  A"    u.sina 
lead 

57.64 
55.55 
54.98 
55  04 

52  20 

"  L)  '  =  tonmilu  applii-d  to  "  .\"    using 
silver 

46  74 

"E     ^  formula  applied  to" B"    usinK 
lead . 

45  03 

"F"  ^  formula  applied  to"B"    using 
silver 

43   10 

the  Southwest  where  weights  were  cut 
to  a  minimum  and  the  ore  tanks,  which 
are  25  ft.  in  diameter  by  40  ft.  high. 
have  a  bottom  course  of  plates  5  16  in. 
thick. 

F.  W.  C. 
Kelvin    Ariz.,  July  30,    1910. 


Calculation     of    Recovery     in 
Concentration 

The  article  by  Theodore  J.  Hoover,  in 
the  Journal,  of  June  11,  entitled  Calcu- 
lation of  Recovery  in  Concentration,  re- 
calls a  series  of  tests  I  made  in  1908 
to  determine  the  comparative  efficiency 
of  several  different  types  of  concentrat- 
ing tables  on  various  feeds.  The  tests 
furnish  a  practical  example  of  the  prob- 
lems  presented    by    Hoover. 

About  200  tests  were  run  under  nor- 
mal working  conditions  with  each  wible'in 


smelter  settlements  are  made,  were  as- 
sumed to  be  correct.  The  recovery  of 
each  test  was  figured  from  the  relation  of 
the  feed  and  tailing  to  the  concentrate  in 
three  ways,  as  follows:  By  dividing  the 
contents  of  the  concentrate  ( 1 )  by  the 
contents  of  the  feed,  by  time  sample; 
(2)  by  the  contents  of  the  tailing  plus 
the  contents  of  the  concentrate,  by  time 
sample;  (3)  by  the  conteiits  of  the  feed, 
calculated   from  a   formula. 

This  formula  was  derived  by  letting 
.V  -  tons  of  feed;  V  r=  tons  of  tailing; 
F  assay  of  feed;  7"  —  assay  of  tail- 
ing; L  —  contents  of  concentrate,  and 
C  ^  tons  of  concentrate.     Then  X  —  V 

C  (1)  and  FX  —  TY  =  L  (2).  Mul- 
tiplying (1)  by  r  yields  (3)  TX  —  TY 
=  TC.  Subtracting  (3)  from  (2)  yields 
(4),  FX  —  TX  =  L  —  TC.  Solving  (4) 
L  —  TC 


for  .Y  gives  X  = 


F  —  T 


Time  Sample  vs.   Formula 

Referring  to  the  summary,  the  results 
in  "B"  indicate  that  the  tonnage  and  as- 
say of  the  concentrate  and  tailing  being 
correct,  the  feed  assay  is  too  high  by 
0.54  per  cent,  lead  and  0.12  oz.  silver. 
Assuming  the  feed  to  be  correct,  under 
like  conditions,  the  tailing  is  too  low  by 
0.6  per  cent,  lead  and  0.14  oz.  silver. 
If  we  assume,  on  the  other  hand,  that  the 
tonnage  and  assay  of  the  feed  and  tail- 
ing are  correct,  and  taking  the  weight 
of  the  concentrate  for  a  constant,  the 
assay  of  the  concentrate  would  have  to  be 
62.18  per  cent,  lead — a  difference  of 
5.26  per  cent,  over  the  compensated  as- 
say.    This  is  improbable. 

The  above  formula  applied  to  "A."  as 
shown  in  "C"  and  "D."  gives  a  wide  dif- 
ference in  the  feed  tonnages  and  shows 
a  discrepancy  between  the   lead   and   the 


302 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13.  1910. 


silver  assay  in  the  feed  or  in  the  tailing, 
or  both. 

Hoover's  Formula  Compared 

Using  Hoover's  formula  for  percent- 
age recovery,  and  applying  it  to  "A,"  the 
lead  recovery  is  57.71  per  cent,  lead, 
corresponding  to  "C"  and  46.74  per  cent, 
for  silver  corresponding  to  "D."  In  "C" 
and  "D,"  however,  the  tonnage  of  the 
concentrate  is  a  factor,  while  Hoover's 
formula  is  based  only  on  assays.  The 
close  results  from  the  two  formulas  indi- 
cate that  the  tonnage  of  the  concentrate 
is  correct. 

But  assuming  the  tonnage  and  assay  of 
the  concentrate  and  the  assay  of  the 
feed  and  the  tailing  to  be  correct,  there 
is  no  tonnage  of  feed  which  will  satisfy 
the  equations  in  the  formula,  applying 
both  lead  and  silver. 

The  above  tests  were  run  for  compar- 
ative efficiency  only,  so  that  the  actual 
recovery  was  not  vital,  and,  therefore,  in 
drawing  conclusions  from  the  results,  I 
used  the  recoveries  as  calculated  in  "A;" 
employing  "B,"  "C"  and  "D"  as  checks 
against  "A."  It  would  be  an  interesting 
problem,  however,  to  determine  from  the 
above  data  what  the  actual  recovery  was. 
R.  S.  Handy. 

Kellogg,  Idaho,  July  6,   1910. 


Standards  of  Work 

Engineers  and  mine  superintendents  in 
charge  of  the  execution  of  work  are 
grappling  every  day  with  the  problem  ot 
how  much  can  or  ought  a  man  to  do,  and 
there  is  little  to  help  him  in  the  matter 
but  his  own  common  sense  and  experi- 
ence. If  one  has  kept  notes  of  one's 
work,  one  will  find  them  to  consist  al- 
most entirely  of  how  to  do  tilings,  and 
how  much  certain  men  and  machines  can 
do.  The  essence  of  an  engineer's  work 
today  is  to  obtain  the  maximum  output 
with  the  minimum  cost.  The  latter  is 
easily  reckoned,  but  it  is  the  former  that 
is  so  difficult  to  obtain   and   to   appraise. 

Ai.L   Conditions   Must    Be   Known    be- 
fore Comparisons  Can  Be  Made 

The  output  of  a  man  or  machine 
should,  theoretically,  be  the  same  all 
over  the  world,  but  those  who  have 
worked  in  different  parts  realize  how 
much  it  varies.  But  if  one  is  handling 
the  native  races  of  the  East,  or  the  Latin 
American,  although  it  is  well  to  know 
how  much  a  man  will  do  in  Europe  or  the 
United  States  on  similar  work,  it  is  not  to 
be  expected  that  one  will  get  the  same 
result  in  India  or  Peru.  So  we  come  to 
the  necessity  of  knowing  the  conditions 
and  environment.  These  cannot  be  too 
carefully  and  clearly  stated,  in  order  that 
a  man,  say,  dipging  a  water-ditch  in 
Burma,  may  compare  the  cubic  yards  per 


man  with  those  obtained  by  another  en- 
gineer doing  the  same  thing  in  the  Chil- 
ean Andes. 

In  established  mining  camps,  certain 
amounts  of  work  and  output  have  by  long 
usage  become  standard,  and  the  engineer 
who  tries  to  improve  on  them  has  to 
face  a  lot  of  organized  opposition  and 
will  usually  get  only  temporary  results, 
in  new  countries,  however,  it  is  possible 
to  gradually  increase  the  output  of  work 
per  man  considerably  and  permanently 
by  a  combination  of  experience,  firmness, 
tact  and  system. 

Increasing  Efficiency  of  Labor 

On  a  mine,  perhaps  70  per  cent,  of  the 
costs  are  for  labor  and  wages,  and  10 
per  cent,  increase  in  the  work  per  man 
per  day  means  a  good  deal  more  than  10 
per  cent,  reduction  in  the  cost  of  sup- 
plies. I  know  managers  who  will  spend 
months  in  reducing  the  price  of  a  box  of 
dynamite  one  dollar,  while'  the  same 
amount  of  work  and  thought  might,  by 
proper  encouragement  of  the  miners  who 
use  the  dynamite,  increase  the  work  they 
do  by  20  per  cent,  per  day  for  the  same 
pay. 

The  reduction  on  the  cost  of  the  dyna- 
mite is  excellent,  but  it  should  go  hand  in 
hand  with  the  increase  in  the  work  of  the 
man  who  uses  it.  But  it  is  not  so  easy 
to  get  the  latter,  either  by  intermittent 
aggressiveness  or  persuasion,  and  mere 
dollars  in  cost  per  meter  or  ton  will  not 
tell  how  the  results  compare  with  those 
obtained  elsewhere.  One  may  find  that 
the  rate  of  sinking  on  the  Kolar  gold- 
fields  is  so  much  per  month  and  that  in 
Guanajuato  they  pay  so  much  per  meter 
drifting  in  medium  ground,  the  miners  on 
contract  figuring  to  get  so  much  per  dav 
as  a  minimum  wage. 

This  may  help  but  one  wants  to  know 
a  whole  lot  more  before  applying  either 
standard  to  a  mine  in  Bolivia.  One  must 
know  the  size  of  the  drift  or  shaft,  the 
hours  worked,  the  hardness  of  the 
ground  and  how  it  breaks,  the  method  of 
drilling,  whether  by  single-jacking  or 
double  or  machines,  the  size  of  steel  and 
the  kind  of  powder,  the  number  and 
length  of  holes  per  shift,  whether  the 
ground  was  dry  or  wet,  the  ventilation, 
the  kind  and  weight  of  hammers  and 
the  amount  drifted  per  man  per  shift. 
The  latter  is  an  important  criterion  when 
comparing   workings    of   equal   size. 

Record    Results    Not    Comparable    in 
Different  Districts 

If  all  these  data  for  mines  in  a  dozen 
different  places  were  available,  the 
amount  of  work  done  in  a  mine  could 
be  accurately  judged  and  it  would  he 
easy  to  determine  if  it  was  below  the 
standard  for  the  prevailing  conditions. 
The  published  information  on  records  of 
sinking,  raising,  drifting,  etc.,  do  not  help 
one   in  coming  to  a  decision  as  to  what 


one's  own  men  ought  to  do.  If  the 
number  of  feet  of  holes  drilled  per  foot 
of  progress  made,  be  calculated  for  any 
of  these  records,  one  will  be  agreeably 
surprised  to  find  how  much  better  work 
one's  own  miners  are  doing.  But  that  is 
a  long  way  from  proving  that  one's  pres- 
ent results  are  sufficiently  satisfactory. 
One  may  figure  and  compare  similarly 
the  powder  per  foot  of  hole  or  per  ton 
of  rock  and  once  more  get  a  better  result 
than  the  record  figures  show. 

But  it  will  be  of  considerable  assist- 
ance to  know  that  on  a  certain  mine  in 
Mexico,  the  average  rate  per  man  per 
day,  taken  over  a  year's  work  on  similar 
development  in  drifts,  etc.,  is,  say,  20 
cm.,  with  a  maximum  rate  of  so  much  in 
the  easiest  ground.  Such  information 
would  help  the  miner  amid  new  condi- 
tions. It  is  in  the  hope  that  the  Journal 
will  devote  an  occasional  page  to  such 
"standards"  and  that  its  readers  will  help 
by  sending  the  complete  itemized  data 
on  practical  operations,  reviewed  from 
time  to  tim.e,  that  these  notes  are  written. 
.\  standard  of  work  does  not  mean  the 
record  for  the  particular  class  consid- 
ered, but  rather  the  average  over  a  long 
period.  At  the  same  time  a  maximum 
rate  should  always  be  given  when  pos- 
sible, as  it  indicates  what  is  to  be  at- 
tained under  the  more  favorable  circum- 
stances. If  one  takes  the  best  peon  on 
the  mine  and  bribeshimsufficiently  he  may 
mine,  say,  a  record  number  of  tons  in  a 
day,  or  load  a  phenomenal  number  of 
cars,  but  this  would  be  no  criterion  for 
other  similar  work,  although  it  might 
help  in  forming  an  idea.  What  is  needed 
are  average  results,  taken  over  periods 
sufficiently  long  to  equalize  the  irregular- 
ities of  varying  conditions  and  different 
laborers. 

Special    Records    Are    Useful    When 
Properly  Applied 

The  statement,  however,  of  so  much 
work  done  on  one  single  occasion  by  so 
many  men,  is  also  a  valuable  standard 
when  properly  used.  Standards  may  be 
worked  out  on  all  sorts  of  things,  show- 
ing the  rate  per  man  or  supplies  per 
unit.  For  example,  in  drill  sharpening, 
the  number  of  drills  per  day  dressed,  or 
the  amount  of  coke  or  charcoal  per  drill 
used  is  useful  data;  and  may  be  re- 
corded as  a  standard,  to  improve  on  if 
possible.  On  a  certain  mine  in  Mexico, 
I  have  seen  it  stated  that  a  ton  of  rock 
was  broken  for  every  foot  of  hole  drilled 
in  a  certain  year.  That  statement  is  too 
bald  and  requires  supplementing  in  order 
to  make  useful  comparisons;  even  as  it 
stands  it  is  a  neat  standard  of  work  done. 

I  know  another  mine  where  two  men 
drilling  double-handed  break  about  four 
tons  a  shift,  but  to  make  that  informa- 
tion useful  one  needs  to  state  the  width 
of  the  lode,  the  kind  of  mining,  and  a 
number    of   other    details    that    are    inti- 


August  13,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


303 


mately  related  to  it  and  are  included  in 
the  final  result.  Again,  two  men  with  a 
certain  size  car  can  load  and  tram  so 
many  tons  a  day  a  certain  distance;  when 
the  actual  size  of  car  and  the  distance 
is  given  you  can  work  out  the  ton-mile- 
age per  year  and  apply  this  factor  to 
any  particular  drift  where  the  conditions 
are  somewhat  similar.  Furthermore,  so 
many  men  on  a  windlass,  or  a  certain 
size  barrel  with  a  stated  bucket  load,  can 
raise  a  certain  number  of  tons  per  shift 
of  eight  hours  from  a  certain  depth;  if 
you  work  out  the  foot-pounds  per  man 
you  have  a  useful  factor  to  apply  else- 
where. 

Standards  of  Work  Unconsciously  Ob- 
served IN  Many  Mines  but 
Seldom  Recorded 

Standards  of  work  are  as  necessary  to 
the  mine  superintendent  as  costs  per  ton 
or  foot  and  are  closely  interdependent.  A 
mason  can  do  so  many  cubic  yards  of 
dry-stone  walling  in  a  day;  if  one  hap- 
pens to  know  this  figure  it  is  something, 
but  the  width  of  the  wall  and  its  hight 
are  also  factors  in  the  total  of  cubic  yards 
and  are  necessary  to  apply  the  standard. 

In  rock  drilling  there  is  a  large  scope 
for  comparisons  and  standards  and  data 
relating  to  it  from  all  parts  of  the  world 
would  make  a  useful  little  volume.  One 
needs  the  maximum  that  a  man  can  do, 
as  for  instance  in  drilling  contests,  and 
also,  the  working  averages  actually  ob- 
tained in  the  regular  course  of  mining 
work,  both  in  development  and  in  break- 
ing ore.  This  information  must  be  fig- 
ured in  various  ways,  such  as  feet  per 
shift,  powder  per  foot,  feet  of  hole  per 
foot  of  drift,  or  raise,  or  winze,  feet  of 
hole  per  ton  of  rock,  feet  of  drift  per 
day  per  man,  etc. 

In  every  department  of  a  mine,  on  the 
surface  and  underground,  day  by  day, 
these  standards  are  being  used  almost 
unconsciously,  but  rarely  noted.  Yet  if 
they  were  placed  on  record  and  could  be 
compared  with  similar  data  obtained  in 
various  other  countries,  where,  due  to 
economic  conditions,  climate,  altitude, 
etc.,  the  results  were  different,  it  is  prob- 
able that  in  many  cases  it  would  be  found 
possible  to  improve  on  one's  own  at- 
tainments. In  obtaining  and  recording 
such  data,  however,  it  is  essential  to  note 
every  dimension  and  fact  that  would  ap- 
parently influence  the  result  Then  one 
has  a  valuable  criterion  and  can  accur- 
iitely  sum  up  the  merits  of  one's  own  or 
another's  work. 

All  this  does  not  apply  only  to  human 
output,  but  also  to  that  of  machines  and 
animals.  All  facts  that  would  indicate 
the  capacity  of  a  machine  or  the  ton- 
inileage  abilities  of  a  mule  are  useful 
standards. 

A.  Livingstone  Oke. 

Rodeo,  San  Juan,  Argentina, 
.lune  7,   1910. 


California  Oil  Dividends 


Dividends  paid  by  a  number  of  Cali- 
fornia oil  companies  during  July,  1910, 
together  with  the  total  dividends  to  date 
as  reported  by  the  San  Francisco  Stock 
Exchange,  are  shown  in  the  accompany- 
ing table: 

Jlll.V. 

1910,      Total  Paid 

Name  of  Company.          Diviilend.  lo  Date. 

Alma  Oil  Co S   11.400  S   182.100 

AiTialKamaU'd  Oil  Co .50.000  1,5,50.000 

Aiiii-iican  Pelrolciiiii,  pfd  . . .       16,667  2,i0.:i01 

A licaii  Petrolciiin,  com.  .      8.3,33.3  1.305..j2.'> 

raiihdu  Oil  &  Mining  Co 20.176  781,234 

Claioniont 10,000  365.000 

Coliiiiiiiia 9,992  314,767 

ivl  ney 3,927  l.i.710 

Knipire 6,000 

Kuclid 3,500  138,000 

IloiMi' 2,000  482.000 

HoMu-^take 1,000  7H.2.')0 

Imperial 800,000  4.000,000 

Kern  River 2,000  108.000 

Ma.scot .5.000  30.000 

Mecra 12.675  71,825 

Mexican  Petroleum 87.693  3,324.115 

Monte  Cristo 50.000  590.000 

New  Penn.  Petroleum 5.000  10.000 

Palmer 18,020  322.441 

Pinal 15.000  946,999 

Premier ' 10,000  40,000 

Kecord 7..500  85.000 

S.  K.  .V  McKitrick 15,000  400.000 

Saner  Dough 4,987  537,253 

Section  25 10,000  .50,000 

Scsnou 6,000  132.000 

Superior 5.000  02,500 

fnion 124.813  0,867.507 

I'niled 40,375  2,340.462 

Wabash 60,000  189,000 

Total  for  July,  I'jio .$1,474,570 


Injunctions  against  Oroville  Dredges 

The  California  Anti-Debris  Asso- 
ciation, through  its  attorneys,  has  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  injunctions  against 
eight  dredges  in  the  Oroville  field  on  the 
plea  that  they  are  allowing  their  tailings 
to  flow  into  Feather  river.  The  eight  in- 
junctions cover  the  dredges  of  three  com- 
panies, including  the  Oro  Water,  Light 
and  Power  Company,  and  the  Viloro  com- 
pany. The  association  considers  this  the 
first  important  step  toward  controlling 
and  perhaps  stopping  dredge  mining  at 
Oroville.  .^s  the  people  of  Sacramento 
are  complaining  about  the  dredges  in  the 
I'olsom  dredging  field  on  the  American 
river,  and  are  taking  steps  to  prevent  the 
pollution  of  the  water,  it  is  evident  that 
the  dredge  men  of  the  State  have  some 
litigation  ahead  of  them. 

An  injunction  was  recently  issued  by 
Judge  Post,  of  the  Superior  Court,  in 
Sacramento  in  the  anti-debris  suit  of 
Yuba  county,  against  the  North  American 
Consolidated  Hydraulic  Mining  Com- 
pany. The  peculiarity  of  the  injunction 
in  this  case  is,  that  it  is  issued  against 
the  mining  ground  itself,  as  well  as  its 
owners,  which  is  the  first  time  that  such 
a  thing  has  been  done.  The  injunction 
attaches  a  perpetual  prohibition  upon  the 
land,  no  matter  who  the  subsequent  own- 
ers or  lessees  may  be.  There  is  no  doubt 
of  a  serious  legal  question  as  to  the  valid- 
ity of  an  injunction  of  this  sort.  The  in- 
dividual owner  or  manager  is  by  this 
action  virtually  eliminated  or  ignored. 


If  the  hydraulic  miners  and  the  dredge 
miners  could  get  together  and  resuscitate 
the  California  Miner's  Association  by 
bringing  in  new  blood  and  bringing  for- 
ward new  and  vital  issues  connected  with 
the  mining  industry  of  the  State,  the  Anti- 
Debris  Association  could  no  longer  have 
things  all  its  own  way  as  it  appears  to  have 
at  present.  The  same  steps  are  being 
taken  against  the  dredge  men  as  were 
taken  against  the  hydraulic  miners  and 
by  the  same  association.  A  lukewarm  and 
passive  defense  will  no  longer  answer 
if  these  two  branches  of  the  gold-mining 
industry  are  to  continue  to  thrive  in  Cali- 
fornia. 


Drainage    of   Daly-Judge  and 
Daly-West  Mines 

An  agreement  was  reached  between 
the  Daly-Judge  and  the  Daly-West  mines. 
July  27,  by  which  drainage  connec- 
fions  will  be  made,  and  the  Ontario  tun- 
nel extended  into  Daly-Judge  territori'. 
The  Daly-West  is  to  drive  its  1550-ft. 
level  to  the  end  lines  of  the  Daly-Judge, 
and  started  work  on  this,  July  28.  The 
Daly-Judge  will  take  up  the  work  and  ex- 
tend the  drift  under  the  Anchor  shaft, 
which  will  give  a  depth  of  1950  ft.  The 
Anchor  shaft  is  1650  ft.  deep,  and  will 
be  sunk  to  connect  with  this  work.  Later 
the  Ontario  drain  tunnel,  the  Daly-West 
2100-ft.  level,  will  be  extended  into  Daly- 
Judge  ground.  This  will  give  a  depth  of 
2500  ft.  at  the  Anchor  shaft. 

The  Dalv-Judge  has  not  been  able  to 
develop  its  property  below  the  1500-ft. 
level,  owing  to  water,  and  mining  on  the 
Ontario-Daly  fissure  has  been  carried  on 
to  the  1200- ft.  level  only.  This  fissure 
extends  across  the  Daly-Judge,  and  is 
now  opened  on  the  strike  for  2600  ft., 
from  which  much  ore  has  been  mined  in 
the  Ontario,  Daly,  and  Daly-West.  Ore 
was  opened  in  this  fissure  from  the  1600- 
ft.  level  of  the  Anchor  shaft,  but  the 
miners  were  driven  out  by  water.  At 
present,  the  Daly-Judge  is  mining  some 
of  its  best  ore  from  the  Ontario-Daly 
fissure  on  the   1200  level. 

Negotiations  have  been  carried  on  be- 
tween the  Daly-Judge  and  Daly-West  for 
over  two  years.  The  heavy  flows  of  wa- 
ter, and  the  inability  to  reach  an  under- 
standing resulted  in  the  starting  of  the 
Snake  Creek  tunnel.  This  work  will  not 
be  interfered  with,  and  the  tunnel  will  be 
continued  to  develop  the  Bonanza  Flat 
holdings  of  the  Daly-Judge,  which  ex- 
tends two  miles  from  the  Anchor  shaft; 
it  will  also  permit  the  exploration  of  the 
territory  owned  by  the  Knight  and  other 
interests  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
camp.  Aside  from  the  drainage  royalty 
which  will  be  paid  the  Daly-West,  the  lat- 
ter will  secure  better  ventilation  when 
connections  are  made,  and  will  be  en- 
abled to  develop  700  ft.  or  more  of  un- 
explored territory  lying  close  to  the  Daly- 
Judge  lines. 


304 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as' 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Improved  Chuck    for  Piston  Drills 


In  the  North  Star  mines,  at  Grass  Val- 
ley, Cal.,  a  special  type  of  chuck  de- 
signed by  Messrs.  Paynter  and  Bastian, 
employees  of  the  company,  is  used  on 
the  piston-machine  drills.  The  peculiar- 
ity of  the  chuck  is  that  it  includes  no 
bolts,  and  hence  does  not  require  the 
use  of  a  wrench  for  tightening  the  hold 
upon  the  drill  shank.  The  accompanying 
working  drawing  shows  the  details  of  the 
chuck  and  clamping  arrangement. 

The  chuck  is  drilled  as  usual  to  receive 
the  shank  of  the  drill  steel.  A  slot,  above 
and  parallel  to  the  shank  of  the  steel,  is 
cut  in  the  chuck  to  receive  a  gib  A  that 
bears  against  the  shank  of  the  drill.  Be- 
low the  drill  socket  and  perpendicular  to 


of  chuck  has  been  used  for  several  years 
in  the  North  Star  mines  and  has  proved 
entirely  satisfactory.  Its  advantage  over 
the  ordinary  type  where  bolts  have  to  be 
drawn  tight  every  few  minutes  should  be 
evident.  The  construction  embodies  no 
particular  difficulties. 


tightly  filled.  No  trouble  has  since  been 
encountered  with  the  shaft  at  this  point, 
and,  as  stated,  it  is  true  throughout  its 
course. 


Holding  Shaft  Timbers  with  Wire 
Cables 

The  Fremont  shaft,  at  the  Fremont 
Consolidated  mine,  near  Amador  City, 
Cal.,  has  two  compartments  and  dips  at 
an  angle  of  52  deg.  It  is  650  ft.  deep 
with  a  50-ft.  sump,  and  is  true  through- 
out its  depth,  being  unquestionably  the 
best  inclined  shaft  on  the  Mother  Lode. 
In  sinking  t!-is  shaft,  some  heavy  ground 


Cross  Section  on  Line  m-JV 
Gib  and  Key,  but  not 
Bushing  Key,  shown. 


I 


^i 


Bushing  Keys 


1^ 


Tfie  Engineering  i Mining  Joumotr 


Cross  Section  on  Line  m-n 
Gibs  and  Keys  not  show.n. 

North  Star  Boltless  Chuck  for  Piston  Drills 


the  axis  of  the  chuck  two  holes  are  cut 
to  receive  bushing  keys  .V  and  Y,  that 
bear  against  either  end  of  the  lower  part 
of  the  drill  shank  and  take  up  wear  from 
the  chuck.  A  strap  or  band  C  fits  around 
the  chuck  and  over  a  tapered  key  B 
that  bears  on  the  gib  A.  The  key  B  is 
tapered  away  from  the  end  of  the  chuck 
so  that  when  every  impact  of  the  drill 
against  rock  drives  it  further  under  the 
strap  C,  the  gib  is  forced  more  tightly 
against  the  drill  shank.  There  is,  hence, 
no  tendency  of  the  drill  to  become  loose 
in  the  chuck.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is 
held  more  securely  at  each  stroke.  The 
key  B  is  made  with  a  heavy  head  at 
either  end. 

To  fasten  the  drill  in  the  chuck  the  key 
is  driven  tight  by  a  blow  upon  the  head 
at  the  larger  end.  A  blow  on  the  other 
end  of  the  key  serves  to  loosen  it  and 
allows  the  drill  to  be  removed.  This  type 


Pipe  Classifier   in  Bunker  Hill 
&  Sullivan   Mill 


In  the  new  concentrating  mill  of  the^ 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Mining  and  Con- 
centrating  Company,  at   Kellogg,   Idaho, 


that  caved  badly  was  encountered.  It 
was  impossible  to  get  a  bearing  for  the 
wall  plates  or  caps,  and  the  more  the 
ground  was  trimmed  away  to  secure  a 
bearing  for  these  timbers,  the  worse  it 
caved,  until  a  large  cavern  was  formed 
above   the   shaft. 

In  order  to  timber  the  shaft  through 
this  ground,  the  expedient  of  securing 
the  timbers  in  place  with  old  hoisting 
cable  was  tried  and  proved  quite  suc- 
cessful. The  sets  in  the  caving  zone 
were  tied  with  the  cable  to  those  above 
which  had  firm  bearings  in  the  wall  rock. 
This  hanging  of  the  timbers  was  con- 
tinued until  firm  ground  that  would  give 
sufficient  bearing  for  the  timbers  was 
again  encountered.  Stringers  were  then 
placed  over  the  suspended  shaft  sets  and 
upon  them  a  cribbing  built  up  in  the 
opening;  old  timbers  and  waste  were 
stowed    in    it    until    it    was    entirely    and 


Spigot 
Discharge^ 
Jlhc  Enffincemng  ^  Mining  Jt/umaX 

Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Pipe 
Classifier 

the  product  from  the  first  hutch  of  the 
classifying  jigs  go  to  pipe  classifiers. 
The  overflow  from  these  pipe  classifiers 
passes  to  Card  concentrating  tables,  the 
dewatered  spigot  product  being  shipped 
directly. 

The  pipe  classifier  is  ideal  for  the  con- 
ditions under  which  it  is  operated,  i.e., 
for  handling  a  hutch  product  under  2 
mm.  in  size  and  consisting  mostly  of 
straight  galena  ore.  If  the  feed  con- 
tained a  middling  product  this  classifier 
would  not  be  satisfactory,  as  the  middlings 
would  be  discharged  with  the  spigot 
product.  The  pipe  classifier  raises  the 
percentage  of  lead  from  50  per  cent,  in 
the  feed  to  80  per  cent,  in  the  spigot  ma- 
terial. Feed  water  under  20  ft.  is  used 
on  the  classifiers. 

As  shown  in  the  drawing,  the  classify- 
ing machines  are  extremely  simple  in 
construction,  and  can  be  readily  built  up 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


305 


from  sections  of  1-,  I'l—,  2-,  2'j-  and 
3-in.  pipe,  and  suitable  connections.  In 
the  detail  drawing  accompanying  this 
article,  the  feed  is  through  A,  B — B' 
is  the  sorting  column,  C  the  spigot  and  D 
the  pipe  through  which  the  hydraulic 
water  is  supplied.  The  various  portions 
of  the  classifier  have  the  following  vol- 
umes, expressed  in  gallons  per  minute: 
A,  5.8;  fi,  9.2;  B\  3.3;  C,  4.7;  D,  8.  The 
sorting  velocity  is  about  7  in.  per  second. 
The  pipe  classifier  is  peculiarly  adapted 
to  the  treatment  of  the  heavy  silver-lead 
galena  ores  of  the  Cccur  d'Alene  dis- 
trict, and  has  given  satisfactory  results 
in  the   Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mill. 


Determining   the  Sun's   Declination 
from  an  Old    Ephemeris 

By   a.   W.   Warwick* 

Engineers  working  in  isolated  parts  of 
the  world  encounter  many  unforseen 
difficulties.  This  is  especially  true  in  re- 
gard to  surveying  problems.  Several 
years  ago,  while  in  Mexico,  I  had  oc- 
casion to  determine  the  true  meridian. 
The  ephemeris  for  the  current  year  had 
been  sent  for,  but  had  been  in- 
tercepted or  lost  in  the  mail.  The  prob- 
lem was  to  obtain  the  declination  of  the 
sun  for  the  current  year  from  a  previous 
year's  ephemeris.  Of  course,  this  prob- 
lem could  be  solved  by  the  ordinary 
astronomical  computer's  methods,  but 
these  are  generally  beyond  the  mining 
engineer's  skill,  even  if  he  had  the 
necessary  elements  for  making  the  cal- 
culation. 

Under  such  circumstances  an  easily 
remembered  rule  which  can  be  applied 
mentally  is  useful  and  accurate  enough 
for  all  ordinary  surveying  purposes.  The 
rule  is: 

Take  out  the  declination  for  the  cor- 
responding date  in  the  previous  year's 
ephemeris,  as  well  as  the  hourly  differ- 
ence in  seconds;  move  the  decimal  place 
one  figure  to  the  left  and  call  them  min- 
utes. Add  or  subtract,  inversely  as  the 
declination,  north  or  south,  is  gaining  or 
losing. 

Principle  of  the  Rule 
The  principle  of  this  rule  is  simple. 
The  solar  year  is  approximately  365'4 
days.  The  normal  calendar  year  is  365 
days.  Hence  the  calendar  year  gains 
6  hours  on  the  solar  year.     It  is  obvious, 

D(-K.        Mill. 

Dec.  of  8un  Jtiiii' I.  liHHi N '2'J         O..') 

Dlff.  for  1  houra)  Hniln.  :corr6ctlon     ....  S.08 

Dnc.  of  sun.  Juno  1,  11)10 N  21        6S.42 

Check  with  epboniorls  I'.IKI N  21        68..'! 

Error il         (i.oH 

therefore,  that  the  declination  of  the  sun 
for  noon,  June  1,  1910.  should  be  the 
same  as  the  declination  of  the  sun  at  6 
a.m.,  June  1,  1909.  Hence,  by  multiplying 

•Mlnlne  enKlnoer.  McFMiee  liulldlnK.  I>i'"- 
vcr,  Colo. 


the  hourly  difference  in  seconds  (June 
1,  1909)  by  6  and  dividing  by  60,  gives 
the  correction,  in  minutes,  to  be  ap- 
plied. The  declination  is  gaining  north, 
hence  the  correction  must  be  subtracted 
and  the  result  is  the  sun's  declination 
for  noon,  June   1,   1910. 

It  is  obvious  that  if  the  ephemeris  is 
two  years  old  the  correction  to  be  ap- 
plied must  be  multiplied  by  two.  Of 
course,  this  correction  takes  no  account 
of  the  change  in  the  sun's  declination 
due  to  precession,  etc.  Remembering, 
however,  that  the  year  would  be  20  min. 
longer  if  there  were  no  precession,  the 
declination  can  be  calculated  for  the  cur- 
rent year,  even  from  an  ephemeris  10 
years  old. 


five  seconds,  which  is  quite  negligible  for 
the  surveyor's  purpose  when  using  a 
light  mountain  transit. 


Mining  Turntable 
By  W.  C.  Richards'* 


The  turntable  shown  in  the  sketch  w^as 
made  to  use  with  a  wooden  track  while 
doing  exploration  work.  It  consists  of  a 
circular  table  and  a  stationary  platform 
of  suitable  size  to  go  between  mud  sills. 
The  platform  is  about  3  ft.  square  made 
of  !'/xl2-in.  boards  with  a  6x8-in.  sill 
across  the  center.     In  the  center  is  sunk 


Plan 


j;-^— // 


U  JP  The  Knginttring  fMintng  Joumai 

Seetioti  on  A'B 


Simple  Mining  Turntable  for  Use  in  Prospecting 


Leap  year  causes  no  confusion  if  one 
remembers  that  the  date  in  leap  year  cor- 
responds to  the  date  of  the  previous  year 
plus  one,  after  Feb.  28.  Thus,  March 
2,  l!i()8,  corresponds  to  March  3,  1907. 
Hence  to  calculate  the  declination  March 
2,  1908,  from  the  ephemeris  for  1907, 
the   following  steps  are  taken: 

DeK.        MIn. 

Dor.  ..f  sun.  Mnroh  3. 1007 87  H.li 

DIIT.  f<  -r  1  hour  .*i".-'('.  niln. :  correction  fi.(J7 

8  7         1«.67 

Epliomorla  1908  Rlvoe 7         14. .'i 

Error ii  ii.in 

The  sun's  declination  was  diminish- 
ing, hence  the  correction  was  added.  It 
is  interesting  to  note  that,  allowing  20 
min.  each  year  for  precession,  the  de- 
clination for  Jan.  1.  1910,  was  calculated 
from  a  1902  ephemeris  with  an  error  of 


half  of  a  I'l-in.  flange  union  G.  An- 
other flange  is  placed  over  this  but  re- 
versed to  form  the  bearing.  The  2x4-in. 
pieces  C,  are  nailed  to  the  platform  so 
as  to  form  a  continuation  of  the  track 
and  are  raised  to  the  level  of  the  track 
by  the  blocks  F.  The  sections  of  track 
are  nailed  to  the  table  A.  A  I-in.  cut  is 
made  for  about  one- fourth  of  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  table  and  a  stop  E 
placed  where  it  will  engage  the  table 
at   the    right   place. 

When  the  platform  is  set  in  place  the 
iron  pin  H  is  driven  through  a  hole  bored 
in  the  6x8-in.  sill  to  form  the  pivot  for 
the  table.  Tilting  of  the  table  is  pre- 
vented by  fastening  four  small  rollers  to 
the  platform  near  the  edge  of  the  table. 

•Suporlntendont,  American  Fluorspar  Com- 
pan.v,  Mexico,  Ky. 


306 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


Cars  carrying  tubs  of  500-lb.  capacity 
are  handled  easily  on  such  a  table  as  is 
here  described. 


Marking    Launders    for    Mill 
Solutions 


In  concentrating  mills  it  is  always  ad- 
visable to  have  launders  marked  plainly, 
so  that  the  millmen  and  laborers  can  im- 
mediately tell  what  each  line  carries  with- 
out following  it  to  its  source  to  deter- 
mine this  fact.  In  the  new  mill  of  the 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  company,  at  Kel- 
logg, Ida.,  this  is  accomplished  my  paint- 
ing in  various  colors  the  launders  and 
pipes  carrying  the  different  pulps  and 
solutions,  the  same  color  being  used  on 
all  launders  throughout  the  mill  that 
carry  the  same  material.  Pipes  and  laun- 
ders for  concentrates  are  painted  red 
throughout  the  mill;  those  conveying 
middlings,  yellow;  slimes,  white;  and 
tailings,  gray.  This  is  especially  advis- 
able where  ignorant  or  untrained  laborers 
have  to  be  employed  as  is  usual  about 
most  mills.  It  is  easy  for  almost  any 
person  to  keep  in  mind  the  significance 


the  belt  where  it  passes  over  the 
lower  pulley  and  is  belted  to  another  pul- 
ley which  drives  a  short  vertical  shaft  by 
a  worm  gear.  On  the  vertical  shaft  is 
arranged  a  ball  governor  connected  in 
an  electric-bell  circuit.  When  the  gov- 
ernor balls  are  spread,  the  circuit  is 
open,  but  as  soon  as  they  drop,  the 
circuit  is  completed  and  a  bell  is  rung  in 
the  winch  room.  This  indicates  to  the 
winchman  that  the  stacker  belt  is,  for 
some  reason,  not  in  motion.  He  then 
immediately  stops  the  bucket  line  until 
the  trouble  with  the  stacker  belt  is  recti- 
fied. 

Mirror  Arrangement 
On  the  No.  2  Yuba  boat,  operated  by 
the  same  company,  the  winchman  has 
rigged  up  a  mirror  to  one  side  and  in 
front  of  his  place  at  the  controlling 
levers,  and  in  such  a  position  that  the 
image  of  the  stacker  belt  is  reflected  in 
the  mirror.  He  thus  has  a  view  of  the 
tailings  stacker  bell  while  watching  the 
bucket  chain  and  attending  to  the  levers 
controlling  the  operation  of  his  boat. 
This  is  a  convenient  and  simple  arrange- 
ment, the  only  objection  being  that  it 
does  not  overcome  the  element  of  danger 


Belt 
Tl(€  £ujinceriny  J  Mininir  Journal 


Arrangement  for  Indicating  Stoppage  of  Stacker  Belt 


of  the  colors,  but  it  might  be  impossible 
to  follow  through  the  mill  and  tell  wheth- 
er a  certain  pipe  carried  concentrates  or 
tailings.  In  any  case,  pipes  and  laun- 
ders should  be  painted,  and  its  is 
little  more  expensive  to  use  the  different 
colors  and  this  is  a  decided  advantage,  as 
explained. 


from  personal  negligence.  If  the  winch- 
man does  not  watch  the  mirror,  he  will 
not,  of  course,  know  when  the  stacker 
belt  is  stopped.  The  bell  arrangement, 
on  the  other  hand,  is  sure  to  attract  the 
attention  of  someone   on  the  boat. 


Indicator  for  Dredge  Stacker  Belts 


A  Built-up  Gin  Pole 
By  W.  B.  Rosenberger* 


On  the  Yuba  No.  1  boat  of  the  Yuba 
Consolidated  Goldfields  company,  oper- 
ating near  Hammonton,  Cal.,  an  ingen- 
ious device  is  used  for  attracting  the  at- 
tention of  the  winchman  when  the  stacker 
belt  is  not  running.  It  often  happens 
that  the  stacker  belt  will  slip  on  the  drive 
pulley,  and  before  this  is  noticed,  a  large 
accumulation  of  gravel  will  pile  up  on 
the  lower  end  of  the  belt.  With  the  ar- 
rangement shown  in  the  accompanying 
sketch  a  small  pulley  is  hung  so  as  to  ro- 
tate with  the  belt  of  the  stacker.  This 
small  suspended  pulley  is  in  contact  with 


The  accompanying  illustration  shows  a 
light,  strong  and  easily  constructed  gin 
pole.  The  pole  is  42  ft.  6  in.  long  and 
has  been  used  by  the  Colby  Iron  Mining 
Company  over  two  years.  Its  principal 
use  is  in  raising  smokestacks,  the  largest 
on  which  this  pole  was  used  being  60  in. 
in  diameter  and  85  ft.  high.  The  pole 
being  a  framed  structure  is  easy  to  climb 
in  case  it  is  necessary  for  a  man  to 
go  to  the  top  to  adjust  pulleys. 

•MinliiK  onglncor.  Cnlhy  Iron  Mining  Com- 
pnn.v.  Bpssomcr.  Jllili, 


JTot  necessary  as  Guy  LiDes 
can  he  Tied  aroaud  Pole  I 

Section  at  A  End  \ 


'--ri 


'2"  ^1" 


T'^„ 


Kulsin  Braoes- 


Bra«efi  in  Center 
irvery  10  or  12 


1  X  0  Comer  Boards 

to  protect  Braclugy 

wUl'u  Slitiing. 


^e  Enipneerinff  f 
MimnQ  Jvumat 


Gin  Pole  Used  by  Colby  Iron  Company 


August  13,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEKRING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


307 


Continuous    Agitation    in    Pachuca 
Tanks 

In  a  discussion  of  M.  H.  Kuryla's  pa- 
per' on  "Continuous  Pachuca  Tank  Agi- 
tation at  the  Esperanza  Mill,"  A.  Grothe 
proposed  an  improvement  in  the  mechan- 
ical connections  between  the  Pachuca 
tanks,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  il- 
lustration. This  connection  avoids  the 
numerous  curves  in  the  pipes  of  the  or- 
iginal Esperanza  installation  and  tends 
to  eliminate  the  clogging  of  the   pipe  by 


cially  for  the  operation  of  stope  drills 
as  distinct  from  large  machines,  is  in- 
dicated. 

The  drill-steel  experiments  are  being 
carried  out  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Mines  Trial's  Committee,  and  personally 
directed  by  Mr.  Allen.  They  are  reported 
to  be  conducted  in  a  most  thorough  and 
exhaustive  manner,  complete  analyses 
and  pyrometer  and  tempering  tests  being 
made  publis.  They  should  be  of  great 
these  experiments  have  not  as  yet  been 
made  public.  They  should  be  of  great 
interest   to  the  mining  profession. 


•liubbur  Gosketl 


Section 


to  be  used  over  and  over  again.  Under 
favorable  conditions,  it  is  estimated  that 
the  tailings  can  be  deposited  in  the  mine 
for  less  than  2d.  per  ton.  In  a  short 
time  the  filling  becomes  solidified  and  is 
capable  of  steadying  the  subsidence  of 
the   hanging-wall. 


Details  of  Construction. 


Connections  Proposeo  for  Continuous  Agitation  in  Pachuca  Tanks 


Ore   Chute  Construction 

Ore  chutes  of  standard  design  are  used 
in  the  mines  of  the  Goldfield  Consoli- 
dated company,  at  Goldfield,  Nev.,  to  de- 
liver ore  from  stopes  to  main  haulage 
tunnels.  Light,  steel,  arc  gates,  with  a 
long  lever  handle,  are  provided  for  the 
chutes.  The  drawing  shown  herewith 
gives  the  dimensions  and  details  of  the 
standard  chutes. 

Details  of  the  Chute 

Posts  of  the  drift  or  tunnel  sets  are 
placed  at  5-ft.  centers,  allow-ing  an  open- 
ing 4  ft.  2  in.  wide  (lOxlO-in.  timbers 
are  used)  or  8-in.  clearance  on  either 
side  of  the  ore  cars.  The  drifts  are  8 
ft.  high  in  the  clear.  The  bottom  of  the 
chute  is  inclined  at  an  angle  of  about  35 
deg.    from    the    horizontal    and    passes 


sediment,  which  would  reduce  the  use- 
ful section  of  pipe.  Mr.  Grothe  claims 
that  with  a  much  smaller  head,  the  dis- 
charge through  a  4-in.  pipe  should  an- 
swer the  purpose,  if  no  obstruction  ex- 
isted. The  pipes  have  an  inclination  of 
60  deg.  and  a  moderate  velocity  of  pulp 
keeps  them  clean.  The  connection  with  a 
flexible  pipe  outside  the  tank  nullifies  the 
effect  of  vibration  and  expansion. 


Practical  Drill  Tests  in  Rand 
Mines 


At  the  Robinson  Deep  mine,  on  the 
Rand,  a  series  of  tests  of  small  drills  in 
stopes  and  of  drill  steel,  entirely  distinct 
from  the  recently  completed  Transvaal 
Government  Chamber  of  Mines  tests,  are 
in  progress.  About  20  per  cent,  of  the 
ore  mined  in  the  Robinson  Deep,  ac- 
cording to  the  South  African  Min. 
hum.,  June  25,  is  broken  by  small 
drills. 

The  results  obtained  may  be  summar- 
ised as  follows:  (1)  A  lOO-lb.  ma- 
:hlne,  unless  constructed  of  the  highest 
-'lass  material,  cannot  withstand  the 
ough  usage  that  must  come  upon  it.  The 

indard  of  weight  that  seems  to  be  ideal 
-  150  lb.,  but  it  is  possible  that  as  en- 
gineering practice  improves  and  mate- 
pals  become  cheaper  this  may  be  re- 
'luced.  (2)  The  small  machines  can 
•reak  out  a  narrower  stope  than  can 
I'ative  hammer-boys.     (3)     The  probable 

>:essity   of  educating    white   men,   spe- 

lilfnimri,    »/    .l/rmoiin/i    ,M    Instltiilo    Moxl- 
•<>  r1i>  Minns  y  Mctaliiicln.   .\prll.   III10. 


Side 


Front 

TAe  Engineering  i  Mining  J8Krna\ 

Standard  Ore  Chute  in  Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines 


"Sand  Filling"  Stopes  in  the 
Transvaal 

The  "sand  filling"  process  of  charging 
the  worked-out  stopes  is  being  put  into 
operation  at  several  mines  on  the  Rand, 
where  are  prospects  that  in  the  imme- 
diate future  it  will  be  extensively 
adopted. 

The  mill  tailings  supply  exactly  the 
class  of  material  required.  They  are 
handy  and  enable  the  filling  to  be 
done  in  a  cheap  and  efficient  manner.  An 
ordinary  pack  of  large  material,  waste 
rock,  is  built  next  to  the  level,  backed  by 
smaller  material  against  which  the  water- 
carried  tailings  are  deposited  until  they 
completely  fill  the  stope.  The  wafer 
drains  off  and  is  pumped  to  the  surface 


through  the  next  set  to  one  side  of  the 
drift.  It  is  supported  by  a  piece  of  8x8- 
in.  timber  set  with  its  upper  face  parallel 
to  the  inclination  of  the  chute  bottom 
and  let  at  its  ends  into  the  posts  at  either 
side  of  the  chute.  The  lip  of  the  chute 
extends  5'f.  in.  over  the  edge  of  the  tram 
car. 

A  double  lining  of  2-in.  plank  is  used  on 
the  bottom  of  the  chute.  The  sides  are 
made  of  one  thickness  of  plank.  The 
chute  is  carried  the  full  width  of  the  set 
from  the  stope  to  the  lip.  which  is  tap- 
ered down  to  a  width  of  2  ft.  10  in.  The 
body  of  the  cars  used  is  3  ft.  5  in.  long. 
So  as  to  allow  the  gates  to  be  readily 
closed  against  the  stream  of  ore.  the  gate 
should  be  set  at  such  an  angle  that  as 
soon  as  the  stream  of  ore  is  intercepted 
its  force  tends  to  close  the  gate. 


308 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


Notes  from  California  Oilfields 


Los  Angeles  Correspondence 


The  Oil  Consumers'  Association,  of 
Los  Angeles,  has  been  made  a  permanent 
organization.  Nearly  all  the  large  con- 
sumers of  crude  oil  in  southern  Cali- 
fornia have  pledged  their  support  to  the 
new  association,  the  chief  object  of  which 
will  be  to  eliminate  the  middleman  in  the 
purchase  of  oil  for  fuel  and  other  pur- 
poses. A  great  deal  of  preliminary  work 
has  been  done  and  while  plans  have  not 
yet  been  satisfactorily  worked  out,  it  is 
believed  that  members  will  eventually  be 
enabled  to  purchase  oil  at  a  more  reason- 
;.ble  figure,  at  the  same  time  paying  the 
producer  a  better  price.  It  is  figured  that 
the  interests  represented  by  this  associa- 
tion consume  a  total  of  5.000,000  bbl.  of 
oil  yearly. 

The  recent  cut  by  the  Standard  Oil 
Company  from  SI  to  90c.  per  bbl.  for 
oil  at  San  Francisco  has  not  as  yet  pre- 
cipitated a  disastrous  war  on  the  part 
of  the  marketers  of  oil.  It  is  stated  that 
no  large  contracts  have  been  entered  into 
at  the  lower  price.  Reports  from  San 
Francisco  indicate  that  market  conditions 
are  slightly  better.  While  some  consum- 
ers are  holding  off  in  the  hope  of  getting 
better  prices,  there  are  indications  that 
they  will  not  profit  by  this  attitude.  One 
fact  stands  out  significantly  just  now;  the 
renewal  of  activity  in  some  of  the  Cali- 
fornia oilfields  is  decidedly  out  of  line 
with  the  announcement  several  weeks  ago 
that  many  of  the  large  producers  would 
curtail  their  output  on  account  of  the 
tremendous  production  of  the  Lakeview 
gusher. 

Another  Gusher  in  the  Midway  Field 

A  new  gusher  has  been  brought  in  by 
the  American  Oilfields  in  the  Midway 
field.  This  well  is  almost  due  west  of  the 
original  Lakeview  gusher.  Until  the  men 
were  successful  in  placing  a  gate  on  the 
new  gusher,  oil  was  spouted  high  above 
the  crown  block  at  a  rate  of  about  25,000 
bbl.  per  day.  When  the  gate  was  at- 
tached and  closed  the  well  did  not  sand 
up,  but  resumed  flowing  whenever  the 
valve  was  opened.  The  Lakeview  gusher 
is  said  to  be  slowly  diminishing  in  vol- 
ume; the  flow  on  one  day  last  week  va- 
ried between  22,000  to  28,000  bbl.,  a  de- 
cided shrinkage  from  the  original  flow 
of  over  70,000  bbl.  per  day. 

The  new  Sunset-Coalinga  rifled  pipe 
line  of  the  Associated  Oil  Company  is 
now  in  operation  between  McKittrick  and 
Cameras,  a  distance  of  about  17  miles. 
Work  is  being  pushed  on  the  other  sta- 
tions to  the  north  and  pumps  will  be  put 
in  operation  as  soon  as  possible.  The 
oil  being  handled  is  from  the  upper  Mid- 
way field,  principally  from  the  property 
of  the  Pioneer  Midway  Company,  now 
owned   by  the   Associated. 


The  Traffic  Oil  Company,  operating  in 
the  north  Midway  belt,  has  gone  into  oil 
at  a  depth  of  1791  ft.  Heaving  sand  pre- 
vented the  under-reaming  of  the  shell  and 
the  sinking  of  the  present  casing  deeper; 
a  6;4-in.  string  will  be  put  in  to  finish  the 
well.  The  Corrigan  Oil  Company  has 
suspended  operations  in  the  extreme  north 
Midway  field.  The  company  drilled  1200 
ft.  without  results,  and  although  nearby 
wells  are  in  promising  sand  streaks,  it 
was  decided   to  suspend. 

After  being  shut  down  for  about  30 
days,  the  Kingpin  Oil  Company,  operat- 
ing in  the  Elk  Hills,  has  resumed  work 
and  is  now  down  to  a  depth  of  200  ft. 
The  Midway  Basin  Oil  Company,  in  the 
same  district,  has  a  hole  down  1600  ft. 
Present  work  consists  of  fishing  for  a 
lost  string. 

CoALiNGA  Field 
."Xmerican  Petroleum  has  14  wells  drill- 
ing in  the  Coalinga  district.  Three  wells 
were  finished  in  July  and  five  others  are 
rapidly  nearing  completion.  The  United 
Development  has  completed  the  erection 
of  all  its  buildings  and  has  started  drill- 
ing. On  the  Lucile  property  well  No.  4 
is  down  over  2500  ft.  in  6]4-in-  casing, 
and  is  expected  to  go  into  the  sand  at  any 
moment.  The  British  Consolidated  Oil 
Corporation.  Ltd.,  has  acquired  the  prop- 
erty of  tha  Wabash  Oil  Company  and  will 
immediately  erect  a  rig  for  well  No.  18. 
There  are  17  wells  pumping,  flowing  and 
under  drilling  operations  on  this  property- 

The  Mohawk  company  has  2032  ft.  of 
12'j-in.  casing  in  its  No.  3  well.  This 
is  the  longest  string  of  casing  of  this 
size  in  the  district.  The  Confidence  Oil 
Company  is  erecting  a  rig  for  well  No. 
15  and  will  be  drilling  in  a  few  days. 
There  are  at  present  10  producing  wells 
on  this  property.  The  Creme  Petroleum 
company  is  down  1830  ft.  in  an  open 
hole,  drilling  with  a  rotary.  It  was  the 
intention  of  the  company  to  put  on  a 
standnrd  drill  at  1800  ft.  but  the  rotary 
will  be  continued  as  long  as  conditions 
remain    as    favorable    as    they    are    now. 

In  the  Kettleman  hills  the  Medallion 
company  has  completed  all  its  buildings 
and  has  material  on  the  ground  for  the 
construction  of  its  first  drilling  outfit. 
Rig  builders  have  started  work.  The 
Coalinga  Kettleman  Oil  Company  has 
one  hole  down  1000  feet. 


mines  of  British  Columbia   for   1908  the 
average  was  5.93  and  in  Ontario  for  1907 
in  copper  and  nickel  mines  it  was  2.19,       ) 
and  in  silver  and  iron  mines,  7.35. 

In  Ontario  for  the  year  1908,  13  fatal 
underground  accidents  occurred  in  the 
silver-producing  mines  of  Cobalt  in  which 
1089  men  were  employed,  making  the 
ratio  11.94  per  1000.  There  were  also 
14  fatalities  underground  in  nonproduc- 
ing  mines  in  which  the  total  number  of 
employees  were  not  resorded. 

Fewer  F.\talities  in   England  Due  to 
Better  Regulations 

In  England,  the  average  per  thousand 
men  employed  during  1903  to  1907  was: 
Coal  mines,  1.29;  metal  mines,  1.08. 
Commenting  on  these  figures.  Dr.  R.  W. 
Brock,  director  of  the  Geological  Survey 
of  Canada,  says  that  the  greater  number 
of  fatalities  in  Canadian  mines  is  due  to 
the  utter  absence  of  protective  legislation 
in  Canada. 

With  the  view  of  providing  a  remedy 
Doctor  Brock  has  recommended  that  a 
central  station,  similar  to  those  established 
in  England  and  the  United  States,  be 
built  in  Ottawa  for  the  testing  of  ex- 
plosives, and  that  an  act  be  passed  ef- 
fectively regulating  the  manufacture,  sale 
and  use  of  explosives  in  mines  and  other 
operations. 


Accidents   in  Canadian  Mines 
Toronto   Correspondence 


The  Department  of  Mines,  Canada,  has 
issued  an  official  statement  by  J.  G.  S. 
Hudson  showing  the  loss  of  life  in 
Canadian  coal  and  metalliferous  mines 
for  the   10-year  period,   1899-1908. 

During  this  time  the  average  fatalities 
per  thousand  men  in  the  coal  mines 
of  British  Columbia  were  9.21  and  of 
Nova  Scotia,  2.(i7.     In  the   metalliferous 


Utah  Copper  Operations 


Since  publishing  the  preliminary  re- 
view of  the  quarterly  report  of  the  Utah 
Copper  Company  additional  information 
has  come  to  hand.  The  alterations  of 
the  Magna  plant  are  nearly  comple'ed. 
At  present  only  one-third  of  the  plant  is 
operating  in  its  remodeled  form;  the  alter- 
ations in  the  remaining  portion  will  be 
completed  within  a  short  time.  The  re- 
modeling of  the  Arthur  plant,  recently  ac- 
quired from  the  Boston  Consolidated 
Mining   Company,   has   not   been   started. 

The  ere  treated  for  the  second  quarter 
of  1910  contained  about  one  pound  of 
copper  per  ton  in  excess  of  that  of  the 
first  quarter.  During  the  quarter,  strip- 
ping operations  were  actively  resumed 
on  the  property  acquired  from  the  Boston 
Consolidated  Mining  Company,  so  that  at 
an  early  date  underground  mining  will 
be  entirely  suspended  in  this  area. 

Contracts  were  awarded  by  the  railway 
company  early  in  the  quarter  for  the 
grading  of  the  line  between  the  town  of 
Garfield  and  the  Bingham  district.  About 
25  per  cent,  of  the  open-grading  worK  '^ 
is  completed.  A  considerable  amount  of 
tunneling  will  be  necessary,  but  this  can 
be  carried  on  throughout  the  winter.  It  is 
expected  that  the  entire  work  of  grading 
and  tunneling  will  be  completed  by  early 
spring.  The  line  will  be  laid  with  90-lb. 
steel,  upon  a  maximum  gradient  of  2"! 
per  cent,  and  with  maximum  curvatures 
of   low  degree. 


August  13.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


309. 


railroad,  properly  located,  designed  and 
constructed  for  the  accommodation  of 
heavy  traffic.  It  should  be  in  operation 
in   the   summer  of    1911. 


Homestake  Aid  Fund 


Black  Hills  Correspondence 


The  Homestake  Aid  Fund,  an  insur- 
ance system  for  the  employees  of  the 
Homestake  Mining  Company,  was  in- 
augurated on  Aug.  1.  1910.  Five  direc- 
tors, elected  by  the  employees  of  the 
various  departments,  have  drawn  up  a 
set  of  rules,  the  principal  provisions  of 
which  are  briefly  summarized.  Every 
employee  will  pay  SI  per  month  to  the 
Aid  Fund.  To  the  amount  so  contributed 
the  Homestake  Mining  Company  pledges 
itself  to  add  at  least  SI 000  per  month; 
the  superintendent  of  the  company  acts 
as  treasurer  and  the  company  furnishes 
free  of  charge  all  necessary  stationery. 
office  room,  and  clerical  help.  The  board 
of  five  directors,  elected  yearly,  will  ad- 
,  minister  affairs  through  an  executive 
committee  consisting  of  the  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Aid  Fund  and  the  chief 
medical  officer  of  the  company. 

Benefit   Provisions 

Disabilities  and  claims  will  be  investi- 
gated by  the  hospital  department,  the 
records  of  which  will  govern.  Benefits 
will  be  as  follows:  Disability  by  accident 
while  actually  working  for  the  Home- 
stake  company.  Si  per  day  for  a  maxi- 
mum period  of  six  months;  disability  by 
sickness,  or  by  accident  occuring  while 
not  engaged  in  actual  labor,  SI  per  day 
after  the  sixth  day.  for  a  maximum  of 
six  months;  total  disability — loss  of  both 
eyes,  hands  or  feet,  or  permanent  para- 
lysis— S800;  loss  of  one  hand,  foot,  or 
eye,  .S400;  insanity,  .S200:  death  due  to 
accident  while  at  woi^k  for  the  Home- 
stake  company,  or  to  sickness,  S800; 
suicide,  S200.  These  death  benefits  are 
payable  if  claimed  within  one  year  to 
■(1)  widow,  (2)  children,  equally,  (3) 
parents,  equally  or  to  survivor,  (4) 
brothers  and  sisters,  equally,  (5)  execu- 
tor or  administrator  of  estate.  No  bene- 
fits will  be  paid  for  death  or  disabilities 
resulting  from  intoxication,  immoralities 
or  fights. 

The  dues  of  a  new  employee  will  be 
charged  to  his  account  the  first  day  he 
works,  and  his  interest  in  the  fund  will 
cease  as  soon  as  he  is  discharged  or 
leaves  the  service.  No  distinction  is 
made  as  to  the  nature  of  employment,  or 
amount  of  salary  or  wages. 

About  S18  per  .Man   Annually  Avail- 
able for  Indemnities 

Assuming  the  total  number  of  em- 
ployees at  2500.  the  payment  by  the  com- 
pany   of   the    minimum     of    SIOOO    per 


month  will  make  a  40  per  cent,  addition 
to  the  employees'  contribution,  or  an  av- 
erage available  indemnity  of  SKi.SO  per 
man  per  year;  should  the  company  pay 
as  much  as  S1250  per  month,  or  50  per 
cent,  of  the  employees'  total,  there  will 
be  available  S18  per  man  per  year.  The 
experience  of  several  years  gives  the 
total  number  of  deaths  from  accident  as 
less  than  5  per  year,  or  2  per  1000;  such 
figures  as  are  available  are  said  to  in- 
dicate a  total  death  rate  frotn  all  causes 
among  the  mine  employees  of  approxi- 
mately 8  per  1000  per  annum,  which 
seems  remarkably  low. 

Benefits  Compare  Favorably  with 
Other  Companies 

While  the  amount  paid  by  the  Aid  Fund 
for  accidental  death  when  at  actual  work 
is  slightly  less  in  proportion  to  the  dues 
than  that  paid  by  some  similar  institu- 
tions, it  is  proportionately  higher  than  is 
paid  by  some  others,  while  the  extension 
of  an  equal  benefit  in  the  case  of  death 
from  practically  all  other  causes,  and  of 
accident  benefits  to  the  first  day  of  dis- 
ability, makes  these  provisions  extremely 
generous.  The  lowest  rate  charged  by 
old-line  insurance  companies  for  term 
insurance  on  life  only  is  about  S14  per 
year  per  SIOOO,  at  age  35,  which  is  prob- 
ably not  far  from  the  average  age  of 
mine  employees,  while  at  the  Homestake 
there  are  many  much  older,  as  a  targe 
number  belong  to  the  Veteran's  Associa- 
tion, having  worked  20  years  or  more 
for  this  company.  At  the  above  rate  a 
life  policy  alone  for  S800  would  cost 
SI  1.20.  while  for  an  annual  payment  of 
S12  the  Aid  Fund  gives  this  with  an  ac- 
cident and  sickness  insurance  in  addition. 

It  will  be  noted  that  no  provision  is 
mentioned  for  medical  attendance.  This 
was  already  provided  for  by  the  hospital 
department,  which  has  been  in  existence 
for  many  years,  and  for  the  last  three 
years  has  been  managed  by  the  Home- 
stake  company  for  the  employees.  Each 
man  pays  SI  per  month  to  the  hospital 
fund,  and  is  furnished  medical  attend- 
ance, hospital  accommodation,  and  med- 
icines for  himself  or  any  member  of  his 
family.  This  makes  the  total  monthly 
payment  for  insurance  purposes.  S2  per 
man,  the  monthly  payroll  probably  av- 
eraging a  little  over  S90  per  man. 


Closing  the  Balaklala  Smeltery 

San    Francisco    Correspondence 

The  Shasta  County  Farmer's  Protective 
Association  has  refused  to  let  the  Balak- 
lala smeltery  at  Coram  continue  opera- 
lions  pending  the  installation  of  the 
Cottrcll  process  for  condensing  fumes. 
The  company  had  hoped  that  this  installa- 
tion would  be  completed  by  July  1.  The 
company  has  been  operating  only  one 
furnace  lately  but  the  Farmer's  associa- 


tion has  insisted  on  this  being  closed 
down.  It  is  contended  that  the  farmers 
took  this  action  in  order  to  be  fair  to 
the  Mammoth  Copper  Mining  Company, 
which  is  running  only  t  vo  furnaces  be- 
cause its  bag  house  can  only  handle  the 
smoke  from  that  number.  In  order  to 
keep  within  the  court  decree  the  other 
two  furnaces  remain  idle.  The  Balaklala 
managers  wanted  to  keep  one  furnace 
running  until  the  completion  of  the  in- 
stallation of  the  Cottrell  condensing 
plant.  This  plant  will  not  be  ready  for 
use  much  before  October  and  the  farmers 
are  not  willing  to  wait  that  long.  The 
Balaklala  company  does  not  like  to  lose 
its  skilled  employees  for  it  is  difficult 
to  get  them  together  again.  General 
Manager  White  intends  posting  notices 
asking  all  the  staff  to  remain  until 
October  if  possible.  Ateantime  the  entire 
smelting  plant  must  remain  closed  down. 


Railroad    Lands    and  Mining 
Claims  in  California 

The  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany has  recently  filed  railroad  selec- 
tions covering  about  30.000  acres  in  the 
indemnity  limits  of  Shasta,  Trinity  and 
Siskiyou  counties,  Cal.,  on  the  west  side 
of  its  tracks.  The  list  of  lands  selected 
will  be  advertised  and  mineral  claimants 
must  then  file  protests  in  the  Land  Office 
or  their  claims  will  be  embraced  in  the 
indemnity  land  and  be  taken  by  the  rail- 
road unless  the  claims  have  been  patented. 

This  is  one  of  the  ways  by  which  the 
railroad  companies  obtain  mineral  land  in 
a  perfectly  legal  way.  but  to  which  they 
are  not  entitled.  The  advertisements  are 
printed  in  solid  columns  of  apparently 
confusing  figures  in  small  county  papers. 
The  ordinary  miner  would  not  recognize 
that  his  claim  was  being  covered,  since 
in  most  cases  the  prospectors  or  miners 
pay  little  attention  to  exact  boundaries 
when  their  claims  have  not  been  sur- 
veyed, holding  them  by  mere  possessory 
title  only. 

In  the  majority  of  cases  no  surveys 
have  been  made,  as  must  be  the  case 
where  patent  is  applied  for.  The  first 
thing  the  miner  knows  his  claim  has 
become  the  property  of  the  railroad  com- 
pany. This  is  bound  to  occur  unless 
he  files  his  protest  in  a  legal  manner 
before  the  Land  Office.  Great  hardship 
will  doubtless  be  worked  in  many  in- 
stances but  the  miner  really  has  no  one 
to  blame  but  himself.  The  opportunity 
is  given  him  to  file  a  protest  against  his 
mineral  land  being  taken  as  indemnity 
land  and  the  railroad  company  cannot 
take  it  if  he  does  file  his  protest.  But 
if  he  fails  to  pay  any  attention  to  the 
matter  the  legal  proceedings  will  take 
their  usual  and  regular  course  and  the 
railroad  will  get  the  mining  claims  with 
the  rest  of  the  land  they  select. 


310 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


Progress    of    the    Miami    Construction 


By  J.  PARKE  CHANNING* 


The    accompanying    photographs    fomi  middle  in  the  distance  may  be   seen  the  shown  more  clearly  in  Fig.  3.    To  the  left 

a  portion  of  the  regular  monthly  progress  headframe  of  No.  4  shaft,  and  the  upper  is   the    house   which    will    cover  the   two 

report   of   the    Miami    Copper    Company,  part  of  the  concentrator  with  two  of  the  hoisting   engines,   one    of   which   is   seen 

and  show  the  condition  of  affairs  at  Mi-  mill   bins   completed    and    the   third    half  in    front   of  the  building  previous  to   its 

ami,  Ariz.,  on  July  22,  1910.  way  up.     To  the  left,  in  the  upper  por-  erection.     The  dark  mass  in  the  center  of 


Fig.  1.    General  View  of  Miami,  Ariz.,  Looking  West 


•j^-cj 


,^-" 


% 


•*B8b  .  t.,    •b> 


:3*te^'.A..-'!SL 


Fig.  2.  View  oi-  Miami  Coim-kk  Company's  Mill.  Looking  South 


Fig.    1    is   a   general   view   of  the   dis-  tion  of  the  picture,  can  be  seen  the  main  the  picture  represents  the  large  bin  into 

trict   looking  west.      In   the    foreground,  bunk   house,   the  Y.   M.   C.   A.   building,  which  the  V'.i-ton  skips  will  dump.    The 

to  the  left,  is  the  townsitc  of  Miami,  and  and  headed  straight  toward  the  observer,  steel  skeleton  to  the  right  of  this  covers 

to  the  right  is  the  power  plant.     In  the  the  main  street  of  Tinkerville,  the  name  the  crusher  building,  where  the  ore  will 

—  of   one    of   the   company's    locations.  be   crushed    before   being   carried    to   the 

Iu-oJ&;'"Now'Vm'r'  '■'''''''■'■ '''"'"''^^        '■         The    headframe     on     No.    4    shaft    is  six    storage    bins   at   the    six    sections   of 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


311 


Fig.  3.    Headframe  at  Miami  No.  4  Shaft,  Looking  North 


Fig.  4.    Eastern   End  of  the   Miami   Concentrating  Mill 


312 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


the  mill.  The  small  tower  at  the  right 
of  the  picture  is  simply  used  for  rais- 
ing concrete    during    construction. 

Fig.  2  is  a  view  of  the  mill  looking 
toward  the  south.  One  will  observe  that 
the  si.\  sections  of  the  mill  are  well  un- 
der way,  and  on  the  left-hand  side  are 
the  foundations  completed  for  three  more 


seen  completed.  A  tunnel  is  being  driven 
from  this  side  of  the  hill  to  cut  into  the 
gulch  shown  directly  in  the  middle  of 
Fig.  1,  and  through  this  tunnel  the  con- 
centrates will  be   delivered. 

An  end  view  of  the  mill  looking  toward 
the  west  is  shown  in  Fig.  4.  The  upper- 
floor  is  the  crushing  floor,  the  second  is 


for  the  classifiers  which  have  been  cov- 
ered over  with  corrugated  plate,  ready  to 
receive  the  concrete  floor.  The  trolley 
beams  appearing  overhead  are  situated  di- 
rectly over  each  of  the  tunnels  which  are 
intended  to  be  used  in  connection  with 
trolleys  to  handle  the  Hardinge  mills, 
which   are    in    the    trenches    at    the    foot 


Fig.  5.   Showing  Interior  Construction  of  Concentrating  Mill,  Miami,  Ariz. 


M    •*■ 


|,li  ■■;  tin 


UWtJ*  _i'^  rjty:wrA<«iait.-^^BLgi>JKr*-^'-*>»  Jff*'**^*'- 


Fig.  6.   Miami  Power  Plant,  Looking  West 


sections.  This  will  make  the  total  capa- 
city of  the  mill  when  finished  3000  tons. 
The  extension  of  the  upper  portion  of  the 
mill  toward  the  crusher  building  houses 
the  various  shops,  and  a  traveling  crane 
runs  from  them  over  the  full  length  of 
the  mill.  In  the  foreground  is  the  ex- 
cavation for  the  water-reclaiming  sys- 
tem;  one  of  the  concrete  tanks  can  be 


the  sand  floor  and  the  third  is  the  slime 
floor.  The  foundations  for  the  exten- 
sion of  the  mill  are  seen  in  the  fort^ 
ground. 

Fig.  5  gives  a  clearer  view  of  the  in- 
terior construction  of  the  mill,  looking 
eastward,  the  point  of  view  being 
directly  throtigh  the  center  of  the 
sand  floor.    This  also  shows  the  galleries 


of  the  stairway  leading  to  the  chilean- 
mill  floor  above.  These  Hardinge  mills 
are  used  for  regrinding  a  certain  portion 
of   the  product. 

It  perhaps  will  be  remembered  that  the 
coarse  crushing  will  be  done  with  rolls, 
and  for  fine  crushing  two  different  types 
of  machines  will  be  used  for  compari- 
son;   one    is    the    standard    Chilean    mill 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


313 


.  and  the  other  is  a  special  fine-grindmg 
roll  in  which  one  of  the  rolls  has  a  slow 
lateral  movement,  this  having  been  de- 
signed by  H.  Kenyon  Burch,  who  is  su- 
perintending the  building  of  the  mill.  It 
is  hoped  that  these  fine-grinding  rolls 
will  give  better  general  results  than  thi 
Chilean  mill,  experiments  in  the  testing 
mill  having  so  indicated.  It  remains  lo 
be  determined  what  the  mechanical  ef- 
ficiency of  the  rolls  will  be  and  what 
their  upkeep  will  be  as  compared  witn 
the  standard  Chilean  mills. 

A  nearer  view  of  the  power  plant  is 
given  in  Fig.  6.  It  shows  in  the  fore- 
ground the  boiler  house  in  which  are  set 
up  three  large  water-tube  boilers.  Next 
behind  can  be  seen  the  concrete  stack, 
and  in  the  back  is  the  power  plant  proper, 
which  contains  the  four-cylinder  triple- 
expansion  electric-generator  sets  and  thj 
four-cylinder  triple-expansion  two-stage 
air  compressors.  The  power  plant  is 
placed  in  the  valley  so  as  to  be  con- 
venient to  the  railroad  and  the  fuel-oil 
supply.  Electricity  will  be  conveyed  up 
the  hill  to  run  the  mill  and  crusher  plant, 
and  in  the  same  direction  will  run  the 
air  line  which  will  be  used  for  operat- 
ing the  drills  underground  and  also  the 
two  hoisting  engines,  the  air  for  this 
latter  purpose  being  preheated  before 
being  introduced  into  the  cylinders.  It  is 
hoped  when  running  that  an  interesting 
comparison  may  be  made  between  the 
air-operated  hoists  at  Miami  and  those 
of  some  other  hoists  in  Arizona  of  the 
same  size  which  are  to  be  run  by  elec- 
tricity, probably  using  one  of  the  flywheel 
systems. 


Mining    Activities    in    Sierra 
County,   N.    M. 


By  Brigham   Leatherbee* 


Library  Card  Index 

The  Library  of  Congress  is  getting  out 
a  series  of  index  cards  designed  to  meet 
the  popular  demand  for  indexing  special 
subjects  for  both  private  and  public  li- 
braries. 

The  cards  arc  of  standard  size,  about 
3x5  in.  The  cards  are  printed  with  the 
author's  name,  and  the  full  subject  of  the 
article  referred  to.  They  are  also  printed 
under  the  subject  name.  The  price  of 
the  cards  varies  according  to  the  amount 
of  work  required  in  selecting.  If  cards 
are  ordered  by  number  the  price  of  the 
first  card  is  2c.  and  additional  cards 
on  the  same  subject  '<c.  Cards  of  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey  publications  are 
Ic.  each   for  the  first  copy. 

C.  H.  Hastings,  chief  of  the  card  sec- 
tion.    Library   of   Congress.    Washington, 

'  has  issued  a  pamphlet  entitled  "L.  C. 
Printed  Cards,  How  to  Order  and  Use 
Them,"  which  gives  all  the  details  as  to 
distribution  and  subjects  covered.  The 
system  should  be  a  great  convenience  to 

I  men  in  the  field  when  information  is 
wanted  on  subjects  somewhat  foreign  to 
one's  regular  work  and  for  which  no 
reference  literature  has  been  filed. 


There  is  much  mining  activity  in  the 
northern  portion  of  Sierra  county  and 
well  into  Socorro  county.  At  Hermosa 
the  Ocean  Wave  Mining  Company  is 
working  its  property  to  advantage.  A 
steam  plant  has  been  installed  to  operate 
a  120-h.p.  Hendrie  &  Bolthoff  hoist  and 
a  Sullivan  compound  air  compressor. 
There  is  a  20-stamp  mill  on  the  prop- 
erty with  four  Wilfley  concentrating 
tables  and  two  Wilfley  No.  3  slimers.  The 
mill  has  a  daily  capacity  of  50  tons  and 
is  furnished  v.-ith  water  from  Las  Palomas 
creek  by  two  Knowles  steam  pumps.  In 
addition  the  company  has  recently  pur- 
chased a  three-stamp  Merrill  mill  which 
is  now  on  the  ground.  There  is  also  a 
well  equipped  sawmill,  running  two  cir- 
cular saws  from  a  40-h.p.  engine. 

The  main  shaft  on  the  property  is 
down  220  ft.  with  levels  at  100,  130  and 
200  ft.  From  the  200  level  a  drift  is  be- 
ing run  under  the  old  Ocean  Wave  tun- 
nel, across  the  gulch;  connection  will 
be  made  by  a  150- ft.  raise,  thus  afford- 
ing a  free  circulation  of  air.  Two  2'4- 
in.  Sullivan  piston  drills  and  three  Sulli-, 
van  stopers  are  being  used  on  this  work. 
The  ore  occurs  in  large  kidney  deposits, 
in  chambers  from  10  to  15  ft.  in  diam- 
eter. It  runs  high  in  lead  and  silver,  the 
gangue  being  talc  and  quartz. 

About  two  miles  east  of  this  prop- 
erty, in  what  is  known  as  the  Lower  camp, 
the  El-Cliff  Mining  Company  has  erected 
a  Partridge  hot-blast  furnace.  Wood  will 
be  used  as  fuel.  Already  about  1200  ft. 
of  tunnel  work  is  completed  on  the  El- 
Cliff  properties.  A  new  shaft  is  now 
down  about  85  ft.  The  Las  Palomas 
Chief  properties,  just  east  of  the  El-CIiff, 
are  being  developed  by  the  driving  of  a 
1900-ft.  tunnel,  at  an  elevation  of  about 
20  ft.  above  the  creek  bed,  to  connect 
with  the  old  shaft  on  the  hill. 

Chloride  District 

Twenty  miles  north  of  Hermosa,  at 
Chloride,  the  United  States  Treasury 
company  is  actively  engaged  in  working 
its  gold  claims  on  which  a  fissure  vein 
has  been  proved  for  about  3000  ft.  The 
present  development  has  shown  the 
lode  in  places  to  be  over  28  ft.  in  width. 
A  two-compartment  shaft  is  being  sunk 
on  the  vein  on  a  65-deg.  incline  and  is 
now  down  210  ft.  A  level  has  been  run 
at  108  ft.  which  connects  212  ft.  north 
with  the  old  Eagle  No.  1  shaft.  A  level 
has  also  been  run  at  200  ft.,  with  a  drift 
south  140  ft.,  and  one  north  125  ft.  The 
main  shaft  is  served  by  a  40-h.p.  Fair- 
banks-Morse steam  hoist,  and  a  five-drill 

•IIMIslinio,    \.    M. 


Norwalk  air  compressor  supplies  power 
for  three  2'4-in.  Sullivan  piston  drills 
and  a  Sullivan  stoper.  Assays  show  that 
the  average  ore  runs  from  S8  to  $12  per 
ton  in  gold  and  carries  some  silver;  some 
sulphide  ores  carry  7  per  cent,  copper. 
A  few  treatment  tests  have  been  made 
which  show  that  60  per  cent,  of  the 
valuable  contents  can  be  extracted  by 
straight  amalgamation,  while  cyanide 
tests  on  the  tailings  from  the  amalgam 
pulp  show  65  per  cent,  extraction.  The 
company  controls  a  large  timber  tract 
about  eight  miles  north  of  its  mine  and 
operates  an  Erie  mill  of  1200  ft.  daily 
capacity. 

At  Phillipsburg,  15  miles  north  of 
Chloride,  the  Black  Range  Reduction 
Works  has  secured  control  of  and  is  de- 
veloping the  old  Phillipsburg  properties, 
covering  eight  claims  along  Poverty  creek. 
A  two-compartment  shaft  is  now  down 
125  ft.  The  ore  averages  S15  per  ton 
in  gold  and  silver.  The  old  cyanide  plant 
is  being  entirely  remodeled.  Four  new 
water  tanks,  each  of  45,000-gal.  capacity, 
are  being  erected  above  the  old  mill  and 
a  new  steam  pump  is  being  installed  to 
supply  them.  In  addition  to  the  20  stamps 
already  installed,  two  new  50-ton  crush- 
ers and  two  grinders  are  being  put  in. 

Fluorine  District 

The    Fluorine    district   embraces    many 
rich    properties.      The    veins    occur    in    a 
large    andesite    upheaval,    which    has    a 
northerly  and  southerly  trend.    The  open- 
ing  of  the    Phillipsburg   mill   should   do 
much     to     develop     this     district.     Since 
February    about    815,000    has    been    ex- 
pended   in    developing    the    Gold    Dollar 
mines.     The  Gold  Reserve  mine  now  has 
a  35-ft.  shaft  sunk  in  the  bed  of  Poverty 
creek.     A   30-h.p.   steam    hoist   has   been 
installed  and  ore  is  being  produced.     The 
Golden   Star  group   has   a    185-ft.   shaft 
operated  by  a  whim.  The  Republic  group, 
undoubtedly   the   richest  property   of  the 
region,   with    a    fissure   vein    running   the 
entire  length  of  four  patented  claims,  has 
just    proved    a    rich    oreshoot    130    ft.    in 
length  and  7  ft.  wide.     This  property  has 
a  100-ft.  shaft  and  a  90-ft.  one,  a  200-ft. 
tunnel    and    other   workings.     The    Polar 
Star,    just   across   the    line    into   Socorro 
county,   shows   a   large   vein    from   which 
some  gold  ore  was  shipped  last  year.  The 
property  is  developed  by  a   lOO-ft.  shaft. 
Ten   miles   north   of   Fairview   is  a   de- 
posit of  high-grade  magnetite,  occurring 
in  three  parallel  veins  of  from  75  to  100 
ft.  in  width,  and  showing  for  some  two 
miles  in   length.     At  present  the  bulk  of 
freighting  for  this  section  is  done  over  the 
roadway    from    Magdelena    as    the    con- 
sumers at  Chloride,  Fairview  and  Phillips- 
burg  find   it   much   more   convenient   and 
cheaper     than     to     freight     from     Engle 
on     the     Jornada     del     Meurto,     which 
necessitates    crossiag    the    torrential    Rio 
Grande. 


314 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  13.  1910. 


Development    of   the  Hegeler 
Roasting    Furnace='= 

By  Otto  Muehlhaeuser 


The  development  of  the  Hegeler 
blende-roasting  furnace  dates  back  to  the 
year  1884  and  many  alterations  and  im- 
provements have  been  made  since  that 
time.  The  original  patent  (U.  S.  Pat. 
No.  303.531.  Dec.  8,  1884)  covers  the 
main  characteristics  of  the  modern  fur- 
nace. 

The  construction  of  the  Hegeler  fur- 
nace is  somewhat  similar  to  Peter 
Spence's  roasting  furnace,  but  it  differs 
in  details  to  meet  the  requirements  of 
blende  roasting.  High  efficiency  and  ex- 
tremely low  cost  of  production  are  note- 
worthy features  of  the  furnace.  It  has 
been  constructed  since  the  beginning  of 
its  development  as  a  double-hearth  fur- 
nace in  order  to  resist  heavy  wear  and 
to  secure  heat  economy.  The  muffles 
are  arranged  on  both  sides  of  a  middle 
wall  and  are  open  on  the  two  ends  of  the 
furnace,  the  sides,  which  are  longer,  are 
provided  with  openings  for  the  stirrer 
carriage.     The  hearths  are  arched. 

The  original  furnace  was  also  equipped 
with  a  mechanism  for  controlling  the 
movement  of  the  rabbles;  this  apparatus 
has  been  only  slightly  changed  during 
the  development  of  the  furnace.  How- 
ever, the  driving  gears  were  originally 
provided  only  on  one  end  of  the  furnace 
wnich  indicates  that  the  inventor  in- 
tended to  rake  the  ore  in  one  direction. 
The  two  stirrer  cars  had  to  be  replaced 
after  every  raking  in  order  to  place  the 
rabbles  in  the  direction  of  the  intended 
movement.  The  original  furnace  shows, 
therefore,  much  similarity  with  Spence's 
pyrite  furnace,  but  Hegeler  has  improved 
the  construction  of  the  furnace  in  a  novel 
and  simple  way. 

Novel  Means  of  Supplying  the  Heat 

The  means  of  supplying  the  heat  re- 
quired for  the  roasting  of  the  ore  is  also 
of  an  unique  character  and  is  effected  by 
introducing  air  into  the  muffles  through 
two  channels  which  are  situated  below 
the  hearths.  The  air  enters  at  the  end 
of  the  furnaces  through  two  high  wind 
channels,  which  are  connected  with  the 
fourteen  muffles  by  an  equal  number  of 
openings.  The  gases  are  discharged  at 
the  opposite  end  of  the  furnace  in  a 
similar  way  by  means  of  a  high  stack. 

In  a  later  phase  of  development  a 
change  in  the  rabbling  system  has  been 
made  by  providing  a  stirring  apparatus 
at  both  ends  of  the  furnace  in  order  to 
enable  raking  in  opposite  directions.  The 
manner  of  supplying  the  heat,  which  or- 
iginally consisted  of  allowing  hot  air  to 
enter  the  mufflles.  was  later  accomplished 
by    heating    chambers    situated    between 


the  three  lowest  muffles,  somewhat  sim- 
ilar to  the  system  employed  in  Eichhorn 
and  Liebig's  furnace.  The  cold  air  is 
preheated  by  the  combustion  gases  of  the 
firebox,  then  heated  strongly  under  the 
hearth  of  the  first  combustion  chamber 
and  is  finally  allowed  to  enter  the  first 
and  second  roasting  muffles  where  it  is 
heated  still  higher,  and  finally  passing  to 
all  other  muffles  in  turn.  By  this  system 
of  heat  supply  and  by  means  of  the 
new  raking  appliances  at  both  ends  of 
the  furnace,  the  principal  features  of  the 
uptodate  furnace  were  established,  al- 
though lately  some  minor  improvements 
have  been  made  in  order  to  simplify  the 
operation  of  the  furnace. 

Size  and  Efficiency  of  Furnace 
Increased 

After  having  worked  out  all  the  de- 
tails of  construction,  Hegeler  concen- 
trated his  energies  to  increasing  the 
roasting  efficiency  by  enlarging  the  di- 
mensions of  the  furnace.  The  original 
furnace  had  a  capacity  of  10  tons  of  ore 
while  at  present  furnaces  of  40  tons  ca- 
pacity are  constructed. 

Many  alterations  have  been  found  ne- 
cessary at  the  different  plants  employ- 
ing the  Hegeler  furnace,  on  account  of 
local  conditions.  In  some  smelteries  the 
number  of  roasting  muffles  and  the  num- 
ber and  situation  of  the  heating  chambers 
had  to  be  changed,  owing  to  the  char- 
acter of  the  fuel  employed.  The  heat- 
ing of  the  air  for  oxidation  and  the  meth- 
od of  directing  the  air  currents  in  the 
muffles  had  to  be  varied.  In  some  plants 
the  combustion  gases  are  utilized  for 
steam  and  power  generation.  However, 
all  these  alternations  did  not  detract  from 
the  general  characteristics  of  the  inven- 
tion. The  furnace,  as  developed  by 
Hegeler.  can  be  considered  to  have  been 
nearly  perfect. 

Improvements    in    the    Acid   Chambers 

The  qualitative  and  quantitative  im- 
provements of  the  roasting  plant  have 
retroacted  in  an  equal  measure  on  the 
development  of  sulphuric-acid  apparatus. 
The  Glover  and  Gay-Lussac  towers,  the 
flue  chambers,  acid  pulsometers.  etc., 
were  improved  in  construction  and  the 
dimensions  were  increased  in  accordance 
with  the  enlargement  of  the  roasting 
plant. 

In  order  to  control  the  direction  of  the 
air  currents  required  for  oxidation,  and 
also  to  overcome  the  resistance  of  the 
gas  current  due  to  the  tower  fillings, 
the  introduction  of  a  ventilator'  was 
found  necessary.  This  ventilator  has  ex- 
erted a  great  influence  on  the  roasting 
efficiency  and  on  the  increase  of  produc- 
tion and  capacity  of  the  roasting  furnace 
and   chambers. 

It   is   obvious   that   Hegeler's   invention 


and  achievements  are  not  only  of  high- 
est value  to  the  zinc  industry,  but  also 
to  the  sulphuric-acid  industry  as  well. 
His  accomplishments  have  opened  many 
new  and  promising  channels  for  improve- 
ment and  development.  The  Matthiessen 
&  Hegeler  Zinc  Company.  La  Salle,  111., 
is  in  technical  construction  and  develop- 
ment, the  work  of  Hegeler;  and  the  rapid 
growth  of  this  plant  to  its  present  size 
is  proof  of  his  restless  energy.  It  shows 
in  all  details  the  master  hand  of  the  in- 
genious expert  who  has  endeavored  to 
accomplish  the  most  difficult  problems  by 
simple   and   effective  means. 


•Translntlon 
ge\r.  Chrm..  Vi 


(if   nn    inilrli'    In    y.i-lt. 
il.   Will.    imRf   :it7. 


f.    .\><- 


<Xrlt.     f. 

V(ii.  in.  p. 


-1  iKinr. 

r.72. 


Chen 


n.    Mniiii\:iiis.T. 


South  African  Notes 

Special  Correspondence 

Much  has  been  heard  lately  about  the 
promising  manner  in  which  the  Rhodes- 
ian  gold  mines  are  opening  up.  In  March 
there  were  188  producing  mines  with  an 
output  of  54,377'  oz.  of  gold  for  the 
month.  The  most  striking  feature  is  the 
large  number  of  producers  for  such  a 
small  output,  the  producers  being  nearly 
double  those  o.f  the  Transvaal  for  less 
than  one-tenth  of  the  output.  The  out- 
put of  silver  was  18,267  oz.;  lead.  56 
tons,  value  £648;  and  chrome  ore,  1714 
tons,  with  a  value  of  £3825. 

Orange  River  Colony 

In  the  Orange  River  Colony  the  prin- 
cipal output  is  that  of  diamonds,  for 
which  the  demand  and  prices  seem  to  be 
improving.  In  March  the  output  was 
81,721  carats,  as  compared  with  65,759 
carats  in  February;  the  value  of  the  out- 
put increased  from  £138.222  to  £176,507. 
Coal  is  the  only  other  mineral  worked  to 
any  extent.  The  output  in  March  was 
44.026  tons,  valued  at  £11,183,  as  com- 
pared with  39,974  tons  in  February,  val- 
ued at  £10,461.  Several  companies  are 
busily  searching  the  northern  portion  of 
the  Orange  River  Colony  for  a  payable 
extension  of  the  Transvaal  Witwaters- 
rand  goldfields.  but  without  any  success. 

The  Consolidated  Goldfields  of  South 
.Africa  is  understood  to  have  a  promis- 
ing tract  of  country  near  Parys.  The 
supervision  of  the  work  of  prospecting 
is  under  the  charge  of  Doctor  Corstro- 
phine.  Boring  operations  have  been  re- 
sumed by  the  New  Rand  Limited,  under 
the  supervision  of  Mr.  Sawyer.  This  is 
the  twelfth  borehole  put  down,  and  the 
last  four  holes  gave  no  encouraging  re- 
sults. The  Witwatersrand  formation  dips 
south  and  is  covered  by  a  thick  deposit 
of  the  Karroo  beds  lying  horizontal.  A 
series  of  upthrow  faults  and  dikes  seem 
to  prevent  the  Rand  reefs  being  found, 
having  evidently  been  removed  by  de- 
nudation before  the  deposition  of  the 
overlying  horizontal  beds  belonging  to 
the   Karroo  fomiation. 


I 


I 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


315 


Scraper  Bucket   Excavator    in 
Placor   Mining 


Tin  Mining  in  the  Black  Hills 


In  sections  of  the  country  where  water 
is  practically  unobtainable,  a  machine 
has  been  devised  to  separate  gold  by  a 
dry  process.  Such  a  machine  now  in  use 
at  Quartzite,  Ariz.,  is  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying illustration,  together  with  a 
scraper  bucket  excavator  made  by  the 
Browning  Manufacturing  Company,  of 
Cleveland  and  Mansfield,  Ohio. 

The  excavator  has  a  75-ft.  radius,  so 
that  it  does  not  require  frequent  moving. 
The  excavator  is  moved  along  on  rollers 
and  the  dry  washer  is  supported  by  the 
same  means,  and  is  pushed  along  to  keep 
it  within  range  of  the  bucket.  The  soil 
at  this  place  extends  about  8  ft.  to  bed 
rock  and  the  machine  will  strip  all  of 
this  before   any   blasting   is  done.     The 


The  tin  deposits  of  the  Black  Hills,  in 
South  Dakota,  are  found  mainly  in  two 
somewhat  separated  districts,  which  are 
commonly  known  as  the  northern  hills 
and  the  southern  hills.  The  deposits  in 
the  northern  hills  arc  found  in  the  vicinity 
of  Spearfish,  extending  over  the  line 
into  Wyoming.  The  most  active  company 
in  this  district  is  the  Tinton  Mining  Com- 
pany, with  mines  at  Tinton,  16  miles  from 
the  railroad.  The  deposits  in  the  northern 
hills  are  characteristically  wide  veins  or 
dykes,  reaching  widths  of  60  ft.  and  over. 
The  Tinton  company  has  developed  a 
large  tonnage.  For  several  years  it  has 
been  experimenting  on  the  problem  of 
concentration,  but  has  not  yet  satisfied  it- 
self as  to  the  construction  of  its  mill.  It 
has  gone  so  far  as  to  demonstrate  that 
with  the  large  orebodies  at  its  command, 


ScKAPEK  Bucket  Excavator  at  Work    at  Quartzite,  .Arizona 


bucket  is  so  arranged  and  handled  that  it 
will  dig  and  scrape  up  the  loose  rock 
from  large  seams  and  cracks  which  saves 
much  on  the  cost  of  operation.  This  ex- 
cavator was  hauled  .S7  miles  and  erected 
in  a  desert  country  for  the  Interstate 
Gold  Dredging  Company  of  Los  Angeles. 
The  bucket  has  a  capacity  of  I'j-cu.yd. 
and  will  handle  approximately  1200  yards 
per  day.  The  machine  is  substantially 
built  and  will  permit  of  continuous  oper- 
ation. 

Excavators  of  this  kind  are  also  being 
used  in  the  Western  States  for  digging 
'  irrigation  ditches  and  also  along  the  New 
York  barge  canal  for  building  the  levees 
behind   which   the   spoil    from   dredges   is 
'to  be  thrown.     The  machines  are  applic- 
able to  stripping  any  kind  of  overburden 
land  can  often  be  used  in  far  more  satis- 
[  factory  manner  than  a  steam  shovel  as 
iihere  are  places  where  its  range  of  action 
-   preferaT5le   to   that   of  the   other  ma- 
'  hine. 


and  with  an  aerial  tramway  by  which  the 
mine  output  can  be  shipped  cheaply,  it 
will  be  possible  to  operate  at  a  profit 
with  ore  yielding  a  net  return  of  '  J  per 
cent,  of  tin,  when  operating  the  mill  at  a 
capacity  of  about  200  tons  of  ore  per 
day. 

The  shipments  from  this  mine  hereto- 
fore have  consisted  of  concentrates  con- 
taining 65  to  70  per  cent,  of  tin.  Some 
of  this  has  been  sold  in  Chicago  and 
some  in  Wales.  The  English  smelters 
pay  the  better  price,  but  this  is  offset 
by  the  heavier  charge  for  transportation. 
The  operations  of  this  company  are  in 
charge  of  Charles  Henropin,  an  American 
mining  engineer,  who  has  had  experience 
in  modern  methods  of  cheap  mining  in 
South  Africa. 

Operations  of  the  Pahasa  Company 

The  principal  operations  in  the  south- 
ern hills  are  those  of  the  Pahasa  Mining 
Company,  successors  to  the  old  Harney 
Peak  company.    The  mines  of  this  com- 


pany are  undergoing  a  thorough  examina- 
tion under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  A.  R. 
Ledoux,  who  was  receiver  of  the  Harney 
Peak  company  during  its  long  litigation, 
which  terminated  last  year.  After  ascer- 
taining the  prospects  in  such  of  the  old 
workings  as  were  accessible,  the  com- 
pany settled  upon  the  Cowboy  claim,  near 
Hill  City,  inasmuch  as  the  records  and 
the  general  knowledge  of  the  camp  had 
indicated  that  here  was  to  be  found  one 
of  the  best  showings  of  tin.  The  former 
workings  consisted  of  two  shafts,  the 
deeper  of  which  was  300  ft.,  connected 
by  levels  at  40,  60,  100  and  200  ft.  So 
far,  the  unwatering  has  proceeded  to  a 
point  just  below  the  200-ft.  level.  As 
fast  as  the  orebody  has  been  exposed,  it 
has  been  sampled  most  thoroughly.  The 
nreshoot  varies  from  60  to  300  ft.  in 
length  along  the  strike,  and,  like  all 
other  veins  in  the  southern  hills,  is 
lenticular.  The  width  of  the  exposures 
varies  from  18  in.  to  4  ft.  The  average 
of  all  the  exposures  shows  I  per  cent, 
of  tin.  Unwatering  is  proceeding,  to- 
gether with  drifting  on  the  strike,  and 
some  crosscutting  for  the  purpose  of  en- 
countering additional  lenses.  It  is  not  irv- 
tended  to  install  a  concentrator  until 
enough  ore  is  actually  blocked  out  tt) 
run  a  small  mill  for  a  reasonable  length 
of  time.  The  Pahasa  claims  also  con- 
tain indications  of  gold,  but  these  are  not 
now  being  developed. 

The  Tin  Ore  .Market 
It  is  interesting  to  know  that  con- 
siderable activity  has  lately  been  shown 
by  smelting  concerns  in  this  country  in 
the  search  for  supplies  of  tin  ore.  The 
buyers  of  tin  ores  in  Chicago  pay,  for 
tin  in  concentrates,  9c.  less  than  the  com- 
mercial value  of  the  tin.  The  Welsh 
buyers  pay  at  the  rate  of  only  5c.  below 
the  market  price  of  the  metal,  but  the 
extra  freight  rates  absorb  most  of  this 
difference.  The  tin  concentrates  from  the 
Black  Hills  are  much  freer  from  arsenic, 
antimony,  sulphur  and  copper  than  are 
the  Cornish  ores.  About  the  only  im- 
purity that  is  likely  to  affect  the  quality 
of  the  Black  Hill  ores  is  a  small  percent- 
age of  iron. 


Consumption    of    Fuel    Oil  in 
Russia 

In  the  consumption  of  oil  as  fuel  Rus- 
sia leads  the  world  {Min.  Joiirn.,  July  9, 
1910)  using  about  6,000,000  tons  annu- 
ally.  The  railways  of  Russia  consumed 
3,000,000  tons  of  fuel  oil  in  1908  and  only 
5,000,000  tons  of  coal.  The  advisability 
of  adopting  oil  fuel  on  Russian  warships 
is  now  being  considered.  The  price  of 
petroleum  at  Baku  has  reached  20s.  6d. 
per  ton,  and  49s.  at  Moscow.  At  present 
the  receipts  from  the  sale  of  kerosene 
amount  to  barely  one-third  of  the  total 
receipts  from  the  petroleum  produced. 


616 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


Constant  Errors  in  Mine  Sampling 


BY  L.  D.  RICKETTS  * 


All  who  mine  so  called  porphyry  ores 
are  familiar  with  the  great  discrepancy 
between  the  copper  found  in  the  miner's 
grab  sample  and  the  actual  average  con- 
tent of  the  ore.  A  part  of  this  discrep- 
ancy is  often  due  to  the  natural  optimism 
of  the  miner,  but  even  where  trained 
samplers  are  employed  at  the  mines,  my 
experience  is  that  the  hand  samples  of 
the  class  of  ores  specified  are  richer  than 
the  ore  really  is.  These  inaccuracies 
have  often  led  the  larger  producing 
mines  to  install  sampling  works  adequate 
to  the  accurate  determination,  of  the  com- 
position of  the  ores  sent  to  mill  or  fur- 
nace. 

Physical  Character  of  the  Lode  Often 
Indicative  of  the  Grade  of  Ore 

While  the  laws  governing  the  grade 
of  porphyry  ores  are  complex,  it  is  a 
common  experience  to  find,  in  chalcocite 
enrichments,  that  the  extent  of  fractur- 
ing and  fissuring  previous  to  enrichment 
is  a  function  of  the  grade  of  the  ore.  It 
is  also  a  fact  that  a  metallic  or  earthy 
sulphide  is  a  more  friable  substance  than 
a  highly  altered  rock.  When  such  ores 
are  broken  they  tend  to  break  along 
joints,  fissures  and  seams  where  chal- 
cocite exists  in  more  or  less  solid 
streaks,  and  those  portions  of  the  mat- 
rix containing  more  disseminated  metal 
tend  to  crumble  and  powder  more  than 
the  leaner  rock.  In  special  cases  I  have 
seen  very  pure  and  massive  bands  of 
copper  glance  in  clay  where  this  rule 
would  not  apply.  Such  occurrence  is, 
however,  rare  and  does  not  obtain  in  the 
class  of  ores  to  which  I  refer.  As  a 
consequence,  it  is  usually,  if  not  always, 
the  case  that  the  fines  in  ore  broken  by 
blasting  are  much  richer  than  the  coarse, 
and  I  have  known  of  cases  where  the 
fines  of  an  ore  below  '.s  in.  uniformly 
assay  about  double  the  grade  of  the  true 
average  of  the  fines  and  coarse  com- 
bined. 

The  same  principles  are  involved  in 
groove  sampling,  or  in  any  other  system 
where  the  ore  is  broken  by  a  blow  or 
shock,  and  a  parallel  line  of  reasoning 
suggests  itself.  If  an  opening  that  has 
been  groove  sampled  is  examined,  it 
will  be  noticed  that  the  groove  is 
seldom  regular  in  size,  an""  by  running 
the  hand  in  the  groove,  the  irregular 
surface  will  be  found  to  be  made  up  of 
hollows  and  humps.  These  irregularities 
are  largely  due  to  variations  in  friability 
and  the  tendency  of  the  rock  to  break 
along  seams. 


•OenPral    manapr*^r.    fJreeno-f'nnanea   Copper 
Company.    Cnnnnon,    Snnora.   Mexico. 


Despite   Precautions  a   Factor  of 

Error  Must  Be  ALLO^x■ED  for 

IN   Sampling 

Groove  sampling  is  essential  in  the 
preliminary  examination  of  developed 
ground,  but  it  is  necessary  to  observe  a 
number  of  precautions.  The  face  to  be 
sampled  should  be  thoroughly  and  vig- 
orously cleaned  to  remove  dirt,  sulphates 
and  loose  slabs.  The  groove  is  cut  at 
an  obtuse  angle  to  any  prevailing  line 
of  fracture.  I  think  that  not  less  than  10 
pounds  of  sample  should  be  taken  to  the 
linear  foot  of  groove,  and  great  care 
should  be  used  to  cut  about  an  equal 
bulk  from  each  linear  foot.  These  pre- 
cautions will  tend  to  reduce,  not  to  ef- 
face entirely,  the  constant  of  error,  and 
the  engineer  must  look  for  a  margin  over 
costs  and  losses  that  will  allow  for  a 
factor  of  safety. 

The  great  advantage  of  drilling  in  cer- 
tain classes  of  deposits  is  recognized, 
and  desirable  rapidity  in  the  develop- 
ment of  prospects  is  thus  obtainable. 
But  if  what  I  have  said  above  be  true, 
the  drillings  will  show  a  similar  factor 
of  error.  We  cannot  expect  a  churn  drill 
or  any  other  drill  to  bore  a  hole  of  uni- 
form diameter  in  a  rock  that  is  not  of 
uniform  texture.  The  hole  will  ravel,  the 
softer  and  brittler  spots  will  tend  to  bore 
with  a  larger  diameter,  which  will  be 
assisted  by  the  swash  of  the  water.  Pos- 
sibly the  settling  of  the  heavier  material 
will  permit  the  larger  opening  to  partly 
fill  with  clay.  The  larger  the  bit  the  less 
the  error,  but  nevertheless  a  constant 
error   will    occur. 

An  investor  of  my  acquaintance  re- 
marked that  he  had  great  confidence  in 
a  certain  mine  because  the  breast  sam- 
ples taken  from  the  pile  averaged  closely 
with  the  breast  samples  taken  from  the 
cars  after  loading.  In  both  instances  it 
was  a  case  of  grab  sampling,  and  the 
fact  that  the  two  series  tallied  closely 
month  by  month  only  indicates  to  me  that 
they  would  show  about  the  same  screen 
analysis,  and,  therefore,  as  both  had  the 
same  constant  of  error  they  checked. 

Check  Samples  May  Often  Have  Same 
Constant  of  Error 

Assume  a  mine  in  process  of  de- 
velopment, but  with  no  mill  or  reduction 
works,  and  that  the  ground  is  drilled 
first,  and  afterward  the  drill  samples  arc 
partly  checked  by  drifting  under  the  ore 
and  raising  through  the  ore  zone  on  some 
of  the  holes.  Round  by  round  the  fore- 
man takes  a  grab  sample  and  when  the 
raise  is  finished  the  usual  groove  sample 
of  2  or  3  lb.  to  the  foot  is  taken.     The 


fact  that  any  two,  or  all,  of  these  sets  of 
samples  checked  would  not  indicate  to 
me  that  the  sampling  was  correct;  it 
would  merely  indicate  that  the  checking 
series  would  have  the  same  constant  of 
error. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  however,  I  should 
hardly  look  for  a  check,  but  should  ex- 
pect the  grab  sample  to  show  the  high- 
est value,  the  groove  sample  the  next 
and  the  drill  sample  lowest,  and  that  all 
would  show  too  high  a  value.  Of  course, 
if  the  ore  is  rich  and  the  tonnage  mod- 
erate, carefully  taken  hand  samples  will 
abundantly  answer  because  the  margin 
of  operating  profit  will  be  so  large  that 
the  constant  error  will  become  a  small 
risk,  as  the  amount  of  the  necessary  in- 
vestment is  the  important  factor.  If, 
however,  the  merit  of  the  property  lies 
in  a  tremendous  tonnage,  the  margin  per 
ton  required  for  investment  and  profit 
may  be  so  low  that  a  constant  error,  how- 
e\-er  small,  becomes  of  immense  im- 
portance. 

Preliminary      Estimates     Should     Be 

Checked  by  Underground  Work 

AND  Mechanical  Sampling 

My  conclusions  are  that  in  developing 
irregular  masses  of  tremendous  tonnage 
and  admittedly  low  grade,  the  various 
methods  of  sampling  should  be  checked 
by  underground  work.  As  frequently 
earlier  faults  form  the  locus  of  later  ore- 
bodies,  these  faults  sometimes  have  to 
be  followed  so  that  it  is  excusable  in 
some  cases  to  have  one  or  more  of  the 
strike  drifts  depart  from  a  straight  line. 
All  crosscuts,  however,  should  be  equi- 
distant, parallel,  and  cut  the  prevailing 
fissuring  at  an  obtuse  angle,  and  all 
raises  should  be  equidistant  and  ver- 
tical. All  ore  extracted  should  be 
sampled  in  adequate  mechanical  samp- 
ling works  as  ca'efully  as  if  the  ores 
were  to  be  bought  or  sold.  If  there  are 
strike  drifts  on  enriched  streaks,  only 
that  portion  of  the  ore  in  the  drift  op- 
posite the  crosscuts  should  be  included  in 
the  average  of  the  ore;  in  other  words, 
assay  figures  in  the  crosscuts  and  ver- 
tical raises  alone  should  be  used  to  ob- 
tain the  general  average. 

Considering  the  large  sums  to  be  in- 
vested for  development  and  construction, 
the  additional  cost  for  sampling  would 
he  trifling.  It  should  be  understood  that 
one  cannot  sell  a  single  carload  of  ore 
on  a  hand  sample,  and  it  seems  hardly 
reasonable  to  undertake  to  spend  mil- 
lions on  properties  where  the  profits  are 
avowedly  small  per  ton,  unless  careful 
sampling  is  done. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


317 


Recent  Progress  in  Blast  Roasting  of  Sulphides 

Modern  Methods  of  Handling  Material  Introduced.      Down-draft  Fur- 
naces Continuous.      Process  Has  Become  Important  Adjunct  to  Smelting 


B    Y 


H 


O 


H    O    F     M    A    N* 


Blast  roasting  is  the  generic  term  for 
the  process  of  forcing  air  through  a  finely 
divided  nietallic  sulphide,  with  the  object 
of  simultaneously  roasting  and  agglom- 
erating. At  first  only  galena  was  treated, 
for  at  that  time  the  addition  of  lime, 
limestone  or  gypsum  was  thought  neces- 
sary to  avoid  premature  fusion  of  the 
galena,  and  to  assist  in  the  sintering  of 
the  roasted  ore  through  the  formation  of 
some  slag.  It  developed,  however,  that 
this  addition  prevented  proper  desulphur- 
ization. 

The  term  "lime  roasting,"  then  current, 
was  applied  by  Ingalls  to  this  process, 
although  it  is  now  known  that  lime  is 
unnecessary  and  that  sulphides  other 
than  lead  yield  to  this  treatment. 

The  process  is  divided  into  two  great 
divisions,  according  to  whether  the  draft 
is  up  or  down.  To  the  first  belong  the 
Huntington-Heberlein,  Savelsberg  and 
Carmichael-Bradford  modifications;  the 
Dwight-Lloyd  is  the  only  representative 
of  the  down-draft  in  actual  use. 

Huntington-Heberlein  Process 

The  Huntington-Heberlein  process  con- 
sists essentially  of  a  preliminary  treat- 
ment in  a  roasting  furnace,  followed  by 
the  blast  roasting  proper.  It  is  in  use 
in  almost  its  original  form  at  three 
plants  in  British  Columbia.  The 
Trail  plant  of  the  Consolidated  Min- 
ing and  Smelting  Company,  of  Canada, 
Ltd.,  with  eight  Huntington-Heberlein 
roasting  furnaces  and  24  converting  pots 
has  the  largest  installation.  The  ore 
treated  is  a  concentrate,  having  an  aver- 
age assay  of  28  per  cent.  SiO--,  6  Fe,  56 
Pb,  15  S  and  some  Cu,  with  65  oz.  Ag 
per  ton.  (As  this  totals  to  105  per  cent. 
it  is  evidently   inaccurate.) 

A  charge  is  made  up  with  the  three- 
fold idea  of  working  well  in  the  prelimin- 
ary roast,  in  the  blast  roasters  and  in 
the  furnace.  The  reverberatory  roaster 
charge  averages  Pb,  40  to  44;  Fe,  10  to 
13;  SiO,,  8  to  11;  CaO,  7  to  10;  and  Zn, 
under  10  per  cent.  The  final  clinker  is 
dense,  fairly  hard,  yellow  to  grayish-yel- 
low in  color  and  is  not  too  tough  to  be 
readily  broken  to  the  required  size  for 
blast-furnace  use.  Lead  above  45  per 
cent,  gives  trouble,  as  too  much  sulphur 
is  left  in  the  roasted  product,  but  this 
may  be  overcome  by  a  more  intimate 
mi.vture  of  the  charge.     The  lowest  lead 


XnxE  -.Vjistr.ncl   ..f  n  iinpni-  In   lliill.   Xn.  .(■.', 

♦rrofossiir     of     rni'InlliirK.v,     MaHsncliuselts 
Insllliitp   of   Ti'oliiioloK.v. 


content  carried  of  38  per  cent,  sinters 
faster  and  gives  less  trouble  than  the  or- 
dinary content  of  42  per  cent. 

Proi'f.r  Proportions  of  Iron   anii  Lime 
Essential 

E.\perience  has  shown  that  the  iron 
should  be  equal  to,  or  at  least  be  from 
one  to  two  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the 
silica.  The  reverse  condition  always  gives 
trouble  in  a  blast  furnace;  causing  re- 
duced tonnage,  richer  slags  and  top- 
firing.  With  less  than  7  per  cent,  of  lime 
the  results  are  unsatisfactory,  producing 
excessive  toughness  of  the  roasted  ma- 
terial. No  charges  have  been  run  with 
over   10  per  cent,   of  lime. 

The  first  roasting  requires  about  1*4 
hours,  reducing  the  sulphur  to  about  50 
per  cent,  of  the  original  content,  or  to 
approximately  7  per  cent.  S  as  sulphide 
and  1.5  per  cent,  as  sulphate.  For  good 
results  in  the  converting  pots  the  rever- 
beratory product  should  contain  over  9 
per  cent,  sulphur.  The  elimination  of  50 
per  cent,  of  the  sulphur  is  large  as  com- 
pared with  results  on  pure  galena  concen- 
trate without  other  metallic  sulphides. 
Where  the  sulphide  is  nearly  all  con- 
verted to  a  sulphate,  the  chief  object  of 
the  first  roast  is  to  prevent  incipient 
fusion  by  reducing  the  calorific  power  of 
the  ore. 

Description  and  Operation  of  the 
Converting  Pot 

The  converting  pot,  taking  12  to  15  tons 
of  charge,  is  8.5  ft.  in  diameter  and 
4  ft.  2  in.  deep.  The  grate  is  made  in 
four  quadrants  of  cast-iron,  as  one  piece 
cracks  too  readily.  Cast  steel  is  unsat- 
isfactory, owing  to  its  tendency  to  buckle. 
The  analysis  of  a  charge  was  SiO.,  10.5; 
Fe.  10.3;  Pb,  42;  Cu,  1.3;  S,  8.5;  H.O, 
8  per  cent,  and  Ag,  55  oz.  per  ton.  The 
average  percentage  of  water,  however,  is 
about  5  per  cent.  The  roastej  ore  from 
the  furnace  is  conveyed  by  an  elevator 
through  a  water  spray  to  a  brick  bin, 
from  which  it  is  hauled  in  cars  to  the  iron 
hoppers  of  the  converting  pots. 

To  begin  operations,  a  few  slabs  of 
wood  are  placed  in  the  converter  with  a 
shovelful  of  glowing  coal  and  the  blast 
turned  on.  When  ignition  is  well  ad- 
vanced the  charge  is  dropped  from  the 
hopper  and  the  blast  is  increased  to  from 
6  to  8  oz.,  but  is  gradually  reduced  until 
toward  the  end  of  the  blow  of  8  hours 
it  is  only  2  oz.,  the  fire  by  this  time  hav- 
ing reached  the  surface  of  the  charge. 
The  product  is  coarse,  containing  about 


5  per  cent,  of  fines,  which  are  retreated 
in  subsequent  charges,  and  carries  Pb 
and  Cu,  44  per  cent.,  S,  3  per  cent.,  and 
Ag   (50   oz.    per  ton. 

Since  introducing  the  Huntington- 
Heberlein  process  the  lead  tenor  of  the 
blast  furnace  charge  has  been  increased, 
until  it  is  now  40  per  cent,  of  the  weight 
of  the  ore  and  flux.  The  roasted  ore 
composes  85  per  cent,  of  the  charge  with 
the  remainder  consisting  of  oxidized  lead 
ore,  silicious  ore,  limestone  and  foul  slag. 
A  45xU)()-in.  furnace,  smelting  170  tons 
of  ore  (not  charge  i  produces  00  to  70 
tons  of  lead  bullion  daily. 

Blast-roasting  Lead  Matte 

The  blast-turnace  matte  containing 
lead  up  to  25  per  cent,  and  from  8  to  10 
per  cent,  copper  is  also  blast  roasted. 
The  matte  is  granulated  as  it  is  tapped 
from  the  forehearth,  rough  roasted  in  an 
O'Hara  or  Godfrey  furnace,  reducing  the 
sulphur  to  12  per  cent,  and  then 
moistened  and  blown  in  the  Huntington- 
Heberlein  pots,  where  the  sulphur  is  re- 
duced to  about  3  per  cent,  and  occa- 
sionally even  to  1  per  cent.  The  con- 
verted material  is  smelted  with  silicious 
ore  to  form  a  copper  matte  of  about  42 
per  cent.  Low-grade  copper  matte  con- 
sisting of  15  per  cent.  Cu,  27  S  and  56 
Fe,   is   similarly   treated. 

To  overcome  the  toughness  of  the  blast- 
roasted  matte,  one  plant  puts  in  a  layer 
of  lime  after  the  pot  is  half  full  of  matte 
charge.  This  layer  gives  a  plane  along 
which  the  roasted  matte  divides  when 
dumped. 

Practice  at  East  Helena,  Mont.,  and 
Murray,  Utah 

The  East  Helena  plant  of  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  has  12 
Huntington-Heberlein  pots,  treating  prin- 
cipally galena-concentrates  from  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  district  carrying  47  to  55 
per  cent.  lead. 

The  Murray  plant  of  the  same  company 
has  14  pots,  9  ft.  in  diameter,  together 
with  5  Godfrey  roasters,  each  26  ft.  'n 
diameter  for  the  preliminary  roasting. 
Each  of  the  latter  puts  through  about  30 
tons  of  ore  in  24  hours,  and  reduces  the 
sulphur  content  of  18  to  25  per  cent,  to 
from  8  to  12  per  cent.,  using  130  lb.  coal 
per  ton  of  ore.  The  pots  take  a  charge  of 
about  0  tons  and  treat  it  in  12  hours. 

The  charge  is  made  up  of  raw  ore,  high 
in  sulphur,  with  SiO.,  40,  and  FeO,  20 
per  cent.,  and  of  roasted  ore  containing 
sulphur  8  to   12;  SiO.,   10;  FeO,  20  per 


318 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


cent.;  so  proportioned  as  to  keep  the  lead 
between  18  and  20,  the  zinc  under  10  and 
the  sulphur  from  6  to  20  per  cent.  After 
placing  a  layer  of  ashes  to  protect  the 
grate,  the  pots  are  charged  as  follows: 
Upon  these  ashes  are  placed  one  ton  of 
hot  roasted  ore  containing  about  8  per 
cent,  sulphur,  followed  by  another  ton 
of  similar  ore  of  12  per  cent,  sulphur 
content  and  then  7  tons  of  the  mixture 
described  above,  moistened  sufficiently  to 
cohere  when  squeezed  in  the  hand. 

During  the  operation  the  blast  pressure 
reaches  25  oz.  and  the  sulphur  is  reduced 
to  4  per  cent.  The  top  of  the  finished 
charge  is  always  made  up  of  partly  de- 
sulphurized dust,  which  is  retreated  with 
the  moistened  ore  mixture  in  succeeding 
charges.  When  a  charge  is  finished,  the 
pot  is  tilted  by  an  electric  crane  to  pour 
off  the  fine  dust,  then  transferred  to  the 
breaking  platform,  inverted,  and  the  cake 
dumped  on  conical  castings  on  a  floor 
laid  with  closely  set  rails.  The  small 
pieces  go  to  a  10x20-in.  Blake  crusher, 
while  the  large  pieces  are  raised  and 
dropped  again  until  broken  into  the 
proper  size. 

In  general  it  may  be  said  that  the  suc- 
cessful treatment  in  the  Huntington- 
Heberlein  pots  of  ores  containing  not 
over  20  per  cent,  of  lead,  particularly  in 
a  custom  smelter  treating  diversified 
consignments  of  ore,  is  a  matter  of  care- 
ful and  systematic  experimenting.  The 
elimination  of  sulphur  may  be  too  small, 
or  the  proportion  of  residual  fines  too 
high. 

The  practice  at  the  various  plants  of 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  is  far  from  uniform.  The  old 
Huntington-Heberlein  standard  pot  was  a 
single  casting  9  ft.  in  diameter,  4.5  ft. 
deep  with  a  5-in.  air  pipe  in  the  bottom. 
The  hight  of  the  sectoral  grate  was  15  in., 
and  the  conical  holes  in  the  four-,  six-,  or 
eight-grate  sections  were  three-eighths 
inch  in  diameter.  The  modern  pot  is  11 
ft.  in  diameter,  3  ft.  deep  to  top  of  grate 
and  takes  15  tons  instead  of  9  to  the 
charge,  and  is  cast  in  four  sections  bolted 
to  a  flat  bottom,  with  joints  calked  with 
asbestos  cord. 

The  Savelsberg  Process 

The  Savelsberg'  process  is  used  by  the 
St.  Joseph  Lead  Company,  Flat  River, 
Mo.,  for  treating  a  non-argentiferous  ga- 
lena concentrate  whose  gangue  is  dolo- 
mitic  limestone.  This  process  differs  from 
the  Huntington-Heberlein  process  in  that 
the  preliminary  roasting  is  omitted,  but 
enough  limestone  and  silicious  flux  must 
be  present  to  form  a  slag.  Eighteen  pots, 
8.5  ft.  in  diameter  by  4.5  ft.  deep  arc  used 
to  treat  in  10  to  12  hours  10  tons  of  the 
following  charge:  SiO„  13.12;  FeO,  5.9; 
CaO,  6.0;  MgO,  3.3;  Pb,  47.4;  Zn,  2.1; 
S,  11.2  and  H.O.  6.0  per  cent.  The  blast 
pressure  at  the  start  is  10  oz.  and  rises 

AM.  MiN.   .Toi'UN.,  .Inne   Hi.   liimi,  p. 


to  20  oz.  during  the  blow,  reaching  25  oz. 
at  the  end,  with  a  blast  consumption  of 
1000  to  1500  cu.ft.  of  air  per  minute.  The 
finished  product  carries  from  10  to  15  per 
cent,  of  fines,  which  must  be  retreated. 
The  solid  cake  is  dumped  and  broken  by 
hand,  and  assays:  SiO;,  17.2;  FeO,  9; 
CaO,  7;  MgO.  4;  Pb,  44.2;  Zn.  3.8  and 
S,  2.3  per  cent. 

Practice  at  the  Tintic  and  Midvale 
Plants,  Utah 

At  the  Tintic  smeltery,  F.  G.  Kelley,  in- 
stalled tilting  tray-shaped  steel  vessels 
8  ft.  long  by  4  ft.  wide  and  14  in.  deep, 
with  a  grate  pierced  with  three-eighth 
inch  holes,  in  sections  of  12  to  14  in.  A 
primer  of  500  lb.  of  rough-roasted  ore 
and  3000  lb.  of  mixed  sulphide  ore  com- 
posed one  charge.  The  blowing  occupied 
4  hours. 

The  Midvale  plant  of  the  United  States 
Smelting,  Refining  and  Mining  Company 
uses  20  roasting  boxes  of  6  tons  capa- 
city, lined  with  firebrick  and  having  a 
hearth  6  ft.  square  and  3  ft.  deep,  with 
the  bottom  pierced  by  H-'m.  holes.  The 
roof  is  hopper  shaped.  At  the  back  of 
each  box  is  a  door  12x18  in.  for  the 
admission  of  an  electrically  operated 
ram.  which  pushes  the  clinker  out  of  a 
sliding  door  forming  the  front  of  the 
box.  Through  a  slot  in  the  upper  part 
of  this  door  the  progress  of  the  opera- 
tion, including  the  leveling  of  the  charge, 
is  controlled. 

Priming  Mixture  of  Blende,  Coal  and 
Coke  Screenings 

The  mixture  used  for  a  primer  consists 
of  one  part  impure  blende  concentrate, 
one  part  soft  coal  and  1 ' ..  parts  of  coke 
screenings;  one  box  serving  to  supply 
primer  material  for  the  other  19.  The 
blende  assays  30.4  Zn,  6.8  Pb,  1.6  Cu, 
12.7  Fe,  31.7  S  and  7.6  per  cent.  SiO^. 
Enough  of  this  mixture  for  one  ore 
charge  is  brought  to  a  red  heat  in  the 
primer  box  and  then  put  into  the  roaster. 
It  forms  a  layer  about  1.5  in.  thick  on 
top  of  a  2-in.  bed  of  limestone  or  sili- 
cious ore. 

A  charge  of  six  tons  of  ore  consisting 
of  33  parts  concentrate,  5  to  10  of  flue- 
dust,  and  from  62  to  57  parts  of  fine  ore 
is  then  placed  in  the  roaster.  The  mix- 
ture is  calculated  to  contain  S,  19;  SiO=, 
28;  Fe,  18;  Pb,  13;  and  Zn,  6.5  per  cent, 
and  is  transferred  to  a  Smith  concrete 
mixer  where  10  per  cent,  of  HO  is  added. 
The  blast  at  the  beginning  of  the  blow, 
which  lasts  from  5  to  8  hours,  is  2  oz.,  in- 
creasing to  9  at  the  end.  The  tempera- 
ture is  kept  as  low  as  possible  to  reduce 
volatilization  losses,  which,  however, 
amount  to  4  per  cent,  of  the  lead  and 
silver. 

When  sulphur  fumes  cease  to  come  off 
the  sintered  cake  is  pushed  out  on  a 
sheet-steel  boat  and  sprayed  with  water 
to  cool  it  and  to  wash  off  the  fines.  It 
is  then  taken  to  a  24x.'?6-in.  Parrel  crush- 


er and  broken  to  6-in.  size.  Nineteen 
boxes  treat  320  tons  of  charge  a  day, 
eliminating  65  to  70  per  cent,  of  sulphur. 
The  crew  consists  of  a  foreman,  a  ram 
man,  5  pot  men  and  2  chargers.  The 
cost  is  given  as  SI. 25  per  ton  of  ore. 
As  only  37  per  cent,  of  the  sulphur  con- 
tent of  matte  charges  is  driven  off,  matte 
is  regularly  roasted  in  reverberatories. 

Blast  Roasting  of  Copper  and  Copper 
Nickel  Ores 

There  is  no  established  procedure  in 
the  operation  of  the  various  processes, 
owing  to  the  great  difficulties  encoun- 
tered. Many  expedients  have  to  be 
adopted,  such  as  the  mixing  of  10  per 
cent,  of  flue  dust  with  the  fine  copper 
concentrates,  or  by  crushing  the  silicious 
coarse  ores  to  1-in.  size,  then  blowing 
in  a  pot,  followed  by  crushing  the  caked 
material  to  the  usual  fineness  and  again  y 
blowing.  i 

At  the  Garfield  plant  of  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  the  raw 
concentrates  carry  25  to  30  per  cent.  S 
and  about  8  per  cent.  Cu.  They  are 
roasted  in  McDougall  furnaces  to  17  per 
cent.  S  and  then  charged  into  standard 
Huntington-Heberlein  pots,  treating  8 
tons  in  8  hours.  The  kindling  charge 
consists  of  one  ton  of  hot  calcines,  to 
which  are  added  7  tons  of  cold  calcines 
containing  5  per  cent,  of  water.  The  blast 
is  6  oz.  at  the  beginning  of  the  roast  and 
gradually  increases  to  25  oz.  and  then  is 
diminished  to  20  oz.  toward  the  end  of 
the  blow.  The  sulphur  is  brought  down 
to  6  per  cent.,  but  40  to  50  per  cent,  of 
the  charge  does  not  agglomerate. 

Operations  at  Morenci 

M  the  plant"  of  the  Detroit  Copper 
Mining  Company,  Morenci,  Ariz.,  the  sul- 
phide ores  and  flue  dust  were  roasted  for 
a  time  in  hemispherical  pots.  The  charge 
consisted  of  two  tons  of  flue  dust  and  8 
tons  of  concentrate,  of  which  55  per  cent, 
passed  a  40-mesh  screen.  The  analysis 
of  the  concentrate  was  14.3  SiO;.  24.9 
Fe.  5  ALC,  32.2  S,  and  18.8  per  cent. 
Cu;  and  of  the  flue  dust,  23.9  Si0=,  25.9 
Fe,  5.5  Al.O:,,  16.2  S,  1.9  CaO  an  17.1 
per  cent.  Cu. 

In  beginning  operations  a  layer  of  ashes 
■K-in.  deep,  is  placed  on  the  grate 
and  a  small  fire  of  waste  and  wood 
started  in  the  center.  When  burning  well 
about  75  lb.  of  sawdust  is  fed  in  to  a 
depth  of  6  in.  at  the  center  and  tapering 
toward  the  periphery.  Two  tons  of  warm 
flue  dust  at  80  deg.  C.  are  then  added, 
followed  by  a  3-in.  layer  of  concentrate; 
the  blast  is  started  at  2  oz.  and  allowed 
to  act  about  30  min.  After  the  con- 
centrate is  thoroughly  ignited,  the  blast 
is  increased  to  18  oz.  and  the  concentrate 
then  fed  in  as  fast  as  the  heat  creeps 
upward.  The  above  charge  required  20 
hours  for  treatment  and,  while  a  mefal- 


-nmi.  42,  1).  4.S7.  a.  1.  M.  E. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


319 


lurgical  success,  was  an  economic  failure. 
The  best  results  gave  93  per  cent,  of 
coarse  material. 

Practice  at  Copper  Cliff 

The  Canadian  Copper  Company,  at 
Copper  Cliff,  used  pots  to  roast  ore  assay- 
ing 31  SiO.,  19  Fe,  6.15  Cu-Ni,  10  S  and 
about  I  per  cent.  H,.0;  or  a  mixture  of 
one  volume  of  flue  dust  assaying  23  SiO^, 
42  Fe,  6.6  Cu-Ni,  26  per  cent.  S;  with 
one  volume  of  flue  dust  assaying  23  SiOj, 
7.6  Fe,  6.8  Cu-Ni  and  8  per  cent.  S.  The 
pots  were  8.5  ft.  in  diameter  and  6  ft. 
deep,  with  an  arched  grate  having  \<-in. 
holes.  The  grate  was  two  feet  above  the 
center  of  the  bottom  of  the  kettle. 

To  begin  operations  a  space  of  2.5  ft. 
in  diameter  on  the  grate  was  covered  with 
kindlings  and  two  pails  of  coke-breeze 
spread  upon  this  in  a  layer  about  one 
foot  in  diameter;  the  wood  was  ignited 


ttntion  required;  (4)  amount  of  fines 
produced  may  be  large;  (5)  sintering  is 
uneven;  (6)  the  breaking  of  the  cake  is 
expensive. 

The  Dwight-Lloyd  down-draft  appa- 
ratus attempts  to  overcome  these  disad- 
vantages. The  process  is  continuous,  ex- 
posing the  ore  to  a  heat  for  a  period  of 
about  one  minute  for  each  per  cent,  of 
sulphur.  It  makes  little  fines  and  fur- 
nishes a  porous  coke-like  sinter  which 
usually  can  go  direct  to  the  blast  furnace. 

There  are  three  types  of  machines,  the 
drum,  the  straight-line,  and  the  horizon- 
tal-table. All  embody  the  following  fea- 
tures: (1)  The  layer  of  ore  is  spread 
mechanically  from  2.5  to  5  in.  thick  on  a 
traveling  herring-bone  grate;  (2)  the  ore 
thus  spread  travels  under  an  igniter  which 
fires  the  surface  and  then  travels  over  a 
suction  box  which  causes  the  combustion 
to   proceed   downward;    (3)    the   sintered 


Thf  Enffintfing  j  Mintng  Journal 

Straight-line  D\xicht-Lloyd  Blast-roasting  Machine 


and  a  half  blast  turned  on  until  the  coke 
was  well  kindled,  when  charging  began 
under  a  full  blast  pressure.  When  the 
ore  started  to  burn  in  the  center  the  coke 
was  gradually  worked  toward  the  peri- 
phery of  the  pot  until  a  good  layer  of  ore 
was  kindled  when  the  pot  was  filled  with 
the  rest  of  the  charge.  The  roasting  oc- 
cupied 8.5  hours,  during  which  about 
7500  cu.ft.  of  air  per  min.  at  15  oz.  pres- 
sure was  used.  In  this  time  5.25  tons  of 
first  ore  would  be  roasted  to  2.75  per 
cent,  sulphur,  producing  15  to  20  per 
cent,  of  fines;  or  6  tons  of  the  mixture 
to  12  per  cent,  sulphur  and  20  to  25  per 
cent,  fines.  This  also  was  an  economic 
failure. 

The  Carmichael-Bradford  process  is 
not  used  in  the  United  States  as  far  as 
it  is  known. 

Down-draft  Apparatus 

The  following  are  the  disadvantages  of 
pot  roasting:  (1)  Long  exposure  to  heat 
with  consequent  volatilization  loss;  (2) 
intermittent  operation;    (3)   constant    at- 


ore  is  discharged  automatically.  An  in- 
termittent form  of  this  apparatus  is  in  use 
at  Cerro  de  Pasco,  Peru. 

A  drum"  machine  is  installed  at  the 
Maurer  plant  of  the  American  Smelting 
and  Refining  Company  and  at  the  Balti- 
more Copper  Smelting  and  Rolling  Com- 
pany's plant  in  Baltimore.  It  consists  of 
a  horizontal  cylinder  II  ft.  4  in.  in  diam- 
eter with  a  3-ft.  face,  made  up  of  a  pair 
of  circular-iron  rims  carrying  cast-iron 
herring-bone  grates  of  30-in.  effective 
width.  The  stationary  suction  box  oc- 
cupies the  upper  quadrant.  The  drum 
rests  on  two  pairs  of  friction  rollers,  one 
of  which  is  used  as  a  drive.  The  ore,  fed 
on  the  rising  grate,  is  ignited  by  gaso- 
lene jets,  travels  over  the  suction  box  in 
about  20  minutes  and  is  removed  by  the 
points  of  an  upturned  grizzly.  The  ma- 
chine at  the  Maurer  plant  using  a  4-oz. 
vacuum,  roasted  in  a  4-in.  layer,  30  tons 
of  a  50-per  cent,  galena  concentrate  in 
24  hours  without  the  addition  of  lime,  to 

'I'.xr,.    aSd  JIix.   ITiii'Un-..    Mar.    L's     1;miS    n 
fill).  '   ' 


3.4  per  cent.  S.  The  power  consumed 
was  12  horsepower.  Bag  filtration  showed 
the  metal  loss  'o  be  under  0.5  per  cent. 

The  Straight-line  Dovcn-draft 
Roaster 

The  straight-line  machine  is  shown  in 
the  accompanying  cut;  most  of  the  con- 
struction is  self-evident.  The  four  wheels 
of  each  truck-like  element  called  pallets 
engage  the  tracks  or  guides  except  just 
when  passing  over  the  suction  box,  when 
the  planed  bottom  of  the  pallet  slides  on 
the  planed  top  of  the  suction  box.  Cast- 
steel  sprockets  lift  the  train  of  pallets 
from  the  lower  to  the  upper  track  by  en- 
gaging their  teeth.  The  drive  along  the 
upper  track  comes  from  behind,  so  that 
the  joints  are  kept  tight,  and  there  is  a 
planed  dead  plate  at  the  beginning  and 
end  of  the  suction  box.  After  passing  the 
terminal  dead  plate,  the  wheels  of  the 
pallet  engage  the  circular  discharge 
guides,  A.  These  raise  the  pallet  about 
one-half  inch,  thus  loosening  the  sintered 
cake.  On  reaching  the  curve,  the  pallets 
drop  one  by  one,  striking  the  preceding 
pallet,  and  shaking  loose  the  sintered 
mass.  The  force  of  this  blow  can  be 
regulated  by  the  gap  left  in  the  train  of 
pallets  at  this  point,  which  is  the  only 
break  in  the  continuity  of  the  pallets. 

The  igniter  is  a  small  coal-burning  fur- 
nace with  a  grate  area  of  10x30  in.  burn- 
ing about  500  lb.  of  coal  per  24  hours. 
The  suction  box  is  12.5  long  by  30  in. 
wide,  giving  an  area  of  31.25  sq.ft.  Such 
a  machine  weighs  16  tons. 

Ohio  &  Colorado   Roaster   Handles 
50  Tons  Daily 

At  the  Ohio  &  Colorado  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company's  plant,  at  Salida,Colo., 
the  machine  is  30  ft.  long,  the  distance 
between  the  brick  deflecting  curtain  of 
the  igniter  box  and  the  surface  of  the 
ore  is  2  in.  and  the  pallets  travel  8  in. 
per  minute.  The  largest  permissible  ore 
particle  is  0.25  in.  in  diameter,  and  this 
size  should  not  exceed  25  per  cent,  of  the 
charge.  Fifty  tons  of  ore  per  24  hours  is 
rrasted  from  17.7  S.  to  about  4  per  cent, 
with  5  oz.  suction.  The  cost  is  given  as 
75  cents  per  ton  of  ore. 

These  machines  are  in  use  in  a  lead 
smeltery  in  Illinois,  where  on  a  basis  of 
100  tons  a  day,  the  roasting  cost  is  said 
to  be  less  than  50  cents  per  ton.  At  East 
Helena,  raw  blast-furnace  matte  to  the 
extent  of  62  per  cent,  of  the  charge  is 
roasted  successfully.  These  machines  re- 
quire a  total  of  12  to  26  horsepower. 

The    HORfZONTAL-TABLE    DOWN-DRAFT 

Roaster 

The  horizontal-table  machine  consists 
of  a  ring  of  herring-bone  grates,  of  15  ft. 
outer  diameter  and  8  ft.  inner  diameter, 
with  an  effective  area  of  about  50  per 
cent.  The  table  makes  one  revolution  in 
45  min.,  the  feed  hopper  and  igniter  are 
stationary,  and  the  charge  is  removed  by 


320 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


a  scraper  and  a  deflecting  apron.  The 
disadvantage  of  such  a  machine  is  that 
the  scraper  forces  a  large  amount  of 
fines  through  the  grate  slots.  The  hori- 
zontal machine  at  the  Garfield  plant  treats 
about  35  tons  a  day  of  a  concentrate,  45 
per  cent,  of  which  will  pass  a  200-mesh 
screen.  The  sulphur  is  reduced  from  30 
to  6  per  cent. 

Details  Common  to  the  Three  Types 
OF  Machine 

For  30  sq.ft.  of  grate  area  and  15  per 
cent.  S.,  about  3000  to  4000  cu.ft.  of  hot 
gases  must  be  handled  per  minute.  In 
making  up  the  charge  it  is  essential  that 
the  constituents  be  intimately  mixed  and 
uniformly  moistened,  for  which  purpose 
6  to  10  per  cent,  of  water  is  added.  The 
charge  components  should  be  calculated 
to  give  a  slag  with  both  a  low  formation 
and  solidifying  temperature.  The  silica 
may  vary  from  10  to  35  per  cent.,  the 
iron  should  exceed  the  lime  and  the  sul- 
phur may  be  as  low  as  10  per  cent,  al- 
though the  operation  is  run  successfully 
on  18  per  cent.,  but  over  20  per  cent,  sul- 
phur greatly  retards  the  process.  The 
lead  content  may  be  high  or  low. 


concentrate  this  in  the  old  Fisher  mill. 
He  succeeded  in  getting  a  good  extraction 
of  40-  to  50-per  cent,  tungsten  product, 
but  not  having  enough  ore  blocked  out. 
the  mill  was  soon  abandoned.  The  Anglo- 
Saxon  mine  in  Porcupine  gulch  opened 
up  a  body  of  several  tons  of  the  mineral 
about  this  time,  but  threw  it  over  the 
dump  when  this  mill  closed  down.  The 
mineral  has  frequently  been  reported  ns 
occurring  in  pockets  in  the  Ariadne  and 
Yukon  mines,  on  Boulder  mountain,  but 
never  in  commercial  quantities. 

Numerous  Occurrences 

In  1908  the  Eveline  tunnel  was  driven 
into  the  foot  of  Dry  gulch,  to  come  un- 
der some  known  deposits  of  the  mineral, 
but  on  entering  the  vein  it  was  found  to 
be  rather  scattered  although  a  good  con- 
centrating material.  On  the  DeLano  lode 
and  its  extension,  a  mile  and  one-half 
distant  from  Silverton  on  Cement  creek 
and  on  Anvil  mountain,  the  containing 
vein   is   6    ft.   wide,   with    inclusions   and 


Tungsten  in  San  Juan  County,  Colo. 


By  Warren  C.  Prosser* 


Tungsten,  as  hiibnerite,  occurs  widely 
distributed  over  the  Silverton  quadrangle, 
as  a  vein  mineral  associated  with  quartz, 
and  fluorite.  In  the  early  eighties  it  was 
noticed  as  a  peculiar  brown  mineral  in 
the  Adams  lode  on  Bonita  mountain.  It 
occurred  in  radiating,  flat,  needle-like 
crystals  with  flashing  faces.  Being  un- 
known by  the  miners  in  the  section  at 
that  time,  samples  were  sent  to  Freiberg, 
where  it  was  classified  as  the  tungstate 
of  manganese.  In  the  Adams  lode  the 
hiibnerite  occurred  in  isolated  and  irregu- 
lar bunches,  streaks  and  nests  of  crystals 
imbedded  in  the  quartz  and  fluorite.  It 
held  no  commercial  value  at  the  time  of 
discovery,  and  outside  of  a  few  pieces 
saved  for  specimen  purposes,  was  thrown 
over  the  dump.  The  containing  vein  lay 
in  pyroxene  andesite. 

Attempt  Made  at  Concentrating 

Hubnerite  was  next  found  in  Dry  gulch 
in  a  strong  quartz  lead,  on  which  were 
located  three  claims,  the  Dawn  of  Day, 
Sunshine  and  Minnesota.  The  deposit  oc- 
curred in  streaks  from  two  to  six  inches 
wide,  resembling  that  found  in  the  Adams 
lode.  These  veins  have  since  been 
worked,  and  several  levels  driven  into 
them  to  uncover  larger  deposits.  A  con- 
siderable amount  was  found  in  the  upper 
level  of  the  Dawn  of  Day,  and  an  at- 
tempt  was   made   by   William    Lucas   to 


brushes.  The  color  was  a  rich,  reddish 
brown.  In  the  Tom  Moore  mine  above 
Eureka  it  has  been  noticed  as  minute 
brown  crystals  in  quartz,  lying  in  a  latite 
formation.  On  Sultan  mountain  it  has 
been  found  in  the  North  Star  mine  and 
in  moderate  quantities  in  the  Hercules. 
Here  the  veins  lie  in  quartz  monzonite. 

The  main  tungsten  deposits  are  con- 
fined to  a  district  about  nine  miles  long 
extending  from  Silverton  to  a  short  dis- 
tance above  Gladstone.  It  appears  that 
the  greater  portion  is  present  in  the 
Silverton  series  of  undifferentiated  and 
intermingled  rhyolitic  and  andesitic  flows, 
and  the  formations  immediately  bordering 
these.  The  mineral,  in  the  majority  of 
cases,  can  be  concentrated  by  a  se- 
ries of  rolls,  jigs  and  concentrating  tables. 
The  occurrence  of  tungsten  ore  in  San 
Juan  county  is  not  commonly  known.  It 
is  expected,  however,  that  the  deposits 
will  be  profitably  exploited  in  the  near 
future.  Some  development  is  at  present 
being  done  on  the  DeLano  group. 


Speci.mens  of  Huebnerite  fro.m  San   Jl  an  County,  Colo. 


•Mining  engineer,   Silverton,   Colo. 


kidneys  of  quartz,  galena,  sphalerite  and 
hiibnerite,  in  porphyry  and  gouge.  One 
streak  of  exceptionally  pure  mineral  is 
opened  for  1300  ft.,  and  is  from  two  to 
six  inches  wide.  On  the  hanging-wall  cf 
this  vein,  crystals  containing  much  iron 
and  of  a  black  color,  probably  approach- 
ing in  composition  the  mineral  wolframite 
cover  the  quartz  faces.  This  fissure 
as  well  as  those  of  the  Hoosier  City, 
Henrietta  and  Dry-gulch  lodes,  lies  in  .t 
complex  series  of  rhyolite  and  andesite 
flows.  On  the  Henrietta  and  Hoosier- 
City  properties  the  mineral  has  been  re- 
ported as  occurring  in  considerable  quan- 
tity. 

In  1908  the  mineral  was  found  in 
sheaf-like  crystals  of  three-inch  length 
and  less,  occurring  in  vug  holes  in  thj 
Gold  King  mine  on  Bonita  mountain. 
These  were  partially  incrusted  with 
quartz  and  fluorite,  and  were  exceedingly 
beautiful  specimens,  some  being  so  com- 
pact and  closely  associated  as  to  re- 
semble   the     old-style,    copper,    dynamo 


Prospecting  in  Asiatic  Turkey 


From  Trebizond  in  .•\siatic  Turkey. 
United  States  Consul  Milo  A.  Jewett  re- 
ports that  foreigners  have  recently  mani- 
fested an  unusual  interest  In  the  mining 
prospects  of  Asia  Minor.  Numerous 
foreign  engineers,  including  four  French 
and  four  or  five  English  engineers,  are  in- 
vestigating mining  properties.  No  Amer- 
icans have  appeared.  A  good,  strong 
prospecting  and  exploration  company 
would  be  desirable. 

Practically  all  the  mineral  deposits  of 
this  region  are  undeveloped,  and  their 
character,  extent,  workability  and  value 
are  yet  to  be  determined.  The  natives  do 
not  possess  the  capital  and  technical 
knowledge  required  to  develop  the  de- 
posits, and  foreign  companies  do  not 
care  to  buy  claims  that  have  not  been  ex- 
plored and  proved  of  probable  practical 
value. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


321 


Reconstruction  of   the   Angustias  Cyanide  Mill 

Mill  Was  Built  for  Patio  Process;  50-ton  Cyanide  Plant  Installed.    Treat- 
ment Costs  4.55  Pesos  per  Ton;  Extraction:  Gold,  93;  Silver,  86  Per  Cent. 

BY     HERBERT     A.     MEGRAW* 


It  is  usually  simpler  to  design  and  con- 
struct a  new  mill,  adapted  to  a  prescribed 
system  of  treatment,  than  it  is  to  change 
an  old  plant  which  was  intended  for  an 
entirely  different  treatment.  .When  it  is 
desired  to  make  a  change  of  this  sort 
with  the  expenditure  of  the  least  possible 
amount  of  money,  the  problem  is  still 
further  complicated.  Full  advantage  must 
be  taken  of  the  existing  installation. 
which  means  that  existing  construction 
must  be  put  to  uses  for  which  it  was 
never  intended.  Often  this  can  be  done 
with  inexpensive  changes,  an  illustration 
of  a  case  in  point  being  shown  in  the 
mill  of  the  Angustias,  Dolores  y  Anexas 
Company,  at  San  Luis  de  la  Paz,  Guana- 
juato, Mexico. 


rock  breakers  at  the  mine  and  brought 
to  the  mill  patio  in  small  cars.  At  the 
patio  all  the  ore  was  carefully  sampled 
and  checked  against  a  similar  sampling 
at  the  mine.  No  ore  was  milled  until  the 
two  samplings  and  assays  checked,  thus 
forming  an  absolutely  reliable  basis  for 
computing  the  value  of  the  ore  entering 
the  mill.  This  point  is  worthy  of  notice 
as  it  is  extremely  rare  that  such  atten- 
tion is  paid  sampling  in  many  of  the 
larger  inodern  mills. 

The  grinding  was  performed  in  four 
Chilean  mills  of  the  older  style,  driven 
from  beneath  by  means  of  gearing.  The 
tread  of  the  mill  is  a  solid  plate  or  ring 
of  steel  5  ft.  in  diameter  and  5  in.  thick. 
The  crushing  is  performed  on  this  die  by 


slime  was  conducted  directly  to  the  slime 
treatment  tanks,  the  overflowing  solution 
being  returned  to  the  mills  for  further 
grinding. 

The  1(5  slime-treatment  tanks  were  ma- 
sonry pits,  originally  constructed  for  use 
as  slime  settlers  in  the  patio  process.  In 
these  pits  the  slime  was  agitated  with 
compressed  air  led  into  the  charge  with 
pipes  and  hose.  The  main  difficulty  in 
this  case  was  the  compressor,  which  was 
so  small  that  its  delivered  air  ..ould  not 
keep  up  perfect  agitation.  The  slime  was 
discharged  by  withdrawing  a  plug  in  the 
bottom  of  the  tank.  The  slime  ran  into  a 
wide  ditch,  and  peons,  with  wooden  rakes, 
passed  them  to  the  intake  of  a  small  tail- 
ing wheel,  also  operated  by  hand,  which 


PoviKR  Plant  of  Angus- has  Mill 

The  mill  was  originally  designed  for 
the  treatment  of  the  ore  by  the  patio  pro- 
cess, and  in  compliance  with  the  require- 
ments of  this  system,  a  level  site  was 
chosen.  When  a  change  was  contem- 
plated, for  a  cyanide  mill,  this  site  was 
found  to  be  a  serious  obstacle.  An  at- 
tempt had  been  made  two  years  previous 
to  adapt  the. mill  for  cyanide  treatment, 
but  the  work  had  not  been  carried  to  its 
logical  end,  and  much  remained  to  be 
done  to  put  the  mill  in  condition  for 
modern  work. 

Trkatment  Employed  by  the  Old  Mill 

My  first  step  was  to  conduct  a  series 
of  experiments  in  the  laboratory,  and 
later  in  the  mill,  in  order  to  determine 
the  necessities  of  the  situation.  The  ar- 
rangement and  equipment  of  the  mill  at 
I  the  time  of  my  first  visit  was  about  as 
follows.     The    ore    was   passed    through 

•Mlnlni:  .ind  inptnlliiiu'icnl  oiiKlneer.  San 
Mils  do  lii   I'liz.  Cto..   MpxIco. 


Sand  Tank>  Novc  in  Use  at  Anglstias 
Mill 

the  rolling  of  the  heavy  wheels,  of  which 
each  mill  has  two,  7  ft.  in  diameter,  19- 
iii.  face,  and  weighing  about  five  tons 
each.  The  hight  of  discharge,  from  the 
die  to  the  screen,  is  13  in.,  and  under 
ordinary  circumstances  the  mills  are 
driven  at  a  speed  of  15  r.p.m.  When  the 
mills  arc  grinding  at  their  maximum  ca- 
pacity, they  require  15  h.p.  each. 

Slime  Treatment 

From  the  mills  the  pulp  was  conducted 
through  sheet-iron  launders,  with  insuf- 
ficient grade,  to  a  spitzkasten,  where  a 
separation  of  the  sand  and  slime  was 
made.  This  separation  was  later  found 
to  be  one  of  the  chief  weaknesses  of  the 
system,  as  both  products,  sand  and  slime, 
contained  abnormal  quantities  of  the 
other  product  which  it  was  designed  to 
sliminate. 

The  slime  product  was  delivered  to  two 
dewatcring  cones,  each  8  ft.  in  diameter 
Mid  10  ft.  deep,  from  which  the  thickened 


Delivery  of  Ork  At  Mill  Bins 

raised  the  pulp  to  the  level  of  the  yard 
where  it  was  impounded  in  dams,  allowed 
to  dry,  and  finally  removed  in  sacks  car- 
ried by  peons. 

Sand  Treatment 

The  sand  from  the  spitzkasten  was 
passed  over  four  Wilfley  concentrators 
and  thence  to  the  sand-treatment  plant. 
This  sand  plant  comprised  seven  round 
wooden  tanks,  having  a  capacity  of  45 
metric  tons  each,  and  four  140-ton  rec- 
tangular masonry  tanks.  The  masonry 
tanks  are  particularly  objectionable  as 
their  shape  and  size  make  them  unhandy 
to  operate,  and  the  method  of  delivering 
the  sand  pulp,  through  a  simple  open 
launder,  does  not  allow  a  proper  distri- 
bution of  the  pulp.  The  result  is  that  it 
is  impossible  to  avoid  the  settlement  of 
a  certain  portion  of  slime  in  the  tank, 
which  retards  the  leaching.  All  of  these 
sand  tanks  had  to  be  discharged  by  hand 


322 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


shoveling,  there  not  being  sufficient  water 
to  wash  them  out. 

Precipitation  Department 

The  precipitation  department  contained 
seven  small  wooden  extractor  boxes  of 
the  usual  type  for  use  with  zinc  shaving. 
The  total  capacity  of  these  seven  boxes 
was  about  100  cu.ft.  of  shavings,  which 
was  quite  inadequate  for  the  capacity  of 
the  mill.  They  required  cleaning  every 
day  or  two,  depending  upon  the  grade  of 
the  ore  milled,  and  were  extremely  un- 
handy to  work  in.  Sulphuric  acid  treat- 
ment was  used  on  the  zinc  shorts,  and 
the  precipitate  was  melted  in  small  cru- 
cibles using  charcoal  as  fuel. 

Reconstruction  of  the  Mill 

In  reconstructing  the  mill  it  was  neces- 
sary to  use  the  least  possible  amount  of 
money  in  order  to  demonstrate  the  effi- 
ciency of  the  process  before  going  to 
large  expense.  It  was  arranged  to  use 
practically  all  the  pld  machinery,  with  a 
few  indispensable  additions,  and  con- 
siderable study  was  necessary  to  devise 
feasible  means  of  doing  it,  and  also  to 
overcome  the  lack  of  grade,  which  was 
serious. 

The  river  bed,  outside  the  hacienda 
walls,  had  a  slight  fall,  and  had  been  so 
filled  up  with  tailing  in  years  past  that 
the  bed  is  three  feet  higher  than  the 
ground  level  inside  the  hacienda.  Due  to 
the  danger  of  overflowing  the  surround- 
ing fields,  during  the  rainy  reason,  the 
municipal  government  forbade  delivering 
any  solids  into  the  river,  so  that  an- 
other problem  was  presented  in  finding  a 
way  to  get  rid  of  the  tailing. 

Chilean  Mills  Retained 

The  most  practical  solution  of  the  diffi- 
culties encountered  seemed  to  be  the  fol- 
lowing: A  study  of  the  work  performed 
by  the  Chilean  mills  induced  us  to  retain 
them  as  primary  grinding  machines,  as 
they  delivered  ground  ore  at  an  extreme- 
ly reasonable  cost,  and  their  replacement 
by  any  other  grinding  machine  seemed 
useless  at  this  time.  The  capacity  of  the 
mills  was  shown  to  be  1.042  tons  per 
hour  through  a  40-mesh  screen  for  each 
mill.  It  is  my  intention  to  take  up  the 
study  of  these  mills  in  a  separate  paper, 
making  a  comparison  of  the  work  per- 
formed by  them  and  its  cost,  the  results 
of  which  will  be  interesting  and,  I  trust, 
of  importance. 

The  ore  available  at  the  time  of  start- 
ing the  mill  required  the  use  of  only  two 
of  the  mills.  The  launders  leading  from 
the  mills  were  given  more  inclination. 
The  spitzkasten  were  replaced  by  three 
iron  cones,  which  proved  quite  satisfac- 
tory, delivering  a  clean,  leachable  sand 
an:'  a  'ight  slime  which  could  be  agi- 
tated by  the  compressed  air.  The 
concentrators  were  all  raised  15.  in.  in 
order  to  give  a  better  grade  to  the 
launders  which  carry  the  sand. 


New    Equipment 

A  new  compressor,  capable  of  com- 
pressing 300  cu.ft.  of  free  air  per  minute 
to  30  lb.  was  installed  for  agitating  the 
slimes.  Four  new  zinc  boxes  of  iron 
were  made  and  installed,  these  boxes 
having  a  total  capacity  of  225  cu.ft.  oi' 
shaving.  The  discharge  openings  of  the 
slime  tanks  were  fitted  with  4-in.  pipe 
connected  to  a  centrifugal  pump,  which 
was  used  to  discharge  them.  A  steel 
tank  was  installed  with  the  bottom  14  ft. 
above  the  patio  level.  This  tank  was 
to  receive  the  slime  tailings,  allow  it  to 
settle  for  a  short  time  in  order  to  re- 
cover cyanide  and  metal  in  solution,  and 
discharge  the  final  tailing  outside  the 
walls  of  the  hacienda  by  gravity.  The 
slime  was  stored  in  a  pond,  thus  avoid- 
ing the  filling  of  the  river  bed.  As  no 
filter  had  been  arranged  for,  this  scheme 
seems  the  most   feasible. 

The  sand  tanks  were  all  renovated, 
new  launders  were  put  in  and  the  whole 
generally  improved.  The  old  method  of 
treating  both  sand  and  slime  with  one 
weak,  cyanide  solution,  was  changed  to 
allow  the  use  of  two  grades  of  solution, 
both  stronger  than  that  used  formerly. 
The  two  solutions  are  kept  separate  at 
all  times. 

The  whole  system  of  pulp  flow  was 
renovated  and  all  weak  places  strength- 
ened and  all  leaks  stopped,  in  order  to 
allow  economical  crushing  in  cyanide  so- 
lution. 

Power   Plant 

The  present  power  plant  includes  three 
50-h.p.  boilers;  one  100-h.p.  Read-Camp- 
bell compound  slide-valve  engine;  one 
9x14x1 1-in.  steam-driven  air  compressor; 
one  small  dynamo  for  lighting,  driven  by 
a  10-h.p.  slide-valve  steam  engine;  and 
one  I5-h.p.  motor  for  driving  the  centri- 
fugal pump  for  discharging  the  slime 
tanks.  The  fuel  is  wood  and  is  delivered 
by  the  same  railroad  which  brings  the 
ore  from  the  mine.  The  cost  for  power 
is  0.02967  pesos  per  horsepower-hour. 

In  designing  all  these  changes,  a  spe- 
cial effort  was  made  to  avoid,  as  far  as 
possible,  the  elevation  of  pulp.  The  only 
case  in  which  it  was  found  necessary 
to  elevate  any  material  was  in  the  dis- 
charge of  the  slime  tanks.  This  was  due 
to  the  topography,  as  explained  above. 

Results  of  Three  Months'  Operation 

After  three  months  of  operation,  the 
results  obtained  were  as  follows:  Aver- 
age ore  milled,  50  tons  per  24  hours; 
average  assay,  397  grams  of  silver  and 
16  grams  of  gold  per  ton;  value  per  ton, 
34.77  pesos.  The  extraction  in  concen- 
trates was:  Silver,  21.50  per  cent.;  gold, 
42.2  per  cent.;  and  in  bullion,  64.83  end 
51.15  per  cent.,  respectively.  The  total 
extraction  of  silver  was  86.33  per  sent. 
and  of  gold,  93.35  per  cent. 

The  cost  of  treatment,  including  all 
mill   charges   and    local   taxes   on   output 


varied  from  4.08  to  4.55  pesos  per  ton 
milled.  The  consumption  of  principal 
chemicals  was:  Cyanide,  1.25  kg.  per 
ton  milled;  acetate,  0.089;  lime,  2.435; 
zinc,   0.35. 

Precipitation 

No  difficulty  was  experienced  with  pre- 
cipitation, the  precipitate  recovered  being 
melted  with  a  small  amount  of  flux  in 
large  crucibles  in  coke  furnaces.  The 
precipitate  averaged  from  65  to  75  per 
cent,  of  its  weight  in  bullion  which  as- 
sayed from  850  to  925  fine  in  silver  and 
from  30  to  60  fine  in  gold.  The  use  of 
acid  in  treating  zinc  short  was  discontin- 
ued. The  fine  zinc  was  returned  to  the 
strong  boxes  and  the  small  excess  of 
zincky  precipitate  was  melted  directly. 
The  calculation  of  per  cent,  extraction 
above  noted  was  based  on  actual  output 
upon  which  taxes  were  paid. 

From  the  data  presented,  it  may  be 
seen  that  the  object  of  the  reforms  was 
successfully  accomplished.  Naturally,  a 
plant  of  this  sort  could  not  be  expected 
to  reduce  expenses  to  the  point  reached 
by  modern  plants  where  the  most  econ- 
omical systems  are  incorporated  in  the 
original  design.  The  costs,  as  given 
above  are,  however,  reasonable,  and  al- 
low treatment  of  the  ore  at  a  substantial 
profit. 

Larger  Percentage  of  Slime  Will  Be 
Made 

A  study  of  the  conditions  during  the  .  ■ 
period  of  operation  of  the  plant  has  | 
shown  that  it  can  be  much  improved  by 
adopting  some  system  of  making  a  larger 
per  cent,  of  slime.  Under  present  condi- 
tions, the  proportions  are  42  per  cent, 
sand  and  58  per  cent,  slime.  Plans  have 
been  made  and  operations  are  under  way 
to  return  the  sand  product,  after  concen- 
tration, to  a  third  Chilean  mill  for  re- 
grinding.  As  the  slime  does  not  have  to 
be  moved  by  hand,  its  treatment  is  much 
cheaper  in  addition  to  the  better  extrac- 
tion. It  is  particularly  desired  to  avoid, 
if  possible,  the  use  of  the  large  masonry 
sand  tanks,  which  are  costly  and  ineffi- 
cient. 

Plans  are  also  under  way  for  the  treat- 
ment of  the  concentrate  in  order  to  avoid 
the  high  cost  of  shipping  to  the  smel- 
tery. With  these  economies,  the  com- 
pany hopes  to  secure  good  extraction  and 
a  cost  per  ton  low  enough  to  be  com- 
parable with  the  best  work  anywhere. 

Increase  of  Mill  Capacity 

Plans  are  being  made  to  increase  the 
capacity  of  the  mill.  This  will  probably 
be  accomplished  by  using  all  four  of 
the  Chilean  mills  as  primary  grinders, 
with  a  coarser  screen  to  increase  the  out- 
put, and  regrinding  the  entire  product, 
in  tube  mills.  Modern  tanks  and  treat- 
ment system  will  be  installed  and  every 
effort  made  to  produce  a  first-class  plant. 


August  13.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


323 


Smelting  Briquetted  Zinc  Ore 

BY  THEODORE  J.  HOOVER  * 


A  zinc-smelting  test  was  made  on  a 
lot  of  613  tons  of  mixed  concentrates  by 
the  briquetting  process.'  The  concen- 
trates were  made  from  slimes  from  the 
Broken  Hill  mines  by  the  flotation  pro- 
cess employed  by  the  Minerals  Separa- 
tion Ltd.,  and  had  the  following  composi- 
tion: 

Zinc,  31.70  per  cent.;  lead,  24.38; 
tion:  Zinc,  31.70  per  cent.;  lead,  24.38; 
manganese,  1.69;  lime,  1.18;  alumina, 
1.74;  silica,  8.08;  oil,  0.40;  and  loss.  0.26 
per  cent.  The  silver  content  was  24.7 
oz.  per  long  ton. 

This  analysis  shows  that  the  material 
has  little  or  no  market  value  to  either 
lead  or  zinc  smelters. 

A  screen  analysis  of  the  concentrates 
is  shown  in  the  accompanying  table. 


.SCREE.N   A.V.ALY.SI.S  OF 
BROKE.V   HILL  CO.\CENTR.\TES. 


.Size  .Vperture 

.\pproxi- 

Per  Cent. 

of  .Screen. 

niate  Me.'ih. 

of  .Sample. 

On  0  0124  inch 

40 

0.98 

n  OO'I.S  inch 

.50 

0.6.T 

oonrs  inch 

6.i 

0.30 

n  0062  incli 

.SO 

0.62 

0  0049  inch 

110 

1.66 

0.0039  inch 

130 

4.10 

0,00.31  inch 

160 

7.. 56 

0,002.')  inch 

200 

2,16 

Through  0.002.'i  inch 

200 

SI,  97 

Total 

100 per  cent. 

It  is  plain  from  the  screen  analysis  that 
little  benefit  can  be  anticipated  by  any 
ordinary  wet-table  or  vanner     treatment. 

To  treat  this  material  a  combination  of 
roasting,  briquetting  and  distillation  was 
employed,  whereby  the  lead  and  silver 
were  retained  in  the  briquets  as  residues, 
andthezincwas  volatilized  and  condensed. 

Roasting  and  Briquetting 

The  roasting  was  done  in  a  single-deck 
hand  calciner  of  the  ordinary  type  having 
a  capacity  of  four  to  five  tons  of  raw- 
ire  per  day.  With  care  the  roasting  was 
tot  difficult,  the  sulphur  being  reduced 
0  under  3  per  cent.,  with  metal  losses  of 
line,  1.82;  lead.  5.93;  silver,  2.74  per 
;ent.  These  show  that  the  dusting  loss 
*'as  probably  low,  and  that  in  a  proper 
■quipment  part  of  the  lead  lost  could  be 
ecovered.  The  roasted  material  assayed, 
:inc,  34.5,  lead,  25.43  per  cent.,  and  silver, 
'i6.68  oz.  per  ton. 

Previous  tests  by  retorting  this  ma- 
erial  in  ordinary  zinc  furnaces  had  been 
I'ery  destructive  of  retorts  and  had  yielded 

i'ronsnlllntt  minini;  cnirlneer.   Mlner.Tls  Sen- 
ration.   Ltd..   I.nndnn. 
'S,    **■  '"n'''nl  <ii!.5,744  nnd  (!92.14S.  Snlmnn 
:  Plcarrt:   lliltlsh    I'litent   21.51    of  liiiin    .Siii- 
inn    4    I'Icai-d:    propeilv    of    ilip    Uiillsh    ,V; 
cicii  fonatriicttoD  Oompanv 


spelter  so  high  in  lead  as  to  be  unmar- 
ketable. For  this  reason  it  was  decided 
to  try  briquetting.  The  most  suitable 
mi.Mure  for  the  briquets,  determined  by 
trial,  was;  roasted  ore,  70  per  cent.; 
good-grade  bituminous  coal,  25.5,  and 
pitch,  4.5  per  cent. 

Charging 

The  briquets  were  5'4x4'4x8  in.,  a 
size  which,  when  arranged  two  deep, 
seven  long,  and  one  wide,  just  filled  the 
retort,  leaving  a  space  about  '4  in.  be- 
tween the  retort  and  the  briquets.  The 
retort  was  of  the  familiar  Welsh  type, 
5>4  in.  wide  by  9' j  in.  high  by  5  ft.  long. 
One  furnace  contained  144  retorts  ar- 
ranged in  six  rows  of  24  each.  In  charg- 
ing, six  men  working  in  two  sets  formed 
the  crew,  each  set  taking  half  the  fur- 
nace. The  briquets  came  in  on  cars  run- 
ning on  a  track  about  10  ft.  hack  from 
the    furnace    front. 

Taking  the  average  of  a  number  of 
days,  the  periods  of  time  for  charging 
one  row  of  retorts  was  found  to  be : 
Filling,  3  min.;  setting  condensers,  4; 
mudding,  4;  tamping.  2;  coaling,  I;  rest, 
1;  a  total  time  of  15  minutes  per  row,  or 
1  hour  30  minutes  for  the  whole  fur- 
nace, with  perhaps  one-half  hour  added 
for  delays  due  to  replacing  retorts,  re- 
pairs and  cleaning  up. 

The  charging  was  done  by  the  three 
men  neatly  and  rapidly.  One  man  stood 
at  the  truck  and  tossed  the  bricks  two  at 
a  time  to  the  second  helper  who  stood 
near  the  front  of  the  furnace.  The  sec- 
ond helper  placed  the  two  briquets  on 
the  charging  tool.  The  instant  the  two 
bricks  were  in  position  on  the  charging 
tool  the  charger  shoved  them  into  place 
in  the  retort. 

From  the  above  figures  it  is  seen 
that  one  set  of  men  placed  158 
bricks  in  the  retorts  in  3  minutes,  being 
at  the  rate  of  a  little  less  than  a  brick 
per  second.  All  the  old  Welsh  zinc  men 
who  have  worked  with  this  method  of 
charging  prefer  it  to  the  loose  charging 
system  because  of  the  reduced  labor  and 
cleanliness. 

Distillation 

As  soon  as  the  briquets  were  in  the 
furnace  the  pitch  began  to  give  off  an 
olive-colored  smoke  which  burned  when 
ignited.  After  charging  was  finished  and 
the  pipe  extensions  put  on,  the  furnace 
was  given  over  to  the  distiller  it  12 
o'clock  noon.  The  first  tapping  was  done 
at  12  o'clock  midnight,  the  second  at  3 
a.m.,  and  the  last  at  6  a.m.  These  tap- 
pings   were    kept   separate    at    first    until 


assays  showed  they  were  fairly  uniform 
in  lead  content.  At  6:30  a.m.  the  run 
was  complete  and  the  furnace  was 
turned  over  to  the  day  crew  who  re- 
placed broken  retorts  and  recharged  the 
furnace. 

The  distilling  of  the  charge  presented 
no  difficulty  except  perhaps  the  necessity 
of  running  the  furnace  a  little  cooler  than 
on  the  ordinary  loose  charging  of  a  good 
zinc  ore  free  from  lead.  The  briquets 
came  out  of  the  retort  quite  porous  but 
intact,  and  were  well  suited  for  direct 
lead  smelting.  There  was  no  tendency 
for  the  retorts  to  "slag  up"  in  the  bot- 
tom, because  the  briquets  came  away 
clean   and   entire   each   time. 

On  the  whole,  the  distillation  recovery 
may  be  considered  eminently  satisfactory, 
bearing  in  mind  the  fact  that  the  period 
of  the  test  included  not  only  the  start- 
ing up  of  the  furnace,  but  also  several 
series  of  experimental  runs.  There  were 
long  periods  when  the  indicated  recovery 
of  zinc  was  upward  of  85  per  cent.,  but 
the  general  average  is  lower,  no  doubt 
due  in  large  measure  to  the  experiments 
at  the  beginning  of  the  run.  It  was  found 
that  the  best  recovery  was  obtained  when 
the  four  lower  rows  were  charged  with 
briquets,  the  two  top  rows  being  devoted 
to  the  distillation  of  sweeps.  This  shows 
that  the  two-row  gas-fired  type  of  furnace 
with  its  more  equally  distributed  heat 
would  be  more  suitable  and  give  better 
results  than  this  old  six-row  coal-fired 
furnace.  Although  the  recovery  of  zinc 
based  on  the  whole  run  is  only  70  per 
cent.,  I  have  no  doubt  that  upward  of 
80  per  cent,  could  be  secured  in  con- 
tinuous running. 

The  Product 

The  spelter  was  of  excellent  grade,  as- 
saying 99.25  per  cent,  zinc  and  0.73  per 
cent,  lead  and  often  as  low  as  0.5  per 
cent.  lead. 

The  weight  of  the  residues  produced 
was  about  75  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of 
the  raw  ore,  and  both  the  lead  and  silver 
were  well  held  up  in  the  briquets  during 
the  distillation.  About  one-half  of  the 
lead  in  the  briquets  was  in  the  form  of 
minute  prills.  The  residues  assayed  6 
per  cent,  zinc,  28  per  cent.  lead  and  30 
oz.  silver  per  ton. 

Advantages 

One  material  advantage  of  this  method 
of  zinc  smelting  Is  that  the  furnace 
charge  contained  nearly  six  tons  of 
masted  material,  whereas  with  loose 
charging  four  and  one-half  tons  of 
roasted   material   was  the  maximum  that 


324 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13.  1910. 


could  be  charged.  This  was  an  increase 
of  33V3  per  cent.,  reflecting  advantageous- 
ly, not  only  on  smelting  costs,  but  also 
on  recoveries. 

The  loss  in  pots  was  below  the  aver- 
age zinc  work.  An  interesting  feature  in 
this  connection  was  as  follows:  In  a 
later  test  on  similar  material  the  briquet- 
ting  machine  was  not  available  for  the 
latter  end  of  the  run,  and  several  tons 
were  charged  loose  after  the  furnace  had 
been  running  on  briquets  for  some  weeks. 
The  old  retorts  held  up  well  under  this 
loose  charging  of  a  high  lead  concen- 
trate, but  the  new  retorts  would  all  fail 
in  two  or  three  days,  the  old  retorts,  how- 
ever, most  of  them,  lasting  to  the  end  of 


The  residues  were  disposed  of  under 
a  favorable  selling  contract;  to  wit,  lead, 
at  the  market  price  and  silver  at  the  mar- 
ket price;  less  a  returning  charge  of  50s. 
per  ton. 

Taking  zinc  at  £20  per  ton.  lead  at  £13 
per  ton  and  silver  at  2s.  per  oz.,  the 
test  shows,  on  a  conservative  estimate  for 
the  purchase  of  slimes,  working  costs, 
freight  and  amortization,  a  profit  of  £1 
10s.  per  ton  of  concentrates.  Taking  the 
higher  recoveries  justified  by  the  samples 
when  the  furnace  was  running  under  es- 
tablished conditions  and  on  the  same 
prices  of  metals,  there  would  be,  on  the 
basis  of  50  tons  per  day  for  five  years,  a 
profit  of  £3  per  ton. 


RESULTS  OF  ZINC  SMELTING  TEST. 

LiisSES. 


Roasting. 


Weight. 
Per  Cent. 


9  5 


Zn. 
Per  Cent. 


1  ,S2 


Pb, 
Per  Cent. 


.93 


Per  Cent. 


DlSTILLrNG. 


Zn, 

Per  Cent . 


29.2 


Pb, 

Per  Cent. 


8  96 


.\g, 
Per  Cent . 


9  96 


^('OVERIES. 


B.\SED  ON-  R.i"   Concentrates. 

Ba.sed  ox  Roasted  Concektrates. 

Zn, 
Per  Cent. 

Pb. 
Per  Cent. 

Ounces  per  Ton. 

Zn., 
Per  Cent. 

Pb, 
Per  Cent . 

Per  Cent. 

69  5 

85.66 

S7.57 

70. S 

91.04 

90.04 

the  run.  This  can  be  accounted  for  on 
the  assumption  that  the  latter  had  ac- 
quired a  protective  saturation  during  the 
period  when  only  briquets  were  being 
retorted. 

Losses 
The  figures  for  loss  of  lead  and  silver 
in  distillation  demand  some  explanation, 
for  if  the  quantities  indicated  were  lost 
during  distillation  the  inference  is  that 
they  went  into  the  spelter.  They  were 
not  in  the  spelter,  howsver,  as  it  was 
sold  at  a  premium  because  of  its  purity. 
The  losses  are  partially  accounted  for  in 
that  the  handling  loss  both  before  and 
after  distillation  was  charged  to  distilla- 
tion. Also  as  previously  remarked  the 
lead  was  about  half  in  the  form  of  prills 
with  the  result  that  the  residues  were 
hard  to  sample  and  assay  accurately;  and 
the  suggestion  that  our  assays  were  not 
quite  correct  is  borne  out  by  the  fact 
that  the  lead  smelter  paid  us  for  more 
lead  and  silver  than  we  expected. 

As  to  the  zinc  loss,  about  15  per  cent, 
is  accounted  for  in  the  residues,  leaving 
about  15  per  cent,  to  be  accounted  for, 
as  loss  by  volatilization  and  handling,  etc. 
This  seems  very  high  and  no  adequate 
explanation  can  at  present  be  advanced. 
The  fact  remains  that  the  recovery  of 
zinc  is  based  on  spelter  sold,  and  that 
the  sales  of  lead  and  silver  overran  the 
recovery  indicated  by  assay  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  completely  wipe  out  the 
losses  of  those  two  metals  during  distilla- 
tion. 


Palmarejo  &  Mexican  Goldfields 

London  Correspondence 


Mines  in  Mexico  owned  and  worked  by 
London  companies  have  provided  at  in- 
tervals sensations  in  mining  circles  by 
reason  of  the  discovery  of  rich  sulphide 
ore.  There  is  at  present  one  case,  that  of 
El  Oro,  where  rich  ore  is  being  opened 
up.  Three  or  four  years  ago  there  was 
the  Esperanza,  which,  when  passed  over 
to  the  English  company,  was  not  con- 
sidered to  be  a  rich  mine.  Shortly  af- 
terward, however,  a  rich  sulphide  vein 
was  opened  up  in  one  portion  of  the 
mine  from  top  to  bottom,  which,  being 
readily  accessible  from  the  existing  lev- 
els, allowed  its  contained  wealth  to  be 
so  quickly  turned  to  account  that  divi- 
dends of  more  than  one  million  sterling 
were  distributed  within  a  comparatively 
short  space  of  time, 

Pal.marejo  Not  a  Bonanza 

The  Palmarejo  &  Mexican  Goldfields, 
Chinipas,  Chihuahua,  is  almost  the  re- 
verse of  sensational,  and  in  so  far  as  can 
he  gathered  from  the  reports,  the  attrac- 
tive possibility  of  encountering  a  bonanza 
is  not  offered. 

It  is  recorded  that  for  a  great  num- 
ber of  years  this  mine  was  profitably 
worked  by  tjie  inhabitants  of  the  country. 
It  has  also  been  worked  by  an  English 
company  for  the  last  20  years  or  so.    The 


fact,  however,  remains  that  toward  the 
end  of  1908  the  mill  was  closed  down 
because  there  was  not  sufficient  payable 
ore  in  the  mine  to  keep  it  running,  and 
because  the  mill  was  of  an  old  and  un- 
satisfactory  type. 

EXA.MINATION     ShO>X'S     NEW     POSSIBILITIES 

An   exhaustive   examination   by  a   well 
known  engineer,  called   in   at  this  crisis, 
showed  that  there  are  in  the  mine  two  veins 
from  7  to   15  ft.  in  width  and  from  2000 
to    3000    ft.    in    length,    from    which    the 
samples  taken  indicated,  when  estimated 
conservatively,  a  value  of  about  18  oz.  of 
silver   per   ton.      It    was   considered   that 
there    was    promise    that    a    satisfactory 
amount    of   ore    of   this    value    could    be 
opened    up    by    development    work,    and, 
tests  showed  that  about  87  per  cent,  of 
the  total  value,  or  say  31s.,  could  be  ob- 
tained  by   means    of    concentration,   all- 
sliming  and  subsequent  cyanidation.  It  was 
also    figured,    that,    treating    250    to    300 
tons  per  day,  the  total  cost  would  be  in 
the  neighborhood  of  17s.,  leaving  a  work- 
ing profit  of  14s.  per  ton,  or  £60,000  per 
year.      These    were    the    possibilities    of 
the  mine  and  the   principal   asset  of  the 
company. 

Financial  Policy 

It  was  estimated  that  to  carry  out  this 
scheme  in  its  entirety  would  make  neces- 
sary the  provision  of  further  capital  to 
the  extent  of  about  £116,000.  Before  the 
whole  of  the  capital  was  called  up  it  was 
determined  to  spend  from  £25,000  to 
£30,000  to  see  if  previous  estimates  of 
the  mine's  value  were  well  based. 

Since  then,  18  months  have  almost 
passed  and  considerable  development 
work  has  been  done  in  the  mine,  with  the 
result  that  at  the  end  of  1909  the  amount, 
of  positive  ore  developed  was  81,116  tonsl 
of  41s.  value,  and  the  amount  of  prob- 
able ore  stood  at  106,160  tons,  the  man- 
ager being  further  of  the  opinion  that 
by  the  end  of  1910  the  amount  of  posi- 
tive ore  would  reach  about  175,000  tons 
of  39s.  value. 

Original  Estimate  of  Ore  Contents 
Confirmed 

The  appearances,  therefore,  are  that 
the  original  estimates  were  well  based, 
in  so  far  as  the  value  of  the  ore  is  con- 
cerned. In  addition  the  estimates  of  the 
cost  of  development  have  been  more  thitn 
borne  out  by  the  actual  figures,  thus 
showing  that  the  payable  ore,  or  the 
oreshoots  in  the  reef,  are  of  greater  ex- 
tent than  the  original  estimate  allowed. 
In  view  of  these  facts  the  further  pro- 
gress of  this  mine  will  be  watched  with 
great  interest,  and  particularly  so.  be- 
cause it  was  not  many  years  ago  that 
ores  carrying  less  than  30  oz.  of  silver  to 
the  ton  were  considered  as  but  little  at- 
traction for  the  employment  of  capital. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


325 


Ore  Deposits  in  Western  Ontario 


The  region  covered  by  this  report'  ex- 
tends 220  miles  westward  from  Lake  Ni- 
pigon,  its  average  southern  limit  being 
north  latitude  49  deg.  50  min.  Its  north- 
ern extent  is  Irregular,  in  a  few  places 
reaching  the  Ontario  boundary.  Much 
of  the  information  embraced  in  the  re- 
port is  compiled  from  previous  surveys 
since  18fi9,  and  in  order  to  meet  the  de- 
mand created  by  railway-building  activ- 
ity, this  was  supplemented  by  an  exami- 
nation of  the  country  adjacent  to  the 
transcontinental  railway  route  begun  in 
1906.  The  entire  region  is  glaciated  and 
exhibits  the  usual  uneven,  moderately  low 
relief  characteristic  of  the  .Archean  pen- 
eplain. Lake  Nipigon  is  852  ft.  above 
sea  level;  Lac  Seul,  which  receives  most 
of  the  water  in  the  west,  is  1140  ft., 
while  Chivelston  lake,  just  north  of  Stur- 
geon lake,  is  1425  ft.  The  difference  of 
STS  ft.  between  Chivelston  and  Nipigon 
s  distributed  over  a  distance  of  80  miles. 
The  surface  of  the  peneplain  is  hilly 
ind  exceedingly  irregular  in  configura- 
ion.  With  few  exceptions  the  hills  are 
lare,  rocky  knobs,  less  than  200  ft.  high. 
The  lower  levels  are  occupied  by  lakes 
ind  limited  areas  of  soil.  Water  power  is 
fforded  by  most  of  the  large  streams, 
n  many  cases  within  a  short  distance  of 
he  railway  route.  Since  the  railway  sur- 
eys,  much  has  been  done  to  render  the 
ountry  more  accessible  by  regularly  ap- 
ointed  services  of  power-driven  boats. 
lapid  progress  is  being  made  with  the 
uilding  of   the    line. 

Geology  of  the  District 

A  detailed  description  of  the  geology 
f  the  region  is  given  in  the  report.  With 
le  exception  of  a  small  amount  of  meta- 
lorphosed  sediment  near  Lake  Nipigon. 
le  entire  region  is  underlaid  by  crystal- 
ne  rocks  of  pre-Camhrian  age.  The  old- 
5t  division  includes  what  are  variously 
•rmed  schists,  green  schists,  Keewatin 
"  Huronian.  The  schist  areas  are 
lunded  by  younger  granites  and  gneiss- 
^  which  have  produced  a  contact  meta- 
orphic  zone  of  variable  width,  the  outer 
Ige  of  which  constitutes  a  transition 
me  between  the  schists  and  Laurentian 
lelsses. 

The  gneisses  and  schists  near  Lake 
ipigon  are  overlaid  by  a  series  of  Ke- 
ienawan   sediments,  which   are  capped 

turn  by  a  thick  mantle  of  diabase, 
'le  configuration  of  the  Keewatin  and 
uronian  makes  three  Laurentian  areas 
stinguishable:  A  large  western  area;  a 
Intral  area  traversed  by  Sturgeon  river; 
d  a  large  eastern  area.     These,  how- 

'"A  Opoloclonl  npronnnlssnncp  of  tho  Rpclnn 
iav«>rsprt  In-  ilm  Trnnsrontlnftilnl  rtiillK-nv 
■Iwpcn    I.nkc    Niini;"*    iiiiil    Clnv    r.nkp.    Oii- 

no."        Canadian      Department      of      Mines, 

•nwa. 


ever,  are  not  completely  separate  or  phys- 
ically unlike.  Bedded  deposits  of  ex- 
tensive nature  occur  on  Lac  Seul,  and  an 
extended  clay  area  is  traversed  by  the 
Walrigoon  river  and  its  upper  tributaries. 

Gold  in  Fissure  Veins 

Gold  occurs  in  small  quantities  at 
many  points  in  the  green-schist  areas, 
but  the  deposits  are  seldom  sufficiently 
large  or  rich  to  be  profitably  operated. 
The  most  important  deposits  are  of  the 
true  fissure  type,  which  occur  near  Stur- 
geon lake,  at  the  north  of  which  the 
Keewatin  schists  are  intruded  by  a  body 
of  granite,  the  contact  extending  down 
the  western  side  of  the  large  median 
peninsula.  Various  points  along  this 
contact  have  proved  gold  bearing,  the  best 
known  of  which  is  the  Sturgeon  Lake 
Gold  Mining  Company's  property,  west 
of  Couture  lake,  where  the  shattered  zone 
is  200  ft.  wide.  The  granite,  with  which 
are  associated  a  coarsely  crystalline 
quartz  porphyry  and  dikes  of  coarse 
granite,  bearing  light-colored  mica,  is  tra- 
versed by  a  branching  mass  of  quartz 
veins,  lenses  and  stringers.  Free  gold, 
pyrite,  chalcopyrite,  galena  and  zinc 
blende  are  contained  in  a  gangue  of 
quartz  and  small   amounts  of  calcite. 

Mining  operations  have  been  conducted 
since  1901.  On  East 'and  Northeast  bays 
many  claims  have  been  staked,  and  re- 
cently interest  has  been  directed  to  Bel- 
mont bay.  The  geology  here  is  compli- 
cated by  the  presence  of  numerous  igne- 
ous bodies  cutting  the  schists,  near  which 
auriferous  veins  occur.  Several  claims 
were  located,  test  pits  sunk  and  camp 
buildings  erected.  The  Belmont  Bay 
Mining  Company  was  engaged  in  opera- 
tions for  several  years,  a  shaft  being 
sunk  250  tt.  and  then  abandoned.  Work 
was  afterward  resumed  and  a  three-stamp 
mill  installed.  Little  prospecting  has 
been  done  in  the  Savant  area.  Quartz 
veins  are  abundant  near  Island  lake, 
though  igneous  intrusions  are  not  so 
common  as  on  Sturgeon  lake.  Small 
quartz  veins  bearing  free  gold  were  re- 
ported north  of  Kimmcwin  lake. 

Iron  Ore  Deposits 

Iron  ore  occurs  in  the  Keewatin-Hu- 
ronian  areas.  Where  best  known  this 
formation  is  a  phase  of  the  Huronian 
slate,  in  which  magnetite  is  present  in 
visible  quantities.  The  magnetite  is  in 
parallel  bands  from  a  fraction  of  an  inch 
to  several  feet  wide,  and  appears  at  the 
surface  as  glossy  blue-black  seams  in  the 
dull-colored  slate.  With  the  possible  ex- 
ception of  the  imperfectly  known  Obonga 
area,  all  the  Keewatin-Huron^an  areas 
contain  iron  formation,  the  most  extensive 
occurrence    being    near    Kashaweogama 


lake  in  the  Savant  area.  Iron  formation 
occurs  both  north  nnd  south  of  Kashawe- 
ogama. On  the  north  its  extent  is  little 
known  and  the  observed  exposures  are  of 
no  value.  The  most  important  body  com- 
mences on  the  south  shore  at  the  narrows 
just  northeast  of  Fisher  lake.  It  out- 
crops all  along  the  shore  reaching  nearly 
to  Grebe  lake.  The  range  is  about  four 
miles  long  and  between  one-quarter  and 
one-half  mile  wide.  Other  magnetite 
seams  occur  on  Iron  lake;  on  the  portage 
to  Savant  lake  and  along  the  west  shore 
of  Savant  lake.  These  are  narrow  and 
commercially  valueless.  A  sample  taken 
from  the  narrows  analyzed  by  F.  G.  Wait, 
chief  chemist  of  the  Mines  Department, 
showed  metallic  iron  30.74  per  cent.;  in- 
soluble silicious  residue  55.70  per  cent.; 
titanic  acid,  none.  Another  sample  ana- 
lyzed in  the  laboratory  of  the  Atikokaw 
Mining  Company  yielded  53':-  per  cent. 
metallic  iron.  A  number  of  claims  have 
been  staked  and  some  exploratory  work 
done. 

In  the  Minnitaki  area,  a  lean  iron  form- 
ation partly  altered  to  horneblende  schist 
occurs  near  Sioux  Lookout  on  Pelican 
lake.  Narrow  magnetite  seams  are  visible 
on  the  islet  below  Frog  rapids,  and  more 
extensive  ones  were  noted  on  the  east 
shore  of  Pelican  lake.  A  reported  find  of 
iron  ore  near  Hidden  lake  may  indicate 
the  presence  of  iron  formation  in  that 
vicinity.  Iron  formation  occurs  in  asso- 
ciation with  schist  conglomerate  near  the 
head  of  East  bay  in  the  Sturgeon  lake 
area,  and  iron  pebbles  have  been  found  in 
the  Huronian  congloinerate,  but  nothing 
is  knowm  as  to  the  extent  of  the  deposi<s. 

Pyrite 

Pyrite  is  common  in  the  schists  as  dis- 
seminated grains.  It  often  carries  a  low 
gold  content.  At  one  point  the  Northern 
Light  Mining  Company  began  work  on  a 
vein  at  the  east  end  of  Big  Vermillion 
lake,  where  40  men  were  at  work.  A 
shaft  was  sunk  110  ft.  and  drifting  done 
at  90  ft.  Other  portions  of  the  prop- 
erty have  since  been  explored.  The  de- 
posit occupies  a  well  defined,  nearly  ver- 
tical fissure  in  green  schist  and  sheared 
dioritic  rock.  The  orebody  is  5  ft.  wide 
at  the  surface,  but  underground  opera- 
tions have  revealed  greater  dimensions. 
About  eight  miles  west  of  this  property 
seams  of  pyrite  2  to  6  ft.  wide  have  been 
found  on  the  lake  shore  and  are  said  to 
extend  into  the  lake  and  attain  greater 
thickness.  Some  of  the  Laurentian  peg- 
matite is  sufficiently  coarse  textured  to  af- 
ford possible  sources  for  feldspar  and 
niuscovite.  The  large  stock  on  the  south 
side  of  Gull  lake  yields  muscovite  plates 
up  to  6  in.  diameter  and  feldspars  much, 
larger. 


326 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


Alabama  Operators  Discuss  Coal  Problems 

All    Measures    Tending    to    Prevent  Accidents   Adopted.      Sprinkling, 
Electric    Shot    Firing    and     Hydraulic     Mining    Cartridge     Introduced 


SPECIAL 


CORRESPONDENCE 


At  a  meeting  of  Alabama  operators, 
superintendents,  mine  foremen  and  fire 
bosses,  held  at  East  Lake  Park,  Alabama, 
on  July  30,  many  interesting  papers  were 
read.  E.  H.  Coxe  delivered  a  talk  on 
"Safety  in  Coal  Mines."  Following  is  a 
brief  abstract  of  Mr.  Coxe's  paper: 

The  two  principal  points  which  I  wish 
to  emphasize  are  discipline  and  proper 
inspection,  both  of  which  seem  to  me  to 
be  all  important  for  the  safety  of  our 
underground  employees.  These  two  sub- 
jects go  hand  in  hand.  It  is  too  often 
the  case  that  inspections  are  made  in  a 
perfunctory  manner  by  an  inspector  who 
seems  to  think  that  his  duty  is  done  and 
his  object  accomplished  when  he  walks 
around  and  covers  a  certain  amount  of 
territory  in  a  day.  Such  an  inspection  is 
of  no  benefit.  The  inspector  should  be 
continually  on  the  lookout  for  ways  to 
protect  employees  and  should  be  vested 
with  sufficient  authority  to  correct  such 
evils.  The  mine  foreman  must  realize 
that  he  is  personally  responsible  and  to 
blame  when  any  employee  under  his 
charge  is  killed  or  injured  as  the  result 
of  failure  or  negligence  on  his  part  to 
see  that  proper  precautions  are  taken  to 
force  employees  to  properly  protect  them- 
selves. The  foreman  must  also  instil 
the  same  feeling  of  responsibility  in  his 
assistants. 

Some  foremen  feel  that  if  they  are  too 
rigid  in  their  discipline  they  will  lose 
some  of  their  men  and  reduce  their  out- 
put. Such  men  as  will  be  lost  by  the 
exercise  of  proper,  fair  and  unprejudiced 
discipline  will  be  a  good  riddance,  and 
the  better  class  of  men  will  be  attracted 
by  the  fact  that  proper  and  fair  discipline 
is  exercised.  The  foreman  must  make  all 
men  realize  that  when  instructions  are 
given  they  must  be  obeyed. 

Shot  Firing 

I  want  to  emphasize  the  danger  of  fir- 
ing "skinnen  backs"  or  shots  with  short 
fuses  improperly  tamped.  I  wish  also  to 
say  a  word  about  the  use  of  the  term 
"safety  explosives,"  which  is  an  expres- 
sion frequently  used  in  referring  to  what 
should  be  properly  termed  "permissible 
explosives."  No  explosive  is  safe,  but 
the  explosives  as  listed  by  the  United 
States  Government  as  permissible  explo- 
sives, if  used  within  proper  limits,  which 
in  most  cases  is  in  quantities  not  ex- 
ceeding 2  lb.  to  any  one  shot,  are  much 
safer  explosives  thai)^ either  black  powder 
or  dynamite.  The  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron 
and  Railroad  Company  has  now  equipped 


two  mines  for  firing  all  shots  by  electric- 
ity; this  system  is  being  used  with  great 
success. 

An   Effort  to  Abolish   Explosives 

We  would  probably  have  continued  the 
installation  of  this  system  at  all  our 
mines  but  for  the  fact  that  we  are  now 
arranging  to  equip  one  mine  with  what 
is  known  as  the  hydraulic  mining  cart- 
ridge, with  which  I  believe  a  number  of 
you  are  familiar.  Experiments  with  one 
of  these  machines  seem  to  indicate  that 
the  cartridge  will  be  a  great  success  in 
the  Pratt  seam  of  coal,  and  we  are  there- 
fore equipping  one  mine  to  blast  the 
coal  altogether  with  this  cartridge,  to  de- 
termine whether  it  would  be  commer- 
cially successful  in  that  field;  if  so,  it 
will  eliminate  the  use  of  explosives  for 
shooting  the  coal,  and  possibly  for  shoot- 
ing rock  and  brushing  entries,  although 
as  yet  we  have  made  no  experiments 
along  this  line  and  therefore  cannot  say. 

It  is  to  be  regretted,  however,  that  this 
cartridge  will  only  break  down  coals  of 
a  certain  nature,  and  experiments  in  the 
Blocton  field  demonstrated  to  us  that  the 
cartridge  was  not  suitable  for  that  seam. 
It  is  certainly  to  be  hoped  that  these  cart- 
ridges will  prove  successful  in  many 
seams  of  coal,  and  by  their  means  the 
use  of  explosives  can  be  eliminated  as 
much  as  possible. 

Precautions  Taken  at  Mulga  Mine 

Another  interesting  paper  was  read  by 
Mr.  Fies,  of  the  Birmingham  Coal  and 
Iron  Company.  Mr.  Fies  dealt  with  the 
"Precautions  Taken  at  the  Mulga  Mine." 
Following  is  an  abstract  of  his  paper: 
Mulga  was  the  first  mine  in  the  district 
that  successfully  and  exclusively  used 
permissible  explosives.  Since  the  mine 
has  been  operated  there  has  never  been 
a  pound  of  coal  shot  off  the  solid  and 
there  never  has  been  a  blown-out  shot. 
Shot-firers  were  employed  and  the  rules 
governing  firing  were  stringent.  We  are 
criticized  because  the  record  of  mine 
casualties  in  this  country  as  compared 
10  foreign  countries  is  against  us.  One 
of  the  strongest  reasons  for  this  is  the 
transient  character  of  our  labor.  In 
Europe,  generation  after  generation  work 
in  one  mine,  but  here  in  our  country  it 
is  generally  the  case  that  the  miners  do 
not  remain  in  one  mine  long  enough  to 
learn  how  to  properly  and  economical- 
ly mine  tlte  coal  or  become  familiar  with 
the  top.  The  ignorance  of  the  average 
miner  is  a  serious  i^enace  to  the  safety 


of  the  man  who  knows  his  business.  The 
solution  of  this  problem  is  to  sell  land 
and  build  permanent  homes  for  the  men. 
Before  the  fatal  explosion  at  the  Mul- 
ga mine,  the  workings  were  regularly  jj 
sprinkled  and  the  dust  in  most  places 
was  so  dampened  that  it  could  be  rolled 
into  a  ball.  It  is  also  true  that  at  tne 
time  of  the  accident  the  fan  was  mak- 
ing 52,000  cu.ft.  of  air  per  minute  on 
two  splits  and  was  running  as  slowly  as 
possible.  In  addition  to  the  fan  afford- 
ing ventilation,  air  pipes  were  carried  to 
the  face  of  all  headings.  No  standing 
bodies  of  gas  were  permitted,  nor  were  i 
any  sudden  gushes  experienced.  A  1-  | 
in.  live-steam  line  played  in  the  intake 
continually.  In  spite  of  these  precau- 
tions an  accident  occurred. 

Safety  Lamps  Abolished 

After  the  Mulga  explosion,  many 
changes  were  made,  and  it  may  be  inter- 
esting to  mine  men  generally  to  know 
why  safety  lamps  were  removed  from 
the  mine.  If  I  thought  that  the  majority 
of  this  audience  had  had  the  misfortune 
of  trying  to  operate  a  mine  with  safety 
lamps  in  the  hands  of  men  inexperienced 
in  their  use,  this  portion  of  my  paper 
might  be  omitted,  but  since  Mulga  is 
more  or  less  of  a  pioneer  in  this  field, 
it  may  be  interesting  to  know  why  the 
lamps  were  removed: 

1.  Mulga  does  not  generate  enough 
methane  to  render  mining  with  open 
lamps  dangerous,  provided  the  mine  is 
kept  sufficiently  wet.  The  real  value  of 
a  safety  lamp  begins  only  when  the  ven- 
tilation is  not  efficient  in  the  removal  of 
gas.  I  make  these  statements,  not  from 
hearsay,  but  from  my  own  experience,  as 
I  spent  from  14  to  18  hours  per  day  in 
this  mine  for  a  period  of  three  months. 
I  experimented  carefully  with  the  gas 
and  made  frequent  trips  with  the  fire 
bosses  on  their  early  morning  rounds.  I 
can  sight  no  more  positive  example  than 
this  incident:  The  explosion  at  Mulga 
occurred  at  9,10  p.m.  The  fan  was  op- 
crating  at  ll..^,S  p.m..  though  all  the  air 
w'as  short-circuiting  from  No.  2  to  No.  1 
shaft,  400  ft.  apart.  No  fresh  air  was 
going  into  the  workings,  as  all  brattices 
were  knocked  out.  However,  at  3.40 
a.m.,  6';  hours  after  the  explosion,  the 
superintendent,  without  a  helmet,  accom- 
panied by  a  man  with  a  helmet,  was 
able  to  go  1000  ft.  from  the  shaft,  en- 
countered no  gas  and  would  have  been 
able  to  proceed  further  had  it  not  beer 
for  the  inexperience  of  the  man  with  the 


August  13,  1010. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


327 


helmet.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the 
seam  at  Mulga  is  flat  and  the  dangers  en- 
countered from  large  volumes  of  gas  in 
a  pitching  seam,  as  in  the  Cahaba  field, 
are  never  experienced.  In  .Alabama,  la?t 
year,  21  men  were  injured  from  gas,  six 
fatally  and  15  nonfatally.  None  of  the 
accidents  occurred  at  Mulga. 

2.  A  safety  lamp  in  the  hands  of  in- 
experienced men  or  the  general  run  of 
negroes  is  not  a  safety  lamp.  With  a 
safety  this  type  of  man  is  generally  care- 
less, with  an  open  light  he  is  naturally 
cautious. 

3.  In  a  mine  using  open  lights  and  gen- 
erating a  comparatively  small  amount  of 
marsh  gas,  the  ventilation  is  naturally 
made  efficient;  with  safety  lamps  it  is 
not  as  good. 

4.  In  my  opinion  it  is  absolutely  in- 
congruous to  work  safety  lamps  in  a 
mine  and  permit  the  use  of  electricity  in 
any  form  whatsoever.  Electric  haulage  is 
exclusively  used  at  Mulga,  and  after 
open  lights  were  introduced,  electric  ma- 
chines in  most  instances  replaced  punch- 
ers. By  this  means  the  quality  of  the 
coal  was  improved  and  the  amount  of 
dust  in  the  gob  reduced. 

5.  .Men  working  with  safety  lamps  are 
seriously  handicapped.  When  two  hands 
were  required  to  do  a  piece  of  manual 
labor,  a  second  man  was  always  needed. 
When  trackmen  moved  rail,  requiring 
both  hands  of  each  man,  a  third  man  ^'as 
;;ecessary  to  carry  lamps.  Miners  could 
not  easily  distinguish  coal  from  bone, 
snd  hence  the  quality  of  the  coal  was 
mpaired.  The  distance  between  track 
ind  rib  was  hard  to  gage  and  the  danger 
from    passing    trips    was    increased. 

6.  That  one-fifth  of  the  time  of  men 
vas  spent  in  going  to  the  shaft  bottom  is 
I    conservative     estimate     and     I     have 

nown  many  triflers  to  purposely  injure 
heir  lamps  or  the  lighting  device,  so  as 
0  have  an  excuse  to  go  to  the  shaft  bot- 
om,  where  they  would  slip  out. 


Precautions  after  the  Explosion 

That  the  mine  was  not  sufficiently  wet, 
le  explosion  is,  in  the  opinion  of  many, 
n  evidence.  Regardless  of  how  the  ex- 
losion  originated  or  where  the  point  of 
iception  was,  dust  (much  of  which  was 
ery  damp)  propagated  it.  That  this  is 
ot  impossible  was  recently  demon- 
rated  at  the  Pittsburg  testing  gallery, 
here  fine  dust  containing  20  per  cent, 
cisture  was  exploded.  The  proposition 
len  before  those  interested  in  the  safe- 
i  of  the  mine  was,  naturally,  to  increase 
■^   humidity. 

The  water  lines  were  extended  lo 
I'ery  face  and  the  number  of  sprays  in- 
eased  to  .35,  some  of  which  are  located 
the  air  course.  Four  men  are  em- 
oyed,  whose  sole  duty  is  to  "wash 
iwn"  the  "gob"  and  sprinkle  at  the 
aces." 
In   addition   to   the   above    method    of 


humidifying,  calcium  chloride  or  chloride 
of  lime  is  sprinkled  in  the  gob  in  a  40 
per  cent,  solution,  or  4  to  1  with  water. 
The  characteristic  of  this  chemical  is  that 
it  will  hold  moisture  regardless  of  wheth- 
er the  air  is  saturated  or  not.  We  hope 
by  this  means  to  keep  the  gob  wet. 

It  has  been  my  observation  that  if  a 
seam  of  coal  possesses  a  parting  that 
the  possibilities  of  the  mine  being  dusty 
are  more  likely  than  in  a  clean  seam,  and 
more  particularly  is  this  true  in  a  mine 
using  punchers  with  a  parting  within  16 
in.  from  the  bottom.  The  reason  for  this 
is  that  when  the  miner  or  scraper  sep- 
arates the  coal  from  the  slate,  much  fine 
dust  adheres  to  the  slate  and  is  mixed 
with  it  as  it  is  thrown  into  the  gob.  While 
the  use  of  calcium  chloride  is,  more  or 
less,  in  an  experimental  stage,  I  have 
been  reliably  informed  that  beneficial  re- 
sults have  been  obtained  in  West  Vir- 
ginia. It  is  our  plan  to  establish  humid- 
ity stations  in  the  mine  and  require  the 
fire  boss  to  make  each  morning  humidity 
reports.  Hygrometric  readings  will  be 
taken  at  each  station,  and  this,  together 
with  the  condition  in  regard  to  dryness 
of  the  floor,  ribs,  gob,  etc,  will  be  noted. 
Each  week  the  engineer  makes  out  the 
same  report  and  in  addition  a  general 
humidity  report. 

Electrical  Shooting  from  the  Outside 

It  has  been  our  experience  that  if  a 
man  touched  off  a  small  quantity  of  gas, 
it  was  usually  directly  after  going  into 
his  place  after  shooting.  Besides  elec- 
trical shooting  from  the  outside  being  the 
safest,  it  also,  in  a  great  measure,  elimi- 
nates any  possibility  of  a  man  lighting 
gas  immediately  after  the  shots  are 
fired,  as  in  most  instances  14  hours  elapse 
before  he  returns  to  his  place,  and  two 
fire  bosses  will  have  examined  his  place 
between  4:30  p.m.,  when  he  leaves,  and  7 
a.m.,  when  he  returns. 

The  ventilation  has  been  changed  to 
five  splits.  It  was  interesting  to  note  that 
where  the  fan  had  been  intaking  51,000 
cu.ft.  of  air  per  minute  at  108  revolu- 
tions on  two  splits,  on  five  splits  this  was 
increased  to  80,000  cu.ft.  per  minute  and 
the  speed  of  the  fan  was  not  increased. 
In  addition  to  the  man  in  charge  of 
the  power  house  who  looks  after  the  fan, 
we  have  attached  to  the  fan  shaft  a 
Gardner  governor.  If,  for  any  reason, 
the  fan  stops,  a  bell  rings  in  the  engine 
room,  power  house  and  at  the  boners. 
The  bell  is  tried  twice  daily. 

Four  hundred  feet  of  fire  hose  has 
been  purchased  for  the  shaft,  200  ft.  for 
the  top  and  200  ft.  for  the  bottom.  Fire 
plugs  will  be  stationed  at  each  point. 
In  addition  to  work  in  "first  aid,"  the 
corps  will  be  drilled  for  fire  fighting. 

Mine  Sprays  at  the  Banner  Mine 

Another  interesting  address  w^as  de- 
livered  by  Erskine   Ramsay  in   regard   to 


"Mine  Sprays  at  the  Banner  Mine."  An 
abstract  of  the  address  follows: 

The  Banner  shaft  mine  began  opera- 
tions Oct.  14,  1904,  mining  what  is 
known  as  the  big  seam,  which  averages 
at  this  point  a  total  thickness  of  about  9 
ft.,  having  a  top  coal,  including  some 
slate  of  54  in.,  a  bottom  coal  of  36  in. 
with  a  "middle  man"  of  about  15  in.  The 
coal  is  dry  and  friable,  and  when  ma- 
chine mined  and  shot  with  bituminite, 
only  25  per  cent,  of  it  passes  over  an 
automatically  fed  shaking  screen  having 
perforations  of  2'.;  in.  in  diameter.  The 
daily  output  runs  from  1000  to  1200  tons. 
An  analysis  of  the  coal  shows  about  29 
per  cent,  volatile   matter. 

The  shaft  is  located  near  the  western 
outcrop  where  the  seam  has  a  dip  to  the 
southeast,  or,  in  other  words,  into  the 
field  of  about  3  per  cent.  With  this  dip 
and  with  the  working  places  extending 
into  the  fields  the  mine  water  drains 
toward  the  face  of  the  slope  and  away 
from  the  older  workings,  thus  causing 
them  to  become  dry  and  dusty  in  many 
places.  Mine  cars  without  end  gates 
have  been  installed,  resulting  in  a  mini- 
mum of  coal  being  spilled  on  the  road- 
ways, and,  as  electric  locomotives  are 
used  on  the  main  haulages,  there  is  not 
as  much  dust  produced  from  this  source 
as  where  the  mule  haulage  is  in  vogue. 

Until  1906  the  coal  was  mainly  shot 
on  the  solid  with  3F  black  powder.  From 
then  until  Sept.,  1908,  varying  proportions 
w^ere  machine  mined.  Since  1908  prac- 
tically all  coal  in  .headings,  air  courses 
and  rooms  has  been  machine  mined.  All 
of  the  undercutting  is  done  with  Sul- 
livan longwall  machines,  making  a  cut  of 
5K>  ft.  in  depth  by  about  5  in.  In  mak- 
ing such  a  cut  in  rooms  42  ft.  wide,  about 
8000  lb.  of  slack  coal  is  produced,  part  of 
which  is  very  fine  and  calculated  to  go  a 
long  ways  toward  supplying  the  mine 
and  ventilation  with  the  troublesome  and 
dangerous  mine  dust.  The  fine  coal  is 
loaded  out  along  with  the  other  coal. 

As  the  mine  grew  in  extent  and  under 
the  conditions  stated  it  was  found  that 
some  of  the  workings  contained  dust  in 
such  an  amount  as  to  demand  that  it 
be  handled  in  some  way  that  would  re- 
move as  far  as  possible  the  danger  from 
explosions.  The  mine  itself  gives  off 
some  gas,  but  not  in  sufficient  quantities 
to  make  it  dangerous,  from  this  source 
alone,  with  proper  ventilation.  No  safety 
lamps  are  used  except  by  the  fire  boss. 
It  is  well  established  that  a  small  amount 
of  gas  in  the  air  of  a  mine  becomes  dan- 
gerous when  considerable  mine  dust  is 
present.  With  these  conditions  it  was  nec- 
essary to  do  away  with  the  danger,  and,  at 
first,  pipe  lines  were  laid  to  such  por- 
tions of  the  mine  as  were  dry  and  con- 
tained dust.,  Tees  were  provided  at  fre- 
quent intervals  in  these  pipe  lines,  so 
that  hose  pipes  could  be  connected,  and 
such  dangerous  places,  including  rooms, 


328 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


were  watered  sufficiently  to  dampen  and 
lay  the  dust.  At  least  this  was  at- 
tempted. 

Moistening  Sprays  Installed 

While  this  plan  did  much  good,  it 
was  not  found  to  be  sufficiently  effective, 
and  especially  as  the  watering  process 
with  the  hose  pipes  was  not  attended  to 
with  sufficient  regularity.  The  watering 
with  the  hose  was  supposed  to  be  done 
at  least  once  a  week,  but  in  many  cases 
it  was  found  not  done  thoroughly.  The 
pipe  lines  supplying  water  for  the  hose 
pipes  were  connected  with  the  mine 
pump,  used  in  irnvatering  the  mine,  and 
which  discharged  against  a  head  of 
about  150  feet.  After  finding  by  experi- 
ence that  this  plan  of  taking  care  of  the 
dust  was  not  effective  and  that  the  hose 
proposition  by  itself  was  not  what  the 
conditions  demanded,  a  few  sprays  made 
by  the  American  Moistening  Company,  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  were  brought  into  service 
and  the  number  increased  from  time  to 
time  until  there  are  at  present  31  in- 
stalled. 

For  some  time  the  water  supplying 
the  sprays  was  furnished  by  the  mine 
pump,  previously  mentioned,  but  trouble 
developed  in  the  fact  that  the  fine  sedi- 
ment taken  up  by  the  pump  from  the 
dump  and  forced  through  pipes  to  the 
sprays  lodged  in  the  small  spray  out- 
lets and  clogged  them  up.  To  get  around 
this  trouble  the  connection  to  the  mine 
pump  was  abandoned  and  instead  one 
was  made  to  the  reservoir  located  on 
the  outside  and  near  the  shaft.  At  the 
present  all  of  the  water  used  in  the 
sprays  comes  from  the  reservoir,  which 
is  supplied  from  the  Warrior  river,  and 
no  trouble  has  been  experienced  since 
with  the  ^sprays  clogging  up.  While 
it  adds  somewhat  to  the  expense  as  more 
pumping  must  be  done  from  the  river  to 
the  reservoir  and  from  the  mine  to  day- 
light, there  is  some  recompense  for  this 
in  the  fact  that  the  pipe  lines  and  noz- 
zles should  last  longer,  as  the  same  cor- 
rosive action  will  not  exist.  Sprays  con- 
nected with  the  reservoir  also  have  the 
additional  advantage  of  receiving  a  much 
more  uniform  and  constant  supply  than 
is  the  case  where  connection  is  made  to 
the  mine  pump. 

At  the  time  we  experienced  the  trou- 
ble with  the  sprays  clogging  up  when 
supplied  with  water  from  the  mine  pump 
the  question  was  gone  into  somewhat 
of  installing  a  filter  in  the  mine,  draw- 
ing its  supply  from  the  mine  putnp  and 
designed  to  take  out  the  troublesome 
sediment.  It  is  believed  that  an  arrange- 
ment which  would  do  this  effectively 
would  be  installed  without  great  expense 
and  would  result  in  some  saving  in  the 
cost  of  pumping. 

Location  of  the  Sprays 

The  sprays  are  located  in  the  air- 
ways at  various  points  leading   from  the 


main  air  inlet  to  the  working  places. 
Usually  no  sprays  are  located  in  the 
air  current  after  it  leaves  the  working 
places.  The  split  system  of  ventilation 
is  in  operation,  and  each  room  heading 
is  given  as  a  rule  its  own  separate  cur- 
rent of  air.  Each  heading  is  supplied 
with  a  water  line  of  1'4  in.  in 
diameter  with  connections  at  intervals 
as  seem  necessary  for  the  sprays,  and  at 
points  between  the  sprays  hose  con- 
nections are  provided  so  that  a  hose 
may  be  used  in  sprinkling  or  for  fighting 
a  fire.  These  room  headings  will  have 
an  ultimate  length  of  approximately 
3500  ft.,  and  it  is  thought  the  1'4-in- 
pipe  lines  with  the  pressure  derived  from 
the  reservoir,  of  about  135  lb.,  will  be 
sufficient  to  supply  as  many  sprays  and 
hose  connections  as  will  be  required. 

Fewer  Sprays   Needed   in    Warm   Wea- 
ther 

The  pipe  lines  are  located  in  the  room 
headings  and  not  in  the  air  courses,  for 
the  reason  that  the  air  is  taken  into 
the  headings  and  out  the  air  courses. 
With  the  sprays  located  in  the  headings 
the  tracks  and  walls  are  kept  moist,  and 
there  is  no  danger  of  passing  trips  stir- 
ring up  dust.  As  a  general  proposition, 
it  is  found  that  the  cross-entries  do 
not  get  dusty  until  they  have  been  driven 
in  quite  a  distance  and  the  coal  has  had 
time  to  drain  or  dry  out.  As  soon  as 
necessary  the  sprays  are  installed  in  the 
various  headings.  The  sprays  are  kept 
in  operation  in  cold  weather  continuously 
day  and  night,  and  do  not  require 
much  attention.  At  the  preset  time, 
however,  it  should  be  stated  that  with 
our  July  weather  the  same  necessity  for 
spraying  does  not  exist,  and,  as  a  conse- 
qence,  only  10  sprays  out  of  a  total  of 
31  are  operating.  When  the  cold  weather 
comes  and  the  air  is  drinking  up  all  the 
moisture  in  sight,  the  other  idle  sprays 
will  be  turned  on  and  even  more  will 
probably  be  installed. 

It  is  due  to  the  well  known  fact  of 
air  in  cold  weather  containing  less  mois- 
ture than  in  summer  that  we  find  more 
explosions  occur  in  winter  than  in  warm- 
er weather.  It  should  be  the  purpose 
of  any  moistening  system  to  supply  the 
air  entering  a  mine  after  it  conforms  to 
the  same  temperature  as  the  mine,  with 
all  the  water  it  will  take  up.  .We  have 
noticed  how  in  the  winter  a  mine  dries 
up,  beginning  at  the  inlet  and  extend- 
ing just  as  fast  into  the  workings  as 
the  air  is  able  to  absorb  the  moisture. 
When  the  outside  air  is  warmer  than 
the  air  in  the  mine,  there  is  no  necessity 
for  attempting  to  aid  moisture  to  the 
air  current.  When  cold  air  enters  a 
mine  it  becomes  warmer,  thus  increasing 
its  capacity  to  contain  moisture,  and, 
following  the  laws  of  nature,  it  acts  ac- 
cordingly, and  takes  up  moisture  wher- 
ever it  finds  it. 


It   Is  Thought   Advisable   to   Dam   Up 
the  Airways 

A  thirsty  mine  atmosphere  will  take 
up  moisture  from  pools  of  water  as  well 
as  from  any  dampness  which  may  be  on 
the  walls  or  in  gob  of  places  traversed 
by  the  air,  and  with  this  fact  in  view  it 
has  been  thought  at  Banner  that  it  would 
be  well  to  dam  up  the  airways,  where 
they  are  not  traveled,  with  frequent, 
small  and  temporary  dams,  the  water 
from  one  dam  overflowing  into  the  next 
one  below.  With  this  arrangement  it 
would  be  possible  in  many  places  to 
convert  the  floor  of  the  airway  into  a 
more  or  less  continuous  sheet  of  water.  It 
might  also  be  arranged,  as  the  rooms 
drive  up  from  one  heading  into  the  air 
course  of  the  heading  above,  to  let  these 
rooms  tap  some  of  the  air-course  wa- 
ter and  allow  it  to  flow  through  the 
rooms  and  dampen  any  dust  lying  on 
the  floors.  Of  course,  this  would  not  be 
as  good  as  keeping  the  floor  dampened 
while  the  rooms  are  driving  up,  but, 
no  doubt,  there  would  be  some  advantage 
in  keeping  any  part  of  the  mine  floor 
moist  rather  than  otherwise. 

Miners  Are  Not  Seriously  Affected  by 
the  Dampness 

In  some  mines  in  foreign  countries  the 
moistening  of  the  air  has  caused  serious 
sickness  with  the  miners,  but  in  such 
mines  the  temperature  is  much  higher 
than  in  Alabama,  and  for  this  reason 
trouble  of  this  kind  is  certain  to  be 
much  less  here,  if  not  absent  entirely. 
The  doctor  at  Banner  mines  states  he 
has  found  no  trouble  from  this  cause, 
although  at  first  some  little  complaint 
was  made  on  account  of  the  dampness. 

The  amount  of  water  an  air  current 
will  take  out  of  a  mine  in  cold  weather 
is  surprising  and  startling.  At  Banner 
the  ventilating  current  amounts  to  200,- 
000  cu.ft.  per  minute,  and  for  the 
purpose  of  calculation  the  inlet  and  out- 
let will  be  considered  of  equal  volume. 
From  the  tables  it  is  found  that  this 
volume  of  air  when  thoroughly  saturated 
and  at  a  temperature  of  40  deg.  F.  will- 
carry  into  the  mine  in  24  hours  about 
14,000  gal.  of  water  in  the  shape  of 
moisture.  The  same  current,  heated  to 
the  temperature  of  the  mine,  say  65  deg. 
F.,  will  carry  out  of  the  mine  about  34,000 
gal.,  thus  robbing  the  mine  of  20,000  gal. 
each  24  hours.  Unless  the  mine  is  to  be 
dried  out  and  become  dusty,  this  moisture 
must  be  supplied  to  the  air  current  from 
steam  jets,  pools  of  water,  hose,  sprays 
or  other  means. 

At  Banner  it  is  sought  to  supply  by 
sprays  at  least  a  part  of  this  loss.  The 
31  sprays  now  installed  will  deliver  about 
30  gal.  per  hour  and  with  all  of  them 
working,  a  total  of  over  22,000  gal.  would 
be  delivered  during  each  24  hours  or  a 
little  more  than  is  taken  out  by  the  cur- 
rent. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


329 


Electrification  of  Mines 

Another  valuable  paper  was  contrib- 
uted by  Morris  Bush,  of  the  Woodward 
Iron  Company.  Mr.  Bush  discussed  th'? 
"Electrification  of  Mines."  An  abstract 
01  his  paper  follows: 

The  No.  1  Dolomite  mine  was  opened 
in  1882  by  the  Woodward  Iron  Company, 
the  No.  2  mine  about  two  years  later. 
Both  of  these  mines  have  been  operated 
continuously  since  then,  except  for 
slight  interruptions  caused  by  strikes. 
The  output  has  been  steadily  increased 
until  now  for  several  years  an  output 
of  1000  tons  per  day  for  each  mine  has 
been  maintained.  The  face  of  the  coal 
was  necessarily  rapidly  driven  aw'ay  from 
the  mouth  of  the  slopes  until  now  the 
bottoms  of  the  slopes  are  about  three 
miles  from  the  tipples.  As  the  develop- 
inents  in  electricity  had  been  so  rapid 
and  electric  machinery  had  been  so  much 
simplified  it  was  decided  to  introduce 
electric  haulage  and,  at  the  same  time. 
to  avoid  a  double  power  system  to  also 
ventilate  and  pump  the  mines  by  elec- 
tricity. 

For  economy's  sake  the  central  power 
station  was  located  at  the  furnaces  and 
the  steam  is  furnished  from  the  furnace 
boilers  generated  by  waste  of  gases  from 
the  furnaces.  Alternating  current  of  3300 
volts.  3  phase,  0.125  cycle  is  generated 
and  transmitted  nearly  three  miles  to 
Dolomite.  For  supplying  the  direct  cur- 
rent to  the  electric  locomotives,  rather 
an  innovation  was  introduced  in  the  loca- 
tion of  the  substations.  It  was  not  fea- 
sible to  locate  the  station  outside,  owing 
to  the  distance  necessary  to  transmit  the 
current,  the  loss  and  high  copper  cost. 
It  was  not  considered  desirable  to  locate 
the  station  above  the  workings  and  drop 
the  line  through  a  bored  hole,  because  the 
Station  would  have  been  located  about 
2'j  miles  from  the  railroad  and  in  some 
of  the  roughest  country  in  Jefferson 
county.  It  would  have  been  very  difficult 
to  reach  to  make  necessary  repairs.  It 
was  therefore  determined  to  shoot  out  a 
chamber  in  each  mine  and  place  the  ro- 
tary converters  underground.  The  3000- 
volt  current  is  taken  down  the  slopes  in 
a  three-conductor  cable,  thoroughly  insu- 
lated and  steel  armored.  It  is  suspended 
from  the  roof  out  of  reach  of  cars  and 
men.  In  addition  to  these  cable  feeds, 
:here  is  an  overground  line  running  to  the 
fan  shaft  and  then  down  to  the  con- 
v'erters.  Thus  there  is  a  loop  supply 
/■hich  will  run  the  mines  in  case  a  fall  of 
ock  should  disable  the  cable,  or  a  storm 
'ut  out  of  business  the  outside  line. 

Haulage  Equipment 

In  the  No.  1  mine  are  four  six-ton  lo- 
I'Oniotives  and  one  eight-ton  slope  motor; 
|n  No.  2,  four  sixes  and  a   10-ton.     Any 

our  of  these  will  keep   up  the  output. 

"aking  it  as  a  fact,  tliough,  it  is  seldom 
;ecognized,   I   am   sorry  to  say,  by  most 


mine  superintendents  that  a  track  under- 
ground should  be  as  good  as  a  track  out- 
side. All  of  the  mine  tracks  were  re- 
built for  the  electric  haulage.  Sixty- 
pound  rails  were  put  on  the  slopes  and 
30-pound  on  the  headings.  It  is  possible 
for  the  slope  motors  to  pull  their  full 
tonnage  and  maintain  when  necessary  a 
speed  of  25  to  30  miles  per  hour.  Thus 
it  is  now  possible  to  handle  60  per  cent, 
more  coal  with  1)  locomotives,  10  motor- 
men  and  10  switchmen,  than  was  possible 
with  70  mules  and  a  host  of  drivers. 

Of  course  the  haulage  was  the  most 
vital  point  in  our  conditions,  but  scarcely 
less  important  was  the  matter  of  drain- 
age. We  have  to  drain  more  than  2500 
acres  of  worked-out  territory.  The  sys- 
tem used  is  a  number  of  small  geared 
pumps,  throwing  the  local  drainage  to  t 
central  pumping  st.ition  consisting  of  two 
triplex  geared  pumps  of  a  capacity  of 
750  gal.  each  per  minute,  discharging 
through  4000  ft.  of  14-in.  main  against  a 
vertical  head  of  635  feet. 

Our  ventilating  problem  has  been  won- 
derfully simplified  by  the  introduction 
of  electricity.  Instead  of  the  old  paddle- 
wheel  fan  of  slow  speed,  which  took  oc- 
casion periodically  to  shed  some  of  its 
arms,  it  was  possible  to  use  the  compact 
high-speed  fan,  mounted  directly  on  the 
motor  shaft.  The  Dolomite  mines  are 
ventilated  by  a  large  fan  located  at  the 
top  of  air  shaft  in  No.  2  mine,  assisted  by 
a  small  booster  fan  in  No.  1. 

Preliminary  Trials  with  Hydraulic 
Cartridge  Satisfactory 

Another  great  convenience  in  having 
electricity  is  the  possibility  of  introducing 
the  electric  coal  cutters.  The  art  of 
pick  mining  is  rapidly  being  lost  and 
the  miner  with  dynamite,  shooting  on 
the  solid,  is  abroad  in  the  land,  menacing 
the  mines  and  miners.  We  find  the  coal 
cutters  of  immense  advantage,  particu- 
larly where  the  coal  has  any  partings 
that  would  be  shot  up  and  mixed  with  the 
coal.  If  our  further  experiments  are  as 
satisfactory  as  the  preliitiinary  trials  we 
hope  behind  the  machines  to  use  a  small 
electric  drill  and  hydraulic  cartridges, 
thus  doing  away  with  explosives  in  a 
large  part  of  the  mines. 

Now,  as  to  some  of  the  small  conven- 
iences of  having  electricity  readily  avail- 
able at  all  parts  of  the  mine:  It  is  the 
work  of  only  a  few  minutes  with  a  port- 
able pump  to  unwater  any  local  sag  that 
may  give  trouble.  It  is  of  immense  ad- 
vantage in  preventing  accidents  and  de- 
lays to  have  all  concentrating  yards  thor- 
oughly lighted  and  all  main  turnout 
switches  to  show  automatically  whether 
the  switch  is  open  or  closed.  There  is 
also  the  convenience  of  doing  away  with 
the  expensive  and  troublesome  storage 
batteries  for  signaling  and  instead  tap  the 
main  transmuision  line  with  a  low-voltaee 
bell-ringing  transformer.  Frequently  if 
is   of  considerable   advantage   to   use    in 


a  long,  tight  heading  a  small,  self-con- 
tained portable  fan.  These  can  be  carried 
around  on  a  truck  and  set  off  at  any  de- 
sired point. 

Advantages  of  Electricity 

To  sum  up  briefly  the  advantages  of 
electricity  in  our  Dolomite  operations: 
In  the  No.  1  mine  the  locomotives  de- 
liver to  an  endless  rope,  driven  by  a 
variable-speed  alternating-current  motor, 
3300  volts.  This  was  considered  at  the 
time  more  or  less  of  an  experiment  in 
variable  speeds,  as  the  motor  was  so 
large  and  the  voltage  high.  The  operation, 
however,  has  been  absolutely  satisfactory, 
and  we  now  have  at  the  ore  mines  a  hoist 
six  times  larger,  same  voltage  and  va- 
riable speed,  working  splendidly.  In  No. 
2  mine  the  coal  is  delivered  to  an  endless 
rope  9000  ft.  long  and  1  ■  j  in.  in  diameter 
and  taken  out  to  the  top  house.  This 
system  results  in  ( 1 )  making  available 
at  economical  cost  distant  coal;  (2)  bet- 
ter air  and  sanitation  by  taking  out 
mules;  (3)  economical  distribution  of 
a  very  flexible  and  efficient  power  at 
small  cost,  available  at  all  parts  of  the 
mine   for  all   kinds  of  work. 


The   Coal  Deposits  in  Texas 

Special  Correspondence 

It  is  estimated  that  the  known  deposits 
of  coal  in  the  State  of  Texas  aggregate 
approximately  8,000,000,000  tons,  and  of 
lignite  23.000,000,000  tons.  This  is  suffi- 
cient fuel  to  keep  Texas  supplied  for 
3000  years  at  a  rate  of  10,000,000  tons 
production  per  annum.  During  the  year 
1909  the  coal  production  in  Texas  was 
1,144,108  tons,  valued  at  $2,714,630.  The 
production  of  lignite  in  the  same  year 
was  715,151  tons,  valued  at  $592,421.  It 
will  be  years  before  the  production  of 
coal  and  lignite  in  the  State  will  aggre- 
gate 10.000.000  tons  per  annum.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  domestic  fuel  that  is  used, 
large  importations  of  coal  are  made  from 
Oklahoma  and  Alabama.  The  lack  of 
railroad  facilities  is  the  greatest  factor 
preventing  a  more  rapid  development  of 
the  Texas  coalfields.  There  are  two  coal- 
producing  districts  in  the  State,  one  in 
the  northern  counties  of  Palo  Pinto, 
Parker,  Wise  and  Young,  and  the  other 
in  the  southwestern  counties  of  Maverick 
and  Webb.  The  lignite  production  area 
includes  the  counties  of  Bastrop.  Fayette. 
Hopkins,  Houston,  Leon,  Medina,  Milan, 
Robertson  and  Wood.  It  is  the  belief  of 
geologists  that  the  coal  belt  in  the  south- 
western part  of  the  State  extends  for  a 
great  distance  along  the  Rio  Grande. 
There  is  an  enormous  territory  in  which 
no  exploration  has  been  made. 


A  phosphate-rock  region  has  recently 
been  recognized  in  northern  Alexico  and 
will  be  the  subject  of  further  investiga- 
tion. 


330 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


Rescue  Station  in  Alabama 


After  spending  several  days  in  Birm- 
ingham and  the  immediate  district,  look- 
ing over  the  situation  and  viewing  the 
sites  suitable  for  a  mine  rescue  station, 
H.  M.  Wilson,  technologist,  from  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey,  Bureau 
of  Mines,  at  Washington,  has  returned 
to  his  headquarters  and  will  in  the  next 
few  days  make  a  recommendation.  The 
construction  of  the  rescue  station  in  the 
Alabama  district  is  just  a  short  while  re- 
moved now. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  shown  every  attention 
during  his  stay  in  the  Birmingham  district 
by  the  Alabama  coal  i,perators,  and  the 
chief  State  mine  inspector,  James  Hill- 
house,  gave  him  much  assistance  in  look- 
ing over  the  various  sites  suitable  for  the 
station.  As  has  been  stated  before, 
the  Government  is  putting  up  three  res- 
cue stations  immediately  in  mining  sec- 
tions, putting  in  men  and  apparatus  to 
be  available  in  time  of  accident. 


COLLIERY- NOTES  ^ 


A  conveyer  system  is  to  be  built  by  the 
Plymouth  Coal  Company,  Wilkes-Barre, 
Penn.,  from  the  culm  pile  at  the  river, 
near  the  Dodson  colliery  to  the  opening 
in  the  Dodson  mines  for  the  purpose  of 
flushing  the  abandoned  portions  of  the 
mine  with  culm,  thus  affording  protection 
to  the  mine  property  and  the  surface. 

There  were  2412  coal  mine  fatalities  in 
the  United  States  in  1909,  which  compare 
with  2450  fatalities  in  1908.  This  de- 
crease in  coal-mine  fatalities  occurred 
notwithstanding  an  increase  of  10  per 
cent,  in  the  quantity  of  coal  mined.  The 
blackest  of  recent  years  was  1907,  when 
3125  men  were  killed. 

A  good  working  knowledge  of  geology 
is  quite  necessary  in  the  development  of 
a  coal  seam  where  faults  occur.  When 
a  fault  occurs  in  a  seam  and  lies  at  right 
angles  to  the  bedding  plane,  it  is  often 
difficult  upon  encountering  such  a  dislo- 
cation to  determine  whether  the  coal  lies 
above  or  below.  If  the  seam  lies  level, 
about  the  only  thing  to  do  is  to  go 
through  the  fault  and  then  attempt  to 
recognize  the  strata  as  being  above  or  be- 
low the  coal.  If  this  method  fails,  the 
only  alternative  is  to  bore  both  ways. 
This  occurrence,  however,  is  rare,  as 
faults  do  not  often  occur  in  horizontal 
seams.  The  greatest  problem  arises  when 
the  coal  is  pitching  and  an  entry  en- 
counters a  fault.  In  this  case  if  the  coal 
is  dipping  to  the  fault,  it  is  customary  to 
treat  the  fault  as  an  upthrow.  If  the 
coal  rises  to  the  fault,  we  should  treat 
it  as  a  downthrow.  In  this  connection,  it 
should  be  remembered  that  it  is  the  in- 
clination of  the  fault  from  the  vertical 
and  not  its  inclination  as  regards  the 
seam  itself,  that  determines  whether  it  is 
an  upthrow  or  downthrow. 


Schuetze's  Automatic  Acid  Elevator 

By  A.  Innerhofer* 

The  accompanying  figure  illustrates  a 

new  patented  automatic  acid  elevator-in 
which  the  valve  gear  is  actuated  by  an 
electromagnet.  By  this  arrangement  all 
floats  and  bells  in  the  interior  of  the  acid 
egg  are  dispensed  with.  The  egg  con- 
tains no  movable  parts,  but  only  a  set  of 
contacts,  which  pass  through  a  stuffing 
box  and  are  insulated  from  the  metallic 
egg. 

Method  of  Operation 

The  working  of  the  apparatus  is  as  fol- 
lows:    The    liquid    is    admitted    by    the 


The  Engineering  $  Mining  Journal 

Schuetze's    Automatic   Acid    Elevator 

valve  /  and  first  reaches  the  outer  contact 
tube  A.  When  the  egg  is  completely 
filled  the  liquid  reaches  the  external  con- 
tact C  and  completes  an  electric  circuit. 
The  electromagnet  now  becomes  active 
and  lifts  the  air  inlet  valve  D.  Com- 
pressed air  is  admitted,  which  closes  the 
exhaust  valve  E  and  forces  the  liquid  out 
of  the  egg  into  the  rising  main.  As  soon 
as  the  level  of  the  liquid  sinks  below  the 
edge  of  the  contact  tube  A  the  circuit  is 
opened  and  the  electromagnet  releases 
the  inlet  valve,  which  closes  and  cuts  off 
the  supply  of  compressed  air.  The  rest 
of  the  liquid  and  the  air  contained  in 
the  egg  escape  through  the  rising  main. 
The  exhaust  valve  £,  which  is  slightly 
loaded  by  a  weight  G.  opens  and  the 
egg  again  begins  to  fill. 

•CiiTisiiKIn;;  iMiciiM'.M-,  .".(i  cliiircli  sli'oet,  Now 
York. 


Arrangement  of  Contacts 
The  simplicity  of  the  apparatus  and  its 
absolute  reliability  in  action  are  obvious. 
There  are  no  floats,  which  must  always 
be  adapted  to  a  certain  specific  gravity 
and  cause  occasional  trouble  by  sticking 
in  even  the  best  designed  apparatus.  The 
valve  gear  is  connected  to  the  egg  only  by 
two  wires  and  may,  therefore,  be  placed 
in  any  convenient  position.  Existing  acid 
eggs  may  be  transformed  into  automatic 
ones  simply  by  the  addition  of  the  valve 
gear  and  the  insertion  of  the  contacts. 
The  latter,  as  well  as  the  egg  itself,  can 
easily  be  made  of  material  suitable  for 
any  liquid. 


Iron  Industry  in  Brazil 


United  States  Consul-General  G.  E. 
Anderson,  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  reports 
that  the  Brazilian  government  has  for- 
nmlated  the  following  general  rules  for 
concessions  for  operating  iron  mines  and 
establishing  iron  works: 

Consideration  has  been  given  to  several 
proposals  which  have  been  made  to  the 
government  for  the  establishment  of  the 
iron  industry,  and  it  has  been  decided  to 
make  general  provisions  relative  thereto. 
To  establishments  which  shall  undertake 
to  operate  furnaces  for  the  smelting  of 
iron  ore,  with  facilities  for  the  reduction 
and  refining  of  the  same  and  machinery 
adapter"  to  production  of  plates,  rods 
and  various  iron  and  steel  products,  the 
following  concessions  will  be  granted, 
with  special  privilege  to  none:  Reduc- 
tion of  fre'ght  rates  on  Federal  railroads 
for  raw  and  manufactured  products  on 
the  following  bases:  Coal,  coke  and  other 
materials  destined  for  use  in  ore  reduc- 
tion and  iron  working  shall  pay  8  reis 
per  ton-kilometer,  or  about  0.4c.  per  ton- 
mile;  pig  iron  in  bars  and  ingots  shall 
pay  12  reis  per  ton-kilometer,  or  about 
0.6c.  per  ton-mile;  iron  or  steel  in  a 
manufactured  or  partially  manufactured 
state  shall  he  given  a  rate  of  14  reis  per 
ton-kilometer,  or  about  0.7c.  per  ton- 
mile;  exemption  from  consumption  taxes 
and  charges  for  despatching  through  cus- 
toms for  all  machinery  and  apparatus 
and  for  necessary  materials  for  use  in 
such  establishments;  privilege  of  con- 
structing quays,  bridges,  docks,  and  other 
apparatus  necessary  for  the  handling  of 
ore  and  other  material  going  to  or  from 
the  establishments;  reduction  of  dock 
charges  for  ore  and  coal;  privileges  for 
building  connecting  spurs  or  switches 
from  the  mines  or  furnaces  to  any  Fed- 
eral railroad;  and  special  faci''ties  for 
the  transfer  of  materials  in  transit  from 
a  railroad  of  one  gage  to  one  of  another. 

The  government  claims  the  right  to  in- 
sist upon  the  installation  of  special 
equipment  for  supplying  armament  and 
naval  equipment  and  to  fiscalize  the  es- 
tablishments temporarily.  Time  limits 
for  fhe  installation  and  equipment  of 
these  establishments  will  be  set. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


331 


i      PERSO  NAL      i 


Miniiij;  and   nn'lalliirirical   eu;;iiioers  ace  In- 

VlU'd    ll)    kiop    TlTK     r.MMNKKKlN';    AMI     MiMSc: 

.lul'iiNAi.    hirorint>(i    nf     tlK'ir    luuvt'iuenls    and 
appointiufnts. 


Prof.  H.  E.  T.  Haultain  has  opened  an 
office   in   Toronto. 

Fred  T.  Williams,  of  Park  City,  Utah, 
is  in  Idaho  on  professional  business. 

S.  R.  Heakes.  manager  of  the  Kerr 
Lake  and  Wetlauffer  mines  at  Cobalt. 
Ont.,  is  in  New  York. 

Prof.  J.  J.  Brown.  Jr.,  of  the  Oklahoni.i 
School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  is  in 
Sonora,  Mexico,  making  an  examination 
of  mines. 

Stanly  A.  Easton,  of  the  Bunker  Hill 
&  Sullivan  Company.  Kellogg,  Idaho,  has 
returned  from  a  trip  to  Douglas  Island, 
Alaska. 

O.  Gmehling  retired  in  May  from  his 
position  at  Guayacan.  Chile,  and  has 
gone  to  Germany,  where  he  will  reside  at 
Pegnitz,  Bavaria. 

S.  N.  Graham,  formerly  manager  of 
El  Favor  mines,  .[alisco.  Mexico,  has 
been  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
Provincial  mine.  Cobalt,  Ontario. 

Edwin  Higgins  has  returned  to  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  after  an  extended  profes- 
sional trip,  during  which  he  made  a  num- 
ber of  examinations  in  the  Butte  district. 

C.  A.  Durkee  and  C.  M.  Clarke,  of 
Clifton  Springs,  N.  Y..  have  returned 
from  an  investigation  of  the  Minnehaha 
goid  mine,  Manitou  Lake  district,  On- 
t»tio. 

Vt'illiam  Wilkins,  heretofore  manager  at 
Ashland,  Wis.,  for  the  Lake  Superior  Iron 
and  Chemical  Company,  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  the  main  offices  of  the  company 
a;  Detroit. 

W.  Spencer  Hutchinson  has  just  re- 
turned from  a  tour  of  inspection  to  Vul- 
ture Mines  in  Arizona  and  other  prop- 
erties operating  under  his  direction  in 
Alexico. 

T.  Evans,  formerly  purchasing  agent 
for  the  Cananea  Copper  Company,  has 
been  appointed  manager  of  the  Mine  and 
Smelter  Supply  Company's  branch  offiC'. 
at  Denver. 

Rowland  Lea,  manager  of  the  Nevad.i 
Copper  Hills  Mining  Company,  Lunin,-?. 
Nev.,  who  has  been  in  New  York  for 
isome  time,  will  return  to  Nevada  early  in 
September. 

Harry  Sanderson  Mullikcn,  for  the  past 
'five  years  in  charge  of  the  smelting  oper- 
itions  of  the  Petioles  Company  at  Mapiini, 
jMexico,  is  in  New  York  on  a  combined 
■'iisiness  and  pleasure  trip. 

Frank  W.  Hopkins,  of  the  Mill  and 
pmelter  Engineering  Company,  New  York, 
eft  this  week  for  an  extensive  trip,  and 


will   superintend   the   installation  of  sev- 
eral  plants  of  machinery. 

A.  C.  Dart  has  resigned  his  position  c.s 
head  of  the  Department  of  Mining  in  the 
University  of  Wyoming,  at  Laramie,  to 
take  the  general  management  of  the 
Rambler  Copper  and  Platinuin  Company. 

W.  R.  Wardner  has  resigned  his  posi- 
tion as  general  manager  of  the  Golden 
Star  Mines  Company,  Polaris,  Arizona, 
to  engage  in  practise  as  a  mining  engi- 
neer, with  office  in  the  Bradbury  building. 
Los  Angeles.  California. 

Andrew  Bryden,  for  years  superinten- 
dent of  the  Dunsmuirs'  Extension  col- 
liery, on  Vancouver  island,  B.  C,  has 
been  appointed  superintendent  for  the 
Coal  Hill  syndicate,  to  open  new  coal 
mines  in  Nicola  Valley,  British  Colum- 
bia. 

Thomas  L.  Livermore  retires  from  hi; 
position  as  vice-president  of  the  Calumet 
&  Hecla  Company  at  the  annual  meeting 
this  week.  He  has  been  with  the  com- 
pany 21  years.  Col.  Livermore  also  re- 
tires as  chairman  of  the  Copper  Produc- 
ers' Association. 

S.  J.  Lewis,  who  has  been  making  geo- 
logic studies  and  directing  development 
work  for  the  Cinco  Minas,  in  the  Hosto- 
tipaquillo  district,  Jalisco.  Mexico,  has 
finished  his  work  at  that  property,  and 
imdertaken  similar  studies  for  other  com- 
panies in  the  same  district. 

John  A.  Hunter  has  bought  the  assay 
office  and  laboratory  of  Kadish  &  Bosch 
at  217  West  Ninth  street,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  and  will  take  charge  Sept.  1.  Mr. 
Hunter  is  a  graduate  of  the  New  Mexico 
School  of  Mines,  and  has  held  responsi- 
ble positions  in  Arizona  and  Mexico. 

William  G.  Mathias,  superintendent  of 
the  structural  and  blooming  mills  of  the 
South  Works  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Com- 
pany, has  been  appointed  assistant  gen- 
eral superintendent  of  the  Tennessee 
Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  Birm- 
ingham, Ala.  James  Walsh  succeeds  Mi. 
Mathias  at  South  Chicago. 

Dr.  George  Otis  Smith  left  Washington 
Aug.  2  for  New  York,  whence  he  sailed 
Aug.  6  on  his  w-ay  to  attend  the  Inter- 
national Geologic  Congress  at  Stockholm. 
Sweden.  Dr.  Smith,  with  Waldemar 
Lindgren.  George  F.  Becker,  S.  F.  Em- 
mons and  Whitman  Cross,  will  attend  the 
congress  as  representatives  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey. 

J.  B.  Mcintosh.  lately  engineer-in- 
chargc  of  the  newly  completed  Tooele 
plant  of  the  International  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company,  has  resigned  his  posi- 
tion to  accept  that  of  superintendent  of 
construction  at  the  Garfield  plant  of  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany. E.  E.  Thum,  lately  chief  civil  engi- 
neer for  the  Tooele  plant,  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  the  position  of  engineer  for  the 
Boston  &  Montana  Reduction  works  of 
the  Anaconda  Copper  Mining  Company. 


+11   O  B  I  T  U  A  R  V     + 


Auguste  V.  Ewing  died  at  Spring  Park, 
Minn.,  July  20,  aged  72  years.  He  was 
born  in  St.  Louis,  but  removed  to  Montana 
many  years  ago.  He  was  largely  in- 
terested in  mining  and  had  been  president 
of  the  Granite  Bi-Metallic  Mining  Com- 
pany for  a  number  of  years. 

James  McNuIty.  president  of  the  Mill 
and  Smeltermen's  Union  of  Anaconda, 
Mont.,  died  suddenly  in  that  city,  Aug.  5, 
aged  44  years.  He  was  born  in  Ireland. 
After  working  in  Colorado  several  years 
he  went  to  Anaconda  Itj  years  ago.  For 
a  number  of  years  he  had  been  prominent 
in  the   labor  unions  of  Montana. 

Boudinot  Seeley,  a  pioneer  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  charcoal-iron  industry 
of  southern  Ohio.  died.  July  23  at  Port- 
land. Ore.,  aged  88.  Born  on  an  Chio 
farm  in  1822.  he  located  at  Buckhorn 
furnace  in  1843  and  became  one  of  the 
early  pig-iron  makers  of  the  Ohio  valley, 
retiring  from  active  business  in  1869, 
after  having  attained  much  success.  He 
removed  to  Oregon  in  1893,  joining  his 
son.  L,  B.  Seeley,  E.  W.  Crichton  and 
Capt.  W.  B.  Scott,  all  former  Ohio  iron 
men,  who  were  associated  in  an  iron 
plant  at  Portland. 


^  SOClETlESWnCHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


American  Mining  Congress — The  of- 
ficial call  has  been  issued  for  the  thir- 
teenth annual  meeting,  to  be  held  at  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  Sept.  26-Oct.  1.  Local 
arrangements  are  in  charge  of  the  Sierra 
Madre  Club,  of  Los  Angeles,  and  will  be 
announced   later. 

At  a  recent  meeting  in  Denver,  the  lead- 
ing mining  men  of  the  State  perfected  the 
organization  of  a  Colorado  Chapter  of 
the  American  Mining  Congress,  D.  W. 
Brunton.  president,  and  A.  W.  Warwick, 
secretary. 

Lake  Superior  Mining  Institute — The 
fifteenth  annual  meeting  has  been  called 
to  meet  in  the  city  of  Ironwood,  Mich., 
on  Wednesday,  Aug.  24.  The  day  will 
be  spent  in  visiting  the  various  points  of 
interest  on  the  Gogebic  iron  range,  and 
a  business  session  will  be  held  in  the 
evening.  From  Ironwood  the  party  will 
leave  by  special  train  at  1 1  p.m.  On 
Thursday  the  party  will  arrive  in  Chicago 
by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern.'  Stops 
will  be  made  at  the  shops  of  this  line,  at 
the  plant  of  the  Sullivan  Machinery  Com- 
pany, and  the  plant  of  Joseph  T.  Ryerson 
&  Son.  In  the  evening  the  party  will  go 
to  Gary,  Ind.,  by  train.  On  Friday  the 
members  will  visit  the  works  of  the  In- 
diana Steel  Company  for  an  inspection 
of  the  plant,  returning  to  Chicago  in  the 
evening.  At  6:,^0  a  banquet  will  be  held 
at  the  Auditorium  annex.  Trains  will 
leave  for  the  return  trip  to  Ironwood 
about  midnight. 


332 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports  From  Our  Own  Representatives  on 
Important  Events  From  ]Vrai\'v,  Important 
•^     Mining     Centers    of     tKe  'World         "^ 


San   Francisco 

Aug.  6 — The  Stone  Canon  Coal  Com- 
pany of  Monterey  county  did  not  make 
a  success  of  mining  and  selling  its  coal 
and  had  to  quit  work  some  time  since. 
As  a  result  the  railroad  built  especially 
for  hauling  the  coal  from  the  mine  to  the 
main  line,  22  miles,  was  no  longer  of  any 
use.  This  road  runs  from  Nelson  creek 
to  the  Southern  Pacific  line  at  San  Mig- 
uel. The  commissioner  appointed  to  sell 
the  property  in  the  suit  in  which  the 
Guaranty  Trust  Company  of  New  York 
is  plaintiff,  has  reported  that  he  has  sold 
the  road  to  James  Sheldon  Riley  for 
5150,000.  The  whole  investment  in  the 
coal  mine  and  railroad  seems  to  have 
been  unfortunate.  The  production  of 
such  large  quantities  of  cheap  fuel  oil 
in  this  State  in  late  years  had  a  disas- 
trous effect  on  this  coal  mine  as  it  could 
not  find  a  market  for  the  product  at 
remunerative  rates. 

One  of  the  curious  effects  of  the  ab- 
sorption of  numerous  mining  claims  by 
individuals  or  corporations  is  shown  in 
the  changed  destination  of  gold  ship- 
ments from  the  Klondike  and  Alaska. 
Since  the  mines  in  those  regions  became 
productive,  the  gold  has  been  shipped 
mainly  to  the  United  States  assay  office 
at  Seattle,  the  Selby  Smelting  company 
at  San  Francisco,  and  the  San  Francisco 
mint.  The  latter  institution  has  usually 
received  only  a  small  portion  of  the  crude 
gold  direct,  althouph  the  fine  bars  fronj 
both  the  Selby  smeltery  and  the  Seattle 
assay  office  eventually  come  to  the  mint 
for  coinage.  The  assay  office  for  a  time 
received  much  the  larger  proportion  of 
the  gold,  though  of  late  the  smelting 
compar-y  has  caught  up  with  it  in  gold 
receipts  from  the  sources  named.  Now, 
since  the  Guggenheims  have  bought  and 
consolidated  so  many  claims,  all  their 
gold  is  sent  direct  to  the  Selby  smeltery. 
The  July  receipts  of  the  Seattle  assay 
office  fell  off  S40n,000  in  gold  as  com- 
pared with  the  month  of  July  last  year. 
Much  of  this  gold  is  shipped  by  regis- 
tered mail. 


Denver 

Aug.  6 — Referring  to  the  new  Portland 
mill  at  Victor,  mentioned  in  the  Journal 
of  July  30,  it  is  now  freely  stated  that  by 
eliminating  the  preliminary  roast  of  the 
sulpho-telluride  ores,  and  substituting  the 
addition  of  a  special  solution  in  the  agi- 
tators, the  saving  on  the  low-grade  ore 
(which  averages  S4  per  toni  is  brought 
up  to  90  per  cent.,  and  at  a  reduced  cost 
of  40c.   over  thf   roasting  nief'od.     The 


total  cost  of  treatment  is  said  to  be  SI 
per  ton.  These  statements,  however,  are 
not  officiallv  made  by  the  Portland  com- 
pany. No  information  has  been  given  out 
as  to  the  exact  nature  of  the  special  solu- 
tion, though  cyanogen  iodide  has  been  in- 
dicated. The  reason  for  keeping  it  secret 
at  present  is  said  to  be  some  threatened 
trouble  as  to  patents.  However,  this  new 
metallurgical  departure  has  created  much 
interest  in  the  West.  In  the  Cripple 
Creek  district,  the  ores  are  largely  in 
high-grade  streaks  of  a  few  inches,  to  ex- 
tract which  5  or  6  ft.  of  low-grade  rock 
has  to  be  mined.  Now,  if  this  material, 
averaging  say  S4  per  ton,  can  be  pro- 
duced at  say  $1  per  ton  profit,  the  cost 
of  production  of  the  higher  grade  will  be 
lowered;  and  with  the  now  near  comple- 
tion of  the  deep  drainage  tunnel,  which 
is  expected  to  render  over  700  ft.  of  ore- 
bearing  ground  all  over  the  camp  avail- 
able for  mining  without  pumping.  Cripple 
Creek  may  be  said  to  be  on  the  eve  of  a 
great  revival. 

The  Georgetown  district  is  joining  in 
the  general  niining  revival  in  the  most 
strenuous  manner.  The  new  camp  of 
Beshear  is  attracting  large  numbers  of 
prospectors,  and  it  is  estimated  that  there 
are  200  men  at  work  there.  Strikes  of 
daily  occurrence  are  reported,  and  we 
may  soon  expect  something  tangible  in 
the  way  of  ore  shipments.  The  Pelican 
is  being  operated  by  the  Burleigh  Leasing 
Company.  W.  A.  Hood,  manager,  and  is 
now  to  the  fore  with  a  strike  of  6  ft.  of 
rich  silver-lead  ore.  From  the  district, 
it  is  also  reported  that  a  Mr.  Milliken,  of 
New  York,  has  purchased  for  his  clients, 
the  Kelly  tunnel,  now  2800  ft.  in  Dsm- 
ocrat  mountain.  This  tunnel  would  drain 
a  large  number  of  old  producers,  be- 
sides intersecting  at  great  depth,  if  con- 
tinued, a  large  number  of  rich  veins, 
which,  owing  to  the  elevation  of  their 
outcrops,  cannot  be  worked  to  advantage 
from  the  surface. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Aug.  6 — An  effort  is  being  -rnade  to 
consolidate  the  Daly-West,  Ontario,  and 
Daly  mines  at  Park  City.  The  stock- 
holders of  the  Ontario  and  Daly  are  prac- 
tically the  same,  and  they  control  the  tun- 
nel, water  rights,  power  plant  and  coal 
mine.  The  rights  are  held  by  subsidiary 
companies  which  could  come  in  on  a 
merger.  The  combination,  if  effected, 
would  make  one  of  the  largest  properties 
in  the  district.  At  present  the  Daly- 
West  is  the  only  one  of  the  three  which 
is  activrlv  producing. 


The  Copperton  plant  of  the  Utah  Copper 
was  closed  down  Aug.  1.  The  mill  had 
a  capacity  of  1000  tons  per  day,  and 
employed  about  150  men.  The  direct 
cause  of  the  shutdown  has  not  been 
given  out,  but  may  be  in  line  with  the 
proposed  decreased  production  on  the 
part  of  the  Utah  Copper.  There  is  no 
doubt,  however,  that  the  tonnage  can  be 
more  economically  treated  at  one  of  the 
company's  larger  mills,  which  will  also 
obviate  the  maintenance  of  an  extra 
plant.  It  is  generally  understood  that 
the  millsite,  machinery,  etc.,  are  for  sale. 
The  Copperton  mill  was  originally  built 
as  an  experimental  plant,  and  has  been 
in  operation  several  years.  It  was  de- 
signed to  treat  750  tons,  and  afterward 
enlarged  to   1000  tons  capacity. 

The  capacity  of  the  Magna  and  Arthur 
mills  is  being  increased,  and  the  tonnage 
treated  by  the  Copperton  mill  will  be 
sent  to  these  plants.  Eight  sections  of 
the  Magna  mill  have  been  altered  and 
equipped  with  Garfield  or  roughing  tables, 
and  when  the  changes  are  completed,  the 
mill  will  be  able  to  treat  12,000  or  13,000 
tons  of  ore  as  against  8000  tons,  its  pres-  ■ 
ent  daily  capacity.  It  was  originally  de-  ■'  | 
signed  for  6000  tons.  The  Boston  Con- 
solidated mill,  now  called  the  Arthur, 
is  also  being  remodeled  along  the  sa-nS 
lines,  with  substitution  of  Chilean  mi,lls 
and  rolls  instead  of  Nissen  stamps.  Thisj 
mill  was  designed  for  3000  tons,  but  has 
been  treating  5000  tons. 

The  Yampa  smeltery  at  Bingham  was 
closed  down  Aug.  I.  The  company  will 
continue  to  operate  its  mine,  and  ship 
to  the  Garfield  smeltery. 


Butte 

Aug.  f> — There  has  recently  been  con- 
siderable agitation  in  Butte  against  the 
increase  in  the  number  of  Austrians 
and  Slavonians  employed  in  the  mines. 
An  enterprising  local  newspaper  has  pub- 
lished a  series  of  articles  disclosing  the 
alleged  characteristics  and  methods  of 
business  of  the  "Bohuns,"  as  they  are 
called.  It  is  charged  that  these  men 
pay  the  different  foremen  in  order  to 
hold  their  jobs  and  that,  owing  to  their 
extremely  economical  habits,  they  take  a 
vast  amount  of  money  out  of  circulation. 
While  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  get  act- 
ual proof  of  instances  where  these  for- 
eigners pay  for  their  jobs,  yet  it  is  quite 
generally  accepted  as  a  fact  that  consid- 
erable dealings  of  that  nature  are  had. 
As  to  the  charge  that  much  money  is  tak- 
en out  of  circulation,  there  is  no  ques- 
tion of  such   being  the  case.     The  men 


I 
I 


August  13   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


333 


receive  the  same  wages  as  all  others,  but 
it  is  a  conservative  estimate  that  they 
send  60  per  cent,  of  their  earnings  back 
to  their  native  lands.  It  is  common  for 
six  of  them  to  live  together  in  a  room 
which  one  white  man  would  consider 
small,  and  they  purchase  the  smallest 
possible  food  supply  and  cook  it  them- 
selves. The  Butte  Post  Office  records  show 
that  an  astonishing  sum  of  money  is 
transmitted  every  month  to  Europe.  With 
the  gradual  increase  in  the  number  of 
these  men  in  the  camp  the  monthly  ex- 
odus of  money  increases  and  the  volume 
of  money  in  circulation  decreases  accord- 
ingly. Those  in  charge  of  the  mines  take 
the  position  that  with  increasing  deptn 
in  the  mines  conies  increasing  heat  and 
:hat  white  men  will  not  work  in  many  of 
he  places,  whereas,  the  Slavs  are  alwavs 
•eady  and  willing.  This  is,  in  a  measure, 
mdoubtedly  true,  and  experience  in  the 
'  )lder  mining  camps  of  the  country  has 
ihown  that  the  natural  tendency  is  for 
he  foreigner  eventually  to  replace  the 
lative  born. 

Total  receipts  for  July  at  the  United 
•tates  Assay  Office  at  Helena  were  S135,- 
38.  Fergus  county  was  first,  with 
61,396,  and  Madison  county  second  with 
47,926. 


of  the  Patrick  interests  and  the  latter  now 
seek  to  have  the  election  declared  il- 
legal. 


Goldfield 

Aug.   6 — After   some   months   of   con- 

oversy  and  litigation  over  various  leas- 

ig    interests    on    the    Manhattan-Dexter 

roperty,  an  agreement  has  been  reached 

hereby  a  new  company  is  to  absorb  all 

le  leases,   prosecute   active   mining   op- 

ations   and    mill    the    ore    in    the    War 

agle  mill  at  a   fixed  charge,  the   latter 

iitipany  having  been  involved  in  the  dis- 

ite.  Directors  of  the  new  company  were 

eeted  as  follows:    President,  R.  T.  Har- 

i\  George  S.  Green,  C.  E.  Mack,  E.  S. 

m  Dyke  and  Arthur  Raycroft. 

D.    R.    C.     Brown,    president    of    the 

oneer    Consolidated    Mines    Company, 

s   just    issued    a    report    to    the    stock- 

Iders  in  which  he  gives  the   following 

formation  concerning  the  merger:     The 

lid  Hills  Mining  and  Milling  Company 

)ck  has   all   been   exchanged    for   Con- 

lidated    on    a    basis    of    10    shares    for 

le.     Of  the   Bullfrog-Pioneer  stock  85 

r  cent,  has  been  exchanged   share    for 

are,  and  90  per  cent,  of  the  Bullfrog- 

lley  View  certificates  have  been  turned 

on  a  ,S:  1  basis.    The  property  is  being 

'veloped  by  leasers. 

I..   L.   Patrick   has  brought   suit   in   the 

'trict    court    to    have    the    election    of 

sectors  of  the  Diamondfield-Black  Butte 

organized   company,   held   July   20,  de- 

'  red    illegal.      The    contention    is    that 

*  this    election,    Thomas    Manning,    of 

t    Registration    Trust    Company,    under 

Vose   direction   the   reorganization    was 

«(;cted.  wrongfully  voted  645.587  shares 

cj  stock  which  had  not  been  taken  up, 

r    were   to   be   placed   In   the   treasury. 

1  s  action  was  taken  under  the  protest 


Birmingham 

Aug.  6 — Changes  in  the  officials  of  the 
Southern  Iron  and  Steel  Company  are  an- 
nounced. W.  H.  Hassinger,  president,  is 
to  retire  later  on.  James  Bcwron,  at  one 
time  treasurer  of  the  Tennessee  Coal, 
Iron  and  Railroad  Company  will  be  vice- 
president  and  treasurer  of  the  company, 
while  A.  R.  Forsythe,  now  treasurer,  will 
be  secretary.  The  new  president  is  to  be 
announced  later.  C.  A.  Grenfels,  of  Lon- 
don, and  W.  W.  Miller,  of  New  York, 
rrembers  of  the  board  of  directors,  have 
been  in  the  Birmingham  district  for  the 
past  week  looking  over  the  affairs  of  the 
company.  They  are  quoted  as  saying  the 
prospects  in  the  district  are  bright  an.1 
a  favorable  report  will  be  made  to  the 
directors. 

The  Union  Trust  Company,  of  St. 
Louis,  as  trustee,  has  filed  a  bill  in  equity 
in  the  Federal  courts  in  Birmingham  to 
declare  a  lease  made  a  number  of  years 
ago  on  some  coal  lands  in  Bibb  and 
Shelby  counties,  .Ala.,  now  being  worked 
by  the  Galloway  Coal  Company  and  the 
Choctaw  Coal  and  Mining  Company,  ter- 
minated, and  to  collect  alleged  un- 
paid royalties  on  coal  taken  out.  The 
property  in  question  is  of  some  import- 
ance. 


Lead,    South    Dakota 

Aug.  8 — Little  change  has  taken 
place  during  the  last  month  in  the  min- 
ing situation  in  the  Black  Hills.  The 
larger  mines  continue  to  operate  at  full 
capacity,  but  the  smaller  concerns  are 
slow  in  resuming  work  although  there 
is  no  difficulty  in  securing  labor  at 
present. 

The  report  that  the  Golden  Reward 
Mining  Company  was  going  into  the 
hands  of  a  receiver  was  originated  by  a 
representative  of  the  Western  Federation 
of  Miners  at  its   Denver  convention. 

The  Homcstake  Mining  Company  has 
dispensed  with  a  large  number  of  the 
detectives  who  have  been  employed  since 
last  November.  A  sufficient  number  has 
been  retained  to  guard  its  property.  The 
most  important  movement  has  been  the 
inauguration  of  the  Homestake  Aid 
Fund,  an  insurance  system  for  the  bene- 
fit of  its  employees,  which  went  into  ef- 
fect Aug.  1. 


Cobalt 

Aug.  8 — On  account  of  the  intervention 
of  the  Dominion  government,  the  work  of 
building  the  dam  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Frederickhouse  river  in  Porcupine,  has 
been  abandoned.  This  work  was  under- 
taken with  the  object  of  raising  the  water 
sufficiently  to  allow  the  running  of  gaso- 
lene launches  on  the  river.  After  it  was 
started,    notice    was    received    from    the 


government  to  cease  operations,  and  an 
engineer  was  sent  up  to  examine  into  the 
conditions.  Although  permission  was  sub- 
sequently given  to  proceed,  the  restric- 
tions were  such  that  those  who  started 
the  work  decided  to  abandon  it.  It  is  be- 
lieved by  many  familiar  with  the  country 
that  this  dam  is  the  only  means  by  which 
the  river  can  be  rendered  navigable. 

Toronto 

Aug.  6 — The  question  of  securing 
cheap  power  for  the  development  of  the 
Porcupine  gold  mines  is  likely  to  be  solved 
by  the  installation  of  hydroelectric  plants 
in  the  neighborhood.  A.  M.  Bilsky,  of  Co- 
balt, and  H.  D.  Symmes,  of  Niagara  Falls, 
Ont.,have  leased  the  water  power  at  Sandy 
falls,  a  few  miles  west  of  the  Tisdale 
mines,  and  have  engineers  engaged  on  the 
preliminary  survey  which  is  nearly  com- 
pleted. It  is  proposed  to  develop  between 
4000  and  5000  h.p.  by  June  1911.  A.  E. 
Wallberg,  of  the  Mines  Power  Company, 
of  Cobalt,  has  acquired  a  large  water 
power  on  the  Metagami  river,  approxi- 
m.ately  nine  miles  from  Porcupine.  It  is 
estimated  that  between  6000  and  7000 
h.p.  of  electric  energy  can  be  developed 
at  this  point.  Preliminary  surveys  are 
completed,  and  parties  will  be  put  in  the 
field  at  once  to  make  the  final  survey  for 
transmission  lines.  It  is  expected  to  have 
power  from  this  source  early  next  sum- 
mer. 

At  Cobalt,  on  Aug.  3,  George  Scabbo 
was  sentenced  to  nine  months'  and  Bill 
Romonhoka  to  six  months'  imprisonment 
for  having  ore  illegally  in  their  posses- 
sion. Two  other  Poles  charged  with  the 
same  offense  were  acquitted.  Highgrad- 
ing  has  been  greatly  checked  since  the 
new  law  went  into  operation  and  is  now 
only  practised  on  a  small  scale. 

The  iron-ore  deposits  on  the  Metagami 
river  are  receiving  much  attention  from 
the  large  iron  and  steel  interests.  .\ 
number  of  men  representing  American 
steel  concerns  are  examining  locations  or 
arranging  for  assessment  work.  Ths 
Mackenzie  and  Mann  interests  and  the 
Nova  Scotia  Steel  and  Coal  Company  are 
both  bidding  for  extensive  locations  on 
Grand  Rapids,  Metagami  river,  75  miles 
from  Moose  Factory.  Professor  Baker 
has  just  left  the  region  after  several 
months  spent  in  making  investigations, 
and  it  is  understood  that  his  report  will 
be  of  a  favorable  character. 


London 
Aug.  4 — There  is  a  decided  tendency 
on  the  part  of  the  mining  investors  in 
London  to  become  more  interested  in 
Mexico,  and  it  is  quite  safe  to  predict 
that  unless  there  is  some  political  dis- 
turbance in  the  interim  the  large  South 
African  interests  will  be  well  into  Mex- 
ico within  the  next  five  years.  This 
will  be  an  important  move  for  Mexico,  as 
well  as  for  London  capital. 


334 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  13.  1910. 


X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Ma:;hinery, 
Installations,  Development  .Work  and  Property 
Transfers         Tlie   Cxtrrent  History-  of    Mining" 


Alaska 

According  to  the  U.  S.  Assay  Office  at 
Seattle,  the  gold  shipments  from  Alaska 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1910. 
are  as  follows:  Nome  district,  S4,167,- 
304;  Fairbanks.  S5,f)76.477 ;  other  districts 
combined,  $948,744:  total.  SIO.792.525. 
As  some  of  the  Alaska  shipments  go  di- 
rect to  San  Francisco,  the  above  figures 
do  not  represent  the  entire  output. 

Candle  Creek — Gold  shipments  to 
Seattle  for  this  season,  including  a  por- 
tion of  last  year's  work,  amount  to 
8200,000. 

Treadwcll — A  new  crusher  plant  and  a 
large  hoisting  plant  have  been  purchased 
for  these  mines.  R.  A.  Kinzie.  Treadwell 
City,  is  general  superintendent. 

Arizona 

Cochise  County 
Denn-Arizona — The  main  shaft  is 
down  1425  ft.  Rich  sulphide  ore  has 
been  encountered  in  drift  No.  25.  The 
pumps  are  now  installed  on  the  1350-ft. 
level,  and  handling  900  gal.  per  minute. 
Sixty-five  men  are  employed. 

Gila  County 
Cactus — .K  recent  report  of  the  direc- 
tors of  this  company  comprises  a  report 
by  C.  W.  Pritchett,  consulting  engineer, 
under  date  of  June  8.  Mr.  Pritchett  made 
the  following  statement:  "Our  surface 
consists  of  an  altered  schist  much  brec- 
ciated  and  copper  stained.  At  250  ft.  in 
the  shaft  we  began  to  encounter  sulphide 
ores  and  carbonates,  and  our  develop- 
ment in  300-  and  400- ft.  levels  has  been 
•  mainly  in  sulphides  (chalcocitei  running 
from  Yr  to  4  per  cent.  We  have  devel- 
oped so  far  approximately  2.500,000  tons 
of  such  material  of  which  we  estimate 
that  about  500.000  tons  is  of  commercial 
grade,  that  is,  over  2  per  cent.,  although 
no  effort  has  been  made  to  block  out  ore, 
but  simply   to  explore   the   ground. 

"Our  work  thus  far  having  shown  us, 
as  we  believe,  that  our  body  has  been 
tremendously  faulted  and  that  we  have 
been  working  on  the  upper  faulted  por- 
tion of  this  orebody,  we  have  recently 
abandoned  further  development  through 
the  Hamilton  shaft  and  are  putting  all 
our  energies  into  drilling  the  ground 
north  of  the   fault." 

Live  Oak — It  is  reported  that  2'  i  per 
cent,  copper  ore  has  been  encountered 
in  drill  hole  No.  10,  at  a  depth  of  290 
ft.  The  second  annual  report  states  that 
since  beginning  operations  Dec.  3,  1908, 
and  up  to  July  1,  1910,  the  total  develop- 


ment work  amounts  to  4039  ft.  in  drifts 
and  raises,  and  over  3400  ft.  of  churn- 
drill  holes.  Disbursements  to  July  were 
S227,439,  leaving  a  cash  balance  of 
S45,080  in  the  treasury. 

Inspiration — Advices  received  from 
Globe  state  that  on  July  30  drill  hole  No. 
69  contained  155  ft.  of  ore  averaging  2.75 
per  cent,  copper  and  with  high-grade  ore 
in  the  bottom.  This  hole  is  1200  ft.  east 
of  the  Joe  Bush  shaft.  Drill  hole  No. 
705.  which  is  3000  ft.  west  of  No.  69,  is 
drilling  in  ore  averaging  2'/.  per  cent. 
The  total  eastward  and  westward  extent 
of  the  ore  as  shown  by  drill  holes  to  date 
amounts  to  3800  feet. 

Gr,\ham  County 
Cobre  Group — A.  F.  S.  Cooper,  super- 
intendent, has  made  the  first  payment  of 
10  per  cent,  on  these  claims,  situated  in 
the  Aravaipa  mining  district,  23  miles 
west  of  Fort  Thomas.  At  a  depth  of  128 
ft.,  a  body  of  chalcopyrite  has  been  en- 
countered, carrying  about  SI. 50  in  gold 
per  ton.  Twelve  men  are  employed  at 
the   mine. 

MoHWE   County 

Golden  Trail — William  Ochs.  Bingham, 
Utah,  has  secured  a  bond  on  this  group 
of  claims  in  the  San  Francisco  district. 
The  claims  were  located  last  January  by 
L.  McKesson.  The  ore  carries  free  mill- 
ing gold.  Development  work  will  begin 
at  once. 

Yavapai  County 

United  Gold  Mines— 'Q.  J.  Sullivan, 
president,  has  finished  a  four-months' 
run  at  this  mill,  and  has  closed  the  plant 
pending  the  unwatering  of  the  lower 
levels  of  the  mine. 

Congress  Consolidated — The  mill  is 
treating  its  usual  quota  of  ore.  This 
mine  is  one  of  the  oldest  gold  mines  in 
the  Southwest,  having  been  worked 
nearly  30  years.  O.  Longacre,  Jr.,  ie 
general  manager. 


California 
Eldorado  County- 
l.ady   Edna — L.    S.    Woodberry,   owner 
of  this  mine  at  Grizzly  fiat,  has  encount- 
ered rich  gravel  at  the  ead  of  tie  900-ft. 
tunnel. 

Modoc  County 
Hess — At  this  mine,  near  Adin,  a  small 
mill  is  steadily  at  work  and  plans  are 
being  made  for  a  larger  one.  It  is  re- 
ported that  C.  T.  Hess  has  leased  the 
ground  to  Los  Angeles  men.  James  Har- 
vey,   who    recently    bought     a    five-year 


lease  on  one  of  the  group,  has  sold  his 
interest  at  good  profit. 

.Monterey  County 
Los  Burros — At  this  mine,  18  men  are 
now   working.     The  vein  is  being  cross- 
cut at  the   100- ft.  level  and  is  as  satis- 
factory   as    at    the    surface. 

Nevada  County 
The  North  Star  Mines  Company  y-:  slid 
to  be  preparing  to  reopen  the  Massa- 
chusetts Hill  mine  at  Grass  Valley.  This 
mine  was  at  one  time  one  of  the  great 
mines  of  the  district,  but  was  closed  on 
account  of  litigation  with  adjoining  prop- 
erty  owners. 

Plu.mas   County 
Quart: — A.  H.  Jones  and  J.  McArthur 
are   opening   a   new   vein   at   Rocky   Bar, 
below  Nelson  Point,  on  the  Midd4e  Fork 
of  the  Feather  river. 

Shasta  County 
Sybil — This  French  Gulch  Company, 
has  brought  suit  against  G.  A.  Von  Kruze 
et  al  to  prevent  the  sale  of  certain  shares  of 
the  capital  stock  of  the  Accident  GolJ 
Mining  Company  held  by  them.  The  com- 
plaint alleges  that  in  March  1907  Von 
Kruze  sold  to  the  Sybil  company  the 
Sybil  and  other  adjoining  mines  for  600.- 
000  shares  of  Sybil  stock.  Von  Kruze 
assumed  general  management  and  was  ir 
possession  of  the  claims.  The  company 
in  its  complaint  charges  that  Von  Kruzt 
neglected  to  do  the  required  assessmen 
work  on  the  claims.  It  is  charged  in  thi 
complaint  that  he  procured  other  person: 
to  relocate  each  of  the  claims  with  th( 
understanding  that  the  Accident  Gok 
Mining  Company  was  to  be  organized  t( 
take  the  relocated  properties.  The  com 
pany  now  asks  the  court  to  adjudge  it  thi 
owner  of  the  property  and  the  shares  o 
the  Accident  Gold  Mining  Company. 

Siskiyou  County 
A  plan  is  being  formulated  looking  I 
the  reorganization  of  the  old  compair 
and  the  reopening  of  the  Yellow  Butt^ 
mine  in  Siskiyou  county.  The  lowest  adi 
on  the  property  is  in  1200  ft.  and  is  o\ 
600  ft.  below  the  apex  of  the  vein. 

Teha.ma  County 
California  &  Massachusetts  —  Thi 
mines  at  Camp  Wrigley  on  Tom  Heat 
mountain  are  yielding  copper  ore  o 
quite  a  high  grade.  The  ore  also  carriei 
gold  and  silver. 

Tuolumne  County 
Gold  Ship— A  raise  is  being  made  t( 
the  surface  in  this  mine  to  obtain  bettei 


August  13,  1010. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


335 


air  in  the  tunnel  where  they  are  drifting 
in  gravel.  Electric  power  will  soon  be 
available  and  then  a  mill  to  crush  the 
gravel  is  to  be  installed.  W.  J.  Graham 
is  manager. 

Yuba  County 
In  the  Superior  court  of  Yuba  county, 
Judge  Mahon  has  decided  in  favnr  of  the 
defendants  in  the  suit  of  the  California 
Mother  Lode  Company  against  Hdv.?;d 
Page,  ei  al.  The  suit  involved  title  to  the 
rich  Eagle  claim,  in  the  Indiana  mining 
district  near  Marysville.  The  Eagle 
:!aim  was  recently  the  scene  of  a  rich 
strike  of  ore  and  the  trouble  arose  over 
in  indefinite  boundary. 

Colorado 

Clear  Creek  County 
Smuggler — The  leasers  on  this  Brown 
nountain  mine  have  opened  9  in.  of  sil- 
•er-lead  ore,  and  a  wagon  load  shipped 
0  Georgetown  this  week  returned  43.2 
iz.  silver  per  tor.,  and  47  per  cent.  lead, 
"he  streak  has  already  been  opened  90  ft. 
n  length. 

Ure  Creek — This  mine,  operated  by 
Charles  Taylor,  is  paying  for  its  develop- 
lent,  it  is  said,  and  a  steam  plant  is  now 
eing  installed. 

Leadville — Lake  County 
Yak  Tunnel — Connection  has  been  ef- 
;cted  with  the  Resurrection  No.  2  shaft, 
nd  the  company  will  now  be  enabled  to 
;veIop  several   known   orebodies. 
Cleveland — The     fissure     vein     in    the 
■anite  is  from  45  to  50  ft.  in  width,  car- 
ing  several    ore    streaks    rich    in    gold, 
Iver,  lead,  copper  and  zinc. 
New  Monarch — Now  that  the  unwater- 
g  of  the  shaft  has  been  accomplished, 
•velopment  work  is  progressing  steadily. 
ne    of   the    workings    has    just    broken 
to  good  ore. 

Silent    Friend — The     fissure    vein    en- 

untered  by  the  Yak  Tunnel  extends  to 

e  overlying  sedimentaries,  where  it  be- 

mes  a  blanket  deposit.   The  proved  ore- 

dy  is  200  ft.  high  by  35  ft.  wide,  while 

:erally  the  workings  are  still  in  ore.  The 

erage  value  is  about  S2()  per  ton.     The 

:sees  hope  to  ship   150  tons  per  day. 

Corona — Lessees    working    this     Cali- 

nia    Gulch    mine    are    shipping    about 

I  tons  of  lead  ore  per  month. 

^t.    Louis    Tunnel — Shipments    of    ore 

the  main  vein  continue  to  be  made. 

m/  Bn.fi/i— Upraises   from   the   450- 

'  level   to    the   350- ft.    level    are    being 

«ven  by  the   lessees  of  this  mine.  The 

'  n   at   the   deeper   level    carries   values 

''  11    oz.    gold    per    ton,    besides    silver 

ti  copper 

^alley—This     South     Evans     mine     is 

sipping  about  50  tons  daily. 
larbutt — Lessees  on  this  property  are 
rking  two  shafts  and  outputting  three 

Cs  of  good-grade  ore  per  day. 


Dunkin — This  Fryer  hill  mine  has  been 
leased  to  Comer  &  Brady,  who  are  clean- 
ing out  some  of  the  old  workings,  pre- 
paratory to  working  an  iron  orebody. 

Emmet — This  mine  is  being  wired  un- 
derground for  electric  lights— the  first 
Leadville  mine  to  be  entirely  lighted  by 
this  means. 

Ouray  County 
Calliope — This  property,  in  the  Paquin 
district,  north  of  Ouray,  is  said  to  have 
opened  up  a  6-ft.  vein  of  S200  silver  ore. 
The  vein  on  this  property  has  been 
opened  altogether  for  2300  ft.;  and  large 
bodies  of  low-grade  ore  are  said  to  be 
exposed. 

Mineral  Farm — At  this  property,  sink- 
ing is  being  pushed,  and  large  bodies  of 
high-grade  silver-lead  and  copper  ore  are 
being  opened  up. 

Park  County 
Colorado  Gold  Mining  and  Smelting 
— Joseph  Irving,  manager,  states  that  the 
smeltery  at  Alma  was  blown  in  July  2. 
Daily  capacity  200  tons.  Power  plant  con- 
sists of  two  175-h.p.  boilers;  one  200- 
h.p.  engine;  one  150  kw.  generator. 
There  is  also  a  complete  sampling  plant, 
water  and  lighting  system.  The  installa- 
tion was  made  by  the  Traylor  Engineering 
Company.  Semi-pyritic  smelting  has  been 
adopted,  and  custom  ore  will  be  treated. 

San  Juan   County 

Iowa-Tiger — The  rich  strike  of  gold  ore 
ill  this  mine  is  proving  up  well,  the  vein 
having  been  stoped  for  70  ft.  as  high 
as  25  ft.  in  places.  The  rich  6-in.  streak 
still  continues. 

Silver  Ledge — The  mill  owned  by  this 
company  is  running  24  hours  per  day  on 
ore  mined  from  the  bodies  recently 
opened  up.  The  lead  concentrates,  which 
carry  silver  and  gold,  are  being  shipped 
at  the  rate  of  a  carload  per  day  to  th: 
smeltery,  while  the  zinc  concentrates  arj 
being  stored  at  the  mill. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
l£l  Paso — Work  on  the  drill  hole  from 
the  bottom  of  the  El  Paso  shaft,  to  con- 
nect with  the  deep-drainage  tunnel,  has 
been  delayed  because  of  the  nondelivery 
of  casing.  Lessees  operating  on  the 
Beacon  Hill-Ajax  claim  of  the  El  Paso 
company  are  breaking  ore  from  a  5- ft. 
vein,  discovered  north  of  the  shaft  on  the 
400- ft.  level.  During  June  375  tons  were 
shipped,  while  125  tons  have  been  pro- 
duced from  these  workings  this  month, 
yielding  S35  per  ton.  A  strong  vein  is 
reported  as  having  been  cut  by  the  deep- 
drainage  tunnel  in  the  Orizaba  claim,  but 
no  tests  were  made  by  the  tunnel  con- 
tractor. Excavation  has  been  comnleted 
for  the  new  No.  2  shafthouse,  situated 
at  the  north  end  of  Beacon  hill. 

Stratton  Estate — Lessees  working  in 
Callie  ground  on  the  Little  Clara  flat 
vein     are    said    to    have    encountered    a 


streak  of  ore  a  few  inches  wide  carry- 
ing as  high  as  S8000  gold  per  ton.  A 
23-ton  shipment  of  ore  mined  on  the  first 
level  of  the  American  Eagle  shaft  has 
been  settled  for  by  the  Portland  (valley) 
mill  at  the  rate  of  S128  per  ton.  It  is 
reported  that  lessees  are  working  in  ore 
on  the  eighth  level  of  the  same  shaft,  in 
a  drift  6  ft.  wide,  with  no  walls,  the  ore 
carrying  $30  to  S60  per  ton. 

Stratton's  Independence — June  produc- 
tion was  1643  tons  of  ore  averaging 
24  dwt.  8.4  gr.  per  ton.  Dump  ore  milled 
8000  tons.  Net  working  profit  from  both 
mine  and  mill  departments  512,500  less 
S1375,  special  development. 

Acacia — This  Bull  Hill  property  is 
maintaining  a  steady  output  from  the 
various  shafts. 

Doctor-Jack  Pot — A  strike  of  S72  gold 
ore  is  reported  as  having  been  made  in 
the  Doctor  vein  by  lessees  working 
through  the  old  incline  shaft.  A  crosscut 
was  driven  into  the  supposed  foot-wall 
of  the  vein,  exposing  4  ft.  af  sylvanite 
ore. 

Lexington — A  30-ton  shipment  of  me- 
dium-grade ore  was  made  from  the  350- 
ft.  level  of  this  Gold  Hill  property  this 
week  by  lessees. 

Findley — The  Shurtloff,  leased  for  two 
years  to  Thomas  Bailey  and  J.  P.  Kano, 
has  been  started  up.  Twelve  hundred  to 
1800  tons  per  month  nf  ore  of  good  grade 
are  being  brought  to  the  surface  through 
the  main    Findley  shaft. 

Beacon  Hilt  Consolidated— The  Rocky 
Mountain  mine  of  this  company,  being 
worked  under  lease,  has  reentered  the 
list  of  shippers,  the  ore  coming  from  a 
5-ft.  vein  and  yielding  about  $17  per 
ton. 

Little  Bessie — Ore  assaying  about  1  oz. 
gold  per  ton  is  reported  as  having  been 
encountered  in  an  adit  tunnel  on  the 
Bessie  claim.  The  vein  is  supposed  to 
be  an  extension  of  one  of  those  in  the 
Henry  Adney  and  Old  Gold  properties 
adjoining. 

Idaho 

Shoshone  County 

Caledonia — Now  that  the  original  stock- 
holders have  received  their  money  back, 
dividends  will  be  discontinued  indefinite- 
ly. All  income  from  ore  shipments  will 
be  used  in  running  a  long  tunnel  to  fa- 
cilitate mining  at  depth,  tn  putting  in  a 
mill,  and  generally  developing  the  mine. 
Meanwhile  the  regular  production  of  1000 
tons  per  month  is  to  be  kept  up,  and  in 
case  a  surplus  is  secured  over  the  neces- 
sities of  operation,  it  is  promised  that  if 
will  be  paid  out  in  dividends. 

Snoiv  Storm — Reports  submitted  by  the 
management  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
shareholders  show  91,308  tons  of  ore 
mined   during  the   year  ended  June  30, 


336 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


1910;  the  average  content  was  6.908  oz. 
of  silver  per  ton,  and  4.067  per  cent,  of 
copper.  The  silver  was  marketed  at  an 
average  price  of  52.208c.  per  oz.  and  the 
copper  at  12.954c.  per  lb.  The  receipts 
from  all  sources,  including  a  surplus  of 
$46,402  and  the  estimated  value  of  ore 
in  transit,  amounted  to  S507,473,  while 
the  operating  expenses  and  exploration 
and  improvements  cost  5264,210,  leaving 
$243,202  as  earnings  for  the  year.  The 
dividends  paid  during  the  year  amounted 
to  $179,940. 

Rex — Rapid  development  is  being 
made.  Forty  men  are  working  on  the 
-mill  and  in  the  mine.  Electric  lights  and 
machinery  have  been  installed. 

Original  Ajax — ^X'ork  has  been  re- 
sumed after  a  shut-down  of  six  months. 
A  contract  has  been  awarded  for  150  ft. 
of  drifting  on  the  ledge. 


Indiana 

Sullivan  County 
Extensive  improvements,  including  the 
construction  of  a  new  tipple,  are  being 
made  at  the  Klondyke  mine  belonging  to 
the  Sullivan  &  Greene  Coal  Mining  Com- 
pany,  west   of   Sullivan. 

V.^NDERBIJRG    COUNTY 

The  fight  between  the  district  of  Terre 
Haute,  Linton,  Clinton  and  Brazil  and 
the  Vincennes  and  Evansville  district  for 
the  mine-emergency  station,  has  resulted 
in  a  victory  for  the  latter  district.  The 
authorities  at  Washington  have  decided  to 
construct  and  equip  the  station  in  Evans- 
ville with  a  view  of  serving  the  States  of 
Indiana,  Kentucky  and  southern  Illinois. 

Vigo  County 
The  burning  of  the  tipple  and  surface 
buildings  at  the  Hocking  mine  near 
Earniersburg,  July  28,  entailed  a  loss  of 
$80,000.  The  mine  is  owned  by  the  Al- 
liance Coal  Mining  Company,  composed 
of  Chicago  men  who  are  interested  in 
the  final  disposition  of  the  John  R.  Walsh 
properties.  The  fire  started  on  the  roof 
of  the  boiler  house.  The  cage  could  not 
be  operated  and  burning  wood  fell  down 
the  shaft  a  distance  of  216  ft.,  greatly 
alarming  the  200  men  in  the  mine.  They 
v/ere  warned  by  telephone  and  were  re- 
moved from  the  mine  by  the  manway, 
climbing  the  full  distance  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  mine;  but  15  mules  were 
suffocated.  The  work  of  rebuilding  the 
mine  tipple  and  buildings  will  begin  at 
once. 


Kansas 

Kansas  produced  during  the  month  of 
July  2,775,920  lb.  of  blende  and  188,870 
lb.  of  galena,  with  a  total  value  of  S57,- 
827. 

Nnrth  Empire— \.  O.  Ihlseng  is  pump- 
ing out  this  old  tract  at  Galena  and  will 
open  it  to  miners  down  to  the  170-ft. 
level. 


Kentucky 

Harlan  County 

A  number  of  transfers  and  sales  of 
coal  lands  in  the  Black  Mountain  dis- 
trict are  reported,  in  consequence  of  the 
approaching  completion  of  the  Wassoto 
&  Black  Mountain  branch  of  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  into  the  region. 

Harlan  Coal  Company — This  company 
is  beginning  work  to  develop  3000  acres 
on  Puckett  creek  which  it  bought  several 
years  ago,  but  which  has  not  been 
opened  on  account  of  the  lack  of  trans- 
portation. 

Harlan  Mining  and  Manufacturing 
Company — This  company  has  bought 
3000  acres  of  coal  land  on  Jones'  creek, 
one  mile  from  the  railroad,  and  will  con- 
struct a  spur  track  to  its  property  and 
develop  a  mine  at  once.  W.  J.  Lough- 
bridge,  H.  B.  Henderson  and  W.  B.  Nel- 
son, of  Lexington,  Ky.,  are   interested. 

Lans'rence  County 
Majestic  Coal  Company — Extensive 
in^.provements  are  to  be  made  on  the  10,- 
000  acres  owned  by  this  company,  situ- 
ated along  Tug  river,  close  to  the  West 
Virginia  line.  Two  openings  will  be  made 
and  a  steel  tipple  built  with  a  capacity 
of  2000  tons  daily. 

Maryland 
George's  Creek  Coal  Company — This 
new  company  has  bought  the  property  of 
the  old  George's  Creek  Coal  and  Iron 
Company,  including  the  mines  at  Lona- 
coning  and  the  coal  shipping  pier  at  Bal- 
timore. H.  E.  Weber  has  been  elected 
president,  R.  L.  Somerville,  general  man- 
ager, and  Wm.  H.  Cooper,  treasurer. 


Michigan 
Copper 

Oneco — No.  8  drill  hole  has  reached  a 
depth  of  about  1400  ft.  An  amygdaloid 
formation  carrying  copper  was  cut.  This 
is  believed  to  be  the  extension  of  the 
lode  exposed  in  previous  drilling. 

New  Arcadian — Trenching  continues  to 
expose  the  lode  that  was  cut  near  the  sur- 
face by  a  drill  on  Section  17.  This  drill 
is  down  over  700  ft.  One  drill  is  down 
about  1700  ft.  on  its  way  to  cut  the 
Arcadian  lode. 

Adi'enture--S\nk\ng  is  going  forward 
at  this  company's  new  vertical  shaft  at 
the  rjte  of  about  70  ft.  per  month.  A 
depth  of  over  700  ft.  has  been  obtained. 
The  first  of  the  series  of  three  lodes  will 
not  be  encountered  until  a  depth  of  about 
950  ft.  is  reached. 

Twin  Lakes — The  sand  pipe,  through 
which  its  drill  will  operate,  has  been 
driven  to  a  depth  of  over  650  ft.  without 
encountering  bed  rock. 

North  Lake — No.  9  drill  hole  has  been 
established  in  the  bed  rock  after  passing 
through  about  300  ft.  of  overburden.     A 


sand   pipe    has   been   started    at    the   site 
of  No.   10  hole. 

Iron 

Gleason  &  Goodman — The  New  York 
State  Steel  Company  is  developing  this 
property  in  the  Iron  River  district.  The 
terms  of  the  lease  called  for  the  highest 
royalty  and  bonus  ever  paid  in  the  Iron 
River  field.  The  royalty  is  50c.  a  ton. 
The  Steel  company  has  continued  the 
drilling  operations  and  seven  or  eight 
holes  have  been  sunk,  showing  the  prop- 
erties to  contain  fully  3,000,000  tons. 
The  opening  of  the  Gleason  and  Good- 
man properties  is  an  important  step  in 
the  development  of  the  extensive  terri- 
tory to  the  north  of  Iron  River. 

Imperial — The  Cleveland-Cliffs  Com- 
pany has  a  seven-years'  lease  on  this 
Michigamme  property.  Two  diamond 
drills  are  now  testing  the  ground. 


Minnesota 

Scranton — The  concrete  shaft  has  just 
been  completed.  It  is  285  ft.  deep  and 
16  ft.  square.  The  mine  is  near  Hib- 
bing  and  is  estimated  to  contain  20,000,- 
000  tons  of  ore.  It  will  be  several 
months  before   production   begins. 

Susquehanna — The  stripping  of  this 
mine  in  the  eastern  edge  of  Hibbing  will 
include  all  of  the  area  east  of  Fourth 
avenue.  The  mine  covers  80  acres  and 
has  long  been  worked  as  an  underground 
mine.  The  overburden  is  heavy  and  the 
stripping  contract  was  one  of  the  largesi 
ever  awarded  on  the  Mesaba  range. 

Superior  Ore  Dock — Rapid  progress  is 
being  made  with  the  building  of  the 
Great  Northern's  new  steel  ore  dock  ai 
Superior.  The  structure  will  be  1812  ft 
long  and  75  ft.  above  water  level.  It  wil 
contain  302  pockets.  The  foundation; 
are  of  piles  and  concrete  and  the  super 
structure  of  steel.  The  dock  will  cost 
approximately,  $1,000,000.  It  will  give 
the  Great  Northern  a  total  of  1350  ort 
pockets. 


Missouri 

The  July  production  of  the  Missour 
mines  was  32,091,680  lb.  of  blende, 
4,957,640  lb.  of  calamine  and  3,059,7+ 
lb.  of  lead  concentrates  with  a  total  value 
of  $773,446. 

Muskingum — A  250-ton  mill  is  to  be 
erected  on  this  lease  in  the  West  Joplir 
sheet-ground   district. 

Molcr-Smith — This  company,  operatinf 
at  Carl  Junction,  has  shut  down  its  mill 
on  the  Jubilee  land  and  is  moving  the 
tram  so  that  the  steam  shovel  will  be 
able  to  remove  the  dirt  from  under  the 
old  tram. 

Cranhv — This  company  has  been  drill- 
ing Poor  Man's  gulch,  northwest  of  Jop- 
lin,  and  has  made  a  good  strike  of  ore 
at  105  to   120  feet. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


337 


Hella  Land  and  Development — This 
company  has  secured  a  20-acre  lease  at 
Cave  Springs  on  the  Schmuck  land  and 
is  sinking  a  shaft  after  drilling  the  land. 
Otto  Schoenherr  is  manager. 


Montana 
Deer  Lodge  County 

Southern  Cross — Ex-senator  Lee  Man- 
tle, who  is  a  part  owner  in  the  mine, 
states  that  no  negotiations  are  now  pend- 
ing for  the  sale  of  Ihe  property.  This  dis- 
poses of  the  rumors  which  have  been  cir- 
culated regarding  the  sale  of  the  property 
to  the  United  States  Smelting,  Refining 
and  Alining  Company.  It  is  understood 
that  while  there  is  an  abundance  of  ore 
in  the  mine,  it  is  of  such  a  refractory 
character  that  it  is  difficult  to  treat. 

Silver  Bovc  County 
Reins  Copper — The  Reins  company, 
which  owns  property  in  Butte,  has  re- 
cently been  made  defendant  in  several 
suits.  John  P.  Reins,  former  president, 
has  instituted  suit  for  S20,000  upon  a 
note  executed  in  1908  and  also  for  ac- 
counts assigned  to  him  by  R.  S.  Wilson, 
C.  L.  Thompson  and  H.  C.  Dahl  for 
$2286.  John  S.  Willard,  receiver  for  the 
business  of  J.  M.  Guffey,  of  Pittsburg, 
has  begun  suit  upon  a  note  for  $130,427, 
originally  executed  by  the  company  to  J. 
M.  Guffey.  Thomas  B.  McKaig  has 
brought  suit  upon  a  note  for  S2454  and 
U'.  J.  Johnson  for  $3685.  The  company's 
mine  has  not  been  in  operation  for  sev- 
eral vears. 


Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 

Goldfield  Consolidated — The  tempor- 
ary shortage  in  water  has  been  relieved 
and  the  mill  is  now  operating  at  maxi- 
mum capacity,  about  925  tons  daily.  The 
new  pipe  line  from  the  fire  tank  on  Co- 
lumbia mountain  is  almost  completed 
and  in  case  the  regular  supply  fails,  mine 
water  will  be  used   for  milling  purposes. 

Red  Top  Extension — After  a  long  per- 
iod of  inactivity,  the  company  has  started 
operations  on  the  Bull  Dog  Fraction.  The 
Bull  Dog  is  surrounded  by  the  Red  Top, 
Miss  Tcssie  and  Clermont  claims  of  the 
Goldfield  Consolidated,  and  the  Vina- 
geronc  and  Polverde  of  the  Jumbo  Ex- 
tension. A  large  tonnage  of  low-grade 
ore  has  been  developed  by  former  op- 
erations. 

Florence  Extension — An  amply  fi- 
nanced California  syndicate  has  taken 
hold  of  the  property  in  the  nope  of  re- 
covering the  lost  Little  Florence  oreshoot. 
The  workings  are  already  being  de- 
watered. 

Coalition  Crown — An  orebody  just  ex- 
riised  on  the  .300- ft.  level  is  reported  to 
^  iinple  exceptionally   high.     It  has  been 

"sscut  5   ft.    with   the   second   wall   not 

'    in   sight.     The   property   is   in   Raw- 

Je. 


Gold  field  Annex — At  1020  ft.  stringers 
of  quartz  carrying  low-grade  ore  are  en- 
tering the  latite.  The  formation  is  similar 
to  that  encountered  before  entering  the 
shipping  ore  encountered  at  800  feet. 
Nye  County 

Tonopah — The  record  of  last  week  is 
the  best  in  the  history  of  the  mine  in 
amount  of  development.  New  footage 
amounts  to  663  ft.  exclusive  of  sloping 
operations.  Results  were  exceptionally 
gratifying  in  the  Silver  Top  workings. 

Tonopah-Belmont — The  new  steel  head 
frame  being  erected  on  the  recently  wid- 
ened Belmont  shaft  is  the  largest  in  this 
district. 

Tonopah  Extension — The  mill,  with  30 
stamps,  crushes  120  tons  daily,  effecting 
a  saving  of  better  than  90  per  cent.  The 
semi-monthly  cyanide  cleanup  for  last 
half  of  July  produced  nearly  $15,000  in 
bullion. 


New  Mexico 
Socorro  County 

The  Mogollon-Silver  City  stage  was 
held  up  on  Aug.  6.  The  bandits  shot  the 
Mexican  driver,  took  the  strong  box  keys 
fiom  his  pocket,  looted  the  mail  sacks 
and  express  packages,  and  carried  off  the 
bullion  of  the  Socorro  Mines  Company 
and  the  Ernestine  Mining  Company, 
which  were  making  their  weekly  ship- 
ment from  the  mines  to  Silver  City  for 
shipment  to  New  York.  It  is  reported 
that  the  bullion  has  been  recovered.  This 
is  the  second  holdup  within  two  weeks. 

Socorro  Mines — The  management  has 
decided  on  the  installation  of  another 
Harvey-Steele  tilting  furnace  to  facilitate 
melting  the  bullion,  the  present  equip- 
ment now  being  inadequate  owing  to  the 
increased  production.  This  week  about 
1400  lb.  of  refined  gold  and  silver  were 
cast  into  bars  weighing  about  100  lb. 
each.  The  vein  on  the  600  level  west 
has  widened  to  12  ft.  The  width  is  23 
ft.  where  last  crosscut  on  600  east.  This, 
the  lowest  level,  is  furnishing  the  best  ore. 

Ernestine — The  president  of  the  com- 
pany will  arrive  in  camp  at  an  early 
date  after  an  extended  absence  of  sev- 
eral months.  Mine  and  mill  are  in  full 
operation. 

Ohio 
Columbus  &  Hocking  Coal  and  Iron 
Company — The  bondholders'  committee 
has  submitted  a  plan  of  reorganization, 
under  which  the  property  is  to  be  sold  at 
foreclosure  sale  and  a  new  company  or- 
ganized with  $4,000,000,  stock  and  $2,- 
000,000  bonds.  The  division  of  the  new 
securities  is  to  be  made  as  follows:  To 
present  holders  of  first  mortgage  5  per 
cent,  bonds,  75  per  cent  of  the  principal 
in  new  first  mortgage  bonds;  to  holders 
of  second  mortgage  6  per  cent,  bonds, 
75  per  cent,  of  the  principal  in  new  first 
mortgage    bonds;     to    present   preferred 


stockholders  who  pay  SIO  a  share,  par 
in  new  first  mortgage  bonds  for  such 
payment  and  an  amount  of  new  common 
stock  equal  to  par  of  their  present  hold- 
ings of  preferred;  to  common  stockhold- 
ers who  pay  SIO  a  share,  par  in  new  first 
mortgage  bonds  and  an  amount  of  new 
common  stock  equal  to  50  per  cent,  of 
their  present  holdings. 

Oklahoma 

The  production  of  the  Oklahoma  mines 
for  the  month  of  July  was  1.247,390  lb. 
of  blende,  533,485  lb.  of  galena  and  14,- 
550  lb.  of  calamine  with  a  total  value  of 
$30,021. 


Oregon 

Lane  County 

Vesuvius — F.  J.  Hard,  manager,  has 
just  returned  from  the  East  and  has  re- 
sumed operations  at  the  mine.  Develop- 
ment work  is  continually  uncovering  more 
rich  ore.     The  mine   is  near  Bohemia. 

Golden  Slipper — Mr.  Lilly  has  let  a 
contract  for  a  100-ft.  tunnel  on  this  prop- 
erty situated  near  Bohemia.  He  reports 
good  ore  in  the  face  of  the  drift. 

Oregon  &  Southeastern  Railroad — A 
contract  has  been  let  for  a  mile  of  rock 
work,  and  as  soon  as  this  is  completed 
another  extension  will  be  made,  thus 
bringing  this  road  near  the  Bohemia 
mines. 

Pennsylvania 

Anthracite  Coal 
Bear  Valley  Colliery— The  fire  in  this 
colliery,  near  Shamokin,  which  was  sup- 
posed to  have  been  extinguished,  has 
bioken  out  again  and  the  mine  is  in  a 
dangerous  condition.  It  belongs  to  the 
Reading  Company. 

Bituminous  Coal 
Pennsylvania .  Coal  and  Coke  Com- 
pany— Fire  on  Aug.  5  destroyed  the  boiler 
house,  engine  house,  tipple  and  office  of 
this  company's  No.  9  mine  between 
Cresson  and  Gallitzen.  All  the  me  i  in 
the  mine  were  brought  out  uninjured. 
The  loss  is  about,  $100,000,  not  count- 
ing a  quantity  of  coal  ready  for  ship- 
ment. 

Utah 

Beaver  County 

Dragon  Iron — Three  shifts  are  em- 
ployed in  sinking  the  shaft  from  the  600- 
ft.  level.  Work  will  be  pushed.  It  is 
planned  to  sink  to  the  1000-ft.  level  to 
prospect  the  ground  below  the  heavy  iron 
deposits. 

Bullock — Work  was  resumed  July  23, 
after  a  shut-down  of  two  weeks,  caused 
by  an  accident  to  the  engine. 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell— The  shaft  has 
reached  3.50  ft.,  and  50  ft.  of  raising  has 
been  done  from  the  1000-ft.  level.  The 
work  is  being  done  to  make  connections. 

Scranton — The  strike  made  in  the  Del 


338 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


Monte  section  of  the  property  has  been 
followed  43  ft.  High-grade  zinc  and  lead 
ore  is  exposed,  and  the  limits  of  the 
body   have  not  been   determined. 

Primrose — Arrangements  are  being 
made  by  Salt  Lake  interests  to  lease  the 
Primrose  mine  near  Silver  City.  This 
property  is  reported  to  have  produced 
lead-silver  ore  of  good  quality  from  shal- 
low workngs,  and  to  have  ceased  opera- 
tions on  encountering  copper  ore  with 
depth. 

Tintic-Humholdt — A  fissure  carrying 
iron-stained  quartz  and  some  lead  car- 
bonate has  been  encountered  by  the  cross- 
cut on  the  100-ft.  level. 

Lower  Mammoth — .\  drift  on  the  2000- 
ft.  level  is  being  extended  to  prospect 
for  the  ore  opened  some  time  ago  by 
a  winze   from   the    1800-ft.   level. 

Grand  Central — The  orebody  developed 
on  the  2 100- ft.  level  and  drifted  on  500 
ft.,  is  30  ft.  and  upward  wide,  and  is  said 
to  have  attained  a  width  of  200  ft.  in 
places.  Ore  is  being  broken  with  drills 
and  shipped  without  sorting.  This  ore- 
body  has  been  encountered  on  the  2200- 
ft.  level,  but  has  not  been  extensively 
developed  here. 

Unele  Joe — Drilling  is  being  done   on 
this  property  near  Goshen,  and  two  veins 
carrying  gold   and   silver  have   been   cut. 
Tooele  County 

Bullion  Coalition — The  main  Honerine 
tunnel  at  Stockton  is  being  extended,  and 
the  incline  retimbered  from  the  600-  to  the 
m.ain-tunnel  level — about  700  ft.  This 
ground  will  be  thoroughly  prospected. 
Most  of  the  18  or  20  sets  of  lessees  at 
work  are  making  regular  shipments. 

Buffalo  Consolidated — A  car  of  ore  has 
been  shipped  from  this  property  at  Ophir. 

Cliif — Development  work  is  being  car- 
ried on  in  the  middle  tunnel,  which  is 
further  to  the  west  than  the  upper  levels. 
Several  bunches  of  ore  have  been  cut. 
Between  60  and  70  tons  of  ore,  taken 
from  eight  places  in  the  mine,  are  pro- 
duced   daily. 

Dry  Canon— A  car  of  ore  was  shipped 
recently,  which  assayed:  gold,  0.34  oz.; 
silver,  46  oz.;  lead,  27.8  per  cent.;  cop- 
per, 2.39  per  cent.;  iron,  14.4  per  cent. 
This  ore  came  from  the  incline,  which  is 
down  900  feet. 

Daisy  Combination—  At  this  property, 
3'/.  miles  from  Mercur,  a  mill  and  slimes 
plant  similar  to  that  at  the  Boston  Sun- 
shine has  been  installed,  and  some  of  the 
old-time   refractory   ore   is  being  treated. 

Consolidated  Mercur — The  cleanup  for 
June  amounted  to  between  S45,000  and 
$50,000. 

Washington 

Ferry  County 

Alice  E — Development   work    is   to    be 

started  at  once  on  this  group  of  claims. 

The  property  adjoins  the   First  Thought. 

Pacific   Ore — A   contract   has   been   let 


for  a  120-ton  crushing  and  cyanide  plant 
to  be   installed  at  once. 

Kettle  River — An  order  has  been  placed 
for  a  50-ton  concentrating  mill  for  this 
silver-lead  property.  E.  W.  Scothorn,  of 
Orient,  is  manager. 

First  Thought — A  plan  is  under  way  to 
install  a  large  cyanide  plant  on  this  prop- 
erty near  Orient. 

West  Virginia 

Dai'is  Coal  and  Coke  Company — This 
company  is  now  opening  three  new  shafts 
and  one  drift  mine  near  Thomas,  and  the 
plants  are  to  be  fireproof  constructions 
and  include  central  power  station  at 
Thomas.  The  present  daily  output  is 
8000  tons  and  it  is  proposed  to  increase 
it  4000  tons.  Lee  Ott,  of  Thomas,  is 
general  superintendent. 


Canada 

Nova  Scotia 

Acadia  Coal  Company — This  company 
has  secured  about  SI, 000,000  new  capi- 
tal from  the  sale  of  stock  to  French  and 
Belgian  investors.  Emile  Franqui,  of 
Brussels,  Belgium,  has  been  chosen  first 
vice-president.  The  new  capital  will  be 
used  in  opening  new  mines  and  installing 
new  machinery  at  the  company's  plant  at 
Picton,  enlarging  the  productive  capacity 
from  300,000  to  600,000  tons  yearly. 

Canada  Iron  Corporation — John  J. 
Drummond  of  this  company  announces 
that  ore  will  be  shipped  from  the  new 
mines  near  Bathurst  by  th»  middle  of 
August.  The  company  will  mine  about 
1000  tons  per  day  to  fill  orders  from  the 
United  States  and  England. 
Ontario 

Shipments  of  ore  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  July  29.  were  as  follows: 
Buffalo,  61,790  lb.;  Chambers-Ferland, 
6^,000;  Crown  Reserve,  126,330;  Kerr 
Lake,  445,900;  La  Rose,  325,900;  Nipis- 
sing,  184,550;  Temiskaming,  192,480; 
AlcKinley-Darragh,  119,750;  Cobalt  Cen- 
tral, 84,000;  total  1.604,700  pounds. 

Temiskaming — High-grade  ore  is  being 
taken  out  on  the  400-ft.  level,  the  vein 
showing  some  enrichment  at  depth.  The 
main  shaft  is  now  down  about  500  ft. 
at  which  depth  another  level  will  be 
started.  The  mill  is  treating  about  100 
tons  of  ore  daily. 

Chance — A  Detroit  syndicate  has  pur- 
chased this  property  iii  Munroe  township. 
Several  veins  showing  free  gold  have  been 
found.  A  company  will  be  formed  and  a 
plant  installed. 

Vipond — The  working  force  has  been 
reduced,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  getting 
in  provisions  into  Porcupine.  Twenty  men 
are  working  on  two  veins,  which  have 
been  opened  up  for  over  300  ft.  One 
of  them,  18  in.  wide  on  the  surface,  has 
widened  at  the  20-ft.  level  to  3  ft.  Free 
gold  is  shown  through  its  entire  length. 
The  other  vein  also  widens  at  depth. 


Quebec 
Graphite  Limited — Col.  Charles  A. 
Smart,  president,  recently  made  an  in- 
spection of  the  property,  comprising  700 
acres.  A  recent  find  of  high-grade  molyb- 
denite is  regarded  as  materially  increas- 
ing its  value. 

Mexico 

SONORA 

Greene-Cananea — The  electrical  de- 
partment is  being  enlarged  and  made 
more  efficient.  It  is  intended  that  light 
and  power  shall  be  furnished  to  mines 
two  miles  distant  from  the  plant,  where 
heretofore  the  power  has  been  generated 
by  a  smaller  plant  at  the  mine  itself. 
At  the  Puertocitois  mine  the  output  has 
been  heavy  and  is  being  increased  as 
more  territory  is  being  opened  up. 

Zacatecas 

A  movement  is  on  foot  to  organize 
a  miners'  association  for  the  purpose  of 
attracting  the  attention  of  capital  to  the 
immediate  Zacatecas  district.  The  ad- 
vance in  silver  has  resulted  in  the  open- 
ing of  many  new  prospects,  as  well  as 
increasing  working  forces  on  all  the 
shipping  mines.  The  outlook  is  good 
for  a  prosperous  season   for  the  district. 

Zacatecas  Metallurgical  Company — The 
new  cyanide  plant  at  San  Cristobal  mine 
is  nearly  ready  for  operation.  The  work 
of  building  the  plant  and  installing  the 
machinery,  tanks,  etc.,  has  been  in  charge 
of  Parish  McDonald.  William  Larson  is 
mine  superintendent. 

San  Roberto — The  mill  is  producing 
one  carload  of  concentrates  per  week. 
The  larger  part  of  the  concentration  is 
carried  on  by  hand  jigs,  planillas  and 
hand  washing. 

Africa 

West  Africa 
Gold  production  in  June  was  17,194 
oz.,  being  604  oz.  more  than  in  May.  For 
the  six  months  ended  June  30  the  total 
was  131,341  oz.  bullion  in  1909,  and  102,- 
107  oz.  in  1910;  a  decrease  of  29,234  oz. 
The  bullion  reported  this  year  was  equal 
to  S2,032,000,  or  98,307  oz.  fine  gold. 

Asia 

Korea 
Oriental    Consolidated — The    result    of 
the  July  cleanup  was  S97,000,  according 
to  cable  advices. 


South    America 

British  Guiana 
Gold  exports  for  the  six  months  ended 
July  I  were  30,770  o/.  bullion  in  1909, 
and  26,977  in  1910;  a  decrease  of  3793 
oz.  The  bullion  reported  this  year  was 
equal  to  S466,544,  or  22,571  oz.  fine  gold. 
Exports  of  diamonds  this  year  were  1850 
carats,  valued  at  $10,707;  a  decrease  of 
360  carats. 


August  13,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


339 


J^  J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


^        x^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions    and   Commercial    Statistics 


Review 


New  \ork,  Aug.  10 — The  coal  trade 
presents  a  sharp  contrast  in  the  East  and 
in  the  West  at  the  present  time.  In  the 
East  trade  is  reported  dull  and  prices  are 
low,  because  there  is  an  undoubted  over- 
supply.  Coal  of  good  quality  has  been 
sold  at  the  seaboard  at  prices  less  than 
the  cost  of  mining  and  hauling.  There 
are  no  signs  that  this  condition  will  im- 
prove, as  long  as  the  mines  continue  to 
keep  up   their  output. 

In  the  West,  on  the  other  hand,  not 
only  is  business  more  active  and  con- 
sumption consequently  larger,  but  the 
stoppage  of  mines  in  several  important 
districts  has  resulted  in  a  short  supply. 
The  result  is  that  at  the  large  consuming 
centers  coal  is  scarce  and  prices  have  ad- 
vanced. In  smaller  places  also  supplies 
are  light  and  high  prices  have  to  be  paid. 
The  settlement  of  the  strikes  in  Il- 
linois and  the  Southwest  depends  largely 
upon  the  result  of  the  general  convention 
of  the  United  Mine  Workers,  which  meets 
in  Indianapolis  tomorrow.  The  conven- 
tion is  likely  to  be  an  exciting  one. 

Strike  Conditions — President  Lewis  has 

issued  a  call  for  a  general  convention  of 

the   United   Mine   Workers  to  be   held   at 

Indianapolis,  Aug.  I  1.    The  objects  of  the 

:onvention  are  to  consider  the  strike  sit- 

jation  in  those  districts  where  wage  con- 

racts    have    not     been     negotiated     and 

igreed  upon.     To  make  clear  the  position 

)f  the  United  Mine  Workers  on  the  ques- 

ion  of  complying  with  and  enforcing  the 

erms  of  wage  contracts.     To  take  such 

lotion   as   necessary   to   require   the   of- 

icers  and  members  of  the   United   Mine 

Workers  to  respect  and  comply  with  the 

uthority   of   the    international    executive 

ird.     To  consider  ways  and   means  to 

-e  funds  to  support  members  who  are 

n   strike    and    can    negotiate    no    settle- 

fients. 
Coal  Traffic  Notes 
Anthracite-coal  shipments  in  July  were 
JO2,059  tons,  being   l,UUi,0ti4  tons  less 
lan  in  June,  but  181,294  tons  more  than 
July,    1909.      For    the    seven    months 
'•d  July  31  the  shipments  were,  in  long 


IMO.  ClianK(>8. 

T.UVJ.dlK      I.     'JT-i.!'*! 


I'.KKl. 

llilK r..771'.;l.''."i 

L'h  Vnlley..  .    s.niiK.wa  ri..''.iKi.4r,ii  i.  i;iK),i!m 

I   ivnti-nl 4,.1()n.r.lli  4.t<.13.2f.9  I.  :«:i.7.t(i 

^awnntin .'»,47it,;*.'t7  R.I»;l2,"J.'i.^  I.  lI'i.KllM 

.V  Hiiilsmi....    S.BOii.fja  :),fiSl .'iM  D.  1-J7.SIW 

iisylviiiila 3.34C,37i)  3,44<),n'J0  I.  1(W,241 

' 4.477,:MH  4,2«l>.34fi  D.  2:17.002 

Y.Ont.  fewest.    l.fiOJ.r>2.'i  l,.V.W.,'i79  D.  .1.044 

i""tnl 3ri.'172.4!ir.  37,01«,«l)7  I.  I,(l44,.3ia 

The   total   increase   was  2.9  per  cent. 


Three  of  the  companies — the  Delaware  & 
Hudson,  the  Erie  and  the  New  York, 
Ontario  &  Western — show  decreases.  The 
Lehigh  Valley  shows  a  large  gain  and  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  a  good 
one;  while  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading, 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
and  the  Pennsylvania  made  smaller  in- 
creases. 

New  York 
Anthracite 

Aug.  10 — There  is  nothing  new-  in  the 
anthracite  trade.  July  production  showed 
a  heavy  decrease  from  June,  but  was 
larger  than  that  of  July  last  year.  Stop- 
pages for  holidays  and  for  repairs  make 
July  always  a  slow  month.  The  collieries 
are  threatened  with  short  water  supply, 
owing  to  the  unusual  drought. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
now  S4.65  for  broken  and  S4.90  for  egg, 
stove  and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor points.  For  steam  sizes,  current 
quotations  are:  Pea,  $2,951(3.25;  buck- 
wheat, ,S2.15i''(2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or 
rice,  S1.65(V/2;  barley,  S1.351/ 1.50;  all 
according  to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor. 

BiTU.MINOUS 

Demand  from  New  England  and  New 
York  harbor  points  has  fallen  off,  and 
the  market  has  been  unmistakably  dull. 
Prices  have  fallen  sharply.  Fair  qualities 
of  A\iller  vein  steam  coal  can  be  had  at 
SI  at  mine.  A  lot  sold  under  demurrage 
this  week  brought  a  price  which  realized 
only  55c.  per  ton  at  mine. 

Car  supply  continues  good,  but  trans- 
portation is  slow.  As  usual  at  this  sea- 
son, special  trains  and  excursion  traffic 
interfere  with  the  movement  of  coal 
trains. 

In  the  coastwise  trade  more  vessels 
have  come  in.  This  and  the  dull  trade 
have  brought  about  a  break  in  rates. 
From  Philadelphia  boats  can  be  had  at 
651/ 70c.  to  Boston,  Salem  and  Portland. 
From  New  York,  schooners  have  offered 
to  take  charters  as  low  as  45c.  to  ports 
around  Cape  Cod. 

Birmingham 

Aug.  8 — Coal  operations  in  Alabam.t 
are  active  and  the  production  is  large. 
The  coal  is  being  handled  promptly  by 
the  railroads.  Some  of  the  coal  com- 
panies are  making  preparations  against 
anv  possible  car  shortage  the  coming  fall 
and  winter.  One  concern  has  installed 
3  box-car  loading  machine  so  that  coal 
can  be  placed  in  box  cars,  if  it  becomes 


necessary.  Contracts  for  coal  have  been 
coming  into  this  district  from  the  West 
and  Louisiana. 

The  coke  demand  is  strong  and  produc- 
tion is  being  kept  up.  There  is  no  ac- 
cumulation of  coke. 

Chicago 

Aug.  8 — Sales  of  coal  have  increased 
with  the  general  knowledge  among  con- 
sumers that  the  Lewis  plan  to  settle  the 
strike  in  Illinois  has  not  met  with  support 
from  the  miners.  Nearly  all  the  buying 
is  on  a  week-to-week  or  at  most  month- 
to-month  basis,  consumers  of  large  and 
small  amounts  alike  refusing  to  put  in 
storage  supplies  or  to  make  contracts  for 
more  than  a  month  ahead,  in  the  expecta- 
tion that  prices  will  drop  with  the  re- 
sumption of  supplies  from  the  mines  of 
this  State.  In  the  absence  of  any  marked 
change  in  the  present  conditions  of  pro- 
duction and  of  consumption.  Indiana 
coals  dominate  the  market  as  for  several 
weeks  heretofore,  selling  at  $21(2.15  for 
lump,  SI. 901/ 2  for  run-of-mine  and 
Sl.901/2.15  for  screenings.  The  princi- 
pal size  in  demand  continues  to  be 
screenings  and  this  will  probably  be  the 
case  throughout  August. 

Eastern  coals  are  in  good  demand  and 
almost  featureless,  the  only  change  worth 
noting  being  in  smokeless,  which  is  in 
stronger  demand  as  a  result  of  storage 
by  those  who  used  this  coal  regularly 
in  apartment  buildings  and  hotels  and 
may  have  occasion  for  steam-making  in 
September.  Smokeless  is  firm  at  circular 
prices,  $3  55  for  lump  and  egg  and  $3.15 
for  run-of-mine.  Hocking  is  firm  and 
also  in  good  demand  at  $3.15;  Youghio- 
gheny  at  $.?.22  for  M-'n.,  and  Pittsburg 
No.  8  at  $2.85  for  the  same  size. 

Cleveland 

Aug.  8 — Lake  trade  shows  some  de- 
crease, and  shipments  recently  have  been 
rather  slow.  Local  trade  is  improving, 
and  while  there  is  coal  enough  there  is 
no  oversupply.  and  prices  are  firm. 

Middle-district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland,  is 
$2.15  for  l<4-in.,  $2  for  H-in.,  S1.80  for 
run-of-mine  and  $1,551/  1.65  for  slack. 
No.  8  and  Cambridge  districts  about  10c. 
higher.  Pocahontas  has  been  advanced 
.-.nd  is  now  $3.10,  Cleveland,  for  lump 
and  egg  and  $2.60   for  run-of-mine. 


Indianapolis 

The  coal-mining  business  in  Indiana 
continues  brisk  and  there  are  few  or  no 
idle  mines.  The  mining  industry  has  had 
to    keep    pace    with    increasing    popula- 


340 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13,  1910. 


tion  and  industries;  but  the  labor  troubles 
in  other  mining  territory  have  been  con- 
ducive to  the  big  business  done  by  the 
Indiana  mines. 

The  impression  prevails  among  coal 
men  that  a  decided  increase  in  price  at 
the  mine  and  in  the  market  is  to  be  ex- 
pected before  winter.  The  railroads  in 
Indiana  that  raised  the  rates  on  coal  in 
June  have  notified  the  Railroad  Com- 
mission of  Indiana  that  these  rates  are 
suspended  until  Nov.  1.  This  announce- 
ment will  have  a  tendency  to  induce  re- 
tail dealers  and  large  consumers  to  stock 
up  before  that  date. 


Pittsburg 

.4i,£r.  9 — The  local  market  has  been  ex- 
tremely quiet,  consumption  having  de- 
creased. There  is  a  little  more  cutting 
upon  occasion,  but  the  quotable  market 
remains  at  S1.20C((  1.25  for  mine-run  and 
nut,  S1.30  for  J/i-in.,  $1.50  for  domestic 
I'.j-in.  lump  and  70r«  80c.  for  slack,  per 
ton  at  mines. 

Connellsville  Cofce— The  market  has 
been  extremely  quiet  in  furnace  coke. 
No  new  contracts  have  been  made,  while 
in  prompt  there  has  been  practically  no 
demand  and  very  little  coke  offered.  The 
Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany has  closed  for  its  coke,  placing  two 
contracts,  one  for  12  months  to  Aug.  1 
next,  and  one  for  11  months  to  July  1 
next,  aggregating  10  to  15  cars  weekly 
at  a  shade  under  S2.25,  for  standard  72- 
hour  foundry  coke.  Prompt  foundry 
coke  can  be  quoted  5c.  higher,  other 
prices  being  unchanged.  We  quote 
standard  grades  of  Connellsville  coke: 
Prompt  furnace,  .$1.65r,/  1.70;  contract 
fi'i-nace  (nominal),  S1.75i''/ 1.85:  prompt 
foundry,  S2.15fr(2.25;  contract  foundry, 
S2.25r((2.50   at   ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  week  ended  .luly  30  at  409,20!i  tons, 
and  shipments  at  3931  cars  to  Pittsburg, 
5326  cars  to  points  west  and  1040  cars  to 
points  east,  a  total  of  10,297  cars. 

St.  Louis 

Aug.  8 — With  all  mines  in  the  fifth  and 
ninth  districts  of  Illinois  running  to  their 
maximum  for  the  last  (iO  days,  supply 
and  demand  remained  balanced  to  a 
nicety  and  prices  remained  stationary  and 
moderate,  being  about  20c.  per  ton  above 
the  cost  of  production.  However,  this 
week  the  commencement  of  fall  buying 
destroyed  this  balance  and  now  demand 
is  outrunning  the  supply,  consequently 
the  market  has  advanced  about  25c.  per 
ton  all  down  the  line.  There  is  very  little 
free  coal  on  the  market  as  the  larger 
part  of  the  tonnage  is  still  being  ap- 
plied on  old  orders  taken  at  lower  prices; 
however,  in  the  course  of  the  next  two 
weeks  most  of  these  will  be  cleaned  up 
and  there  will  be  large  available  ton- 
nage for  those  who  wish  to  pay  the 
price. 


The  anthracite  situation  opened  up  for 
August  better  than  was  anticipated.  The 
demand  is  fair  for  all  sizes  and  prices 
firm.  The  last  of  July  was  characterized 
by  efforts  to  dispose  of  demurrage  coal 
at  considerable  concessions  off  circular 
and  it  is  rather  a  surprise  that  the  m"ar- 
ket  should  be  restored  to  a  normal  basis 
so  soon. 

Current  prices  are  as  follows  for  the 
St.  Louis  market: 

St. 
Illinois.  Standard:  Mine.     Louis. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg SI  ..'lO     S2.02 

2-in.  kunp  and  nut  1.30       1-82 

lline-run 1   20       1,72 

.Screenings 1 .  10       1 .62 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 1 .  00       2 .  42 

3-in.  nut 1.7.T       2.27 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 1 ,  70  2  ,  22 

2-in.  nut 1.60  2.12 

Mine-run 1 .  50  2 .  02 

Screenings 1.50  2.02 

('arterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 1   90  2 ,  57 

3-in.  nut 1  50  2   17 

.Mine-run 1    .50  1   97 

.Screenings 1 .  25  1 .  92 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 175       4,25 

Mine-run 1 .  50       4 .  00 

Pennsylvania  .Anthracite: 

Nut.  stove  or  egg 6,S5 

Urate 6 .  60 

.\rkansis  .\nthracite: 

Egg  or  grat  e 3 .  33       5.35 

Colie: 

Connellsvilli'  toundr.v  5.40 

Gas  house 4 ,  90 

Smithing 4  ,  15 

East  St.  Louis,  111.,  prices  are  20c.  per 
ton  less  than  St.  Louis  prices  on  soft  coal. 


k 


FOREIGN  COAL-TRADE 


German  Coal  Production — Coal  pro- 
duction of  German  Empire,  five  months 
ended  May  31,  metric  tons: 

1909. 


Coal 

Brown  coal. 


59,931,08-2 
•27.026,370 


191(1. 

60,782.144 

26.959.305 


Changes. 

I.     861.(iri2 

D.       67.IIC.5 


783.997 


8011.823 
171.875 


Total  mined..    80.957,452      87,741.449 

Coke  made 8,r>S3,.')07        9.490.;)30 

Briquets  made.      7,39r).082        7,."il'.(:,9.i7 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year 
5,830.334  tons  were  made  from  brov.-n 
coal  or  lignite. 


IRON  TRADE-REVIEW 


New  York,  Aug.  10 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  have  shown  even  less  activity, 
and  upon  the  whole  have  been  marked 
by  August  dullness. 

Buying  of  pig  iron  has  been  light,  both 
for  foundry  and  steel-making  irons.  Some 
further  curtailment  in  production  has  been 
made,  but  it  is  still  reported  that  unsold 
stocks  are  large,  and  consumers  will  not 
do  business  except  at  shaded  prices. 
Southern  foundry  and  forge  have  been 
pressed,  and  it  is  admitted  that  there  are 
stocks  of  .300,000  tons  in  the  Birmingham 
district. 

In  finished  material  trade  has  been 
rather  better  than  in  pig  iron.  Structural 
steel  is  still  the  leader,  and  small  orders 
are  in  evidence.    Small  building  material 


sells  well.  On  the  whole  there  is  a  good 
volume  of  business,  all  things  considered, 
but  it  is  not  up  to  the  requirements  of 
the  mills;  consequently  prices  are  not 
firm. 

The  average  monthly  make  of  pig  iron 
for  the  first  half  of  the  year,  according 
to  the  figures  of  the  American  Iron  and 
Steel  Association,  was  2,502,000  tons  in 
round  figures.  The  output  for  July  is 
estimated  at  2,177,500  tons,  showing  a 
reduction  of  13  per  cent,  from  the  six 
months'  average.  Compared  with  Febru- 
ary, when  the  rate  of  production  was 
heaviest,  the  decrease  is  over  19  per  cent. 
The  make  for  the  first  half  was  at  the 
rate  of  30,000,000  tons  a  year;  for  July, 
it  was  at  the  rate  of  about  26.000,000' 
tons. 

Pig  Iron  Production — The  reports  of 
the  blast  furnaces,  as  collected  and  pub- 
lished by  the  Iron  Age,  show  that  on 
Aug.  1  there  were  256  coke  and  anthra- 
cite stacks  in  blast,  having  a  total  daily 
capacity  of  68,750  tons;  a  decrease  of 
4500  tons  as  compared  with  July  1,  and 
of  15,400  tons  as  compared  with  Jan.  1. 
Making  allowance  for  the  charcoal  fur- 
naces, the  estimated  make  of  pig  iron  in 
July  was  2,177,500  tons.  This,  added  to 
the  official  report  for  the  first  half  of  the 
year,  makes  a  total  for  the  seven  months 
ended  July  31  of  17,189,900  tons. 


Baltimore 

Aug.  8 — Imports  for  the  week  included 
1438  tons  ferromanganese  and  26  tons 
silicospiegel  from  Liverpool;  50  casks 
manganese  ore  from  Hamburg;  37,550 
tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 

Birmingham 

Aug.  8 — The  Southern  pig-iron  market 
continues  quiet.  Manufacturers  are  hold- 
ing for  SI  1.50  per  ton.  No.  2  foundry,  and 
no  offer  is  moving  them,  apparently.  The 
reports  that  some  of  the  iron  makers 
in  this  section  have  been  selling  iron  at 
SI  1  per  ton  cannot  be  verified.  The  make 
in  Alabama  during  the  month  of  Juh 
went  above  140,000  tons 

Unless  there  is  an  improvement  in  con- 
ditions in  the  near  future,  further  cur- 
tailment in  steel  production  is  proposed. 
The  big  plant  of  the  Tennessee  companv 
at  Ensley  may  be  shut  down  for  a  few- 
weeks.  The  steel  plant  of  the  Southern  ' 
Iron  and  Steel  Company  at  Gadsden  if 
now  down,  but  there  is  an  accumulated 
stock  of  billets  at  this  place  which  is  be- 
ing worked  off.  It  is  estimated  that  there 
is  between  200,000  and  300,000  tons  of 
accumulated  pig  iron  in  Alabama.  A 
little  iron  was  removed  from  these  pile.' 

recently.  _, 
I 


Chicago 

Aug.  S^The  iron  market  continues  to  J 
be  flabby  for  pig  iron  and  finished  mater- 
ials alike.    Sales  of  pig  iron  are  light  and! 
for  small   lots  scattered   about  the  Chi-| 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


341 


cago  district.  Inquiries  for  large  ton- 
nage, while  showing  more  interest  than 
was  displayed  among  melters  last  week, 
are  hardly  numerous  enough  to  excite 
hope  on  the  part  of  sales  agents.  The 
curtailment  of  pig  iron  production  does 
not  yet  help  the  situation  for  the  fur- 
naces, because  users  of  iron  seem  to  see 
in  this  only  another  evidence  of  their 
long-existing  belief  that  overproductioi 
has  caused  the  accumulation  of  stocks 
that  will  keep  prices  of  pig  iron  low  for 
a  long  time.  Buying  is  for  delivery  wfth- 
m  the  next  30  to  90  days,  with  a  little 
general  fourth-quarter  business  and  a 
few  inquiries  for  191 1  tonnage.  South- 
ern No.  2  is  said  to  be  obtainable  at  Sll 
Birmingham,  or  S15..35  Chicago;  the  price 
commonly  quoted  still  is  SI  1.50  Birming- 
ham. Northern  holds  to  S16.50  for  No.  2. 
These  prices  apply  to  early  delivery  on 
last  quarter  and  1911  delivery  quota- 
tions are  25c.  or  50c.  higher,  though 
hardly  more  than   nominal. 

Coke  is  rather  weaker,  at  S4.85  for  the 
best  Connellsville. 


Philadelphia 

Aug.  10 — The  crude-iron  market  ap- 
pears to  have  reached  the  extreme  limit 
of  inactivity.  A  month  ago  quite  an 
amount  of  business  was  in  sight  and 
makers  counted  upon  closing  for  large 
quantities  for  fall  and  winter  delivery, 
much  of  the  material  being  for  the  New 
England  States.  For  some  reasons  scarce- 
ly any  of  this  business  has  been  booked. 
There  is  no  room  for  further  shading. 
This  is  simply  a  waiting  period  and  only 
current  and  urgent  requirements  are  like- 
ly to  be  covered.  Best  No.  2  X  foundry 
is  held  at  .SI6.50;  best  forge,  S15.50; 
basic  at  the  same  figure. 

Steel  Billets — Billets  have  weakened 
under  Western  influences  but  recent  of- 
ferings have  met  with  no  response  among 
consumers. 

Bars — Bars  are  dull,  no  new  orders  of 
moment  having  been  booked.  Common 
iron  deliveries  are  being  hurried  to  con- 
sumers who  appear  anxious  to  get  control 
of  all  the  iron  they  can. 

Sheet — Sheet  has  also  weakened  par- 
ticularly on  galvanized.  Buyers  wait  for 
further  developments. 

Pipes  and  Tubes— A  few  trifling  orders 
have  been  placed,  calling  for  quick  de- 
livery. A  good  business  is  being  done  In 
cast  pipe. 


Pittsburg 

Aug.  9 — Some  steel  interests  report  a 
slight  improvement  this  month  over  last 
in  fpecifications  for  finished  steel.  All 
unite  in  stating  that  new  business  is  ex- 
tremely light.  It  seems  likely  that  pro- 
duction will  have  to  be  decreased  further. 
Producers  are  taking  a  very  conservative 
view  of  the  future  and  are  far  from 
optimistic. 

Prices    of    finished-steel    products    are 


V, ell  held  at  new  levels  as  they  are  de- 
veloped by  reductions.  Plates  and  shapes 
remain  at  1.40c.,  PittsOurg,  S3  a  ton  be- 
low the  opening  price  of  the  year.  Steel 
bars  are  at  a  minimum  of  I.40c.,  which 
has  lately  been  done  as  noted  in  last 
report,  but  some  sales  of  small  lots  are 
still  made  at  1.45c.  for  early  delivery. 

Pig  Iron — A  sale  of  2000  tons  of  basic 
iron  was  made  late  last  week  at  SI 4. 10, 
Valley.  The  United  Steel  Company,  Can- 
ton, O.,  mentioned  in  last  report  as  in- 
quiring for  10,000  to  12,000  tons  of 
fcurth-quarter  basic,  has  bought  about 
5000  tons  from  a  Cleveland  interest,  at  a 
price  not  ascertainable.  Cherry  Valley 
furnace,  at  Leetonia,  O.,  will  blow  out  the 
end  of  this  week  and  will  be  relined  im- 
mediately. This  will  leave  nine  of  the  21 
merchant  furnaces  in  the  Valleys  in  blast. 
Four  steel-works  furnaces  are  going  in, 
piobably  before  Sept.  1:  Hall  of  the  Re- 
public Iron  and  Sjeel  Company,  the  new 
No.  3  furnace  of  the  Youngstown  Sheet 
and  Tube  Company  and  one  each  of  La 
Belle  Iron  Works  and  the  Wheeling  Steel 
and  Iron  Company.  The  market  is  ex- 
tremely quiet.  In  view  of  occasional  re- 
cent sales  and  some  offers  we  reduc; 
former  quotations  15c.  on  basic  and  No.  2 
foundry  and  25c.  on  bessemer  and  mal- 
leable, quoting  as  follows:  No.  2  foundry. 
S 1 4.35 r«  14.50;  gray  forge,  S13.75;  mal- 
leable, $14.75;  basic,  SH.lOri/ 14.25,  all 
at  Valley  furnaces. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  is  a  trifle 
weaker  again,  and  quiet.  We  quote 
prompt  at  .S39''(  39.50  and  forward  at 
S39.50ff;40,  f.o.b.  Baltimore. 

Steel — The  market  on  unfinished  steel 
is  slightly  easier,  particularly  on  besse- 
mer, and  we  quote  prices  50c.  lower  on 
the  latter,  with  rods  down  SI  a  ton,  as 
follows:  Bessemer  billets,  S24.50^'/25; 
sheet  bars,  $26;  open-hearth  billets,  $26; 
sheet  bars.  $26.50r„27;  rods,  $28f<(29 
f.o.b.  Pittsburg  or  Youngstown. 

Sheets — The  market  remains  at  shad- 
ing of  $3  a  ton  on  black  and  $4  a  ton  on 
galvanized,  from  nominal  prices,  which 
are  2.40c.  on  black,  3.50c.  on  galvanized, 
$1.70  on  painted  corrugated  roofing  and 
$3  on  galvanized  corrugated  roofing.  Blue 
annealed  sheets  are  held  at  the  regular 
price  of  1.75c.  for  10  gage.  Specifications 
are  fairly  good,  but  new  buying  is  light. 

Sheet  and  Tinplate  Strike — Late  this 
afternoon  officials  of  the  Amalgamated 
Association  announced  that  the  resultof  the 
vote  whether  or  not  to  continue  the  strike 
against  the  open  shop  of  the  American 
Sheet  and  Tin  Plate  Company  was  63.2 
per  cent,  favoring  and  36.8  per  cent, 
against  the  continuance  of  the  strike,  so 
that  it  will  be  continued. 

St.   Louis 
Aug.   8 — The   market    for   pig    iron    is 
slightly    better   locally   though    it    is   still 
slow.      A    few   buyers   were    induced    to 


take  on  small  lots  by  shading  the  price 
down  to  a  basis  of  $11.50  per  ton,  f.o.b. 
Birmingham.  Orders  are  all  small  being 
only  for  a  carload  or  two  at  a  time. 
Special  brands  of  iron  from  local  pro- 
ducers are  in  much  better  demand  at 
better  prices.  The  price  of  $11.506';12 
per  ton  Birmingham,  or  $15.25c<(  15.75 
St.  Louis  is  the  prevailing  market. 


f  I  METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


New  York,  Aug.  10 — The  metal  mar- 
kets show  more  activity  and  some  busi- 
ness is  developing  on  several  lines. 
Changes  in  price  are  small. 

Our  index  number  for  the  metals,  cal- 
culated on  the  approximate  production 
and  sales  of  pig  iron,  copper,  tin.  lead, 
zinc  and  aluminum,  was  127  for  the 
month  of  January;  124  for  February;  118 
for  March;  118  for  April;  113  for  May; 
107  for  June;   112  for  July. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 

U.VITKl)     ST.\TES     Gtll.D     .\ND     SILVKR     MUVKilEN'T 


llotal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

Juue  liiin.. 

$i..-)9».m7 

*  4.575,917 

Iinp.$  2,977.670 

"     I'-Kiy.. 

N.:t4(;.44ti 

2.367.735 

Exp.      6.978.711 

Year  1910,. 

49.51li  731 

19.3H8..M1 

30.128.200 

"     1909.. 

63,834.337 

211.135.592 

43,698,745 

SUv.r: 

June  1910.. 

4,.'iS7.383 

3..3C  18.171 

Exp.      1.279,212 

■•      1909.. 

5,.')05.037 

4.339.275 

1,1IW.702 

War  1910.. 

27.I154.J1H 

21. 901. .".20 

6,152,098 

■•     1909.. 

29,359,(;GC 

22.872.028 

0,487,638 

Kxiiorts  from  the  port  of  Ni'W  York,  week 
ended  .\ug.  ; :  Cold.  J^il.'.o  :  silver.  Sl.i:<."..4Kt!. 
to  I.ondoii  and  Paris.  Imports:  Cold.  $2.17."i.- 
tio.'l.  mainl.v  from  London  :  silver.  $127.(>s;j. 
iK-arlv   ;ill    from    Smith   .Vmerica. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 

East  from  Jan.  I  to  July  28,  reported  by 
Messrs.   Pixley  &  Abell: 

1909.  1910.            Changes. 

India £3.736,300  £3,.'i76.6fl0    D.    £    1.19,700 

1.214.700  1.1 13.500     r.          101,200 
82.800 


Olilna. 
Straits 


D. 


82,800 


Total ...    . .    £5.03:1.800      £4.r.90.1tH)     D.    £    343.700 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  15.97d.  per  rupee. 

Gold — There  was  a  good  demand  for 
supplies  arriving  on  the  open  market  in 
London  this  week;  but  no  premiums  were 
offered  and  the  price  was  unchanged  at 
77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d.  per 
oz.  for  American  coin.  About  $2,750,000 
in  all  was  taken  for  New  York  account. 

Platinum  —  Business  is  reported  better, 
but  prices  are  unchanged.  Dealers  quote 
$33  per  oz.  for  refined  platinum  and 
$37.50'r(38  per  oz.  for  hard  metal. 

Our  special  correspondent  in  Russia 
writes  under  date  of  July  2S  that  the 
quotations  remain  nominally  unchanged, 
but  there  is  a  considerable  difference  in 
individual  sales.  At  Ekaterinburg  small 
lots  have  been  sold  as  high  as  7.40  rubles 
per  zolotnik— S27.82  per  oz. — for  crude 
metal.  83  per  cent,  platinum.  At  St. 
Petersburg  sales  have  been  made  at  28,- 
000  rubles  per  pood — $27.44  per  oz.  The 
higher  price  at  Ekaterinburg  is  unusual. 


342 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  13.  1910. 


SII.VKU    AND    STEfil-INc;    EXCHAXISE 


.Sew  York 

Lf-ndon  .... 
Sterling  Ex. . 


523i 

•2iy, 

4.8630 


52K 

24", 

4.8540 


52J 
4.8565 


63 

24  !i 

4.8560 


52Ji 

24,-. 

4.85B0 


10 


5-2% 

24,^, 

4.8555 


New  York  quotaUons.  cents  pel-  ouuce  tro.v, 
line  silver:  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterlins; 
silver,  0.92.'j   fine. 


SiVrer— Recent  advices  from  India  re- 
port the  crop  situation  as  favorable,  so 
the  chances  are  that  silver  will  remain 
steady  around  current  prices  for  the 
present. 

Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

< 

u 

<L 

ss 
Is 

.0 

s. 

2 

o 

.  m 

ceo 

i 

5 
6 
8 
9 
10 

12  ?i 

12H 
(S)12J4 

12  >. 
0V1% 

V2ii 
©12?..' 

12fi 

(Sim 

12  J, 
(5)1254 

125i 
012K 

12?ii 
(a)V2y, 

12H 

©12  H 

ISJi 

(ai2« 
i2;i 

(S)12>J 

12Ji 
ffll2>i 

55i', 
55  >i 

55A 
55A 

56« 

33 

33 

33 

33H 

33X 

33)i 

4.40 

4.40 
4.40 
4.40 
4.40 
4.40 

4.27J 
(34.30 

4.27! 
©4.30 

4.275 
(34.30 

4.27J 
(34.30 

4.27) 
r34.30 

4.27 
(34.30 

5.00 
(35.025 

5.00 
(36.0-2J 

5.00 
(35.025 

5.00 
©5.05 

5.00 
©5  05 

5.00 
©5.05 

London  duotations  are  per  long  ton  (--.40 
.-D.)  standard  copper.  The  New  lork  quota- 
ticms  for  electrolytic  copper  are  toi  cake^. 
iu"0ts  and  wirebars.  and  represent  the  Iniiu 
ot-  the  transactions  made  with  consumers, 
basis  New  York.  cash.  Tbe  prices  ot  castins 
cwpei-  and  of  electrolytic  cathodes  are 
us'uallv  0.11-5C.  below  that  of  electrolytic. 
The  qnotatit.ns  for  lead  represent  wholesale 
transactions  in  the  open  market.  The  quota- 
tions on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  «esteiu 
brands:    special   brands   command   a   picniuim. 


Copper    Production^Sf/e    are    able    to 
state   on   the  best  authority   that  the  un- 
derstanding  among   the   principal   copper 
producers  of  this  country,  looking  toward 
a   reduction   in   the   output  of  copper,   in 
regard  to  which  so  much  speculation  has 
been  indulged,  is  likely  to  become  an  ac- 
complished fact.     According  to  recent  ad- 
vices, not  long  ago  it  happened  that  the 
leading  interests  held  an  informal  meet- 
ing  in   London   and   exchanged   views   on 
the  subject.     Among  the  interests  repre- 
sented were  the  Rio  Tinto,  of  Spain,  the 
Amalgamated,   the    Guggenheim    and   the 
Lewissohn  interests.     While  no  formal  or 
preconcerted    action    was    resolved    upon, 
it    is    understood    that    ideas    were    ex- 
changed,   the    probable    result    of    which 
will    be    that    the    copper    production    of 
these  interests  will  be  more  or  less  cur- 
tailed within  the  next   few  months.     The 
Phelps-Dodge   companies   and   the    Calu- 
met &  Hecla  have  already  inaugurated  a 
curtailment    of   outcut,   which    they   will 
make    no    effort    to     increase     for    the 
present. 

Copper— During  the  week  of  Aug.  4  to 


10,  a  good  average  of  business  has  been 
transacted,  both  in  Lake  and  electrolytic 
copper.     Although  there  was  a  little  halt 
in  the  demand  up  to  Saturday,  the  favor- 
able  statistics   appearing  on   Monday   in- 
creased   interest   and   activity.      A    firmer- 
tone  was  manifested  in  the  market,  which 
was  specially  noteworthy   in   the   greater 
interest   of  manufacturers   in  contracting 
for  forward  delivery,   some  sales  having 
been   made  as   far   ahead    as   November. 
Contracts  for  distant  delivery  have  been 
made  at  a  slightly  higher  price  than  for 
the    earlier   dates.      However,   all   of   the 
agencies   are  offering   electrolytic   copper 
at  12--SC.,  delivered,  30  days,  for  domestic 
business,    corresponding    to    a    little    less 
than    12'_.c.,   cash.    New     York,     and     at 
about   12.60  delivered  in  Europe,  corres- 
ponding to   about    12.40,  New  York,   and 
the  business  transacted  has  been  chiefly 
at  these  prices  or  at   small   concessions. 
Moderate  sales  of  first-class  Lake  copper 
have   been   made   at    125srr/ 12}4C.,   while 
some  special  transactions  have  been  re- 
ported at   13c.     At  the  end  of  the  week 
the  market  had  a  strong  tone   and  there 
prevailed  a  feeling  of  confidence.     Man- 
ufacturers   realize   that   the    fundamental 
position  of  the  metal  is  changing  for  the 
better    and    are    dropping    the    hand-to- 
mouth    policy    which    has    contributed    to 
the  accumulation  of  stocks  in  the  hands 
of    the    producers.      The    market    closes 
strong    with    ati    advancing    tendency    at 
\2'^i(rn2V\C.  for  Lake  copper,  and   12's 
(al2'Ac.  for  electrolytic  copper  in  cakes, 
wirebars  and   ingots.     Casting  copper   is 
quoted    nominally    at    12's''ol2's    cents. 
Copper   sheets    are    \8rii  19c.   base    for 
large   lots.   Full   extras   are   charged,   and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.     Cop- 
per  wire    is    14c.    base,   carload     lots    at 
mill. 

The  standard  market  in  London  closes 
about  £1  higher  than  it  did  a  week  ago. 
There  is  a  large  bear  account,  part  of 
which  has  been  driven  to  cover;  besides, 
toward  the  close  there  was  again  some 
bull  speculation.  A  great  deal  more  con- 
fidence is  shown  in  the  metal  on  the  other 
side  and  higher  prices  are  looked  for. 
The  market  closes  at  £56  2s.  6d.  for 
spot,  and  £56  18s.  9d.  for  three  months. 
Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
quote:  English  tough,  £.58;  best  selected, 
£59  10s.r(/£60;  strong  sheets,  £67  Ws.fa 
£68  10s.  per  ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  9728  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1024  tons. 

r/n— The  feature  of  the  London  market 
for  the  week  under  review  was  the  ad- 
vance in  the  spot  over  the  future  quota- 
tion. It  is  a  long  time  since  future  tin 
has  sold  at  a  discount  from  spot.  This 
fact  discloses  a  corner  in  spot  tin  in 
London  but  does  not  augur  well  for  the 
intrinsic  position  of  the  market.  Busi- 
ness  in    this   market   was   taken    at   con- 


siderably below  the  importation  point,  so 
that  no  orders  from  this  side  were  placed 
in  London.  The  close  is  steady  at  £150 
10s.  for  spot,  and  £152  7s.  6d.  for  three 
months;  while  33 'ic.  is  asked  for  Septem- 
ber delivery   in   New  York. 

Lead — Tiie  market  is  quiet  and  without 
special  feature.  At  New  York,  lead  is 
quoted  at  4.40c.,  and  at  St.  Louis  4.27  >; 
'ii  4.30  cents. 

The  London  market  for  Spanish  lead 
closes  at  £12  10s.,  and  English  at  £12 
12s.  6d.  per  ton. 

Spe/^cr— There  is  a  fair  demand,  which, 
however,  is  freely  met,  and  the  market 
is  quiet  at  5(<i S.OZ'ic,  St.  Louis,  and 
5.15fri5.17>4c.,  New  York. 

New  York  quotations  for  spelter,  Aug.  4 
to  6,  inclusive,  were  S.lSf*/ S.H'/c;  Aug. 
8  to    10.  inclusive,  5.15f</5.20  cents. 

In  London,  good  ordinaries  are  quoted 
at  £22  15s.  and  specials  at  £23  per  ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

Imports  and  exports  of  spelter  and  zinc 
products  in  Germany,  half-year  ended 
June  30,  metric  tons: 


,— Imports—., 

11)00.       1910. 


^E-x  ports -^ 
lOllll.      1910. 


Spelter 

Zinc  scrap 

Zinc  sheets 

Zinc  dust 

Zinc  pigments 


.  17,753    18,085    32,t!5«    38,907 


l.lSfi 
42 


741 
88 
728 
4,096 


_,    '8  3,127 

8.869  10,073 

1,529  1,465 

12,680  16.617 


. . .    3.526 

Imports  of  zinc  ore,  93,049  tons  in 
1909,  and  113,902  tons  in  1910;  exports 
of  ore,  17,648  tons  in  1909,  and  23,887 
tons  this  year. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  is  quiet,  and 
demand  is  still  falling  off.  Prices  are 
again  a  shade  lower,  quotations  being 
22  "/J c.  per  lb.  for  No.  1  ingots  in  large 
lots.  New   York. 

Antimony — This  metal  is  only  in  retail 
demand,  and  prices  are  nominally  un- 
changed in  the  absence  of  large  business. 
Cookson's  is  8.15c.(  8.20c.  per  lb.,  while 
77,s(fi8c.  is  quoted  for  U.  S.  and  I'U'f 
7'jC.  for  outside  brands. 

C)uicA:si7i'er— The  New  York  price  was 
reduced  SI  on  Aug.  9,  and  is  now  S46  per 
flask  of  75  lb.  on  large  orders;  S47r«(48 
for  jobbing  lots,  San  Francisco,  S46  for 
domestic  orders  and  S2  less  for  export. 
The  London  price  has  been  reduced  2s. 
6d.,  and  is  now  £8  !2s.  6d,  per  fiask,  with 
£8   10s.  quoted  by  second  hands. 

,V;r/f<-/— Large  lots,  contract  business. 
40r,(45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

The  Bayonne  Casting  Company,  Bay- 
onne,  N.  .1.,  has  contracts  for  12  pro- 
peller wheels  for  the  ships  now  building 
for  the  Argentine  navy.  These  will  be 
cast  in  one  piece  from  Monel  metal — 
nickel-copper    alloy— and     will    be    the 


August  13,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


343 


largest  castings  ever  made  of  that  metal. 
They  will  be  15  ft.  6  in.  in  diameter  and 
weigh  16,000  lb.  each.  The  company  will 
also  make  four  propellers  for  the  United 
States  navy  to  be  U)  ft.  6  in.  in  diam- 
eter and  weigh  8000  lb.  each. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  S1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  (iO 
f'llOc.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York;   according  to  quality  of  metal. 


Zinc  and  Lead    Ore    Markets 

Joplin,  Mo.,  Aug.  6 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc-sulphide  ore  was  $43.50  per 
ton,  the  base  ranging  down  from  $41  to 
$37  per  ton  of  60  per  cent,  zinc,  in  car- 
lots,  with  small  lots  and  scrap  ore  sell- 
ing as  low  as  S36  and  S35;  zinc  silicate 
on  a  base  of  ,S20'(/ 24  per  ton  of  40  per 
cent.  zinc.  The  average  price,  all  grades 
of  zinc,  was  .S36.94.  Lead  continued  at 
$49.  There  was  a  rumor  during  the  week 
that  another  buyer  had  entered  the  mar- 
ket and  bought  a  quantity  of  ore  at  550, 
but  sifted  down  the  buyer  purchased  but 
one  car  and  that  at  $49.  The  average 
price,  all  grades,  was  $48.74  per  ton. 

The  shipment  was  an  increase  of  278 
tons  of  zinc  over  the  previous  week  and 
the  output  gained  as  much  or  more. 

siiii'MKNTS  \vi;ek  KNDKn  AfG.  G. 


Zinc,  lb. 'Lead  lb.     Value. 


Weill)  Citv-CaitervUlP 

JopUii 

All»a-N(^ck 

DiKMlWPK 

Oroiuigo 

Galona 

8|mrK*>on 

Miami 

Granby  

Jackson ] 

Harcoxle ! 

Cav(>  Springs 

BailKor I 

Carl  Jiinrtlon 

Stott  City 

CarlhaRf* 1 

Aurora 


3,968,6.50 
2,0.59.440 
829  590 
808.140 
5(;9,2:)0 
48(i,2:«l 
:)0I,(i60 
286,570 
482,820 
133,:)o0 
205,130 
149,8:i0 
126,290 
102,280 
96,910 
64.270 
76.090 


Totals 10,747,(180 


776,700 

174.960 

4.8.50 

87.140 


42.810 
242,900 
2.53.840 

15.8:t0 
IIHI.IKW 


1,699,090 


$94,4.31 
44.4110 
17.947 
16.4.-.4 
11, .537 
10,276 
9,983 
9,020 
6.400 
4,9«:l 
2.9:)5 
2,84(; 
2,.525 
2.198 
1.9:i8 
1,349 
766 


$239,988 


82  weoks 

ZiiH*  value,  till'  wi 
Loail  valin'.thc  wi'i'k 


.:I4H. 7.57. 510  51.8K8.800    $8,205,496 

k.  »19M..58i ;    :|2  woeks.  $6,873,794 

41.407;    :)2  weeks.     I.:i31.7il2 


MoNTIIl.Y 

.\\K 

U.MU' 

I"UI 

'KS. 

ZINC  OBE. 

Lead  Ore. 

Month. 

Base  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

Fi'liruary.... 

March 

A|.ill 

Miiv 

$41.25 
:I6.94 

37.40 
:t8.63 
40.  (Ki 
44.15 
43.06 
48.25 
47.70 
49.50 
61.31 
49.45 

$47.31 
40.69 
43.60 
41. (K) 
40. 19 
40.20 
:19  (13 

$:I8.46 
.I4.:i7 
:m.71 
:t7.oi 
37.42 
40.;t5 
41.11 
44.54 
44.87 
48.75 
48.29 
47.57 

$45.16 
.39.47 

:i9,7i 

39.:)3 
37.51 
37.8;t 
36.80 

$52.17 
60.50 
.50.82 
65.o:i 
66.59 
67.. 52 
153.74 
67,60 
66.11 
65.02 
53.94 
65.26 

$56.99 
53 .  64 
51,26 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48.59 

June 

July 

Allf^llHt 

SepU'niber  .. 

Oiteber 

November... 
December... 

Year 

$43.98 



$41.20 



$54.60 

NiiTK — Inder  zinc  ore  the  first  two  cnl- 
nnins  sive  base  prices  fm-  do  per  cent  zinc 
ore:  the  sernnd  two  the  avernce  for  all  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  |.rli-es  nre  llie  nvei-nue  f.ir 
nil    ores   sold. 


PlatteviUe,  Wis.,  Aug.  6— The  base 
price  paid  this  week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  was  $49'i)  50  per  ton;  no  premium 
price  was  reported.  The  base  price  paid 
for  80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  S51;  the 
highest  price  paid  was  $53  per  ton. 
SHir.MF.NTS  WKEK  ICXDEI)  .WC.  0. 
Camps. 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 

Plattevlllc 1,015,040 

Galena 762,180 

Cuba  city 670,690 

HiKblaii.l 691,6(Xl 

Mineral  Point 471,500 

Shullsbul-tf Illl,(KIO 

Benton 84,380 

Mouttort 


Lead    Sulphur 
ore,  lb.    ore.  lb. 

443,700 

276,100 


60,000 
149,620 
129,400 


68,000 


Total 3,711,;)90       407,020        719,800 

Teartoilnte .52.571. >:t6    6,250,264  13,.506,965 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  was 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separat- 
ing plants,  3,107,817  lb.  zinc  concentrates. 


CHEM ICALS 


New  York,  Aug.  10 — The  general  mar- 
ket is  still  dull,  and  prices  show  no 
change  of  moment. 

Copper  Sulphate — The  market  remains 
steady  and  unchanged  at  $4  per  100  lb. 
for  carload  lots  and  $4.25  per  100  lb.  for 
smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — A  few  sales  of  white  arsenic 
are  reported  at  $2.25  per  100  lb.  Busi- 
ness  is  dull. 

Sulphur — Messrs.  Parsons  &  Petit  re- 
port the  importation  by  them  of  2100 
tens  of  crude  brimstone,  600  tons  at  New 
York  and  1500  tons  at  Baltimore. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — This  article  is  quiet 
but  firm  at  2.10c.  per  lb.  for  all  positions. 


Petroleum 

Aug.  8 — Production  in  the  Oklahoma 
or  Midcontineni  field  in  July  is  reported 
at  4,623.802  bbl.  of  42  gal.  each;  deliv- 
eries were  4,763,3(59  bbl.  Stocks  on  Aug. 
1  were  51,034,060  bbl.  There  were  286 
new  oil  wells  and  7  gas  wells  completed. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Aug.  10— The  general  mar- 
kets have  been  dull,  but  on  the  whole 
rather  firm.  Changes  hinged  on  the  Gov- 
ernment crop  reports  and  the  Copper 
Producers'  report.  Price  movements  were 
not  large,  but  generally  in  an  upward  di- 
rection.    The  close  is  quiet,  but  firm. 

On  the  Curb  the  Cobalt  stocks  made 
some  business  and  there  was  a  small  de- 
mand. Nevada  stocks  were  not  much  in 
evidence.  There  was  a  good  deal  of  trad- 
ing in  copper  stocks,  with  fractional 
gains  in  most  of  them.  On  the  whole  the 
Curb  was  rather  quiet. 

Sales  at  auction  in  New  York.  Aug.  4, 
included  one  lot  made  up  of  3500  shares 
Diamondfield  Black  Butte  Consolidated 
Mining  Company,  4000  shares  Goldfield 
Blue  Bell,  2000  Goldfield  Lone  Star  and 
100  shares  Security  Gold  Mining  and 
Milling  Company,  at  $75  for  the  lot. 


Boston,  Aug.  9 — Copper  shares  are  on 
the  mend.  They  have  shown  a  hardening 
tendency  for  some  time  but  the  favor- 
able showing  made  by  the  Copper  Pro- 
ducers' Association  gave  prices  quite  a 
boost  which  has  been  maintained  in  to- 
day's market.  The  market  is  more  or 
less    professional. 

Arizona  Commercial  has  been  the  lead- 
ing feature  with  a  high  at  $19.25.  The 
company  has  struck  rich  copper  glance 
by  diamond  drilling  200  ft.  below  its 
present  workings.  The  management  is 
now   quite   sanguine   as   the   water   ques- 


coi'rKH  ritonrcTiDN  UKroRis. 

('ii|)pi'r   contents   nf   lilisler  copper,   in   pounds. 


Company. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

.Vrlziiim.  Ltd 

Biilriklnia 

Boleo  (Jlexico) 

Copper  (^neon 

Calumet  .S:  .\riz.... 

2.610.000 
1.148,762 
2,735,680 
10,283,855 
l,778,(HIO 
4,:)(H),(I00 
2,035.6:i9 
700.000 
6  1(14.493 
2.174.000 
1.326.(KXJ 
2.276,000 
8..SH2,91:i 
24.S5U.IMKI 
19.2.5O.0O0 

2,802.000 
1,226,000 
2,115,314 
10,21'.I,(.S7 
2.49II.IIO0 
4,280,000 
2,II17,IK10 
800,000 
6,l.H(l.K:t2 
2.1192.000 

1  ..")2K.00fl 
2,245.IHK1 
K.:l.-..K.4ii(l 
2:l.7.',ii.iHMl 
18,1100.000 

2.91(1.(KHJ 
l.lllO.IKIO 

lil.73ll.:)72 

Cananea  (Mexico)., 

'i'mi.im 

Imjierlal 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Dominion 

Superior  &  Pitts 

Utah  Copper  Co 

liutte  Distrlcl 

Lake  Superior 

19.000,000 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars.  etc.. 

90.495.:i42 

24.850.919 

6,487,243 

88.i:)o.:i29 

20.817,978 

6,579,018 

Imp.  In  ore  &  matte 

Total 

121,833,504 

114,527,915 

Huttp  district  and  Lake  Superior  llgures  are 
est  i  mil  tod  ;  othors  arc  reports  received  from 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  production  of 
Cananea,  and  tliat  part  of  Copper  Queen  pro- 
duction which  comes  from  Nacozari.  Holeo 
copper  does  not  come  to  American  refiners, 
rtah  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
the    Boston    mill. 


STATISTICS  OF  COrPEU. 


Month. 

United 

States 

Pi-oduot'n. 

Deliveries, 

Domestic. 

Deliveries 
tor  Export. 

VIII,  1909 

IX 

X            

120.697.234 
118.02:).139 
124.657.709 
121.618.:)i;9 
117,828,665 

59.614.207 
52,105.955 
66.359.617 
66.857.873 
69.519..501 

48.382.704 
60.077,777 
66.261,2:  :8 
65,266,595 
69,.546.670 

XI 

XII 

Tear 

1,405,403,056 

705.051  ..591 

(WO.942.620 

I,  1910. 

II  

116,.547,287 
112.712.493 
120.067.4(17 
117.477,(l:)9 
123.242.476 
127.219.188 
118.370,003 

78.1.58.387 
66.618.:i22 
62.SJ4.818 
67,985,951 
59,305.222 
53.:)63.190 
66.708,176 

81.691.67a 
37.369,618 
40,686,767 
31,332,434 
45,495,400 
65,896,948 
69,407,107 

Ill    

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

United 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

VIII,  1909 

IX 

X 

\I 

XII 

I,  1910 

II 

Ill 

l>2.596,rj)7 
135,196,9:11) 
151,472,772 
1.5:t,.5(l9,62(l 
15:),IHi:>,527 
141,7(16,111 
98,46:i.:i39 
107,187,992 
123,824,874 
141,984.1.59 
160.425.97:1 
168.;t86.017 
170.640.678 

171.492.160 

197.99:t.(l(KI 
210.2J4.IKH) 
222.. 5(1(1. 4(HI 
2:  (6.857. (MH) 
244.204 .8IKI 
248.2:16.8I.K) 
2.54.1.50.4(10 
249.(V>5.6(KI 
246.870,4(10 
2:19,142,400 
2:12.892.800 
222,320.000 

294,088.767 
3:13,190,630 
:161, 696,772 
376.076,02« 
:189.861,127 
385,970,911 
:i46,7O0,13» 
.161  ,.3:18,392 
373,460,474 
:l88,a54,569 
3'.n»  .5(18  373 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

392,9(i0,«78 

Fi;rnres  nre  in  pounds  nf  fine  copper.  V.  R. 
production  Includes  nil  copper  refined  in  this 
country,  hoih  from  domestic  and  impnrled 
material.  Visible  stocks  are  those  reported 
on  the  first  day  of  each  month,  as  broMfiiht 
over   from    the   preceding  month. 


344 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  13.  1910. 


lion  has  been  overcome.  The  Cole-Ryan 
stocks  have  also  given  a  good  account 
of  themselves,  while  Lake  Copper  crossed 
S40.  A  fair-sized  short  interest  exists  in 
the  latter  which  makes  it  easy  to  main- 
tain a  firm  price.  There  has  apparently 
been  steady  accumulation  of  North  Butte 
stock  and  the  price  is  up  S5.75  during 
the  week  to  S28.75.  Calumet  &  Arizona 
has  also  moved  along  rather  rapidly,  hav- 
ing added  almost  SIO  to  its  price. 

The  most  significant  thing  about  the 
market  is  the  continued  strength  of  Calu- 
met &  Hecla  stock  as  well  as  that  of  its 
affiliated  companies. 

Business  is  picking  up  on  the  Curb 
and  prices  show  some  response  to  the  big 
market.  Calaveras  and  Chino  hold  strong 
and  are  the  most  active  features.  Algomah, 
Bohemia.  South  Lake  and  Inspiration  did 
better  today. 


AsHfs.siiieiit  •< 


CJompaBy. 


DHlinq. 


Sale.    I  Amt. 


Alpha  Con.,  Nev July  30  Aug.  2i$0.05 

Best  &  Belcher,  Sev July  31 

Black  Jack,  Utah !Aug.  16 

Bullion,   Nev   |Aug.   11 

Cou.  Imperial,  Nev July  31 

Con.  Virginia,  Nev Aug.     1 

Elv  Cons.,  Nev Aug.   17 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nev iJuly  17 

Hall' &  Norcross,  Nev Aug.    -2 

Hancock  Con.,  Mich Au.Oct. 

Julia,  Nev Aug.     6 

King  Philip  Copper,  Mich. .  lAug.     9 

Live  Oak,  Ariz Oct.      1 

Lower  Mammoth,  Utah lAug.  15 

Mexican,  Nev   July  23 

New  York,  Utah Aug.  15 

Opex.  Utah Aug.  29 

Ophir,  Nev .July    i 

Raven,  Mich 'Aug.  15 

Scorpion,  Nev .^ug.   11 

Silv.-r  Hill,  Nev July  2' 

Winona,  Mich .-^ug.     ' 


Aug. 

24 

Sept. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

12 
25 
26 

Aug. 
Aug. 

10 
26 

Sept 

6 

Aug. 

17 

Aug. 

"2 

Sept 
Aug. 

22 

0.10 
0.01 
0.05 
0.01 
0.25 
0.05 
0.10 
0.10 
3.00 
0.03 
1.00 
3.00 
0.05 
0.20 
0.02 
0.03 
0.25 
0.10 
0.02 
0.05 
1.00 


tlniitlily   Avernce  Prires  of  Metals 

sii.vEn 


January — 
February... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August    

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 


New  York. 


1909.  ,  1910. 


n\  7,5052.375 
51. 472 1 51. 534 
.50. 4 W  51.4.54 
51. 42K  53.221 
.52.905  63.S7II 
52.538  53.402 
51.043  54.150 

51.125| 

.51.440] 

50  923' 

50.703' 

52.22B1 


23,,S43|24 
n(il23 
2:1.  >27  23 
23  71  IS  24 
24.:U3.24 


24.106 
23.519 
23.588 
23.743 
23., 502 
23.351 
24.030 


Total 51.502 


,23.706 


COPI 

i:r. 

NKW  York. 

London. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

1909. 

1910.     1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910, 

13  893 

13  620  14  280 

13,870 

61.198 

60 . 923 

February 

12.949 

13  332  13  295 

13.719 

Ij7.ti88 

59.388 

March 

12.3K7 

13  2.V.  12.H2I>|13,.586 

.5(1.231 

,59.214 

April 

May 

12.511) 

12  733  12  93;'l3  091 

.57.363 

.57,238 

12 ,  893 

12  5.50ll3.238  12  8.M5 

.59., 338 

.56,313 

13.214 

12.404  13. MK  12,798 

56,310 

July 

August 

12.880 

12  215  13.363  12. .570 

.58., 5,56 

.54 .  194 

13.007 

13.296  69.393, 

12.870 

13.210  

69.ir21 

October 

12.7IKI 

13. (HO 

67.661 

November.. . 

13.125 

13.364  

68.917 

December. .. 

13.298 

13.647  

69.906 

Year 

12.982 

13,335  

58.732 

TIN 

AT    NEW    YORK 

Month. 

1!I09. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28 .  060 
28.290 
28.727 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

32.700 
32.920 
32.403 
32.976 
33  125 
32.769 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

November,. 
December.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29.125 
29.966 
30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
.32.913 

20.725 

32.695 

SAN  FUAXCISCO. 


Aug.  9. 


I'rices  aie   iu   cents  per  pound. 


LEAD 


154 
794 
690 
483 
.797 
.651 
034 


New   York,   cents   per    fine   ounce :    London, 
pence    per    standard    evince. 


New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

lliO'.l 

1910. 

1909. 

19111. 

19119. 

1910. 

4.175 

4.700 

4.025 

4.582 

13  113 

13, 6.511 

FeVtruary., . . 

4.018 

4.013 

3.868 

4.445 

13,313 

13 . 32H 

3 .  986 

4 .  459 

3.835 

4.307 

13.43K 

13.or.3 

April 

Mav 

i  168 

4.376 

4.051 

4.225 

13,297 

12  Wl 

4.2,S7 

4  315 

4.214 

4.164 

1 3 . 225 

12.. 550 

4.350 

4.343 

4.291 

4.2U7 

13   1131 

12.688 

July 

4,321 

4.404 

4.188 

4.291 

12.563 

12.531 

.\ugust 

4.363 

4.227 

12.475 

September  . . 

4.342 

4.215 

October 

4.341 

4.215 

November  .. 

4.370 

4.252 

December.. . 

4 .  5611 

..^^. 

4.459 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13  049 

New   Y'orU   and    St.    I,ouls. 
ondcn.  pi  imds  sterling  per 


cents  per   pound, 
long  ton. 


SPELTER 

Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

19119. 

1910. 

19119. 

1910. 

1909. 

19111. 

5.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5.951 

21.42.5 

23.350 

4 .  889 

5 .  569 

4.739 

5.419 

21 .  .562 

4.757 

5.637 

4.607 

6.487 

21.43.S 

23 , 031 

April 

May 

4.965 

5.439 

4.815 

5.2.sy 

■Jl..'..ll 

5.124 

5.191 

4.974 

6.041 

21.9,5 

22.100 

5.402 

5.128 

5.252 

4.978 

22 .  mill 

22.219 

Julv 

5.402 

5.152 

5.2.52 

5.002 

21    9i;9 

22 . 406 

August 

5.729 

5.579 

22.125 

September  . . 

5.796 

5.646 

October 

6.199 

6.043 

6.381 

6.231 

23.188 

December... 

6.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Year 

5.503 

5.352 

22.201 

New  Y'orU   and   St.   Louis,   cents  per  pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per   long  ton.  


I'Kll'ES   III'-   I'K;    ikon    AT    I'lTTSr.rRi :. 


1       \,,  '1 
Bessemer.         Basic.       ,  foundry. 

1909, 

1910.  1  1909. 

1910.  ,  1909.  1  1910. 

JanuaiT 

$17.18 

$19.90*16.40 

$17.98  $16.26  $17.94 

February .... 

16.73 

18  96:   16.09 

17. '31    15.90    ' 

17.38 

Mari^h 

16.40 

18.53 

15.84 

16.93 

15.62 

17.00 

April 

May 

15.79 

18.28 

15  05 

16,84 

15.06 

16.75 

15.77 

17.10 

15.02 

15.  W 

15.08 

16,18 

16.13 

16.52 

15.84 

15,60 

15.63 

15., 53 

Julv 

16.40 

16.40 

15.90 

15.40 

15.96 

15.40 

August 

17.16 

16.17 

16.20 

18.44 

16.80 

17.03 

October 

19.75 

17.84 

18.02 

November, . . 

19. 9C 

18.37: 

18.09 

December... 

19.90 

18.15 

17.90; 

Year 

$17.46' '$16.46' '$16.40| 

Name  of  Comp.  1 

CIg. 

Name  of  Comp. 

Clg, 

V.OMSTOCK  STOCKS 

^Ita,               

no 

J. 70 
.51 
.65 
.16 
.23 
,73 

1.25 
,64 
.17 
.26 
.40 

1 .  .50 

1.47 
.90 
.32 
.24 
.36 
.49 
.63 

Misc.  nkv,\d.\ 

Belmiiut 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

4  35 

.04 

Best  &  Belclier.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

,25 
.'29 
.24 
.08 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va,... 

Crown  Point 

EschtMiuer 

a..ul<l  &  Curry.... 
Half  &  Norcross.. 
Mexican 

,63 

Booth 

CO.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

.14 
.07 
.06 
.48 
.02 
.63 

09 

Potosi     

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Unl.iii  1  "ii    

Yellow  Jacket 

Rod  Hill 

Sandstorm 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 

.04 
.02 
.09 
.17 
.05 

N.  Y.  EXCH.         Aug.     9     rCCrON  ESCH.  Aug.    9 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated 

Am.  Agri.  Chem.. 
Ani.Sm.iRef.,com 
Am.Sm.  &Eef.,pf. 

Anaconda 

Bethlehem  Steel.. 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  &  I. 
Colo.  Fuel  i  Iron. 
DuPont  P'd'r,  pf. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 
eireat  Nor. ,  ore  ctf . 
NafnalLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

N,-v.  ('..iisol 

Pittsburg  Coal 

RepublicIiS.Com. 
Republic  I  &  S,  pf. 
SlossShefli'd.com. 
Sloss  Sheffleld,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 
Utah  Copper.... 
U.  S.  Steel,  com, 
U.  S.  Steel,  pf.,. 
Va.  Car.  Chem 1 


Llg.  I      Name  of  comp. 


66  Ji 
35 
69 
102  >i 
41 

P4>2 
6 
29 
843i 
55 
.53^ 

60;, 
liin^ 

21  >, 

16 

30 

90 'i 

60>, 
103 

25 

46  }i 

70 
116 

58  ;^ 


Clg. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Aug. 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Aug.    9 


Name  of  Comp, 


New  Y'oi-k,  cents  per  noiind.  Klectrolytlc  Is 
for  cakes.  Ingots  or  wlrelmrs.  London,  pounds 
slerllntr.   per   long   ton,   standard   copper. 


Listed : 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con,. 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

F.lkton  Con 

Fl  Paso 

I'anele  Rawlins.. 

Flodlav      

Gold  nollni- 

Gold  Sovereign.., 

Isabella  

Mary  McRInney, - 

Pharmacist 

Portland      

Vindicator 

Work    

Unlisted  : 

Golden  Cycle 

United  GoldMlnes 


Bid. 


.06" 
.02,? 

.m 

.09? 
.76 
.85} 
.06,1 
.09t 
.14j 
03 
17, 
53 
03! 
1.18J 
92 
.03  J 

tl.OO 
.07J 


SALT  I  ARE          Aug.     9 

Name  of  Comp, 

Clg.  ■ 

Carisa   

19 

Colorado  Mining. 

.33 

Columbus  Con... 

.72 

Daly  Judge 

t4.60 

Grand  Central 

1.20 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  Bell 

1   10 

Little    Chief 

t.22 

Lower  Mammoth. 

.14* 

Mason  Valley 

6.75 

Mai.  Mines 

.53 
.02? 

iNevnila  Hills.... 

2.. 30 

IS 

Prince  Con 

69 

Red  Warrior 

{6  00 

RIlverKlngCoarn 

2  im 

Sioux  Ron 

.23 

Uncle  Sam 

t.2U 

Victoria 

ti.u'J 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bonanza  Creek... 

Boston  copper 

Braden  Copper. . . 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition... 

Caled-mia 

Chino 

Cobalt  t  entral. . . . 

cobalt  Prov 

Con.  .\riz.  Sm..  . . 
Cumberland  Ely.. 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop. . . . 

Ely  Con 

El  Eayo 

Florence 

Gila  Copper 

Giroux 

Gold  Hill 

GoldfleldCon 

Greene  Cananea,. 
Guanajuato 

Guggen.Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper  — 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 

Mont.  Shoshone.. 

Mont.-Tonopah... 

Nev.  Utah  M.  k  S. 

New  Baltic. . 

Newhouse  M.  &  S. 

Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M.. 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 

Silver  Queen 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah  

Tonopah  Ex 

Trl-l!ullion 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop.. 

Yukon  Gold 


ilg. 


J18 
3 '4 

i% 

t2K| 
20 

X 

13Xi 
12 
t59     I 

ik: 

.^!« 

t7 
.21 

3K! 

2)4, 

ts 

'", 
8,'J 

185 
6}?, 

4 
.96 
22 
67 
{.37« 
t.98 
,H 
6 
}3^ 
10  y, 
it. 

2k 

18>S 
t  35 
606 

.83 

X% 
X%\ 


Adventure 

Allnuez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian , 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Butte  k  Balak... 
iCalumet  &  Ariz.. 
'Calumet  &  Hecla 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range. . . 

.Daly-West 

(East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royalo 

j  Keweenaw 

[Lake 

JLa  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

i  Mohawk 

[Nevada  

jNorth  Butte 

I  North  Lake 

Ojlbway 

jOld  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

[Superior 

Superior  &  Bost. . 
[Superior  &  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trlnitv 

U.  S.  Smg.  &  R.f 

D.S.Sm.  &Ro.,  pd 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


41 

23)^ 
5 

7 

tl6 

11% 

59X 

536 

16)i 

6 
65 

7 

8 
11  (i 
31 
19« 

Vi 

14  « 

19?^ 

2J< 
39 

8 

4« 
50 
20?i 
28 

9« 

6 
38 
131 
15 
75 
11 
45 

Vi\ 
60 

6'i 
39 'J 
47  3i 

24  >i 

'       2^ 

9 

119 

m 


LONDON        Aug.  10 


Clg. 
£1  108    Od 


Name  of  Com 


Dolores 

Stratton'slnd. 

Camp  Bird 

Espernnza 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

OrovUie. 
Mexico  Mines 


BOSTON  CURB    Aug.    9 
Namel>f  Comp.      clg. 


180 

1« 

wa 

.06 

i« 

l¥ 

6li 
2« 
i\i 

.07 
.50 
.'22 

ax 

.20 

7 
22M 

7 
.25 


0  3 

1  7 

2  16 

0  16 

1  6 
0  5 
8  12 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mine's.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Ci'own  Reserve... 
Fli-st  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper  . 
iRhode  Island  Coal 
Isnn  .-Vntonio     ... 
Sluittnck-.\rl7,    . . 
South  Lake. 
Superior  &  Globe 

Trethewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


»«  -I 
,16 


JT.ast  quotation. 


i'vrnwrrpn'n'l'TnT\'f'i;mnvri^r'J'^'T^''mj-.^mnji^mn'mnnnHHnr^  .■fiVt-ry^gEEg) 


rjfi: 


AND 


n^ENGINEERIN  G  ^a= 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEEKLY 


//.tj.i.i.>.gfj?f?y?r7Trr.T?rrmv/rr.T3 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
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VOL.  go 


AUGUST  20,  IQIO. 


NO.  8 


CIIiCL!.dTJ().\     UTA  TKMESr 
Dui-iny     1000     ire     prinlril    and    virculaletl 

534. .500      COpiCM       of      THK       EXGINKKIlIXli       .'VXD 
MiXIXIi     .lOIKNAL. 

Our  circiihitian    for  Jiilii,  1010,    irax  4.". 000 
copieH. 

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your  ytnt  fn-f   n-f/i'li"'!".   "o   Ittifk   uunihcrs. 
I'ii/ui's    till     fill,    lilt    rii  rn/it  fiiilt. 


Contents 


Editorials  : 

Tho   ('opi)pr    Market 34.% 

Mininu  in  4'(>I<n-a(in 34."» 

Mi'lal   Mining'  ami  Coal   Mining 34C. 

Mechanically    Charj^ed    I'^ui'nace 340 

<'han^es  in   I'liper  Ilarz  Metallurgical    In- 
dustries  fflta    Corrrspomlritrr   347 

.luly  Oi>fratlons  of  GoldtieUI  Consolidated   34" 
•Notes   nn    the  (ieologv   of   the   Porcupine 

IMstrict    34S 

Special     National     Convention     of     Mine 

Wolkers    in    Sessicui 340 

I'rodurtlon    of    Sand    and    Cravei    In    the 

railed    Slates 340 

Kxi)ioslon  at  Cerro  de  Tasco 340 

Details  of  Tractlcal    Mining: 

•Skip  Ciuinulng  Iievice  at  Leonard 
No.  L'  SliafI ....  •Mechanical  1-%'eders 
in  Hunker  Ilili  it  Sullivan  .Mill.... 
•.\  Miiu"  Survey(H-'s  Sjuul ....  Fram- 
ing Tiniliel's  before  Shipiuent .  .  .  . 'A 
Simple  Cahle  (Jrlp.  .  .  .Crii)ple  Creek 
!)rainage  Tunnel.  ...•Crane  for  Load- 
ing Material  on  Mine  < 'ages.  ...  lie- 
suits  of  l-'urnace  i'3nlargements  at  the 
<;rauliv  Smelterv  ....  'The  Mexican 
riaulllas  ....  •Scooi)      for      Dipping 

Wii.id  from  Stamp  Mortars 3."i0 

•Recent       Developments       near       Helena. 

M<uil Sprrittl   iUtncHjioiiilfUfv   3."4 

Organizalion     of     Coicu'ado     Chapter     of 

.\merican   Mining  Congress \\~^7> 

Itesumpllon    at    the    Vidier    Tunnel.    Colo. 

rado Itrnrrr    ('orrenpotulrnrr   3."i.% 

Notes  on   the  Transvaal    Mine  Report   for 

lOlls.d!) !■:.  if.   Wrxtoii    3."(! 

T'elermlnatlon    of    Arsenic. 

//.     />.     A'riVA7iflM«   3rT7 

The  wile  fOlectrlc  Fwrnnee 3.-.7 

•Slime   Treatment    at    the    Santa    Natalia 

Mill Coopir    ShnpcUp   3.1S 

•The  CalaliHclIIas   Mine,   Chihuahua. 

lOlih    T.    Kill    3.-0 
•The    Mineral     Uesotirces    of    Newfruind- 

laiul ttrrtttOH    Sitiuonn    300 

Arizona    Troduction   in   lOciO 3(i3 

•Mining    and     Smelting    I'lnnt     of    Mond 

Nickel   Co Uioiil   It.   nhipliii   304 

Lead    Ore    In    the     Itcarpaw     Mi>nntalns. 

Mont 3ii7 

•V    N"w   Arl/.ona-Sonorn  RnllrnBd 3I>S 

New    I'uliiicallons 300 

•Modern    Methods    In    a    Coal    Tlnple. 

Ifi'ttrp    Ifnrrlton   370 
The    Production    of    Coal    In    Washington 

during   10110 370 

Paint    Ores   In    Kastern    Pennsvlvania .  .  .  .    370 

Th«'  Caucasian   Mangatiese   Industry 370 

Pei-.^.inal.    Ohltuan'    and    Societies.' ."^77 

KdH.irlal    Correspondence 37^ 

Mining    News ,1S0 

MarUetB    3SC 

*llluiilratC(l. 


The  Copper  Market 

The  management  of  the  copper  market 
during  the  last  three  weeks  has  been 
characterized  by  far  more  wisdom  than 
has  been  manifest  for  a  long  time.  On 
previous  occasions  during  the  hard  times 
for  this  metal  every  little  rally  resulting 
from  important  buying  by  consumers  has 
been  attended  by  a  raising  of  demands 
by  sellers,  who  apparently  sought  by 
dangling  the  bait  a  little  over  the  heads 
of  the  buyers  to  compel  them  to  jump 
for  it.  This  the  buyers  would  not  do, 
having  the  sense  to  see  that  market  con- 
ditions  were   all   in  their   favor. 

The  recent  policy  of  the  agency  having 
the  largest  supply  of  copper,  and  for  the 
moment  the  ability  to  control  the  market, 
has  been  quite  different.  The  market 
having  risen  to  its  asking  price,  buyers 
were  supplied  liberally,  and  advances 
were  not  made  until  the  character  of  the 
demand  fully  justified  them.  Thus,  in 
spite  of  the  remarkable  change  in  senti- 
ment and  the  very  substantial  sales  of 
copper,  at  the  middle  of  August  we  find 
the  price  for  the  metal  only  on  the  basis 
of  about  12.55. 

The  depth  of  the  fall  into  pessimism 
and  fear  about  the  mid-year  was  unneces- 
sary and  probably  would  have  been 
avoidable  with  better  management  among 
the  selling  interests.  The  present  mod- 
eration, that  we  have  commended  above, 
is  indicative  of  a  firmer  grasp  of  the 
situation  and  promising  of  stability  to 
the  improvement  that  has  already  been 
registered.  We  do  not  want  to  see  any 
rapid  or  great  advance  in  the  market,  be- 
cause neither  is  yet  justified  by  the 
fundamental  conditions. 


Mining  in   Colorado 

The  Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce 
has  organized  a  special  mining  committee 
at  the  head  of  which  is  Franklin  Guiter- 
man,  district  manager  of  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company.  The 
object  of  the  committee  is  to  advance  and 
promote  the  interests  of  mining  in  Colo- 
rado and  the  committee  proposes  to  send 
competent  engineers  into  all  of  the  min- 
ing districts  of  the  State  to  study  the 
commercial  and  technical  problems  in- 
volved in  them,  and  to  make  reports. 
This  is  a  new  move  for  the  advancement 
of  the  mining  industry  of  the  State,  and 
we  hope  that  it  will  be  a  good  one. 

Another  movement  of  similar  purpose 
is  the  recent  organization  of  a  Colorado 
chapter  of  the  American  Mining  Con- 
gress. This  is  not  intended  to  be  a  fiam- 
boyant  and  booming  club,  such  as  are 
familiar  in  the  West,  but  rather  a  serious 
undertaking  to  promote  the  welfare  of 
the  mining  industry  of  an  important  State. 

The  mining  industry  in  Colorado  has 
been  at  a  low  ebb  in  recent  years  except  in 
a  few  of  the  large  camps  where  important 
and  profitable  operations  have  con- 
tinued. In  many  of  the  districts  of  the 
State  where  there  are  known  to  be  exten- 
sive mineral  deposits,  operations  have 
been  discontinued  or  have  fallen  largely 
into  weak  hands  and  are  carried  on  in- 
effectually and  unprofitably.  In  some  of 
the  districts  the  trouble  has  been  the  lack 
of  cheap  transportation  and  in  others 
metallurgical  problems  are  involved.  In  a 
measure  the  committeescan assist  in  solv- 
ing both  these  problems.  At  any  rate  the 
result  of  their  investigations  will  be  to 
arouse  a  renewed  interest  on  the  part  of 


346 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


the  mine  owners  in  the  respective  dis- 
tricts, and  also  to  attract  attention  of 
outside  operators  to  mining  opportunities 
that  are  today  latent  in  Colorado. 


Metal  Mining  and  Coal  Mining 


We  have  received  the  following  letter 
from  an  esteemed  subscriber  in  Cali- 
fornia: 

"In  a  purely  friendly  spirit  and  as  a 
subscriber    to    the    Journal    of    many 
years,   I   beg  to   criticize   the   Journal's 
policy    of    devoting    so    much     space     to 
articles   connected    with   the    coal-mining 
industry.      The    coal-    and    metal-mining 
industries  are  so  distinct  that  it   is   my 
opinion  that  there  are  comparatively  few 
people    who    are    interested   in   technical 
articles  on  both  of  these  subjects;  also, 
it  seems  to  me,  that  both  industries  are 
suKciently   extensive    to    support    high- 
class  journals  devoted  exclusively  to  their 
own  interests." 

The    complaint    of   our    correspondent 
is,  we  think,  based  upon  a  misconception. 
The  Journal  is  par  excellence  the  paper 
of  the  entire  mining  industry,  treating  of 
mining  and  metallurgy  in  all  branches, 
each    with    full    quota    of   attention,   but 
none  to  the  exclusion  of  any  other.     The 
size  of  the  paper  permits  this  to  be  done, 
and  the  combination  of  all  is  to  the  in- 
terest  of  all   readers  because   otherwise 
no  single  part  could  be  so  well  done.   We 
have   heard   some   of  our  readers   inter- 
ested especially  in  copper,  for  example, 
express  the  desire  that  the  whole  paper 
should  be  devoted  to  that  subject;  but  a 
few  moments   of   reflection   should   con- 
vince them  that  a  paper  of  the  size  of 
the  Journal  for  a  single  group  of  read- 
ers, although  an  important  group,  would 
be  impossible,  and  that  a  paper  commen- 
surate to  the  group  would  doubtless  be 
unsatisfactory. 

The  Journal  has  a  large  number  of 
readers  who  are  particularly  interested  in 
coal  mining.  During  the  last  five  years 
about  one-sixth  of  the  paper  has  been 
devoted  to  that  branch  of  the  industry. 
We  bear  all  the  classes  of  our  readers  in 
mind  and  aim  to  see  that  their  special 
interests  are  subserved.  We  call  this 
"maintaining  the  balance,"  and  to  pre- 
serve this  we  sometimes  keep  a  record. 
Thus  we  found  that  in  the  second  volume 
of  1909. comprising  1300  pages,  just  17  per 
cent,  of  the  paper  was  devoted  to  coal  and 
coke,   while   the    remainder    was    about 


equally  divided  among  gold  and  silver, 
iron  and  steel,  copper,  the  other  metals 
(lead,  zinc,  tin,  quicksilver,  etc.),  and 
miscellaneous  minerals.  The  readers 
who  are  not  interested  in  coal  and  coke 
ought  to  be  satisfied  by  five-sixths  o^ 
1300  pages;  i.e.,  upward  of  1000  pages 
devoted  to  their  own  fields  of  metal- 
liferous mining,  in  a  single  half-year. 

This  leads  us,  however,  to  say  a  word 
from   a  broader  view.     Why  should  not 
metalliferous    miners    be    interested    in 
what  concerns  the  coal  miner,  and  vice 
versa?     It  is  an  ancient  shibboleth  that 
coal    mining   and   metal   mining   are   two 
distinct  branches.    The  exponents  of  each 
have  affected  an  ignorance  of  the  other. 
The  metal  miner  says,  "I  pretend  to  know 
my  own  business,  but  coal  mining  is  be- 
yond by  ken,  so  please  excuse  me,"  and 
the  collier  talks  in  the  same  way.     The 
majority   of   each   profession   has   never 
been  in  a  mine  of  the  other  kind. 

But  in  the  modern,  broader  view  of  the 
art  of  mining  this  seclusion  of  interest  is 
disappearing.    It  is  recognized  that  metal 
and  coal  mining  are  of  the  same  nature, 
that  the  purpose  of  both  is  to  get  a  valu- 
able substance  out  of  the  ground,  and  that 
the  methods  to  be  employed   are   about 
the  same.    The  same  principles  apply  in 
both,  and  to  the  major  extent  the  details 
are  the  same,  but  each  has  some  special 
problems  of  its  own.     Ignorance  of  the 
common  methods  implies  provincialism  in 
the   art  of  mining.     The   men   who   have 
made  the  greatest  progress  are  those  who 
have   emerged    from   such   provincialism. 
Every  branch  of  industry  has  something 
to  teach  the  others.    Thus,  some  import- 
ant   improvements    in    the    lead-smelting 
blast   furnaces   were   made   by   the   man 
who  made  it  a  point  to  study  iron-smelt- 
ing practice.     Whence  come  the  caving 
system   of  mining   and   the   steam-shovel 
practice  but  from  the  iron  country?     In 
the    same    line    of    progress    a  leading 
American   metal-mining    company    sends 
one  of  its  engineers  to   Europe  to  study 
special  practices  in  coal  mining  with  view 
toward  their  adaptation.  Only  a  few  days 
ago  the   consulting  engineer  of  a  great 
metalliferous   mining   company  was  keen 
about  obtaining  information   from  us  re- 
specting the  oxygen  helmets  that  are  used 
in  rescue  work  in  collieries. 

We  urge  very  strongly  that  our  metal- 
mining  readers  pay  attention  to  what  the 
coal  miners  are  doing  in  the  ways  of 
hoisting,  pumping,  underground  transpor- 


tation, etc.,  and  that  our  coal-mining 
readers  pay  attention  likewise  to  the  work 
of  the  metal  miners.  If  one  group  has 
no  interest  in  the  special  problems  of 
ventilation  and  guarding  against  explo- 
sions of  gas,  and  if  the  other  group  is 
indifferent  about  the  management  of  fire 
stopes  in  sulphide  mines,  it  is  easy  to  re- 
strain attention  from  wandering  to  those 
specialties. 


Mechanically  Charged  Zinc  Fur- 
naces 


According  to  German  advices  the 
charging  machine  in  use  at  the  Bern- 
hardihiitte,  in  Silesia,  described  in  a  re- 
cent number  of  the  Journal,  is  giving 
satisfactory  results,  discharging  120  re- 
torts in  30  min.  and  recharging  them 
in  20  minutes. 

Work  that  formerly  required  eight 
to  nine  hours  is  now  done  in  five 
hours  with  half  the  number  of  men. 
If  no  drawbacks  develop  this  will 
clearly  be  an  important  improvement  in 
the   Silesian   method   of  zinc   smelting. 

Mechanical  charging  has  been  tried  in 
American  zinc  smelting,  but  here  it  has 
not  yet  been  found  advantageous,  al- 
though the  labor  cost  of  distillation  is 
normally  higher  than  in  Europe.  It  is 
to  be  remarked,  however,  that  the  un- 
promising results  experienced  here  have 
been  in  connection  with  charging  the 
small  retorts  commonly  used  in  this 
country  and  have  been  due.  -r  part  at 
least,  to  the  cumbersome  character  of 
the  machines  installed  for  trial. 


The  further  decline  in  the  stock  of 
copper  abroad  reported  at  the  middle  of 
August  continues  the  series  of  semi- 
monthly decreases  that  has  been  un- 
broken for  many  months.  We  must,  of 
course,  await  the  dwindling  of  the  Euro- 
pean accumulation  before  we  can  look 
for  any  great  and  permanent  disap- 
pearance of  our  own. 


The  recent  fire  in  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey, which  is  the  third  or  fourth  (the 
occurrence  is  becoming  an  old  story)  em- 
phasizes once  more  the  importance  of 
providing  this  important  institution  with 
an  adequate  building.  It  is  sincerely  to 
be  hoped  that  the  plans  for  such  a  build- 
ing will  be  forwarded  without  unneces- 
sary delay. 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


347 


Changes  in  Upper  Harz  Metallurgical  Industries 

JENA         CORRESPONDENCE 


The  smelting  works  in  operation  ai 
the  present  time  in  the  Upper  Harz  are 
at  Clausthal,  Lautenlhal,  Altenau  and 
St  Andreasberg.  The  Clausthal  works 
treat  the  concentrated  ores  from  the 
mines  at  that  place  and  the  greater  part 
of  the  concentrates  from  Grund.  The 
resulting  lead  bullion  is  shipped  down 
hill  by  rail  to  Lautenthal,  seven  miles 
distant,  and  there  refined,  producing  mar- 
ket lead  and  fine  silver.  The  Lautenthal 
works  smelts  the  entire  concentrates  of 
the  mines  at  Lautenthal,  and  part  of 
those  of  Grund  They  also  refine  the 
crude  silver  of  the  St.  Andreasberg  and 
Altenau  smelteries,  parting  it  whenever 
it  contains  gold  in  sufficient  quantity. 

Foreign  Ores  Purchased  to  Maintain 
Operations 

The  St.  Andreasberg  works  treated  the 
ore  from  the  local  mines,  now  abandoned, 
and  the  high-grade  lead  ore  from  Grund, 
in  conjunction  with  purchased  foreign 
ores,  and  produced  market  lead,  crude 
dore  bullion  and  copper  matte.  The  lat- 
ter is  shipped  to  Altenau,  and  together 
with  the  copper  matte  from  Clausthal 
and   Lautenthal   and  copper  pyrites   from 


the  mines  at  Clausthal,  is  worked  for 
copper  and  blue-stone.  But  as  the  sup- 
ply of  material  did  not  insure  a  con- 
tinuous run,  the  works  were  obliged  to 
purchase  foreign  copper  ores. 

For  a  time  the  acquisition  of  foreign 
ores  proved  to  be  remunerative,  but 
when  other  smelting  works  in  Germany 
and  abroad  entered  the  market,  the  com- 
petition became  ruinous;  for  Altenau  oc- 
cupies a  most  unfavorable  position  for 
cheap  transportation.  It  is  situated  seven 
miles  from  the  nearest  railroad  station, 
so  that  after  a  long  haul  by  rail  the 
ore  had  to  be  transferred  to  wagons. 

The  St.  Andreasberg  smeltery,  although 
at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad, 
was  practically  in  the  same  predicament, 
as  the  great  bulk  of  the  ore  and,  after 
April  1  of  this  year  the  whole  of  it,  had 
to  be  brought  in  by  rail  on  an  uphill 
grade.  Fuel  and  all  other  material  re- 
quired had  to  come  in  by  the  same  route. 
It  is  not  surprising  then  that  both  these 
works  were  run  at  a  loss  for  a  number 
oi  years.  The  Prussian  Diet,  seeing 
that  this  state  of  affairs  could  not  go 
on  forever,  urged  the  government  to  dis- 
continue   these    unprofitable    enterprises. 


Employment  had  to  be  provided  then  for 
the  working  population  of  the  two  towns, 
and  this  was  effected  as  described  below. 

All  Smelting  to  Be  Done  at  Claus- 
thal, AND  Refining  at   Lautenthal 

After  working  up  the  supplies  on  hand 
both  the  Altenau  and  the  St.  Andreasberg 
smelteries  will  be  shut  down.  Altenau 
will  receive  railroad  communications  with 
the  outside  world,  thus  enabling  its  peo- 
ple to  seek  employment  at  some  distance 
from  their  homes.  The  railroad  at  St. 
Andreasberg  which  terminates  at  the 
smeltery,  is  to  be  extended  uphill  to  the 
town,  with  the  same  object  in  view  as  at 
.Mtenau. 

All  of  the  lead  ores  of  the  Upper  Har^ 
will  be  shipped  to  the  Clausthal  works, 
to  be  smelted  there.  The  copper  matte, 
as  well  as  any  copper  ore  that  may  bs 
produced  by  the  mines,  will  be  sold  to 
private  smelters,  a  practice  which  has 
obtained  for  a  number  of  years  with  the 
zinc  blende  produced.  The  lead  bullion 
will  be  shipped  to  Lautenthal  for  refin- 
ing. The  purchase  of  ore  is  to  be  dis- 
continued. In  this  manner  the  general 
expense  will  be  reduced  and  a  great 
source   of  loss  eliminated. 


July  Operations  of  Goldfield  Consolidated 


The  preliminary  report  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  Gc-Mfield  Consolidated  Mines 
Company  for  July,  1910,  shows  that  21,- 
805  dry  tons  representing  a  gross  value 
of  S830,634  were  mined.  This  is  an  in- 
crease over  the  June  tonnage  amount- 
ing to  772  tons;  the  grade  of  the  ore  was, 
however,  0.35  oz.  per  ton  less,  represent- 
ing a  total  decrease  of  S68,846  in  the 
value  of  the  production  for  the  month. 


.iri.Y    ITtOlUCTIOX. 

Wft 
Tons. 

Dr.v 
Ton's. 

Oz.per 
Ton. 

Value. 

Coiiiljinatlon.  .  .  , 

Moliawk 

Bed  Top 

Clennont 

PoIal 

."),l>.^>0 
7,664 
.■i,<»99 
6,6.i2 

•l,.s.->s 

7,002 
3,700 
6,1,55 

l.l.-i 
1.16 
1   56 
3 ,  38 

.5113,124 
169,545 
119,288 
428.677 

23,56.=. 

21,805 

1.84 

$830,631 

Results  o 
,      The   perforrr 
1  follows:     Dry 
1  age  value   per 
'5830,634;  loss 
realized,  S7S1, 

F    MlLI 

lancc 
tons  I 
ton, 
in  tai 

ni5;  p 

,INC    C 

of   the 

nilled, 

.•^.•?8.10 

lings, 

ercent 

)PERAT 

mill 
21,80. 
;    tota 
S49,61 
age  e> 

IONS 

was   as 
i;  aver- 
I    value, 
9;  total 
ctracted, 

94.03.      The    extraction    shows    a    slight 
falling  off  from  that  attained  in  May  and 
in  June,  i.e.,  95,2  and  95.47  per  cent. 
.iri.Y  KxrKx.si:s. 

IV  r 
Aniouilt.      Toil. 
HuUion  Ia.\  ami  niarkeliiiK  bul- 
lion   s    i.'i.onn     

.\(1  mi  nisi  rat  ion,  etc 17.(100     

Tolal  Kcneral S    32.000     $1.47 

MiniMK 80,000       3.67 

Tninsportation 2,800       0.13 

\lillinc  and  cyanidinK.  $55,200 
MarkctiriK  concentrate 

re^irlucs 12.000 

67.200       3.08 

Construction 25.000       1 .  15 

Net  cost $207,000     $9. .50 

LoKs  in  tailinK.s 49,619       2  28 

Total  costs  and  losses $2.56.619  $11   78 

A  profit  of  .S26.32  per  ton  was  realized 
from  milling  ore  the  total  value  of  which 
was  $38.10  per  ton.  The  total  profit  for 
July  was  S574,015,  making  the  total  profit 
percentage  69.11.  The  profit  percentage 
for  June  was  69.10;  the  total  profit 
was,  however,  ?54,449  less  than  that 
realized  in  June  and  S149.381  less  than 
that  for  May. 


Operations  were  hampered  in  July  by 
a  shortage  of  water  for  milling.  The 
mine  and  mill  were  both  ready  by  July  1 
to  continue  production  at  the  full  capa- 
city at  which  they  were  running  before 
the  fire  of  April  8;  but  during  July  the 
water  received  was  only  two-thirds  the 
amount  received  in  March.  By  husband- 
ing the  water  in  the  mill  with  great  care, 
using  the  spent  cyanide  solutions  in  the 
batteries  instead  of  fresh  water,  it  was 
found  possible  to  get  through  about  85 
per  cent,  of  a  full  tonnage,  but  this  prac- 
tice is  not  metallurgically  good.  Both 
costs  and  losses  were  increased  over  what 
they  should  have  been.  It  is  hoped  that 
this  difficulty  will  be  overcome,  at  least 
partly,  during  August.  Some  rains  have 
broken  a  dry  spell  of  seven  months,  and 
this  new  water  is  already  beginning  to 
help  out  the  supply. 

Developments 

Discoveries  of  new  ore  were  unusually 
light  during  July,  although  the  total  ad- 
vance   made    in    development   work   was 


348 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,   1910. 


2520  ft.,  equal  to  one  foot  for  8"  j  tons 
milled  as  against  one  foot  for  seven 
tons  in  June.  This  work  was  divided 
among  the  various  shafts  as  follows: 
Combination,  297  ft..  Alohawk,  659;  Red 
Top,  387;  Clermont,  1177;  total,  2520 
ft.  New  ore  was  taken  from  main  levels 
as  follows:  Combination,  230-ft.  level, 
200  tons,  averaging  0.75  oz.;  Mohawk, 
450-ft.  level,  90  tons,  averaging  1.87  oz.; 
Clermont,  600-ft.  level,  405  tons,  aver- 
aging 0.60  oz.;  750- ft.  level,  270  tons, 
averaging  0.75  oz. ;  total,  965  tons,  aver- 
aging 0.79  ounces. 

Some   showings   of  consequence   were 


for  the  mill.  All  material  for  these 
structures  has  been  ordered,  and  in  most 
cases  the  erection  is  well  under  way.  The 
general  manager  states  that  operations 
may  safely  be  said  to  be  going  on  satis- 
factorily in  all  departments. 


Notes  on  the  Geology  of  the 
Porcupine  District 

Dr.  Willet  G.  Aliller,  provincial  geo- 
logist of  Ontario,  has  published  a  map 
of  the  Porcupine  gold  area,  including  the 
townships    of    Whitney,    Tisdale,    Deloro 


intrusions  which  took  place  in  Post- 
Huronian  times.  The  quartz  has  been 
deposited  from  the  impure  superheated 
w-aters  under  great  pressure,  which 
worked  through  the  rocks  after  the 
granite   intrusion. 

Development  Work  Limited 

When  the  field  work  in  connection  with 
the  preparation  of  the  map  was  in  pro- 
gress, development  work  on  the  ore- 
bodies  was  only  in  its  preliminary  stages, 
and  facilitie^s  for  the  study  of  ore  de- 
posits were  not  good.  The  occurrence  of 
some   of  the   more    important   orebodies 


GLACIAL  AND  RECENT 
1  Drift  Inchiilaa  boiiMor  ud  beildvj 
J  oldjs.  Btnd  uid  grtTcI. 


PRECAMBUL\>' 
r      y]     OLIVINE  DIAI1A8E 
/     »|  IiitniBlve  Into  tlit  Ilurvnlui 
of  (he  Porou[>lDe  areix. 


LEGEND 

Hi.VEOtS  CO.\TACT 
I  HURONIAN 

I    Conglomonito,  graywaoko  bdiJ  slate. 

More  dUturlic'l  Hiuti  that  of  the 
CoMlt  ttrM.   SiBles  tilled  up  Into 

vertical  poalllon  nnd  In  pluses 

rpndered  soliUlo^c;  tblckness  ot 

least  iOO  foct. 


UtiKAT  O'CiXFOnMITr 
I]  LAUUENTAIK 

II  Mcdlum-ffralned  blotllo  granite 
Intruiies  tlio  Ke^watin:  relation 
lu  tlie  Huroolan  unknonn,  Tb« 
rook  is  tt  inrtlluin-jTnlMed  blotito 
ao'l  litPor*  freatlj  in  apitcanuice 
from  tjptcai  LaurcntinD. 


The  Engxtiearing  ^  Minxng  Journal 


'^^■/iU^  Auiysduloldal  liwalla,  .luartt  porphy* 
rios.  I'clsltes  aud  wriicutliio*:  larfclj 
altered  V'T  pivBSUr*  to  green  aod  p«T 
schists:  also  aroai  of  jbb(<«i  Iron  form- 
ation which  contain  a  owiBtdatablv 
quantity  of  carbonate. 


The  Porcupine  Gold  Area  of  Ontario 


found,  particularly  in  the  Combination, 
where  extensions  were  found  of  the 
Hampton-stope  orebody,  both  upward  and 
downward;  but  these  discoveries  were  not 
on  main  levels.  The  greater  part  of  the 
development  work  now  going  on  is  de- 
signed to  open  up  new  territory  as  fast 
as  possible  without  stopping  to  look  for 
ore  until  certain  objective  points  have 
been  reached. 

Construction  Work 
Satisfactory  progress  was  made  during 
the  month  on  the  fire-protection  system, 
the  new  assay  office,  round-house,  elec- 
trical building,  transformer  houses, 
Laguna  shaft  equipment,  and  the  mill 
storehouse.  In  addition  a  new  refinery 
and  a  heating  plant  have  been  designed 


and  Shaw,  on  a  scale  of  one  mile  to 
the  inch,  accompanied  by  two  more  de- 
tailed maps  showing  vein  locations  on  the 
Dome  and  Foster  properties  and  on  lots 
10  and  11,  concession  2,  Tisdale  town- 
ship. The  map,  a  reproduction  of  which 
is  published  herewith,  is  accompanied  by 
explanatory  notes  on  the  geology  of  the 
area. 

Doctor  Miller  notes  that  outcrops  of 
quartz  are  numerous  in  the  area,  being 
found  both  in  rocks  of  Keewatin  and 
Huronian  age.  The  age  of  the  rocks 
does  not  appear  to  have  any  bearing  on 
the  character  of  the  veins,  either  as  to 
form  or  gold  content.  He  has  little  doubt 
that  the  quartz  deposits  of  the  Porcupine 
area  are  connected  with  the  great  granite 


is  shown  in  the  detailed  maps.  Those  at 
the  Timmins  cut  across  the  strike  of  the 
schist  and  vary  considerably  in  width 
from  point  to  point.  This  is  characteristic 
of  practically  all  the  orebodies  in  the 
area.  They  widen  into  large  masses  of 
quartz,  in  one  or  two  cases  from  75  to 
100  ft.  in  width,  and  narrow  abruptly. 
The  Foster  vein  differs  from  the  Tinimins 
vein  in  this  respect. 

Time  did  not  permit  of  the  sampling  of 
any  of  the  orebodies,  but  it  could  be 
seen  in  hand  specimens  that  the  quartz 
in  several  of  the  deposits  is  of  high  grade. 
Experienced  mining  men  will  not,  how- 
ever, lay  too  much  stress  on  surface 
showings,  but  will  wait  to  test  the  de- 
posits at  depth. 


Au.-^ust  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


349 


C.  \V.  Knight,  who  was  engaged  in  the 
preparation  of  the  detailed  maps,  pre- 
sents some  notes  on  thin  sections  of  the 
more  typical  rocks,  especially  those  near 
the  better  known  properties.  Schist  from 
No.  I  shaft  of  the  Dome  is  fine  grained 
and  made  up  of  dolomite,  sericite,  a 
little  chlorite  or  serpentine,  and  quartz. 
In  this  matrix  are  set  larger  grains  of 
quartz,  the  boundaries  of  which  are  very 
irregular.  Dolomite  is  the  most  abundant 
mineral.  A  section  from  No.  2  shaft 
shows  the  rock  to  be  a  fine-grained, 
sericitic  schist,  highly  impregnated  with 
dolomite.  Some  grains  of  quartz  and 
feldspar  are  present.  An  outcrop  of 
Huronian  graywacke,  occurring  about  a 
mile  west  of  Porcupine  post  office,  is 
made  up  of  angular  fragments  of  quartz 
and  feldspar,  with  sericite  and  other  sec- 
ondary minerals.  The  rock  at  the  bunk 
house  of  the  Dome  mines  is  similar,  and 
thin  sections  from  other  parts  of  the 
Huronian  graywacke  have  the  same  com- 
position. Thin  sections  from  the  quartz 
veins  on  the  Timmins  show  some  of  the 
feldspar  to  have  albite  twinning  lamells. 
Both  quartz  and  feldspar  show  marked 
wavy  extinction,  and  some  of  the  grains 
have  been  broken  up  and  are  now  sur- 
rounded by  a  narrow  rim  of  crushed  min- 
eral fragments. 


Special    National    Convenrion    of 
Mine  Workers  in  Session 


Indianapolis  Correspondence 


The  special  national  convention  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  has 
been  in  session  in  Indianapolis,  for  three 
days.  Notwithstanding  the  many  offer- 
ings of  peace  by  the  delegates,  the  delib- 
erations thus  far  would  indicate  that  tne 
very  life  of  the  big  organization  is  hang- 
ing in  the  balance.  There  is  an  apparent 
determination  of  the  factions  following 
.lohn  Walker,  of  Illinois,  and  those  follow- 
ing President  Lewis  to  fight  out  their  dif- 
ferences at  any  cost.  There  are  about 
1200  delegates  present,  among  whom  are 
a  few  that  attended  the  first  convention 
of  the  union  23  years  ago.  What  the 
outcome  of  the  convention  will  be - 
whether  a  disrupted  organization  or  a 
more  unified  body — no  one  can  tell. 

President  Lewis  makes  it  plain  that  the 
organization  is  facing  a  crisis  which  is 
probably  the  most  serious  in  its  history. 
While  the  convention  has  been  called  os- 
tensibly for  the  purpose  of  dealing  with 
the  wage  difficulties  in  the  various  fields 
in  which  the  union  miners  are  on  strike, 
there  is  no  attempt  to  conceal  the  fact 
I  that  internal  factional  troubles  of  a  ser- 
ious character  are  to  be  settled  if  it  is 
possible  to  do  so.  This,  in  fact,  is  the 
real   fight  of  the   convention.     Whether 


President  Lewis  will  be  able  to  establish 
the  authority  of  his  administration,  or 
his  opponents  take  charge  of.  the  conven- 
tion and  ultimately  the  organization,  is 
now  a  matter  of  serious  speculation. 

Walker  Denounces  Compromise  Prop- 
osition 

On  the  floor  of  the  convention  Mr. 
Walker  denounced  the  Indianapolis  com- 
promise proposition  which  was  submitted 
to  the  Illinois  miners  by  the  international 
executive  board  and  President  Lewis.  He 
says  the  Illinois  miners  knew  their  posi- 
tion was  right  and  that  they  proposed 
to  maintain  it.  He  said  he  did  not  fear 
a  fight  on  the  floor  of  the  convention. 

The  Peoria  convention  was  held 
after  the  special  convention  of  miners 
at  Cincinnati  last  March.  The  Cincin- 
nati convention  formulated  demands 
which  were  to  form  the  basis  of  all 
wage  agreements  made  between  the 
miners  and  the  operators  throughout  the 
country.  Among  other  things,  they  de- 
manded an  increase  of  5c.  a  ton  in  the 
mining  rate,  with  proportionate  increases 
for  day  labor  and  dead  work  about  the 
mines.  Some  of  the  districts  have  made 
new  agreements  on  this  basis,  hut  Illinois 
has  not  signed  because  ol  local  troubles. 
The  Cincinnati  convention  decided  that 
local  differences  should  be  referred  to 
the  districts  themselves  for  settlement. 
In  Illinois  there  was  a  question  whether 
the  miners  or  operators  should  pay  the 
wages  of  the  shot  firers  in  the  mines. 

No  agreement  was  reached  on  this 
question,  and  a  strike  of  the  72,000  union 
men  in  Illinois  resulted.  Nearly  50,000 
of  these  men  are  still  out.  Recently  the 
international  executive  board,  after  a  con- 
ference with  operators  and  miners  from 
Illinois,  submitted  to  the  miners  of  that 
State  a  compromise  proposition  for  a 
settlement,  which  was  not  exactly  like 
the  demands  made  at  the  Peoria  conven- 
tion. This  proposition  was  submitted  to 
a  referendum  vote  in  Illinois,  and  it  is 
understood  that  it  was  rejected  by  a  prac- 
tically unanimous  vote.  National  Presi- 
dent Thomas  L.  Lewis  and  the  executive 
board  advised  its  acceptance.  .lohn  H. 
Walker,  president  of  the  Illinois  miners, 
and  other  State  officials,  opposed  its  ac- 
ceptance. 

Intense  Feeling  Has  Been  Stirred  Up 

One  of  the  main  questions  now  before 
the  national  convention  is  whether  the 
executive  board  of  the  Illinois  miners 
themselves  shall  have  final  authority  in 
the  settlement  of  this  difference.  Intense 
feeling  has  been  stirred  up,  and  the  fac- 
tions are  keyed  up  for  a  struggle  in  the 
convention.  The  Lewis  followers  are 
numerous  among  the  delegates,  and  so 
are  the  Walker  people,  and  each  side  is 
apparently  confident  that  it  will  win  in 
the  final  struggle.  Walker  says  he  will 
fight  to  the  end  for  the  Peoria  demands. 


In  this  position  he  has  the  solid  backing 
of  the  Illinois  delegation  and  promises 
of  support  from  other  sections. 

The  plea  of  the  Illinois  miners  is  for 
financial  help  to  feed  their  idle  men  and 
their  families.  They  also  ask  that  the 
national  officers  of  the  organization  not 
in  sympathy  with  them,  to  stay  out  of 
Illinois  and  do  not  meddle  with  their 
affairs  relating  to  the  strike.  They  as- 
sert that  they  can  win  the  strike  without 
the  indorsement  of  the  national  executive 
board,  and  would  have  done  so  before 
this  if  the  executive  board  had  not  ad- 
vised certain  of  the  Illinois  miners  to  re- 
turn to  work. 

Iliinois  Organization  Out  of  Funds 

The  Illinois  organization  has  used  all 
its  money  and  borrowed  SI 00,000  from 
the  Iowa  association  to  maintain  the 
strike.  They  declare  that  if  the  entire  or- 
ganization is  to  live,  some  means  must  be 
provided  with  which  to  carry  on  the  strike. 
President  Lewis  is  severely  criticized  for 
having  spent  S85,000  for  organization 
purposes,  S40,000  of  which  was  paid  as 
salaries  to  organizers.  It  is  a  notable 
fact  that  during  the  convention  thus  far 
President  Lewis  has  succeeded  in  draw- 
ing out  all  of  the  opposing  faction's  com- 
plaints and  charges.  He  has  shown  little 
resentment,  but  it  is  expected  he  will 
during  the  remaining  sessions  make  a 
defense  of  his  administration  sufficiently 
strong  to  sway  the  convention  and  bring 
about  respect  for  his  authority  and  possi- 
bly restore  harmony  and  cooperation, 
which  are  the  best  assets  in  a  labor 
union. 


Production   of  Sand  and  Gravel  in 
the  United  States 

More  than  818,000,000  worth  of  sand 
and  gravel  was  mined  for  sale  in  the 
United  States  in  1909,  exceeding  by  over 
S4,700,000  the  value  of  the  product  in 
1908.  The  production  in  1908  was  37,- 
216,044  short  tons;  that  of  1909  was 
58,027,025  short  tons.  The  average  price 
in  1909  for  building  sand  was  about  31c. 
per  short  ton,  and  of  gravel  25c.  Accord- 
ing to  the  press  bulletin  of  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  the  increase  in  pro- 
duction is  due  to  the  extensive  use  of 
sand   in  concrete  construction. 


Explosion  at  Cerro  de  Pasco 


It  is  reported  that  an  explosion  oc- 
curred a  few  days  ago  in  the  colliery  of 
the  Cerro  de  Pasco  company,  Peru,  kill- 
ing 60  men.  It  is  rumored  that  the  cop- 
per mines  and  smelting  w^orks  have  rela- 
•ively  little  coal  and  coke  on  hand,  and 
the  accident  in  the  colliery  is  likely  to 
cause  a  suspension  of  copper  production 
for  a  considerable  time. 


350 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MININg 


Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  asC 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Miniug 


Skip  Changing  Device  at  Leonard 
No.  2  Shaft 

A  device  by  which  skips  and  man 
cages  are  interchanged  in  2'j  min.  is 
used  on  the  steel  head  frame  at  the  No. 
2  shaft  of  the  Leonard  mine  at  Butte, 
Alont.  As  shown  in  the  accompanying 
diagrammatic  sketch,  a  portion  of  the 
guide  in  the  shaft  is  cut  away  and  pivoted 
at  the  top  so  that  the  lower  end  may  be 


.Pivoted  obove 
ri. 


of  the  guide  at  the  proper  point  so  that 
it  will  form  a  continuation  of  a  fixed 
guide  for  the  man  cages.  By  throwing 
these  lugs  back  the  guide  may  swing 
over  against  fixed  lugs  so  as  to  form  a 
crntinuation  of  a  fixed  guide  for  skips. 
These  two  fixed  guides  are  made  of  angle 
iron. 

When  it  is  desired  to  take  off  the  skip 
and  use  man  cages,  the  skip  is  hoisted 
above  the  lower  end  of  the  section  of 
movable  guide,  this  section  is  swung  out 
against  the  fixed  lugs,  the  skip  lowered 
onto  the  fixed  angle-iron  guide  and  the 
hoisting  cable  disconnected.    The  section 


To  Air  operated 
Cylinder 


Ttir  Enjintering  i  Mln\ng  Journal 

Arrangement  for  Interchanging  Skips 

AND  Cages  on  Leonard  No.  2 

Headframe,  Butte 

swung  over  to  either  of  two  other  fixed 
guides  on  which  cages  and  skips  are  sup- 
ported when  not  in  use. 

The  movement  of  the  loose  section  of 
the  runners  is  operated  by  a  compressed- 
air  cylinder.  A  rope  is  fastened  at  one 
end  to  a  rod  that  is  connected  to  the  guide, 
passed  over  blocks,  as  shown  in  the 
sketch,  and  the  other  end  fixed  to  the 
piston  rod  of  the  air  cylinder.  Movable 
lugs  operated  by  hand  levers  are  so  ar- 
ranged as  to  engage  the  moving  section 


Mechanical   Feeders  in  Bunker 
Hill  &  Sullivan  Mill 

The  accompanying  sketches  show  feed- 
ers mechanically  operated  from  eccentric 
shafts,  that  are  used  in  the  new  concen- 
trating mill  of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sulli- 
van company,  at  Kellogg,  Ida.  Fig.  I  is 
a  feeder  for  the  Huntington  mills.  There 
is  an  incline  from  the  crushed-ore  bin 
through  which  the  ore  slides  into  the 
chamber  A.  At  one  end  of  this  chamber 
there  is  a  piston  E,  connected  by  the  rod 
B  to  the  eccentric  shaft  C.    Motion  of  the 


Erom  Ore  Bin 


Fio.  1 


Ore  Discharge 
to  Roll 


Water        "^''^  Enjineorinu  i  mntnj  Jaiirnat 

Mechanical  Feeders  Used  in  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Mill 


of  the  guide  is  then  swung  down 
to  engage  the  movable  lugs,  which 
are  thrown  out,  and  the  hoisting  cable 
fastened  to  the  man  cage  which  is 
then  hoisted  far  enough  to  allow  the 
section  of  guide  to  be  swung  back  into 
the  vertical  position.  In  interchanging 
skips  and  cages  it  is  necessary  to  tasten 
the  hoisting  cable  with  ropes  before  it  is 
removed  from  the  skip  or  cage.  The  en- 
tire operation  of  changing  from  skip  to 
cages  or  vice  versa  is  quickly  performed 
by  a  man  stationed  at  the  platform  in  the 
headframe  where  are  situated  the  levers 
for  operating  the  air  cylinders  that  con- 
trol the  swing  of  the  guide  and  for  throw- 
ing out  the  lugs  to  engage  the  guide. 


shaft  causes  the  piston  to  slide  back  and 
forth  in  the  chamber,  thus  forcing  the 
ore  into  the  incline  to  the  Huntingtons. 
There  is  a  screen  bed  over  the  incline,  so 
that  only  the  finer  material  is  fed  to  the 
Huntingtons,  the  coarser  material  passing 
on   as   indicated    in   the   drawing. 

The  device  shown  in  Fig.  2  is  used 
for  feeding  rolls.  The  ore  passes  by 
gravity  into  the  hopper  A,  which  is  con- 
nected by  the  rod  B  to  the  eccentric 
shaft  C.  Motion  of  the  eccentric  shaft 
causes  the  hopper  to  shake  back  and 
forth;  the  hopper  is  hung  by  iron  straps 
fastened  to  the  ceiling.  Water  drains  off 
from  the  hopper  through  the  pipe  at  D 
and  ore  is  discharged  to  the  rolls  through 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


351 


the  spout  E.  The  hopper  is  built  of 
sheet  steel  and  is  wood  lined,  to  prevent 
wear.  Besides  giving  a  constant  feed. 
this  device  also  acts  as  an  efficient 
dewaterer.  It  is  run  at  200  r.p.m.,  and 
is  ojven  a  2-in.  shake.  Both  arrange- 
ments are  automatic  in  their  action  and 
insure  a  constant  feed  to  the  grinding 
machines,  which  is  a  decided  advantage. 
The  rate  of  feed  can  be  easily  regulated 
by  controlling  the  rate  at  which  the  ec- 
centric shaft  is  revolved. 


Framing  Timbers  Before  Shipment 
Bv   E.  Noble  Greenleaf* 


A  Mine  Surveyor's  Spud 


By  Howard  W.  Morgan* 


The  accompanying  illustrations  show 
an  improvement  in  the  ordinary  survey- 
or's spud,  which  I  have  found  to  be  a 
great  time  saver.  Fig.  1  shows  the  usual 
form  of  spud,  bought  ready  made  or 
made  from  a  horseshoe  nail.  After  many 
uncomfortable  experiences  trying  to  pass 
a  wet  plumb-bob  cord  through  the  hole 
in  a  spud  just  out  of  reach,  the  idea  oc- 


A 


A 


Fic.  1 


Fig.  2 

Tht  Enffliu*ring  ^  Mintng  Jtmrnal 


Spud  for  Mine  Surveyor's  Use 

curred  to  me  to  make  one  as  shown  in 
Fig.  2.  This  is  the  same  spud  with  a 
slot  cut  from  the  uoper  edge  to  the  hole. 
It  is  always  easy  to  slip  a  looped  cord 
into  place  in  this  spud.  The  slot  is  cut 
with  a  hand  hacksaw  and  enough  spuds 
for  a  day's  trip  underground  can  be 
slotted  in  a  few  minutes.  The  slot  does 
not  close  up  in  driving  the  spud.  It  is 
used  in  every  way  the  same  as  the  origin- 
al, and  possesses  all  the  advantages  of 
this  well  known  form. 


Few  mining  companies  when  contem- 
plating the  construction  of  a  mill  or  re- 
duction plant  ask  for  figures  on  the  en- 
tire work,  in  accordance  with  the  spec- 
ifications furnished  or  drawn  up  by  the 
manufacturer.  Nearly  all  such  inquiries 
come  from  companies  owning  properties 
in  isolated  districts,  in  which  the  trans- 
portation means  a  long  wagon  haul  over 
a  rough,  mountainous  country,  or  over 
the  hot,  dry  desert. 

It  would  seein  best  at  first  thought,  to 
prepare  all  heavy  timbers  before  ship- 
ment, no  matter  what  the  size  of  the 
plant,  inasmuch  as  they  could  be  framed, 
bored  for  bolts,  drifts,  etc.,  with  nothing 
further  to  do  but  to  erect  them.  Thus  tne 
frame  would  be  complete  and  the  work 
performed  by  the  best  workmen  using 
modern  equipment  for  handling  heavy 
timbers 

Up  to  this  point,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
about  the  economy  of  the  scheme,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  time  saved.  However, 
the  mine  manager's  idea  cannot  be  ques- 
tioned until  he  is  shown  the  bad  results 


ble  to  reframe  the  slock.  It  would 
hardly  be  considered  economy  to  send 
extra  timber  in  all  sizes  to  be  used  in 
such  cases,  for  it  would  be  necessary 
to  have  all  sizes  in  the  e.\tra  timber  con- 
sidered, as  it  would  be  rather  difficult 
to  know  which  piece  would  be  needed 
the  most. 

The  idea  as  outlined  was  carried  out 
in  connection  with  the  installation  of  a 
20-stamp  mill  and  cyanide  plant,  with  all 
the  bad  results  as  stated,  and  a  consid- 
erable increase  in  the  cost  of  the  plant. 
All  of  the  manufacturers  of  mining  ma- 
chinery, as  well  as  contracting  and  en- 
ginering  companies,  receive  many  sucn 
inquiries,  and  they  should  be  discouraged 
in  all  cases,  as  it  is  not  possible  to  get 
good  results  from  what  would  at  first 
seem  to  be  a  splendid  scheme. 


A   Simple  Cable  Grip 

An  arrangement  termed  a  "comealong" 
is  shown  in  the  accompanying  drawing. 
This  apparatus,  devised  by  E.  T.  Wall, 
dredgemaster  of  the  Natomas  No.  1 
dredge  operating  near  Folsom,  Cal.,  is 
much  simpler  than  most  of  the  devices 
used  to  grip  cables  that  have  to  be  con- 


To  Aiichorajtt 
or  Otra^l  Maa 


Line  to  Dredge 


Side  View 


To  Louson 


T\e  Enainefriiuj  i  Mining  ./oumal 

Adjustable  Grip  for  Dredge  Cables 


I 


End 
View 


The  OO-mile  Nogales-Altar  automobile 
highway  in  Sonora,  for  which  funds  were 

I  contributed  in  Nogales,  is  nearing  com- 
pletion. H.  J.  and  W.  E.  Karns  will 
establish  regular  automobile  service,  a 
car  going  to  Altar  one  day  and  returning 
to  Nogales  the  next.  Service  between 
Altar  and   Boludo   and    La   Cienega,   and 

I  between  Altar  and  Port  Lobos,  via  Ca- 
horca,  is  also  planned. 

ipan.v"M'!fw„'!ri!;"':'"vis'-  •^"'-'■""""-«  ^"m- 


derived  from  the  shipment  of  framed 
timber.  The  shrinkage,  checking  and 
changes  which  take  place  in  such  timber, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  damage  done  in 
transportation  to  finished  portions,  simply 
destroy  all  of  the  work  of  framing  al- 
ready done. 

Rf.framinc  the  Stock  after  Damage  by 
Transportation    Often    Impossible 

It  often  becomes  necessary  to  do  the 
framing  all  over  again  at  the  property,  but 
it  is  imposible  even  after  so  doing,  to 
make  a  first-class  job  of  any  buildings 
or  timber  work  put  up  in  this  manner. 
Take  for  example  the  case  of  a  number 
of  large  posts  after  being  carefully 
framed  and  cut  to  one  length.  What 
would  be  the  result  after  shipment?  It 
would  mean  the  framing  of  the  entire  lot 
down  to  the  one  requiring  re  framing; 
consequently  all  other  timbers  belonging 
to  the  same  structure  would  have  to  be 
re  framed. 

Suppose,  however,  it  is  found  impossi- 

•Cnrp     of     Viiuni:     ronstnicfion     rompnnv 
I'nlon    Imllrllni;.    T.ns    Anci'los.    ('nl. 


stantly  adjusted  and  at  the  same  time 
is  sure  in  its  action  and  easily  operated. 
The  boat  cable  or  side  line  is  secured  to 
the  eye  on  the  lower  frame  of  the  come- 
along.  A  line  is  anchored  at  the  deadman 
and  passed  between  the  two  bars  C  and 
D;  any  pull  on  this  line  serves  to  tighten 
the  grip  on  the  cable.  To  loosen  the  line 
it  is  only  necessary  to  strike  the  exten- 
sion of  the  frame  H  a  smart  rap  with  a 
sledge.  Slack  may  then  be  t"ken  up  as 
desired. 


Cripple  Creek   Drainage  Tunnel 

The  Cripple  Creek  deep  drainage  tun- 
nel is  nearing  the  point  from  which 
the  crosscut  will  be  started  to  connect 
with  the  churn-drill  hole  from  the  El 
Paso  shaft.  The  crosscut  will  be  bulk- 
headed,  and  the  w^ater  released  through 
an  I8-in.  steel  pipe,  regulated  by  a  screw 
valve.  The  formal  opening  of  the  tun- 
nel is  set  for  Sept.  I,  by  which  time  con- 
nection will  be  made.  It  is  expected 
that  Ex-president  Roosevelt  will  be  pres- 
ent. 


352 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


Crane     for  Loading  Material 
on  Mine  Cages 


A  5-ton  electric  crane  has  been  in- 
stalled at  the  Newport  mine  at  Ironwood, 
Michigan,  for  the  purpose  of  loading  and 
unloading  material  to  be  lowered  into  the 
mine  on  the  cages.  The  incline  shaft  of 
70-deg.  has  two  cage  compartments 
in  addition  to  the  two  regular  skipways. 
The  crane  is  of  sufficient  length  to  en- 
able the  handling  of  the  skips  in  case 
of  breakdown  or  accident  to  any  of  their 
parts. 

The  intention  is  to  use  the  crane  for 
handling  all  mine  timber.  The  large 
posts  and  caps  will  be  handled  singly  or 
in  pairs  by  hooks,  while  the  lagging  will 
be  baled  into  bundles  of  convenient 
size  when  placed  upon  the  timber 
trucks  at  the  lagging  piles.  The  truck 
will    be    pushed    under    the    crane-way, 


a  rope  around  the  timber  and  then  lower- 
ing the  cage  and  afterward  swinging  the 
timber   into   the   level. 

Needless  to  say,  this  hoisting  and  car- 
rying arrangement,  as  shown  in  the  illus- 
trations, will  be  of  great  advantage  in- 
lowering  machinery,  electric  motors, 
rails,  etc.,  into  the  mine. 


Results    of    Furnace    Enlargements 
at  the  Granby  Smeltery* 


By  Frank  E.  Lathe 


The  enlargement  of  the  furnaces  at 
the  Granby  smeltery  has  brought  about 
many  changes  at  this  British  Columbia, 
plant.  It  has  been  conclusively  proved 
that,  other  things  being  equal,  the  ton- 
nage smelted  per  square  foot  of  tuyere 
area   will   be   greater   for  long   than    for 


ately  to  the  output.  All  these  points  ar 
true  for  the  lengthening  of  furnaces  with- 
out deepening,  and  the  Washoe  smeltery, 
at  Anaconda,  Mont.,  may  be  given  as  the 
most  conspicuous  example  of  success  at- 
tending such  enlargement.  There  are, 
however,  still  further  and  no  less  import- 
ant advantages  to  be  derived  from  the 
deepening  of  furnaces,  in  some  instances, 
at  least,  and  these  will  now  be  consid- 
ered in  the  case  of  the  Granby  smeltery. 

Deep  Ore  Columns   Produce  Lower 

Grade  Matte  and  More  Silicious 

Slags 

As  a  rule,  the  deeper  the  column  of  ore 
in  a  furnace,  the  less  sulphur  will  be 
burnt  off,  resulting  in  a  lower  grade  of 
matte,  and  as  this  requires  more  iron 
to  unite  with  the  sulphur,  the  slag  will  be 
somewhat  more  silicious.  With  the  deep- 
ening of  the  Granby  furnaces,  the  cop- 
per in  the  matte  was  decreased  5  to   10 


Ladder 

and 
Pipes 

s 

Cage 

CaEe 

Skip 

Skip 

n£ 

1 

5  Ton  Electric  Crane   | 

11 

'ra 

kso 

5u 

fa< 

e 

1 

^Tracks 

Eor 

Timber  T 

rue 

ks,  etc. 

• 

//M. 


I 

J  Pipes 



Cage 


Skip 


Haulage  Tracks 


"I-Beam  Runways  in  Roof  ^ 

of  Station  and  Drift  for 
Carriage  of  Hoist. 


Main  Drift 


Surface  Plan,  Showing  Crane  and  Tracks. 


Plan  of  17th  Level 


7^  £«ijrin«enn9  ^  Afininjr  ./ouriMt 


Surface  and  Underground  Arrangements  for  Handling  Timber  at  Newport  Mine,  Ironwood,  Mich. 


■whence  the  hooks  of  the  crane  will  lift  the 
bales  bodily  and  place  them  upright  in 
the  cage. 

After  lowering  to  the  distributing  level, 
the  large  timbers  or  bales  of  lagging  will 
be  removed  from  the  cages  by  means  of 
a  small  1 '4-ton  hoist,  which  is  arranged 
underground.  This  hoist  is  attached  to  a 
carriage  running  along  an  I-beam  se- 
cured to  the  top  of  the  drift;  in  this  way 
the  load  is  removed  and  lowered  direct  to 
truck  or  car  as  desired.  This  under- 
ground hoist  is  operated  either  by  com- 
pressed air  or  electricity,  and  is  a  decided 
improvement  over  the  old  hand  method. 
It  was  difficult  to  handle  heavy  timber 
underground  in  the  contracted  area  of  a 
station  by  the  old  method  of  using  a 
large  number  of  inen. 

The  advantage  of  being  able  to  pull 
timber  from  the  cage  by  a  hoist  is  ob- 
viously superior  to  the  practice  of  fixing 


short  furnaces.  This  is  true  for  several 
reasons.  As  the  end  surfaces  are  the 
same,  the  enlargement  having  affected 
the  sides  only,  the  cooling  surface  has 
not  increased  proportionately  to  the  area. 
Moreover,  as  the  percentage  of  end  sur- 
face has  decreased,  so  also  has  the  for- 
mation of  accretions,  in  that  they  have 
much  less  opportunity  to  adhere  firmly 
to  long  sides  than  to  the  ends  and  cor- 
ners. 

The  matte  and  slag  will  be  hotter  and 
more  fluid  owing  to  the  increased  flow 
from  the  furnace.  As  the  ratio  of  cool- 
ing surface  to  tuyere  area  has  been  re- 
duced, the  amount  of  jacket  water  per 
ton  is  decreased,  and  with  it  the  loss  of 
heat,  thus  effecting  a  saving  of  coke. 
Usually  it  will  be  found  that  the  labor 
required    does    not    increase    proportion- 


•Excerpts    from    nn    article    in    Hull.    Cnn. 
MIn.  Inst.,  June,  1010. 


per  cent,  and  the  iron  in  the  slag  about 
I  per  cent.  This  meant  more  matte  to 
handle,  additional  work  for  the  convert- 
ers, and  more  converter  slag  to  be  re- 
turned to  the  furnaces,  as  well  as  a  more 
difficultly  fusible  blast-furnace  slag. 
Here,  however,  the  disadvantages  ended. 
When  the  matte  is  low  grade  more 
silicious  custom  ore  will  be  used  for  con- 
verter lining,  and  although  this  only  part- 
ly offsets  the  additional  expense,  yet 
the  cost  of  converting  compared  with  that 
of  the  initial  smelting  is  small  per  ton  of 
ore  treated.  Moreover,  the  converter  slag 
is  useful  in  the  furnaces,  and  often  as- 
sists materially  in  righting  a  furnace  that 
is  working  badly.  It  is  worthy  of  notice 
that  however  much  iron  is  taken  from  the 
blast-furnace  slag  to  form  a  low-grade 
matte,  all  is  finally  returned  to  the  fur- 
nace, the  only  disadvantage  being  that 
some  additional  silica  is  returned  with  it 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


353 


Increased  Tonnage  and  More  Uniform 
Operation     with     Deep     Furnace 

Column 
The  smaller  the,  amount  of  sulphur 
burned  off  in  a  furnace,  the  less  chance 
there  is  of  the  formation  of  metallics. 
This  has  been  a  marked  improvement  in 
the  deepening  of  the  Granby  furnaces, 
especially  in  the  case  of  the  two  furnaces 
with  the  smaller  tuyeres. 

The  present  blast-furnace  slags  are 
more  silicious  than  formerly,  as  already 
mentioned;  but  the  operation  of  the  fur- 
naces is  so  much  more  even  that  there 
is  less  difficulty.  A  good  tonnage  has 
been  maintained  with  47  per  cent,  silica 
slag  over  a  period  of  several  weeks,  while 
before  deepening  there  would  have  been 
difficulty  in  preventing  the  furnace  from 
ultimately  freezing  with  this  slag.  The 
tonnage  attained  per  square  foot  of 
tuyere  area  is  about  10  per  cent,  greater 
than  formerly. 


perfect  separation  of  matte  and  slag,  and 
the  danger  of  the  formation  of  copper 
oxide  is  decreased.  The  percentage  of 
copper  in  the  slag  has  thus  been  lowered 
by  0.05  per  cent.  While  this  quantity 
may  not  seem  great  at  first  sight,  it 
amounts  to  S150,000  to  3200,000  in  the 
course  of  a  year. 


The  Mexican  Planillas 

The  planilla  has  been  used  in  Mexico 
for  concentrating  ores  since  the  earliest 
days  of  mining  in  that  country.  It  is 
particularly  adapted  for  handling  ores 
high  in  silica  or  lime,  but  heavier  ma- 
terials can  also  be  treated  with,  of  course, 
smaller  capacity.  The  details  of  con- 
struction are  shown  in  the  accompanying 
illustration.  The  slopes  and  ribbing  are 
varied  by  the  Mexicans  by  rules  of  their 
own,  probably  based  on  experience. 


Planillas  at  San  Roberta  Mine 
The  San  Roberta  mine  treats  2  tons  of 
headings  per  day,  concentrating  5  to  1 
from  a  sized  material.  A  good  extraction 
is  reported.  H.  J.  Baron  in  describing  the 
operation  states  the  average  capacity  to  be 
about  1  1/2  tons  per  day,  one  peon  and 
one  or  two  muchachos  being  employed. 
While  planillas  cannot  be  said  to  com- 
pare in  efficiency  with  any  of  the  stand- 
ard tables,  for  a  temporary  device  to  as- 
certain what  can  be  done  with  an  ore 
they  can  be  and  are  used  to  advantage 
by  operators  other  than  Mexicans,  par- 
ticularly where  labor  is  cheap. 


Scoop  for  Dipping  Wood  from 
Stamp  Mortars 


Where  timber  is  used  in  stopes  there 
is  always  more  or  less  wood,  shot-up 
stulls,  splinters  and  so  forth,  in  the  ore. 


T\c  EifinMritij/  j  Mining  Jourti'^ 

The  Planilla,  a  Me.\ican  Concentrator 


Low    Ore     Column     Attended     with 
High    Temperature    of    Gases 
In  the  old  furnaces,  with  a  lower  col- 
umn of  ore,  much  of  the  heat  necessarily 
-■xtendcd  to  the  top  of  the  charge,  so  that 
he  gases  on  leaving  were  highly  heated. 
This   not    only    caused    a    needless    loss 
)f  sensible  heat  in  the  gases,  but  the  high 
emperature  to  which  the  downtakes  and 
he   steel    flue    chamber   were    subjected 
lecessitated     frequent     repairs.       By     a 
leepening   of  the    furnace    this   hot   gas 
las  to  pass  up  through  a  body  of  cooler 
)re,  to   which    it   imparts   a   considerable 
,ioi1ion  of  its  heat,  thus  saving  from  2  to 
i  per  cent. of  coke,  and  at  the  same  time 
lecreasing  the  damage  done  to  the  metal 
jlues.    The  labor  required  at  the  smeltery 
0  handle  the  larger  output  is  practically 
he  same  as  before.    The  greatest  saving 
||f  all,  however,  is   found   in   the  amount 
I'f  copper  that  passes  into  the  slag.     The 
lower  grade  of  matte,  greater  matte  flow, 
otter  matte  and  slag,  and  uniform  run- 
ling  of  the  furnaces  all  tend  to  a  more 


In  quantities  of  from  500  to  1000  lb., 
the  ore  after  crushing  and  proper  sizing 
is  shoveled  into  the  planilla,  making  a 
bed  of  from  3  to  6  in.  in  thickness.  The 
operator  stands  at  the  lower  or  front  end, 
and  by  means  of  a  bowl,  or  horn,  the  wa- 
ter is  thrown  on  the  material  in  quan- 
tities to  completely  souse  and  wash  it, 
the  water  both  overflowing  and  penetrat- 
ing it  and  passing  down  to  the  front  end 
where  it  is  caught,  either  in  a  pool  or  in 
a  drain.  If  the  water  is  caught  in  a 
pool,  it  is  thrown  over  the  material  again. 

The  water  carries  away  considerable  of 
the  lighter  material  or  waste  on  first 
washing,  but  it  is  customary  to  give  at 
least  three  thorough  washings.  As  the 
water  drains  through  and  out  of  the  ma- 
terial considerable  of  the  lighter  material 
accumulates  on  top,  and  this  is  carefully 
removed  by  means  of  a  shovel  or  rake. 
In  washing,  the  material  naturally  accu- 
mulates at  the  lower  end,  but  after  re- 
moval of  the  waste  it  is  shoveled  back  be- 
fore  re-washing. 


TJU  £nffinffrin^  f  Mirnn/f  Jounutl 

Scoop  for  Dipping  Wood  from  Mortar 

These  fragments  of  wood  collect  in  the 
stamp  battery,  and  should  be  removed 
as  they  cause  trouble  by  clogging  up  the 
screens.  It  is  usually  impracticable  to 
remove  them  before  the  ore  is  fed  to 
the   stamp   batteries. 

In  the  Angels  Quartz  Mining  Com- 
pany's mill  at  Angels  Camp,  Cal.,  scoops 
or  dippers  for  getting  these  wood  frag- 
ments out  of  the  mortars  are  hung  on 
each  battery.  The  scoops  are  nothing 
more  than  pieces  of  tin  plate  perforated 
with  holes,  bent  up  on  the  sides  and 
back  and  fixed  to  long  handles  for  reach- 
ing into  the  mortar.  The  accompanying 
drawing  shows  the  pattern  for  the  body 
of  the  scoop.  A  sheet  of  plate  is  cut  as 
shown  so  that  when  bent  up  along  the 
dotted  lines  the  sides  and  back  of  the 
scoop  are  formed.  The  handle  is  fastened 
to  the  back  at  the  point  indicated  on  the 
drawing.  A  number  of  plates  can  be  cut 
out  and  punched  at  the  same  time,  so 
that  the  labor  of  making  them  is  prac- 
tically nothing.  They  are  a  great  con- 
venience  around    a   stamp   mill. 


354 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


Recent  Developments  near  Helena,   Mont. 

SPECIAL        CORRESPONDENCE 


The  Boston  &  Alta  Copper  Company 
operating  on  the  old  Alta  mine  has  cut 
the  Alta  lode  40  ft.  north  of  the  shaft. 
The  point  cut  by  the  crosscut  from  the 
shaft  is  1,200  ft.  east  of  the  old  incline 
and  about  800  ft.  from  the  oreshoot  first 
worked.  It  is  probable  that  another  ore- 
shoot  will  be  encountered  in  this  distance 
as  no  development  work  has  ever  been 
done  in  the  ground  under  which  the 
drift  will  extend  to  the  old  workings. 
The  665-ft.  level  in  the  shaft  corresponds 
with  1300  ft.  below  the  summit  of  the 
outcrop  on  Alta  mountain  and  is  100  ft. 
below^  the  workings  at  the  foot  of  the 
inside  incline. 

The  foot-wall  of  the  main  lode  which 
is  of  considerable  width  throughout  the 
eld  workings  showed  quartz  and  pyrite 
with  little  or  no  copper  in  the  upper 
levels.  Considerable  chalcopyrite  is  in 
evidence  in  the  new  opening.  Two  pay 
zones  were  found  in  the  workings  and 
the  crosscut  will  be  pushed  until  the  full 
width  of  the  ledge  is  exposed. 

The  Robert  Emmett,  at  Amazon,  is 
closed;  no  reasons  are  assigned  and  the 
statement  that  trouble  with  the  power 
company  was  the  cause  cannot  be 
credited  for  the  reason  that  the  Emmett 
transformer  station  supplies  power  to 
the  Silver  Star  and  Blue  Bird  mines  of 
the  Ranft  interests,  both  of  which  are  in 
operation,  using  the  power. 

The  Bertha  shaft  of  the  Boston  & 
Corbin,  has  passed  below  the  600-leveI 
mark.  Sinking  has  been  accomplished 
without  pumps,  all  water  being  bailed. 
At  Corbin  the  newly  formed  Pennsyl- 
vania-Corbin  Company  is  cleaning  out 
the  old  shaft  and  crosscuts.  Unwaterins; 
has  been  completed,  but  the  drifts  and 
crosscuts  are  badly  caved  and  are  now 
being  reopened.  This  work  is  on  the 
Albert  Lohrer  ground  K'iOO  ft.  east  of  the 
Alta. 

The  Chicago  &  Alta  Extension  Mining 
Company  will  commence  a  raise  from 
the  tunnel  level  to  the  surface,  a  distance 
of  200  ft.,  and  equip  for  sinking  which 
will  be  commenced  as  soon  as  the  raise 
is  completed  and  the  hoisting  plant  in- 
stalled. Power  will  be  taken  from  the 
transformer  station  of  the  United 
.Missouri  River  Power  Company,  which 
is  preparing  for  distribution  in  the  camp 
on  2200-volt  circuits. 

Possibility  of  Electric  Power  for 
Marysville 

The  Missouri  River  Power  company 
is  investigating  conditions  in  the 
Marys"ille  gold  district  preparatory  to 
extending  its  lines  to  the  camp  20  miles 
northwest   of   Helena.     There   is  a  tone 


of  revival  in  the  famous  old  camp  and 
conservative  men  who  are  familiar  with 
its  history,  geology  and  prospects  predict 
that  the  future  will  see  more  gold  mined 
from  its  hills  than  has  been  in  the  past. 
James  Deering  and  Mr.  McDermott  of 
the  Butte-Balakalava  have  a  bond  on  the 
Annie  Dillon  property,  adjoining  the  Bel- 


GoLCONDA  Gulch 
In  the  Golconda  Gulch  district  another 
rich  strike  of  exceptionally  high-grade 
gold  ore  has  been  made  in  the  mine 
operated  by  Mr.  Farlow  and  his  asso- 
ciates. Several  cars  of  high-grade  ore 
have  been  shipped  from  this  property. 
The  owners  are  operating  in  a  small  way. 


Helena  and  Tenmile  Mining  Districts,  Montana 

mont     and     Bald     Mountain     mines     of  On  the  extension  of  the  belt,  Joseph  Hall 

Thomas  Cruse.    The  Strawberry  company  and  Frank  Vratil  have  made  an  important 

just    east    of    the    Drumlummon    hill    is  discovery  of  high-grade  lead  ore  carrying 

pushing  a  crosscut  tunnel  from  the  mill  gold  and  silver.    The  formation  is  granite, 

site  to  the  workings  so  that  the  ore  may  a    part    of   the    area    extending    through 

be  delivered   direct   to  the   mill   which   is  the    Corbin-Wickes   district   "n    to    Butte, 

being  erected.  The  claims  are  about  eight  miles  east  of 


AuRust  20,  1910 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


355 


Corbin  by  road  and  at  a  high  altitude. 
being  on  the  north  slope  of  the  Elkhorn 
inountain. 

TeNMILE     DtSTRICT 

L.  S.  Ropes,  Robert  Mclntire  and  W.  B. 
Potter  have  taken  bonds  on  about  600 
acres  along  the  valley  of  Tenmile  creek, 
six  miles  west  of  Helena,  for  dredging 
purposes.  This  stretch  of  the  valley  ex- 
tends from  about  the  mouth  of  Blue 
Cloud  gulch,  includes  a  half  mile  of  un- 
worked  ground  up  the  mouth  of  the 
Nelson  gulch  and  half  a  mile  above  the 
mouth  of  Colorado  gulch.  AH  these 
gulches  were  producers  of  placer  ground 
and  Tenmile  crosses  the  same  mineral 
belt  which  fed  these  gulches  as  well  as 
Last  Chance,  Oro  Finno,  Grizzly  and  Dry 
gulches,  which  produced  S50,000,000  in 
the  early  days  of  Helena.  Conditions  are 
especially  favorable  for  dredging. 


Organization  of  Colorado   Chapter 
of  American  Mining  Congress 


The  American  Mining  Congress  on 
July  13,  1910.  called  a  meeting  of  Color- 
ado mining  men  at  Denver,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  considering  a  more  thorough  or- 
ganization of  the  mining  industry  of 
Colorado.  A  committee  of  representa- 
tive men  were  appointed.  After  holding 
several  meetings  there  appeared  to  be  an 
almost  universal  demand  for  the  forma- 
tion of  a  Colorado  chapter  of  the  Amer- 
ican Mining  Congress.  The  committee 
furthermore  incorporated  as  a  part  of  its 
report,  a  preamble,  setting  forth  the  ob- 
JLCts  of  the  association  and  a  set  of  by- 
laws under  which  it  could  commence  to 
do  business. 

;  Greater  Cooperation  Urged 

j  The  committee  urged  that  the  mining 
men  of  Colorado  act  upon  the  sugges- 
tions comprised  in  the  following  para- 
graphs: 

(II  That  they  should  sustain  the 
American  Mining  Congress  in  its  efforts 
to  secure  an  adequate  administration  of 
the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

(2)  That  they  should  sec  that  all  the 
State  organizations  that  bear  upon  mining 
should  fulfil  their  functions  in  the  best 
nterests  of  the  industry. 

(3)  That  organized  efforts  be  made  to 
lave  the  State  legislature  pass  needed 
lills. 

(4)  That  in  view  of  the  unsettled  na- 
ional  policy  of  forest  reservation  and 
nineral  conservation,  they  secure,  if  pos- 

'ible.  such  governmental  regulations  as 
vill  best  serve  the  interests  of  the  State 
t  large  and  of  the  mining  industry  in 
articular. 

(5)  That  they  collect  such  commercial 
•  tatlstlcs  as  do  not  come  before  the  pur- 
'iew   of   the   State    and    Federal    officers, 

nd  that  they  invite  the  active  cooperation 
f   the    State    press, 
(fi)   That  thev  harmonize  the  relation- 


ship between  all  branches  of  the  industry 
to  the  end  that  all  itjter^sts  be  properly 
served  and  protected.        '  ' 

(7)  That  the  operations  of  the  dishon- 
est promoter  be  attacked  with  candor,  but 
conservatively  and  efficiently,  so  as  not  to 
jeopardize  the  interests  of  those  who  are 
endeavoring  to  raise  capital  for  legiti- 
mate  mining  enterprises. 

It  was  not  the  wish  of  the  committee 
to  bind  the  actions  of  the  proposed  organ- 
ization, but  simply  to  indicate  what,  in  its 
judgment,  appeared  to  be  the  more 
pressing  needs  of  the  mining  industry  in 
the  State.  The  committee  stated  that  the 
mining  industry  in  Colorado  is  by  no 
means  in  a  moribund  condition.  In  the 
San  .Juan,  Leadville,  Cripple  Creek  and  in 
the  northern  mineral  fields  there  is  a 
.rreat  deal  of  activity  and  the  mineral 
production  of  the  State  on  the  whole  is  at 
this  time  fairly  satisfactory.  However, 
we  recognize  that  the  industry  is  not 
making  the  progress  that  the  undoubted 
mineral   resources  of  the  State  warrant. 

Several  meetings  were  held  and  as  a 
final  result  the  Colorado  chapter  of  the 
American  Mining  Congress  was  organ- 
ized and  the  following  men  have  been  ap- 
pointed to  act  as  directors:  E.  A.  Col- 
burn;  W.  F.  Co.x;  E.  M.  Delavergne;  A. 
W.  Warwick;  Bulkeley  Wells;  A.  L.  Bur- 
ris;  R.  L.  Martin;  John  R.  Wood;  D.  W. 
Brunton;  John  Dalzell;  A.  G.  Brownlee; 
J.  F.  Calbreath;  Max  Boehmer;  Philip 
Argall;  J.  W.  Dean  and  A.  V.  Bohn. 


Resumption  at  the  Vidler  Tunnel, 
Colorado 

Denver    Correspondence 

After  lying  idle  for  two  years,  the 
"Vidler  bore."  which  cost  the  too  confid- 
ing members  of  the  Christian  Science 
church  in  London  .'^250,000,  has  resumed 
operations.  With  its  mill,  mine  buildings 
and  all  equipment,  it  was  bought  under 
foreclosure  sale  by  three  or  four  of  the 
largest  stockholders  in  London  for  about 
S65.000.  It  is  now  stated  that  the  tunnel 
is  to  be  completed  under  Argentine  pass, 
near  Grays  peak,  to  the  silver-lead-zinc 
mines  of  Montezuma  and  to  Leadville 
and  for  transcontinental-railway  use  to 
the   Pacific  coast. 

There  is  no  need,  however,  for  another 
railway  tunnel  to  cross  the  Continental 
Divide  at  over  11,000  ft.  elevation.  Trans- 
continental travel  requirements  on  the 
38th  and  42d  parallels  are  amply  sup- 
plied by  the  Union  Pacific  and  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  systems,  about  2('0  miles 
apart,  with  the  Denver,  Northwestern  & 
Pacific  between  the  two,  now  operating 
its  line  from  Denver  to  Steamboat  Springs 
on  the  Pacific  slope  and  headed  for  Salt 
Lake  City. 

The  Vidler  tunnel,  about  8x7  ft.,  has 
been  driven  4048  ft.  on  the  east  side  of 
the   range    and  710  ft.  on  the   west  side. 


leaving  2778  ft.  to  be  bored  to  connect. 
For  standard-gage  railway  purposes,  this 
would  have  to  be  enlarged  to  about  18x24 
ft.;  the  total  cost  at  the  lowest  esti- 
mate will  be  about  S500,000. 

Tunnel  Will  Permit  Lower  Grade 
Ores  to  Be  Marketed 

As  a  tunnel  for  the  transportation  of 
ores  only,  the  mines  of  Summit,  Upper 
Clear  Creek  and  Lake  counties,  and  es- 
pecially the  Montezuma  district,  would 
benefit  by  having  their  low-  and  medium- 
grade  ores  brought  to  market  by  a  di- 
rect route;  and  for  this  purpose  the  8x7- 
ft.  size  would  suffice.  The  English  money 
was  obtained  in  the  first  place  by  the 
continued  reports  of  veins  cut  and  the 
immense  bodies  of  ore  exposed;  but  when 
finally  examined  by  an  engineer  of 
good  standing,  the  summary  of  his  re- 
port was  that  no  ore  of  any  commercial 
value   had   been   opened. 

This  is  another  instance  where  the 
British  put  about  S250,000  into  a  scheme 
without  any  preliminary  report  on  it  by 
an  honest  and  capable  engineer,  but  sole- 
ly on  the  representations  of  the  promoter. 
The  tunnel  is  being  driven  under  the 
direction  of  Ezra  Fairchild  by  the  Argen- 
tine Construction   Company. 


I 


ron  m 


Califo: 


rnia 


The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  reports' 
iron-ore  deposits  in  California  in  San 
Luis  Obispo,  Calaveras,  Placer,  San 
Bernardino,  Shasta,  Sierra,  Madera, 
Tehama,  Nevada  and  Riverside  counties. 
In  San  Luis  Obispo  county  the  de- 
posit consists  of  a  nearly  vertical  bed  of 
limonite  about  a  mile  long  and  8  to  12 
ft  in  thickness.  The  ore  contains  about 
46  per  cent,  of  iron  and  a  large  per- 
centage of  phosphorus.  The  Calaveras 
county  deposits  of  brown  iron  ore  are 
small  and  are  situated,  1 ' :.  miles  north- 
east of  Valley  Springs,  one-half  mile 
north  of  Esmeralda,  and  a  mile  north  of 
Murphy.  All  the  deposits  are  small,  of 
low  grade  and  of  little  present  value. 

Placer  county  contains  the  Hotaling  de- 
posit, six  miles  north  of  Auburn,  which 
has  been  opened  by  trenches,  pits  and 
shafts  that  extend  along  the  outcrop  for 
150  to  200  ft.  Most  of  the  ore  is  of  low 
grade,  but  the  deposit  contains  local 
masses  of  high-grade  ore. 

The  San  Bernardino  County  veins,  near 
Dale,  arc  almost  vertical  and  crop  out 
over  an  area  about  half  a  mile  square, 
forming  a  long  hill.  The  ores,  which  are 
mostly  hematite  altered  from  magnetite, 
are  of  high  grade,  but  do  not  appear  to 
be  extensive  enough  to  make  them  at- 
tractive commercially. 

The  iron  deposits  of  Shasta  and  River- 
side counties  will  be  made  the  subject  of 
a  subsequent  report  by  the  survey. 


'nil/;    4:to  K  f  .s,  ni-ni.  Smv. 


356 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


Notes  on  the  Transvaal  Mine  Report  for  1908-09 

Ratio  of  Colored  to  White  Labor  Employed  8.9  :  1.      Mortality  5.29 
per  1000.     Average  Working  Costs  per  Ton  Reduced  to  17.1  Shillings 


B    Y 


M 


WESTON 


The  annual  report  of  the  Transvaal 
government  mining  engineer  for  1909 
presents,  as  usual,  a  comprehensive  sur- 
vey of  the  progress  of  the  mining  in- 
dustry and  gives  many  interesting  de- 
tails regarding  technical  matters,  especial- 
ly with  regard  to  accidents  and  labor  ef- 
ficiency. There  were  166  mines  in  the 
Transvaal  which  employed  21,620  whites, 
175,895  colored  and  7317  Chinese  labor- 
ers in  1909,  as  compared  with  147  mines 
employing  18,342  whites,  149,453  colored 
and  19,071  Chinese  in  1908.  Of  this 
number  there  were  98  mines  in  the  Wit- 
watersrand  fields,  employing  20,594 
whites.  164,902  colored  and  7317  Chinese 
in  1909,  as  against  90  mines  working  17,- 
501  whites,  139,055  natives  and  19,071 
Chinese  in  1908.  Of  the  whites,  1955 
were  classed  as  unskilled  laborers.  Ac- 
cording to  the  plan  outlined,  all  the 
Chinese  have  left  the  country  and  the 
problem  of  finding  labor  to  supply  the 
huge  mills  of  the  City  Deep,  Randfontein 
Central  and  other  properties  has  not  been 
solved.  Already  there  is  a  shortage,  and 
efforts  are  being  made  to  meet  it  by  in- 
creasing the  number  of  rock  drills  used 
and  by  the  employment  of  unskilled 
whites. 

Ratio  of  White  to  Colored  Labor 

There  were  2661.9  rock  drills  at  work 
in  1909,  of  which  2426  were  on  produc- 
ing mines  and  235  on  nonproducers.  In 
1908  the  total  was  2228.7  machines.  In 
the  coal  mines  of  the  Middleburg  dis- 
trict 104  coal  cutters  now  produce  46 
per  cent,  of  the  output,  or  30  per  cent, 
of  all  the  coal  mined  in  the  Transvaal. 
The  ratio  of  colored  to  white  labor  em- 
ployed in  gold  mining  remains  fairly  con- 
stant, being  8.9  to   1   in   1908-09. 

In  the  year  under  consideration  28 
coal  mines  were  operated  employing  440 
whites  and  9714  natives,  or  a  ratio  of  only 
one  white  to  22  natives.  These  mines 
produced  3,012.692  tons  of  coal  valued 
at  £994,949  at  5s.  3.33d.  per  ton  at  the 
mine.  The  small  ratio  of  white  to  colored 
labor  employed  is  due  to  absence  of  re- 
duction works,  to  the  shallow  depth  of 
workings,  and  to  the  flatness,  width  and 
character  of  the  seams  which  allow  of 
supervision  underground  being  reduced 
to  a  minimum. 

There  were  three  producing  diamond 
mines  which  employed  765  whites  and 
6390  colored  laborers.  These  produced 
1,929,491    carats,    valued    at    £1,295,296. 


•MlnltiK  englncpi-.   20   SI.    Mai-j'a  lnilUlln«s, 
Joliannesmirc,     Transvaal. 


The  value  per  carat  fell  from  29.234s.  in 
1906  to  15.324s.  in  1908.  The  Premier 
mine  was  the  only  large  producer. 

Efficiency  of  Labor  in  Gold  Mines 

The  increase  in  efficiency  of  the  labor 
employed  in  gold  mining  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  in  1908-09,  0.88  whites  and 
8.10  colored  laborers  were  required  per 
1000  tons  milled;  in  1907-08,  0.89  whites 
and  8.83  colored;  and  in  1904-05,  1.25 
whites  and  9.7  colored.  In  1908-09  each 
white  mined  1133.1  tons  per  year;  each 
native,  123.5  tons;  an  average  of  111.3 
tons  per  man  employed.  These  figures,  it 
must  be  confessed,  do  not  show  such  a 
large  increase  in  efficiency  as  might  have 
been  expected  in  view  of  the  large  re- 
duction in  the  cost  per  ton  milled  that  has 
been  made  in  many  mines.  It  must  be 
remembered,  however,  that  during  the 
last  few  years  millions  of  tons  of  cheaply 
broken  rock  which  were  left  when  costs 
were  higher,  have  been  attacked  in  the 
older  portions  of  the  mines.  These  ton- 
nages have  been  mined  from  foot-  and 
hanging-walls  of  old  slopes  at  a  small 
cost  per  ton  so  that  it  is  doubtful  if  a 
corresponding  reduction  of  mining  cost 
can  be  expected  fer  the  future  when  the 
bulk  of  ore  must  be  drawn  from  the 
hard  and  narrow  stopes  of  deeper  work- 
ings. The  average  cost  per  ton  milled 
is  now  17.1s.  per  ton,  a  reduction  of  lid. 
from  that  of  1908.  Can  this  reduction  be 
maintained  until  an  average  figure  of, 
say,  15s.  per  ton  as  mentioned  by  Ross 
Browne  has  been  reached? 

Care  of  Laborers 

The  government  mining  engineer  is 
evidently  of  the  opinion  that  much  re- 
mains to  be  done  in  increasing  the  effi- 
ciency of  colored  labor  by  paying  more 
attention  to  their  comfort  and  sanitation. 
Much  has  been  done  in  this  direction, 
but  more  yet  remains  to  be  done.  It 
does  not  appear  reasonable  to  expect  any 
human  organism  (even  if  in  its  primitive 
environment  it  has  been  accustomed  to 
take  no  food  in  the  middle  of  the  day) 
to  supply  energy  continuously  with  a 
maximum  efficiency  over  a  period  of  nine 
or  ten  hours  without  any  interval  of  rest 
and  without  any  nourishment.  In  the 
outcrop  mines  natives  are  still  required  to 
walk  up  1000  to  2000  ft.  of  inclined  shaft 
at  the  end  of  their  day's  work,  and  to 
walk,  while  heated,  through  the  cold  air 
to  their  compounds.  Apart  from  ques- 
tions of  humanity  these  practices  do  not 
pay. 


The  percentage  of  rock  sorted  out  has 
remained  about  the  same  during  the  last 
three  years  (15.48  in  1909),  but  shows  a 
decrease  of  1.5  per  cent,  as  compared 
with  1905.  The  value  of  the  gold  pro- 
duced during  the  year  was  £29,890,826 
obtained  from  19,841,047  tons.  In  July, 
1909,  there  were  9169  stamps  and  135 
tube  mills  at  work  and  the  duty  per 
stamp  in  tons  per  24  hours  had  risen  from 
4.927  tons  in  1904-05,  to  5.761  in  1907-08, 
and  6.456  in  1908-09. 

High  Wages  Paid  for  Skilled  Labor 

The  tables  published  giving  average 
rates  of  pay  for  skilled  white  labor  show 
no  appreciable  reduction  for  the  last 
last  few  years.  Shift  bosses  receive 
24.11s.  per  shift;  timbermen,  20s.;  min- 
ers working  at  stoping  on  machine  con- 
tracts, 28s.  5d. — day's  pay,  21s.;  hand 
stoping.  contract,  25s. — day's  pay,  18s. 
lOd.;  contract  development  machines,  32s. 
7d. — day's  pay,  22s.  3d.;  shaft  sinking, 
contract,  46s.  lid! — day's  pay,  20s.  8d.; 
engine  drivers,  19s.  9d.  During  the  year 
there  was  said  to  have  been  a  shortage  of 
skilled  and  educated  men  for  positions  as 
mine  surveyors  and  samplers. 

Mortality  Extremely  High  among 
Rand  Miners 

The  rise  in  the  accident  and  death  rates 
is  perhaps  the  most  unsatisfactory  feature 
in  Rand  mining.  The  accident  rate  per 
1000  for  1908-09  was  9.45  as  against 
8.54  for  1907-08.  The  death  rate  per 
1000  employed  was:  For  whites,  surface 
and  underground,  3.98 —  surface,  0.98— 
underground,  8.13;  for  colored  laborers, 
5.43 —  1.63—  6.86;  for  Chinese,  5.66— 
3.38 —  6.24;  average,  surface  and  under- 
ground 5.29 —  surface,  1.56 —  under- 
ground, 6.91.  The  annual  death  rate  rose 
from  4.18  in  1907-08  to  5.29  in  1908-09. 
This  included  the  exceptional  flooding  dis- 
aster at  the  Witwatersrand  mine  and  ex- 
cluding this  the  rate  still  showed  an 
increase  to  4.53.  It  is  ominous  also  th.it 
the  deep  mines  generally  speaking  showed 
the  highest  death  rate  and  that  the  bulk 
of  accidents  occurred  in  developing  mines, 
shaft  sinking  being  particularly  danger- 
ous. 

Accidents  were  due  mainly  to  explo- 
sives, falls  of  ground  and  of  materials: 
Explosives,  24.3  per  cent,  of  total;  caving 
ground.  16.9;  falls  of  material,  12.06.  The 
government  and  its  inspectors  are  fully 
alive  to  the  seriousness  of  these  figures 
and  state  that  25  per  cent,  arc  due  li- 
rectly  to  carelessness  and  ignorance,  and 


August  20,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


357 


complain  also  of  a  lack  of  good  super- 
vision that  makes  many  avoidable  acci- 
dents possible. 

Unusual  Accidents 
Accidents  due  to  explosives  were  not 
due  to  bad  quality  either  of  explosives  or 
fuse  as  these  are  perhaps  of  as  high 
average  quality  as  are  those  used  any- 
where in  the  world.  Of  the  many  ex- 
traordinary accidents  reported  the  most 
ghastly  was  that  of  a  man  accidentally 
confined  and  ground  to  a  pulp  in  a  tube 
mill.  Many  accidents  are  said  to  have 
been  due  to  the  great  stresses  put  on 
old  hoists  by  overloading  them  in  order 
to  hoist  sufficient  rock  for  reduction 
plants  of  increased  capacities. 

Explosions  in  compressors  still  continued 
to  be  a  source  of  danger  and  mystery. 
Four  occurred  during  the  year,  two  in  the 
low-pressure  and  two  in  high-pressure 
cylinders.  They  are  believed  to  have  bee.n 
due  to  the  explosive  mixture  of  air  and 
gases  from  the  deposit  from  lubricating 
oils.  The  oils  used  are  of  good  quality, 
having  a  flash  point  of  600  deg.  F.  and 
ignition  much  higher.  The  inspector 
states  that  explosions  were  probably  due 
fo  temporary  failures  in  the  jacket  wa- 
ter supply.  The  deposits  formed  by  lu- 
bricant can  be  ignited  by  a  match.  In 
one  case  mixing  this  deposit  with  oil  low- 
ered the  flash  point  of  the  oil.  It  ap- 
parently caused  some  decomposition  of 
the  oil  into  carbon  and  combustible  gas. 
Thirty  per  cent,  of  the  deposit  was  min- 
eral ash,  consisting  of  iron  oxide,  copper, 
zinc,  potash  and  soda  due  perhaps  to  ac- 
tion of  soft  soap  on  brass. 

New  Regulations  for  Prevention  of 

Accidents 
To  avoid  these  strange  accidents  regu- 
lations have  been  formulated  ordering  ex- 
amination and  removal  of  deposits  from 
cylinders  once  each  month  and  the  fitting 
of  a  pyrometer  and  thermometer,  with 
red  marks  indicating  dr.nger  points,  on 
every  high-pressure  outlet;  and  making 
engine  drivers  responsible  for  any  undue 
rise  of  temperature.  Efforts  have  been 
made  to  prevent  miner's  phthisis  by  or- 
dering that  water  pipes  be  laid  to  workin;; 
faces;  but  it  is  stated  that  the  trouble  is 
that  men  refuse  to  use  the  water  thus 
provided.  This  has  always  been  the  ex- 
perience here. 

Change  houses  for  white  miners  have 
been  improved  and  placed  in  charge  of 
white  supervisors.  The  new  change  house 
on  the  City   Deep  is  10' .-kIT  :■    ft.  and 

'  contains  22  basins  and  seven  showers. 
Miners'  clothes  are  hoisted  into  the  roof  on 
locked  chains  thus  preventing  theft,  giv- 

!  Ing  more  room  for  the  men  and  at  the 
same  time  drying  the  clothes  in  the  hot- 
test part  of  room  which  is  heated  by  hot 

I  water. 

New  Devices  and  Ideas 
The  underground   electric,  drill-heating 
f'T-'.ace  tried  at  the  Village  Deep  has  not 


proved  a  success;  but  furnaces  using  oil 
sprays  are  used  in  several  mines  without 
the  production  of  excessive  amounts  of 
CO  and  without  inconvenience,  when 
placed  in  chambers  at  least  16  ft.  high 
and  near  upcast  shafts. 

The  monorail  system  of  tramming  in- 
troduced by  the  late  W.  Bradford  has  not 
found  favor,  numerous  laborers  having 
lost  their  fingers  by  placing  them  on  the 
rail.  Longitudinal  concrete  sleepers  are 
coming  into  favor  for  incline  shafts  be- 
ing cheaper  and  more  durable,  as  well  as 
pioviding  a  better  bed  than  wooden  sills. 
Technical  education  for  miners,  in  the 
form  of  lectures  given  along  the  reef  by 
the  Transvaal  University  College  has  been 
generally  favored,  the  feeling  being  that 
only  by  raising  the  intelligence  of  white 
supervisors  will  the  accident  rate  be  les- 
sened and  efficiency  increased. 


Determination  of  Arsenic 


By  L.  L.  Krickhaus* 


The  following  method  which  depends 
upon  the  reaction  of  arsenic  acid  and  po- 
tassium iodide  is  not  new  but  possibly  the 
use  of  the  zinc-oxide  mixture  with  this 
method  is.  Only  one  filtration  is  neces- 
sary for  the  determination  and  no  exact 
neutralization  as  in  the  Pierce  method  is 
required. 

The  method  consists  in  taking  ;4  to 
one  gram  of  the  material  to  be  analyzed 
with  three  or  four  grams  of  a  mixture  of 
four  parts  zinc  oxide  and  one  part  nor- 
mal sodium  carbonate  and  mixing  in  a 
porcelain  capsule.  Mix  well  and  cover 
with  'i-in.  additional  zinc  mixture.  Heat 
in  the  muffle  15  or  20  min.  at  a  greater 
heat  than  that  in  which  cupellations  are 
usually  made.  Cool,  and  stir  the  mix- 
ture with  a  spatula,  crushing  any  large 
lumps  that  have  formed'.  Dump  the  con- 
tents of  the  capsule  into  a  beaker  and  add 
50  c.c.  hot  water  and  bring  nearly  to 
boiling  to  dissolve  the  sodium  arsenate. 
Filter,  washing  with  hot  water,  by  decan- 
tation  as  much  as  possible.  Boil  the  fil- 
trate, which  usually  is  not  more  than  150 
c.c,  down  to  50  c.c.  Then  add  50  c.c. 
strong  hydrochloric  acid,  washing  down 
the  sides  of  the  beaker  with  the  acid. 
No  Indicator  Required 

When  cool  add  10  c.c.  of  a  20  per  cent, 
potassium-iodide  solution,  stir  and  allow 
a  minute  for  the  reaction  to  become  com- 
plete. Crystals  of  potassium  iodide,  if 
used,  do  not  dissolve  in  the  strong  hydro- 
chloric acid.  Then  add  about  100  c.c. 
cold  water  which  dissolves  the  chlorides 
formed,  and  titrate  with  sodium  hyposul- 
phite using  a  white  surface  beneath  the 
beaker.  No  indicator  is  necessary  as  the 
fading  of  the  yellow  iodine  color  is  very 
clear  and  the  end  point  easily  determined. 


The  solution  is  standardized  with  cop- 
per as  in  a  copper  determination.  (0.59 
times  the  copper  value  gives  the  arsenic 
value.)  The  boiling  down  of  the  solution 
after  filtering  off  the  zinc  and  other  ox- 
ides is  necessary  as  the  reaction  between 
arsenic  and  potassium  iodide  is  not  com- 
plete except  is  strongly  acid  solutions. 

No  arsenic  is  lost  by  volatilization  on 
boiling  down  the  alkaline  solution.  While 
heating  in  the  muffle  the  cover  should  be 
left  off  the  crucible  as  oxygen  is  ap- 
parently the  oxidizing  agent.  With  the 
Pierce  method,  the  arsenic  during  fusion 
is  oxidized  by  niter.  This  niter  if  un- 
decomposed  would  react  with  potassium 
iodide  were  the  fusion  method  applied 
along  with  the  hyposulphite  titration. 
With  the  zinc-oxide  sintering  method  the 
mixture  must  be  well  heated.  There  seems 
to  be  no  danger  of  loss  of  arsenic  by 
over-heating,  whereas  insufficient  heating 
gives  low  results.  Antimony  remains 
with  the  zinc  and  does  not  interfere. 

Elements  Which  Interfere 

Some  of  the  rarer  elements,  as  chro- 
mium and  phosphorus,  would  probably 
interfere  but  these  also  interfere  with  the 
Pierce  method  by  carrying  down  silver  in 
neutral  solutions.  When  manganese  is 
present  it  colors  the  solution  green,  which 
changes  to  pink  by  the  formation  of  per- 
manganate. Should  this  element  be  pres- 
ent add  5  c.c.  alcohol  or  hydrogen  perox- 
ide and  warm  again  before  filtering  off 
the  mixed  oxides.  This  precipitates  all 
manganase  and  the  subsequent  boiling 
down  to  50  c.c.  removes  the  excess  of 
precipitant. 


The  Wile  Electric  Furnace 


The  Riverside  Metal  Company  is  in- 
stalling two  electric  furnaces  of  a  type 
patented  by  Raymond  S.  Wile,  of  Pitts- 
burg. They  are  of  the  shaft  type,  with 
one  carbon  through  the  bottom,  this  be- 
ing the  permanent  carbon,  the  other  one 
through  the  top  being  movable.  The  slag 
used  is  on  the  bottom,  with  the  top  car- 
bon immersed  in  it  to  the  depth  of  three 
or  four  inches.  The  heavier  metal  falls 
to  the  bottom,  while  the  dross  stays  on 
the  top  of  the  slag.  The  furnaces  are 
used  for  smelting  tin  and  terne  drosses 
and  are  20  in.  in  diameter,  taking  care 
of  about  two  tons  of  dross  per  day.  They 
can  be  used  individually,  in  series,  or  in 
a  voltage  and  current  range  of  wide  di- 
mensions, both  on  account  of  the  trans- 
formers used  and  the  furnaces  them- 
selves. The  plant  is  at  Connellsville, 
Penn.;  the  current  is  obtained  from  the 
power  plant  of  the  West  Penn  Electric 
Railways  Company. 


•riiomlst.  Ppnnsylvnnln  SmpllliiK  Cnmpiiny, 
rarneitlo.    IVnn. 

"•Ti'clinlrnl  Metlinda  of  Oro  Annlvsls." 
ions,    A.    !•.    Low. 


The  Marquette  iron  range  in  Michigan 
has  sent  out  92,000,000  tons  of  ore  since 
1856,  yet  the  tonnage  in  sight  is  greater 
now  than  s*  any  time  in  its  history. 


358 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


Slime  Treatment  at  the  Santa  Natalia  Mill  f 


BY  COOPER  SHAPELEY 


The  crushing  department  of  the  Santa 
Natalia  mill,  Guanajuato,  Mex.,  consists 
of  the  usual  equipment  of  Blake  crusher, 
10  stamps,  tube  mill  and  cone  classi- 
fiers. The  stamps  are  of  1050-lb.  weight, 
crushing  through  a  10-mesh  screen  and 
using  a  rather  strong  solution  in  the 
battery  (0.08  per  cent.  NaCNI.  Lime 
is  used  unslaked  and  is  mixed  with  the 
ore  in  the  ore  bin  before  going  to  the 
battery.  All  solution  is  kept  as  nearly 
as  possible  between  two  and  three  pounds 
of   lime   per   ton   of   solution. 

After  the  pulp  leaves  the  battery,  it 
passes  directly  to  a  4'_-ft.  60-deg.  cone 
which  is  set  directly  over  the  feed  of  the 
tube  mill.  In  this  cone  the  pulp  is 
thickened  by  means  of  the  Caldecott 
diaphragm  to  a  40  to  45  per  cent,  mois- 
ture content,  which  is  the  feed  to  the 
tube  mill. 

The  tube  mill  is  of  the  Gates  trunnion 
type,  20  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in.,  and  is  lined 
with  a  special  liner  designed  for  the 
use  of  mine  rock  instead  of  flint  pebbles. 
The  discharge  from  the  tube  mill  is  re- 
turned to  the  above-mentioned  cone  and 
is  again  classified.  The  overflow  from 
this  cone  is  so  regulated  as  to  allow  a 
certain  amount  of  fine  sand  to  go  to  the 
cyanide  plant,  although  everything  is 
treated  as  pure  slime.  The  product  to 
the  cyanide  plant  is  regulated  so  that 
about  80  per  cent,  of  the  pulp  will  pass 
a  200-mesh  screen. 

Slime-treatment  Tanks 

There  are  four  slime-treatment  tanks 
designed  to  hold  30  to  35  tons  of  dry 
slime.  These  are  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying sketch.  The  operation  of  these 
tanks  is  similar  to  that  described  by 
A.  F.  Crosse'  which  appeared  in  the 
scientific  papers  a  short  time  ago.  The 
tanks  as  used  at  this  mill  are  20  ft.  in 
diameter,  with  6-ft.  vertical  sides  and  a 
cone  bottom  of  80  deg.  At  the  apex  of 
the  cone  bottom  is  placed  a  regular  10- 
in.  cross,  flanged  on  all  four  faces.  The 
bottom  side  of  the  cross  is  plugged  and 
the  top  side  is  bolted  to  the  apex  of  the 
cone.  One  of  the  remaining  faces  is 
bushed  down  and  a  6-in.  plug  valve  in- 
serted to  discharge  the  tailings.  To  the 
remaining  side  of  the  cross  is  bolted  a 
10-in.  wrought-iron  pipe  B,  running  out 
horizontally  far  enough  to  allow  the 
standpipe  Bi  to  clear  the  side  of  the  tank. 
The  standpipe  B,  is  connected  by  a  6-ft. 
length  so  as  to  discharge  near  the  center 
of  the  tank.  At  the  bottom  of  the  stand- 
pipe,  air   is  admitted   under  about    10-lb. 


pressure,  causing  the  standpipe  B,  to  act 
as  an  air  lift,  taking  the  pulp  away  from 
the  apex  of  the  cone  and  throwing  it 
into  the  top  of  the  tank. 

Agitation  and  Settling  in  One  Tank 

The  discharge  from  the  10-in.  pipes 
empties  into  a  sheet-iron  ring  6  ft.  in 
diameter  and  8  ft.  deep.  This  ring  is 
held  steady  in  its  place  by  No.  8  iron- 
wire  lacing,  made  fast  to  the  top  angle 
iron  of  the  large  tank.     The  top  of  the 


at  any  level  as  in  the  ordinary  decanting 
devices,  but  while  the  agiation  is  going 
on  it  is  held  at  the  top  level  and  lowered 
only  after  the  actual  treatment  of  the 
pulp  is  finished.  This  is  done  to  re- 
cover as  much  solution  as  possible  from 
the  top  of  the  pulp  before  discharging 
the  tank  through  the  cock  E. 

Perfect  Aeration   of   Pulp 

A   >i-in.  iron  screen  is  placed  in  the 
top  of  the  ring  to  break  up  the  pulp  as 


Bnffinaorittjj  Jt  Mining  ,Jt}uruni 


■  uuikT  10  lb.  pressure 
Air  P'lpe 

Arrangement  of  Santa  Natalia  Slime  Tank 


'Eng.  and  Min.  .Toijrn.,  Kel.  'Jti.   lum. 


ring  and  the  top  of  the  20-ft.  tank  are  on 
the  same  level. 

The  object  of  this  ring  is  to  keep  the 
agitation  of  the  pulp  within  the  ring  itself, 
and  to  allow  the  contents  of  the  tank 
outside  the  ring  to  be  kept  quiet  and  free 
from  agitation,  thus  allowing  perfect  set- 
tlement of  all  slime  outside  the  ring.  In 
other  words,  we  have  a  clear,  settled  solu- 
tion outside,  and  an  agitated  pulp  in- 
side the  ring. 

A  decanting  tube  is  placed  in  the  20- 
ft.  tank  with  its  intake  0  in.  below  the 
level  of  the  rim  of  the  main  tank.  This 
tube  can  be  lowered  in  ordef  to  decant 


much  as  possible  as  it  is  discharged 
irom  the  10-in.  agitation  pipe.  If  this 
screen  is  not  used  large  quantities  of  air 
are  carried  below  the  lower  rim  of  the 
ring  and  rise  through  the  settled  portion 
of  the  tank,  keeping  't  slightly  agitated 
and  unfit  to  pass  over  the  zinc  boxes 
without  much  filtering.  By  using  this 
screen,  only  microscopic  air  bubbles  are 
seen  to  rise  through  the  clear  solution, 
and  these  are  of  such  size  that  they  do 
not  disturb  the  clearness  of  the  solution 
whatever.  These  minute  bubbles  show 
that  the  pulp  is  perfectly  aerated. 
In  operating,  the  tank  is  first  filled  with 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


359 


clear  barren  soUition  to  the  level  of  the 
intake  of  the  decanting  pipe.  A  six-to- 
one  pulp,  which,  of  course,  has  not  been 
previously  dewatered.  is  fed  into  the  in- 
side of  the  ring  directly  from  the  crush- 
ing department.  At  the  same  time  a 
small  amount  of  air  is  allowed  to  enter 
at  the  foot  of  the  10-in.  pipe  B,.  causing 
the  air  lift  to  work.  The  excess  solu- 
tion carried  by  the  entering  pulp  is  de- 
canted off  through  the  decanting  tube  and 
runs  to  a  special  "settling  filter"  and  then 
to  the  zinc  boxes.  From  the  zinc  boxes, 
it  runs  to  a  solution-storage  tank  until 
required  later. 

Time  of  Operation 
The  filling  of  the  tank  with  slime  to 
the  desired  capacity  requires  24  hours. 
By  the  time  the  tank  is  filled,  the  first 
particle  of  slime  that  entered  has  had 
24  hours'  treatment,  and  50  per  cent. 
of  the  contents  of  the  tank  has  had  12 
hours'  treatment. 

After  the  first  24  hours  required  to  fill 
the  tank,  the  pulp  stream  from  the  crush- 
ing department  is  transferred  to  the  suc- 
ceeding tank,  and  barren  solution  is  added 
to  tank  No.  1  at  the  rate  of  7  tons  per 
hour.  This  solution  is,  of  course,  fed  into 
Ihe  inside  of  the  ring  and  is  mixed  with 
the  pulp,  displacing  the  enriched  solu- 
tion which  overflows  into  the  decanting 
lube. 

Barren  solution  is  continually  added 
for  24  hours,  after  which  a  water  wash 
is  applied  in  the  same  manner  for  the 
following  24  hours,  the  quantity  of  water 
wash  being  usually  about  fiO  tons  in  all. 
After  the  water  wash  has  been  completed, 
the  air  is  shut  off  and  the  tank  contents 
allowed  to  settle  for  20  hours  and  as 
much  of  the  remaining  solution  recovered 
as  possible  by  lowering  the  decanting 
tube  to  within  an  inch  or  two  of  the  top 
of  the  settled  slime.  The  cock  E  is  then 
opened  and  the  contents  of  the  tank  dis- 
charged, after  which  it  is  again  filled  with 
barren  solution  and  the  cycle  of  opera- 
tions repeated. 

Extraction  Could  Bn  Increased  By 

Concentrating 

The  labor  on  the  plant  consists  of  one 
battery  man,  one  battery  helper  and  one 
tank  man.  At  night  there  is  a  Mexican 
foreman  besides  the  rbove.  The  mill 
superintendent  looks  after  the  plant  in 
general  both  night  and  day.  On  clean- 
up days,  two  extra  peons  are  used. 

By  this  system  of  treatment,  we  re- 
cover  between  88   and   90   per  cent,    in 

'bullion.  We  could,  without  doubt,  re- 
cover fully  95  per  cent,  if  we  were  to 
concentrate,   but   this   would    necessitate 

■finer  crushing  by  the  stamps  and  there- 
fore a  reduced  tonnage.  We  would  also 
have  the  expense  of  marketing  the  con- 

l:entrates  as  well  as  producing  them.     Of 

t:ourse,  this  does  not  hold  good  for  all 
>res,  and  concentraters  must  be  used  in 
jome  districts. 


illas  Mine,  CI 
JusH  T.  SilL* 


The  Calabacillas  lyiine.  Chihuahua 
By  Rl 


On  the  west  coast  of  Mexico  there  are 
a  number  of  producing  mines,  in  isolated 
districts,  about  which  little  or  nothing  is 
known  outside  of  the  community  in  whicl. 
they  operate.  Among  these  is  the  Cala- 
bacillas, a  new  mine,  which  is  in  the  little 
town  of  Calabacillas,  Chihuahua,  in  the 
main  range  of  the  Sierra  Madre  moun- 
tains, at  an  elevation  of  about  4200  ft. 
It  is  about  75  miles  southeast  of  El 
Fuerte.  Sinaloa,  the  nearest  station  and 
supply  point  on  the  Kansas  City,  Mexico 
&  Orient  Railroad,  and  about  the  same 
distance  from  Banioa  the  neaicsi  point 
on  the  Southern  Pacific. 

Geological  Features 
The  high  Sierras  consist   of    andesites, 
rhyolites  and  porphyries,  which  break  off 


T'fr  Eftytnefii'/  ^  Mining  Journal 

Rhyolite  Outcrop  at  Calabacillas 

Mine 

in  a  series  of  sheer  barrancas  and  cliffs 
into  the  lower  ranges  below.  This  move- 
ment has  produced  a  profound  Assuring 
parallel  to  the  main  range.  The  later  in- 
trusions of  rhyolites  and  porphyries  have 
made  this  horizon  one  of  the  most  pro- 
ductive on  the  west  coast.  The  vicinity  of 
the  Calabacillas  and  San  Jose  De  Gracia 
mines,  both  north  and  south  along  the 
range,  is  most  favorable  for  prospecting. 
The  gold  ort  at  the  Calabacillas  occurs 
on  the  contact  between  an  andesite  and  a 
rhyolite  in  the  fractured  zone  of  the 
rhyolite.  Fresh  unaltered  fragments  of 
the  rhyolite  can  be  seen  in  the  ore  pre- 
senting a  spotted  red  and  white  appear- 
ance with  the  iron  oxide  with  which  the 
gold  is  associated.  The  fracturing  was 
caused  by  the  rhyolite  breaking  up 
through  the  andesite  or  country  rock.  The 
crebodies  lie  along  the  main  contact  and 
the  contact  formed  by  a  later  andesite  in- 
trusion in  the  rhoylite.  These  orebodies 
have  a  north  and  south  strike  and  a  dip 
of  52  deg.  to  the  east. 

The  rhyolite  shows  on  the  surface  as  in 
iron-stained  dike  about  250  ft.  wide  which 


extends  for  several  miles  along  the  range. 
The  underground  development  proves  the 
outcropping  of  this  dike  to  be  the  apex  of 
a  dome-shaped  mass  and  where  en- 
countered in  the  mine  is  quite  soft  and 
decomposed.  The  andesite  is  the  dark- 
green  variety  and  forms  the  hanging-wall 
of  the  orebodies. 

Tiic  ore  occurs  in  lenticular  bodies 
'.'^'•\irg  from  5  to  50  ft.  in  width  and 
fro.  10  to  110  ft.  in  length.  The  ore- 
bodie.  tiie  lenticular,  both  horizontally 
and  vertically.  The  ore  is  free  milling 
and  ''ifies  S15  gold  per  ton  with  prac- 
tica'!,  no  silver. 

i>'3VElopment  Work  at  the  Mine 

The  mine  is  opened  by  one  two-com- 
paument  incline  shaft  to  a  depth  of  800 
ft.,  tthich  has  developed  the  orebodies  to 
a  vertical  depth  of  500  ft.  Ten  levels 
have  opened  the  orebodies  1300  ft.  along 
the  strike.  Over  12,000  ft.  of  develop- 
ment work  has  been  done  in  drifts,  raises 
and  slopes.  Plans  have  been  drawn  and 
surveys  made  for  a  tunnel  that  will  cut 
the  orebodies  at  a  vertical  depth  of  1000 
ft.  Pans  have  also  been  drawn  for  a 
new  100-ton  mill  to  be  erected  at  the 
portal  of  the  tunnel. 

Milling  Operations 

The  ore  is  hoisted  in  a  three-ton  skip 
to  storage  bins  at  the  surface  and  hand 
trammed  one-quarter  of  a  mile  to  the 
top  of  an  incline,  from  whence  it  is 
lowered  to  the  crusher  floor.  From  the 
crushers  the  ore  passes  to  20  stamps  ( 10 
weighing  850  lb.  and  10  weighing  800  lb. 
each!  and  crushed  to  24  mesh.  A  saving 
of  75  per  cent,  is  made  on  the  plates. 
The  ore  is  reground  in  a  Bryan  mill  and 
cyanided.  The  extraction  is  brought  up 
to  95  per  cent.  The  cyanide  plant  is  50- 
ton  capacity.  Tests  have  been  made 
showing  that  by  crushing  to  35  mesh  an 
85  per  cent,  saving  can  be  made  on  the 
plates.  The  mine  produces  1200  tons  of 
ore  per  month.  There  is  plenty  of  wa- 
ter and  an  abundance  of  pine  and  hard- 
wood timber  on  the  surrounding  moun- 
tains for  mining  and  fuel  purposes. 


Mining  Songs  and  Ballads 


•Mlntug  eiife'lDoiT,  Suit  Lak*-  City,  I'tah. 


Under  appointment  from  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, Prof.  John  A.  Lomax  is  trying 
to  make  a  collection  of  typical  folk-songs 
and  ballads  of  the  United  States,  Many 
of  these  are  current,  chiefly  handed  down 
by  word  of  mouth,  rarely  written  down 
and  more  seldom  printed.  They  arc  of- 
ten crude  in  form,  but  arc  a  reflection  of 
the  life  of  the  people. 

Undoubtedly  this  will  form  an  interest- 
ing collection.  If  any  of  our  readers 
have  knowledge  of  any  miners'  songs  or 
ballads  relating  to  mining,  they  can  as- 
sist in  the  collection  by  sending  copies 
to  John  A.  Lomax,  assistant  professor  of 
English,  Harvard  University,  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts. 


5U0 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Newfoundland 

Many  Promising  Copper  Prospects.      Liberal  Policy  of  the  Government. 
Hematite  and  Pyrite  Deposits  Being  Worked.     Abundant  Timber  Supply 


B  Y 


B  R  E  N  T  O  N 


S  Y  M  O  N  S* 


The  French  treaty  of  1904  opened  the 
whole  of  the  northern  peninsula  of  New- 
foundland to  prospectors  and  miners. 
With  free  scope  for  mining  operations, 
and  encouraged  by  a  Government  deter- 
mined to  open  up  the  resources  of  the 
country,  the  northern  mining  fields  are 
attracting  attention  and  development  work 
on  copper  deposits  is  being  energetically 
prosecuted  The  inhabitants  of  New- 
foundland, both  fisherfolk  and  merchants, 
possess  little  propensity  to  embark  in  the 
industry  of  mining,  nor  can  a  fishing 
population  of  230,000  be  expected  to  fur- 
nish capital  for  the  development  of  the 
mineral  wealth.  Villages  and  hamlets  are 
built  along  the  shores,  and  outside  the 
belt  of  three  miles  from  the  coast  line,  on 
which  fishermen  are  permitted  to  cut  tim- 
ber and  build  houses,  the  interior  is  a 
perfect  terra  incognita  of  a  promising  de- 
scription for  the  mining  prospector 

Rocks  identical  with  those  which  in- 
close the  deposits  on  the  coast  have  been 
shown  by  Professor  Howley,  the  Govern- 
ment geologist,  to  extend  across  the  in- 
terior of  the  island.  The  east  coast  has 
an  irregular  contour,  and  the  mainland, 
for  many  miles,  is  completely  hidden  be- 
hind hundreds  of  Islands  and  islets;  the 
coast  is  usually  bold  and  rugged,  relieved 
by  spruce  and  pine  forests.  The  west 
coast,  facing  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is 
not  so  irregular  and  the  slopes  toward  the 
sea  are  most  favorable  for  agriculture. 
The  south  coast  has  many  bays  and  in- 
lets and  like  most  of  the  Newfoundland 
shore  abounds  in  good  deep-water  har- 
bors. The  dependence  of  the  physical 
features  of  the  island  on  its  geological 
structure  is  manifested  in  the  most  strik- 
ing manner,  since  the  bays  and  inlets, 
seme  of  which  run  into  the  land  for  70 
miles,  have  been  eroded  along  the  lines 
of  the  stratified  formations.  The  mountain 
ranges  are  found  to  follow,  generally,  the 
anticlines  of  the  folding. 

General  Geology 

As  the  Permian  of  the  Paleozoic,  and 
the  whole  of  the  subsequent  formations 
are  absent,  the  geology  of  Newfoundland 
is  comparatively  simple.  The  sequence  of 
rocks  ranges  from  the  Laurentian  to  the 
Carboniferous,  Devonian  strata  occurring 
only  in  small  patches  at  Couche  and  Sops 
Arm.  If  we  disregard  the  small  belt  of 
the  Carboniferous  group,  Archfean  and 
Cambro-Silurian  rocks  occupy  the  whole 
country.      The    forces    which    folded    the 

•Mlnlns  engineer,  South  Norwood,  S.  E., 
London.   Kng. 


eastern  borders  of  the  North  American 
continent  and  produced  the  Appalachian 
mountain  svstem,  extended  with  dimin- 
ished strength  to  Newfoundland,  where 
the  folding  pursues  the  same  northeaster- 
ly direction,  to  which  conform  the  topo- 
graphical features  of  the  island.  This  fold- 
ing of  the  Archsan  and  Paleozoic  forma- 
tions has  brought  to  the  surface  the  metal- 
liferous groups  of  strata,  so  that  the  out- 
crops of  metallic  ores  are  numerous.  The 
deposits  are  generally  vertical,  though  in 
the  synclinals  they  are  less  sharply  in- 
clined. 

The  succession  of  the  principal  strati- 
graphic  formations,  in  descending  order, 
may  be  tabled  as  follows: 

Carboniferous "1 

Devon  iao  j 

Silurian •  Paleozoic. 

Cambrian   | 

PrH.Canihrian J 

Hironian )  ArcliJEan. 

Laureutian )  jiii-ii«c<iu. 

Throughout  the  island  these  formations 
are  everywhere  upheaved,  frequently  dis- 
torted and  crumpled  by  granitic  intrusions 
and  intersected  by  trap  and  other  dikes 
of  igneous  origin.  The  most  productive 
deposits,  if  we  except  iron  ores,  are  gen- 
erally in  the  neighborhood  of  eruptive 
rocks. 

Carboniferous  Rocks 

The  groups  of  strata  composing  this 
formation  are,  as  far  as  known,  the 
youngest  seen  -in  the  colony.  They  do 
not  occupy  a  large  area  on  account  of  the 
folding  and  denudation  which  has  caused 
the  disappearance  of  a  large  proportion 
of  the  coal  measures,  which  probably 
covered  the  island  at  one  time,  leaving 
only  a  belt  a  few  miles  wide,  extending 
from  the  head  rf  White  bay  to  Grand 
lake,  and  from  St.  Georges  bay  to  Port 
aux  Basques.  The  Carboniferous  may 
spread  over  2000  sq.m.,  but  the  area  of 
the  coal  measures  is  not  nearly  so  ex- 
tensive. 

Boring  operations  under  the  direction 
of  the  Government  geologist  ^re  in  ac- 
tive progress  at  the  northern  extremity  of 
Grand  lake,  and  at  Robinson's  river.  Pro- 
fessor Hawley  has  always  been  confident 
that  coal  will  be  found  in  commercial 
quantities  and  the  bore  holes  confirm  this 
opinion.  The  seams  of  coal  are  numer- 
ous and  vary  in  thickness  from  1  to  9 
ft.  It  is  believed  that  these  coal  meas- 
ures are  synchrono'4S  with  those  of  Nova 
Scotia.  The  existence  of  workable  seams 
of  coal  would  be  of  immense  benefit  to 
Newfoundland  and  the  Government  is  do- 


ing its  utmost  to  prove  the  value  of  these 
coalfields. 

Devonian   and   Silurian   Formations 

The  Devonian  formation  is  but  slightly 
represented,  two  small  patches  only  being 
known  in  White  bay.  At  Couche  the 
sands  and  slates  enclose  oil  shales. 

These  rocks  cover  the  northern  por- 
tion of  the  Long  range  peninsula  in  the 
neighborhood  of  St.  Anthony,  and  follow 
the  eastern  slope  of  these  mountains  to 
Canada  bay  with  patches  along  both  sides 
of  White  bay;  they  also  occupy  a  broad 
belt  facing  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  be- 
tween the  Long  Range  mountains  and 
the  shore  as  far  as  St.  George's  bay, 
thus  extending  from  Cape  Bauld  nearly 
300  miles  southward.  Another  large  dis- 
trict of  the  Silurian  occupies  the  whole 
of  Notre  Dame  bay,  extending  inland 
and  south  of  Bishop's  falls,  where  it  bi- 
furcates and  continues  on  the  east  and 
west  flanks  of  a  wide  area  of  Archsan 
rocks.  The  eastern  branch  stretches 
nearly  to  Bay  d'Espoir  on  the  south 
coast.  In  this  area,  at  Mount  Cormack, 
are  extensive  deposits  of  chrome-iron 
ore.  The  western  branch  of  the  Silurian 
continues  to  Red  Indian  lake,  terminat- 
ing at  the  southern  end  of  Victoria  lake. 

The  .\nglo-Newfoundland  Development 
Company  is  vigorously  prospecting  the 
country  west  of  Millertown  and  has 
opened  several  pits  and  shafts  on  the 
hack  of  a  lode  containing  mixed  ores  of 
lead,  zinc  and  copper  in  the  Lower  Si- 
lurian strata.  There  are  a  number  of 
good  deposits  near  Notre  Dame  bay  and 
the  Quebec  rocks  of  the  interior  doubt- 
less contain  copper  ore.  For  half  a 
century  copper  mining  has  been  centered 
in  the  western  part  of  Notre  Dame  bay. 
The  principal  mines  are  at  Tilt  cove, 
Bett's  cove.  Little  bay  and  the  sulphur 
mine  of  Pilley's  island.  On  the  nortli 
side  of  .lohn  promontory  is  the  old  Baie 
Verte  mine.  All  the  above  mines  are 
well  provided  with  dwellings,  offices,  ma- 
chinery, tramways  and  loading  wharves. 

Tilt  Cove  Mines 

The  mines  at  the  port  of  Tilt  Cove 
have  been,  and  still  are  the  most  suc- 
cessful .in  the  island,  having  paid  large 
dividends.  The  mines  are  situated  seven 
miles  west  of  Cape  John  on  the  north- 
ern shore  of  Notre  Dame  bay.  The  cop- 
per ores  are  associated  with  a  ferrugin- 
ous slate,  which  includes  interrupted 
beds  of  comoact  crystalline  rock.  The 
portion  yielding  copper  ores  has  a  width 


August  20,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


361 


of  260  ft.,  and  strikes  northeast  with  a 
steep  northwest  dip.  It  reposes  on  ser- 
pentinous  strata  in  which  are  masses  of 
steatite.  The  hanging  wall  is  dioritic. 
This  is  followed,  on  the  northwest,  by 
thick  masses  of  serpentine.  The  iron  and 
copper  pyrites  occur  in  lenses  and  pock- 
ets, beneath  gossan  outcrops.  The  lenses 
are  subordinate  to  the  stratification  and 
quartz  is  absent,  except  where  fissuring 
has  <aken  place,  when  the  vein  may  be- 
come filled  with  quartz  and  some  ore. 
Quartz  is  a  bad  indication  in  the  bedded 
ores  of  the  Quebec  group.  The  lenses 
of  chalcopyrite  are  from  four  to  36  ft.  in 
width,  one  being  150  ft.  long,  but  thin- 
ning out  on  every  side.  The  ore  con- 
tains a  small  amount  of  gold   (up  to  S2 


successfully.  Since  it  has  been  exported 
to  Swansea  and  New  York.  The  mining 
operations  have  been  profitable,  giving 
in  some  years  a  dividend  of  40  per  cent. 
In  1903  a  profit  of  $350,000  was 
made  and  in  1906  the  shipment  of  66,- 
000  tons,  averaging  3.54  per  cent,  yielded 
a   net  return   of  $300,000. 

Betts  Cove  Mine 

The  Betts  Cove  mine  is  situated 
eight  miles  west  of  Tilt  cove,  and 
is  high  up  on  the  hills,  from 
which  an  incline  tramway,  less  than 
a  mile  in  length  conveys  the  ore  to 
wharves  below.  The  mine  was  opened  in 
1874,  and  in  1877  smelting  furnaces  were 
erected    for  treating  low-class  ores.     In 


Tlie  Entjinrcrind  ,f  .Viriitly  Juumal 


Sketch  Map  of  Newfoundland,  Showing  Copper  Formation 


per  ton)    and    in   one    year   7000   oz.   are 

I   to  have  been   obtained. 

!  rom    the    West    mine,    nickel    ore    has 

Jeen  mined    for  a  number  of  years.     In 

he  South  mine,  half  a  mile  east  of  the 

'*'est  mine,  is  a  large  deposit  of  chalco- 
pyrite, yielding  35  per  cent,  sulphur;  it 
s  300   ft.   long   and   250    ft.    broad   and 

lias  been  worked  as  an  open  cut  to  a 
lepth  of  220  ft.  The  mine  was  opened 
n   1864  and  in  three  years  6500  tons  of 

I  2-per  cent,  copper  ore  were  shipped.  In 
890  the  mine  was  leased  to  the  Cape 
"opper  Company  on  a  royalty  basis.  The 
■re  was  at  first  smelted  at  the  mine,  un- 


the  latter  year  44,000  tons  of  high-grade 
ore  was  shipped  to  Swansea.  The  mines 
suspended  in  1883,  owing  to  a  land-slide 
which  carried  down  much  of  the  ma- 
chinery and  buildings,  and  filled  up  a 
portion  of  the  mine.  In  1906  the  Pilley's 
Island  Pyrites  Company  installed  ma- 
chinery to  drain  and  rework  the  mines 
with  the  intention  of  recovering  the  re- 
ported veins  of  ore,  but  operations  ceased 
before  this  was  attained. 

Little  Bay  Mines 

These    mines,   at    the    head    of   Green 
bay,  are  the  property  of  an  English  syn- 


dicate that  worked  them  successfully  for 
many  years.  The  ore  occurs  in  the 
Quebec  group  as  pockets  and  lenses  of 
various  sizes,  which  follow  the  strike  and 
dip  of  the  strata.  The  mine  was  first 
opened  in  1878  by  Herr  Ellenhausen  on 
a  large  outcrop  concealed  in  spruce  for- 
ests. He  is  said  to  have  taken  out,  dur- 
ing the  first  year,  10,000  tons  of  high- 
grade  ore  from  an  open  cut.  Several 
shafts  were  sunk,  and  three  good  veins 
worked.  Smelting  works  were  erected 
and  operated.  The  mine  employed  a 
large  number  of  men  and  a  depth  of  1400 
ft.  was  reached,  but  the  fall  in  the  price 
of  copper  compelled  suspension  in  1893. 
The  Pilley's  Island  Pyrites  Company  ob- 
tained a  preliminary  lease  in  1906,  but 
after  retimbering  Saralis  shaft  300  ft., 
'  further  funds  were  not  forthcoming  and 
the  pumping  machinery  was  removed. 

Pilley's  Island  Pyrites  Mine 
Among  the  islands  which  fringe  the 
coast  of  Notre  Dame  bay  are  promising 
copper  prospects,  but  only  one  has  been 
developed.  The  pyrite  deposits  on  the 
south  side  of  Pilley's  island  are  of  great 
importance,  both  on  account  of  their  ex- 
tent and  the  high  proportion  of  sulphur 
they  include  (38-40  per  cent.)  besides  a 
small  per  cent,  of  copper  with  some  sil- 
ver and  gold.  There  are  three  beds 
worked,  which  are  intercalated  with  the 
strata.  The  ore  extracted  from  them  is 
clean  and  free  from  quartz.  During  the 
best  years,  40,000  tons  were  annually  ex- 
ported to  New  York,  where  the  copper, 
silver  and  gold  were  recovered  from  the 
pyrite  cinder.  The  company  becoming  in- 
volved in  financial  difficulties  because  of 
its  capital  being  employed  in  unwatering 
the  mines  at  Bett's  cove.  Little  bay  and 
Baie  Verte,  a  receiver  was  appointed  in 
1908  and  the  mines  closed.  There  are 
more  than  100,000  tons  of  ore  in  re- 
serve, and  the  mine  is  abundantly  sup- 
plied with  machinery  and  good  shipping 
facilities. 

Baie  Verte  Mine 

On  the  northern  side  of  Cape  John 
promontory  is  a  large  copper  deposit  at 
the  extremity  of  Baie  Verte  inlet.  A 
tramway  connects  the  mine  with  the 
coast,  two  miles  distant.  The  pier 
and  wharf  cost  .'^35,000.  The  me- 
talliferous belt  has  a  width  of  30 
ft.  and  strikes  north-northeast  with  the 
stratification,  dipping  sharply  to  the  west- 
This  zone  is  interposed  between  serpen- 
tine on  the  west  and  chloritic  schists  on 
the  east,  and  contains  large  deposits  of 
pyrite  and  chalcopyrite.  Mining  com- 
menced in  1862,  but  for  many  years  was 
worked  intermittently.  The  mines,  at  the 
last,  produced  from  30,000  to  40.000  tons 
of  ore  annually.  The  mine  finally  ceased 
working  in  1907.  The  Cape  Copper 
Company  has  leased  the  property  and  is 
preparing  to  open  the  mine. 

In  the  Bay  of  Islands  promising  copper 
ores  have  been  opened  above  York  har- 


i 


362 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


bor  in  the  Blowidon  mountains.  The 
ore  is  found  in  a  broad,  mineralized 
belt,  which  can  be  traced  for  a  consider- 
able distance  by  outcroppings  of  gossan. 
The  inclosing  strata  are  of  Quebec  age 
and  similar  to  those  associated  with  the 
east  coast  copper  mines.  The  lens-shaped 
copper  deposits  in  this  belt  are  numerous, 
but  only  one  group  has  been  exploited 
by  a  shaft  364  ft.  deep,  from  which  sev- 
eral levels  have  been  driven  on  the  strike. 
These  bodies  of  ore  vary  from  70  to  120 
ft  in  length,  10  to  30  ft.  in  breadth,  with 
a  hight  of  about  180  ft.  The  ore  in  sight 
equals  35.000  tons.  A  cargo  shipped  to 
New  York  in  1908  averaged  3.25  per  cent, 
copper  and  38  per  cent,  sulphur,  on 
which  was  realized  $5.50  per  ton.  An- 
other cargo  is  now  awaiting  shipment. 
The  mines  are  fully  provided  with  ma- 
chinery, the  surface  equipment  having 
cost  over  SI 00,000.  The  owners  have, 
it  is  understood,  leased  the  property  to 
an   English   company. 

Mings  Gold  Mine 

Gold  has  been  found  in  many  places 
but  has  only  been  seriously  prospected  at 
Mings  bight  in  White  bay.  Work  was 
commenced  in  1903  and  the  Goldenville 
Mining  Company  formed.  The  test 
sample  of  23  tons,  sent  to  Nova  Scotia 
for  treatment,  gave  such  good  results 
(9  dwt.  per  ton)  that  a  10-stamp  mill 
was  erected  in  1906,  and  a  shaft  sunk 
100  ft.  A  large  quantity  of  quartz  was 
passed  through  the  mill,  but  the  result 
was  not  satisfactory.  The  capital  of  the 
company  being  exhausted,  the  mine  was 
stopped,  pending  the  raising  of  further 
funds.  The  auriferous  bed  of  quartz, 
which  is  inclosed  in  strata,  presumed  to 
be  the  equivalent  of  the  Nova  Scotian 
gold  measures,  has  been  traced  along  the 
surface  for  about  a  mile.  The  lodestuff 
is  composed  of  magnetite,  pyrites  and 
quartz,  mixed  with  slaty  matter,  having 
a  width  varying  from  five  to  13  ft.  The 
average  assay  was  $8  per  ton,  and  this, 
with  proper  system  of  reduction,  should 
yield  a  profit. 

Cambrian   Rocks 

This  formation,  though  sometimes  quite 
m.etamorphosed,  is  much  less  so  than  the 
Huronian.  It  is  found  skirting  the  Ar- 
chaean groups  of  strata  on  the  flanks  of 
the  Long  Range  mountains  from  the  head 
of  Hare  bay,  southward,  to  White  bay 
on  the  east,  and  to  Bay  St.  George  on  the 
west  coast.  Small  areas  occur  in  Trinity 
and  Conception  bays,  including  Belle 
island.  The  Cambrian  strata  have  been 
little  explored,  but  there  are  some  copper 
outcrops  and  many  of  hematite;  with  the 
exception,  however,  of  the  Belle  island 
iron-ore  seams,  none  has  been  worked  or 
even  prospected.  The  increasing  demand 
for  iron  will  bring  some  of  them  into 
operation   at  no  distant  date. 

The  mines  of  the  Dominion  Iron  and 
Coal  Company,  and   those   of  the   Nova 


Scotian  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  are  in- 
teresting on  account  of  the  peculiar  oc- 
currence of  the  ore  in  the  seams.  On 
blasting,  the  ore  breaks  into  roughly  rec- 
tangular shapes  of  a  size  that  allows  the 
'muckers"  to  shovel  it  direct  into  the 
cars.  The  mines  have  great  importance 
because  of  the  immense  quantities  of  hem- 
atite exported  to  Sydney,  N.  S.,  and  to 
Europe;  and  are  commercially  successful 
owing  to  the  favorable  conditions  under 
which  the  ore  can  be  mined  and  shipped, 
and  also  the  high  quality  of  the  iron 
ores.  Belle  Island  is  12  miles  from  St. 
John.  The  cost  per  ton  of  ore  f.o.b.  is 
under  fifty  cents. 

There  are  a  number  of  veins  from  3  in. 
to  4  ft.  wide,  but  only  two  principal  de- 
posits are  operated,  the  upper  one  9  ft. 
and  the  lower  one  13  ft.  in  width.  The 
Dominion  company  owns  the  lower  seam 
on  the  land  and  both  seams  in  their  sub- 
marine area  of  five  square  miles.  The 
Nova  Scotian  Company  owns  the  upper 
seam  and  32  sq.mi.  of  submarine  area  be- 
yond. The  mines  were  started  in  1893 
and  the  first  shipment  made  in  1895.  The 
Nova  Scotian  company  has  the  right  to 
drive  "slopes"  through  the  Dominion  area, 
and  has  completed  a  tunnel  a  mile  sea- 
ward to  its  submarine  area.  The  Do- 
minion company  also  has  a  tunnel  on  the 
lower  seam  from  which  it  is  extract- 
ing iron  ore.  The  two  companies  ship 
nearly  one  million  tons  annually. 

Near  the  coast  at  the  head  of  Concep- 
tion bay,  between  Killigrews  and  Man- 
uels,  are  several  deposits  of  manganese, 
one  of  which  is  extensively  worked  by  an 
English  syndicate.  Some  manganese  has 
also  been  found  at  Sops  arm  and  Bear 
cove  in  White  bay,  and  also  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Humber  river  on  the  west  coast. 

Pre-Ca.mbrian 

This  formation  is  interposed  between 
the  Cambrian  and  Huronian.  It  extends 
from  Bonavista  bay  down  both  sides  of 
Trinity  bay,  stretches  across  the  Avalon 
peninsula  of  which  it  occupies  the  south 
and  west  coasts.  Near  Old  Perlican  on 
the  east  shore  of  Conception  bay  an  iron 
mine  was  worked  by  the  Workington 
company  of  England,  which  spent  a  large 
sum  in  opening  mines,  and  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  railway,  six  miles,  to  an 
excellent  wharf  at  Old  Perlican.  A  shaft 
was  sunk  300  ft.  deep  and  numerous 
drifts  made;  in  1899  the  mine  operations 
were    suspended. 

The  Huronian 

The  Huronian  formation  begins  among 
the  islands  of  Bonavista  bay  and  extends 
southward  to  Placentia  bay  and  Fortune 
bay.  There  is  also  a  belt  stretching  from 
Cape  St.  Francis  through  Killigrews  and 
Holyrood  across  the  Avalon  promontory 
to  St.  Mary's  harbor.  The  rocks  are 
metamorphic  but  the  bedding  is  generally 
in  evidence,  with  the  prevailing  northeast 
strike. 


There  are  numerous  deposits  of  silver- 
lead  and  copper  ore  along  the  shores,  but 
little  prospecting  has  been  done  and  only 
two  or  three  worked.  The  copper  ore 
usually  occurs  as  true  veins  and  is  asso- 
ciated with  quartz.  There  are  some  prom- 
ising veins  on  the  islands  of  Bonavista 
bay.  At  the  Griffin  mine,  in  Placentia 
bay,  is  a  large  vein,  which  crosses  a  head- 
land from  shore  to  shore.  At  the  head 
of  Colliers  harbor,  in  Conception  bay. 
is  a  vein  of  the  same  ore.  At  the  island 
of  Oderin  native  copper  is  disseminated 
in  porphyry. 

La  Manche  Silver-Lead  Mine 

The  most  important  mine  worked  in 
Huronian  strata  is  that  of  La  Manche 
in  Placentia  bay.  It  was  first  opened  in 
1857  and  was  acquired  by  the  La  Manche 
.Mining  Company  in  1863.  The  fissure 
vein  intersects  hard,  brittle,  green  slates 
and  compact  cherty  beds.  The  vein 
strikes  north  63  deg.  east  from  the  shore; 
it  is  nearly  vertical  with  a  width  from 
3  to  6  ft.  The  gangue  is  chiefly  calcite, 
barite,  quartz  and  fluorspar.  The  galena 
is  distributed  irregularly  through  the 
vein  in  pockets.  In  1868  the  adit,  which 
is  Just  above  high-water  mark,  had  been 
driven  1555  ft.  eastward  on  the  lode, 
with  which  communicated  six  principal 
shafts  from  75  to  120  ft.  deep,  one  of 
them  being  continued  66  ft.  below  the 
adit. 

Mining  Laws 

The  mining  laws  of  Newfoundland  are 
very  liberal.  On  payment  of  S13.50  a 
concession  of  one  square  mile  is  granted 
for  one  year,  with  the  privilege  of  re- 
newal. As  soon  as  S6000  have  been  ex- 
pended in  mining,  a  fee  simple  can  be 
obtained  free  of  any  further  payment  or 
export  duty. 

There  has  recently  been  quite  an  in- 
dustrial aU-akening,  especially  in  forest 
lands,  and  in  the  near  future  large  quan- 
tities of  pulp  and  paper  will  figure  in  the 
exports.  The  Anglo-Newfoundland  De- 
velopment Company  has  already  dis- 
bursed S6,000,000  in  the  erection  of  pulp 
mills  and  paper-making  machinery,  ac- 
tual work  having  been  commenced  Oct. 
8,    1909. 

There  are  large  quantities  of  peat  on 
Ihe  island  and  a  large  industry  may  be 
developed.  Petroleum  has  been  found  in 
several  places  and  is  worked  at  Parsons 
creek  on  the  west  coast,  where  several 
wells  have  proved  productive.  Further 
explorations  are  in  progress  and  the  pe- 
troleum deposits  have  usually  been  made 
the  subject  of  a  number  of  promotions. 

The  shore  of  Newfoundland  is  be- 
lieved by  the  outside  world  to  be  en- 
veloped in  fogs  in  summer  and  buried  in 
snow  and  frost-bound  in  winter.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  the  summers  are  agree- 
able, with  plenty  of  sun  and  an  equable*;' 
temperature  which  rarely  rises  or  falls 
sufficiently  to  be  disagreeable.     Although 


I 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


363 


t!ie  winter  in  the  northern  portion  is  se- 
vere; the  southern  coast  has  seldom  any 
large  amount  of  snow,  indeed  St.  Johns 
is  somewhat  inclined  to  sloppiness.  Pas- 
senger steamers  ply  around  the  south- 
western shores  all  the  year  round  and  go 
to  the  northernmost  ports  up  to  Janu- 
ary. It  is  seldom  realized  that  the  city 
of  St.  Johns  is  in  the  latitude  of  Paris. 


Arizona  Production  in    1909 

The  production  of  the  mining  and 
metallurgical  operations  in  Arizona  for 
the  year  1909  as  filed  with  the  territorial 
auditor,  is  detailed  in  the  accompanying 
tablulation: 

Of  the  total  copper  produced,  the  Cop- 
per   Queen    Consolidated    Mining    Com- 


the  Detroit  Copper  Mining  Company, 
seventh  with  7  per  cent.,  and  the  Shannon 
Copper  Company,  eighth  with  5.1  per 
cent. 

Gold  and  Silver  Producers 

In    gold    production    the    Golden    Star 

Mining     Company     leads     with     24,489 

oz.;     the     United     Verde      follows     with 

17,019;  the  King  of  Arizona  is  third  with 


METAI.I.IFEUOUS    rUOIUCTION    IN    ARIZONA  FOR  1905). 


Name  of  Compan.v. 

Mining  District. 

Copper,  Pounds. 

Gold, 
Ounces. 

Silver, 
Ounces. 

Other  Metals, 
Pounds. 

Total  Value. 

CociirsE  CorNTY. 
Arizona  irnited  Mining  Co 

Johnson 

Warren 
Turquoise 

Warren 

Warren 
Turcjuoise 
Tombstone 
Tiufiuoise 

Warren 

Warren 
Tombstone 

Warren 

Globe 
Summit 
Globe 
Globe 
Globe 
Globe 
Globe 

Copper  Jlountaln 

Greenlee 

Copper  Mountain 

Greenlee 

Clifton 

Clifton 

CUlton 

\'ulture 

Maj-nard 

Bentlcy 
San  Francisco 
San  Francisco 

Wallapai 

Silverbell 

Helvetia 

Silverbell 

Pima 

Old  Hat 
Jlineral  Creek 

Verde 
Martinez 
Big  Bug 
Unknown 
Big  Bug 
Big  Bug 

Weaver 

Big  Bug 

Lime  Stone  Caflon 
Tiger 
Verde 

King  of  Arizona 

King  of  .\rizona 

I'edniosa 

237,600 
27,747,853 

15 
5,660 
2,710 
8,674 

41 

"329 
596 

3,8.56 
1,862 

25 

580 

33 

1,233 

1032 

330 

3,48l 
11,008 

778 

9,sn6 

2,549 

8,7 16 
59 

6,256 

1,815 
6,135 

1,226 
17,019 

24,489 

11, .8.53 

108 

2,100 
191.234 
228.470 
601.828 

47,508 
47,485 

169,177   ( 
137,-593   J 

16,827 

834   1 

50,9SS   ' 
20,414 
43,486    , 

20,161 

43.751 

2.154 

250 

42 
1,720 
2,800 
4,311    , 
2.09S  j 

■  12V.7.S2 

347 
324 

16,176 
3,055 

47,661 

15,344   } 

2,725 
495,478 

9,937 

Uad.  437,631 

l>ead, 

1.453,747 
Zinc,  891,395 

Sulphur, 

553,090 

Iron, 

1.641.420 

Zinc, 

5,161,750 

Lime,     16,031 

.-iilica,   22,589 

Ix- J d.  261,754 
Iron,   804.050 
LiiTie,      7.300 
Iron,    143.170 

Iron.   179,687 

$        32,391 

3,817,727 

173,817 

11  516  975 

Copper  (.Jin.'i.'n  Coiisoluiated  Mining  Co 

84.802,147 

99,222 

4,55,219 

13,732 

(Jreit  Wt'^tf-rn  (.'opper  Co 

56.096 
31  269 

283,597 

1,787.649 

24.440.410 

73  605 

Shattuik-Arizciiii  Copper  Co 

Superior  .v  I'iitsliurg  Copper  Co 

232.072 

3,339.696 

220  524 

Wolverine  &  Arizona  .Mining  Co 

(III.A   COINTY. 

Arizona  Commerei  il  Copper  Co. . . 
Gibson  Copper  C.> 

301.274 

1.171,450 

667.405 

58.832 

25,397,475 

745,501 

3,674,728 

3,594,084 

31,150,263 

125,760 

23,688,735 

1,081,695 

15,.379,588 

37,724 

459,794 

39,111 

160.744 

86.^42 

12:f418 

3.335.362 

107  ''94 

Old  Dduiinion  Copper  MininK  and  Smelting  Co.  .  .  . 

United  tllobe  Mines 

-.00.146 
470,687 

4,043,927 

16.326 

3,088,2.53 

1,50,809 

2.044,598 

6.006 

59  720 

Graham  County. 

Arizom  Copper  Co.,  Ltd   

Clifton  Copper  Mines.  Ltd    . 

Detroit  Copper  Mining  Co 

New  Kiiglnul  &  Clifton  Copper  Co 

sliannon  c'opper  {;o 

standard  Copper  Mines      

iMAHicoPA  County. 

21.480 
6,852 

Mohave  County. 

299,154 

liold  Kuad  Mitiitig  and  Kxploration  Co 

73,395 

301  '>'>3 

Pima  County. 
Kl  Tiro  Copper  Co   

221.419 

841.675 

10.115,355 

l,097.o.'iO 

og  744 

1  lelveti  1  Copper  Co 

Pinal  County. 

109.266 

1,375,896 

147,531 

^o  866 

Kay  Consolidated  Copper  Co 

Yavapai  County. 

605.108 

98.000 

2,979 

82,250 

78.722 

Congress  Consolidated  Mines  Co.,  Ltd 

188,762 
ri  470 

(irund  Cafion  Lime  and  Cetnent  Co 

56.108 
178,080 
oo  539 

189,107 

Miller  Bros           

I'olanl  Mining  Co 

I'lmtennev  Lime  Co 

16,107 

150,017 
05  550 

4,802 
36.695,259 

27  738 

Yuma  County. 

511,305 

245,017 

8,675 

King  of  .\rizoii  i 

Ijttle  Butte  Consolidated  Mines  Co 

46.176 

297,702,940 

132,278 

2,347.709 

12,130,604 

S42,946,745 

Notk — The   total   of  other   metals   consisted  of  2,l."i3,l()2  lb.  lead;  6.053.I4r>  lb.  zinc;  3,325.347  lb.  Iron;  553.090  lb.  sulphur;  22,.")8n  lb. 
silica,    and    23.331    lb.    lime. 


Liberal  Attitude  of  Government 

The  government  of  Sir  Edward  Morris 
is  making  the  most  energetic  efforts  to 
bring  the  resources  of  Newfoundland  be- 
fore the  outside  public,  and  is  making 
generous  offers  to  investors  and  specu- 
lators—forests for  the  making  of  pulp, 
mineral  claims  for  mining,  and  land 
grants  for  agriculture. 


pany  is  credited  with  over  28  per  cent.; 
the  United  Verde  Copper  Company  comes 
next  with  12.3  per  cent.;  the  Arizona 
Copper  Company.  Ltd.,  is  third  with  10.4 
per  cent.;  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  Min- 
ing Company  is  fourth  with  9.^  per 
cent.;  the  Old  Dominion  Copper  Mining 
and  Smelting  Company  is  fifth  with  8.5 
per  cent.;  the  Superior  &  Pittsburg  Cop- 
per Company,  sixth  with  8.2  per  cent.; 


11,853;  the  Tom  Reed  Gold  Mines  Com- 
pany, fourth  with  11,000;  and  the  Twin 
Buttes  Mining  and  Smelting  Company, 
fifth  with  9S00  oz.  The  Copper  Queen 
returned  601. S?8  oz.  of  silver,  the  United 
Verde.  49.=^. 478.  and  the  Commonwealth 
Mining  Company  is  third  with  228.470 
oz.  The  total  value  of  the  entire  metal 
production  for  the  year  reached  the  sum 
of  $42,946,745. 


364 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


Mining  and  Smelting  Plant  of  Mond  Nickel  Co. 

Reconstructed  Plant  Uses  Electric  Power;  Copper-Nickel   Ores  Roasted 
in  Heaps,   Smelted,   Converted   and   Shipped    to    Europe    for    Refining 

BY        GRANT       b'.       SHIPLEY* 


The  smeltery  and  main  offices  of  the 
Mond  Nickel  Company,  Ltd.,  are  situated  at 
the  town  of  Victoria  Mines,  Ont.,  Canada, 
on  the  main  line  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
railroad,  180  miles  east  of  Sault  Ste. 
Marie.  The  company  is  operating  two 
mines:  The  Victoria,  2;i  miles  north  of 
the  smeltery;  and  the  Carson,  10  miles 
north  of  Sudbury  on  the  Canadian  North- 
ern. The  power  for  the  smeltery  and 
Victoria  mine  is  generated  at  the  com- 
pany's own  hydroelectric  plant  at  the 
Wabageshik  falls  on  the  Vermilion  river. 


commission  only  26  days  during  this  time. 
Furthermore,  the  capacity  of  the  furnaces 
and  converters  has  been  doubled  by  mak- 
ing improvements  in  the  units  without 
changing  the  buildings. 

The  smelting  plant  as  designed  in  1900 
consisted  of  two  44xl20-in.  rectangular 
copper-matting  furnaces  arranged  with 
the  downtake  below  the  charging  floor, 
and  for  each  furnace  there  was  one  set- 
tler, 9  ft.  in  diameter  by  3  ft.  6  in.  high. 
The  air  for  the  furnaces  was  furnished 
at    from   20   to   30   oz.   pressure   by    two 


draulic  cylinders  supplied  with  water  at 
200  lb.  pressure  by  an  accumulator.  12  in. 
in  diameter  by  10  ft.  long.  The  accumu- 
lator was  controlled  by  a  Worthington  du- 
plex 14x3' jxlO-in.  pump  and  automatic 
tapping  gear,  supplied  with  water  from  a 
6x7-ft.  tank.  The  air  for  blowing  con- 
verters was  furnished  at  8  lb.  pressure 
by  a  tandem-type  14x30x30-in.  Reidler 
blowing  engine,  discharging  into  a  re- 
ceiver, 5  ft.  in  diameter  by  16  ft.  long. 
For  preparing  the  silica  lining  for  con- 
verter   shells    there    was     one     10x7-in. 


Dam,  Pipe  Line  and  Power  House  on  Property  of  Mond  Nickel  Company 


SlA  miles  in  an  air  line  from  the  smel- 
tery; and  power  for  the  Garson  mine  is 
secured  from  the  Waknapitae  Power 
Company,  eight  miles  from  the  mine. 

Earlier  Plant  Operated  Successfully 

The  smelting  plant  was  built  in  1900 
by  Dr.  Ludwig  Mond  and  operated  with 
steam  power  nearly  continuously  up  to 
June,  1900,  at  a  capacity  of  about  200 
tons  per  day,  using  wood  and  coal  for 
fuel.  In  1908  arrangements  for  the  elec- 
trification of  the  mines  and  smeltery  were 
concluded,  also  increasing  the  output 
of  the  smeltery.  The  additions  together 
with  alterations  are  interesting,  consider- 
ing the  fact  that  the  smeltery  was  out  of 

•Englnepr,  minine;  nnfl  timber  treatlnp;  di"- 
paitmcnt.  AlHs-Clialmers  Company,  Mil- 
w.niikee,   Wis. 


No.  6B  Green  blowers,  direct  connected 
to  12xl2-in.  vertical  engines. 

The  matte  from  the  settlers  contained 
from  25  to  30  per  cent,  copper,  and  was 
tapped  into  a  swinging  launder  which  fed 
the  converters  on  the  lower  bench.  There 
were  two  stands  and  four  shells  of  hy- 
draulically  operated  converters',  each  80 
in.  in  diameter  and  96  in.  long.  The  matte 
from  the  converters  (about  80  per  cent.) 
was  poured  into  ladles  and  thence  into 
two  matte  pans,  4x24  ft.,  where  it  was 
permitted  to  cool.  It  was  then  reduced 
in  a  Blake  crusher  to  3  in.  and  finer. 

Converting  Department 

The  converter  shells  and  ladles  were 
handled  by  a  30-ton  Whiting  crane  of 
40-ft.  span  and  with  a  4-ton  auxiliary 
hoist.    The  converters  were  tilted  by  hy- 


Blake  crusher,  one  set  of  16xl0-in.  rolls, 
one  30x48-in.  trommel,  one  elevator  and 
one  6'j-ft.  Chilean  mill  direct  connected 
to  a  30-h.p.  motor. 

For  generating  current  at  250  volts  for 
crane,  tram,  mill  and  other  direct-current 
motors,  there  was  one  single-cylinder  en- 
gine, 13  in.  in  diameter  by  14  in.  stroke, 
and  one  tandem  compound,  14  and  20 
in.  by  14-in.  stroke.  The  steam  plant  con- 
sisted of  five  100-h.p.  boilers  at  100  lb. 
steam  pressure,  and  during  the  early  pe- 
riod of  their  operation,  when  wood  was 
plentiful,  these  consumed  20  to  30  cords 
of  wood  per  day  to  operate  the  plant. 

The  old  plant  was  designed  by  Hiram 
Hixon  and  Max  Rotter,  and  when  first  in- 
stalled was  modern  in  every  respect  and 
far  above  the  average.  Its  operation  was 
most  satisfactory. 


I 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


365 


I 


Section  B-B 

Tkt  Enffinttring  f  Jtintng  JaunA 


Arrangement  of  Furnaces  and  Converters  in  Plant  of  Mono  Nickel  Company 


366 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


The  New  Power  Plant 

The  present  electrical  installation  and 
other  improvements  have  been  operating 
for  over  10  months  and  the  results  se- 
cured have  been  most  satisfactory.  The 
hydroelectric  power  plant  on  Vermilion 
river  is  economical  in  every  respect  and 
is  operated  by  one  chief  electrician  and 
two  assistants. 

The  steel  pipe  line  leading  to  the  tur- 
bine from  the  dam  is  8  ft.  in  diameter  by 
450  ft.  long.  .  The  unit  consists  of  one 
2200-h.p.  Bullock  turbine  working  under 
a  50- ft.  head,  direct  connected  to  a  1200- 
kw.,  60-cycle,  three-phase,  2200-voIt,  al- 
ternatine-current  generator.  The  voltage 
is  stepped  up  to  16,000  volts  by  three  oil- 
insulated  water-cooled  transformers  of 
800-kw.  capacity  each,  and  then  trans- 
mitted 8!'_>  miles  through  No.  6  copper 
wire  to  the  smeltery  substation,  where  the 
current  for  the  smeltery  is  stepped  down 
to  600  volts  by  three  350-kw.,  oil-insu- 
lated, water-cooled  transformers.  The 
current  for  the  Victoria  mine  continues 
2'/<  miles  to  the  hoisting  plant,  where  it 
is  stepped  down  to  600  volts  by  three 
200-kw.  transformers. 

The  main  turbine  is  of  the  horizontal 
twin  type,  with  a  pair  of  cast-iron  run- 
ners secured  to  the  main  shaft,  all  being 
inclosed  in  a  steel  housing  arranged  so 
that  the  water  enters  parallel  to  the  shaft 
and  discharges  into  a  common  draft  chest. 
The  top  part  of  the  housing  is  made  in  re- 
movable sections  to  facilitate  quick  in- 
spection of  all  internal  parts. 

The  generator  unit  is  designed  to  oper- 
ate with  500  cu.ft.  of  water  per  second 
under  50  ft.  head,  running  at  300  r,p.m. 
The  load  on  this  machine  varies  from  80(1 
to  1300  kw..  the  peak  load  occurring 
when  the  mine  hoist  is  suddenly  thrown 
into  action. 

The  exciter  unit  consists  of  a  single 
horizontal-shaft  turbine  mounted  in  a 
cast-iron  casing  with  a  regulating  gate 
connected  by  links  to  the  governor.  The 
generator  is  direct  connected  to  the  shaft 
and  is  a  60-kw.,  120-volt  machine.  This 
exciter  is  designed  to  operate  on  27  cu.ft. 
of  water  per  second  at  50  ft.  head,  when 
running  at  875  r.p.m.  The  switchboard 
at  this  plant  consists  of  one  panel  con- 
trolling the  exciter,  one  panel  for  the  gen- 
erator and  one  line  panel  with  a  16,500- 
volt  lightning  arrester  and  accessories. 

The  power  house  is  a  concrete-block 
structure.  46  ft.  wide  by  90  ft.  long,  and 
is  equipped  with  an  overhead  traveling 
crane  of  sufficient  capacity  to  lift  the 
heaviest  single  piece  of  the  turbine  unit. 

Smeltery  Substation  and  Blowers 

The  smeltery  substation  contains  the 
following  machines,  all  of  which  are 
driven  by  three-phase,  60-cycle,  550-volt 
ii:duction  motors:  One  duplex  blowing 
engine,  34  in.  in  diameter  by  42-in. 
stroke,  with  an  18- ft.  flywheel  grooved 
for  eighteen  I'^-in.  ropes  and  driven  by 
one  315-h.p.  Bullock  constant-speed  mo- 


tor, running  at  360  r.p.m.  This  engine 
at  82  r.p.m.  has  a  capacity  of  6000  cu.ft. 
of  free  air  per  min.  at  12  lb.  pressure, 
and  furnishes  air  for  two  stands  of  84x 
126-in.  converters. 

The  blowing  engine  is  fitted  with  me- 
chanical-inlet Corliss  valves  and  poppet 
discharge,  and  is  regulated  by  the  air 
pressure  through  floating  levers  from  the 
receiver  to  the  governor,  thus  controlling 
the  cutoff  on  the  Corliss  inlet  valves. 

There  are  two  Connersville  horizontal 
cycloidal  blowers,  each  having  a  capacity 
of  15,340  cu.ft.  of  free  air  per  min.  at 
40  oz.  pressure,  and  driven  by  a  belt 
from  one  175-h.p.  Bullock  constant-speed 
motor,  running  at  600  r.p.m.  Each  blower 
furnishes  air  for  one  44xl80-in.  furnace. 

Pumps  and  Other  Machinery 

For  furnishing  air  for  the  relining 
tamping  machine,  there  is  one  single- 
cylinder  class  B  Ingersoll-Sergeant  air 
compressor,  14'4  in.  in  diameter  by  18-in. 
stroke.  This  machine  is  driven  by  a  belt 
from  one  75-h.p.  constant-speed   Bullock 


constant-speed  motor  running  720  r.p.m. 
One  of  these  motor-generator  sets  is  a 
spare. 

The  above  motors  are  all  controlled  by 
oil  potential  starters,  and  the  switchboard 
equipment  consists  of  one  combination 
transformer  and  line  panel,  three  feeder 
panels  for  control  of  motors,  two  direct- 
current  generator  panels  with  all  acces- 
sories and  one  15,000- volt  lightning  ar- 
rester. 

Furnaces  and  Converters 

For  smelting  this  copper-nickel  ore 
there  are  two  44xl80-in.  rectangular 
blast  furnaces.  Each  furnace  is  made  up 
of  three  lower  side  jackets  and  two  up- 
per side  jackets  on  each  side  of  the  fur- 
nace. There  are  32  four-inch  tuyeres.  The 
The  matte  from  each  furnace  runs  contin- 
ously  into  9x4- ft.  round  settlers. 

The  converter  equipment  consists  of 
two  stands  and  six  shells  of  Allis-Chalm- 
ers  improved  84xl26-in.  electrically  op- 
erated copper  converters,  operated  from 
a    pulpit    by    individual    controllers    and 


Turbine  and  Exciter  in  Power  House  of  Mono  Nickel  Company 


motor,  and  the  compressor  is  controlled 
from  the  pressure  side  by  an  automatic 
regulator,  which  cuts  out  the  admission 
on  the  inlet  side  of  the  machine  when 
the  pressure  runs  over  100  pounds. 

For  granulating  the  continuous  flow  of 
slag  from  the  furnace  settlers,  there  are 
two  8-in.  four-stage  Worthington  high- 
pressure  turbine  pumps,  built  by  the 
John  McDougall  Caledonian  Iron  Works 
Company  and  having  a  capacity  of  1500 
gal.  water  per  min.,  when  operating 
against  a  500-ft.  head.  Each  pum'p  is  di- 
rect connected  to  one  300-h.p.  constant- 
speed  Bullock  motor,  running  at  1200 
revolutions  per  minute. 

The  current  for  operating  crane,  con- 
verter stands,  tramway  mortar  mills, 
crusher  and  machine  shops,  also  lighting 
throughout  the  plant,  is  generated  by  one 
100-kw.  direct-current,  250-volt  genera- 
tor, direct  connected  to  one  1.50-h.p.  con- 
stant-speed motor  running  900  r.p.m.,  and 
one  150-kw.  direct-current,  250-volt  gen- 
erator, direct  connected  to  one   225-h.p. 


air  valves.  The  air  is  delivered  to  each 
converter  stand  by  a  10-in.  standpipe, 
which  carries  a  universal  air  connection 
that  permits  quick  and  secure  connec- 
tion to  the  shells.  The  converter  shells 
and  5-ton  cast-steel  ladles  are  handled 
by  one  Whiting  30-ton  traveling  crane 
with  auxiliary  hoist. 

The  lining  for  the  converter  shells  is 
prepared  by  a  10x7-in.  Blake  crusher  and 
two  6-ft.  mortar  mills  direct  connected 
to  30-h.p.  direct-current  motors.  The 
80  per  cent,  matte  from  the  converters 
is  crushed  in  a  10x7-in.  Blake  crusher. 

Machine  Shop 

This  plant  has  an  excellent  equipment 
for  handling  repair  work,  the  arrange- 
ment of  which  was  carefully  planned  by 
the  master  mechanic,  John  Gregg.  The 
machine  shop  contains  one  36-in.  lathe 
with  a  30- ft.  bed.  one  22-in.  lathe  with 
an  18-ft.  bed,  one  14-in.  with  an  8-ft. 
bed.  one  24-in.  shaper,  one  4- ft.  radial 
drill    press,    one    20-in.  stationary    drill 


August  20,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


367 


press,  one  30x30-in.  bed  planer  10  ft. 
long,  one  boll  machine  and  one  double- 
ended  emerv  wheel. 

The  building  is  also  arranged  on  one 
end  for  housing  the  locomotives,  and  con- 
tains a  working  pit.  The  machine  tools 
are  driven  through  line  shafting  by  a  20- 
h.p.,  250-volt,  direct-current  Bullock  mo- 
tor. For  handling  the  cars  in  the  yards 
there  is  one  standard-gage,  17-ton,  and 
one  32-ton   locomotive. 

Mine  Equip.ment 

Both  the  Victoria  and  Garson  mine 
have  similar  equipment.  The  Victoria 
receives  current  from  the  smeltery  sub- 
station at  KS.OOO  volts  and  steps  down  to 
600  volts  by  three  200-kw.,  oil-insulated, 

<^     water-cooled  transformers. 

For  hoisting  ore  from  the  mine  there  is 
one  Bullock  double-drum  hoist,  each 
drum  being  6  ft.  in  diameter  by  5  ft. 
face.  The  drums  are  operated  by  a  250- 
h.p.,  variable-speed  induction  motor 
which  runs  at  570  r.p.ni.  This  hoisting 
unit  is  designed  to  operate  a  balance  load 
of  l',S  tons  of  ore  from  a  depth  of  2000 
ft.  at  a  speed  of  1000  ft.  per  min.,  or 
to  handle  an  unbalanced  load  of  1 '  j  tons 
nf  ore  plus  the  skip  and  cage,  weighing 

^    1200  lb.  each. 

I  The  friction  clutches  and  band  brakes 
are  operated  by  hand  levers  placed  in  a 
quadrant  on  the  operator's  stand.  All 
l^sars  are  made  of  cast  steel  with  cut 
teeth.  The  main  bedplate  carries  the 
drums  and  pinion  shaft,  and  one  end  is 
extended  for  supporting  the  motor.  The 
air  for  the  drills  in  the  mine  is  fur- 
nished by  one  20xl8x24-in.  Rand  com- 
pressor, driven  by  a  belt  from  one  300- 
h.p.  constant-speed  motor  making  490 
r.p.m.  Twelve  3',s-in.  drills  are  now 
working   at   this   mine. 

The  Garson  mine  receives  current  at 
22,000  volts  and  steps  down  to  600  volts 
with  three  125-kw.  transformers,  and  op- 
erates practically  the  same  equipment  as 
outlined  above. 

Heap  Roasting 

The  ore  from  the  Victoria  mine  is 
hoisted  in  cars  from  the  1000- ft.  level 
to  the  top  of  the  bins,  where  it  is  sorted, 
crushed  and  loaded  into  tram  buckets 
which  convey  it  direct  to  bins  in  the 
smeltery  building  or  to  the  roasting  yard, 
one  mile  from  the  smeltery. 

The  ore  from  the  Garson  mine  is 
hoisted  in  cars  from  the  600- ft.  level  to 
the  top  of  the  bins  where  it  is  sorted, 
crushed  and  dumped  into  bins  for  load- 
ing into  50-ton  hopper-bottom  dump  cars 
that  are  hauled  over  the  Canadian  North- 
ern and  Canadian  Pacific  to  the  smeltery, 
where  part  is  dumped  into  bins  for  ele- 
I  vating  to  the  charging-floor  bins  by  in- 
cline and  hoist.  The  balance  is  dumped 
into  tramway-loading  bins,  and  thence 
conveyed  to  roasting  yard. 

About  60  per  cent,  of  all  ore  goes  to 


the  roasting  yard  and  contains  about  20 
per  cent,  of  sulphur,  which  is  reduced 
to  about  10  per  cent,  by  roasting  in 
heaps.  The  heaps  are  40  ft.  wide  by 
110  ft.  long  and  contain  2500  tons  to 
the  heap.  The  roast  at  each  heap  is 
started  by  80  cords  of  wood,  and  contin- 
ues to  burn  from  3  to  4  months — in  many 
cases  5  months.  From  eight  to  nine 
heaps  are  continually  burning. 

Tra.mway  Has  Many   DurrES 

The  tramway  is  of  the  Bleichert  con- 
struction, using  buckets  with  a  capacity 
of  800  lb.  It  is  nearly  2'/.  miles  long, 
with  a  difference  of  160  ft.  in  elevation 
between  the  Victoria  mine  and  the  smel- 
tery. Owing  to  the  many  duties  it  has 
to  perform,  the  tramway  requires  a  mo- 
tor on  the  lower  end.  It  carries  the  ore 
from  the  Victoria  mine  down  grade  to 
the  roast  yard  and  smeltery;  the  Gar- 
son ore  from  the  smeltery  up  to  the 
roast  yard;  returns  all  ore  from  the  roast 
yards  down  to  the  smeltery;  and  carries 
great  quantities  of  other  material  from 
the  smeltery  to  the  mine. 

The  green  ore  arriving  at  the  roast 
yard  is  dumped  into  push  cars  running 
on  temporarv  trestles  that  extend  over 
the  heaps.  After  burning,  the  ore  is  shov- 
eled by  laborers  into  l)4-ton  ore  cars 
that  are  drawn  by  horses  to  an  incline 
where  a  gasolene  hoist  elevates  and 
dumps  the  cars  into  the  tram-loading 
bins. 

The  ore  at  the  smeltery  is  all  stored 
in  bins  on  a  level  with  the  feed  floor, 
arranged  so  that  hand  buggies  can  run 
under  the  gates  and  spouts.  The  ore, 
flux  and  scrap  are  all  delivered  to  the 
furnaces  in  buggies  or  barrows. 

Granulation  of  Slag 

The  44xI80-in.  furnaces  flow  contin- 
ually into  settlers,  and  the  slag  overflow 
from  the  settlers  is  granulated  by  a  high- 
pressure  stream  of  water  through  a  l;/.- 
in.  nozzle.  The  granulated  slag  is  car- 
ried in  5-in.  manganese-steel  pipes  to 
the  slag  dump,  about  500  ft.  from  the 
furnaces.  The  granulating  of  the  slag 
at  present  requires  about  1000  gal.  of 
water  per  min.  and  170  h.p.  to  take  away 
the  slag  from  one  furnace. 

Converter   Lining   and   Air 
Consumption 

Each  settler  is  tapped  about  40  times 
in  24  hours,  the  matte  being  handled  in 
four  converter  shells;  that  is  at  the  rate 
of  10  taps  to  each  shell  on  a  stand,  the 
linings  lasting  about  eight  hours.  This 
leaves  two  shells  for  relining  and  dry- 
ing. The  two  stands,  when  blowing,  re- 
quire nearlv  6000  cu.ft.  of  air  at  12  lb. 
pressure.  These  figures  apply  when  only 
one  furnace  is  running,  as  one  furnace 
is  kept  in  reserve.  At  this  rate,  350  to 
3S0  tons  of  ore  per  day  are  being  smelted 
in  one  furnace,  or  a  total  of  nearly  520 


tons  of  charge  per  furnace,  which  in- 
cludes about  12  per  cent,  of  coke.  This 
520  tons  includes  the  skulls  from  ladles, 
scrap  from  converter  floor,  etc. 

A  great  saving  has  been  accomplished 
at  this  plant  by  skimming  the  converters 
into  ladles,  then  pouring  this  back  into 
the  settlers.  The  old  practice,  before  re- 
designing the  plant,  was  to  skim  the  con- 
verters into  slag  cars,  allow  them  to 
cool,  then  break  and  return  them  to  the 
furnace.  Thus  it  was  necessary  to  re- 
melt  about  30  per  cent,  of  the  charge, 
whereas  with  the  later  practice  this  has 
been  reduced  to  less  than  10  per  cent. 
For  relining  converter  shells  about  25 
to  30  tons  of  silica  and  12  tons  of  clay 
are  used  per  24  hours. 

Furnace  Capacity  Doubled 
The  new  blast  furnace  requires  16,000 
cu.ft.  of  free  air  per  min.  at  40  oz.  pres- 
sure. By  adding  5  ft.  to  the  length 
of  the  furnace  and  superstructure  above 
the  charging  flooi,  and  carrying  the 
burden  in  the  furnace  at  the  charging- 
floor  level  with  the  air  pressure  in- 
creased from  28  to  40  oz.,  practically 
double  the  amount  of  ore  is  smelted  in 
a  44\180-in.  furnace  as  in  the  44xl20-in. 
furnace;  and  far  better  results  arc  se- 
cured. 

The  matte  in  the  furnace  contains  25 
to  30  per  cent,  copper  and  is  blown  to 
about  82  per  cent,  in  the  converters, 
poured  into  matte  pans,  allowed  to  cool, 
then  broken  by  sledges,  fed  into  crushers 
and  reduced  to  3-in.  and  finer,  in  which 
condition  it  is  shipped  to  Europe  for  re- 
fining. 

The  work  of  reconstructing  and  chang- 
ing the  entire  plant  was  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  local  manager,  C.  V.  Corless. 
Allis-Chalmers  Bullock,  Ltd.,  of  Montre- 
al, designed  and  installed  the  hydro- 
electric power  plant  and  complete  electric 
equipment  and  recently  received  a  con- 
tract to  duplicate  the  hydroelectric  plant. 
The  smelting  and  converting  equipment 
was  furnished  and  installed  by  the  Allis- 
Chalmers  Company,  of  Milwaukee,  under 
the  supervision  of  G.  B.  Shipley  and  W. 
A.  Rockliff. 


Lead    Ore    in    the    Bearpaw 
Mountains,  Mont. 

The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  has  pub- 
lished a  report'  on  the  lead  field  of  the 
Bearpaw  mountains  in  Montana.  Early 
prospecting  was  carried  on  in  this  region, 
but  the  present  deposit  of  argentiferous 
galena,  near  Lloyd,  was  not  discovered 
until  1888.  However,  no  ore  has  yet 
been  produced.  The  ore  contains  a  little 
gold,  40  to  50  oz.  of  silver  per  ton,  and 
50  to  60  per  cent,  of  lead.  It  is  easily 
crushed  and  concentrated.  More  thor- 
ough prospecting  in  this  region  may  be 
profitable. 


'Hull    4:!o.r, 


s    ';<-ol.   Siirve.v. 


368 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


A  New  Arizona-Sonora  Railroad 


The  Arizona.  Mexico  &  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia Railroad  Company,  is  now  sur- 
veying a  line  from  a  point  on  the  Arizona 
Southern  Railroad  Company — the  rail- 
road owned  by  the  Imperial  Copper  Com- 
pany running  from  Redrock  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  line  to  the  mines  at  Silver- 
bell — to  Port  Lobos,  Gulf  of  California, 
and  possibly  with  a  branch  line  to  Tuc- 
son. Thirty-three  kilometers  of  this  road 
have  already  been  located  and  preliminary 
survey  made  to  Caborca,  Sonera,  Mexico, 
a  distance  of  approximately  57  miles  from 
Port  Lobos.  Contracts  will  be  let  at 
once  for  the  construction  of  a  pier 
at  Port  Lobos  under  such  conditions  that 
sea-going  vessels  up  to  30  ft.  draft  can 
come  alongside  the  pier  and  unload  di- 
rectly to  the  railroad  cars.  The  road  will 
form  a  natural  and  short  outlet  to  deep 
water  for  a  number  of  the  largest  cop- 
per-producing districts  in  Arizona. 

The  road  will  also  have  great  commercial 
value  to  Tucson  and  Phoenix,  and  natural- 
ly will  greatly  reduce  freight  costs  for 
the  outgoing  and  incoming  traffic  of  the 
mining  properties  and  the  entire  country 
which  it  will  serve.  Construction  of  the 
pier  should  begin  within  the  next  60  to 
90  days  and  construction  of  the  railroad 
within  the  next  90  to  120  days. 

Mining  Industry  along  the  Route 

The  first  mines  encountered  are  in  the 
Santa  Rosa  mountains,  15  miles  from  Sil- 
verbell.  The  principal  ores  are  copper, 
gold  and  silver.  The  next  mines  are  the 
Day  property  in  Quijotoa  range,  55  miles 
from  Silverbell.  Mr.  Day  recently  formed 
a  com.pany  to  develop  the  mines  in  what 
is  known  as  Horseshoe  basin.  This  ba- 
sin first  came  into  prominence  by  the 
large  amount  of  placer  gold  it  has 
produced.  Another  property  in  this  vicin- 
ity is  known  as  the  Weldon  mine,  which 
is  idle  at  present.  The  Weldon  mill  has 
been  leased  to  the  Wayne  Development 
Company,  which  is  opening  some  gold 
veins  in  the  Cababi  range,  20  miles  east 
of  Weldon. 

This  railroad  will  open  the  El  Plomo 
district,  north  of  Altar.  The  country  rock 
is  granite,  cut  by  a  number  of  grano- 
diorite  dikes.  The  mountain  ranges  are 
broken  and  detached,  and  have  a  north- 
westerly strike.  The  dikes  and  ore  veins 
have  the  same  strike,  the  center  and  west- 
side  veins  carrying  gold  and  silver  with 
some  lead.  The  veins  are  3  to  4  ft.  wide 
and  are  said  to  carry  gold  and  silver  to 
the  extent  of  $10  to  $20  per  ton.  In  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  El  Plomo  district 
the  ore  contains  more  copper.  In  this 
section  the  Lake  Superior-Sonora  Devel- 
opment Company  is  doing  some  develop- 
ment work  with  James  Moran,  of  Altar,  as 
superintendent. 


The  Illinois  Development  Company  Js 
successor  to  the  old  El  Plomo  Company, 
and  owns  168  pertenencias.  The  mine 
contains  lead,  gold,  silver  ore,  averaging 
$20  to  S23  per  ton.  There  is  a  small 
concentrating  plant  on  the  property,  and 
the  mine  is  equipped  with  air  drills.  There 
are  a  number  of  other  mines  which  the 
railroad  will  help  to  develop,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  the  Calera  Cop- 


port  is  well  protected  from  storms  oi 
rough  water.  The  distance  between  the 
protecting  headlands  is  from  two  to  three 
miles.  There  is  a  mean  tide  of  12  ft.  The 
beach  and  bottom  of  the  bay  is  rather  flat, 
and  five  fathoms  of  water  is  reached  at 
3000  ft.  from  the  shore.  At  the  high-wa- 
ter mark  there  is  an  abrupt  rise  of  about 
10  ft.  in  the  shore  line,  which  continues 
back  practically  level  for  a  mile  or  more. 


T^t  EnginMri^^  .J  Uinin^  Journal 

Proposed  Line  of  the  Arizona,  Me.xico  &  Gulf  of  California  Railroad 


per,    Provodora,   Lista    Blanca,   and    the 
Coveta  mines. 

Port  Lobos 

Port  Lobos,  the  West  Coast  port,  has 
deep  water  close  to  the  shore  line,  and 
the  conditions  are  such  that  it  will  be  easy 
to  build  wharves  or  piers  parallel  with, 
and  I. SO  or  200  ft.  from  shore  line.     This 


thus  affording  ample  room  for  railroad 
yard  and  pier  approaches.  Port  Lobos 
bay  and  the  gulf  of  California  abound 
in  fish,  which  should  result  in  making  a 
considerable  livelihood  for  the  future  in- 
habitants of  Port  Lobos,  and  possible  bus- 
iness for  the  railroad.  The  total  length  of 
the  road  when  completed  will  be  about 
225  miles. 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


369 


^Inew  publications  tJ 


Transactions  of  the  American  Insti- 
tute OF  Chemical  Engineers,  Vol- 
ume II,  1909.  S6.  D.  Van  Nostrand 
Company,    New    York. 

Rhodesia  Chamber  of  Mines  (Incor- 
porated), Fifteenth  Annual  Re- 
port, for  the  Year  1909.  Published 
at  Bulawayo,   Rhodesia. 

The  Mining  Industry  in  1909  and 
Alaska  Coal  and  Its  Utilization. 
By  Alfred  H.  Brooks.  U.  S.  Geolog- 
ical Survey,  Bulletin  442-A,  1910. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Surface  Water  Supply  of  the  United 
States,  1907-8.  Part  XI.  California. 
Prepared  under  the  direction  of 
M.  O.  Leighton  by  W.  B.  Clapp  and 
W.  F.  Martin.  U.  S.  Geological  Sur- 
vey, Water-Supply  Paper  251,  1910. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Bibliography  of  North  Carolina  Ge- 
ology, Mineralogy  and  Geography 
WITH  A  List  of  Maps.  By  Francis 
B.  Laney  and  Katherine  Hill  Wood. 
Bull.  No.  18.  1909.  North  Carolina 
Geological  and  Economic  Survey, 
Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 
I  Gold  Production  and  Future  Prices. 
i|  By   Harrison    H.   Brace.     SI. 50.     New- 

York:  The  Bankers  Publishing  Com- 
pany. 
This  contribution    to  a   great   question 

of   the    day     is    interesting,    although    it 

does  not  throw  much  light  upon  its  sub- 
ject. 

Investigations  of  Coal  Fields  in  Colo- 
rado and  New  Mexico  by  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey 
In  1908.  By  G.  O.  Martin,  C.  W. 
Washburne,  M.  I.  Goldman,  G.  B. 
Richardson  and  J.  H.  Gardner.  Bull. 
381-A,  Contributions  to  Economic 
Geology,  1908,  Part  III.  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

Geological  Notes,  by  G.  Henricksen, 
Crnndahl    &    Son,    Christiania,    Nor- 

Iway. 
This  is  published  as  a  supplement  and 
also  to  rectify  tw-o  former  publications 
of  the  author,  entitled:  "On  the  Iron  Ore 
Deposits  in  Sydvaranger,  Finmarken, 
Norway  and  Relative  Geological  Prob- 
lems" (1902)  and  "Sundry  Geological 
Problems"    (1900). 

The  Pottery  Clays  of  Mississippi.  By 
William  N.  Logan.  Mississippi  State 
Geological  Survey,  Bull.  No.  (5.  1909. 

H  Jackson,   Miss. 

Contents:  Origin  and   use:   chemistry; 
mineralogy;    geology;    physical    proper- 
ties; mining,  transportation  and  storage; 
processes   of  preparation    and   manufac- 
ture; clays  of  the  Tuscaloosa  formation; 
clays  of  the  Wilcox   formation. 
Maryland  Geological  Survey    Reports. 
Volumes  VII  and  VIII.   W.  B.  Clark. 
State  Geologist.  Baltimore,  Md. 
Volume  VII  is  a  rennrt  on  the  re-survey 


of  the  Maryland-Pennsylvania  boundary, 
part  of  the  Mason  and  Dixon  Line.  Vol- 
ume VIII  contains  the  second  report  on 
State  highway  construction,  and  a  review 
of  Maryland  mineral  industries,  1896- 
1907,  the  latter  by  W.  B.  Clark  and  E.  B. 
Matthews. 

AliNKRALOGiE    Pratique    a    L'Usace    des 
Prospfcteurs.    By  J.  Obalski.    50c. 
Librairie  Beauchemin  Limitee,  Mon- 
treal. 
This    handy    little    volume    written    in 
French  by  the  former  chief  of  the  Que- 
bec   Bureau   of   Mines   is   intended    as   a 
handbook    for   Canadian   prospectors   for 
whom    English    works   along   these    lines 
are    not    available.      In    addition     to     the 
usual  geological  and  mineralogical  data, 
there   are   included   brief  reviews   of  the 
important    mineral    deposits    of    Quebec 
and  Ontario;  also  a  list  giving  the  Eng- 
lish   and    French   equivalents   of   various 
mining   terms. 

Self-taught  Mechanical  Drawing  and 
Elementary   Machine   Design,   by 
F.  L.  Sylvester;  with  Additions,  by 
Erik  Oberg.     S2.      New  York:   Nor- 
man W.  Henley  Publishing  Company. 
Contents:     Instruments  and    materials; 
definitions  of  terms  used  in  geometrical 
drawing;    geometrical    problems;    projec- 
tion;  working  drawings;   algebraic   form- 
ulas; elements  of  trigonometry;  elements 
of  mechanics;  first  principles  of  strength 
of     materials;    cams;    sprocket    wheels; 
general  principles  of  gearing;  calculating 
the   dimensions   of  gears;   cone   pulleys; 
bolts,   studs   and   screws;    couplings   and 
clutches;   shafts,   belts   and   pulleys;    fly- 
wheels for  presses,  punches,  etc.;   trains 
of  mechanism;  quick  return  motions. 

Applied    Mechanics    Embracing 
Strength    and   Elasticity   of   Ma- 
terials,   Theory    and    Design    of 
Structures,   Theory  of   Machines 
and   Hydraulics.      By   David    Allan 
Low.    Longmans,  Green  &  Company. 
After    giving    a    preliminary    summary 
of  the  mathematical  knowledge  useful  for 
the   study   of  applied   mechanics,  and   of 
its    bibliography,    the    author    treats    the 
various  subdivisions  of  the  subject,  devel- 
oping the  necessary  equations.    The  prac- 
tical application  of  the  principles  of  me- 
chanics   to    concrete    examples    is    made 
and  many  useful  exercises  are  given  for 
the  student.    The  book  is  so  broad  in  its 
scope  and  contains  so  much  detailed  in- 
formation   that    it    should    be    useful    to 
mechanical  engineers. 
Brazil   in    1909.      By   J.    O.    Oakcnfull. 
Brazilian    Government     Commission 
of   Propaganda    and    Economic    Ex- 
pansion. 
The  book  is  an  interesting  but  inade- 
quate presentation   of  the   resources  and 
possibilities  of  the  Brazilian  republic.     It 
reviews    the    social    and    economic    con- 
ditions of  that  country  and  presents  brief 
and  incomplete  chapters  on  the   natural 
resources;  the  chapter  on  "Geology  and 


Mineralogy"  intending  to  cover  the  min- 
eral resources  of  the  country  is  particu- 
larly unsatisfactory  owing  to  the  general 
and  insufficient  character  of  the  informa- 
tion offered.  Perhaps  this  is  unavoidable, 
but  it  would  seem  that  in  this  day  with 
the  facilities  for  investigation  that  are 
available  to  all  countries  that  the  Bra- 
zilian government  should  have  at  least 
taken  some  measure  of  its  mineral  wealth 
and  should  have  available  fairly  com- 
plete data  concerning  the  possibilities  in 
connection  with  its  great  resources.  The 
publication  states  that  there  are  66  Brit- 
ish mining  companies  owning  properties 
in  Brazil  and  that  the  capital  involved 
amounts  to  £8,000,000.  In  addition  to 
this  there  is  considerable  American  capi- 
tal engaged  in  the  country,  principally  in 
exploration  enterprises.  The  opportunities 
for  foreign  capital  to  engage  in  the  ex- 
ploitation of  the  Brazilian  mineral  de- 
posits are  undoubtedly  great  and  it  would 
appear  that  the  Government  could  well 
afford  to  give  encouragement  to  the  for- 
eign capital  seeking  mining  investments 
in  South  America.  The  book  is  one  of  the 
few  publications  available  on  Brazil  and 
is  interesting  and  valuable  on  that  ac- 
count. 

Corrosion    and    Preservation    of    Iron 
and  Steel,  by  Allerton  S.  Cushman 
and    Henry   A.   Gardner.     S4.     New 
York;     McGraw-Hill      Book      Com- 
pany. 
This  important  and  practical  contribu- 
tion to  a  subject  about  which  there  has 
been  little  written  in  a  competent  way  is 
the  work  of  men  especially  prepared  to 
treat  the  subject  in  all  its  aspects.  Doctor 
Cushman  is  chemist  of  the  United  States 
Department     of     Agricultural     and     Mr. 
Gardner  is  director  of  the  Scientific  Sec- 
tion  of  the    Paint    Manufacturers'   Asso- 
ciation  of  the   United   States.     Both   the 
authors  have  had  extensive  scientific  ex- 
perience and  have  back  of  this  also  ex- 
haustive    practical     investigations     made 
by    them    for    the    Government    and    for 
private    interests. 

The  authors  hold  to  the  electrolytic 
theory  of  corrosion  and  at  the  same  time 
give  a  clear  statement  of  other  theories. 
This  part  of  the  book  is  of  great  theoreti- 
cal interest  and  will  arouse  some  discus- 
sion. The  subsequent  chapters  include  re- 
liable data  as  to  the  value  of  the  various 
paint  preparations  as  preservatives,  and  a 
discussion  of  other  methods  by  which  the 
rust  problem  is  met.  The  book  is  of 
value  to  all  lines  of  industry  for  the  prob- 
lem of  corrosion  is  ever  present  in  con- 
nection with  machinery  and  steel  build- 
ings. It  would  have  been  interesting  if 
the  authors  had  added  to  the  book  a 
chapter  on  the  treatment  and  preserva- 
tion and  the  life  of  structural  iron  in 
connection  with  mining,  and  some  data 
as  to  the  methods  and  problems  involved 
in  the  handling  of  the  acid  water  which 
is  frequently  an  important  problem  in 
connection  with  mining  operations. 


370 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


Modern    Methods    in    a    Coal    Tipple 

Description  of  a  Modern  Tipple  Where  Uptodate  Methods  of  Treat- 
ment Give  an  Increase   in  Value  of    16c.   per   Ton  of   Coal   Produced 


B  Y 


HENRY 


The  demand  from  consumers  generally 
and  more  especially  from  the  uptodate 
engineers  of  important  power  plants,  for 
the  highest  quality  as  well  as  a  uniform 
sizing  and  grading  of  coal,  has  been 
brought  about  for  the  reason  that  it  will 
produce  a  more  even  heat  and  increase 
the  boiler  capacity.  It  has  been  thorough- 
ly tested  and  is  an  acknowledged  fact 
that  better  grades  of  coal  evaporate  more 
water  per  pound  than  unsized  coal  and 
when  the  impurities  are  not  removed. 

The  consumer  looks  for  that  coal  in 
which  each  pound  presents  a  maximum 
of  burning  surface  and  yet  is  not  too 
small  in  size  but  that  the  draft  of  burn- 


HARRISON 


folk  &  Western  Railway  and  about  10 
miles  east  of  Welch,  W.  Va.,  the  property 
of  the  Empire  Coal  and  Coke  Company. 
This  tipple  stands  out  as  a  monument 
to  the  business  enterprise  of  the  directors 
of  that  organization  and  a  credit  to  the 
engineers  of  the  company  who  furnished 
the  buildings  and  machinery.  .  In  the 
valley,  stretching  along  the  tracks  on  the 
side  of  the  tipple  are  the  coke  ovens  in- 
to which  the  products  of  the  mines  are  in 
part  diverted,  and  on  the  other  side  of 
the  tipple  and  as  part  of  it  are  the  coal- 
dust  bins  under  which  run  the  coke  lar- 
ries  on  an  elevated  track  for  bringing 
the  dust  over  the  railway  tracks  around 


tipple  displaced  an  old  one  on  the  same 
site — the  old  tipple  being  torn  down  as 
the   new  one   took  its  place. 

Figs.  1  and  2  show  a  full  view  of  the 
tipple  situated  along  the  hillside.  Figs. 
3  and  4  show  the  plan  and  elevation  of 
the  entire  tipple.  The  unique  features 
and  mechanical  methods  of  handling  are 
hereafter  described,  beginning  with  the 
arrival  of  the  coal  at  the  dump-house  in 
steel  cars.  Fig.  2  was  taken  from  the 
east  side  of  the  tipple  and  gives  a  com- 
prehensive view  of  this  part  of  the  build- 
ing. 

The  entire  tipple  is  of  steel  construc- 
tion   covered    with    noncorroding    corru- 


FiG.   1.  Front  \'ie\\   of  Empire  Tifile,   Showing 
Trestling  for  Larry  Tracks 


Showing  Ea^t  End  of-   Tiitll   .\.M)  Railway  Cars 
Being  Loaded  Ready  for  Shipment 


ing  is  kept  freely  and  uniformly  open 
between  the  lumps.  This  demand  for 
uniform  sizes  and  various  mixtures  of 
uniform  sizes  in  the  same  and  different 
coals  has  naturally  created  an  effort  on 
the  part  of  the  mine  owner  to  meet  that 
demand.  Some  coal  operators  have  only 
in  part  met  the  demand  and  are  receiving 
less  money  for  their  output  than  the  more 
sagacious  operator  who  has  equipped  him- 
self with  an  uptodate  coal  tipple,  thereby 
enabling  him  to  meet  every  demand  of 
the  trade,  from  the  less  popular  "run-of- 
mine,"  to  the  finely  graded  and  blended 
steam  coal  demanded  for  Government 
tests. 

Description  of  Tipple 

In  the  preparation  of  this  art'cle  I  will 
deal  only  with  the  handling  of  the  coal 
after  it  comes  from  the  mine  and  de- 
scribe one  of  the  most  modern  tipples 
that  has  ever  been  installed,  located  at 
Landgraff  on  the  main   line  of  the   Nor- 


the  tipple  building  to  the  coke  ovens, 
while  in  the  background  of  the  sparse- 
ly-timbered hillside  are  to  be  seen  trains 
of  loaded  and  empty  cars  leading  down 
to  the  tipple  from  the  mines  nearby  and 
up  the  valley. 

Tipple  Designed  to  Minimize  Breakage 
The  tipple  was  designed  primarily  for 
the  economical  handling  of  No.  3  Poca- 
hontas vein  coal,  which  being  of  a  very 
friable  nature  necessitated  precaution  be- 
ing taken  in  every  part  of  the  equipment 
to  handle  the  coal  as  carefully  as  pos- 
sible so  as  to  minimize  the  breakage, 
beginning  from  the  time  that  the  coal 
leaves  the  mines  until  it  is  loaded  down 
into  the  railway  cars  for  shipment. 

The  majority  of  the  photographs  il- 
lustrating this  article  were  made  during 
the  period  of  construction  before  the 
plant  was  put  into  full  operation;  partial 
operation,  prior  to  the  completion,  being 
necessary  due   to   the   fact   that   the   new 


gated  iron.  The  structure  and  framework 
are  built  substantially  to  carry  the  enor- 
mous weight.  Every  detail  is  carefully 
worked  out  and  built  in  the  most  prac- 
tical manner.  The  entire  structure  and 
equipment  is  entirely  fireproof  with  the 
exception  of  several  wooden  walkways 
that  are  placed  around  the  machinery  and 
which  were  built  of  wood  for  the  reason 
that  it  is  lighter  in  weight,  more  economi- 
cal and  considered  more  satisfactory  for 
■  this  purpose. 

Dumping  the  Coal  from  the  Mine 
Fig.  5  illustrates  an  inside  view  of  the 
dump  house.  The  track  entering  this 
house  is  situated  at  approximately  the 
same  level  as  the  pit  mouth  and  in  the 
same  position  as  the  tracks  at  (he  former 
tipple.  This  house  is  also  constructed 
of  steel,  being  24  ft.  long  by  19  ft. 
wide  and  of  ample  room  to  allow  the 
placing  of  two  Phillips  automatic  cross- 
over dumps.     It  is   here   where  the  coat 


August  20,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


371 


is  deliverea  from  the  mine  cars  and  dis-  of  coal  discharged  to  the  conveyer  may 

charged  into  the  receiving  hopper  placed  be  varied. 

directly   underneath   if  and   illustrated   in  r^  ,,  c ^„^ 

"        „.,.,.            •  •        1,             1,       „  Conveyer  FROAt  Dump  House  to  Screens 
Fig.    8.      This    receivmg    hopper    has    a 

capacity  of  10  tons  and  is  equipped  with  Fig.  9  shows  the  coal  being  discharged 

an  automatic  plate-feeding  device   inde-  from    the    hopper   to   the    conveyer   and 


carrying  flights  12  in.  by  5  ft.  wide, 
spaced  3  ft.  apart.  The  trough  through 
which  this  scraper  conveyer  pushes  the 
coal  consists  of  H-\n.  flanged  steel  sup- 
ported by  the  floor  system  of  the  scraper 
line.     The   rollers   for  the   chain  on   the 


r.-x: 


Fig.  3.  Showing  Plan  of  Tipple  and  General  Arrangement  of  Machinery 


^-UJl-'^-^M I..J        I r.TS [ l^~fStS 

ri'-t'-H^      -H--  -.. 11- .,-X--H-.-«L7-'6'J  h-W'T" 


JrtJ-* 


^H^  1  -:7Sa-5-  ■  — + — M-l 

Section  of  Chutes  under  Bin 
taken  on  Center  of  Tipple. 

Fig.  4.    Elevation  of  Tipple,  Showing  Elevators,  Chutes  and  Screens 


ttjtt  SmgiMmrt^  4  Mintitg  Jvumal 


pendently  driven  by  a  10-h.p.  motor.  The 
I  latter  is  fully  protected  and  inclosed  in 
the  pit  directly  underneath  the  hopper. 
This  feeder  is  equipped  with  complete 
but  simple  mechanism  enabling  a  vari- 
able length  of  travel  so  that  the  amount 


part  of  the  conveyer  line  which  is  129 
ft.  long  inclined  downward  at  a  pitch  of 
4' J  deg..  extending  from  the  dump  house 
to  the  screens.  This  conveyer  is  termed 
a  scraper  conveyer,  being  constructed  with 
two  strands  of  steel-thimble  roller  chain 


carrying  strands  are  supported  on  steel- 
bearing  strips  riveted  at  the  top  of  the 
trough.  On  the  returning  strand  this 
rests  on  "T"  rails  which  are  carried  on 
the  framework  of  the  steel  structure. 
Corrugated   iron   is  used   in  the   outside 


372 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


construction  of  this  conveyer-line  house. 
Walkways  are  also  provided  on  both 
sides  of  this  conveyer. 

Fig.  6  shows  the  long  line  of  this  con- 
veyer; also  the  return  chain  on  the  top. 
The  automatic-oiling  device  may  be 
noticed  in  this  photograph  on  the  top 
strand  thoroughly  lubricating  the  pins  of 
the  chains.  The  head  end  or  discharge 
part  of  this  conveyer  extends  to  the 
screen  house. 

Fig.  10  shows  the  end  of  this  scraper 
line  with  returning  strands  as  well  as  the 
speed-changing  gears.  This  part  of  the 
tipple  is  termed  the  steel  tower  and  is 
constructed  to  form  a  machinery  house 
of  ample  size  to  allow  the  driving  mech- 
anism of  the  conveyer.     Ample   room   is 


ing  screens.     The   arrangement  of  these 
shaking  screens  is  shown  in   Fig.  7. 

The  first  one  of  these  screens,  or 
where  the  coal  is  discharged  by  the 
conveyer  line,  is  8  ft.  wide  by  34  ft.  long 
with  26-ft.  length  of  Jeffrey  cross-patent 
flange-lipped  screens.  After  the  coal 
passes  over  this  screen,  all  the  slack  and 
fine  coal  is  removed,  allowing  the  lump 
coal  to  pass  on  to  the  lump-picking  table, 
the  slack  falling  directly  to  the  slack-stor- 
age bin  shown  in  the  sectional  drawing. 
Fig.  4.  The  second  screen  is  8  ft.  wide 
and  17  ft.  long  and  has  14  ft.  length  of 
perforations  for  separating  egg  coal.  Both 
the  first  and  second  screens  are  fitted 
with  veils  for  handling  "run-of-mine" 
coal  when  the  slack  is  not  to  be  removed. 


through  belts.  Each  eccentric  shaft 
drives  a  pair  of  shaking  screens  through 
wooden  connecting  rods.  These  screens 
are  suspended  in  a  separate  building  so 
arranged  that  the  pitch  of  the  individual 
screens  can  be  varied  from  12  to  18  deg., 
should  it  become  necessary  on  account 
of  a  change  in  the  character  of  the  coal. 
No  change,  however,  has  been  necessary 
in  the  adjustment  of  these  screens  since 
they  were  put  in  place  nearly  a  year  ago. 
The  angles  at  which  they  were  installed 
were  determined  by  experimenting  on 
this  particular  grade  of  coal.  The  ad- 
justment of  the  angles  of  the  screens  is 
obtained  by  having  the  upper  ends  of 
hangers  mounted  in  bearings,  the  latter 
being  adjustable  vertically. 


FiG.  5.    Interior  View  of  Dump  House  with  Loaded  Car 
Ready  to  Be  Discharged  into  Steel  Hopper 


Fig.  6.  View  of  Scraper-conveyer  Line,    Showing 
the  Return  Chain  at  Top 


provided  to  allow  any  of  the  shafts  or 
gears  of  the  conveyer  to  be  removed 
without  disturbing  the  main  structure. 
Chain  blocks  are  provided  to  remove, 
when  necessary,  any  of  the  frames  of 
the  motors  or  armatures. 

Screening  and  Separating  the  Coal 

The  coal  is  passed  along  from  the 
scraper  conveyers  to  the  shaking  screens; 
the  arrangement  of  same  will  be  noticed 
in  the  sectional  drawing.  There  are  four 
separate  shaking  screens,  three  of  which 
are  placed  end  to  end  forming  a  con- 
tinuous line  passing  the  coal  along  to 
the  lump-picking  tables.  The  fourth 
screen  is  placed  under  the  second  and 
third  of  the  above-mentioned  three  shak- 


The  third  screen  is  constructed  as  a 
shaking  chute  transferring  the  lump  coal 
from  the  second  screen  to  the  picking 
table.  The  fourth  screen  handles  the 
coal  dropping  from  the  second  screen 
and  is  constructed  to  combine  s'creening 
as  well  as  acting  as  a  shaking  chute. 
This  screen  makes  nut  coal  which  passes 
to  a  revolving  screen  as  shown  in  Fig.  12. 
From  this  revolving  screen  the  nut  coal 
chutes  to  the  nut  picking  table  as  shown 
in  Fig.  11.  The  latter  photograph  was 
taken  at  a  time  when  this  picking  table 
was  nearly  empty. 

The  power  for  these  shaking  screens  is 
furnished  by  a  75-h.p.  motor  located  on 
a  platform  below  the  first  screen  and 
transmitted     to     two     eccentric     shafts 


The   Screen   House 

The  screen  house  is  built  especially 
strong  to  withstand  the  constant  vibra- 
tion of  the  shaking  screens,  being  con- 
structed entirely  of  steel  and  occupying 
a  separate  building  from  the  rest  of  the 
tipple.  The  supports  consist  of  struct- 
ural-steel trusses  and  rest  in  front  of 
the  tipple.  The  framework  of  this  screen 
building  extends  through  the  main  bund- 
ing and  does  not  come  in  contact  with 
any  portion  of  the  main  building.  This 
method  of  construction  was  adopted  for 
the  reason  that  the  vibration  of  the 
screens  is  confined  only  to  the  frames 
from  which  the  shakers  are  suspended 
and  will  not  affect  any  other  part  of  the 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


373 


tipple.  The  coal  passes  over  these 
screens  readily,  effecting  as  perfect  a 
grading  and  sizing  of  the  coal  as  is  de- 
sired, the  fall  being  gradual,  reducing  the 
breakage  to  a  minimum.  By  careful  ob- 
servation the  breakage  is  considered 
much  less  than  in  any  other  gravity  hand- 
ling and  screening  methods  that  are  be- 
ing used,  although  this  method  is  de- 
signed to  allow  coal  to  continue  at  an 
absolutely  constant  rate. 


charged  from  the  screens,  it  continues 
along  on  these  picking  tables  directly  to 
the  loading  booms.  The  average  picking 
length  of  these  tables  reaches  36  ft.,  al- 
lowing the  pickers  to  work  on  both  sides, 
separating  the  bone  and  slate,  conven- 
iently passing  the  latter  to  the  floor  over 
the  refuse  conveyers.  During  the  inter- 
mission of  loading  due  to  the  lack  of  con- 
tinuity in  the  supply  of  coal  to  the  shak- 
ers, the    faulty  coal   is  trimmed   and   the 


the  car;  the  boom  is  mounted  on  a  pivot 
at  one  of  its  ends  in  the  picking  house 
and  has  its  other  end  supported  by  an 
electric  hoist.  In  addition  to  the  weight 
of  this  boom,  consisting  of  steel  frame- 
work and  moving  parts,  it  is  also  bal- 
anced by  counterweights  placed  outside 
of  the  picking  house  shown  in  Fig.  2,  and 
so  arranged  that  the  hoist  need  carry  but 
a  small  portion  of  the  weight  of  the  coal 
which   is  on  the  boom  when  loaded. 


FIG.  7.  Showing  End  of  Shaker  Screens  ^X^HERE  They  D.s-        Fia  8.  Interior  of  Dump  House,  Showing  Steel  Crusher 


CHARGE   TO    THE    PiCKINC    TABLES 


Feeder  and  Dump  Hopper 


Fig.  9.   Shows  the  Coal  Issuing  from  Hopper 
TO  Scraper  Conveyer 


Fig.  10.   View  of  Rkturn  Chain,  Also  Speed- 
changing  Gears  on  Conveyer 


l-'<^n.  Lump  and  Nut  Picking  Tables 
The  various  grades  of  coal  pass  from 
[he  screens  directly  to  the  three  picking 
lables  called  egg,  lump  and  nut  respec- 
lively.  These  picking  tables  are  con- 
litructed  as  metal  apron  conveyers  con- 
sisting of  double-beaded  flights  mounted 
l>n  two  strands  of  chain  operating  at  a 
•peed  of  from  25  to  50  ft.  per  min.  as  de- 
j'ired.  These  picking  tables  are  located 
It  an  average  hight  of  24  ft.  above  the 
■ailroad   track,   and   as   the   coal    is   dis- 


refusc  taken  away  by  the  conveyers  for 
this  purpose  while  the  cleaned  coal  is 
passed  along  on  the  tables  on  the  next 
run.  Both  the  egg  and  lump  picking 
tables  are  provided  with  adjustable  load- 
ing booms  which  can  be  raised  and  low- 
ered in  the  car. 

Loading  Lump  and  Egg  with  Adjusta- 
ble Loading  Boom 

Fig.  13  shows  the  method  of  construc- 
tion of  the  end  of  this  boom.  The  con- 
veyer   discharges    the    coal    directly    to 


The  main  utility  of  this  loading  boom 
reduces  the  breakage  to  the  minimum 
when  the  coal  drops  to  the  car.  The 
booms  are  adjustable  and  when  begin- 
ning to  fill  an  empty  car,  they  may  be 
placed  very  close  to  the  bottom  of  the 
car  and  gradually  raised  when  the  car 
fills;  in  fact,  the  boom  is  so  arranged  that 
it  barely  clears  the  coal  at  all  times  while 
loading. 

The  usual  method  adopted  for  loading 
a  train  of  cars  quickly  may  be  described 
as  follows:    When  the  cone  of  coal  is  es- 


J74 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


tabhshed  in  one  end  of  the  car,  the  car 
is  moved  forward  as  it  fills  up.  In  this 
way,  the  level  of  the  boom  remains  con- 
stant although  the  boom  rises  or  falls  as 
is  necessary.  Fig.  16  shows  an  inside 
view  of  the  tipple  with  the  lump  picking 
table  on  the  right  and  the  egg  picking 
table  on  the  left,  discharging  into  cars. 

The  nut  picking  table  is  operated  sim- 
ilarly to  the  two  lump  and  egg  picking 
tables  just  described  with  the  exception 
that  it  is  not  provided  with  a  lowering 
boom,  the  nut  and  slack  coal  being  load- 
ed through  ordinary  spouts  as  the  break- 
age in  loading  these  sizes  is  small. 

Disposition    of    Refuse 
The  refuse  conveyers  are  run  parallel 
to   and   between   the  picking  tables   but 


Handling  the  Slack  Coal 

The  slack  which  issues  from  the  first 
shaking  screen,  as  previously  stated,  is 
delivered  to  the  200-ton  slack-storage 
bin.  There  are  two  systems  of  conveying 
the  slack  from  this  storage  tank.  Most 
of  the  slack  is  transferred  by  a  scraper 
conveyer  to  the  pulverizer  house  under- 
neath it,  where  the  slack  passes  through 
a  36x42-in.  Jeffrey  swing-hammer  pul- 
verizer and  is  reduced  to  uniform  fine- 
ness for  coking  and  deposited  by  a  90-ft. 
bucket  elevator  into  a  25-ft.  diameter  cyl- 
indrical steel  larry  bin,  shown  at  the 
west  end  of  the  tipple.  From  the  larry 
bin  the  pulverized  coal  is  discharged  di- 
rectly into  the  larries,  which  run  on  a 
circular  steel  trestle,  feeding  two  benches 


Mixing  Coal 

The  mixing  conveyer,  running  across 
the  entire  picking  house  and  receiving 
coal  from  any  of  the  picking  tables,  may 
be  seen  in  Fig.  15.  It  consists  of  a 
double  line'  of  twin  scraper  conveyers 
attached  to  two  strands  of  chain,  making, 
in  fact,  two  conveyers  side  by  side,  run- 
ning at  the  same  speed  and  having  a 
common  set  of  drive  and  tail  sprockets. 
By  means  of  this  cross  conveyer,  or  as 
it  is  commonly  termed,  the  mixing  con- 
veyer, the  three  sizes  of  coal,  egg,  nut  or 
slack,  can  be  mixed  in  any  proportions 
with  each  other  or  with  lump  coal  and  can 
bt  discharged  on  either  of  the  first  two 
loading  tracks  with  lowering  booms. 


Fig.  11.  Showing  a  View  of  the  Nut  Picking  Table.  Photo-     Fig.  12.   Revolving  Screen  Handling  the  Pine  Coal.  NUT 
GRAPH  Taken  When  Table  Was  Nearly  Empty  Coal  Discharging  from  Chute  to  Nut  Picking  Table 


convey  in  the  opposite  direction  to  them. 
The  customary  method  is  to  allow  the 
conveyer  to  be  filled  up  for  a  space  im- 
mediately under  the  picking  table  and 
when  the  refuse  piles  up,  the  conveyer 
is  moved  ahead  far  enough  to  allow  new 
space  for  additional  refuse. 

The  refuse  conveyers  are  constructed 
similarly  to  the  conveyers  usfed  on  the 
main  picking  tables,  and  are  of  double- 
beaded  steel  apron  type,  discharging 
refuse  into  a  steel  refuse  bin  located 
above  one  of  the  railway  tracks  where  this 
refuse  may  be  loaded  on  cars  by  means  of 
chutes  and  delivered  to  the  refuse  dumps. 
These  conveyers  are  driven  by  an  electric 
motor  located  at  the  top  of  the  larry  bin. 


of  beehive  coke  ovens,  which  are  placed 
on  the  east  end  of  the  tipple  and  may  be 
noted  in  Fig.  2.  All  the  bins  are  con- 
structed of  steel  plate  and  are  protected 
on  their  inner  surface  with  a  3-in.  layer 
of  Portland-cement  plaster  applied  on 
expanded  metal  lathe  fastened  to  studs 
which  are  attached  to  the  main  shell  of 
the    tanks. 

A  rubber  belt  conveyer  is  also  used  for 
handling  this  slack  direct  from  the  slack 
bin.  Fig.  14  shows  this  rubber  belt  con- 
veyer 32  in.  wide,  delivering  the  slack 
to  the  cross  conveyer,  which  runs  across 
the  entire  picking  house  immediately  over 
the  delivering  end  of  the  loading  booms 
and  allowing  the  slack  to  be  mixed  with 
the  other  grades  of  coal  when  necessary. 


The  Lowering  Booms 
In  addition  to  this  conveying  systein. 
the  lowering  booms  are  so  arranged  that 
they  may  be  discharged  into  the  above 
mentioned  cross  conveyer,  which  in  turn 
is  also  arranged  so  that  it  may  be  dis- 
charged back  to  the  other  loading  boom. 
The  discharge  chutes  for  the  cross  con- 
veyer and  the  loading  booms  are  so  con- 
nected that  the  chutes  and  the  booms 
rise  and  fall  in  unison,  delivering  coal 
in  exactly  the  same  place  when  loading 
the  cars  Furthermore,  by  various  ar- 
rangements of  the  cross  conveyer,  any 
kind  of  coal  desired  can  be  dumped  into 
the  local  service  or  wagon  bin  which  is 
located  at  the  end  of  the  cross  conveyer, 
from  which  coal   is  drawn   for  domestic 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


375 


puiposes  to  supply  the  local  trade  in  the 
town. 

The  conveyer  line,  pulverizer  and  ele- 
vator are  each  designed  for  a  capacity 
of  100  tons  of  slack  coal  per  hour  and 
each  unit  is  driven  by  an  independent 
motor.  The  motors  for  the  scraper  and 
pulverizer  are  located  in  a  motor  house 
immediately  alongside  the  pulverizer 
house. 


located  on  the  bridge  which  crosses  the 
picking  house  just  in  front  of  the  hinged 
joint  of  the  loading  boom.  This  operator 
has  before  him  the  controllers  for  rais- 
ing and  lowering  the  booms  and  the 
clutches  for  operating  the  picking  tables 
on  the  booms.  On  each  side  of  his  stand, 
the  operator  has  a  distributing  panel  con- 
sisting of  a  switchboard  on  which  are 
located  the  switch  controllers,  fuses  and 


scraper  line,  also  stop  the  dump,  which 
prevents  the  feeder  filling  the  pit  at  the 
tail  of  the  scraper  line  and  prevents  any 
mishap  which  might  occur  if  the  scraper 
line  were  stopped  while  dumping  con- 
tinued. 

The  following  units  are  controlled  by 
the  operator  on  the  bridge;  the  feeder, 
the  scraper  conveyer,  shaking  and  re- 
volving screens,  conveying  picking  tables. 


Fic.  13.   End  of  Lump  Picking  Table  Which  Is 
Termed  Adjustable  Loading  Boom 


Fig.  14.  Jeffrey  Rubber-belt  Conveyer  Carrying 
Slack  Coal  from  Slack  Bin 


Fig.  15.  Another  End  of  Picking  Housf.,  Sho\«ing 
Cross  Conveyers  Used  for  Mixing  Coal 


Fig.  Hi.    Interior  View  of  Picki.nc  House.   Lump  Picking 
Table  in  Foreground.    Egg  Table  Further  in  Distance 


The  motor  for  driving  the  slack  ele- 
vator is  located  in  the  house  on  top  of 
the  larry  bin.  The  motor  house  on  the 
'lower  level  is  separated  from  the  pul- 
verizer house  by  an  air-tight  partition 
which  prevents  the  dust  coming  in  con- 
tact with  the  motor  and  also  prevents  an 
[explosion  of  dust   from  the  pulverizer. 

The  entire  mechanical  operation  of  the 
tipple  is  controlled  by  a  single  operator 


lights  which  enable  him  to  start  or  stop 
any  motor  in  the  tipple  and  to  see  what 
lines  are  alive  or  dead. 

The  motors  driving  the  reciprocating 
feeder  in  the  dump  house  and  the  first 
scraper  line,  are  so  connected  with  each 
other  that  the  man  at  the  dump  can,  if 
occasion  requires,  stop  the  scraper  line 
by  opening  a  knife  switch,  or  the  operator 
at  the  tipple    can,  by  shutting  down  the 


the  loading  booms,  the  cross  conveyer  or 
mixing  conveyer,  and  the  rubber-belt  con- 
veyer. The  refuse  conveyers  are  con- 
trolled from  the  picking  floor  immediately 
behind  the  bridge.  The  conveyer  under 
the  slack  tank  and  the  elevator  to  the 
larry  bin  from  the  pulverizer  form  an  in- 
dependent unit  from  the  other  part  of  the 
tipple  and  are  not  necessarily  charged  in 
conjunction  with  the  loading  of  cars,  but 


376 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


are  directly  operated  from  the  motor 
house;  the  latter  also  containing  motors 
for  driving  the  pulverizer  and  the  scrap- 
er conveyer  from  the  dump  house. 

The  automatic  feeder  and  conveying 
line  from  the  dump  house  as  well  as  the 
picking  tables,  the  refuse  conveyer,  the 
mixing  conveyer  and  rubher-belt  con- 
veyer, are  all  provided  with  two-speed 
sliding-gear  sets  with  clutch  levers  so 
arranged  that  they  can  be  operated  at 
only  half  speed  when  necessary.  After 
actually  testing  this  system,  it  has  been 
found  that  the  above  equipment  will 
handle  350  tons  per  hour  at  the  slow 
speed,  or  nearly  double  that  capacity  with 
the  high  speed.  The  screens  are  also  de- 
signed to  handle  750  tons  per  hour,  which 
has  been  accomplished  after  carefully 
testing  these  screens  when  running  at  92 
revolutions  of  the  eccentric  shafts  per 
minute. 

The  Lighting  of  the  Tipple  Is 
Excellent 

In  addition  to  the  mechanical  equip- 
ment described  herein,  every  convenience 
is  afforded  the  operator  as  well  as  the 
pickers  and  attendants.  Numerous  win- 
dows are  supplied  and  the  lighting  is  very 
ample  in  the  picking  house;  a  number  of 
skylights  are  placed  directly  over  the 
picking  tables. 

The  design  and  construction  of  the  en- 
tire system,  including  the  steel  buildings, 
was  executed  by  the  Jeffrey  Manufactur- 
ing Company,  and  I  am  indebted  to  its 
engineering  corps  for  the  photographs 
and  information. 

The  entire  tipple  spans  four  railroad 
tracks,  in  fact,  the  four  tracks  are  often 
used  for  loading  at  the  same  time.  The 
net  increase  on  the  value  of  one  ton  of 
coal  averages  between  IGc.  and  20c.,  al- 
though this  may  be  increased  as  the  out- 
put increases. 


Syrian  Phosphate  Deposits 


The  Production  of  Coal   in  Wash- 
ington during    1909 

Special  Correspondence 


During  the  year  1909,  there  were  48 
mines  producing  coal  in  the  State  of 
Washington.  The  total  production 
amounted  to  3,261,227  tons.  The  mines  of 
the  Northwestern  Improvement  Company, 
at  Roslyn,  continued  to  produce  the 
greatest  tonnage  of  coal.  Only  three 
companies  produced  coke,  and  the  total 
coke  output  during  the  year  amounted 
to  42,335  tons.  The  mines  operated  a 
total  of  272  days  during  the  year.  The 
total  number  of  inside  employees  was 
4420,  while  1305  men  were  employed  on 
the  surface.  Fatal  accidents  amounted 
to  39,  while  136  miners  were  injured. 
The  year's  fatalities  left  22  widows  and 
61  orphans.  Seven  mines  were  idle 
during  the  year. 


United  States  Vice-Consul  General 
Lucien  Memminger  says  that  there  is 
much  interest  in  the  proposed  conces- 
sion of  phosphate  lands  in  Syria,  which 
is  now  before  the  Turkish  Chamber  of 
Deputies. 

The  phosphate  deposits  must,  in  order 
to  be  exploited,  be  connected  by  a  branch 
line  of  25  miles  with  Annam,  on  the 
Hedjaz  line,  while  at  the  same  time  a 
harbor  must  be  constructed  at  Caiffa. 
The  cost  of  these  works  is  estimated  at 
$2,500,000,  which  the  concessionaires 
undertake  to  advance  to  the  Government 
at  3;/?  per  cent,  interest.  The  loan  is 
repayable  in  40  years,  which  is  the  dura- 
tion of  the  concession.  The  concession 
holders  will  pay  the  Government  S2.20 
on  each  ton  of  mineral  transported,  and 
undertake  to  transport  annually  at  least 
100.000  tons.  This  will  bring  in  3220,- 
000  annually  to  the  Government,  out  of 
which,  after  deducting  the  sum  necessary 
for  the  payment  of  the  interest  and  the 
redemption  of  the  loan,  the  latter  will 
have  a  surplus.  The  concessionaires  will 
also  have  to  pay  proportional  taxes  in 
accordance  with  the  mining  regulations, 
and  they  undertake  to  supply  the  native 
farmers  with  all  the  superphosphate  they 
require  at  cost  price.  The  building  of 
the  harbor  will  entail  the  reclamation  of 
500,000  sq.yd.  of  land,  half  of  which  will 
be  used  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary 
buildings,  the  other  half  belonging  to  the 
Government.  On  the  expiration  of  the 
concession  the  deposits,  the  railway  line, 
and  the  harbor  will  become  the  property 
of  the  State. 


Paint  Ores  in  Eastern  Pennsylvania 


Large  deposits  of  ocher  and  of  iron 
carbonate  adapted  to  paint  making  are 
found  in  eastern  Pennsylvania  in  Berks, 
Lehigh  and  Carbon  counties.  Recent  re- 
ports' of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 
sketch  the  geology  of  the  region  in  which 
the  deposits  are  found,  state  the  rela- 
tion, character  and  probable  origin  of  the 
beds,  and  describe  the  mining  operations. 

An  Ocher  Area 

A  belt  of  ocher  extending  from  Read- 
ing to  Allentown,  a  distance  of  36  miles, 
is  composed  principally  of  limonite  and 
occurs  in  irregular  m.asses  in  clay.  Ow- 
ing to  the  fluctuating  demand,  most  of  the 
deposits  are  worked  only  when  the  mar- 
ket price  is  high. 

A  Belt  of  Paint  Ore 

Beds  of  "paint  ore"  and  iron  carbonate 
containing  33  per  cent,  of  metallic  iron 
are  found  in  southern  Carbon  county  in 
an  east-west  strip  that  ranges  in  width 

^Uull.  4.30G  U.  S.  Gcol.  Surv. 


from  one-half  to  two  miles  and  is  about 
20  miles  long.  The  ore  occurs  in  a  2-ft. 
bed  and  lies  between  a  cement  rock  and 
a  clay  bed.  The  paint  made  from  it  is 
free  from  grit,  is  durable  and  requires  no 
dryer.  It  is  mixed  with  boiled  linseed  oil 
and  used  for  painting  ships,  railroad  cars, 
tin  roofs  and  other  metal  surfaces,  and 
also  as  a  filler  for  oilcloth  and  linoleum. 


The     Caucasian     Manganese 
Industry 


There  has  lately  been  much  comment 
in  the  Russian  press  regarding  the  men- 
ace to  the  Caucasian  manganese  industry 
growing  from  Indian  and  Brazilian  com- 
petition and  defective  business  methods 
in  Caucasia  itself.  A  correspondent  to 
the  Mining  Journal  gives  some  data  on 
the  cost  of  transportation  in  the  three 
countries  that  sheds  light  upon  the  Cau- 
casian situation. 

Production  Costs 

It  is  estimated  that  the  cost  of  produc- 
ing Caucasian  manganese  is  0.064c.  per 
lb.  and  of  delivering  to  the  railway,  0.043c. 
per  lb.  Transportation  over  the  narrow- 
gage  Chiaturia  branch  line  to  the  Cauca- 
sian trunk  railway,  for  a  distance  of  25.2 
miles,  costs  0.079c.  per  lb.  and  from 
Sharopon  to  the  port  of  Poti  0.023c.  per 
lb.,  for  91  ;>  miles.  Loading  and  trans- 
fer charges  are  0.018c.  per  lb.;  port  and 
other  expenses,  0.032c.  per  pound. 

The  freight  charges  (not  including  port 
charges)  on  Caucasian  manganese  are 
thus  0.12c.  per  lb.  or  0.001 13c.  per  pound- 
mile.  This  must  be  compared  with  a 
freight  rate  of  0.000214c.  per  pound-mile 
in  India  and  of  0.000I97c.  per  pound- 
mile  in  Brazil.  The  Indian  ore  is  carried 
for  491.5  miles  at  a  total  cost  of  0.105c. 
per  lb.;  the  Brazilian  348  miles  for 
0.068c.  per  lb.  The  freight  charge  is 
therefore  seen  to  be  less  on  both  the 
Brazilian  and  Indian  materials  than  on 
the  Caucasian,  although  the  latter  is 
only  transported  21.6  per  cent,  as  far  as 
the  Indian  output  and  30.6  per  cent,  the 
distance  of  that  from  Brazil. 

Transporting  Charges  High 

It   is  hoped   to  alleviate   conditions  In] 
the  Caucasian  industry,  either  by  reduc- 
ing  rates   on   the   Chiaturia   branch   line  | 
or  by  converting  the  ore   into   ferroman- 
ganese    for  export. 

Fuel  for  this  can  now  be  obtained 
in  Kutais,  and  the  government's  aid  is 
expected  in  exploiting  the  Tkvartchelskv 
coal  mines  and  connecting  them  to  Poti. 
It  is  figured  that  with  normal  freight  con- 
ditions the  cost  of  80  per  cent,  ferroman- 
ganese  in  London  would  be  1. 142c.  per 
lb.  The  price  of  English  ferroniangan- 
ese  averages  about  1.43c.  per  lb.,  thus 
leaving  a  fair  margin  for  profit  for  the 
Caucasian  production. 


Ai;gust  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


377 


i      PERSONAL      1 


.Mliiiim  and  riiuialhugiciil  I'lifiiiie' is  aio  in- 
vIkmI  Io  ki'i'ii  'I'liK  K.viii.NKKiiiM;  AMI  Mixing 
.Im  iiN.vi.  Iiilnruii'd  of  tlioir  inuveini'iils  and 
£p)iuliituieuts. 


There  will  shortly  be  a  vacancy  in  a 
junior  position  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
Journal.  .Applications  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  editor. 

M.  L.  Requa,  of  San  Francisco,  has 
been   in  New   York   this   week. 

Alexander  P.  Rogers,  of  New  York,  is 
in  Siberia  on  professional  work  until 
autumn. 

Karl  Brill,  of  New  York,  lately  ex- 
amined the  Fife  mine.  Boundary  dis- 
trict,  British   Columbia. 

John  G.  Worth  will  leave  New  York, 
Ai'g.  20,  on  a  professional  trip  to  Colo- 
rado, Utah,  Nevada.  California  and  Mex- 
ico. 

Quincy  A.  Shaw,  president  of  the  Calu- 
met &  Hecla  and  subsidary  properties,  is 
at  the  mines  on  a  periodical  visit  of  in- 
spection. 

R.  G.  McConnell,  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Canada,  is  doing  field  work  in 
the  Portland  Canal  district  in  British 
Columbia. 

C.  A.  Wettengel,  mechanical  engineer 
for  the  .American  Zinc,  Lead  and  Smelt- 
ing Company,  Caney,  Kan.,  has  returned 
from  a   European   trip. 

J.  B.  Tyrrell,  mining  engineer,  Toronto, 
Can.,  has  left  for  a  short  visit  to  London, 
where  his  address  will  be  care  of  tha 
IVlining  and  Metallurgical  Club. 

Frank  Cochrane.  Minister  of  Mines  for 
Ontario,  has  returned  from  a  three-weeks 
trip,  embracing  the  principal  mining  dis- 
tricts  m    northwestern    Ontario. 

James  MacNaughton,  general  manager 
of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla  and  subsidiary 
companies,  is  at  Boston  to  atti'nd  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  various  companies. 

A.  Bailey  has  resigned  his  position 
as  manager  of  the  Wettlaufer  mine,  South 
Lorrain,  his  place  being  taken  by  E.  Wett- 
laufer, a  brother  of  the  president  of  the 
company. 

A.  C.  Spencer,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey,  has  been  in  Ely,  Nev.,  for  about 
six  weeks  working  on  the  geology  of  the 
Ely  district  He  will  return  to  Washing- 
ton  this   month. 

J  de  Perpigna  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant to  A.  Fournier,  manager  for  the 
West  Kootenay  A'lining  Corporation,  Ltd., 
|tiaving  lately  arrived  at  Kaslo,  B.  C, 
^rom  Paris,  France. 

Capt.  J.  C.  Besley,  of  Hermosillo, 
.Max.,  is  visiting  in  New  York  and  vicinity 
for  a  few  yeeks.  He  will  sail  about  Sept. 
I  to  examine  gold  and  silver  properties  in 
l^ussia  for  an  English  syndicate. 

Howland  Bancroft,  of  the  U.  S.  Geo- 
igical  Survey,  is  in  Denver,  after  having 


completed  a  reconaissance  survey  of  the 
ore  deposits  of  northeastern  Washington. 
He  will  remain  in  Denver  until  Sept.  15. 
Frank  H.  Crockard,  of  Birmingham,' 
vice-president  and  general  manager  of 
the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad 
Cdmpany,  is  making  a  two  weeks'  trip 
through  the  Great  Lakes  and  Mesabi  iron 
ranges. 

R.  H.  Channing.  Jr.,  has  returned  from 
a  two  months'  trip  to  California,  where 
he  has  been  investigating  the  oil  busi- 
ness for  Eastern  interests.  He  has  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  consulting  engineer 
for  the  Utah  Consolidated  Alining  Com- 
pany. 

William  C.  Srthoriand,  for  the  last 
three  years  assistant  to  the  general  super- 
intendent, and  J.  T.  Towers,  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  open-hearth  depart- 
ment of  the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and 
Railroad  Company,  at  Ensley,  Ala.,  have 
resigned  and  will  be  succeeded  by  W.  D. 
Mathis  and  D.  Lilley,  respectively. 

The  President  has  appointed  the  fol- 
lowing delegates  to  the  thirteenth  annual 
American  Mining  Congress  to  be  held  in 
Los  Angeles  from  Sept.  26  to  Oct.  1 : 
John  Hays  Hammond,  New  York;  Curtis 
H.  Lindley,  San  Francisco;  Dr.  James 
Douglas,  New  York;  J.  Parke  Channing, 
New  York;  Dr.  H.  Foster  Bain,  San  Fran- 
cisco; Walter  R.  Ingalls,  New  York;  E. 
W.  Parker  and  E.  C.  Mendenhall,  of  the 
Geological  Survey,  Washington;  Joseph 
A.  Holmes,  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines; 
Washington,  and  George  S.  Rice,  Bureau 
of  Mines,  Pittsburg. 

Fergus  L.  Allan  has  resigned  as  super- 
intendent of  the  Mexico  Mines  of  El  Oro, 
having  decided  to  live  at  a  lower  altitude 
on  account  of  ill  health.  Mr.  Allan  had 
been  superintendent  of  the  Mexico  mine 
since  1902  and  on  leaving  was  presented 
with  a  gold  watch  and  fob  by  the  mem- 
bers of  the  staff.  Pending  the  return  of 
General  Manager  Main,  Mr.  Pickering, 
engineer  for  the  Exploration  Company  of 
London  and  Mexico,  has  been  appointed 
temporary  superintendent  of  the  Mexico 
mine.  It  is  understood  that  Mr.  Allan 
will  op"en  a  consulting  office  in  the  City 
of  Mexico  in  the  Mutual  Life  Assurance 
Company  building. 


afterward  he  had  charge  of  its  interests 
in  Mexico.  Later,  he  became  a  director 
of  the  British  Columbia  School  of  Mines 
at  Vaiicouver.  He  returned  to  Mexico, 
however,  and  remained  in  that  country 
Until   his  death. 


+     O  BITUARY     + 


George  F.  Riley,  formerly  San  Fran- 
cisco advertising  agent  for  the  Journal, 
was  killed  in  a  shocking  railway  collision, 
Aug.  8,  while  on  the  train  from  San 
Francisco  to  Petaluma. 

A.  J.  Colquhoun.  mining  engineer,  died 
recently  at  Mazatlan,  Mex.  At  the  time 
of  the  discovery  rf  the  cyanide  process 
he  was  employed  in  the  Glasgow  works 
of  the  MacArthur-Forrest  Company.  In 
1800  he  was  sent  to  British  Columbia 
as  the   representative   of  that   company; 


^  SOCIETlESa^d'TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


University  of  Pittsburg — The  following 
appointments  have  been  made  in  the 
School  of  Mines:  Horatio  C.  Ray,  in- 
structor in  metallurgy;  Harry  N.  Eaton, 
instructor  in  geology  and  petrography; 
Henry  Leighton,  instructor  in  mining  ge- 
ology and  mineralogy;  Harry  B.  Meller, 
instructor  in  mining. 

Lake  Superior  Mining  Institute — The 
15th  annual  meeting  has  been  called  to 
meet  at  Ironwood,  Mich.,  on  Aug.  24. 
The  day  will  be  spent  in  visiting  various  ■ 
points  of  interest  on  the  Gogebic  range 
and  a  business  session  will  be  held  in  the 
evening.  Members  of  the  party  will 
leave  Ironwood  by  special  train  at  1 1  p.m. 
for  Chicago  and  vicinity,  where  two  days 
will  be  spent  in  visiting  the  plants  of  the 
Sullivan  Machinery  Company,  Joseph  T. 
Ryerson  &  Son,  and  the  Indiana  Steel 
Company's  plant  at   Gary. 

Univers'ty  of  Nevada — The  junior  class 
of  the  Alackay  School  of  Mines  has  com- 
pleted eight  weeks  of  summer-school 
work  in  mine  surveying  and  mining  field 
geology  at  Goldfield.  The  surveying 
work  was  in  charge  of  Prof.  H.  P.  Board- 
nTan.  Underground,  four  levels  wer-.; 
surveyed  and  the  main  shaft  of  the  Red 
Top  mine  was  plumbed.  Three  patented 
mining  claims  were  "tied  in"  and  missing 
corners  reset  according  to  patent  survey 
description.  The  field  geology  consisted 
in  mapping  18  square  miles  in  the 
vicinity  of  Coldfleld,  a  plane  table  survey 
of  a  mining  claim  on  Columbia  mountain, 
the  mapping  of  underground  geology  and 
the  preparation  of  structure  sections  of 
the  Red  Top  mine.  The  geological  work 
was  in  charge  of  Prof.  J.  C.  Jones. 

American  Mining  Congress — The  13th 
annual  convention  has  been  called  by 
Secretary  J.  B.  Callbreath  to  meet  in  Los 
Angeles,  Sept.  26  to  Oct.  1.  The  members' 
meeting  for  the  purpose  of  electing  di 
rectors,  and  transacting  other  official 
business  will  take  place  on  Thursday, 
Sept.  29,  at  8  p.m.  The  list  of  papers  to 
be  presented  has  not  yet  been  announced, 
but  the  preliminary  circulars  have  listed 
the  following  as  subjects  for  discussion: 
The  bureau  of  mines;  conservation;  re- 
vision of  mining  laws;  mining  accidents, 
workmens'  compensation;  mining  invest- 
ments; the  oil  industry;  uniform  mining 
laws;  increased  use  of  silver;  also  re- 
ports of  the  general  committees.  The 
local  arrangements  are  in  charge  of  the 
Sierra  Aladre  Club  of  Los  Angeles.  H. 
C.  Freeman,  411  Columbia  Trust  BIdg.,  is 
secretary  of  the  club's  special  convention 
committee. 


378 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Marty-      Important 
^        ^^     Mining     Centers    of     the  'World       ->"        ^ 


San  Francisco 

Aug.  13 — The  First  National  or  Bala- 
klala  Copper  Company  reports  a  clear 
profit  of  S167,000  for  the  first  six  months 
of  1910,  the  production  being  6,746,242 
lb.  of  copper,  341,134  oz.  silver,  and 
7810  oz.  of  gold.  The  copper  was  sold 
for  12'<c.  per  lb.  during  the  first  quarter 
and  for  lie.  during  the  second  quarter. 
The  quicksilver  production  of  Cali- 
fornia is  decreasing,  but  some  develop- 
ment work  is  under  way.  The  Oceanic 
mine  in  San  Luis  Obispo  county  is  said 
to  have  been  reopened  by  E.  S.  Rigdon. 
The  ore  is  low  grade,  but  the  facilities 
for  cheap  operation  are  good.  Develop- 
ment is  also  going  on  vigorously  at  the 
Sierra  Morena  mine  near  Paso  Robles, 
San  Luis  Obispo  county,  under  the  man- 
agement of  H.  De  C.  Richards.  In 
Sonoma  county  work  is  progressingonthe 
Cloverdale,  and  in  Lake  county  on  the 
Chicago  and  Helen  mines  near  the  Great 
Western.  Considerable  high-grade  ore  is 
now  being  treated  at  the  Helen.  Al- 
though mining  operations  have  ceased  at 
the  Great  Western,  considerable  mercury 
is  still  being  produced  from  the  bricks 
of  the  old  Litchfield  condensors.  The 
New  Idria  mine  continues  to  be  the  main 
producer. 

The  Esperanza  Consolidated  Oil 
Company,  with  a  capitalization  of  S7,- 
000,000,  is  surveying  a  route  for  a  pipe 
line  from  the  Midway-Maricopa  field  to 
the  Santa  Barbara  channel.  The  com- 
pany has  issued  bonds  and  will  build  a 
refinery  and  operate  tank  steamers. 
The  Associated  Oil  Company  has  com- 
pleted the  construction  of  a  4-in.  pipe 
line  for  water  from  Buena  Vista  lake  to 
the  Elk  hills.  This  company  controls 
six  sections  of  land  in  the  district,  and 
has  agreed  to  sell  water  to  other  com- 
panies   at   $200    for   each    well. 

There  is  some  agitation  on  the  part  of 
oil  producers  to  secure  the  use  of  oil 
to  a  greater  extent  on  naval  vessels.  The 
torpedo-boat  destroyers  and  the  coast- 
defense  monitor  "Wyoming"  already  use 
oil,  and  the  announcement  is  made  that 
the  cruiser  "West  Virginia"  will  use 
petroleum.  With  the  rapidly  increasing 
quantity  of  oil  in  storage  and  the  con- 
tinued large  production,  it  would  appear 
that  the  navy  is  warranted  in  increasing 
the  use  of  oil  in  its  ships,  as  the  ad- 
vantages of  liquid  fuel  over  coal  are 
already  well  recognized  by  Hie  naval 
authorities. 

By  recent  purchases  of  other  systems 
the  San  Joaquin  Light  and  Tower  Com- 
pany is  now  in  a  position  to  extend  its 


power  lines  from  Crane ,  valley  on  the 
San  Joaquin  river  into  the  mining  dis- 
tricts of  northern  Madera  and  Mariposa 
counties.  These  sections  have  always 
lacked  power  and  water.  It  has  been 
found  that  steam  power  is  too  expensive, 
and  water  has  to  be  brought  too  high 
up  for  cheap  milling  of  ores.  With  the 
many  low-grade  mines  little  has  been 
done.  The  immediate  plan  of  the  power 
company  is  to  run  power-plant  line  No. 
3,  near  Crane  valley,  out  past  Coarse 
Gold,  Raymond  and  Le  Grand. 

Denver 

Aug.  15 — It  is  reported  on  good  au- 
thority that  the  Western  Federation  of 
Miners  is  sending  its  agents  into  Cripple 
Creek  and  other  districts,  with  the  pur- 
pose of  trying  to  regain  its  lost  ground. 
In  Cripple  Creek,  the  federation  is  com- 
pletely down  and  out,  and  as  long  as  the 
greater  part  of  the  mines  are  operated 
under  the  leasing  system  by  men  who  do 
their  own  work,  the  district  will  be  per- 
fectly safe.  Some  of  the  big  companies 
are  contemplating  resumption  of  work  on 
company  account  as  soon  as  the  deep- 
drainage  tunnel  is  completed.  It  would 
seem  that  this  will  give  the  Western 
Federation  a  chance  to  get  back. 

That  the  great  mining  revival  predicted 
in  these  columns  two  months  ago  is  now 
really  on  in  full  force  cannot  be  disputed, 
and  before  winter  sets  in  it  will  have 
been  fully  established,  not  only  in  Colo- 
rado, but  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  States 
generally.  London  is  being  exploited 
again,  but  as  usually  the  case,  on  behalf 
of  properties  of  doubtful  value,  unsup- 
ported by  the  report  of  any  thoroughly 
well  accredited  engineer,  and  capitalized 
for  sums  up  to  $5,000,000.  In  a  cjse  of 
this  kind,  surely  the  British  public  is 
entitled  to  a  report  by  an  engineer  of  in- 
ternational repute,  and  which  would  not 
cost  over  one-tenth  of  one  per  cent,  of 
the  above  amount;  and  is  it  not  a  marvel 
that  they  have  not  sense  enough  to  de- 
mand it?  The  worst  feature  is  that  when 
they  have  gone  into  fake  mining  schemes 
in  this  slip-shod  manner,  and  have  lost 
their  money,  they  always  say,  "The 
Americans  had  us."  The  "Mexamerican" 
(prospectus  just  at  hand)  is  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  Arizona  for  one  million 
£1  shares,  and  offered  in  London,  the 
issue  of  100,000  shares  for  working 
capital,  it  is  reported,  having  been  over- 
subscribed. It  is  also  represented  in  the 
above  document  that  600,000  shares  have 
been  issued  in  consideration  of  the  pur- 
chase price  of  the  property.     The  value 


of  the  ore  in  excess  of  mining  and  mill- 
ing charges  is  given  at  582,500,000, 
while  the  profile  sketch  of  the  workings 
given  in  the  prospectus  shows  very  little 
ore  actually  blocked  out  and  in  reserve. 
A  mill  was  completed  in  1894,  and  as 
nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  two  binsful 
of  ore — say  100  tons — have  been  run 
through.  There  is  also  a  tramway,  and 
being  fully  equipped,  and  with  such  enor- 
mous quantities  of  ore  in  sight,  it  is 
somewhat  strange  that  no  production  has 
been  made. 

This  is  to  be  a  great  year  for  the 
driving  of  tunnels  for  the  drainage  of 
mines  and  transportation  of  their  ores. 
Headed  by  the  Cripple  Creek  deep-drain- 
age tunnel,  which  is  to  be  formally 
opened  Sept.  1,  next  comes  the  Newhouse 
tunnel  which  is  now  in  4)8  miles.  From 
Idaho  Springs  comes  the  report  that  the 
Central  tunnel  is  now  advanced  to  8715 
ft.;  the  Lucania  4451  ft.,  and  the  Metro- 
politan 2028  ft.,  all  distances  given  being 
as  of  Aug.  1. 

As  an  index  to  the  fact  of  old-time 
home  mining  coming  in  again,  a  pool  of 
local  business  men  in  Cripple  Creek  will 
develop  Mineral  hill,  at  the  northern 
end  of  the  town,  by  means  of  a  tunnel 
from  the  western  slope,  which  will  gain  a 
depth  of  800  to  1000  ft.,  and  intersect  the 
veins  of  that  district  which  have  a  north- 
erly course.  The  corporation  is  known  as 
the  Mineral  Hill  Railway  and  Tunnel 
Company.  m 

Salt  Lake  City 

Aug.  13 — The  first  reverberatory  fur- 
nace at  the  International  smeltery  has 
been  blown  in  and  is  producing  matte. 
A  second  reverberatory  furnace  is  being 
warmed  up.  and  a  third  will  be  wanning 
by  the  middle  of  August.  Four  of  the 
McDougal  roasters  have  been  fired  and 
a  total  of  eight  will  be  working  by 
Aug.  17.  Several  of  the  converters  will 
be  ready  by  the  middle  of  the  month. 
The  sampling  mill  is  in  operation.  The 
Utah  Consolidated  tramway  is  delivering 
4,S0  tons  daily.  J.  B.  Whitehill  has  been 
appointed  ore  purchaser  for  the  com- 
pany. 

There  is  much  activity  in  both  Big  and 
Little  Cottonwood  districts.  The  Cardiff 
in  the  South  Fork  is  shipping  at  the 
rate  of  120  tons  per  month.  Work  is 
being  done  to  reach  the  contact  with 
overlying  limestone.  At  the  Rexall  the 
tunnel  is  in  950  ft.,  and  drifting  is  being 
done  to  the  east  to  cut  an  ore-bearing 
fissure.  The  Carbonate  has  several  thou- 
sand tons  of  lead-silver  ore  blocked  out. 


August  20,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


379 


and  will  begin  shipping  the  middle  of 
August.  The  tram  from  the  mine  to  the 
loading  station  has  been  repairea.  The 
Big  Cottonwood  Consolidated  near  the 
Carbonate  is  making  repairs  in  its  tun- 
nel, so  that  it  can  be  extended  to  cut 
veins  showing  lead  and  silver  on  the 
outcrop.  The  Maxtield,  Utah  Mines  Coali- 
tion, Prince  of  Wales,  Iowa  Copper,  East 
Carbonate,  Park  City  Mining  and  Power, 
American  Consolidated,  Kennebeck,  Reed, 
Neva  and  others  are  at  work.  Consider- 
able money  is  being  expended  in  de- 
velopment   throughout   the   district. 

The  case  of  the  State  of  Utah  vs.  the 
Montello  Salt  Company  which  involves 
the  saline  lands  along  the  Western 
Pacific,  practically  to  the  Nevada  line, 
was  decided  in  the  district  and  State 
court  here  in  favor  of  the  State  of  Utah. 
On  appeal  of  the  Montello  Salt  Company 
the  case  has  gone  to  the  Supreme  Court 
of  United  States,  and  a  transcript  of 
the  record  has  been  received.  The  suit 
was  originally  brought  by  the  State 
against  the  Montello  Salt  Company,  the 
plaintiff  claiming  that  the  land  in  ques- 
tion belonged  to  the  State  university  and 
agricultural  college  for  educational  pur- 
poses under  the  State  enabling  act.  The 
Montello  company,  which  is  a  consolida- 
tion of  1500  original  owners  of  salt 
claims,  avers  that  the  State  has  no  right 
to  the  salt  lands. 


Butte 


Aug.    13 — In  the   Bear  Gulch  district, 
Madison  county,  Charles  S.  Warran  re- 
cently sold  to  Charles  J.   Kelly    a  one- 
sixth  interest  in  the  Walker,  Guy   Leon- 
ard and  J.  F.  Beck  mining  claims.     Ball 
&  Tullock  have   a  shipment  of  35  tons 
ready  at  their  Winnetak   mine   at  Alder 
Gulch.     A  6-ft.  vein  has  been  disclosed 
on  the  property  and  for  the  next  several 
months  development   work   will   be   done 
exclusively.  In  the  Summit  district,  Gerry 
Raine,  who  has  been  working  the   Kear- 
sarge   group,  has  encountered   an    11-ft. 
vein,  8    ft.   of   which    carries    free    gold. 
This  strike  \vas  made  at  a  depth  of  22 
ft.  in  the  new   shaft,  sinking  on   which 
*'ill  continue.     There  is  a  60-stamp  mill 
)n  the  property.     Batten   Brothers,  who 
lave  a  lease  on  the  Mapleton  mine  from 
V.   B.   Millard,   have    recently    made    an 
'0-ton  shipment.     The   tunnel   is  now  in 
v.T  200   ft.,  and  the  vein  is  2  ft.  wide. 
F.  Johnson   and   S.   E.  Bickford   have 
'.iven  a  lease  and  bond  on  the   Belmont 
line  at  Granite  creek  to  R.J.  Richardson. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Aag.  13 — The  Heroult  electric  iron 
neltery  has  been  running  constantly 
nee  early  in  July,  producing  from  16  to 
'  tons  of  pig  iron  daily.  This  is  the  re- 
lilt  of  three  years  of  experimental  work 
'nd  many  changes  in  the  original  plan 
r  furnace  construction.  The  maragc- 
cnt   seems   to    be    satisfied    that    it    ha» 


solved  the  problem  of  smelting  California 
iron  ores  electrically.  During  the  last 
fortnight  there  has  been  much  said  about 
steel  plants  on  the  southern  California 
coast.  The  concerns  said  to  be  interested 
are  the  Harrinian  interests  and  a  foieign 
corporation.  The  former  is  reported  to 
have  plans  drawn  for  the  plant  at  Long 
Beac^.  Important  developments  are 
promised  within  a  few  days  by  represen- 
tatives of  Harriman  interests  here.  It  is 
known  that  investigations  are  in  progress 
looking  to  the  acquisition  of  several  iron 
properties  in  Nevada  and  California.  It 
is  not  known,  however,  what  interest? 
are  represented  in  these  investigations. 
The  International  Mines  Development 
Company,  recently  organized  1  ere  by 
Carl  Hand  and  associates,  will  prosecute 
its  initial  work  in  the  Mineral  Park  dis- 
trict of  Arizona.  The  development  com- 
pany has  acquired  the  George  Washing- 
ton group  of  claims  and  will  develop 
them  for  copper.  One  shipment  of  high- 
grade  copper-silver  ore  has  been  made 
to  the  Humboldt  smeltery. 

A.  L.  Davis,  secretary  of  the  Skidoo 
Mines  Company,  operating  in  the  Pana- 
mint  range,  has  just  returned  from  the 
mine,  and  reports  that  the  orebody  en- 
countered three  weeks  ago  has  been  de- 
veloped by  70  ft.  of  raises  and  50  ft.  of 
drifting.  The  vein  varies  from  4  to  7 
ft.  and  the  ore  averages  about  SI 5  per 
ton  in  gold.  This  orebody  will  add  about 
SIOO.OOO  to  the  reserves  of  the  mine. 
Early  in  the  month  a  shipment  was  made 
to  the  mint  aggregating  552  oz.  of  bul- 
lion; this  netted  S7598  and  was  the  pro- 
duct of  13  days'  work  in  the  mill.  Di- 
vidend checks  at  the  rate  of  5c.  per  share 
were  mailed  recently.  This  is  the  second 
similar  dividend. 


Goldfield 

Aug.  \^ — An  agreement  has  been 
reached  between  the  district  attorney's 
office  and  the  counsel  of  the  Consolidated 
Mines  Company  whereby  the  latter  will 
pay  into  the  county  treasury  approximate- 
lyS60.000,as  belated  bullion  tax.  A  second 
case  involving  particularly  the  right  of 
the  State  to  levy  bullion  taxes,  to  tax 
improvements  erected  from  proceeds  of 
mines  and  also  points  in  the  law  of  1907 
taxing  patented  mining  claims  will  b*; 
argucKl   in   September. 


Cobalt 

Aug.  15 — Several  men  have  lately  re- 
turned from  the  Mattagami  iron  deposits 
and  all  bring  favorable  reports.  Two 
more  exposures  of  ore  have  been  found. 
They  are  free  from  sulphur  and  phos- 
phorus and  contain  a  high  percentage  of 
iron.  Professor  Baker,  who  was  sent  out 
by  the  Provincial  govcrnrnent  to  make  a 
report  on  the  coal  measures,  spent  a 
month  examining  the  iron  deposits.  Al- 
though his  report  has  not  been  submitted 
he  speaks  highly  of  them,  and  considers 


the  deposits  of  great  commercial  import- 
ance. It  is  believed  that  the  discovery  of 
this  district  will  hasten  the  construction 
of  the  Hudson  Bay  Railroad,  which  is 
necessary  for  its  exploitation.  At  pres- 
ent, engineers  for  the  United  States  Steel 
Corporation  and  Mackenzie  &  Mann  are 
in  the  field. 

Another  section,  known  as  Cripple 
Creek,  has  lately  come  into  prominence 
in  the  Porcupine  district.  It  is  in  the 
vicinity  of  Great  Pike  lake  about  40 
miles  southwest  of  Tisdale  township. 
Some  good  discoveries  of  free  gold  have 
been  made  and  the  section  appears  to  be 
one  of  promise.  A  large  number  of 
claims  near  Tisdale  township  have  lately 
been  restaked.  They  were  thrown  open 
on  account  of  the  failure  of  the  owners 
to  do  the  necessary  assessment  work.  It 
is  expected  that,  within  a  year.  Porcupine 
will  be  well  supplied  with  power.  Two 
companies  are  now  in  the  field  and  the 
estimated  capacity  of  the  two  water- 
powers  is  about   10,000  horsepower. 

The  tonnage  shipped  from  Cobalt  for 
July  amounted  to  3015  tons  as  against 
2325  tons  for  the  corresponding  period  of 
last  year.  This  is  especially  gratifying  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  a  great  deal  more 
ore  is  being  concentrated  this  year  than 
in  1909.  The  increase  is  due  largely  to 
the  gain  made  by  the  Kerr  Lake  section 
of  the  camp.  Nineteen  mines  shipped 
during  July. 

Toronto 

Aug.  15 — Surveyors  have  been  sent  out 
to  lay  out  the  route  of  the  new  electric 
railway  that  is  to  connect  the  Porcupine 
district  with  the  Temiskaming  &  North- 
ern Ontario  Railway.  The  western 
terminus  will  be  on  the  Metagami  river, 
near  Timmins  landing,  near  Timmins 
mine.  It  has  not  yet  been  decided  ex- 
actly where  the  connection  with  the  rail- 
road will  be  made,  but  it  will  probably 
be  at  Matheson    or  at  Mileage  229. 

.\  contract  for  an  extensive  coal-hand- 
ling plant  at  Fort  William  has  been  let 
by  the  Fort  William  Coal  Dock  Com- 
pany, recently  organized,  and  construc- 
will  be  commenced  at  once.  The  com- 
pany will  become  the  coal-handling  de- 
partment of  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific 
Railway  at  the  head  of  lake  navigation, 
and  will  also  supply  coal  to  the  West  and 
local  consumers.  The  first  unit  of  the 
plant,  which  is  to  be  completed  in  less 
than  two  months  at  a  cost  of  about 
SI 70,000,  will  have  an  unloading  capacity 
of  4000  tons  in   10  hours. 

Birmingham,  Ala. 
Aug.  15—  More  than  50  carloads  of  ma- 
terial have  been  placed  on  the  site  for  the 
new  plants  being  erected  in  the  Birming- 
ham district  by  the  Tennessee  Coal.  Iron 
and  Railroad  Company  and  the  American 
Steel  and  Wire  Company,  and  the  de- 
velopment is  being  rushed. 


380 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery. 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining 


pcvsq 


Alaska 

Alaska-Treadwell— Returns  for  .he 
month  ended  July  15:  Mill  ran  ?S  days; 
ore  crushed,  77,112  tons;  total  produc- 
tion, S193,027;  net  operating  profit,  S96,- 
476;  yield  per  ton,  S2.50;  development 
work,  748  feet. 

Alaska  -  Mexican  —  Returns  for  the 
month  ended  July  15:  Mill  ran  28  days; 
ore  crushed,  18,307  tons;  total  produc- 
tion, S69,278;  net  operating  profits.  S39,- 
S''l  ;  yie'd  per  ton,  $3.78;  development 
work.  608  feet. 

Ellamar — A  coffer  dam  has  been  com- 
pleted on  this  property  on  Prince  William 
sound,  and  the  company  expects  to  be- 
gin shipping  copper  ore  this  month.  F. 
M.  Jordan  is  general  manager. 

Kenai  Peninsula — Mining  operations 
are  in  progress.  The  season  is  late,  but 
more  development  work  will  be  done  on 
quartz  ledges  and  more  gold  extracted 
from  the  placer  fields  than  in  any 
previous  year.  Some  hand  sluicing  is 
being  done,  but  the  work  is  principally 
hydraulicking  and   dredging. 

Sawmill — Charles  Hubbard,  of  the 
Hubbard  Elliott  Company,  has  taken  an 
option  on  this  quartz  claim,  in  the  Sun- 
rise district. 

Engineer — A  rich  quartz  strike  has 
been  made  on  this  property  on  Windy 
arm.  It  is  the  intention  to  erect  a  larger 
stamp  mill  than  the  one  now  on  the  prop- 
erty. 

Porcupine — After  three  years  of  con- 
struction work  and  the  expenditure  of  a 
large  amount  of  money  this  mine,  near 
Haines,  began  operating  on  July  6,  and 
in  the  first  five  days  of  operation  S23.000 
was  taken  out.  The  first  shipment  of  gold 
to  Seattle  contained  S50.000.  Fifty-five 
men  are  employed.  James  Wickham  is 
superintendent. 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 

Manzaro — Schedules  in  bankruptcy 
show  liabilities  of  S14,500  of  which  SIO,- 
000  is  secured  by  mortgage  on  the  prop- 
erty consisting  of  cash  S219,  17  mining 
claims  in  the  Dragon  mountains,  a  20- 
stamp  mill,  machinery,  fixtures,  tools  and 
houses.  The  New  York  office  is  at  27 
Pine  street. 

Calumet  &  Arizona — Sunday  work  has 
been  discontinued  at  the  request  of  the 
miners. 

Superior  &  Globe — The  work  being 
done  is  mainly  diamond  drilling  on  the 
210-  and  650-ft.  levels.     The  ground  In 


which  it  is  drilling  at  present  is  unmin- 
eralized.  Minute  fissures  have  caused 
much  trouble  in   recovering  the  core. 

Cactus — The  fifth  and  sixth  churn-drill 
holes  are  being  sunk  at  the  Cactus 
property,  under  the  supervision  of 
W.  H.  Hamilton.  Hole  No.  5  is 
being  sunk  about  one-half  mile  northwest 
of  the  camp  and  is  in  conglomerate  at 
a  depth  of  625  ft.  The  conglomerate  at 
this  poini  overlies  the  mineral-bearing 
schist.  Hole  No.  6  is  being  sunk  in  the 
orebody  proper  and  is  at  ;he  Cactus  camp, 
about  200  ft.  southwest  of  the  Pinto  shaft. 
Ore  was    struck    at    depth    of    120    feet. 

Miami — An  increase  in  the  capital  stock 
will  be  offered  to  stockholders.  The  in- 
crease will  be  about  100,000  shares,  al- 
though but  60,000  will  be  issued  now, 
present  stockholders  being  given  the 
privilege  of  subscribing  for  new  stock 
to  the  extent  of  10  per  cent,  of  fheir 
holdings,  at  S18  per  share.  The  sub- 
scription right  will  accrue  to  stockholders 
of  record  Aug.  24  and  bondholders  who 
convert  their  bonds  by  Aug.  23  will  be 
given  the  same  privilege.  This  will  leave 
over  50,000  shares  in  the  treasury.  J.  H. 
Susmann  says  the  present  increase  is  for 
capital  expenditures  in  acquiring  new- 
land  and  enlarging  the  mill.  Miami  now 
has  700.000  shares  of  stock  authorized, 
par  value,  S5.  About  600.000  shares  are 
outstanding,  88,000  are  reserved  for  con- 
version of  bonds,  and  about  12.000  are 
in  the  treasury.  The  51,500,000  bonds  of 
the  company  are  convertible  into  stock 
at  S17  a  share.  Underground  work  at  Mi- 
ami is  practically  at  a  standstill,  develop- 
mer.t  being  completed  for  several  years 
ahead.  All  the  levels  above  the  420-ft. 
are  ready  for  ore  extraction.  The  under- 
ground bin  on  the  420-ft.  level,  into 
which  all  the  ore  from  the  upper  levels 
will  be  dumped,  is  nearly  complete.  It 
is  lined  and  reinforced  with  concrete  and 
is  to  hold  750  tons. 

Superior  &  Boston — Shipments  of  50 
tons  of  9  per  cent,  copper  ore.  are  still 
being  maintained.  The  ore  is  from  the 
sixth  level  of  the  McGaw  shaft  and 
from  the  Great  Eastern  vein.  The  Mc- 
Gaw shaft  is  still  being  sunk  at  a  rate 
of  about  20  ft.  per  week  and  is  now  at  a 
depth  of  810  ft.  The  pumps  are  handling 
in  the  neighborhood  of  550  gal.  of  water 
per  minute. 

Keystone — This  company  has  now  only 
30  men  at  work  in  development,  the  mine 
not  being  equipped  for  more.  The  com- 
pressor borrowed  from  the  Live  Oak 
company  has  been  returned. 


California 

Amador  County 

Central  Eureka — A  strike  of  phenom- 
enally rich  ore  has  been  made  in  this 
Sutter  creek  mine.  It  is  being  taken  out 
in  candle  boxes  and  stored. 

Argonaut — Dividends  have  been  dis- 
continued for  the  present.  While  the  ore- 
bodies  on  the  lower  levels  have  increased 
in  size,  the  quality  of  the  ore  has  de- 
clined. Costly  litigation  with  the  Ken- 
nedy company  also  has  had  something  to 
do  with  this  decision. 

Humboldt  County 
Klamath   River — A   clean   up   is  being 
made  at  this  new  hydraulic  mine,  three 
miles   above   Weitchpec.     The   mine   has 
been  running  steadily  since  April. 

Inyo  County 

Tecopa — A  five-years'  contract  with 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  has  been  made  for  the  ship- 
ment of  a  minimum  of  300  tons  daily 
and  a  maximum  of  1000  tons.  Most  of 
the  present  output  is  from  the  Gunsight 
claim,  but  sinking  is  going  on  in  the 
Noonday.  There  are  150  men  on  the 
payroll.  This  is  the  largest  lead-ore 
producer  in  the  State. 

Modoc  County 

Fort  Bidu'cll  Consolidated — Algernon 
Del  Mar  is  in  charge  of  this  Fort  Bidwell 
property.  Systematic  development  work 
is  being  carried  on. 

Plumas  County 

Corrclas — Cassel  &  Locke  have  com- 
menced active  operations  on  this  mine 
near  Greenville.  The  mine  paid  well 
when  the  ore  was  treated  with  an  ar- 
rastra. 

Roedde—\n  one  of  W.  F.  Roedde's 
claims  on  Soda  creek,  near  Greenville, 
J.  J.  Riley  of  Nevada,  has  developed  a 
promising  orebody. 

San    Bernardino   County  ^ 

Gold  Park  Consolidated— This  company 
is  operating  52  claims  in  three  groups 
about  70  miles  east  of  Banning.  The 
Warrior  shaft  is  now  200  ft.  deep.  C.  W. 
Roach,  superintendent,  reports  that  three 
sets  of  leasers  have  started  work  on 
the  middle  group  of  claims.  The  group 
is  already  developed  by  six  shafts  and 
about  4000  ft.  of  work,  the  deepest  work- 
ing being  320  feet. 

Shasta  County  * 

Mount  Shasta  Gold— The  report  of 
President  Clapp  records  operations 
for  the  last  three  years.  The  de- 
velopment    work    amounts    to    3527    ft  ' 


August  20,  19!0. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


381 


There  were  3078  tons  of  ore  mined,  re- 
turning S21,757  or  $7.07  per  ton.  After 
125  ft.  inore  of  development  work  has 
been  done,  it  is  planned  that  extraction 
0!  ore  on  a  systematic  basis  shall  begin. 
There  are  now  15,000  tons  of  ore  blocked 
out  with  an  estimated  gross  value  of 
SI7  per  ton  and  a  net  value  of  S12.75  per 
ton.  The  company  is  in  good  financial 
condition.  The  property  consists  of  10 
claims  covering  170  acres  and  is  about 
8  miles  from  Keswick. 

Mammoth — The  product  caught  by  the 
new  baghnuse  at  Kennett  is  larger  in 
quantity  than  was  anticipcted.  It  is  being 
briquetted  and  will  be  retreated  at  the 
smeltery.  Operations  are  somewhat  cur- 
tailed by  having  to  use  the  baghoase  and 
about  60  more  men  have  been  dis- 
charged. 

SiERR\  County 

Independence — This  mine  on  Wolf 
creek  has  been  bonded  to  Fred  H.  Pear- 
son of  Nevada,  who  will  make  a  thorough 
examination. 

Siskiyou  County 

Advance — Now  that  the  oreshoot  has 
been  recovered  in  this  mine,  the  tram- 
wsy  is  to  be  repaired  and  the  mill  start- 
ed. 

Liberty  Group — Superintendent  Ira  D. 
McCoy  has  carefully  surveyed,  sampled 
and  mapped  this  property  in  order  to 
plan  a  system  of  development  which  will 
shortly  be  commenced. 

Blue  Ledge — This  is  one  of  the  most 
piomising  copper  properties  north  of 
Shasta  county.  Development  work  has 
been  going  on  irregularly  during  the  last 
10  years.  It  was  formerly  under  bond  to 
Patrick  Clark  of  Spokane,  but  is  now 
said  to  be  owned  by  the  Townes  of  New 
York.  The  deposit  is  opened  by  nine 
tunnels  to  a  depth  of  1800  ft.,  and  much 
ore  developed.  A  40-mile  railroad  to 
connect  with  the  Southern  Pacific  at  or 
near  Med  ford,  Oregon,  has  been  pro- 
jected. 

TuoLu.MNE  County 

Tuolumne  Consolidated — A  large 
amount  of  machinery,  including  a  dredge, 
has  been  sent  to  this  property  above 
Phoenix  lake,  near  Sonora. 

Gold  Ship — This  mine  is  being  sup- 
plied with  electric  power.  The  Corcoran 
Flat  tunnel  is  to  be  extended  and  a  known 
bar  worked  out.  The  free  gravel  is  to  be 
worked  in  sluices  and  the  cemented  grav- 
el in  a  mill  which  is  shortly  to  be 
built. 

Mazeppa — This  old  mine  at  Stent  is  be- 
ing reopened  and  30  men  set  at  work. 
Phoenix     Luke — This     company,     near 
,  Sonora,  has  brought  137  acres  of  mining 
I  ground  from  John  Prey,  and  also  the  May 
j  and  Davis  quartz  claims.    The  Davis  Flat 
gulch   water   right   of  2000   in.    has   also 
been  purchased. 


Colorado 

Clear  Creek  County 

Bard  Creek — It  is  said  that  the  Nelson 
vein  has  widened  to  14  in.  and  assays 
running  from  72  to  190  oz.  gold  per  ton 
have  been  obtained.  This  property  is  in 
the  new  Camp  Beshear  district. 

Ruler — This  mine,  on  Griffith  moun- 
tain, has  been  bonded  and  leased 
to  men  from  Syracuse,  N.  Y..  and  work 
will  be  commenced  Sept.   I. 

Refugee — This  property,  near  Idaho 
Springs,  worked  tlirough  the  Central  tun- 
nel, has  entered  the  list  of  shippers.  The 
ore  comes  from  a  6-ft.  vein,  and  mills 
about  S16  per  ton. 

Treasure  Vault — A  26-ton  shipment 
has  been  made  by  the  leasers,  the  returns 
being  at  the  rate  of  $200  per  ton. 

Lake  County,   Leadville 

Matchless — Lessees  of  this  Fryer  hill 
mine  are  shipping  about  40  tons  of  car- 
bonate ore  per  day. 

London — While  continuing  to  ship  at 
the  usual  rate,  extensive  diamond  drill 
work  is  being  carried  on  at  this  mine,  on 
Mosquito  range. 

Wilson — This  company,  operating  the 
Robinson,  in  Ten  Mile  district,  is  em- 
ploying about  75  men  at  its  mill  and 
mine.  The  Leadville  district  mill,  in  low- 
er California  gulch,  is  to  be  reconstruct- 
ed. 

Kentucky  Boy — It  is  reported  that  work 
is  to  be  resumed  on  this  Taylor  iiiil 
mine,  north  of  Tennessee  pass.  The 
property  is  extensively  developed,  and 
large  bodies  of  low-grade  ore  are  said  to 
be  available. 

Penfield—Jhe  new  shaft,  being  sunk 
by  Joseph  Stumpf.  lessee,  is  down  30  ft., 
having  passed   through   the   Weber  grits. 

San  Miguel  County 

Tomboy — Rpti'rns  for  July:  Mill  ran  29 
days;  crushed  10.500  tons  of  ore;  yielded 
bullion  valued  at  S46.000;  concentrates 
shipped,  $19,500;  expenses,  $40,.S00; 
profit,  $25,000.  Expenditure  on  permanent 
improvements,  $606. 

Teller   County — Cripple   Creek 

The  output  for  the  Cripple  Creek  dis- 
trict for  July  is  given  at  $1,224,935,  and 
the  average  yield  in  gold  per  ton  at 
S23.63. 

Rarnona — A  3-car  shipment  of  .$30  ore 
is  being  loaded  from  this  Bull  hill  mine. 

Christmas — This  mine  is  being  devel- 
oped by  John  T.  Milliken,  lessee,  from 
the  1300-ft.  level  of  the  Golden  Cycle,  cf 
which  latter  mine  Mr.  Milliken  Is  presi- 
dent. The  Christmas  output  for  July  was 
583  tons  of  $24  ore. 

Mary  McKinney — This  mine,  workel 
under  lease  by  the  Western  Investment 
Company,  shipped  650  tons  last  month, 
averaging  $18  per  ton. 


Jennie  Sample — The  work  of  retimber- 
ing  the  main  shaft  from  the  collar  to  the 
600- ft.  level  has  been  completed,  and  the 
mine  is  expected  to  be  shipping  again 
soon. 

A/'ax — This  property,  on  Battle  moun- 
tain, is  being  worked  by  30  sets  of  les- 
sees, about  25  working  in  ore,  and  five 
doing  dead  work. 

Gold  Dollar — The  Union  Leasing  Com- 
pany, operating  the  Husted  shaft,  in  July 
produced  approximately  1000  tons  of  ore 
averaging  $25  per  ton. 

Dante — William  Dyer,  lessee  on  this 
mine,  reports  a  strike  of  10  ft.  of  $40  ore. 
Eight  cars  of  this  ore  have  already  been 
shipped. 

Doctor-Jack  Pot — The  Lucky  Corner, 
owned  by  this  company,  is  said  to  have  a 
flat  vein  of  smelting  ore  4  ft.  thick  and 
12  ft.  wide.  A  30-ton  shipment  has  ju.:t 
been  made  by  the  Humphreys-Thompson 
Leasing  Company. 

Trilby — A  settlement  with  the  creditors 
of  this  company  has  been  effected  out 
of  court,  and  the  application  for  appoint- 
ment of  a  receiver  denied. 

Vindicator — The  July  production  of 
this  mine  amounted  to  3000  tons.  Gross 
value  over  $103,000.  No.  1  shaft  pro- 
duced 1100  tons,  the  greater  portion  be- 
ing mined  at  the  1300-  and  1400-ft,  levels. 
The  average  value  was  about  $45  per  ton. 
The  balance  of  1900  tons  came  from  No. 
2,  No.  6  and  the  Hull  City  shafts,  and 
averaged  $.30  per  ton. 


Idaho 

Le.mhi  County 
Pittsburg-Idaho~GeneTB.\  manager,  A 
S.  Ross,  states  that  100  tons  of  silver-lead 
ore  are  being  shipped  daily  from  this 
mine  at  Gilmore.  A  complete  waterworks 
system  and  power  plant  are  being  in- 
stalled. 

Indiana 
VERMitioN  County 

The  new  Crown  hill  mine,  the  fifth 
in  this  field  sunk  by  the  Clinton  Coal 
Company,  is  now  to  the  coal  at  a  depth  of 
185  ft.,  and  the  company  reports  a  good 
vein  and  excellent  roof.  The  tipple  is 
soon  to  be  built  and  a  switch  from  the 
Southern  Indiana  road  is  nearing  com- 
pletion. The  new  mine  is  four  miles 
southwest  of  Clinton.  Two  new  coal 
mines  will  be  sunk  in  the  Clinton  field 
by  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation 
in  the  near  future. 

Vico  County 

T^e  C.  W.  Hahl  Coal  Mining  Company 
has  been  organized  and  incorporated  to 
operate  coal  mines  in  Vigo  and  adjacent 
counties.  The  capital  stock  is  $100,000. 
The  principal  office  will  be  in  Terre 
Haute.  The  incorporators  are:  C.  W. 
Hahl,  H.  n.  Hahl,  John  N.  Balch  and 
M.  C.  Hamill. 


382 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


Kentucky 

Harlan  County 

J.  W.  Kelly  and  associates,  of  Big 
Stone  Gap,  Va.,  liave  bought  1500  acres 
on  Yocum  creek,  and  are  arranging  'o 
open  a  mine. 

M.  J.  and  W.  L.  Mors,  of  Pineville, 
Ky.,  have  bought  1000  acres  on  Ewing 
creek,  and  have  begun  work  on  a  shaft, 
and  on  a  spur  to  the  railroad,  a  mile 
distant.  They  intend  to  build  coke  ovens 
also. 

Morgan  Jones  is  making  surveys  of 
3000  acres  on  Puckett  creek,  near  Harlan, 
to  decide  on  the  best  place  to  open  a 
mine. 

Black  Mountain  Coal  Corporation — 
This  company,  B.  L.  Dulaney.,  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  president,  has  bought  4000 
acres  on  Yocum  creek  from  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Land  Company,  and  is 
making  plans  to  open  a  mine. 


Michigan 

Copper      ■"  -^ 

Cliff — Under  the  management  of  the 
Calumet  &  Hecla  a  test  pit  has  been 
started  preparatory  to  sinking  a  shaft  to 
develop  the  Kearsarge  lode.  The  pit  is 
about  one  mile  from  the  northern  bound- 
ary line  of  the  Ojibway. 

Houghton  Copper — A  temporary  hoist- 
ing equipment  has  been  received  and 
shaft  sinking  will  be  started  soon.  Sev- 
eral good  drill  cores  have  been  taken 
from  this  tract. 

O/ibway — The  crosscut  from  the  1250- 
ft.  level  of  No.  1  shaft  is  within  a  few 
feet  of  the  lode.  Openings  from  the  500-, 
650-  and  800-ft.  levels  are  showingagood 
run  of  copper  ground.  No.  2  shaft  is 
down  about  1500  ft. 

Section  12 — This  property,  which  con- 
sists of  480  acres  lying  northeast  of  the 
Superior,  has  completed  its  drill  work. 
Three  cores  have  been  taken  out  from  the 
Baltic  lode  at  different  points  showing 
it  well  mineralized. 

Osceola — No.  3  shaft  of  the  North 
Kearsarge  branch  of  this  property  has 
been  temporarily  closed  for  repairs.  This 
shaft  has  been  shipping  nearly  1200  tons 
cf  rock  daily.  At  No.  5  shaft,  the  shaft- 
house    alterations    are    about    completed. 

Algomah — Temporary  machinery  is  be- 
ing placed  and  the  mine  will  be  ready  to 
resume  sinking  in  the  near  future.  The 
pit  is  about  25  ft.  in  ore.  Trenching 
along  the  strike  is  to  be  started  at  once. 

Hancock — No.  2  vertical  shaft  is  sink- 
ing below  a  depth  of  2400  ft.  to  cut  the 
No.  1  lode,  estimated  to  be  about  2600 
ft.  and  finally  the  Pewabic  lode,  which 
lies  several  hundred  feet  below  the  Han- 
co::k  lode.  The  Pewabic  lode,  opened 
by  the  Quincy  in  the  lower  levels  near 
the  boundary  line,  is  rich  and  indicative 
of  the  good  results  that  are  to  be  expect- 


ed at  this  point.  Permanent  hoisting 
equipment  is  being  received. 

Calumet  &  Hecla — This  company  will 
replace  the  wooden  guides  in  its  Red 
Jacket  shaft.  This  w-ork  will  require 
about  six  weel«s  and  will  take  about  20,- 
000  ft.  of  timber.  During  the  time  that 
this  work  is  being  done  the  output  of 
this  shaft  will  be  reduced  to  about  250 
tons  daily. 

Lake — The  south  drift  at  the  third  level 
recently  exposed  a  small  quantity  of  cop- 
per ore  closely  resembling  that  exposed 
on  the  surface  of  the  adjoining  Algomah 
tract.  C.  H.  Hitchcock,  Jr.,  formerly 
superintendent  of  the  Adventure,  has 
been  appointed  superintendent. 

Clark — Exploratory  work  is  to  be 
started  on  this  property,  near  the  end  of 
Keweenaw  peninsula.  It  is  owned  by 
foreign  capital. 

Indiana — No.  7  drill  hole  is  sinking 
vertically  to  cut  the  Indiana  lode  in  close 
proximity  to  the  point  where  it  was  origi- 
nally disclosed.  This  hole  is  down  about 
450  ft.  It  is  estimated  that  it  will  be 
necessary  to  go  about  1500  ft.  before 
reaching  the  lode.  No.  9  hole,  going 
down  at  a  point  about  200  ft.  south  of 
this  hole  is  down  about  500  feet. 


Missouri 

Herald — The  mine  at  Cave  Springs  is 
shut  down  and  a  sale  is  said  to  be  pend- 
ing. Drilling  is  being  done  ahead  of  the 
present  workings. 

Hackctt — The  mill  of  this  company, 
west  of  Joplin,  is  being  erected  and  the 
ground  developed.  This  mill  has  some 
features  radically  different  from  the  us- 
ual Joplin  mill.  Twelve  or  more  tables 
are  to  be  installed  cutting  down  the  loss 
to  a  minimum. 

Mary  C — The  mill  at  Toms  station  is  a 
modern  one  of  400-tons  capacity.  The 
ground  has  been  proved  by  15  drill  holes 
and  the  shaft.  It  will  be  among  the  pro- 
ducers in  the  near  future. 

Big  Stick — One  of  the  largest  damage 
suits  filed  in  this  district  for  a  long  time 
is  the  897,000  action  that  the  Frisco  filed 
against  four  mining  companies  for  the 
big  cave-in  between  Webb  City  and 
Oronogo,  where  the  ground  gave  way  and 
carried  the  track  into  the  mine.  The 
companies  involved  are  the  Big  Stick,, 
Federal,  Integrity  and  the  Flourney  Min- 
ing and  Milling  Company. 

Missouri  Iron  Ore — A  $300,000  corpor 
ation,  to  be  known  as  the  Missouri  Iron 
Ore  Company,  with  offices  at  St.  Louis, 
was  organized  recently.  The  principal 
stockholder  is  Aaron  B.  Donaldson,  vice 
president  of  the  St.  Louis  Tic  Company. 

Montana 

Broadwatf.r  County 
Little  Giant  Cold  -The  property  is  six 
miles  north  of  Radersburg.    The  tunnel  is 
now  In  450   ft.  and  with  another  200   ft. 


should  cut  the  vein  at  a  depth  of  350  ft. 
Development  work  is  being  vigorously 
prosecuted. 

Granite  County 

Mount  Royal — The  company  has  re- 
cently secured  all  the  property  and 
water  rights  of  the  Shakespeare  Gold 
Mining  Company  and  will  operate  them 
in  connection  with  its  own.  The  principal 
property  acquired  is  the  Shakespeare 
mine,  which  was  formerly  a  large  pro- 
ducer. Orders  have  been  placed  for  a 
60-ton  mill,  a  compressor  plant  and  air 
drills.  Work  has  been  begun. 
Jefferson   County 

Corhin  Metal— On  the  500-ft.  level  a 
60- ft.  lead  has  been  cut  which  disclosed 
a  2'.i-ft.  orehody  carrying  32  per  cent, 
lead,  18  oz.  of  silver,  1.7  per  cent,  cop- 
per and  SI. 40  in  gold. 

Boulder  Creek — The  property  is  10 
miles  southwest  of  Boulder  and  com- 
prises the  Healy,  Copper  Kee  and  Mon- 
tana Quartz  claims.  On  the  Copper  Kee 
a  tunnel  has  been  run  375  ft.,  while  on 
the  Healy  there  is  a  75-ft.  shaft. 

"^^       Lewis  &  Clark  County 

Midnight  Copper — At  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  stockholders  the  following  were 
elected  directors:  D.  Spogan,  Charles 
Lochray,  J.  L.  Blair  and  Fred  L.  Hill. 
The  property  is  at  Silver  Camp,  six  miles 
east   of   Flesher. 

Lincoln  County 
Victor-Empire — The  flume  is  about 
completed  and  newly  ordered  machinery 
is  being  set  up.  The  main  tunnel  is  in 
805  ft.  and  a  contract  will  be  let  for  an 
additional  400  feet. 


Nevada 

Es.meralda  County 

Atlanta — Although  no  work  is  being 
done  on  company  account,  development 
work  is  progressing  constantly  with  five 
leases  in  operation. 

Florence — Suit  has  been  instituted 
against  the  company  by  Daisy  Adams  for 
alleged  damage  done  her  property  by 
tailings  slime  from  the  mill. 

Helen — This  property  at  Hornsilver  is 
reported  to  have  opened  a  5- ft.  vein  av- 
eraging $60  silver  per  ton.  Other  mines 
in  the  camp  are  shipping  regularly,  and 
the  Las  Vegas  &  Tonopah  railroad  has 
promised  to  install  traction  engines  to 
cover  the  16  miles  from  Hornsilver  to 
the  railroad. 

Queen — Bullion  amounting  to  3000  oz. 
was  shipped  last  week  from  the  Queen 
mill  at  Rawhide.  A  cyanide  plant  is 
planned,  to  be  put  in  as  soon  as  the  man- 
agement decides  between  a  sliming  and 
leaching  process. 

Humboldt  County 

National  Thiscamp,  includingthe  lease 
of  the  Stall  brothers,  and  the  work  of  the 
National  Mining  Company  of  Nevada,  is 
now  shipping  $360,000  to  $400,000  per 
month. 


August  20,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


383 


Buckhorn — The  United  States  Mining 
Company,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  did  not  ex- 
ercise its  option  on  the  Buckhorn  mines, 
which  was  to  have  been  taken  up  on  Aug. 
1   from  George  WingCeld. 

Gold  Note — Paul  Klopstock  recently 
acquired  gold-mining  property  at  Ken- 
nedy, Nev.  He  started  development  work 
on  Aug.  1.  The  mill  is  to  be  remodeled. 
Mr.  Klopstock  has  about  1600  acres  in 
his  consolidations.  The  property  has 
been  incorporated  as  the  Cold  Note  Con- 
solidated Mining  and  Milling  Company. 
The  office  will  be  at  NX'innemucca. 

Rieleyville — Considerable  work  is  be- 
ing done  at  this  new  camp  by  parties 
from  Susanville,  Cal.  They  have  about 
16  men  at  work.  The  camp  is  6  miles 
west  of  Kennedy. 

Stall  Brothers — Exceedingly  rich  ore 
is  being  shipped  from  this  lease.  One 
I       123-lb.   nugget   has   been    found. 

Lincoln  County 

Santa  Marta — E.  L.  Robertson,  of  the 
Cave  Valley  mining  district,  midway  be- 
tween Pioche  and  Ely,  is  awaiting  the 
construction  of  a  railroad  between  these 
two  camps.  On  the  Santa  Marta  claims 
he  is  developing  a  30-ft.  vein  of  gold- 
copper  ore,  said  to  average  3  per  cent, 
copper  with  appreciable  quantities  of  gold 
and  silver.  The  ledge  has  well  defined 
walls  and  has  been  prospected  for  6000 
ft.  along  its  strike.  A  tunnel  is  now  being 
driven  to  give  a  depth  of  about  2000  ft. 
under  the  apex. 

Mendha-Nevada — The  company  is  ship- 
ping a  carload  of  ore  every  other  day  to 
the  Utah  smeltery  and  is  at  the  same 
time  developing  a  large  tonnage  of  mill- 
ing ore.  Concentration  tests  are  now  be- 
ing made,  looking  toward  the  construc- 
tion of  a  mill  at  an  early  date. 

l.one  Pine — This  zinc  mine  at  Good- 
springs,  seven  miles  from  Jean,  is  plan- 
ning the  erection  of  a  concentrator  near 
the  railroad,  and  the  construction  of  a 
narrow-gage  road  to  the  mine.  W.  D. 
Longyear,  cashier  of  the  Security  Savings 
Bank,  of  Los  Angeles,  is  interested. 

Nye  County 
Tonopah — Mill  report  for  week  ended 
July  31  shows  97  out  of  100  stamps  drop- 
ping constantly,  crushing  3350  tons  of  ore 
averaging  ^^.20.  Bullion  shipped.  61  bars, 
valued  at  S55,000;  concentrates.  40  tons, 
worth  $18,000;  total  output,  .S73,000.  Av- 
erage extraction,  93  per  cent. 

Storey  County 

Best    &    Belcher — Fire    destroyed    the 
surface    buildings,    Aug.     10.    causing    a 
loss   of  S50,000.      No   men    were    in   the 
mine  at  the  time   of  the   fire. 
White  Pine  County 

Giroiix  Consolidated~~^oTk  is  con- 
fined to  the  Giroux  shaft  and  vicinity. 
The  pump  station,  20x120  ft.,  at  the  1200- 
ft.  level,  is  being  lined  with  a  eonocete 
wall  3  ft.  in  thickness,  and  will  be  roofed 


with  a  concrete  arch,  reinforced  with  30- 
Ib.  steel  rails.  Sinking  in  one  compart- 
ment was  continued  to  a  depth  of  80  ft. 
below  the  1200- ft.  level,  at  which  point 
there  appeared  to  be  an  increase  of  wa- 
ter. It  is  probable  that  no  effort  will  be 
made  to  sink  deeper  until  the  pumps  are 
in  position  to  handle  the  water.  The 
shaft  will  be  completed  to  the  1200- ft. 
level.  Excavation  will  be  made  for  ore 
bins  at  the  1200-ft.  level.  The  work  is 
progressing  rapidly  and  should  be  fin- 
ished by   the  end  of  the   present  month. 

£/.v  Centennial — This  company  has  re- 
cently encountered  a  strong  vein  at  the 
breast  of  a  1200-ft.  tunnel.  Samuel 
Newhouse  is  an  officer  of  the  company. 

Minnesota  Lead— Considerable  lead 
ore  has  been  developed  in  shallow  work- 
ings on  Duck  creek.  The  initial  carload 
shipment  was  sent  to  Salt  Lake  City  15 
days  ago. 

Nevada  Consolidated — Removal  of 
overburden  and  extraction  of  ore  contin- 
ue at  about  the  same  rate  from  the 
Copper  Flat  pit.  Rnads  are  being  graded 
for  churn  drills  on  the  west  side.  One 
Star  and  four  Keystone  drills  are  in  use. 
The  new  95-C  Bucyrus  shovel  was  start- 
ed last  week. 


New  Mexico 

Socorro  County 

Deadwood  Mines — Lumber  for  the  mill 
is  being  delivered  as  rapidly  as  possible. 
Grading  is  well  under  way.  Construction 
work  will  be  pushed  as  fast  as  deliveries 
of  material  will  permit.  Mine  develop- 
ment is  also  carried  on. 

Mogollon  Gold  and  Copper — Arrange- 
ments have  been  perfected  whereby  work 
will  be  started  on  the  various  holdings 
within  60  days. 

Enterprise — In  addition  to  the  work  in 
the  main  tunnel,  a  winze  has  been  started 
in  the   second   level. 


Oklahoma 
Ottawa  County 
Kansas  City-Quapaw — J.  R.  Crowe  was 
appointed  receiver  by  the  United  States 
court.  The  receiver  is  to  take  charge  of 
the  mine  and  continue  pumping  to  pre- 
vent fiood  damage. 


Utah 
Beaver  County 

Utah  Mining  —  Lead  ore  is  being 
shipped  from  the  200-ft.  level  of  the  Hub 
property.  The  shaft  is  being  sunk  to  the 
300- ft.  level.  A  body  of  copper  ore  has 
been  opened. 

Comrnonivealth  The  crosscut  under 
the  Kelley  workings  has  opened  four 
small  veins  carrying  good  lead-silver  ore. 

Utah  Gold  and  Copper — This  property, 
in  the  Washington  district,  was  recently 
inspected  by  eastern  stockholders.  The 
main  tunnel  is  in  700  ft.,  and  has  cut  a 


2-ft.  vein  of  lead-silver  ore,  which  has 
been  drifted  on  70  ft.  A  compressor  and 
small  concentrating  mill  are  being  in- 
stalled. 

St.  Mary — This  company's  property  is 
in  the  Star  district,  near  the  Moscow  and 
Red  Warrior.  It  is  equipped  with  a  gaso- 
lene hoist  and  compressor.  Ore  carrying 
copper,  silver  and  gold  was  cut  on  the 
first  level.  Sinking  is  now  in  progress. 
Patrick  Ryan  is  president. 

Box  Elder  County 
Salt  Lake  Copper — A  new  cable  for  the 
tramway  has  been  shipped  from  St.  Louis. 
Before  the  accident  to  the  tram  about  150 
tons  of  iron  ore  were  shipped  daily  to  the 
United  States  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company. 

juAB  County 

Tintic  shipments  for  the  week  ended 
Aug.  4  were:  Victoria,  2  cars;  Clift,  1; 
Yankee,  2;  Lower  Mammoth,  5;  Bullion 
Beck,  2;  Ridge  &  Valley,  3;  Star,  1; 
Opohongo,  1  ;  Gold  Chain,  I ;  Grand 
Central,  9;  Gemini,  4;  Chief  Consol- 
idated, 3;  May  Day,  3;  Uncle  Sam,  5; 
Eagle  &  Blue  Bell,  2;  Centennial-Eureka, 
34;  Iron  King,  7;  Scranton,  6;  Dragon 
Iron,  37;  Iron  Blossom,  22  Colorado.  9; 
Sioux   Consolidated,    19;   total,    178  cars. 

May  Day — The  tailings  dump  of  the 
dry  concentrating  plant  is  being  handled 
at  the  mill.  The  work  has  been*in  pro- 
gress during  July,  and  it  will  take  about 
five  months  to  finish  it.  Twelve  sets  of 
leasers  are  at  work. 

Iron  Blossom — Development-in  the  No. 
1,  or  South  shaft  is  opening  gold  ore  of 
a  somewhat  better  grade. 

Colorado — Drifting  toward  the  south 
on  the  50-ft.  level  is  being  continued. 
The  face  is  about  100  ft.  from  the  shaft. 

Ope.x — The  mine  closed  down  July  28 
to  repair  its  machinery,  which  is  said  to 
be   in   bad   shape. 

Iron  King— The  tunnel  is  in  2000  ft. 
About  350  tons  of  ore  are  being  mined 
daily. 

Chief  Consolidated — The  new  hoisting 
equipment  is  being  received,  and  will  be 
installed  without  delay. 

Lower  M<jmmo//i  Development  is  be- 
ing centered  on  and  below  the  1800-ft. 
level.  Enough  ore  is  being  mined  to  meet 
current   operating   expenses. 

Dragon  Iron — A  report  by  Manager  L.  E. 
Riter,  covering  operations  for  the  last 
two  years  shows  that  (51,726  tons  of  ore 
were  mined,  which  sold  for  S191,285. 
This  ore  averaged  5(5.5  per  cent,  iron,  and 
sold  for  .S3.09  a  ton.  The  total  operating 
expenses,  including  depreciation  charges, 
were  $131,228,  leaving  a  profit  of  $60,057. 
Assessments  also  brought  in  $20,000. 
There  was  expended  for  prospecting 
work  not  chargeable  to  iron  ore,  $20,266; 
machinery  and  plant,  $27,616;  additional 
mining  claims,  $5900,  and  supplies  $2683, 
making  a  total   of  $56,266.     This  left   a 


384 


[HE    ENGINEERIKG    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


balance  July  1  of  23,790.  Prospecting 
with  the  diamond  drill  resulted  in  open- 
ing several  large  shoots  of  iron  ore. 

Yankee  Consolidated — Power  connec- 
tions have  been  completed  and  the  newly 
installed  electric  hoist  is  in  operation.  Ar- 
rangements for  compressed  air  have  been 
made   with   the   Colorado. 

Tintic  Central — An  assessment  of  !jC. 
has  been  levied,  the  proceeds  to  be  used 
for  development.  There  is  an  indebted- 
ness of  about  S2000  at  present.  Water 
in   the   shaft   has   caused   slow   progress. 

Scranton — Thirty-five  miners  walked 
out  Aug.  4,  because  of  dissatisfaction  with 
the  food  at  the  company's  boardisg  house. 
The  mine  is  12  miles  north  of  Eureka  and 
it  is  not  practicable  for  the  miners  to 
board  themselves.  A  meeting  of  the 
union  was  held  and,  after  an  effort  to 
adjust  the  matter,  the  mine  was  declared 
unfair,  and  the  union  issued  a  notice  to 
members  to  keep  away. 

Admiral  Farragut — Operations  have 
been  suspended  on  account  of  bad  air. 
The  winze  from  the  260- ft.  level  is  down 
47  ft.,  and  has  encountered  mineralized 
quartz.     The  property  is  in  North  Tintic. 

Utah  Consolidated — The  tunnel  being 
driven  on  the  north  end  of  the  property 
is  in  over  90  ft.  Shaft  sinking  has  been 
discontinued  for  the  present.  W.  Mathews 
is  superintendent. 

Victoria — At  a  special  meeting,  July  30, 
the  capital  was  increased  from  250,000 
to  700,000  shares,  par  value  SI.  Stock- 
holders will  be  called  on  to  send  in  their 
old  stock,  for  one  share  of  which  they 
will  receive  two  of  the  new  stock.  To 
secure  the  fractional  claims  of  the  Snow 
Flake  Mining  Company,  100,000  shares 
will  be  set  aside.  This  will  leave  100,- 
000  shares  in  the  treasury  for  develop- 
ment and  other  purposes.  Sinking  of  the 
shaft  will  be  done  by  contract.  Three 
shifts  have  been  placed  on  this  work.  J. 
C.  Sullivan  is  manager. 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell — The  new  Hendrie 
&  Bolthoff  double-drum  steam  hoist  ar- 
rived at  the  mine  July  28,  and  is  being 
installed.  The  hoist  is  capable  of  sinking 
2000  feet. 

Mammoth — Equipment  for  the  shaft 
has  been  ordered,  and  will  be  shipped  at 
once  from  the  East.  This  is  needed  to 
repair  the  hoist  recently  damaged. 

Salt  Lakh  County 

Montana-Bingham  Consolidated  —  Ar- 
ticles of  incorporation  were  filed  July  27. 
The  company  acquires  26  lode  mining 
cl.iims  owned  by  the  Bin^jham-Butte  Min- 
ine  Company.  The  capitalization  is  1,- 
500,000  shares,  par  value  SI.  W.  E. 
Hubbard  is  president. 

Bingham-Midway—l^vi  order  has  been 
placed  for  drills  to  be  used  in  two  tun- 
nels now  being  driven.  The  property  is 
seven  miles  from  the  International 
smeltery. 


Silver  Shield — Ore  has  been  encount- 
ered in  a  raise  from  the  tunnel  level.  A 
part  of  this  is  said  to  be  of  shipping 
quality. 

Columbus  Consolidated — Three  shifts 
have  been  put  on  the  mill,  and  shipments 
are  being  increased.  An  orebody  of 
much  promise  is  being  opened  on  the 
400-ft.  level. 

Utah  Mines  Coalition — The  main  tun- 
nel has  cut  the  Black  Bess  vein  about 
3000  ft.  from  the  portal  which  gives  a 
depth  of  between  800  and  900  ft.  The 
vein  shows  ore  of  milling  grade.  The 
best  ore  in  the  upper  workings  was  ob- 
tained along  the  foot-wall.  Crosscutting 
will  be  done   for  the   Grizzly  vein. 

Wasatch-Utah — The  mill  was  started 
July  28.  The  gold-silver  ore  is  passed 
over  amalgamating  plates  from  the 
stamps  and  then  to  a  Wilfley  table  and 
vanner.  A  reservoir  for  the  water  sup- 
ply  has  been   finished. 

Carbonate — The  tramway  from  the 
mine  to  the  loading  station  is  being  re- 
paired, and  shipments  are  expected  to 
begin  about  Aug.  10.  Several  thousand 
tons  of  ore,  which  runs  about  S20  in 
lead  and  silver,  have  been  developed. 

Mineral  Flat  Extension — This  property 
is  in  the  Alta  district  on  the  ridge  between 
American  Fork  and  Little  Cottonwood 
canon.  Ore  carrying  about  S30  a  ton 
in  silver  and  copper  has  been  opened. 
The  vein  is  6  ft.  wide,  and  carries  2  ft. 
of  shipping  ore.  W.  M.-  Horner  is 
manager. 

/oii'fl  Copper — An  11 00- ft.  tunnel  has 
been  driven.  A  fissure  has  been  drifted 
on,  which  carries  lead-silver  ore.  The 
copper  ore  occurs  in  the  upper  workings 
and  extends  out  along  the  bedding  from 
the   fissure. 

Columbus  Consolidated — Four  feet  of 
shipping  ore,  together  with  ore  of  milling 
grade,  have  been  opened  for  several  sets 
on  the  contact  above  the  400-ft.  level. 

Columbus  Extension — Work  is  being 
done  through  the  main  tunnel  of  the  Co- 
lumbus Consolidated,  and  a  drift  driven 
northerly  to  cut  the  Toledo  fissure,  which 
produced  rich  ore  from  upper  workings. 

Uinta  County 

A  copper  strike  has  been  made  in  the 
southeastern  part  of  Uinta  county,  which 
is  creating  some  interest.  The  vein  can 
be  traced  several  miles.  Dragon,  Utah, 
about  80  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  rail- 
road point. 

Utah  County 

Union  Chief — Lead-silver  ore  has  been 
struck  in  drifting  from  a  winze  below  the 
upper  tunnel.  The  lower  tunnel  is  in 
1400  ft.,  and  it  is  expected  that  ore  will 
be  encountered  about  300  ft.  farther  on. 
The  distance  between  the  tunnel  levels 
is  360  ft.  The  property  is  in  Eldorado 
district. 


Washington 

Ferry  County 

British  Columbia  Copper — Work  has 
started  on  the  erection  of  a  20-stamp  mill 
near  Napoleon. 

Knob  Hill — Some  rich  ore  has  been 
struck  at  this  property.  Joe  McFarland 
is  superintendent. 

King  County 

Seattle  Cascade — F.  G.  Winquist  and 
Robert  Dixson,  of  Seattle,  are  interested 
in  this  property.  Considerable  develop- 
ment work  has  been  done  and  it  is  ex- 
pected that  by  Oct.  1  the  concentrating 
plant  will  be  in  operation. 

Stevens  County 

Pacific  Copper — A  shipment  of  new 
mining  machinery  has  just  been  received. 
J.  Hosea  is  in  charge  of  the  work. 

Aladdin — A  500-ft.  crosscut  adit  will 
be  run  on  this  property  near  Northport. 
Other  development  work  is  under  con- 
sideration. 

Montezuma — Warner  Axelson,  of  Enan- 
ville,  is  making  arrangements  to  erect  a 
smeltery  three  miles  south  of  Blue  creek. 

Yakima  County 

Placer  gold  has  been  found  in  the 
gravel  of  the  bed  of  the  Yakima  river 
near  Thrall.  Claims  have  been  filed 
covering  nearly  three  miles  along  the 
channel.  After  sinking  several  feet,  a 
pay  streak  was  found  yielding  an  ounce 
of  gold   per  day   per  man. 


Canada 
British    Columbia 

A  quartz  strike  has  been  made  in  the 
Hope  mountains  at  the  head  of  the  Skagit 
river.  Some  rich  samples  have  been  taken 
out. 

Forest  fires  are  raging  throughout  man\ 
portions  of  British  Columbia,  and  a  great 
amount  of  damage  has  been  done  to 
mine  buildings  and  tramways. 

Stewart — Considerable  work  is  being 
done  on  this  gold  and  silver  property  on 
Glacier  creek.  William  Piggott,  of  Victoria, 
is  president. 

Queen — This  mine  in  the  Nelson  dis-  ■ 
trict   recently   shipped  two  bars  of  gold 
bullion.     One  was  valued  at  S5000.         ■ 

Blue   Bell — The   plant   near   Ainsworth  ' 
will  be   enlarged   in   the   near   future.     It 
is  owned   by  the  Canadian   Metal  Com- 
pany. 

Van  Roi — Development  on  No.  4  level 
of  the  south  vein  has  proved  so  satisfac- 
tory that  it  has  been  decided  to  proceed 
with  the  erection  of  a  concentrating  mil'- 
The  Wakefield  mill  now  used  is  only  held 
under  short  lease.  Ernest  Levy.  Ross- 
land,  is  manager. 

Hedley—The  orebody  in  the  upper 
workings  of  the  Nickel  Plate  mine  is  80 


August  20,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


385 


ft.  wide  .ind  averages,  $12  in  gold  per  ton. 
Two  orebodies  are  being  opened  by 
north  and  south  drifts  in  the  lower  adit, 
now  in  about  1000  ft.  and  500  ft.  below 
surface.  An  electric  tramway  is  being 
constructed  to  the  portal  of  the  lower 
adit.  In  the  Bulldog  workings  the  ore- 
shoot  is  25  to  30  ft.  wide.  Tube  mills, 
Deister  tables  and  a  circular  filter  press 
are  being  added  to  the  equipment  of  the 
40-stamp  mill  and  cyanide  plant.  A  recent 
change  in  mill  practice  has  increased  the 
efficiency  25  per  cent. 

Consolidated  Mining — The  compressor 
plant  at  the  No.  10  mine  was  destroyed 
In  a  recent  fire. 

Rawhide — The  New  Dominion  Copper 
Company  controls  this  mine  and  at  pres- 
ent 50  men  are  at  work.  Regular  ship- 
ments will  be  started  within  one  month. 

British  Columbia  Copper — The  three 
furnaces  at  the  smeltery  are  again  in 
full  blast,  and  the  returns  are  approach- 
ing those  of  recent  years.  The  smeltery 
is  now  treating  approximately  2000  tons 
of  ore  daily. 

Joker — The  West  Kootenay  Mining 
Corporation,  Ltd.,  has  acquired  control 
of  the  Joker  mine.  A  new  plant  including 
a  mill  will  be  installed.  A.  Fornier,  of 
Kaslo,  is  superintendent. 

True  Fissure — A  new  tramway  is  being 
installed  from  the  mine  to  South  Lake 
City.  Ten  carloads  of  ore,  shipped  re- 
cently, averaged  S60  per  ton.  N.  W.  Em- 
mens  is  engineer  in  charge. 

Ontario 

Ore  Shipments — Shipments  of  ore 
from  Cobalt  for  the  week  ended  Aug.  8 
were  as  follows:  Buffalo,  59,000  lb.; 
Coniagas,  72,990;  Crown  Reserve,  211,- 
232;  Hargraves,  60,000;  Kerr  Lake, 
60,129;  La  Rose,  309,600;  McKinley-Dar- 
ragh,  103,990;  Nipissing,  129,360;  Right 
of  Way,  122,570;  Silver  Cliff,  02,780; 
Temiskaming,  53,000;  Trethewey,  41,300; 
Standard  Cobalt.  63  992;  Rochester, 
60,750.     Total,  1,401,593  pounds. 

Temiskaming — A  statement  Issued  cov- 
ering the  first  half  of  the  company's 
financial  year  shows  a  favorable  balance 
of  S179,496.  The  production  of  silver 
was  851,745  oz.,  against  670,930  for  the 
entire  preceding  year.  The  milling  re- 
serves in  the  mine,  shown  in  the  last  an- 
nual report,  remain  untouched,  while  the 
dump  reserve  has  been  reduced  by  800 
tons.  The  main  shaft  has  been  put  down 
to  ,^20  ft.,  and  cro?scutting  to  vein  No.  2 
begun  from  the  500- ft.  station.  The  work 
of  opening  up  veins  Nos.  1,  2  and  4  on 
the  400- ft.  level  has  been  attended  with 
gratifying  results.  The  high-grade  re- 
serves have  been  trebled. 

Canadian  Smelting  &  Refining — An 
agreement  has  been  made  between  this 
company  and  the  municipal  authorities 
of  Orillia,  Ont.,  under  which  the  com- 
pany will  locate  in  that  town.  The  smelt- 
ing company  is  to  receive  a   free  site  of 


nine  acres,  and  electric  light  and  power 
on   favorable  terms. 

Doctor  Reddick — This  Larder  Lake 
company  has  gone  into  liquidation. 

La  Rose — Two  promising  veins  have 
been  discovered  on  the  2Q0-ft.  level  of  the 
Fisher-Fplett   property. 

Townsite — A  new  vein  of  high-grade 
ore  was  struck  in  the  No.  7  shaft. 

Silver  Alliance — At  this  Elk  Lake  prop- 
erty a  rich  surface  vein  has  been  dis- 
covered. 

Hudson  Hay — A  new  high-grade  vein 
has  been  found  on  the  second  level.  It 
is  6  in.  wide. 

Provincial — A  diamond  drill  is  being 
used  to  prospect  the  swampy  ground. 

Foley-O'Brien — Work  has  been  stop- 
ped on  account  of  lack  of  supplies  at 
Porcupine. 

Dome  Extension — Work  will  not  be  re- 
sumed until  the  road  from  Matheson  has 
been  cut  through. 

Laurcntide  Mica — Large  additions  are 
being  made  to  this  plant  and  the  most 
improved  machinery  introduced. 

Thompson-Gmvganda — A  good  vein  12 
in.  wide  has  been  struck  on  the  surface 
and  uncovered  for  100  feet. 

Dome — Shortage  of  provisions  at  Por- 
cupine has  resulted  in  a  temporary  sus- 
pension of  operations.  Diamond  drilling 
has  resulted  in  the  discovery  of  a  vein 
showing  free  gold  100  ft.  in  depth.  The 
large  payment  on  the  working  option  due 
Aug.  1  has  been  met. 


Mextco 

Mexico 

El  Oro— Returns  for  July:  Mill  No.  2 
ran  30  days;  crushed  31,020  tons  of  ore; 
yielded  bullion  valued  at  S205,390;  work- 
ing expenses,  S95.610;  expenditure  on  de- 
velopment, S2 1,800;  profit,  S87.980; 
profit  on  railway,  $5000;  expenditure  on 
permanent   improvements,  $2000. 

Mexico  Mines — Returns  for  July:  Mill 
ran  31  days;  crushed  11.384  tons  of  ore; 
yielded  bullion  valued  at  $129,760;  work- 
ing expenses,  $42,510;  expenditure  on 
development,  $I0,.500;  profit,  $76,750; 
expenditure  on  penrianent  improvements, 
$9000. 

Oaxaca 

Alta  Gracia — In  the  Totolapam  section 
of  Oaxaca,  Harold  Sturges  and  asso- 
ciates have  taken  a  working  option  on 
this  group  of  mines,  owned  by  the  Rick- 
ards  brothers  of  Oaxaca.  He  has  also 
taken  an  option  on  the  Maria  and  Refugio 
groups  In  the  Xobaguia  camp  owned  by 
the  same  men.  Active  prospecting  is  to 
begin  at  once.  The  Alta  Gracia  camp 
Is  one  of  the  old  Spanish  silver  camps 
of  Oax.ica  that  was  extensively  worked 
in  colonial  times. 

Terehuaje — In  the  Tcpehuaje  mine, 
Xobaguia  camp,  a  strike  of  high-grade 
silver  ore  is  reported,  the  width  of  vein 


being  given  as  about  4  ft.,  and  the  aver- 
rge  value  at  about  3  kg.  of  silver  per  ton. 
The  shaft  is  down  about  150  ft.  John 
Hall  is  owner. 

Freight  Charges — The  charges  from 
Xobaguia  to  Oaxaca  are  reported  to  be 
about  24  pesos  per  ton.  The  freight  and 
treatment  charges  in  Oaxaca  are  from 
42  to  50  pesos  per  ton  of  ore. 

Coneja — W.  E.  McEwen,  who  is  in 
charge,  Is  developiig  good  milling  ore. 
He  is  treating,  in  a  small  arrastra,  ore 
running  about  2  or  3  kg.  of  silver  per  ton, 
and  from  6  to  10  grams  of  gold.  This 
ore  is  the  remnant  of  sorting  for  shipping 
ores. 

Exploration — R.  M.  Raymond,  acting 
for  the  Exploration  Company  of  England 
and  Mexico,  Ltd.,  has  concluded  arrange- 
ments with  Messrs.  Rickards,  of  Oaxaca, 
for  a  working  option  en  their  holdings, 
in  the  Sierra  Juarez  camp,  as  well  as 
those  of  Maurice  Clark.  The  principal 
mines  involved  are  the  Manchega,  the 
Corazon,  the  Purisima,  the  San  Antonio, 
San  Cayetano  and  the  Santa  Rosa.  This 
Is  the  third  foreign  company  to  enter 
this  important  gold-silver  camp. 

Zacatecas 

San  Ernesto — The  mine  is  shipping 
about  one  carload  of  sulphide  ore  per 
week,  carrying  20  to  30  grams  of  gold. 
The  malacate  hoist  is  to  be  replaced  by  a 
steam  hoist. 

Zaragoza — The  mill  has  been  running 
on  the  lower  grades  of  ore  from  the  mine, 
and  shipping  the  concentrates  to  the 
Aguascalientes  smelter.  At  present  the 
mill  is  shut  down  for  the  purpose  of 
overhauling  some  of  the  machinery. 

Asturiana — New  boilers,  hoists,  and 
pumps  are  now  on  the  ground,  and  the 
work  of  installation  is  being  rapidly 
pushed.  The  property  is  owned  by  San 
Luis  Potosi  men. 


Africa 
Transvaal 
The  completed  report  gives  the  gold 
output  of  the  Transvaal  in  July  at  638,- 
714  oz.,  which  is  13,533  oz.  more  than  in 
June  and  17,920  oz.  more  than  in  July, 
1909.  For  the  seven  months  ended  July 
31  the  total  was  4,196.952  oz.  in  1909,  and 
4,301,219  oz.— or  $88,906.197— In  1910; 
an  increase  of  104,267  oz.  this  year. 

South  .iJimerica 
Peru 
Cerro  de  Pasco — This  company  during 
the  year  ended  June  30  produced  more 
than  32,000,000  lb.  of  copper.  This  com- 
pares with  27,000,000  lb.  in  the  preceding 
year,  and  21.000.000  lb.  two  years  ago. 
Notwithstanding  altitude  and  other  ad- 
verse conditions  the  company  has  laid  its 
copper  down  in  New  York  for  about  7c. 
per  pound,  this  low  cost,  of  course,  being 
due  to  precious  metals,  which  are  credited 
tn  operations. 


386 


THE    ENGlfsEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,   1910. 


^  J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


^       jf^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
^Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 

New  York,  Aug.  17 — Activity  in  the 
coal  trade  is  dominated  by  Western  needs, 
though  the  Eastern  market  for  steam 
coals  shows  slight  improvement  and  a 
decidedly  stimulated  demand  for  gas  coal 
for  Western  consumption.  It  is  expected 
that  large  consumers  who  have  permitted 
their  contracts  to  lapse  will  soon  enter 
the   market   actively   to   replenish   stocks. 

At  Western  points  the  demand  is  un- 
fEually  active  and  all  sizes  are  getting 
scarce.  With  the  cool  weather  in  pros- 
pect and  the  Illinois  strike  unsettled  it 
is  likely  that  there  will  be  a  scramble 
among  dealers  to  cover  autumn  demands. 
The  Indiana  operators  are  reaping  ,a 
iiarvest  as  a  result  of  their  temporary 
agreement  with  the  miners  pending  the 
results  of  the  joint  conference.  While 
the  Illinois  field  is  idle,  Indiana  mines  are 
working  at  full  capacity  and  the  indica- 
t'ons  are  that  a  record  output  will  be 
shown   for  this  season. 

Strike  Conditions — The  special  national 
convention  of  the  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America  has  been  in  session  this  week 
at  Indianapolis,  but  up  to  the  time  of  go- 
ing to  press,  no  settlement  has  been  ef- 
fected. The  differences  between  President 
Walker,  of  the  Illinois  miners,  and  Na- 
tional President  Thomas  L.  Lewis  will 
doubtless  be  brought  to  a  focus,  after 
which  more  earnest  attention  will  be  given 
to  the  settlement  of  the  wage  scale. 
Coal  Traffic   Notes 

Coal  shipments  over  the  Virginian  rail- 
way from  West  Virginia  in  June,  are  re- 
ported at  86,626  tons. 

Aithracite-coal  shipments  by  Lake 
from  Buffalo  for  the  season  to  Aug.  1 
were  1.882.800  long  tons,  an  increase  of 
412,465   tons   over   last   year. 

Coal  receipts  at  Boston,  seven  months 
ended  July  31,  reported  by  Chamber  of 
Commerce : 


Anthracite. 

Bituratuous  . ... 


I'JO'J. 

08:1,572 

....  l,'j:«,7»l 


I'JIU. 
1,015,112 
2,:i60,421 


Total  (lomMgtlc. 


2.917.303    3.375.533 


ForHign 152,504 


17 


704 


Chaii^L'S. 
I.  31  ..540 
I.  I'JC.IWO 

I.  45S,230 
I.    23.2110 


Total 3.lli;'.),MII7     3„551.2'.I7       I    4H1,4!I0 

Coal  tonnage  originating  on  the  lines 
of  the  Southern  railway,  five  months 
ended  May  31.  was:  Tennessee  district, 
514,432;  Alabama  district,  1,243,932; 
total,  1,757.364  short  tons,  an  increase  of 
282,768  tons  over  last  year. 

Shipments  of  Broad  Top  coal  over  the 
Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  road,  seven 
i"onths  ended  July  31,  were  2,33,559  tons 
in   1909,  and  370,916  in   1910. 


The  foreign  coal  is  nearly  all  from 
Nova   Scotia   mines. 

Coal  shipments  through  the  Sault  Ste. 
Marie  canals  for  the  season  to  Aug.  1, 
short  tons: 


Anthracite. . 
Bituminous. 


1909.  1910.  ChaiifiM. 

629.981  815.070    I.        l.-<5.08'.l 

3,315.236        5.425,430     I.    2.110.194 


Total 3.945, 'J17  tl.24ll.5{UI     I.     2,295,283 

The   total   increase   reported   this  year 
is  58.2  per  cent. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Aug.  17 — The  anthracite  trade  is  quiet, 
as  usual  at  this  season.  Some  of  the 
large  collieries  are  running  short  time, 
and  will  probably  continue  to  do  so  until 
the   end   of  the   month. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
S4.65  for  broken  and  $4.90  for  egg, 
stove  and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor points.  For  steam  sizes,  current 
quotations  are:  Pea,  S2.95 I'd 3.25;  buck- 
wheat, S2.15r((2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or 
rice,  SI.65r,/2;  barley,  SI  35f'/ 1.50;  all 
according  to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor. 

Bituminous 

The  market  for  steam  coals  on  the  At- 
lantic seaboard  shows  some  slight  im- 
provement, but  is  not  strong.  Prices  are 
low,  ranging  from  90c.  fiiS  1.25  at  the 
mines  according  to  the  grade,  or  S2.45'(/ 
2.80,  f.o.b..  New  York  harbor  shipping 
points.  The  demand  for  gas  coal  con- 
tinues to  be  strong  in  the  West  and 
it  does  not  seem  likely  that  production 
will  equal  demand.  As  a  consequence, 
prices  are  being  governed  by  the  Western 
needs,  although  the  same  trade  is  dull  in 
the  East.  Prices  on  Faimiount  gas  coal 
are  SI. 10  for  I'/^-in.  lump,  SI  for  y^-\\\. 
coal,  90c.  run-of-mine  and  50c.  for  slack, 
with  little  available  for  purchase.  Large 
consumer,  who  let  contracts  lapse  have 
to  split  their  business  in  order  to  replen- 
ish stocks. 

Transportation  fpcilities  are  about  up 
to  schedule,  car  sucplv  toeing  good.  In 
the  coastwise  trade  there  is  an  abundance 
of  vessels  available.  Rates  from  New 
York  harbor  around  Cape  Cod  are  gener- 
ally 50'?(55c.  and  from  Philadelphia  65f<( 
70c.  to  Boston,  Salem  and  Portland. 

Birmingham 
Aug.  15 — The  cnal  trade  in  Ala'^ama 
is  unusually  active.  There  is  demand  for 
every  ton  of  coal  that  can  be  mined  and 
as  a  consequence  there  is  steady  opera- 
tion in  almost  every  mine  in  the  State. 
The  railroads  are  handling  the  situation 
satisfactorilv.     The  iron  highways  are  in- 


terested in  some  of  the  big  business  that 
has  recently  been  given  the  coal  compan- 
ies in  this  State.  Shipments  of  coal  to 
the  western  and  southwestern  States  af- 
fected t  'abor  troubles  are  beginning  to 
amount  to  something  and  good  prices  pre- 
vail for  coal.  All  estimates  as  to  the 
year's  output  place  the  amount  above 
15,000,000  tons,  the  largest  amount  ever 
produced  in  the  State. 

The  production  of  coke  is  being  held 
up  to  its  high-water  mark.  The  demand 
'S  active  and  some  of  the  iron  companies 
are  making  efforts  to  accumulate  some 
coke  for  future  use,  the  intention  being 
to  have  a  good  stock  on  hand  so  that 
when  the  furnaces  go  back  into  full  oper- 
ation there  will  be  plenty  of  coke  for  both 
the  open  market  and  iron  making. 


Chicago 

Aug.  15 — The  coal  market,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  new  supplies  from  Illinois 
mines,  continues  to  absorb  heavy  re- 
c>;ipts  from  Indiana  and  the  East.  Buy- 
ing is  more  liberal  with  the  general 
realization  by  consumers  that  supplies 
from  Illinois  cannot  possibly  arrive  in 
any  quantity,  for  several  weeks,  while 
the  needs  of  autumn  activity  and  cool 
weather  become  more  and  more  apparent. 
The  apprehension  of  a  congestion  of 
tiaffic  that  will  delay  coal  snipments  on 
later  orders  is  also  manifested,  so  that 
buying  may  now  be  said  to  be  liberal. 
Prices  remain  about  as  last  week,  Indiana 
coal  selling  on  cars  at  S2i?(2.15  for  lump, 
S1.90r(/2.05  for  run-of-mine  and  S1.90W 
2.10  for  screenings.  More  lump  and 
run-of-mine  are  being  sold,  but  the 
screenings  trade    continues    very  heavy. 

There  is  no  surplus  coal  on  tracks, 
from  any  source,  and  consequently  prices 
are  firmly  maintained.  Smokeless  coal, 
both  lump  and  run-of-mine,  is  in  good 
demand,  at  S3.55  and  $3.15  r^'-'i-ctively. 
Hocking  also  sells  well,  at  S3. 15,  and 
other  coals  from  east  of  Indiana  are 
steady,  though  not  showing  any  great 
inrroTces.  Anthracite  sales  are  light  and 
probably  will  continue  so  until  cool 
weather  makes  the  need  of  storage  piles 
apparent. 

Indianapolis 
Aug.  15 — The  coal  market  at  the 
Indiana  mines  has  probably  never  been 
better  at  this  period  of  the  year  than 
during  the  first  two  weeks  of  August. 
The  semi-monthly  pay  rolls  last  Saturday 
were  as  large  as  any  during  the  enuit 
history  of  the  industry  in  the  iimo. 
Present   indications   are   that   the   output 


August  20,  1910 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


387 


will  run  above  15.000.000  tons,  or  more 
than  2,000,000  above   the    record   output. 

T!:e  Indiana  operators  are  rejoicing 
ever  the  fact  that  they  accepted  a  tem- 
porary contract  pending  joint-conference 
results,  thus  managing  to  keep  the  mines 
busy  while  the  Illinois  field  was  idle. 
They  have  profited  by  maintaining  a  good 
market  for  their  output  during  the  last 
three  months. 

At  a  meeting  of  miners  of  the 
block  coalfield  of  Clay  county,  a  re- 
sc!".tion  was  passed  pledging  their  sup- 
port to  President  T.  L.  Lewis,  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America.  The 
miners  of  this  district  regard  the  situa- 
tion in  the  organization  as  critical  and 
consider  sending  a  petition  to  John 
.Mitchell  urging  him  to  come  back  to  the 
miners  in  the  belief  that  he  is  the  only 
man  who  can  restore  peace  and  preserve 
the  union. 


Pittsburg 

Aug.  16 — Production  of  coal  has  been 
curtailed  generally  in  all  districts  during 
the  last  fortnight  on  account  of  less- 
ened demand,  and  this  week  a  holiday  re- 
duces output  further.  Lake  shipments 
continue  heavy,  but  are  hardly  up  to  ex- 
pectations of  earlier  in  the  season.  Prices 
£re  pretty  well  maintained  on  the  former 
level,  as  follows:  Mine-run  and  nut, 
S1.20r((  1.25;  .i_i-in.,  S1.30;  domestic  1'^- 
in.  lump,  SI. 50;  slack,  70iV(80c.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke—The  H.  C.  Frick 
Coke  Company  is  understood  to  be  run- 
ning five  days  per  week  at  most  of  its 
plants  for  a  couple  of  weeks  in  order  to 
reduce  output  and  stocks  slightly.  Out- 
side production  continues  at  the  old  gait, 
and  is  well  absorbed,  despite  lessened 
pig-iron  production,  the  maintenance  of 
demand  for  Connellsville  coke  being  evi- 
dently due  to  lessened  use  of  other  cokes. 
The  market  has  been  almost  bare  of 
transactions,  but  prices  seem  to  be  well 
maintained  at  the  former  level.  We  re- 
peat quotations  for  standard  grades  of 
Connellsville  coke  as  follows,  per  net 
ton  at  ovens:  Prompt  furnace,  Sl.OSri/ 
1.70;  contract  furnace  (nominal),  SI. 75 
''/LSS;  prompt  foundry,  S2. ISri/ 2.25; 
contract  foundry,  S2.25r(;  2.50. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
ropion  in  the  week  ended  A'le.  0  at  406.- 
505  tons,  a  decrease  of  3000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  4093  cars  to  Pittsburc.  5348 
cars  to  points  west  and  858  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  10,299  cars,  an  increase  of 
two  cars. 


St.  Louis 

Aug.  15 — The  coal  situation  through 
the  West  has  tightened  decidedly  during 
the  last  wppk  and  every  size  is  extremely 
scarce.  The  demand  from  railroads  is 
strong  enough  to  take  care  of  oractiallv 
all  the  coal  that  is  being  produred.  With 
a  strong  and  growing  demand  from  deal- 


ers it  can  be  readily  seen  that  soon  there 
will  not  be  enough  coal  to  go  around. 

Prices  are  stiff  and  are  advancing  al- 
most daily.  Railroads  and  large  industries 
are  pressed  for  coal  and  are  not  haggling 
about  the  price  but  are  taking  everything 
that  is  being  offered  at  anything  like 
the  market  price.  Several  railroads  need 
coal  badly  and  are  willing  to  pay  more 
for  mine-run  than  dealers  are  for  lump 
consequently  it  is  not  hard  to  see  who  is 
getting  the  coal.  From  the  present  out- 
look prices  will  go  sky  hig'i  next  month 
as  then  dealers  will  be  forced  to  buy  no 
matter  what  the  price  is.  The  biggest 
scramble  for  coal  is  anticipated  next 
month  that  has  been  seen  in  the  history 
of  the  coal  trade  here. 

The  marlxt  on  anthracite  coal  has  im- 
proved and  all  sizes  are  in  strong  de- 
mand. Chestnut,  in  fact,  has  become 
scarce  already.  This  scarcity  of  chestnut 
comes  early  this  year  and  probably  t^ere 
will  be  an  unusual  shortage  of  it  this 
season. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are    as    follows: 

St. 
Illinoi.s,  Stamlard:  Mine.     Louus. 

6-in.  liui'.p  anil  egg $1.70  $2.22 

2-in.  Iii::ip  and  nut 1.40  1.92 

.Min;'-r\i:i •     1  ,:iO  1 .82 

.Screenings 1 .  10  1 .62 

Trenton: 

6-in.  Innip  and  egg 2.00       2.,'>2 

3-in.  nut 1.75       2.27 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

G-iii.  lump 1 .  70  2.22 

2-iri.  nut 1.60  2.12 

Mine-run 1 .  50  2 .  02 

Screenings 1 .  50  2 .  02 

Cartervilie: 

6-in.  liiiiip  or  egg 2.00  2.67 

3-in.  mil 1.7.1  2  42 

Xline-nin 1.50  2.17 

Screenings 1.30  1.U7 

Poialiontas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 1.75        4   2.'> 

iMinc-run 1.50       4.00 

I'enns.vlvania  Anthracite: 

Nul.  stove  or  egg 6.S.") 

Urate    6.60 

Arkansas  .Vnlhracite: 

Kgg  or  grate 3.35       5.35 

Coke: 

CoiMiellsville  foundry 5.40 

Clas  hou.se 4 .  90 

Sniilliiiig  . 4    13 

Reports  from  the  Indianapolis  conven- 
tion seem  to  show  that  there  is  no  hope 
for  a  reconciliation  between  Lewis  and 
Walker  and  that  it  is  now  a  fight  for 
supremacy  between  them.  As  the  Il- 
linois operators  are  dealing  with  Lewis, 
who  is  the  national  head,  and  as  Lewis 
seems  to  have  no  control  over  the  Il- 
linois body  of  miners  headed  by  Walker 
there  seems  to  be  no  chance  of  a  settle- 
ment between  the  miners  and  operators 
of  Illinois  until  the  internal  troubles 
among  the  United  Mine  Workers  of 
America  are  settled.  In  fact,  the  whole 
affair  is  in  about  as  bad  a  mess  as  pos- 
sible and  there  seems  to  be  no  chance  for 
any  kind  of  a  settlement  in  the  near 
future. 

It  is  more  a  matter  of  politics  than 
of  a  wage  scale  now  and  everybody 
is  at  loggerheads.     Mr.  Walker,  who  is 


backed  unusually  strongly  by  the  Illinois 
miners,  and  who  has  been  stubborn  and 
arbitrary  from  the  first,  evidently  will 
not  be  contented  unless  he  has  a  com- 
plete victory  over  the  rest  of  the  United 
Mine  Workers  as  well  as  the  Illinois  op- 
erators. In  this  event  he  will  be  the 
dominant  figure  in  the  United  Mine 
Workers  of  America,  which  would  be  very 
galling  to  the  rest  of  the  operators  in  the 
country  as  he  is  perhaps  the  most  radical 
and  disliked  labor  leader  in  the  country. 


FOREICNCOALTRADE 


German  Coal  Production — Coal  pro- 
duction in  German  Empire,  half-year 
ended  June  30,  metric  tons: 

I'.iii'.i.  1!)1().         Changes. 

Coal Tl.'.llH.lU      73,:.'J9.(i90     T..l,i-u,:i~t> 

Brown  coal a^4-22.2'Jl      32,aGl,.'i3G    D.       GU,G85 


Total  mined..  1U4,:K7,:)35    105,091,226     I.  l.3(a,891 

Coke  nuiile 10,:iftS.742      11.412.943      1.1,044.201 

Brl.|U.'t»  made.      H.'.WJ.HR2        9.1.i.''..330      I.     222.448 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year 
7,059,928  tons  were  made  from  brown 
coal  or  lignite. 

German  Coal  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  fuel  in  Germany,  half-year 
ended  June  30,  metric  tons: 

Exports.  Imports.           Excess. 

Coal 10.90:1.1 '.15  B.OHO.OKU  Exp.    6.SH2,.';i5 

Brown  coal...          .SO,4:i8  3,i;il,27B  Imp.    3..>S0,H3« 

Coke 1,9(12.254  3114,403  Exp.    l,r>.i7,H51 

Brliiuets 879,100  110,0(;4  Exp.       70S,430 

Total 13,«:i4.9«7      9,1117,023     Exp.    4,727.904 

Total,  1>.I09..  12, ll»7,970      9,890,148     Exp.    2,771,H22 

The  exports  this  year  included  39.157 
tons  of  coke  to  the  United  States. 

Transvaal  Coal  Production — Total  coal 
mined  in  the  Transvaal,  four  months 
ended  April  30  was  1,766,063  short  tons, 
of  which  480,648  tons,  or  27.2  per  cent., 
were  sorted  or  screened  out  as  waste. 
Coal  sold  and  delivered  was  1,281,403 
tons;  the  average  price  at  mines  being 
SI. 21  per  ton. 

Straits  Settlements  Coal  Imports — Im- 
ports of  coal  into  the  Straits  Settlements 
were  738,652  tons  in  1908  and  (576,713 
in  1909;  decrease,  61,939  tons.  The  im- 
ports in  1909  included  241,203  tons  from 
Japan,  137,918  from  Australia,  125,341 
from  Bengal,  and  53,522  from  Great 
Britain. 

Coal  in  Russia — Coal  production  in  the 
Donetz  basin,  five  months  ended  May  31, 
was  4403  metric  tons,  a  decrease  of  413,- 
000  tons.  The  decrease  was  chiefly  due 
to  the  prevalence  of  cholera  in  the  dis- 
trict. 

Welsh  Coal  Pr/ces— Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  Aug.  6:  Best  Welsh  steam,  $3.96; 
seconds,  S3.78;  thirds.  S3. 60;  d'v  coals, 
S3.60;  best  Monmouthshire,  S3.54;  sec- 
onds, S3. 42;  best  steam  smalls,  S2.16; 
seconds,  SI. 92.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2''.  per  cent,  discount 


388 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


S  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW   S 


New  York,  Aug.  17 — The  midsummer 
dullness  in  the  iron  and  steel  trades  con- 
tinues as  far  as  the  trading  market  is 
concerned,  but  a  sharp  contrast  is  noticed 
in  the  Pittsburg  district  between  the  trad- 
ing situation  and  the  actual  tonnage  of 
material  moving  from  the  mills.  Produc- 
tion is  being  fairly  maintained,  though  in 
places  curtailment  has  been  made. 

In  some  quarters  it  is  predicted  that  the 
progress  being  made  in  clearing  up  the 
situation  as  to  freight-rate  advances  will 
lead  to  heavier  railroad  buying  soon, 
though  orders  may  be  w-ithheld  until  after 
the  elections.  While  buying  of  rails, 
track  material  and  general  supplies  is  at 
present  light,  it  is  stated  on  good  author- 
ity that  each  of  two  large  steel-car  build- 
ers has  about  10,000  cars  on  its  books, 
and  as  each  makes  about  100  cars  daily, 
this  is  practically  business  enough  to  run 
them  to  the  end  of  the  year. 

Sales  of  pig  iron  continue  to  be  light 
and  at  shaded  prices  generally,  though 
sevei'al  important  orders  have  been 
placed  during  the  week  at  slightly  better 
prices;  this,  however,  was  largely  due  to 
special  conditions  required  by  the  con- 
sumers. Sales  of  Southern  pig  are  light, 
the  manufacturers  preferring  to  curtail 
production  rather  than  sell  below  present 
prices. 

There  is  a  slightly  better  demand  in 
some  quarters  for  sheet  bars  and  unfin- 
ished steel,  but  the  fi  'shed-material  mar- 
ket continues  dull  in  nearly  all  centers. 
Prices  for  galvanized  sheets  particularly 
are  being  shaded,  both  for  flat  sheets  and 
corrugated   material. 


Baltimore  , 

Aug.  15 — Receipts  of  iron  ore  at  Balti- 
more from  Cuba  for  the  week  were  23,- 
050  tons.  The  imports  of  manganese  ore 
at  Baltimore  were  11,902  tons,  about 
equally  divided  between  Russian  and 
Brazilian  ports.  On  Aug.  8,  S.  S.  Mar- 
ianne brought  from  Trieste,  4500  tons  of 
ferromanganese. 

Birmingham 
Aug.  15 — A  few  car-lot  sales  of  pig 
iron  are  being  made  in  this  territory. 
The  iron  market  continues  quiet  and  the 
manufacturers  are  holding  out  for  im- 
provement. The  refusal  to  sell  the  prod- 
uct on  a  basis  of  SI  1  per  ton.  No.  2  foun- 
dry, is  reiterated,  and  the  sale  of  a  few 
car  lots  of  iron,  immediate  delivery,  at  a 
price  as  high  as  S12  per  ton,  is  pointed 
to  as  showing  some  strength.  Unless 
there  is  a  decided  change  in  the  condi- 
tions between  now  and  the  first  of  the 
coming  month  there  is  likely  to  be  further 
curtailment  planned. 

A  few  inquiries  for  iron  have  been 
coming  in  recently,  but  the  consuming  el- 
ement is  looking  for  iron  on  a  Sll  per  ton 


basis,  delivery  between  now  and  the  end 
of  the  year,  and  the  manufacturers  have 
not  been  willing  to  trade  with  them. 
The  single-car  lots  have  been  going  to 
consumers  who  are  tiding  over  the  dull 
spell,  waiting  to  buy  more  or  less  in 
quantity  when  the  conditions  begin  act- 
ually improving  or  showing  signs  of  im- 
provement in  the  near  future. 
There  is  no  accumulation  of  iron  at  the 
present  in  the  Southern  territory  worthy 
of  mention.  However,  the  shipments  are 
in  the  main  on  old  orders  and  to  con- 
cerns which  are  always  supplied  by  the 
Southern  manufacturers.  The  home  con- 
sumption IS  holding  up  fairly  well,  the 
cast-iron  pipe  makers  in  particular  melt- 
ing a  large  quantity  of  iron,  the  various 
plants  being  in  full  operation  and  ship- 
ments equal  to  the  make.  The  pipe 
prices  continue  strong  and  the  prospects 
are  bright  for  the  necessity  of  keeping  up 
the  make  at  practically  full  capacity 
through  the  rest  of  the  year  and  longer. 
There  is  little  activity  among  the  soil- 
pipe  makers.  Charcoal  iron  is  in  fairly 
good  demand  still,  and  quotations  are 
high.  Basic  iron  is  not  as  easily  sold 
as  heretofore. 

The  steel  situation  in  Southern  terri- 
tory shows  little  change  and  the  produc- 
tion is  likely  to  be  curtailed  by  the  end 
of  the  month  if  there  is  no  improvement 
in  the  demand.  Steel  rod,  wire  and  nails 
are  in  fairly  good  demand  and  the  prices 
will  give  a  little  profit. 


mand.  Railroad  supplies  show  no 
marked  improvement.  It  is  hoped  that  a 
decided  improvement  will  come  with  the 
passing  of  the  summer  season. 


Chicago 

Aug.  15 — Sales  of  pig  iron  continue 
to  be  light,  though  the  tendency  of  melt- 
ers,  has  seemed  in  the  last  week  to  grow 
favorable  to  increased  buying.  The  price 
of  Southern  iron,  the  index  to  the  local 
market  at  least,  has  not  changed  mater- 
ially. No.  2  Southern  can  be  bought  for 
$11(V/ 11.50,  Birmingham,  which  means 
S15.35((/  15.85,  Chicago,  with  the  high- 
er figure  the  cne  most  quoted  for 
such  purchases  r.s  are  in  favor  now — 
of  small  lots  for  delivery  within  30  to  90 
days  from  the  placing  of  the  order. 
Northern  No.  2  continues  steady  atS16.50 
C(i  17,  with  furnace  representatives  more 
confident  of  standing  their  ground  under 
conditions  of  reduced  output. 

The  market  drags,  most  melters  being 
unwilling  yet  to  contract  heavily  for  the 
future.  Such  sales  as  are  being  made — 
a  carload  to  500  or  600  tons  "each — are 
to  carry  the  purchaser  along  until  he 
sees  more  clearly  the  trend  of  the  market. 
When  it  shows  signs  of  a  decided  turn 
of  prices  upward  he  will  buy  heavily,  in 
all  probability.  A  belief  in  overproduc- 
tion of  pig  iron  seems  yet  fixed  in  the 
minds  of  all  but  furnace  representatives, 
and  the  effects  of  lessened  production 
are  slow  in  being  felt.  Iron  and  steel 
products  generally  show  little  activity, 
even  structural  material  being  very  dull. 
For  wire  goods  there  is  something  of  de- 


Cleveland 

Aug.  8 — Ore  shipments  from  the  Laks 
Superior  region  keep  up,  at  least  7,000,- 
000  tons  having  come  down  in  July.  Soma 
furnaces  have  asked  for  concessions  on 
prices,  but  none  have  been  made. 

Pig  Iron — There  are  some  inquiries  for 
basic  for  last  quarter.  Otherwise  only 
some  small  sales  are  reported.  Bessemer 
pig  is  quoted  at  $  1 6.25 fi/ 16.50;  No.  2 
foundry,  S14.50fa  14.75;  forge,  SHr.' 
14.25;  Lake  Superior  charcoal,  S18.50® 
19;   all   Cleveland  delivery. 

Finished  Material — Some  contracts  for 
structural  steel  and  for  bars  are  noted. 
There  is  a  little  weakening  in  prices. 
Quotations  of  1.40c.,  Pittsburg,  on  shapes 
and  plates  have  been  shaded.  Steel  bars 
are  held  at  1.40c.,  Pittsburg  base. 


Philadelphia 

Aug.  17 — The  week  has  not  shown  any 
activity  in  crude  iron  apart  from  some 
inquiries  for  all  kinds  in  which  basic  iron 
figures  chiefly.  There  has  been  no  change 
in  quotations  and  furnace  men  are  un- 
willing to  accept  business  for  future  de- 
livery at  prices  as  now  quoted.  They  are 
acquainted  with  the  fact  that  the  greater 
number  of  large  consumers  have  but 
little  iron  under  contract  for  delivery  and 
are  awaiting  further  developments  before 
covering  for  the  next  six  months.  Pipe 
iron  is  the  only  exception  to  the  rule  and 
it  continues  active.  Malleable  is  not 
selling  and  holders  look  for  no  improve- 
ment until  about  the  middle  of  September. 
Forge  is  neglected,  though  makers  are 
holding  at  old  figures.  Fair  Southern 
forge  is  offered  at  S14.50  with  Northern 
at  about  S15.50.    Basic  is  quiet  at  S15.50. 

Steel  Billets — The  consumption  of  bil- 
lets has  fallen  off  notwithstanding  the 
further   reductions. 

Bars — Midsummer  inactivity  is  ap- 
parent in  all  cessation  of  orders  and  in  a 
lack  of  inquiry. 

Sheets — Sheet-mill  production  has  been 
curtailed  somewhat  and  solicitation  is  be- 
ing put  forth  to  induce  the  larger  con- 
sumers to  anticipate  their  winter  require- 
ments sooner  than  customary. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Scarcely  any  busi- 
ness has  been  done  for  a  week  and  con- 
sumers are  too  well  supplied  to  expect 
orders  before  next  month. 

Steel  Rails — No  definite  statements  can 
be  made  concerning  the  steel-rail  trade. 
The  Pennsylvania  mills  are  slacking  up. 
Light  rails  have  declined  in  price.  Track 
material  has  also  declined. 

Scrap  —There  is  some  inquiry  for  old 
iron  rails  and  iron  and  steel  axles. 

r 


Aupust  20,  lyiO. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


389 


Pittsburg 

Aug.  ItJ — Outside  of  a  general  state- 
ment made  by  some  steel  interests  that 
the  market  shows  a  slightly  better  tone 
there  is  notliing  new  to  report  for  the 
week.  The  trading  market  is  inexpressibly 
di:il.  and  there  is  really  a  sharp  contrast 
bcf.veen  this  and  the  actual  tonnage  of 
material  moving  from  mills  on  actual 
specifications,  as  the  latter  is  remarkably 
good  considering  the  market  condition. 
On  the  whole,  production  is  well  main- 
tained, although  here  and  there  further 
curtailment  has  taken  place.  The  Pitts- 
burg Steel  Company,  the  largest  in- 
dependent wire  interest  in  the  district, 
closel  on  Saturday,  to  be  idle  until 
September  1. 

Prices  are  not  being  seriously  tested 
but  as  far  as  tests  go  they  are  well  main- 
tained at  recent  reductions,  except  that 
galvanized  sheets  have  shown  a  slight 
further  decline.  Steel  bars  remain  at  a 
minimum  of  1.40c.,  while  odd  lots  still 
bring  1.45c.  Plates  and  shapes  are  quot- 
able at  1.40  cents. 

Pig  Iron — Three  sales  of  bessemer  iron 
have  been  made  in  the  last  week  or  10 
days:  1000  tons  to  a  bessemer  steel  works 
for  prompt  delivery  at  $15.25,  Valley; 
1000  tons  to  a  special  steel  interest  at 
S15.50,  Valley,  the  extra  25c.  being  on  ac- 
count of  the  iron  being  slightly  special 
in  analysis;  800  tons,  September  to  De- 
cember delivery,  to  a  steel-casting  interest 
at  a  special  price,  made  by  special  condi- 
tions. The  market  is  regarded  as  clearly 
quotable  at  SI 5.25,  Valley,  as  formerly. 
It  is  established  that  the  5000  tons  to 
the  United  Steel  Company,  Canton,  O., 
nrtcd  last  week,  was  at  SI 4.50,  delivered, 
or  S14,  Dover  furnace  and  from  this  and 
other  considerations  basic  is  quotable  at 
SH'i/  14.25,  Valley,  according  to  tonnage 
and  delivery,  10c.  lower  than  last  week. 
Foundry  iron  is  quotable  10c.  lower  and 
malleable  25c.  lower  than  last  week. 
These  declines  merely  represent  a  sag- 
ging tendency,  with  a  moderate  amount 
of  iron  on  sale  and  the  market  with 
scarcely  any  absorbing  power.  Pig  iron 
is  belcw  cost  of  production,  based  on  pur- 
chased ore  and  coke,  and  prices  are  made 
lither   because    holders    must    sell    from 

ancial  considerations,  or  expect  ore  to 
Ik  lower  next  year  and  prefer  to  sell  now 
at  a  slipht  loss  than  take  a  larger  one 
later.  We  quote  at  Valley  furnaces,  90c. 
higher  delivered  PittsbiTg;  basic,  SH'ii 
;  1.25;      bessemer,      SIS. 25;      malleable, 

I4.,50''.(  14.75;  No.  2  foundry,  i^\4.2Sf<i 
14.40;  forge,  $13.75  per  ton. 

Ferromanganese — The  mar''.et  continues 
quiet  with  prices  still  quotable  at  ScQ'i 
39.,S0  for  prompt  and  S39.50r,(40  for  for- 
ward, f.o.b.  Baltimore,  freight  to  Pitts- 
burg being  SI. 95. 

Steel — A  slightly  heavier  demand  for 
unfinished  steel  is  reported,  particularly 
for  sheet  bars,  but  this  is  only  for  early 
deliveries.     We  repeat  former  quotations. 


but  note  that  the  market  shows  little  sign 
of  strength:  bessemer  billets,  S24.50fi/25; 
sheet  bars,  S2C;  open-hearth  billets,  S26; 
sheet  bars,  S26.50'»/ 27;  rods,  S28r/(29, 
all    f.o.b.   maker's  mill,    Pittsburg. 

Sheets — There  is  less  new  business  be- 
ing placed,  but  specifications  are  fair  and 
production  is  well  maintained.  The  trade 
has  almost  stopped  looking  for  new  of- 
ficial prices  to  be  issued  by  the  leading 
interest  and  the  market  continues  in  the 
position  of  shading  from  the  old  official 
or  nominal  prices.  As  to  galvanized  this 
shading  has  lately  increased  by  a  dollar 
per  ton,  the  market  being  S3  off  on  black 
and  S5  per  ton  off  on  galvanized,  for 
both  flat  sheets  and  corrugated  material, 
nominal  prices  being:  black  sheets, 
2.40c.;  galvanized,  3.50c.;  painted  cor- 
rugated roofing,  SI. 70  per  square;  gal- 
vanized, S3.  This  makes  black  sheets 
2.25c.  and  galvanized  3.25c.  Blue  an- 
nealed sheets  have  weakened,  and  the 
regular  price  of  1.75c.  on  No.  10  gage  is 
shaded  SI  per  ton. 


Belgian  Iron  Trade — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  iron  and  steel  in  Belgium,  five 
months  ended  May  31,  metric  tons: 


St.  Louis 

Aug.  15 — Sales  of  pig  iron  this  week 
have  been  light.  Inquiries  seem  to  be 
coming  in  more  freely,  but  it  seems  to  be 
a  hard  and  slow  process  to  turn  them  into 
orders.  All  sales  reported  are  for  small 
quantities.  The  demand  for  finished 
products  seems  to  be  better  and  it  is  antic- 
ipated that  pig  iron  will  pick  up  some- 
what in  sympathy  a  little  later.  Prices 
remain  the  same,  S11.50f(/12  per  ton 
f.o.b.  Birmingham  or  $15.25(Jv  15.75  per 
ton  St.  Louis  for  No.  2  Foundry. 


22  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE   f 


I'ritisti  Iron  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  iron  and  steel  and  of  machinery 
in  Great  Britain,  six  months  ended  June 
,10,  are  valued  by  the  Board  of  Trade  re- 
turns as  below: 

1'.)(|<J.  inio.  Clinugos. 

Iron  and  steol.  £20,048,190  £  4,:t42,401  E.  flti,(;i)r.,7H!l 

MnchlluM-y I4,0SIUHC       2.281.502  E.     ll,7'.KI,il24 

Ni'W  .ships 4,:lU0.427        E.      4,»K),427 


Ti.lnl £;in.:)2!l,l(M  £  B,62.t,!>8S  E.  £.12.70ri,14ll 

Tc.tnl,  I'.lll'.l.  ..     :)r),.'iO0,7(iO       0,244, 4li0  E.     2',l,202,;l0ll 

Increase  in  exports,  £3.822,343,  or  10.8 
per  cent.;  increase  in  imports,  £379,503, 
or  6.1  per  cent.  The  quantities  of  iron 
and  steel  were,  in  long  tons: 

1900.  1910.         OhODgPS. 

Exports 2,0I.2.T(!8    2,279,lli:)     I.    270,:wri 

Imports 50.'>,21(i        I15l),«4.'')      I.      8.'),029 

Exports  cf  hardware  and  cutlery — not 
included  above — were  valued  at  £2,470,- 
209  in  1909,  and  £3,002,025  in  1910;  an 
increase  of  £531,816  this  year. 

British  Iron  Ore  Imports — The  imports 
of  iron  ore  into  Great  Britain  for  the  si.K 
months  ended  June  30  were  2,946,087 
long  tons  in  1909,  and  3,768,880  in  1910; 
increase,  822,793  tons.  Of  the  imports 
this  year  2,721,102  tons  were  from  Spain. 


Pig  and  scrap 

lugots,    blooms, 

otc 

Flnlshodninter'l 


Imports.  Exports.        Excess. 

:ii:).842  63,701     Imp.     280,081 

40,947  34.923    Imp.         0,024 

5:1,803  411,114     E.\p.     357,311 


Totnl 438..W2        51)9,798     Exj).       71,200 

Imports  of  iron  ore,  2,090,380  tons,  an 
increase  of  405,,S30  tons  over  1909;  ex- 
ports 221,507  tons,  an  increase  of  63,- 
343  tons. 


f  I  METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


Gold  in  the  United  States  on  Aug.  1, 
as  estimated  by  Treasury  Department: 
In  banks  and  circulation,  S591, 665,438; 
in  Treasury,  current  balances,  S189,486,- 
743;  in  Treasury  against  gold  certificates, 
S870,597,fi!i9;    total   SI, 65 1,749,850.     Sil- 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


UNITED     STATES     GOLD 

AND     SILVER     MOVEMENT 

Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

Juno  1910.. 

$l,l)98.;!47 

$  4,575.917 

Imp.$  2.977..';70 

••       1909.. 

8,:i40.440 

2,.ill7,7:i5 

Exi>.      5.97.H,T11 

Yoar  19111.. 

49.r.ir.,7:rt 

19,:i88,.5Hl 

311. rjH, 2110 

••       19119.. 

G3,H:it,;a7 

20,135,592 

43.098,746 

Sllvrr: 

Juni'  1910.. 

4,687,383 

3..'tOS,17! 

Exp,      1.279.212 

•■      1909.. 

6,505,037 

4,3:i9,275 

1.105,702 

Yoar  1910.. 

27.054,218 

21,901,520 

S,l.-)2,098 

■•      1909.. 

29.359,066 

22,872.028 

•'         0.487,038 

ver  dollars  in  circulation,  572,156,154;  in 
Treasury,  S3,014,565;  held  against  cer- 
tificates, S489,474,000;  total,  S564,644,- 
719.  Subsidiary  silver  coins,  S165,105,- 
862,  making  a  total  of  S729,750,581  sil- 
ver. 

Platiriinn— There  is  little  activity  and 
prices  remained  unchanged  at  S33  per  oz. 
for  refined  platinum  and  S37.50Ci/38  per 
oz.   for  hard  metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes 
under  date  of  Aug.  4  that  the  market  is 
steady,  with  prices  unchanged.  Reports 
from  Ekaterinburg  indicate  that  owing  to 
the  prevailing  high  prices  the  lower-grade 
mines  are  preparing  for  operation.  This 
will  tend  to  increase  the  amount  of  plat- 
inum on  the  market,  probably  preventing 
further  increase  in  prices.  At  Ekaterin- 
burg, prices  are  7.40^<(7.50  rubles  per 
zolotnik;  in  St.  Petersburg,  27,500({j 
28,000  rubles  per  pood. 

Silver — The  market  has  maintained 
a  quiet  level.    China  exchanges  have  as- 

SII.VRIl    AND    STEKLING    EXCHANQB 


Aug. 

U 

12 

18 

16 

10 

17 

Now  York.... 
London  . 
Sterling  Ex.. 

63 

UK 

4.8655 

B3i„' 

21,". 

4.8505 

53,'i 

24  >, 

4.8575 

63  »i 
24?,; 

4.8585 

63« 

24,»„ 

4.8590 

B3 

24  >4 

4.8G0O 

New  York  iinolalions.  cents  per  ounce  tro.v. 
line  silver  :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver.  O.il'J.'i  line. 


390 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


sisted  in  preventing  a  further  fall.  The 
market  in  India  continues  quiet  and  fair- 
ly steady. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  Aug.  4,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell: 


India 

China 

Straits. . . 


1909. 
£3,780.600 
l.lli.'i.TOO 
82,«00 


1910. 

£3,841,600 
1,113.500 


Changes. 
I.    £      61,000 
D.  3.5->,'200 

D.  82,800 


Total £5,329,100      £4,955,100     D.    £    374.000 

Copper — The  market  has  been  strong. 
It  is  now  generally  recognized  that  ow- 
ing to  the  decrease  in  the  production  the 
position  of  the  metal  is  experiencing  a 
fundamental  improvement,  and  that  the 
present  price  is  low.  As  a  result,  buy- 
ers feel  encouraged  to  cover  their  re- 
quirements ahead.  The  market  closes 
strong  at  12? s^""  12^sC.  for  Lake  copper, 
and  12' J  f(n2.?8C.  for  electrolytic  in  cakes, 
wirebars  and  ingots.  Casting  copper  is 
quoted  nominally  at  \2],4 (ti  IZyic.  as  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  standard  market  in  London  has 
been  strong  and  advancing.  There  was 
some  realization  by  speculators,  but  their 
offerings  were  readily  absorbed.  The  mar- 
ket closes  at  £56 ',s  for  spot  and  £57 's 
for  three  months.  Refined  and  manufac- 
tured sorts  we  quote:  English  tough, 
£58  15s;  best  selected.  £60  5s.r„£60  15s.; 
strong  sheets,  £68  5s.'?/ £69  5s. 

Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

fl 

,:: 

ac 

ji 

«■  ° 

fl 

u  — 

c  c 

£>- 

"  '" 

3   U 

•z  V 

< 

u 

12 's 

Is 

wo 

a  s 

p. 
to 
S 

?50 

12li 

4.25 

5.02 

n 

(a)V2}i 

012  K 

65  Ji 

33% 

4.40 

ffl4.30 

(Si.m. 

12% 

12% 

4.25 

5.05 

12 

ffll2>i 

(SViK 

55{|i 

33K 

4.40 

©4,30 

©5.10 

12 'i 

12'4 

4.25 

5.10 

13 

(SVi'4 

®I2K 

.... 

33% 

4.40 

f5)4.30 

05.12J 

12  « 

12},' 

4.25 

5.10 

15 

01-2% 

m^y. 

6ttA 

33% 

4.40 

®4.30 

©5.15 

12 'i 

12  K 

4.25 

6.10 

16 

ffll2Ji 

ffll2fi 

66  ;< 

33  Ji 

4.40 

®4.30 

05  15 

12  >i 

12K 

4.25 

5.10 

17 

®12J4 

(S12« 

SB% 

335i 

4.40 

ffl4  30 

05.15 

London  (inotations  are  pel'  long  ton  (2240 
Ml.  I  slandnrd  copper.  The  New  York  quota- 
lifins  fill-  flecti'nlytic*  copper  are  I'oi-  cakes. 
injroiK  and  wii'ehni-.'t.  and  represent  the  Imlk 
of  the  transactions  made  \\-ith  consumers, 
iiasis  New  York,  casli.  Tlie  prices  of  casting 
copper  and  of  eiectrol.vlic  cathodes  are 
usually  n.l2."ic.  I)e'ow  that  of  electrolytic. 
The  i|ii()lations  for  lead  represent  wholesale 
transactions  in  the  open  niarlcet.  The  ipiota- 
lions  on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  Western 
brands:   special    brands   Cominanti   a   prcruium. 


Copper  sheets  are  18c.  bsse  for  large 
lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and  higher 
prices  for  small  quantities.  Copper  wire 
is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  4937  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at   1121   tons. 

Tin — The  operations  of  the  bull  party 
in  the  London  market  were  helped  by  the 


rise  in  copper,  and  quotations  advanced 
easily.  Transactions  on  the  London  Metal 
Exchange  were  fairly  large,  but  consum- 
ers in  the  domestic  market  were  not 
stampeded  by  the  advance  abroad  and 
confined  their  purchases  to  spot  and  near- 
by material.  Notwithstanding  the  very 
large  arrivals  during  the  first  half  of  this 
month,  spot  tin  remains  scarce  and  at  a 
premium.  London  closes  at  £154  10s. 
for  spot,  and  £153  15s.  for  three  months, 
while  August-September  is  quoted  in  this 
market  at  3314   cents. 

Robertson  &  Bense  report  arrivals  of 
tin  ore  at  Hamburg  during  July  from 
Bolivia  as  follows:  Direct  shipment,  177 
tons;  via  Liverpool,  578;  via  Havre,  21 
tons. 

At  the  Banka  auction  sale  on  July  28 
about  2200  tons  of  tin  were  sold  at 
89.75  florins  per  pikul,  equivalent  to 
27.06c.    per    lb.    at    Banka    mines. 

Lead — The  market  is  quiet.  Lead  at 
New  York  is  quoted  at  4.40c.  and  at  St. 
Louis  A.25(i~i  4.30  cents. 

In  London,  Spanish  lead  is  quoted  at 
£12  8s.  9d.,  and  English  at  £12   lis.  3d. 

Spelter — There  has  been  more  demand 
and  the  market  has  advanced,  and  at  the 
close  is  quoted  at  5.10r((  5.15c.,  St.  Louis, 
and  5.25r„  5.30c.,  New  York. 

In  London  good  ordinaries  are  quoted 
at  £23,  and  specials  at  £23  5s. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 


Other  Metals 

Aluminum — The  market  shows  some 
signs  of  improvement  in  demand,  but  the 
price  for  No.  1  ingots  remains  unchanged 
at   22'_.    cents. 

Antimony — Only  nominal  business  is 
being  transacted  at  prices  of  8!4f"8.}-^c. 
for  Cookson's,  778  f"  8c.  for  U.  S.  and 
l]/4@lys.c.   for   outside   brands. 

Quicksilver — Large  lots  may  be  had  at 
S46  per  flask  of  75  lb.,  and  jobbing  lots 
at  S47.  There  has  been  no  large  volume 
of  business  resulting  from  the  recent  re- 
duction in  price.  The  London  price  re- 
mains  at  £8    12s.   6d.   per  flask. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
AQdi  45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lh. 
lots.  The  price  for  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  ,'^1.50  per  Ih.  for  100-Ib.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
'f(70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York;   according  to   quality  of  metal. 

Bismuth — The  price  of  bismuth  is  now 
quoted  by  Johnson  &  Matthey,  who 
handle  it  in  England,  at  7s.  6d.— $1.80— 
per  lb.  in  London. 


German  Metal  Trade 

Imports  and  exports  of  metals  other 
than  iron,  in  the  German  Empire,  for  the 
half-year  ended  June  30,  were,  in  metric 
tons: 


Copper 

Copper.  1909... 
Tin 

Tin,  1909 

Lead  

Lead,  1909 

Zinc 

Zinc.  1909 

Nickel 

Nickel,  1909 

.\luniinuni 

Aluminum,  '09. 
Miscellaneous... . 

Miscellan's,  '09 


Imports. 

91.022 

86,426 

6,909 

6,492 

30,689 

33,741 

1»,;»4 

19,079 

2,331 

1,415 

3,913 

3,214 

813 

631 


Exports, 

38,478 

31,190 

5.027 

3.4.52 

20,851 

18,608 

53,747 

45,690 

760 

965 

1,1147 

794 

6.11119 

4.661 


Excess. 


Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Exp. 
Exp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Exp. 
Exp. 


52.544 

5.'-.  ,236 

1,882 

3,1140 

9,8:58 

l.-|,l;i3 

:H,7.33 

■Ji.,611 

1,.371 

450 

2,866 

2,4-20 

S,196 

4.1130 


The  figures  include  alloys  and  manu- 
factures of  the  different  metals.  The 
imports  and  exports  of  ores  for  the  half- 
year   were,   in   metric   tons: 

Ores:  Imports.    Exports.         Excess. 


Gold  ore 

41 

Imp. 

41 

Gold  ore,  1909 

26 

Imp. 

26 

Silverore 

784 

■•..... . 

Imp. 

784 

Silver  ore.  '09 

.560 

Imp. 

560- 

Copper  ore.... 

9,471 

17.216 

Exp. 

7.74& 

Copp*rore.'09 

10.2.50 

10.0;)3 

Imp. 

217 

Tin  ore 

8,220 

70 

Imp, 

8,loO- 

Tin  ore,  1909. 

6,9:J6 

12 

Imp. 

6,924 

Lead   ore 

50,056 

704 

Imp. 

49,352 

Lead  ore.  '09 

52,:i24 

955 

Imp. 

51369- 

Zinc  ore 

113,902 

23.887 

Imp. 

90,015- 

Zinc  ore.  1909 

93,049 

17.648 

Imp. 

75,401 

Nickel  ore  .... 

3.253 

Imp. 

3,-26S. 

Nickel  ore, '119 

6,.576 

Imp. 

6,576 

Chriiine  ore..  ., 

15,218 

166 

Imp. 

13,052. 

Ch'me  ore  '0*.> 

9,r.74 

59 

Imp. 

9,615- 

Pyrites 

3.56,1134 

5,:i95 

Imp. 

:i.50,639 

Pyrites,  19119. 

303.432 

5.739 

Imp. 

297,695 

Miscellaneous. 

3,o:i4 

354 

Imp. 

2,680' 

Mis.,  19119 

2,567 

252 

Imp. 

2,315- 

Miscellaneous    ores    include    tungsten, 
molybdenum  and  other  ores. 


Zinc  and  Lead    Markets 


Plattcville,  Wis.,  Aug.  13 — The  basfr 
price  this  week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc  ore 
was  -S48f((50;  lead  ore  was  $50(1'/ 51  per 
ton. 

snil'MKNTS,    \VEEK    ENDED   AUG.    i:!. 


Camps. 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 


Platteville 642.710 

HiRhlaud     6-29,-200 

Mineral  point 496,700 

Galena 411,720 

CuliaCity 243,900 

Benton 235,080 

Rewey.   ..*.    

Hazel  Green 

Shullsburg 


Lead    Sulphur 
ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 

459.700' 


87.7-20       347,300- 


81,000 
48,.500 
71,1X10 


72,100 


.  2,459.310       -288,220       879.100 
56,030,546    5,638,484  14,:l8i-.,0«S 


Total 

Year  to  date 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  was 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separating 
plants,   1,855,540  lb.  zinc  concentrates. 

Joplin.  Mo..  Aug.  13. — The  high  pricei 
of  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  S43.50  per  ton, 
the  assay  base  of  $36f((41  per  ton  of  60' 
per  cent,  zinc  prevailing.  Zinc  silicato 
sold  on  a  base  of  S20r((24  per  ton  of  4(^ 
per  cent.  zinc.  The  average  price  of  all 
grades  of  zinc   was  S36.86   per  ton. 

The  highest  price  paid  for  lead  ort- 
was  $50  per  ton  for  one  car  load,  all 
other  ore  selling  on  the  high  quotation  of 
$49  per  ton, with  the  usual  deductions 
for  under  grades,  moisture  and  penalties 
for  iron  and  zinc.  The  average  price  of 
all  grades  of  lead  ore  was  $48.68  pef 
ton. 

Replacing    the    mines    in    the    "sheet* 


August  20,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


39  > 


ground"  .irea  are  numerous  new  mines 
north  and  west  of  Joplin,  in  Alissouri, 
and  all  around  Galena,  in  Kansas.  In 
the  latter  section  many  old  mines  aic 
being  reopened  with  the  usual  success  of 
discovering  new  orebodies,  in  this  "free- 
ore"  area. 

A  few  of  the  sheet-ground  mines  that 
were  idle  have  been  restarted,  while  a 
lumber  that  were  running  have  recently 
;losed  down  permanently,  the  mills  beinp 
aken  over  by  the  supply  companies,  and 
ire  being  removed.  A  great  change  is  in 
progress,  and  the  output  continues  strong 
vith  indications  of  further  increase. 

SIIII'MEXTS.    WKEIC    KXDKH   .\T'(;.    1:!. 


■Ti'bb  I'lij-Oartorvlli. 

nplin 

raleiia 

lui'liwi'i; 

.  .llia-Neck  

)r"n"K" 

'artliAt;*' 

purEOfin 

Ilaml 

.unira 

>k-anby 

arrnxte 

luapaw 

aT(»  Springs 

arlJuuctloD 


Totals  . . . 


Zinc,  lb.  Lend  n 


1.146.J-0 

l.KHIl.HSO 
K'.)7  6(K1 
M07  .iM 
812.(lnn 

a7.';.4.5(l 

;i-2;t.4'.Ki 

■241,HHn 

:uo.M(Hi 

■2li4,01H) 
2'.l<.l.3'2() 
l.->-2.n70 

11-2,550 


K7.IHHI 


111.1171' 
17r,,77ll 


ll.-2Nl,300    •2,M2.41II     $2r.H.-jn« 


Value. 


$102, 
4", 
111, 
17, 
17, 
12, 


.059 
..'ilXl 
.257 
.'.IHK 
,4.59 
,939 
.HM 
,2tV2 
,71)4 
9ni> 
:<Hii 
l:)5 
7:)« 
.54fi 


I  WBoks ;ifi0.03N.81(j  5:1,951.21(1    $M,4(;;i.7ii4 

Inc  valni',  thi>  wixik,  $207. HtW;   ;t:i  weeks.  $7.iini,rr82 

oad  valllt'.  tllM  WKMk.       50, 320;    33  wnoks,     1.3H2.022 
MO.NTIII.Y    AVKHACK    I'UICI^S. 


MoBth. 


louary. . . 
'bruary.- 

arch 

irll 

ny 

me  

ily 

■gust 

•ptoinb«»r 

•l/>ber. , . . 

■■'Tntier. 

iiiber. 


Base  Price.     All  Ores. 


1909.    1910. 


$41.26 
36.94 
,17.40 
38.6;) 
40.06 
44.15 
43  116 
48.25 
47.70 
49., 50 
51  31 
49  46 


$47.31 
40.69 
43.60 
41.IK1 
40.19 
40.20 
39.6,3 


$:)8.4«  $45,16 
14.37,  39  47 
14.71 


All  Ores. 


1909.     1910.     1909.     1910. 


37.01 
37.42 
40  35 
41.11 
44. 54 
44.871 
45.75 
48.29 
47.67 


39  Tl 
39  33 
37, 51 

37  m 

36.80 


$43.98 $41.20 


$62.17 
60  ,50 
60.82 
,56 . 6,3 
,56  ,50 
57 .  .52 
,53  74 
,57.60 
.56.11 
66.02 
53.94 
65.26 


$54. CO 


$56.99 
.53.r>4 
51.26 
49.72 
48  16 
48  80 
481.59 


N'liTE — I'nder  zinr  ore  Hip  Hist  Iwo  cnl- 
nns  kIvp  Imsp  julrps  for  iwi  ppr  ppnt.  zinc 
p;  Hip  sppnnd  twi.  ilip  avpincp  fnr  all  di-ps 
Id.  I.pnd  orp  prices  are  thp  averaRp  fnr 
1  orps   sold. 


Other    Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
jperior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports 
■e:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent, 
on  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — $5  per 
n  for  Old  Range  and  .S4.75  for  Mesabi: 
inbessemer-  base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
t.20  for  Old  Range  and  .S4  for  Mesabi. 

In   the    East   th;ie    is   no    organization 

sellers,   and   a   wide   range   of  prices 

;ists,  according  to  quality   and   location 

mines.      A    good     nonbessemer    ore, 

ound  50  or  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  he 
|id  at  S3r«3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
It  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
■:ed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 


for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Zinc  Ore — For  Reeky  Mouptain  blende, 
delivered  at  Kansas  smelting  points,  the 
current  price  is  for  the  zinc  content,  less 
eight  units,  at  the  St.  Louis  price  for 
spelter,  less  S14fc/  15  per  2000  lb  of  ore, 
according  to  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 

pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
llfiHl'jC.  per  unit  at  mines;  fines,  IOJ'4 
'■'(  lie.  Pyrites  containing  arsenic  realize 
from  y2<n  \l4c.  per  unit  less.  Delivery 
to  Eastern  2cid  works  costs  from  2  to  3c. 
per  unit  more.  Most  contracts  are  made 
f.o.b.  mines. 

■  Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  S6.500/7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  for  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
itf-  ores,  50c.r((S.150  per  unit  less. 


CHEMICALS    1 


Neil'  York.  Aug.  17. — The  general  mar- 
ket remains  dull  but  is  growing  firmer 
;n  some  specialties. 

Copper  Sulphate — Prices  show  no 
change  from  those  of  last  week,  i.e.,  S4 
per  100  lb.  for  car-load  lots  and  S4.25 
per  100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — The  open  market  price  on 
white  arsenic  is  S2.25  per  100  lb.  Few 
sales  of  any  size  are  reported  and  the 
market  is  unaccountably  dull. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — On  a  fair  market 
prices  are  firm  at  2.10c.  per  lb.  for  both 
spot    and    futures. 

Messrs.  Mortimer  &  Wisner,  New  York, 
report  the  position  of  nitrate  in  tne 
United  States  on  Aug.  1  as  below,  in 
long  tons: 

1909,         191«.      CUanKPS. 

stocks.  Jan.  1 9,140      14,(J00      1.      4,860 

Imports,  7  mos 187,9lKi    286,100     I.    91,200 

Total  supplies 197,040     299,100      I.  lO-J.oeO 

Deliveries.  7  mo8 187,740    288.700     I.    g»,9flO 

Stocks.  Aug.  1 9,S0fl       12.400      I.      1,100 

Alloat  for  U.  S TO.OOO      60,000     D.     It.flOO 

Quantities  afloat  include  all  cargoes 
due  to  arrive  at  United  States  ports  be- 
fore Nov.   15  next. 

Potash  Salts — Exports  of  potash  salts 
from  the  German  Empire,  half-year 
ended  June  30,  metric  tons: 

HMW.         1910.      Clianpes. 

Kallllt.  etc ,144,867  536,4,58  I.  191,591 

PotnB.'*Iuni  chloride..  '.t-J.fiag  13^,696  1.    46,157 

Polnssluiu   sulphate.  27,072  33,776  I.      (iJOa 

Pot.-nuiKneslum  sul.  64,674  96,16.1  I,    3li489 

Total 529.162        805.092      1.275,940 

Of  the  total  this  year  472,303  tons 
went  to  the  United  States. 


6^   MINING -STOCKS    S 


New  York,  Aug.  17 — The  mining  stocks 
have  shown  inherent  strength  during  the 
week  and  there  have  been  notable  gains 
in  Aliami,  now  selling  strong  at  S2Ui(  21 'J 
and  the  "rights"  at  from  25  to  30c.,  and  in 
North  Butte.  Other  "coppers"  reflected 
the  favorable  ffTect  of  the  curtailment 
program.  Nipissing  advanced  to  $11^2 
and  other  "Cobalts"  stiffened.  The  gen- 
eral  feeling  of  the  Curb  was  bullish. 

Boston,    Aug.     16 — The    copper-share 

COIM'lCIt   I'ltoIifCTION  uicrouTS. 
Copper   ctmlpnts   of    Itlister   ('oi)ppr,    In    poiinds. 


Company. 

-May. 

June. 

July. 

Arizona.  Ltd 

2,610.000 

2.802.000 

2.910,000 

Balaklala 

1,148,762 

1.226.l«. 

1,III0.(KI0 

B..1.0  (Mexico) 

2,7:15.680 

2.115.314 

2,272,1.0(1 

c'opper  Queen 

10,283,8.55 

10.219. 6S7 

10.7:lO.:)72 

Caluniet  *  Ariz 

1.778.(K)(t 

2.49(l.lKJ(l 

Cannni-a  (Jlexlco). . 

4.3IHI.OOO 

4.2«0.(K»' 

4,.~>IW.0(H) 

DetroU 

2,035,(a9 

2.017.1MH) 

1.80«.0(IU 

Inipi  ilnl  

700, (HH) 

800,0<« 

Nevada  Con 

6  164,493 

6.186,8:12 

...*..... 

Old  Dcnilnlon 

2,174,000 
l,:i26,000 

2,092,000 
1.528,000 

Shannon  

2,207.1KK) 

Supi'rlor  &  Pitts.... 

2,276,000 
8,862,913 

2.246,(MHI 
8.358,496 

Utnli  Copper  Co 

liutle  District 

24,850  000 
19,250.000 

23.750,(KKI 
18,000,00(1 

Lake  Superior  .... 

I9,oo».oeo 

Tolal  production. 

90,495,.142 

88,l:)«,:i29 

24,K.'.II,919 
6,487.243 

20,.'<17,97H 
5,.57',l,i;iH 

Imp.  In  ore  tz  mattt^ 

Total 

121,833,604 

114,627.916 

Huttp  district  and  l.akc  Superior  liKurcs  are 
cstiinalcd:  ollicrs  arc  reports  received  .ri;ni 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  prodiu-1io\)  of 
Cananea,  and  that  part  of  Copper  tjueen  pro- 
duction which  comes  from  NacoZini.  Itideo 
copper  does  ni>t  come  to  American  reliners. 
flail  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
the    r.oston    mill. 


STATISTICS   OF  COPrRK. 


Muiilh. 

United 

States 

Producfn. 

Deliveries, 
D-mestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

TUX,  1909 

IX 

120,697,2,14 
Ils.ll23,l;i9 
124.ir.7,70H 
121.r.ls,:i69 
117.8'28,065 

59,614,207 
52.105,9.56 
66,3.59,617 
66,857.873 
69.519.601 

48,:W2.704 
50.077,777 
,56,261.238 
65,266.696 
69.546,670 

X   

XI     

XII   

Year 

1.405,403,056 

705,051.591 

680,942.620 

I  1910^ 

116..547.287 
112.712.493 
120,ll67.4l'.7 
117.477,r.39 
123.242.476 
127,219.188 
118,:)T0,(K)3 

78,1.58.387 
66.1il8,:)22 
62,S44,818 
67.985.951 
.59.3(15,2'22 
.53.:t63,196 
56.TlW.175 

81,691.671 
37,369,618 
4U.5S5.767 
;(1  :):)2.434 
45,495,400 
65.895,948 
59,407.167 

II  

HI           

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

rmied 

Stales. 

Europe. 

Total. 

VIII,  1909 

IX 

X 

12'i..596.607 
1:15.196.9:10 
151.472.772 
I.5:l..MI9,c.26 
15:l,(H13.627 
14l.7(H..lll 
98,4(;3,:i39 
107,187.992 
123,824,874 
141.984,1,59 
160  425,973 
168.:i8i;,017 
170,(UO,678 

lTl,492,lfiO 

197,99:1.61  Kl 
210,224. IKKI 
222,.566.41MI 
2:16,8.-.7,6(HI 
244.2114.8(H) 
248.2:16.8IK) 
254.1.50,4(K) 
249.625.6(K) 
246.870.4(H) 
2:19.142.400 
2:12,892,81  K) 
222,320,000 

294.088.767 

:t:(3.19ii.530 
:161, 1,96,772 
376,ii76,ir26 
:(K9,861,127 
:)85,971l,9n 
:M6,71K),139 
:)6i.:t:i8,39a 
373,460,474 
:t8S  .454,569 
:I'.I9,668,37S 
401.278,817 
;192,91i0.078 

XI 

XII 

I.   191U 

II 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

I''i«ures  are  In  pounds  of  line  copper.  I'.  S. 
production  Includes  all  copper  rellned  in  tliia 
country.  Iioili  from  domestic  and  ImportetJ 
mnliM-lnl.  Visilile  slocks  are  those  reported 
on  the  llrst  day  of  I'ach  monlh.  as  lu-ought 
over   from    (he  precpdinu'  month. 


392 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  20,  1910. 


market  continues  on  the  upgrade  with  a 
decided  broadening  tendency.  The  activ- 
ity is  largely  in  the  higher-grade  stocks. 
The  outlook  is  for  a  continued  active  and 
buoyant  market.  Significfnt  is  the 
strength  of  Calumet  &  Hecla  and  its  sub- 
sidiary companies.  Notable  among  these 
ere  Superior  Copper  and  Tamarack,  both 
showing  advances.  Arizona  Commercial 
was  an  active  feature  on  news  of  a  fav- 
orable strike  by  diamond  drill  240  ft. 
below  the  seventh  level.  The  Cole-Ryan 
issues  have  shown  both  strength  and 
breadth.  North  Butte  rose  to  S30.62'j 
today  and  Calumet  &  Arizona  touched 
S62.  Greene-Cananea  and  Granby  have 
both  done  well.  On  the  Curb  the  newly 
incorporated  Lake  stocks  have  been  in  the 
foreground.  Algomah  touched  S13.50  to- 
day. Bohemia  and  South  Lake  are  both 
much   higher. 


t:.n  .\t  -NKW  V(ii;k 


SAX  FRANCISCO. 


.VNNe.s!«iiieiil»« 


Company. 


Alpha  Cod..  Nev 

Best  &  Betclier,  Nev 

BuUion,  Nev 

Con.  Imperial.  Nev 

Con.  Ylrgiuia,  Nev 

Hale  &  NorciMss,  Nev.... 

Hancock  Con.,  Micli 

Julia.  Nev 

Live  Oak,  .\iiz 

Lower  Mammoth,  Utah.. 
MnntaDa-Binghiim,  Utah 

New  York,  Utah 

Opex.  Utah 

Potosi  G.  &  S.  Min,  Nev. . 

Baven,  Mich 

Scorpion,  Nev 

Scottish  Chiet.  Utah 

Seg.  Belcher  &  Midas  Con. 

Silver  Hill,  Nev 

Tintic  Central,  Utah 

Utah,  Nev 

Winona,  Mich 


.'Vvernse   Prii'« 

SILVEIt 


•  f   Mel!ll» 


Month. 

New  York.  1    London. 

l',)U'.l.  1  1910.    1909. 

1910. 

January 

.11.750  52. 375  23.843 

24.154 

February 

51  472  51 .  534  23 .  706 

23.794 

.50  468  51  454  23.227  23.690 

April 

51.428  53.221  23.708,24  483 

May  

52  905  53  870  24.343  24.79" 

.52.538  53.4C.2  24,16|-.  24.651 

Julv  

51.043  54.1.50  23. ,519 

25  034 

August  

.51.125 23.588 

Septemlier 

.51.440 
.50  923 

23.743 

23.502 

23.351 

50.703 

December 

52.226 

24.030 

Total 

51.502 

23.706 

New    York,    cenl? 
pence    per    standar* 


per    line    oinire  ;    London, 
iiunce. 


Cnl'l 

I-K. 

NEW  YOKK. 

London. 

Electrolytic       Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.  1  1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

13.893 

13  620 

14.280  13.870 

61.198 

60.923 

12.949 

13  332 

13.295  13.719.57.688 

69.38H 

March 

12,387 

13  255  12  826  13  .586]56.231 

59.214 

April    

May 

12.56} 

12.733  12.93J  13.091 

57.3G3 

57.238 

12.893 

12  550  13  -rM  12.8«5 

.59.338 

56.313 

13.214 

12,404113,548  12.798 

69.027 

55.310 

July 

12.880 

12  215  13.363  12.570 

.58.556 

.54.194 

August 

13.007 

13.296' 

.59.393 

Seplomber  . . 

12.870 

13.210 

59.021 

October 

12.700 

13.030 

57.551 

November.. . 

13.12S 

13.354 

58.917 

December . . . 

13.298 

13.047 

59.906 

Year 

12.982 

1 13. 335 

58.732 



Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Mouth. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
FebruaiT  ■  ■ 

JIarch 

April 

May 

June 

28.060 
28.290 
28.727 
29.445 
29  225 
29 !  322 

32.700 
32.920 
32.403 
32.976 
33.125 
32.769 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

29.125 
29.966 
.30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
32.913 

32.695 

. 

A  v.  Year.. 

29.725 

I'ric 


are   in   cenls   per  pound. 


LEAH 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

L<'Udon. 

1909 

191U. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

Januai'v 

4.175 

4.700 

4.025 

4.582 

13.113 

13.6.50 

February 

4 .  018 

4.613 

3.868 

4.445 

13.313 

13.328 

March 

3 .  986 

4.459 

3.835 

4.307 

13.438 

.\pril 

4.168 

4.376 

4.051 

4.225 

13.297 

May 

4.287 

4.315 

4.214 

4.164 

13.225 

4. 3511 

4.343 

4.291 

4.207 

13.031 

12.688 

July 

4.321 

4.404 

4.188 

4.291 

12.563 

12.531 

August 

4.363 

4.227 

12.475 

September  . . 

4.342 

4.215 

13.175 

October 

4.341 

4.215 

November... 

4.370 

i.252 

December.. . 

4.. 560 

..^^. 

4.459 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New   York   and   St.    l.ouis.   cents  per   pound. 
lA.ndon,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 


<l-FA. 

PER 

Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

Loud>jU. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5.951 

21.425 

23.350 

February — 

4.889 

5.569 

4.739 

6.419 

4.757 

5.637 

4.607 

6.487 

■Jl   438 

April 

May 

4.965 

6.439 

4.815 

5 .  289 

21    '.31 

5.124 

5.191 

4.974 

5.041 

■J  1.97  5 

22 .  100 

5.402 

5.128 

6.2.52 

4 . 9 ,  ^ 

■_'2   Olio 

July 

5  402 

5.162 

6.2.52 

5.002 

21.909 

22 .  400 

August 

6.729 

5.579 

22.125 

September  . . 

5.796 

5.046 

22.900 

October 

6.199 

6.043 

6.381 

6.231 

23.188 

December . . . 

0.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Y'ear 

5.503 

5 .  352 

22.201 

New   York   .Tud   St.    l.ouis.   cents   per  pound. 
London,  pounds   sleiiing  per   loU;;   ton.  


PRICES  OF  ri<;   IRON  AT  I'lTTSBFRU. 


'■f 


Bessemer,  f     Basic. 


1909.  1910.  1909.  1910. 


January.. . , 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 
October..  . 
November. 
December. 

Year 


.  S17.18  $19.90  $10.40 


16.731 
16.40 
15.79 
16.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 


18,96 
18.53 
18.28 
17.10 
16.52 
16.40 


10.09 
15.84 
15.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
10.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.16 


$17.46  $16.46  $16.40 


$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15,94 
15.60 
15.40 


No.  2 
Foundry. 


1909.    1910. 


$10.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
1' 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 


New  York,  cents  per  pound.  Electrolytic  Is 
for  cakes.  Ingots  or  wlrebars.  London,  pounds 
slerling.   per   long   ton.   standard   copper. 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 

COLO.  SPRINGS  Aug.  16 

SALT  LAKE          Aug.  16 

Name  of  Comp.      Bid. 

Name  of  Comp. 

CIg. 

Carisa 

.19 

.05! 

Colorado  MiniOg, 

.41 

Cripple  Cr'kCon.. 

.02( 

Columbus   Con... 

.87 

C.  K.  &N 

.181 

Daly  Judge 

4  no 

Doctor  Jack  Pot . . 

.lOJ 

Grand  Central 

1.22i 

Elkton  Con 

.75 

Iron  Blossom 

.79 

.85 
1.05! 

jLlltle  Bell 

Little  Chief 

1.10 

Fannie  Bawlins.. 

.22 

Flndlav 

ORi 

Xower  Mammoth. 

.10 

Gold  Dollar 

t.ut 

Mason  Valley  .... 

7.. 50 

Gold  Sovereign. .. 

.03'. 

MaJ.   Mines 

t.ss 

Isabella            

Mary  Mi^Rlnnoy. 

t53 

INovada  Hills 

2.37! 

Pharmacist. 

031 

(New  York 

^u'i 

1.131. 

Prince  Con 

.70 

Vindicator 

.93 

Red  'Warrior 

C,  IH) 

W,  ,i.k              

.03} 

Sliver  King  Coal'n 
Sioux  Con 

2.25 

Cnll.sled  : 

.24 

Golden  Cvcle 

1  00 

Uncle  Sam 

.10 

United  Gold  Mines 

X  o'2 

Victoria 

1.07} 

Name  of  Comp.     Clg.        Name  of  Comp.    Clg. 


COMSTOCK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  k  Belcher 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  t'al.  &  Va — 

Crown  Point 

Exchequer 

Gould  &  Curry  — 
Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Mexican 

Ophlr 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket 


.09 

.65 

J. 51 

J  65 

.16 

.22 

.70 

1.27 

.55 

20 

.24 

.35 

1.37 

1.32 

.80 

.33 

.21 

.30 

.43 

.64 


Misc.  Nevada 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

.\tlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt. . 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Bed  Hill 

Sandstorm 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 


4.40 
.00 
.30 
.30 
.25 
.10 
.IV4 
.15 
.14 
.09 
.07 
.62. 
.03 
.64 
.09 
.06 
.04 
.09 
.18 
.04 


N.  Y.  EXi.H.         Aug.  16    IBOSTON  EXCH.  Aug.  16 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated .... 
Am.  .\gri.  Chem. . 
Am.Sni..tRet.,ciim 
Am.Sm.  iRet..pf. 

Anaconda 

Bethlehem  Steel.. 
Col.  &Hock.C.  &I. 
Colo.  Fuel  &  Iron. 
D'uPont  P'd'r,  pf. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 
GreatNor..orectt. 
XafiialLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  (.'iiusiil 

Pittsburg  Coal — 
EepublicIsS,com. 
Republic  I  &S,  pf. 
SlossSheBi'd.com. 
Sloss  Sheffield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Coppel 

Utah  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  I  'ar.  <  hem . . . 


i-lg. 


Name  of  Comp. 


08 
44 
09;,' 

102 
41 

■2TK 
JO 

31  j; 

184  Ji 
J55 

50 

62 

tioojjl 

21 
16  lit 

32  >^ 
93 
02,'-^ 

tl03 
26 
47% 
72>i 
117 
59 1< 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Aug.  II'. 


Name  of  Comji  Ig. 

Bonanza  Creek. . ,  3    | 

Boston  Copper 18 

Braden  Copper. . .  3Ji i 

B.  C.  Copper 5    1 

Buffalo  Mines 2,Vi 

Butte  Coalition ...  19 ', 

Caledonia 5* 

Chino 14,U 

Cobalt  central 10>i 

Cobalt  Prov 59    | 

Con.  .\riz.  Sm '  2f, 

Cumberland  Ely..  9 

Davis-Dalj' Ill 

Dominion  Cop 7 

Elv  Con 30    ( 

ElRayo 3}% 

Florence 2>i 

Gila  Copper 5    I 

Giroux 7>4 

Gold  Hill U 

GoldtleldCon i  8>jj 

Greene  Cauanea..!  8    j 

Guanajuato I  1% 

Guggen.  Exp 180 

Keri-  Lake :  7 

LaRose 4 

McKinley-Dar-Sa.  .99 

Miami  l.'opper 21 

Mines  I'o.  of  .\m. .  60 

Mont.  Shoshone..  .37^ 

Mont.-Tonopah. . .  .98 

Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S.  JiS 

New  Baltic.       ..  J5 

Newhouse  M.  &  8.  31^ 

Nipissing  Mines..  IIH 

Ohio  Copper  ....  l,g 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M..  IH 

Kav  Central 2>i 

Ray  Con 19>4 

Silver  Queen 35 

Standard  Oil 605 

Stewnl't H 

Ton.ipab SJi 

TonoiinhEx 90 

Tri-Bulllon H 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop..  2,V 

Yukon  (told 4 


Adventure 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Al'cadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Butte  &  Balak... 
Calumet  &  Ariz.. 
Calumet  &  Hecla 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Dal.v-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

iOld  Dominion... 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best. 

Superior  &  Pitts. 

Tamarack 

Trinitv 

U.  S.  Smg  &Ret. 

U.S.Sin.  &Be.,  pd 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

'Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


Clg, 


6 

*m 

25K 

5 
ISX 

6 
15 

IIM 
62 
545 
18 

9 
65  K 

6% 

8>i 
llJi 
37 
23  >i 

■2\i 
16 
18  >i 

4 
39 
11 

■^% 

4 
51 

ai-i 

30  )J 
Wi 

37 
131 
15 
74 
lOX 
i6^ 
»H 
12 
60  fi 

«'< 
40 
49 

»A 
243i 

I      3 
'      8X 
I  120X, 

IX- 


BOSTON  CURB   Aug.  16 


Name  of  Comp. 


LONDON        Aug.  17 


Name  ot  Com. 


Dolores. . . 
Stl-atton'slnd 

Camp  Bird 

Esperanza 

Tomboy 

El  (Iro 

OroviUe 
Mexico  Mines 


clg. 


£1  los 

0  S 

1  7 

2  1.'! 

0  16 

1  6 
0  5 
9    1 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Minos., 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus , 

Calavei-as 

Champion 

;Chemuug 

jChief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

ICorbin 

Ci'own  Reserve... 

First  Nat.  Cop 

(liispiratlon 

iMackinaw 

Majestic 

Natl  Mine 

I  Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Cop|>er... 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Arlz... 

South  Lake 

Superior  .^- Globe 

Ti-ethewey 

Vuolumno  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


JLast   iiuolalion. 


TJIE 


'X]rsrs^svi:iiiiiiii)i\a!SSjnin^vJ!sms!ESSVij!!Ki'ssi!i!!fS'i:'vii'in^i:iKi!i!vi^x'i!Vi!irei^vnn: 


AND 


■Y.Y^f.Y.Y.Y.Y.VT.-.Y.y.T.r.T.TrTAV. 


n^ENGINEERING^B- 
MINING    JOURNAL 

P  U  B  L  I  S  H  E  D       ^WEEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -%.  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary •%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Engminjour,  N.  Y.  ^  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  ^  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ■%  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance 
should  reach 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
-%-  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


■%    .\dvertising  copy 
New     York     Office    by 


VOL.  90 


AUGUST  27,  iQio. 


NO.  9 


CIIICULATWX    arATEilEXT 
DiiriiKj     1900     irc     printed     ami     circulated 

5:{4,5i)0     copies     of     Tiik     Enoixeebixc     and 

Mi.vi.m;  Jolhxal. 

Our  circukitiiin   for  Julij,  1!)10,    irai  4.".,(I0I) 

'IliCH. 

AitfiuHi  li n.ood 

.\\iiiufi  i;i o.riiiii 

.1  »!/««(    'M '.),.jOO 

August   27 !>,.")(I0 

\inir  HCnt  free  retjulnrly,  ii"   hurl;   ninnherft. 
Fifiurrn  are  live^   net  circithUt'm 


Contents  iai;e 

LdilorinI  : 

The   Snii-ltinR   Reports 30a 

•Kleclric  Ueheater ."iO-^ 

Trices   In   <'atnlof;s 39."i 

*;<)()d   Reports  from   Colorado  Camps. 

Itenrer    Corrrxpiindence  300 

California    Oil   Operators   Meeting 396 

Increase   in    (Jold    Receipts   at    San   Fran- 
cisco   .Mint. 

San    FruiiciHco    CorrflKpondcnee   ."iOT 

Forest  Kires  in  the  Northwest .107 

Tile  Inited  Mine  Workers  I''ace  a  Serious 

Problem Spriial  Corrcupondence  397 

Details  of   Tracticul   MininK  : 

•Cam  Shaft  Cam  ....  'Steel  Arc 
Chnte  (Jate.  .  .  .The  Health  .\spect  of 
Sand  I'Mllinsis  .  .  .  .  "Ilow  lo  Erect 
Three-let:  Shears.  ...  Illnminntion  of 
Cross  Hairs  in  a  Mitiiii;;  Tr-ansit.  .  .  . 
•Device  to  Reduce  Top  Water  on 
Jigs.  .  .  .  •Comliined  'I'russ  and  Steam 
ripe.  .  .  .  •rumj)  Station  at  Leimard 
Mine.  liutte.  . .  .c.vanide  Treatment  of 
Concentrates  with  .Mill  Tailincs.  .  .  . 
•Cleaning:  a  Shidf^e  I'ond ...  .Hy- 
draulic Monitors  on'  1  iredi;es 30,S 

'Ore    Deposits    of    Cananea    Mininj;    Dls- 

triit.    Mex S.   /•'.    Hnunnns   402 

I  lie  San  Antonio  District  of  Lower  Call- 

f'trnla    4tt4 

.\  .MainniDih   Rock   Drill 4n( 

.\nii'rican  Smeltini;  and  Relininc  Company   40.") 
.American    Smelters'    Securities    Company   40.") 

Sierra  Consolidated  Mines  Company 40."i 

Mount    Morttan    Cold     Minin;;     Coinpanv, 

I.td ■ .    400 

-  'It  airalnst   Hutte  &  liallakiava 400 

'il     Shale     Deposits.     Ulue     Mountains. 

N     S.    W //.    /,.    Jrne  407 

ilie  Assay  of  Lead  in  Tailings  and  Slags. 

I'JriinK     W.    Ilankitt   4iis 
lyanlding   at    the    North    Star    Mines    in 

Cailfiirnla lohn     Tilsxinrskl   400 

riacer   Mining  Operations   In   Alaska.   In 

I'.'oo .4//rf(;   //.    Ilrniiks   4r.' 

Mnshalkal   Copper 414 

1  iinie   Filtration   for  Production  of  Pure 

Spelter Inliii   (1.   Primrose  41.") 

-•regallon    of    (iold    in    Cnpper. 

Dnnald    \f .    Uddell  418 
:'fuKc    Chambers    in    Coal    Mines. 

(Ironic  S.  If  Ire  410 
lllsh  Covernment  and  Rescue  Work...  41"J 
unual    Convention    of    Anthracite    Mine 

Workers    423 

0  Prnducllon  in  Michigan.  In  1900.!!!    423 

itents    424 

leraonal,    Ohltnary    and    Societies..!!!;!    42.". 

aitorlal    Correspondence 420 

lllnlng   News    f_)s 

arkets    43;; 

•/(/Hvflrt/C,/. 


The   Smelting  Reports 

The  appearance  of  the  annual  reports 
of  the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  and  its  afRliated  concern  is 
always  an  event  of  interest,  these  two 
companies  representing  the  larger  part  of 
the  business  of  smelting  silver-lead  ore 
in  the  United  States,  while  both  have 
also  an  important  business  in  the  smelt- 
ing of  copper  ore.  The  reports  cover 
fiscal  years  ended  April  30  and  May  31 
respectively. 

The  last  reports  of  these  concerns  are. 
like  all  of  their  former  reports,  char- 
acterized by  scantiness  of  detail.  Each 
comprises  a  brief,  nonilluminating  state- 
ment by  the  president,  and  a  single  page 
of  figures  reporting  assets  and  liabilities, 
end  income  account.  The  compilation  of 
these  figures  appeals  to  the  imagination 
rather  than  to  the  spirit  of  critical  anal- 
ysis. It  is  regrettable  that  concerns  of 
such  importance,  which  are  so  largely 
owned  by  the  public,  should  choose  to 
leave  their  stockholders  so  much  in  tne 
dark.  If  these  companies  should  add 
merely  the  amount  of  ore  smelted  and 
the  amount  of  blister  copper  purchased 
from  outsiders,  or  refined  on  toll,  we 
should  have  some  means  of  judging  the 
status  of  their  business  from  year  to 
year.  There  is  no  possible  ha-.n  in  the 
communication  of  such  data,  and  stock- 
holders  are   entitled   to   it. 

The  report  of  the  Smelting  and  Refin- 
ing Company  shows  that  in  the  last  year 
total  earnings  decreased  by  S258,599.  Net 
income  decreased  by  ?!296,772.  After 
paying  the  dividends  on  the  preferred 
stock  and  4  per  cent,  on  the  common,  the 
surplus  for  the  year  was  $l,54(i.278. 


All  things  considered,  this  is  a  favor- 
able statement.  In  1909-10,  owing  partly 
to  the  relatively  low  prices  for  silver, 
lead  and  copper,  general  mining  in  some 
of  the  Western  States  was  unprosperous. 
Particularly  was  this  the  case  in  Colorado, 
where  mining  has  sunk  to  a  low  ebb.  This 
seriously  affected  the  Smelting  and  Refin- 
ing Company  by  giving  it  less  ore  to 
sinelt.  The  Colorado  plants  of  that  com- 
pany, which  for  many  years  have  treated 
about  1,000,000  tons  of  ore  per  year,  in 
1909  treated  but  little  more  than  600,000 
tons.  In  Utah  also  there  probably  was 
a  decrease.  However,  the  profit  realized 
per  ton  of  ore  from  the  Colorado  plants 
is  less  than  the  general  average  of  the 
company,  and  apparently  the  falling  off 
in  revenue  from  them  was  nearly  made 
good  by  increases  in  other  districts.  It 
is  one  of  the  strong  features  of  this  com- 
pany that  its  operations  are  so  widely 
scattered  that  adversity,  from  competition, 
or  otherwise,  in  one  district  may  be  offset 
by  improvement  in  another.  Increase  in 
unsold  stocks  of  lead  and  copper  and 
abolition  by  the  Payne-Aldrich  tariff  of 
what  used  to  be  known  as  "exempt" 
lead  also  tended  to  reduce  profits  in 
1909-10. 

During  the  1 1  years  of  the  history  of 
this  company,  competition  has  not  been 
a  serious  factor,  and  does  not  seem 
likely  to  become  so  in  the  general  custom 
business,  for  the  reason,  among  others, 
that  the  profit  per  ton  of  ore  smelted 
is  not  sufficiently  large  to  excite  a  sys- 
tematic scheme  of  rivalry.  The  establish- 
ment of  independent  smelting  works  is 
likely  to  afford  capacity  for  new  ore  sup- 
plies, rather  than  to  cut  into  the  business 
that  the  Smelting  and  Refining  Company 


394 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


already  possesses.  The  concerted  effort 
that  is  now  being  made  to  rejuvenate  the 
mining  industry  of  Colorado  will  be  to 
the  advantage  not  only  of  the  miners,  but 
also  of  the  smelters,  whose  interests, 
broadly  speaking,  go  hand  in  hand. 

The  chief  elements  of  doubt  in  the 
statement  of  the  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  are  the  position  of  the  metals 
account,  about  which  nothing  is  explained, 
and  the  amount  appropriated  for  new 
construction  and  improvements,  which  is 
the  form  taken  by  amortization  as  prac- 
ticed by  this  company.  Out  of  total  earn- 
ings are  deducted  (properly  )  ordinary  re- 
pairs and  betterments  before  net  earn- 
ings are  reported.  During  the  nine  years 
ended  April  30,  1910,  S7,656,979,  an 
average  of  about  $850,000  per  annum, 
has  been  spent  for  this  purpose.  This 
should  have  been  sufficient  to  keep  the 
works  of  the  company  in  good  repair. 
During  the  same  period  $5,076,618  has 
been  spent  on  new  construction  and  im- 
provements, an  average  of  about  $564,- 
000  per  annum.  This  has  covered  among 
other  things  the  erection  of  new  plants 
at  Salt  Lake  and  at  Chihuahua,  and  prac- 
tically the  reconstruction  of  Leadville 
and  El  Paso,  besides  a  large  addition  to 
the  copper  refinery  at  Perth  Amboy.  In 
part  this  new  construction  has  taken  tne 
place  of  old  plants  abandoned,  but  in 
part  it  has  provided  additional  capacity. 
The  actual  capacity  of  the  company,  both 
for  smelting  and  refining,  is  larger  now 
than  it  was  10  years  ago,  when  the  Gug- 
genheim plants  were  absorbed.  This  in- 
dicates that  the  capital  account  of  the 
company  in  this  respect  has  been  pre- 
served; yet  in  looking  toward  the  future 
it  seems  to  us  that  the  allowance  for 
amortization  has  scarcely  been  sufficient. 
But  with  its  large  surplus  the  company 
is  hardly  likely  to  find  itself  in  strait- 
ened circumstances. 

The  present  smelting  capacity  is  4,465,- 
000  tons  of  ore  per  annum,  which  is  up- 
ward of  25  per  cent,  in  excess  of  what 
is  used  at  present.  It  appears,  however, 
that  1,600,000  tons  of  this  capacity  is  in 
Colorado,  where  the  present  use  is  prob- 
ably not  over  50  per  cent.,  and  before 
long  some  more  of  the  Colorado  smelt- 
ing capacity  will  probably  be  abandoned. 
The  report  of  the  Securities  Company 
for  the  last  year  is  certainly  good,  total 
earnings  having  increased  by  $1,783,409. 
while  net  income  increased  by  $612,403, 
the  small  ratio  of  this  increase  as  com- 


pared with  total  earnings  being  due  to 
the  appropriation  of  $1,016,825  for  re- 
valuation of  metals  and  investments. 
.After  paying  the  dividends  on  the  two 
classes  of  preferred  stock  there  remained 
a  surplus  for  the  year  of  $1,133,445, 
making  the  total  surplus  of  the  com- 
pany $1,688,197.  The  magnitude  of  the 
business  of  this  company  is  now  ."d- 
proaching  closely  to  that  of  the  Smelting 
and  Refining  Company.  Starting  with  two 
smelting  works — Selby  and  Tacoma — for 
which  very  high  prices  were  paid,  the 
company  has  itself  built  Federal. 
Velardena  and  Garfield,  besides  acquiring 
extensive  mining  interests  and  the  Balti- 
more copper  refinery  (not  yet  fully  paid 
for).  It  looks  as  if  this  company  were 
now  well  established,  but  it  will  need 
much  more  cash  to  carry  the  large  stock 
of  ores  and  metals  that  is  necessary,  and 
for  this  reason  it  will  probably  be  several 
years  to  come  before  dividends  will  be 
paid  upon  the  common  stock,  although 
the  latter  is  rapidly  becoming  an  asset 
of  value. 

Among  investors  much  misconception 
exists  respecting  the  business  of  these 
companies.  They  both  have  mining  in- 
terests, but  in  the  case  of  the  Securities 
Company  these  are  of  an  importance  in- 
ferior to  the  smelting,  while  in  the  case 
of  the  Smelting  and  Refining  Company 
they  are  almost  insignificant,  its  mining 
interests  consistiiig  only  of  some  silver- 
lead  mines  at  Sierra  Mojada,  Santa 
Eulalia  and  Asientos  in  Mexico,  which 
produce  about  165,000  tons  of  ore  per 
annum.  The  profit  of  the  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  is  derived  principally 
from  the  margin  between  its  purchases 
of  ores  and  sales  of  metals,  less  the 
cost  of  smelting,  etc.  The  company  has 
for  a  long  time  adopted  the  policy  of  sell- 
ing each  day  the  metals  that  it  takes  in, 
and  consequently  it  is  not  normally  af- 
fected in  any  great  way  by  low  prices 
for  the  metals,  except  insofar  as  they 
increase  or  reduce  the  tonnage  of  ore 
offered  for  smelting. 

On  April  30,  1910,  the  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  had  assets  of  $18,- 
069,229  in  metals,  $1,278,097  in  material. 
$11,620,400  in  cash  and  demand  loans, 
and  $2,0,58,388  in  investments  (stock  of 
the  United  States  Zinc  Company  and 
preferred  B  stock  of  American  Smelters' 
Securities  Company)  a  total  of  $33,026.- 
114.  Liabilities  comprised  $121,000  of 
bonds,    $431,551    of   "net    current    liabil- 


ities," and  $2,521,688  of  unearned  treat- 
ment charges,  a  total  of  $3,074,238.  The 
excess  of  the  above  assets  over  liabilities 
was  therefore  about  $30,000,000.  The 
smelteries,  refineries,  land  and  other  as- 
sets of  the  company  must  be  physically 
worth  somewhere  between  $15,000,000 
and  $20,000,000.  In  the  last  report  of 
the  Securities  Company,  President  Gug- 
genheim says,  under  date  of  Aug.  15, 
1910,  that  it  has  been  thought  wise  to 
recompute  the  metal  stocks  of  that  com- 
pany "upon  the  same  conservative  low 
valuation  established  by  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  many 
years  since,"  and  "the  various  metals 
in  process  of  smelting  and  refining  are 
now  inventoried  well  below  even  the  low 
market  values."  Accepting  this  statement, 
the  cash  and  physical  assets  of  the  Smelt- 
ing and  Refining  Company  must  be  worth 
$50,000,000,  equal  to  the  preferred  stock 
of  the  company  at  par.  The  common  stock 
represents  good  will,  organization  and 
earning  capacity,  and  the  ownership  of 
177,510  shares  of  the  common  stock  of 
the  Securities  Company  not  yet  reckoned 
as  an  asset  in  the  accounts.  It  must  be 
recognized  that  in  spite  of  the  points 
upon  which  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  is  open  to  criticism, 
financially  and  strategically  it  occupies  a 
sound  position. 


Guesses  as  to  the  production  and  de- 
liveries of  copper  in  August  will  soon  be 
in  order.  For  our  own  part  we  do  not 
venture  to  hazard  any  estimate.  We 
may,  however,  indicate  that  the  average 
daily  rate  of  production  is  apt  to  be  larger 
than  in  July.  The  falling  off  in  that 
month  was  due  in  part  to  the  natural 
curtailment  of  smelters'  production  two 
or  three  months  earlier,  but  was  chiefly 
ascribable  to  adverse  conditions  at  the 
refineries.  These  conditions  may  have 
been  overcome  in  August,  and  some  of 
the  refiners,  at  least,  being  well  stocked 
with  furnace  material,  a  larger  output  in 
August  is  not  improbable.  If  it  should 
turn  out  that  there  is  an  increase  in  the 
stock  at  the  end  of  the  month,  this  should 
be  no  cause  for  disappointment.  It  is 
too  soon  for  the  curtailment  inaugurated 
at  the  smelteries  early  in  August  t" 
make  itself  felt  In  the  refinery  statistics 


It  does  not  appear  that  the  recent  flre^ 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  will  affect  the  min- 
ing industry  of  that  district. 


August  27,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


395 


Electric  Reheater 

The  description  of  the  electric  reheater 
fitted  up  for  the  Buily  Hill  Copper  Min- 
ing and  Smelting  Company,  published  in 
the  Journal  of  June  11,  1010.  reca'ls  to 
my  mind  an  early  experiment  in  the  re- 
heating of  compressed  air  that  1  carried 
out  at  a  coal  mine  in  the  United  Kingdom. 

It  was  in  the  early  days  of  electric 
lighting,  before  the  advent  of  the  com- 
pound machine,  before  the  law  of  the  dy- 
namo was  understood,  and  when  the  only 
available  machine  for  lighting  was  the  se- 
ries-wound generator.  Electric  lighting  of 
mines  wau  then  distinctly  in  the  experi- 
mental stage.  I  was  a  pioneer  of  elec- 
tric lighting  in  mines  on  this  side  and 
had  fitted  up  several  installations  of  arc 
lamps  in  collieries  in  South  Wales,  and  in 
the  county  of  Durham;  one  at  Harris' 
Navigation  Colliery,  Glamorganshire,  then 
one  of  the  deepest  mines  in  the  Kingdom. 

The  manager  at  the  Harris  colliery  was 
anxious  to  try  some  incandescent   lamps 


whole  parallel  went,  and  all  lights,  were 
extinguished. 

Engine  Froze  up 

As  is  usual  we  experienced  trouble 
from  the  formation  of  ice  in  the  exhaust 
ports  of  the  compressed  air  engine  that 
drove  the  dynamo.  It  occurred  to  me 
that  if  I  could  reheat  the  air  entering  the 
cylinder,  this  difficulty  would  be  avoided. 
To  accomplish  this,  I  wound  a  length  of 
cotton-covered  insulated  wire  upon  the 
compressed-air  supply  pipe  to  the  en- 
gine. The  current  for  the  lamps  first 
passed  through  the  wire  surrounding  this 
pipe  and,  the  wire  being  comparatively 
small,  a  considerable  amount  of  heat  was 
liberated.  This  reheating  sufficed  to  cor- 
rect the  tendency  to  the  formation  of  ice. 

I  never  made  any  measurements  as  to 
what  it  was  costing  to  reheat  the  air.  In 
tliose  days  there  were  no  instruments 
available  for  taking  accurate  electrical 
measurements.  Besides  the  great  aim  was 
to  enable  the  engine  to  continue  working. 


i^   <>    i>    i> 

1 — 1 

^   ^    {?  ^ 

Lamps 

1^               \ 

T?it  EngiJUtrintf  #  Mining  Journal 

Wiring  .^RRANCEMENT  for  Electric  Reheating 


underground.  The  depth  of  the  mine,  2295 
ft.,  practically  forbade  carrying  cables 
down  the  shaft;  for  apart  from  the  heavy 
cost  of  fixing  shaft  cables,  the  shaft  it- 
self was  quite  wet,  indeed  it  practically 
rained  on  one  as  he  descended  in  the 
cage.  The  power  required  for  the  lights 
underground  was  only  from  4  to  5  h.p., 
and  there  was  plenty  of  compressed  air 
available,  compressed  air  being  used  for 
the  haulage  and  other  plants.  A  small  en- 
gine was  fixed  near  the  pit  bottom,  driving 
an  "A"  series-wound.  Gramme  machine. 
Forty  lamps  of  20  c.-p.,  as  they  were  listed 
in  those  days,  were  fixed  in  two  paral- 
lels, as  shown  in  the  figure,  the  two  paral- 
lels being  in  series.  Incidentally  I  may 
mention  that  we  had  great  trouble  with 
the  installation,  owing  to  the  liability  of 
some  of  the  lamps  on  one  parallel  burn- 
ing out,  and  the  remainder  having  to 
carry  the  whole  of  the  current  that 
passed  through  the  lamps  on  the  other 
parallel.  It  frequently  happened  that  if 
one  or  two  lamps  of  a  parallel  failed, 
some  others  that  were  rather  near  their 
failing    point    also    failed,    and    then    the 


The  additional  consumption  of  a  fraction 
of  a  horsepower  did  not  seriously  atfect 
the  cost  of  running  the  lights  although,  of 
course,  the  dynamo  had  to  run  a  little 
faster  to  furnish  the  additional  pressure 
required  to  overcome  the  resistance  of- 
fered by  the  heating  wire. 

Sydney  F.  Walker. 
Bloomfield  Crescent,  Bath,  Eng.,  July 
1,  1910. 


Prices  in  Catalogs 

I  think  there  is  need  for  an  article 
about  catalogs  sent  to  Mexico  and  other 
countries  from  the  United  States.  Such 
publications  almost  always  come  with- 
out prices.  The  few  catalogs  with  prices 
get  the  business  very  often,  for,  even 
thouf#i  the  discounts  make  published 
prices  misleading,  the  latter  are  a  great 
help  in  estimating  cost  of  a  proposed 
plant.  I  have  seen  hundreds  of  "price- 
less" catalogs  burnt  in  Mexico.  One 
Texas  dry  goods  house  made  a  success 
by  publishing  a  catalog  with  prices  in 
Mexican    currency,    everything    delivered 


at  any  express  office  in  Mexico.  I  do 
not  suggest  that  a  similar  catalog  could 
be  used  for  machinery,  but  prices  in  gold, 
f.o.b.  the  factory,  should  be  printed  in 
the  list,  and  discount  sheets  sent  to  bona, 
fide  inquirers. 

On  one  occasion  I  had  three  different 
quotations  from  as  many  officials  of  a 
certain  machinery  house,  and  discovered 
a  system  of  "rakeoffs"  that  would  aston- 
ish  you. 

A  great  deal  of  poor  machinery  gets 
into  Mexico  and  it  looks  as  if  some 
houses  ship  us  any  old  thing  to  get  the 
money.  It  is  rather  rough  luck  to  have 
new  machinery  fail  in  some  far-away 
spot  with  no  machine  shop  and  no  rail- 
way communicatioi.. 

It  would  be  too  much  to  hope  for  cat- 
alogs in  Spanish  with  prices  in  Mexican 
money,  and  a  house  behind  them  to  ship 
goods  as  represented,  and  packed  so  as 
to  survive  the  trip.  Of  course,  most  of 
us  who  are  in  charge  of  mines  here  are 
American  or  English,  but  many  Mexican 
companies  buy  European  machinery. 
"There's  a  reason." 

Hugh  G.  Elwes. 

Papantla,  Veracruz,  Mex.,  Aug.  10, 
1910. 


?  QUESTIGNS^-^ANSWERS 


Uses  for  Antimony? 
Can  any  reader  of  the  Journal  state 
for  what  purposes  and  to  what  extent 
antimony  could  be  used  as  an  alloy  or 
otherwise,  provided  that  a  large  supply 
of  the  metal  were  available  at  S48  per 
long  ton?  A.   P. 

Cutting  Jade,  Etc. 

( 1 )  Do  you  know  of  any  machinery 
for  cutting  such   stone   as  jade? 

(2)  What  is  used  for  making  incan- 
descent burners  for  gas  mantles  and 
where  can  it  be  obtained  ? 

(3)  Where  would  you  get  machinery 
to  prepare  asbestos  having  a  very  long 
fiber?  G.  A.  M. 

( 1 )  Jade  is  usually  cut  by  the  ordi- 
nary lapidary  wheel  which  consists  of  a 
thin  iron  wheel  edged  with  diamond 
splinters  or  dust.  William  Dixon,  Inc., 
39  John  street,  New  York,  handles  such 
equipment. 

(2)  Incandescent  mantles  are  made' 
of  selected  cotton  fiber,  purified  to  re- 
move all  possible  traces  of  mineral  mat- 
ter. The  knitted  fiber  is  saturated  with 
lighting  fluid,  composed  of  one  part  of 
a  mixture  of  approximately  99  per  cent. 


'••Tli(>  Mineral   Industr.v,"  Vol.  XVII,  p.  054. 


393 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


thorium  nitrate  with  1  per  cent,  cerium 
nitrate,  and  three  parts  distilled  water. 
It  is  then  dried  and  ignited.  After  this 
the  mantles  are  shaped,  fire-tempered 
and  tested.  Then,  after  covering  with 
collodion,  they  are  ready  for  the  market. 
Thorium  is  one  of  the  constituent  ele- 
ments in  monazite.  which  is  found  in 
North  and  South  Carolina  in  placer  de- 
posits. The  greater  part  of  the  world's 
supply  of  monazite  comes  from  Brazil. 
(3)  Machinery  for  preparing  asbestos 
is  sold  by  Earle  C.  Bacon,  New  York, 
and  possibly  other  manufacturers  of 
mining  and  milling  machinery. 

Increasing  Capacity  of  Suction  Dredge 

We  sometimes  have  to  dredge  sand  and 
gravel  from  considerable  depths  and 
when  the  depth  is  over  60  ft.  and  ma- 
terial coarse,  the  percentage  that  it  is 
possible  to  raise  by  suction  is  quite  small, 
due  to  the  weight  of  the  solution. 

I  have  wondered  what  would  be  the  re- 
suh  of  introducing  a  jet  of  water  under 
pressure  into  the  pipe  near  the  suction 
end.  Our  suction  pipe  is  22  in.  in  di- 
ameter, and  the  velocity  of  flow  is  about 
12  ft.  per  sec;  the  quantity  of  water  or 
solution,  say,  14,000  gal.  per  min.  What 
would  be  the  result  of  a  stream  of  water 
of  500  gal.  per  min.  at  a  pressure  of  200 
lb.  per  sq.in.,  directed  into  the  pipe  at 
an  angle  of,  say,  10  deg.  from  parallel 
with  the  pipe?  Owing  to  the  solid  bodies 
passing  through  the  pipe  the  end  of  the 
nozzle  must  not  protrude  much  inside  the 
edge  of  the  pipe. 

I  figure  that  if  the  stream  were  project- 
ed into  the  pipe  parallel  with  the  pipe 
it  would  theoretically  produce  a  differ- 
ence in  head  of  about  16  ft.  Is  that  cor- 
rect? What  would  be  the  practical  re- 
sult? What  would  be  the  result  if  the 
flow  through  the  pipe  was  reduced  to  6 
ft.  per  second  or  if  it  was  stopped  en- 
tirely as  it  is  often  under  present  cir- 
cumstances, owing  to  too  large  a  percent- 
age of  material  being  drawn  in,  or  to 
quantities  of  mud  or  clay  falling  around 
the  suction  pipe.  This  applies  to  plain 
suction  dredging  where  no  cutter  or  agi- 
tator is  used.  E.  L. 

The  introduction  of  additional  water, 
no  matter  under  what  head,  into  the  suc- 
tion pipe,  will  put  extra  load  on  the  pump 
on  the  suction  line.  Thus,  no  advantage 
will  be  gained.  To  make  this  plain,  con- 
sider the  case  when  an  amount  of  water 
equal  to  that  already  being  drawn  is 
introduced.  It  is  evident  that  no  sucking 
will  be  done,  as  the  pump  will  be  taxed 
to  capacity  to  handle  the  "injected"  water 
alone.  If  a  greater  quantity  be  intro- 
duced a  back  current  will  be  created  out 
of   the    suction    pipe. 

In  the  case  in  question  the  water  to 
be  introduced  is  small  in  comparison  with 
that  sucked,  but  the  reasoning  holds. 
To  increase  the  sucking  ability  of  the 
diedge,  a  larger  pump  should  be  put  on 
the  suction  pipe  or  more  power  applied. 


Good  Reports  from  Colorado 
Camps 

Denver  Correspondence 

In  old  established  mining  camps,  an 
"even  tenor  of  its  way"  is  not  productive 
of  good  results.  Miners,  prospectors  and 
capitalists  get  listless,  whereas  a  new 
strike  of  rich  ore  in  an  old  mine,  or 
the  discovery  of  a  new  one,  brings  inspir- 
ation to  the  community,  and  draws  out 
dormant  capital.  By  a  singular  conca- 
tenation of  circumstances  this  is 
now  happening  in  nearly  every  camp  in 
Colorado,  and  is  what  more  than  all  else 
that  is  responsible  for  the  present  re- 
vival of  mining  industry  throughout  the 
State. 

Drainage  Tunnels  to  Make  Rich  Ter- 
ritory Accessible 
In  Gilpin  county  the  Newhouse  tunnel 
is  now  close  to  completion  and  about 
to  unwater  the  Gunnell  and  other  histor- 
ic gold  mines,  which  in  early  days  pro- 
duced their  millions.  In  Cripple  Creek, 
the  Roosevelt  tunnel  will  soon  be  opened, 
and  there  will  be  a  similar  unwatering 
of  the  deep  mines  and  about  750  ft.  of 
virgin  ground.  Strikes  of  rich  ore  are  of 
weekly  occurrence,  and  the  extraordinary 
reduction  of  treatment  costs  assists  fur- 
ther in  promoting  extended  operations. 
Georgetown  has  its  late  discovery  of 
high-grade  gold  and  silver  ore  in  the  new 
field  on  Bard  creek,  known  as  Camp 
Beshear,  and  Ouray  has  been  electrified 
with  a  discovery  in  the  Bright  Diamond 
of  one  of  those  extraordinary  caves  in 
the  upper  quartzite  a  mile  north  of  town. 
Twenty-six-ounce  gold  ore,  in  the  shape 
of  a  red  dirt,  was  found  on  the  fioor  of  the 
cave,  which  is  similar  to  those  which  oc- 
curred in  the  same  formation  in  the 
American  Nettie,  and  produced  millions. 
This  camp  also  has  the  steady  flow  of 
gold  bullion  from  the  Camp  Bird  to  point 
to.  Silverton  has  its  late  discovery  of 
high-grade  gold  ore  in  the  Iowa-Tiger, 
hitherto    a    producer    of    silver-lead    ore. 

■  Dredges  Reported   Profitable 

At  the  Breckenridge  placers,  the  dredges 
are  operating  at  capacity,  and  the  French 
Gulch  Gold  Alining  Company  has  just 
sent  an  SI  1,000  gold  brick  to  the  Denver 
mint.  The  Reliance  dredge  is  reported 
to  be  making  big  "clean-ups,"  and  the 
Colorado  Gold  Dredging  Company,  on 
the  Swan  river,  is  reported  to  have  paid 
a  20  per  cent,  dividend  last  year,  and  to 
be  working  gravel  this  summer  that  aver- 
ages 26c.  per  cu.yd.  The  dredge  capacity 
is  2100  cu.yd.  per  24  hours. 

Leadville    a    Producer   of    High-grade 
Gold  Ore 

Leadville,  which  opened  its  marvellous 
career  as  a  silver-lead  camp,  is  now  one 
of  our  largest  gold  producers,  and  though 
not  generally  known,  a  great  producer  of 


big  nuggets,  Breece  hill  having  given  up 
most  of  them.  In  the  Ibex  mine,  chunks 
of  gold  are  often  found  and  the  company 
is  said  to  have  made  special  provision 
for  their  melting,  and  in  a  few  years  past 
to  have  so  converted  into  bullion  $500,000 
worth  of  nuggets,  those  of  10  lb.  weight 
being  of  frequent  occurrence.  Recently 
a  mass  of  high-grade  quartz  ore  weigh- 
ing 66  lb.  and  containing  gold  to  the  value 
of  $4500,  was  found  in  this  mine.  In 
the  Vinnie,  a  mass  of  gold  weighing  30 
lb.  was  found,  and  the  Cleveland  mine  is 
almost  entirely  a  producer  of  gold,  hav- 
ing shipped  to  date,  it  is  said,  oreamount- 
ing  to  nearly  one  million  dollars.  Tell- 
uride  has  to  its  credit  for  July  145  cars 
of  ore  of  25  tons  each,  and  regularly 
$26,000  per  month  profit  from  the  Tom- 
boy. 


California    Oil    Operators    Meeting 


Los  Angeles  Correspondence 


A  general  call  has  been  issued  to  the 
oil  operators  of  California  to  be  present 
at  a  meeting  to  be  held  at  Los  Angeles 
Aug.  18.  Fearing  the  enactment  of 
a  law  by  the  United  States  Government, 
in  line  with  its  policy  of  conservation, 
that  may  be  inimical  to  the  oil  interests, 
this  meeting  has  been  called  for  the  pur- 
pose of  studying  the  situation  and  for- 
mulating a  plan  that,  while  consistent 
with  the  policy  of  conservation,  will  in- 
sure fair  competitive  conditions  for  all 
those  engaged  in  the  production  of  oil. 
It  is  planned  to  present  this  plan,  in  the 
form  of  a  resolution,  at  the  meeting  of 
the  American  Mining  Congress,  to  be 
held  here  Sept.  26.  Sidney  Norman, 
chairman  of  the  convention  committee, 
has  received  a  telegram  from  Gifford  Pin- 
chot,  advising  that  he  will  arrive  at  Bak- 
ersfield,  on  Sept.  11  or  12,  for  a  trip 
through  the  oilfields.  Mr.  Pinchot  will 
study  conditions  in  the  oilfields  and  will 
then  proceed  to  Los  Angeles  to  be  pre- 
sent at  the  meeting  of  the  mining  congress. 
The  committee  has  received  notification 
from  many  prominent  men  of  their  inten- 
tion tb  attend  the  meeting,  and  indications 
are  that  this  will  be  the  most  representa- 
tive convention  ever  held  by  the  con- 
gress. 

The  danger  of  overproduction  in  the 
California  oilfields  is  not  so  imminent  as 
appears  from  the  reports  that  are  in  cir- 
culation regarding  the  various  gushers. 
True,  oil  is  being  spouted  from  several 
gushers  and  many  steady  producers,  but 
in  the  report  of  the  gushers  no  account 
is  taken  of  the  time  that  the  well  may 
lose  from  sanding  or  other  causes, 
and  this  often  amounts  to  a  great 
deal.  A  glance  at  the  official  state- 
ments of  some  of  the  companies 
shows  that  in  some  cases  reports  cir- 
culated indicate  a  production  of  from  25 
to  50  per  cent,    more    than    is    actually 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


397 


being  produced.  The  two  largest  gushers 
are  the  Lakeview  of  the  Union  Oil  Com- 
pany, flowing  from  20,000  to  24,000  bbl. 
per  day  and  gradually  decreasing,  and 
well  No.  79  of  the  American  Oilfields, 
flowing  about  16,000  bbl.  The  last  re- 
port from  the  latter  was  that  it  had 
sanded.  Both  of  these  wells  are  in  the  Mid- 
way field.  There  are  15  or  more  wells 
flowing  from  500  to  2000  bbl.  per  day, 
and  others  of  lesser  capacity.  Although 
there  are  no  signs  of  a  great  improve- 
ment in  conditions,  it  seems  to  be  the 
general  feeling  that  the  danger  of  over- 
production is  small  and  that  the  situa- 
tion will  continue  to  improve  slowly. 


Increase   in  Gold  Receipts  at 
San  Francisco  Mint 

San   Francisco   Correspondence 


An  unusual  amount  of  gold  is 
being  received  at  the  San  Francisco 
mint  for  this  time  of  the  year.  Much  of 
it  is  coming  from  the  gold  mines  of  Al- 
aska and  Nevada,  but  a  larger  propor- 
tion is  derived  from  California  gold 
mines.  There  is  also  some  coming  from 
the  Orient  and   Mexico. 

It  is  estimated  by  the  superin- 
tendent of  the  mint  that  the  local 
gold  receipts  this  year  will  amount 
to  S50,000,000.  He  attributes  the  in- 
crease in  California  receipts  to  the  op- 
erations of  gold-dredging  companies  and 
copper  properties.  This  latter  conclusion 
seems  odd  in  view  of  the  fact  that  several 
of  the  largest  productive  copper  smelting 
plants  have  been  entirely  or  partially 
closed  down  owing  to  litigation  about  the 
fume  question.  The  last  available  offi- 
cial statistics  are  those  of  the  calendar 
year,  1908,  when  the  amount  of  gold  de- 
rived from  copper  smelting  operations  in 
this  State  was  shown  to  be  $473,000. 
This  gold  was,  in  truth,  mainly  derived 
from  the  silicious  ores  used  as  a  flux  in 
the  copper  smelting,  and  by  far  the  larg- 
er proportion  came  from  the  mines  in 
Shasta  county,  where  the  largest  copper 
smelteries  were  operated.  During  this 
year  some  of  the  .smelteries  have  been 
restricted  in  their  output  and  others  have 
had  to  stop  work  entirely  for  a  time,  ow- 
ing to  the  complaints  of  damage  from 
fumes.  It  hardly  seems  possible,  in  view 
of  this,  that  much  of  an  increase  in  gold 
receipts  came  from  this  source. 

In  1908,  the  source  of  gold  production 
in  California  was  S8, 231, 187  from  placers 
of  various  kinds;  S10,0.S0,8,53  from  silic- 
ious ores  and  S6427  from  lead  ores.  The 
total  was  SI8,76I,559.  Of  the  placer  gold 
output,  the  dredging  industry  was  respon- 
sible for  56,536,189  and  this  was  an  in- 
crease of  51,470,752  over  the  yield  from 
the  same  source  in  the  previous  year.  It 
is  probable  that  the  dredgers  are  largely 
increasing  their  annual  output,  since  a 
number  of  new  dredges  of  large  capacity 


have  been  put  in  operation  since  these 
figures  were  compiled  by  the  U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey.  This  will  hardly  account, 
however,  for  the  great  increase  in  gold 
receipts  at  the  local  mint.  Many  other 
mines  in  the  State  must  be  doing 
very  well  indeed  to  send  in  so  much 
more  gold  than  usually  comes  to 
the  mint  at  this  season. 


Forest  Fires  in  the  Northwest 

Widespread  and  disastrous  forest  fires 
have  recently  done  great  damage  in  the 
States  of  Washington,  Oregon,  Montana 
and  Idaho.  Mining  towns  have  been  en- 
dangered and  some  partially  destroyed.  At 
Wallace  and  Burke,  Ida.,  great  loss  is  re- 
ported. In  the  Saltese  district  much  dam- 
age has  been  done.  As  yet  no  definite 
news  of  loss  to  the  many  important  min- 
ing properties  is  at  hand,  but  directly  and 
indirectly  the  fires  have  undoubtedly 
greatly  damaged  some  mining  companies. 
Some  prospectors  who  were  in  the  moun- 
tains of  this  region  have  probably  per- 
ished. 

CoEUR  d'Alene  Production  Not  Af- 
fected 
Some  fear  has  been  expressed  that  the 
fires  in  the  Cceur  d'Alene  would  affect 
the  lead  production  of  that  district.  A 
correspondent  in  the  district  reports  to 
us  under  date  of  Aug.  23  that  the  great- 
est danger  is  now  over.  None  of  the 
producing  properties  has  yet  lost  any 
portion  of  its  plant.  The  Northern  Pacific 
railway  has  lost  a  number  of  bridges  on 
its  line  through  the  Bitter  Root  moun- 
tains, but  the  Union  Pacific  is  open  and 
can  take  care  of  all  the  business.  There 
is  therefore  no  reason  why  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  production  should  be  affected  to 
any  degree. 


The    United    Mine    Workers    Face 
a  Serious  Problem 

Special  Correspondence 


It  was  nearly  daylight  Sunday  morning 
when  the  special  National  Convention  of 
Miners  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  adjourned 
amid  scenes  of  wildest  disorder.  The  ef- 
forts of  the  insurgents  through  a  plan 
presented  by  William  Green,  of  Ohio,  to 
shift  the  responsibility  of  financing  the 
present  strikes  to  President  Lewis  and 
the  national  executive  board,  were  de- 
feated, and  the  convention  voted  to  assess 
all  working  members  a  dollar  per  week 
to  support  the  strikers. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  it  will  be 
difficult  to  collect  such  an  assessment, 
:nd  it  is  probable  that  the  ranks  of  the 
union  will  be  sadly  depleted  through  the 
members  failing  to  meet  the  strike  levy. 
The  situation  at  present  is  such  that 
Green  and  his  supporters  will  be  respon- 
sible if  the  heavy  levy  wrecks  the  organ- 
ization, and  not  Lewis  and  the  executive 
board.     Mr.  Green  tried  also  to  have  a 


provision  passed  that  ordered  the  dis- 
charge of  all  national  organizers,  but  this 
move  was  unsuccessful. 

President  Lewis  Dictates  Statement 
After  the  meeting  closed.  President 
Lewis  dictated  the  following  statement: 
"The  convention  which  just  adjourned 
was  similar  in  many  respects  to  the  an- 
nual convention  which  was  held  in  Pitts- 
burg in  1899.  On  that  occasion  a  spEcial 
train  brought  a  delegation  from  Illinois 
to  Pittsburg  and  those  who  attended  that 
convention  will  remember  that  it  was  one 
of  the  most  sensational  ever  held  in  the 
history  of  the  organization.  The  real 
work  of  the  special  convention  which  has 
just  adjourned  is  confined  to  the  indorse- 
ment of  the  strikes  in  the  various  districts 
and  the  levying  of  an  assessment  of  SI 
per  week  per  member  on  each  and  every 
member  who   is  employed. 

"In  addition  to  this  the  declaration  is 
made  in  the  substitute  adopted  by  the 
convention  that  the  international  execu- 
tive board  violated  no  law  of  the  organ- 
ization in  their  endeavor  to  bring  about 
a  settlement  in  Illinois,  which  carried  with 
it  the  highest  wages  and  best  conditions 
of  employment  that  ever  existed  in  the 
State.  During  the  proceedings  of  the 
convention  we  were  told  by  the  former 
international  president  that  there  were 
some  points  in  both  propositions  that  he 
was  not  in  favor  of,  but  we  never  learned 
what  those  points  were.  When  men 
criticize  proposition  policies  or  the  work 
of  other  men,  the  most  common  courtesy 
requires  that  the  criticizers  should  at  least 
endeavor  to  offer  some  suggestions  that 
they  believe  would  be  an  improvement." 
President  Lewis,  while  making  an 
argument  before  the  convention,  predicted 
that  the  assessment  of  SI  per  week  would 
put  80,000  of  the  membership  on  the  de- 
linquent list,  which  would  mean  the 
weakening  of  the  organization  to  that  ex- 
tent. The  international  executive  board 
was  to  hold  a  meeting  Monday,  Aug.  22. 
and  will  probably  be  in  session  several 
days.  Its  members  have  confronting  them 
a  depleted  treasury,  the  organization  heav- 
ily in  debt  for  money  borrowed  and  with 
the  refusal  of  many  thousands  to  pay  the 
assessment  quick  relief  seems  remote. 

Convention  Cost  $1  per  Minute 
This  has  been  the  most  remarkable 
convention  ever  held  by  the  United  Mine 
Workers  of  America,  or  any  other  big 
labor  organization.  It  has  been  remark- 
able in  that  it  has  cost  about  SI  a  min- 
ute to  hold  the  convention  while  it  was 
in  session  on  an  eight-hour  basis.  Ap- 
proximately it  cost  S5000  a  day  to  keep  it 
going.  When  it  is  taken  into  considera- 
tion that  there  are  100,000  ininers  on 
strike  throughout  the  country,  and  that 
with  the  treasury  depleted  there  are  many 
suffering  wives  and  children,  which  was 
so  often  referred  to  during  the  delibera- 
tions, it  brings  out  a  fact  staggering  and 
pathetic. 


398 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27.  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as" 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Cam  Shaft  Collar 


By  J.  H.  Gates* 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
cam-shaft  collar  which  does  not  loosen 
on  the  shaft.  It  was  designed  by 
Charles  Harbottle,  of  Guanajuato, 
Me.x.,  and  has  proved  to  be  far 
superior  to  the  collars  that  have  to  be 
shrunk  on  the  shaft.  As  shown,  it  is  a 
split  collar  made  of  2x2-in.   iron,  turned 


T>Li  Enfftneii-ing  ^ 
Mimng  Journal 


NoNSLiPPiNC  Collar  for  Cam  Shaft 

out  to  the  exact  size  of  the  shaft.  In 
machining  the  collar  a  shim  '-«  in.  thick 
is  bolted  between  the  two  halves  at  C; 
this  gives  Ji-in.  to  be  taken  up  when  the 
collar  is  in  place. 

The  bolt  shown  at  D  is  2^:J  in.  long, 
with  -34  in.  at  the  lower  end  turned  as 
shown  to  ^-^-in.  diameter.  This  end  en- 
ters a  hole  that  must  be  drilled  in  the 
shaft  with  a  ratchet.  The  nuts  are  made 
of  case-hardened  tool  steel.  The  teeth 
shown  must  be  cut  before  hardening. 
Bolts  have  the  ordinary  1-in.  hexagonal 
head.  A  small  hole  is  drilled  through 
each  bolt  just  under  the  head,  as  shown 
at  A.  A  pin  inserted  through  this  hole 
and  a  corresponding  groove  cut  in  the 
collar  keeps  the  bolt  from  turning.  To 
take   the   collar  oft   it   is  best   to   cut   off 

•Aparliulo  .l.'i.  Cniui.ijuiifo.   Mvx. 


the  head  from  the  bolts  as  it  requires 
some  time  to  turn  the  nuts  backward. 
The  side  of  the  collar  that  comes  in  con- 
tact with  the  cam-shaft  bearing  is  faced. 


The  Health  Aspect  of    Sand 


Fill 


ing^ 


Steel  Arc  Chute  Gate 


A  strong  and  durable  arc  chute  gate  of 
simple  pattern  is  used  on  the  flat-raise  ore 
pocket  in  the  Pittsburg-Silver  Peak  mine, 
near  Blair,  Esmeralda  county,  Nev.  The 
entire  output  of  the  mine,  about  500  tons 
per  day,  is  handled  through  these  chutes; 
hence  gates  sufficiently  strong  to  with- 
stand the  wear,  and  with  a  positive  ac- 
tion, must  be  used.  The  type  shown  in 
the  accompanying  drawing  has  given 
satisfaction. 

The  frame  of  the  gate  is  made  of  twJ 
pieces  of  J^xS-in.  iron  bent  on  an  arc 
with  a  radius  of  22 K'  in.  and  turned  back 


Some  interesting  experiments  have 
been  carried  out  at  the  Village  Main  Reef 
lately  with  the  cooperation  of  Doctor  Moir, 
chemist  to  the  Mines  Department,  with 
the  object  of  testing  the  alleged  poisonous 
character  of  the  sands  which  it  is  pro- 
posed to  send  underground.  Since  it  is 
intended  to  send  down  old  tailings  through 
the  Village  Main  Reef  into  the  Village 
Deep  workings,  it  was  necessary  to  make 
sure  of  their  innocuous  condition. 

Testing  for  Hydrocyanic  Acid 

A  large  disused  boiler  was  filled,  by 
means  of  a  launder  carrying  mine  water 
with  as  much  material  as  it  would  hold, 
the  conditions  being  practically  the  same 


bj 


Tile  Bnginetring  X^Iining  Journal 

Steel  Arc  Chute  Gate  at  Pittsburg-Silver  Peak  Mine 


at  either  end,  and  bolted  with  1-in.  bolts,  to 
the  hub  of  the  gate.  These  pieces  of  "u-in. 
iron  are  spaced  1  in.  from  the  edge  of  the 
gate  and  fastened  to  the  i-g-in.  sheet  steel 
that  forms  the  arc  of  the  gate,  with  four 
•34 -in.  rivets.  By  using  single  pieces  of 
heavy  iron  to  fasten  the  arc  to  the  hub 
and  extending  entirely  across  either  end 
of  the  gate  segment  added  stiffness  is  ob- 
tained. The  hubs  are  3  in.  thick,  6  in. 
wide,  lO'i  in.  long  and  bored  for  a 
2  3/16-in.  axle. 

One  of  the  chief  advantages  of  this 
type  of  gate  is  in  the  few  parts  required 
for  its  construction,  and  hence  the  sim- 
plicity of  setting  it  up.  There  are  only 
five  pieces  to  the  gate  and  for  putting 
them  together,  four  bolts  and  eight  rivets 
are  required.  The  components  of  the 
gate  are  a  piece  of  fx-in.  sheet  steel, 
34x26'4  in.,  to  form  the  arc  segment  of 
the  gate,  two  ■'4x3-in.  iron  bars,  33'i 
in.  long,  for  the  frame  or  spokes,  two 
cast-iron  hubs  of  the  pattern  shown  in  the 
drawing,  eight  fi-in.  rivets,  and  four  1- 
in.  bolts. 


as  will  prevail  when  the  sand-filling  oper- 
ation actually  commences.  After  standing 
for  a  day  the  opening  was  closed,  and  for 
a  couple  of  days  more  the  mixture  of 
mine  water  and  accumulated  tailings  was 
left  to  generate  hydrocyanic  acid.  The 
cover  was  removed  in  the  presence  of 
Doctor  Moir  and  others.  A  filter  papersatu- 
rated  with  a  newly-discovered  test  solu- 
tion was  held  in  the  interior  of  the  boiler 
for  about  five  minutes  by  Doctor  Moir,  and 
on  being  withdrawn  showed  no  trace  of 
hydrocyanic  acid.  The  test  was  a  severe 
one,  because  abundant  time  was  afforded 
for  the  generation  of  the  acid,  and  the 
temperature  of  the  interior  was  decidedly 
warm  at  the  time  of  the  examination.  The 
opening  into  the  boiler  was  purposely 
made  as  small  as  possible  in  order  that 
the  outside  air  should  have  no  disturbing 
effect. 

To  show  the  sensitiveness  of  Doctor 
Moir's  test  paper,  it  may  be  mentioned  that 
the  solution  employed  detected  hydrocyanic 

'Siiitll,   Afrirnil    Mill.  .Iiiuill..  A|)ril  :i0.  1910. 


I 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


399 


acid  vapor  almost  instantly  in  a  fresh 
mixture  of  current  tailings  and  mine  wa- 
ter. 


How  to  Erect  Three-Leg  Shears 


By  a.  Livingstone  Oke* 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
correct  way  to  erect  three-leg  shears, 
using  a  tackle  and  rope  from  a  hand  or 
power  winch.  The  three  legs  are  laid  out 
first  on  the  ground,  as  shown  in  the 
plan,  two  of  them  being  placed  with  the 
butt  ends  at  the  distance  A  which  is  to 
be  the  spread  of  the  shears  when  erected. 
On  these  tv.o  legs  a  cross  piece  is  se- 
cured, either  by  lashing  or  by  pegging 
down,  as  shown  in  Fig.  1.  One  end  of 
the  tackle  is  attached  to  the  cross  piece 
and  the  other  end  to  the  single   leg. .  It 


latter  usually  happens  nine  cases  out  of 
ten. 

It  may  be  worth  while  pointing  out 
that  boring  the  holes  for  passing  he  pin 
should  be  done  by  laying  out  the  three 
legs,  as  shown  in  the  plan,  with  the 
spread  A  equal  to  the  proposed  base 
when  erected.  In  this  way  there  is  no 
risk  of  the  pin  being  bent,  as  the  angle 
between  these  two  legs  remains  constant 
and  cannot  be  altered  without  bending 
the  pin.  The  hight  of  the  shears  may  be 
altered  by  moving  the  middle  leg  nearer 
or  further  from  the  other  two. 


The  small  circular  patch  of  candle 
grease  at  the  center  of  the  objective  has 
no  perceptible  effect  on  the  optical  qual- 
ities of  the  telescope.  This  device  is 
incomparably  more  handy  than  the  re- 
flector ordinarily  used.  Any  surveyor 
who  has  ever  used  this  method  is  not 
likely  to  return  to  the  use  of  the  reflec- 
tor. 


Illumination  of  Cross   Hairs    in   a 
Mining  Transit 


The  ordinary  retlector  as  applied  to  the 
telescope  of  a  mining  transit  is  at  best 
an  aw'kward  attachment.     The  lamp  can 


Device  to  Reduce  Top  Water 
on  Jigs 

By  James  L.  Bruce  * 

In  the  Joplin  district  the  crushed  un- 
sized ore  is  partially  concentrated  on  five- 
or  six-cell  rougher  jigs  and  this  con- 
centrate is  then  cleaned  on  a  six-  or 
seven-cell  cleaner  jig.  In  this  practice 
the  water  added  to  the  plunger  compart- 
ment of  each  cell  increases  the  top  water 
of  the  following  cell  and  toward  the  tail 
end  of  the  jig  there  is  a  race  of  top 
water.  This,  in  addition  to  carrying  away 
large  quantities  of  ore  without  giving  it 
time  to  settle,  disturbs  the  pulsion  of  the 
plunger    water    and    interferes    with    the 


Plan  and  Elevation  of  Three-leg  Sheaves 


is  necessary  to  lift  the  center  off  the 
ground  two  or  three  feet,  before  applying 
the  power.  The  hauling  line  from  the 
tackle  should  come  from  the  single  leg 
as  this  is  the  one  that  slides. 

Proper  Hitches 
While  on  a  little  job  of  this  kind  the 
young  engineer  might  just  as  well  use 
the  proper  kind  of  hitches  and  these 
are  shown  in  the  smaller  detail  sketches. 
Putting  this  up  in  a  workmanlike  way  im- 
presses the  onlookers  a  great  deal  more 
jthan  the  most  fluent  flow  of  forcible 
language  after  making  a  false  start.  The 

*.Mfiilii;:  cnKinrcr.  .Vr^jt'nUnc  tS:  (lonorni 
I  Kxplnrntion  I'ompanv.  Knilwi.  Snn  .Tiinii.  Sr- 
Igentlni-. 


be  held  on  one  side  of  the  telescope  only 
and  this  may  be  inconvenient.  A  useful, 
convenient  and  effective  "kink,"  is  the 
following: 

Drop  a  little  molten  candle  grease  on 
the  center  of  the  object  glass.  Let  it 
cool  and  carefully  pare  it  thin  with  a 
pen-knife,  so  that  a  transparent  circu- 
lar film  of  candle  grease  about  ;4  in.  in 
diameter  is  left  on  the  center  of  the  ob- 
jective. This  film  of  wax  disperses  the 
light  so  effectively  that  a  lamp  held  al- 
most anywhere  in  front  of  the  telescope 
will  illuminate  the  cross  hairs  perfectly. 
The  source  of  light  may  be  held  on  either 
fide  and  above  or  below  the  axis  of  the 
telescope. 


_Jl8  Grate 
TAe  £iif  >n<«Hn9  ^  Mininj/  Journal 

Dewatering  Device  for  Jigs 

proper  settling  of  the  concentrate  and  the 
bedding  of  the   jig  cell. 

At  the  Continental  Zinc  Company's 
plant  the  jigging  action  has  been  much 
improved  by  dewatering  the  lower  cells 
of  the  jig  with  a  simple,  inexpensive  ar- 
rangement. In  principle  it  is  an  adjust- 
able slicer  which  removes  the  top  layer 
of  water  as  it  goes  over  the  partition  be- 
tween the  cells  of  the  jig  and  allows  the 
gangue  and  remaining  ore  to  run  under 
it  to  the  next  cell. 

Only  the  finest  slimes  are  carried  off 
with  the  water,  and  this  is  conveyed  to 
settling  tanks,  whence  it  goes  to  the 
tables.  The  cell  ahead  of  the  dewatering 
device  as  well  as  those  following  are 
benefited,  those  following  by  the  decrease 
in  "top  water"  while  the  backwater  on 
the  cell  ahead   reduces  the  surface  cur- 


•Mnnawr.  Pontlnental  Zinc  Company.  Jop- 
lin.   Mo. 


400 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


rents  and  provides  a  steadier  discharge 
which  disturbs  the  bed  less.  The  top 
water  is  removed  through  a  hole  Z  cut 
in  the  side  of  the  jig  at  the  end  of  the 
partition  between  cells  and  from  there 
carried  to  the  settling  tanks  which  feed 
the  concentrating  tables. 

Details  of  Construction 
The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
cross-section  of  this  device  from  the 
plunger  side  of  the  jig.  There  are  seven 
parts:  A  is  the  dam  which  holds  the 
water  back,  causing  it  to  flow  through 
the  opening  Z  and  is  made  of  a  piece  of 
pine  58.\6  in.,  with  a  length  equal  to  the 
width  of  the  cell;  B  is  the  rigid  part  of 
the  slicer  made  of  No.  10  or  No.  12  sheet 
steel  about  two  inches  wide,  fastened 
with  screws  to  the  under  side  of  A  and 
of  the  same  length;  C  is  the  adjustable 
part  of  the  slicer  and  can  be  set  to  re- 
move as  much  or  as  little  of  the  top 
water  as  desired.  It  is  made  of  No.  10 
or  No.  12  sheet  steel,  about  four  inches 
wide,  and  the  same  length  as  A  and  B, 
with  two  or  three  lugs,  which  project 
from  one  side  and  through  slots  in  B 
for  hinges;  D  is  a  heavy  wire  for  ad- 
justing C  and  passing  through  a  hole  near 
the  top  of  A.  It  is  held  in  place  by  a 
nail  or  pin  £  in  a  hole  alongside  the 
hole  through  which  D  passes;  F  is  one 
of  the  two  end  pieces  which  fasten  the 
device  to  the  sides  of  the  cell  and  is 
cut  with  a  bevel  to  keep  any  water  from 
going  out  through  the  discharge  Z  be- 
low the  slicer  C. 


Combined  Truss  and   Steam    Pipe 


It  was  necessary  to  run  a  l'4-in.  steam 
line  to  a  small  two-story  building,  24 
ft.  from  the  main  building,  for  heating 
purposes.  If  run  underground,  the  pipe 
could  not  be  drained,  as  the  top  of  the 
sewer  pipe  was  flush  with  the  surface 
of  the  yard.  The  space  between  the 
buildings  is  used  as  a  driveway  for  high- 


Pump  Station  at  Leonard  Mine, 
Butte 


The  pumps  for  handling  all  of  the  water 
from  the  Boston  &  Montana  company's 
mines,  and  from  some  of  the  mines  of 
the  Butte  Coalition  company,  are  sta- 
tioned on  the  1200-ft.  level  of  the  Leon- 
aid  mine.  The  new  pump  station  is  situ- 
r.ted  about  150  ft.  to  the  south  of  the  No. 
1  Leonard  shaft,  the  old  pump  station 
being  close  to  the  shaft. 

The  No.  1  Leonard  shaft  serves  as 
an  airway  and  through  one  compartment 


are  each  driven  at  60  strokes  per  min- 
ute by  two  150-h.p.,  440-volt,  180-amp. 
motors  run  at  495  r.p.m.  In  the  old  sta- 
tion there  is  a  1500-gaI.  auxiliary,  steam 
pump  and  a  smaller  one  with  a  capacity 
of  about  600  gal.  per  minute. 

Timbering  of  Station 

The  construction  and  timbering  of  the 
station  is  particularly  interesting.  It  is 
built  with  an  idea  of  providing  ample 
space  and  in  such  a  manner  as  to  assure 
permanence.  Provision  against  the  crush- 
ing of  timbers  and  caving  of  the  roof 
was  especially  necessary,  for  as  stated, 
the  pumps  in  this  station   handle  prac- 


1''2  Sheet  Steel 


Block 


Ti.v.BER  Set  in  Pump  Station, 

are  run  a  10-in.  wood-lined  drain  column, 
8-  and  11-in.  lead-lined,  discharge  pipes 
from  the  electric  pumps,  and  electric 
cables,  etc.  A  double-deck  cage  is  used 
to  handle  waste  and  supplies  in  case  of 


-10- 


-le— 


1x4  Nipple     33l 


=CC 


1  X  8  Nipple 


=^C*^ 


l"x  4"Xipple 


IM  Pipe 


I'RlKht  and 
Left  Coiipliog 


^1"  Right  and 
Lett  Coupling 


Co.MBiNED  Truss  and  Steam  Pipe 


top  loaded  trucks,  so  that  the  pipe  had 
to  go  overhead,  at  an  elevation  of  not 
less  than  16  ft.  The  accompanying 
sketch  from  Power  shows  a  combination 
including  a  sort  of  truss  and  outdoor 
steam-pipe  covering  assembled  from  the 
material  on  hand  to  meet  these  require- 
ments. 


The  Southern  Pacific  extension  is  com- 
pleted to  the  Santiago  river,  1004  km. 
from  Guaymas,  and  regular  train  service 
will  be  soon   inaugurated. 


emergencies.  Between  the  No.  1  and  the 
No.  2  shafts,  the  latter  of  which  is  the 
main  hoisting  shaft  of  the  mine  at  the 
present  time,  separate  parallel  drifts  are 
run  for  haulage-ways  and  for  carrying 
the  air,  steam  and  water  lines,  and  elec- 
tric  cables. 

Pumping  Equipment 
The  pumping  equipment  in  the  new 
station  comprises  three  GOO-gal.,  five- 
throw,  electrically  driven  pumps,  one  of 
w  hich  is  of  Aldrich  and  two  of  Nordberg* 
build.    The  pumps  are  7xl2-in.  size  and 


The  EngxnetTxng  ^Mvnvng  Journal 

Leonard  Mine,  Butte,  Mont. 

tically  all  of  the  water  from  a  number 
of  the  mines  of  two  of  the  large  Butte 
companies,  hence,  the  stopping  of  the 
pumps  for  any  length  of  time  would  en- 
tail a  large  loss. 

The  station  is  cut  out  about  35x75  ft. 
and  30  ft.  high  in  the  clear.  An  accom- 
panying sketch  shows  the  scheme  of  tim- 
bering employed.  The  caps  reach  entire- 
ly across  the  station  and  are  supported 
at  their  ends  by  posts  and  also  at  points 
4  ft.  from  the  ends  by  auxiliary  posts. 
Thus  along  each  side  of  the  station  there 
are  two  rows  of  posts.  Angle  braces 
are  used  above  the  inner  row  to  give 
added  support  to  the  roof  of  the  station, 
which  is  trussed,  the  peak  be'ng  9  ft. 
above  the  center  of  the  caps  (Above 
pumps,  caps  are  cut  out  and  horizontal 
angle  braces  used)  At  the  point  of  their 
butting,  the  caps  are  held  firmly  in  place 
by  bolts  through  cover  plates  of  1'{>-in. 
sheet  steel.  The  plate  over  the  joint 
of  the  roof  members  extends  16  in.  down 
each  side.  The  station  sets  are  con- 
structed throughout  of  14xl4-in.  Oregon 
fir  timber;  sets  are  5  ft.  center  to  center. 


August 


1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


401 


By  giving  the  station  a  peaked  roof 
considerable  extra  excavation  is  necessi- 
tated and  additional  timber  is  required. 
The  added  cost  this  entails,  is,  however, 
more  than  counterbalanced  by  the  safety 
from  caving  that  is  assured  by  the  addi- 
tional strength  given  to  the  timber  fram- 
ing. In  a  similar  station  with  a  flat  roof 
it  was  necessary  to  clear  out  the  caved 
material  above  the  caps  each  year.  The 
station  described  has  already  stood  for 
three  years  and  it  has  not  yet  been  ne- 
cessary to  clear  away  any  debris, 
flooring  is,  however,  built  over  the  caps 
to  catch  any  material  that  caves,  and  an 
opening  is  left  between  the  rows  of  posts 
along  one  side  for  the  discharge  of  any 
caved  material.  Tracks  are  laid  along 
this  aisle  for  cars  to  handle  the  dirt. 

Arrangement  of  Tank 
Under  the  floor  of  the  station  is  built 
a  small  concrete-lined  tank,  3x20  ft.  and 
8  ft.  deep,  about  which  the  pumps  are 
grouped.  The  pump  plungers  all  draw 
directly  from  this  small  sump,  and  a 
feeder  20  in.  wide  and  8  ft.  deep  connects 
this  to  the  main  tank,  which  is  excavated 
in  the  solid  rock  to  one  side  of  the  sta- 
tion and  has  a  capacity  of  25,000  gal. 
The  concrete  lining  of  this  larger  tank 
is  2  ft.  thick.  A  great  saving  in  non- 
corrodible  piping  is  effected  by  having 
the  pump  plungers  draw  directly  from 
the  small  sump  tank  and  at  the  same 
time  the  pumps  are  seated  upon  firm 
foundations.  It  is  figured  that  the  addi- 
tional cost  necessitated  by  building  the 
sta<ion  as  described  will  be  more  than 
overbalanced  by  the  saving  effected  in 
its  upkeep. 


Cyanide  Treatment  of  Concentrates 
with    Mill  Tailings 


By  R.  E.  Tremeroux  * 

At  the  North  Star  mine,  Nevada 
county,  Cal.,  the  concentrates  are  ground 
in  an  Abbe  tube  mill  and  run  in  with 
the  tailings  from  one  of  the  two  40-stamp 
mills.  The  object  in  doing  this  is  to 
reduce  the  amount  of  fine  grinding  other- 
wise entailed.  The  concentrates  only,  are 
ground.  The  stamp-mill  tailings,  along 
with  the  concentrates,  are  classified  in 
Merrill  classifiers,  about  ,S5  per  cent,  go- 
ing to  the  sand  tanks  and  45  per  cent,  to 
the  slime  settlers. 

The  slimes  are  agitated  in  0.03  per 
cent,  cyanide  solution,  and  the  solution 
extracted  by  Oliver  slime  filters.  The 
sands  are  leached  in  I20.ton  tanks.  Forty 
Ions  of  0.1  per  cent,  solution  are  rim 
through;  then  125  tons  nf  filter  solution 
(from  the  slime  filter);  then  barren  so- 
lution from  the  Merrill  leaf  precipitate 
presses  until  the  effluent  solution  shows 
only  a  trace  of  gold.  The  strong  solution 
is  nm  into  one  gold  tank  and  the  wash 

•.Mikadii   niino.    Ki'imin.   Oiit. 


solution  into  two  other  gold  tanks.  The 
precipitation  is  done  in  Merrill  leaf 
presses.  Two  presses  are  used,  having 
a  capacity  of  200  tons  each  in  24  hours. 
The  value  of  the  concentrates  aver- 
ages S40  per  ton;  stamp-mill  tailings, 
$1.80  per  ton.  After  the  concentrates 
are  added,  the  slimes  have  a  value  of 
S4  and  the  sands  S2.90  per  ton.  The 
tailings  from  the  cyanide  plant  average 
about  S0.30  a  ton,  showing  an  extraction 
of  over  90  per  cent.  During  24  hours, 
130  tons  of  mill  tailings  and  five  tons 
of  concentrates  are  used.  In  precipitat- 
ing, 40  lb.  of  zinc  dust  are  used  per 
day.  The  cleanup  from  the  presses  aver- 
ages 400  to  500  lb.  of  dry  precipitate 
per  month,  valued  at  S20  to  S30  per 
pound. 


Cleaning  a  Sludge  Pond 

The  cleaning  of  a  sludge  pond  is  a 
problem  that  sooner  or  later  confronts 
every  millman.  In  the  Joplin,  Mo.,  dis- 
trict, this  was  formerly  done  by  making 
a  sled  in  form  of  an  "A"  and  hitching  a 


2  Space 


bank.  In  undercutting  this  bank  dis- 
astrous caves  sometimes  occurred  and  it 
was  often  difficult  for  the  boat  to  step 
forward  when  the  cheeks  of  the  digging 
tumbler  were  stopped  against  the  over- 
hanging face  of  gravel. 

To  overcome  this  trouble  12-in.  moni- 
tors fitted  with  4-in.  nozzles  and  supplied 
with  water  under  140-ft.  head  have  been 
placed  on  the  forward  deck  of  the  dredge, 
one  on  either  side  of  the  digging  well.  ^X'a- 
ter  for  the  hydraulic  giants  is  furnished 
by  a  3-step  volute  pump,  built  by  the 
Unied  Iron  Works,  Oakland,  Cal.,  and 
driven  by  a  150-h.p.  Westinghouse  va- 
riable-speed 2000-volt,  Type  F  motor 
run  at  580  r.p.m.  Two  motors  are  con- 
nected to  the  pump  so  that  one  is  avail- 
able in  case  of  accident  of  the  other. 

When  digging  in  particularly  tight 
ground  where  trouble  is  experienced  with 
a  high,  overhanging  bank  the  stream 
from  one  of  the  giants  is  directed  against 
the  bank  at  a  point  behind  where  the 
buckets  are  digging.  The  bank  is  thus 
caved  as  the  boat  swings  instead  of  wait- 
ing   until    a    large    overhang     has     been 


End  Gate 


jHie  Entfiaeering  ^  JiTininff  Juumal 

Sled  for  Cleaning  Sludge  Pond,  Joplin,  Mo. 


team  to  the  wide  end  and  dragging  it 
through  the  pond.  As  a  collector  and 
remover  of  sludge,  this  worked  very  well, 
but  as  it  had  to  be  raised  at  the  back 
in  order  to  dump,  it  was  neither  an  easy 
nor  a  clean  job. 

The  sled  shown  in  the  illustration  is 
an  improvement  on  the  former  method. 
It  is  built  of  2x8-in.  plank,  spaced  about 
2  in.  apart.  The  runners  are  of  the  same 
material  and  are  4  ft.  apart  at  the  wide 
end  and  2  ft.  at  the  other  end.  The 
sled  is  6  ft.  long.  The  narrow  end  is 
closed  by  a  gate.  The  team  is  hitched 
at  the  wide  end  and  the  driver  mounts 
the  sled  and  drives  through  the  pond. 
Upon  arriving  at  the  dumping  ground,  he 
removes  the  end  gate,  which  allows  the 
sludge  to  slide  out. 


Hydraulic    Monitors  on  Dredge 

The  No.  6  Folsom  dredge  of  the  Nato- 
mas  Consolidated  of  California  is  oper- 
ating on  high  ground  on  the  southern 
fiank  of  the  \merican  river  valley.  The 
ground  is  hard  and  very  tight  and  it  is 
necessary   for  the  boat  to  carry  a  high 


formed,  which  might  cave  suddenly,  pos- 
sibly wrecking  the  digging  ladder  or 
smashing  in  the  deck  of  the  boat.  When 
advisable  one  monitor  is  used  to  loosen 
up  the  ground  in  advance  of  the  buckets. 
By  this  hydraulicking  as  the  boat  swings, 
the  bank  is  loosened  and  broken  away 
gradually  all  the  way  to  the  top  so  that 
when  the  next  cut  is  made  the  ground 
may  be  easily  dug,  and  no  huge  masses 
drop  off  and  roll  into  the  pond,  being 
lost  back  of  where  the  buckets  are 
digging. 

Such  an  installation  as  that  described 
is  quite  expensive  and  the  operation  of 
the  giants  entails  considerable  expense 
for  power.  However,  under  such  con- 
ditions and  difficulties  as  No.  6  must 
contend  with  the  use  of  the  hydraulic 
monitors  proves  economical  as  the  safe 
operation  of  this  boat  is  insured,  less 
gravel  is  lost  and  the  dredge  is  enabled 
to  dig  faster. 


On  the  Rand,  163  tube  mills  were  at 
work  in  April,  1910  (South  African  Min. 
Joiirn.).  against  125  during  the  corre- 
sponding month  of  last  year. 


402 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


Ore  Deposits  of  Cananea  Mining  District,  Mex. 

Three  Types  of  Ore  Deposits:  Contact-Metamorphic,  Hydrothermal  and 
Igneous-Contact.      Capote  Basin  the  Principal  Producer  of  Sulphide  Ore 


B     Y 


S. 


EMMONS 


The  relative  position  of  the  mines  in 
the  Cananea  district  may  be  seen  on  the 
accompanying  map.  Beginning  at  the 
northwest,  ihey  are: 

1.  The  Puertocitos  mines,  in  the  lime- 
stone ridge  that  forms  the  northwestern 
extremity  of  the  uplift  and  overlooks  the 
broad  basin  of  Cuitaca  creek  to  the  west 
and  north,  which  is  carved  out  of  granite 
or  grano-diorite.  Other  mines  have  been 
opened  in  the  same  body  of  limestone, 
along  Elenita  creek  and  around  Elenita 
mountain,  south  of  Puertocitos,  but  are 
not  actively  worked. 

2.  The  ne.xt  important  mine  is  the 
Henrietta,  with  the  orebody  in  the  con- 
tact of  diorite  and  quartz  porphyry,  sit- 
uated where  Pinal  creek  emerges  from 
the  hills  into  the  open  valley  of  Puerto- 
citos creek. 

3.  Next  south  is  the  Elisa  mine,  at 
the  head  of  Elisa  gulch,  with  orebodies 
in  limestone  along  the  foot-wall  of  the 
Elisa  fault,  which  is  the  one  great  struc- 
tural fault  of  the  district.  Across  the 
ridge  to  the  south,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Capote  basin,  are  the  Sierra  de  Cobre 
properties,    with    orebodies    in    limestone. 

4.  The  mines  of  the  Capote  basin  are 
at  the  base  of  Chiva  peak.  The  Capote 
mine  is  at  the  west,  and  along  the  south 
slope  of  the  Capote  basin  are  the  Over- 
sight, the  Esperanza  and  the  Veta  Grande 
mines.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  basin, 
beneath  the  bed  of  the  creek,  is  the 
Democrata   mine. 

5.  East  of  the  Democrata  mine,  on 
the  low  ridge  that  separates  the  steep 
mountain  slopes  from  the  mesa,  are  the 
Kirk  mines,  and  south  of  them,  the  Re- 
public mine,  while  southeast  of  the  Kirk 
mii.c,  ilong  the  major  strike  of  the  ore- 
hody  are  successively: 

6.  The  Cobre  Grande,  America.  Bo- 
nanza and  Cananea-Duluth  mine,  all  in 
the  mesa  country.  The  most  important 
of  these  is  the  Cananea-Duluth. 

General  Geology 

The  Cananea  mountains  are  made  up 
larjiely  of  altered  eniptive  rock  and  it  is 
difficult  to  decipher  their  geological  his- 
tory. The  few  sedimentary  beds  that  do 
occur  are  quite  barren  of  recognizable 
remains  of  ancient  life,  so  that  it  is  onlv 
by  analogy  and  lithological  resemblance 
with  the  nearest  known  beds  that  their 
age  can  be  determined. 


•GpoloRlst,  U.  S.  rjeoloRlcal  Survey.  Wash- 
InRlon.    n.   ('. 

NoTK  — Excpipts  fi'om  nil  article  In  Eco- 
■nntitir    flrnloijtt.    .Tune,    UllO. 


The  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  oc- 
cupied by  igneous  rocks,  mostly  intru- 
sive, of  which  a  number  of  different  var- ' 
ieties  have  been  recognized  and  desig- 
nated by  specific  names.  It  is  assumed 
that  these  v.'ere  erupted  in  early  Tertiary 
times. 

Formations  in  Chronological  Order 
The  following  are  the  subdivisions  of 
the  rock  formations  given  in  chronologi- 
cal order,  as  far  as  their  relative  ages 
could  be  determined:  Cananea  granite. 
Capote  quartzite,  Puertocitos  limestone, 
Mariquita  diabase,  Huacalote  rhyolite, 
mesa  tuffs  and  agglomerate,  San  Pedro 
andesite,  El  Torre  syenite,  Elenita  syen- 
ite porphyry,  Henrietta  diorite  porphyry, 
Tinaja  granite  porphyry,  Cuitaca  grano- 
diorite,  Elisa  quartz  prophyry,  gabbro, 
later  diabase  dike,  and  ordinary  gravel 
and  alluvium. 

CONTACT-.METAMORPHIC    DEPOSITS 

The  most  typical  contact-metamorphic 
deposits  are  to  be  found  at  Cananea,  as 
v.'ell  as  those  which  would  generally  he 
classed  as  of  hydrothermal  origin.  It 
seems  evident  that  they  may  all  be  con- 
sidered as  products  of  the  after  action  of 
the  eruptive  intrusions. 

Puertocitos  Mine — The  two  principal 
areas  of  contact-metamorphic  deposits  are 
in  the  limestone  belt,  inclosing  ani  ex- 
tending southward  from  Puertocitos  to 
and  including  the  Elisa  mine.  The  Puer- 
tocitos limestone  body  lies  between  the 
Cuitaca  grano-diorite  on  the  west  and  the 
diorite  porphyry  on  the  east,  both  of 
which  have  acted  as  metamorphosing 
agents.  The  limestone  is  extensively 
mamiorizcd.  silicified  and  garnetized, 
and  the  copper  minerals  are  found  asso- 
ciated with  the  garnet  in  irregular 
patches  which  have  no  definite  structural 
relation,  except  that  they  follow  joints 
and  show  a  tendency  to  form  bodies  that 
dip  northeast  with  the  bedding  of  the 
limestone.  The  ore  occurs  at  Puertocitos 
also  in  both  grano-diorite  and  diorite  por- 
phyry, close  to  the  limestone.  Ir  follows 
fault  fissures  which  are  generally  paral- 
lel with  the  contact  and  have  a  north- 
east dip.  In  these  deposits  chalcopyrite, 
instead  of  bornite,  is  the  prevailing  cop- 
per-bearing ore. 

Elisa  Mine — The  ore  at  the  Elisa 
mine  is  of  the  same  general  type  as  the 
Puertocitos  ore,  with  chalcopyrite  as  the 
prevailing  copper  mineral.  The  ore- 
bodies  contain  more  zinc  blende  and  py- 
rite.  The  limestone  is  marmorized  in 
places,  but  in  connection  with  the  ore    it 


is  generally  altered  to  garnet.  The  ore- 
bodies  are  irregularly  spaced,  but  as  a 
rule  lie  near  and  to  the  south  of  the 
Elisa  fault. 

The  orebodies  are  sometimes  several 
hundred  feet  long  and  as  much  as  40  ft. 
wide.  They  have  been  developed  over 
700  ft.  below  the  surface,  but  the  oxi- 
dized ore  extends  only  to  the  first  level. 
The  Elisa  fault  is  nearly  vertical,  in  the 
upper  part,  but  assumes  a  gradually  flat- 
ter north  dip  in  depth. 

The  diorite  porphyry,  which  joins  the 
limestone  on  the  northeast,  appears  to 
have  been  the  main  cause  of  the  contact 
metamorphism,  but  the  quartz  porphyry 
at  a  distance  of  a  few  hundred  feet  from 
the  contact,  may  also  have  exerted  some 
action. 

Democrata  Mine — The  Democrata  ore- 
body  is  in  limestone  that  lies  be- 
neath the  bed  of  Democrata  creek.  The 
orebody  in  question  is  about  300  ft. 
north  of  the  shaft  and  has  been 
opened  from  the  300-ft.  level  to  the  700- 
fi.  level.  It  occupies  an  irregularly- 
shaped  fracture  zone  in  limestone,  50  it. 
or  more  in  width,  that  has  a  general 
east-west  strike  and  northerly  dip.  The 
ore  consists  of  a  coarse  breccia  of  the 
contact-metamorphic  limestone  cemented 
by  quartz  and  metallic  sulphides. 

Hydrothermal  Deposits 

The  hydrothermal  deposits  of  the  Cap- 
ote basin  are,  economically,  the  most  ini- 
pcrtant.  They  present  a  strong  contrast 
to  the  contact-metamorphic  ore  of  Puerto- 
cit'-s  and  Elisa.  The  hydrothermal  de- 
posits include  the  Capote,  Oversight,  Es-  I 
peranza  and  Veta  Grande  mines.  ™ 

The  rocks  exposed  in  the  Capote  basin 
are  mainly  quartzite  and  limestone,  in- 
truded by  masses  of  diorite  porphyry  and 
extensively  fractured  and  faulted,  with 
later  intrusions  of  quartz  porphyry.  The 
latter  rock  is  in  small  masses  within  the  , 
basin,  but  more  extensively  developed  in 
the  bounding  ridges;  to  the  north  at 
Campana  saddle  and  to  the  south  along 
the  upper  slope  of  Cerro  de  Cobre,  in 
each  of  which  localities  a  contact-breccil 
phase  is  developed,  where  diorite-por- 
phyry  fragments  are  cemented  by  the 
quartz-porphyry  magma. 

The  Capote  Basin 

In  the  rock  distribution,  the  Capote 
Quartzite  is  found  at  the  west  end  of  the 
basin  resting  on  Cananea  granite  with  a 
generally  northeast  dip,  and,  except  for 
a  narrow  northwest  band  faulted  up  be- 


Aimiist  27,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


403 


LEGEND. 

■"-Buildings.     BShafU.   YX Tunnels. 

Names  of  Shafts  and  Tunnels. 

Clme  N°o:  n'x:  (Oversight)        13  Bonanza  No.  2  Sh. 
4  i'       -r.«v^  Mrt  1  "^h  !■*  Bonanza  No.  J  hh. 

^.r-'^Talh''"-'''-  eCanan^'-SuiuS 

?  ?r.rrnd^\o.  5  sh.      n  ^^  ^ne-  ^^^.^ 

.^^hte^Gn^n^a^e'-Sh.  |?  g-^  aSd^  I?""" 

Note-  North-South  and  East- West  Lines 

arc  at  Two  (2)  Mile  Intervals.  ^ 

0  'i 


r*  *i»iiM«H«»  4  .VInliiK  /•!."«/ 


CANANliA    MlNlNU    UlSlKlCl,    SONOKA,    MKXICO 


404 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


tween  the  Capote  mine  and  Chivatera, 
h:s  not  been  seen  elsewhere  in  the  basin, 
either  on  the  surface  or  in  the  extensive 
mine  drifts. 

The  limestone  rests  conformably  upon 
the  Capote  quartzite  and  in  the  few 
places  where  bedding  planes  can  be  dis- 
tinguished, has  also  a  general  northeast 
dip.  It  is  largely  altered  to  garnet  or 
marble,  and  under  the  gossan  at  Capote 
pass  is  changed  to  gypsum.  On  the 
north,  where  it  is  sharply  delimited  by  the 
Elisa  fault,  it  forms  an  almost  continu- 
ous belt  along  the  north  slope  of  Capote 
gulch,  but  from  there  southward  is  gradu- 
ally crowded  out  by  the  intrusions  of 
diorite  porphyry  until  it  is  entirely  lost 
sight  of  under  Cerro  de  Cobre  peak.  The 
rest  of  the  area,  with  the  exception  of 
the  small  bodies  of  coarse  porphyry,  is 
occupied  by  diorite  porphyry,  prevailing- 
ly of  the  fine-grained  variety,  which  when 
highly  altered  is  with  difficulty  disting- 
uishable from  certain  alteration  phases  of 
quartzite  or  limestone. 

Ahhough  the  orebodies  may  cross  all 
of  these  rocks,  it  is  in  the  diorite  por- 
phyry, apparently,  that  ore  has  most 
readily  formed.  Actual  contact-meta- 
morphic  ore  in  garnet  rock  in  the  present 
workings  is  rather  a  mineralogical  curios- 
ity than  an  economic  product. 

Productive  Oreshoots 

The  great  productive  oreshoots  of  the 
Capote  basin  thus  far  developed  are  the 
Capote,  Oversight,  Esperanza,  and  Veta 
Grande.  These  occur  in  northwest- 
striking  zones  arranged  along  the  north- 
ern flanks  of  Cerro  de  Cobre,  with  a 
general  parallelism  to  each  other,  but 
each,  commencing  with  the  Capote  on  the 
west,  set  off  successively  a  little  more  to 
the  east  and  south,  and  with  a  pitch, 
which  when  it  departs  from  the  vertical 
is  also  to  the  southeast. 


The  Capote  Mine 

The  Capote  orebody  occurs  on  the 
western  edge  of  the  down-fauUed  block 
between  the  Capote  and  Ricketts  faults. 
The  gossan  above  it  caps  not  only  the 
quartzite  and  porphyry  along  the  Capote 
fruit  zone,  but  also  a  great  width  of  the 
hanging-wall  limestone.  The  actually 
stoped  area  on  the  motor-tunnel  level  was 
from  300  to  400  ft.  in  length  and  up  to 
165  ft.  in  width. 

This  main  ore  chimney  stood  nearly  ver- 
tical, decreasing  in  size  from  a  length  of 
47,S  ft.  on  the  first  level  to  130  ft.  on  the 
fourth.  A  second  shoot  of  somewhat 
similar  dimensions  starts  in  a  little  dis- 
tance to  the  northeast,  and  with  a  gen- 
eral southeast  pitch,  has  been  followed 
down  to  the  700-ft.  level,  and  cut  again 
on  the  1050-ft.  level.  It  lies  in  closely 
sheeted,  altered  and  somewhat  brecciated 
porphyry,  at  or  near  the  Capote  fault, 
which  dips  to  the  northeast  over  a  foot- 
wall  of  quartzite. 


The  Oversight  Mine 
The  Oversight  oreshoot  lies  about 
2000  ft.  southeast  of  the  Capote  chimney 
and  has  practically  no  gossan  directly 
over  it.  It  has  no  apparent  connection 
with  the  great  gossan  body  at  Oapate 
pass,  which  lies  about  1000  ft.  to  the 
west,  and  only  300  ft.  higher.  The  ore 
is  an  enriched  pyrite.  But  the  enrich- 
ment which  is  of  chalcocite  with  a  little 
native  copper  is  less  concentrated,  the 
shoot  consisting  of  a  series  of  lenticular 
bodies  of  richer  ore,  with  low-grade  ore 
between. 

The  Esperanza  Mine 
The  Esperanza  oreshoot  is  a  smaller 
body  to  the  east  of  the  Oversight  and 
separated  from  it  by  200  to  300  ft.  of 
quartzite  intruded  by  diorite  porphyry, 
which  forms  part  of  the  fault  block 
brought  up  to  the  east  of  the  Ricketts 
fault.  It  is  of  similar  composition,  but 
much  more  irregular  in  outline.  To  the 
east  of  it  lies  the  belt  of  limestone  which 
separates  it  from  the  Veta  Grande  mini. 

Veta  Grande  Mine 
The  Veta  Grande  oreshoot  lies  in  an 
easterly  dipping  tongue  of  diorite  that 
protrudes  into  the  broad  limestone  area 
east  of  the  Esperanza  mine  and  is  only 
250  ft.  wide  where  crossed  by  the  mot'ir 
tunnel.  The  ore  follows  a  zone  of  fract- 
uring and  brecciation  in  this  diorite  that 
strikes  northwest  and  dips  northeast  at 
angles  of  40  to  80  deg.  In  this  zone  it 
pitches  southeast  from  the  highest  point 
in  the  ore-body  at  the  Massey  shaft. 
Limestone  is  found  near  the  orebody 
both  in  foot-  and  hanging-wall  country. 
Ore  is  found  in  similar  fracture  zones  in 
the  porphyry  entirely  separated  from  any 
known  body  of  limestone,  notably  on  tne 
spur  east  of  the  upper  Democrata  gulch. 
Such  porphyry  ore  is  generally  of  lower 
grade  than  the  deposit  associated  with 
limestone. 

Igneous-contact  Deposits 
The  Henrietta  mine  represents  another 
type  of  deposit  which  may  be  called  an 
igneous-contact  deposit  since  it  more 
nearly  resembles  the  contact-metamor- 
phic  deposit.  The  orebodies  occur  along, 
though  not  immediately  on,  the  contact  of 
quartz  porphyry  and  diorite  porphyry, 
sometimes  in  one  and  sometimes  in  the 
other  rock.  The  mine  workings  which 
have  only  been  opened  within  two  or 
three  years  are  on  either  bank  of  Pinal 
creek.  The  ore  occurs  as  cement  filling 
in  a  breccia  zone  and  as  rock  impregna- 
tion or  replacement  along  fractures,  or 
filling  joints  or  veinlets. 


The    San  Antonio   District  of 
Lower  California 


In  the  San  Antonio  district  of  Baja 
California  there  is  a  notable  renewal  of 
mining  activities,  indicated  by  operations 
of  development  on  many  of  the  old  prop- 
erties, by  the  erection  of  several  new 
treatment  plants,  and  the  active  exploita- 
tion of  new  properties.  A  large  number 
of  new  denouncements  have  been  recent- 
ly  made. 

The    Progresso    company    is    operating 
continuously    with    the    treatment    plant 
running  full  time.     The  Aurora  y  Anexas 
company  is  installing  a  mill  and  cyanide 
equipment.     The  company  recently  made 
an    important    strike    on    the    Columbia 
mine  of  a  rich  vein  of  silver  ore.     The 
Roasario   and   Lucia   mines   of  this  com- 
pany are  producing  a  high  grade  of  oxi- 
dized  ore   for  milling.     El  Valle   Mining 
Company  is  installing  a  mill  and  cyanide 
plant  which  will  be  completed  some  time 
in  September.     The  company  has  recent- 
ly   acquired    additional    mining   territory. 
La  Colpa  is  the  name  of  a  company  op- 
erating under  lease  and  bond,  on  a  large 
outcropping  of  gold  ore.     This  property 
is  being  operated  by  Senor  Juan  H.  Men- 
doza,  who  is  shipping.     A  Tucson  (Ariz.) 
company  is  negotiating  for  the  property. 
An  American  company  has  recently  pur- 
chased    the     Esperanza-Trinidad     group 
and  will  undertake  to  develop  the  same. 
Las  Cacachilas,  in  a  mountain   range  of 
the  same  name,  an  Antigua  mine,  is  be- 
ing operated  by  Colonel  Harrington,  un- 
der the  supervision  of  R.  Shrack,  of  Col- 
orado.    W.  L.  Ketchum,  of  Tucson,  Ariz., 
is  investigating  the  Todos  Santos  district 
and  has  an  option  on   a  group  of  prop- 
erties there.     David  H.  Lawrence  is  also 
making  examinations  in  the  same  district 
and  has  control  of  a  group  of  properties 
for  his  clients.     In  the  Todos  Santos  dis- 
trict an  Arizona  company  has  taken  over 
some    free    gold    properties    and    has    a 
small   stamp  mill  in   operation. 


A  Mammoth  Rock  Drill 


At  EI  Tajo  mill  in  Sinaloa,  battery 
screens  of  thin,  punched  tin  plate  have 
been  found  to  cost  one-third  that  of  heavy, 
punched-steel  screens,  though  the  former 
erdnre  only  15  days  and  the  latter  wear 
for  30  days. 


The  Taylor  Horsfleld  Company  has  re- 
cently tested  at  Bendigo,  Victoria, 
Australia,  one  of  the  largest  rock  drills 
of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  was  manu- 
factured to  the  order  of  a  Queensland 
contractor  to  be  used  in  construction  of 
wharves  and  other  large  undertakings. 
The  drill  is  QV^  ft.  long,  weighs  about 
3000  lb.,  strikes  a  blow  of  8000  lb.,  arid 
is  capable  of  drilling  holes  18  in.  in 
diameter  in  rock  40  to  50  ft.  under  water. 
The  cylinder  diameter  is  8  in.  and  the 
stroke  is  12  in.  The  piston  weighs  450 
Ih..  the  chuck,  150  lb.  and  the  rods  and 
cutting  head,  1200  lb.  The  Austr.  Min. 
Stand,  reports  the  drill  to  have  done  sat- 
isfactory work  under  test. 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


405 


American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company 


The  eleventh  annual  report  of  Ihe 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany, for  the  year  ended  April  30,  1910, 
shows  an  appropriation  from  the  earn- 
ings for  repairs,  betterments,  new  con- 
,   struction    and    improvements,   amounting 

ASSETS  A.\n  LIABILITIES  OF  AMERICAN 
SMELTING  AND  RKFININC  COMPANY. 

.Assets. 
April  30.  1910.        Inc.  or  Dec. 

Propert  V *86,.S4.-..670  , .')  1       

Inw-sinients 2.n.-.s.:i>,s  ijs  .SI  .s'li ,:,«»  s:i* 

Melal.'i ls,(ir,9.:2j'.i,2L>  I77.(i:i7,is 

Material 1.27.s,i)',)7  Jio  .lu'.tuG.  16* 

Net  current  as- 
sets   46.5.140.64* 

C&sh  and  demand 

loan.s 1 1 1.620.400   .')9  4.261.161    49 

Total S119,.S7 1,786.  20  S2.328,812.34 

Liabilities. 

'    Capital  stock $100,000,000.00      

Bonds 121,000.00      8116,000.00* 

Net  current  lia- 
bilities   431.5.51.32        431,.i.Tl.32 

Unearned     treat- 
ment cliarEes. .        2,521.687.91         466,982.82 
,     Surplus 16,797,546.97     1,546,278.20 

I        Total $119,871,786.20  82,328,812.34 

'        •Decrease.       f'Demand    Loans"    cover    ad- 
vances to  afflllated   companies. 

to  Sl,324,348.  This  is  considerably  in  ex- 
cess of  similar  expenditures  for  the  pre- 
ceding year. 

Although  the  earnings  have  remained 
practically  the  same  as  for  1909  and  with 
copper,  lead  and  silver  as  low,  or  lower 
than  the  prices  prevailing  during  the  re- 
cent panic,  nevertheless  the  company  has 

INCO.ME  ACCOUNT  OF  A.MERICAN  S.MELT- 
ING  AND  REFINING  COMPANY. 

.April  30,  1910.        Inc.  or  Dec. 

Total  earnings. . .     88,887,788.41      $2.58,599.05* 
Deduct: 

Taxes  and  gener- 
al expense  ...  .  517,161.27         120,173.64* 

Ordinary  repairs 
and  better- 
menls 862.710  75  65,637.81 

Total      deduc- 
tion       $1,379,872.02        $54,535.83* 

Net  eamiUKS.  .  . .        7,507.916.39        204,063.22* 

Less: 
Emplo.vees'profit- 

sharing  lund 47,695.41* 

$7,507,916.39      $156,367.81* 
•Vppropriations 
for    new    con- 
structions  and 
improvements.  461,638.19        140.404.09 

Halance      net 

income $7,040,278.20      $296,771.90* 

Deduct: 
Dividends 5,500,000 .00      

Surplus    for 

year $1,. 546,278. 20      $296,771   90* 

t  |»lus  from  pre- 

lous  year ....  15,251 ,268 .  77     1 ,843,0.50 .  10 

Total  surplus. .  $16,797,546.97  $1,546,278.20 
*I>ecrease. 

been  able  to  pay  4  per  cent,  on  the 
common  stock  in  addition  to  the  regular 
7  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock,  and 
show  a  surplus  of  .SI, 546,278. 

Increasing  supplies  of  copper  material 
required  an  increase  during  the  year  in 
the  capacity  of  the  Perth  Amboy  refinery. 
The   directors   also   acquired    property    in 


Mexico,  which  will  add,  probably  in  the 
near  future,  another  profit-making  unit. 
The  payment  required  by  the  terms  of 
the  mortgage  given  by  the  Omaha  & 
Grant  Smelting  Company  during  the  year 
reduced  the  outstanding  bonds  to  the  sum 
of  $121,000.  It  is  stated  that  the  entire 
balance  will  mature  and  be  paid  during 
the  next  fiscal  year. 


American    Smelters'  Securities 
Company 


The  increasing  supplies  of  copper  from 
the  various  copper  companies  whose  pro- 
duct is  under  contract  to  the  works  of  the 
American  Smelters'  Securities  Company, 
accounts  largely  for  the  growth  of  busi- 
ness and  earnings  of  the  company,  as  in- 
dicated in  the  fifth  annual  report.  The 
net  earnings  for  the  year  ended  May  31, 

INCOME  ACCOITNT  OF  AMERICAN  .SMELT- 
ERS' SECURITIES  COMPANY. 

May  31,  1910.      Inc.  or  Dec. 

Total  earnings 87,213,475. 13  $1,783,408.86 

Dedvicl: 

Taxes,  general  ex- 
pen.se  and  inter- 
est       1,211,555.36  99,293.94 

Ordinary        repairs 

and  betterments.         799,609.25        108,230.69 


Total . 


$2,011,164.61      $207,524.63 


Net  earnings $5,202,310.52  $1,575,884.23 

Appropriation   for 

construction  and 

improvements...  .$532,039.38  •$53,344.26 
.Appropriation   for 

rc\aluation       o  f 

liKtnls    516,125.59        516,125.59 

.Appropriation   for 

revaluation       o  f 

investments 500,700.00        500,700.00 


earnings,  amounting  to  51,133,445,  have 
been  carried  to  the  credit  of  the  surplus 
account.  Two-thirds  of  the  surplus  net 
earnings,  after  the  payment  of  these  divi- 
dends, may  be  considered  an  earning  of 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  on  account  of  the  ownership  of 

A.SSETS   AND   LIABILITIES  OF  A.MERICAN 
SMELTERS'  SECURITIES  CO.MPANY. 

ASHETK. 

.May  31.  1910.      Inc.  or  Dec. 

Property $77,019,007    12   

Investments 4,452,069  79  $2,625,000.00 

.Metal  stocks 9,714,948  43     2.7,50,855  03 

.Material 1,099.0,53,95        114,526  77 

Cash 937,999.55      •347,335.04 

Total $93,223,078.84  $5,143,046.76 

Liabilities. 

Capital  stock $77,000.00000   

Deferred  liabilities,      2.163,920.00  •393,440.00 

Net  current  liabili- 
ties   1 10,816,406.  09  4,397,406.79 

Unearned     treat- 
ment charges. .. .      1.554,555.23  5,634.42 

Surplus 1.688,197.52  1,133,445,55 

Total $93,223,078.84  $5,143,046.76 

•Decrease.  tLargely  advTinces  from  .Ameri- 
can Smelting  and  Refining  Company. 

the  latter  of  177,510  shares  out  of  the 
300,000  shares  of  the  common  stock  of 
the  Securities  company. 

The  accompanying  balance  sheet  and 
income  account  shows  the  condition  of 
the  company  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year  on  May  31,  1910.  The  item  of 
deferred  liabilities  represents  the  amount 
still  due  the  stockholders  of  the  Balti- 
more Copper  Smelting  and  Rolling  Com- 
pany referred  to  in  the  last  annual  re- 
port and  which  is  being  reduced  by  semi- 
annual payments  in  accordance  with  the 
contract  of  sale. 


Total   appropria- 
tions    $1,548,864.97      $963,481.33 


Sierra    Consolidated   Mines 
Company 


Balance      net      in- 
come    $3,653,445.55      $612,402.90 


Deduct       di\'idend 

Pref.  "A" $1,020,000.00 

Derluct        dividend 

Pref.  "B" 1,500,000.00 


Total. 


$2,520,000.00 


.Surplus  for  year.  $1,133,445.55     $612,402.90 
Surplus  from  previ- 
ous year 554,751.97         521,042.65 


Total  surplus $1,688,197.52  $1,133,445  55 

•l)ecreasc. 

1910,  were  S5,202,310.  During  the  pres- 
ent year  further  additions  to  the  smelting 
and  refining  works  of  the  company  will 
be  necessary  to  care  for  the  increasing 
products  of  the  affiliated  companies. 

The  large  amount  charged  to  earnings 
on  account  of  new  construction  and  im- 
provements is  accounted  for  in  the  policy 
of  not  changing  the  property  account. 
The  directors  also  decided  to  carry  the 
metal  stocks  of  the  company  upon  a  con- 
servative valuation,  as  established  by  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany. This  required  a  charge  of  $5I(),- 
125  to  earnings. 

Regular  quarterly  dividends  have  been 
paid  at  the  rate  of  (3  per  cent,  on  the 
preferred  "A"  stock  and  5  per  cent,  on 
the  preferred  "B"  stock,  and  the  surplus 


The  first  annual  report  of  the  Sierra 
Consolidated  Mines  Company  has  just 
been  issued.  The  organization  of  the 
company  was  completed  early  in  Septem- 
ber, 1909.  This  report  and  the  statements 
submitted  are  for  a  period  of  eight 
months,  from  Nov.  1,  1909,  to  June  30, 
1910,  and  cover  the  entire  period  of  actual 
business  operation  of  the  company. 

Property 

Through  stock  ownership  the  company 
owns  and  controls  76  mining  claims  at 
or  near  Ocampo.  district  of  Rayon, 
Chihuahua,  Mex.  The  company  also  owns 
and  controls  over  100,000  acres  of  land 
in  the  same  district,  including  all  water 
rights  and  timber  thereon;  and  in  case 
mineral  is  discovered  the  company  has 
the  right  to  denounce  the  same.  The 
company  also  owns  lots  in  the  town  of 
Ocampo.  valuable  water  rights,  mill  sites, 
mining  and  milling  machinery,  mining 
concessions  and  other  personal  property, 
all  situated  in  the  district  of  Rayon.  The 
main  office  is  at  Duluth,  Minn.,  the  mine 
office  being  at  Ocampo. 

The  titles  to  all  of  the  properties  are  in 
a  Mexican  corporation,  called  the  Sierra 


40<3 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


Mining  Company,  S.  A.,  which  is  the  op- 
erating company  in  Mexico  and  all  the 
capital  stock  of  which  is  owned  by  Sierra 
Consolidated  Mines  Company. 

Development  Work 

Thirteen  of  the  mining  claims  alone 
cover  an  area  of  over  four  miles  long 
and  two  miles  wide.  A  number  of  these 
have  been  large  producers  of .  gold  and 
silver  in  the  past.  Before  starting  actual 
development  work,  the  mineral  zone  was 
carefully  examined  for  the  purpose  of 
determining  the  first  points  of  attack  and 
laying  out  a  comprehensive  scheme  of 
development.  During  the  first  few  months 
general  reconnaissance  work  was  carried 
on  and  a  topographical  survey  was  made. 
A  careful  geological  study  of  the  camp 
was  undertaken  and  completed. 

Principal  Operations  at  the  Matulera, 
Belen  and  Santa  Eduvices 

The  principal  mining  operation  was 
confined  to  the  Matulera,  Belen  and  Santa 
Eduviges  mines.  In  all  2796  ft.  of  de- 
velopment work  have  been  completed 
since  the  commencement  of  operation. 
Of  this  1815  ft.  have  been  driven  in  the 
Matulera,  913  ft.  in  the  Santa  Eduviges 
and  68  ft.  in  the  Belen.  This  work  has 
not  been  done  with  the  idea  of  immediate- 
ly disclosing  the  orebody,  but  with  the 
idea  of  making  a  thorough  development 
of  the  property.  On  June  30,  1910,  the 
development  work  had  exposed  a  tonnage 
in  the  Matulera  mine  of  between  40,000 
and  50,000  tons  of  ore  of  an  average 
grade  of  SIO  per  ton.  United  States  cur- 
rency. 

The  policy  of  the  company  is  to  carry 
on  development  work  thoroughly  and  con- 
tinuously at  the  rate  of  not  to  exceed 
$10,000  to  S15,000  per  month.  The  re- 
sults from  this  work  snould  begin  to  be 
apparent  shortly.  On  the  other  hand, 
some  of  the  work  can  hardly  be  expected 
to  be  fruitful  for  about  12  months. 

Titles  to  Properties 

It  was  considered  advisable  by  the 
management  to  consolidate  under  the 
Mexican  law  the  various  mines  and  min- 
ing claims  owned  by  the  company.  This 
necessitated  a  complete  survey  and  the 
application  for  new  patents.  All  the  con- 
tiguous mining  claims  are  thus  con- 
solidated into  one  entire  claim.  A  re- 
survey  has  been  completed  and  all  the 
boundary  monuments  have  been  con- 
structed by  the  company  in  accordance 
with  the  new  mining  law. 

Transportation 

The  Ocampo  camp  has  no  railroad 
facilities,  being  by  trail  about  97  miles 
from  Minaca,  and  by  a  wagon  road  110 
miles  from  Temosachic.  The  Chihuahua 
&  Northwestern  Railway  Company  is 
pushing  rapidly  its  railroad  connections 
between  Madera  and  Casas  Grandes  and 
expects  to  have  the  connecting  link   fin- 


ished by  the  end  of  this  year.  This  will 
make  a  direct  line  of  railroad  from  El 
Paso  to  Temosachic,  and  in  consequence 
the  logging  road  from  Temosachic  to 
Ocampo  will  become  an  important  artery 
of  traffic. 

.About  200  Men  Employed  - 

During  the  period  covered  by  this  re- 
port the  average  monthly  working  force 
has  been  about  170  men,  all  Mexican  ex- 
cept 17  or  18  Americans.  The  company's 
relations  with  the  officials  of  the  State 
and  with  the  municipal  authorities  have 
been  most  pleasant.  The  company  has 
had  their  cooperation  in  reopening  the 
Ocampo  camp  and  starting  the  new  era 
of  mining  operation  in  that  vicinity. 

The  results  of  the  eight  months'  work 
have  been  all  that  could  be  expected.  All 
of  the  work  has  been  done  systematical- 
ly and  economically.  Development  work 
from  now  on  will  proceed  fairly  rapidly 
in  ground  where  the  chances  are  de- 
cidedly good  for  opening  up  new  ore.  The 
company  has  no  indebtedness  other  than 
the  current  month's  labor  and  supply 
bills. 

Assets  and  Liabilities 

The  tangible  current  assets  shown  by 
the  company's  statement  are:  Advances 
to  the  Sierra  Mining  Company  for  de- 
velopment work,  SI 36,749;  cash  on  hand, 
S338,646;  bills  and  accounts  receivable, 
$131,629;  investment  accounts,  $45,000; 
liabilities,  none;  assets  of  $652,224  in 
excess  of  liabilities. 

Manage.ment 

Joseph  B.  Cotton,  of  Duluth,  is  presi- 
dent; Richard  M.  Atwater,  Jr.,  is  vice- 
president  and  general  manager;  Robert 
Linton  is  general  superintendent.  Among 
the  directors  are  Thomas  F.  Cole,  of 
Duluth,  and  James  H.  Kirk  and  Dr.  L.  D. 
Ricketts,  of  Cananea,  Mexico. 


Mount  Morgan  Gold    Mining 
Company,   Ltd. 

The  total  revenue  of  the  Mount  Mor- 
gan Gold  Mining  Company,  Ltd.,  of 
Queensland,  for  the  year  ended  May  31, 
1910,  was  £1,079,914.  Of  this  amount, 
the  gold  returns  from  the  sulphide  and 
oxidized  ores  were  £292,842,  and  copper 
sales  amounted  to  £786,559.  Against  this 
income  the  total  expenditure  of  £721,- 
722  must  be  charged,  leaving  net  profits 
for  the  year  of  £358,191.  Three  dividends 
amounting  to  £150,000  were  paid. 

From  the  397,228  tons  of  ore  treated, 
7062  tons  of  fine  copper  and  178,867  oz. 
of  gold  were  recovered.  The  copper  con- 
tents of  the  ore  smelted,  which  comprised 
about  55  per  cent,  of  the  total  ore  treated, 
averaged  2.98  per  nsnt.,  while  the  ore 
treated  by  the  wet  process  contained  0.40? 
per  cent,  of  copper.  The  gold  content  of 
the   ore   smelted    was   9.93   dwt.,   of    the 


leached   ores  9.19  dwt.,   and   of  the  oxi« 
dized  gold  ore  4.64  dwt.  per  ton. 

Barren  Flux  to  Be  Replaced  by  Basic 
Ore  from  Many  Peaks  Mine 

In  the  smelting  operation  the  percent- 
age of  barren  flux  used  in  producing  one 
ton  of  blister  copper  was  75  and  of  coke, 
9.3  per  cent.  But  this  high  percentage  of 
barren  flux  will  be  greatly  reduced  upon 
the  completion  in  July.  1910,  of  the  Boyne 
Valley  Railway  to  Many  Peaks  mine, 
when  regular  shipments  of  basic  ore 
will  be  made  to  the  smeltery.  The  nec- 
essary enlargements  at  the  reduction 
works  to  handle  this  increased  tonnage  of 
ore  and  resulting  sulphur  fumes,  matte 
and  slag  were  to  be  finished  in  July  last. 

During  the  year  an  additional  air  com- 
pressor was  installed  to  provide  for  the 
increased  demand  for  air  at  the  mine.  It 
is  intended  to  maintain  a  six-months  coke 
reserve;  the  coal  strike  in  New  South 
Wales  had  entirely  depleted  the  9000 
tons  on  hand  before  the  strike. 

Mine  Operations 

In  the  opencut  the  oxidized  ore  is  about 
exhausted,  so  that  continuation  of  this 
work  as  well  as  the  development  under- 
ground is  now  entirely  in  sulphides.  Sat- 
isfactory conditions  exist  underground  in 
the  protection  of  the  workings  against 
creeps,  and  in  the  progress  of  the  meas- 
ures taken  to  insure  an  efficient  system 
of  ventilation.  To  this  end  an  upcast 
shaft  is  being  sunk  at  the  northwestern 
end  of  the  workings  to  connect  all  the 
levels. 

The  development  for  the  year  com- 
prised 7761  ft.  of  drifting  and  1276  ft. 
of  sinking  and  raising.  In  the  Many 
Peaks  mine  sufficient  work  has  been  done 
in  driving  tunnels,  drifts  and  other  open- 
ings to  insure  an  ample  supply  of  ore 
for  the  smeltery  upon  completion  of  the 
railway.  Already  20.000  tons  await  ship 
ment  to  Mount  Morgan. 


Suit  against  Butte  &  Ballaklava 

The  .■\naconda  Mining  Company  has 
brought  suit  at  Butte,  Mont.,  against  the 
Butte  &  Ballaklava  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany, asking  $1,800,000  damages  and  as- 
serting that  ore  of  that  value  had  been  , 
taken  from  its  property  through  the  work- 
ings  of  the  Ballaklava.  Its  complaint, 
which  states  seven  causes  of  action,  re- 
lates to  the  Mountain  Chief  and  Right 
Rower  claims.  The  plantiff  desires  to  be 
judged  the  owmer  of  the  Mountain  Chief 
and  Right  Bower  lode  claims.  A  tem- 
porary restraining  order  has  been  issued 
stopping  al  work  on  the  disputed  veins 


Ore  from  the  Calera  mine,  Mexico,  is 
being  smelted  in  bond  at  Bartlesville. 
Okla.,  and  the  resulting  spelter  exported 
to  Canada. 


August  27,  1910. 


;he  engineering  and  mining  journal 


407 


Oil  Shale  Deposits,  Blue  Mountains,  N.  S.  W. 

Shale    Similar     to     the    Scotland    Deposits;    Easily    Mined    by    Long 
Wall   System.      Low  Specific  Gravity  Indicative  of  High  Grade  Shale 


B      Y 


H 


L. 


J 


N 


The  oil  shale  of  Blue  mountains,  Aus- 
tralia, is  closely  allied  to  the  Boghead  coal 
or  Torbanehill  mineral  of  Scotland.  In 
Scotland  its  geological  position  is  at  the 
base  of  the  upper  coal  measures,  and  in 
Australia  the  oil  shale  is  found  in  the 
Permo-Carbonifernus  measures  underly- 
ing the  Hawkesbury  sandstones.  The 
gorges  of  the  Blue  mountains  expose  out- 
crops of  the  shale  measures  in  many 
places.  Its  origin  may  be  accounted  for 
by  the  accumulation  of  spores  or  seeds, 
and  seed  cases  from  plant  life  growing 
in  the  neighborhood  of  swamps,  the  shals 
being  formed  in   lagoons  or  depressions 


from    the    working    places    to    the    main 
haulage  for  conveyance  to  the  surface. 

The  working  faces  are  known  as 
"bords"  and  are  13  yd.  from  center  to 
center,  the  shale  varying  in  thickness 
from  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  6  in.  Fig.  1  shows  a 
section  of  the  shale  seam  as  exposed  in 
workings  at  Torbane.  Two  men  usually 
work  together  at  a  "bord,"  and  are  paid 
at  the  rate  of  5s.  per  ton  for  a  24-in. 
seam,  and  3s.  6d.  for  a  45-in.  seam  and 
over,  and  proportional  rates  for  seams  of 
intermediate  thickness.  When  miners  are 
tm.ployed  on  shift  work  they  receive  lis. 
per  eight-hour    day.      What    is    locally 


2  4 


Sandstone  Roof. 
Carbonaceous 
Shale  Brushing. 

Clay  Koling. 


Kerosene  Shale. 


Splint. 


Top  Bottoms. 


20 


7 
lO" 

J-i! 

"sV" 


Sandstone  Roof. 


Carbonaceous 
Brushing. 


White  Clay 

Holing.                 „^H-  , 
Per  cent. 
Shale 49.9 

Shale 56.8 

Shale 59.2 

Shale 52.0 

Splint 3S.0 

Top  Bottoms.        1      23  2 
Bottom  Bottoms.  I 


3  C'V  ToUl 
Bottom  Bottoms.       FlC.  2 


Note:- 

V.H.  =Volatile  Hydrocarbons. 


8   A 


1    C 


11    D 


Fig.  1 

Sections  through  Oil  Shale  Deposits  of  B 


ii :::;:; stone  Roof. 

Stony  Coal. 

Coarse  Shale. 

C!ay  Shale. 

White  Clay 
Holing. 

Shale 

V.H. 
Per  cent 

40.6 

Shale.    _ 

.    -57.5 

Shale 

70.0 

Shale 

63.5 

Splinty  Shale. 


.43.8 


Shale 68.1 

Bottoms. 54.1 


Tlie  B'igiiu«rtng  }  Mining  ./-.urnaJ 

LUE  Mountains,  N.  S.  W. 


of  Permo-Carboniferous  times.  Fossil 
life  is  fairly  abundant  in  the  lower  por- 
tions of  the  shale  measures. 

System  of  Working 

The  deposits  are  worked  by  the  long- 
wall  system.  In  opening  up  the  seam,  a 
tunnel  or  adit  is  driven  on  the  mountain 
side,  where  the  seam  is  found  usually 
lying  comparatively  flat.  The  adit  is 
driven  ahead  in  the  seam,  and  is  after- 
ward used  as  a  main  haulage  lunnel 
through  which  the  whole  of  the  output  is 
drawn,  this  being  usually  accomplished 
by  a  system  of  endless-rope  haulage. 

Roadways  are  driven  from  the  main 
haulage  tunnel,  and  through  these  the 
shale  is  drawn    by    wheelers    or    ponies 

•r.r..l;cn    Hill.   N.  S.   \V. 


known  as  a  "cavil"  is  drawn  quarterly, 
and  is  simply  a  ballot  for  places  so  that 
the  personnel  of  the  working  faces 
changes  four  times  a  year. 

Mining  without  Explosives 
The  actual  mining  of  the  shale  is,  in 
nearly  every  case,  accomplished  without 
the  use  of  explosives.  The  miners  sim- 
ply pick  out  the  clay  holing  (Pig.  I), 
and  as  this  removes  the  enormous  pres- 
sure of  the  superincumbent  overlying 
Hawkesbury  series,  the  shale  either  flies 
out  or  splits  up  into  sections  which  are 
easily  removed.  As  a  protection  to  the 
miners,  a  stout  piece  of  bark  is  used, 
from  behind  which  they  work.  As  the 
shale  is  extracted  props  are  erected  at 
the  working  faces,  to  support  the  roof. 
The    workings    are     well     ventilated     by 


means  of  air  shafts  and  blowers,  and  ars 
quite  free  from  poisonous  and  explosive 
gases. 

SajMPling  the  Deposits 

The  following  methods  were  used  by 
me  during  the  recent  examination  of  sev- 
eral large  shale  properties  in  the  Blue 
mountains:  On  entering  a  shale  mine 
with  a  view  of  sampling  the  deposit,  I 
have  found  an  acetylene-gas  lamp  of 
gieat  value.  The  necessary  outfit  con- 
sists of  a  tomahawk,  rule,  tape,  piece  of 
chalk,  pocket  knife,  prismatic  compass 
notebook,  pencil  and  plan  of  the  work- 
ings. 

For  the  accurate  sampling  of  these  de- 
posits a  special  method  must  be  resorted 
to.  Having  fixed  the  starting  point,  the 
shale  is  carefully  measured  at  the  face, 
the  thickness  and  number  of  the  "bord" 
noted.  A  chalk  line  is  then  drawn  ver- 
tically across  the  face,  and  the  block  of 
shale  removed.  If  the  shale  happens  to 
part,  the  pieces  are  fitted  together,  num- 
bered and  placed  on  a  car  or  skip  and 
sent  to  the  surface.  After  a  number  of 
samples  have  been  procured  in  this  way, 
they  are  removed  to  daylight  and  placed 
in  a  row  ready   for  examination. 

Samples  are  taken  along  the  working 
faces  from  every  "bord,"  but  in  other 
parts  of  the  workings  the  distances  be- 
tween samples  vary  considerably,  depend- 
ing chiefly  on  the  tonnage  that  exists  be- 
hind the  exposed  faces,  and  the  variation 
iii  the  quality  of  the  shale. 

Classification  of  Australian  Shale 

The  shale  in  Australia  is  divided  into 
two  classes:  (I)  Export  or  gas  shale  and 
(2)  oil  or  retort  mineral.  The  next  step 
is  to  classify  the  shale  in  each  block, 
under  these  two  heads. 

The  gas  shale,  which  is  chiefly  ex- 
ported and  used  for  the  enrichment  of 
ordinary  illuminating  coal  gas.  must  con- 
tain 60  per  cent,  of  volatile  hydrocar- 
bons. Any  shale  below  this  standard  is 
classed  as  retort  mineral,  from  which 
crude  oil  is  produced  on  the  spot  and 
subsequently    refined. 

By  means  of  mineralogical  tests  in  con- 
nection with  the  physical  prop..rties  of 
the  shale  an  experienced  man  can  esti- 
mate  closely   the   value   of  the   shale. 

Variation   in   Quality  op  Shale 

The  shale  varies  in  quality,  not  only 
in  the  horizontal  direction,  but  more  so 
throughout  its  thickness  vertically.  Fig. 
2  shows  a  section  of  the  shale  seam  in 


408 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


one  part  of  a  mine,  and  Fig.  3  a  section 
in  another  part  of  the  same  mine.  These 
sections  will  explain  the  uselessness  cf 
taking  one  sample  over  the  full  width, 
which  would  simply  give  the  ai erase 
value  and  fail  to  distinguish  between 
the  different  qualities  of  shale  in  the 
seam.  This  irregularity  in  the  quality 
of  the  shale  necessitates  a  great  deal  of 
labor,  and  many  more  samples  and  as- 
says than   would   otherwise   be   required. 

Characteristics  of  Shale 

The  main  factors  in  the  preliminary 
examination  are,  in  their  order  of  im- 
portance: Specific  gravity,  streak,  fracture 
and  luster.  Specific  gravity  varies  ac- 
cording to  the  quality  of  the  shale,  the 
lower  the  specific  gravity  the  better  the 
shale.     It  ranges  from    1.08  to    1.5. 

Splint,  which  in  Australia  is  classed 
as  retort  mineral,  yielding  about  50  gal. 
of  crude  oil  per  ton,  has  a  much  higher 
specific  gravity  than  true  shales. 

SI'IOriFIC  GRAVITY  TABLE. 


True    Shales. 

.Splint   and   Spllnty 
Shales. 

.Sp.  Cir. 

Vol.  Hyd., 
Percent. 

Sp.  Gr. 

Vol.  H.vrt., 
Percent. 

1.080 
1.118 
1.146 
1.181 
1.208 
1.229 

77.5 
70.9 
67.7 
64.8 
59.9 
56.9 

1.359 
1.367 
1.370 
1.406 
1.417 
1.496 

47.0 
42.5 
38  6 
.•!7 . 6 
34  3 
32.0 

Streak — The  streak  is  produced  by  run- 
ning a  cut  vertically  over  the  surface  of 
the  shale.  The  color  of  the  shale  ex- 
posed in  the  cut  varies  from  almost 
white  in  the  higher  grades  to  dark  brown 
in   the   inferior  qualities. 

Fracture — The  fracture  varies  from 
perfect  conchoidal  in  the  good  qualities 
to  semi-conchoidal  and  splintery  in  the 
.inferior  shales.  Splint  has  no  fracture, 
and  in  addition  is  easily  distinguished 
from  shale  by  its  high  specific  gravity, 
black  color  and  black  earthy  streak. 

Luster — The  luster  varies  from  highly 
silky  in  the  good  qualities  to  dull  in  the 
inferior  ones. 

Determination  of  Samples 

Having  carefully  marked  off  the  differ- 
ent sections  on  each  block  in  accordance 
with  the  physical  tests,  each  section  is 
marked  in  alphabetical  order  commencing 
at  the  top.  See  Figs.  2  and  3.  Now, 
with  a  sharp  tomahawk  the  block  is 
split  through  at  each  line,  and  each  sec- 
tion is  then  split  down  vertically  for 
the  full  width,  which  constitutes  the 
sample.  The  smallest  sample  should 
weigh  at  least  one  pound.  The  samples 
can  then  be  placed  in  bags  or  powder 
boxes  ready  for  conveyance  to  the  labora- 
tory for  further  treatment. 

The  shale,  after  having  been  removed 
from  the  mine,  is  found  to  have  increased 
in  thickness,  which  is  mainly  due  to  the 


relieving  of  the  pressure  to  which  it  was 
formerly  subjected.  This  expansion  must 
be  allowed  for  in  marking  and  cutting 
the  sections.  The  subsequent  treatment 
of  the  samples  in  the  laboratory  does  not 
come  within  the  scope  of  this  article. 
The  three  constituents,  which  it  is  neces. 
sary  to  determine,  are  the  volatile  hydro- 
carbons, gallons  of  crude  oil  per  ton  of 
shale  and  the  percentage  of  nitrogen,  up- 
on which  the  ammonia  and  the  am- 
monium sulphate  are  dependent. 

Ratio   of   Oil   to    Hydrocarbons 

The  percentage  of  volatile  hydrocar- 
bons in  the  shale  forms  a  good  guide 
as  to  the  relative  value  of  the  shale,  with 
respect  to  the  gallons  of  crude  oil  per  ton 
of  shale  that  can  be  obtained  by  destruc- 
tive distillation.  I  have  found  in  con- 
nection with  retorting  tests  in  the  labnrf- 
tory  that  a  useful  ratio  can  be  established 
between  these  two  products,  namely,  that 
doubling  the  percentage  of  volatile  hy- 
drocarbons gives  approximately  the  gal- 
lons of  crude  oil  per  ton  of  shale. 
Thus  60  per  cent,  volatile  hydrocarbons 
gives  approximately  120  gal.  of  crude 
oil.  This  ratio,  however,  depends  en- 
tirely on  the  quality  of  the  shale,  and 
decreases  proportionately  with  the  in- 
crease of  coaly  matter.  With  splint  and 
splinty  shales  there  is  no  such  ratio,  this 
being  usually  mixed  with  more  or  less 
coaly  matter,  the  gallons  of  crude  oil 
being  far  below  that  required  by  the 
ratio. 


The  Assay  of  Lead  in  Tailings 
and  Slags 


By  Evans  W.  Buskett* 


The  following  method  is  especially 
adapted  to  the  determination  of  lead  in 
tailings,  slags  and  other  lead  products 
where  the  amount  of  metal  present  does 
not  exceed  5  per  cent. 

The  standard  solution  is  prepared  by 
dissolving  14.19  grams  of  chemically 
pure  ferrous  ammonium  sulphate  in  one 
liter  of  water.  About  10  c.c.  of  sulphuric 
acid  and  a  strip  of  aluminum  are  added 
to  prevent  oxidation.  One  c.c.  of  this 
solution  is  equivalent  to  0.0025  grams  of 
lead.  As  an  indicator,  use  a  solution  of 
potassium  ferricyanide,  made  by  dis- 
solving a  piece  of  the  salt,  the  size  of  a 
pea,  in  25  c.c.  of  water.  A  green  color 
is  the  end  point. 

The  solution  used  to  precipitate  the 
lead  is  made  by  adding  to  a  saturated  so- 
lution of  potassium  bichromate  just 
enough  ammonia  to  produce  a  yellow 
color.  The  hydrochloric  acid  used  in  dis- 
solving the  lead  chromate  from  the  filter 
paper  is  made  up  of  one  part  acid  to 
three  of  water. 

•Mptnllurm-Ical    enKlnoer.    .loplln,    Mo. 


The  ammonium  acetate  solution  is  made 
up  of  ammonia,  150  c.c;  glacial  acetic 
acid,  250  c.c;  water,  600  c.c.  To  standard- 
ize the  solution,  100  mg.  of  lead  are  dis- 
solved in  25  c.c.  of  ammonium  acetate 
solution  and  the  lead  precipitated  by  add- 
ing 10  c.c.  of  potassium  bichromate  so- 
lution. Boil  and  filter.  Wash  thorough- 
ly with  boiling  water  and  dissolve  the 
precipitate  through  the  filter  with  cold 
dilute  hydrochloric  acid.  Fill  the  filter 
with  cold  water  and  allow  to  drain.  Ti- 
trate the  filtrate  with  ferrous  ammonium 
sulphate. 

Details  of  the  Assay 

Weigh  one  gram  of  ore  into  a  casser- 
ole and  add  10  c.c.  of  nitric  acid.  Cover 
with  a  watch  glass  and  boil.  Evaporate 
until  there  is  no  moisture  on  the  watch 
glass.  Cool  and  add  25  c.c.  of  the  am- 
monium acetate  solution,  boil  and  filter. 
Wash  once  with  hot  water  and  allow  to 
drain. 

Precipitate  the  lead  in  the  filtrate  with 
potassium  bichromate  solution,  boil  and 
filter.  Wash  at  least  three  times  with 
boiling  water  and  dissolve  the  precipi- 
tate through  the  filter  paper  with  cold  di- 
lute hydrochloric  acid.  Fill  the  funnel 
with  cold  water  and  allow  to  drain.  Ti- 
trate cold.  When  one  gram  is  taken,  di- 
vide the  reading  of  the  burrette  by  four. 

Adaptation   to  Zinc   Ore 

A  modification  of  this  method,  espe- 
cially adapted  to  small  quantities  of  lead 
in  zinc  ores,  is  as  follows:  Use  five 
grams  of  ore,  if  the  ore  contains  less 
than  I  per  cent,  lead,  and  smaller 
quantities  as  the  percentage  of  lead  in- 
creases. Place  in  a  casserole,  add  10  c.c. 
of  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  and  10  c.c. 
nitric  acid.  Evaporate  to  white  fumes, 
cool,  and  add  water;  boil  and  filter.  Al- 
low to  cool  before  filtering.  Wash  with 
dilute  sulphuric  acid,  then  with  cold 
water.  Place  the  filter  paper  and  con- 
tents in  the  casserole,  add  10  c.c.  of  am- 
monia and  an  excess  of  acetic  acid;  boil 
and  filter  into  a  No.  3  beaker  and  wash 
all    lead    acetate    through    the    filter. 

To  the  filtrate  add  10  c.c.  of  a  satur- 
ated solution  of  potassium  bichromate; 
boil  five  minutes  and  filter.  Wash  thoi- 
oughly  with  boiling  water.  Place  the  fil- 
ter containing  the  lead  chromate  in  a 
beaker  and  add  50  c.c.  of  a  10-per  cent, 
solution  of  hydrochloric  acid.  When  all 
of  the  lead  chromate  is  dissolved,  add 
100  c.c.  of  manganese  sulphate  solution, 
then  an  excess  of  the  standard  solution 
of  ferro-ammonium  sulphate;  dilute  to 
500  c.c.  and  titrate  with  a  standard  solu- 
tion of  potassium  permanganate.  One 
equivalent  of  iron  is  equal  to  1.23  of 
lead. 


The  Standard  Oil  Company  has  oom- 
pleted  its  pipe  line,  about  2000  miles  long, 
connecting  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and 
Bayonne,  N.  J.,  via  Oklahoma. 


August  27,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


409 


Cyaniding  at  the  North  Star  Mines  in  California 

Mill  Tailings  and  Concentrates  Cyanided.      Sands  and  Slimes  Treated 
Separately.      Use  Oliver  Continuous  Filter.      High   ELxtraction  Claimed 

B~^i^        JOHN      T  Y  S  S  O  W  S  K  r== 


The  ore  from  the  famous  North  Star 
mines  at  Grass  Valley,  Cal.,  is  treated  in 
two  mills,  the  North  Star  mill  being  near 
the  collar  of  the  original  incline  and 
treating  ore  from  above  the  3000  level, 
while  the  Central  mill  is  adjacent  to  the 
vertical  shaft  and  treats  ore  from  the 
3000  to  the  5400  level.  Each  mill  com- 
prises 40  stamps  with  concentrators,  and  a 
cyanide  plant,  though  the  concentrates 
are  all  treated  at  the  Central  cyanide 
plant.  The  ore  is  crushed  in  rock  break- 
ers of  the  Blake  type  before  going  to  the 
stamps.  In  the  Central  mill  the  two  rock 
breakers  are  driven  by  a  water  wheel 
supplied  with  water  under  a  600-ft.  head 
and  using  a  5s-in.  nozzle,  the  spent  wa- 


tained.  The  25-mesh  screens  (19  holes 
per  inch)  are  needle  punched  according 
to  the  ideas  of  A.  D.  Foote,  superin- 
tendent of  the  North  Star  mine.  The 
special  feature  of  these  screens  is  that 
unpunched  bands  are  left  every  inch  to 
stiffen  them,  so  that  no  reinforcing  bars 
are  needed  and  the  splitting  of  the  screen 
is  overcome.  Screens  are  4  ft.  by  9  in. 
and  made  of  thin  sheet  steel.  They  last 
about  21  to  25  days  while  ordinary 
needle-punched  screens  average  only 
seven  days. 

Amalgamation 

Inside  amalgamation   is  practised   and 
twn-thirds    nf    the     amalgam     is     caught 


Central  Cyanide  Plant,  North  Star  Mines  Company 


ter  being  used  in  the  mill.  A  20-h.p., 
SOO-volt  direct-current  motor  is  belted  to 
the  water  wheel  and  acts  as  a  governor 
and  generates  electricity  for  lighting,  etc. 
When  water  pressure  is  low,  or  extra 
large  rock  is  being  broken,  the  motor  as- 
sists the  water  wheel  and  keeps  the  speed 
constant.  When  rock  breakers  are  idle 
or  running  light,  the  motor  acts  as  a 
dynamo  and  generates  power  which  is 
transmitted  to  the  same  lirie  from  which 
it  derives  power  when  acting  as  motor. 
At  night  a  saving  of  20  h.p.  is  thus  ef- 
fected. 

The  stamps  weigh  1050  lb.  and  are 
dropped  8  in.,  96  times  per  minute.  Mor- 
tars are  equipped  with  adjustable  chuck 
blocks   and   a    10-in.   discharge    is   main- 

•Mlnlns  onijlneer.  i(Ill(iilal  staff,  Kng.  .vnd 
MiN.   .Tihhn. 


either  on  chuck  blocks  or  in  the  battery, 
one-third  outside  on  the  plates.  The 
plates  are  brushed  every  12  hours  and 
cleaned  every  two  weeks.  It  is  the  cus- 
tom at  the  mills  to  run  the  high-grade 
rock,  collected 'by  the  specimen  bosses, 
at  the  end  of  the  montii  just  before 
clean-up.  When  running  this  high-grade 
rock  a  larger  percentage  of  amalgam  is 
caught  inside  the  mortars  than  is  usual. 

In  cleaning  up,  all  the  dies  are  taken 
out  of  the  mortars.  The  amalgam  plates 
are  3'..xl8  ft.  and  are  rolled  U-shaped 
so  that  there  is  a  narrow  projecting  edge 
to  go  over  the  frame  on  either  side. 
Thus  corners  in  which  amalgam  will  ac- 
cumulate are  eliminated.  In  the  Central 
mill  the  plate  frames  are  cast  iron  and 
sloped  the  same  as  the  floor  upon  which 
they  are  set.     The  battery  ore  bins  and 


mortar   blocks   in    this    mill    are   built   of 
concrete. 

Steel  Battery  Frames  in  Central  Mill 

In  the  Central  mill  the  battery  frame 
is  entirely  constructed  of  steel.  One  of 
the  interior  views  shows  the  steel  battery 
frames,  the  concrete  bins  and  mortar 
blocks  and  the  construction  of  the  amal- 
gam plates  and  frames  upon  which  they 
rest.  Within  a  week  after  the  mill  was 
started,  the  head  was  sheared  off  of  every 
rivet  in  the  frames.  The  rivets  were  re- 
placed by  bolts  with  Columbia  lock-nuts 
which  have  proved  entirely  satisfactory 
and  seldom  need  replacing  or  tightening. 
After  over  five  years  of  uninterrupted 
running,  the  steel  frame  is  in  splendid 
condition,  and  maintenance  has  been  far 
less  than  with  wood  frame.  The  anchor 
bolts  on  tiie  mortars  have  never  been 
tightened  since  the  mil!  started  and  no 
ri'.bber  cushion  was  used   under  mortars. 

Buddle  Concentrators 

The  mills  are  each  equipped  with  nine 
Dodd  buddies.  These  machines  do  not 
make  a  clean  concentrate.  In  the  North 
Star  plant  middlings  are  elevated  by  an 
air  lift  to  the  last  buddle.  In  the  Cen- 
tral a  spiral  pump  on  each  buddle  ele- 
vates the  middlings. 

Summary  of  Stamp  Mill  Operations 

A  stamp  duty  of  3.3  tons  is  maintained 
though  on  clean  quartz  a  duty  of  over 
4.5  tons  is  possible.  From  8  to  10  tons  of 
water  are  consumed  in  the  mill  per  ton 
of  ore  treated,  the  total  consumption  be- 
ing 250  gal.  per  min.  The  mill  extraction 
is  86  per  cent.,  80  per  cent,  from  amal- 
gamating and  6  per  cent,  in  concentrates. 
The  sulphurets  usually  assay  from  2  to 
2I.;  oz.  in  gold  and  2  oz.  in  silver.  Mill 
heads  average  about  $14,  although  the 
rock  as  milled  contains  about  60  per 
cent,  waste.  This  "waste"  is  not  waste 
in  the  strict  sense  of  the  word,  but  is 
principally  what  is  locally  called  "forma- 
tion," being  more  or  less  silicified  wall 
rock.  The  ore  is  quartz  containing  much 
free  gold,  the  country  rock  being  diabase, 
and  some  granodiorite. 

Sulphurets  Cyanided  with  Slimes 

The  concentrates  which,  as  stated,  are 
rather  sandy,  all  go  to  the  Central 
cyanide  plant  for  treatment.  They  are 
reground  in  a  tube  mill  and  join  the 
separated  slimes  for  cyanidation. 

The  pulp  from  the  mill  passes  by 
gravity    to    the    cyanide    plant    where     a 


410 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


roughing  cone,  and  three  4- ft.,  hy- 
draulic, Merrill,  cone  classifiers  separate 
the  slimes  and  sands.  At  the  Central  mill 
the  sands  constitute  about  60  per  cent,  of 
the  total  feed  and  at  the  North  Star  about 
55  per  cent.  Sands  go  to  si.x,  23.\8-ft. 
tanks,  the  charge  for  each  of  which  is 
110  tons;  a  Butters  &  Mein  distributer 
is  used  in  these  tanks. 

The  cyanide  solution  is  built  up  to  0.1 
per  cent,  strength  in  the  sump,  the  tanks 
being  drained  almost  dry.  10  to  12  per 
cent,  moisture,  before  the  addition  of  any 
solution.  This  draining  takss  about  six 
hours.  One-half  barrel  of  slacked  lime 
is  dumped  on  each  tank  before  percola- 
tion commences.  Lime  is  also  added, 
after  classification,  to  the  overflow  from 
the  classifiers  for  assisting  the  settlement 
of  the  slimes.  The  overflow  from  the 
slime  settlers  is  pumped  to  a  reservoir 
which  holds  500,000  gal.  and  is  used  for 
sluicing   tanks    and    for   classifying.      By 


ter  is  used.  The  tanks  are  then 
sluiced  out  with  an  automatic  sluicer 
resembling  a  Butters  &  Mein  distributor 
with  stuffing  box  in  place  of  hopper  so 
as  to  admit  water  under  pressure.  All 
solution  testing  above  0.03  per  cent,  cya- 
nide goes  to  the  strong-solution  gold  tank, 
5x14  ft.,  and  thence  to  the  Merrill  filter 
presses  after  zinc  dust  has  been  added. 

Zinc  Dust  Fed  Mechanically 

The  precipitate  presses  run  most  of  the 
time  on  the  weak  solution  (0.06  per 
cent,  cyanide),  the  strong  solution  being 
put  through  only  once  a  shift,  as  the  pre- 
cipitation is  more  active  on  this  class  of 
material  and  only  about  30  tons  per  day 
has  to  be  precipitated.  No  zinc  dust  is 
added  while  precipitating  the  strong  so- 
lution. The  zinc-dust  feeder  is  connected 
to  the  filter-press  pump  by  a  belt  and  the 
speed  reduced  from  22,500  to  1  by  two 
ratchets  having   150  teeth.     The  speed  of 


says  less  than  2c.  per  ton,  the  strong  from 
5c.  to  20c.  when  no  fresh  zinc  is  added. 
The  filter-press  product  at  the  North  Star 
plant  is  worth  about  S20  to  S25  per  lb.; 
that  produced  at  the  Central  is  of  some- 
what higher  grade,  as  the  pulp  treated 
is  richer.  The  precipitate  is  cleaned  out 
of  presses  into  iron-lined  boxes,  fluxed 
and  put  in  paper  bags,  being  melted 
while  still  wet  and  without  acid  treat- 
ment. In  this  way  the  precipitate  has 
a  minimum  of  handling  and  mechanical 
losses  are  slight.  The  bullion  produced 
is  about  660  fine  gold  300,  and  silver 
280. 

Treat.ment  of  Slimes 

Milk  of  lime  is  added  to  the  slimes 
overflow  from  the  classifying  cones,  the 
pulp  then  passing  to  six  conical  settles, 
14  ft.  in  diameter.  The  bottoms  on  these 
settlers  are  60  deg.  They  overflow  over 
the  rims,  the  water  being  pumped  by  a 


Battery  Floor,  Central  Mill,  Showing  Steel  Fra.mes, 
Concrete  Mortar  Blocks  and  Bins 


Oliver  Filters  and  Merrill  Precipitate  Presses 
in   Central  Cyanide   Plant 


using  this  reservoir  water  which  con- 
tains 0.02  per  cent.  lime  for  classifying, 
the  sands  are  given  an  alkaline  wash 
previous  to  leaching,  without  cost  or  loss 
of  lime.  The  lime  is  slacked  in  a  box  and 
ground  in  a  small  grinding  pan  driven  by 
a  worm  gear  connected  to  a  water  wheel. 
The  total  consumption  of  lime  is  about 
four  pounds  per  ton  of  ore  treated,  most 
of  the  lime  being  used  for  settling  the 
slimes. 

Sand  Treatment  Requires  150  Hours 

Each  sand  tank  gets  30  tons  of  0.1 
per  cent,  solution,  the  effluent  valve  being 
kept  open  until  the  solution  tests  0.06  per 
cent,  cyanide  (usually  for  about  six 
hours),  then  closed  and  the  tank  allowed 
to  soak  for  about  24  hours;  100  to  120 
tons  unprecipitated  solution  from  the 
slime  filters  are  then  added  in  20-ton 
batches,  each  batch  being  allowed  to 
drain.  After  this  from  ()0  to  80  tons  of 
precipitated  barren  solution  are  run  on 
and  allowed  to  percolate.     No  wash  wa- 


the  belt  from  which  the  zinc  dust  is  fed 
is  thus  regulated  at  7  ft.,  the  length  of 
belt,  in  24  hours  and  the  pump  is  run 
continuously.  This  is  done  instead  of  hav- 
ing the  belts  connected  to  floats  in  the 
tanks  and  pumping  alternately  from  each 
tank,  thus  making  the  process  more  auto- 
matic and  continuous  and  requiring  fewer 
tanks. 

At  the  North  Star  cyanide  plant  a 
plunger  pump  is  belted  to  a  water  wheel 
and  a  butterfly  valve  on  the  water  line, 
is  connected  to  a  float  in  the  gold  tank. 
The  hight  of  the  solution  in  the  tank  thus 
regulates  the  speed  of  the  pump  by  con- 
trolling the  water  wheel.  In  the  Central 
mill  the  pump  is  belted  to  the  line  shaft 
and  capacity  is  regulated  by  throttling  the 
suction  of  one  cylinder.  The  press  is 
thus  run  continuously. 

About  800  to  900  lb.  of  zinc  dust  are 
fed  per  month  in  each  of  the  two  mills. 
The  consumption  of  zinc  per  ton  of  ore 
treated  is  '^  lb.  The  weak  solution,  af- 
ter passing  through   the  filter  press,  as- 


4-in,  turbine  pump  to  the  large  reservoir 
previously  mentioned.  This  water,  which 
contains  0.02  per  cent,  lime,  is  used  for 
sluicing  and  classifying.  The  spigot  ma- 
terial from  the  settlers  goes  through  a 
4-in.  pipe  to  the  slime  stock  tank,  10x10- 
ft.  in  size.  Every  hour  a  charge  is  let 
out  of  one  settler  into  the  stock  tank, 
from  which  it  is  pumped  to  each  of  the 
agitators  which  are  in  series.  As  drawn 
out,  the  slimes  usually  run  about  1.25 
sp.gr.,  sometimes,  however,  attaining  a 
maximum   gravity  of   1.30. 

Air    Agitation    For    Slimes 

The  slimes  are  agitated  in  the  stock  tank 
with  air.  Lump  cyanide  is  added  in  a 
wire  basket  until  the  strength  is  brought 
up  to  0.035  per  cent.,  additional  solu- 
tion being  added  to  reduce  the  specific 
gravity  to  1.15  to  1.18.  (If  1.30,  the  ex- 
traction is  poor  and  erratic,  usually  rang- 
ing under  80  per  cent.  Owing  to  the 
great  amount  of  impalpable  slimes  pro- 
duced from  the  quantity  of  waste  milled, 


i 


August  27,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


411 


difficulty  is  also  experienced  in  getting 
the  cyanide  to  dissolve  in  a  pulp  of  high 
specific  gravity.!  Pulp  from  stock  tank 
is  pumped  to  agitators  by  an  air  lift,  a 
float  in  the  agitator  regulating  the  flow 
by  controlling  the  air  to  the  lift. 

There  are  three  agitators,  8  ft.  in  di- 
ameter, with  16- ft.  sides  and  60-deg. 
cone  bottoms.  These  have  been  in  use 
since  the  summer  of  1903.  They  are 
of  the  type  which  is  called  the  Brown 
or  Pachuca,  although  in  use  at  the  North 
Star  before  any  in  Mexico.  Each  has  an 
8-in.  central  pipe  at  the  bottom  of  which 
air  under  15-lb.  pressure  is  turned  from  a 
!.-in.  pipe  reduced  to  Ys  in.  at  the 
nozzle.  A  splash  board  is  placed  above 
the  central  pipe  to  deflect  and  spread  the 
rising  column  of  pulp.  The  agitator? 
are  connected  by  an  8-in.  pipe  at  a  point 
about  half  way  down  their  sides  and  'he 
third  agitator  is  also  connected  to  a  sim- 


nected  to  an  automatic  valve  by  two 
oipes,  one  for  suction  and  the  other  for 
compressed  air.  The  surface  of  the  drum 
is  covered  with  a  specially  prepared  fil- 
ter medium,  then  with  a  thickness  of 
light  canvas  and  is  finally  wrapped  w-ith 
hard  steel  wire.  A  steel  scraper  assists 
in  removing  the  slime  cake  after  filtra- 
tion is  completed.  The  operation  of  the 
scraper  is  shown  in  another  view.  The 
filter  drums  are  10  ft.  in  diameter  and 
have  a  7-ft,  face. 

.'^t  the  North  Star  cyanide  plant  a  wet 
outside-packed,  two-cylinder,  plunger 
pump,  capable  of  producing  a  vacuum  of 
25  in.  of  mercury,  is  used  for  handling 
the  solution  from  the  filters,  while  the 
vacuum  is  maintained  by  a  water  ejector. 
At  the  Central  plant,  besides  the  wet 
vacuum  pump,  an  8x7-in.  Rix  rotary  valve 
vacuum  pump  is  used  to  produce  a  23- 
in.  vacuum.    A  suction  of  about  22  to  25 


Oliver  Filter,  Showing  Removal  of  Caked  Slimp  ry  Water  Jets  and  Scraper 


liar  tank  acting  as  a  reseivoir  for  four 
or  five  hours'  supply;  no  agitation  is 
done  in  this  latter  tank. 

Oliver  Continuous  Filter  Used 

After  agitation,  the  slimes  are  treated 
by  the  Oliver  continuous  filter,  which  is 
the  invention  of  Edwin  Letts  Oliver,  until 
June  1,  1910,  metallurgical  engineer  for 
the  North  Star  Mines  Company.  The  fil- 
ter drum  revolves  once  every  5' <■  min. 
in  a  rectangular  wood  tank,  in  which  the 
slimes  are  kept  at  a  constant  level  by 
an  automatic  float  valve.  A  hollow  trun- 
nion passes  through  the  filter  drum, 
which  is  built  of  wooden  staves  mounted 
on  cast-iron  spiders.  An  accompanying 
illustration  shows  the  two  Oliver  filters 
the  Merrill  precipitate  presses  in  the 
Central  cvanidc  plant. 

The  cylindrical  drum  is  divided  into  24 
compartments,  each  one  of  which  is  con- 


in.  of  mercury  is  used  on  the  filters,  on 
which  a  slimes  cake  ;4  in.  thick  is 
formed,  adhering  to  the  submerged  por- 
tions of  the  cylinders  as  they  rotate  in 
the  tank. 

The  slime  cake  on  the  filter  dnmi  is 
washed  by  jets  of  water  from  spray  pipes 
to  remove  traces  of  gold-  and  silver- 
bearing  solution.  As  the  cylinder  rotates, 
at  the  section  opposite  the  scraper  the 
vacuum  is  temporarily  shut  off  automat- 
ically and  at  the  same  time  compresse-^ 
air  at  10-lb.  pressure  is  admitted.  This 
causes  the  coating  of  slime  to  detach 
from  the  section  and  slide  down  the 
scraper,  from  which  it  is  removed  h\ 
spray  water,  as  shown  in  the  illustration. 
The  slime  cake  contains  only  about  30 
per  cent,  moisture.  The  cake  leaves  the 
canvas  entirely  clean  and  hears  the  im- 
print of  the  canvas  and  wires  on  its  under 
side.     To  operate  a  100-ton  slime  plant, 


including  the  power  consumed  in  operat- 
ing filters,  pumps  and  compressors,  only 
little  over  10  h.p.  is  require! 

Results  Obtained 

The  North  Star  and  Central  filters  ha, - 
a  capacity  of  40  to  50  tons  each  and  are 
treating  a  sticky,  clayey  slime  that  '3 
quite  free  from  sand.  As  stated,  the  oie 
treated  contains  60  jer  cent,  waste, 
which  makes  a  great  amount  of  impal- 
pable slime.  It  is  estimated  that  the  to- 
tal slime  treatment  at  the  North  Star 
costs  35c.  per  ton,  including  cyanide, 
supplies,  power  and  .abor.  The  total 
maintenance  for  eight  months,  the  aver- 
agf  life  of  a  filter  cloth,  is  about  S22.50 
for  10,000  tons  filtered  or  0.2c.  per  ton 
filtered. 

A  90-per  cent,  extraction  is  attained  in 
the  North  Star  company  s  cyanide  opera- 
tions The  cyanide  consumption  is  only 
0.5  to  0.6  lb.  per  ton;  that  of  lime,  4 
lb.;  lead  acetate  is  only  used  when  so- 
lutions become  foul  from  treating  old 
sultrhurets  'n  the  igit.itors. 

Operations  at  tne  North  Star  are  con- 
ducted according  to  uptodate  engineering 
Stai.aards.  The  mine  has  been  worked 
since  1851.  and  for  a  niimber  of  years 
has  ranked  as  the  largest  gold  producer 
in  California.  At  the  date  of  this  writ- 
ing the  company  has  paid  in  dividends 
52,152,139,  since  its  reorganization  :•■ 
1899;  total  dividends  since  1884.  S2,686,- 
989.  The  total  production  credited  to  tne 
North  Star  is  SI  1,250,000.  The  company 
generates  its  own  hydroelectric  power 
and  the  equipment  at  the  mine  includes 
complete  machine  shops  where  even  ma- 
chine drills  and  electric  locomotives  are 
built. 

A  competent  technical  staff  is  main- 
tained, a  targe  proportion  of  the  engi- 
neers being  university  'nen.  A.  D.  Foote 
is  general  manager  of  the  North  *5tar 
Mining  Coi.:panv,  A.  B.  Foote,  ass-'stanr 
manager;  and  ui.til  recently  R.  L.  Oliver, 
was  inecaliurgiit,  and  R.  k".  Treinerfux, 
assayer.  At  tne  Nortn  Star  mill  Edward 
Richards  is  mill  foreman  and  G.  B. 
Schwartz  foreman  of  the  cyanide  plant. 
Frank  P'ovis  is  foreman  for  the  Central 
mill  and  R.  Gordon  Walker,  cyanide 
foreman. 


Silicious  Rock  for  Converter  Linings 

The  metallurgists  at  the  Steptoe  smelt- 
ing plant  in  Nevada  have  found  a 
local  rock  carrying  silica  in  the  right 
proportions  to  form  a  satisfactory  con- 
verter lining  Up  to  the  present  time, 
experiments  had  been  made  with  rock 
from  Virions  portions  of  the  Rorjinson 
disfnc  but  no  entirely  suitable  mater- 
ial had  been  found  and  the  company 
shipped  in  most  of  its  converter  lining 
from  Dillon,  Mont.  The  rock  is  hauled 
nbout  12  miles  from  a  point  on  Duck  creek. 


412 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


Placer  Mining  Operations  in  Alaska  in  1909 

Production  from  Placers  $16,322,000;  Fairbanks  Most  Prosperous  Camp; 
Rush     to    Innoko;     Increased    Activity    in    Dredging    Operations 


BY 


ALFRED 


H 


BROOKS* 


^ 


The  placer-gold  production  of  Alaska 
for  1909  is  estimated  at  $16,322,000,  as 
compared  with  515,888,000  in  1908.  This 
increase  must  be  credited  in  great  part 
to  districts  of  the  Yukon  basin,  nearly  all 
of  which  had  a  larger  production  in  1909 
than  in  1908.  On  the  other  hand,  the  dry 
weather  led  to  a  marked  falling  off  in 
the  placer-gold  output  in  some  other  dis- 
tricts. The  operations  in  placer  mining 
are  treated  under  the  heads  of  the  various 
geographical   divisions   of  the   country. 

Activity  in   Dredging 

Perhaps  the  most  significant  fact  of  the 
year's  operations  is  the  continued  activity 
in  installing  dredging  enterprises.  Five 
dredges  were  operated  in  Seward  penin- 
sula throughout  the  open  season,  and  six 
more  were  completed  in  time  to  do  some 
work,  making  eleven  dredges,  small  and 
large,  which  were  in  use  during  1909.  The 
results  of  these  enterprises  have  en- 
couraged many  to  take  up  this  form  of 
mining,  and  plans  for  several  more 
dredges  have  been  made.  Three  dredges 
were  operated  in  the  Fortymile  district. 
Plans  were  also  formulated  for  dredges 
at  Fairbanks.  Some  examinations  have 
been  made  for  a  dredge  on  Kenai  penin- 
sula. 

Creditable  Cost  Records  Attained 

The  results  of  the  dredging  operations 
at  Dawson  are  of  interest  to  the  Alaska 
mines,  as  they  indicate  something  of  the 
cost  of  large  enterprises  in  the  Yukon 
basin.  The  annual  report  of  the  Yukon 
Gold  Company'  contains  interesting  data 
on  Alaskan  dredging  operations  as  fol- 
lows: 

The  seven  dredges  the  last  of  which 
was  completed  late  in  1908,  started  as 
early  as  power  was  available.  The  last 
dredge  began  operation  on  June  9,  1909. 
The  dredging  season  for  six  out  of  the 
seven  dredges  was  132' 1.  days  as  against 
a  normal  season  of  140  days.  The  dredges 
during  the  season  handled  2,381,880 
cu.yd.  and  produced  $1,363,722  worth 
of  gold.  The  value  per  cubic  yard 
was  57.24c.  and  the  cost  31.94c. 
per  cubic  yard.  This  cost  includes  all 
thawing  charges — amounting  to  15.45c. 
per  yard — preliminary  stripping  opera- 
tions, and  depreciation  at  the  rate  of 
S2000  per  month  per  dredge.     As  an  ex- 


•GcoIoKlst.  In  flmrup  nf  Alaskan  mlnornl 
resources.  \Vaslilnt;tnn.  I>.  (', 

NiiTK — rCxcei'pts  finm  an  nrllele  In  lltiU. 
442-A.    r.    S.   Oeol.    Surv. 

•Knc.  and  M  n.  .Toiirn.,  Mai-.  1!l,  inin. 
pp.  G02-603. 


ample  of  what  may  be  expected  in  ground 
entirely  thawed,  the  No.  1  dredge  handled 
in  the  month  of  August,  100,217  cu.yd. 
at  a  cost  of  9.28c.  per  cubic  yard.  The 
actual  value  per  cubic  yard  of  material 
handled  exceeded  the  estimated  value 
based  on  examination  results  by  16.8  per 
cent.  The  dredges  operated  83.5  per  cent, 
of  the  possible  running  time. 

Only    Unfrozen    Ground    Dredged   on 
Seward  Peninsula 

Less  definite  data  are  available  regard- 
ing the  cc?t  of  dredging  in  other  parts  of 
this  northern  field.  On  Seward  peninsula 
only  unfrozen  ground  has  been  dredged, 
the  cost  per  cubic  yard,  including  over- 
head charges,  being  placed  at  18c.  In  a 
region  where  fuel  is  so  expensive  as  in 
Seward  peninsula  (coal  costs  S20  per 
ton)  it  is  not  likely  that  mining  men  will 
be  encouraged  to  attempt  the  thawing  of 
ground  for  dredging.  In  parts  of  the 
Yukon  basin,  with  a  fair  supply  of  wood 
and  an  abundance  of  lignitic  coal,  it 
seems  economically  possible  to  dredge 
frozen  ground.  Gravels  which  run  less 
than,  say.  $2  per  yard  cannot  be  mined 
under  present  conditions,  while  such 
value  would  be  regarded  as  extraordi- 
narily high  in  dredging  ground. 

I — Pacific  Coast  Region 

The  placers  of  the  Pacific  coast  region, 
including  not  only  the  seaboard  but  also 
the  drainage  basins  tributary  to  it,  includ- 
ing the  Copper  and  Susitna,  are  estimated 
to  have  had  in  1909  an  output  valued  at 
$490,000,  as  compared  with  $450,000  in 
1908.  In  southeastern  Alaska  placer 
mining  was  carried  on  in  the  Porcupine 
district  and  on  Gold  creek  in  the  Juneau 
district.  In  the  former  district  the  Porcu- 
pine Gold  Mining  Company  completed  a 
bed-rock  flume  nearly  2000  ft.  long,  and 
installed  a  trolley  lift  with  buckets  of 
2'/<  cu.ft.  capacity  and  with  automatic 
dump.  The  plant  installed  provides  for 
the  piping  of  the  gravels  into  the  buck- 
ets at  bed  rock  and  lifting  them  to  a 
hopper  that  discharges  into  the  sluice 
boxes.  This  plant  was  not  finally  com- 
pleted until  late  in  the  season,  but  was 
then  operated.  Some  smaller  operations 
also  were  carried   on   In   the  district. 

As  in  previous  years  there  was  more 
or  less  beach  mining  along  the  Pacific 
shore  between  Yakutat  and  Unga  island. 
This  is  all  done  by  men  working  with 
rockers  or  small  string  boxes.  The  re- 
covery of  gold  is  in  manv  places  de- 
pendent on   weather  conditions,    for  the 


operations  are  most  profitable  after  a 
heavy  surf  has  concentrated  the  gold  in 
the  surface  layer  of  sand.  The  most  im- 
portant center  for  this  form  of  mining  is 
at  Yakataga,  near  Controller  bay.  The 
entire  production  of  the  Pacific  seaboard 
is  probably  not  over  $25,000  in  value. 

Activity  on   Chisna-Copper   River 
Region 

The  Copper  River  region  includes  two 
placer  districts.  The  Nizina  district  is  in 
the  upper  Chitina.  The  Chistochina  dis- 
trict, sometimes  known'  as  the  Chisna,  is 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  Copper  basin. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  inaccessible  of  the 
Alaska  placer  camps,  being  reached  now 
only  by  trail  from  Valdez,  a  distance  of 
about  250  miles.  Winter  freight  rates 
have  been  about  $500  per  ton,  but  the 
construction  of  the  wagon  road  to  Fair- 
banks, the  route  of  which  passes  within  ; 
25  miles  of  the  camp  has  already  brought 
freight  rates  down  to  S300  per  (on.  The  ' 
building  of  the  Copper  River  &  North- 
western Railway  will  avoid  the  cost  and 
delays  of  hauling  freight  over  the  Valdez 
summit. 

It  is  reported  that  24  claims  were 
worked  in  this  district  by  about  100  men 
in  1909,  and  the  total  production  is  esti- 
mated to  have  a  value  of  $112,000.  Con- 
siderable prospecting  of  bench  claims  on 
the  low-er  Chisna  was  carried  on.  Some 
work  was  also  done  on  a  ditch  to  bring 
water  to  these  bench  claims  and  on  a 
tunnel  intended  to  tap  an  old  channel  on 
Daisy  creek.  As  in  previous  years,  most 
of  the  gold  was  taken  from  Slate  and 
Miller  creeks. 

Output  fro.m  Sunrise  and  Cook  Inlet 
Districts  Small 

The  placers  of  the  northern  part  of 
Kenai  peninsula  included  in  the  Sunrise 
district  are  being  worked,  but  the  gold 
output  is  small.  Bear,  Resurrection  and 
Canon  creeks  are  the  largest  producers. 
This  district  is  rendered  easily  accessible  ' 
by  the  Alaska  Northern  Railway,  supple- 
mented by  a  wagon  road  which  has  been 
built  by  the  road  commission  from  Trail 
lake  to  Sunrise  and  Hope.  In  view  of 
these  facilities,  mining  costs  should  be 
low.  A  number  of  plans  are  being  con- 
sidered for  the  installation  of  hydraulic 
and  dredging  plants.  Because  of  the  pres- 
ence of  large  glacial  boulders  in  many  of 
the  gravels,  the  hydraulic  method  would 
appear  to  commend  itself  more  than 
drcdr.ing  and  it  would  seem  desirable  that 
careful  prospecting  with  a  drill  be  done 


i 


August  21.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


413 


to  determine  the  character  of  the  ma- 
terial before  a  dredge  is  installed.  So 
far  as  known  the  only  prospecting  in  the 
Cook  inlet  region  during  1909  was  that 
done  on  Beluga  river.  Operations  con- 
sisted in  prospecting  for  dredging  ground. 
This  is  one  of  the  fields  where  large 
glacial  boulders  are  likely  to  be  found  in 
the  alluvium. 

Yentna  Basin  Most  Prosperous  of 
Sus:tna  District 

The  Susitna  basin  can  be  divided  geo- 
graphically into  three  districts;  Willow 
creek,  Yentna  and  Valdez  creek.  The 
lode   deposits   of   Willow   creek   are    the 


from  Valdez.  Its  isolation  has  made  min- 
ing costs  very  high.  Winter  freight  rates 
are  S(500  to  S700  per  ton,  while  the  cost 
of  transportation  by  pack  horse  in  sum- 
mer, either  from  the  mouth  of  Indian 
creek,  which  can  be  reached  by  boat  up 
the  Susitna,  or  from  Gulkana,  on  the 
Copper,  is  $2000  a  ton.  In  1909  about 
100  men  were  working  in  this  district  on 
about  10  claims,  and  the  gold  output  has 
a  value  between  .S50,000  and  .S75,000.  The 
gravels  are  thawed,  which  increases  the 
cost  of  mining. 

The  Yentna  basin  is  the  most  pros- 
perous of  the  Susitna  districts.  Winter 
freight  rates  from  Susitna  river  are  about 


of  a  century  ago.  The  estimated  value 
of  the  gold  output  is  $11,580,000,  as 
compared  with  $10,323,000  in  1908.  The 
gold  output  of  the  Klondike,  in  Canada, 
which  had  rapidly  declined  in  the  last  few 
years,  also  showed  a  decided  increase  in 
1909.  While  practically  all  the  Alaska- 
Yukon  camps  made  an  increased  produc- 
tion in  1909  as  compared  with  the  pre- 
vious year,  those  of  the  Tanana  valley 
were  the  most  prosperous.  The  various 
districts  tributary  to  the  lower  Tanana  are 
estimated  to  have  produced  gold  to  the 
value  of  over  $10,150,000.  Of  this,  Fair- 
banks made  an  output  estimated  at  $9,- 
650,000,  as  compared  with  $9,200,000  in 


nr  iinirfNfrHny  ^  .Vfninp  jMinidl 


Map  of  Alaska 


center  of  interest  to  the  miners  and  pros- 
pectors. There  was  also  some  placer 
mining,  notably  on  Grubstake  gulch, 
where  the  hydraulic  plant  of  the  Klondike 
Boston  Mining  Company  is  situated.  The 
water  supply,  which  is  reported  to  have 
been  abnormally  low,  is  said  to  have  per- 
mitted the  plant  to  run  for  only  47  days 
during  the  season.  One  giant  is  said  to 
have  been  used.  Some  prospecting  was 
done  on  Metal  creek,  a  tributary  of  Knik 
river.  The  results  are  said  to  have  been 
encouraging  and  plans  for  further  de- 
velopment have  been  made. 

Valdez  creek  is  a  tributary  of  the  upper 
Susitna,  being  about   160  miles  by   trail 


$200  a  ton.  There  were  between  120  and 
150  miners  in  this  district  in  1909,  and 
the  gold  output  is  valued  at  $100,000  to 
$120,000.  The  productive  placers  occur 
in  two  districts.  One  includes  Cache  and 
Peters  creeks  and  their  tributaries  and 
the  other  includes  Wagner  creek  and 
some  other  tributaries  of  Lake  creek. 
There  is  much  auriferous  gravel  in  which 
the  values  are  too  low  to  permit  profitable 
exploitation  by  hand  methods. 

II^YuKON  Basin 

The  .Maska-Yukon  placer  districts  had 
in  1909  the  most  profitable  season  since 
mining  first  began  there,  nearly  a  quarter 


1908.  The  general  prosperity  is  also 
indicated  by  the  value  of  the  mer- 
chandise shipped  to  the  Tanana  val- 
ley from  the  United  States,  which  was 
.'>2,637,476  during  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1909,  as  compared  with  a 
total  of  $2,040,628  for  the  previous  fiscal 
year. 

Fairbanks  at  Its  Zenith 

In  spite  of  this  evident  prosperity,  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  the  time  is  rapidly 
approaching  when  the  gold  production  of 
the  l-airbanks  district  will  decline  unless 
some  radical  changes  are  made  in  mining 
methods.     So  far  as  present  methods  of 


414 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


exploitation  are  concerned,  many  of  the 
richest  creeks  are  nearly  worked  out. 
Little  appears  to  have  been  accomplished 
in  the  matter  of  preparing  to  mine  the 
gravels  of  lower  gold  tenor,  though  some 
plans  for  dredges  are  under  way.  Mean- 
while, much  enterprise  has  been  turned 
toward  the  search  for  auriferous  veins, 
which  should  yield  results  assuring 
permanency  to  the  camp.  A  lode-mini:  g 
industry,  however,  is  not  likely  to  devebp 
fast  enough  to  make  up  for  the  decreased 
production  of  the  placers.  The  Fairbanks 
miners  could  well  follow  the  lead  of  those 
of  the  Fortymile  district,  where  three 
large  plants  are  holding  up  the  gold  out- 
put in  spite  of  the  decrease  in  small  op- 
erations. 

The    Haiditarod    excitement    has    hurt 
the      Fairbanks      district      by      drawing 
away  some  of  the  most  enterprising  op- 
erators and  also  a  large  percentage  of  its 
mine   labor.     This  may  lead  to  a   falling 
off  of  the  gold  output  in  1910.     Probably 
the  most  important  feature  of  the  year's 
mining  industry  in  the  Yukon  is  the  gen- 
eral drift  to  the  Innoko  region,  for  there 
is  in  every  camp  a  large  class  of  restless 
prospectors  who  are  ready  for  a  venture 
in  a  new   field.     The   continued   increase 
in    gold    production    of    the    Koyukuk    is 
worthy  of  note,  though  the  high  costs  of 
operating  have  prevented  a  firoportionate- 
ly  prosperous  community.    The  continued 
success  of  the  dredges  in  the   Fortymile 
district  has  already  been  mentioned. 

Development  in  Outlying  Districts 
Considerable   more   work   was  done   in 
the  Bonnifield  district  in  1909  than  in  any 
previous   year.     This   work   in   part   con- 
sisted   of    mining,    but    more    important 
were  the   steps  taken  to  install  a   large 
hydraulic  plant  on  Gold  King  creek,  where 
there  is  said  to  be  a  large  body  of  low- 
grade  auriferous  gravels.     A  winter  sled 
road  was  cut  through   from   Fairbanks,  a 
distance  of  about  40  miles,  and  consider- 
able work  accomplished  in  installation  of 
the  plant.     There  is  reported  to  be  ample 
water  for  a  hydraulic  plant.     Gold  King, 
Grubstake  and  Piatt  creeks  are  the  chief 
gold  producers  of  the  district.     The  total 
gold  output  in  1909  is  estimated  to  have 
had  a  value  of  over  $50,000. 

There  appears  to  have  been  little  mining 
in  the  Kantishna  district  during  1909.  In 
the  Gold  Hill  district  during  1909  there 
was  renewed  activity.  Productive  mining 
appears  to  have  been  confined  to  Mason 
and  Grant  creeks,  but  good  prospects 
were  also  reported  on  other  streams.  In 
the  fall  of  1909  twelve  claims  were  being 
opened  on  Grant  creek.  Placer  gold  has 
long  been  known  to  occur  in  this  district, 
but  it  has  never  been  carefully  pros- 
pected. 

Rush  to  the  Innoko  District 
A   new   movement   of   population    into 


the  Innoko  district^  was  brought  about  by 
the    discovery   of   gold    placers   on   Otter 
creek,  a  northerly  tributary  of  Haiditarod 
river,  which  drains  the  southern  part  of 
the  field.     Thousands  of  prospectors  and 
miners  fiocked  into  this  field  during  1909 
from  all  parts  of  Alaska  as  well  as  from 
points  outside  of  the  Territory.  The  move- 
ment promises  to  become  one  of  the  im- 
portant ones  in  the  history  of  Alaska.    To 
judge    from    the   best    information    avail- 
able, the   discovery  on  Otter  creek  does 
not,  in  point  of  either  value  or  extent  of 
deposits,  warrant  this  large  influx  of  pros- 
pectors.   At  the  same  time  it  also  appears 
to   be    true    that   auriferous   gravels   are 
distributed  over  a  considerable  area  and 
that  gold  in  quantities  sufficient  for  profit- 
able exploitation  has  been   found  in  sev- 
eral   widely    separated    localities.      It    is 
probably   safe   to   say  that  although   the 
district  may  not  be  able  to  support  the  ex- 
tensive   population    it    has    recently    ac- 
quired, yet  it  certainly  offers  a  promising 
field  for  the  prospector. 

Transportation  F.\cilities  Poor 


^Mnildivn.  A.  (i..  "The  Innoko  (JnUl-plnroi- 
Dl«t."<t  Alaska."  Hull.  V:  S.  Geol.  Surv.  No. 
410.   liilO.   pp.    81-83. 


High  freight  rates,  absence  of  trails, 
and  lack  of  established  centers  of  dis- 
tribution continue  to  make  the  cost  of 
mining  and  prospecting  very  high.  Travel 
in  summer  is  chiefly  by  steamer  and  small 
boat  up  the  Innoko  from  the  Yukon. 
Winter  travel  is  from  Kaltag  on  the 
Yukon,  but  some  have  made  the  long  trip 
from  Cook  inlet  through  the  Alaska  range 
at  Rainy  pass,  a  distance  of  about  325 
miles.  The  Kuskokwim  route  has  been 
little  used,  chiefly  because  the  mouth  of 
the  river  is  uncharted. 

It  is  reported  that  the  discovery  on 
Otter  creek  consisted  in  finding  a  bed  of 
gravel  4  ft.  thick  and  50  to  60  ft.  wide 
which  carried  7  to  10c.  to  the  pan.  The 
gold  is  said  to  be  fairly  fine,  of  a  uni- 
form size,  and  evenly  distributed.  Most 
of  the  gold  in  1909  was  taken  from 
Gaines  and  Ophir  creeks.  The  value  of 
the  aggregate  output  of  the  year  is  un- 
known but  is  variously  estimated  at  S300.- 
000  to  8400,000;  that  of  the  1908  output 
was  less  than  SIOO.OOO. 

Ill — Kuskokwim  Basin 
The  movement  of  prospectors  brought 
about    first    by    the    discovery    of    the 
Kantishna   and   later  by  that  of  the   In- 
noko has  led  to  considerable  prospecting 
in   the   Kuskokwim  basin.     Though   both 
placer  and  lode  gold  have  been  reported 
from  many  localities,  so  far  as  known  the 
only    productive     mining    has    been    on 
Tuluksak  river,  a  tributary  of  the  lower 
Kuskokwim.     A    few   claims  in   this  dis- 
trict were  operated  in  1908,  and  it  is  re- 
ported that  about  20  men  were  at  work 
on   this  creek   in    1909.     Good   prospects 
are    also    reported    on    the    Takotna,    a 
tributary  of  the  Kuskokwim.  which  heads 
against  the  Innoko.     In   1908  some  good 
prospects  were  found  on  tributaries  of  the 
Hartman  river,  which  forms  a  part  of  the 


drainage  of  the  south  fork  of  the  Kuskok- 
wim. It  was  estimated  that  the  deposits 
would  yield  S8  per  day  to  the  man,  a 
recovery  which,  in  view  of  the  isolation 
of  the  region,  hardly  justified  operations. 
If  a  trail  were  built  from  Knik  to  the 
Innoko,  it  would  pass  through  this  dis- 
trict. 

IV — Northwestern    Alaska 
Northwestern   Alaska,   as   the   term   is 
here   used,  embraces  the   placers  of  the 
Norton    Bay    region,    Seward    peninsula, 
and  the  Kobuk  basin.    With  the  exception 
of  operations  on  a  few  productive  claims 
on  Bonanza  creek    (Norton  bay)    and  on 
some   in   the   Kobuk   valley,   all   the   gold 
mining    of    northwestern    Alaska    is   con- 
fined   to    Seward    peninsula.      Productive 
mining  on  the  peninsula  received  a  set- 
back in  1909  as  compared  with   1908  but 
considerable  dead  work  was  accomplished 
preparatory  to  the  installation  of  dredges. 
In    the    development    of    dredging    enter- 
prises   the    Seward    peninsula    operators 
have  made  more  progress  than  those  in 
any   other   part   of   Alaska,   and   notably 
so  in  1909.  The  installation  of  the  dredges 
now  planned  will  make  12  or  15  in  all   for 
this  region.     It  is  not  to  be  expected  that 
such  a  dry  season  as  that  of  1909  will 
recur  for  several  years,  but  the  records 
for    four   years    indicate    that   low-water 
conditions    are    normal    and    high-water 
conditions  abnormal,  and  that  the  meth- 
ods of  mining  will  have  to  be  adjusted 
to  this  fact. 

The  Kobuk  valley  continues  to  sup- 
port a  small  placer-mining  population. 
In  1909  claims  were  worked  by  16  men, 
with  a  total  value  of  output  of  about  S16,- 
000.  Dahl  creek  was  the  largest  producer 
and  Shingnek  creek  second;  some  gold 
was  taken  out  of  Riley  creek.  The  sluic- 
ing season  in  1909  was  very  short,  as 
there  was  no  water  after  the  first  of 
August,  a  fact  which  materially  reduced 
the  production. 


Transbaikal  Copper 

A  correspondent  of  the   Mining  Jour- 
nal in  Transbaikalia,  Russia,  writing  on 
the  mineral  resources  of  that  area,  says: 
In  various  parts  of  the  Yenissei  and  Ir- 
kutsk governments,  and  also  in  the  prov- 
ince   of   Transbaikal,   many    deposits   of 
copper  ore  that  have  been  discovered  lead 
to  the  belief  that  they  can  be  commer- 
cially exploited.    Such  deposits  have  been 
long  known  to  exist  in  the  Minusinsk  dis- 
trict.    At  present  there  is  only  one  cop- 
per-smelting works  there.     But  there  are 
many  unclaimed  deposits,  and  the  indus- 
try is   only   in   its    infancy.     Copper  de- 
posits have  also  been  found  in  the  Niz- 
hendinsk  district  on  the  River  Uda,  and 
also    in    Irkutsk,   on   the    River   Bukson, 
which  falls  into  the  River  Oka.    Such  de- 
posits are  also  to  be  found  on  the  River 
Chilka   in   the   province   of  Transbaikal; 
all  are  awaiting  capital. 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


415 


Fume  Filtration  for  Production  of  Pure  Spelter 

Inert  Medium  in  Filter  Separates  Heavier  Vapors  from  Zinc.     Galvan- 
izers'    By-products  and   Broken  Hill   Concentrates  Treated    Successfully 

BY     JOHN     S.     G.     PRIMROSE* 


The  theory  of  fume  filtration  depends 
upon  the  fact  that  if  mixed  vapors  of 
different  densities  be  retarded  in  their 
rate  of  flow  by  passing  through  an  inert 
medium,  the  heavier  will  be  sufficiently 
reiarded  to  effect  a  more  or  less  complete 
stparation  from  the  lighter,  which  passes 
on  in  an  almost  pure  condition.  The  or- 
iginal idea  of  the  fume  filtration  process 
was  to  detain  the  intermingled  impurities 
by  some  chemical  reaction,  so  that  they 
would  combine  with  a  body  which  had 
no  affinity  for  the  chief  constituent  of  the 
fume. 

Reactions  in  Fume  Filtration 

About  ten  years  ago  a  patent  was  tak- 
en out  on  these  lines  to  effect  the  separa- 
tion of  lead  and  other  metals  from  the 
vapor  issuing  from  the  retorts  of  the 
zinc-distilling  furnace  by  passing  it 
through  a  tube  of  hot  carbon  before  con- 
densing the  zinc.  In  trying  to  substan- 
tiate the  claim  that  chemical  action  really 
look  place  in  the  filter  tube,  it  was  con- 
clusively proved  that  this  was  not  the 
case,  but  rather  that  the  action  was  pure- 
ly mechanical  since  by  the  employment 
of  almost  any  refractory  material  of  con- 
venient size,  quite  as  good  if  not  better 
results  were  obtained. 

.Although  lead  is  only  completely  va- 
porized at  a  temperature  of  1560  deg.  C, 
yet  it  is  sensibly  volatile  much  below 
this  point,  especially  in  the  presence  of 
excess  of  a  more  readily  volatile  metal 
such  as  zinc,  which  boils  at  930  deg.  C. 
Thus  the  lead  seems  to  pass  out  of  the 
retort,  mechanically  carried  forward  by 
the  zinc  in  a  state  of  gaseous  alloy  or 
solution.  The  repeated  impingement  on 
the  surface  of  the  refractory  material  in 
the  filter  (which  is  much  below  the  boil- 
ing point  temperature  of  lead)  apparent- 
ly dissociates  the  alloy,  leaving  the  lead 
behind  chiefiy  in  the  metallic  condition, 
owing  to  the  reducing  atmosphere  which 
prevails. 

Perfecting  the  Process 

Theoretically,  the  process  is  exceeding- 
ly simple,  but  in  the  working  out,  more 
especially  with  very  impure  material, 
there  are  several  difficulties  to  overcome. 
This  has  been  accomplished  by  the 
Brand's  Pure  Spelter  Company,  which 
started  in  the  spring  of  1908  to  carry 
out  refining  operations  at  its  works  in 
Irvine.  This  ancient  Scotch  burgh  stands 
on    the    eastern    shore    of    the    Firth    of 

•I.ooturer  on  Ronpral  metnlliirffy,  Glasgow 
Technlcnl    ToHpsp,    Olassow.    Rcotliind. 


Clyde,  about  .30  miles  southwest  of  Glas- 
gow. It  is  situated  on  the  sand  dunes 
and  offers  splendid  facilities  for  the  nu- 
merous factories  and  works.  It  is  well 
served  with  railway  conveniences  and 
possesses  a  harbor  recently  much  im- 
proved by  the  port  authorities  in  con- 
junction with  the  Nobel-Dynamite  Trust, 
the  Ardeer  factory  of  which  is  situated 
on  the  Garnock  water,  a  tributary  of  the 
river  Irvine. 

Siemens-Belgian  Three-tier  Furnaces 
The  two  furnaces  at  present  completed 
are  of  the  three-tier  Siemens-Belgian,  or 
double  reversible  regenerative  type,  con- 
structed similarly  to  that  shown  in  Fig. 
1.  On  each  side  they  have  five  bays 
holding  24  pots  in  the  Rhenish  fashion, 
which  gives  240  retorts  per  furnace,  and 


VU  J-'ngX^ttriitf  }  .Vining  Journal 

Fir,.  1.  Three-tier  Siemens-Belgian 
Furnace 

these  muffles  are  each  capable  of  hold- 
ing a  5ti-lb.  charge.  The  general  side 
view  in  Fig.  3  shows  No.  2  furnace  at 
work  with  tb,;  condensers  and  nozzles  in 
position.  Both  condensers  and  retorts  are 
made  at  the  works  by  hand  from  Stour- 
bridge clay.  The  retorts,  elliptical  in 
cross  section,  are  12  in.  high  by  9  in. 
wide  and  50  in.  long. 

The  construction  of  the  reversing 
valves  allows  alternating  passage  of  the 
gas  and  air  into  the  two  regenerators  on 
the  one  side,  as  well  as  throwing  over 
the  flow  from  one  side  of  the  partition 
wall  to  the  other.  A  2-ft.  flue  runs  the 
full  length  of  the  furnaces  under  each 
regenerator,  so  that  the  gas  or  air  enters 
the  chambers  by  the  five  ports  at  equal 
pressure,  no  matter  whether  it  is  at  the 
end  farthest  from  supply  or  at  the  near 
end.  Ascending  by  converging  ducts 
from     the     crown     of    the     regenerator 


arches,  the  air  and  gas  meet  and  mix  in 
a  "blind"  or  combustion  chamber  at  the 
level  of  the  working  floor,  and  easily  ac- 
cessible from  the  front  of  the  furnace. 
Thence  the  flame  passes  to  the  retorts 
through  slits  four  inches  wide,  left  be- 
tween the   floor  bricks  of  the   furnace. 

The  central  partition  wall,  when  it 
reaches  the  furnace  proper,  is  perforated 
at  intervals  with  vertical  slits  to  permit 
the  passage  of  the  flame  below  as  well 
as  upon  the  top  of  the  retorts  on  the 
down-flow  side.  Fig.  2  shows  this  in  the 
interior  view  of  the  furnace.  The 
seven  producers  at  present  installed  are 
of  the  open-  or  bar-bottom  type  and 
require  comparatively  little  attention  to 
yield  all  the  gas  needed.  One  is  kept  in 
reserve. 

Treatment  of  Ashes,  Dross  and  Hards 

In  view  of  the  large  amount  of  impure 
zinc  cheaply  procured  from  galvanizers 
in  the  form  of  ashes,  dross  and  hards, 
the  furnaces,  as  slightly  modified,  were 
originally  started  on  the  refining  of  these 
materials.  They  are  often  so  impure  as 
to  contain  from  8  to  10  per  cent,  of 
iron  and  from  5  to  8  per  cent,  of 
lead,  the  zinc  content  ranging  from  60 
per  cent,  upward. 

It  is  a  good  testimonial  to  the  efficien- 
cy of  the  process  that  from  this  raw 
material,  spelter  of  the  highest  grade  is 
regularly  produced.  Thus,  ashes  con- 
taining 75  to  80  per  cent,  of  zinc  yield 
a  first  and  second  tapping  of  spelter 
99.7  per  cent,  pure;  dross,  with  from  85 
to  90  per  cent,  zinc,  a  spelter  of  99.8 
per  cent,  purity;  while  the  hards,  con- 
taining from  90  to  94  per  cent,  of  zinc 
frequently  yield  99.8  per  cent,  spelter. 
The  grade  is  chiefly  dependent  on  the 
purity  of  the  dross,  since  with  finely 
granulated  material  of  85  per  cent,  zinc 
content  and  about  5  per  cent,  of  lead,  the 
first  tappings  lately  have  been  found  to 
assay  99.92  per  cent,  of  zinc  in  the  spel- 
ter. Although  the  ashes  treated  are  fre- 
quently mixed  with  flue  dust  and  scrap- 
ings, the  charge  is  dense  and  requires  a 
comparatively  large  proportion  of  coke  to 
open  it  up.  From  30  to  35  per  cent, 
by  weight  of  "breeze"  (coke-oven  rid- 
dlings,  which  pass  through  a  J^-in. 
mesh)  is  used. 

On  an  average  about  six  tons  of  dross 
can  be  treated  daily  per  furnace,  and 
the  practice,  so  far,  includes  several 
weeks  in  which  slightly  over  thirty  tons 
of  spelter  were  produced  from  No.  1 
furnace. 


416 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


The  Manoeuver 

The  work  is  carried  out  as  in  ordinary 
smelter  practice.  Starting  witii  the  morn- 
ing shift  at  six,  the  spent  residues  are 
raked  out  into  the  chutes  to  the  tunnel, 
and  the  fresh  charge  is  put  in  by  hand- 
shoveling  before  ten  o'clock.  By  grad- 
ually and  uniformly  raising  the  tempera- 
ture from  about  850  deg.  C.  to  the  full 
heat  of  over  1100  deg.  C,  the  distilla- 
tion proceeds  rapidly,  so  that  about  25 
per  cent,  of  the  yield  is  secured  in  the 
first  tapping  shortly  after  four  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon.  The  second  tap  follows 
about  eight  at  night;  the  third  immediate- 
ly after  midnight,  and  the  final  scrap- 
ings are  collected  a  little  before  six- 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  the  night 
shift  changes.  In  spite  of  the  utmost 
precautions  in  lining  the  ladles  and  coat- 
ing the  scrapers,  etc.,  there  is  always  a 
trace  of  iron  present  in  the  spelter.  But 
even    when    cast    direct    from    the    hand 


a  moid  on  withdrawal   from  the  furnace.  ' 
The    idea   is   extremely   simple    and   the 
additional  cost  to  work  it  is  slight. 

The  tubes  themselves  even  when  made 
by  hand,  cost  only  one  dollar  per  hun- 
dred, fired  and  ready  for  packing.  The, 
packing  is  done  by  the  boys  or  furnace 
helpers  after  the  manceuver.  The  chip- 
pings  of  about  hazelnut  size  are  taken 
from  the  butchered  retorts  reclaimed 
from  the  dumps.  The  fixing  is  also  done 
by  the  boys  who  place  the  filters,  small 
end  first,  into  the  condensers,  as  these 
are  being  put  up  to  the  retort  mouth. 
The  only  precaution  to  be  observed  is 
that  no  dust  gets  into  the  tubes.  To 
avoid  this,  the  retorts  are  not  charged 
close  to  the  outlet  end,  and  in  this  way 
the  back  pressure  exerted  by  the  filter 
is  not  appreciable  and  no  more  vapor 
is  lost  through  pores  or  cracks  than  in 
ordinary  practice. 

Often  in  dealing  with  impure  ashes  in 
which  some  of  the  zinc  exists  as  chlor- 


the  possibility  of  treating  complex  double 
sulphide  ores  of  lead  and  zinc,  such  as 
the  Broken  Hill  concentrates,  in  order  to 
recover  the  zinc  in  a  much  purer  state 
than  hitherto  possible  and  to  secure  at 
least  part  of  the  lead  in  the  metallic  con- 
dition. 

Although  the  furnaces  were  not  pri- 
marily designed  for  smelting  ores,  two 
scries  of  trials  were  carried  out  last  sum- 
mer, and  while  the  short  duration  classed 
them  in  the  nature  of  an  experiment,  they 
were  sufficiently  successful  to  prove  the 
feasibility  of  solving  the  problem  of 
treating  plumbiferous  zinc  ores  for  the 
production  of  high-grade  spelter  in  one 
operation.  The  use  of  the  fume  filter, 
slightly  enlarged  to  deal  with  the  heavier 
duty  upon  it,  acted  as  a  preventive  meas- 
ure, by  keeping  the  lead  from  contamin- 
ating the  zinc  to  a  harmful  extent.  A 
large  percentage  (96)  of  the  silver  in  the 
ore  was  also  retained  in  the  residues  in 
a    condition    of    alloy    with    the    reduced 


;3ill«*'*' 


SHemei/iM.. , 


Fig.  2.   Interior  View  of  No.  1  Furnace 


Fig.  3.  Furnace  at  Work  with  Fu.me  Nozzles  Attached 


ladles,  the  first  two  tappings  yield  plates 
of  the  highest  grade  the  lead  being  guar- 
anteed under  0.2  per  cent,  by  the  regis- 
tered trade  mark  of  "Irvo." 

The  Fume  Filter 

Between  the  mouth  of  the  retort  and 
the  back  of  the  condenser,  there  is  tight- 
ly luted-in  the  fume  filter  for  effecting 
the  filtration  of  the  fumes  of  volatilized 
zinc.  This  consists  essentially  of  a  10- 
in.  conical  fire-clay  tube  loosely  packed 
with  suitably  sized  refractory  material, 
such  as  chippings  of  burnt  fire-clay.  It 
is  held  in  position  as  shown  in  the  sketch. 
Fig.  4,  taken  from  a  recent  patent  speci- 
fication. 

The  fume,  in  passing  through  this  fil- 
ter, is  sufficiently  retarded  to  entangle  the 
lead,  but  not  the  zinc,  and  thus  nearly 
pure  spelter  is  condensed  in  the  outer 
chamber  while  the  lead  trickles  down 
over  the  filter  medium  and  collects  in  the 
bottom.  It  can  be  recovered  to  a  large 
extent  in  the  metallic  form  by  the  simple 
expedient  of  inverting  the  filter  tube  over 


ide,  it  is  found  advisable  to  insert  a  sec- 
ond filter  to  act  as  a  stopper.  This  filter 
goes  into  the  outer  end  of  the  condenser. 
It  is  packed  in  the  same  way  as  the  inner 
tube,  but  is  not  luted-in  tightly,  as  its 
chief  service  is  to  retain  the  objection- 
able and  volatile  products  which  would 
otherwise  escape  into  the  atmosphere. 
The  escaping  fume  is  almost  completely 
free  from  zinc,  as  evidenced  by  the  blue 
color  of  the  flame;  much  less  zinc  pow- 
der is  produced  and  there  is  found  in  the 
condensers  a  heavy  scum  which  contains 
sufficient  zinc  to  be  sold  to  the  chemical 
works  for  recovery.  These  stoppers 
serve  to  conserve  the  heat  in  the  con- 
denser, and,  as  prolongs  are  not  em- 
ployed, the  air  is  thus  prevented  from 
entering  the  condenser  and  causing  oxi- 
dation of  the  zinc  vapor  before  it  con- 
denses. 

Experiments  on  Broken  Hill 
Concentrates 

After  viewing  the  refining  process  car- 
ried out  at  Irvine,  I  was  impressed  with 


metallic  lead,  suitable  for  easy  recovery. 
The  furnaces  were  constantly  under  per- 
sonal supervision  during  each  of  the 
tests  and  all  material  was  weighed  both 
before  and  after  treatment. 

The  results  are  summarized  in  the  ac- 
companying balance  sheet  and  tables, 
taken  from  a  paper'  read  before  the  Brit- 
ish Institute  of  Metals. 

Results  of  the  Tests 

Regarding  the  losses  of  zinc  in  these 
trials,  nearly  30  per  cent,  may  seem 
somewhat  excessive,  but  when  the  per- 
centage of  sulphur  in  the  only  ore  which 
was  available  is  calculated  to  zinc  sul- 
phide, in  which  form  it  chiefly  existed,  it 
will  be  seen  that  almost  1500  pounds  of 
the  4300  pounds  of  zinc  represented  as 
lost  can  he  accounted  for  in  this  way. 
Then  by  comparison  with  methods  in 
which  the  outer  stopper  and  filter  were 
not  used,  the   Brand  process  showed 'a 

'"Noti's  on  tlip  Production  of  Pure  Spoltcr," 
liv  .Tolin  S.  CS.  Prlmroso.  Joiirii..  British  In- 
stitiilo    of    XI<-(i\ls.    Vol.    II,    liioil. 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


417 


gain  of  nearly  10  per  cent,  more  zinc 
as  spelter  which  was  also  of  a  higher 
purity,  amounting  to  quite  3  per  cent,  of 
zinc.  The  lead  in  the  first  tappings  as- 
sayed not  more  than  0.5  per  cent. 

Undoubtedly,   the   open   texture   of  the 


hand-made  retorts  militated  against  the 
highest  yield  being  obtained,  due  in  part 
to  the  slight  back  pressure  set  up  by 
the  interposition  of  the  larger  filter  tube, 
which  was  put  in  the  mouth  of  the  re- 
tort, as  shown  in  Fig.  5.     Also,  the  yield 


B.\L.\NCE  .SHEET  OF  M.\TERI.M,S  IX  THREE  DAY  TEST. 


Material. 

July. 

September. 

.■Vssay 
.Vo. 

Cwt. 

Zinc, 
Lb. 

Lead,   Lb. 

Silver, 
Oz. 

Cwt. 

Zinc,  Lb. 

Lead,  Lb. 

Silver, 
Oz. 

2 
3 

4 
5 
A 

Spelter 

Htsiilues 

!.<•  Ill 

I.<!.iil  scrapings 
Los.s      

99} 
176 
3 

308 

11.099 
1,228 

'  3,7i8 

83 

3,475 

326 

•■7i7 

235 
2 

is 

98i 

160i 

3* 

4i 

288 

10.948 

1.160 

2 

54 

3,172 

67           .... 
3,220     1     251 
380              1 
240               1 
284              8} 

.Middlings 

1 

16.045 

4.601 

250 

15,336 

4,191           262} 

T.\BLE  OF  ZINC  SMELTING   LOSSES. 


July. 

Income. 
Zinc  (Lb.). 

Output. 
Spelter  (Lb.). 

Loss  (Lb.). 

Percentage 
Loss. 

Units  Lost. 

I'irsl  da.v                                 

Second  dav                           

Third  da.v                               ... 

5.730 
5.210 
5,105 

3.700 
3.579 
3.90.-) 

2.030 
1.G31 
1.200 

35.4 
31   3 
23.5 

17.0 
15.0 
11.25 

.XKBR-KaU' 

September. 

16,045 

11,184 

4.861 

30.3 

14.5 

lirst  da.v 

Second  da.v 
Thiril  da.v 

5,325 
5, .325 
4,686 

3,553 
3,780 
3,687 

1,772 

1,545 

999 

33.29 
29.01 
21.32 

15.82 
13.79 
10.14 

15,336 

11,020 

4,316 

28.15 

13.39 

.\SS.\YS  OF  RESULTS  OF  THE  THREE   n.\Y  TESTS 


JlLY   Te.ST. 


September    Test. 


No.    1.      MlDDU.NGS   (dr.v). 


47  95  per  cent. 
13  75  per  cent. 

2,05  per  cent. 

16}  oz.  per  ton  of  2240  lb. 

3  per  cent,  in  nialerial  as  used 


47.54  per  cent. 

13  OS  per  cent. 

2.26  per  cent. 

18i  oz.  per  ton  (2240  lb.) 
O.OS    per    cent,    in    material 
weighed. 


No, 


SPELTER. 


1  Da.v, 
Percent. 

2  Day, 
PerOnt. 

3  Day, 
Percent. 

1  Day, 
Per  Cent. 

2  Day, 
Percent. 

3  Day, 
Per  Cent. 

I'irsl  lap: 
Zinc*                                  .    . 

99  300 
0  683 
0  017 

14} 

99.135 
0.852 
0  013 

18i 

99  336 
0.648 
0.016 

15} 

99.142 
0.836 
0  022 

16} 

99.402 
0.572 
0  026 

19} 

99.124 
0  852 
0  024 

1.1 

99.52 
0.46 

17     " 

99.11 
0.86 

i4}' 

99.48 
0.50 

25' '■ 

99.20 
0.76 

■si' 

99  50 

l/-ad 

Iron 

Weight  (cwt.) 

0.47 
221 ' 
99  00 

.-^eco^<l  and  third  taps: 
Zin<'                  ... 

I.<>ad 

0.96 

1  ron 

Weighl  (cwl.)    

ioj  ■ 

No.  3.     r 

IESIDITE.S. 

I  ..-ad 

19,69 
5.88 
29} 

59}" 

IS     IN 

8  61 
271 

2  77 
571 

16  60 
6.77 
251 

57i" 

19 

7 

32} 

.54} 

,. 

17 

Zinc 

Silver  (oz.  per  toni   

■Vverage  moisture  in  residues 

as  weighed  (per  cent.)  .... 

Weight  (ewl.i             

6 

30^ 

.131 

0  5 

«ij 

.'>2 

• 

No.  5. 
No.  4.     Lead  Pi.ateh.              Lead  Scrapings. 

I>'ad 

/ill'-'    . 

-    !•  .T 

lui 

99 . 5  per  cent . 

0  6  per  cent . 

12  oz.  per  Ion  (2240  1b.) 

99  0  per  cent. 

0  7  per  cent. 
10  75  oz.  per 
Ion 

0  3  per  cent. 

12  0  per  cent. 
8  5  per  cent . 
20  75  oz.  per  Ion 
(2240  111.) 

•The   llrst    lappings   nil    conlnlned   ulioiit   II. 1   per  cent,   of  cadmium. 


of  metallic  lead  (3  cwt.)  was  not  quite 
up  to  expectation,  and  it  has  been  dis- 
puted if  the  92  per  cent,  of  total  lead 
left  in  the  residues  as  20  per  cent,  pro- 
duct (  with  6  or  7  per  cent,  of  zinc  I  can  be 
readily  recovered  to  yield  its  silver  con- 
tent. There  is  never  likely  to  be  a  suf- 
ficient quantity  of  these  residues  to  keep 
a  lead  furnace  going,  but  it  is  obvious- 
ly quite  feasible  to  mix  these  with  a  lead 
ore  for  treatment  in  the  blast  furnace; 
there  the  unconsumed  carbon  of  the  coke 
would  be  useful  for  its  calorific  value. 

It  was  surprising  with  so  much  lead  in 
the  charge  that  the  wear  and  tear  upon 
the  retorts  was  not  heavier.  No  more 
butchering  occurred  than  had  previously 
been  encountered  in  dealing  with  galvan- 
izers'  dross  and  ashes,  which  are  un- 
doubtedly more  severe  on  the  retorts 
than  most  ores.  By  reason,  however,  of 
the  suitable  excess  of  reducing  material 
above  that  required  to  effect  the  reduc- 
tion and  to  maintain  a  steady  current  of 
carbon  monoxide  throughout  the  run,  it 
was  found  possible  to  reduce  the  number 
of  cracked  and  "holed"  retorts  to  about 
5  or  6  per  cent.  This  does  not  much 
exceed  ordinary  smelting  practice. 

This  point  has  already  been  remarked 
upon  by  Sulman  and  Picard,  who  made 
use  of  a  briquetted  charge  of  Broken 
Hill  middlings  and  coking  coal,  but  they 
were  unable  to  recover  any  more  than  70 
per  cent,  of  the  zinc.  They  also  re- 
corded, what  was  found  in  these  trials, 
that  the  greater  portion  of  the  lead  in  the 
residues  existed  in  the  metallic  condition. 
It  was  finely  disseminated  through  the 
half-burnt  coke,  which  held  it  mechan- 
ically as  in  a  sponge,  in  which  condition, 
of  course,  the  lead  had  a  much  less  de- 
leterious effect  on  the  fire-clay  of  the 
retort  than  if  it  had  existed  as  oxide  or 
silicate. 

Flow  of  Vapor  Must  Be  Carefully 

An.IUSTED 

It  has  been  advanced  by  the  users  of 
carbonaceous  packing  material  for  the 
filter  tubes  and  nozzles  that  a  reducing 
atmosphere  is  maintained  in  the  con- 
denser and  less  zinc  powder  is  thereby 
produced.  But  apart  from  the  extra  cost 
of  this  combustible  material  (which  is 
really  refractory  at  the  temperatures  ob- 
taining) it  is  quite  immaterial  what  pack- 
ing is  used,  provided  it  is  of  suitable  size 
and  contained  in  a  vessel  of  the  proper 
dimensions. 

The  apertures  are  of  carefully  ad- 
justed size  for  the  work  in  hand,  and  it 
is  to  the  correctly  adjusted  flow  of  vapor 
through  these  as  the  furnace  is  uniform- 
ly heated  up  that  the  whole  success  of 
the  process  depends.  Too  slow  a  rise 
gives  trouble  through  formation  of  a 
"spider's  web"  of  zinc  oxide  and  dust 
over  the  hole,  and  too  rapid  a  temperature 
increment  gives  too  quick  a  passage  of 
the  fume  through  the  filter  to  effect  satis- 
factory separation  of  the  lead.    The  chief 


418 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


disadvantage  that  I  have  found  in  the 
use  of  coke  as  a  filtering  medium  is  its 
uncertainty;  either  it  swells  and  chokes 
the  passage  or  it  burns  out  at  the  end  of 
the  run  and  crumbles  to  the  bottom  of 
the  tube,  thus  leaving  a  free  passage  for 
the  fume  just  at  the  time  when  most  lead 
is  coming  over  in  the  vapor. 

It  has  been  further  stated  that  the  pro- 
ducts now  obtained  by  the  application  of 
the  Elmore  oil  vacuum  process  to  the 
Broken  Rill  ores  and  tailings,  will  leave 
no  raw  material  available  for  the  opera- 
tion of  the  fume-filtration  method  of  zinc 
smelting.  The  final  zinc  concentrate  with 
46.5  per  cent,  of  zinc  and  only  7.25  per 
cent,  of  lead  is  even  more  admirably  suited 
for  the  production  of  a  high-grade  spel- 
ter than  were  the  "middlings"  available 
at  the  time  of  the  Irvine  trials,  provided, 
of  course,  that  it  is  smehed  in  conjunc- 
tion  with  the  patented    fume   filter. 

Summary 

The  advantages  arising  from  the  use 
of  this  method  of  fume  filtration  should 
be  readily  apparent  to  all  practical  zinc 
smelters,  and  especially  to  those  who  are 
troubled  with  the  lead  in  their  ores  low- 


I  am  indebted  to  Brand's  Pure  Spelter 
Company  for  its  courteous  permission 
to  x'isit  its  pioneer  work,  and  for  nu- 
merous facilities  accorded  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  this  paper;  also  to  J.  A.  C.  Ed- 
miston,  its  chief  works-chemist,  for 
checking  the  assay   figures. 


had    been   removed,    which    is    normally 
present  in  commercial  copper. 


Segregation  of  Gold  in  Copper 


By  Donald  M.  Liddell* 


There  is  an  apparent  impression  that 
in  mohen  gold-copper  alloys  no  segrega- 
tion of  gold  takes  place  on  cooling,  if 
both  the  gold  and  copper  are  pure.  The 
following  experiments  seem  to  contradict 
this,  at  least  when  the  gold  content  is 
low.  Electrolytic  copper,  fine  silver  and 
fine  gold  were  taken  and  melted  to- 
gether with  a  salt  and  charcoal  cover, 
stirred  well  and  the  crucible  allowed  to 
cool  gradually  inside  the  furnace.  The 
copper  block  was  then  broken  out  of 
the  crucible,  cleaned  and  divided  into 
three  zones,  top,  middle  and  bottom. 

The  zones  assayed  as  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying  table. 

There  was,  however,  the   chance  that 


Selenium  Gold  Ore 

At  the  222d  meeting  of  the  Geological 
Society  of  Washington,  1909,  Waldemar 
Lindgren  offered  an  informal  communi- 
cation regarding  the  discovery  of  a  selen- 
ium mineral  in  the  gold-quartz  ores  of 
the  Republic  district,  Washington.  The 
veins,  which  have  yielded  several  million 
dollars  in  gold,  are  contained  in  Tertiary 
andesitic  rocks  and  tuffs.  The  vein  mat- 
ter is  quartz,  chalcedony  and  opal  de- 
posited in  concentric  crusts.  "Adularia,  in 
considerable  amount,  also  occurs  in  the 
gangue."  Ore  minerals  and  particularly 
native  gold  are  rarely  visible  in  the 
gangue  and  the  ores  have  proved  very 
difficult  to  treat.  In  rich  ores  slight  black 
streaks  indicate  the  presence  of  metallic 
minerals  and  in  a  few  places,  in  the 
Republic  mine,  a  well  defined  black  or 
dark-gray  mineral  forms  crusts  a  few 
millimeters  in  thickness.  This  material  is 
exceedingly  rich  in  gold,  but  contains  no 
free  metal.     It  consists  mainly  of  an  an- 


Tht  Engineering  i  Afining  Journal 


Fig.  4.   Fu.me  Filter 

ering  the  market  value  of  the  spelter  pro- 
duced, since  the  higher  grades  often 
command  as  much  as  SIO  per  ton  more 
than  the  ordinary  run.  The  modification 
in  the  usual  method  of  smelting  is  slight 
and  the  filters  can  be  made  to  fit  any 
form  of  retort  and  condenser  in  use.  The 
greatest  simplicity  is  found  in  working, 
once  the  correct  distillation  temperature 
is  secured  and  maintained  by  the  aid  of 
pyrometers,  and  by  the  use  of  machine- 
made  retorts,  no  greater  smelting  loss  is 
sustained;  in  fact,  with  the  outer  stopper 
in  place  an  increase  of  yield  is  obtained. 
Secondary  considerations  are  the  de- 
crease in  zinc  dust  produced  and  less- 
ened fume  escaping  into  the  atmosphere, 
as  well  as  the  fact  that  lower  grade  ores 
can  be  made  to  yield  the  highest  grade 
spelter.  The  extra  cost  of  production  is 
low,  amounting  only  to  a  few  cents  per 
ton,  and  the  services  of  one  helper  for 
two  hours  at  each  furnace  to  hand  the 
filter  tubes  to  the  charger,  who  natur- 
ally needs  about  one-half  minute  longer 
per  retort  to  get  the  tube  luted  in  posi- 
tion. 


Fig.  5.    Using  a  Fume  Filter  as  Stopper 


the  segregation  of  the  silver  had  ef- 
fected the  gold,  and  also  that  the  differ- 
ence in  the  specific  gravities  of  copper, 
silver   and  gold  had  influenced  the  result. 

Ag.  Oz.     Au.  Oz. 

per  Ton.  per  Ton. 

Top .->:;  14        r,.s.6 

Edge  of  middle .i:s .  OS         .-, .  S2 

Center  of  middle 59.92         6.  is 

Bottom 69  58         6.7L' 

Therefore,  a  mixture  of  electrolytic  cop- 
per and  fine  gold  only  was  made  up  and 
melted.  The  influence  of  specific  gravity 
was  discounted  by  removing  the  crucible 
from  the  furnace  and  setting  it  on  a 
cold  plate  which  would  tend  to  chill  the 
bottom  more  quickly  than  the  top.  The 
block  was  divided  as  before,  and  the 
assays  were  as  follows:  Top,  9.89  oz. 
gold  per  ton;  middle,  9.93;  edge  of  cen- 
ter, 9.85;  and  bottom.  9.65  oz.  One  may, 
therefore,  conclude  that  there  is  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  segregation  in  gold-copper 
alloys  prepared  with  the  best  commercial 
copper.  It  is  still  undetermined  what 
would  be  the  case  with  a  copper  from 
which  the  0.05  to  0.07  per  cent,  of  oxygen 

•firnssclll,    Ind. 


timonial  tetrahedrite  associated  with 
specks  of  chalcopyrite.  A  partial  analy- 
sis by  Dr.  Palmer,  of  the  U.  S.  Geologi- 
cal Survey,  showed  no  tellurium,  but  the 
presence  of  about  1  per  cent,  of  selenium, 
which  in  all  probability  is  combined  with 
the  gold.  This  interesting  result  places 
the  Republic  veins  in  the  rare  class  of 
Tertiary  selenide  veins,  of  which  Tonopah 
is  the  only  known  representative  in  the 
United  States.  "From  descriptions,  one 
of  the  few  deposits  of  this  kind,  outside 
of  the  United  States,  is  that  of  Redjang- 
Lebong  in  Sumatra."  No  doubt  the  diffi- 
culties which  have  been  experienced  in 
the  treatment  of  these  ores  are  attribut- 
able to  the  presence  of  selenium  com- 
pounds. 


Gold  placer  and  lode  mining  in  Alaska, 
according  to  a  press  bulletin  of  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  yielded  in 
1009  about  S20,463,000,  an  increase  of 
about  6  per  cent,  over  the  output  of  1908 
and  the  largest  year's  yield  since  190(i, 
the  year  of  greatest  production. 


August  27.  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


419 


Refuge    Chambers    in    Coal    Mines 

The   Average   Cost  of    One   District   Refuge   Chamber    Is   Estimated  at 
$500.     Total   Expenditure  for  an  Average  Mine  Is  Less  Than  $10,000 


B  Y 


GEORGE 


RICE* 


The  recovery  of  20  living  men  from 
an  improvised  refuge  chaiiiber  in  the 
Cherry  mine,  Illinois,  one  week  after  en- 
tombment (November  13,  1909)  awak- 
ened general  interest  in  the  systematic 
establishment  of  equipped  refuge  cham- 
bers in  coal  mines. 

The  employment  of  such  chambers  is 
by  no  means  new.  There  have  been  a 
few  well  equipped  refuge  chambers  es- 
tablished for  years  in  certain  mines 
abroad,  and  in  at  least  one  case  in 
France,  have  been  of  value  in  saving  life. 
The  great  number  of  mine  disasters  in 
this  country,  as  well  as  the  large  per- 
centage of  such  accidents  to  the  number 
of  men  employed  in  the  mines,  makes  the 
question  of  refuge  chambers  a  most  im- 
portant  one    for  us  to   consider. 

In  a  majority  of  the  mine  disasters 
that  have  occurred  in  this  country  since 
1907,  there  have  been  men  in  certain 
portions  of  the  afflicted  mine  who  have 
not  been  killed  outright  and  who,  in  some 
instances,  have  lived  for  a  considerable 
time,  even  hours  after  the  explosion.  This 
was  notably  the  case  in  the  recent 
Primero  (Colo.)  mine  explosion.  At  this 
mine,  a  branch  explosive  wave  entered 
the  first  working  entry  on  the  left  for 
about  1800  ft.  and  then  died  away.  Fif- 
teen miners  in  their  working  places  be- 
yond this  limit  of  the  explosion  were 
not  injured  by  violence  or  flame.  One 
of  them  was  ultimately  rescued  abort 
12  hours  after  the  explosion.  He  stated 
they  wandered  about  for  some  hours 
trying  to  get  out.  In  the  last  attempt 
they  were  overcome  by  the  afterdamp 
and  all  but  one  died.  It  was  evident 
that  if  they  had  remained  in  their  work- 
ing places  all  in  this  party  would  have 
escaped. 

Had  there  been  a  refuge  chamber  in 
this  vicinity  with  telephone  connection 
to  the  outside,  there  is  little  doubt  that 
these  men  would  have  gone  there,  and 
with  good  air  and  provisions,  and  en- 
couragement by  word  from  the  outside, 
would  have  stayed  in  perfect  safety.  The 
rescue  party  would  have  had  a  deTmite 
place  to  work  toward,  and  if  necessary, 
have  employed  oxygen  helmets  to  reach 
the  entombed  men. 

Windber,  Johnstown.  Wehrum  and 
Herrin  can  be  cited  among  recent  explo- 
sions, in  which  some  of  the  victims  were 

N'.TK — r'npr.r  pippnipd  for  thp  ItlncllcliI 
mci'tlnir  nf  (Iw  Wi-^t  Vli-lnia  Conl  Minim:  In- 
cflliiti',  .Imip  7,  irUiP,  l,v  iiprmlssli.n  i>f  tlii> 
IHr.Mtrir  n(  tile  Cnllf.l  Stntos  fjpoloalr.il 
Survey. 

•Mlnlni:  onainopr  with  Toi'linnlnirlc  Rrnnoli. 
T  .    S,    (!i<ol.    .Siirv..    rittsliiuK.    IVnii. 


lost  by  afterdamp.  While  the  proposi- 
tion hardly  needs  demonstration  to  those 
who  have  had  the  misfortune  to  encoun- 
ter mine  disasters  and  have  observed  the 
considerable  proportion  of  victims  over- 
come by  afterdamp,  it  may  be  of  inter- 
est to  retell  briefly  the  experiences  at 
the  Cherry  mine  to  indicate  what  can 
be  done  whsn  there  is  knowledge  of  the 
whereabouts  of  entombed  men,  and  to 
show  the  power  of  endurance  of  human 
beings  under  the  fearful  conditions  that 
prevailed  in  their  improvised  refuge 
chamber. 

The  Cherry  Disaster 

On  Saturday  afternoon.  Nov.  13,  1909, 
a  pit  car  of  hay  at  the  second  vein  land- 


ihe  shafts,  but  were  prevented  by  smoke. 
Waite  and  Eddy,  who  had  been  around 
to  warn  the  men,  took  the  leadership. 
As  the  smoke  became  worse,  the  party 
was  gradually  driven  back  up  the  second 
west  entry.  One  of  them  was  lost  in  a 
futile  endeavor  to  get  out.  The  others 
finally  retreated  to  the  head  of  the  en- 
try, and  on  Monday  erected  barricades  of 
dirt  and  old  powder  cans  across  the  two 
entries  immediately  outside  of  pairs  of 
stub  entries  respectively  turned  off  the 
second  west  and  the  aircourse.  After 
the  barricades  had  been  finished  on  Mon- 
day, their  oil  lamps  would  burn  no  long- 
er, due  to  the  blackdamp  present,  al- 
though they  had  plenty  of  oil  and 
matches.    The  party  had  acetylene  lamps. 


-\ir  CurrcuC 


Whore  not  required  l)>  Stale  Laws, 
Croas  Cuti  to  Chanibrr  mny  be  omitted. 
A  Line  firnttlce  bcliiK  UAod  for  Veiilllnltng 

while    Driving.  nt  Kn^nttrt'^ai  Mn-.ny  /^t 

Fic.  1.   Suggested  Plan  for  District  Refuge  Chamber 


ing  of  the  air  shaft  of  the  Cherry  mine 
was  set  on  tire  by  a  torch.  The  down- 
casting  current  fanned  the  fire,  which  in 
turn  ignit;;d  the  timbering,  and  then  the 
flame  was  driven  rapidly  toward  the  main 
bottom.  Owing  to  opening  of  ventilating 
doors,  the  smoke  was  short-circuited  so 
that  only  a  relatively  small  amount  w'as 
blown  around  the  mine  workings  until 
some  time  had  elapsed  and  the  ventilat- 
ing fan  doors  burned  out.  I  will  not 
attempt  to  review  the  whole  history  of 
the  fire,  but  confine  the  story  to  men 
who  were  ultimately  saved. 

A  group  of  miners  who  had  met  at  the 
entrance  of  the  second  west  entry  in  the 
second  vein  had  attempted  to  get  out  to 


which  will  burn  in  an  atmosphere  con- 
taining a  lower  percentage  of  oxygen 
than  will  support  combustion  of  oil 
lamps,  but  these  went  out  on  the  day 
following  the  erection  of  the  barricades. 
All  of  you  probably  read  in  the  news- 
papers of  the  struggle  for  existence  that 
these  men  had  until  the  following  Satur- 
day. Then,  becoming  desperate,  they  de- 
cided to  make  an  attempt  to  reach  one  of 
the  shafts  and  obtain  water  at  least.  They 
made  holes  through  each  of  the  barri- 
cades. Brown  and  a  companion  went 
through  the  barricade  in  the  second  west 
to  get  some  pails  they  remembered  leav- 
ing immediately  outside  the  barricade. 
They   were   overcome,   but   later   revived 


420 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


enough  to  crawl  back  inside  the  barri- 
cade. The  decision  of  those  who  started 
under  the  leadership  of  Waite  and  Eddy 
was  to  go  out  on  the  first  west  entry  to 
a  crosscut  five  or  six  hundred  feet  out- 
bye.  JV.ost  of  the  entombed  men  were 
not  strong  enough  to  go;  there  were  8 
who  made  up  the  "forlorn  hope"  party. 
They  managed  to  rrnke  their  way  in  the 
darlcness  until  they  reached  the  crosscut 
where  they  were  to  whistle  if  the  air  was 
better.  They  whistled,  but  the  other  men 
did  not  feel  sufficiently  strong  to  start. 
The  eight  continued  their  journey  past 
trips  of  cars  and  dead  mules  in  the  dark 
until  they  reached  the  mouth  of  the  en- 
try, a  distance  of  half  a  mile.  Here  they 
encountered  one  of  the  mine  officials. 

The  mine  had  been  opened  on  Thurs- 
day night,  but  the  exploration  had  pro- 
ceeded in  a  different  direction,  one  pair 
of  entries  at  a  time  being  cleared  of 
blackdamp  and  explored.  The  eight  men 
were  taken  to  the  surface  immediately. 
They  were  very  weak  and  were  at  once 
put  in  charge  of  doctors  and  nurses.  The 
leaders,  Waite  and  Eddy,  gave  informa- 
tion as  to  there  being  12  more  men  be- 
hind the  barricades.  A  rescue  party  was 
made  up  at  once,  including  myself,  and 
taking  five  rescue  helm.ets,  went  into  the 
mine. 

A  Notable  Rescue 

We  pushed  on  as  far  as  we  could  with- 
out the  helmets  and  established  a  base 
at  the  mouth  of  the  seventh  south  en- 
try. Beyond  this  point,  all  but  electric 
lights  would  go  out  instantly.  The  men 
were  successively  despatched  and  after 
some  delay,  enlarged  the  hole  in  the 
second  west  barricade,  so  that  they  could 
get  through.  On  the  other  side  of  the 
barricade  they  found  the  12  men  more 
or  less  scattered.  All  but  one  of  the 
rescued  men  were  able  to  walk  out  when 
assisted  by  the  helmet  men.  When  they 
reached  the  base,  they  were  given  oxygen 
treatment.  One  was  so  far  gone  that  he 
had  to  be  taken  out  on  a  stretcher  by 
R.  Y.  Williams,  of  the  Survey,  and  an- 
'  other  volunteer. 

It  is  a  singular  fact  that  those  who 
made  up  this  rescue  party,  when  with- 
out helmets,  could  not  breathe  the  local 
air  without  getting  "knocked  out,"  al- 
though the  men  who  had  been  rescued 
appeared  to  be  able  to  breathe  it  with 
impunity.  Their  systems  had  apparently 
become  accustomed  to  the  blackdamp, 
which  must  have  constituted  over  4  per 
cent,  of  the  atmosphere  when  brat- 
tices were  built  up,  and  undoubtedly  this 
percentage  of  blackdamp  had  been  In- 
creased by  the  breathing  of  20  men  en- 
tombed. 

All  hut  one  of  these  men  lived  al- 
though some  of  them  were  a  long  time  In 
completely  recovering.  Had  there  been 
telephone  communication  with  th^  out- 
side, it  is  certain  that  these  entombed 
men  would  have  been  rescued  as  eonn  as 


the  mine  had  been  entered,  two  days 
earlier.  If  they  had  not  been  admirably 
led,  it  is  quite  probable  that  the  delay 
would  have  caused  their  death. 

It  will  be  generally  conceded  that  had 
there  been  equipped  refuge  chambers  in 
other  parts  of  the  Cherry  mine,  and  in 
certain  other  mines  in  which  disasters 
have  occurred,  many  lives  would  have 
been  saved. 

The  mine  operator  frequently  says  in 
truth,  should  not  prevention  of  accidents 
be  the  objective?  Moreover,  granting 
the  usefulness  of  safety  chambers  in  case 
of  disaster,  provided  the  chambers  hap- 
pen to  be  so  located  as  to  be  available, 
is  it  practicable  to  locate  the  chambers 
with  any  certainty  that  they  can  be 
reached  by  men  cut  off  from  escaping 
outside;  second,  will  it  not  require  so 
many  chambers,  and  the  cost  be  so  great 
as  to  be  prohibitive? 

Undoubtedly,  prevention  of  disasters 
should  receive  the  first  consideration,  but 
the  facts  are  that  disasters  have  oc- 
curred in  well  planned  and  in  generally 
well  administered  mines,  though  some 
weak  point  undetected  by  the  manage- 
ment, or  through  the  failure  of  one  man 
to  understand  or  to  do  his  duty. 

Location  for  Refuge  Chambers 

The  majority  of  mine  disasters  are 
due  to  explosions,  and  most  of  them  in 
this  country  have  their  origin  at  the 
working  faces.  Usually  the  main  ex- 
plosive wave  rushes  along  the  haulage 
road  that  provides  its  fuel — coal  dust — 
until  it  reaches  the  exits  into  the  open 
air. 

There  are  frequently  branch  explosive 
waves  that  traverse  some  of  the  cross 
headings  or  entries.  More  particularly 
is  this  true  when  the  rooms  are  connected 
through  from  heading  to  heading  and 
provide  an  abundant  supply  of  fresh,  dry 
coal  dust. 

In  exceptional  cases,  notably  at  Mari- 
anna,  Penn.,  and  recently  at  Mulga  and 
Palos,  Ala.,  the  flame  of  the  explosion 
penetrated  throughout  the  mine.  In  these 
mines  there  was  a  small  amount  of  me- 
thane given  off  in  the  working  faces, 
which  undoubtedly  tended  to  widen  the 
explosion  in  each  case.  In  a  typical 
coal-dust  explosion  where  there  are  some 
wet  stretches  of  passageways,  wet  from 
either  natural  or  artificial  causes,  there 
are  likely  to  be  some  roads  and  districts 
unpenetrated  by  flame.  This  suggests 
the  value  of  a  refuge  chamber  in  each 
district  and  a  complete  separation  of  one 
district  from  another  by  continuous  pil- 
lar, where  the  room-and-pillar  system  is 
used.  The  entrance  and  exit  for  haul- 
age and  ventilation  of  each  district 
should  be  located  at  one  point  and  the 
entrance  and  exits  protected  by  special 
zones  which  are  kept  free  from  dust,  or 
the  dust  thoroughly  wetted  or  covered 
by  rock   dust. 

Such  information  as  we  have  at  pres- 


ent leads  to  the  belief  that  these  zones 
can  be  made  impenetrable  to  an  external 
dust  explosion  when  uncomplicated  by  the 
previous  presence  of  methane  in  the  air 
passing  through  the  zones.  The  latter 
would  be  an  exceptional  condition.  An 
explosion  within  a  given  district  would 
probably  traverse  its  respective  protec- 
tion zone  and  possibly  reach  the  near- 
est exit  to  the  open  air,  but  the  explo- 
sive wave  should  not  enter  the  other  dis- 
tricts if  the  inert  zones  are  properly  ar- 
ranged and  protected. 

Suppose,  then,  there  be  a  refuge  cham- 
ber in  each  isolated  district,  the  miners 
acquainted  as  they  should  be  with  the  lo- 
cation of  the  chamber,  rush  to  it  on  hear- 
ing the  explosion  or  being  notified  of  it 
if  in   a   distant   district. 

In  an  inclosed  district,  the  afterdamp 
would  come  in  only  slowly  at  the  en- 
trance until  the  explosion  doors  at  the 
fan  had  been  replaced,  so  that  in  most 
cases  in  a  carefully  planned  district  the 
men  would  have  ample  opportunity  of 
reaching  the  refuge  chamber  before  the 
blackdamp  drifted  or  was  blown  in. 

Such  a  chamber  should  be  connected 
by  a  protected  telephone  line  with  the 
surface,  preferably  coming  down  a  drill 
hole  direct  into  the  chamber.  This  drill 
hole  could  also  be  used  for  supplying 
fresh  air  under  pressure.  Under  such 
circumstances,  the  imprisoned  men,  en- 
couraged by  communication  with  the  out- 
side and  supplied  with  stored  food  and 
water,  could  live  for  weeks,  if  necessary, 
until  safely  reached  by  rescuers. 
Size  of  Districts 

The  maximum  size  of  a  district  to  be 
supplied  by  a  refuge  chamber  depends 
somewhat  on  the  geological  and  other 
physical  conditions  presented  by  the 
seam  and  the  system  of  working  same. 
It  would  seem  desirable  to  have  it  bear 
some  relation  to  the  maximum  number 
of  men  employed  in  a  district  ventilated 
by  a  separate  split  of  air.  We  will  as- 
sume that  the  maximum  number  of  men 
is  one  hundred,  a  not  uncommon  maxi- 
mum allowed  for  a  single  split  of  air. 
As  there  will  be  new  districts  or  panels 
forming  while  others  are  being  worked 
out,  the  average  number  of  men  we  will 
figure  at  50.  A  medium-sized  mine  has 
about  200  men  employed  on  the  day  shift, 
and  a  large  mine  about  500.  Accepting 
the  average  of  50  men  in  a  district,  there 
would  be  from  4  to  10  live  districts  in  a 
medium-  to  large-sized  mine,  and  as 
many  refuge  chambers  under  the  system 
proposed. 

To  establish  these  refuge  chambers 
may  appear  to  be  a  serious  task,  but  .ny 
idea  is  that  if  these  chambers  are 
planned  for  in  laying  out  the  mine,  the 
cost  per  ton  would  be  insignificant.  Near- 
ly all  modern  coal  developments,  as  a 
inatter  of  good  engineering,  are,  or 
should  be  preceded  by  thorough  pros- 
pecting, both  to  know  the  continuity  of 
the  seams  and  to  properly  plan  the  mine. 


Ai'gust  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


421 


Furthermore,  in  gassy  seams,  accord- 
ing to  Fred  Keighley,  as  reported  in  his 
paper  delivered  before  the  Mining  In- 
stitute of  Western  Pennsylvania,  1899, 
drill  holes  are  of  great  value  in  draining 
off  the  gas  contained  in  the  seam.  If 
the  prospect  drill  holes  are  cased  and 
protected  from  injury  at  the  surface,  they 
will  serve  as  the  most  valuable  feature  of 
a  refuge  chamber,  providing  means  for 
communication  to  the  outer  world. 

It  is  true  that  while  such  drill  holes 
are  preferably  large,  the  ordinary  pros- 
pect hole  drilled  by  a  core-drill  which 
may  be  cased  with  2-in.  pipe  will  accom- 
plish all  that  is  strictly  necessary,  pro- 
vided there  is  an  air  compressor  avail- 
able. The  telephone  wires  to  pass  down 
this  casing  through  which  air  is  forced. 
By  a  recently  developed  system  of  bor- 
ing holes,  that  of  Brcjoha's,  which  has 
been  employed  abroad,  the  hole  is  coated 
with  cement,  thus  dispensing  with  casing 
and  giving  a  larger  internal  diameter. 
(Colliery  Guardian,  1908,  Vol.  .\cvi,  page 
502.) 

The  oxygen  rescue  apparatus  supply  2 
liters  of  oxygen  per  minute,  more  than 
sufficient  for  a  man  at  rest.  In  rough 
figures,  10  liters  of  free  air  per  minute 
will  be  sufficient  per  man,  or  assuming 
a  maximum  of  100  men  in  the  chamber, 
1000  liters  of  free  air  at  atmospheric 
pressure  per  minute  will  be  required. 
This  is  equivalent  in  round  numbers  to 
350  cu.ft.  at  atmospheric  pressure  per 
minute.  Compressing  to  six  atmospheres, 
this  would  mean  only  (50  cu.ft.  of  air  per 
minute  compressed  to  80  lb.  per  square 
inch — which  could  easily  be  delivered 
through  even  a  one-inch  pipe  to  depths 
of  over  1000  ft.  The  exhaled  and  sur- 
plus air  would  he  discharged  into  the 
mine.  If  the  drill  hole  be  made  large 
enough,  it  has  been  suggested  that  a 
hand-driven  suction  fan  could  be  placed 
at  the  bottom  of  the  hole  in  the  chamber, 
so  that  the  refugees  would  be  indepen- 
dent of  external  machinery  to  get  air. 
In  putting  in  such  a  fan  it  would  be 
advisable  to  offset  same  by  a  tee  from 
the  foot  of  the  hole  and  insert  valves  so 
the  hole  can  be  used  in  other  ways. 

Size  of  Chamber 

Allowing  room  for  each  man  to  stretch 
out  on  the  ground,  say  12  sq.ft.  each,  it 
would  require  1200  sq.ft.  of  area  in  the 
chamber  for  the  maximum  number  of  100 
men.  If  the  chamber  is  18  ft.  wide,  the 
length  needed  would  be  66  ft. — we  will 
say  75  ft.  in  length— although  there 
would  be  no  objection  to  much  greater 
length.  The  chamber  may  therefore  be 
an  ordinary  working  room  and  driven  as 
such,  though  for  sake  of  speed  in  prep- 
aration in  each  given  district,  it  may  be 
advisable  to  limit  the  length  to  100  feet. 

Shape  of  Chamber 

The  chief  features  to  be  observed  are 
(n  to  make  the  room  neck  or  necks  of 


great  length;  (2)  to  make  the  pillars  on 
either  side  of  good  thickness,  and  make 
the  crosscuts  to  adjoining  rooms  or  en- 
tries in  the  process  of  driving  the  room 
as  narrow  as  possible,  so  as  to  lessen 
the  difficulty  and  expense  of  building 
tight  masonry  or  concrete  stoppings  in 
same  on  completion  of  the  chamber. 
Where  the  State  laws  do  not  require 
crosscuts  nearer  than  80  to  100  ft.,  the 
refuge  chamber  could  be  driven  up  with- 
out crosscuts,  using  instead  a  line  brat- 
tice to  carry  ventilation  to  the  face. 

Entrance  to  Chamber 

The  entrance  to  the  chamber,  after  the 
crosscuts  have  been  securely  and  strong- 
ly sealed,  should  be  at  the  heading  or 
entry  only.  There  should  be  two  en- 
trances at  the  heading  where  practicable. 
The  reason  for  two  is  to  provide  for  ven- 
tilation under  ordinary  conditions,  and  in 
case  there  should  be  a  fall  of  roof  on 
the  entry,  blocking  one  of  them,  the 
other  entrance  would  be  available. 

The  entrance  used  in  driving  the  cham- 
ber would  have  to  be  wide  enough  to  ad- 


chamber  and  normally  be  kept  open  by  a 
button,  though  self-closing.  This  applies 
to  district  chambers  in  the  interior  of  the 
mine  and  not  to  a  special  fireproofed 
chamber,  such  as  has  been  proposed  for 
instalment  at  an  escape  shaft,  and  in 
which  it  may  be  better  to  keep  the  doors 
closed. 

The  first  men  entering  the  district 
would  shut  the  doors.  The  doors  should 
be  carefully  hung  and  fit  tight,  but  no 
extra  or  unusual  tightness  would  be  re- 
quired if  there  was  a  cased  drill  hole 
from  the  surface,  down  which  air  could 
be  forced  under  pressure.  It  might,  in 
fact,  be  found  necessary  to  provide  a 
pipe  recessed  along  the  rib  behind  the 
door  casings  with  an  automatic  relief 
valve  in  same  to  prevent  excessive  air 
pressure  on  the  men,  should  the  doors 
seal    very   tightly. 

Equip.ment  of  Refuge  Chambers 

The  equipment  of  the  district  refuge 
chambers  should  be  protected  and  should 
be  relatively  simple.  The  vital  feature 
is  the  drill  hole   for  ventilation  and   for 


Heading__ 


Ing  ^  STtninff  Jirumal 


Vectllating  Current 

Fig.  2.  Alternative  Plan  for  District  Refuge  Chamber 


mit  a  mine  car,  though  this  width  should 
subsequently  be  reduced  by  heavy  ma- 
sonry securely  keyed  into  the  ribs  to 
keep  down  the  width  of  the  doors  to 
about  30  in.  The  other  .entrance  could 
be  driven  narrow  by  pick.  Normal  ven- 
tilation would  be  established  by  placing 
a  curtain  across  the  entry  or  heading, 
and  if  necessary,  carrying  a  line  brat- 
tice up  the   room. 

Opposite  one  of  these  entrances  there 
should  be  a  crosscut,  with  doors,  through 
the  pillar  to  the  parallel  heading  or  en- 
try to  allow  the  men  to  enter  from  that 
side.  The  eritrance  into  the  chamber 
should  each  be  guarded  by  at  least  three 
strongly  built  doors  with  frames  recessed 
into  the  rib  or  masonry.  It  does  not 
seem  essential  that  these  be  made  of 
iron.  It  is  rare  that  fires  resulting  from 
explosions  are  started  in  the  interior  of 
the  mine,  without  immediate  extinguish- 
ment by  the  afterdamp.  When  fires  re- 
sult from  an  explosion  it  is  usually  near 
the  entrance,  where  the  fresh  air  has 
come  in  before  the  coked  dust  has  cooled 
off. 

There  is  no  objection  whatever  to  iron 
doors,  but  it  is  better  to  keep  down  the 
expense  of  installation  and  have  frequent 
refuge  chambers  instead  of  one  or  two 
very   expensive  ones. 

The  doors  should  open  inward  to  the 


carrying  down  telephone  lines,  and.  in 
case  of  prolonged  entombment,  for  run- 
ning down  water  or  liquid   food. 

The  telephone  itself  should  be  of  the 
iron-incased  type  and  would  be  useful 
in  the  regular  administration  of  the  mine. 
Its  use  in  this  way  would  tend  to  in- 
sure its  being  in  order  when  needed.  In 
a  rib  hole  or  in  one  of  the  sealed  cross- 
cuts, there  should  be  a  privy  provided 
with  sand  and  disinfectants.  The  cham- 
ber should  be  whitewashed  throughout 
and  the  floor  kept  swept. 

Drinking  water  should  be  kept  in  cov- 
ered casks  and  renewed  from  time  to 
time.  Food  in  cans  and  tins  should  be 
stored  in  wall  cases  with  glass  fronts, 
the  latter  to  be  broken  when  necessary. 
A  dozen  or  more  dry-cell  electric  lights 
should  be  placed  in  the  wall  cases,  also 
two  or  three  safety  lamps  with  match 
relighters. 

One  oxygen  resuscitation  box  with  an 
extra  oxygen  cylinder  would  be  most  de- 
sirable. Two  or  more  oxygen  rescue  ap- 
paratus might  also  be  of  advantage  for 
exploration  toward  the  shafts  or  for 
fighting  local  fires.  Light,  portable  self- 
rescue  apparatus,  like  that  designed  by 
my  colleague,  Clarence  Hall,  might  be  of 
great  service.  Two  or  more  portable 
chemical  fire  extinguishers  would  be  ex- 
cellent for  regular  protection  of  the  dis- 


422 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


trict,  rather  than  for  the  more  remote 
contingency  of  fighting  fires  produced  by 
an  explosion.  There  should  be  a  roll  of 
canvas  or  brattice  cloth  for  special  emer- 
gencies. 

Disinfectants,  simple  medicines,  and  a 
box  containing  "first-aid"  remedies  and 
implements  would  manifestly  be  of  ad- 
vantage. The  list  can  be  added  to  in- 
definitely, but  the  main  thing  is  to  have 
the  apparatus  and  supplies  kept  in  such 
a  way  and  so  maintained  as  to  always 
be  instantly  available.  In  a  well-admin- 
istered mine  this  should  not  be  difficult, 
and,  if  severe  penalties  are  inflicted  on 
those  who  take  away  or  damage  the 
equipment  in  ordinary  times,  the  cost  of 
maintenance  should  not  be  great. 

The  surface  arrangements  in  reference 
to  the  air  supply  depend  so  much  on  the 
topography  of  the  surface,  ownership  of 
same,  and  the  regular  mine  equipment, 
it   is   difficult   to   generalize. 

Manifestly,  the  most  satisfactory  ar- 
rangement would  be  to  connect  the  top 
of  each  hole  of  a  refuge  chamber  by  a 
compressed-air  line  to  a  central  com- 
pression plant.  If  the  mine  does  not 
have  an  air-compressing  plant,  but  does 
have  an  electric  plant,  power  lines  can 
be  taken  to  the  top  of  each  hole  and  a 
small  motor-driven  compressor  used,  or 
in  case  the  drill  hole  is  large  enough  and 
not  too  deep,  a  high-speed  blower  would 
be  sufficient. 

The  telephone  lines  should  run  to  the 
central  plant  or  office.  These  would  be 
used  in  transacting  the  regular  business 
of  the  mine. 

It  is  possible  to  obtain  nearly  the 
same  results  by  carrying  the  pipe  lines 
and  telephone  lines  through  the  mine 
and  ornit  the  drill  holes,  but  to  render 
them  secure  against  explosion  or  fire 
would  require  burying  or  recessing,  so 
that  the  cost  would  probably  be  greater 
than  the  drill-hole  arrangement,  and  the 
latter  would   certainly   be   much   surer. 

Refuge  Cha.mber  Ne.ar  Shaft 

In  shaft  mines,  one  chamber  near  the 
escape  shaft  would  be  advisable.  Such 
a  chamber  should  be  fireproofed  and 
have  iron  doors.  It  would  be  of  great 
value  to  men  who  might  be  able  to  reach 
the  bottom  after  any  explosion  before 
the  hoisting  arrangements,  if  injured,  had 
been  repaired.  It  would  also  be  of  ad- 
vantage as  a  hospital  and  as  a  base  for 
rescue   parties. 

The  arrangements  at  the  foot  of  shafts 
are  so  varied  it  is  impossible  to  specify 
a?  to  the  size  or  shape.  The  general 
equipment  would  be  the  same  as  for  the 
district  chambers. 

If  a  mine  is  equipped  with  refuge 
chambers,  it  is  manifest  that  signs  and 
directions  should  be  placed  along  the 
headings  leading  to  same.  Each  new 
employee  should  be  taken  to  the  several 
chambers    and   the    equipment   carefully 


explained   to    him    in    his   own    language. 
Nothing  should   he   taken    for   granted. 

ESTl.MATE    OF    COST    OF    AN    AVERAGE    DIS- 
TRICT   Refuge   Chamber 

In  this  estimate,  the  room  is  not  con- 
sidered an  added  expense,  except  for  the 
extra  length  of  room  neck.  The  cost  of 
drilling  the  hole  is  considered  part  of  the 
cost  of  prospecting;  the  cost  of  its  cas- 
ing for  an  assumed  depth  of  500  ft.  is 
alone  considered.  The  telephone  is  not 
regarded  as  an  extra  cost. 

It  1ST   OF   REFUGE   CHAMBER. 

.")0(i  ft.     2-in.     common-pipe     casing,     in 

place,    say .¥.50 

."id  ft.  of  excess  room  neck  yardage  and 

special    entrance,    saj' oU 

.">   room     crosscuts,     say,     100     ft.     of 

yardage     ")0 

i5   Masonry    stoppings,   at    .$10 oU 

6  Masonry  door  frames,  at  .$5 Hil 

G   Doors  and  frames,   at  .$(5 36 

Sanitary   closet  and   fixtures !•"• 

Wall   cases   witli   glass   fronts. liii 

Caslis.    pails    and    miscellaneous    til- 
ings      - 10 

Food  in  tins  and  cans,  say 2-"> 

(i   rirv  cell  electric  lights,   say  .$5  each  3ii 

2   Safety    lamps,   at   *I5 I'l 

1   Oxygen   resuscitating  box,   with    Iwo 

cylinders     -!•"> 

First   aid   box.    medicines  and   disin- 
fectants      -^ 

Miscellaneous,    say ">-t 

Total $5'^il 

The  foregoing  provides  for  a  good 
equipment;  other  apparatus  mentioned 
previously  should  be  considered  as  part 
of  the  mine  equipment. 

If  a  mine  had  6  such  stations,  the  cost 
underground  would  be  S3000.  On  the 
surface  the  special  equipment  would  vary 
widely  with  the  physical  conditions  and 
regular  equipment.  If  a  mine  used  com- 
pressed air,  the  only  additional  cost  for 
the  stations  would  be  the  outside  pipe 
lines.  These  pipe  lines  need  not  be  large, 
as  economy  of  operation  would  not  enter 
into  the  calculations.  It  is  probable  that 
all  such  lines  to  drill  holes  of  six  refuge 
chambers  could  be  supplied  at  from 
$1500  to  S2000,  under  ordinary  condi- 
tions. 

When  the  mine  has  an  electric  plant 
but  not  a  compressor  plant,  the  additional 
surface  equipment  would  be  the  cost  of 
the  power  lines  to  the  various  drill  holes 
and  the  cost  of  the  small  motor-driven 
fans  or  compressors.  Each  drill  hole 
surface  instalment  could  probably  be 
put  in  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  S500. 

When  a  mine  had  neither  compressed- 
air  nor  electric  plant,  the  cost  of  instal- 
ment would,  of  course,  be  much  greater, 
as  it  would  involve  a  small  central  plant. 
However,  it  may  be  pointed  out  that  such 
a  plant  would  be  extremely  useful,  and 
no  doubt  pay  for  instalment  on  other 
grounds. 

Let  us  assume  that  the  average  total 
cost  of  instalment  of  district  refuge 
chambers  figures  as  much  as  SIO.OOO, 
Or  let  us  say  5  per  cent,  of  the  total  cost 
of  the  mine  investment,  the  possibility 
of  saving  a  considerable  number  of  lives, 
if  disaster  comes,  makes  it  seem  a  good 
in\  estment. 


British  Government  and  Rescue 
Work 


Special  Correspondence 


On  June  S,  a  representative  body  from 
the  Mining  Association  of  Great  Britain 
discussed  with  the  Home  Secretary  the 
use  of  rescue  apparatus  in  mines.  Mr. 
Churchill  pointed  out  that  several  for- 
eign countries  had  already  legislated  on 
the  subject,  and  he  would  be  prepared  to 
introduce  legislation  at  a  suitable  oppor- 
tunity. He  was  most  anxious  that  they 
should  go  forward  hand  in  hand,  that  the 
voluntary  adoption  of  apparatus  should 
not  be  delayed  for  a  single  day,  and  that 
the  general  opinion  of  coal  owners  all 
over  the  country  should  support  any 
statutory  measure  which  might  be 
passed. 

He  earnestly  pressed  upon  them  to  in- 
form him  as  soon  as  they  possibly  could 
what  steps  could  be  taken  swiftly  to  ob- 
tain a  wide  extension  of  the  movement. 
The  Home  Office  did  not  want  anything 
that  would  impose  a  heavy  burden  or  a 
great  deal  of  difficulty,  but  the  whole 
subject  had  to  be  pressed  and  Mr. 
Churchill  hoped  he  might  rely  upon  their 
effective  cooperation  in  carrying  it  for- 
ward at  once. 

The  Home  Secretary  also  impressed 
upon  the  deputation  the  view  that  it  was 
essential  that  they  should  have  men  who 
knew  how  to  use  apparatus.  The  men 
ought  to  be  selected  from  those  engaged 
in  each  shift,  so  that  all  of  them  should 
not  be  underground  at  the  same  time. 
They  should  be  divided  into  squads  of 
five  men,  accustomed  to  work  together. 
The  number  of  men  in  the  brigade  should 
not  be  less  than  5  per  cent,  of  the  un- 
derground workers.  Further  than  this, 
the  Home  Office  thought  there  ougnt  to 
be  a  rescue  station  at  every  colliery,  or 
within  half  an  .hour's  drive  of  a  colliery, 
and  at  which  there  should  be  an  aoparat- 
us  and  trained  men.  Mr.  Churchill  con 
gratulated  British  coalmasters  upon  the 
steps  which  they  had  already  voluntarily 
taken,  but  said  those  steps  were  not 
complete  and  adequate;  the  time  had 
come  when  they  had  to  see  that  the  ap- 
paratus and  rescue  provisions  were 
brought  into  general  use  throughout  the 
whole  country. 

Rescue  Apparatus  Should  Be  Immedi- 
ately  Available 

As  a  kind  of  addendum,  R.  A.  S.  Red- 
mayne,  chief  inspector  of  mines,  re- 
marked that  up  to  the  present  time,  when 
colliery  disasters  had  occurred,  the  res- 
cue apparatus  had  to  be  obtained  from 
a  considerable  distance.  Very  often  a 
district  might  be  cut  off  by  a  danger  zone 
and  in  a  safe  place  beyond  that  zone  men 
had  been  known  to  live  for  more  than 
a  day,  and  in  other  cases  he  was  con- 
vinced that  if  rescue  apparatus  had  been 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


423 


immediately  available  many   lives   could 
have  been  saved. 

On  behalf  of  the  Mining  Association  of 
Great  Britain,  the  secretary,  T.  Ratcliffe 
Ellis,  said  that  before  the  adoption  of 
measures,  they  should  be  carefully  con- 
sidered to  see  how  far  they  were  really 
suitable  for  the  purpose  for  which  they 
were  to  be  applied.  His  association  was 
entirely  in  agreement  that  there  should 
be  men  trained  in  rescue  work  at  each 
colliery,  and  that  stations  should  be  es- 
tablished. The  association  intended  to 
send  the  proposals  which  had  been  made, 
to  the  colliery  owners  and  invite  them  to 
do  what  they  could  to  carry  out  the  rec- 
ommendations of  the  Royal  Commission. 
It  was  desirable  that  progress  should 
go  on  voluntarily  rather  than  that  any 
legislation  should  be  enacted. 


Annual    Convention    of    Anthracite 
Mine  Workers 


ScRANTON    Correspondence 

The  twelfth  annual  convention  of  the 
first  anthracite  district  of  the  United 
.Mine  Workers  of  America  was  held  re- 
cently in  Scranton.  There  were  about 
120  delegates  present  from  the  various 
locals  of  the  district,  which  extends  from 
Forest  City  to  Nanticoke.  Although  the 
delegates  were  a  week  in  deliberation, 
very  little  of  a  practical  character  was 
accomplished.  The  entire  proceedings 
were  devoted  almost  exclusively  to 
criminations  and  recriminations.  There 
were  resolutions  offered  in  all  serious- 
ness, which  would  not  only  put  the  con- 
ciliation board  out  of  business,  but 
which,  if  they  were  adopted,  would  abro- 
gate the  plenary  jurisdiction  of  the  union 
itself.  Speaking  with  the  utmost  im- 
partiality, the  convention  disclosed  naked 
and  unabashed  a  great  labor  organization 
in  the  process  of  dissolution. 

Less  Than  One  Miner  in  Ten  Belongs 
TO   Union 

The  secretary  reported  that  the  first 
district  had  an  average  membership  dur- 
ing the  year  of  7000  members.  There 
are  about  KSO.OOO  miners  in  the  anthra- 
cite regions  eligible  to  full  and  unquali- 
fied membership  in  the  union.  Prob- 
ably one-half  of  these  men  work  in  the 
Rrst  district.  This  is  to  assume  that  out 
'>f  some  75,000  members  in  the  first  dis- 
trict, less  than  one  in  every  ten  is  a 
member  of  the  union  in  good  standing. 
In  connection  with  this  specification,  it 
should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  first  dis- 
trict contains  by  far  the  largest  propor- 
tion of  English-speaking  miners  and  by 
H     far  the  most  intelligent. 

President  Benjamin  McRnaney  did  not 
allude  to  the  membership  of  the  district 
in  his  report.  The  reason  he  did  not  do 
•^0  was,  he  said,  because  a  very  large 
number  of  the  miners  who  were  recently 


on  strike  in  the  Pennsylvania  coal  com- 
panies' collieries  have  joined  the  union, 
and  this  is  quite  true.  The  company 
never  prohibited  its  men  from  joining 
the  union  in  the  past,  although  it  has 
been  alleged  that  if  they  did  so  before 
the  present  agreement  came  into  exist- 
ence between  the  company  and  its  men, 
that  the  miners  would  have  been  dis- 
criminated against  palpably.  However 
that  may  be,  the  inclusion  of  the  pre- 
dominately large  Italian  element  that  has 
been  infused  into  the  roster  of  the  first 
district  will  not  make  for  peace  and  may 
lead,  according  to  present  indications,  to 
untoward    results    in    the    future. 

One  Resolution  Denounced 

A  case  in  point:  One  of  the  delegates 
of  the  newly  organized  union  included 
in  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  ter- 
ritory, who  said  that  he  represented 
500  men,  moved  a  resolution  to  the  ef- 
fect that  no  disputes  should  be  submit- 
ted to  the  conciliation  board,  or  even 
subjected  to  arbitration.  This  resolution 
was  not  only  voted  down,  but  it  was  de- 
nounced heartily  by  many  of  the  dele- 
gates present.  President  McEnaney,  in 
his  rough-shod  but  eloquent  way,  char- 
acterized the  motion  as  anarchical  and 
refused  to  put  it  from  the  chair.  It  is 
not  the  resolution  itself,  nor  the  acri- 
monious debate  which  it  engendered,  that 
is  of  consequence,  but  the  temperament 
which  it  indicates  of  the  miners  who  have 
so  recently  joined  the  union. 

A  curious  fact  in  relation  to  the  spirit 
of  disintegration  that  is  at  work  in  the 
union  is  the  attitude  of  individual  locals 
to  the  district  and  national  executives 
as  revealed  at  the  convention.  It  appears 
that  some  time  ago  a  number  of  com- 
mittees were  inaugurated,  called  ''ways 
and  means"  committees.  The  purpose  of 
these  committees  in  the  beginning  was  to 
increase  the  membership  of  the  union 
and  to  watch  over  its  interests  in  any 
given  locality.  But  these  committees  have 
drifted  away  from  their  original  intention 
and  have  become  in  fact  executively 
independent  of  the  district  executive,  or 
at  least  so  it  was  claimed  emphatically 
at  the  convention.  They  have  gone  into 
what  is  known  as  mining  politics;  that 
is,  they  have  become  small  but  influential 
coteries,  whose  purpose  it  is  to  antag- 
onize the  officials  of  the  district  and  to 
bring  forward  candidates  of  their  own 
for  official  offices.  An  amendment  to 
the  rules  was  proposed  and  carried  that 
in  the  future  no  local  meetings  can  be 
held  without  the  consent  of  the  execu- 
tive officers,  that  is.  meetings  that  have 
for  their  aim  to  deal  with  the  general 
policy  of  the  union  and  its  officers. 

Local   Strike   Not   Sanctioned  by 
Executive  Board 

Although  there  were  a  considerable 
number  of  local  strikes  during  the  year. 
President  McEnaney    in   his  report    de- 


clared that  not  one  of  these  had  received 
the  sanction  of  the  executive  board  of  the 
first  district,  which  is  theoretically  a 
necessary  preliminary  to  the  declaration 
of  a  strike.  With  the  exception  of  the 
strike  at  the  collieries  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Coal  Company,  the  strikes  during 
the  year  in  the  first  district  were  few  and 
far  between,  and  none  of  them  were  of  a 
serious  character.  Matters  in  dispute 
were  cheerfully  submitted  to  the  board 
of  conciliation,  and  its  decisions  were 
accepted    without    reservation. 

Another  resolution  was  adopted  which 
iTiay  have  the  effect  of  mitigating  still 
further  the  tendency  to  unauthorized 
strikes.  This  resolution,  which  was  car- 
ried unanimously,  declares  that  no  strike 
shall  be  declared  without  the  approba- 
tion of  the  executive  officers  of  the  first 
district,  and  that  in  the  spirit  of  the  con- 
stitution of  the  national  organization  all 
proper  means  should  be  adopted  to  bring 
about  a  settlement  of  the  matters  in  dis- 
pute before  a  resort  be  made  to  a  strike. 
Will  the  miners  live  up  to  it?  They 
have  not  done  so  in  the  past,  but  their 
combative  spirit  is  to  a  considerable 
extent  ameliorated,  and  the  resolution 
at  any  rate  is  a  step  in  the  right  direction, 
whatever  inay  be  the  future  destiny  of 
the  union  in  the  anthracite   region. 

Union   Is  Feeble 

The  feebleness  of  the  union  at  the 
present  moment  does  not  lie  either  in  its 
irrational  demands  or  its  pugnacity  face 
to  face  with  the  economical  position  of 
the  operators,  but  in  its  numerical  feeble- 
ness and  in  the  demoralization  that  is 
the  measure  and  consequence  of  it.  The 
burden  of  sustaining  the  union  is  laid 
upon  7000  men  out  of  a  possible  mem- 
bership of  75,000  in  one  district  out  of 
the  three.  The  men  who  are  submitting 
to  this  imposition,  have  submitted  so 
long,  without  any  relief  in  sight,  that 
tliey  are  becoming  disheartened.  The 
monthly  meetings  of  the  locals  are  fre- 
quently so  poorly  attended  that  a  quorum 
of  three  or  four  can  be  seldom  brought 
together;  while  mass  meetings  called  to 
stimulate  the  enthusiasm  of  members  in 
good  standing  and  bring  into  the  fold 
wandering  sheep  are  almost  equally  in- 
consequential. 


Coal    Production    in    Michigan    in 

1909 

The  output  of  coal  in  Michigan  during 
UH)9  was  about  the  same  as  in  1908, 
totaling  1,758,020  tons  in  1909.  There 
were  31  producing  mines,  employing  2960 
men.  The  average  number  of  hours 
worked  per  day  was  7.8,  and  the  average 
daily  earnings  of  each  employee  was 
$2.93.  It  is  estimated  that  67,412  kegs  of 
powder  were  used.  The  aggi;egate  cost 
of  the  total  output  was  $2,905,573,  or 
about  SI. 65  per  ton. 


424 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


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MINING  AND  METALLURGICAL  PATENTS 


^  ^ 


A     CLASSIFIED      LIST      OF 
NEW    INVENTIONS 


'^    ^ 


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A  copy  of  the  specifications  of  any  of  these 
patents  "issued  by  the  United  States  I'atent 
Office  will  be  mailed  by  The  ENr.iNEERixr, 
AND  MiMN'o  JoiRXAi.  upon  the  receipt  of  25 
cents.  Bi-itish  patents  are  supplied  at  411 
cents.  In  ordering  specifications,  correspond- 
ents are  requested  to  give  the  number,  name 
of   inventor    and    date   of   issue. 

COAL,  AXD  COKES 

COAL-DRILL  ST'PrORT.  Richard  Secrist, 
Hemlocl;.  t)hio.  i  U.  S.  No.  96.1,02-1;  July 
19.    1910.1 

COKE  RETORT  OVEN.  Victor  Dominique 
Fernand  Fieschi.  Douai.  France.  (U.  S.  No. 
964,63.5:    July    19.    1910.) 

COAL  TAR — Apparatus  for  Removing  Tar 
from  Coal  Gases.  lOrnest  Solvay.  Brussi-ls. 
Belgium.      (I".  S.  Xo.  963.401:  July  5,   191U.  I 

GAS — A  Method  tor  the  Removal  of  Car- 
bonic Acid  Gas  from  Mines  or  Other  Spaces. 
Caradoc  Owen.s,  Manchester,  Eng.  (Brit.  No. 
17,31.S   of   1909.) 

PEAT-rREPARING  ABrARATl'S.  William 
II.  Bradlev.  Chicago,  111.  lU.  S.  No.  962,120: 
June  21,   1910.) 

PEAT-PREPARING  PROCESS.  William  IT. 
Bradlev.  Chicago,  111.  (!'.  S.  No.  962,119: 
June    21,    1910.') 

PE.\T  MACHINE.  Philip  Heseltine,  De- 
troit. Mich.  (U.  S.  No.  962,349:  June  21, 
1910.) 

PEAT — Separator.  William  H.  Bradley, 
Chicago,  111.  (r.  S.  No.  962.117;  June  21. 
1910.) 

PEAT — Improvements  in  the  Production 
of  Gas  and  Ammonia  from  Peat  in  a  Gas  Pro- 
ducer. .\rthur  Henry  Lymn,  Bromley,  Eng. 
(Brit.    No.    17.1174    of    1909.) 

S.\FETY  LAilPS — Improvements  in  or  Re- 
lating to  Miners'  Safety  Lamps.  Ernest  A. 
Hailwood,  Leeds,  Eng.  (Brit.  No.  14,914  of 
1909.) 

SAFETY  LAMPS — An  Improved  Appar- 
atus for  Igniting  Miners'  and  Lilse  Safety 
Lamps.  David  Lewis.  Gwaun-cae-Gurwen. 
Eng.      (Brit.    No.   23.144    of   1909.) 

COPPER 

COPPER — Method  of  Handling  Matte.  Wil- 
liam D.  Kilbourn.  Murray.  Utah.  (U.  S.  No. 
9G4.27.-i;    July    12,    1910. i 

COPPER — Process  of  Separating  Nickel  and 
Copper  from  Mattes.  Darius  P.  Shuler.  Sud- 
bury. Ontario,  Canada.  (U.  S.  No.  9(!7,072  ; 
August  9,    1910.) 

GOLD  AXD   SILVER 

CYANIDING — Improvements  in  or  Con- 
nected with  Discharge  Aperture  Fittings  of 
Cvanide  and  Other  Tanlis.  Henry  Mechan, 
Glasgow,  Scotland.  (Brit.  No.  15,931  of 
1909. 1 

GOI,D-SAVIN(;  APl'ARATIS.  William  H. 
Ilacknev,  National  Soldiers  Home,  Cal.  (U.  S. 
No.   962.636;    June   28,    1910.) 

IRON    AND    STEEL 

CHARGING  API'ARATUS— Improvements 
in  Cbiirging  .\j>j)aratns  for  Blast  Furnaces. 
Edgar  Richards  and  'rhornas  Lewis.  Glengar- 
nock.   Scotland.      (Brit.   .No.  701s  „{  1909.) 

MANI'FACTl'KK  -  Improvements  in  the 
Manufacture  and  Treatment  of  Steel.  Harold 
Ashton  Richardson,  London,  Eng.  (Brit.  No. 
13.21.S    of    1909. » 

iMANIFACTIRE  OF  STEEL.  Alleyne  Rey- 
nolds, London.  England.  (U.  S.  No.  963,C5'J  ; 
July    .->.    1910.) 

OPKNHEARTH  PROCESS— An  Improved 
Ir-rii  Pi-.iduct  and  Op<Mi-lieai-lb  Process  of 
Mainifactnrliig  Same.  International  Metal 
Pr-oducts  Co..  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  Mlddletown, 
Ohio.       I  Brit.    No.    27.301    of    19119.) 

(iltE  TREATMENT -Process  for  Cleaning 
T]'on  Ores.  Edwai-d  F.  Goltra.  St.  I^xils,  Mo. 
<V.    S.    No.    961.121;    June    14,    1910.) 

SLAG  CEMENT — -Improvements  In  the 
Manufacture  of  Cements  from  Slag  and  In 
Ai)|ia)-at)is  Therefor.  Thomas  H.  Lo<lge. 
Cleveland,    Kng.      (Brit.    No.    13,1S3  of   1909.) 

SLAt;  CEMK.NT — Improvements  In  the  Man- 
ufacture of  Slag  Cement.  John  G.  A.  Hhodln. 
Muswell  Hill.  England.  (Brit.  Xo.  262S  of 
1910.) 


SLAG — Apparatus  for  Treating  Slag.  Rocky 
C    Gangewere.    Selma.   Ala.      (U.    S.   No.   961,- 
602;    June    14.    1910.) 

TUNGSTEN  STEEI^-Manufactnre  of  Steel. 
Charles  Morris  Johnson.  Avalon.  Penn..  as- 
signor to  Crucible  Steel  Company  of  -America. 
Pittsburg.  Penn.  (U.  S.  Xo.  964..S69 :  July 
19.    1910.) 

LEAD,   ZINC  AND  OTHER   METALS 

ALUMIXUM — Method  of  Making  Aluminum 
Fluosilicate.  Edward  F.  Kern.  KnoxviUe, 
Tenn.,  assignor  of  one-half  to  Percv  S.  Brown, 
Xew  York,  X.  Y.  (U.  S.  Xo.  96S,156 :  July 
-,,    1910.) 

ALUMIXUM — Manufacture  of  Aluminum 
and  Its  Alloys.  Ileinrich  F.  D.  Schwabn. 
Belleville.  111."  ( U.  S.  Xo.  964.5G6 ;  July  19, 
1910.) 

TIN — Improvements  in  and  Relating  to  the 
Extraction  of  Tin  and  Like  Metals  Capable 
of  Oxidization  from  Ores  and  Slags  and  in 
Furnaces  Therefor.  John  H.  Robertson. 
Penang.  Straits  Settlements.  (Brit.  No. 
22.140    of    190!).) 

TIN — Method  of  Cleaning  Old  Tinned  Sheet- 
Iron  Boxes  and  Other  Tinned  Articles  to 
Render  the  Same  Suitable  for  Being  Detinned. 
Karl  Goldschmidt  and  Josef  Weber.  Essen- 
on-the-Ruhr,  Germany,  assignors,  by  mesne 
assignments,  to  Goldschmidt  Detinning  Com- 
pany, Jersey  City,  X.  J.  (U.  S.  Xo.  13.123, 
reissue;   June  2.S.   1910.) 

TUNGSTEN — Ti-eatraent  of  Ores.  Charles 
Morris  Johnson,  Avalon,  Penn..  assignor  to 
Crucilile  Steel  Company  of  America,  Pitts- 
bui-g,  Penn.  (U.  S.  No.  964,870;  July  19, 
1910.) 

ZINC — Obtaining  Zinc  Oxide  from  Zinc 
Ores  and  Products.  Woldemar  Hommel  and 
Henry  Livingstone  Sulman.  London,  England, 
assignors  to  the  Metals  Extraction  Corpora- 
tionT  Ltd..  London,  Eng.  (U.  S.  No.  966,209; 
August   2,    1910.) 

MINING— GENER.'VL 

BLASTING  —  Improvements  in  Electric 
Fuses  and  Detonators  for  Blasting  and  the 
Like.  Henry  J.  Robinson.  Ilandsworth, 
K.vnock.  Ltd.,  Birmingham,  England.  (Brit. 
No.     28,532    of    1909.) 

BL.\STING — Improvements  in  or  Relating 
to  Blasting  Fuses.  Charles  F.  Sperv  and 
Edward  F.  O'Brien,  Chicago,  III,  (Brit.  No. 
7550   of    1910.) 

DRILLS — Improvements  in  Valves  Applic- 
able for  Rock  Drills  and  Other  Engines  or 
Machines.  James  Garvie.  Cleveland.  Trans- 
vaal.     (Brit.    No.    13..S3,S   of   1909.) 

DRILLIXG  MACHIXE.  Charles  B.  Rich- 
ards. Cleveland.  Ohio,  assignor,  by  mesne  as- 
signments, to  the  (Cleveland  Rock  Drill  Com- 
pany. Cleveland.  Ohio,  a  Corporation  of  Ohio. 
(U.    S.    No.    966,600;    August    9.    1910.) 

ROCK  DRILLS — Improvements  in  and  Re- 
lating to  Rock  Drills.  Lewis  Lawrence  Scott, 
Joplin.    Mo.       (Brit.    No.    27.932    of    1909.) 

TIOI'K  r>IULLS — Improvements  in  or  Re- 
lating to  the  \A'oi*king  of  Power  Stamps.  Ham- 
mers. Rock  Drills.  Pile  Drivers  and  the  TJke. 
F)"ank  Robinson  and  Jacob  A.  Fredrichs. 
Johannesburg.  Transvaal.  (Brit.  No.  12,144 
of    1909.) 

ROCK  DRILLS — Improvements  in  and  Re- 
lating to  Kock  Drills.  Hyla  William  Burgess 
and  Joseoh  Ilepworth.  of  Albion.  Ida.  (Brit. 
No.    24.291    of    1909.) 

ROCK  DRILLS — Improvements  "in  Chucks 
for  Rock  r>rills.  The  Mining  Engineering 
Company.  Ltd..  and  Charles  Christiansen. 
Sheffield.    Eng.       (Ilrit.    No.    26,810    of    1909.) 

ROCK  DRILLS — Feeding  Mechanism  for 
Rock  Drills  and  the  Like.  Geiu'ge  It.  Bennett, 
Denver.  Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  9(i4.605  ;  July  19, 
Itilo. ) 

ROCK  DRILL  EXTRACTOR.  William  Ed- 
gar Weekes,  Salt  Lake  Citv,  TTtah.  {V.  S.  No. 
965,054;    July     13,     1910.)" 

ROPE  HAULAGE— An  Improved  Grip  for 
Hope  Haulage  in  Mines  and  other  Places. 
William  G.  I'a)'mer.  Pelsall.  near  Walsall. 
England.       IB)'it.    No.    2517    of    1910.) 

SHAFT  SI.N'KINt; — Imp)-oyements  In  and 
Connected  with  G\)ai'ds  for  Use  In  Mining  or 
Pit  Sinking.  Charles  Walker.  Gresford,  No. 
Wales.      (Brit.   No.    12.989  of  1909.) 


ORE   DRESSING— GENERAL 

CONCENTRATING — Improvements  in  and 
Relating  to  Concentrating  .\pparatus  for  Sep- 
arating Metals.  Ores  and  Other  Substances 
in  Wet  Recovery  Processes.  Agnes  Kate  Cox, 
London,   Eng.      (Brit.   No.   11.044   of  1909.) 

CONCEXTRATIXG — Improvements  in  Ore 
Concentrating  and  Separating  Apparatus. 
Francais  Dallemagne  and  Henri  Itallemagne, 
Pasages,  Spain.     (Brit.  No.  4334  of  1910.) 

CONCENTRATOR — Hydraulic  Ore  Concen- 
trator. John  G.  Kirksev.  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
(U.    S.   No.   964,652;    July    19,    1910.) 

COXCEXTRATOR — Ore  Concentrator.  John 
F.  Isbell.  Salt  Lake  Citv.  Utah.  (U.  S.  Xo. 
964.425:    July    12,    1910.) 

CRUSHING — An  Improved  Crushing  and 
Rolling  Mill.  John  C.  Wi-ight.  Sti-atford.  Lon- 
don.  Eng.      (Brit.   Xo.   28,939   of   1909.) 

CRUSillXG — Improvements  in  and  Relat- 
ing to  Crushing  or  (^irinding  Machines.      Geo. 

A.  Mowers    and    Frederick    Williams,    London, 
Eng.       iBi-it.    Xo.    441)1    of    1910.) 

CRX'SHIXG — Ore,  Mineral  and  Coal  Break- 
er, Isaac  Christ,  Tamai)ua,  and  Henry  K. 
Christ,  .Mahanoy  City.  Penn.  (U.  S.  No. 
962.998;    June   28.    1910.) 

DRYIXG — Improved  Machine  or  Apparatus 
for  Drying  Bricks,  Briquets  of  Peat,  Coal  or 
Materials,  Salt,  Chemicals.  Sand  and  Other 
Analogous    Wet    or    Moist    Materials.      Allison 

B.  Lennox.    Xewcastle-on-Tyne,    Eng.       (Brit. 
No.    12,465    of   1909.) 

JIG.  Frank  L.  Buchanan.  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
(U.    S.    No.    962,618;    June   28.    1910.) 

ORE  CLEANER.  Alexander  McDougall, 
Duluth,  Minn.  (U.  S.  No.  963,721  :  July  5, 
1910.) 

ORE  CONCENTRATOR.  George  W.  Burn- 
hart,  Ward.  Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  966,521  ;  Aug- 
ust  9,    1910.) 

ORB  DRESSING — Improvements  in  the 
Treatment  of  Ores.  Elizabeth  Barnston  Par- 
nell.  Carshalton,  Surrey,  Eng.  (Brit.  No. 
14.372   of  1909.) 

ORE  SCREEN.  Frank  Franz,  Burke,  Idaho. 
(U.   S.   No.   9(i7,O0S ;    August   9.    1910.) 

PILVERIZING  MILL.  William  H.  Lieher, 
Milwaukee.  Wis.,  assignor  to  Allis-t^halraers 
Company.  Milwaukee,  Wis.  (U.  S.  No.  966,- 
843:    August    9,    1910.) 

SEPARATION — Improved  Process  and  Ap- 
paratus for  the  Separation  of  Ores  and  the 
Like.  Frank  Wynne,  Surrey,  England.  (Brit. 
No.    12,266   of   1909.) 

SEPAR.\TTON — .\n  Improved  Process  for 
Separating  Complex  ("ires  and  Their  Concen- 
trates. Wm.  M.  Martin.  Redruth,  Cornwall, 
Eng.      (Brit.   No.  9300  of  1909.) 

METALLURGY— GENERAL 

ALKALINE  METALS  —  Imp]-ovements  In 
Apparatus  for  Carrying  Out  the  Electrolytic 
Production  of  -Mkaline  Metals.  Soci4t< 
d'Electrocbimie.  Paris,  and  Paul  T^on  HullD, 
Gjenoble  I  Isere),  Fiance.  (Brit.  No.  6063  M 
1910.) 

("HARGING    API'ARATUS— Appaj-atus    for 
.\utomatically  ("'barging  Gas  (Generators.  Blast 
Furnaces    and    the    Like.       Theodor    de    Fon- 
taine.   Hanover,   Germany.      (Brit.    No.   24,610  ' 
of    1909.) 

CRUCIBLE    FURNACES — Improvements  In  ' 
or    Relating    to    Crucible    Furnaces.      Reenter 
Eickworth.     Witten-Ruhr,     (iermanv.       (Brit 
No.    5709    of    1909.) 

ELECTRIC  FURXACK  for  Metallurgical 
Purposes.  Heini-ich  F.  D.  Schwahn,  Belle- 
ville,    111,       (U.    S.    No.    962.532;    June    28, 

1910.) 

FURNACE- -Combined  Reduction  and  Cru- 
(Ible  Furnace.  Williain  Jenkins  Shaw.  To- 
ronto. Ontario.  Canada,  assigned  to  Interna- 
tional Tool  Steel  Companv.  Ltd.,  Toronto, 
Canada,  a  Corpo)atlon.  (U.  S.  No.  967,060; 
August    9.    1910.) 

REI"INING--Imiiroved    Piocess   of   ReflnlnC  I 
Metals   and    .\llovs.     .\lbert   Edwai'ds   Greene, 
Chicago.    111.     iBi-lt.   Xo.  ;)508  of  1909.) 

SOLUTION     OF     MKTAI.S      Improvements  I 
In  Apparatus  for  Dissolving  Metals  and  Other 
Substances.     A.  L.   Landau.  Gold  (^oast,  West 
Africa.      (Brit.  No.  16,546  of  1909.) 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


425 


i      PERS  O  NAL      1 


Mininc:  ;in(l  nir-ialliirKical  engineers  are  in- 
vilcii  1.1  ki'i'p  Tin:  Knc;in]:i:uini:  a.nh  Mixino 
joi  UN'.M.  luformi'U  of  their  mOToiiU'iits  and 
appciliitinents. 

John  D.  Ryan  is  making  a  western  trip 
after  some  weel\S  in  Europe. 

John  M.  Nicol,  mining  engineer.  Mex- 
ico, D.  F.,  was  in  New  York  recently. 

F.  Augustus  Heinze  arrived  in  New 
York  on  Aug.  20,  after  several  weeks 
abroad. 

E.  S.  Mendels,  agent  of  the  New  York 
Curb,  has  returned  from  a  vacation  trip 
in   Europe. 

Mason  T.  Adams,  of  Denver,  was  in  the 
Portland  Canal  district.  B.  C.  for  a  few 
■weeks  in  August. 

T.  E.  Otis  has  been  elected  president 
of  the  Arizona-Cananea  Mining  Company, 
succeeding  David  Miller. 

Francis  L.  Bobbins,  of  Pittsburg,  has 
been  elected  president    of    the    Alabama 

I  Cement  and  Coal  Company. 
Alfred  H.  Brooks,  of  the  U.  S.  Geologi- 
cal Survey,  left  Seattle,  Wash.,  on  Aug.  8, 
I  by  S.S.  "Alameda"  for  Alaska. 
J.  W.  Astley  has  resigned  as  the  con- 
sulting engineer  of  the  Peterson  Lake 
Mining  Company  of  Cobalt. 

A.  A.  Hassan  has  returned  to  New  York 
from  the  Porcupine  district,  but  will  go 
to  Ontario  again  in  September. 

J.  Cleveland  Haas,  of  Spokane,  was  in 
Victoria,  B,  C,  recently  for  the  Tyee- 
Swayne   Copper   Mines  Company. 

J.  W.  Corrigan,  of  Cleveland,  0.,  is 
inspecting  his  mining  interests  at  Terra- 
zas  and  Cocheno  in  Chihuahua,  Mexico. 

Louis  M.  Ogden  has  been  elected  pres- 
ident of  the  Union  Copper  Mines  Com- 
pany to  succeed  Walter  George  Newman. 

T.  N.  Perkins  has  been  elected  a  di- 
rector of  the  La  Salle  Copper  Company, 
to  succeed  Alexander  Agassiz,  deceased. 

Charles  A.  Gibbons  has  accepted  a  po- 
sition on  the  engineering  staff  of  the 
Ray  Centra!  Mining  Company  in  Arizona. 

Thomas  Bennetts  has  been  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  Algomah  property 
under  Genera!  Manager  R.  M.  Edwards. 

W.  C.  Tracy,  of  Denver,  is  in  the 
Sturgeon  Lake  district,  Ont.,  looking  after 
mining  properties  in  which  he  is  in- 
terested. 

F.  N.  Simonds,  of  Simonds  &  Burns, 
mining  engineers.  New  York,  sailed  on 
the  "Lusitania,"  Aug.  17.  for  a  few  weeks' 
trip  abroad. 

Herbert  Haas,  of  San  Francisco,  has 
been  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
MacNamara  Mining  Company,  at  Tono- 
pah,    Ne\'ada. 

Rndolphe  L.  Agassiz  has  been  elected 
president  of  the  Calumet  &  Hecia  Mining 
Company  to  succeed  Thomas  L.  Liver- 
more,  resigned. 


N.  A.  Carle  has  been  examining  gold- 
quartz  properties  in  Sheep  Creek  camp 
of  the  Nelson  mining  division,  British 
Columbia,  for  M.  Robert  Guggenheim. 

Sir  Alfred  Mond,  of  the  British  firm  of 
Brunner,  Mond  &  Co.,  wil!  shortly  ar- 
rive in  Canada  for  an  inspection  of  the 
their  nickel-mining  interests  at  Sudbury. 

A.  E.  Place,  of  Place  &  Elton,  con- 
sulting engineers,  Oaxaca,  has  returned 
from  an  extensive  prefessional  trip  to  vari- 
ous camps  around  Totolapam,  Oaxaca, 
Mexico. 

R.  H.  Flaherty,  of  Port  Arthur,  Ont., 
has  returned  from  a  northern  exploration 
trip  to  within  70  miles  of  James  bay, 
where  a  number  of  iron-ore  claims  have 
been    located. 

H.  B.  Maufe,  of  the  Geological  Survey 
of  Great  Britain,  has  been  appointed  di- 
rector of  the  Geological  Survey  of  south- 
ern Rhodesia,  lately  instituted  by  the 
Chartered  company. 

W.  N.  Sullivan,  of  Birmingham,  has 
resigned  as  general  superintendent  of 
coal  mines  of  the  Alabama  Consolidated 
Coal  and  Iron  Company.  His  successor 
has  not  yet  been  appointed. 

W.  W.  Miller,  vice-president  of  the 
Southern  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  of 
Birmingham,  Ala.,  has  resigned  and  will 
sail  shortly  for  Europe.  He  is  succeeded 
as  vice-president  by  James  Bowron. 

Rudolph  Erickson,  chief  engineer, 
Pittsburg  &  Lake  Angeline  Iron  Com- 
pany, has  resigned  to  accept  a  position 
as  supermtendent  for  the  New  York 
State  Steel  Company,  Iron  River,  Mich- 
igan. 

W.  H.  Trewartha-James,  general  man- 
ager of  the  Tyee  Copper  Company,  Vic- 
toria, B.  C,  has  gone  on  a  trip  to  the 
Ketchikan  district,  Alaska.  Returning, 
he  will  visit  the  Stewart  camp  in  the  Port- 
land Canal  district. 

W.  Weston,  of  Denver,  having  resigned 
his  position  at  the  head  of  the  industrial 
and  mineral  department  of  the  Denver, 
Northwestern  &  Pacific  railway,  has  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  his  profession  as 
consulting  railway,  industrial  and  mining 
engineer. 

J.  W.  Bryant  recently  left  Victoria,  B. 
C,  on  his  return  to  England,  after  hav- 
ing been  for  three  years  with  the  Tyee 
Copper  Company.  For  some  time  he  was 
superintendent  of  the  Tyee  mine,  on  Van- 
couver island;  but  for  two  years  he  has 
been  engaged  in  examining  Pacific  Coast 
mining  properties. 

Frank  Koester,  of  New  York,  in  a  paper 
presented  before  the  recent  convention  of 
the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engi- 
neering Education,  held  at  Madison,  Wis., 
discussed  in  detail  the  educational  system 
of  the  German  technical  universities,  al- 
so analyzing  the  standing  of  the  German 
engineer  as  compared  with  the  American. 


Ivan  E.  Goodner  has  accepted  a  po- 
sition in  the  new  concentrates  cyaniding 
plant  of  the  Alaska-Treadwell  Gold  Min- 
ing Company,  Treadwell,  Alaska.  He  is 
succeeded  at  the  Bogardus  Testing 
Laboratories  in  Seattle  by  C.  C.  O'Lough- 
lin,  who  was  formerly  at  Kennett,  Gal., 
with  the  Mammoth  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany. 


O  B I TUARY 


Manuel  Aguilera,  an  extensive  mine 
owner  and  operator  in  northern  Mexico, 
died  Aug.   13  at  Parral. 

David  Mackie,  Sr.,  of  Scammen,  Mo., 
died  Aug.  9.  He  was  for  27  years  in 
charge  of  the  Keith  &  Perry  mines  and 
the  Central  coal  mine. 

Charles  R.  Davis,  of  Duquoin,  111., 
manager  of  the  Davis  coal  mine,  died 
on  Aug.  13,  of  burns  accidentally  re- 
ceived at  the  mine  from  a  faulty  steam 
valve. 

Gustav  A.  Rist,  Jr..  an  American  min- 
ing engineer,  native  of  Bloomfield,  N.  J., 
was  reported  murdered  in  Bolivia,  June 
11.  He  was  employed  at  a  gold  mine 
near  the  Peru-Bolivia  boundary.  The  U. 
S.  State  department  is  investigating  t'^e 
circumstances  of  the  case. 


^  SOCIETIESWTECHNICAI  SCHOOLS  ^ 


Iron  and  Steel  Institute — A  notificr.- 
tion  has  been  received  by  the  secretary 
that  King  George  V  has  been  pleased  to 
become  patron  of  the  institute.  King 
Edward  was  patron  during  his  reign,  and 
King  George  became  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  institute  in  1905  when  Prince 
of  Wales. 

National  Association  of  Cement  Users 
— The  seventh  annual  convention  of  this 
association  will  be  held  in  Madison 
Square  Garden,  New  York,  Dec.  12-23, 
1910,  in  connection  with  the  first  annual 
cement  show,  the  latter  being  under  thj 
auspices  of  the  Cement  Products  Evhibi- 
tion  Company.  The  list  of  papers  to  be 
presented  will  be  announced  later. 

American  Society  of  Engineering  Cc- 
tractors — This  society,  of  which  D.  E. 
Baxter,  of  27  William  street.  New  York, 
is  president,  and  Daniel  J.  Hauer  secre- 
tary, will  hold  its  annual  convention  in 
St.  Louis,  Sept.  27-29.  in  the  Coliseum. 
The  local  committee  of  arrangements  is 
E.  H.  Abaide,  chairman,  J.  L.  Westlake, 
W.  C.  Swartout  and  L.  C.  F.  Metzger. 
Papers  will  be  delivered  by  J.  B.  Golds- 
borough  and  Edward  Wegmann,  both  of 
New  York,  on  "Dam  Construction  for 
City  Water  Supplies,"  and  by  George 
C.  Warren,  of  Boston,  on  "Work  Pre- 
liminary to  Street  Paving  and  Road 
Work."  A  banquet  will  be  held,  and  sev- 
eral sight-seeing  trips  will  be  made  to 
important  engineering  work  in  and  around 
St.  Louis.  The  society  has  about  800 
members. 


42(5 


THE    ENGINEEKING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Eeports     From    Our     O^vn    Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      Man>^.    Important 

-^      Mining     Centers    of     tte  'World        -^ 


San  Francisco 

Aug.  20 — The  hydraulic  camp  of 
Smartsville,  Yuba  county,  which,  before  " 
restrictions  were  placed  upon  gravel  min- 
ing, was  very  prosperous,  and  many  large 
operations  carried  on,  is  showing  renewed 
life  and  activity.  The  Tarr  Mining 
Company,  which  is  working  the  old 
Blue  Point  mine,  idle  for  many  years, 
has  cleaned  out  and  rebuilt  its  ex- 
tensive ditches  to  bring  in  the  water,  and 
the  claim  is  to  be  worked  on  a  new  sys- 
tem which  will  not  conflict  with  the  laws. 
Other  claims  long  considered  of  little 
value  are  being  now  looked  after  by  in- 
vestors. Numbers  of  prospectors  are  ■  t 
\vork  in  the  vicinity,  and  much  surface 
placer  mining  is  being  carried  on  in  the 
bed  of  the  Yuba  river.  The  waters  are 
lower  this  season  than  has  been  the  case 
for  40  years,  thus  giving  a  good  chance 
for  the  pan  and  rocker  miners.  There 
are  large  bodies  of  auriferous  gravel  in 
that  section  which  have  been  as  yet  un- 
touched, and  if  the  plans  of  the  Tarr  com- 
pany are  successful,  these  may  be  mined 
in  a  few  years. 

Exceptionally  rich  ore  is  being  taken 
out  of  the  tunnel  of  the  Black  Bear  mine 
in  Moore's  Flat  district,  Nevada  county. 
The  ore  is  as  rich  as  that  coming  from 
some  of  the  notable  claims  in  the  Alle- 
ghany district  of  Sierra  county,  which  is 
only  a  few  miles  away,  across  the  river. 
The  shoot  intersected  in  the  lower  tunnel 
seems  an  extensive  one.  Some  of  the 
knowing  ones  have  decleared  that  the 
rich  Alleghany  mineral  zone  did  not  ex- 
tend south  of  the  Middle  Yuba  into  Nev- 
ada county.  But  this  recent  discovery 
seems  to  disprove  this  theory.  In  this 
connection  it  may  be  stated  that  a  prom- 
inent Sacramento  attorney  was  interested 
in  this  mine  until  two  weeks  ago,  when, 
after  putting  up  810,000  to  prospect  the 
claim,  he  decided  that  he  had  enough  of 
it  and  would  put  up  no  more  money. 
His  partner  continued  work  on  his  own 
capital  and  shortly  after  struck  the  shoot 
of  rich  ore  referred  to. 

Los  Angeles 

Auf^.  21 — Mining  in  the  Southwest 
of  late  has  not  been  character- 
ized by  great  activity.  There  are  two 
causes  for  this.  In  many  desert 
districts  the  great  heat  has  brought  about 
a  cessation  of  activity.  Reports 
of  a  renewal  of  operations  in  Septem- 
ber come  from  many  sources.  How- 
ever, the  recent  slight  improvement 
in  copper  conditions  has  brought  hope  to 


some  of  those  who  have  new  companies 
ir  the  field. 

The  'Voung  Construction  Company,  .of 
Los  Angeles,  has  completed  the  installa- 
tion of  a  mill  for  the  Cicero-Smith  Mining 
Company,  18  miles  from  Wilcox,  Cochise 
county,  Arizona.  The  mill  has  a  capac- 
ity of  35  tons  in  24  hours  and  consists 
of  ten  1000-lb.  stamps,  two  Deister  No.  2 
tables,  and  one  4-ft.  Frue  vanner.  Three 
gasolene  engines,  60,  20,  and  15  h.p.  re- 
spectively, will  furnish  the  power.  The 
Young  company  is  engaged  also  on  the 
construction  and  remodeling  of  the  100- 
stamp  mill  and  cyanide  plant  of  the 
United  Mines  Company,  at  Ogleby,  Im- 
perial county,  California.  The  property 
was  formerly  known  as  the  Golden  Cross. 
The  mill  will  be  increased  to  500  stamps. 
Next  week  the  Young  company  will  begin 
the  work  of  remodeling  the  old  stamp 
mill  at  the  property  of  the  Ruth  Gold 
Mines  Company,  in  the  San  Francisco 
mountains,  Mohave  county,  Arizona.  This 
mine  is  near  the  Gold  Road  mine  and 
has  been  acquired  by  former  business  men 
of  Jacksonville,  Fla.  The  capacity  of 
the  mill  will  be  increased  and  a  cyanide 
plant  installed. 

The  Desert  Power  and  Water  Com- 
pany, of  Kingman,  Ariz.,  now  supplying 
700  h.p.  to  the  Gold  Road  and  Tom 
Reed  mines,  is  increasing  its  equip- 
ment, and  will  be  supplying  about 
1000  h.p.  to  these  two  mines  within 
60  days.  Anticipating  an  increasing  de- 
mand for  power  from  mines  in  the  vicinity 
during  the  next  three  years,  the  power 
company  has  made  plans  to  double  its 
present  capacity,  and  the  necessary 
equipment  has  been  ordered. 

R.  Lanka,  of  Los  Angeles,  and  .1.  R. 
Clark,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  have  some 
splendid  specimens  of  talc,  obtained 
from  a  group  of  claims  located  by  them 
in  the  Death  Valley  country,  about  seven 
miles  westerly  from  Zabriskie,  Inyo 
county.  Some  of  the  specimens  have 
been  ground  and  tested  and  have 
proved  to  be  of  fine  grade.  Develop- 
ment work  will  be  prosecuted  in  -the  fall. 

Denver 

Aug.  23— The  strike  of  the  coal  miners 
in  the  Northern  field  is  still  unsettled,  and 
violence  has  been  resorted  to  by  them. 
A  week  ago  a  man  and  a  woman  wjre  ser- 
iously injured,  and  Aug.  16  one  of  the 
operator's  officials  was  shot  through  the 
shoulder  by  a  deputy  sheriff.  The  oper- 
ators have  asked  the  Governftr  for  troops, 
stating  that  they  cannot  get  proper  aid 
from  the  sheriff.     The  Northern  Coal  and 


Coke  Company  and  8  other  companies, 
representing  the  operators,  have  notified 
the  county  commissioners  of  Boulder 
county  that  the  sheriff  of  that  county  is 
either  unable  or  unwilling  to  preserve 
peace,  and  notify  them  that  failing  to  do 
so,  they  will  be  held  responsible  for  any 
losses. 

It  is  stated  that  the  product  of  these 
mines,  known  as  northern  lignite,  will  be 
raised  in  price  in  September  from  S4.50 
to  S5  per  ton.  Consumers  cannot  lay  in 
a  stock  of  this  coal  in  summer,  when  it  is 
cheap,  for  the  reason  that  it  would  slack. 
There  is  a  market  in  Denver  and  to 
Missouri  river  points  f6r  5000  tons  per 
diem  of  the  fine  bituminous  stocking 
coals  of  the  Yampa  coalfield,  with  as  yet 
only  about  500  tons  per  diem  being  pro- 
duced by  the  four  working  mines  in  the 
Oak  creek  district,  on  the  Moffat  road. 
As  the  freight  rate  on  this  coal  to  Den- 
ver is  SI. 65  per  ton,  and  it  can  be  put 
f.o.b.  cars  for  from  75c.  to  SI  per  ton, 
it  will  be  seen  what  an  opportunity  there 
is  here  for  capital,  combined  with  good 
management,  to  open  up  a  big  producing 
coal  mine.  Anthracite  is  selling  here  at 
58.50  per  ton,  and  the  anthracite  of  the 
Yampa  field  should  be  laid  down  in  Den- 
ver for  an  excess  over  the  cost  of  the 
bituminous  of  not  more  than  $1.50  per 
ton.  But  the  railway  is  yet  18  miles 
from  the  anthracite  and  none  of  the  mines 
have  been  opened. 

The  Ophelia,  which  in  the  early  days 
of  Cripple  Creek  was  known  as  the 
Moffat-Bush  tunnel,  is  to  be  sold  at  auc- 
tion. Sept.  22,  to  satisfy  a  debt  of  S371,- 
580.  The  tunnel  is  1 '  :>  miles  long,  and 
penetrates  Gold  and  Raven  hills.  This 
illustrates  the  history  of  most  of  the  lonq 
transportation  tunnels  in  the  State.  Most 
of  them  have  proved  of  enormous  bene- 
fit to  the  owners  of  the  mines  on  the  sur- 
face, but  nearly  all  of  them  have  been 
a  loss  to  those  whose  money  first  built 
them.  ' 

This  has  happened  on  a  very  large  scale     ._ 
in   another  district,  where   the  tunnel  is     I 
draining  all  the  mines,  and  where,  as  no 
contracts  were  made  with  the  mines  be- 
fore the  tunnel   was  built,   providing   for 
payment  of  drainage  charges,  the  miners, 
as  in  the  other  case,  go  on  working  from 
the  surface    and  decline  to  pay  charges 
for  unwatering.     This   tunnel   is  paying 
running  expenses,  but  those  who  origin- 
ally built  it  are  not  likely  to  see  the  color 
01  their  money  again.     The  only  way  in 
which    such    transportation    or    drainage 
tunnels  should  be  built,  is  a  rule,  is  on      ' 
the  cooperative  system,  by  the  mine  own-    ■ 


August  27.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURN.AL 


427 


ers   themselves,    similar    to    that    of    the 
Deep  Drainage  tunnel  at  Cripple  Creek. 

Salt  Lake  Cily 

Aug.  22 — Utah  capital  is  becoming 
more  largely  interested  than  heretofore 
in  oil  lands.  The  San  Juan,  Wayne,  Vir- 
gin and  Uintah  fields  of  Utah,  and  the 
Spring  Valley  and  Big  Horn  Basin  fields 
of  Wyoming  are  especially  receiving  at- 
tention. Active  work  is  being  done, 
though  extended  or  systematic  develop- 
ment has  not  yet  been  undertaken.  At 
present  there  are  1(3  rigs  in  the  San  Juan 
field,  and  8  are  in  operation.  The  com- 
panies now  drilling  include  the  Areola, 
Galloway,  London-San  Juan,  Redwood, 
Utah,  Monumental,  Connecticut  and  Nav- 
ajo. The  following  rigs  are  being  used: 
Standard,  Star  No.  27,  Keystone  No.  5, 
American  Well  Supply  Company,  Colum- 
bia No.  5.  The  Chicago  E.xploration 
Company  has  two  drills  on  the  way,  a 
special  Star  No.  28  and  a  No.  5  Cyclone — 
the  former  to  be  used  for  deep  drilling 
and  the  latter  for  annual  assessment 
work.  It  is  expected  that  these  will  reach 
the  ground  by  Sept.  1.  The  Ogden-San 
Juan  Oil  Company  has  also  ordered  a 
No.  5  Cyclone   drill. 

Oil  claims  have  been  located  on  the 
San  Rafael  swell  in  Emery  county,  and 
near  the  Cainville  wash  in  Wayne  county, 
also  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Wayne 
county  about  50  miles  south  of  Green- 
river,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande.  A 
Standard  and  a  Star  rig  are  now  on  the 
way  to  this  field.  Work  is  to  be  done 
in  Blue  valley.  Wayne  county,  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Giles.  On  the  Dirty  Devil  river 
in  Blue  valley,  the  seepage  of  oil  is  pro- 
nounced. Prospecting  is  being  done  12 
miles  west  of  Vernal  in  Uintah  county, 
also  near  Virgin  City  in  Wasnington 
county.  Some  drilling  is  being  done  be- 
tween Fairview  and  Mt.  Pleasant  in  San 
Pete  county  on  leased  land. 

The  Utah-Wyoming  Consolidated  Oil 
Company,  operating  in  the  Byron  oilfield, 
Wyoming,  is  drilling  its  fifth  well.  The 
company  is  composed  largely  of  Salt 
Lake  men.  A  casing  has  been  put  in  the 
new  well  to  the  1300-ft.  point.  This  well 
is  through  shale,  and  has  encountered 
oil  of  good  quality.  A  sample  tested  by 
Professor  Pack,  of  the  University  of 
Utah,  proved  to  be  44  deg.  Baume.  The 
oil  is  nearly  colorless.  A  strong  flow  of 
gas  was  encountered  at  1035  ft.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  the  oil  will  increase  in  quanti- 
fy when  the  sands  are  reached. 

Goldfield 

Aug.  20 — A  deal,  which,  if  carried  out, 
will  mean  another  consolidation  approach- 
ing the  Goldfield  Consolidated  in  the  ex- 
tent of  its  property,  is  considered  as  more 
than  a  possibility  by  those  in  a  position 
to  know.  The  supposed  plan  is  to  con- 
solidate the  Jumbo  Extension,  Merger 
Mines  and  Red  Top  Extension  properties. 

The    Goldfield    chlorination    mill    has 


recently  resumed  operations.  The  mill 
handles  cancentrates  as  well  as  ore,  the 
latter  preferably  of  fairly  high  grade.  A 
new  roaster,  burning  crude  oil,  has  been 
installed  and  the  plant  remodeled  in 
other  departments.  The  chlorine  is  »b- 
tained  as  required  by  the  electrolysis  of 
a  brine  solution  and  effects  an  extraction 
of  above  90  per  cent. 


Wallace,  Idaho 

Aug.  20 — The  majority  of  the  mining 
properties,  big  ana  little,  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  district  obtain  electric  power 
from  the  Washington  Water  Power  Com- 
pany, of  Spokane.  This  company  obtains 
much  of  its  power  from  its  Post  Falls  dam 
against  which  ranchers  are  fighting  in 
the  courts.  The  ranchers  seek  to  have 
the  dam  lowered  or  removed  on  the 
ground  that  it  has  caused  the  river  water 
to  overflow  their  lands.  Agents  of  the 
water-power  company  assert  that  the  low- 
ering of  the  dam  would  doubtless  re- 
sult in  an  increase  in  the  rate  for  power 
charged  the  mining  companies.  The  rate 
now  is  about  S30  per  month.  Lowering 
the  dam  would  result  in  the  necessity  of 
generating  power  by  steam. 

Judge  Dietrich  in  the  Federal  court  at 
Moscow,  Ida.,  has  ruled  that  mining  com- 
panies operating  in  the  CcEur  d'Alene 
district  have  the  right  to  dump  tailings 
into  streams.  Unless  reversed  by  the 
court  of  appeals  the  question  is  settled. 
Cases  against  various  mining  companies 
have  been  pending  six  years.  The  suit 
upon  which  the  decision  was  rendered 
was  instituted  by  Elmer  Doty,  a  rancher 
on  the  Cosur  d'Alene  river.  There  were 
65  cases,  but  all  of  them  involved  the 
same  principle,  the  damages  claimed 
amounting  to  SI, 223,000.  Doty  alleged 
that  by  dumping  the  tailings  in  the  river 
the  mining  companies  caused  the  river 
to  rise  and  overflow  the  lands  along  the 
river.  The  case  on  trial  was  against  the 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  company 
and  testimony  was  heard  in  nine 
ot  the  cases.  The  mining  companies 
did  not  introduce  any  evidence.  Judge 
Dietrich  said  there  was  not  enough 
evidence  to  warrant  giving  the  cases  to 
the  jury,  but  instructed  that  a  verdict  be 
returned  giving  the  nine  plaintiffs  the 
sum  of  $1  in  all.  The  other  cases  against 
the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  company  were 
thrown  out  of  court.  The  cases  against 
the  Federal  and  the  Larson  &  Greenough 
companies  were  continued  until  fall. 

Indianapolis 

Aug.  22 — The  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
has  notified  Evansville  that  he  has 
authorized  the  establishment  of  a  rescue 
station  in  that  city  and  that  its  force  will 
be  available  for  duty  in  the  mining  dis- 
tricts of  southern  Indiana  and  northern 
Kentucky.  The  establishment  of  still  an- 
other station  for  eastern  Illinois  and 
western   Indiana   is  under  consideration. 


This  movement  is  in  pursuance  of  a 
broad  plan  to  establish  in  the  coal  region 
throughout  the  country  rescue  stations  in 
which  trained  experts  will  be  ready  at 
all  times  to  respond  in  cases  of  mine 
disasters.  It  will  be  the  duty  of  the 
superintendent  in  charge  of  the  station 
to  train  mine  foremen,  fire  bosses,  miners 
and  others  in  the  use  of  artificial  breath- 
ing apparatus  for  the  purpose  of  assist- 
ing in  rescue  work  after  mine  disasters, 
and  to  aid  in  exploring  and  restoring  the 
mines  thereafter. 

Pittsburg 
Aug.  22 — A  number  of  independent  oil 
producers  in  western  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia  met  in  Pittsburg  and 
formulated  plans  to  organize  a  SIO.OOO,- 
000  corporation,  to  be  known  as  the 
High  Grade  Oil  Refining  Company.  The 
object  of  the  proposed  company  is  to  con- 
trol the  marketing  of  oil  produced  by  in- 
dependent operators.  One-half  of  the 
stock  of  the  proposed  company  is  to  be 
preferred,  and  sold  for  cash.  The  other 
half  common  stock,  and  will  be  distributed 
in  return  for  production  of  crude  oil. 
Attorney  Joseph  A.  Schofield,  of  Warren, 
Pcnn.,  an  independent  producer,  laid  the 
plan  before  the  operators  present.  No 
definite  action  was  taken,  but  another 
meeting  will  be  held  in  Butler,  Penn., 
at  which  an  effort  will  be  made  to  get 
together  representatives  of  all  independent 
producers  in  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia 
and  eastern  Ohio  f.c Ids. 

London 

Aug.  15 — In  contrast  to  conditions  at 
several  West  Australian  mines,  on  the 
Kalgoorlie  goldfield,  where  unsatisfactory 
methods  used  in  estimating  and  reporting 
ore  reserves  have  resulted  in  disappoint- 
ment to  officials  and  shareholders  it  is  a 
pleasure  to  consider  a  ca^e  of  opposite 
character,  the  mine  referred  to  being  that 
worked  by  the  Ashanti  Goldfields  Cor- 
poration, Ltd.,  on  the  West  Coast  of 
Africa. 

In  December,  1908,  the  chairman, 
drawing  his  figures  from  the  report  of 
the  consulting  engineer,  said  that  the  out- 
put would  increase  in  definite  steps  from 
£13,000  per  month  to  about  £16,000  early 
in  1909  and  to  £19,000  six  months  later, 
and  to  .£24,000  in  the  early  part  of  1910. 
'The  consulting  engineer  stated  in  his  next 
yearly  report  that  the  output  would  reach 
about  £39,000  in  the  month  of  June, 
1910.  The  output  for  June,  1910,  was 
£38,497. 

It  is  true  that  in  this  case  matters  were 
considerably  facilitated  by  a  fortunate 
improvement  in  the  results  from  devel- 
opment of  the  mine.  Nevertheless,  the 
realization  of  the  predictions  is  remark- 
able and  gives  a  feeling  nf  confidence 
that  the  further  step  to  an  output  of  over 
£40.000  per  month  will  eventually  be 
realized. 


42C 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


X      X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X     X 


)      Reports     of    New   Enterprises,    New    Machinery, 

sP2/\pI 

Installations,  Development  Work    and    Property- 

r-^^oVyl 

Transfers          The    Current   History   of    Mining 

^' "  .^^ 

Alaska 

Frank  P.  Skeen,  John  Lechner  and  L. 
F.  Shaw  have  bonded  their  quartz  prop- 
erties on  Falls  creek  to  John  A.  Nelson. 

J.  W.  Bishop  has  taken  a  90-day  option 
on  all  of  the  placer  claims  on  Mills  creek 
in  the  Sunrise  district,  and  proposes  to 
work  the  ground  by  hydraulicking. 

Peterson — Work  on  the  property  is  be- 
ing pushed  by  A.  T.  Holman,  who  has 
charge.  It  is  controlled  by  the  Alaska 
Consolidated  Mines  Company  of  Denver. 

Hillside — This  group  in  the  Prairie 
basin  has  been  bonded  to  an  Eastern 
syndicate  for  5100,000.  J.  G.  Oliver  is 
representative. 

Alaska  United — For  the  month  ended 
July  15  the  returns  for  the  Ready  Bullion 
and  "700"  mill  respectively  are:  Tons 
crushed,  19,540  and  15,650;  total  produc- 
tion, S45.561  and  S38.287;  net  operating 
profit,  820,200  and  SI 3,519;  yield  per  ton 
milled,  $2.33  and  $2.44. 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 

Shattnck- Arizona  —  L.  C.  Shattuck, 
president,  is  authority  for  the  statement 
that  the  company  will  consider  plans  for 
the  erection  of  its  own  smeltery  (350 
tons)  to  treat  ores  now  going  to  the  Cop- 
per Queen.  The  company  owns  a  site 
at  Douglas. 

Gila  County 

National — Work  at  the  property  is  un- 
der full  sway,  due  to  the  order  received 
from  Boston  to  crosscut  as  speedily  as 
possible  to  the  Black  Hawk  vein  on  the 
new  level,  778  ft.  from  the  collar  of  the 
Williams  shaft.  Supt.  H.  W.  Woodward 
now  has  the  entire  force  at  work  cutting 
out  a  station  on  the  north  side  of  the 
shaft.  The  crosscut  will  be  50  ft.  in 
length  before  it  strikes  the  vein.  Should 
tfie  new  exploitation  show  up  nothing  but 
the  heavily  iron-stained  vein  matter 
as  above,  the  work  will  in  all  probability 
be  continued  in  sinking  the  shaft  to  a 
greater  depth  and  the  establishment  of  a 
new  level  100  or  150  ft.  lower  down. 

Superior  &  Boston — Development  is 
still  being  carried  on  in  the  McGaw  shaft, 
the  weekly  progress  amounting  to  20  ft.; 
the  depth  is  about  825  ft.  The  formation 
in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  is  a  shattered, 
silicious  limestone.  Shipments  of  40 
tons  of  10  per  cent,  copper  ore  are  being 
made  to  the  Old   Dominion. 

Arizona  Commercial — The  balance  sheet 
of  June  ,30,  1910,  which  was  filed  in  con- 
nection with  the  listing  of  the  $1,000,000 


6  per  cent,  convertible  bonds,  shows  a 
surplus  of  cash  and  accounts  receivable 
of  $324,000,  in  addition  to  which  the 
company  has  on  hand  supplies  to  the 
amount  of  $70,003. 

Live  Oak — The  underground  workings 
at  this  property  were  mostly  on  the 
third  level  of  the  vertical  shaft,  290 
ft.  deep,  when  the  present  manage- 
ment began  work,  but  were  not  connected 
with  the  surface  tunnel,  by  about  200 
ft.  This  connection  was  afterward  made 
and  several  other  drifts  and  cross  drifts 
run.  There  is  at  present  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  4000  ft.  of  development  work  on 
this   level. 

Maricopa  County 

Desert — This  mill,  erected  about  14 
months  ago,  near  Phoenix,  but  never 
operated,  will  be  started  Oct.  1  with  10 
stamps,  by  Benjamin  F.  Hall,  of  New 
York,  and  associates. 

Pima  County 

Imperial — The  reported  sale  to  the 
Phelps-Dodge  interests  of  the  Imperial 
properties  and  the  projected  railroad  to 
the  Gulf  of  California,  controlled  by  the 
Development  Company  of  America,  is  not 
confirmed  at  the  New  York  offices  of 
either  company.  The  Imperial  smelting 
plant  is  temporarily  closed  owing  to  the 
low  price  of  copper. 

Yavapai  County 

On  Aug.  4,  rich  copper  sulphide  ore, 
carrying  silver  and  gold,  was  encountered 
at  413  ft.  in  the  east  crosscut  on  the  700- 
ft.  level.  Work  at  this  mine  is  being 
confined  chiefly  to  the  700  level,  where 
two  headings  are  driving  toward  the 
north  and  west  faults.  The  mine  is  at 
Jerome. 

Yuma  County 

Clara  ConsolidatedShiLft  No.  5,  at 
Swansea,  is  down  170  ft.,  and  is  being 
sunk  at  the  rate  of  5  ft.  per  day.  This 
shaft  is  being  sunk  on  a  drill  hole  that 
encountered  ore  at  250  ft.  Drill  hole  No. 
7  is  now  being  sunk.  Underground  de- 
velopment consists  chiefly  in  blocking 
out  ore  for  stoping.  A  steam-hoisting 
plant  of  175-horsepower  capacity  is  being 
erected  over  shaft  No.  5.  Work  on  sur- 
face consists  of  erecting  a  300-ton  sam- 
pler. 

Miidersbaiigh — Work  is  being  rushed  on 
this  property,  8  miles  soutli  of  Bouse, 
and  shipments  of  15  to  20  tons  of  copper 
ore  are  daily  being  made  to  Swansea 
This  property  was  purchased  by  George 
Mitchell  about  two  weeks  ago.  Develop- 
ment consists  chiefly  of  two  shafts,  110 
and  85  ft. 


California 

Amador  County 

Gold  King — This  company  has  pur- 
chased the  Climax  mine  at  Pine  Grove. 
Development  will  be  done.  P.  B.  Aiken 
is  superintendent. 

Climax — Eastern  men  have  become  in- 
terested in  this  mine  near  Pine  Grove  and 
will   sink   to    1000    feet. 

Dane  &  Mitchell — Operations  on  this 
mine  near  Pine  Grove  have  been  tem- 
porarily stopped  until  more  money  is 
furnished. 

Butte  County 

Butte  King—G.  W.  Braden  and  Z.  G. 
Graham  have  commenced  development  on 
this  mine,   17  miles  from  Stirling,  where 
they    have    uncovered    a    large    body    of     | 
cement  gravel.  I 

Hazleton — Work  will  be  resumed  on 
this  property  at  Forbestown,  and  the 
new  tunnel  extended. 

Mammoth  Channel — Machinery  is  be- 
ing installed  at  this  mine  near  Magalia. 

Tunnel — A  contract  has  been  let  by  W. 
E.  Oddie  of  Oroville  for  a  200-ft.  tunnel 
at.  Horseshoe  Bend  on  Middle  fork  of 
Feather  river.  By  turning  the  water 
through  this,  1380  ft.  of  river  bed  will 
be  bared  so  the  gravel  may  be  mined. 
Calaveras  County 

Chaparral  Hill — In  this  mine  on  Carson 
hill  at  Irvine,  F.  G.  Stevenot,  manager,  a 
wide  vein  has  been  cut,  5  ft.  of  which 
shows  free  gold.  The  property  is  owned 
by  M.  C.  Meeker.  Exploration  has  been 
going  on  for  four  years. 

Lightner — This  company  at  Angels, 
which  has  been  closed  for  nine  months, 
has  applied  for  permission  to  use  a  por- 
tion of  Main  street  for  a  main  shaft  aid 
machinery.  ,    A 

Eldorado  County  ■   § 

Pocahontas  and  La  Moyle — These  old 
mines  at  Logtown  have  been  consolidated 
and   bonded.     The   ore    from   the    Poca- 
hontas  will   be   milled   at  the   La   Moyle    ■ 
mill.     F.   H.  Staples  is  superintendent. 

Lady  Edner — L.  S.  Woodberry  is  run- 
ning a  900-ft.  tunnel  at  Grizzly  Flat  to 
work  cement  gravel  in  the  deep  channel. 
The  tunnel  will  reach  the  Borealis  claim, 
which  is  also  to  be  worked. 

Union— This  mine,  at  Eldorado,  has 
been  started  up.  Work  will  be  done 
tlirough  the  Springfield  shaft. 

Encinal — In  this  claim,  near  Grizzly 
Flat,  a  body  of  pay  gravel  has  been  cut. 

Fresno  County 
Fresno  Magncsitc  Company — The  com- 


August  27,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


429 


pany  is  installing  a  400-ton  rock  crusher, 
45-horsepower  gas  engine,  dynamo, 
motors  and  erecting  two  new  bins  having 
300  tons  capacity.  A  tunnel,  300  ft.  in 
length,  is  being  driven  to  open  the  ore- 
bodies  at  a  lower  level  in  addition  to  the 
magnesite  quarry  now  operated.  The 
Santa  Fe  railroad  is  building  a  branch  to 
the  mine  from  Reedly,  19  miles  distant. 
F.  S.  Bochler  is  manager.  Other  mines 
in  the  Kingsriver  district  will  be  stimu- 
lated from  the  new  railroad.  Much  activ- 
ity is  noticeable  in  the  Hughes  Creek, 
Pineflat  and  Eagle  Peak  mining  districts. 

Inyo  County 
More    activity    is    predicted     for    the 
Bishop  district  through  the  efforts  of  C. 
P.  Watson.     A  diamond  drill  will  be  used 
in  prospecting  that  section. 

Mariposa  County 

Frank  McMasters  and  Daniel  Buckley 
have  taken  out  a  pocket  of  S5000  from 
ground  leased  from  the  Mariposa  Com- 
mercial and  Mining  Company.  The  claim 
is  near  the  Josephine  mine,  not  far  from 
Bagby. 

Mother  Lode — Active  operations  have 
commenced  by  this  company  six  miles 
west  of  Coulterville  between  the  Penon 
Blanco  and  the  McAlpine  mines. 

Mono  County 
Helseley — This  group  of  claims,  six 
miles  from  Oasis,  are  being  developed, 
and  sun'eys  are  being  made  for  power 
on  Cottonwood  creek  for  a  lO-stamp  mill 
which  will  be  built. 

Nevada  County 

Prudential — A  gasolene  engine  has 
been  purchased  as  there  is  a  scarcity  of 
water  for  power.  The  lower  workings 
will  be  unwatered. 

Gaston — This  mine,  formerly  known  as 
the  California,  at  Gaston,  is  being  re- 
opened and  the  old  w-orks  are  being 
pumped  out. 

Wisconsin — This  abandoned  mine  at 
Graniteville  is  about  to  be  pumped  out 
and  reopened.  Manager  Fred  Medlin  is 
putting  in  new  machinery  and  erecting 
buildings. 

Plumas  County 

Haskell  Peak^At  this  mine,  Clio,  at 
the  end  of  the  700-ft.  tunnel  the  men  are 
working  in  pay  gravel. 

Consolidated  This  company  has  taken 
under  bond  the  five  claims  of  Joseph  Pep- 
pin  and  the  Caldwell  group  of  six  claims 
owned  by  J.  A.  Hall,  at  Granite  Basin. 

Colorado 

Lake  County — Leadville 
Yak — Word  has  just  been  received  that 
600  ft.  below  the  tunnel,  and  in  the  Cam- 
brian quartzite,  the  Silver  Cord  oreshoot 
has  been  opened,  in  a  body  of  ore  in 
some  places  30  ft.  wide,  yielding  S50  per 
ton.  This  was  at  1300  ft.  below  the  sur- 
face. 


l.ovejoy — Lessees  of  this  property  are 
shipping  about  400  tons  of  ore  per 
month,   yielding   high   in  gold. 

Saguache  County 
Kortright — This    company.    Dr.    A.    E. 
Kortright,  manager,  has  completed  a  25- 
ton  ore-dressing  plant  at  Bonanza. 

San  Juan  District 
San  Antonio — Word  comes  from  the 
Red  Mountain  district,  between  Ouray 
and  Silverton,  that  the  company  has  made 
a  strike  in  its  Carbon  Lake  claim,  Ouray 
county,  of  600-oz.  silver-copper  ore.  The 
property  is  worked  from  the  Kohler 
2800-ft.  tunnel,  at  a  depth  of  500  ft. 
below  the  surface.  The  company  is  ship- 
ping regularly  to  Durango. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
Midget-Bonanza — Aug.  13,  the  cy- 
anide mill  was  struck  by  lightning  and 
entirely  deshroyed,  the  loss  being  about 
S150,000,  with  no  insurance.  The  plant 
was  in  the  saddle  between  Mineral  and 
Carbonate   hills. 

Cripple  Creek  Homestake — The  small- 
er of  the  two  mills  erected  by  this  de- 
funct concern  is  being  examined,  and 
if  found  satisfactory,  will  be  purchased 
and  reopened  as  a  custom  mill.  Its  ca- 
pacity is  rated  at   100  tons  per  day. 

Blue  Bird — The  shipments  for  August 
were  the  heaviest  for  many  months,  and 
if  is  stated  that  the  Keegan  lease  is  ship- 
ping 5-oz.  gold  ore. 


Idaho 

Coeur  d'Alene  District 
A  smeltery  built  to  use  soft  coal  instead 
of  coke  has  made  a  test  run  at  Enaville, 
near  Wallace. 

Hercules — A  new  electric  hoist  of  100- 
h.p.  and  having  a  lifting  capacity  of  1000 
ft.  will  be  installed  to  supplant  the  pre- 
sent air-driven  hoist.  The  new  hoist  is 
of  the  double-drum  type. 

Gold  Hunter — The  company  will  in- 
stall a  S7000  electric  hoist  to  be  used  in 
sinking  the  shaft.  The  shaft  is  down 
200  ft.  from  the  main  tunnel  and  will 
ultimately  be  carried  to  the  1000-ft. 
level. 


Indiana 

Blackford  County 
Indiana  oilfields  for  the  week  show  a 
perceptible  decline  in  completed  wells, 
but  in  new  production  there  is  a  satisfac- 
tory increase.  There  were  nine  wells 
completed  with  only  one  di7  hole. 

Clay  County 
Several   acres   of  ground,   including  a 
number  of  dwellings,  went  down  in  a  re- 
cent cave  at  the  Bogle  mine,  near  Brazil. 
Gibson  County 
The  miners  of  the  Peacock  Coal   and 
Mining  Company,  at  Wassey  mines,  are 
on   a   strike   over  the   price   paid    for   re- 
moving draw  slate  that  is  above  the  coal. 


Vermilion  County 
The    advent    of    the     Steel     Corpora- 
tion into  this  field  is  regarded  as  promis- 
ing much  for  the  development  of  the  field. 

Kentucky 

Southern  Onyx  Company — This  com- 
pany, of  Boston,  F.  D.  Gallupe,  manager, 
will  operate  an  onyx  quarry  near  Glas- 
gow Junction. 


Kansas 

Eureka — This  company  is  sinking  its 
shaft  and  installing  a  new  pump  to  fur- 
nish water  for  the  plant. 

Peacock  Valley — This  company  has  en- 
tirely suspended  operations  at  Peacock 
on  account  of  the  cave.  All  the  mills 
were  thrown  out  of  line  and  one  had  to 
be  removed  entirely.  The  plan  is  to  re- 
build one  mill  to  the  south  of-  the 
workings  and  mill  all  the  ore  from  the 
mines  on  that  plant.  The  pumps  are 
down  and  what  work  is  done  in  the  future 
will  be  largely  opencut  work. 

Maryland 
Linganore — This  company  is  develop- 
ing a  copper  property  near  Monrovia, 
Frederick  county.  Thomas  A.  Dunshee 
is  in  charge.  The  property  will  be  equip- 
ped with  drills  and  a  mill. 


Michigan 

Copper 
Interest  is  again  reviving  in  the  Bear 
Lake  section,  six  miles  north  of  Hancock. 
This  section  lies  to  the  northwest  of 
what  is  popularly  regarded  as  the  limit 
of  mineralization,  but  exploratory  work 
has  been  carried  on  intermittently  there 
for  10  or  15  years  and  some  fine  speci- 
mens of  copper  rock  have  been  found. 
Options  have  been  taken  on  a  large  acre- 
age there,  and  it  is  possible  that  diamond 
drilling  may  begin  next  spring,  or  even 
this  fall. 

Superior— No.  1  shaft  is  at  the  15th 
level  and  a  crosscut  will  soon  be  started. 
No.  2  shaft  is  sinking  below  750  ft.  and 
at  the  600-ft.  level  drifting  is  under  way. 

Algomah — The  mine  has  encountered 
native  copper  with  the  ore  in  the  bottom 
of  its  shaft  at  35  ft.  Diamond  drilling 
will  be  started. 

Wolverine — The  company  has  un- 
covered the  Osceela  lode  in  its  surface 
trenching  and  it  is  very  likely  a  shaft  will 
be  started  to  open  this  formation.  This 
company  has  70  acres  traversed  by  this 
lode  and  a  depth  of  KSOO  ft.  can  be 
reached  before  the  boundary  lines  are 
reached. 

Arcadian — This  company  has  exposed 
by  trenching  the  lode  recently  revealed 
by  drill  cores  on  section  17  and  for  the 
distance  opened  it  showsgood  mineraliaa- 
tion.  A  drill  is  going  down  to  cut  the 
.Arcadian  lode  at  2000  feet. 


430 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


Keweenaw — The  shaft  on  the  Kearsarge 
lode  is  down  350  ft.  and  is  entirely  in 
the  lode. 

Wvando' — The  company  continues 
driving  tne  ciosscut  from  the  700- ft.  level 
of  its  exploratory  shaft.  Another  copper- 
bearing  lode  was  encountered  showing  a 
small  amount  of  copper  on  the  hanging- 
wall  side.  It  is  not  likely  that  any  open- 
ing will  be  done  on  this  formation  at  the 
present  and  the  crosscut  will  continue  on 
t.j  wa"  and  is  now  in  proximity  to  where 
the  Baltic  may  be  expected  to  lie. 

Iron 
Newport — The  Bonnie  shaft  has  been 
shut  down  pending  improvements  in  tim- 
bering, etc.,  which  will  take  three  or  four 
months.  At  the  "D"  shaft  a  record  hoist 
was  recently  made;  622  skips,  containing 
in  all  5421  tons,  being  hoisted  in  the  two 
10-hour  shifts.  The  majority  of  this 
hoist  was  from  a  depth  of  more  than 
2000  ft.  The  total  of  this  shaft  alone 
for  a  week  was  in  excess  of  25,000  tons. 


Missouri 

The  Webb  City  lead  smeltery  being 
built  at  a  cost  of  about  375,000  will  be  in 
operation  Nov.  1.  George  W.  Moore,  of 
"Webb  City,  is  president. 

Herald— It  is  reported  that  W.  L. 
Kramer  has  bought  this  property  and  that 
ne  will  sink  a  vertical  two-compartme:it 
shaft  to  take  the  place  of  the  incline  and 
build  a  500-ton  mill. 

Jackson — This  company  from  Jackson, 
Mich.,  is  building  a  300-ton  mill  on  the 
lease  on  the  Mattes  Brothers'  land  south- 
east of  Joplin.  Charles  Hart,  of  Joplin, 
is  manager. 

Mattes  Brothers — This  company  is  now 
furnishing  dirt  to  the  mill  from  four 
shafts.  Two  new  shafts  have  been  con- 
nected with  the  mill  with  trams. 

Ohio — This  company  has  bought  the 
fee  of  the  Cardinal  forty  east  of  Joplin 
from  the  Conqueror  Trust  Company  for 
517,500,  and  the  fee  of  a  large  tract  of 
land  south  of  Joplin  for  520,000.  The 
company  is  incorporated  for  SIOO.OOO, 
and  the  main  stockholders  are  S.  A.  Mc- 
Manigal  and  Dr.  W.  J.  Means,  of  Colum- 
bus, O.  Fred  W.  Kelsey,  of  Joplin,  is 
local  manager. 


Minnesota 

Hudson — The  first  train  load  of  ore 
has  just  been  shipped  from  this  Aurora 
mine.  This  is  an  open-pit  mine. 
McArthur  Brothers  are  at  work  on  the 
stripping  contract. 

Kennedy — The  Rogers  Brown  Ore 
Company  will  soon  ship  from  the  stock 
pile  at  this  mine  at  Deerwond. 

Shenango  Furnace  Company — The 
company  has  recently  let  the  contract  for 
a  large  fireproof  drier  to  be  built  at  the 
Webb  mine  Improvements  in  the  way 
of  machinery  will  also  be  added. 


Montana 

Butte  District 
A  naconaa — Whil;  the  company  now 
owns  all  of  the  mines  of  the  various 
operating  companies  of  the  Amalgamated, 
tile  names  of  the  old  companies  are  re- 
tained and  constitute  the  several  depart- 
ments of  the  Anaconda  company.  At 
the  Tramway  mine  a  sump  is  being  sunk 
below  the  2000-ft.  station.  Mining  is 
being  carried  on  only  in  one  place  in  the 
Rarus  mine  and  the  ore  mined  there  does 
not  exceed  a  few  tons  daily. 

Broadwater  County 
Black  Friday — From  the  500- ft.  level 
considerable  ore,  averaging  S50  a  ton,  is 
being  shipped,  while  the  lower  grade  is 
being  held  for  concentration.  The  orebody 
is  6  ft.  wide. 

Etta  and  Ena — The  shaft  is  down  300 
ft.  and  a  car  is  now  ready  for  shipment 
at  this  property  in  the  Radersbtirg  dis- 
trict. 

Jefferson  Counts 

,  Amazon-Montana — At  a  depth  of  250 
ft.  the  management  states  that  a  4-ft. 
orebody  la'!;  been  opened  up  carrying  $27 
a  ton  e^old,  silver  and  lead.  The  vein 
w'li  be  drifted  on  its  entire  length  and 
crosscuts  run. 

Corbin  Metal — The  management  states 
that  on  the  500- ft.  level  the  crosscut  to 
the  lead  has  cut  Zyi  ft.  of  ore  carrying 
32  per  cent,  lead,  17  per  cent,  copper, 
SI. 40  in  gold  and  17  oz.  silver  to  the  ton. 

Lewis  &  Clark  County 

On  Thomas  Cruse's  East  London  mine, 
three  miles  south  of  Helena,  the  shaft  is 
down  140  ft.  and  a  crosscut  is  being  run. 
Difficulty  has  been  experienced  with 
water.  R.  H.  Kleinschmidt  and  others 
have  commenced  a  tunnel  to  tap  the 
Dorothy  and  Pyrrhotite  claims  in  the  Oro 
Fino  gulch. 

C.  C.  Cline  and  others  have  recently 
acquired  160  acres  of  placer  at  the  mouth 
of  Magpie  gulch  and  a  dredge  is  now- 
being  installed  at  a  cost  of  $100,000.  The 
ground  has  been  prospected. 

Lincoln  County 
Clark  &  Elliott  are  drifting  on  the  vein 
on  the  Buzz  Saw  mine,  at  Shaughnessy 
hill  and  have  just  completed  a  wagon 
road  to  the  property.  In  the  same  district 
John  H.  Town  intends  to  drift  another 
100  ft.  on  the  lead  in  the  White  Fan  mine. 
The  vein  is  from  35  to  40  ft.  in  width  and 
contains  5  ft.  of  shipping  ore.  the  re- 
mainder being  of  concentrating.  At 
Sylvanite  the  Lincoln  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany is  hauling  concentrates  to  Leonia 
from  the  mill,  which  is  running  with  three 
shifts. 

Madison   County 
Germania — James    Miller    and     Isaac 
Hanson  have  sold  this  property,  two  miles 
southeast   of   Rochester,   to    English    and 


San  Francisco  capitalists.  The  mine  con- 
tains low-grade  gold  values.  A  200-ton 
shipment  was  recently  made  to  Washoe 
for  test.     E.  M.   Hand  is  in  charge. 

Missoula  County 

Buffalo — At  the  annual  meeting,  the 
following  were  elected  directors:  O.  H. 
Linn,  S.  H.  Linn,  M.  H.  Linn,  Paul  Ger- 
ber.  J.  Flemming,  George  Dunham, 
George  Craddock  and  P.  J.  Conroy.  The 
property   is   in   the   Saltese   district. 

Triangle — The  company  .will  build  a 
100-ton  concentrator  at  Clinton  which, 
if  business  justifies  it,  will  be  enlarged 
to  treat  the  custom  ore  of  the  district. 
During  the  past  year,  a  700- ft.  crosscut 
tunnel  has  been  run  in  the  Clinton  mine 
and  a  large  body  of  low-grade  ore  dis- 
closed. 


Nevada 

Esmeralda  County 
Florence — After  two  years,  during 
which  the  company  has  been  cleaning 
up  the  old  lease  workings  almost  entirely 
above  the  350-ft.  level,  an  era  of  active 
development  and  production  from  depth 
is  being  inaugurated.  The  150-ton  mill, 
which  has  been  grinding  away  on  mis- 
cellaneous rock  averaging  not  more  than 
515,  will  be  operated  on  a  higher  grade  of 
ore  taken  from  practically  untouched 
stopes  in  the  upper  levels  until  ore  can 
be  blocked  out  in  the  lower  levels.  Indi- 
cations point  to  the  same  persistence  of 
values  in  depth  as  has  been  experienced 
by  the  Consolidated  company.  The  main 
shaft  is  widened  to  three  full-sized  com- 
partments almost  to  the  surface,  and  sta- 
tions with  two  100-ton  ore  pockets  have 
been  cut  so  that  ore  can  be  loaded  di- 
rectly into  2-ton  skips  and  automatically 
dumped  immediately  into  the  mill  bins. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah  ore  shipments  for  the  week 
ended  Aug.  14  were:  Tonopah,  3500  tons; 
Tonopah-Belmont,  1865;  Montana-Tono- 
pah,  1050;  Tonopah  Extension,  840;  West 
End,  325;  MacNamara,  120;  Midway,  50; 
total,  7750  tons. 

Tonopah — The  July  report  shows  14,- 
780  tons  milled;  average  value  $21.30; 
bullion  shipped  21,400  lb.;  concentrates 
shipped   125  tons;  net  earnings  $170,000. 

MacNamara — The  installation  of  a 
powerful  exhaust  fan  and  necessary  pipe 
cc<nncctions  has  enabled  the  company  to 
resume  work  in  the  raise  from  the  800- 
ft.  level. 

Tonopah-Belmont — Ore  shipments  are 
growing  each  month  and  it  is  announced 
that  increased  milling  facilities  will  be 
required  to  handle  the  output  when  the 
main  shaft  is  completed.  The  company 
has  a  60-stamp  mill  at  Millers,  but  it  is  in- 
timated that  another  of  equal  capacity 
will  be  erected  at  the  mine  at  Tonopah. 

Montgomery  -  Shoshone  —  Bullion 
amounting  to  $14,000  resulted  from  sec- 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


431 


ond  cleanup  tor  July.  Treatment  costs 
are   being   reduced. 

Tecopa — The  exodus  of  miners  and  the 
cancelation  of  orders  for  cars  indicates 
tl:i  cessation  of  activities  at  the  Tecopa 
Consolidated. 

Tonopah  Extension — The  completion  of 
the  west  footwall  drift,  after  running  950 
ft.  to  connect  with  the  westerly  workings, 
means  good  ventilation  and  the  resump- 
tion of  operations  in  that  part  of  the 
mine. 

Belmont — The  main  shaft  is  now 
widened  to  three  compartments  to  within 
175  ft.  of  the  surface. 

Bonnie  Clare — The  Las  Vegas  &  Tono- 
pah railroad  has  begun  construction  on 
a  one-mile  spur  from  its  main  line  to  the 
Bonnie  Clare  mill  ore  bins. 

White  Pine  County 
At  the  tungsten  mines,  40  miles 
southeast  of  Ely,  excavations  are  being 
made  and  timber  sawed  for  concentrating 
mill.  The  machinery  for  a  small  concen- 
trating mill  has  been  ordered.  E.  L. 
Fletcher  is  manager.  The  ore  is  mainly 
hiibnerite. 


Oklahoma 
Omaha-Petersburg — The    1000-ton  mill 
of   this    company    will    be    completed    in 
November. 


Oregon 
Baker  County 

Ibex — This  mine  is  being  examined  by 
E.  N.  Brigg  and  G.  N.  Start,  and  if  re- 
sults are  favorable  will  be  reopened. 

Iron  Dyke — Preparations  are  being 
made  for  the  installation  of  a  large  con- 
centrating plant  on  this  property  on 
Snake  river.  Frank  E.  Pearce  is  man- 
ager. 

Oroville — This  gold  dredging  company 
has  secured  a  bond  on  a  number  of 
claims  in  the  Sumpter  valley,  and  have 
commenced  work  to  test  them.  C.  W. 
Bigelow  has  charge. 

Lane  County 

Mayflower — A  force  of  men  has  been 
employed  repairing  roads  into  the  camp. 
The  work  will  soon  be  finished  when 
operations  at  the  mine  will  be  resutned. 
There  is  a  10-stamp  mill  on  this  property. 

Sunset — M.  F.  Wyatt  reports  finding 
a  rich  vein  of  ore  8  ft.  wide,  with  a 
2-ft.  pay  streak,  containing  gold,  cop- 
per, lead  and  silver. 


Utah 
Beaver  County 

South  Utah  Mines  and  Smelters — Ar- 
rangements are  being  made  for  a  better 
railroad  rate  on  ore  and  concentrates 
with  the  Salt  Lake  road.  It  is  under- 
stood that  mining  and  milling  operations 
will  be  resumed  the  first  week  in  Septem- 
ber. The  concentrates  will  be  shipppd 
to  the  International  smeltery.     The  mine 


is  reported  to  be  in  good  condition,  and  to 
have  some  3  per  cent,  ore  blocked  out. 
The  mill  capacity  will  be  from  1000  to 
1200  tons  per  day. 

Red  Warrior — Ore  has  been  followed 
from  the  surface  to  below  the  400- ft. 
level,  and  crosscutting  is  being  done  for 
the  orebody  on  the  500.  The  vein  is  4 
ft.  and  upward  in  thickness,  and  has  been 
opened  for  150  ft.  on  the  strike.  It  is 
silver-lead  carbonate,  mostly  of  ship- 
ping grade.  Some  spots  carrying  copper 
have  recently  been  encountered.  A  new 
ore  shoot  has  been  cut  on  the  400-ft. 
level  south  of  the  shaft.  Heretofore  all 
the  ore  developed  has  been  north  of  the 
shaft.  The  company  shipped  93  cars  of 
ere,  averaging  40  tons,  in  a  little  over  d 
year.  This  is  given  as  netting  approxi- 
mately S20  per  ton,  or  874,400  total  net 
smeltery    returns. 

St.  Mary — The  compressor  is  in  oper- 
ation, and  drifting  is  bejng  done.  The 
property  is  in  the  Star  district. 

Kint;  of  the  Hilts— Ore  running  high 
in  silver  is  reported  to  have  been  opened 
at  this  property  in  the  West  mountains. 

Iron  County 
Gold  Springs — The  first  cleanup  of 
amalgam  at  the  Jennie  mill  is  expected 
shortly.  Three  furnaces  for  assaying 
and  melting  gold  bullion  are  being  built, 
and  this  has  delayed  the  making  of  gold 
bricks.  A  pump  has  been  installed  to 
send  back  the  water  from  the  last  settling 
reservior.  The  vein  has  been  opened  on 
the  200-ft.  level  north  of  the  shaft  and 
carries  5  ft.  of  good  ore.  It  has  not 
been  cut  yet  on  the  400.  The  mill  is 
handling  between  60  and  80  tons  a  day. 

Salt  Lake  County 
Ohio  Copper — The  June  output  was 
about  1200  tons  of  concentrates,  which 
are  said  to  have  averaged  28  per  cent, 
copper.  The  returns  for  July,  probably, 
will  be  in  excess  of  those  for  June. 

Wasatch-Utah — A  new  tunnel  is  being 
driven  to  cut  a  vein  of  low-grade  gold 
ore.  Stoping  is  being  done  on  a  vein  of 
better  grade,  6  in.  to  1  ft.  wide.  The  two- 
stamp  mill  is  now  running  two  shifts  and 
handling  about  seven  tons  of  ore  a  day. 

Tooele  County 
Dry    Canon     Leasing — This     company 
has  shipped  a  car  of  ore. 

Consolidated  Mercur — The  damage  to 
the  water  system,  caused  by  a  recent 
cloud   burst,   has  been   repaired. 

Utah  County 

There  is  considerable  activity  in  the 
American  Fork  district.  Several  new 
properties  are  shipping. 

Comstock — The  tunnel  is  in  about  50 
ft.,  and  has  cut  stringers  of  carbonate  ore, 
carrying  lead  and  silver.  William  Green- 
wood is  superintendent. 

Vanfrcf— Leasers  are  loading  their 
third    car    for   s'^ipnient       Returns    from 


those  shipped  are  given  as  between  SI 400 
and  S1500  per  car.  Besides  lead,  the  ore 
carries  gold  and  silver.  A  number  of 
large  boulders  of  ore  weighing  5  to  10 
tons  each  have  been  marketed. 

Pacific — A  number  of  sacks  of  lead- 
zinc  ore  are  being  mined  each  shift,  also 
some  second  class.  It  is  proposed  to  put 
in  a  crusher  and  jigs  to  separate  the  lead 
and   zinc. 

Pittsburg  Consolidated — The  adverse 
claim  and  protest  of  the  Mountain  Lake 
Extension  company  for  title  to  Pittsburg 
No.  2  and  five  other  lode  claims,  on 
which  the  Pittsburg  company  had  applied 
for  patent,  has  been  upheld  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior,  confirming  the  local 
land   office. 

Bay  State — The  streak  of  silver-lead 
ore  encountered  in  the  tunnel  has  opened 
into  a  vein  14  in.  wide.  The  ore  is  of 
good   quality. 

Mountain  Dell — Ore  has  been  opened 
in  five  places  from  the  tunnel  level.  The 
company  received  net  smeltery  returns  of 
857.11  per  ton  on  a  car  of  ore  shipped 
recently. 

Miller — This  property  is  operated  by 
leasers.  The  Jones-Erickson  lease  is 
mining  3':-  tons  of  ore  a  shift.  A  50-ton 
car  has  just  been  shipped. 

Eudora-Bell — Quit  claim  deeds  to  this 
company  have  been  filed  with  the  coun'y 
recorder  at  Provo  for  the  following  claims 
in  American  Fork  Cation:  Silver  Bell, 
Red  Cloud,  Eudora,  First  Chance,  Mono 
and  Henrietta;  also  for  the  Silver  Bell 
and  Moana  mill  sites.  Development  has 
been  started. 


Washington 
Ferry  County 
Copper-Butte—k  contract  has  been  let 
for  the  driving  of  a    100-ft.   crosscut  on 
the   Toulon   property. 

Snohomish  County 

Chelan      Consolidated      Copper — This 
company  will  install  a  diamond  drill  on 
the  Red  Mountain  property.    J.  A.  Goul- 
den  of  New  York  is  president. 
Stevens  County 

Afapo/eon— Operations  at  this  mine, 
near  Marcus,  have  been  resumed  after 
two  years.  Machinery  is  being  installed. 
This  property  is  controlled  by  the  British 
Columbia   Copper  Company. 

Guarantee — Preparations  are  being 
made  for  development  on  this  property 
owned  by  Spokane  capital.  Frank  Earn- 
est is  president. 


Wyoming 
Albany  County 
Topeka — The    company    is    opening    a 
gold-copper   orebodv    in    the    tunnel    and 
will  ship  soon.     William  Benton  is  man- 
ager. 


432 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


Canada 

British  Columbia 

Arrangements  are  being  made  for  put- 
ting in  at  Nelson  a  10-ton  Murex  mag- 
netic concentration  plant.  Ernest  Levy, 
Rossland,  is  acting  in  this  matter  for 
Alexander  Hill  &  Stewart,  London  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Murex  Magnetic  Com- 
pany. 

Tyee — During  July  the  plant  treated 
4400  tons,  valued  at  545,000. 

Granby — Aug.  12,  fire  destroyed  the 
surface  works  at  No.  3  tunnel,  the  equip- 
ment of  which  handled  all  ore  mined  be- 
tween No.  2  and  3  levels.  Shipping  con- 
nections of  No.  3  were  with  the  Great 
Northern  railway.  There  remain  two  dis- 
tinct units  on  the  Knob  Hill-Ironsides 
part  of  the  big  property,  namely  No.  2 
tunnel  and  Victoria  shaft;  the  former 
ships  over  the  Canadian  Pacific  railway 
only,  but  both  railways  connect  with  the 
latter.  There  is  another  unit  for  ship- 
ment of  ore  from  the  Gold  Drop  mine 
side  of  the  mountain,  served  by  the 
Canadian  Pacific,  so  that  shipment 
of  ore  to  the  smeltery  will  be  inter- 
fered with  only  in  part.  It  will  be  prac- 
ticable to  continue  shipping  about  2000 
tons  of  ore  daily,  which  will  supply  four 
blast  furnaces  regularly..  For  some  time 
past  ore  production  has  been  approxi- 
mately 3000  tons  a  day.  Beside  crusher 
house  and  plant,  shipping  bins  and 
covered  approaches  from  mine  to  crusher 
building,  the  fire  loss  includes  machine 
and  blacksmith  shops  erected  last  year 
and  the  residence  of  Supt.  O.  B.  Smith. 
Preliminary  estimates  place  loss  at  SlOO,- 
000,  but  insurance  will  cover  part. 

Ontario 

Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Aug.  12  were:  Buffalo,  57,120  lb.; 
Chambers-Ferland,  64,000;  Crown  Re- 
serve, 148,000;  Kerr  Lake,  179,953;  La 
Rose,  258,580;  McKinley-Darragh,  157,- 
200;  Nipissing,  428,170;  Temiskaming, 
60,030;  T.  &  H.  B.,  62,900;  Townsite, 
64,000;  total,  1,480,043  pounds. 

Temiskaming  &  Hudson  Bay — The 
Ontario  government  hcs  made  an  impor- 
tant concession  to  this  company  in  the 
matter  of  royalties.  It  will  continue  to 
receive  15  per  cent,  on  low-grade  and 
concentrating  ore,  but  will  allow  a  re- 
duction of  .S3. 50  per  ton  for  treatment 
charges  on  all  ore  treated  at  the  mill. 

Millerctt — In  this  Gowganda  mine  a 
depth  of  200  ft.  has  been  reached  and 
shipments  of  ore  this  season  down  the 
Montreal  river  amount  to  304  tons.  Two 
cars  of  ore  are  ready  but  will  be  held 
until  they  can  be  sent  over  the  winter 
roads  to  Charlton. 

I.eroy  Lake — In  this  Gowganda  mine 
the  shaft  is  down  90  ft.,  at  which  point 
ore  containing  fair  silver  contents  is  being 
taken  out.     Some  drifting  has  been  done 


at  the  50- ft.  level  with  satisfactory  re- 
sults. 

Reeves-Dobie — The  discovery  of  a  10- 
in.  vein  showing  high-grade  ore  is  re- 
ported in  this  Gowganda  mine.  Founda- 
tions are  being  prepared  for  the  installa- 
tion of  a  concentrating  plant  with  a  capa- 
city of  50  tons  per  day,  the  machinery  for 
which  has  been  shipped. 

Foster — A  complete  plant  has  been 
ordered  for  this  Porcupine  mine.  A  20- 
ft.  dolomite  vein  is  shot  through  with 
quartz  stringers  containing  free  gold. 
Gold  is  also  found  in  the  wall  rock. 

Porcupine  Gold  Mines  Company — The 
stockholders  have  authorized  the  erection 
of  a  stamp  mill  at  Porcupine.  The  com- 
pany has  about  10  tons  of  ore  in  hand, 
reported  to  be  of  very  high  grade. 


Mexico 
The  Southern  Pacific  track  on  the  West 
Coast  has  been  laid  to  the  first  tunnel  up 
the  Santiago  river,  which  is  13  km.  from 
Yago,  Tepic,  the  present  operating  ter- 
minus. Between  the  end  of  the  track 
and  the  crossing  of  the  Santa  Rosa  river, 
a  distance  of  15  km.,  there  are  15  con- 
struction camps. 

Chihuahua 
The  Mexico  Northwestern  railway  has 
commenced  grading  on  its  branch  from 
San  Antonio,  on  the  main  line  of  the 
Chihuahua  division  to  the  silver  mining 
district  of  Cusihuiriachic.  This  line  will 
be  about  24  km.  long  and  it  is  expected 
it  will  be  completed  Jan.  1,  1911. 

Jalisco 
Magistral — Operations   at    the    Elmore 
plant  are  delayed   because   of  difficulties 
with  the  equipment  for  the  primary  con- 
centration. 

Mexico 
Esperanza — In    July    the    mill    crushed 
20,075  tons,  yielding  S184,915;  the  work- 
ing and   other  expenses   were   5102,172, 
leaving  net  875,722. 

Oaxaca 
The  supreme  court  of  Mexico,  at  Mex- 
ico City,  has  handed  down  a  decision  in 
favor  of  the  San  Juan  Mining  Company 
in  the  case  brought  against  it  by  Juan 
Baigts,  and  orders  the  title,  now  in  Mr. 
Baigts'  name,  transferred  with  the  phy- 
sical property  to  the  San  Juan  Mining 
Company.  The  decision  of  the  supreme 
court  also  gives  the  San  Juan  Mining 
Company  the  right  to  proceed  civilly 
against  Mr.  Baigts  for  damages  sustained 
while  he  was  in  possession  of  the  mine 
and  extracting  therefrom  its  ores.  It  is 
alleged  that  Mr.  Baigts  took  from  the 
mine  ore  to  the  value  of  1,024,000  pesos. 
He  was  in  possession  of  the  properties 
for  three  years.  The  case  grew  out  of 
the  deal  for  the  purchase  of  the  mine 
made  by  C.  A.  Hamilton,  at  the  inception 
of  the  Taviche  boom  in  1905. 


San  Fernando — A.  P.  Ennis  and  asso- 
ciates have  made  a  payment  toward  the 
purchase  of  these  silver-lead  mines  in 
San  Fernando,  district  of  Zimatlan. 
There  are  numerous  old  Spanish  work- 
ings, some  of  them  with  extensive  stopes. 
This  is  the  first  American  company  to 
work    in    this    section    of   the    state. 

Soledad — The  machinery  for  the  Sole- 
dad  mill  in  the  Totolapam  district  is  being 
moved  from  Totolapam  to  the  site.  The 
company  had  to  build  a  wagon  road  from 
the  river  to  the  mine  for  this  purpose. 
Freshets  have  caused  much  damage  to  all 
miners  in  this  section. 

Santa  Sofia  and  Catarina — In  the  Santa 
Catarina  camp  of  the  gold  belt,  the 
mountain  on  which  these  two  mines 
are  situated  has  suffered  a  land  slide, 
carrying  with  it  the  entire  outside  work- 
ings of  both  mines,  and  dumping  thou- 
sands of  tons  of  good  milling  ore  into  the 
barranca  600  ft.  below.  As  both  mines 
were  temporarily  closed  pending  reorgan- 
ization, there  were  no  casualties. 

Victoria-Tapada — This  custom  mill  is 
being  rapidly  completed.  The  two  batter- 
ies of  1200-lb.  stamps,  the  tube  mill, 
Pachuca  tanks.  Dorr  classifier  and  pulp 
thickeners,  and  the  motive  plant  are  com- 
plete. The  foundation  for  the  Butters 
filters  is  also  ready  to  receive  the  frames. 
The  company  has  just  completed  its  saw 
mill.  In  view  of  the  difficulties  en- 
countered in  getting  the  heavy  machinery 
to  the  mill  site,  Manager  Brill  deserves 
great  credit. 

San  Luis  Potosi 
Candelaria  and  Filosofal — These  lead- 
silver-gold  mines  at  Catorce  are  reported 
sold  to  Pablo  de  las  Santos,  of  Monterey, 
for    125,000   pesos. 

Sinaloa 
Culiacan  Development  Company — This 
company  has  been  incorporated  in 
Douglas,  .'^riz.,  to  work  by  cyaniding 
200,000  tons  of  tailings  on  old  dumps 
at  Culiacan.  H.  L.  Roper,  of  El  Paso, 
Texas,  and  Senor  Martinez  del  Castro, 
with  New  York  capital,  are  behind  the 
project.    The  tailings  average  S6  per  ton. 

SONORA 

John  Slaughter  is  beginning  develop- 
ment on  a  gold  vein  18  miles  east  of 
Douglas,  on  the  Mexican  border,  on  the 
San    Bern.-.rdino    ranch. 

Silver  Seal  Development —  C.  E.  Wen- 
zel,  of  Los  Angeles,  is  negotiating  the 
sale  of  the  Silver  Seal  mine,  Moctezuma 
district,  to  Duluth  capitalists.  The  price 
is  S55,000.  Fred  Colson  has  had  a  lease 
on  the  Silver  Seal  and  has  shipped  to 
Douglas  $48,000  this  year. 

El  Temblor  and  Antigua — Edmund 
Steindler,  of  New  York,  is  negotiating 
for  these  properties  with  English  inter- 
ests. The  mines  are  owned  by  the 
r-teindlers  and  Henry  C.  Carr,  of  New 
York.  They  were  purchased  last  Decem- 
ber.   Thev  are  in  the  Moctezuma  district. 


August  27,  I9I0. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


433 


X 


THE  MARKETS 


V^  fT 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Miner ala.  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


New  York,  Aug.  24— There  is  a  slight- 
ly increased  activity  in  most  of  the  coal- 
tnarket  centers,  arising  from  preliminary 
purchases  and  inquiries  for  autumn 
needs.  The  Eastern  market,  however, 
still  continues  quiet.  The  Western  and 
Southern  markets  are  more  active;  some 
sizes  are  in  strong  demand,  and  there  is 
a  greater  tendency  to  replenish  stock 
piles  for  future  needs,  especially  as  no 
settlement  is  in  sight  in  the  Illinois  field. 

Strike  Conditions — The  situation  with 
reference  to  the  striking  miners  in  Illinois 
is  practically  unchanged.  At  the  special 
national  convention  in  Indianapolis  the 
Illinois  miners  did  not  succeed  in  having 
their  action  officially  approved  by  the 
national  organization,  but  their  represen- 
tation was  strong  enough  to  control  the 
convention  to  the  extent  of  levying  an  as- 
sessment of  SI  per  week  for  each  mem- 
ber of  the  national  body  for  the  support 
of  the  Illinois  miners.  The  effect  of  this 
assessment  remains  to  be  seen.  It  is  pre- 
dicted in  some  quarters  that  many  will 
not  pay  the  assessment,  preferring  to  re- 
sign from  the  national  organization.  It 
is  also  within  the  bounds  of  possibilities 
that  the  Illinois  miners  will  formally  se- 
cede. Thus  the  section  of  the  country 
usually  supplied  by  Illinois  production 
must  continue  to  depend  mainly  upon  the 
Indiana  mines,  and  while  this  is  ample 
for  the  present  there  will  doubtless  be  a 
stringency  as  soon  as  cold  weather  en- 
sues. 

Coal-traffic  Notes 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  originating  on 
the  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Company  east  of  Pittsburg  and  Erie  for 
July  and  the  seven  months  ended  July 
31  were,  short  tons: 

Sovon 
July,  Months, 

1910.     ChanRP.       101(1.       Change. 
Anthracite 

Cf>al ms.S.ld  D.  is.sno    fi,391,nil  D.     3,1,838 

BUnmln-UH 

coal 3,14n.417  D.1'.K).2!I1  2:1.3.58.512    1.1.917.037 

Coke 1,1X18.270    1.  HSjm    8.278,953    1.2.308,173 

Total 4,771,937  D.123,332  38.028.476    1.4,221.372 


New  York 

Anthkacitk 

Aug.  24 — The  autumn  and  winter  trade 
is  beginning  to  show  a  slight  increase. 
The  market  is  fair  and  quotations  are  as 
follows: 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
S4.65  for  broken  and  $4.90  for  egg, 
stove  and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 


bor points.  For  steam  sizes,  current 
quotations  are:  Pea,  $2.95r«  3.25;  buck- 
wheat, ,S2.150(2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or 
rice,  S].650i2;  barley,  S1.35fr;  1.50;  all 
according  to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor. 

BiTu.MiNOus  Coal 

The  Atlantic  Seaboard  soft-coal  trade 
still  continues  in  a  poor  condition,  the 
demand  hardly  taking  care  of  the  sup- 
ply, and  low  prices  prevail.  The  better 
grades  of  coal  seem  to  be  suffering  more 
than  the  lower  grades.  Low-volatile 
stearp  coals  can  be  purchased  at  S2.40f(( 
2.80,  according  to  quality,  f.o.b.,  New 
York  harbor  shipping  point.  There  is 
some  demand  for  slack  coal,  but  there 
is  no  demurrage  coal  around  to  help  out 
this  situation.  The  Western  situation 
with  reference  to  high-volatile  coals  con- 
tinues good.  The  strikes  make  a  short- 
age of  coal  in  that  territory.  Prices  are 
strong  with  reliable  coals  hard  to  pur- 
chase. Fairmount  ■'4-in.  coal  is  quoted  at 
$1  to  SI.  10;  slack  at  50c.  to  55c.,  f.o.b., 
mines. 

Transportation  from  the  mines  to 
destination  is  a  little  slower  than  sched- 
ule. There  has  been  a  slight  car  short- 
age on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad, 
but  that  was  only  temporary,  normal  con- 
ditions again  prevailing.  On  the  other 
roads  the  car  supply  is  equal  to  the  de- 
mand. 

For  coastwise  traffic  vessels  are  in 
good  supply  and  freights  low.  New  York 
harbor  quotations  are  from  50c.  to  55c. 
around  Cape  Cod,  and  70c.  from  Phila- 
delphia. All-rail  trade  seems  to  be  in 
a  slightly  better  condition  than  tidewa^ter 
business. 

Birmingham 
Aug.  22 — New  contracts  for  coal  are 
being  received  by  Alabama  coal  operators 
every  other  day  or  so.  There  are  orders 
for  coal  in  hand  that  will  warrant  a 
steady  operation  of  mines  for  some  time 
to  come,  beyond  this  year.  There  has 
been  some  talk  of  a  car  shortage  in  the 
Birmingham  district  but  railroad  officials 
say  they  are  prepared  for  any  and  all 
business.  There  will  have  to  be  greater 
shipments  of  coal  than  at  present  to  bring 
about  a  car  shortage  that  will  be  felt. 
Orders  for  coal  are  being  placed  in  this 
district  by  some  of  the  larger  railroad 
systems  of  the  South  and  Southwest. 
Confidence  is  expressed  in  the  ability 
of  the  operators  in  this  district  keeping 
up  a  steady  output  of  coal,  no  labor 
troubles  being  anticipated.  The  union 
miners    have    but    little    strength    in    this 


district  and  no  effort  is  being  made  by 
the  leaders  of  the  United  Mine  Workers 
to  organize  here.  The  production  for  the 
year  will  be  large. 

Palos  mines,  in  which  an  explosion 
occurred  May  5.  causing  the  deaths  of  90 
men.  are  again  in  operation.  Improve- 
ments suggested  by  the  State  mine  in- 
spectors have  been  made,  the  ventila- 
tion developed,  two  fans  now  being  in 
operation,  and  other  work  done  about  the 
mines,  making  them  as  safe  as  they  pos- 
sibly can  be.  The  company  has  received 
applications  from  a  large  amount  of  labor 
and  no  trouble  is  being  experienced  in 
getting  a  full  complement  of  help.  The 
coal  mined  at  this  place  has  always  been 
in  strong  demand  and  it  is  believed  that 
every  demand  will  be  met  right  along. 

Indianapolis 
Aug.  20 — The  mining  of  coal  in  this 
State  shows  little  or  no  diminution.  The 
mines  are  all  being  operated  at  full  time 
and  capacity.  There  has  been  but  little 
idleness  due  to  labor  troubles.  The  re- 
cent increase  in  the  price  of  coal  made 
by  the  retail  and  wholesale  dealers  and 
the  announcement  of  the  additional  in- 
crease on  Sept.  1  of  from  lO'a  15c.  per 
ton,  as  a  forerunner  of  other  advances  to 
follow,  had  a  tendency  to  double  the  usu- 
al number  of  orders  for  coal  at  the  mines 
during  the  last  week.  The  unsatisfactory 
conditions  in  other  States  continue  to 
make  an  excellent  market  for  Indiana 
coal.  There  is  some  complaint  on  ac- 
count of  car  shortage;  the  railroads  say 
that  the  crop  movement  has  set  in  and 
will  curtail  the  number  of  cars  for  coal 
for  a  short  time.  Mining  conditions  in 
Indiana  were  never  better.  The  oper- 
ators say  their  output  is  heavier  than  it 
has  been  for  several  years  at  this  time. 

Chicago 

Aug.  22 — The  current  demand  for 
steam  coals  is  strong  and  is  mainly  sup- 
plied as  heretofore  from  Indiana,  al- 
though there  is  something  of  an  increase 
in  the  sales  of  smokeless  owing  to  the 
expectation  that  prices  will  advance,  on 
Sept.  I.  On  current  sales  prices  remain 
about  as  last  week,  Indiana  coals  being 
quoted  on  cars  at  S2'<(2.15  for  lump; 
S1.90r„2  for  run-of-mine  and  $1,901/2.15 
for  screenings.  The  continued  high  price 
of  screenings  seems  another  indication 
of  the  fact  that  this  size  is  to  be  perma- 
nently in  greater  demand  in  the  future. 
Smokeless  coals  hold  firmly  to  the  list 
prices  of  S3.55  for  lump  and  $3.15  for 
run-of-mine,    Youghiogheny    remains    at 


434 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


33.22  for  34 -in.  lump  and  Hocking  is  in 
good  demand  and  is  strong  at  S3. 15. 

Without  a  resumption  of  shipments 
from  the  Illinois  mines  soon  there  doubt- 
less will  be  a  general  movement  to  ob- 
tain storage  supplies  from  other  mines, 
but  the  situation  is  yet  one  of  doubt  and 
many  users  of  coal  are  willing  to  hold  off 
placing  their  contracts  as  long  as  pos- 
sible because  of  the  expectation  that  there 
will  be  a  drop  in  the  sizes  of  coal  most 
commonly  used  as  soon  as  the  Illinois 
mines  are  again  producing.  No  storage 
piles  of  bituminous  coals  are  to  be  found 
now,  but  as  long  as  transportation  holds 
good  and  Indiana  mines  are  worked  to 
their  present  limit  they  will  not  be 
thought  needed  by  many  consumers.  The 
number  of  consumers  who  are  seeking 
to  contract  for  large  future  supplies  is, 
however,  increasing. 


Pittsburg 

Aug.  23 — The  decreased  demand  for 
coal  already  noted,  together  with  some 
slackening  in  Lake  shipments,  has  re- 
sulted in  cutting  of  prices  by  a  number 
of  interests,  and  this  week  mine-run  and 
114 -in.  are  both  5c.  per  ton  lower,  slack 
being  in  good  demand  at  former  prices. 
The  trade  is  somewhat  in  the  dark  as  to 
the  future  of  the  market,  owing  to  doubt 
as  to  the  outcome  of  various  labor  mat- 
ters, and  doubt  also  as  to  probable  con- 
sumption in  view  of  lessened  activity  this 
midsummer  in  industrial  circles.  We 
quote:  Mine-run  and  nut,  S1.15r(i  1.20; 
J4-in.,  S1.30;  domestic  i;4-in.  lump, 
51.45®  1.50;   slack.  70r((80c.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke — It  is  not  believed 
that  there  has  been  any  great  curtail- 
ment in  coke  output  by  reason  of  the  re- 
ported five-day  running  of  many  of  the 
plants  and  it  is  possible  that  some  re- 
ports of  weekly  production  unduly  ac- 
centuate the  reduction  which  has  oc- 
curred. The  idea  in  the  trade  seems  to 
be  that  production  has  been  reduced  by 
perhaps  5  per  cent.,  but  not  more,  in 
the  last  few  weeks. 

The  market  has  been  quiet,  and  just  a 
shade  easier,  as  sales  of  prompt  and 
September  furnace  coke  have  been  made 
at  Sl.fiO,  5c.  less  than  the  minimum  price 
quoted  in  the  last  couple  weeks.  There 
have  been  sales  of  prompt  furnace  coke 
aggregating  perhaps  75  or  100  cars,  at 
Sl.fiO  and  $1.65,  while  Corrigan,  McKin- 
ney  &  Co.,  have  bought  a  portion  of  their 
September  requirements.  They  were  in 
the  market  for  about  20,000  tons  monthly, 
September  to  December  inclusive,  but 
will  probably  cover  only  for  September 
at  this  time. 

Standard  grades  of  Connellsville  fur- 
nace coke  are  quoted  as  follows,  per  net 
ton  at  ovens:  Prompt  furnace,  SI.60r«! 
1.65;  contract  furnace  (nominal)  SI. 75 
'■^(1.85;  prompt  foundry  ,  Sa.lSfri  2.25; 
contract  foundry,  $2.25'*/  2.50. 

The  Courier  reports  production  in  the 


Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville  re- 
gion in  the  week  ended  Aug.  13  at  367,- 
273  tons,  a  decrease  of  39,000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  3781  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5381 
cars  to  points  west  and  898  cars  to  points 
east  of'  Connellsville,  a  decrease  of  239 
cars. 


St.  Louis 

Aug.  22 — Coal  is  scarce  and  prac- 
tically all  the  available  tonnage  is  being 
gobbled  up  by  the  railroads.  There  is 
beginning  to  be  a  heavy  demand  from 
dealers  throughout  the  country,  but  it  re- 
mains unsatisfied  owing  to  the  scarcity 
of  coal.  Domestic  sizes  particularly  are 
almost  impossible  to  obtain  owing  to  the 
fact  that  railroads  are  willing  to  take 
mine-run  at  a  good  price  and  make  the 
business  attractive  by  paying  almost  cash, 
consequently  operators  are  deaf  to  the 
call   for  prepared  sizes. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  so  many  mines 
are  running  mine-run,  screening  is  scarce 
and  the  price  advancing  to  SI. 10  per  ton, 
f.o.b.,  mines.  All  this  season  screening 
has  been  bringing  a  better  price  in  Chi- 
cago thun  in  St.  Louis;  today,  however, 
the  market  seems  to  be  reversed,  screen- 
ing being  slightly  higher  than  in  Chicago. 

Reports  from  the  Indianapolis  and  va- 
rious other  union  centers  are  not  at  all 
encouraging.  There  seems  to  be  little 
chance  of  any  settlement  being  reached 
during  the  next  30  days.  It  is  the  opin- 
ion of  a  great  many  that  a  desperate  ef- 
fort will  be  made  to  reach  an  agreement 
on  Sept.  1.  At  this  time  the  country  will 
begin  to  suffer  for  coal  and  unless  an 
agreement  is  signed  some  time  in  Septem- 
ber it  is  hard  to  say  what  steps  will  have 
to  be  taken  in  order  to  supply  the  demand. 

Current  prices  are  as  follows  for  the 
St.   Louis  market: 


Illinois,  Standard: 

Mine. 

St. 
Loui.s. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 

2-in.  lump 

.      SI . 80 
1.45 
1.35 

$2.32 
1.97 
1.87 

Screenings 

1.10 

1.62 

Trenton: 

Nut                                      -  .  .  . 

1.40 

1.U2 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 

3-in.  nut 

2.25 
1.75 

2/27 

Slaunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

1 .  70 

0   ■?•> 

1  ,  60 

2.  12 

1 .  50 

2.02 

1  .  50 

2.02 

Carterville: 

6-in.  luiup  or  okk 

3-in.  nul 

Mine-run  ... 
Sereenings. . 

1   00 
1  ,  50 
1  .  50 
1 .  25 

2.57 
2.17 
1.97 
1.92 

Pocahontas  and  .New  Kiver: 

- 

1.75 

•1.25 

1 .  50 

4.00 

Pennsylvania  .Anthracite: 

6.85 

Grate 

6.60 

Arkansas  .-Vnlhracite: 

Kirg  or  crate                     . .    . 

3 .  35 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 

5.  10 
4.00 

SniitliiuK 

4.15 

The  anthracite  market  has  improved  a 
great  deal  and  for  the  first  time  this  year 
all  sizes  are  in  strong  demand.  The  de- 
mand for  chestnut  is  strong,  both  locally 
and  in  the  country.  The  late  buyers  are 
now  beginning  to  be  heard  from  and  deal- 
ers report  that  they  have  all  the  business 
they  can  comfortably  attend  to  now.  The 
amount  of  coal  in  the  hands  of  consum- 
ers is  unusually  low  for  this  time  of  the 
year.  A  big  rush  is  anticipated  during 
the  next  60  days.  While  dealers,  of 
course,  expect  to  be  extremely  busy  dur- 
ing these  two  months,  yet  everyone  looks 
for  an  unusual  rush  this  season  and  it  is 
anticipated  that  the  average  dealer  will 
find  himself  swamped  next  month. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


Coal  in  India — The  production  of  coal 
in  India  in  1909  was  11,870,064  tons,  a 
decrease  of  899,571  tons  from  1908.  Of 
the  total  last  year,  10,660,844  tons  were 
mined  in  Bengal.  Exports  were  912,184 
tons;  imports,  483,972  tons.  The  coal 
consumed  by  railways  was  3,689,093 
tons. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  Aug.  13:  Best  Welsh  steam,  S3.96; 
seconds,  S3.78;  thirds,  S3.60;  dry  coals, 
S3. 60;  best  Monmouthshire,  S3. 54;  sec- 
onds, S3. 42;  best  steam  smalls,  $2.16; 
seconds,  SI. 92.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2' J   per  cent,  discount. 


IRON  TRADE-REVIEW 


East  St.  Louis,  111.,  prices  are  20c.  per 
ton  less  than  St.  Louis  prices  on  soft  coal. 


Neti'  York,  Aug.  24 — While  actual 
trading  is  not  much  improved,  there  is  a 
decidedly  better  tone  at  many  of  the  iron 
and  steel  centers.  The  market  has  un- 
doubtedly strengthened  in  finished-steel 
products,  though  no  large  bookings  have 
occurred.  Prices  of  finished-steel  pro- 
ducts are  for  the  most  part  unchanged, 
and  while  there  have  been  no  indica- 
tions of  advances  at  any  points,  there  are 
no  distinct  evidences  of  impending  de- 
clines and  on  the  whole  the  market  is 
holding   up   well. 

Pig  iron  for  prompt  delivery  has  been 
shaded  somewhat,  but  there  were  inquiries 
at  Pittsburg  for  much  more  iron  than  at 
any  period  in  several  months.  At  other 
centers,  the  market  is  decidedly  soft  and 
only  iron  for  current  needs  is  being 
ordered. 

There  is  a  moderate  demand  for  sheet 
bars,  but  the  finished-material  market 
lacks  snap  and  prices  are  being  shaded 
on  both  flat  and  corrugated  sheets. 

Iron-ore  shipments  which  have  arrived 
at  Philadelphia  during  the  seven  months 
ended  July  31,  amounted  to  912,345  tons. 
The  shipments  show  an  increase  of  348,- 
995  tons  over  the  corresponding  period 


I 


August  27,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


435 


of  last  year  and  543  635  tons  over  the 
total  of  1908. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore — Shipments  of 
Lake  iron  ore  by  ports,  season  to  Aug. 
1,  reported  by  Cleveland  Iron  Trade 
Review,  in  long  tons: 

Port.                     1909.            1910.  Changes. 

2,016.505  2.464,859  I.  44K.:t54 

K70,!l(il  1,T23.«77  I.  M5-J.91G 

l.Olil.187  2,-2:«,«W  I.  1.17'2.(i77 

2.570,110  3,8'J5.:««  I.  1.311l,l',« 

5,434.i:i5  7,441,488  I.  2,IHI7.:i53 

3,430,452  4.104,158  I.  6117.700 


Escuuuba 

Maniuotto 

.Ashlaud 

8up<Tior 

Dulutb 

Two  Harbors 

Xotal l.i.;iM,350    •>1,803,549    I.    0.468,109 

Ore  shipments  during  July  were 
6,945,289  tons,  a  gain  of  252,264  tons 
over  July,  1909,  but  a  loss  of  371,303 
tons  compared  with  June  of  the  present 
year. 


Baltimore 
Aug.  22 — Receipts  of  iron  ore  from 
Cuba  for  the  week  were  22,200  tons. 
From  Bombay  7000  tons  of  manganese 
ore  were  received;  also  550  tons  from 
Antwerp  and  44  casks  from  Hamburg, 
from  which  port  1329  blooms  and  13,315 
bars  of  iron  were  also  received.  Imports 
from  Middlesboro,  via  S.S.  "Venango," 
v.-ere  ferromanganese,  1350  tons;  ferro- 
silicon,  25  tons;  silicospiegel,  50  tons. 
On  .\ug.  15,  2446  tons  of  finished  iron 
and  steel  products  were  taken  by  S.S. 
"Otta,"  clearing  for  Cristobal,  Canal  Zone. 


that  the  inquiry  that  was  corning  gave 
signs  of  meaning  something  before  long. 
The  month  still  has  promise  of  going 
out  with  conditions  changed.  The  rail- 
roads are  moving  iron  promptly  in  this 
district  and  statisticians  report  that  there 
is  a  slight  reduction  of  accumulated 
stocks. 

The  steel  situation  shows  no  change, 
the  make  continuing  about  as  it  has  been 
for  the  last  four  weeks.  It  will  probably 
be  late  in  September  before  the  steel 
plant  at  Gadsden  will  resume  operations. 

Charcoal  iron  is  in  brisk  demand  again 
and  sells  at  S22.50r«(23  per  ton.  There 
is  not  much  accumulated  charcoal  iron 
in  this  district. 


Birmingham 

Aug.  22 — A  better  feeling  has  come 
over  the  Southern  pig-iron  market.  There 
is  an  improvement  noted  in  the  inquiry 
for  the  product  and  a  few  sales  are  be- 
ing made  that  indicate  that  the  customers 
are  likely  to  get  into  the  market  before 
long.  The  quotations  are  still  weak, 
SI  1.50  per  ton  for  No.  2  foundry  being 
given  as  the  minimum  by  the  manufac- 
turers and  brokers  while  rumors  prevail 
that  Sll  to  SI  1.50  will  be  accepted. 

The  statement  is  again  made  in  this 
section  of  the  country  that  the  manufac- 
turers could  dispose  of  a  large  quantity 
of  iron  were  they  willing  to  accept  $11 
per  ton  for  iron  or  even  accept  business 
for  next  year's  delivery  at  the  present 
quotations. 

The  cast-iron  pipe  makers  are  again 
said  to  be  sounding  the  market  with  an 
occasional  order  being  placed  for  a  few 
hundred  tons.  Cast-iron  pipe  makers  lose 
no  time  in  the  operation  of  their  plants 
and  new  business  is  coming  in  at  all  times. 

The  make  in  this  section  is  not  being 
changed  one  way  or  the  other.  A  fur- 
nace or  two  were  blown  in  a  few  days 
since  in  this  territory  but  it  is  announced 
that  a  similar  number  will  '■)e  blown  out 
for  repairs. 

Announcement  was  proclaimed  in  this 
section  a  few  days  ago  that  the  turning 
point  in  the  pig-iron  market  conditions 
had  been  reached  and  much  cheerfulness 
was  felt.  It  was  given  out  that  several  sales 
of  more  than  car  lots,  which  had  been 
the  rule  prior  to  this,  had  been  made  and 


Chicago 
Aug.  22 — Buying  of  pig  iron  and  iron 
and  steel  products  is  very  light.  The 
pig-iron  business  continues  to  be  almost 
wholly  in  small  lots  for  the  needs  of  30 
to  90  days  ahead,  and  prices  remain  as 
previously  at  Sll^V  11.50,  Birmingham, 
for  No.  2  Southern,  or  $15.35rr(  15.85, 
Chicago;  and  S\6.50f(i  \1  for  Northern 
No.  2.  The  situation  is  perhaps  a  trifle 
better  than  it  was  last  week,  for  inquiries 
have  increased,  but  the  record  of  actual 
sales  is  not  encouraging.  Users  of  pig 
iron  sp"'i  to  be  generally  of  the  opinion 
that  overproduction  is  continuing,  not- 
withstanding published  reports  of  cur- 
tailment by  the  furnaces,  and  that  prices 
are  bound  to  fall.  Furnacemen,  on  the 
other  hand,  profess  confidence  that  the 
decrease  in  production  will  soon  bring 
about  an  upward  movement  of  the  mar- 
ket. That  the  needs  of  the  local  melters 
will  be  large  for  at  least  the  next  six 
months  is  taken  for  granted.  For  iron 
and  steel  materials  there  is  no  activity 
except  in  wire  goods,  structural  material 
and  railroad  supplies.  Coke  is  in  fairly 
good  demand  and  the  best  Connellsville 
btings  S4.85  per  ton. 

Philadelphia 

Aug.  24 — The  only  activity  observable 
in  the  pig-iron  market  is  in  pipe  iron. 
Orders  for  good-sized  lots  are  hanging 
fire,  pipemakers  claiming  that  pipe  iron 
is  relatively  higher  than  forge,  foundry 
or  basic.  Forge  is  nominally  S15.25  for 
Northern  and  SI 4.75  for  Southern.  Basic 
has  weakened  25c.  according  to  today's 
quotations,  and  no  definite  transactions 
are  reported.  No.  24  foundry  is  lifeless 
at  $16.  Soft  No.  2  Southern  foundry  is 
offered  at  SI 4.75  but  the  better  grades 
are  preferred.  The  general  tone  of  the 
market  is  weak,  though  work  is  active 
in  the  manufacturing  plants  in  this 
vicinity. 

Sleet  Billets — Deliveries  on  old  orders 
are  being  made,  but  scarcely  any  new 
business  is  apparent. 

Steel  Rails — Outside  of  a  large  Mexican 
order  no  business  of  moment  has  been 
closed. 


Merchant  Iron — The  struggle  for  au- 
tumn business  has  developed  a  little  fur- 
ther shaving  for  carload  lots  for  which 
inquiry  has  been  made. 

Sheet  Iron — A  large  order  or  two  which 
are  virtually  the  renewing  of  old  con- 
tracts have  gone  to  the  mills  on  withheld 
terms.     Further  shadings  are  probable. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Orders  for  small 
quantities  of  pipe  for  quick  delivery  have 
been  placed.  Water  pipe  for  small  towns 
in  this  territory  is  wanted  before  cold 
weather.  Tubes  are  quiet,  with  no  orders 
reported. 

Plates — A  liberal  tonnage  from  car 
builders  will  be  placed  early  in  Septem- 
ber at  July  quotations. 

Structural  Materials — Apart  from  sus- 
pended inquiries  of  early  July  no  busi- 
ness of  importance  has  been  closed. 

Scrap — There  is  an  abundance  of  un- 
salable scrap. 


Pittsburg 

Aug.  23 — A  decided  improvement  in 
actual  inquiry  and  buying  is  reported  this 
week  in  several  quarters  in  the  iron  and 
steel  market.  A  steel  concern,  whose  ex- 
perience is  presumably  typical,  reports 
that  its  daily  bookings  so  far  this  month 
show  a  decided  improvement  over  the 
average  for  the  corresponding  days  of 
last  month. 

Pig  Iron — Inquiries  have  been  made 
for  a  total  of  over  50,000  tons  of  iron, 
the  largest  total  asked  for  at  any  time 
for  months.  There  are  inquiries  for  10,- 
000  tons  of  basic  for  a  Chicago  consum- 
er, delivery  over  the  balance  of  the  year, 
and  for  10,000  or  20,000  tons  for  a  St. 
Louis  consumer,  deliveries  running  well 
into  next  year.  There  is  an  inquiry  from 
South  Bend,  Ind.,  which  calls  for  10,000 
tons  of  basic,  7500  tons  of  malleable  and 
5000  tons  of  bessemer,  delivery  Septem- 
ber to   December,  inclusive. 

A  manufacturer  of  sanitary  ware  north 
of  Pittsburg  has  bought  2500  tons  of 
foundry  iron  for  delivery  to  Jan.  I,  on  the 
basis  of  $15.  delivered,  for  No.  2  iron, 
a  small  portion  coming  from  the  Valley 
furnaces  with  a  90c.  rate  and  the  major 
part  from  furnaces  having  80  and  85c. 
rates. 

For  prompt  delivery  foundry  iron  is 
quoted  at  $14,  Valley,  25c.  less  than  hith- 
erto quoted.  The  market  on  basic  is  not 
clearlv  established.  A  sale  has  been  re- 
ported of  1000  tons  at  $14,  delivered 
promptly  to  a  steel  works  down  the  Ohio 
river  from  Pittsburg,  which  takes  a  60c. 
rate  from  the  Valley  furnaces  and  a  45c. 
rate  from  a  nearby  furnace,  but  the  de- 
livered price  has  not  been  absolutely  con- 
firmed. Apart  from  this,  however,  it  is 
well  understood  that  $14  can  be  shaded 
on  small  lots  for  '---''■  delivery,  as  con- 
siderable iron  is  being  held  upon  bank 
loans  which  it  is  difficult  to  renew,  and 
we  quote  basic  25c.   less  than   hitherto. 


436 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


A  sale  of  5000  tons  of  forge,  delivery 
to  the  end  of  the  year,  has  been  made 
at  the  relatively  low  price  of  S13.35,  Val- 
ley, 40c.  below  previous  quotations.  Re- 
vised quotations  are  as  follows,  the 
higher  price  being  for  later  delivery: 
No.  2  foundry.  S14r,;j  14.25;  forge, SI 3.35: 
malleable,  S14.50;  basic,  SlS.TS'i/H; 
bessemer,  S15.25,  all  at  Valley  furnaces, 
90c.  higher  delivered  Pittsburg. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  is  dull, 
with  quotable  prices  unchanged  at  $39''<( 
39.50  for  prompt  and  S39.50r,/  40  for  for- 
ward, f.o.b.  Baltimore,  freight  to  Pitts- 
burg being  S1.95. 

Sfeei — The  market  has  been  quiet,  with 
occasional  buying  of  sheet  bars.  Prices 
are  not  quotably  changed,  remaining  at 
S24.50  for  bessemer  billets,  and  S26  for 
bessemer  sheet  bars;  S26  for  open-hearth 
billets;  $26.50r,/27  for  open-hearth 
sheet  bars  and  SZSrTi  29  for  rods,  all  f.o.b. 
maker's  mill,  Pittsburg    or   Youngstown. 

Sheets — There  is  a  moderate  demand 
for  sheets.  Prices  are  only  moderately 
steady,  at  S3  per  ton  off  on  black,  and  S5 
per  ton  off  on  galvanized,  as  regards  both 
flat  sheets  and  corrugated  material,  nom- 
inal prices  on  these  being:  Black.  2.40c.; 
galvanized,  3.50c.;  painted  corrugated, 
SI. 70  per  square;  galvanized,  S3.  Blue 
annealed  sheets  stand  at  about  SI. 70c. 
for  No.  10  gage,  the  nominal  price  being 
1.75  cents. 


J]|  METAL-  MARKETS  \\(S\ 


New  York,  Aug.  3 — Spelter  has  been 
the  chief  feature  of  interest  during  the 
last  week,  a  substantial,  unmanipulated 
rise  having  occurred  in  this  metal.  Lead 
has  been  rather  dull.  Copper  has  been  a 
trifle  weaker  on  business  transacted,  but 
apparently  this  reflects  nothing  but  tem- 
porary dullness,  the  basic  conditions  re- 
maining strong. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 

C.NITED     STiTE.S     GOLD     .\ND     SILVER     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

July  1910.. 

•■      1909.. 
Year  1910.. 

"      1909.. 

$    8-28.4.51 
16,H61.782 
.'i0,:i45,182 
80,496.119 

$10,282.M9 

3,269.886 

29,671,180 

23,406.478 

Imp.S  9,454,198 

Exp.    13,391,896 

20,674,002 

57.090,041 

Silver : 

July  1910.. 

■•      19119., 
Yi-ar  1910.. 

■•      1909.. 

6,124,471 

.5,049,.3G6 

.■)2.178,6K9 

34,409.032 

3,794.888 

3.916.117 

25,096,408 

20,788,145 

Exp.      1,329,583 
1,133.249 

6,482,281 
7,620,887 

KxpnrtB  fiDin  the  pnit  of  N'i'w  York,  wppk 
pntlcrt  Aiii;.  'Jii :  Cold,  SKiii.iiipo.  to  Hollvla  : 
silver.  $44i»,:!:!l,  cliietly  to  London.  Imports: 
(Jold.  $4.-'l."i.4i)fi,  almost  all  from  London  : 
silver.  .$.').'■), 841,  ft-oni  Central  America,  Spain 
and    Mexico. 


Gold — There  was  a  good  demand  for 
gold  in  London,  with  prites  for  bars  at 
77s.  9d.  per  oz.  as  usual,  and  76s.  5d.  for 
American  coin;  exportation  was  checked 
by  the  sharp  rise  in  sterling  exchange 
rates. 


Platinum — The  market  for  this  metal 
remains  quiet  and  prices  are  unchanged 
at  S33  per  oz.  for  refined  platinum  and 
S37.50r«38  per  oz.  for  hard  metal. 

Silver — The  market  is  without  any  new 
feature,  the  price  having  been  sustained 
the  last  few  days  by  China  buying.  Ship-' 
ments  to  London  during  the  last  fortnight 
have  shown  considerable   decrease. 


SILVER    AND    STERLING 

EXCHANGE 

Aug. 

18 

19 

20 

22 

23 

24 

Se-w  York.... 

London  

Sterling  Ex. . 

53          S3 

24!^      24,-, 
4.8620  4.8635 

52% 

24>, 

4.8665 

62% 

24% 
4.8665 

52% 

24'i 

4.8670 

52% 

24% 

4.8670 

New  Yorli  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver  :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver,  0.925  fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  Aug.  II,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell: 

1909.  1910.           Changes. 

India f3,841,)<00  £3,842,100  I.    £           300 

China 1,405.700  1,113,600  D.          352,200 

Straits 82.800  D.  82,800 

Total £5,390,300      £4.955,600    D.    £    434,700 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

, 

~£ 

ji 

^^ 

,S 

«r  ^ 

c 

■r  fc. 

es 

a~ 

u 

^^ 

?  c 

?S 

3 

< 

c    , 

So 

•2g 
3^ 

a 

ai 
S 

^5^ 
ooo 

5  a 
m  5 

12?, 

12.50 

4.271 

6.12* 

1« 

012% 
12% 

(©12.55 
12.50 

66« 

33% 

4.40 

©4.30  ©5.17J 

4.27J      5.15 

19 

(312% 
12 'i 

©12.55 
12.60 

56,', 

33% 

4.40 

©4.30  ©5.20 
4.27i      5.17J 

20 

rsi2% 

12?, 

©12.55 
12.50 

34 

4,40 

©4.30  ©5.22 
4.27ji     5.20 

22 

©12% 
12', 

©12.55 
12.50 

55}i 

34  « 

4.40 

©4.30   ©6.25 
4.27i      5.20 

23 

(S)12% 
12?. 

©12.55 
12.. 50 

55ft 

34% 

4.40 

©4.30   ©5.26 
4.27J      5.22* 

24 

©12% 

©12.55 

55/, 

34%' 

4.40 

©4.30   ©5. 27 J 

London  quotations  are  per  long  ton  12240 
lb.)  standard  copper.  The  New  York  quota- 
tions for  electrolytic  copper  are  for  cakes, 
ingots  and  wirebars.  and  represent  the  bulk 
of  the  transactions  made  with  consumers, 
basis  New  York.  cash.  The  prices  of  casting 
copper  and  of  electrolytic  cathodes  are 
usually  0.125c.  below  that  of  electrolytic. 
The  quotations  for  lead  represent  wholesale 
transactions  in  the  open  market.  The  quota- 
tions on  spelter  are  for  ordinary  Western 
brands :    special   brands  command   a   premium. 

Copper — During  the  week  of  Aug.  18- 
24,  the  market  has  been  quiet,  especially 
in  domestic  business.  However,  some 
moderate  sales  for  European  delivery 
have  been  made  from  day  to  day;  and 
these  orders  have  been  taken  at  slight 
concessions,  especially  for  early  ship- 
ments. The  halt  in  the  buying  for  do- 
mestic delivery  is  apparently  due  to  the 
fact  that  consumers  purchased  heavily 
during  the  first  half  of  the  month  and 
covered  their  requirements  for  the  im- 
mediate future,  and  the  markets  being 
generally  reactionary  this  week  they 
have  paused  before  making  further  con- 
tracts.    European  buyers  acted  in  a  sim- 


ilar fashion,  but  they  are  by  no  means  as 
well  covered  as  the  American,  The  ask- 
ing price  for  electrolytic,  by  most  of  the 
agencies,  remains  at  12.14c.,  delivered,  30 
days,  for  domestic  business,  and  at  £58 
10s.  c.i.f.  for  foreign  business,  corres- 
ponding to  about  12.601(7  12.55c.  cash. 
New  York,  and  if  any  important  demand 
should  develop  this  price  would  doubtless 
have  to  be  paid.  Producers'  books  are 
now  well  filled  and  in  consequence  there- 
of there  has  been  no  pressure  to  sell. 
Business  in  Lake  copper  has  been  rather 
small  and  has  been  about  on  the  basis  of 
12.'4c.,  cash.  New  York,  slightly  higher 
prices  having  been  paid  in  some  transac- 
tions in  fancy  brands.  At  the  close  Lake 
copper  is  quoted  at  125/^(fj  12;sC.andelec- 
trolytic  in  cakes,  ingots  and  wirebars  at 
\2.b0(n  12.55c.  Casting  copper  is  quoted 
nominally  at   \2li0i  IZ'/^c.   for  the  week. 

Copper  sheets  are  18ft  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

In  the  London  standard  market  there 
has  been  some  realization  on  the  part 
of  speculative  holders,  which  resulted  in 
a  gradual  decline  to  £55  8s.  9d.  for  spot, 
and  £56  5s.  for  three  months.  Refined 
and  manufactured  sorts  we  quote:  Eng- 
lish tough,  £58  5s.;  best  selected,  £59  15s. 
ft  £60  5s.;  strong  sheets,  £67  15s.ft£68 
15s. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Rothschilds  have 
ordered  curtailment  of  15  per  cent,  in  the 
production  of  Rio  Tinto,  Boleo  and  other 
copper  mines  controlled  by  them. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  5287  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1440  tons. 

Tin — In  the  London  market  the  bull 
party  is  having  it  all  its  own  way.  Trans- 
actions during  the  last  few  days  were  larg- 
er than  for  a  long  time  past  and  quota- 
tions advanced  easily.  The  strength  of 
the  market  is  ascribed  entirely  to  manip- 
ulation. No  support  is  forthcoming  from 
here  as  far  as  orders  from  consumers  are 
concerned.  The  latter  are  fighting  shy 
and  are  buying  only  when  they  are  com- 
pelled to  cover  their  requirements.  Up 
to  the  beginning  of  the  week,  they  were 
able  to  dp  so  at  below  the  importation 
point,  but  since  then  tin  in  this  market 
is  quoted  on  the  parity  of  London  figures. 
That  the  intrinsic  position  of  the  market 
is  not  a  very  strong  one  is  evideneed 
by  the  fact  that  the  backwardation  for 
three  months'  tin,  in  comparison  with 
spot,  is  becoming  ever  larger.  The  mar- 
ket abroad  closes  at  £157  7s.  6d.  for  spot, 
and  £156  2s.  6d.  for  three  months.  In 
New  York,  tin  for  September  delivery 
can  be  purchased  at  about  34-5^  (ff 34^ 
cents. 

Lead — There  has  been  more  activity, 
but  the  market  continues  uninteresting.  At 
New  York  the  price  remains  at  4.40c., 
and  at  St.  Louis  at  4.27ft4.30  cents. 


I 


August  27,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


437 


In  London,  Spanish  lead  is  firm  at  £12 
lis.  3d.,  and  English  at  t:i2  13s.  9d. 

Spelter — There  has  been  a  better  de- 
mand for  this  metal,  and  some  sub- 
stantial sales  to  consumers  have  been  ef- 
fected. As  stocks  in  the  hands  of  smelt- 
ers are  small  the  market  has  become 
strong  and  is  advancing.  It  closes  firmly 
at  5.22' jrr(5.27':.c.,  St.  Louis,  and  5.37)/; 
@5.42'jC.,  New  York. 

In  London,  good  ordinaries  are  quoted 
at  £22   I5s.,  and  specials  at  £23. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per   cent,    discount. 

The  United  Zinc  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany has  ceased  smelting  at  lola,  Kan., 
but  is  still  receiving  ore,  roasting  it  for 
operation  of  the  sulphuric-acid  plant,  and 
delivering  the  roasted  ore  to  the  Prime 
Western  Spelter  Company. 


Other  Metals 

Aluminum — There  has  been  no  change 
in  the  quotations  for  this  metal,  the 
price  for  No.  1   ingots  being  22 il  cents. 

Antimony — This  metal  is  quiet  and  no 
sales  are  reported.  The  price  remains 
the  same  as  previously,  i.e.,  8'4^'8?sc. 
for  Cookson's,  7"s''>8c.  for  U.  S.  and 
TACiiJHc.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — The  market  is  steady, 
large  lots  being  quoted  at  S46  per  flask 
of  75  lb.,  and  jobbing  lots  at  $47.  The 
London  price  remains  at  £8  12s.  6d.  per 
flask. 


Zinc  and  Lead    Ore  Markets 

Platteville,  Wis.,  Aug.  20— The  base 
price  for  60  per  cent,  zinc  ore  is  S39''a40 
per  ton;  no  premiums  were  paid.  Lead 
ore  is  strong  at  S5lr((52  for  80  per  cent. 
ore. 


SHIPMENTS.   WEEK    ENDED  .WC.   20. 
Camps. 


Zinc 
oro.  11). 

PlattBvlUe I,04e'...il0 

Galena 77H.47(» 

Mineral  Point 4h.~i,iii(I 

Hlcliland 21."i.lliKl 

Boiitfin 1WI.4IKI 

81iull8t)urg ra.lKHI 

CuhaClty 42.4110 

Rewoy 

Llndon 


Lead    Sulphur 
ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 


5O..')70       382.«U« 


71.IKK) 
85.6(K) 
60,800 


2.')7,870 


«2,.S15 

'  fio.rcio 

860,44.5 


Total 2,82«.!)10 

Year  to  date 67,8ol,4.'>6    6.700,364  15.240,510 

In  addition  to  the  above,  2,407,'382  lb. 
of  zinc  concentrates  were  shipped  to  the 
separating  plants. 


Joplin.  Mo.,  Aug.  20 — The  high  price 
for  zinc-sulphide  ore  was  S44  per  ton, 
and  the  high-assay  price  for  best  grades 
was  S41,  with  ores  heavy  in  iron  selling 
on  a  base  of  S41.50,  and  low-base  offer- 
ing at  S38  per  ton  of  60  per  cent.  zinc. 
Zinc  silicate  sold  at  S20'i/ 24  per  ton  of 
40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average  price,  all 
grades  of  zinc  ore,  was  .S37.54  per  ton. 

Lead  buyers  were  busy  this  week,  95 


per  cent,  of  the  shipment  of  the  week 
selling  at  .S50  per  ton,  with  a  few  carloads 
at  S51  and  a  small  amount  of  low-grade 
ore  under  S50.  The  average  price,  all 
grades  of  lead,  was  $49.88  per  ton. 

Today  extensive  purchases  of  lead  ore 
were  made  for  next  week's  delivery  at 
$51  per  ton  by  one  purchasing  agent,  and 
the  chances  are  favorable  for  a  further 
advance  before  the  end  of  next  week. 

Smr.MENTS.   WEEK   ENDED   AUG.    20. 


Zinc,  lb.  Lead  lb.    Talue. 


Webb  (_:ity-<.'arterviUc 

Joplin 

Duenweg 

Galena 

Alba-Neclt 

OrunoK* 

Granby 

Badger 

Si>urKeon 

Aiimi-a - 

Mlamlr. 

CarlluLKe 

Carl  Junction 

Qxiapaw 

Wentworth 


Tc  .tals  . 


5,G4'J,6tM 

1.085.000 

800  250 

871.840 

817.250 

57.'i.0O0 

800.800 

391, HWl 

400.4',10 

235,880 

437,0.30 

103,550 

145.200 

04.KI0 

40,1011 


OM.TllO 
41)4.050 
255,830 
86,230 
3.740 
2,130 
23.9(K) 
34.490 
30.1811 
69.500 


I3.44.>*,150    1,571.990  .$291.81 


$120,780 

50.297 

22.438 

19.154 

17..509 

10,988 

10,876 

8,884 

0,543 

6,483 

4, .583 

■.i.i:u 

3.049 

1.337 

lUO 


34  weeks 373,480.960  65,623,2(R1    $8,755.!>21 

Zlne  value,  the  week,  $252,010;  34  weeks,  $7,3:i4.292 
Lea<l  value,  the  week,     39,207;   :«  weeks,    1,421,229 

MONTHLY   .\VEK.\f;E   TUiCES. 


Mouth. 


January. . .. 
February... 

March 

April 

May 

Junt) 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

November.. 
December.. 


Year $43.98 


ZINO  Oke. 


Base  Price.     All  Ores. 


1909.    1910. 


$41.20 


$45. 

39. 
:i9 
39 
37 
37 
36 


1909.    1910. 


16  $52.17 

47    60.60 

1    .50.82 

33:  .55.63 


56.59 
67.52 
63.74 
67.60 
66.11 
66.02 
63.94 
55.26 


$94.60 


$.56.99 
53 .  64 
51 .20 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48.. 59 


Note — Under  zinc  ore  the  first  two  col- 
umns give  liase  prices  for  (10  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  the  second  two  the  aver;ige  for  all  f>res 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  nverape  for 
all    oi-es   sold. 


CHEM ICALS 


Nciv  York.  Aug.  24 — The  general  mar- 
ket continues  dull  but  is  growing  firmer 
in  some  specialties. 

Copper  Sulphate — There  has  been  no 
change  in  prices,  the  quotations  remain- 
ing at  .S4  per  100  lb.  for  car-load  lots 
and  $4.25  per  100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — The  price  for  white  arsenic 
is  S2.25  per  100  lb.  Few  sales  of  any 
size  are  reported  and  the  market  is  dull. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — On  a  fair  market 
prices  are  2.10c.  per  lb.  for  spot,  with 
futures  at  2.\2'  jOi  2. \5c.  Sales  are  not 
as  good  as  they  were  last  year  at  this 
time. 

Sulphur — Messrs.  Parsons  &  Petit  re- 
port the  importation  by  them  of  8.50  tons 
of  crude  brimstone,  arriving  at  New  York 
by  steamship  "Pert." 


/$<   MINING -STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Aug.  24— The  market  for 
the  stocks  of  good  standing  is  improving 
with  intervals  of  recession  as  the  "trad- 
ers" are  driven  to  come  into  the  market. 
Chino  and  Inspiration  were  stronger  and 
Ohio  Copper  felt  the  uplift  of  F.  Augus- 
tus Heinze's  return  from  Europe.  Co- 
balts are  mostly  unchanged  with  some 
losses.  On  the  whole,  the  market  is 
sounder  than  any  time  for  a  month. 

Boston.  Aug.  23 — Copper  stocks  have 
w^eakened  slightly  as  a  result  of  profes- 

COl'PEU   I'UODICTION   RErOHTS. 
Copper  contents  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


Company. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Arizona,  Ltd 

Balaklala 

Bolon  (Mexico) 

Copper  Queeu 

Calumet  \-  Ariz 

Cananoa  (Mexico).. 
Detroit 

2,610,000 
1,148,762 
2,735,680 
10,2,83,8.55 
1,778,000 
4,300,000 
2,035,639 
700,000 
0.164.493 
2,174,IH)0 
1,320,000 
2,270,000 
8,8i;2,913 
24,850,(X)0 
19,250,000 

2,802,000 
1,226,000 
2.115,314 
10,219,0.s7 
2,490,000 
4.280,000 
2,017,1X10 
800,0011 
0,186,832 
2,092,000 
1.528,000 
2,245,000 
8,358,490 
23,7.50,000 
18,000,00(1 

2.910,000 
1,100,1100 
2,272.000 
111,730,372 
2,705,000 
4,5(HI,(HH1 
1,800,000 

Nevada  Con 

0,896,429 

2,207.000 

Superior  &  Pitts 

Utab  Copper  Co 

2,224,000 
8,677,IK10 

Lake  Superior 

19,01H),(KX) 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars,  etc.. 
Imp.  in  ore  &  matte 

90,495,342 

24,85(1,919 

0,487,243 

88,l;iO,329 

211.817,978 

5,579,618 

Total 

121,8:«,604 

114,627,915 

Rutte  district  Jind  L;ike  Superior  li^ures  are 
estimated  ;  others  are  rejjorts  received  /rom 
companies.  Imports  duplle:ite  productlou  of 
Cananea,  and  that  ijart  of  Copper  Queen  pro- 
duction which  comes  from  Nacozari.  Boleo 
copper  does  not  come  to  American  refiners. 
I'lah  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
the   Boston    mill. 

ST.STisTics  OF  cnrrER. 


VIII,  1909.. 

IX 

X 

XI   

XII 


Tear... 


1.1910. 

11  

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 


VIII.  1909 

IX 

122,696,r,07 
135  196  930 

X 

\I 

XII 

I,  1910 

151,472,772 
I53,.509,620 
153,IHI3,B27 
141  706  111 

II 

Ill 

9H,4(;3,:)39 
107,187,992 

IV 

V 

VI..,; 

123,824,874 
141,984,1.59 
160,425.073 

VII 

168.;t8l>,017 

VIII 

nO,|->40,678 

United 

States 

Product'n. 


120,697,234 
IIS.023,139 
124, 11.57, 7ci'.i 
121,r.ls,3i.'.i 
117,828,6.55 


116,547,28- 

112,712,493 

120,1107,41 

117,477,(W9 

123,242,471! 

127,219,188 

118,370,003 


Deliveries, 
Domestic. 


59.614,207 
52,105,966 
66,3.59,617 
66,8.57.873 
69.519,501 


705,051  „591 


78,158,387 
60,618,322 
(■)2,S44,818 
67,985,951 
.59.305,222 
.53.3(>3,196 
66.708,176 


Deliveries 
for  Export, 


48,382,704 
60,077,777 
56,201,288 
.55,260.696 
59,540.670 


680.942.620 

81,691.67a 
37.369,618 
40..5S6.761 
31  332.434 
45.496.400 
65,895,948 
59,407,167 


VISIBLE  STOOES. 


United 
states. 


Europe. 


171,492,160 
197,993,000 
210,224,000 
222,560,400 
236,857.600 
244,204,800 
248,2:i6,8(HI 
2.54,1.50,400 
249,625,000 
210,870,400 
239.142,400 
2:12,892,800 
222,320,000 


Total. 


294.08a,7«7 
333,190.630 
;)01, 090,772 
376.076,026 
389.861,127 
:t86,970.911 
340,700,139 
361,3,38,393 
373,460,474 
388.854,659 
;)99.508,373 
401,278,817 
:)92.90O,G78 


l-'lu'iii-es  ni-e  In  pnonds  of  line  copper.  1".  S. 
prodiicliou  Includes  all  copper  rellned  in  this 
country,  both  from  d<uiiestle  and  tmporteci 
material.  Visible  stocks  are  those  reported 
on  (he  first  day  of  each  month,  as  hroupht 
over  from   the  iirecedlnjr  month. 


438 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


August  27,  1910. 


sional  liquidation.  Nevertheless,  the  mar- 
ket bears  a  good  tone  with  no  outside 
pressure  to  sell.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
is  very  little  commission-house  buying. 
Indiana  had  a  sharp  upward  movement 
on  expected  favorable  mine  developments. 
This  stock  is  about  the  strongest  of  the 
Boston  list.  Butte  &  Ballaklava  de- 
clined and  touched  S8  today,  due  to  the 
suit  brought  by  Amalgamated.  Many  of 
the  Lake  Superior  stocks  have  shown 
fair  advances,  particularly  Osceola,  Tam- 
arack and  Wolverine.  Lake  Copper  has 
ceased  to  be  the  daily  market  feature, 
holding  around  S38. 

The  strength  of  Indiana  imparted 
a  degree  of  strength  to  some  of 
the  Curb  prospects,  particularly  Algo- 
mah,  Bohemia  and  South  Lake.  Chino, 
Calaveras     and     Inspiration     have     held 


AKSCMSllK'lltN 


TIX    .\T    NEW    YOIUv 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Aug.  23. 


CompaDy. 


DeUnci.     Sale,    j  Amt. 


Alpha  Con.,  Nev 

Best  K  Belcher,  Nev 

Bullion,  Nev 

Challenge,  Nev 

Con.  Imperial,  Nev 

Con.  Virginia,  Nev 

Hair  &  Norcross,  Nev 

Hancock  Con.,  Mich 

Julia.  Nev 

Live  Oak,  Ariz 

Lower  Mammoth,  Utah 

Montana-Bingham,  Utah. . . 

New  York,  Utah 

Opex,  Utah 

P..tosi  G.  &  S.  Min,  Nev 

Raven ,  Mich 

Scorpion,  Nev 

Scottish  Chief,  Utah 

Seg.  Belcher  &  Midas  Con.,N 

Tintic  Central,  Utah 

Utah,  Nev 

Winona,  Mich 


July  311  Aug. 
July  31  Aug. 
Aug.  11  Sept. 
Sept.  7  Sept. 
.Tuly  31  Aug. 
Aug.  llAllg. 
Aug.     -2  Aug. 

Au.Oct 

Aug.    U  Sept. 

Oct.      1 

I  Aug.  l.i 

Aug.  Ill 

Aug.  15' 

Aug.  29|.. 
Sept.  6 
Aug.  15 
Aug.  11 
Aug.  1(1 
Sept.  (i 
iAug.  10 
Sept.  e 
lAug.     9 


■24  $n.05 


0.10 

0.05 

0.10 

U.Ol 

0.25 

0.10 

3.00 

0.03 

3.00 

0.05 

0.02 

0.02 

0.03 

0.10 

0.10 

0.02 

0.01 

0.05 

0.00  J 

0.05 

1. 00 


>loiitlily  AverjiKO  I'riees  of  >letuls 

SII.VKR 


London. 


January 
February 

March 

April 

May 

June 
July 

Augnrtt 

September 

October 

Novomber 

December.... 

Total 51.502, 


New    York,    cents    per    tine 
pence    per    standard    ounce. 


London, 


f'OIM'EK. 

NEW  YOKK. 

London. 

Electrolytic 

Lake, 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

Mai-ch 

Api-U 

May 

June 

July 

13.893 
12.949 
12,387 
12.r.(il 
12.893 
13.214 
12.880 
13.007 
12.870 
12.700 
13.125 
13.298 

13.  ('.20 
13.332 
13.2,V> 
12,733 

l2.r,r,o 

12,404 
12.215 

14.280  13,870 
13.295  13.719 
12,82(1  13  r>KC, 
12.93J|13.09I 
13,238^12,885 
13,548  12,798 
13  3C,3  12 '570 

fil.198 
57.(188 
5(1.231 
57.3(13 
59 .  338 
59,1127 
58.6.5(1 
.59.393 
59,021 
57.651 
!j«.917 
59.900 

00.923 
.59.388 
59.214 
57.238 
.1(1,313 
65.310 
54.194 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December. . . 

13,29(1 
13.210 
13,030 
13.354 
13.(147 

Year 

12.!)82 

13.335 

58.732 

Mouth. 

1»(I9. 

1910, 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Jaituary  . . . 
Februai-y  . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28.0(10 
28,29(1 
28.727 
29.445 
29. '225 
29.322 

32 .  700 
32.920 
32.403 
32.97G 
33.125 
32.769 

jjuly 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
iDecember.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29.125 

29  '.II 111 

30  -.".m 

30,47.5 
.30.869 
.32.913 

32 

(195 

29.728 

111'   in   cents  per   po-uid. 


I.rAli 

Month. 

New  York. 

St.  L„„iS. 

London. 

1909 

1910. 

1909. 

191(1. 

1909. 

1910. 

Janiiai'y 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

.\u,i.'nst 

Se]*-mber  .. 

October 

November. .. 
December... 

4.175 
4,018 

3 ,  98(1 
4,108 
4.287 
4.35(1 
4.321 
4  3113 
4,342 
4,341 

4 .  37l. 
4..-,ll(i 

4 .  700 
4.013 
4.459 
4.370 
4,315 
4.343 
4.404 

4.026 
3.808 
3.835 
4.U51 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4,227 
4,215 
4.215 
4.232 
4.459 

4.. 682 
4.445 
4.307 
4.225 
4.1(14 
4 .  207 
4.291 

13.113 
13.313 
13.438 
13.297 
13.225 
13.031 
12.5(13 
12.475 
12.781 
13.175 
13  (147 
13.125 

13,050 
13.328 
13.063 
12  (141 
12,560 
12 .  088 
12,531 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New   York  and   St.    l...iiis.   cents  per  pound, 
lyondou.   pounds  sterlinn  per   long  ton. 

SrKI.TKI! 


New  York,  rents  jier  jiound.  Electrolytic  is 
for  cakes.  Ingots  or  wlrebars.  London,  pounds 
sterling,   per  long   ton,   sinndnrd   copper. 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

I'.ili'.i. 

1910. 

1909. 

191(1. 
5.951 

1909. 

1910. 

January.   ... 

5,141 

(i.lOl 

4.991 

21.425 

23 . 350 

Ft  bruary  . . . 

4  889 

5.509 

4.739 

5.419 

21 . 5(12 

March 

4 , 7.67 

5.(137 

4.(107 

5.487 

21,43S 

■i3.031 

April 

4,9(15 

5,4311 

4.815 

5,289 

21..j:>l 

•12  4(19 

May 

5. 124 

5,191 

4,974 

5.041 

21. '.176 

22,100 

June 

5 ,  402 

5  128 

5.2.62 

4.978 

22.000 

22.219 

July 

5.4(12 

5 , 1.62 

5.252 

5.002 

21.9(19 

■22.400 

August 

5.729 

5.. 679 

22.r>5 

September  .. 

5.79(1 

5.(140 

•22.900 

October 

0.199 

0.043 

23. -200 

November... 

0,381 

(1.231 

■23.188 

December... 

0.249 

0.099 

■23.094 

Yi>ar 

5.503 

5.352 

•22.  •201 

New    YoiU   .Hid    St.    I.oiiis.   cents  per  pound. 
Loudon,  pounds  sterling  per   long  ton. 

I'RICES  OF  riG   IRON  AT  riTTSBrUC. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February  — 
March ....... 

April 

May 

$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
15  79 
15.77 
10.13 
10.40 
17.10 
18.44 
19.76 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18.53 
18. '28 
17.10 
16.62 
16.40 

$16.40 
16.09 
16.84 
15,05 
16.02 
16.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
16.60 
15.40 

$16.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16. '20 
17,03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17. -38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 

June 

July       

15.53 
16.40 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Aug.  ^23     SALT  LAKE         Aug.  23 


Name  of  Comp, 


Listed: 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'kCon.. 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Ja(;k  Pot.. 

Elklon  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins. . 

Flndlay 

Gold  Dollar 

Gold  Kriverelgn. .. 
Isabella  .... 

Mary  McKlnnoy.. 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work 

Unlisted  : 
Golden  Ovele... 
United  OoidMlnes 


Bid. 


.06J 
.(Kj 
.18* 
.10 
.76^ 
.85' 
.05J 
.09,' 
.14} 
.03,1 
.18! 
.53 
.02' 
1.18 
.92 
.031 

tl.OO 
.07^ 


Name  of  Comp. 

Clg. 

.19 

Colorado  Mining, 

.42 

('olumbus  Con... 

.80 

Daly  Judge 

4.30 

Grand  tlentral 

1.174 

Iron  Blossom 

.87 

LIttlH  Bell 

1.10 

Lltlle  Chief 

t.'22 

Lowi^r  Mammoth. 

.15 

Mason  Valley 

7.00 

Ma].   Mines 

.63 

May  Day 

.03J 

Ni'vada  Hills 

2.30 

New  York 

.13 

Prince  Con 

.68 

Red  Warrior 

+6. 00 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

2,07 

Sioux  Con 

.23 

Uncle  Sam 

.14 

victoria 

tl,ll7l 

COMSTOCK  STOCKS 
Alta 

Belcher  

.Best  &  Belcher 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Ptiint 

Exchei|uer 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross, . 

Mexican 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada.... 

Univin  Con 

Yellow  Jacket 


.11 
.60 
.48 
.52 
.18 
.21 
.70 
1.45 
.54 
.17 
.27 
.37 
1.35 
1.47 
.80 
.35 
.21 
.33 
.43 
.65 


Name  of  Comp.    Clg. 


Misc.  Nevada 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNcimara 

Midway 

N(u.th  Star 

West  End  Con... 

,\tlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columliia  Mt 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Sandstorm 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 


3  87 
.05 
.25 
.27 
.24 
.08 
.60 
.14 
.13 
.09 
.07 
.49 
.03 
.62 
.09 
.05 
.04 
.09 
.18 
.03 


N.  Y.  EXCH.         Aug.  23 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated 

Am.  Agri.  Chem.. 
Am.Sm.&Bef.,com 
Am.  8m.  «;Ket.,pt. 

Anaconda 

Bethlehem  Steel.. 
Col.  &Hock.C.  &I. 
Colo.  Fuel  &  Iron. 
DuPont  P^d^r,  pf. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 
Great  Nor.,orectf. 
Nat  nal Lead, com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Consol 

Pittsburg  Coal — 
RepublioI&S,coni. 
Republic  I  &S,  pt. 
Slo.ssSheOrd,com, 
Sloss  Sheffield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 
Utah  Copper — 
U.  S.  Steel,  com 
U.  S.  Steel,  pf.. 
Va.  Car.  Chem . 


Clg. 


(54% 

t« 

67  >» 

103  Ji 

39% 

27  K 

6 

30>i 
84  Ji 
55 
54 
t52 

J21 
tl6>j 

31 

94 

67 
103 

24  « 

45  3i 

70J^i 
116'. 

57  >. 


BOSTON  EXCH.  Aug.  23 


Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Name  of  Comp. 


Clg. 


Bonanza  Creek, 
Boston  Copper. . 
Braden  Copper. 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines.. 
Butte  Coalition 

Caledonia 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central — 

Cobalt  Prov 

Con.  .\riz.  Sm i 

Cumberland  Ely.. 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Gila  Copper 

Glrous 

Gold  Hill 

Gold  field  Con 

Greene  Cananea. . 

Guanajuato 

Guggen.Exp 

Ki'rr  Lake 

La  R"Se 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper.... 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 

■jlont.  Shoshone.. 

Mout.-Tonopah. . . 

Nev.  Utah  M.  &  8. 

Now  Baltic 

Newhouso  M.  &  S. 

NIplssing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M.. 

Bay  Centi-al 

Ray  Con 

Silver  Queen 

Standard  OH 

Stewart 

Tonopah  

Touopah  Ex 

Trl-Bullion 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop.. 

Yukon  Gold 


t3 
J18 
3% 
4% 

14  « 

»% 

t59 
■2% 
t9 
1« 

XI 

.32 
3% 
2 
t5 

6,*B 

8*^ 

180 
6« 
i 
1.05 
197i 
66 
t.37>^ 
{.98 
X 
6 
J3H 
10% 
2,. 
% 
2ft 
18.V,' 
t.35 
000 

i% 

.93 

tK 
12 

•''18 


Adventure 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Butte  k  Balak 

Calumet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby  

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibw.ay , 

Old  Dominion. . . 

Osceola 

Parrot 

IQuincy 

Shannon 

iSuperior 

Superior  k  Best. 
Superior  &  Pitts. 

Tamarack 

Triuitv 

U.  S.  Smg.  &  Ref . 
U.S.Sm.  &RH.,pd 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


LONDON         Aug.  24 


Name  of  Coin. 


Dolores 

Stratton'sind, 
Camp  Biid — 
Esperauza — 

Toinlioy  i 

El  Oro 

Orovllln 
Mexicc.  Mines 


Clg. 


6)i 
41 
25 

5J4 
17 

6K 
tl5 

8K 
62>i 
550 
18 
10 
66H 

7X 

»K 

lay, 

36 
21'^ 

2K 
l8Ji 
17  M 

3M 
38  "i 
loi,- 

■J% 

50 
•20  >i 
29  ^i 
WV, 
t6Ji 
37X 
130 
14^ 
74 
10  >i 
46% 
8!^ 
UK 
57 

385i 
49 

3A 
24 
3 

8% 
130 
IK 


BOSTON  CURB    Aug.  23 


Name  of  Comp. 


£1 108  Od 

0  3     3 

1  8 

2  15 

0  16 

1  6 
JO   5 

8  17 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines., 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyoctdo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

ns.  .\riz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve... 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper.. . 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Sbattnck-Arlz ... 

South  Lake 

Superior  ,<:  Globe 

'rrothowey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Clg. 


180 
13 

IS 
.07 

1% 
lUi 
.06K 

2K 
4 

8« 
.12 
.53 
,21 

2 

2;i; 

.30 

7 

6 
21 

9« 
.23 

lA 

9Vi 
.40 


JLast  (luotiilion. 


AND 


^ffENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^^  E  E  K  L  Y      ^ 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  /%.  John  A, 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary -%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
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Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
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payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
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in  Canada  ■%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  •%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ^  .\dvertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
>%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  go 


SEPTEMBER  3,  1910. 


NO.  10 


4.10 

440 
440 


441 
442 
443 

44:) 


CI  UVULA.  Tl(J.\    ttTA  TEMEM' 

Ihding  l!)on  irc  printed  and  circulated 
5.'i4.jOO  copiva  of  Tub  Esoixeebi.nus  and 
MiNixu  JoruxAL. 

Our  circuldtiun  for  Auyust,  1910  was  39,500 
copies. 

September   3 11,000 

ynite  strut  free  renularjji,  no  haelc  numhers. 
Fitlitrrs   firr   iiri ,    net   eireiiliition. 


Contents  i 

EtiitDi-lals: 

Some  Keniarks  on   T'tah  and  Nevada.. 

The   I.oratinll   of  Oil    Lands 

rnlonUni   at    Lake    Superior 

Iron   Making   I'apat'll.v 

Corresj>ondHnre   and   I'iscussiou: 

Standards  of  Work.  ...  Feldspar  as 
a  I'eitiMzei.  .  .  .New  Aiizona-Sonoia 
Uallroad    

Qiipstions  and    Answers 

I)ailv   rrodiiflinii   of  Copper 

•We'll  No.  7!)  of  llie  .\nierican  Oilfields 
Company,    Callffji'iiia 

Details   of    rraclical    Mining: 

•.\nloinalie  Itallwavs  at  the  Clieever 
Mine.  New  York .... '■Mud  I'alnf 
from  San  rranelseo  Bay.  ... 'Steel 
Uoli  Shells  ....  'Skip  I'oeket  and 
Station  at  Leonai-<l  Mine.  .  .  .  •lOx- 
Iraelion  of  Iron  from  dri'  and  I'ulp 
....  I'reeantions  for  llandlin;;  Caps 
and  Fnse.  .  .  . '(^ar  Stoppini;  I  (eviees 
(.11  <;ravily  Inellnes.  .  .  .  *Zinc  I>nst 
I-'eedor.  .  .  .Covorlnif  iJalvanlzed  Irofi 
with  Lead.  . .  .*Sh()ek  Arrester  on 
lireddPs    

Mltdni;  I.eRlslatlon  In  Queensland,  Aus- 
tralia   1.    c.    Veulrli 

Taxation    of   Talented   Claims   la   Arizona 

California   Ollllelds 

.\leial    (Hitpiil    of   Ontario 

Mland    Sloek    Increase 

The   .\rlzona    Copper   Company,    Ltd 

Ct>pper    Cnr'laliment 

•The  I'orlland  Cii,nal  Minlns  District.  B.  C. 

•Sllidnc  anil  Sloping  In  I  he  Ca»'.ir 
d'.xlene fiilm     Tifssoir>tt;i 

F.leetrleliy   for  Mexican   Mines 

•A  New  Steel  Belt  Conveyer  In  Ise  In 
Sweden \Ifreil     (Irademrili 

Ore  Reserves  of  West  .\nstralla  (Jold 
Mines Loudon     (■orre.-^iiondi-nce 

•Keeent  I'rartlee  In  Coppi'r  Matte  Con- 
vertinjr Itediet;    It.    Moorc 

•fIrothe-Cai'ter    A'acuuni    l*'lller 

Uelleellons    on    Some    Colliery    lOxploslons 

Forelun  Labor  In  the  rennsylvania  Cr>al- 
lields.  ...Wituhiniit'in     ('nrrespondrnrc 

•Coal    Mining;   In   a    Vertical    Seam. 

Ilrnrii    If,    I'liiine 

Report  on  Imml'.irants  Kngaiicd  In  Bl- 
tumiiioiis     Mining 

The     West     Virginia     Coal     Industry     In 

19II1I     

Colliery     Noti'S 

I'ersonal.  Dtiltuary,  Societies  and  Tech- 
nical   Schools 

Editorial    Correspondence 

Mining    News 

Markets      

Mining    Index 

Current  I'rh'es  of  Chemicals,  Rare  Min- 
erals.   Earths,    Etc 

Dividends    

'lIluMtrutca. 


Some  Remarks  on  Utah  and 
Nevada 


444 

44S 
44!) 
449 
4.">0 
4.">0 
4.-)0 
4.")n 
431 

4. -.2 
4. -1 4 

4.".."i 

4. -.8 

4<iO 
40.1 
4<ili 

4(!S 

4r,n 

470 

470 

470 

4  7  J 
47.! 
47.- 
4S1 
4S8 

491 
402 


According  to  newspaper  reports  the 
management  of  the  Utah  Copper  Com- 
pany has  bowed  to  criticism,  and  hence- 
forth is  going  to  allow  in  its  accounting 
7;/-c.,  instead  of  5c.  per  ton,  for  deferred 
stripping  charges,  and  is  going  to  write 
off  something  for  wear  and  tear  of  its 
plant.  As  to  the  latter  point  it  has  been 
urged  that  the  mill  is  still  so  new  that 
repairs  and  renewals  have  not  yet  been 
of  especial  moment,  which  may  be  true, 
but  if  they  are  not  to  appear  unduly 
large  a  little  later  on  there  must  be  early 
accumulated  some  fund  for  their  equal- 
ization. 

As  to  the  stripping  charge,  the  man- 
agement still  claims  that  5c.  per  ton  will 
in  course  of  time  extinguish  the  "prepaid 
account."  We  hope  this  may  prove  to  be 
true.  Also  that  the  present  mill  will  last 
for  20  or  v30  years.  But  it  is  well  to 
guard  against  contingencies,  and  if  too 
much  be  deducted  from  gross  earnings 
it  will  always  be  easy  to  pay  over  to  the 
stockholders  any  surplus  that  may  be 
unnecessary  for  safety.  In  this  respect 
it  is  better  to  pay  an  extra  dividend  than 
to  create  a  disappointment. 

The  financial  press  has  lately  been 
trumpeting  the  marvelous  record  of  Ne- 
vada Consolidated  in  producing  at  a  cost 
of  S'/Jc.  per  pound  of  copper  and  mak- 
ing far  in  excess  of  present  dividend  re- 
quirements on  a  12;/<c.  copper  market, 
etc. 

The  record  of  Nevada  Consolidated  is 
indeed  mar\'elous.  No  one  will  deny  its 
position  as  one  cf  the  great  mining  suc- 


cesses of  the  age,  reflecting  enormous 
credit  upon  Mr.  Bradley  and  Mr.  Requa, 
who  developed  it,  Mr.  Channing,  who 
contributed  materially  in  bringing  it  to 
eastern  notice,  Mr.  Yeatman,  who  has 
directed  its  plans  for  mining  and  smelt- 
ing upon  an  immense  scale,  and  Mr. 
Lakenan,  who  is  in  charge  of  the  work 
in  Nevada.  But  nevertheless,  it  is  well 
for  enthusiasts  to  bear  in  mind  that  Ne- 
vada Consolidated  is  at  present  extract- 
ing its  best  and  most  easily  mined  ore 
and  is  operating  with  a  brand  new  plant, 
just  properly  seasoned.  When  we  come 
to  strike  an  average,  10,  15  or  20  years 
hence,  the  engineers  who  estimated  a  pro- 
duction cost  of  7c.  per  lb.  will  not  appear 
to  be  too  high,  as  they  do  at  present. 


The  Location  of  Oil  Lands 

.Another  example  of  the  absurdity  of 
our  present  laws  for  the  location  of  min- 
eral land,  and  the  necessity  for  a  revis- 
ion thereof,  is  afforded  by  a  recent  de- 
cision of  the  General  Land  Office  with 
respect  to  the  patenting  of  land  in  oil- 
fields. The  Land  Office  has  decided  that 
such  land  cannot  be  patented  unless  dis- 
covery has  preceded  location.  Under  this 
ruling  it  is  not  lawful  to  locate  claims 
unless  oil  seeps  from  the  ground,  or  un- 
less drilling  has  discovered  oil  in  advance 
of  the  filing  of  any  papers.  Both  of  these 
conditions  are  practically  prohibitive.  In 
oilfields  the  cases  where  seepage  of  oil 
or  the  bituminous  residuum  are  manifest 
on  the  surface  are  rare,  while  no  pros- 
pector is  disposed  to  risk  his  money  in 
drilling  upon  public  land  to  which  he  has 
no  title  whatever. 


440 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3.  1910. 


This  ruling  h<s,  of  course,  aroused  a 
itorm  of  protest  among  the  oil  men  in 
California.  The  condition  existing  in  that 
State  is  quite  different  from  what  has 
prevailed  m  most  of  the  other  oil-produc- 
ing States.  In  California  the  oil  discov- 
eries have  been  to  a  large  extent  made 
on  public  lands,  considered  to  be  open  for 
general  entry.  In  Louisiana.  Texas.  Ok- 
lahoma and  other  States,  the  oil  discov- 
eries have  generally  been  made  upon 
lands  that  had  previously  passed  into 
private   hands. 


Unionism  at  Lake  Superior 


According  to  the  newspaper  reports, 
emanating  from  Butte,  the  Western  Fed- 
eration of  Miners  contemplates  a  cam- 
paign to  compel  the  mining  companies  of 
Lake  Superior  to  pay  the  same  scale  of 
wages  as  in  Montana.  One  of  the  Fed- 
eration leaders  is  credited  with  the  fol- 
lowing remarks: 

"The  Calumet  &  Hecla  and  other  com- 
panies in  the  Lake  Superior  district  at 
present  enjoy  an  unfair  advantage  over 
the  Amalgamated  and  other  companies  at 
Butte,  and  we  propose  to  organize  the 
Lake  country  and  thus  remedy  this  dis- 
crimination against  Butte.  All  the  work 
in  Michigan  is  done  by  contract  and  the 
miner  must  buy  his  own  tools,  powder 
and  supplies  at  the  company's  store.  Once 
in  a  while  the  miner  may  make  living 
wages,  but  often  he  comes  out  in  debt 
under  the  Michigan  system.  The  com- 
pany stands  no  loss. 

"On  the  other  hand,  look  at  the  condi- 
tion in  this  district.  The  Amalgamated 
pays  from  $3.50  to  $4  per  day,  according 
to  the  price  of  copper,  and  it  makes  no 
difference  to  the  miner  whether  there  is 
ore  or  not.  If  rock  is  drilled  through 
u'ithout  results,  why,  the  Amalgamated 
stands  the  loss.  When  we  unionize  the 
Lake  district  contract  work  will  be  done 
away  with  and  the  men  will  not  have  to 
patronize  the  company  stores.  Under 
our  jurisdiction  the  Michigan  miners  will 
be  benefited  financially  and  every  other 
way." 

Thus  does  the  Western  Federation  of 
Miners  propose  to  take  a  hand  in  regulat- 
ing the  cost  of  producing  copper.  Its 
solicitude  for  the  poor  Amalgamated, 
laboring  under  an  unfair  disadvantage,  is 
enough  to  make  a  crocodile  weep. 

Of  course,  the  statements  quoted  above 


and  the  arguments  in  support  of  them  are 
rank  nonsense.  Everyone  of  good  sense 
knows  that  the  miners  of  Lake  Superior 
are  as  well  off,  if  not  better,  than  those  of 
Butte.  Lake  Superior  is  a  region  where 
many  miners  own  their  own  homes.  If 
has  a  settled  population.  Many  of  the 
men  working  in  those  mines  today  are 
the  sons  and  grandsons  of  miners  work- 
ing in  the  same  district.  A  comparative 
glance  at  the  living  conditions  in  Lake 
Superior  and  Butte  is  all  that  is  necessary 
to  show  the  relative  welfare  of  the  miners 
in  the  two  districts.  In  1907,  when  an 
advance  in  wages  occurred  at  Butte  and 
there  was  an  extraordinary  demand  for 
miners,  many  men  went  there  from  Lake 
Superior  to  try  their  fortune.  Later  on 
they  were  glad  to  return  to  Lake  Superior. 


Iron  Making  Capacity 

Reference  has  frequently  been  made 
to  the  increased  iron-making  capacity  re- 
sulting from  the  extension  of  old  plants 
and  the  construction  of  new  ones  in  the 
United  States  during  the  last  three  years. 
We  have  estimated  our  present  capacity 
for  making  pig  iron  at  40,000,000  tons  a 
year,  or  about  14,000,000  tons  above  the 
highest  production  ever  reported.  This 
estimate  is  confirmed  by  the  full  and 
careful  figures  of  the  American  Iron  and 
Steel  Association,  which  have  just  been 
published.  These  tell  an  extraordinary 
story  of  growth  and  development. 

At  the  close  of  1907  there  were  in  ex- 
istence blast  furnaces  having  a  yearly 
productive  capacity  of  34,834,000  tons  of 
pig  iron,  in  round  figures.  From  this  is 
to  he  deducted  287,000  tons  for  furnaces 
which  have  since  been  abandoned  or  dis- 
mantled and  are  thus  permanently  out 
of  service;  and  1,795,000  tons  for  stacks 
which  have  not,  or  could  not  be  operated 
even  during  the  hight  of  the  boom,  and 
which  Mr.  Swank,  the  experienced  sta- 
tistician of  the  association,  believes  will 
never  be  operated  again.  These  deduc- 
tions leave  a  total  capacity  of  32,752.000 
tons.  But  during  1908  and  1909  there 
were  new  stacks  built  which  can  produce 
4,468,000  tons  yearly,  and  old  ones  re- 
built or  enlarged  which  can  make  925,000 
tons.  These  additions  bring  the  total  up 
to  .38,145,000  tons  on  ^une  30,  1910.  This 
statement,  as  indicatf.d  above,  eliminates 
all  those  stacks  which,  owing  to  their 
present  condition  or  location,  will  prob- 
ablv  be  soon  abanrioned. 


Moreover,  on  June  30  last,  work  was 
in  progress  on  a  number  of  new  stacks 
which,  when  completed,  will  be  able  to 
make  2,082,000  tons;  and  these  additions 
will  bring  the  total  production  capacity 
early  in  1911  up  to  40,228,000  tons  of  pig 
iron  yearly,  provided  all  furnaces  were 
active.  As  a  rule,  however,  even  in  the 
most  strenuous  times,  about  10  per  cent, 
of  the  existing  stacks  must  be  out  of  blast 
for  repairs  or  relining;  so  that  the  actual 
make  could  hardly  be  over  36,000,000 
tons.  This  quantity  is  about  10,000,000 
tons  more  than  the  greatest  recorded 
yearly  make  of  iron  in  the  United  States. 

Two  things  are  evident  from  this  state- 
ment. The  smaller  and  older  furnaces, 
which  are  more  costly  to  operate,  will 
be  gradually  crowded  out  of  existence  by 
those  plants  which  can  make  pig  iron 
cheaply,  owing  to  their  size  and  equip- 
ment or  their  ability  to  secure  ores  and 
fuel  at  comparatively  low  prices.  There 
must  also  be  a  halt  in  the  building  of  new 
stacks  imtil  the  consuming  capacity  of 
the  country  grows  up  to  its  ability  to  pro- 
duce. This  growth  is  steadily  in  progress 
as  population  increases,  and  as  the  ten- 
dency to  use  iron  and  steel  in  place  of 
other  material  advances.  Both  of  these 
increases  are  strong  factors,  but  it  will 
take  some  time  for  them  to  absorb  the 
10,000,000  tons  of  surplus  above  shown. 

A  marked  feature  in  the  increase  of 
iron-making  capacity  is  that  nearly  all 
the  new  furnaces  have  been  built  by  com- 
panies which  consume  their  own  output 
in  making  steel  or  other  finished  material. 
The  old-time  merchant  furnace,  which 
sells  its  make  of  pig  iron  to  manufac- 
turers, is  becoming  each  year  a  less  im- 
portant factor  in  the  trade.  Those  which 
remain  at  work  are  chiefly  interested  in 
the  making  of  basic  and  foundry  pig  iron. 


The  report  that  the  Miami  Copper 
Company  has  made  a  five-year  contract 
with  Cananea  for  the  smelting  of  its  con- 
centrate is  interesting.  Ores  are  usually 
despatched  from  Mexico  to  the  United 
States  for  smelting,  not  in  the  opposite 
direction.  However,  the  shipment  of  raw. 
cupriferous  material  f."om  this  country 
into  Mexico  is  not  without  precedent, 
matte  having  been  sent  from  El  Paso  to 
Aguascalientes  for  many  years.  In  these 
cases  the  reason  is.  of  course,  the  need 
for  a  special  kind  of  ore.  and  the  blister 
copper  is  returned  to  the  United  States 
for  refining. 


September  3,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


441 


Standards   of  Work 

In  the  Journal  of  August  13  an  article 
entitled  "Standards  of  Work"  suggests  a 
few  remarks.  It  lias  been  my  observa- 
tion that  even  in  a  stated  district,  under 
normal  conditions,  the  influences  brought 
to  bear  on  labor  are  so  great  in  number 
and  so  varied  in  character  that  no  stand- 
ard of  value,  e.\cept  locally,  can  be  as- 
sumed. 

Personal  Ele.v.ent 

The  element  of  individual  personality 
must  necessarily  be  a  large  factor,  not 
only  so  far  as  it  represents  the  ability 
and  v.-illingness  of  the  laborer  himself, 
but  also  the  ability  of  those  in  charge 
to  influence  the  laborer  to  e.xert  his  maxi- 
mum effort. 

That  one  shift  boss  may  be  more 
successful  than  another  under  the 
same  conditions  and  with  the  same  crew 
is  a  sufficient  testimonial  of  this  fact. 
The  factor  of  personality  does  not  cease 
entirely  with  him.  It  must  necessarily 
extend  through  the  entire  organization, 
more  or  less,  and  it  is  not  difficult  to  rea- 
son how  the  attitude  of  a  board  of  di- 
rectors may  leave  its  ultimate  effect  upon 
results  accomplished. 

Conditions  at  Various  Mines  Not  Iden- 
tical 

Mr.  Oke  relates  one  case  where  one 
ton  of  rock  was  broken  for  every  foot 
drilled  for  a  given  period  of  time.  Were 
this  record  to  be  of  value  it  would  be 
necessary  to  state  the  nature  of  the  work 
in  which  this  was  done;  character  of  the 
rock;  all  working  conditions,  whether  in 
damp  or  wet  ground,  or  dry  and  dusty; 
temperatures;  ventilation;  size  of  drills; 
name  of  machine  used,  or  weight  of  ham- 
mers if  it  be  a  drilling  record;  etc.  etc., 
and  lastly  the  impossible — all  factors  of 
personality   entering   into   the   case. 

Even  in  the  same  district,  such  data 
would  be  of  doubtful  value,  even  if  re- 
sults be  recorded  over  periods  of  time; 
for  it  is  the  rare  exception,  and  not  the 
rule,  if  identical  conditions  be  found  to 
exist  in  two  mines  of  the  same  district. 

In  the  mine  where  such  results  are 
recorded  they  are  of  use  only  in  a  com- 
parative way,  and  the  superintendent  or 
engineer  using  them  must  make  allow- 
ance for  every  condition  not  identical  to 
that  under  which  the  results  were  re- 
corded. 

Samuel  H.   Dolbear. 

Johannesburg,  Cal.,  Aug.  18.  1910. 


Feld 


spar    as    a 


Fertili 


izer 


The  late  Franklin  R.  Carpenter,  of 
Denver,  Colo.,  secured  a  United  States 
patent.  No.  959,841,  on  a  process  for 
rendering  the  potassium  content  of  feld- 
spar soluble,  thus  making  it  available  for 
use  in  commercial  fertilizers. 

At  present  all  potash  fertilizers  are  im- 
ported from  Germany,  and  if  this  new 
process  be  commercially  feasible,  it 
would  make  this  country  independent  of 
foreign  importations.  The  principal  item 
is  the  cost  of  treating  the  rock  in  the 
manner  described  as  follows:  "The  pro- 
cess of  preparing  rock  containing  potash 
compounds  for  use  in  agriculture  con- 
sists in  intensely  heating  the  same  and 
then  suddenly  cooling  the  heated  ma- 
terial to  change  its  molecular  structure, 
and  render  the  compound  soluble  and 
available  for  plant  life,  and  then  Finely 
grinding  the  same  for  use." 

As  far  as  I  know,  only  laboratory  tests 
have  been  made  confirming  the  claims 
made  in  the  patents.  I  can  say,  however, 
that  the  laws  of  most  States  in  which 
artificial  fertilizers  are  largely  sold  de- 
mand that  the  potassium  content  in  mixed 
fertilizers  must  be  in  water-soluble  form. 
The  resultant  product  of  this  process  is 
not  water  soluble.  It  would  occupy  about 
the  same  position  as  does  the  untreated 
phosphate  rock.  Dealers  discourage  the 
use  of  raw  phosphate  rock,  but  agricult- 
ural experiment  stations  for  the  last  few 
years  have  begun  to  recommend  it  gener- 
ally. 

There  is  an  abundance  of  orthoclase 
actually  containing  12  per  cent.,  or  more, 
potassium  oxide.  The  new  discovery,  if 
practical,  is  particularly  interesting  now 
in  view  of  the  legislation  recently  passed 
by  the  German  government,  and  many 
of  the  Journal  readers,  of  whom  I  am 
one,  would  appreciate  a  discussion  of 
the   feasibility  of  the  new  process. 

F.  H.  Nacel. 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Aug.  15,  1910. 

[The  Department  of  Agriculture,  in 
Bull.  No.  104,  gives  the  results  of  a  ser- 
ies of  experiments  to  determine  the  value 
of  ground  feldspar  as  a  fertilizer.  The  ev- 
idence so  far  obtained  appears  to  indi- 
cate that  under  certain  conditions  and 
with  certain  crops  feldspar  can  be  made 
useful  if  it  is  ground  sufficiently  fine. 
The  question  is  still  open,  and  systematic 
experimentation  is  the  only  possible  me- 
thod of  obtaining  conclusive  information 
on   the   subject.     The  tests   given   in   the 


above  bulletin  are  on  raw  feldspar.  No 
data  are  given  along  the  line  indicated 
in  Dr.  Carpenter's  patent. — Editor.] 


New  Arizona-Sonera   Railroad 

The  article  on  "A  New  Arizona-Sonora 
Railroad"  in  the  Journal  of  Aug.  20  is 
most  important  and  of  especial  interest 
to  me  because  it  is  the  culmination  of 
my  hopes  in  relation  to  the  opening  up  of 
northwest    Sonora. 

In  1899  I  examined  the  property  of  the 
"National  Mexican  Mining  and  Develop- 
ment Company,"  situated  six  miles  from 
El  Plomo  in  the  Altar  mining  district. 
The  property  of  the  company  consisted 
of  a  group  of  claims,  known  as  the  Leones, 
containing  a  free-milling  gold  ore,  and 
the  Ruizena,  which  had  a  high-grade  con- 
centrating ore  which  had  been  shipped  to 
smelting   works   at   EI    Paso   and   Pueblo. 

Securing  the  Abundancia  Mine 

After  completing  my  examination  of 
company's  property  my  attention  was 
called  to  an  abandoned  mine  near  the 
village  of  El  Plomo,  known  as  Abun- 
dancia. 

A  shaft  of  about  100  ft.  and 
a  drift  at  this  depth  of  200  ft., 
and  prospecting  pits,  surface  cross- 
cuts and  bold  outcrops  for  nearly 
a  mile  led  me  to  advise  my  clients  to 
purchase  the  property.  On  our  return  to 
Tucson  we  found  the  owners  and  a  con- 
tract for  the  purchase  was  drawn  up. 
I  then  learned  that  W.  P.  Blake  had  ex- 
amined and  reported  on  the  property  in 
September,   189(). 

At  the  north  end  of  the  property  the 
valuable  minerals  are  cerussite  and 
anglesite  to  a  depth  of  100  to  120  ft., 
where  galena  begins  to  occur  in  detached 
masses.  Cold  and  silver  are  always  pres- 
ent but  do  not  increase  with  the  percent- 
age of  lead.  At  the  south  end  of  the  prop- 
erty copper  carbonates  giving  way  to  sul- 
phides in  depth  appear  to  predominate. 
The  treatment  of  the  Abundancia  ore 
therefore  means  a  smelting  plant — I  now 
quote  from  my  report  of  1899: 

"The  opportunity  for  controlling  the 
mining  industry  of  the  district  tributary 
to  Altar  lies  primarily  in  the  development 
of  the  Abundancia  mine  and  the  conse- 
quent production  of  silver-  and  gold- 
bearing  lead  ores  which  must  result  in 
the  establishment  of  a  smelting  plant  at 
or  near  Fl  Plomo.  La  Abundancia  is  the 
key  to  the  situation;  therefore  its  value 
must  be  unequivocally  determined  in  ad- 
vance. 


442 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3.  1910. 


Value  of  Railroad  to  Port  Lobos  Fore- 

''  SEEN 

"The  other  element  which  enters  into 
the  proposition  is  fuel,  and  that  presents 
greater  difficulties  than  the  ore  question. 
For  a  permanent  and  large  plant  coke 
will  have  to  be  used.  Delivery  by  rail 
to  Tucson  or  Santa  Anna  and  then  by 
v.'agon  to  El  Plomo  would  be  prohibitory. 
The  only  solution  will  be  to  bring  it  in 
from  some  port  on  the  Gulf  of  California, 
and  the  nearest  available  point  appears 
to  be  Port  Lobos,  about  85  miles  from 
El  Plomo.  The  construction  of  a  railroad 
from  Tucson  or  some  other  point  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  would  open  a  large  min- 
eral and  agricultural  country.  The  im- 
portance of  establishing  a  port  on  the 
Gulf  applies  not  alone  to  the  fuel  supply, 
but  also  to  mining  supplies  and  general 
merchandise.  If  the  smelting  were  re- 
stricted to  the  production  of  copper  matte 
and  base  bullion  it  could  be  shipped  to 
Atlantic  ports  or  Europe  over  the  Tehu- 
antepec  railroad." 

The  preliminary  reports  on  the  Ari- 
zona, Mexico  &  Gulf  of  California  rail- 
road, issued  by  the  Development  Com- 
pany of  America,  give  a  clear  and  admir- 
able statement  of  the  existing  conditions 
and  what  may  be  expected  as  the  out- 
come of  the  building  of  the  railroad.  J.  N. 
Curtis,  the  mining  engineer  employed  by 
the  company,  has  made  a  report  on  the 
existing  and  prospective  mining  condi- 
tions, which  gives  evidence  of  a  close 
observer.  In  this  connection,  however, 
I  wish  to  correct  a  statement  in  the  pub- 
lished article;  the  average  value  of  the 
Abundancia  ore  should  read  $10  to  S20 
in  place  of  $20  to  S23  per  ton.  The  con- 
centrating plani  consisting  formerly  of 
Harz  jigs  and  Frue  vanners,  is  now  a 
wreck. 

After  the  property  was  taken  over  by 
the  Illinois  Development  Company,  tl'ie 
work  was  confined  to  prospecting  the 
Abundancia.  The  exploration  work  was 
continued  for  1 1  months.  During  this 
period  800  ft.  of  levels  were  driven  and 
250  ft.  of  shaft  sinking.  The  100-ft. 
level  was  driven  from  the  north  and 
south  a  total  distance  of  800  ft.  As  far 
as  developed  no  barren  ground  was  en- 
countered. At  this  stage  the  company 
ordered  the  suspension  of  all  work.  The 
entire  expenditure  amounted  to  $30,000 
for  machinery,  supplies,  labor  and  salar- 
ies. The  property  has  lain  idle  for  four 
years. 

With  an  expenditure  of  $50,000  the 
Leones  mine,  free-milling  SIO  ore,  could 
with  a  lO-stamp  mill  put  through  at  least 
50  tons  per  day  within   12  months. 

George  W.  Maynaro. 

New  York,  Aug.  26,   I9I0. 

The  second  gram  of  radium  has  been 
produced  in  the  government  laboratories 
at  Joachimsthal.  Austria-Hungary  and  is 
Mvailable  for  shipments. 


QUESTIONS^-^ANSWERSlI  • 


Copper  in  Babbitt  Metal 
Do    any    of    the    babbitt    metals    con- 
tain copper? 

M.  S.  L. 
Practically  all  so  called  babbitt 
metals  contain  copper.  Kent  says  there 
are  few  babbitt  metals  that  are  made 
according  to  the  original  formula  of 
Babbitt.  The  best  sources  of  informa- 
tion give  the  original  proportion  of  the 
metal  as  50  parts  or  89.3  per  cent,  tin,  2 
parts  or  3.6  per  cent,  copper,  and  4  parts 
or  7.1  per  cent,  antimony.  Another 
authority  gives  83.3  per  cent,  tin,  and  8.3 
per  cent,  each   of  copper  and   antimony. 

Value  of  China  Clay  Deposit 
I  have  recently  found  what  I  believe 
to  be  quite  an  extensive  deposit  of  china 
clay  not  far  from  Washington,  D.  C. 
I  want  to  get  in  touch  with  someone  who 
can  inform  me  as  to  whether  the  deposit 
has  any  commercial  value.  The  bed  is 
covered  by  a  layer  of  soil  2  ft.  in 
depth.  Do  you  suppose  that  the  potteries 
at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  or 
East  Liverpool,  Ohio,  could  use  the  clay, 
or  have  these  potteries  their  local  de- 
posits from  which  they  obtain  their  clay? 
Is  there  any  market  in  New  York  or  else- 
where to  which  china  clay  is  sent? 

R.  F.  B. 
In  order  to  determine  the  quality  of  the 
clay,  a  sample  lot  should  be  washed  and 
floated  to  remove  the  foreign  impurities, 
and  then  shipped  to  some  pottery  to  be 
tested  in  a  practical  manner.  All  china 
clays  must  undergo  this  treatment  before 
they  can  be  used.  The  commercial  value 
of  the  deposit  is  also  largely  determined 
by  physical  conditions,  such  as  the  thick- 
ness of  the  bed,  proximity  to  transporta- 
tion, etc.  The  price  f.o.b.  Trenton,  N.  J. 
ranges  from  $4  to  $12  per  ton,  according 
to  quality.  .Analyses  are  not  entirely  re- 
liable guides  to  the  suitability  of  the  clay. 
The  Trenton  Potteries  Company  and  the 
Golding  Sons  Company,  both  of  Trenton, 
are   us°rs  of  this   material. 


Chronology    of    Mining  for  August 

^wg.  1 — Copperton  mill,  Bingham 
canon,  Utah,  closed  permanently. — Strike 
of  coal  miners  of  rhe  Southwest  declared, 
affecting  38,000  men. 

Aug.  2 — Explosion  in  coal  mines  of 
the  Cerro  de  Pasco  company  in  Peru 
kills  60  men. 

Aug.  5 — Fire  destroyed  tipple  and 
power  house  of  Pennsylvania  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  at  No.  9  mine,  near  Cres- 
son,  Penn.  Loss,  $100,000.— Bandits 
held  up  stage  and  stole  bullion  shipments 
of  the  Socorro  and  Ernestine  mining  com- 
panies in  New  Mexico. 

Aug.  6— Balaklala  smelting  plant  at 
Coram,  Cat..  cloF^d   f   twit  completion 


of  Cottrell  apparatus  for  eliminating 
smoke  difficulties. 

Aug.  10 — Fire  does  surface  damage  of 
$100,000  at  Best  &  Belcher  mine,  Com- 
stock  lode,  Nevada. 

Aug.  12 — A  fire  at  the  Granby  mine  in 
-British  Columbia  destroyed  buildings 
valued  at  $70,000. 

Aug.  13 — Midget-Bonanza  mill.  Crip- 
ple Creek,  Colo.,  struck  by  lightning  and 
burned. 

Aug.  18 — Beck  Tunnel  Company,  in 
Utah,  sues  the  Uncle  Sam  Consolidated 
for  $300,000  for  alleged  ore  trespass. 

Aug.  20— U.  S.  Land  Office  ruled  that 
lands  in  the  oilfields  cannot  be  patented 
unless  discovery  precedes  location. — • 
McCabe  and  Gladstone  properties  in  Ari- 
zona sold  to  F.  M.  Murphy,  $150,000. 

Aug.  21 — Forest  fires  in  the  Northwest 
Slates  dam.aged  mines  and  mining  towns, 
Wallace,  Idaho,  being  partly  destroyed. 

Aug.  23 — The  Anaconda  company  has 
brought  suit  against  the  Butte-Balla- 
klava  company  to  recover  for  ore  tres- 
pass alleged. 

Aug.  27 — Meeting  of  mining  men  in 
Denver  to  protest  against  Nelson  bill  be- 
fore the  U.  S.  Senate. 

Aug.  29 — Associated  Oil  Company 
bought  the  McMurray  and  Hoeppner 
holdings  in  the  Midway,  California,  field 
for  $3,000,000 


August  Dividends 


The  accompanying  table  shows  the 
amount  per  share  and  total  amount  of 
dividends  paid  during  August,  1910,  by  a 


U.  S.  Mines.      | 

-\lasl;a  Me\ii-an.  g.' 
AlaskaTiViulweU.g 
.-Vlaska  rnitpd,  g  . 
.\iiialgaiiiated,  c  -  , 
Bunker  HiU  &  Sul-I 

li^an.  l.s 

Butte-Ballaklava.c 
Elkton  Con.,  g. 

Hecla.  s.l 

HoTiiesTake,  g  .  . 
International 

.\iikel,  ptrt... 

Pearl  Con 

Pioneer,  g 

Snow  Storm,  e.g. 


Situa- 
tion. 


lAmt.  per,      Total 
Sliare.   :.\nit.  Paid. 


Alas. 
Alas. 
Alas. 
Mont. 

Ida. 
Mont. 
Colo. 

Ida. 
S.  D. 

N.  Y. 

Wash. 

Alas. 

Ida. 


S.'>4.000 

200,000 

18,020 

769,439 

98.100 

210.000 

37,500 

20,000 

109,200 

133,689 
19.707 

150,000 
22,500 


V.  S.  Industrials. 


Situa- 
tion. 


Jeff.     &     crrid 

Coal,  cm Penn. 

T.eliigli      Coal      & 

Nav 1  Penn. 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf '  U.S. 


Amt.  per      Total 
Share.    Amt.  Paid. 


S2.50 


.537.500 


00  764, .i20 

75       6,304,915 


F"oreign  Mining 
Companies. 

Si  (na- 
tion. 

.\mt.  per 
Share. 

Total 
Amt.   Paid. 

Crow's  Nest  Pass, 

B.C. 
Mex. 
Mex. 

Mex. 

Mex. 

0.25 

0.22i 

0.03 

0.05 

0.03 

40,000 

Dolores.  K 

El  Ra.vo,  g 

I.nck.v  Tiger,  com., 

g 

Mines  Co.  of  .\mer- 

ica 

90,000 
10,800 

37,.t00 

60.000 

number  of  the  leading  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical companies  in  the  United  States, 
Canada  and  Mexico. 


September  3,   19 lO. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


443 


Daily    Production    of   Copper 


The  accompanying  table  gives  the  daily 
production  in  North  America  of  both 
refined  and  blister  copper  since  Decem- 
ber, 1909.  The  statistics  for  the  former 
are  complete,  while  those  for  the  latter 
are  incomplete,  covering  only  the  com- 
panies reporting.  It  will  be  noted  that 
for  blister  copper  April  shows  the  largest 
daily  production  since  last  December. 
^X'^.ilc  June  shows  a  falling  off  of  over 
200,000  lb.  daily,  yet  it  is  not  so  low  as 
the  previous  months.  While  the  figures 
are  not  all  in  for  July,  enough  have  been 
received  to  indicate  that  the  daily  rate 
for  this  month  will  not  be  much  less,  if 
any,  than  June.  The  effect  of  the  recent 
program  of  curtailment  is,  of  course,  not 
yet  apparent  in  the  tables. 

DAILY  PRODl'l'TION  OF  COPPER. 


Blister. 

Refined. 

Dec. 

1  '.109 

.3.193,826 

3..S00,924 

Jan., 

1910 

3,297,261 

3.7.59,589 

!•<•(). 

1910 

3,047..S19 

4.025,446 

.Mar. 

1910 

3,.iH,4.57 

3.873,144 

.\pr. 

1910 

3,786,757 

3.915,921 

.May, 

1910 

3,703,156 

3,975..563 

.III  IIP 

1910 

3,570,753 

4.240,396 

Jiil.v. 

1910 

3,818,400 

With  reference  to  the  refined  copper, 
there  has  been  a  gradual  increase  to 
4,240,396  lb.  daily  for  June.  The  daily 
production  for  July  dropped  off  over  400,- 
000  lb.  It  will  be  noted  in  these  figures 
that  any  sudden  change  in  blister  copper 
is  not  noticed  in  the  refined  copper  until 
about  two  months  later.  The  reason  for 
this  is  that  it  requires  about  this  interval 
to  pass  from  the  smelteries  through  the 
refineries. 


Well    No.     79    of    the    American 
Oilfields  Company,  California 


Los  Angeles  Correspondence 

The  accompanying  illustration  is  from 
a  photograph  of  well  No.  79  of  the  Am- 
erican Oilfields  Company,  in  the  Midway 
field,  Kern  county,  California.  At  the 
time  the  photograph  was  taken,  Aug.  6, 
the  well  was  gushing  at  the  rate  of  40.000 
bbl.  ppr  day;  the  crown  block  had  been 
knocked  off  and  oil  was  spouting  200  ft. 
above  the  ground.  Within  the  past  few 
days  the  flow  for  short  periods  has  been 
as  high  as  a  .SO.OOO  bbl.  rate. 

This  well  has  been  a  remarkable  per- 
former. Drilling  was  started  in  the  lat- 
ter part  of  April,  of  the  present  year, 
and  the  well  was  completed  in  18  days. 
At  820  ft.  a  fine-grade  of  oil  sand  was 
encountered;  drilling  was  continued  in 
this  material  to  1000  ft.,  the  present 
depth  of  the  well.  One  string  of  I2'/.-in. 
casing  was  used.  No  water  was  encoun- 
tered and  the  oil  shows  a  gravity  of  22 
degrees. 


RECORn  OF  No.  79  Rivals  That  of  Lake- 
view  Gusher 

Following  is  the  official  record  of  this 
gusher:  Well  No.  79  brought  in  in  May, 
1910,  at  1000  bbl.  per  day,  increasing  to 
3000  bbl.  by  July  25.  July  26,  8000- bbl.; 
July  27,  7000  bbl.;  July  28,  4000  bbl.  and 
making  a  great  amount  of  sand;  July  29- 
30,  10,000  bbl.;  July  31  to  Aug.  4,  8000 
to  8600  bbl.,  with  tremendous  gas  pres- 
sure; Aug.  5-8,  15.000  to  16.000  bbl.,  at 
times  flowing  at  the  rate  of  20.000  bbl. 
per  day.  On  Aug.  9  the  well  sanded  but 
soon  resumed  flowing  at  an  increased 
rate. 

Up  to  the  present  date,  Aug.  21, 
the  average  has  gradually  worked  up  to 
25,000  bbl.,  the  flow  at  times  having 
reached  a  rate  of  50,000  bbl.  per  day. 


Well  No.  79.  AlinwAY  Field,  California 

Well  No.  68  of  the  American  Oilfield*., 
situated  about  1200  ft.  northeast  of  the 
No.  79,  is  fast  assuming  the  proportions 
of  a  gusher.  This  well  was  brought  in 
about  10  days  ago  and  is  now  flowing  at 
a  rate  of  6000  bbl.  per  day  and  making  a 
great  amount  of  sand. 

Although  well  No.  79  of  the  Amc-'-an 
Oilfields  is  now  spouting  a  quantity  of  oil 
slightly  in  excess  of  the  output  of  the 
great  Lakcview  gusher,  the  former  has 
not  had  the  spectacular  career  of  its 
neighbor.  The  Lakeview  is  now  flowing 
between  20.000  and  22,000  bbl.  per  day. 
For  about  three  months  it  averaged  about 
.SO.OOO  bbl  ,  while  the  greatest  recorded 
flow  was  at  the  rate  of  92,000  bbl.  per 
day. 


The    Salt    Lake   Conservation 
Meeting 

The  governors  of  Utah,  Washington, 
Wyoming  and  Idaho,  also  representatives 
of  the  governors  of  Oregon,  California, 
Colorado,  Nevada  and  Minnesota  met  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  Aug.  18,  to  discuss  con- 
servation. The  meeting  was  for  the  pur- 
pose of  deciding  upon  a  course  of  action 
to  be  followed  by  the  Rocky  Mountain 
and  Pacific  Coast  States,  at  the  National 
Conservation  Congress,  which  will  be 
held  in  St.  Paul,  Sept.  5  to  9,  and  to  place 
before  the  St.  Paul  congress  the  views  of 
the  States  most  vitally  concerned.  A 
platform  of  principles  was  decided  on,  the 
substance  of  which  is: 

(  1  I  That  the  National  Congress  ad- 
here to  the  doctrine  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
that  the  public  lands  are  an  impermanent 
national  possession,  held  in  trust  for  the 
maturing  States. 

(2)  That  the  State  government  is 
capable  of  devising  and  administering 
laws  for  the  conservation  of  public  prop- 
erty, and  that  the  national  and  State 
government  legislatively  cooperate  to  the 
end  that  within  a  reasonable  period  the 
State  government  oe  conceded  the  full  ad- 
ministration of  such  conservative  laws  as 
may  be  found  to  be  best  adapted  to  the 
varying  conditions  of  the  several   States. 

(3)  That  the  experience  of  the  con- 
servation States  shows  that  dispositions 
of  public  property  made  under  existing 
national  conservation  laws  have  tended 
to  intrench  monopolies,  menacing  the 
common  welfare, and  that  modifications  of 
such  laws  should  be  promoted  by  the 
conservation  congress. 

(4)  That  the  elimination  from  the 
natitinal  forest  reserves  of  all  homestead 
and  untinibered  grazing  land  is  immedi- 
ately expedient. 

(5)  That  the  use  and  control  of  all 
power  adhere  of  right  in  the  States,  with- 
in restrictions  insuring  perpetual  freedom 
from  monopoly. 

(6lThaf  the  privilege  of  American  cit- 
izens to  seek  and  develop  mineral  wealth 
wherever  it  may  be  found  should  be  fully 
amplified   and   secured   by   laws. 

(7)  That  the  idea  of  deriving  Federal 
revenue  from  the  physical  resources  of 
the  States  is  repugnant  to  that  adjustment 
of  constitutional  powers  which  guaran- 
tees the  perpetuity  of  the  Union. 

The  governors  have  been  invited  to 
meet  the  mining,  coal  and  oil  operators 
at  the  American  Mining  Congress,  at  Los 
Angeles,  Sept.  26  to  Oct.  1,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  framing  a  western  conservation 
policy  in  national  legislation. 


The  gold  production  from  lode  mining 
in  Alaska  in  1909,  according  to  a  press 
bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
amounted  to  .'^4.!07.v%3.  this  figure  in- 
cluding the  gold  derived  from  copper 
ores. 


441 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as" 
Large  Mines.      Tilings  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Automatic  Railways  at  the  Cheever 
Mine,  New  York 


The  Cheever  Iron  Ore  Company,  at 
Port  Henry,  N.  Y.,  has  installed  two  lines 
of  Hunt  automatic  railways  to  carry  the 
ore  from  the  headframe  storage  bins  to 
the  bins  at  the  magnetic-separating  mill. 
The  installation  of  these  railways,  be- 
cause of  the  grade  required,  necessitated 
the  construction  of  two  new  wooden  head- 
frames,  built  on  large  blocks  of  mono- 
lithic concrete.  Each  bin  has  a  storage 
capacity  of  over  300  tons.  The  Weldon 
headframe  is  200  ft.  from  the  mill  and 
the  trestled  railway  over  the  uneven  topo- 
graphy has  a  grade  approximating  3  per 
cent.  A  grade  of  i;4  per  cent,  is  given 
on  the  scales  platform,  in  the  next  20  ft. 
the  drop  is  18  in.  while  the  grade  dimin- 


AijTOMATic  Tramway  from  Weldon 
Shaft 

ishes  from  this  point  to  the  last  60  ft. 
which  is  level.  The  Tunnel-pit  headframe 
is  about  300  ft.  from  the  mill  storage 
and  the  trestle  work  is  given  a  fall  of 
about  9  feet. 

Wooden  cars  with  plate  lining,  having 
2  tons  capacity,  and  of  the  Hunt  type, 
are  used.  Two  men  operate  both  auto- 
matic systems.  After  drawing  off  the 
storage  from  one  bin  they  unload  from 
the  other  storage.  The  car  is  loaded  at 
the  headframes  and  weighed  on  a  .SO- 
ton  Fairbanks  track  scale.  The  weighing 
platform  is  6x24  ft.,  so  that  ore  may  be 
drawn  from  any  one  of  the  three  chutes 
opened  by  gates  operated  by  air  hoists. 

The  loaded  car  on  being  released  runs 
down  the  track,  striking  a  bunting  stick 


which  slides  on  the  rails  and  which  is 
attached  to  an  endless  cable  traveling 
in  the  center  line  of  the  tracks.  The  mo- 
mentum of  the  car  moves  the  bunting 
block  to  a  point  over  the  mill  bin  and 
near  one  of  the  cable  sheaves,  where  the 
sides  of  the  car  are  mechanically  opened 
and  the  contents  discharged.  The  bunt- 
ing block  absorbs  the  energy  of  the  car 
in  lifting  a  triangle  counterweight.  As 
the  counterweight  falls  it  gives  the  empty 
car  sufficient  start  up  the  incline  to  re- 
turn the  car  to  the  headframe  storage 
bins. 

On  the  Weldon  system  a  round  trip 
is  made  in  30  sec,  while  45  sec.  are  con- 
sumed in  locking  the  car  gates,  loading, 
and  releasing  the  car.  On  the  Tunnel-pit 
system,  the  round  trip  is  made  in  45  sec. 
and  the  same  time  is  consumed  in  load- 
ing.    At  this  rate  the  two  railways  would 


costs  the  harbor  commission  lOc.  per 
cu.yd.  to  dig  and  dump  this  mud  into  the 
deep  waters  of  the  bay.  In  the  oil  industry 
some  good  material  has  been  needed  to 
seal  oil  wells,  line  oil  reservoirs,  etc.,  and 
it  is  found  that  this  bay  mud  is  suited  to 
this  purpose.  The  mud  is  being  taken  from 
the  slips  and  shipped  to  the  oilfields 
where  it  is  being  sold  at  S120  per  carload. 
The  demand  has  exceeded  the  supply  and 
the  harbor  commissioners  have  now 
placed  a  price  of  25c.  per  cu.yd.  on  it. 


Steel  Floll  Shells 

The  accompanying  illustration  shows 
six  worn  roll  shells  that  were  discarded 
after  over  ten  months'  continuous  service 
at  the  Cobalt  Central  mill  at  Cobalt, 
Ont.     These  shells  were   made    bv    the 


Steel  Roll  Shells  Worn  to 


-IN.  Thickness  at  the  Cobalt  Central 
Mill 


handle  about  5000  tons  per  day  of  two 
10-hour  shifts,  and  permit  one  and  one- 
half  hours  delay  during  the  20  hours' 
work.  If  worked  to  this  capacity  the 
tramming  costs  on  crude  ore  from  head- 
frames  to  mill  would  be  less  than  "'-^c 
per  ton.  This  includes  labor,  mainten- 
ance and  allows  for  approximate  charge 
per  ton  for  installation. 


Chrome  Steel  Works  of  Adamantine  steel 
3\s  in.  thick  and,  as  shown  in  the  photo- 
graph, wore  so  evenly  that  they  could 
be  used  until  only  '  j  in.  thick.  This  is 
an  unusually  good  record  and  the  fact 
that  all  six  shells  wore  equally  well 
testifies  to  the  uniformity  and  excellence 
of  the  material  used  in  their  construction. 


'Mud  Paint' 


from  San 
Bay 


'  rancisco 


The  mud  dredged  from  the  bottom  of 
San  Francisco  bay  by  the  State  Harbor 
Commission  is  soft,  sticky,  blue-black 
material  and  is  almost  like  a  paint.     It 


Custom  treatment  plants  operated  by 
the  government  of  Western  Australia 
(Min.  Journ.,  June  25,  1910  (  are  proving 
a  great  boon  to  the  operators  of  small 
mines.  The  only  objection  seems  to  be 
that  an  opportunity  is  afforded  to  get 
quick  returns  from  high-grade  ores,  after 
which  the  mines  are  in  many  cases  aban- 
doned. 


September  3,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


445 


Skip    Pocket    and    Station    at 
Leonard   Mine,  Butte 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  the 
general  idea  of  the  arrangement  and  tim- 
bering of  the  skip  pocket  and  station,  on 
the  ISOO-ft.  level,  in  the  No.  2  shaft  of 
the  Leonard  mine,  at  Butte,  Mont.  The 
excavation  for  the  skip  pocket  is  started 
a;  a  point,  five  timber  sets  (25  ft.)  from 
the  shaft.  It  is  carried  straight  down  for 
two  sets  and  then  benched  in  three  5-ft. 
steps,  the  bottom  being  two  sets  wide. 
From  the  bottom  of  the  pocket  the  exca- 
vation is  carried  down  the  width  of  the 
shaft  for  three  sets. 

A  sheet-steel  gate  operated  by  a  com- 
pressed-air cylinder  controls  the  discharge 
of  ore  from  the  pocket  into  an  apron, 
also  of  sheet  steel.  The  lip  of  this  apron, 
when  turned  down,  extends  over  the  edge 
of  the  skip  so  that  the  ore  is  run  directly 
into  the  latter.     The  lip  of  the  apron  is 

m 

/1 


/ 
V 


V 


/ 


/ 


/ 


Lagging 


Packed  with  Waste 

/ 


-25- 


/ 


Skip    Pocket 


w 


Plalfo 


Open 


'^ 


/ 


■V 


V 


•A 


/ 


-Afr  OpL-ra'ted  Chute  (late  , 

/  /    / 


l/ 
/ 

/ 
/ 


Tlie  EnfinMring  f  Mining  JoumaU 


Skip  Pocket  at  1800-ft.  Level  of 
Leonard  Mine,  Butte,  Mont. 

raised  and  lowered  by  compressed  air. 
To  operate  the  gate  and  apron,  a  man 
stands  on  a  platform  on  the  second  set 
of  the  compartment  beside  the  shaft. 

Timbering  of  Station 
The  level  station  is  first  timbered  with 
square  sets,  as  shown  by  the  dotted  lines 
in  the  sketch.  Two  8xI0-in.  stringers  are 
then  run  out  under  the  top  caps  for 
three  sets,  one  end  of  each  stringer  being 
blocked  up  from  the  shaft-wall  plate,  the 
other  from  a  cap  of  the  third  set  from 
the  shaft.  Support  is  thus  given  to  the 
roof  of  the  station,  while  the  first  two 
sets  of  square-set  timber  are  removed 
and  replaced  by  the  permanent  station 
sets.  Stringers  are  then  blocked  up  in 
a  similar  manner,  to  span  the  next  two 
sets,  timbers  removed  and  replaced,  etc. 
The  posts  of  the  station  sets  are  13 
ft.  long,  made   of    14xl4-in.   timber,    12x 


14-in.  material  being  used  for  the  caps. 
The  space,  usually  a  couple  of  feet  high, 
above  the  station  timbering,  is  filled  in 
with  waste;  3-in.  lagging  is  used  over 
the   top   and   sides  of  the  station   sets. 

A  one-inch  space  is  left  between  pieces 
of  lagging  to  allow  a  free  circulation  of 
air  and  thus  check  rotting  of  the  timbers. 
A  station  may  be  carried  back  as  far  as 
is  necessary  to  provide  ample  room  for 
handling  cars.  Beginning  with  the  fourth 
set  from  the  shaft,  the  bottom  of  the  sta- 
tion should  be  raised  !4  in.  per  set  to 
give  the  necessary  grade  to  the  approach. 
The  station  at  the  Leonard  mine  is  21 '/'. 
ft.  wide  and  provided  with  a  double-track 
approach. 


Extraction    of    Iron    from    Ore  and 
Pulp* 

By  W.  C.  Brown 

The  following  details  and  sketches 
show  a  machine  I  have  designed  to  re- 
move iron  from  stamp-mill  pulp. 


used  as  a  pulley  to  revolve  the  magnet. 
In  the  top  of  the  core  a  brass  plug  £  is 
screwed.  This  serves  as  a  bearing,  and 
the  whole  is  revolved  on  the  spindle  C, 
which  is  secured  in  a  cast-iron  foot  H. 
The  exciting  current  of  this  magnet  is 
2;i  amp.  at  100  volts,  direct  current  be- 
ing used. 

The  magnet  revolves  at  six  r.p.m.  and 
is  driven  through  a  worm  gear  by  a 
^-h.p.  motor.  A  'ii-in.  cotton  rope 
passes  over  the  pulley  F  and  over  a 
grooved  pulley  on  the  worm  gear,  a  suit- 
able tightener  being  fitted  to  take  up  the 
slack. 

Method    of    Operation 

Fig.  2  shows  the  position  of  the  magnet 
in  relation  to  the  classifier  under  which  it 
is  placed.  The  pole  plate  is  at  an  angle 
of  35  deg.  The  pulp  falls  on  the  center 
of  the  plate  and  flows  in  a  widening 
stream  to  the  bottom  edge.  The  iron 
particles  are  all  caught  on  the  edge  of 
the  plate  and  scraped  off  by  a  piece  of 
canvas  belting. 

No  iron  of  any  size  passes  the  magnet, 


C*.-,       1  Flf"      2    ^''' ^'*ff'^'"^'^lf  i Mtmng  Journal 

Brown  Electromagnet  for  Removing  Iron  Particles  from  Pulp 


Construction 

In  Fig.  1  ^  is  a  cast-iron  core,  10'4 
in.  long  by  6  in.  diameter,  with  hollow 
in  center  2  in.  diameter.  B  is  a  circular 
pole,  face  20  in.  diameter,  turned  per- 
fectly flat  on  top,  the  under  side  being 
tapered  gradually  from  the  edge,  which 
is  '/i  in.  thick  to  the  top  of  the  core, 
where  it  is  !'..  in.  thick.  It  is  secured  to 
the  core  by  four  '..-in.  countersunk 
screws. 

The  exciting  coil  D  consists  of  5120 
turns  of  No.  18  copper  wire,  wound  on 
a  bobbin  made  of  sheet  iron  with  brass 
flanges.  The  whole  is  made  water  tight 
with  a  zinc  covering  soldered  to  the  iron 
bobbin.  One  end  of  the  coil  is  grounded, 
and  the  other  end  brought  out  to  a  slip 
ring  G.  Between  the  slip  ring  and  core 
a  fiber  insulator  F  is  placed,  to  which 
the  slip  ring  is  secured.  The  insulator  F 
is  grooved  as  shown,  so  that  it  can  be 

•Excerpts  from  an  iirllcli'  in  Tiuiia.  So.  Afi-. 
lust  Elcc.   BnRrs.,   May.   1010. 


and  only  the  very  finest  is  lost.  This  is 
due  to  the  fine  iron  not  being  able  to 
come  in  contact  with  the  plate  anti  is 
carried  away  by  the  heavy  pulp. 


Precautions  for  Handling  Caps 
and  Fuse 


The  following  compilation  of  "Don'ts" 
to  be  observed  in  the  handling  of  blasting 
caps,  electric  fuse  and  safety  fuse  should 
be  interesting  to  mining  operators.  Pos- 
sibly misfires  would  be  minimized  and 
accidents  prevented  by  posting  copies  of 
the  list  of  "Don'ts"  where  workmen  will 
observe  them.  It  is  a  well  known  fact 
that  a  great  many  of  the  accidents  about 
mines  are  directly  traceable  to  the  care- 
less handling  of  caps;  electric  fuses 
should  be  handled  just  as  carefully.  The 
precautions  as  set  forth  in  the  advance 
sheets  of  the  new  catalog  of  the  E.  I. 
du  Pont  de  Nemours  Powder  Company 
are: 


446 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Don't  carry  blasting  caps  or  electric 
fuses  in  your  pocket. 

Don't  tap  or  otherwise  investigate  a 
cap  or  electric  fuse. 

Don't  attempt  to  abstract  caps  from  the 
box  by  inserting  a  wire  nail  or  other 
sharp  instrument. 

Don't  try  to  withdraw  the  wires  from 
an   electric   fuse. 

Don't  fasten  a  cap  to  the  fuse  by  biting 
it  or  flattening  it  with  a  knife.  Use  a 
cap  crimper. 

Don't  keep  electric  fuses,  blasting  ma- 
chines or  caps  in  a  damp  place. 

Don't  attempt  to  use  electric  fuses  with 
the  regular  insulation  in  wet  work. 

Don't  worry  along  with  old,  broken 
leadi-^  or  connecting  wire.     A  new  sup- 


Car  Stopping  Devices    on  Gravity 
Inclines 


It  is  of  great  importance  to  have,  at  the 
upper  end  of  every  gravity  plane,  a  de- 
vice to  regulate  the  admission  of  cars, 
one  at  a  time,  to  the  plane,  and  at  the 
same  time  protect  the  men  working 
at  the  bottom.  Figs.  1  to  4  illustrate 
three  different  types  of  appliances  used 
in  Germany  to  accomplish  this. 

The  device  shown  in  Fig.  1  consists  of 
a  pair  of  stops,  one  at  the  extreme  top 
and  the  other  a  distance  of  2  m.  down 
the  incline;  both  are  raised  into  effective 
position  by  cams  keyed  to  axles  which  lie 


Fig.  1 


to  the  wheels  of  the  cars.  When  one  rail 
is  blocked,  the  other  is  free,  so  that  to 
permit  the  cars  to  pass  one  at  a  time 
it  is  only  necessary  to  rotate  the  axle 
through  a  few  degrees  alternately  to  one 
side  and  the  other.  The  top  tender  does 
this    with    his    foot. 

The  type  of  which  two  views  are  shown 
in  Figs.  3  and  4  consists  of  a  heavy, 
square  beam  pivoted  at  its  ends  and  ex- 
tending across  the  top  of  the  incline  at  a 
sufficient  hight  to  permit  the  loaded 
cars  to  pass  beneath  it.  At  one  end  of 
the  beam  is  a  single-notched  ratchet  en- 
gaging a  pawl,  which  prevents  the  former 
from  rotating  beyond  a  certain  point. 
Two  strong  arms  are  fastened  to  the 
square  beam  in  such  a  way  as  to  block 


ITS 


EZ3 


Fig.  2 


Fig.  3 


Ttie  Engintering  ^  Mining  Journal 


Some  Ger.\.an   Car-stopping   Devices 


ply  won't  cost  much  and  will  pay  for  it- 
self many  times  over. 

Don't  handle  fuse  carelessly  in  cold 
weather,  for  when  cold  it  is  stiff  and 
breaks  easily. 

Don't  store  or  transport  caps  or  electric 
fuses  with   high  explosives. 

Don't  store  fuse  in  a  hot  place  as  this 
may  dry  it  out  so  that  uncoiling  will 
break  it. 

Don't  lace  fuse  through  dynamite  cart- 
ridges. This  practice  is  frequently  re- 
sponsible  for  the  burning  of  the  charge. 

Don't  operate  blasting  machines  half- 
heartcdlv.  They  are  built  to  be  operated 
with  full  force.  They  must  be  kept  clean 
and  dry. 

Don't  allow  priming  (the  placing  of  the 
fuse  and  cap  or  the  electric  fuse  in  the 
high-explosive  cartridge)  to  be  done  in 
the  thawing  house. 

Don't  cut  fuse  short  to  save  time.  It 
ir  a  dangerous  economy. 


underneath  and  across  the  track.  The 
movement  of  the  axles  is  controlled  by 
levers  connected  in  such  a  way  that  a 
single  motion  of  the  hand  lever  will  raise 
one  stop  into  position  and  simultaneously 
drop  the  other  out  of  position.  The  first 
motion  of  the  hand  lever  drops  the  upper 
stop,  permitting  the  car  to  start  down  the 
incline.  The  car  is  blocked  by  the  second 
stop,  until  a  motion  in  the  opposite  di- 
rection lowers  this  stop,  allowing  the  car 
to  pass  down  the  incline,  and  raises  the 
upper  stop 'into  position  to  retain  the  next 
following  car. 

The  apparatus  shown  in  Fig.  2  consists 
of  an  axle  about  1  m.  long,  lying  below 
and  parallel  to  the  rails,  and  supported 
in  this  position  by  two  journal  boxes.  To 
each  end  of  the  axle  is  fastened  an  arm, 
at  90  deg.  to  one  another,  of  such  length 
that  the  extreme  end  of  each  arm  will 
reach  out  and  rest  upon  the  top  of  the 
adjacent  rail,  thus  forming  an  obstruction 


the  passing  of  a  car  on  either  track  so 
long  as  the  pawl  holds.  The  latter  can 
be  released  by  pulling  the  handle  on  the 
end  of  the  cord,  which  is  within  reach 
of  the  top  tender,  allowing  the  car  to 
pass.  As  soon  as  it  has  gone  far  enough, 
the  arms  fall  back  into  their  first  position, 
and  their  impetus  carries  the  notch  in  the 
ratchet  to  within  reach  of  the  pawl,  when 
the  device  is  ready  for  the  next  car.  It 
is  apparent  that  the  apparatus  interposes 
no  obstruction  to  the  passing  of  a  car 
coming   up   hill. 

The  danger  to  be  apprehended  in  the 
device  last  described  is  that,  if  two  cars 
should  follow  one  another  closely,  in 
passing  over  the  knuckle,  by  the  time 
the  first  car  had  gone  far  enough  to  re- 
lease the  restraining  arm,  the  second  car 
would  be  so  far  advanced  as  to  prevent 
the  ratchet  from  establishing  connection 
with  the  pawl,  and  the  second  car  would 
race  the  first  one  down  the  hill. 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


447 


Zinc  Dust  Feeder 

Bv  A.  B.  Parsons* 

The  accompanying  sketch  illustrates 
the  simple  but  satisfactory  method  in 
use  at  the  Goldfield  Consolidated  mill 
and  a  number  of  other  Western  cyanide 
plants  for  the  zinc-dust  precipitation  of 
cyanide  solutions.  In  the  Consolidated 
mill  there  are  three  precipitating  sump 
tanks,  one  for  strong  and  two  for  weak 
solution.  By  simply  changing  valves  the 
zinc  dust  can  be  switched  to  any  of  the 
three  tanks,  solution  being  run  into  the 
others  while  the  contents  of  one  are  be- 
ing pumped  through  the  presses. 

In  each  tank  there  is  a  float,  attached 
to  which  is  a  cord  that  passes,  as  shown 
in  the  sketch,  about  the  pulley  that  ad- 
vances the  rubber  belt  carrying  the  dust. 
The  belt  is  thus  advanced  as  the  level  of 
the  solution  lowers  in  the  tank  and  at  a 
rate  depending  upon  the  adjustment 
made.  The  number  of  tons  per  inch  of 
solution  in  the  tank,  or  what  is  the  same 
thing,  per  equivalent  length  of  belt,  is 
known   and   the   desired   amount   of  zinc 

Water  — »■ 


The  accompanying  drawing  only  indi- 
cates the  arrangement  of  the  cone  in 
which  the  zinc  dust  is  emulsified.  A  '4. 
in.  water  line  is  turned  down  into  the 
cone,  terminating  close  to  its  bottom.  The 
outlet  pipe  from  the  cone  connects  to  the 
precipitating-pipe  inlet.  It  is  a  1-in.  line 
and  is  provided  with  a  valve  at  a  point 
between  the  cone  and  where  connection 
is  made  to  the  fresh-water  system.  This 
water  pipe  is  also  controlled  by  a  valve. 
The  fresh  water  is  only  used  to  flush  out 
the  system. 


Covering  Galvanized  Iron  with 
Lead 


To  coat  iron  with  a  covering  of  lead 
which  will  be  in  absolute  metallic  contact 
is  a  difficult  operation.  Valves  and  small 
fittings  made  of  iron  well  galvanized  on 
the  exterior  may  be  homogeneously  cov- 
ered with  lead  in  the  workshop  by  any 
mechanic. 

The  method  consists  in  immersing 
the     piece     to     be     coated     in     water 


Zinc  Dust 

i 
■^ 

PulIeyX" 
/           Rubber  Hose 

(1 

/Cotton 

Rubber  Belt-^ 

^ 

b 

From  Gold  Tank^ 

Counterweieht  -C 

\ 

Precipitating      1 i- 

SumD  Tank    /^ 

y  "^loat,,^ 

To  Merrill 

Precipitating 

Presses 


Q 


Triplex  Pump 

ZiNC-nusT   Feeding  and   Precipitating  Arrangement 


Mining  Jour\ 


Shock  Arrester  on  Dredges 


On  some  of  the  boats  of  the  Yuba  Con- 
solidated Goldfields,  operating  near  Ham- 
monton,  Cal.,  shock  arresters  are  used  to 
take  up  the  jar  from  the  spud.  There  is 
an  enormous  strain  on  the  spud  of  a 
dredge  when  it  is  digging  in  hard  or  deep 
ground.  When  the  bucket  lines  become 
suddenly  stopped  on  account  of  en- 
countering a  boulder,  etc,  the  shock  is 
at  once  transmitted  to  the  spud  and 
thence,  of  course  to  the  hull  of  the 
boat. 

To  eliminate  this  shock,  insofar  as  pos- 
sible, springs  from  standard  car  trucks 
are  placed  against  a  bumper,  usually  a 
tie,  that  is  fixed  outside,  or  astern,  of  the 
spud.  The  springs  are  bolted  through 
the  spud  casing  and  similar  cross  tim- 
bers on  the  other  side  of  the  spud.  The 
stock  of  the  springs  is  1  Yz  in.,  they  are 
7' J   in.  in  diameter  and  9  in.  long,  there 


Spud 


-Vintnp  Journal 


Car   Springs   Arrangi-d   as   Shock   Ab- 
sorbers IN  Dredge 


per  ton  of  solution  is  spread  along  the 
belt. 

Fresh  water  mixes  with  the  zinc  in  a 
funnel-like  arrangement  and  flushes  it 
through  a  rubber  hose  to  the  intake  of 
the  main  precipitating  line  for  the  par- 
ticular tank  being  pumped.  Two  triplex 
pumps  are  used  to  pump  the  solution  to 
the  Alerrill  presses  in  the  refinery  at  the 
upper  end  of  the  mill.  The  precipitation 
is  largely  effected  during  passage  through 
about  400  ft.  of  pipe.  Not  only  does  the  de- 
vice require  little  attention,  but  it  assures 
an  exceptionally  uniform  introduction  of 
the  dust  in  exactly  the  required  quan- 
tity. 

In  the  Montana-Tonopah  mill  at  Tono- 
pah,  Nev.,  where  the  same  method  of 
introducing  zinc  dust  is  employed,  it  has 
been  found  advisable  to  introduce  com- 
pressed air  along  with  water  in  the 
funnel  into  which  the  belt  discharges  the 
dust,  A  better  emulsion  of  the  dust  is 
thus  obtained  and  more  complete  precipi- 
tation assisted  thereby. 

•Goldfipld.  Xev. 


to  which  a  few  drops  of  sulphuric 
acid  have  been  added.  Then  while  in  the 
acid  water  the  piece  is  readily  amalga- 
mated in  the  usual  way  by  squeezmg 
mercury  through  close-woven  cloth  all 
over  its  surface  and  thoroughly  rubbing 
it  in.  The  excess  mercury  is  rubbed  off 
and  the  piece  carefully  dried  without 
heat,  and  then  immersed  in  a  bath  of 
lead  which  should  be  well  above  its  melt- 
ing point,  so  that  it  would  not  tend  to 
solidify  by  introduction  of  the  cold  piece. 
The  casting  may  be  withdrawn  after  about 
20  seconds  and  will  be  found  to  be 
homogeneously  covered  with  lead. 

This  method  requires  the  piece  to  be 
galvanized  before  applying  the  lead  and 
the  galvanizing  must  be  in  good  condition, 
otherwise  the  subsequent  amalgamation 
will  be   imperfect. 

On  account  of  the  mercury  fumes 
gives  off,  it  is  not  an  operation  one  would 
wish  to  carry  out  day  in  and  day  out,  and 
on  large  pieces,  but  the  method  is  sim- 
ple and,  of  course,  can  be  applied  to  any 
metal  or  alloy  that  can  be  amalgamated. 


being  two  coils  one  fitting  inside  of  the 
other.  Two  springs  are  used  on  each 
frame  and  four  frames  on  each  spud. 

When  a  heavy  shock  comes  upon  the 
spud,  instead  of  being  transmitted  direct- 
ly to  the  frame  of  the  ooat  through  the 
bumper,  it  is  taken  up  in  large  measure 
by  the  springs,  the  bumper  being  held 
in  place  by  the  rods  that  connect  the 
springs  to  the  main  spud  casing.  This 
saves  the  hull  of  the  boat  from  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  shock,  and  hence 
tends  to    lengthen   its   life   materially. 


Since  the  Cobalt  Hydraulic  Company 
installed  valves  to  control  the  amount  of 
air  supplied  to  each  consumer,  a  ma- 
terial increase  in  the  pressure  has  taken 
place.  The  total  load  had  risen  from  2000 
cu.ft.  per  minute  to  practically  double 
that  amount,  while  only  a  few  more  drills 
had  been  added.  This  was  due  to  the 
fact  that  many  of  the  mines  were  wast- 
ing air  and  using  a  much  greater  amount 
than  their  contract  called   for. 


448 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Mining  Legislation  in  Queensland,  Australia 

Mount  Morgan  Gold   Mining  Company  exchanged  Freehold  Grants  for 
Government  Leases.      Privileges  Granted  in  Return  lor  Railroad  Building 


B    Y 


C 


V    E    A    T    C    H=^= 


If  someone  should  suggest  that  a 
powerful  gold-mining  company  in  the 
United  States,  owning  the  freehold  of  a 
property  which  was  paying  from  $1,500,- 
000  to  $5,500,000  per  year  in  dividends, 
had  on  its  own  initiative  taxed  itsell 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Government  25c. 
on  every  ounce  of  gold  it  extracted,  what 
would  you  say  about  it?  This  is  ex- 
actly what  has  happened  in  Queensland. 

In  1864  a  tract  of  low-grade  grazing 
land  was  purchased  from  the  Govern- 
ment and  a  deed  of  grant  was  issued 
containing  no  reservations  and  as  fully 
conveying  the  minerals  as  a  Govern- 
ment patent  would  in  the  United  States. 
In  1882  the  Alorgan  brothers  discovered 
gold  on  this  land  and  bought  the  640 
acres  in  the  original  tract  from  the  first 
purchaser.  In  1894  an  act  was  passed 
by  the  Queensland  Parliament,  at  the 
request  of  the  Mt.  Morgan  Gold  Mining 
Company,  permitting  this  company  to 
surrender  its  land  and  take  out  govern- 
ment gold-mining  leases.  The  company 
has  since  that  time  paid  Is.  per  oz.  on 
all  gold  extracted. 

Common  Law  Rights 
The  cause  of  this  singular  action  lies 
in  the  common-law  right  of  the  Gov- 
ernment to  all  gold  in  all  lands,  except 
when  it  has  been  specifically  conveyed 
to  the  freeholder.  Only  a  few  of  the 
early  deeds  of  grant  in  Australia  con- 
tained a  reservation  of  gold  and  silver, 
and  about  1840,  or  before  any  land  was 
sold  in  Queensland,  the  policy  of  insert- 
ing any  reservations  was  abandoned. 

It  was  officially  announced  on  sev- 
eral occasions  that  all  grants  would 
convey  all  minerals  and  the  people  of 
Australia  had  the  same  reason  for  think- 
ing that  they  owned  the  gold  in  the  land 
to  which  they  had  title  as  the  people  in 
the  United  States  have  today.  After  the 
discovery  of  gold  the  government  in 
New  South  Wales  and  Victoria  asserted 
that  under  the  common  law  it  owned 
the  gold  in  all  land  whether  alienated  or 
not,  and  if  alienated  wheresoever  situ- 
ated. This  matter  was  fought  out  in  the 
courts  of  Victoria  and  finally  went  on 
appeal  to  the  court  of  last  resort  under 
the  English  law,  the  Privy  Council.  This 
body,  in  1877,  decided  that  a  grant  does 
not  convey  gold  and  silver  "unless  the 
intention  that  such  minerals  should  pass 
i--  expressly  stated  in  apt  and  precise 
words." 


•fk'oloKlHt,  V.  S.  Gt'oloKlcnl  Siiivi'.v,  Wiish- 
Ington,    D.    C. 


Although  this  doctrine  had  never  been 
enforced  in  Queensland,  the  great  value 
of  Mt.  Morgan  led  to  several  attempts 
on  the  part  of  schemers  and  promoters 
to  wrest  the  title  from  those  who  had 
purchased  the  land.  The  suits  which  they 
brought  were  based  on  the  sole  conten- 
tion that  under  the  common  law  the  free- 
holder had  no  right  to  the  gold.  These 
suits  were  successively  dismissed  on  the 
tirisis  that  as  the  claimants  could  not  show 
a  better  title  than  the  company  in  pos- 
session, there  was  no  justice  in  trans- 
ferring the  title,  and  that  whatever  may 
or  may  not  have  been  the  right  of  the 
freeholder  to  mine  the  gold,  the  contest- 
ants clearly  had  no  rights  at  all.  Had 
the  government  instituted  suit,  through 
the  attorney  general,  the  common-law 
right  of  the  government  would  have 
been  involved  and  the  result  would  have 
been  different,  but  the  government  re- 
mained quiescent  and  the  company  con- 
tinued to  develop  the  gold.  Up  to  the 
close  of  1893  this  mine  produced  gold 
to  the  value  of  £4,725,386,  and  paid  divi- 
dends amounting  to  £3,350,000. 

Mineral  Lands  Act  Amendment 

Recognizing  the  enormous  value  and 
long  life  of  the  property,  the  company 
began  to  fear  that  if  a  radical  govern- 
ment came  into  power  it  might  enforce 
the  common-. aw  right  of  the  state,  claim 
all  the  gold  in  the  land,  and  demand  an 
accounting  from  the  company  for  the 
gold  already  extracted.  Accordingly, 
there  appeared  in  the  Mineral  Lands  Act 
amendment  of  1894  clauses  introduced 
at  the  request  of  the  Mt.  Alorgan  com- 
pany, which  gave  to  any  freeholder  the 
right  to  surrender  his  land  to  the  gov- 
ernment and  upon  such  surrender  to  re- 
ceive in  lieu  therefor  a  grant  specifically 
reserving  to  the  government  all  gold  and 
silver.  The  owner  of  such  surrendered 
land  was  given  the  preference  right  to 
iTiake  within  .50  days  after  such  surren- 
der an  application  for  a  gold-mining 
lease  covering  the  land  involved.  The 
Mt.  Morgan  company  immediately  sur- 
rendered the  75  acres  of  its  freehold, 
which  contained  the  deposits  they  were 
then  working,  received  therefor  freehold 
patents  with  the  above  reservations,  and 
three  government  gold  leases  of  25  acres 
each,  and  has  since  paid  a  royalty  on  all 
gold  extracted.  This  royalty  now  ex- 
ceeds .S30,000  per  year. 

In  Queensland  today  owners  may  eith- 
er follow  the  example  of  the  Mt.  Morgan 
company,  or  mine  the  gold  on  their  own 


responsibility,  as  in  the  United  States. 
It  is,  however,  more  than  probable  that 
within  the  next  r.;w  years  Queensland 
will  assert  its  right  in  this  respect  and 
provide  for  mining  on  private  property 
along  the  lines  followed  in  the  Western 
Australia  mining  law.  Such  provisions 
are  made  in  the  mining  bill  now  before 
Parliament  and  meet  the  approval  of  the 
{,reat  majority  of  people  in  Queensiana 

It  might  be  pertinent  to  inquire  in  this 
connection:  Would  such  a  powerful  com- 
pany in  the  United  States  endeavor  to 
piotect  itself  in  this  way,  or  would  it 
conclude  that  it  was  better  "business" 
to  buy  a  dispensation  from  the  legisla- 
ture transferring  the  right  of  the  State 
to  the  corporation? 

Perhaps  the  choice  in  this  matter  in 
Queensland  did  not  lie  as  fully  witl  ■ 
the  corporation  as  it  has  in  some  in- 
stances in  the  United  States.  Perhaps 
the  people's  representatives  would  have 
been  willing  to  use  their  wits  to  see  that 
the  state  was  protected,  and  would  have 
permitted  no  "grab"  in  this  Queensland 
case  even  had  the  company  attempted 
it  The  ability  and  willingness  of  the 
legislators  of  Queensland  to  see  that  the 
government  does  not  receive  the  worst 
of  a  bargain  is  well  illustrated  in  several 
recent  enactments. 

Under  the  mining  law  no  man  can 
hold  a  mining  lease  without  actual  de- 
velopment, and  no  person  can  work  as 
one  property  an  area  exceeding  50  acres 
for  gold,  160  acres  for  minerals  other 
than  gold,  and  320  acres  for  coal.  In 
the  early  days  the  condition  of  develop- 
ment was  naturally  expressed  as  the 
continuous  labor  of  a  specified  number 
of  men.  As  larger  work  was  undertaken 
the  capitalists  claimed  with  some  show 
of  justice  that  the  amount  of  money  ex- 
pended was  under  certain  conditions  (I 
fairer  gage  of  a  company's  good  faith 
tlian  the  mere  employment  of  a  given ' 
number  of  men,  and  demanded  the  ex- 
pression of  the  development  conditions 
in  money  per  acre  per  year  instead  of 
men  per  acre  per  year.  Capitalists  have 
also  demanded  larger  areas  for  special 
undertakings.  Their  demands  in  these 
respects  have  not  yet  been  generally 
granted,  but  Queensland  has  on  several 
occasions  recognized  by  special  enact- 
ments the  principles  that  capitalicts 
could  prove  their  honest  intention  of  de- 
veloping in  other  ways  than  by  actually 
employing  men  on  the  grou'id  leased, 
and  that  occasions  may  arise  where  larg- 
er areas  should  be  granted.  \ 


September  3,   19 10. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


449 


Special  Enactments 
In  1897  the  Queensland  Parliament 
passed  the  Chillagoe  Railroad  Act,  which 
authorized  the  issuance  of  leases  for  50 
years  for  the  lead,  copper,  and  tin  in 
areas  not  exceeding  in  the  aggregate 
2000  acres  in  the  vicinity  of  Chillagoe. 
An  annual  payment  of  £\  per  acre,  or 
double  the  usual  rental,  was  charged  and 
the  leases  were  granted  on  condition  that 
the  leasing  company  construct  within 
four  years  a  railroad  100  miles  long 
which  would  be  subject  to  government 
control  and  might  be  purchased  by  the 
government  at  the  end  of  the  50  years. 
In  return  for  this  proof  of  the  company's 
good  intention  and  for  the  additional  ren- 
tal charge  the  government  agreed  to 
waive  the  usual  development  conditions 
on  the  areas  leased. 

In  1900  an  act  was  passed  empowering 
I  the  government  to  grant  to  the  Callide 
Coal  Company  50  year  leases  to  an  area 
aggregating  2560  acres,  on  condition  that 
it  construct  within  four  years  a  railroad 
75  miles  long,  which  road  was  to  be  sub- 
ject to  government  control  and  might 
be  purchased  by  the  government  on  the 
expiration  of  the  leases.  In  this  case 
the  one  concession  to  the  company  was 
that  it  would  be  relieved  of  the  develop- 
ment conditions  on  the  areas  leased  until 
the  compleaon  of  the  railroad,  but  no 
longer.  It  was  provided  that  in  all  other 
respects  the  leases  should  be  subject  to 
the  usual  covenants  of  rent,  royalty  and 
labor  conditions.  In  this  case  the  com- 
pany was  required  to  deposit  with  the 
government  a  sum  of  £2500  to  be  for- 
feited, together  with  all  rights  to  the 
leases,  if  it  did  not  complete  the  railroad 
in  a  specified  time. 

The  Albert  River,  Burketown  Lilydale 
Tramway  Act  and  the  Glasfield  Tram- 
way Act  of  1900,  and  the  Cloncurry  Act 
of  1901,  granted  mineral  leases  under 
conditions  similar  to  those  already  de- 
tailed. These  enactments  are  the  near- 
est approach,  in  Queensland,  to  the  rail- 
road-land grants  made  by  the  United 
States  in  the  same  stage  of  its  devel- 
opment. 


Taxation   of   Patented  Claims 
in  Arizona 

The  Arizona  board  of  equalization  put 
he  rate  of  ta.\ation  for  nonproducing 
aatented  mines  in  all  counties  at  $35.40 
3er  acre.  This  resulted  in  increases  in 
some  counties,  from  S6.74  in  Cochise, 
for  instance,  and  reductions  in  others,  as 
from  S50.02  per  acre  in  Gila.  This  figure 
if  S3.S.40  does  not  decrease  agcregate 
■'aluation  which  amounts  to $2,556,287.33. 
The  acreage  of  nonproducing  patented 
nines  in  the  territory  is  72,211,502.  The 
otal  value  returned  was  $2,348,097.  The 
'greatest  acreage  is  in  Yavapai  with  27.- 
'91,340.  In  Cochise  there  are  16.018  215 
icres. 


California    Oilfields 

Los  Angeles  Correspondence 

The  price  of  oil  and  the  fear  of  over- 
production are  matters  of  secondary  im- 
portance to  the  operators  in  the  Califor- 
nia fields.  The  attention  of  everyone  in- 
terested in  the  industry  in  the  State  is 
now  focused  on  the  laws  governing  the 
location  of  Government  oil  lands.  Fur- 
thermore, there  are  grave  fears  that  the 
next  Congress  will  enact  laws  that  will 
result  in  still  greater  hardships.  Predic- 
tions are  freely  made  that  unless  there  is 
some  change  for  the  better  the  industry 
in  California  will  receive  a  blow  which 
it  will  take  years  to  recover.  While 
agents  of  the  Interior  Department  are  in 
the  field  investigating  conditions  and  ex- 
amining into  the  rights  of  various  claim- 
ants, the  operators  have  been  holding 
meetings  to  discuss  the  situation  with  a 
view  to  finding  some  solution  to  the  vex- 
ing problem. 

Discussion  of  Location  Laws 

The  needs  of  those  individuals  and 
companies  prospecting  on  Government 
land  are  of  course  at  variance  with  those 
of  operators  on  land  that  has  gone  to 
patent.  Obviously,  the  remedies  sug- 
gested for  the  cure  of  existing  evils  have 
been  numerous  and  in  some  cases  directly 
opposed  to  each  other.  The  subject  will 
be  discussed  at  the  forthcoming  meeting 
of  the  American  Mining  Congress,  to  be 
held  at  Los  Angeles  Sept.  26.  Cifford 
Pinchot,  after  a  visit  through  the  oilfields, 
will  be  on  the  program  to  discuss  conser- 
vation and  its  effect  on  the  oil  industry. 
It  is  the  object  of  the  operators  to  pre- 
sent at  this  meeting  some  plan  whereby 
the  proper  legislation  may  be  obtained. 
The  operators,  while  approving  conserva- 
tion and  deploring  the  needless  waste  of 
oil,  believe  that  it  is  possible  to  formulate 
a  law  that  will  recognize  the  principles  of 
conservation  and  at  the  same  time  allow 
of  the  proper  development  of  the  oilfields. 

Several  meetings  have  been  held  at  Los 
Angeles  and  another  one  that  it  is  hoped 
will  be  representative  of  operators  from 
all  sections,  has  been  called  for  Aug.  25. 
A  meeting  has  been  called  also  at  Ba- 
kersfield  for  Sept.  4  to  discuss  the  sub- 
ject and  devise  means  for  relief.  It  is  to 
be  hoped  that  these  meetings  will  result 
in  concerted  action,  for  under  the  present 
laws  the  oil  industry  will  suffer,  and 
many  who  have  scent  money  in  p.n'^^ 
faith  and  will  be  forced  to  abandon  their 
investments. 

Union  Oil  Company  Operations 

Following  is  the  present  production  of 
the  Union  Oil  Company  of  California,  the 
first  figures  representing  the  number  of 
wells  in  operation  and  the  second  the  out- 
put in  barrels  per  day:     Maricopa-Suns-t 


field,  30,  30,000;  Coalinga,  20,  3*00;  Los 
Angeles,  4,  500;  Fullerton,  40,  4000; 
Ventura,  115,  500;  Lonpoc,  18,  2500; 
Santa  Maria,  90,  12,000;  total,  317  wells 
in  operation  with  a  total  output  of  52,000 
bbl.  per  day.  This  is  an  average  of 
about  164  bbl.  per  well;  leaving  out  the 
Lakeview  gusher,  which  is  now  figured 
at  20,000  bbl.,  the  average  is  about  101 
bbl.  per  day.  The  Lakeview  gusher,  up 
to  three  weeks  ago,  made  no  water,  but 
at  that  time  a  fraction  of  one  per  cent, 
was  noted,  and  this  has  now  increased  to 
between  5  and  10  per  cent. 

Prospecting  Curtailed 

The  Union  company  has  60  strings  of 
tools  in  the  various  fields,  but  on  the 
large  production  of  oil  only  35  strings  are 
in  use.  The  deepest  well  in  the  State, 
the  Brashear  No.  1  of  the  Union  cor.v 
pany,  about  5  miles  west  of  the  city  of 
Los  Angeles,  has  just  been  abandoned 
•  and  the  rigging  shipped  to  the  Fullerton 
field.  Here  a  well  will  be  started  on  the 
Baster-Chury  lease  and  it  is  expected 
that  it  will  be  drilled  to  a  depth  of  4500 
ft.  The  Brashear  No.  1  is  5665  ft.  deep 
and  holds  a  world's  record  in  having  been 
drilled  with  only  four  strings  of  casing. 
Ten-inch  casing  was  carried  to  a  depth  of 
2902  ft.;  8>4-in.  to  3956  ft.;  ejg-in.  5355 
ft.,  and  4 '..-in.  to  5635  ft.  In  abandon- 
ing this  well  the  entire  string  of  4!  j-in. 
casing  was  pulled  with  the  elevators  and 
without  the  use  of  a  spear.  The  well  was 
started  in  March,  1907,  and  never  gav-i 
any  indication  of  being  a  successful  pro- 
ducer. The  Union  Oil  Company  of  Cali- 
fornia is  spending  about  $100,000  per 
month  in  the  various  fields  of  the  State. 


Johnnie  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany 

T.  A.  Johnson,  general  manager  of  the 
Johnnie  Mining  and  Milling  Company  at 
Johnnie,  Nev.,  writes  that  the  mill- 
ing plant  of  this  company  consists  of  16 
Nissen  stamps  which  treat  70  tons  of  ore 
per  day,  and  a  Lane  slow-speed  Chilean 
mill  with  a  capacity  of  30  tons  per  day. 
The  ore  runs  S4  to  $10  per  ton.  Fair- 
banks-Morse gasolene  engines — 80  and 
100  h.p. — furnish  the  power.  Eight  Sul- 
livan drills  and  six  Waugh  stopers  are 
used;  also  one  large  3 '4 -in.  Sullivan 
drill  is  used  in  sinking  and  drifting.  The 
shaft  has  been  sunk  from  the  700-  to  the 
800-ft.  level  within  the  last  month,  and 
sinking  is  now  in  progress  to  the  900. 
The  company  owns  12  claims  and  three 
water  rights,  together  with  a  4-in. 
pipe  line  2^^  miles  in  length  con- 
necting the  water  with  the  camp 
and  another  2'j-in.  pipe  line  4'/i 
miles  in  length  connecting  the  spring 
with  the  company's  townsite.  The  ore 
tre«ted  is  free  milling  and  a  saving  of 
ahoit  90  per  cent,  is  the  general  average. 


450 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Vogelstruis  Consolidated   Deep, 
Roodepoort 


London   Correspondence 


A  recent  dispatch  from  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Vogelstruis  Consolidated 
Deep  states  that  owing  to  the  continuous 
low-grade  character  of  the  ore,  the  mill 
has  been  shut  down,  but  that  development 
work  would  proceed  if  the  shareholders 
subscribed  the  necessary  funds. 

There  was  a  reorganization  of  this 
company  in  1905,  and  another  in  1908. 
About  the  middle  of  1906.  the  financial 
resources  were  so  reduced  that  worlc  was 
stopped.  On  Dec.  3,  1906,  the  ore  re- 
serves were  reported  to  be  74,440  tons, 
having  an  average  gold  content  of  8.63 
dwt.  and  this  represented  76  per  cent,  of 
the  ore  developed.  On  the  strength  of 
this  condition,  work  was  resumed  in  1908. 
The  consulting  engineer  had  advised  them 
to  resume  operations  and  erect  a  reduc- 
tion plant. 

Narrow  Reef 

This  mine  is  situated  in  the  Roodepoort 
district  of  the  Witwatersrand,  where  the 
reefs  are  rich  but  narrow.  Before  the  out- 
break of  the  Boer  war  the  reef  was  en- 
countered in  two  of  the  shafts,  but  was 
found  to  have  a  low  metal  content  when 
compared  with  neighboring  reefs.  The 
reef  was  also  encountered  in  the  third 
shaft,  previous  to  resumption  of  work  in 
1908.  At  the  close  of  1908  the  ore  re- 
serves amounted  to  91,923  tons  of  8.94 
dwt.  ore,  representing  72  per  cent,  of  the 
total  ore  developed. 

Of  the  ore  developed  during  1909,  only 
about  2  per  cent,  represented  profitable 
ore  having  a  metal  content  of  6.95  dwt. 
These  assay  figures  were  calculated  over 
a  stoping  width  of  30  in.;  the  clean  reef 
was  only  about  6  in.  in  width. 

Ore  Reserves  Recalculated   upon 
Lower    Recovery 

After  stoping  and  crushing  for  two  or 
three  months,  it  became  evident  that  the 
ore  reserves  would  have  to  be  recalcu- 
lated on  the  basis  of  a  stoping  width  of 
37  in.  and  a  metal  content  of  5.75  dwt., 
as  an  extra  7  in.  of  width  could  not 
be  prevented  from  being  broken  with  the 
ore.  It  also  developed  that  the  metal 
content  of  the  ore  had  been  placed  at  too 
high  a  figure  as  proved  both  by  subse- 
quent sampling  of  the  winzes  and  by 
actual  stoping,  although  the  chairman 
said  those  results  had  been  checked  and 
rechecked  and  all  abnormally  high  assays 
had  been  reduced. 

Thus,  it  was  hardly  surprising  that  the 
milling  results  were  disappointing,  though 
up  to  the  time  that  the  mill  was  started, 
the  ore  reserves  were  stated  to  have  a 
gold  content  of  8  dwt.  It  also  appears 
that  the  ore  had  not  been  opened  up 
sufficiently  for  proper  mining,  as  gleaned 


from  this  cable  despatch:  "The  milling 
of  these  reserves,  (37  in.  averaging  5.75 
dwt.)  should  yield  profit,  provided  the 
plant  was  supplied  to  full  capacity,  which, 
owing  to  the  limited  amount  of  stope 
faces  is,  however,  not  possible." 

Too  much  stress  should  not  be  laid 
upon  this  condition  of  the  Vogelstruis 
Consolidated  Deep,  as  it  cannot  in  any 
sense  be  taken  as  representative  of  the 
mines  upon  the  Rand,  but  its  failure 
emphasizes  again  the  fact  that  there  are 
reefs  in  the  Rand  which,  under  present 
conditions,  are  too  poor  to  work.  It  may 
be  said,  however,  that  the  public  is  just 
as  slow  to  see  the  worthlessness  of  some 
concerns  as  it  is  to  grasp  the  possibilities 
of  those  properties  in  which  the  mines 
are  of  proved  worth. 


Metal  Output  of  Ontario 


The  accompanying  tabulation,  made 
from  returns  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines, 
shows  the  output  of  the  metalliferous 
mines  and  works  of  Ontario  for  the  six 
months  ended  June  30,   1910. 

MKTAL    I'KOUtCTIO.N    OF    ONTARIO    FOR 
FIRST    SIX    MONTHS.    1910. 

Ounces.  Value. 

Silver    1-_'.S04,!)!)2     ,?t).2t!(i,197 

Tons. 

(■i)liaU»    IS!)       '      .3.">,ti.i7 

Copper    4.t;H4  fi6ll,4!l7 

Nickel    0.:!:if»        2.00.-i,i!(!0 

Iron    ore 39,4!t7  113,082 

Pis    iron 221.718        3,.540,688 

Zinc  ore 576  5,000 

•Incliules  only   lolmlt  paid  for. 

The  shipments  from  silver  mines  ag- 
gregated 14,787  tons,  of  which  12,024 
tons  were  ore  and  2763  tons  concen- 
trates. The  former  averaged  814  oz.  of 
silver  to  the  ton  and  the  latter  1017  oz. 
Gowganda  contributed  334  tons  of  ore 
containing  317,925  oz.  of  silver,  and  the 
Lake  Superior  district  a  small  produc- 
tion, the  remainder  being  from  Cobalt. 
The  production  for  the  corresponding 
period  of  1909  was  11,234,382  oz.  of  sil- 
ver. 

The  nickel-copper  mines  of  Sudbury 
yielded  9339  tons  of  nickel  and  4634  tons 
of  copper,  as  compared  with  6027  and 
3741  tons  respectively  for  the  same  period 
last  year,  or  52  and  42  per  cent,  respec- 
tively. The  production  of  pig  iron  as 
compared  with  the  first  six  months  of  last 
year  was  221,718  tons,  having  a  value  of 
.S3,540,688,  as  against  211,583  tons  for 
the  corresponding  period,  last  year. 


The  Arizona   Copper  Company, 
Limited 


The  semi-annual  report  of  the  Arizona 
Copper  Company,  Ltd.,  for  the  half-year 
ended  March  31,  1910,  showed  net  profits 
of  £96,0.36  from  copper,  stores  and  rents, 
and  net  returns  of  £134,665  from  the 
Arizona  &  New  Mexico  Railway.  Divi- 
dends of  £12,265  were  paid  on  "A"  prefer- 
ence shares  and  preference  stock,  leaving 


a  surplus  for  the  half-yea-r  of  £122,400. 
Out  of  this  sum  the  directors  resolved  to 
pay,  July  30,  1910,  an  interim  dividend  for 
the  year  to  Sept.  30,  1910,  of  Is.  3d.  per 
share,  free  of  tax,  on  1,519,896  ordinary 
shares  of  the  company. 

During  the  half-year  81,609  tons  of 
copper  ore,  concentrates  and  other  cop- 
per-bearing material  were  smelted,  yield- 
ing 8161  tons  of  bessemer  copper. 
The  directors  decided  to  enlarge  the  ca- 
pacity of  No.  6  concentrator,  to  sink  a 
new  shaft  and  extend  the  tunnel  connec- 
tion therewith.  It  is  expected  that  this 
will  enable  lower-grade  ore  to  be  profit- 
ably worked. 


Miami  Stock  Increase 


An  increase  of  100,000  shares,  or 
$500,000  has  been  authorized  by  stock- 
holders of  the  Miami  Copper  Company, 
thereby  enlarging  the  present  capital  of 
S3,500,000  to  ^4,000,000.  Prior  to  the 
increase  the  700.000-share  capital,  par 
S5,  was  held  as  follows:  In  hands  of  pub- 
lic, 603,347  shares;  for  bond  conversion, 
84,889  shares;  unissued  in  treasury, 
11,764  shares.  President  Lewisohn  says 
that  SI, 000,000  is  necessary  to  put  the 
property  in  shape  for  economical  pro- 
duction; 60,000  shares  of  the  increase, 
underwritten  by  the  General  Develop- 
ment Company,  offered  for  subscription 
at  S18  to  stockholders  will  yield  Sl,080,- 
000.  There  will  remain  in  the  company's 
treasury  51,000  shares,  which  may  be  is- 
sued at  option  of  the  directors. 


Copper  Curtailment 


Thompson,  Towle  &  Co.  figure  the 
monthly  rate  of  curtailment  in  American 
copper  production   as   follows: 

rounds.  Cause. 

Butte    4.0(10,001)  Curtailment 

Lake  Superior l.ooo.odo  Curlailment 

Bisliee 2.0011. ("10  Curlailment 

Imperial  Copper  Co.       Soc. ('('('    Shutdown 

rtali  Copper  Co....  2,0("i,(i(i(i  Curtailaient 

Nevada   (^)ns I.Odo.dOO   Curtailment 

First    National l,2."ill.(i(i(l   Shutdown 

ManuKoth   l.(l(i(i.(i(i(t   Smoke  troubles 

('(•(CO  lie  I'aSL-o 3,00(1.(10(1   Shutdown 

I'.((llv   Hill 50(1,(100   Shuldown 

Old  ilominion 1,00(I,0(I0  Curtailment 

Sup.  ,\;   Huston 200,0(10    

Creene-Cananca   ....  1,000,000  Curtailment 

Tolal 19,250,000 

The  above  estimate  is  illustrative,  but 
probably  is  too  high. 


Correction 


In  publishing  the  reports  of  the  Butte 
mines  for  1909,  in  the  Journal,  June  25, 
page  1314,  the  figures  submitted  for  the 
Boston  &  Montana  mines  read,  "Cost  of 
mining,  S4,263.538,  and  cost  of  market- 
ing, Sl,001,644."  These  should  havei 
read  $4,763,.S83  and  S^KOI  1,644,  respec- 
tively. 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


451 


The  Portland  Canal  Mining  District,  B.  C. 


The  Portland  Canal  district  of  British 
Columbia  has  recently  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  mining  men  and  many  exagger- 
ated reports  regarding  wonderful  strikes 
have  been  circulated.  It  seems  now, 
however,  as  if  there  be  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  a  productive  mining  field  would 
be  developed  in  the  district. 

The  accompanying  halftone  is  a  view 
of  the  town  of  Stewart,  which  is  situ- 
ated at  the  head  of  the  Portland  canal,  on 
the  delta  of  Bear  river.  About  two 
months  ago  there  was  an  auction  sale  of 
lots  (the  law  of  the  province  provides 
that  when  a  new  town  is  platted  on  land 
obtained  from  the  government,  since  the 
enactment  of  that  law,  the  provincial  gov- 
ernment thereupon  becomes  entitled  to 
one-fourth  of  such  lots),  the  total  pro- 
ceeds from  which  sale  being  about  S440,- 


in  length  which  will  facilitate  the  devel- 
opment of  the  mineral  properties  of  the 
camp.  His  engineers  state  that  the  road 
will  in  all  probability  be  in  operation  be- 
fore the  end  of  the  present  year. 

Development  and  Construction  Work 
IN  Progress 

The  Portland  Canal  Mining  Company 
was  one  of  the  first  to  operate  in  thj 
district.  It  has  done  and  is  still  doing 
considerable  development  work.  The 
No.  1  tunnel  on  the  property  is  reported 
as  in  to  the  main  orebody.  The  No.  2 
and  No.  3  tunnels  are  in  ore  but  not,  it 
is  believed,  in  the  main  shoot.  A  45-deg. 
raise  is  being  run  to  connect  the  No.  1 
and  No.  2  tunnels. 

The  flume  across  Glacier  creek  is  fin- 
ally completed  and  a  crusher  house  and 


Town  of  Stewart,  Portland  Canal  District,  B.  C. 


000.  From  the  photograph  an  idea  may- 
be gained  of  the  topographical  nature  of 
the  region.  Precipitous  mountain  sides 
are  characteristic  and  greatly  increase  the 
difficulties  of  prospecting. 

New   Railroad   for   District 

Early  in  August,  D.  D.  Mann,  vice- 
president  of  the  Canadian  Northern  Rail- 
way, visited  the  district  and  is  reported 
to  have  been  favorably  impressed  with 
the  prospects  of  the  region  becoming  a 
steady  producer  of  moderately  low-grade 
gold  ores,  for  the  development  of  which 
large  amounts  of  labor  and  capital  will, 
however,  be  required.  Mr.  Mann  is  now 
engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  Port- 
land Canal  Short  Line,  a  railway  15  miles 


mill  are  in  process  of  erection.  The 
tramway  is  in  good  working  shape  and 
is  estimated  to  have  a  carrying  capacity 
of  400  tons  per  day,  which  is  greatly  in 
excess  of  the  present  output  of  the  mine. 

Geological    Report    on    Bitter    Creek 
Strike 

The  director  of  the  Canadian  geologi- 
cal survey  has  just  received  a  report 
by  E.  G.  McConnell  on  the  recent  discov- 
ery of  gold  on  Bitter  creek,  Stewart, 
B.  C.  Mr.  McConnell  has  been  in  the 
Portland  Canal  district  since  spring,  mak- 
ing a  geological  survey  of  the  district. 
He  has  just  examined  the  new  discovery 
a*  Bitter  creek,  concerning  which  exag- 
gerated accounts  have  been  circulated. 


Mr.  McConnell  states  that  "the  discov- 
ery was  made  on  the  precipitous  sides 
of  a  mountain  of  slate  or  shales 
with  occasional  graywacke  bands,  seam;d 
horizontally  with  numerous  granite  and 
diorite  dikes,  some  of  them  20  to  30  ft. 
thick.  The  slates  dip  at  an  angle  of  40 
deg.  and  are  fairly  regular.  The  ore 
occurs  in  zones  following  generally  the 
dip  and  strike  of  the  slates  but  cutting 
them  in  places  at  a  low  angle.  The  prin- 
cipal zone  has  a  thickness,  at  the  only 
place  where  it  is  accessible,  of  about 
15  ft.,  and  consists  of  silicified  slate  and 
quartz  carrying  more  or  less  iron  pyrites. 
In  places  layers  of  almost  pure  iron  py- 
rites occur.  A  red  zone  at  about  the 
same  elevation  (600  ft.  above  the  gla- 
cier), can  be  seen  at  intervals  running 
horizontally  along  the  mountains  for  a 
distance  of  about  3000  ft.  It  is  inter- 
rupted by  several  rock  slides  and  for  the 
most  of  its  course  passes  along  inaccessi- 
ble cliffs.  The  width  of  the  zone  ranges 
form  five  to  about  20  feet. 

Ore  from  S3  to  S8  Per  Ton 

"Assavs  made  here  from  specimens 
brought  in  by  prospectors  are  reported 
to  run  from  $3  to  S8  in  gold  per  ton. 
Some  rich  assays  were  obtained  from 
oxidized  float,  but  these,  of  course,  do 
not  mean  much. 

"Besides  the  main  zone  several  other 
similar  silicified  zones,  none  traceable 
for  any  great  distance,  outcrop  at  vari- 
ous points  on  the  mountain  slope.  The 
principal  mineral  in  all  of  these  is  iron 
pyrites  with  occasionally  a  little  chal- 
copyrite  and  at  one  point  a  small  seam 
of  galena. 

"Vein  matter  in  the  mountains  is 
abundant,  but  the  valuable  content,  so 
far  as  known,  is  low,  so  low'  that  it  is 
still  doubtful  if  it  could  be  extracted  at 
a  profit.  The  ore  occurrences  are,  how- 
ever, promising  enough  to  justify  some 
expenditure  in  exploration.  The  moun- 
tain has  not  been  thoroughly  prospected, 
in  fact,  most  of  it  could  only  be  prospect- 
ed with  the  aid  of  a  balloon.  Promising 
float  is  abundant  in  the  slides  and  there 
is  a  good  chance  of  finding  richer  shoots 
than  any  yet  discovered. 

"The  transportation  question,  if  pay 
ore  in  quantity  is  discovered,  has  its 
difficulties,  but  theSe  could  be  overcome 
if  the  deposits  prove  valuable.  The  val- 
ley is  filled  with  a  glacier  from  half  a 
mile  to  a  mile  in  width,  which  extends 
down  for  three  miles  below  the  discover- 
ies. Farther  down,  snow  slides  sweep 
both  sides  of  the  valley  at  a  number  of 
points.  The  grade  on  the  three  miles 
of  glacier  is  700  ft.  to  the  mile,  and  on 
the  lower  six  or  seven  to  the  Bear  river 
forks,  100  ft.  to  the  mile." 


452 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Mining  and  Stoping  Methods  in  the  Coeur  D' Alene 

Long  Tunnel  Entries  Common.      Vertical  Ore  Face  Carried  in  Bunker 
Hill  Stopes.     Hecla  Works  One  Large  Slope.      Shoveling  in  Snow  Storm 


TYSSOWSKI* 


broken  out  and  carried  up  to  the  hanging. 
This  space  is  filled  from  the  hanging- 
wall  to,  or  within  a  few  feet  of,  the  ore 
face,  filling  being  confined  by  lagging 
of  slab  timber  placed  against  square-set 
posts.  Another  cut,  usually  two  sets 
wide,  is  then  made,  up  the  face  to  the 
hanging-wall.  As  a  working  face  is  us- 
ually best  drilled  and  broken  with  uppers, 
the  use  of  stoping,  air-hammer  drills  is 
advantageous.  This  is  one  of  the  best 
features  of  this  method  of  attack. 

Waste  Dropped  into  Stopes 

The    manner    of    attacking    the     face 
varies  greatly,  but  the  idea  is  to  preserve 


SnV 


>7v  V^M  v*  V      Ni^  M  VMM" 


JOHN 

Practically  all  of  the  Caur  d'Alene 
mines  are  favorably  situated  for  tunnel 
work,  the  hills  being  steep  and  high.  The 
natural  plan  for  working  under  such  con- 
ditions is  to  tunnel  at  the  lowest  pos- 
sible level  and  stope  up.  This  was  orig- 
inally done  in  most  cases,  but  now  a 
great  many  of  the  mines  have  reached  a 
point  where  shafts  must  be  sunk.  An- 
other peculiarity  of  the  district  is, 
therefore,  that  shafts  are  sunk  from  the 
main  adit  tunnels  and  in  many  cases  at 
points  a  mile  or  two  back  from  the  en- 
tries. 

Large  Stopes  in  Bunker  Hill  & 
Sullivan 

The  conditions  prevailing  in  the  lower 
levels  of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan 
mine,  at  Wardner,  Ida.,  are:  Large  ore- 
bodies  with  heavy  and  indeterminate 
hanging- walls  (several  stopes  300  to  700 
ft.  long,  have  an  average  width  of  40  ft. 
and  are  carried  up  200  ft.  in  a  lift)  ; 
a  heavy  galena  ore  for  the  most  part  of 
such  grade  that  the  entire  mineralized 
zone  can  be  profitably  mined;  a  shat- 
tered-quartzite  country  rock.  By  the  or- 
dinary square-set  methods,  carrying  a 
horizontal  or  stepped  face  of  ore,  such 
a  large  area  would  be  exposed  overhead 
that  it  would  be  practically  impossible  to 
hold  stopes  open.  There  would  be  con- 
stant danger  from  large  blocks  of  the 
back  sloughing  off. 

The  stoping  system  adopted  is  neces- 
sarily quite  elastic  as  conditions  vary 
greatly.  There  is,  however,  a  certain  def- 
inite scheme  to  the  mining,  of  which  the 
methods  used  under  the  different  condi- 
tions are  simply  necessary  variations.  The 
novel  feature  of  the  practice  is  in  carry- 
ing a  vertical  face  of  ore  in  the  stopes 
and  in  always  keeping  the  hanging-wall 
supported  with  waste  well  up  to  the  face  gg  near  as  conditions  permit,  a  vertical 
of  ore.  The  upper  floor  of  a  stope  on  face-  of  ore  throughout  the  stope,  to 
the  hanging-wall  is  then  used  as  a  dis-  maintain  filling  right  up  under  the  hang- 
tributing  sublevel  from  which  waste  for  ing-wall,  and  to  use  the  top  floor  in  the 
filling  is  run  into  the  stope.  stope  as  a  sub-level   for  the  distribution 

■  The     accompanying     sketch.     Fig.      1,    of    waste    about    the    stope.      W-aste    for 
shows    an    idealized    section    of   a    stope     filling  is  generally  dropped  into  the  stope 


3 


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»^  o-'','-',  °  =  °  O  o 


3 


o  c  o  Si  o  ^  -5  o 
D  O  o  o  r,  o  o  o  o 


o " o" «   Co  - 


O^o'    CO 


WVVVW^'' VVvW  V  VV  wWN/'vVvV^^rv-^v^v'^v 

27i«  Engineerinij  if.Vininjj  .torirmit 

Fig.  1.   Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Stope 
WITH  Vertical  Ore  Face 


worked  by  this  method,  which  was 
evolved  by  Stanly  A.  Easton,  man- 
ager of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan 
Mining  and  Concentrating  Company. 
The  sill  floor  is  crosscut  and  drifted  so 
that  electric  trains  may  get  about  to  draw 
ore  from  chutes.  Then  starting  at  the 
hanging-wall  side,  a  section  of  conveni- 
ent length,  and  three  or  four  sets  wide  is 


•MInliiK  englne<T. 

\IlN.      .Tlil'ItJJ. 


••(lltoiial   stuff,   Eno.  and 


through  one  hanging-wall  raise  to  the 
level  above  so  that  the  hanging-wall  need 
not  be  further  weakened  by  cutting  into 
it  for  filling  material.  Every  15  or  20 
ft.,  ore  chutes  discharge  into  the  level 
below.  Square  sets  lagged  around  with 
slabs  are  kept  open  and  used  as  ore 
passes  through  the  stopes.  Where  the 
orebody  flattens  out  it  is  sometimes  ne- 
cessary to  handle  the  ore  several  times 
in  a  stope   before   it   finally   reaches  the 


haulage  level.  In  such  cases  it  is  dropped 
until  it  reaches  the  foot-wall  of  the  ore 
zone,  drawn  into  l'_>-ton  cars  and 
trammed  through  crosscuts  to  the  hang- 
ing-wall and  there  again  dropped  through 
the  ore  passages,  and  so  on  until  it  final- 
ly is  drawn  out  into  30-cu.ft.  capacity 
cars  of  the  electric  trains  serving  the 
main  level.  Gangways  from  the  foot-  to 
hanging-wall  must  be  left  at  proper  in- 
tervals so  that  ore  can  be  handled  to 
chutes  where  necessary. 

Another  feature  of  the  stope  practice 
at  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  is  in  keep- 
ing the  work  scattered  so  that  the  men 
do  not  interfere  with  each  other.  There 
is  thus  always  plenty  of  open  ground 
about  which  the  men  may  be  distributed 
for  their  work.  As  an  illustration  in  one 
stope  between  the  9th  and  10th  levels 
work  has  been  carried  on  for  five  years 
and  it  is  estimated  that  it  will  still  re- 
quire a  year  and  a  half  to  work  out  this 
stope.  .Another  stope,  open  for  a  length 
of  700  ft.  and  varying  in  width  from  21 
to  40  ft.,  is  only  called  upon  to  supply 
200  tons  of  ore  a  day,  26  men  being 
worked  on  the  day  shift  and  only  four 
employed   on   waste   filling   at   night. 

Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Timber  Costs 

In  the  Bunker  Hill  stopes,  square  sets 
framed  of  local,  red  fir,  stull  timber  are 
used.  And  en  account  of  keeping  so 
little  open  back  above  the  working  face 
it  is  possible  to  use  timber  a  large  pro- 
portion of  which  is  under  8  in.  diameter 
at  the  small  end.  This  timber  is  cut  off 
of  the  company's  land  and  costs  only 
Sj/jC.  per  linear  foot  delivered  at  the 
mine.  This  in  part  accounts  for  the  low 
timber  cost  per  ton  of  ore  sloped. 
(The  ordinary  wage  is  $3  per  day  for 
muckers  and  $3.50  for  miners.)  Data 
supplied  by  Mr.  Easton  shows  that  for 
stoping  concentrating  ore,  labor  costs 
about  SI. 05  and  supplies  38c.  per  ton  of 
ore  sloped.  Of  this  total  of  $1.43,  tim- 
ber (stull  and  lagging)  figures  at  nearly 
20c.  and  labor  on  timbering  slightly  over 
8c.  These  figures  do  not  include  devel- 
opment work,  which  cost  $3000  during 
the  period  under  consideration,  when 
40,000  tons  of  ore  were  sloped,  increas- 
ing the  cost  about  7c.  per  ton. 

Sorting  Grizzlies  in  Last  Chance 

As  a  rule,  the  stopes  in  the  Last 
Chance  mine  of  the  Federal  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company,  near  Wardner,  are 
smaller  than  those  in  the  Bunker  Hill  & 
Sullivan.       They     can     consequently     be 


I 


September  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


453 


square  set  and  worked  by  the  ordinary 
Slope  methods.  The  special  feature  in 
work  at  the  Last  Chance  is  the  close 
sorting  that  is  done  underground.  Sort- 
ing grizzlies,  such  as  described  in  the 
Journal  of  June  11,  page  1215,  are  used 
In  places  where  it  is  not  convenient  to 
do  much  hand  sorting.  These  grizzlies 
simply  separate  the  fines,  which  are  con- 
sidered as  ore.  The  large  lumps  are 
then  quickly  sorted  by  hand. 

Hecla  Mine  Worked  in  One  Stope 

The  Hecla  mine,  at  Burke,  is  peculiar 
in  that  one  stope  supplies  practically  the 
entire  output  of  the  mine  at  any  one 
period.  At  the  time  of  my  visit,  this 
stope  from  the  900-  to  the  600-ft.  level 
was  being  worked  on  eight  floors,  from 
the  8th  to  the  16th,  and  supplied  about 
375  tons  of  mill  ore,  besides  consider- 
able first-class  shipping  product,  per  day. 
The  orebody  is  nearly  vertical  and  on  the 
900  level  is  developed  for  about  1300  ft. 
on  the  strike  of  the  vein  which  ranges  in 
width  from  12  to  20  ft.  The  walls  squeeze 
badly,  so  that  the  ore  faces  must  be  tim- 
bered closely  and  even  then  large  caves 
occur.  The  various  floors  in  the  stope  are 
advanced  horizontally.  The  working  face 
of  the  entire  stope  prevents  the  usual 
stepped  form  of  the  overhand  stope.  At 
the  Hecla,  2'. .-in.  Wood  piston  drills  are 
in  general   use. 

Stull  caps  are  usually  22  to  24  in.  in 
Jiameter  and  12  ft.  long.  The  posts  are 
i  ft.  long  and  are  placed  on  the  walls 
tnd  also  where  caps  are  butted  to  reach 
>cross  the  stope.  Collar  braces  of  3x10- 
n.  material  are  used,  except  where  the 
slopes  are  wide,  when  poles  V-notched 
It  the  ends,  so  as  to  wedge  with  pressure, 
ire  substituted. 

The  slope  is  provided  with  chutes  at 
!0-ft.  intervals.  Three  sets  are  left  open 
It  these  points  for  ore  and  timber  chutes 
md  a  manway.  Th6  section  of  the  stope 
letween  chutes  is  lagged  off  with  3x12- 
n.  material  in  9- ft.  lengths,  and  waste 
illed.  Chutes  are  cribbed  in  wide  por- 
ions  of  the  stope. 

Special  Timbering  for  Drifts 

Carrying  a  stope  300  ft.  high,  special 
neans  must  be  taken  to  support  the  enor- 
nous  weight  of  the  filling  and  keep  the 
irift  below  it  open.  The  entire  sill  floor 
s  cut  out  and  drifts  maintained  directly 
lelow  the  stope  so  that  supporting  the 
tope  filling  is  a  most  important  problem 
f  the  mining  practice. 

After  the  sill  floor  is  cut  out,  it  is  tim- 
ered  according  to  the  ordinary  method 
■•ith  round  timber.  The  space  between 
he  first  and  second  stope  floors  is  left 
pen  to  provide  space  for  taking  up 
ressure  from  ihe  filling.  Extra  timbers 
re  then  put  in  the  drift,  the  posts  being 
ing  enough  so  that  the  heavy  stringers 

hich  they  support  will  just  clear  the 
.ips  of  the  primary  set.  A  second  set 
f  limbers  is  supported  on  these   string- 


ers, the  posts  being  again  long  enough  to 
carry  stringers  that  rest  on  the  caps  of 
the  second  tier  of  the  primary  set.  Stulls 
wedged  tightly  against  the  walls  cap  both 
sets  and  upon  these  poles  are  laid  length- 
wise of  the  stope  to  form  a  floor  to  sup- 
port the  filling. 

When  necessary,  either  set  of  tim- 
bering may  be  renewed,  as  each  is  in- 
dependent from  the  other  in  all  mem- 
bers. In  retimbering,  posts  are  placed 
under  stringers,  and  under  Ihe  center  of 
each  cap  of  the  primary  set,  which  brings 
them  2'  ■    ft    apart    (sets  are  5  ft.).  The 


Tha  Btxjinxtring  i  Mtning  Journal 

Fig.  2.    Drift  Timbering  below  300-ft. 
Filled  Stope  in  Hecla  Mine 

accompanying  sketch.  Fig.  2,  shows  how 
this  supporting  timbering  is  built  up  un- 
der a  wide  stope.  It  is  seen  that  stringers 
are  laid  on  the  walls  and  on  either  side 
of  Ihe  center  posts  of  the  first  set.  These 
stringers  are  usually  20  lo  24  in.  in  di- 
ameter; the  posts  are  9  fl.  long,  and 
the  caps  usually  12  ft.,  but  longer  ones 
to  reach  entirely  across  the  stope  are 
used   when   available. 

Conditions  at  the  Snow  Storm 

At  the  Snow  Storm  mine,  1  •  _■  miles 
from  Larson,  an  orebody  averaging  25  to 
75  ft.  in  width  is  mined  for  a  distance  of 
800  ft.  on  the  strike  which  is  approxi- 
mately N.  60  deg.  W.  The  orebody  dips 
66  deg.  to  the  southwest  and  occurs  in 
the  Revett  quartzite,  geologically  the  next 
younger  series  than  the  Burke  formation, 
in  which  the  silver-lead  orebodies  of  the 
district  are  found.  The  mine  is  worked 
from  a  main  entry  tunnel.  No.  3,  the 
levels  above  being  900,  800,  700,  600, 
400  or  No.  2  tunnel.  The  No.  3  tunnel 
is  about  '/J  mile  long,  and  the  new  tun- 
nel at  a  550-ft.  lower  elevation  had  al- 
ready been  advanced  300  ft.  at  the  time 
of  my  visit  in   April   last. 

The  stope  practice  at  the  Snow  Storm 
is  to  work  the  lode  in  blocks  150  ft.  long 
on  the  strike,  using  square-set  timbering 
and  following  with  filling,  usually  to  the 
third  floor  below  that  on  which  the  men 
are  at  work.  Chutes  are  put  in  every  30 
ft.  in  each  direction  and  are  offset  as  they 
approach  the  hanging-wall,  as  is  shown 
in  Fig.  3.  A  drift  9x9  ft.  in  the  clear  is 
maintained  on  the  sill  floor  near  the 
foot-wall.      When    necessary,    posts   and 


blocks,  put  in  as  shown,  are  used  to  rein- 
force these  sets,  but  by  using  angle 
braces  and  roughly  flooring  the  second 
stope  floor  so  that  the  weight  of  the  fill- 
ing is  taken  up  by  the  angle  braces  in  the 
first  set  above  the  drift,  caps  have  to  sup- 
port little  weight.  Waste  filling  conies  di- 
rectly to  the  drift  set  but  the  sill  floor  is 
not  cut  out  all  the  way  to  the  hanging- 
w'all,  this  rock  being  recovered  from  the 
next  lower  stope. 

Timbers  for  square  sets  are  framed  as 
follows:  Caps  are  6  ft.  long,  double  caps 
12  ft.,  and  are  slabbed  on  the  top  and 
bottom  to  a  thickness  of  12  in.,  I'l-in. 
daps  9  in.  wide  being  cut  for  girts  and 
posts.  Medium  timber  goes  in  posts 
which  are  6  ft.  long  and  framed  on  the 
end  with  a  9x9-in.  horn  1 ";  in.  long. 
Small  timber  makes  girts,  which  if  neces- 
sary are  slabbed  to  9x12  in.  size.  Slabs 
are  used  for  corraling  waste  and  3-in. 
planks  for  flooring  and  lagging  around 
ore  chutes. 

Shoveling  Minimized  in  Stopes 
Stopes  are  open  from  the  foot-wall,  a 
three-compartment  raise  on  the  foot-wall 
being  put  through  to  the  level  above  in 
advance  of  the  stope.  This  raise  com- 
prises an  ore  chute,  timber  slide  and 
manway.  In  the  stopes  the  entire  width 
of  the  vein  is  carried  in  both  directions 


>-iRj7  J  iPninff  Journal 

Fig.  3.  Idealized  Section  through  Stope 

IN  Snow  Storm  Mine 

from  the  raise  on  each  floor  which  usu- 
ally follows  about  four  sets  behind  the 
next  lower  one.  Ore  is  dropped  one  set, 
sorted  and  dropped  or  shoveled  into  in- 
clined wing  chutes,  built  of  3-in.  plank, 
that  connect  to  the  main  ore  passes.  In 
wide  places  the  incline  chutes  are  built  :n 
all  four  directions,  ordinarily  only  paral- 
lel to  the  strike  of  the  lode.  Using  these 
inclined  wing  chutes  little  shoveling  is 
required  in  the  stopes  and  the  mining 
cost  consequently  reduced.  Filling  is  kept 
up  to  this  third  floor  below  the  back. 
Waste  for  filling  is  gotten  froin  sorting  in 
the  stopes  and  is  also  dropped  from  the 
next  level  above  through  raises  that  are 
put  up  when  necessary.  A  long  inclined 
raise  in  the  foot-wall  connects  to  a  sur- 
face, waste,  mill  hole.  When  waste  is 
dropped  into  the  stope,  small  cars  and 
tracks  are  put  in  on  the  distributing  floor. 


454 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Air-hammer  drills  are  used  for  all 
sloping  work.  All  timber,  tools,  etc.,  are 
hoisted  into  the  stope  with  small  air 
hoists,  situated  on  the  main  levels  and 
operating  through  the  timber  slides  at 
150  ft.  spacings.  In  putting  up  the  first 
three-compartment  raise  a  gin  pole  of 
2y2-  and  3-in.  pipe  is  used  to  hang  the 
blocks  upon  so  that  the  engine  always 
hoists  material  to  the  elevation  at  which 
it  is  to  be  used.  An  idealized  section 
of  a  Snow  Storm  stope  is  shown  in  Fig.  4. 

Mace  Mines  Worked  by  Ordinary  Over- 
hand Stope  Methods 

The  conditions  at  the  Mace  mines  of 
the  Federal  company  are  similar  to  those 
at  the  Hecla.  The  stope  practice  differs, 
however,  in  the  following  points:  Levels 
are  cut  at  200-ft.  intervals,  chutes  put  in 
every  40  ft.  and  timber  chutes  only  every 
80  ft.;  only  air-hammer  drills  are  used 
in  the  stopes,  the  back  being  the  work- 
ing face.  In  both  mines  work  progresses 
simultaneously  on  many  stope  fioors. 

Sill  floors  are  also  completely  cut  ou: 
at  the  Mace  mines,  but  are  bulkheaded  or 
filled,  leaving  only  space  for  the  haulage 
drift.  The  first  stope  set  is  left  open  and 
single  timbering  is  used.  When  the  sets 
begin  to  crush  they  are  taken  up  with 
long  posts  reaching  all  the  way  up  to 
the  second  stope  floor.  These  posts  art- 
replaced  by  shorter  timbers  as  necessary. 
By  this  method  drifts  usually  last  out  the 
life  of  the  stope.  Stopes  are  carried  all 
the  way  up  to  the  drifts  above,  the  drift 
sets  being  caught  up  on  extra  sills  and 
posts  under  which  waste  is  filled  up  level 
to  the  drift  floor. 

Mining  Costs 

In  general  it  may  be  said  of  the  de- 
veloped mines  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  that 
mining  costs  range  from  S1.7S  to  over  S3 
per  ton  of  ore  broken.  The  skill  and 
ability  of  those  in  charge  of  operations 
largely  determine  costs,  but  another  im- 
portant factor  must  not  be  lost  sight  of. 
This  is  the  extent  to  which  underground 
sorting  is  employed.  There  are  doubtless 
mines  operating  at  a  profit  in  the  CcEur 
d'Alene  under  a  mining  cost  that  shows 
on  paper  at — say  S3.  Yet  those  same 
mines  could  not  be  profitably  operated 
(other  conditions  remaining  unchanged! 
with  a  S2  mining  cost,  the  difference  be- 
ing from  the  amount  of  sorting  done  in 
the  stopes  and  ore  bin. 

Underground  Sorting  an  Important 
Factor 

At  each  mine  the  extent  to  which  sort- 
ing is  profitable  under  the  working  con- 
ditions must  be  determined.  As  in- 
stances of  this  consider  some  of  the  typi- 
cal mines  of  the  district.  Reports  show 
that  straight  stoping  costs  in  the  Bunker 
Hill  &  Sullivan  amount  to  about  S1.4.'i 
per  ton  of  ore  broken.  At  the  Wardner 
and  Mace  mines  of  the  Federal  Mining 
and  Smelting  Company  the  mines  costs, 
including  all  charges  except  those  of  the 


construction  account,  figure  close  to  S3 
per  ton,  but  at  Wardner  probably  50  per 
cent,  of  the  rock  broken  is  sorted  out  in 
the  stopes  and  40  per  cent,  at  the  Mace 
mines.  And  on  the  ore  sorted  and  shipped 
as  first  class  the  company  figures  a  sav- 
ing of  56  to  S12  per  ton,  depending  on 
silver  values,  over  that  which  would  be 
realized  by  milling  the  ore.  At  Mace 
about  300  tons  of  first-class  ore  are  now 
sorted  out  each  month  and  1100  tons 
were  shipped  some  months  before  the  old 
sorting  plant  was  burned.  At  Wardner 
the  company  ships  from  500  to  800  tons 
of  first-class  ore  per  month. 

Ti.mber  Cost  Variable 

The  cost  of  timbering  varies  with  the 
nature  of  the  ground.  The  cost  of  peeled, 
red  fir,  stull  timber  at  the  mines  ranges 
from  5'jC.  per  linear  foot  for  timber 
under  8  in.  in  diameter  at  the  small  end, 
to  19'4C.  for  sticks  under  20  in.  As 
stated,  the  Bunker  Hill  reports  show  tim- 
ber costs  of  only  28c.  per  ton,  inclusive 
of  labor  for  putting  it  in.  This  is,  how- 
ever, rather  below  the  average  cost  in  the 


V    >/ 


the  extremely  rich  oxidized  zone.  The 
mines  of  this  type  that  are  still  in  the 
development  stage  are  not  interesting 
from  the  view-point  of  a  study  of  mining 
methods,  as  in  most  cases  the  idea  at  first 
is  to  get  out  the  high  grade  and  exploit 
the  deposit.  Later,  when  the  operation  of 
a  mine  is  reduced  to  a  commercial  basis, 
the  refinements  of  methods  have  to  be 
instituted  if  the  mine  is  to  continue  as  a 
producer. 


Electricity  for  Mexican  Mines* 


The  mines  in  the  Etzatlan  and  Hos- 
totpaquillo  district  of  Mexico  will  soon 
be  supplied  with  all  the  electrical  energy 
necessary  for  their  operation.  Machin- 
ery for  generating  8000  h.p.  has  been  de- 
livered at  the  site  of  the  Puente  Grande 
hydroelectric  Tlant  on  the  Santiago 
river,  near  Guadalajara.  This  machinery 
was  purchased  from  the  contracting  firm 
of  Siemens-Schuckertwerke,  of  Berlin. 
Two  complete  4000-h.p.  units  have  been 
delivered,  and   another  smaller  unit  will 


Fig.  4.  Method  of  Placing  Wing  Chutes  in  Stope  in  Snow  Stor.m  Mine 


district,  which  generally  ranges  from  40c. 
in  fairly  good  ground  to  75c.  or  80c. 
where  stopes  are  wide  and  walls  poor. 
Even  higher  timber  costs  might  be  looked 
for  when  large  timbers  are  required,  and 
the  ore  is  silicious  and  hence  of  lower 
specific  gravity  than  the  galena  ore  of  the 
lead-silver  mines. 

The  mining  and  stoping  methods  in 
some  of  the  other  mines  of  the  Cceur 
d'Alene  district  are  interesting,  but  no; 
in  any  important  way  different  from 
those  of  the  typical  examples  which  have 
been  treated.  Of  the  other  developed 
mines  where  the  methods  are  interesting 
might  be  mentioned  the  Hercules,  and 
of  the  younger  mines  the  Caledonia  is  a 
typical  example.  The  latter  is  at  pres- 
ent worked  only  to  a  depth  of  500  ft.  in 


soon  be  received.  The  power  house  and 
penstock  will  be  ready  as  soon  as  the 
turbines  are  set  up.  This  plant  is  being 
erected  by  the  German  firm  under  con- 
tract with  Manuel  Cuesta  Gallardo,  a 
Mexican  capitalist,  who  will  construct  a 
long  transmission  line  which  will  supply 
energy  for  the  mines  and  plantations  of 
that  district.  When  completed  the  en- 
tire property  will  become  a  part  of  the 
merger  of  interests  of  which  the  Guad- 
alajara Railway,  Light  and  Power  Com- 
pany is  a  principal  feature.  The  merger 
will  be  known  as  the  Chapala  Hydro- 
electric and  Irrigation  Company.  A  line  _ 
of  steel  towers  has  already  been  erected  I 
over  the  main  transmission  route,  and 
side  lines  to  various  mines. 

»V.}rc.    ll'»)(/.    .luue    :iO.    IfllO. 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


455 


A  New  Steel  Belt  Conveyer  in  Use  in  Sweden 

A  Flexible  Steel  Ribbon  the  Distinguishing  Characteristic  of  This  Con- 
veyer.    Construction,  Maintenance   and    Power  Costs  Are   Low. 

BY     ALFRED    GRADENWITZ=== 


The  growing  tendency  in  engineering 
to  substitute  meclnanical  devices  for 
manual  labor  is  also  manifested  in  con- 
nection with  the  handling  of  materials. 
In  fact,  mechanical  conveyers  can  hardly 
be  dispensed  with  wherever  there  is  to  be 
regular  transportation  of  material. 

Although  the  construction  of  mechan- 
ical-transporting   plants   has   become    an 


Belt  and  Chain  Conveyers  Possess  Too 
Short  a  Life 
As  a  smooth  surface  would  obviously 
be  best  suited  for  the  unimpeded  dis- 
charging of  material,  it  hasbeen  suggested 
to  connect  by  hinges,  sheet-metal  belts 
so  as  to  construct  an  intermediary  ap- 
paratus between  the  belt  and  chain  con- 
veyer.   However,  practice  has  shown  that 


Testing  and  Adjusting  Sandvik  Belts 


engineering  branch  of  its  own,  all  the 
horizontal  conveyers  so  far  designed,  in 
spite  of  their  number,  may  be  divided 
into  two  classes,  namely:  chain  and 
belt  conveyers.  The  former  class  com- 
prises various  forms,  all  of  which  have 
in  common  a  number  of  individual  ele- 
inents  linked  together.  They  are  neces- 
sarily of  great  weight  and  consequently 
entail  a  high-power  consumption.  They 
are  limited  by  their  inability  to  discharge 
the  material  from  any  point  of  the  track. 


•3  Regensburgerstr..  Berlin.  Oerniau.v. 


these  chain  belts,  apart  from  their  unsat- 
isfactory wearing  qualities  and  in  spite 
of  careful  construction,  do  not  permit  as 
smooth  an  unloading  as  belt  conveyers 
proper. 

Although  belt  conveyers  have  a  lower 
power  consumption  and  possess  greater 
ease  of  discharging  than  the  chain  type, 
and  are  safer  in  operation,  still  the  type 
so  far  constructed  is  not  free  from  a 
number  of  disadvantages.  In  fact,  the 
belts  which  are  in  use  (balata,  cloth  and 
rubber  belts)  are  far  from  possessing  the 


wearing  qualities  indispensable  to  belt 
conveyers.  While  high-speed  rubber 
belts,  at  least  under  suitable  atmospheric 
conditions,  seem  to  constitute  an  excep- 
tion, their  use  is  limited  in  an  extraordin- 
ary degree  by  the  steadily  increasing 
price  of  rubber. 

CO.NSTRUCTION    OF    THE    SANDVIK    BeLT 

The  Sandvikens  Jernverks  Aktiebolag 
(Sandvikcn),  the  well  known  Swedish 
steel  works,  has  made  an  interesting  de- 
parture by  adopting  a  new  material  for 
the  construction  of  belt  conveyers.  In 
fact,  the  hardened  steel  belts  recently 
put  upon  the  market  under  the  name 
Sandvik  belts,  are  in  every  respect  an 
excellent  substitute  for  the  belt  and  chain 
conveyers  so  far  used. 

They  are  manufactured  in  lengths  up 
to  100  meters,  in  \vidths  of  8  to  16  in. 
and  in  thickness  from  0.03  to  0.04  in., 
and  are  readily  riveted  together  to  torm 
any  length.  Wherever  a  special  width  is 
required,  two  or  more  parallel  belts,  as 
shown  by  actual  practice,  can  be  readily 
arranged  beside  one  another.  These  con- 
veyer belts  are  endless  and  are  set  mov- 
ing in  troughs  or  on  any  other  suitable 
support  by  belt  pulleys  driven,  prefer- 
ably, by  electricity. 

The  manufacture  of  steel  belts  of  di- 
mensions suitable  for  transporting  pur- 
poses obviously  afforded  great  difficulties 
which  were  only  overcome  after  exten- 
sive experimenting.  As  they  are  made 
of  high-grade  charcoal  steel, Sandvikbelts 
offer  high  resistance  to  traction  and  wear, 
and  as  they  are  very  thin,  possess  a 
great  flexibility.  As  their  uniform  sur- 
face in  course  of  operation  assumes  a 
high  polish,  the  friction  on  the  support 
is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

Cost  of  Manufacture,  Maintenance 
AND  Operation  Is  Low 

Sandvik  belt  conveyers  are  especially 
suited  for  transporting  ore,  coal,  planks, 
wood  stumps,  coke,  cement,  sand,  slag, 
ashes,  sawdust,  and  any  kind  of  waste 
material.  Thev  are  cheaper  to  install  and 
construct  than  some  other  belts,  and 
are  capable,  by  virtue  of  their  hard  sur- 
face, of  sliding  over  a  solid  support  with- 
out requiring  the  same  number  of  idler 
pulleys  as  other  belt  conveyers.  The  cost 
pf  repair  and  upkeep  is  not  an  important 
item,  as  the  same  belt  when  properly  fit- 
ted will  last  for  years,  and  in  case  of 
fracture,  can  be  readily  repaired  by  in- 
serting a  riveted  piece. 

Owing  to  the  small  coefficient  of  fric- 
tion, the  smooth  surface  of  the  steel  and 


456 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


the  fact  that  the  resilient  belt  accumu- 
lates the  energy  expended  in  inflection 
around  the  belt  pulley  instead  of  con- 
verting it  into  heat  like  other  belts  and 
chains,  the  power  consumption  is  low. 
The  material,  also,  can  be  readily  dis- 
charged from  any  point  of  the  track. 

Construction  of  the  Conveyer  Trough 

The  part  of  the  belt  concerned  in  the 
transport  preferably  travels  at  the  bottom 
of  a  trough  of  wood  or  other  suitable 
material,  a  section  of  which  is  represent- 
ed in  Fig.  4.  The  walls  of  the  trough 
may  be  inclined  15  deg.  without  risk  of 
obstruction  and  should  be  lined  with 
sheet  metal  when  handling  rough  mater- 
ial. A  longitudinal  profile,  on  the  other 
hand,  should  always  be  straight  or  con- 


and  3  is  an  ordinary  wooden  drum,  the 
sides  of  which  are  made  of  three  to  four 
layers  of  llj-in.  planks  nailed  together, 
while  the  circumference  is  formed  by 
planks  two  to  three  inches  in  thickness 
nailed  to  these  sides.  The  axles  .are 
centered  in  cast  or  forged  plates  fixed 
to  the  side  walls  of  the  pulleys.  The 
periphery  is  lined  with  a  rubber  belt 
three  to  four  millimeters  in  thickness, 
carefully  nailed  to  the  pulley. 

Pulley    Bearings    Should    Have 
Independent  Adjustment 

The  bearings  of  the  belt  pulley  should 
be  made  adjustable  through  100  to  150 
mm.  in  the  direction  of  travel,  and  the 
two  sides  should  be  independent  of  one 
another,    thus    allowing    both    the    tight- 


case  of  extensive  plants  it  will  also  be 
found  advantageous  to  install  one  or  two 
such  idlers,  both  for  supporting  or  ad- 
justing the  belt  in  the  direction  of  the 
pulleys.  The  distance  between  idler  pul- 
leys is  about  10  meters  with  the  last  idler 
placed  about  3  meters  from  the  belt  pul- 
ley. 

The  idler  pulleys  are  from  400  to  500 
mm.  in  diameter  and  are  made  of  iron, 
or  preferably  of  wood.  As  far  as  possi- 
ble they  should  be  also  fitted  with  self- 
contained  bearings  so  as  to  allow  accu- 
rate adjustment  during  operation.  In  the 
case  of  conveyer  plants  installed  in  the 
open,  especially  in  winter,  the  runway 
of  the  belt  should  be  provided  with  radial 
sheet-metal  scrapers  for  removing  snow 
or  waste. 


^ 


Fie.  4 


Fig.  5 


Fig.  6 

27(0  Ei\gir\xiermg  i;'yt\n\'ng  JaxitavA 


Details  of  Construction  of  Sandvik  Belt  Conveyer 


I 


vex  to  prevent  the  belt  lifting  off  the 
trough,  which  would  result  if  some  mater- 
ial should  accumulate  below  the  belt. 
Any  contact  between  the  belt  and  the 
nail  heads  should  also  be  avoided.  If 
small  amounts  of  pulverulent  material 
should  accumulate  below  the  belt,  they 
would  still  gradually  advance  in  the  di- 
rection of  transport,  provided  the  belt 
joints  be  made  as  represented  in  Figs.  5 
and  6.  In  order  to  prevent  this  material 
from  getting  between  the  belt  and  the 
belt  pulley,  a  hole  should  be  made  in  the 
bottom  of  the  trough  immediately  in  front 
of  this  pulley,  as  represented  in  Fig.  4. 

Pulleys  Built  Up  of  Planks 

The  belt  pulleys,  can,  of  course,  be 
made  in  different  ways.  The  cheap  and 
suitable  design  represented  in  Figs.   1.  2 


ening  of  the  steel  belt  and  the  adjustment 
of  the  pulley  in  the  traveling  direction 
of  the  belt.  The  belt  pulleys  can  also  be 
made  of  cast  iron  according  to  the  usual 
practice,  but  in  many  cases  they  would 
be  unnecessarily  expensive.  If  so  con- 
structed they  should  be  lined  at  the  peri- 
phery with  wood  and  rubber  "which  in 
this  case  may  be  riveted  to  the  pulley, 
or  nailed  on  a  wooden  lining  around  the 
same.  The  rubber  lining  is  intended  to 
partly  compensate  the  buckling  and 
scratching  effect  exerted  on  the  belt  by 
material  getting  between  it  and  the  pul- 
ley. 

The  belt  pulleys  should  be  at  least 
1000  to  1200  mm.  in  diameter.  Idler 
pulleys  similar  to  those  represented  in 
Figs.  2  and  3  are  used  for  supporting 
the    returning   side    of   the   belt.      In    the 


SPi-iciNG  THE  Sections  of  the  Belt 
Sandvik  belt  conveyers  are  preferably 
operated  by  electric  motors  installed  at 
the  driving  pulley.  The  individual  lengths 
of  belts  up  to  about  100  m.  are  joined 
by  riveting,  as  represented  in  Figs.  5 
and  6.  Though  somewhat  more  compli- 
cated the  method  illustrated  in  Fig.  6 
best  protects  the  belt  against  fracture 
in  the  joint,  apart  from  insuring  a  greater 
cleanliness  of  the  trough. 

A  definite  tension  of  the  belt  is  effected 
by  means  of  the  ordinary  type  of  belt 
stretcher.  The  ends  of  the  sections  to  be 
joined  are  clamped  between  two  wooden 
jaws  which  are  approached  to  one  an- 
other by  means  of  the  customary  screws, 
after  which  the  two  ends  are  simply  1 
riveted  together.  The  riveted  joints 
should  be  symmetrical  to  the  longitudinal 


iH 


September  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


457 


direction  of  the  belt  so  that  the  latter 
may  run  smoothly  in  the  trough  and  over 
the  belt  pulleys. 

The  two  ends  of  the  belt  having  been 
lapped  to  about  60  mm.,  are  riveted  to- 
gether by  two  rows  of  rivets,  each  about 
4  mm.  in  diameter,  and  at  30  to  35  mm. 
distance  apart.  In  order  to  prevent  the 
steel  from  rusting,  the  inside  surface  of 
the  belt  ends  should  be  previously  coated 
with   linseed   oil,  tar  or  the   like. 

Whenever  feasible,  the  material  should 
be  charged  on  the  transporting  belt  as  far 


of  its  smooth  surface,  the  conveyer  belt 
can  be  freed  almost  completely  from  even 
the  smallest  particles. 

The  capacity  of  the  conveyer  belt  is 
proportional  to  the  speed,  and  approxi- 
mately to  the  square  of  its  width.  The 
lower  the  speed,  the  less  will  be  the  wear 
and  tear  by  friction  and  consequently 
the  greater  should  be  the  width  of  the 
belt.  Under  ordinary  conditions,  50  m. 
per  min.  is  a  suitable  speed,  although  in 
some  cases  up  to  100  m.  should  be 
reached. 


Transporting  Firewood  on  Sandvik  Belts 


away  as  possible  from  the  rear  belt  pul- 
ley, so  as  to  keep  this  free  and  readily 
accessible.  The  load  is  discharged  from 
the  belt  either  by  means  of  a  scraper 
located  at  any  point  of  the  track,  or  by 
pouring  out  over  the  front  belt  pulley. 

The  scraper  used  in  the  former  case, 
in  its  simolest  form,  is  a  slanting  plank 
placed  upon  the  belt.  Through  an  open- 
ing in  the  trough  the  conveyer  can  be 
discharged  partly  or  completely.  When 
the  material  is  to  be  discharged  simul- 
taneously on  both  sides,  the  scraper  is 
given  the  shape  of  a  plow.     On  account 


Width  of  Belt  Is  a  Function  of  Ma- 
terial TO  Be  Carried 
The  width  of  the  belt  primarily  de- 
pends on  the  kind  of  material  and  sec- 
ondarily on  the  quantity  to  be  trans- 
ported. Accordingly  there  are  three 
classifications,  namely:  (1)  Planks, 
boards,  laths,  etc.;  (2)  ore,  charcoal, 
chopped  firewood,  blocks,  etc.;  (3)  saw- 
dust, shavings  and  other  waste  materials. 
Under  class  I,  the  width  of  the  belt  is 
mainly  determined  by  the  width,  in  class 
2,  by  the  length,  and  in  class  3,  by  the 
quantity  of  the  material. 


In  the  first  class  the  width  should  be 
chosen  at  about  1.5  times  the  width  of 
the  material  to  be  transported.  In  con- 
nection with  class  2  the  width  should  be 
chosen  at  least  equal  to  the  maximum 
length  of  material,  whereas  in  class  3, 
the  conveyer  belt  should  be  able  to  carry 
the  material  without  the  latter  coming 
into  contact,  to  any  considerable  extent, 
with  the  side  walls  of  the  trough. 

It  is  difficult  to  make  any  general  state- 
ment in  regard  to  the  power  consumption 
of  a  conveyer  plant  with  Sandvik  belts, 
as  in  addition  to  the  kind  of  materials  to 
be  transported,  the  weather  conditions 
and  other  factors  are  important.  Gen- 
erally speaking,  the  amount  of  power 
consumed  is  low,  for  the  number  of  idler 
rolls  is  small,  the  belt  surface  very 
smooth  and  the  energy  expended  in 
bending  the  belt  around  the  belt  disk  is 
stored  in  the  belt,  owing  to  the  elasticity 
of  the  steel.  This  stored  energy  is  put 
to  account  later  on. 

Examples  of   Sandvik  Installations 

One  plant  installed  a  Sandvik  belt  400 
mm.  in  width  to  convey,  at  a  speed  of 
50  m.  per  min.,  about  50  cu.m.  of  char- 
coal per  hour.  The  length  of  the  belt 
between  the  disks  is  about  120  m.,  and 
the  power  consumption  for  the  empty 
belt,  inclusive  of  the  gear  and  motor, 
amounts  to  about  3.(5  e.h.p.  When  the 
belt  is  filled  with  charcoal,  the  power 
consumption  increases  to  5.1  h.p.,  the 
gearing  and  motor  alone  requiring  2.1 
h.p.,  whereas  the  power  consumption  of 
the  belt  and  belt  disk  at  no  load  and 
full  load  is  1.5  and  2.9  h.p.  respectively. 

In  another  plant  two  parallel  Sandvik 
belts,  300  mm.  in  width,  traveling  be- 
side one  another  with  a  distance  of  about 
150  m.  between  belt  disks,  transport 
ahout  100  cu.m.  of  charcoal  per  hour. 
The  power  consumption,  at  a  speed  of  50 
m.,  is  with  no  load  6.3  and  with  full  load 
9  h.p.  The  pulling  part  of  the  belt  passes 
over  a  charcoal  bunker  9  m.  in  hight 
and  100  m.  in  length. 

The  third  plant,  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying halftone,  comprises  a  Sandvik 
belt  410  mm.  in  width  for  transporting 
chopped  firewood.  The  distance  between 
belt  pulleys  in  this  case  is  80  mm.,  and 
the  power  consumption  with  full  load  at 
a  speed  of  50  mm.  per  min.  is  about 
4  e.h.p.,  although  in  addition  to  trans- 
porting the  material  the  belt  is  also  lifted 
to  a  considerable  hight. 

Most  of  the  installations  so  far  com- 
pleted are  situated  in  the  northern  parts 
of  Sweden.  After  several  years  of  care- 
ful testing,  Sandvik  belts  have  recently 
been  put  upon  the  market. 


At  the  Etta  mines,  16  miles  east  of  Hill 
City,  S.  D.,  large  exposures  of  spodumene 
have  been  opened  by  leasers,  and  ship- 
ments have  been  made,  from  time  to 
time,  for  several  years,  to  the  Standard 
Essence  Company,  of  Maywood,  N.  J. 


458 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Ore   Reserves  of  West   Australia  Gold  Mines 


LONDON  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  Golden  Horseshoe  Estate  and  the 
Associated  Gold  Mines,  two  of  the  most 
prominent  of  the  West  Australian  gold 
mines,  have  lately  suffered  in  reputation 
by  an  appreciable  fall  in  the  value  of 
the  ore  crushed  and  consequently  in  the 
profits  realized. 

The  Golden  Horseshoe  recovered,  from 
the  ore  crushed  during  1908,  49s.  per  ton. 
During  1909  the  grade  of  ore  crushed 
was  even  lower.  In  January  of  1909,  46s. 
per  ton  was  recovered  from  which  figure 
there  was  a  decrease  to  36s.  in  Decem- 
ber, followed  by  the  still  lower  average 
of  30s.  6d.  for  the  first  six  months  of 
1910. 

Decrease  at  Golden  Horseshoe 
Unexpected 

In  the  published  figures  of  this  com- 
pany there  was  nothing  to  suggest  the 
possibility  of  such  a  drop  in  value,  on  the 
contrary  they  justified  the  expectancy 
that  the  good  results  would  be  main- 
tained. These  figures  are  shown  in  Table 
I  and  II.  From  such  ore  reserves  as  were 
declared  at  the  end  of  1909  it  was  rea- 
sonable to  conclude  that  throughout  1910 
the  ore  crushed  would  yield  on  an  aver- 
age about  40s.  per  ton  whereas  only 
30s.  6d.  was  recovered  to  June  I. 

Difference  of  Opinion  Regarding 
Cause  of  Decrease 

Regarding  this  fall  in  value,  the  chair- 
man of  the  company  stated  at  the  an- 
nual meeting  held  on  May  4,  1910,  that 
the  decreased  recovery  "was  due  to  un- 
avoidable causes  of  a  temporary  nature." 
The  reason  given  for  this  was  that  "pre- 
paratory worl^  was  unfortunately  delayed 
in  some  of  the  stopes  by  reason  of  the 

TABLE    I.     ORE    RESERVES    OF    GOLDEN 

HORSESHOE   MINE   AT  THE  END 

OF  EACH  YEAR. 


Ounces  per 

Year. 

Tons. 

Ton. 

1899 

151,S09 

1  4.S6 

1900 

233.265 

1   .569 

1901 

27S.644 

1.0.53 

1902 

543,918 

1    436 

1903 

7.S5.473 

1    084 

1904 

954.631      • 

0.902 

1905 

931,307 

0.7.52 

1906 

992. H67 

0.685 

1907 

1.062,332 

0.612 

190S 

1,065,409 

0.594 

1909 

1,071,638 

0 .  554 

fact  that  he  (the  manager)  was  unable 
to  get  the  work  sufficiently  ahead.  This 
necessitated  the  drawing  of  a  large  pro- 
portion of  ore  from  the  lower  grade 
stopes  in  order  to  keep  the  mills  fully 
supplied."  Assurance  was  given  that  this 
temporary  decrease  in  the  output  would 
"be   made   up   in  the  course   of    a    few 


months."  However,  with  the  cabled  re- 
turns for  June,  1910  was  the  message, 
"decrease  caused  by  grade  of  ore  not 
coming  up  to  expectation,  gradual  in- 
crease in  returns  expected."  That  the 
grade  of  ore  crushed  does  not  come  up  to 
expectations,   and    that   the   ore    reserves 


TABLE  II.     ORE  CRUSHED  AT  GOLDEN 
HORSESHOE  MINE. 


Ounces  per 

Year. 

Tons. 

Ton.t 

1900 

76,532 

1.980 

1901 

98,849 

2.170 

1902 

122,019 

1.920 

1903 

152,321 

1 .  520 

1904 

181,191 

1.180 

1905 

223,035 

0.850 

1906 

243,026 

0.726 

1907 

247,020 

0.685 

1908 

247,740 

0.675 

1909 

263,361 

0.620 

1910  (6  mo.) 

149,003 

0.416 

tThe  figures  in  this  column  are  obtained  by 
calculation  from  the  bullion  actually  recovered; 
the  other  figures  are  as  published. 


which  the  manager  has  stated  to  be  con- 
servatively estimaied  have  in  the  test  of 
actual  working  proved  to  have  been  over- 
estimated are  then  the  true  causes  of  the 
decrease  in  recovery. 


that  those  mines  which  depend  upon  rich 
ore  to  keep  up  the  grade  of  the  ore  from 
extensive  workings,  are  liable  to  disturb- 
ing fluctuations  in  their  output.  This  has 
not  been  the  record  of  the  Golden  Horse- 
shoe in  the  past  but  may  be  the  condi- 
tion at  the  present  time.  If  only  for  the 
light  it  would  shed  on  this  point,  the 
statement  of  the  ore  reserves  in  the  an- 
nual report  should  be  more  detailed  and 
not  sum  up  values  and  quantities  under 
four  headings. 

Ore  Reserves  Overestimated 

The  manager's  more  recent  statement 
of  ore  reserves  as  it  June  30,  1910,  which 
compares  with  the  figures  at  the  end  of 
the  year  1909  is  shown  in  Table  III.  Dur- 
ing the  six  months'  time  the  reserves  were 
reduced  by  149,003  tons  of  8.32-d wt. 
grade  but  seeing  that  development  was 
proceeding  simultaneously  it  is  reason- 
able to  assume  that  an  equal  amount  of 
comparatively  low-grade  ore  was  devel- 
oped by  the  current  development.  It  is 
therefore  evident  that  the  ore  reserves 
were  overestimated  to  the  extent  of  127,- 
561  oz.  which  at  an  ordinary  rate  of  ex- 
traction  is  equivalent   to    110,000  oz.   of 


TABLE  III. 


ORE   RESERVES  AT  GOLDEN   HORSESHOE  MINE 
DEC.   31,   1909  AND  JUNE  30,   1910. 


Dec.  31,  1909. 

June  30,  1910. 

Orebody. 

Tons. 

Dwt.  per 
Ton. 

Total  Contents, 
Ounces. 

Tons. 

Dwt.  per 
Ton. 

Total 
Contents, 
Ounces. 

No.  1  lode 

No   2  lode             .... 

12,469 
449,165 
542,659 

67,315 

7. 56 

9  58 

11   69 

16.95 

4,710.57 

215,054.64 

317,107.35 

57,051 ,  65 

7,333 

402,200 

435,005 

59,054 

6.14 

8  76 

10.95 

16,85 

2,2.53 
176,214 

No.  3  lode 

238,141 

No   4  lode      

49,755 

1,071,638 

1 1 .  OS 

593,924.21 

903,592 

10.32 

466,363 

Statement  of  Ore  Reserves  Un- 
satisfactory 

Because  of  the  close  agreement  be- 
tv/een  the  ore  reserves  and  the  ore 
crushed  in  previous  years  it  is  difficult  to 
combat  the  idea  that  the  valuation  work 
has  been  properly  made  and  that  the  va- 
riation of  the  ore  deposition  is  alone  to 
blame  for  the  present  disappointment. 
There  are  considerations,  however,  which 
would  suggest  that  the  statement  of  the 
ore  reserves  in  the  annual  report  leaves 
something  to  be  desired. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  this  is  a 
large  mine,  working  many  levels  and 
very  many  stopes.  To  suggest,  as  the 
manager  first  did,  that  the  fall  in  grade 
was  due  to  some  of  the  stopes  being  tem- 
porarily unavailable,  is  to  suggest  that 
those  particular  stopes  contained  high- 
grade  ore.     It  is  the  general  experience 


gold  or  to  a  profit  of  £450,000.  The 
sampling  and  estimation  of  the  ore  re- 
serves of  the  Golden  Horseshoe  mine  is, 
therefore,  open  to  criticism  upon  the 
score  of  inadequate  checking. 

Discrepancy  in  Associated  Gold  Mines' 
Figures 

Considering  the  case  of  the  Associated 
Gold  Mines  it  is  seen  that  this  mine  de- 
clared on  March  31,  1909,  that  the  re- 
serves consisted  of  483,517  tons  of  an 
average  value  of  about  42s.  per  ton,  from 
which  a  recovery  of  38s.  per  ton  could 
be  anticipated  for  the  year  ending  March 
31,  1910.  The  actual  returns  were  33s. 
7d.  per  ton.  This  fall  continued  during 
April,  May  and  June,  for  which  the  aver- 
age value  has  been  about  26s.  In 
addition,  the  estimate  of  ore  reserves  for 
tlie  year  ended   March  31,   1910,  shows 


September  3,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


459 


193,550  oz.  of  gold  as  against  241,750  oz. 
for  the  estimate  of  the  previous  year,  a 
diminution  of  48,208  oz.  During  the 
year  136.829  tons  containing  57,468  oz. 
were  crushed,  so  that,  to  balance  the  ac- 
count, ore  containing  9260  oz.  of  gold 
must  have  been  proved  by  the  develop- 
ment during  the  year;  the  figures  show 
that  206,312  tons  were  proved.  Hence 
an  overestimate  was  made  in  one  figure 
or  the  other. 

The   manager   of  the   Associated   Gold 
Mines   has   recently   withdrawn  cable 

his  last  estimate,  disappointing  as  that 
was,  adding  at  the  same  time:  "In  sev- 
eral places  back  of  stope  assays  alto- 
gether unsatisfactory"  .  .  .  "Cannot  form 
any  reliable  estimate  as  to  ore  in  sight." 


T.ABLE    IV.     ORE    RESERVES    OF    ASSOCI- 
ATED GOLD  .MINES  AT  THE 
END  OF  YEAR. 


Year  ended 

Tons. 

Ounces 
per 
Ton. 

March  31,  1907. 

330,278 
430,414 
483.517 
553.000 

0  52 

March  31.  I90S 

0  50 

March  31.  1909. ..    . 

0  50 

.March  31.  1910 

0  35 

All   Estimates   of   Ore   Reserves   Un- 
satisfactory 

The  failure  of  the  methods  of  ore  valu- 
ation applied  in  this  case  has  been  so 
complete  that  it  becomes  of  great  interest 
to  know  what  they  were.  The  chairman 
of  the  company  said  in  his  speech  at 
the  annual  meeting  in  July,  1909,  that 
the  ore  reserves  were  of  "ore  blocked 
out."  From  the  remarks  made  by  the 
general  manager  at  the  same  meeting 
the  idea  is  gotten  that  the  value  of  the 
ore  reserves  is  determined  by  the  yield 
of  the  mine  In  the  previous  year  and  by 
stope  assays  rather  than  from  any  sys- 
tematic valuation  based  upon  samples 
taken  during  the  blocking  out  of  reserves. 

In  his  report  for  the  next  year,  the 
manager,  realizing  that  this  method  had 
failed  him,  relied  entirely  upon  the 
crushing  results  of  the  previous  five 
months  to  give  the  value  for  the  future. 
The  total  ore  mined  for  the  five  months 
ended  April  30  showed  an  extractable 
value  of  27s.  4d.  per  ton,  but  since  then, 
as  stated  above,  the  results  have  nullified 
this  estimate  and  the  manager  has  con- 
fessed himself  Incapable  of  making  a 
reliable  estimate,  being  only  able  to  say 
that  the  ore  now  being  crushed  assays 
6  dwt.  per  ton  of  2000  pounds. 

Cumulative  Error  in  Estimates 

From  these  two  experiences  and  espe- 
cially from  that  of  the  Golden  Horseshoe, 
the  Idea  is  suggested  that  the  estimate  of 
the  ore  reserves  In  a  mine  which  has  been 
working  for  some  years,  may  contain  er- 
rors accumulated  year  by  year,  and  that 
ti  check  this  there  should  be  a  continual 
resampling   in   progress  such   as  should 


result  in  a  gradual  elimination  of  original 
errors.  This,  of  course,  would  only  af- 
fect those  blocks  of  ore  which,  at  the 
time  any  estimate  was  being  made,  were 
partially  sloped  away,  and  concerning 
which  It  would  be  a  question  as  to 
whether  the  original  average  valuation 
were  still  applicable. 

Better  Systeai  at  Other  Mines 

In  contrast  to  the  above,  the  case  of 
the  other  two  most  important  mines  on 
the  West  Australian  goldfield  may  be 
mentioned.  The  Ivanhoe  Gold  Corporation 
maintains  two  separate  and  distinct  esti- 
mates of  Its  ore  reserves,  one  being  made 
by  the  manager  and  the  other  by  the 
company's  consulting  engineers.  This 
procedure,  if  carried  out  completely,  is 
certainly  a  most  effectual  security  against 
sudden  disappointment.  In  addition  the 
ore  reserves  are  segregated  under  about 
30  different  headings,  which  would 
show  that  the  mine  does  not  depend  upon 
any  very  rich  stopes,  but  that  the  ore  is 
comparatively  regular  in  value.  These 
latter  remarks  may  also  be  applied  to  the 
case  of  the  Great  Boulder  Proprietary, 
which,  however,  does  not  declare  any  in- 
dependent estimate. 

Chairman  Makes  Sweeping  Statements 

In  the  annual  meeting  of  the  company, 
held  in  July,  1910,  the  chairman  brought 
out  interesting  points  regarding  the  esti- 
mation of  ore  reserves  in  the  Kalgoorlie 
goldfield  and  a  manager's  responsibility. 
Referring  to  the  former  he  said  in  effect 
that  on  the  Kalgoorlie  field  the  value  of 


table    v.     ORE    CRUSHED     AT     ASSOCI- 
.\TED  COLD  MINES. 


Year  ended 

Tons. 

Ounces 
Ton. 

.March  31.  1908 

March  31.  1909 

119,SS6 
125.794 
1.36.S29 
34,589 

0.54 
0  54 

March  31.  1910 

0  42 

Three  months     

0  33 

the  ore  reserves  is  generally  calculated 
from  stope  and  truck  samples  and  not 
from  the  development  which  results  in 
blocking  out  the  ore.  This  statement 
must  be  taken  with  some  reserve,  for  it 
applies  only  to  those  mines  where  the 
grade  of  ore  shows  erratic  variations  and 
not  to  the  mines  in  general. 

The  second  point  suggested  Is  that, 
since  the  method  of  computation  of  ore 
reserves  was  declared  beforehand,  the  re- 
sponsibility of  the  manager  for  the  figures 
obtained  is  lessened.  It  may.  of  course, 
be  comforting  to  the  manager  to  know 
that  he  has  been  so  open  about  his  meth- 
ods, but  It  must  also  be  remembered  that 
the  method  of  computation  was  not  put 
before  the  shareholders  for  their  sanc- 
tion. Such  questions  are  always  claimed 
by  the  members  of  the  technical  staff  of 
a  mine  to  be  entirely  within  their  sphere. 
Making  every  allowance  It  must  therefore 


be  said  that  the  technical  staff,  from  the 
consulting  engineer  down,  must  bear  the 
onus   of   this   disappointment. 

Consulting  Engineer  Finds  Conditions 
As   Stated 

In  this  connection  it  is  proper  to  state 
that  the  consulting  engineer  w!.o  was 
sent  out  at  this  crisis  to  assist,  has  re- 
ported by  cable  as  follows:  "In  my 
opinion  reliable  estimate  of  tonnage  and 
value  of  ore  reserves  impossible.  The 
largest  portion  of  the  ore  blocked  out  is 
low-grade  ore,  pay  ore  very  pockety." 
The  mistake,  of  course,  has  been  in  not 
recognizing  earlier  that  reliable  estimates 
were  not  obtainable,  certainly  not  by  the 
method  adopted. 

It  appears  now,  as  is  in  part  confirmed 
by  the  above  cable  from  the  consulting 
engineer,  that  the  largest  portion  of  the 
ore  blocked  out  Is  of  low  grade  and  that 
heretofore  the  manager  has  been  able  to 
keep  up  a  certain  high  grade  by  drawing 
ore  from  a  limited  number  of  stopes  hav- 
ing ore  of  considerable  higher  value.  This 
position  was  not  disclosed  in  the  reports 
as  it  undoubtedly  should  have  been;  the 
statement  of  such  a  condition  would  at 
once  have  shattered  the  confidence  put 
in  the  ore  reserves  on  account  of  past 
results. 


Early  Mining  and    Silver    Produc- 
tion at  Cerro  de  Pasco      ■^-" 


The  discovery  of  molten  silver  in  the 
ashes  of  his  evening  fire,  by  the  Indian 
shepherd,  Huarl-Capcha.  in  1630,  led  to 
the  opening  up  of  the  Cerro  de  Pasco 
district  in  Peru.  According  to  Lester  W. 
Strauss  (Inca  Chronicle),  the  first  "mine 
scale"  was  made  in  1740  and  as  early  as 
this,  drainage  tunnels  had  been  found 
a    necessity. 

With  the  Introduction  of  the  first  steam 
pump  of  Cornish  pattern  in  1810,  the 
zone  of  oxidation  was  passed,  sulphides 
and  native  silver  taking  the  place  of  the 
oxidized    ores. 

The  crude  system  of  mining  of  the 
early  days,  which  was  fruitful  of  acci- 
dents and  costly,  is  still  in  evidence.  The 
miners  were  paid  according  to  the  grade 
of  the  ore.  If  in  rich  ore,  the  miner 
carried  his  huachaca,  or  half  portion  of 
the  ore  broken  during  the  day  to  the 
registro  on  the  surface.  Here  the  mine 
owner  took  out  a  fifth  for  pumping  ex- 
penses, half  the  remainder  for  himself, 
thus  leaving  one-fifth  of  the  total  ore 
broken   as  the  miners'  pay. 

The  silver  production  of  the  district 
since  Its  discovery  is  estimated  at  about 
300,000,000  ounces. 

At  the  present  time  silver  ores  or 
pacos  containing  little  or  no  copper  are 
being  mined  and  sold  to  the  Cerro  de 
Pasco  company  for  converter  lining.  Only 
ores  carrying  30  oz.  and  over  of  silver 
and  more  than  70  per  cent,  silica  are 
bought  for  this  purpose. 


460 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Recent  Practice  in  Copper  Matte  G)nverting 

Increased  Scale  of  Operations,  Larger  Vessels  and  Improved  Appliances 
Used.     Conservation  of  the  Air  and  Importance  of  Volume   Recognized 


i 


BY         R  E  D  I  C  K 


R, 


MOORE* 


The  process  of  converting  copper 
mattes  has  been  in  use  for  about  thirty 
years  and  a  review  of  the  improvements 
that  have  been  made,  the  reductions  in 
costs  that  have  been  effected,  with  some 
suggestions  where  further  improvements 
and  reductions  in  cost  may  be  secured 
may  be  of  interest. 

Important  Steps  in  30  Years  of  Con- 
verter Progress 

The  improvements  that  have  been  made 
may  be  tabulated  as  follows: 

(1)  Enlarging  the  size  of  tha  con- 
verter vessel  has  effected  higher  tem- 
peratures through  the  greater  blast  vol- 
ume used,  more  regular  and  easier  oper- 
ation and  less  losses  through  the  produc- 
tion of  "slop"  and  cleanings  that  must 
be  resmelted. 

(2)  Enlarging  settlers  of  the  blast  fur- 
naces has  furnished  storage  for  matte 
and  avoided  the  cost  of  resmelting  matte 
for  the  converters  in  special  furnaces. 

(3)  Putting  in  the  linings  with  power 
rammers  and  using  gold,  silver  and  cop- 
per ores  in  the  place  of  barren  quartz  and 

clay. 

(4)  Improved  mechanical  appliances 
for  tilting  converters  and  machinery  for 
handling  matte,  slag,  blister  copper  and 
other  products. 

(5)  Improvements  in  means  of  getting 
the  air  blast  into  the  matte  and  prevent- 
ing leakage. 

(6)  The  introduction  of  a  basic  lining 
in  place  of  the  silicious  lining,  effecting 
a  longer  life  of  lining  and  avoiding  the 
cost  of  an  expensive  relining  plant  and 
cranes  of  great  tonnage  for  handling 
heavy  converters;  utilization  of  silicious 
ores  that  would  be  entirely  unsuitable  for 
lining  acid-lined  converters  to  flux  the 
iron  of  the  matte. 

Theory  of  Matte  Converting 

The  theory  of  converting  mattes  is  de- 
pendent upon  the  fact  that  on  forcing  a 
blast  of  air  through  a  body  of  molten 
matte  the  iron  and  sulphur  will  be  oxi- 
dized with  the  evolution  of  sufficient  heat 
so  that,  (a)  notwithstanding  the  great 
amounts  of  heat  lost  in  escaping  gases, 
radiation  and  conduction,  a  temperature 
sufficiently  high  will  be  maintained  in  the 
converter  for  the  iron  oxide  produced  \i 
form  slag,  either  with  the  silica  of  the 
lining  or  with  the  silica  or  silicious  ore? 
added  for  the  purpose,  and  (b)  the  mass 


•PonsHltinc  enRlncpv.  Mexican  -  Amprleiin 
Iloltjlnc  iind  Inippnvpmpnt  Compiiny,  M 
Uroatl    Btrcct.    Ni'W    Ydik. 


in  the  converter  will  be  maintained  in  a 
molten  condition  while  at  the  same  time 
the  copper  from  the  matte  that  might  be 
oxidized  will  react  with  the  sulphides  re- 
maining, forming  either  cuprous  sulphide 
or   metallic   copper. 

The  products  are:  Metallic  copper,  car- 
rying the  greater  part  of  the  gold  and  sil- 
ver and  a  comparatively  small  amount 
of  the  impurities  of  the  matte;  slag, 
containing  a  small  amount  of  copper, 
silver  and  gold,  together  with  the 
iron  from  the  matte  and  part  of  its  im- 
purities; and  gases  carrying  practically 
all  of  the  sulphur  of  the  matte  as  sul- 
phurous acid,  with  minute  particles  of 
matte  and  copper  and  the  more  volatile 
impurities  such  as  a  large  part  of  the 
arsenic,  antimony,  lead  and  zinc. 
The  position  of  the  impurities,  such 
as  lead,  arsenic  and  antimony  will 
depend  greatly  upon  the  temperature  at 
which  the  operation  is  carried  on  and  how 
far  the  conversion  is  carried,  e.g.,  if, 
when  blowing  leady  copper  matte,  the 
operation  is  stopped  when  the  sulphur  is 
not  quite  all  burned  out  (at  "gas  cop- 
per") the  copper  will  still  contain  com- 
paratively large  amounts  of  lead,  arsenic 
and   antimony. 

Slag  Losses 

The  amount  of  copper  and  precious 
metals  in  the  slag  will  under  ordinary 
conditions  be  sufficient  to  require  resmelt- 
ing or  special  treatment  for  their  re- 
covery and  the  irony  slags  are  generally 
a  welcome  addition  to  the  blast-furnace 
charge  both  for  their  fluxing  power  and 
excellent  physical  condition. 

By  removing  the  slag  that  has  formed 
before  the  metal  is  "high"  the  copper 
and  other  losses  may  be  kept  quite  low 
(below  I  per  cent,  for  copper)  in  the 
greater  part  of  the  slag  formed.  The 
matte  is  "high"  when  the  iron  has  been 
removed  to  below  2  per  cent.,  although 
the  copper  may  vary  from  64  per  cent, 
to  77  per  cent,  in  lead-copper  matte  and 
copper  matte;  with  nickeliferous  copper 
matte,  the  percentage  of  copper  may  be 
much  lower. 

Foaming 

When  the  matte  has  reached  this  stage, 
the  slag  or  most  of  it  must  be  removed, 
or  foaming  will  take  place,  possibly  re- 
sulting in  throwing  the  whole  charge  out 
of  the  converters.  This  foaming  is  ap- 
parently due  to  an  accumulation  of  cop- 
per oxide  or  silicate  in  the  slag,  to  such 


a  point  that  a    violent    reaction,    repre-   ■ 
sented  by  the  equation 

2Cu.O  +  Cu=S  =  6Cu  +  SO: 
takes  place  between  this  copper  oxide  and 
the  sulphide  of  the  matte  or  white  metal. 
This  reaction  is  strongly  endothermic, 
representing  a  heat  absorption  of  38,640 
cal.,  which  quickly  makes  the  slag  vis- 
cous and  hence  foamy.  The  exact  con- 
ditions when  this  foaming  will  take  place 
have  not  been  thoroughly  worked  out, 
but  the  reaction  seems  to  be  most  vio- 
tent  and  noticeable  at  lower  tempera- 
tures. This  would  be  expected  from  the 
endothermic  reaction  and  analogy  with 
the  lead  sulphate-sulphide  reaction  which 
scarcely  takes  place  at  all  at  high  tem- 
peratures. 

Foaming  is  certain  to  take  place  if  the 
matte  is  blown  beyond  the  "high"  point 
in  the  presence  of  large  amounts  of 
irony  slag.  It  is  on  account  of  this  re- 
action and  on  account  of  the  high-slag 
contents  of  metals  when  blown  beyond 
the  high  point  that  all  methods  for  the 
direct  conversion  of  ores  to  metallic  cop- 
per, such  as  were  suggested  and  patented 
by  Hollway,  Garretson  and  others,  must 
necessarily  fail. 

Size  of  Converters 

The  improvements  that  have  been 
made  due  to  the  enlargement  of  the  con- 
verting vessel  have  been  limited,  in  the 
acid-lined  converter,  by  the  mechanical 
means  that  have  been  installed  for  hand- 
ling the  vessels  and  relining  them.  Ow- 
ing to  this  limitation,  little  change  has 
been  made  in  the  last  few  years  in  the 
size  of  the  converter — the  largest  ver- 
tical converters,  8  ft.  in  diameter  and  16 
ft.  high,  have  been  in  use  at  Aguascalien- 
tes  for  over  15  years;  and  the  largest 
acid-lined  horizontal  converters  8  ft.  in 
diameter  by  12'j  ft.  long,  have  been  in 
L'se  for  over  six  years.  The  more  recent 
installations  have  been  mostly  of  smaller 
sizes,  7  ft.  by  14  ft.  and  8  ft.  by  II  li- 
ft, respectively,  or  smaller.  Although  the 
International  plant  at  Tooele,  Utah,  is  in- 
stalling 8xl2'/--ft.  barrel  converters  which 
would  indicate  that  size  to  be  entirely 
satisfactory  at  Anaconda. 

The  large-sized  settlers  of  round  or 
elliptical  section  that  were  made  neces- 
sary to  avoid  resmelting  mattes  have 
proved  a  considerable  improvement  to 
blast-furnace  practice  as  well  as  to  con- 
verting, and  no  one  would  consider  erect- 
ing a  large  copper-blast  furnace  now 
without  a  large  settler  whether  converters 
were  to  be  used  or  not. 


September  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


461 


The  advantage  of  thorough  tamping  of 
the  converter  lining  was  appreciated 
some  years  ago  and  adopted  generally. 
The  usual  appliance  in  use  is  an  air-ham- 
mer hung  on  a  traveling  carrier  from  a 
movable  jib-crane  arm. 

Converter  Lining 

The  use  of  the  silicious  ores  in  the 
'place  of  quartz  or  quartzite  has  made  a 
market  for  ores  that  would  otherwise 
not  pay  the  cost  of  smelting.  The  use 
of  clayey  ores  and  tailing  slimes  has  in- 
troduced quite  a  saving  as  compared  to 
barren  clay,  but  the  supply  of  clayey 
ores  Is  now  insufficient  in  Mexico  and 
barren  clays  are  being  used  extensively, 
as  tailing  slimes  do  not  always  contain 
the  binding  qualities  that  are  necessary. 
Attempts  to  use  the  slimes  from  the  Utah 
Copper  mill   were  unsuccessful   at  Gar- 

,  field. 

It  is  important  in  putting  in  acid  lin- 
ings that  it  should  be  correctly  tempered 
with  just  the  proper  amount  of  moisture 
to  produce  a  hard  homogeneous  mass 
when  tamped.  Making  a  fixed  number 
of  linings  per  shift,  or  putting  out  relined 
converters  regardless  of  the  manner  and 
thoroughness  with  which  they  are  tamped, 
results  invariably  in  short  life  and  more 
expensive  relining  in  the  end.  When  cor- 
rectly mixed  and  rammed  the  lining 
should   require   but   little   drying. 

}!  Excessive  amounts  of  fines  in  the  silica 
make  it  unfit  for  lining  and  considerable 
amounts  of  iron  oxides  or  lime  greatly 
reduce  the  life  of  the  lining  on  account 
of  their  fluxing  action.  For  this  same 
reason  the  clay  used  for  a  binder  should 
not  contain  much  of  such  fluxes,  as  soda, 
potash,  iron  or  manganese  oxides,  or 
lime.  A  clay  otherwise  suitable  but  con- 
taining as  high  as  5  per  cent,  and  6  per 
cent.  CaO  as  gypsum,  was  used  at  Gar- 
field, but  did  not  give  a  satisfactory  life 
of  lining. 

To  be  entirely  suitable  for  lining  acid 
converters,  the  clay  should  be  refractory 
enough  to  hold  the  particles  of  silica  until 
they  are  entirely  fluxed  by  the  iron  oxide 
formed  in  the  bath  of  matte.  Otherwise 
pieces  of  silica  are  loosened  from  the 
lining  and  floated  out  with  the  slag  un- 
fluxed. 

Mechanical  Appliances 

A  great  many  improvements  have  been 
made  in  machinery  for  tilting  devices, 
but  the  arrangement  utilized  on  the  Pierce 
and  Smith  design  of  basic-lined  con- 
verter is  probably  the  simplest  and  most 
economical.  This  consists  of  two  wire 
ropes,  one  end  attached  to  the  converter 
with  the  other  end  of  each  attached  to 
the  heads  of  the  plungers  of  a  hydraulic 
cylinder,  set  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
converter.  These  avoid  the  use  of  the 
rack  and  sector  and  give  a  very  steady 
and  easily  regulated  motion  to  the  con- 
verter. Of  course,  either  alternating-  or 
direct-current   motors   could   be   used    in 


place  of  the  hydraulic  cylinders  if  pre- 
ferred, or  in  a  cold  climate  where  the  use 
of  water  is  likely  to  give  trouble  from 
freezing. 

For  handling  matte  and  shells  for  re- 
lining,  the  traveling  electric  crane  is  in 
general  use  and  in  most  recent  plants  the 
furnaces  and  converters  are  arranged 
for  the  handling  of  the  matte  from  the 
settler  directly  to  the  converters  by  the 
crane.  In  another  system  in  use  at 
Aguascalientes  since  the  converters  were 
installed,  there  are  no  cranes;  the  matte 
is  handled  from  the  settlers  to  hydraulic 
platform  elevators,  each  serving  two 
stands,  by  ladles  set  on  trucks  with  worm 
gears  for  tilting.  The  ladles  are  hauled 
by  steam  locomotives,  and  the  contents 
poured  into  the  converters  through  a 
movable,  curved,  clay-lined  spout.  The 
shells  are  handled  into  and  out  of  the 
stand  by  other  hydraulic  platform  ele- 
vators, constructed  directly  underneath 
the  stands  on  special  tracks  built  for  the 
purpose.  They  are  handled  by  hand-car 
movers  to  a  transfer  table  and  in  the 
same  manner  to  any  desired  relining 
stand. 

At  Anaconda,  where  the  converter  build- 
ing is  separate  and  removed  from  the 
furnace  buildings,  the  matte  is  hauled 
from  the  furnaces  to  the  converters  by 
locomotives  with  ladles  set  upon  trucks 
and  there  poured  direct  from  the  trucks 
to  the  converters  through  short  launders. 

Without  careful  analysis  and  complete 
understanding  of  conditions  anyone  would 
be  inclined  to  label  the  first  methods 
modern,  uptodate  and  economical;  the 
second,  out-of-date,  crude  and  expensive, 
and  the  third,  double  handling;  in  fact, 
I  have  heard  these  identical  adjectives 
applied  to  the  several  methods  by  metal- 
lurgists who  had  not  operated  any  of 
them,  or  only  one  of  them,  and  had  not 
taken  special  conditions  into  account. 

Mechanical  Methods  Compared 

The  special  disadvantages  of  the  first 
method   as  compared   to  the  second   are: 

(1)  Higher  first  cost;  (2)  Greater  re- 
pairs and  upkeep  charges;  (3)  Break- 
ages; (4)  Danger  from  heavy  loads  car- 
ried overhead  and  demoralization  of  op- 
erators of  converters;  (5)  Inefficiency  of 
crane  operators  from  smoke,  fumes  and 
explosions;  (6 1  Inability  to  operate  fur- 
naces efficiently  in  an  atmosphere  heavily 
charged  with  converter  gases. 

It  may  be  said  that  it  is  always  cheaper 
to  transport  on  the  ground  level  than 
by  any  means  that  move  small  loads  in 
the  air  overhead,  and  the  repairs  to  motor 
or  engine,  cars  and  tracks  are  also  much 
less.  At  Aguascalientes  the  cost  per  ton 
of  copper  for  delivering  matte  to  the 
converters  and  handling  slag  from  them 
to  the  slag  beds  was  only  a  small  frac- 
tion of  the  cost  of  the  same  operations 
at  Garfield,  although  the  output  was  only 
one-half  or  thereabouts. 

The  method  at  Aguascalientes  had  sev- 


eral obvious  disadvantages  that  could 
readily  be  avoided  in  building  a  new 
plant.  It  should  also  be  taken  into  ac- 
count that  they  have  cheap  and  efficient 
litbor  when  intelligently  handled  as  com- 
pared to  the  Greek  and  "Hun"  of  the 
northern  smelteries.  Where  there  is 
sufficient  difference  in  levels  the  hy- 
draulic platform  hoists  for  hoisting  the 
matte  cars  could  be  avoided  and  the  matte 
poured  into  the  converters  from  the 
matte-tap  level  by  short  launders.  The 
hydraulic  hoists  for  changing  converters, 
which  are  an  ever-present  source  of 
danger,  could  be  replaced  by  a  heavy 
short-span  crane  for  handling  converters 
to  relining  stands.  A  crane  for  handling 
heavy  material  is  practically  a  necessity 
in  any  case. 

The  suffocating  gases  from  the  con- 
verters while  pouring  copper,  turning  up 
and  down,  etc.,  are  abundant  reasons  for 
placing  the  converters  at  a  distance  from 
the  furnaces  and  the  difference  in  effi- 
ciency and  "morale"  of  the  men  em- 
ployed on  the  furnaces  should  much  more 
than  pay  the  cost  of  the  transportation 
and  handling.  High  buildings  are  not  a 
panacea  for  smoke  and  fume  troubles, 
especially  if  they  are  left  open  all  around 
the  bottom  so  that  the  wind  can  blow 
through  and  cause  enough  suction  to 
neutralize  any  draft  that  would  otherwise 
be  obtained.  Working  in  an  atmosphere 
of  sulphurous-acid  gas  for  eight  hours, 
it  is  to  be  expected  that  the  cranemen 
will  be  far  from  efficient  and  that  the 
breakage  and  accidents  will  be  excessive. 

Handling  the  Blister  Copper 

For  handling  the  blister  copper,  bul- 
lion furnaces  and  tilting  ladles  with 
casting  machines  have  been  installed  in  a 
number  of  the  larger  plants.  Such  in- 
stallations allow  for  the  prompt  release 
of  the  converter  when  its  charge  is  fin- 
ished and  when  properly  designed  and 
operated  should  make  for  cheaper  hand- 
ling and  loading  of  the  blister  copper  and 
a  cleaner  product  for  shipment.  Smaller 
plants  use  the  system  of  pouring  into 
molds,  placed  on  trucks  and  moved  by 
hand  or  by  the  motive  power  used  for 
handling  the  slag.  By  setting  a  three- 
spout  ladle  under  the  launder  that  is 
used  to  break  the  fall  of  the  stream  of 
copper,  three  molds  may  be  filled  at  a 
time. 

The  molds  for  casting  the  copper  are  a 
considerable  source  of  cost  and  annoy- 
ance. They  are  usually  made  of  cast 
iron  although  copper  molds  with  a  plate 
of  cast  iron  in  the  bottom  where  the 
stream  strikes  have  given  good  satis- 
faction. To  allow  accurate  sampling  at 
the  refinery  the  copper  must  be  cast  into 
thin  plates.  A  thickness  of  two  to  three 
inches  is  generally  acceptable.  Wraith's 
exDcriments'  sampling  anode  copper  at 
Anaconda  confirm  this. 

'Dull.  A.    I.   M.   i;  .   Mnnli,   1010. 


462 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Disposal  of  the  By-products 

The  slag  is  generally  skimmed  into 
slag  pots  on  tracks  directly  beneath  the 
converter  although  in  some  places  it  is 
handled  by  cranes  either  to  blast-furnace 
settler  or  reverberatory  furnaces.  Where 
it  is  skimmed  into  slag  pots  it  is  either 
cast  in  casting  machines  and  delivered 
from  the  machine  into  railroad  cars  for 
transport  to  the  furnace  bins  or  cast  into 
beds,  broken  up  by  hand  and  elevated  to 
furnace  bins  especially  constructed  for 
the  purpose.  The  latter  plan  is  expensive 
where  labor  is  high.  There  are  two  sys- 
tems of  casting  in  use — one  consisting  of 
a  set  of  sheet-iron  pans  on  a  moving 
chain  belt;  the  other  system  being  a  se- 
ries of  stationary  cast-iron  molds  ar- 
rr.nged  for  dumping  into  bins.  The  slag 
is  tapped  into  these  from  a  side  taphole 
in  a  slag  car  running  along  the  molds. 
This  latter  system  designed  by  Kelly,  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  has  the  disadvantage  that 
the  engine  and  crew  are  tied  up  while  the 
slag  is  flowing. 

The  other  by-products  are  the  slop  and 
splash  around  the  converters  and  the  flue 
dust  and  flue  accretions.  In  a  properly 
operated  plant  these  products  (except  the 
flue  dust)  may  be  handled  again  into  the 
converter  and  form  welcome  additions  for 
cooling  down  hot  charges. 

Where  the  operations  are  not  carefully 
performed  these  products  and  the  shells 
or  skulls  from  the  ladles  with  cleanings 
from  converter  shells  at  the  relining  plant, 
cannot  be  resmelted  in  the  converters  and 
v/ill  form  a  considerable  percentage  of 
the  furnace  charge,  resulting  in  increased 
smelting  costs.  The  excessive  forma- 
tion of  these  products  results  from  the 
following  practices:  Overcharging  con- 
verters; overflowing  charges;  improperly 
tamped  linings;  poor  lininf  material;  or 
poor  joints  between  the  bottom  and  cap. 
Probably  the  most  fruitful  cause  is  over- 
charging in  the  rush  to  make  tonnage. 

Complete  Utilization  of  the  Oxygen 
Introduced 

The  oxygen  of  all  air  introduced  into 
the  bath  of  matte  is  completely  utilized 
for  combustion,  even  with  a  thin  layer 
of  matte  above  the  tuyeres.  This  fact 
was  proven  by  John  Hollway  as  long  ago 
as  1878  in  his  experiments  on  converting 
mattes  at  Penistone".  Analyses  of  the 
gases  from  converting  showed  no  oxygen. 
Of  course,  it  would  be  possible  to  make 
conditions  in  which  all  of  the  oxygen  is 
not  utilized,  such  as  too  thin  a  layer  of 
matte  over  the  tuyeres,  or  too  large 
tuyere  openings,  but  with  the  tuyeres  not 
larger  than  1  '4  in.  diameter  and  a  few 
inches  of  matte  over  the  tuyeres  all  the 
oxygen  is  utilized.  Indeed,  if  any  con- 
siderable amount  of  oxygen  escaped  com- 
bustion the  cooling  effect  of  the  heat 
taken  up  by  it  and  the  associated  nitrogen 
would  be  immediately  apparent. 


Some  experiments  which  I  made  in 
1904  with  a  view  to  ascertaining  the 
amount  or  depth  of  matte  necessary  to 
give  complete  utilization  of  the  oxygen 
may  be  of  interest  although  some  of  the 
data  were  imperfect.  The  specific  gravity 
of  the  specimen  matte,  at  60  deg.  F.,  was 
4.91  ;  of  the  specimen  slag  was  3.84,  and 
of  the  white  metal,  5.72.  The  diameter 
of  the  newly  lined  converter  was  3 
ft.  with  the  top  tuyere  opening  8  in. 
(0.666  ft.)  above  the  bottom.  But  as  the 
matte,  slag  and  white  metal  must  have  a 
much  lower  specific  gravity  at  the  high 
temperature  and  molten  condition  obtain- 
ing, I  have  used  the  specific  gravity  4.5 
for  matte;  3.5  for  slag  and  5.5  for  white 
metal  for  the  calculations,  as  these  fig- 
ures are  close  enough  for  the  purposes. 
With  a  charge  of  7110  lb.  matte,  using  the 
specific  gravity  given,  we  have  at  the 
start  25.280  cu.ft.,  which  is  equivalent  to 
3.576  ft.  depth  of  matte;  or  3.576  ft.  — 
0.666  ft.  —  2.91  ft.,  the  depth  of  matte 
above  tuyeres  at  the  start  of  the  blow.  At 
the  end  of  the  blow,  the  converter  meas- 
ured 3' J  ft.  inside  diameter  at  the  tuyere 


is  generally  stated  as  free  air  (piston  dis- 
placement) per  ton  of  blister  copper  pro- 
duced. To  determine  the  efficiency  of  the 
air  in  addition  it  is  necessary  to  know  the 
temperature  of  the  air  at  the  blower  in- 
take, the  barometric  pressure,  the  humid- 
ity, the  weight  and  analysis  of  the  matte 
converted  and  of  the  slags,  gases,  flue 
dust  and  bullion  produced.  Many  of  these 
data  are  not  kept  in  any  plant  with  which 
I  am  familiar,  but  fairly  close  estimates 
may  be  made  from  the  analyses  and 
weights  of  the  matte  and  bullion.  This 
will  serve  for  comparisons,  or  theoret- 
ical efficiency. 

The  losses  of  air  may  be  stated  as  fol- 
lows: (1)  Loss  due  to  temperature  and 
humidity  of  air  when  taking  signal-ser- 
vice temperature  and  humidity  instead  of 
actual  inlet  temperature  and  humidity, 
with  the  inlet  in  the  engine  house.  This 
loss  may  amount  to  over  5  per  cent,  when 
the  outdoor  temperature  is  low  and  en- 
gine-room temperature  is  high  and  con- 
tains considerable  escaping  steam. 

(2)  Slippage  and  volume  efficiency  of 
the  air  cylinders  will  show  but  a  partial 


AMOUNT  OF  AIR  U.SEn  IN  CONVERTING  AT  DIFFERENT  PLANTS. 


Plant. 


A 
B 

C 
D 

E 
E' 
F 
F' 


Kind  of  Matte 

Copper 

Copper 

Copper 

Copper 

Copper 

Copper 

Copper 

Copper-lead 


Time. 


3  nio. 
1  mo. 

1  yr. 
1  .vr. 
1  yr. 
1  mo. 
3  mo. 
I  mo. 


Cu.ft.  per  Ton 
Blister  Copper. 


235.587 
262.400 
151.346 
173.968 
165,368 
141,125 
125,880 
01.412 


Bullion, 
Cu. 


99.5 

99,0* 

99.0* 

99.0* 

99.0* 

99  0* 

96.5 

95.0 


Grade  of  Matte 


Pb. 


5.0* 
4 .  5* 
3.1 

ly.o 


Cn. 


39.0 
42.0 

41  9 

42  S 
43.0 
43.8 
43.3 
40.2 


^I-'imires  from  memory. 

11,  ('.  I)  are  stated  amounts  and  I  do  not  kuow  whether  allowance  for  slippago  was 
made  or  not.  E  and  E'  are  plant  lii^ures  allowing  for  slippage  which  1  have  corrected 
to  actual  en.gine  displacement.  A,  F  and  F'  are  actual  piston  displacement  as  calculated 
from  dimensions  of  air  cylinders  and  revolution-counter  records.  Analyses  are  arith- 
metical means  of  daily  samples  and  may.  not   represent    the    actual    averages. 


•Journ.   Soc.  .■\rts.   I''c 


It.    1S79. 


line  and  the  bottom  was  about  1  ft.  below 
the  tuyeres,  as  nearly  as  could  be  meas- 
ured when  the  copper  was  poured,  and 
the  converter  contained  3459  lb.  white 
metal  and  5203  lb.  slag  by  calculation. 
The  slag  removed  weighed  4925  lb.,  but 
a  small  amount  remained  in  the  con- 
verter. The  3459  lb.  of  white  metal  oc- 
cupied 10.06  cu.ft.,  which  gave  a  total 
depth  of  1.05  ft.,  or  a  trifle  above  the 
tuyeres  when  the  converter  stood  upright. 
With  the  vertical  converter  in  use  it 
could  not  have  been  possible  to  have  had 
over  6  in.  of  matter  over  the  tuyeres,  even 
allowing  for  errors  of  measurement,  and 
tilting  the  converter  back  as  far  as  pos- 
sible ;  on  this  blow,  calculating  the  amount 
of  oxygen  in  the  air  supplied  (piston  dis- 
placement) at  the  temperature,  barometric 
pressure  and  humidity  obtaining  against 
the  oxygen  required  for  the  theoretical 
elimination  of  the  iron,  sulphur,  etc.,  an 
efficiency  of  74  per  cent,  was  shown, 
which  was  a  little  better  than  the  aver- 
age at  that  plant  at  the  time. 

Loss  of  Air  Used  in  Convkuting 
The  amount  of  air  used  for  converting 


delivery  to  the  air  lines,  amounting  prob- 
ably with  well  managed  engines  to  not 
ever  90  per  cent,  of  the  piston  displace- 
ment. The  volume  efficiency  may  be 
measured  from  the  indicator  cards  of  the 
air  end,  but  I  do  not  know  how  accu- 
rately. One  set  of  cards  gave  93  per 
cent. 

(3)  Loss  of  air  from  safety  valves  and 
pipe  leakages.  This  may  be  minimized  by 
care  on  the  part  of  the  engine  men  and 
frequent  inspection  of  air  lines. 

(4)  Loss  of  air  in  turning  up  or  down 
converter  and  stopping  and  starting  en- 
gines, where  but  one  converter  is  in  use. 

(5)  Loss  of  air  in  connections  to  con- 
verter tuyeres  and  through  defective  or 
worn  tuyere  valves.  This  may  be  avoided 
largely  by  well  designed  and  finished 
connections  and  due  care. 

(6)  Loss  of  air  through  cracks  and 
crevices  in  the  lining.  This  may  be  re- 
duced largely  by  larger  tuyere  openings, 
solid  tamping  in  of  lining  and  care  in 
driving  tuyere  bars.  Baggaley''  and 
Pierce  and  Smith'  have  attempted  to  ob- 


V. 


S.    I 'ill. 
S.     I'al. 


.\'(i.  s(;."i.(;7l.  Sept.  10,   i;iii7. 
.\o.    !)42,340,    Dec.    7,    I  Hull. 


September  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


463 


viate  this  by  using  metal  tuyeres  extend- 
ing through  the  lining,  and  some  of  the 
earlier  converters  turned  out  by  well 
known  manufacturers  had  metal  tubes  to 
extend  through  the  lining. 

(7)  Loss  of  air  from  tuyere  punching. 
This  may  be  reduced  to  a  minimum  by  a 
reducer  in  the  outer  end  of  tuyere  of 
such  a  size  as  to  allow  the  punch  rod  to 
enter  readily  but  not  leave  a  large  open- 
ing around  the  rod.  It  may  be  further 
reduced  by  peepholes  in  the  tuyere  cap 
(not  with  Dyblie  tuyeres)  so  that  the 
puncher  can  see  the  condition  and  not 
punch  except  when  necessary. 
Best  Types  of  Tuyere 

The  Aguascalientes  tuyere,  which  con- 
sists of  a  simple  dovetailed  casting  with 
a  removable  wedge  to  fit  the  dovetail, 
fulfill  all  these  conditions  and  when 
taken  care  of,  gives  as  good  air  efficiency 
as  any  with  the  exception  of  the  im- 
proved individual  Dyblie  tuyere  designed 
by  Pierce  and  Smith  and  shown  in  the 
Journal  of  March  12,  1910.  The  only 
disadvantage  to  the  latter  is  that  on  ac- 
count of  the  ball  valve,  the  conditions 
cannot  be  seen  and  it  must  be  punched 
whether  it  needs  it  or  not.  The  necessity 
for  punching  may  be  greatly  reduced  by 
running  the  converters  hot. 

Amount  of  Air  Used  in  Converting 
The  amount  of  air  in  cubic  feet,  re- 


burned  by  the  atmospheric  air  after  they 
leave  the  mouth  of  the  converter. 

After  deducting  the  PbS,  ZnS  and 
As;S:  corresponding  to  the  amounts  of 
these  metals  recovered  in  the  flues  and 
baghouse  with  an  addition  of  10  per  cent, 
to  cover  losses,  the  extremely  high  the- 
oretical air  efficiency  of  88  per  cent,  was 
found  for  this  series. 

Loss  OF  Air  by  High  Blast  Pressures 

(8)  A  fertile  source  of  loss  of  air  is 
the  use  of  high  blast  pressure.  Most 
writers  in  speaking  of  converting,  or  for 
that  matter  smelting  also,  give  the  blast 
pressure  but  make  no  reference  to  blast 
volume.  Blast  pressure  simply  means 
velocity  head,  friction  in  pipes,  tuyeres 
and  body  of  converter  and  throat  and  the 
static  head  due  to  the  column  of  matte 
over  the  tuyeres. 

The  static  head  per  foot  of  matte,  white 
metal  and  slag  over  the  tuyeres  may  be 
calculated,  taking  the  specific  gravities 
for  the  molten  substances  at  4.5,  5.5  and 
3.5  respectively,  as  follows:  For  matte, 
4.5X0.4382=1.98  lb.  per  sq.in.;  for 
white  metal,  5.5x0.4382  =  2.38  lb.;  and 
for  slag  3.5X0.4382=1.51  lb.  As  a 
column  of  34  ft.  of  water  gives  a  pres- 
sure of  14.7  lb.  per  sq.  in,  any  other 
liquid  will  give  a  pressure  of  0.4382 
times  the  specific  gravity  for  each  foot  of 
depth,  and  the  total  pressure  of  blast  due 


COSTS  OF  FREIGHT, 

REFINING,  SELLING,  ETC..  ON  COPPER  BULLION. 

Plant. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1909. 

.\nacon(Ia 

338:88 

S36 . 27 
2S.91 

S31   65 

32.48 

S30  51 
26  56 

26^66  est. 

S30  07 

HighKinrt  Boy               

27  50 

Garfield       

more  rapid  the  performance  of  the  work 
and  the  higher  the  temperatures  main- 
tained (the  latter  only  as  radiation  and 
conduction  are  functions  of  time). 

It  was  long  supposed  that  more  fuel 
was  required  for  lead  smelting  in  Lead- 
ville  than  at  the  valley  plants'  and  I  have 
seen  a  number  of  ingenious  although  fal- 
lacious attempts  to  show  the  reason  why. 
The  fact  is  it  does  not  take  any  more 
fuel  for  the  same  charge  at  Leadville 
than  anywhere  else.  This  fact  is  well 
shown  by  the  amount  of  fixed  carbon 
used  per  ton  of  charge  in  that  it  is  no 
greater  there  than  at  other  plants  in  re- 
cent years.  A  possible  reason  for  the 
use  of  more  fuel  at  Leadville  than  in 
the  valley  smelteries  in  the  earliest  oper- 
ations would  be  the  use  of  manganese- 
iron  ores  in  large  quantities  as  the  re- 
quirements of  carbon  for  the  reduction  of 
MnO.  is  much  greater  than  for  Fe=03  as 
shown  below. 

ICO 

Fe.O:,  =  2FeO  +  O  or  160  lb.  Fe.O^,  re- 
quiring 6  lb.  C,  while  2MnO:  =  2MnO  +  O: 
or  174  lb.  MnO,  requiring  12  lb.  for  their 
reduction  to  FeO  and  MnO  respectively. 
The  difference  6  lb.  C  corresponds  to 
about  7  lb.  of  coke  and  the  increased 
amount  of  coke  to  perform  the  reduction 

AIR  U.SE0  .■VT  CONVERTING  PLANTS. 


Plant. 

Pressure. 

Cu.ft.  of 
.\ir  per 
Minute. 

A       

16  lb. 
13  1b. 

11  lb. 

12  lb. 
15  lb. 
11  lb. 
20  1b. 

6000 

B       

4800 

C       

5320 

D             

5200 

E 

6000 

F    :::.::::: 

6500 

a     

duced  to  sea  level  but  not  corrected  for 
temperature  or  humidity,  used  at  several 
plants,  together  with  grade  of  matte  and 
approximate  grade  of  bullion  in  lead  and 
copper  are  shown  in  the  annexed  table. 

Plants  A  and  B  on  the  one  hand  and 
C  and  E'  on  the  other  represent  the  dif- 
ference between  good  and  bad  work  with 
acid-lined  converters,  while  F  represents 
what  can  be  done  with  extreme  care  in 
basic-lined  converters.  The  low  grade  of 
the  bullion  in  F  and  F'  is  due  to  the  ex- 
tremely dirty  antimonial  and  arsenical 
ores  and  by-products  treated,  and  nickel 
and  cobalt  contents.  F'  was  made  treat- 
ing a  highly  arsenical  and  antimonial 
Icady  matte.  This  matte  upon  converting 
gives  over  100  per  cent,  theoretical  air 
efficiency  if  all  the  lead,  zinc,  sulphur 
and  arsenic  eliminated  are  calculated  as 
burned  to  oxides.  But  as  noted  by  Holl- 
way  and  since  verified  by  me  the  lead, 
zinc  and  arsenic  (or  at  least  the  major 
portion  of  them)  that  appear  in  the  fume, 
are  volatilized  as  sulphides  from  the  hath 
and  only  the  lead,  arsenic  and  zinc  re- 
maining in  the  slags  are  subjected  to  oxi- 
dction  by  the  blast.  The  volatilized  sul 
•^hides     are,     of     course,     very     quickly 


to  static  head  in  the  converter  need  be 
no  more  than  two  to  four  pounds  per 
square  inch. 

Volume  and  Not  Pressure  of  Air  Is 
Wanted 

The  velocity  head  to  put  the  volume  of 
blast  through  pipes  and  tuyeres  can  be 
reduced  by  increasing  their  size.  In  like 
manner  the  friction  in  the  tuyeres  may 
be  reduced  by  increasing  their  diameter 
and  number.  Blast  pressure  has  nothing 
to  do  with  the  work  of  converting,  but 
only  with  overcoming  the  various  me- 
chanical resistances;  e.g.,  one  might  have 
a  pressure  of  100  lb.  or  1000  lb.  and  do 
no  converting  if  the  tuyeres  were  not 
opened,  while  with  a  well  designed  con- 
verter 5  lb.  to  10  lb.  pressure  is  ample  to 
get  the  volume  of  air  into  and  through 
the  matte. 

Air  has  the  same  composition  every- 
where (with  the  exception  of  variations 
in  humidity  and  carbonic  acid).  The 
same  weight  of  air  will  do  the  same  work 
anywhere  in  the  oxidation  of  the  sulphur 
and  iron,  etc.,  of  the  matte,  if  brought 
into  the  matte,  and  the  greater  the  weight 
of  air  utilized  within  a  definite  time  the 


might  amount  to  as  much  as  1  per  cent, 
of  the  charge  in  some  cases. 

Blast  Pressures 

It  has  also  been  stated  that  higher 
blast  pressure  is  necessary  at  higher  al- 
titudes to  iTiaintain  the  temperature  of 
the  converting  process.  This  may  be  the 
case  if  pressure  above  atmospheric  pres- 
sure is  taken,  although  I  cannot  see  any 
reason  for  it;  but  it  is  absolutely  certain 
that  it  is  not  the  case  if  absolute  pres- 
sures are  used.  Of  course,  it  will  re- 
quire more  power  to  produce  the  same 
weight  of  oxygen  in  the  blast  at  a  higher 
temperature  or  altitude  than  at  a  lower 
one.  The  blast  pressures  and  volumes 
per  converter  now  in  use  at  various  plants 
are  about  as  shown  in  an  accompanying 
trbulation. 

At  Aguascalientes  in  1904  the  vertical 
converters  were  using  18  to  20  lb.  of 
blast  pressure  with  tuyeres  formed  by 
driving  '4 -in.  bars  through  the  lining. 
The  engine  was  run  on  speed  (instead  of 
pressure)  using  28  r.p.m.  when  blowing 
one  vessel   and  56  r.p.m.   when  blowing 

^Illxon.    "Lend    and    Copper    Smelting,"    p. 

."s :    llofinnn,    "MolnllnrR.v    of   Lend."    p.    304. 


464 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


two.  This  gave  a  piston  displacement  air 
volume  of  5628  cu.ft.  per  min.  per  coa- 
verter  and  if  tuyeres  needed  punching  it 
was  quickly  indicated  on  the  pressure 
gage.  By  increasing  the  size  of  the 
tuyere  holes,  driving  I's-in.  bars  to  form 
the  opening  through  the  lining,  the  pres- 
sure required  was  reduced  by  about  five 
pounds. 

The  result  for  the  first  20  days'  run 
with  enlarged  tuyere  openings  as  aver- 
aged by  the  general  manager  from  the 
Bristol  recording  pressure-gage  cards, 
was  14.7  lb.  pressure,  as  against  18.7  lb. 
for  a  coresponding  period  under  the 
same  conditions  before  the  change  was 
made.  By  using  punch  bars  1  ,'4  in.  in 
diameter,  and  opening  three  more  tuyeres 
we  secured  an  average  pressure  of  about 
12  lb.  over  a  considerable  period,  while 
maintaining  the  same  engine  speeds.  This 
should  represent  a  saving  of  one-third 
of  the  power  cost.  In  addition  to  the 
direct  power  saving  an  increased  air  ef- 
ficiency of  about  20  per  cent,  was  ob- 
tained with  the  corresponding  increase  of 
converter  capacity  of  over  20  per  cent. 

Further  efforts  to  reduce  the  blast  pres- 
sure by  enlarging  the  tuyeres  to  1  Vz  in. 
in  diameter  resulted  in  the  end  tuyeres 
filling  with  matte  when  turning  the  con- 
verters up  or  down.  The  number  of 
tuyeres  could  not  be  increased  on  the 
vertical  type  of  converter  without  se- 
riously impairing  the  strength  of  the  lin- 
ing in  the  tuyere  plane. 

Costs 

The  costs  of  converting  are  very  gen- 
erally calculated  upon  the  tonnage  of 
copper  bullion  produced.  A  better  basis 
would  be  the  cost  per  net  ton  of  fine 
copper  produced,  or  possibly  copper  plus 
silver.  While  the  latter  will  give  a  much 
higher  cost  to  one  doing  just  as  cheap 
work  upon  lower  grade  mattes  it  would 
be  difficult  to  select  a  more  desirable  and 
equitable  method.  When  the  grade  and 
character  of  the  matte  are  taken  into  con- 
sideration, reasonable  comparisons  may 
be  made  especially  if  the  costs  are  sub- 
divided as  they  should  be  into: 

SUBDIVISION  OF  COSTS. 

Converting  Bag  House 
I.iihor  I.iibor 

.■^iiliplii'.s  and  tools  Hues 

Uf-piiir.s  I'ower 

Power  Rclining 

Matte  and  slag  hand-         Fuel  dryinK 

Hue  l.abor 

A.-i.sa.ving  anti  labora-         Power 

toiy  TooIm  and  supplies 

General    expenses,  l!epair.s 

taxes,     insurance, 

etc. 
Salarie.s 

Rcsmellinfi 
Scrap,  slags  and  matte. 

Resmelting  matte,  where  matte  is  not 
taken  by  converters  as  produced  by  fur- 
naces, should  be  a  charge  to  the  con- 
verter plant,  whereas  resmelting  and  con- 
centrating matte  too  low  grade  for  con- 
verting should  be  a  blast-furnace  charge. 
Smelting  matte  where  the  matte  is  pur- 
chased or  produced  by  another    depart- 


ment (considering  the  converters  a  part 
of  the  copper  department)  is  not  a  proper 
charge  to  converting.  It  should  be  taken 
care  of  by  a  separate  charge  for  that 
purpose,  which  will  become  a  credit  to 
the  smelting  department  to  offset  the 
smelting  costs  and   losses. 

Baghouse  E.xpense  Not  a  Converter 
Charge 

The  baghouse  expense  is  not  a  proper 
charge  to  converting  as  the  bag  house 
can  only  be  installed  for  the  purpose  of 
saving  the  lead  in  leady  mattes.  The 
cost  of  saving  the  lead  is  naturally  a 
charge  to  the  cost  of  the  production  of 
lead  and  not  to  the  copper  which  the  con- 
verter is  only  supposed  to  produce. 

The  baghouse  only  serves  to  collect  the 
lead  fume  in  a  form  wherein  it  can 
readily  be  smelted  into  bullion  and,  being 
practically  free  from  copper,  it  will  ap- 
pear as  bullion  with  the  exception  of  the 
smelting  losses. 

The  lead  remaining  in  the  bullion  from 
incomplete  oxidation  will  be  saved  in  the 
refinery  and  finally  returned  to  the  lead 
department  and  the  extra  cost  will  in  the 


plant  which  I  have  in  mind  completion  of 
the  converter  building  was  charged  to 
general  repairs,  and  fully  one-half  of  the 
supplies  and  repair  costs  was  due  to  the 
installation  of  a  copper-casting  device 
that  failed  to  cast,  making  a  total  cost  of 
about  one  dollar  per  ton  of  bullion  pro- 
duced. 

Such  practices  in  the  struggle  for  po- 
sition and  prestige  are  not  at  all  as  un- 
common as  might  be  supposed,  and  when 
they  do  occur  they  try  the  patience  and 
diplomacy  of  the  operators  who  suffer 
to  the  utmost  by  them.  I  have  known 
also  of  cases  where  the  construction  ac- 
counts were  charged  with  work  done  for 
the  operating  account,  but  this  only 
serves  for  another  illustration  of  dis- 
honest practice. 

Basis  of  Cost  Calculation 

Converter  costs  are  calculated  on  va- 
rious bases.  Eliminating  baghouse  and 
resmelting  and  smelting  mattes,  the  ap- 
proximate costs  per  ton  of  bullion  as 
shown  in  the  annexed  table  may  be  said 
to  obtain,  although  some  of  them  may  or 
may  not  include  their  proportion  of  gen- 


COSTS 

PER  TON  BULLION. 

Plant. 

Cu. 

Cu. 

Cu. 

Cu. 

A 
B 

V                               ... 
D                        

38.2 
42.8 
41.9 
43.5 
40.2 
42.6 

S 
S.40 
8.50 
9.00 
4.53 
4.47» 
9.76 
11.41 

<7 
39.0 

42  .'7 
42!6 

s 

8. 5.5 
4192 

6!  860 

41.1 
4i]6 

S 
7.73 

5:36 

c 
41.1 

S 
*3.76 

E                  

F      

G      

*Basic  lined.     E  and  F,  lead-copper  mattes, 
matte  and  baghouse  costs. 

"•■The  .Mineral  Industry,"  Vol.  16,  p.  43. 


F,  from  memory,  probably  including  smelting. 


ordinary  course  of  events  be  charged  to 
the  bullion  in  the  treatment  charges  for 
refining. 

The  refinery  may  decline  to  pay  for 
the  lead  in  the  copper  bullion,  but  even 
if  not  paid  for  its  value  after  deducting 
costs  of  conservation  should  appear  as  a 
credit  to  refining  margins  and  a  charge 
to  refining  costs.  With  such  a  system  of 
subdivision  of  costs,  comparisons  would 
be  readily  made  taking  into  account  all 
the  variations  in  costs  due  to  local  condi- 
tions, such  as  price  of  labor,  coal,  power, 
etc.  Using  a  basic-lined  converter  the 
costs  of  relining,  drying  and  handling 
silicious  ore  to  the  converter  would  be 
put  over  against  the  cost  of  relining  and 
drying  the  acid-lined  converters.  " 

Unfair  Cost  Distribution 

Operating  a  plant  with  a  general  man- 
ager of  a  mechanical  and  inventive  turn 
of  mind  and  who  is  the  actual,  if  not 
the  titular  construction  engineer,  has  its 
disadvantage  to  the  metallurgist  who  is 
required  to  make  cost  showings  in  com- 
parison .with  other  plants.  Under  such 
conditions  cheap  construction  costs,  well 
within  the  original  estimates,  are  made 
ar  the  expense  of  operating  costs.    In  one 


eral  expenses,  taxes,  insurance  and  sal- 
aries. 

The  costs  of  freight,  refining,  selling, 
etc.,  on  the  copper  bullion  varies  largely 
with  the  freight  rates  and  the  intimacy 
of  the  relations  of  the  shipper  with  the 
refiner  and  with  the  refining  and  selling 
cost  profits.  From  the  annual  reports  of 
the  companies  I  have  calculated  the  costs 
for  these  items  per  ton  copper. 

As  the  freight  from  Salt  Lake  and 
Anaconda  is  said  to  be  the  same  on  cop- 
per bullion,  i.e.,  $10  per  ton,  the  High- 
land Boy  must  have  paid  less  selling 
commissions  in  1906  and  1908  than 
Anaconda. 

The  profits  on  the  treatment  of  150,- 
000  tons  at  the  Raritan  refinery  are  stated 
to  be  $1,000,000  per  annum,  equal  to  say 
$6  per  ton,  leaving  after  deducting  freight 
over  .S14  per  ton  for  refining  and  selling 
costs.  These  costs  do  not  include  their 
proportion  of  general  expenses  and  ad- 
m.inistration. 

The  costs  of  converting,  freight,  refin- 
ing and  marketing  per  ton  of  ore  or 
charge  will  vary  directly  with  the  ore 
contents  saved  in  the  process.  For  ex 
ample,  take  two  ores:  No.  I  contains  !.■ 
per  cent,  copper  on   which   a  saving  in 


i 


September  3,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


465 


concentration  and  reduction  of  66?^  per 
cent,  is  made,  resulting  in  1  per  cent, 
copper  production.  Converting  costs  equal 
1  per  cent,  of  S8  or  S0.08.  Freight,  re- 
fining and  marketing  equal  1  per  cent,  of 
S32  or  S0.32,  or  a  total  of  $0.40  per  ton 
of  ore.  No.  2  contains  13.4  per  cent,  cop- 
per, on  which  a  saving  by  direct  smelting 
of  97  per  cent,  is  made,  resulting  in  13 
per  cent,  copper  production.  Converting 
costs  equal  13  per  cent,  of  S8  or  $1.04. 
Freight,  refining  and  marketing  equal  13 
per  cent,  of  $32  or  $4.1(5,  a  total  of  .$5.20 
per  ton  of  ore.  These  costs  are  ordi- 
narily deducted  from  the  price  paid  for 
the  copper  in  the  purchase  of  ores. 

Further  Improvements  and  Reduc- 
tions IN  Costs 

The  points  at  which  further  improve- 
ments and  reductions  in  costs  may  be 
looked   for  are: 

( 1 )  Further  enlargement  of  converting 
vessel. 


erally  be  profitable  where  the  ;froduct  is 
considerable  enough  to  warrant  the  in- 
stallation of  the  necessary  plant.  Each 
plant  will  necessarily  have  its  own  pe- 
culiar problems  to  work  out. 


Grothe-Carter  Vacuum    Filter 

•  The  British  Government  has  issued 
Pat.  No.  18060  of  1909  to  Albert  Grothe 
and  Herbert  Fuller  Carter  of  Mexico, 
for  a  vacuum  filtering  apparatus.  The 
device  consists  of  a  rotating  table  having 
separate  self-contained  filter  boxes  with  a 
discharging  device  to  operate  and  empty 
the  contents  of  each  box  by  inversion  at  a 
predetermined  point  of  travel.  The  boxes 
are  fed  successively  from  a  stationary 
device  and  mounted  on  a  rotating  table 
so  that  each  box  is  in  turn  placed  in 
communication  with  a  source  of  vacuum 
through  a  central  controlling  cock. 

In  the  accompanying  illustrations.  Fig. 


When  the  material  in  the  first  box  has 
been  sufficiently  filtered,  the  outlet  of  its 
discharge  pipe  D  into  the  manifold  cock 
is  momentarily  closed  by  the  partition  G, 
wash  water  is  added,  and  the  outlet 
moves  to  chamber  H  of  the  manifold  cock 
from  which  the  solution  is  conveyed 
away.  When  the  washing  is  completed, 
pipe  D  is  closed  by  partition  K,  pawl  L 
is  lifted  from  its  groove  by  contact  with 
a  stop,  and  a  rack  engages  a  pinion  with 
the  result  that  the  filter  box  is  turned 
upside  down.  As  this  occurs  pipe  D 
communicates  with  chamber  M,  so  the 
suction  is  removed  from  the  underside 
of  the  filter  cloth  and  the  material  rest- 
ing upon  it  drops  into  a  hopper.  The 
box  continues  its  circular  course,  and  by 
means  of  the  rack  and  pinion  it  is  re- 
stored to  its  normal  position,  and  moves 
on  to  be  filled  again  by  the  distributor. 

The  filter  box  C  has  an  upper  remov- 
able filtering  screen  or  hopper  N  and  a 
lower  part   which  collects    the    strained 


Fig.  1 


(2)  Improvements  in  linings  and  care 
in  putting  them  in. 

(3)  Enlargement  of  tuyeres,  care  of 
joints  and  reduction  of  blast  pressure. 

(4)  Converting  higher-grade  mattes. 

(5)  Improvements  in  appliances  for 
handling  slags  and  slop. 

(6)  Taking  air  from  outdoors  in  cool- 
est and  dryest  possible   condition. 

(7)  Conservation  of  gases  and  fumes 
and  heat  of  gases. 

My  calculations  of  the  heat  in  con- 
verter gases  show  that  their  heat  if  uti- 
lized for  the  production  of  steam  in  boil- 
ers will  give  more  than  enough  power 
ir  the  operation  of  the  converters. 

The  utilization  of  the  gases  for  the  pro- 
duction of  sulphuric  acid  will  on.y  be 
ptofitable  where  there  is  a  market  for  the 
product.  The  saving  of  the  zinc  and 
lead  contents  in  the  gases  should   gen- 


FiG.  4 
Details  of  Continuous  Filter 

1  shows  the  construction  of  the  table; 
Figs.  2  and  3  show  a  plan  and  section  of 
the  filter  box;  Fig.  4,  the  construction  of 
the  central  manifold  cock;  and  Fig.  5  the 
mechanism  for  dumping  the  boxes. 

Details  of  Operation  of  the  Grothe- 
Carter  Filter 
The  operation  is  as  follows:  The  frame 
is  set  rotating,  and  the  mixture  to  be 
filtered  is  fed  into  the  distributor  B, 
which  distributes  it  over  the  screen  of  the 
first  filter  box  C  passing  underneath.  The 
cock  A  for  this  box  is  opened,  and  suc- 
tion under  the  filter  cloth  begins,  the 
clear  solution  passing  through  pipe  D  to 
a  chamber  E  of  the  central  manifold 
cock  F  and  from  there  to  a  receiver.  All 
the  boxes  on  the  frame  successively  pass 
under  the  distributor  and  receive  their 
charge,  the  cock  of  each  box  being 
opened  as  soon  as  it  has  been  charged. 


LTjn  Fig.  5 

Tht  L'nffinttnny  .f  Mininff  Journal 


liquid  and  discharges  into  the  pipe  D. 
The  filtering  screen  A'  is  made  up  of  one 
or  more  thicknesses  of  duck,  jute  cloth, 
wire  cloth,  etc.,  supported  by  a  wire 
screen. 


A  recent  ordinance  issued  by  the 
Papuan  Board,  according  to  the  Aust. 
Min.  Stand.,  provides  for  the  payment  of 
a  reward,  not  to  exceed  £1000,  for  the 
.discovery  of  any  new  goldfield  in  British 
New  Guinea,  provided:  (1)  That  for  a 
period  of  18  months  within  the  three 
years  following  the  report  of  the  dis- 
covery, a  population  of  not  less  than 
200  miners  of  European  descent  has 
been  employed  upon  the  goldfield.  (2) 
That  the  goldfield  is  distant  more  than 
20  miles  in  a  straight  line  from  the 
nearest  place  where  payable  gold  has 
previously  been  obtained. 


I 


466 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Reflections   on    Some   Colliery   Explosions 

Views  of  Many  Experts  Who  Concur  in  the  Belief  That  Rescue  Ap- 
paratus Should  Be  Immediately  Available  at  Each  and   Every  Colliery 

SPECIAL       CORRESPONDENCE 


The  community  in  Great  Britain  are 
viewing  with  symptoms  of  alarm  the  re- 
curring coal-mine  explosions.  In  Au- 
gust, 1908,  the  Maypole  colliery  disas- 
ter (Lancashire)  claimed  75  victims.  In- 
terest throughout  the  land  was  sustained 
for  an  unusually  long  period  of  time  due 
to  the  mine  firing,  making  it  necessary  to 
flood  the  workings  with  water;  the  recov- 
ery of  the  mine  commenced  on  Novem- 
ber 5,  1908,  and  proved  a  long  and  tedi- 
ous operation.  The  coroner's  inquiry  in- 
to the  explosion  occupied  23  sittings,  and 
altogether    56    witnesses    gave    evidence. 

In  the  view  of  Henry  Hall,  formerly 
inspector  of  mines,  and  Samuel  Pope, 
barrister-at-law,  who  reported  to  the 
Home  Office,  the  most  important  aspect 
of  the  evidence  at  the  inqury  was  the 
apparent  lack  of  any  definite  line  of  ac- 
tion to  be  followed  by  the  firemen  and 
shot-lighters  when  they  found  parts  of 
the  mine  dangerously  affected  by  emis- 
sions of  firedamp,  a  condition  which 
must  arise  from  time  to  time  in  mines 
of  such  a  nature  as  the  Maypole,  how- 
ever skilfully  the  ventilation  may  be  ap- 
plied. Too  much  confidence  was  placed 
in  the  shot-firers  and  they  were  expected 
to  handle  difficulties  without  constant 
recourse  to  their  superiors.  The  diffi- 
culties were  greater  than  the  shot-firers 
could  successfully  grapple  with,  and  it 
was  here,  the  commissioners  thought, 
that  this  colliery  was  deficient  in  organ- 
ization. They  added:  "An  important  les- 
son to  be  learned  from  the  disaster  seems 
to  us  to  be  that  an  endeavor  should  be 
made  in  mines  which  make  firedamp 
freely,  to  fix,  if  practicable,  some  stand- 
ard of  ventilation,  with  the  object  of 
lessening  both  the  responsibility  and  dis- 
cretion of  the  under  officials." 

The  Value  of  Complete  Records 

G.  H.  Winstanley,  the  lecturer  in  min- 
ing at  the  Manchester  university,  who  at- 
tended throughout  the  prolonged  May- 
pole inquiry  in  an  address  before  the 
Colliery  Managers  Association,  in  Lan- 
caster, said  that  no  one  circumstance  was 
more  forcibly  impressed  upon  his  mind 
during  the  inquiry  than  the  importance, 
the  inestimable  value  of  complete  and 
accurate  records.  He  recalled  that  there 
are  certain  statutory  books  of  records  to 
be  kept  at  the  mine,  and  entered  up  day 
by  day  or  at  other  stated  periods.  The 
Idea  that  these  books  are  only  to  be  filled 
up  as  a  matter  of  form  need  not  be  en- 
tertained for  a  moment.  The  manager 
may  some  day   find  his  reputation,  per- 


haps   his     liberty     depends    upon    those  ' 
records. 

Mr.  Winstanley  proposed,  if  there  is  a 
possibility  of  the  shot-firers  getting  into 
the  habit  of  entering  up  this  report  book 
in  a  formal  sort  of  a  way,  that  is,  if 
they  regard  this  duty  as  merely  a  bur- 
densome detail  of  routine,  that  steps 
should  be  taken  to  correct  the  habit.  He 
told  his  auditors  the  statement  is  so  in- 
credible that  he  hesitated  to  believe  it — 
of  a  fireman  who  could  neither  read  nor 
write  except  the  one  sentence:  "Safe  and 
in  good  order."  There  can  be  no  pos- 
sible value  in  such  a  report.  As  to  the 
impression  produced  upon  the  minds  of 
a  jury  to  whom  such  a  report  was  pre- 
sented with  that  sentence  repeated  day 
after  day  like  lines  in  a  copy  book,  com- 
ment  is   surely  needless. 

In  February,  1909,  the  explosion  at 
West  Stanley  (Durham)  was  accompan- 
ied by  the  loss  of  168  lives.  In  this 
case  some  were  disposed  to  argue  that 
electricity  had  been  a  factor  in  extending 
the  calamity  (see  p.  1074  Engineering 
AND  Mining  Journal,  May  21,  1910).  In 
connection  with  the  inquiry,  D.  W.  M. 
Thornton,  Professor  of  Electrical  Engi- 
neering at  Armstrong  College,  New 
Castle,  thought  the  most  probable  cause 
of  the  explosion  was  a  short  circuit  set 
up  by  a  train  of  coal  dust,  and  there  was 
in  court  a  junction  box  from  the  "Busly 
West"  seam,  which  box  was  electrically 
disemboweled,  and  that  was  exactly  where 
two  experts  (Simon  Tate  and  W.  C. 
Blackett)  fixed  the  explosion. 

Short  Circuits  Caused  by  Coal  Dust 

Professor  Thornton  demonstrated  that 
sparks  would  pass  between  carbon  dust 
immersed  in  oil  under  pressure  of  50 
volts,  and  this,  he  said,  proved  that  if 
there  was  electrical  pressure  between 
metal  terminals,  the  carbon  dust  which 
collected  formed  chains,  so  that  the  elec- 
tricity passed  easily  from  the  one  to  the 
other.  Where  metal  terminals  are  ex- 
posed, dust  held  in  suspension  is -gradu- 
ally deposited,  and  would  be  sufficient  to 
establish  a  short  circuit.  Assuming  a 
short  circuit  caused  by  coal  dust  at  the 
terminals,  and  a  cloud  of  dust  caused  by 
a  traveling  set,  witness  concluded  it 
would  probably  he  sufficient  to  start  fir- 
ing along  the  roof  and  perhaps  cause  an 
explosion. 

In  further  evidence,  the  professor  said 
a  short  circuit  might  have  taken  place 
in  a  closed  distribution  box  and  blown 
off    the    cover,    causing    an    explosion    if 


the  conditions  were  just  right.  He  has 
known  boxes  with  heavy  cast-iron  cases 
blown  up  by  no  more  than  a  short  cir- 
cuit. It  is  impossible  to  construct  cov- 
ers with  terminals  impervious  to  dust.  A 
spark  produced  by  friction  may  fire  gas, 
but  he  does  not  think  it  would  fire  dust. 

The  Darran  Explosion 

The  South  Wales  district  was  stirred 
in  November,  1910,  by  the  Darran  col- 
liery explosion,  in  which  there  were  27 
deaths,  including  five  members  of  the 
rescue  party.  The  outstanding  features 
of  this  accident  calling  for  attention 
were:  (a)  That  would-be  rescuers  con-' 
tributed  nearly  20  per  cent,  of  the  death 
roll;  (b)  the  considerable  interval  be- 
tween the  time  of  the  explosion  and  the 
arrival  of  properly  equipped  rescue  bri- 
gades; (c)  the  recovery  of  eight  horses 
alive  after  the  ventilation  had  been  re- 
stored; (d)  the  absence  of  any  record 
as  to  the  quantity  of  explosive  given 
out  from  the  store;  (e)  the  divergence 
of  opinion  as  to  whether  the  mine  was 
really  dry  and  dusty. 

The  Wellington  pit,  Whitehaven,  Cum- 
berland, was  visited  by  a  holocaust  on 
May  11,  1910,  the  destruction  of  136  lives 
being  the  result.  To  the  terror  of  the 
explosion  was  added  that  of  a  fire,  and 
the  mine  inspectors  and  experts  reluct- 
antly concluded  that  rescue  operations 
must  be  abandoned,  and  the  mine  bricked 
up.  At  first  they  merely  blocked  up 
the  main  intake  only,  but  unavailing  ef- 
forts to  get  into  the  workings  by  the 
return  showed  clearly  that  the  quickest 
way  to  recover  the  bodies  of  the  en- 
tombed men  was  to  exclude  all  air  from 
the  mine;  this  was  done,  but  not  until 
the  experts  had  been  forced  back  by  in- 
tense heat  after  passing  through  gas 
which  was  succeeded  by  dense  smoke. 

More  Openings  to  the  Surface 

Arising  out  of  this  disaster  at  White- 
haven, there  has  been  considerable  discus- 
sion and  many  suggestions  have  been 
made  with  a  view  of  securing  greater 
safety  and  increasing  the  prospects  of 
escape  in  the  event  of  an  explosion  oc- 
curring. It  may  be  recalled  that  the  coal- 
mines act  of  1887  enacts  that  there  must 
be  two  separate  shafts  at  least  15  yd. 
apart,  and  all  the  seams  worked  require 
direct  communication  with  these  shafts. 
In  view  of  the  extent  of  many  mines,  it 
is  now  suggested  there  should  be  more  i 
openings  to  the  surface,  the  scheme  em- 
bracing   a    double    shaft    for    every    half 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


467 


mile  worked,  which  would  admit  of  work- 
ing a  square  mile  of  coal.  In  addition, 
double  roadways  are  proposed  to  the  pit 
bottom  from  every  section  or  district  of 
the  mine,  one  of  these  roads  being  nar- 
row, not  meant  for  haulage.  It  is  urged 
that  such  a  roadway,  6  ft.  wide  and  5  ft. 
high,  would  be  little  liable  to  falls,  and 
that  iron  girders  could  be  used  to  sup- 
port the  roof  and  sides,  all  wood  thus 
being  displaced  in  its  maintenance.  The 
expert  who  advances  these  proposals  ad- 
mits there  would  be  an  additional  charge 
on  each  ton  of  coal  produced,  but  naive- 
ly suggests  that  everybody  would  admit 
that  it  would  be  better  to  pay  a  penny 
per  ton  more  for  coal  than  have  these 
disasters. 

The  awful  loss  of  life  at  Whitehaven, 
more  than  anything  else,  has  directed 
anew  attention  to  the  need  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  rescue  stations  for  mines.  In 
a  letter  to  the  Times,  of  London,  Lieut. - 
Col.  Henry  S.  Walker  says  no  practical 
man  can  deny  that  it  is  quite  possible 
that  had  the  management  provided  some 
form  of  uptodate  rescue  apparatus  at  the 
mine  itself,  or  if  a  rescue  station  had 
been  close  at  hand,  the  majority  of  the 
136  lives  might  have  been  saved,  as  prob- 
ably not  more  than  a  dozen  of  the  men 
were  killed  by  the  actual  explosion.  No 
matter  how  big  a  fire  may  become,  it  is 
always  small  at  the  start,  and  had  men 
been  able  to  reach  the  seat  of  the  fi:? 
within,  say,  half  an  hour  or  an  hour,  it 
might  have  been  comparatively  easy  to 
put  it  out  and  restore  the  ventilation, 
however  bad  the  atmosphere  might  tem- 
porarily have  been,  for  the  heat  could  not 
have  been  so  intense  at  first  as  it  be- 
came a  few  hours  later.  Colonel  Walker 
speaks  from  practical  experience,  for 
about  two  years  ago  a  fire  broke  out  in 
the  workings  of  the  WarncIifTe-Silkstone 
colliery,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from 
the  pit  bottom.  Luckily,  in  this  case  the 
rescue  apparatus  was  at  the  pit  mouth 
ready  for  instant  use,  and  men  fully 
equipped  were  at  the  seat  of  the  fire 
within  half  an  hour  and  were  therefore 
able  to  get  it  quickly  under  control.  But 
without  this  apparatus  they  could  have 
done  very  little,,  and  serious  loss  of  life 
and  capital  would  have  resulted. 

Rescue  Apparatus  Shoulo  Be  Near  at 
Hand 

Colonel  Walker  may  claim  the  author- 
ity of  an  expert,  and  he  points  out  that 
there  are  several  types  of  rescue  ap- 
pliances on  the  market  that  have  stood 
the  test  of  practical  work  under  the  most 
severe  conditions.  He  is  unable  to  un- 
derstand the  slowness  of  colliery  direc- 
I  tors  and  mine  managers  in  adopting  one 
or  other  of  these,  and  hopes  that  no 
more  time  will  be  lost  and  that  every 
district  will  have  its  training  station 
where  the  apparatus  can  be  kept  in  order 
and  repaired,  and  where  men  can  be 
trained.  In  addition  there  should  be  three 


or  four  sets  of  apparatus  at  each  pit, 
which  should  be  constantly  changed  from 
the  central  station  so  that  they  may  al- 
ways be  in  perfect  order  ready  for  use. 
There  is  little  doubt  that  if  these  stations 
were  generally  adopted  throughout  the 
mining  districts,  daily  use  would  suggest 
many  improvements  in  detail,  with  the 
result  that  the  various  appliances  would 
become  more  perfect  and  practical.  .'An- 
other point  is  that  a  man  coming  from 
a  distance  to  undertake  rescue  work  is 
not  only  handicapped  by  loss  of  time, 
but  the  mine  and  system  of  w'orking  is 
unknown,  and  it  is  impossible  for  him  to 
do  such  effective  work  as  the  man  who 
is  at  home  and  knows  the  mine  where  the 
accident  may  take  place. 

At  the  coal  mines  in  the  German  Em- 
pire, in  Austria,  France,  Belgium,  Hol- 
land and  Russia,  it  is  obligatory  to  pro- 
vide breathing  apparatus  to  the  mines.  In 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States, 
however,  there  are  no  definite  regula- 
tions, although  in  the  latter  country  it  is 
true  that  the  mine  accidents  division  of 
the  Technological  Branch  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey  has  officially 
taken  up  the  question  with  a  scheme  for 
the  erection  of  13  stations,  four  of  which 
are  already  in   operation. 

It  is  significant  that  in  Great  Britain, 
where  so  very  much  has  in  different  di- 
rections been  accomplished  in  the  way  of 
legislative  enactments,  the  government 
authorities  are  behind  all  the  other  great 
coal-producing  countries  of  the  world  so 
far  as  definite  action  is  concerned.  There 
is  not  a  single  official  rescue  station  in 
the  country,  the  Government  relying  up- 
on the  munificence  of  the  colliery  owners, 
who,  to  their  credit  be  it  said,  now  have 
stations  at  Wath,  Altofts  and  Tankersley, 
in  Yorkshire;  Atherton,  in  Lancashire; 
the  Elswick  Works,  Newcastle,  for 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  and  Aber- 
aman  and  Crumlin  in  South  Wales.  In 
the  latter  district  1 1  more  stations  are 
under  contemplation,  while  East  Scot- 
land will  shortly  be  served  by  a  rescue 
station  at  Cowdenbeath,  in  addition  a  sta- 
tion is  being  organized  in  conjunction 
with  the  experimental  mine  at  Birming- 
ham University. 

The  British  Royal  Commission  on 
Mines,  in  their  first  report  issued  in  1007, 
expressed  the  view  that  the  question  was 
ripe  for  further  development,  but  their 
conclusion  was  that  sufficient  advance 
had  not  been  made  to  justify  a  recom- 
mendation making  the  provision  of 
breathing  apparatus  compulsory.  They 
were  therefore  content  to  urge  mineown- 
ers  to  take  steps  toward  this  introduc- 
tion. They  were  more  definite  in  their 
1P09  report,  but  even  after  the  accumu- 
lation of  evidence,  they  left  the  provision 
of  appliances  to  private  munificence. 
What  they  did  say  was:  "We  have  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  provision  and 
use  of  breathing  apparatus  should  be 
general  throughout  the  country,  and  that 


every  mine  should  either  be  provided 
with  a  properly  trained  brigade  of  its 
own,  which  appears  to  us  to  be  the 
best  arrangement,  or  have  the  right  to 
call  for  a  sufficient  number  of  equipped 
and  trained  men  from  a  rescue  station. 
The  latter  arrangement,  it  would  appear 
from  the  experience  at  Whitehaven,  is 
not  likely  to  prove  successful.  To  be 
really  successful,  the  apparatus  must  be 
on  the  spot,  with  the  men  trained  and 
ready  to  undertake  the  work  of  rescue 
with    the    least    possible    delay. 

A   Proposed   Rescue   System 

H.  C.  Jenkins,  the  managing  director 
of  the  Mining  Engineering  Company, 
Ltd.,  Sheffield,  Yorkshire,  the  makers  of 
the  "Meco"  breathing  apparatus,  which 
was  worn  by  the  men  who  tried  to  pierce 
the  workings  at  the  Wellington  pit  30 
hours  after  the  explosion  occurred,  has 
been  discussing  feasible  schemes  for  the 
establishment  of  rescue  stations.  He 
suggests  two  ways,  one  being  a  central 
station  and  head  office  for  training  and 
examining  the  men  when  qualified,  con- 
nected with  a  number  of  substations  in 
each  colliery  center,  all  connected  by 
telephone,  so  that  the  men  from  the  sub- 
stations might  be  rapidly  brought  upon 
the  scene  of  a  disaster  and  work  in  shifts 
of  two  hours  each,  which  would  be  quite 
as  much  as  they  could  do  in  poisonous 
fumes.  The  other  scheme  would  be  one 
central  station  with  three  or  four  sub- 
stations and  the  equipment  of  every  col- 
liery with  one  set  of  apparatus  for  every 
200  men  working,  all  ready  to  use,  and 
no  fewer  than  three  apparatus  at  every 
pit.  The  telephone  would  again  be  util- 
ized, and  local  men  could  act  as  guides 
to    the    rescue    parties. 

As  to  the  expense,  Mr.  Jenkins  thinks 
the  colliery  owners  should  pay  pro  rata 
to  the  number  of  men  they  employ.  It  is 
advisable  that  the  trained  men  should  be 
volunteers,  and  that  they  be  paid  while 
training  just  as  if  they  were  at  work 
underground;  should  an  accident  hap- 
pen, they  should  be  called  out  for  duty 
and  paid  a  minimum  payment  of  S5. 

Make-up  of  a   Rescue   Party 

Each  rescue  party  ought  to  consist  of 
five  men — a  leader,  who  should  be  an 
official,  carrying  nothing,  hut  directing 
operations  and  being  responsible  for  the 
whole  party,  two  miners  with  picks  and 
tools,  one  fitter,  with  suitable  wrenches, 
hammer  and  chisel,  and  one  laborer,  car- 
rying crowbars,  axes.  etc. 

The  leader  should  have  a  helmet,  so 
that  he  could  talk  with  the  men,  but  the 
men  should  have  mouthpieces  without 
helmets.  These  would  be  lighter,  but 
would  not  permit  conversation.  In  the 
event  of  one  being  injured  or  overcome, 
the  other  four  could  easily  carry  him  out. 
This  in  brief  is  the  composition  of  the 
rescue  parties  favored  by  Mr.  Jenkins. 


468 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Foreign  Labor  in  the  Pennsylvania  Coalfields 

Laborers  in  Bituminous  Fields  Are  Recent  Foreign   Immigrants,    Who 
Were  Agriculturalists  Abroad.      Employment  Not  Steady,  Wages  Low 

WASHINGTON    CORRESPONDENCE 


The  Immigration  Commission  has  made 
public  the  second  part  of  its  report  on 
"Immigrants  in  the  Bituminous-Coal  In- 
dustry," prepared  under  the  direction  of 
W.  Jett  Lauck,  superintendent  of  agents. 
Part  1  of  this  report  was  presented  to 
the  Senate  before  the  adjournment  of 
Congress  by  Senator  Dillingham,  chair- 
man of  the  commission.  The  section  now 
made  public  deals  entirely  with  condi- 
tions in  the  Pennsylvania  field,  although 
it  is  prepared  substantially  after  the  same 
plan  as  the  preceding  section. 

Fully  75  Per  Cent,  of  Workers  Are 
Foreign  Born 

Conditions  in  the  Pennsylvania  field 
were  studied  in  connection  with  returns 
for  1340  households,  covering  a  total  of 
8871  persons,  and  returns  for  49,137  in- 
dividual male  workers  employed  in  the 
bituminous  mines.  Of  the  1340  house- 
holds, about  97.5  per  cent,  were  foreign 
born,  while  of  the  individual  mine  work- 
ers, 75  per  cent,  were  foreign  born.  This 
enormous  mass  of  foreign  labor,  far 
greater  in  proportion  than  that  exhibited 
in  the  other  bituminous  fields,  was  drawn 
into  Pennsylvania  partly  because  of  the 
extraordinary  increase  in  production 
which  called   for  additional  labor. 

Although  the  majority  of  the  employees 
after  1870  were  of  foreign  birth,  employ- 
ment of  immigrants  from  southern  and 
eastern  Europe  did  not  begin  until  about 
1880,  when  the  Slovaks  began  to  arrive, 
followed  by  the  Magyars  and  Poles  and, 
later,  by  the  Italians,  Croatians,  Servians, 
Russians  and  other  southern  European 
races. 

At  the  present  time  the  mining  com- 
munity in  the  Pennsylvania  field  is  com- 
posed chiefly  of  the  foreign  born  who 
have  been  in  the  United  States  only  a 
short  time.  Of  the  37,016  individuals 
studied,  40  per  cent,  had  been  in  the 
United  States  less  than  5  years,  and  29 
per  cent,  less  than  10  years.  The 
foreigners,  moreover,  were  not  miners 
abroad  but  were  in  most  instances  farm- 
ers or  farm  laborers,  nearly  three-fifths 
belonging  to  the  latter  class  in  a  group 
of  1741  individuals  selected  for  special 
study. 

Accidents  Largely  Confined  to  Those 
Having  No  Mining  Experience  Abroad 

The  races  vary  somewhat  in  the  per- 
centage of  farmers  and  farm  laborers, 
the  Russians  reporting  over  92  per  cent, 
as  having  been  engaged  in  that  occupa- 
tion.     Practically    none    of   the    southern 


Europeans  had  been  miners  abroad.  This 
condition  undoubtedly  has  had  its  effect 
in  enlarging  the  proportion  of  mine  acci- 
dents, and  the  commission  shows,  by  data 
drawn  from  State  investigations  and  else- 
where in  conjunction  with  its  own  figures 
for  racial  distribution,  that  accidents  were 
probably  more  numerous  in  those  regions 
where  the  inexperienced  immigrants  were 
found. 

The  study  of  daily  earnings  shows  that 
few  persons  of  arly  race  earned  less  than 
SI. 25  per  day;  of  the  native  born  95.7 
per  cent,  and  of  the  foreign  born  92  per 
cent,  earned  SI. 50  or  over  per  day.  There 
were  only  29.5  per  cent,  of  the  native 
born  and  19.9  per  cent,  of  the  foreign 
born  earning  $2.50  or  over.  The  annual 
earnings  of  1214  male  heads  of  families 
who  reported  shows  that,  for  1188  who 
reported  full  details  and  who  were  for- 
eign born,  the  average  annual  earnings 
were  S427,  while  26  heads  of  families, 
native  born  of  native  father,  reported  an 
average  annual  earning  of  S586.  Of  the 
foreign  born  in  this  group,  47.9  per  cent, 
received  less  than  S400  a  year,  as  against 
15.4  per  cent,  of  the  native  whites.  Only 
15.7  per  cent,  of  the  foreign  born  earned 
over  $600. 

The  English,  German  and  Irish  heads 
of  families  consecutively  averaged  more 
in  annual  earnings  than  did  the  other 
immigrant  races,  though  their  earnings 
were  not  as  high  as  those  of  the  native 
whites.  A  study  of  annual  family  in- 
comes shows  that,  of  1223  families,  49.8 
per  cent,  had  less  than  $500  per  year 
total  income.  The  income  of  the  American 
families  was  41.8  per  cent,  greater  than 
the  average  income  of  the  immigrant 
families.  Some  family  incomes  fell  ex- 
ceedingly low,  for  23.1  per  cent,  of  the 
Ruthenians  received  an  income  between 
$,300  and  $500  per  year,  and  only  2.6 
per  cent,  of  that  race  had  a  family  income 
in  excess  of  $750  per  year. 

Foreigners    Tend    to    Segregate    into 

Boarding  Groups  in  Order  to  Live 

Cheaply 

The  wives  of  the  miners  added  to  the 
earnings  of  husbands  by  taking  boarders, 
as  there  were  few,  if  any,  other  oppor- 
tunities for  work  for  women  except  in 
a  limited  number  of  cases  where  cities 
were  in  the  neighborhood.  The  figures 
show  that  the  necessity  of  adding  to  the 
income  of  the  husband  led  to  very  great 
congestion  among  the  various  immigrant 
races  and  in  some  i  -  tances  destroyed 
tbe    possibility    of    separate    family    life 


owing  to  the  existence  of  boarding  groups 
which  required  almost  the  whole  atten- 
tion of  the  wife.  The  necessity  of  adding 
to  the  earnings  of  heads  of  families  can 
be  better  understood  from  the  fact  that 
the  miners  were  practically  unable  to  do 
anything  outside  of  their  daily  labor, 
the  usual  hours  being  10  per  day,  6  days 
in  the  week,  while  occasionally  inside 
work  called  for  7  days  per  week,  the 
hours  sometimes  running  as  high  as  12 
per  shift. 

In  the  unionized  districts  of  western 
Pennsylvania,  however,  the  standard  hours 
were  8  per  day  and  48  per  week.  Wages, 
moreover,  were  not  free  of  deductions, 
but  upon  the  semi-monthly  pay  day,  sub- 
tractions were  made  covering  the  work- 
man's purchases  at  the  company  store, 
and  for  rent  of  the  company  house  fur- 
nished him  to  live  in.  While  purchases 
at  the  company  store  were  not  abso- 
lutely compulsory,  there  were  some  in- 
stances where  they  practically  were  so, 
while  in  others  it  was  necessary  to  buy 
certain  goods,  such  as  powder  and  ex- 
plosives, at  the  store.  Some  stores  were 
conducted  upon  an  equitable  plan  with 
reasonable  prices  and  the  goods  of  fair 
quality,  while  others  charged  exorbitant 
rates   and   sold   inferior  goods. 

Employment  was  found  to  be  irregular. 
Of  the  native-born  persons,  only  22.9 
per  cent,  worked  12  months  in  the  year, 
and  only  63.2  per  cent,  had  work  for  nine 
months  or  over.  Of  the  foreign  born,  20.5 
per  cent,  worked  12  months,  and  59.3 
per  cent,  six  months. 

Recent  Immigrants  Less  Amenable  to 
Union  Control 

The  variations  in  employment  between 
the  different  races  were  somewhat  notice- 
able; certain  races  being  preferred  when 
men  were  to  be  boarded,  while  occasion- 
ally it  appeared  that  the  men  who  spent 
their  wages  most  freely  at  the  company 
store  were  more  likely  to  be  retained  in 
the  event  of  a  shutdown.  It  was  found 
that  recent  immigrants  were  less 
amenable  to  the  control  of  union  labor 
than  natives  or  northern  European  im- 
migrants, so  that  in  some  sections  a  pre- 
judice has  grown  up  against  them  among 
the  older  employees. 

The  housing  and  living  conditions  in 
the  mining  communities  varied  somewhat 
from  place  to  place,  but  conformed  to 
the  general  uniform  type.  The  com- 
panies supplied  houses  at  a  rental  which 
returned  them  a  handsome  income  on  the 
investment.     Congestion   was  brought  to 


J 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


469 


an  acute  point  in  many  places  through 
the  establishment  of  boarding  groups, 
which  were  both  housed  and  fed  in  the 
small  company  houses.  Owing  to  their 
reluctance  to  entertain  large  groups  of 
boarders,  the  native  families  paid  the 
highest  average  rent  per  apartment,  per 
room  and  per  capita. 

Migratory  Instinct  of  Foreigners  Con- 
stantly Chances  Siatus  of 
Labor  Market 

Under  such  conditions  of  living,  stand- 
ards of  efficiency  were  naturally  not  high, 
but  it  was  found  that  the  recent  immi- 
grants were  more  passive  and  submissive 
and  less  ambitious  and  enterprising  than 
older  immigrants  and  natives.  Opinions 
of  employers  varied  so  widely  that  noth- 
ing definite  could  be  concluded  as  to  the 


able  to  read,  and  83.5  per  cent,  were 
able  to  read  and  write,  while  among  some 
foreign-born  races,  such  as  the  Bulgar- 
ians, only  43.3  per  cent,  could  read,  and 
36.7  per  cent,  could  read  and  write.  The 
northern  European  immigrants  were  far 
superior  to  the  southern  Europeans  in 
this  regard,  some  reporting  100  per  cent, 
of  their  number  able  to  read  and  write. 
Information  obtained  from  43,798  males 
show  that  5()..S  per  cent,  were  single,  the 
native  and  foreign-born  being  substan- 
tially of  an  equality  in  this  regard. 

Foreigners  E.xhibit  Little  Civic  Inter- 
est IN  Local  or  National  Affairs 

Among  the  influences  tendng  to  retard 
assimilation  and  the  assumption  of  a 
stable  form  of  family  life  were  the  dif- 
ficulties in  the  way  of  home  ownership, 


ing  communities  undertaken  for  the  pur- 
pose of  checking  the  general  results 
which  had  been  obtained  through  a  study 
of  numerous  communities.  The  com- 
munity studies  bear  out  in  a  general  way 
the  conclusions  already  arrived  at  in  the 
general  study  of  the  Pennsylvania  field. 


Coal  Mining  in  a  Vertical  Seam 


By   Henry   M.    Payne* 


The  geological  structure  of  the  Hosmer 
field  is  most  unique.  Mt.  Hosmer  is 
an  up-thrust  of  the  Devonian  limestone, 
through  the  coal  beds  of  the  Cretaceous, 
and  the  effect  has  been  to  throw  the  10 
seams  of  coal  on  the  east  side  of  the  Elk 
river,  into  pitches  varying  from   12  to  55 


Fig.  1.   General  View  of  Hosmer,  British  Colu.mbia,  and  Mount  Hos.mer  in  Background 


relative  merits  of  the  different  races. 
Americans  or  northern  Europeans  were 
employed  for  most  of  the  administrative 
positions,  while  the  routine  work  was 
done  by  foreigners,  mostly  of  southern 
European  origin,  the  order  of  preference 
in  some  cases  being  as  follows:  Magyars, 
Poles,  Slovaks  and  South  Italians. 

The  migratory  instinct  of  the  immi- 
grants tends  to  give  a  fluctuating  char- 
acter to  the  labor  supply,  the  men  moving 
rapidly  from  the  mine  to  mine  and  fre- 
quently visiting  abroad  when  work  is 
slack.  About  one-fifth  of  all  immigrants 
were  found  to  make  visits  abroad. 

A  high  rate  of  illiteracy  prevailed 
among  most  of  the  recent  immigrants. 
Of  48,747  employees,  85.2  per  cent,  were 


due  to  the  fact  that  mining  companies 
would  not  sell  their  houses.  Of  1358 
families,  only  9.2  per  cent,  owned  their 
own  homes.  Little  real  or  intelligent 
civic  interest  was  manifested  by  recent 
immigrants,  the  Bohemians  and  Morav- 
ians being,  perhaps,  more  ambitious  to 
share  in  politics  than  any  other  foreign- 
born  race  group.  Of  12,182  immigrants 
who  could  be  naturalized  citizens  if  they 
so  desired,  only  22.1  per  cent,  had  availed 
themselves  of  the  opportunity,  while  10.3 
per  cent,  had  taken  out  their  first  papers. 
The  report  on  the  Pennsylvania  field 
closes  with  a  detailed  study  of  represen- 
tative bituminous  mining  localities  in 
western  Pennsylvania.  The  method  there 
adopted  is  that  of  a  specific  study  of  min- 


deg.  The  Hosmer  Mines.  Ltd.,  in  open- 
ing up  their  property  at  Hosmer,  on  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  about  30  miles 
west  of  Crow's  Nest  Pass,  and  7  miles 
east  of  Fernie,  drove  a  5200-ft.  tunnel 
transversely  through  these  measures,  as 
indicated  in  Fig.  2. 

After  passing  through  1200  ft.  of 
Fernie  (Benton)  shales,  and  200  ft.  of 
sandstone.  No.  1  seam  was  encountered, 
and  thereafter  at  inter\'als  averaging  400 
ft.  the  succeeding  seams  up  to  No.  10, 
beyond  which  lies  200  ft.  of  conglomerate 
rock.  These  seams  vary  from  4  to  40  ft. 
in  thickness,  with  a  cover  of  approxi- 
mately 2000  ft.  above  the  tunnel.    Refer- 

•ConsuItluK  mining  engineer,  Morgantown, 
W.  Vii. 


470 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


' 


ence  to  Fig.  2  shows  the  mountain  on 
the  east  side  of  the  creek  to  be  a  table 
land. 

The  photograph,  Fig.  1,  was  taken  from 
the  company  office  at  the  mines,  looking 
west,  toward  Mt.  Hosmer,  and  at  the 
extreme  right  of  this  picture  the  up- 
lifted strata  in  nearly  vertical  position, 
are  plainly  visible. 

Method  of   Development 

From  the  tunnel,  cross  entries  are 
driven  right  and  left,  on  the  strike  line, 
in  each  seam.  At  intervals  of  250  to 
300  ft.,  chutes  are  driven  directly  up 
the  pitch,  for  about  400  ft.  From  these 
chutes,  alternately  right  and  left,  rooms 
are  turned  on  the  level  and  parallel  to 
the  cross  entry  below.  The  coal  from 
these  rooms  is  brought  in  small  ore  cars 
by  hand  to  the  chute  and  dumped,  whence 
it  passes  down  by  gravity  to  the  cross 
entry  below,  the  bottom  of  each  chute 
forming  a  bin,  out  of  which  the  cars  are 
loaded  and  hauled  to  the  tunnel,  where 
compressed-air  locomotives  pick  up  the 
train  and  haul  it  to  the  mouth  of  th.:  tun- 
nel. Here  the  entire  trip  is  let  down  the 
mountain  on  a  splendidly  equipped  plane 


i^^:>)^ 

^^^% 

S^-. 

The  Enffinetriny  •^Minin^  Journal 


Fic.     2.      Showing     Tunnel     Driven 
THROUGH  Coal  Measures 

exceeding  4000  ft.  in  length,  to  the  tipple. 

As  the  development  of  the  mines  re- 
quires, additional  cross  entries  will  be 
turned  at  succeeding  levels  of  500  ft. 
until  ultimately  there  will  be  4  levels 
in  simultaneous  operation,  and  the  com- 
pany expects  to  recover  a  high  percentage 
of  the   coal   on   the   property. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  domestic 
trade,  the  company  also  supplies  the  coal- 
ing station  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way and  operates  a  large  washery  and 
coke    ovens. 

I  am  indebted  to  General  Manager 
Lewis  Stockctt  and  Superintendent  D.  S. 
Wilson,  of  the  company,  for  many  courte- 
sies and  much  information  during  my 
visit  at  the   mine. 


Report  on  Immigrants  Engaged  in 
Bituminous     Mining 


The  condition  in  the  coalfields  of 
Alaska  in  1900,  as  reported  by  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  shows  no  industrial 
advance,  and  in  some  regions  there  was 
decided  retrogression.  The  long  delay  in 
the  issuance  of  patents  to  coal  lands  and 
the  popular  clamor  against  all  Alaskan 
coal  claimants  have  discouraged  claim- 
ants and  investors. 


Washington  Correspondence 

The  Immigration  Commission  has  made 
public  a  third  section  of  the  report  on 
immigrants  engaged  in  bituminous  coal 
mining.  This  new  section  of  the  report 
relates  exclusively  to  the  field  in  the 
Middle  West,  including  Ohio,  Indiana, 
and  Illinois.  Of  9331  mine  workers  who 
were  studied,  it  was  found  that  57  per 
cent,  had  been  in  this  country  less  thar 
10  years,  and  more  than  one-fourth  less 
than  five  years.  The  investigation  shows 
that  not  only  was  there  r  much  larger  per- 
centage of  native  and  Northern  European 
immigrants  in  the  Middle  West  than  were 
in  Pennsylvania,  but  that  a  larger  per- 
centage of  the  men  who  reported  had  been 
miners  abroad.  Nevertheless,  the  major- 
ity of  all  miners  reporting  had,  as  in 
Pennsylvania,  been  farmers  or  foreign  la- 
borers. The  daily  earnings  of  male  heads 
of  households  in  the  Middle  Western  field 
were  found  to  be  S1.25  or  over  per  day 
in  the  case  of  96.1  per  cent,  of  all  the 
employees  investigated.  Of  the  native- 
born,  95.9  per  cent,  earned  SI. 25  a  day 
or  over,  87.9  per  cent,  earned  S2  or  over, 
and  63.2  per  cent.,  82.50  a  day  or  over. 
Only  10.7  per  cent,  earned  S3.50  a  day 
or  over. 

An  inquiry  into  the  annual  earnings  of 
the  heads  of  163  families  shows  that 
S472  was  the  general  average.  A  study 
of  aggregate  earnings. of  families  shows- 
that  the  wives  of  employees  in  a  consid- 
erable number  of  instances  added  to  the 
family  income.  The  contribution  of  chil- 
dren in  some  instances  made  available  ad- 
ditional sources  of  revenue. 

The  Machine  System  of  Mininc- 

The  report  of  the  commission  notes  the 
tendency  to  introduce  the  machine  system 
of  mining  in  place  of  hand  or  pick  min- 
ing. This  machine  system  operates 
strongly  to  enable  immigrants  to  super- 
sede the  native  American  miner.  While 
the  immigrants,  in  conjunction  with  the 
use  of  machine  methods  of  mining,  have 
rendered  possible  the  rapid  expansion  in 
the  output  of  coal,  the  conclusion  is 
reached  that  wages  have,  nevertheless, 
increased  in  a  material  degree,  although 
the  earnings  per  day  in  the  hand  mine 
are  now  considerably  more  than  in  the 
machine  mine.  The  recent  immigrants, 
however,  are  tending  to  drive  out  the 
older  mine  workers,  and  only  by  the  use 
of  labor  organizations  has  this  process 
of  displacement  been  in  part  counter- 
acted. As  the  older  miners  are  displaced, 
they  have  tended  to  drift  to  other  coal- 
fields, although  many  have  left  the  in- 
dustry entirely.  It  was  also  shown  that 
the  average  American  household  has 
fewer   persons   than   the   average    immi- 


grant household.  Only  a  comparatively  || 
small  number  of  households  have  dis- 
tinct rooms  set  apart  for  living,  cook- 
ing and  the  eating  of  meals. 

The  Western  Miner  More  Intelligent 

The  literacy  of  the  miners  in  the  Mid- 
dle West  were  found  to  be  somewhat 
better  than  in  the  East.  It  appeared  that 
92.6  per  cent,  of  the  miners  could  read, 
and  91  per  cent,  could  both  read  and 
write.  Of  the  natives  96.8  per  cent, 
could  read  and  write.  About  85.4  per 
cent,  of  the  foreign-born  miners  could 
both  read  and  write.  Of  the  foreign-bom 
females  only  60  per  cent,  could  read  the 
English  language.  It  appeared  that  only 
44  per  cent,  of  the  foreign-born  employees 
were  naturalized,  while  18.9  per  cent,  had 
first  papers  only,  and  37.1  per  cent,  had 
neither  first  nor  second  papers. 


The  West  Virginia    Coal   Industry 
in   1909 

Special  Correspondence 


From  the  713  producing  mines  oper- 
ated by  391  firms,  together  with  the  small 
country  mines,  the  coal  produced  during 
the  fiscal  year  1909  was  46,697,017  short 
tons;  this  output  shows  an  increase  over 
the  previous  year  of  2,326,756  tons.  The 
total  production  of  coke  was  3,125,451 
short  tons,  an  increase  of  147,188  tons 
over  the  previous  year.  The  total  value 
of  the  coal  sold  was  $34,480,134;  the 
total  value  of  the  coke  produced  was 
$5,577,276.  The  coal  mines  of  West  Vir- 
ginia in  1909  gave  employment  to  ap- 
proximately 58,000  men.  The  average 
production  per  man  for  the  year  was  750 
short  tons.  There  were  about  1600 
machines  in  use,  of  which  number  625 
were  pick  machines.  The  year  was  e«,- 
pecially  free  from  serious  disasters.  The 
supply  of  coal  still  available  in  West 
Virginia,  allowing  for  a  fair  increase  in 
the  rate  of  mining,  will  last  about  2000 
years. 


^  COLLIERY- NOTES 


It  is  possible  to  burn  coal  containing 
up  to  5  per  cent,  of  sulphur  without  great 
difficulty  from  clinkers.  A  little  steam 
introduced  under  the  grate  will  relieve 
much  of  the  trouble.  Clinker  may  be 
due  to  other  causes  than  sulphur,  as  any 
constituents  of  the  ash  which  are  easily 
fusible   may  produce   it. 

About  one-half  of  the  known  tonnage 
of  Alaska  coal  is  lignite;  a  little  over  one- 
fifth  is  anthracite  and  high-grade  bitumi- 
nous coal,  and  the  rest  falls  into  the 
bituminous  and  subbituminous  classes. 
It  is  fair  to  assume  that  these  ratios  will 
hold  for  the  coals  of  the  areas  on  which 
no  tonnaga  estimates  are  possible. 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


471 


Annual  Report  of  El  Oro 

The  report  of  A.  F.  Main,  general 
manager  of  the  El  Oro  Mining  and  Rail- 
way Company,  Ltd.,  for  the  year  ended 
June  30,  1910,  contains  interesting  in- 
formation as  to  the  company's  operations. 
The  total  ore  mined  in  the  year  was  317- 
824  tons,  an  excess  of  29,247  tons  over 
that  mined  during  the  previous  year. 
The  northern  and  southern  orebodies  of 
the  San  Rafael  vein  were  as  usual  the 
largest  producers,  being  credited  with 
114,841  and  113,401  tons  respectively. 
The  following  tonnages  were  mined  from 
the  different  levels:  San  Juan,  47,368; 
86-ft.,  18,873;  186-ft.,  79,430;  286-ft., 
60.707;  386-ft.,  16,881;  486-ft.,  4722; 
900-,  1000-  and  1150-ft.  levels.  24.391; 
1st.  2d  and  3d,  64,649;  100-  and  340-ft. 
levels,  533;  total,  317,824  tons. 

Much  Sinking  Done 

Besides  a  great  amount  of  drift  work, 
much  shaft  sinking  was  accomplished 
during  the  year.  The  new  shaft  at  the 
northern  end  of  the  property  connected 
with  the  1000-ft.  level  in  January,  and 
in  consequence  ventilation  and  econom- 
ical working  of  the  mine  have  been  great- 
ly facilitated.  The  Somera  shaft-reached 
the  1300- ft.  level.  The  incline,  or  main 
hoisting  shaft,  has  connected  with  the 
1000-ft.  level,  and  the  upper  portion  from 
the  San  Juan  down  to  the  486-ft.  level 
was  completely  retimbered  without  cur- 
tailment of  the  monthly  tonnage  of  ore 
sent  to  the  mill.  The  new  inclined  por- 
tion of  the  south  shaft,  from  the  San 
Rafael  level  to  the  surface,  was  com- 
pleted. The  San  Patricio  shaft  has  been 
sunk  100  ft.  below  the  fourth  level. 

Large  Ore  Reserves  Proved 

As  a  result  of  development  work  on 
the  various  orebodies  of  the  mine,  the 
following  ore  reserves  have  been  blocked 
out:  Northern  orebody,  87,098  tons,  aver- 
aging S6.15  per  ton;  southern  orebody, 
156,348  tons,  $6.34;  total,  243,446  tons, 
iveraging  S6.27  per  ton;  lower  levels,  57,- 
)16  tons,  $18.09;  San  Patricio,  138,577 
ons,  S7.02;  Descubridora  vein,  2000  tons, 
^10;  grand  total,  441,639  tons,  averaging 
^.06  per  ton  in  gold,  to  which  should  be 
idded  3  oz.  silver  per  ton. 

-reditable    results    from    mill    and 
Cyanide  Departments 

During  the  first  two  months  of  the  year, 
nterruptions  in  the  electric-power  service 
aused  the  milling  plant  to  operate  some- 
■  hat  intermittently,  but  from  that  time 
n,  it  had  a  continuous  run,  crushing 
16,138  tons  of  ore,  and  yielding  bullion 
'  the  value  of  .S2. 562, 705.  The  addition 
f  three  tube  mills,  together  with  minor 
hanges,  made  it  possible  to  close  down 
le  No.  t  mill,  and  at  the  end  of  the 
ear  about  1000  tons  per  day  were 
eing     crushed     to     slime     in      the     No. 


2  mill.  The  tons  crushed  per  stamp 
per  24  hours  rose  from  about  four  tons 
in  July,  1908,  to  10.33  in  June,  1910. 
The  results  for  the  year  are  set  forth 
in  the  following  statement:  Tons  crushed, 
316,138;  assay  value  of  ore,  S7.29  in 
gold,  $1.57  in  silver;  theoretical  extrac- 
tion: Gold.  9J.80;  silver,  76.20;  total, 
80.86  per  cent. 

Working   Costs   Reduced 

The  average  cost  per  ton  showed  a 
decrease  as  compared  with  that  of  the 
previous  year,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  expenditure  on  development  was 
nearly  $100,000  more.  The  average  cost 
per  ton  for  the  last  quarter  of  the  year 
was  $3.87;  the  average  for  the  entire 
year,  $4.93.  Total  costs  per  ton  were: 
Mining,  S2.25;  development.  S0.94; 
milling,  $0.28;  cyaniding,  $0.87;  water 
supply,  .$0.01;  general  expenses,  $0.25; 
taxes,  SO.,33;  total,  $4.93  per  ton. 
The  total  bullion  realized  for  the  year 
was:  Gold,  $2,171,744;  silver,  $390,931; 
total,  .$2,562,705;  total  cost,  $1,557,889, 
leaving  a  profit  of  $1,004,816  from  the 
mining  department. 

Railway  and  Lumber  Department 
Shows  Increased  Profit 
The  net  profits  for  the  year  for  the  rail- 
way and  lumber  department  was  $124,- 
254,  the  largest  figure  yet  realized. 
Prominent  factors  in  this  increase  pro- 
fit were  additional  freight  receipts  from 
shipments  made  by  the  Suchi  Timber 
Company,  Ltd.,  the  large  amourtt  of 
wood  hauled  during  the  electric-power 
shortage  and  the  decreased  operating  ex- 
penses. Receipts  were:  General-mer- 
chandise freights,  463,425  pesos;  pas- 
senger receipts,  34,020;  express  receipts, 
11,032;  telegraph  receipts,  425;  miscel- 
laneous, 5178;  total,  514,083  pesos.  The 
expenses  were  306,800  pesos,  showing  a 
profit  of  207,282  pesos.  Adding  to  this 
41,226  pesos  profit  on  wood  and  lumber 
makes  a  total  profit  of  248,509  pesos  for 
the  year. 

New  Installations  Made 

Among  the  new  installations  of  the 
year  were:  A  200-h  p.  electric  hoist 
and  the  various  buildings,  necessary  to 
the  surface  plant  at  the  new  ventilation 
shaft;  the  south-shaft  hoist  was  changed 
from  steam  to  electric  power  and  new  ore 
bins  provided;  a  plant  for  creosoting  all 
shaft  timbers;  a  change  room  near  the 
Somera  shaft;  an  ore  bin  for  the  storage 
of'  tube-mill  rocks  at  mill  No.  2;  three 
new  tube  mills  and  three  tanks  at  the 
cyanide  plant;  six  Burt  revolving  filter 
presses  ;  a  new  transformer  house  in 
mill  No.  2  and  other  electric  equipment; 
and  three  new  cottages  for  the  use  of 
employees.  In  concluding  his  report, 
Mr.  Main  acknowledges  his  appreciation 
of  the  support  he  received  from  his 
staff  and  in  particular  from  his  assistant 
manager,  Frank  Jenkin. 


Salt  Industry  in  France 


The  most  important  of  the  salt  indus- 
tries in  France  are  those  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Meurte-et-Moselle  on  the  eastern 
border,  according  to  the  Journ.  Soc. 
Chem.  Ind.,  July  30,  1910.  In  most  of 
these  works  borings  are  made.  The 
largest  works  are  those  of  Rosieres-Var- 
angeville,  where  the  salt  is  obtained  by 
blasting  in  a  shaft  120  m.  deep.  The 
rock  salt  is  of  a  light  gray  or  red  color, 
and,  being  exceptionally  pure,  is  in  de- 
mand for  the  soda  industry.  The  works 
also  produce  salt  by  Cantenot's  process, 
which  consists  in  passing  through  a  tower 
of  tiles,  a  blast  of  hot  air  derived  from 
the  fire  gases.  Coming  in  contact  with 
the  finely  divided  brine,  it  yields  a  fine 
deposit  of  salt  which  is  used  for  table 
purposes. 

The  best  known  sea-salt  works  are  the 
Peccais  plant  in  Card,  with  an  acreage  of 
6138,  yielding  an  average  of  6.4  to  6.8 
tons  per  acre.  The  most  importance 
works  are  those  of  the  Compagnie  des 
Produits  Chimique  d'  Alais  et  de  la 
Camargue  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rhone. 
The  works  of  Giraud  now  employ  the 
vacuum  apparatus  of  the  Schweizerhalle 
works,  and  work  up  the  excess  of  salt 
into  ammonia-soda.  Magnesium  and 
potassium  chlorides  are  also  produced 
in  these  works.  The  potassium  chloride 
found  in  the  form  of  carnellite  is  utilized 
in  agriculture,  while  a  part  of  it  is  manu- 
factured in  Salindres  into  potassium 
chlorate. 

Other  Salt  Fields  in  France  of  Lesser 
Importance 

The  salt  works  of  the  French  Mediter- 
ranean produce  only  a  small  amount  and 
are  of  relatively  small  importance.  In  the 
Southern  salt  works  from  12.1  to  23.7  tons 
per  acre  are  obtained,  while  in  Corsica 
the  corresponding  yield  is  68.5  tons. 
Since  1865  the  business  of  these  works 
has  been  in  the  hands  of  a  syndicate. 
The  Western  salt  works  on  the  coast 
of  the  Atlantic  extend  over  a  number  of 
departments,  but  their  output  does  not 
compare  favorably  with  that  of  the  South- 
ern works,  in  spite  of  the  advantage  they 
possess  in  having  the  sea  water  raised 
by  the  flow  of  the  tide  instead  of  by 
pumping. 

The  yield  of  salt  per  acre  in  the  Atlan- 
tic field  is  about  from  0.6  to  11.1  tons 
per  acre.  The  chief  towns  for  the  export 
of  salt  are  Marseilles  and  Cette,  the  port 
trade  being  principally  with  Switzerland, 
Algiers  and  Madagascar. 


On  July  14,  a  shipment  of  350  tons  of 
steel  bars  was  received  at  Seattle,  Wash., 
this  being  the  first  shipment  of  steel  to 
reach  Seattle  from  the  Western  Steel 
Corporation's  new  steel  mills  at  Irondale. 
Puget  sound.  Wash.  It  was  also  the  first 
commercial  order  received  by  the  mills. 


472 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


i      PERSO  NAL     |l 


Mining  and  metallurgical  engineers  are  in- 
vited to  keep  The  Exgixeering  axd  Mixing 
JouitXAL  informed  of  their  movements  and 
appointments. 


J.  B.  Parish,  of  Denver,  Colo.,  is  in 
Nevada  making  some  mine  examinations. 

R.  B.  Lamb  has  been  visiting  the  Ohio- 
Keating    mine    at    Radersburg,    Montana. 

John  H.  Banks,  of  Ricketts  &  Banks, 
New  York,  leaves  this  week  for  Idaho  on 
professional  business. 

Ross  B.  Hoffman,  Oakland,  Cal.,  was 
in  British  Columbia  recently  and  went 
thence  to  Denver,  Colo. 

James  A.  Snedeker  announces  the  re- 
moval of  his  office  to  818-819  First  Na- 
tional Bank  building,  Denver,  Colo. 

H.  Mortimer-Lamb,  secretary  of  the 
Canadian  Mining  Institute,  has  returned 
to  Montreal  from  Dusseldorf,  Germany. 

H.  L.  Hollis  and  Potter  Palmer,  Jr.,  of 
Chicago,  recently  visited  El  Promontorio 
mine  at  Cusihuiriachic,  Chihuahua, 
Mexico. 

Richard  D.  Montgomery  has  taken  a 
position  as  field  superintendent  for  the 
Extension  Oil  Company,  operating  near 
Maricopa,  Cal. 

John  H.  Mcintosh,  recently  of  Ouray, 
Colo.,  has  been  appointed  manager  of  the 
Bradshaw  &  Arizona  Mining  Company,  at 
Round  Valley,  Arizona. 

Sir  Weatman  Pearson,  of  London, 
well  known  for  his  oil  operations  in  Mex- 
ico, has  been  raised  to  the  English  peer- 
age, with  the  title  of  Lord  Cowdray. 

James  MacNaughton,  general  manager 
of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla  and  subsidiary 
companies,  has  returned  to  the  property 
after  a  short  visit  at  the  Eastern  office. 

Robert  S.  Botsford  has  been  appointed 
manager  of  the  Brazilian  Development 
Syndicate,  Ltd.,  with  headquarters  at 
Mina  Aurora,  Lauras,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
Brazil. 

E.  Frank  Atkinson,  of  William  Jessop  & 
Sons,  Ltd.,  Sheffield.  England,  steel  man- 
ufacturers, has  left  Mexico  for  .New  York 
and  Sheffield,  after  a  prolonged  stay  in 
the  Republic. 

Lawrence  May,  mining  engineer  for 
the  Bully  Hill  Copper  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company,  of  Winthrop,  Cal., 
was  in  New  York  recently  on  a  short 
business  trip. 

Howard  G.  Wright,  formerly  mill  su- 
perintendent of  the  Keweenaw  Copper 
Company,  has  returned  from  Joplin,  Mo., 
where  he  has  been  connected  with  one 
of  the  zinc  plants. 

H.  W.  Laws  has  been  appointed  gen- 
eral mining  manager  in  London  and  Ni- 
geria for  the  Niger  Company,  Ltd.  His 
English  address  is  Surrey  House,  Victoria 
Embankment,  W.C,  London. 

W.  L.  Kluttz  has  been  appointed  gen- 


eral superintendent  of  the  Thomas  divi- 
sion of  the  Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Com- 
pany, Southern  district,  taking  the  place 
of  J.  E.  Johnson,  Jr.,  resigned. 

E.  T.  Adams  has  resigned  as  chief  en- 
gineer and  manager  of  the  gas  and  mHl 
engine  department  of  the  AUis-Chalmers 
Company,  West  Allis,  Wis.,  a  position 
which  he  has  held  for  the  past  five  years. 
Edward  W.  Berry,  associate  in  paleo- 
botany of  the  John  Hopkins  university, 
has  recently  been  appointed  a  geologist 
on  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  and  will 
spend  the  autumn  in  paleobotanical  col- 
lecting in  the  South. 

Professor  Hardwick,  of  the  mines  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Sheffield, 
England,  has  been  visiting  mines  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  including  the  Western  Fuel 
Company's  coal  mines  in  the  vicinity  of 
Nanaimo,  Vancouver  Island. 

Andrew  Bryden,  for  years  superinten- 
dent of  the  Dunsmuirs'  Extension  col- 
liery, on  Vancouver  island,  B.  C,  has 
been  appointed  superintendent  for  the 
Coal  Hill  syndicate,  to  open  new  coal 
mines  in  Nicola  Valley,  British  Colum- 
bia. 

William  Q.  Ranft  has  changed  his  ad- 
dress from  Boston  to  No.  30  Church 
street.  New  York.  The  Boston  offices  of 
the  Robert  Emmet  Copper  Company,  of 
Montana,  and  the  Iron  Mountain  Tunnel 
Company  have  been  removed  to  the  same 
address. 

Howard  H.  Cook,  who  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  secretary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Iron  and  Steel  Institute,  in  charge  of 
the  institute's  newly  opened  headquarters 
at  30  Church  street.  New  York,  has  been 
connected  for  the  past  three  years  with 
the  Bureau  of  Corporations  at  Wash- 
ington. 

C.  F.  Buck,  who  has  been  associated 
for  a  number  of  years  with  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  as  de- 
signing and  construction  engineer,  has 
recently  opened  an  office  as  consulting 
engineer  at  416  Newhouse  building.  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah.  He  has  recently  re- 
turned from  a  professional  trip  to  Mon- 
tana. 


+     OB  ITUARV     + 


Mining  Company,  and  a  director  in  sev- 
eral other  companies. 

Samuel  Richard  Peale  died  recently  at 
Lock  Haven,  Penn.,  aged  79  years.  He 
was  born  at  Hughesville,  Pa.,  but  had 
lived  at  Lock  Haven  for  54  years.  He 
began  life  as  a  lawyer.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  Clin- 
ton-Center-Clearfield  district  and  served 
one  term.  In  1881  he  began  purchasing 
coal  lands  in  Clearfield  county  and  the 
following  year  bought  many  thousands  of 
acres  on  Moshannon  creek,  near  Kyler- 
town.  Later  he  interested  with  himself 
in  his  coal-land  transactions  John  G. 
Reading,  of  Philadelphia,  and  William  A. 
Wallace,  of  Clearfield.  The  late  Wil- 
licm  H.  Vanderbilt  was  led  to  purchase  a 
half  interest  in  the  lands  and  also,  by  the 
building  of  the  Beech  Creek  railroad,  to 
open  up  the  new  Clearfield  bituminoui 
coalfields.  Mr.  Peale  was  the  general  so- 
licitor of  the  road  from  1882  to  1895  and 
had  charge  of  the  purchase  of  the  right- 
of-way.  He  was  instrumental  in  organiz- 
ing large  and  prosperous  coal  companies 
affiliated  with  the  New  York  Central  in- 
terests. 


Charles  A.  Burnes,  formerly  interested 
in  silver  mining  in  Aspen,  Colo.,  died  on 
Aug.  22  at  the  Hotel  Navarre,  Ne*  York. 

Frank  Smith  died  at  Alta,  Cal.,  Aug.  8, 
aged  38  years.  He  was  for  several  years 
engaged  in  mining  on  the  Mother  lode  in 
California,  and  more  recently  spent  sev- 
eral years  mining  in  Alaska  and  the 
Yukon. 

Ambrose  I.  Harrison  died  at  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  Aug.  24,  aged  49  years.  He 
was  chiefly  engaged  in  the  local  steam- 
boat business,  but  was  also  interested  in 
mining.  He  was  president  of  the  Cupric 
Mines    Company    and    the    Horn    Silver 


^  SOCiniESWTECHNlCAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute — The 
first  formal  meeting  will  be  held  in  New 
York  in  October.  Invitations  to  attend 
have  been  sent  to  leading  representatives 
of  the  iron  and  steel  industries  in  Euro- 
pean countries  and  acceptances  have  al- 
ready been  received  from  a  considerable 
number.  The  sessions  will  open  at  the 
Waldorf-Astoria,  Oct.  14.  On  the  same 
day  there  will  be  an  afternoon  session, 
and  the  entire  day  will  be  devoted  to  the 
address  of  President  E.  H.  Gary  and  the 
reading  of  papers.  In  the  evening  there 
will  be  a  banquet  at  the  Waldorf-Astoria. 
For  Saturday,  Oct.  15,  an  excursion 
around  New  York  harbor  has  been 
planned.  Various  railroad  terminals  and 
important  industries  will  be  visited.  The 
stated  meeting  will  be  followed  by  an  ex- 
cursion, which  will  probably  be  by  special 
train.  Leaving  New  York  Oct.  16,  at 
8  p.m.,  the  party  will  arrive  in  Buffalo 
Monday  morning,  where  the  works  of  the 
Lackawanna  Steel  Company  will  be  vis- 
ited. A  trip  will  also  be  made  to  Niagara 
Falls.  Leaving  Buffalo  Oct.  17,  the  train 
will  arrive  in  Chicago  the  next  morning. 
Tuesday  and  Wednesday  will  be  spent  in 
visiting  the  Gary  works  and  other  plants 
in  the  Chicago  district.  Pittsburg  will 
be  reached  Thursday  morning,  and  Friday 
and  Saturday  will  be  spent  in  that  dis- 
trict. From  Pittsburg  the  party  will  take 
train  Friday  evening  for  Washington,  and 
the  trip  will  terminate  in  New  York  Oct. 
23.  Among  those  who  will  prepare  pa- 
pers for  the  meeting  are  J.  A.  Farrell, 
president  of  the  United  States  Steel 
Products  Company,  Willis  L.  King,  vice- 
president  of  the  Jones  &  Laughlin  Steel 
Company,  and  Charles  Kirchhoff. 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


473 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


^ 


Reports     From    Our     Own     Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Mai\y      Important 
^^      Mining     Centers    of     the  'World       -^        ^ 


San  Francisco 

Aug.  29 — The  largest  gold  dredge  yet 
designed  has  been  started  on  the  Yuba 
river  for  the  Yuba  Consolidated  Gold- 
fields.  The  boat  is  two  feet  longer  than 
No.  8  dredge  of  the  Natomas  Consoli- 
dated of  California,  which  is  150  ft.  long. 
The  buckets  are  to  have  a  capacity  the 
same  as  those  on  Natonia  No.  8,  which 
is  13'..  cu.  ft.  each.  The  new  Yuba  River 
beat  is  to  be  known  as  Yuba  No.  13.  The 
machinery  to  be  placed  in  the  hull  is 
being  built  at  the  shops  of  the  Yuba  Con- 
struction Company  at  Marysville. 

The  South  San  Francisco  Land  and  Im- 
provement Company  has  brought  suit 
against  the  Selby  Smelting  and  Lead 
Company  for  Sl,730.411  damages  because 
the  latter  company  did  not  build  a  smelt- 
ing plant  near  San  Bruno  point  on  San 
Francisco  Bay  after  having  agreed  to  do 
so.  The  plaintiffs,  who  own  a  townsite 
near  San  Bruno  Point  and  sold  the  Selby 
certain  lands  at  a  reduced  price  with 
(he  understanding  that  a  large  plant 
would  be  built,  with  deep  ship  channel. 
docks,  etc.  The  land  company  charges 
that  because  the  smelting  company  did 
not  carry  out  the  agreement  and  build 
the  proposed  plant  it  is  damaged  to  the 
amount  stated.  The  fact  is  that  the  Selby 
company  started  to  build  its  plant  at  the 
point  designated  but  found  such  active 
and  strong  antagonism  from  neighboring 
communities  that  the  whole  plan  had  to 
be  given  up.  In  fact  the  supervisors  of 
the  county  passed  an  ordinance  having 
such  severe  restrictions  that  no  smeltery 
could  be  operated  and  comply  with  the 
law.  The  smelting  company  spent  a  large 
amount  of  money  in  preliminary  work  be- 
fore they  became  convinced  that  it  could 
not  operate  at  San  Bruno  point.  There 
was  much  opposition  to  the  plan  not  only 
from  San  Mateo  and  San  Francisco  coun- 
ties, but  also  from  counties  on  the  oppo- 
site shore  of  the  bay.  Therefore  the 
entire  plan  was  given  up  at  a  considerable 
loss  to  the  Selby  company. 


Denver 

Au^.  29 — A  meeting  of  the  Colorado 
chapter  of  the  American  Mining  Con- 
gress, Aug.  27,  in  Denver,  considered  the 
"onservation  policy   of  the   Federal   Gov- 

rnmcnt,  as  applied  to  the  mining  in- 
terests of  the  State,  and  more  particularly 
protested  against  the  Nelson  bill  No. 
~  IS6,    which    provides    that    all    mining 

laims  can  be  condemned  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  for  water-power  sites, 
if  in  his  judgment  such  claims  are  worth 


more  for  power  sites  than  as  mining 
claims.  While  patented  claims  are  not 
mentioned,  it  is  believed  that  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  the  courts  can  hold  the 
language  as  covering  patented  mining 
claims,  also  in  which  case  no  mining 
claim  in  a  gulch  or  on  a  lower  hillside 
would  have  any  security  of  title.  The 
mining  men  are  not  opposed  to  the  gen- 
eral policy  of  conservation,  but  in  re- 
spect of  their  particular  industry,  which 
until  lately  has  been  the  chief  one  of 
Colorado,  they  feel  that  the  policy  as 
pursued  during  the  last  two  or  three 
years,  and  as  now  outlined  for  the  future, 
is  simply  an  attempt  to  deprive  them  of 
their  inalienable  rights,  and  one  that  has, 
and  will,  put  a  stop  to  all  prospecting 
and  locating  claims  until  the  prospector 
and  miner  are  guaranteed  their  rights 
under  the  mining  laws,  whenever  he  en- 
ters the  reserves,  which  now  cover  nearly 
every  mining  district  in  the  State.  As 
Edward  F.  Browne  points  out,  residents 
of  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  West  Virginia, 
Indiana,  Illinois  and  Iowa  became  wealthy 
through  the  coal  resources  obtained 
through  their  direct  ancestry  or  personal 
selections,  and  he  writes:  "Is  it  fair  that 
the  residents  of  these  States  should  now 
deprive  the  Western  States  of  the  same 
chance  to  enrich  their  citizens,  and  create 
prosperous  tax-paying  communities, 
which  they  enjoyed?" 

The  formal  opening  of  the  Cripple 
Creek  deep-drainage  tunnel  has  been 
postponed  indefinitely,  and  Colonel 
Roosevelt  will  not  attend.  It  is  now 
stated  that  the  heading  is  1200  ft.  from 
the  main  water  course,  which  will  take 
three  months  or  more  to  complete,  and  it 
is  uncertain  whether  the  formal  opening 
will  be  held  then,  or  sooner,  when  the 
connection  is  made  with  the  churn-drill 
hole  of  the  El  Paso  mine,  on  Beacon  hill. 
At  the  El  Paso  shaft  the  tunnel  will  be 
1288  ft.  below  the  surface,  and  if  con- 
tinued on  its  course  to  the  Elkton  mine, 
it  will  be   1640  ft.  beneath  the  surface. 

The  Kuenzel  smeltery,  at  Buena  Vista, 
after  running  18  days,  has  closed  down 
for  some  alterations  in  the  plant,  which 
have  been  found  necessary. 

An  important  event  to  the  mine  op- 
erators of  the  State  is  the  finishing  of 
the  hydroelectric  system  of  the  Central 
Colorado  Power  Company,  which  is 
marked  by  the  completion  of  the  Boulder 
plant. 

Two  important  strikes  recently  made 
in  San  Juan  county  establish  the  fact 
that  the  Red  Mountain  deposits  are  in  a 
zone  continuous  over  Red  mountain  and 


down  along  the  Cement  Creek  side,  and 
that  the  ores  of  San  Juan  county  are 
found  at  depth.  In  the  Kansas  City 
group  in  Georgia  gulch  a  rich  body  of 
copper  ore  has  been  encountered.  Three 
feet  of  solid  ore  is  exposed  in  the  breast 
of  the  drift,  85  ft.  from  surface  and 
at  a  depth  of  70  ft.  This  ore  will  carry 
from  40  to  1800  oz.  of  silver.  It  is 
identical  in  appearance  with  the  rich  ore 
from  the  Yankee  Girl  mine.  Twenty  tons 
of  this  rich  ore  is  being  loaded  today 
at  the  Henrietta  for  shipment  to  Durango. 
The  property  is  owned  by  Walker  &  Russ, 
who  have  worked  it  for  two  years.  Far- 
ther up  the  hill  on  the  outcrop  of  the 
dike  reddish  zinc  ore  has  been  en- 
countered which  answers  the  description 
of  the  zinc  cap  encountered  on  the  Yankee 
Girl  and  Guston  mines.  It  runs  20  to  40 
oz.  in  silver.  The  Hamlet  mine,  six  miles 
from  Silverton  on  the  Silverton  Northern 
railroad,  has  made  a  strike  of  4  ft.  of 
high-grade  copper  ore  on  the  sixth  level. 
The  ore  runs  12  per  cent,  copper  and  as 
high  as  40  oz.  silver.  This  gives  the 
Hamlet  a  stoping  hight  of  1300  ft.  above 
the  sixth  level,  with  no  stoping  done  be- 
low the  fourth  level,  and  practically  the 
same  character  of  ore  throughout,  over- 
throwing the  theory  that  ore  does  not  ex- 
ist at  depth  in  the  San  Juan  veins. 

Butte 

Aug.  27— The  Butte-Ballaklava  Copper 
Company,  against  whom  the  Anaconda 
Copper  Mining  Company  has  recently 
brought  suit  for  SI, 880 .000  damages  for 
ore  alleged  ito  have  been  wrongfully 
taken  from  the  Anaconda  company's 
mines,  has  issued  the  following  state- 
ment defining  its  position  in  the  matter: 
"The  action  taken  by  the  Anaconda  com- 
pany, which  is  in  fact  the  Amalgamated, 
in  bringing  suit  against  the  Butte-Ballak- 
lava Copper  Company  in  which  claim  is 
laid  to  ore  already  mined  and  being 
mined  in  the  Ballaklava  property  is,  we 
believe,  unwarranted  by  the  existing 
geology  conditions.  The  best  expert 
opinions  we  have  been  able  to  obtain  are 
to  the  effect  that  orcbodies  so  far  opened 
up  are  without  question  owned  absolutely 
by  the  Butte-Ballaklava  Copper  Com- 
pany and  the  only  inference  is  that  the 
copper  trust  has  taken  this  action  to 
create  a  selling  panic  among  Ballaklava 
stockholders,  with  the  ultimate  object  of 
obtaining  control  of  the  company  at  a 
nominal  cost.  We  have  the  best  legal 
and  the  best  engineering  advice  as  to  our 
rights  and  should  the  suit  ever  be  brought 
to   trial   we   are   convinced   that  we   will 


474 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


be  easily  able  to  prove  not  only  that  the 
rich  veins  in  the  Ballaklava  mine  apex 
on  our  property  but  that  much  ore  mined 
by  the  trust  will  eventually  be  shown  to 
belong  to  the  Ballaklava  company.  We 
sincerely  trust  that  our  stockholders  will 
not  permit  themselves  to  be  stampeded 
by  this  transparent  subterfuge,  but  that 
they  will  stand  back  of  us  in  our  fight 
to  protect  their  interests." 

The  Anaconda  company  suit  against 
the  Butte-Ballaklava  company  was  to 
quiet  title  to  certain  mining  property, 
restrain  further  extraction  of  ore  there- 
from, and  obtain  SI. 880,000  damages  for 
ore  alleged  to  have  been  extracted  by  the 
defendant  company.  The  complaint  al- 
leges that  Anaconda  is  the  owner  of  the 
Mountain  Chief  and  Right  Bower  lode 
claims,  from  which  ore  has  been  taken 
by  defendant  through  its  Ballaklava  shaft 
on  the  100-  to  1300-ft.  levels.  Reno  H. 
Sales  and  F.  A.  Linforth,  geologists  for 
the  Anaconda  company,  have  filed  affi- 
davits on  behalf  of  that  company  to  the 
effect  that  their  investigations  have  shown 
that  the  Ballaklava  company  is  wrong- 
fully taking  ore  from  veins  having  their 
apex  in  the  Anaconda  company's  Moun- 
tain Chief  and  Right  Bower  claims  and 
upon  these  affidavits  a  restraining  order 
has  been  issued  preventing  further  work 
by  the  defendant  upon  the  orebodies  in 
question  until  Sept.  3,  when  the  court 
will  hear  evidence  upon  the  controversy. 


Goldfield 
Aug.  27 — The  Supreme  Court  has 
handed  down  a  decision  in  the  case  of 
Gamble  vs.  Hanchett  et  al.,  commonly 
known  as  the  Silver  Peak  case.  The  case 
involves  property  valued  at  millions  and 
the  plaintiffs  are  now  free  to  seek  writs 
of  assistance  enabling  them  to  go  into  the 
mine,  to  segregate  their  interests,  to  com- 
pel the  defendants  to  put  up  a  cash  bond 
of  51,500,000  pending  further  action. 

The  Blue  Light  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany property,  16  miles. from  Mina,  has 
been  foreclosed  to  satisfy  a  mortgage  of 
S156,100.  Carl  A.  Platch  bid  the  prop- 
erty in  for  the  bondholders  and  it  is 
authoritatively  given  out  that  reorganiza- 
tion and  resumption  of  work  will  follow. 
About  S300,000  has  already  been  spent 
on  the  property,  a  well  equipped  shaft 
752  ft.  deep  having  been  sunk. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Aug.  27 — The  new  system  for  the  sur- 
vey of  government  lands,  which  will  be 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Interior  de- 
partment, instead  of  being  done  by  con- 
tract will  be  used  in  southern  Utah,  in 
Iron,  Washington,  Kane,  Garfield  and  San 
Juan  counties.  The  surveying  of  these 
lands  will  be  under  immediate  direc- 
tion of  Surveyor  General  Thomas  Hull.  A 
special  appropriation  of  .S50,000  has  been 
made  by  Congress  for  this  work,  in  addi- 
tion to  SI5.000  avail"'-'"  f"-""^  t*^"  eeneral 


appropriation  for  public  surveys.  It  is 
estimated  that  it  will  cost  about  $200,000 
to  complete  the  surveys  of  the  five  coun- 
ties. Mineral,  oil  and  agricultural  lands 
will  be  included.  The  surveyors  will  be 
employed  directly  by  the  government,  at 
a  salary  of  .S200  per  month  and  expenses. 
Five  parties  will  be  sent  into  the  field, 
each  consisting  of  from  seven  to  12  men. 
The  total  number  in  the  field  will  be 
about  50,  and  it  is  expected  they  will  be 
out  from  six  to  eight  months.  Hereto- 
fore the  government  has  been  doing  all 
its  surveying  by  contract,  which  has  not 
proved  satisfactory.  The  parties  are  be- 
ing selected  and  equipped  and  will  be 
sent  into  the   field   at  once. 

.MI  unreserved  nonmineral  lands  with- 
in the  former  Uintah  Indian  reservation 
thrown  open  for  settlement  July  14,  1906, 
and  which  have  not  been  filed  on  by  Aug. 
28,  1910,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction 
Nov.  1,  in  tracts  of  160  acres  each,  pur- 
chase price  to  be  not  less  than  50c.  per 
acre.  No  person  will  be  allowed  to  buy 
more  than  640  acres  in  his  own  right. 
There  are  also  25,170  acres  of  unappro- 
priated land  in  Box  Elder  county,  which 
will  be  open  to  settlement  Oct.  22,  and  to 
entry  Nov.  21. 

Progress  is  being  made  in  driving  the 
Snake   Creek  tunnel.     The   face   is  now 
in   over   1100   ft.     There   has  been   some 
delay  recently  in  receiving  air  pipe,  and 
only  two  shifts  have  been  working  on  this 
account.     The  40-horsepower  locomotive 
to  he  used  in  moving  the  trains  has  not 
arrived,   but   is   expected   before   the   end 
of  August.     Notwithstanding  these  draw- 
backs,   rapid    work   is   being   done.     The 
tunnel  is  crosscutting  the  formation,  and 
no   timbering   has   been   required.     Little 
water  has  been  encountered,  although  the 
face   is   approaching   a   point   underneath 
the  bed  of  Snake  creek.     About  2000  ft. 
further  on,  a  porphyry  dike  will  be  cut, 
which,  it  is  expected,  will  bring  in  con- 
siderable water.     Beyond  this  a  mineral- 
ized  country  is   looked   for.     The   recent 
agreement  between   the    Daly   West   and 
Daly-Judge  for  the  extension  of  the  On- 
tario drain  tunnel  into  Daly-Judge  ground 
will   in  no  way  effect   the  driving  of  the 
Snake  Creek  tunnel,   which   will  be   con- 
tinued with  all  possible  expedition.     Be- 
sides a  large  territory  of  its  own  to  take 
care  of  and  develop,  the  tunnel  will  tap 
the  southwestern  part  of  the  Daly-Judge, 
fully   two   and   one   half  miles    from    the 
Anchor  shaft. 

The  Mammoth  company  has  issued  a 
report  which  discusses  the  first  assess- 
ment, giving  reasons  for  the  same, 
and  stating  that  the  management  has 
every  reason  to  believe  it  will  bi-  the 
last.  The  company  has  paid  $2,190,000 
in  dividends.  In  addition  to  the  judgment 
of  S177,000  paid  the  Grand  Central,  ex- 
penditures have  been  made  of  approxi- 
mately S100,()00  in  acquiring  ground 
which  is  known  or  believed  to  be  valua- 
ble.    This  includes  a  half  interest  in  the 


Don  Pedro  claim,  from  which  the  Gold 
Chain  is  mining  valuable  ore,  also  the 
Last  Show  claim  from  which  rich  gold  ore 
was  shipped.  The  wrecking  of  the  hoist- 
ing engine  and  damage  to  the  shaft  in 
June  have  greatly  retarded  operations, 
and  called  for  repairs  amounting  to  near- 
ly S12,000.  A  drift  is  being  driven  on  the 
1300-ft.  level  to  cut  the  Gold  Chain  fis- 
sure. On  the  2100-ft.  level  prospecting  is 
being  done  near  the  northwest  boundary 
lines  in  search  of  the  Centennial-Eureka 
orezone,  which,  it  is  thought,  may  enter 
this  ground.  When  repairs  to  the  shaft 
and  hoist  are  completed,  development 
will  be  vigorously  carried  on  at  depth, 
and  enough  ore  mined  to  avoid  further 
assessments. 


Cobalt 

Aug.  29. — The  first  concentrating  plant 
in  Gowganda  will  be  erected  on  the 
Reeves-Dobie  property.  It  consists  of 
four  Nissen  stamps  and  six  concentrators. 
Part  of  the  machinery  is  on  the  road,  so 
that  the  plant  will  probably  be  in  opera- 
tion before  winter.  The  Millerett  mine 
has  also  a  considerable  quantity  of  mill- 
ing ore  on  hand,  and  it  is  probable  that  a 
small  plant  may  be  installed  the  coming 
winter.  As  there  appears  to  be  no  pros- 
pect of  getting  a  railroad  into  the  district, 
the  larger  properties  there  will  have  to 
concentrate  their  ore.  Transportation  in 
the  winter  is  very  expensive,  while  in  the 
summer  for  any  except  high-grade  ore; 
the  cost  is  prohibitive. 

The  Porcupine  Mine  Owners'  Associa- 
tion has  been  formed  by  the  mine  owners 
of  the  Porcupine  district,  Ontario,  with 
Clement  C.  Foster  as  president,  and  H.  P. 
Davis,  secretary.  The  object  is  to  pro- 
mote the  interests  of  the  camp  generally 
and  establish  and  maintain  a  publicity 
bureau. 


Guadalajara,  Mexico 
Aug.  27 — In  response  to  a  protest  from 
the  American  miners  at  Jalisco,  Governor 
Miguel  Ahumada  suspended  the  opera- 
tion of  the  new  tax  levied  on  ores  and 
mill  products  by  the  state  legislature 
until  Sept.  1,  The  law,  which  calls  for  1 
per  cent,  of  the  gross  products  of  the 
mines,  plus  20  per  cent,  additional  fed- 
eral stamps,  was  made  originally  effective 
July  1.  Governor  Ahumada  stated  to  the 
miners'  committee  that  he  would  withhold 
the  collection  of  the  tax  until  the  miners 
could  have  opportunity  to  demonstrate  to 
him — as  they  claim  they  can — that  all 
except  one  or  two  mines  in  Jalisco  arc 
merely  in  process  of  development  and  not 
yet  on  a  profit-making  basis.  A  com- 
mittee, headed  by  James  H.  Howard, 
Dwight  Furness,  Antonio  Perez  Verdia  P., 
and  James  P.  Harvey,  has  sent  out  a 
circular  to  all  miners  of  the  State. 

Much  interest  is  felt  in  regard  to  the 
outcome  of  the  matter,  as  it  is  considered 
vital  tn  the  progress  of  mining  in  Jalisco. 


September  3,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


475 


X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Tranafers         The  Current  History  of    Mining 


Alaska 
The  first  Alaska  gold  to  reach  the 
United  States  assay  office  at  Seattle  this 
season,  was  received  Aug.  15.  The  lot 
was  valued  at  S53.826  and  was  sent  by 
the  Miners'  and  Merchants'  bank  of 
Haiditarod.  Its  assay  showed  a  value  of 
$17.25  to  $18  per  oz.,  as  compared  with 
S18.25  for  Nome  and  Fairbanks  gold. 


Alabama 

Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad 
Company — The  company  has  awarded  a 
contract  for  three  turbo-electric  units  of 
3000  kw.  capacity  each,  or  9000  units 
total,  to  the  General  Electric  Company. 
This  additional  power  will  be  distributed 
to  supply  deficits  in  power  at  the  rail 
mill  and  steel  works,  coal  mines  and  coke 
ovens  of  the  company  and  for  operating 
the  plants  of  the  American  Steel  and 
Wire  Company  now  building  at  Corey. 
The  company  is  installing  new  machinery 
and  mills  at  Bessemer,  in  the  plate  de- 
partment of  its  rolling  mills.  A  water 
plate  can  be  rolled  as  soon  as  the  new 
work  has  been  completed. 

Fayette  Light  and  Fuel  Company — 
This  company,  of  Fayette,  80  miles 
Acst  of  Birmingham,  has  ordered 
Jbout  8  miles  of  piping,  and  has 
started  the  work  on  the  trenches 
■'or  the  lines  to  handle  natural 
'.as  from  the  Fayette  fields  into  Fayette 
ind  beyond.  A  contract  has  been  made 
vith  the  Providence  Oil  and  Gas  Com- 
pany for  gas  at  the  several  flowing  wells. 

Consumers  Natural  Gas  Company 
-This  company,  capital  stock  .S2,000,000, 
s  being  formed  in  Birmingham  to  build 
I  pipe  line  into  that  city  (50  miles  from 
he  gas  wells. 


Arizona 

Development  Company  of  America — 
his  company,  controlling  several  mining 
nterprises  in  Arizona,  has  requested  all 
I  its  stockiiolders  to  loan  the  company 
1  per  cent,  of  their  stock  holdings  in 
rder  to  provide  collateral  for  financing 
he  corporation  and  its  various  enter- 
rises.     F.  M.  Murphy,  the  president,  is 

the  opinion  that  necessary   funds  will 

forthcoming    if   the    51    per    cent,    of 

tock    is    deposited,    provided    60    days' 

me  is  given   to  parties  making  loan  to 

ixamine  properties. 

Cochise  County 

Thompson,  Towie  &  Co.  say:  There  is 
Emulative  evidence  that  a  consolidation 
If  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  and  Superior 

Pittsburg  properties  is  not  far  distant. 


Rumors  of  a  consolidation  of  the  prop- 
erties are  taking  more  definite  form,  and 
there  seems  to  be  a  well-founded  belief 
that  such  a  consolidation  would  be  on  a 
basis  of  five  shares  of  Superior  &  Pitts- 
burg for  one  of  the  former  company.  De- 
velopments at  the  Superior  &  Pittsburg 
have  been  gratifying,  it  being  stated  that 
the  company  is  now  in  better  condition 
than  at  any  previous  time  as  regards  ore 
reserves. 

Gila  County 
Lii-i  Oak — The  15th  and  Ifith  churn- 
drill  holes  have  just  been  completed.  The 
16th  hole,  500  ft.  deep,  encountered  ore 
at  335  ft.  and  revealed  a  thickness  of 
commercial  ore  of  150  ft.  The  15th  hole 
was  drilled  to  567  ft.  and  encountered 
ore  at  450  ft.  and  revealed  a  thickness  of 
shipping  grade  of  100  ft.  The  17th  hole 
is  being  drilled  and  is  420  ft.  in  chalco- 
cite,  running  2.25  per  cent,  in  copper.  The 
orebody  differs  somewhat  in  thickness 
from  that  at  Miami  and  Inspiration  and 
resembles  more  closely  in  more  ways 
than  one  the  orebodies  of  the  Ray  dis- 
trict. 


California 

There  is  talk  of  building  a  works  to 
produce  zinc  oxide  at  Los  Angeles.  The 
ore  supply  would  come  from  Yellow  Pine, 
near  Good  Springs,  Clark  county,  Nev., 
which  district  has  lately  been  shipping 
considerable  calamine  ore  to  Kansas  and 
Oklahoma. 

Inyo  County 

Southern  Belle — This  company,  with  its 
mill  four  miles  from  Laws,  has  decided 
to  do  custom  work,  treating  10-ton  lots  at 
S4  per  ton. 

Mariposa  County 

Santa  Clara — This  company,  of  Brice- 
burg,  Willard  P.  Cram,  of  Fresno,  man- 
ager, has  ratified  the  agreement  with  the 
Montreal,  Canada,  syndicate  by  which  the 
latter  agrees  to  buy  110,000  shares  of 
stock  to  be  paid  in  four  months.  A  power 
line  is  being  run  to  the  mine. 
Modoc  County 

The  custom  mill  in  the  Hoag  district 
is  ready  to  receive  ore.  The  plant  con- 
sists of  rock  breaker,  sampler,  10-ft.  Lane 
mill  and  cyanide  plant. 

Mountain  View — At  this  mine  of  the 
Fort  Bidwell  Company,  a  rich  streak  of 
ore,  averaging  S272  per  ton  in  gold  and  I 
ft  wide,  has  been  drifted  upon  for  40  ft. 
Algernon  Del  Mar  is  engineer  and  A.  J. 
Cummings  president. 

Nevada  County 

Golden  Dream— This  company  has 
been    organized    to    work    the    Golden 


Dream  mine  in  Pleasant  Valley,  under 
supervision  of  J.  F.  Littlefleld. 

Arkansas  Traveler — Excellent  copper 
ore  is  being  taken  from  the  claim  at 
Spencerville  by  Otto  Woehler.  The  vein 
is  about  8  ft.  wide. 

Murchie — This  Nevada  City  mine,  idle 
for  a  year  and  a  half,  is  about  to  be 
started  up  again  under  new  owners  and 
management.  Henry  Fitter  will  continue 
as  superintendent.  The  property  has  been 
placed  under  bond  to  H.  F.  Engelbright 
and  Benjamin  Ackerman. 

Erie — If  the  new  concentrators,  now- 
being  installed  in  this  mine  at  Granite- 
ville,  do  not  recover  all  of  the  precious 
metals.  Manager  Eckis  will  put  in  a  cy- 
anide plant. 

Placir  County 
Swamp     Angel— This,    gravel     channel 
mine,  six  miles  from  Dutch  Flat,  has  been 
bought  by  C.  S.  Noble  and  others  of  Ar- 
royo Grande. 

Plumas  County 
Channel — This  mine  near  La  Porte  will 
shortly  erect  a  stamp  mill.    Frank  Tobin, 
of  Oroville,  is  one  of  the  owners. 

San   Luis  Obispo   County 
Chorro — A     12-stamp     mill     is     being 
erected,  with  concentrators,  at  this  mine 
on  the  Jack  ranch   a  few  miles  north  of 
San    Luis   Obispo. 

Shasta  County 
Monarch — This  is  the  name  of  the  new 
mine  found  recently  by  M.  H.  Trask  and 
Ross  Spencer  two  miles  from  Kennett. 
The  vein  was  blind  but  was  traced  by  rich 
float  rock. 

Old  Spanish — This  mine  at  Lower 
Springs,  six  miles  from  Redding,  is  to  be 
reopened.  There  are  large  orebodies  in 
the  mine. 

Black  Tom — Three  mines  of  this  com- 
pany's group  are  being  developed  at 
French  gulch  and  the  mill  will  start  as 
soon  as  power  connections  are  made.  R. 
S.  Archibald  is  in  charge. 

Sierra  County 

The  recent  gravel  strike  near  How- 
land  flat  made  by  Messrs.  Featherstone, 
Carmichael  and  Cosker,  is  considered  to 
be  an  important  one  for  that  section. 
The  gravel  runs  about  SIO  per  car. 

Laveroni — A  strong  vein  has  been  found 
in  this  mine  in  Ladies  canon  near  Downie- 
ville. 

Gold  Star — A  deposit  of  gravel  over- 
looked by  the  Chinese  miners  has  been 
found  in  this  mine. 


476 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


'Vhite  Bear — Louis  Earnhardt  has  taken 
charge  of  this  property  and  extensive 
prospecting  will  be  carried  on. 

Kate  Hardy  and  Young  America — Work 
has  been  stopped  on  these  mines  at  Al- 
leghany owing  to  disagreements  among 
those  holding  the  bond. 

Carson — These    mines   at   the    head   of 
Slug    canon     have     been     placed     under 
bond   to   George   E.   Turpen,   of   Downie- 
ville,  and  will  now  be  developed. 
Siskiyou   County 

The  copper  claims  of  G.  A.  Tyler  on 
.^sh  creek,  nine  miles  from  Hornbrook, 
are  being  developed. 

Blue  Ledge — This  company  is  consider- 
ing the  building  of  a  smeltery  in  the  Blue 
Ledge  district. 

Trinity  County 

New  River — This  company  at  Quimby 
is  building  a  2-miIe  ditch  to  bring  water 
from  Quimby  creek. 

Tuolumne  County 

App — The  new  management  of  this 
mine  at  Jamestown  will  at  once  begin 
sinking  deeper  and  will  add  40  stamps  to 
the  mill. 


Colorado 

Boulder  County 

Brainard — These  properties  near  Ward, 
together  with  the  mill  have  been  deeded 
to  the  Chicago  &  Colorado  Mining  and 
Milling  Company,  represented  by  Wesley 
Brainard,  one  of  the  former  owners  and 
associated  with  the  Ex-secretary  of 
the  Treasury  Lyman  J.  Gage,  in  the 
former  extensive  development  operations 
on  the  properties. 

Chaffee  County 

Gold  Queen — This  company  will  drive 
a  tunnel  to  cut  the  extension  of  the  Mary 
Murphy  vein  at  St.  Elmo;  C.  Kirchner,  of 
Chicago,  is  in  charge. 

New  Discovery — This  company  has 
been  organized  at  Salida  to  operate  on 
Monarch  mountain.  F.  A.  Cherry,  of 
Pueblo,  is  president  and  H.  G.  Green  the 
manager.  Work  will  be  resumed  on  the 
tunnel. 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 
Dives-Pelican — This  group,  near  Silver 
Plume,  has  425  acres  of  claims,  with  a 
200-ton  concentration  plant,  and  four 
niillsites.  The  Bismarck  and  Seven- 
Thirty  groups,  together  with  the  Burleigh 
concentration  plant,  adjoins  the  for- 
mer, and  those  mines  have  in  the  past 
produced  millions  in  high  grade  silver- 
hE«d  ores.  They  are  owned  in  Louisville, 
Ky.,  and  a  report  is  current  that  the  prop- 
erty Is  now  being  examined  by  an  en- 
gineer, with  a  view  to  purchase  by  New 
York  capitalists.  There  are  said  to  be 
2(!  miles  of  underground  workings  in  the 
Dives-Pelican  group.  It  is  reported  that 
In  the  Pelican  a  strike  has  been  lately 
made  of  7  ft.  of  ore  that  is  shown  by  mill- 
urn   tests  to  yield   from  400  to  600  oz. 


silver  per  ton.  The  manager  is  W.  A. 
Hood. 

Concrete — This  property,  in  Eureka 
gulch,  said  to  be  the  western  extension  of 
the  Gunnel!  mine,  is  credited  with  a  strike 
of  free-gold  ore  4  in.  wide  in  the  900-ft. 
level.  The  Newhouse  tunnel  crosses  the 
Icde  about  200  ft.  below  the  lowest  work- 
ings, and  the  water  in  the  shaft  is  being 
lowered  4  in.  per  day. 

Egyptian — This  property  on  Quartz 
hill  has  been  making  heavy  shipments  for 
some  time,  the  first-class  smelting  ore 
realizing  S85  to  S130  per  ton  in  gold,  and 
the  second-class  ore  S45  per  ton. 

War  Dance — This  mine  has  just 
shipped  6500  lb.  of  ore  which  yielded  10 
oz.  gold  to  the  ton,  and  4'j'oz.  silver. 

Pitkin  County 
At  Aspen  the  Smuggler's  compound 
compressor  has  been  started,  and  the 
Free  Silver  shaft  is  being  unwatered, 
which  will  drain  other  properties  along 
the  orebelt,  making  available  large  bodies 
of  ore. 

San  Juan  Disirict 

Kansas  City — The  Silverton  district  is 
agog  with  the  reported  discovery  in  this 
group  of  3  ft.  of  ore  which  it  is  stated  will 
run  from  500  to  2000  oz.  silver.  The  ore 
is  said  to  be  chiefly  stromeyerite,  which 
the  whole  of  that  region  remembers  as 
peculiar  to  the  Yankee  Girl,  in  the  Red 
Mountain  district  in  the  early  days,  one 
carload  of  this  ore  having  yielded 
S80,000. 

Hamlet — This  property,  six  miles  from 
Silverton,  and  above  Howardsville,  is 
credited  with  a  strike  of  4-ft.  of  ore  car- 
rying 12  per  cent,  copper  and  40  oz.  sil- 
ver.    William  Lloyd  is  manager. 

Camp  Bird — The  July  report  shows 
6818  tons  crushed,  yielding  9985  oz.  of 
bullion  and  824  tons  concentrates.  The 
receipts  were  S238,428  and  expenses 
851,065,  leaving  net,  $187,363. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
Isabella — The  semi-annual  report 
shows  total  receipts  for  the  period  of 
SI 22,991,  of  which  S90,593  was  from  ore 
shipped  by  lessees,  $5757  from  ore 
mined  on  company  account,  and  SI  1,009 
from  ores  treated  at  the  company's  mill. 
Lessees  received  .S47,779,  while  transpor- 
tation and  treatment  charged  totaled  S75,- 
411.  The  cash  balance  on  hand  is  S8768, 
with  several  cars  of  ore  unsettled  for. 
The  report  gives  the  number  of  leased 
blocks  at  above  30,  and  the  majority 
producing. 

United  Gold  Mines— The  Blue  Stock- 
ing claim,  on  Battle  mountain,  has  been 
leased,  and  work  commenced,  prospecting 
for  the  extension  of  the  rich  surface  de- 
posit recently  discovered  in  the  Strattons 
Independence  ground  adjoining.  Lessees 
of  the  Deadwood,  on  Bull  Hill,  shipped 
three  cars  of  S,30  ore  from  the  strike 
made  recentlv  on  the  350-ft.  level. 


Mineral  Hill  Tunnel — It  is  reported 
that  the  stock  of  this  company  is  being 
rapidly  subscribed,  and  the  fund  will 
soon  be  sufficier^Iy  large  to  warrant  the 
commencement  of  work. 

Black  Belle — The  Union  Leasing  Com- 
pany, holding  a  lease  on  this  property, 
has  struck  a  body  of  ore  1700  ft.  from 
the  portal  of  the  tunnel,  estimated  to 
average   S20   per   ton. 

Necessity — This  mine,  on  Battle  moun- 
tain, is  said  to  be  producing  a  carload  a 
week    of  2-oz.    ore. 

American  Eagles — A  shipment  of  32 
tons  of  ore  to  Denver  from  this  Stratton 
Estate  property  ran  8  oz.  gold  to  the  ton; 
also  one  carload  of  3-oz.  and  two  carloads 
of  2-oz.  ore  were  loaded  out. 

Doctor-Jack  Pot — Shipments  for  the 
quarter  were  2100  tons;  net  returns, 
S4I50;  cash  reserve  in  the  treasury, 
$6690. 

Findley — MuUin  &  Co.,  leasing  on  the 
11th  level,  900  ft.  below  the  surface,  are 
reported  to  have  opened  3  ft.  of  ore  that 
yields  2  oz.  gold  to  the  ton.  The  mine 
is  operated  by  nine  sets  of  leasers,  and 
the  production  is  from  seven  to  10  cars 
of  ore  per  week. 

Gold  King — This  company,  owning  the 
El  Paso  mine  at  the  head  of  Poverty 
gulch,  has  paid  three  dividends  this  year. 
The  mine  was  leased  to  Owen  Roberts 
18  months  ago,  and  is  subleased  to  vari- 
ous sets. 

Jerry  Johnson — This  mine,  on  Ironclad 
hill,  under  lease  to  Edwin  Gaylord,  is 
producing  about  30  tons  per  diem  of  fair- 
grade  gold  ore. 

Orpha  May — This  property,  owned  b\ 
the  Stratton  Estate,  is  sending  out  three 
carloads  of  S35  ore. 


Idaho 

Couer  d-'Alene  District 

Star — A  shoot  of  galena  ore  600  ft. 
long  has  been  opened  and  the  company 
will  begin  work  early  next  year  to  drive 
a  6000- ft.  tunnel. 

Jack  Waite — Fifteen  feet  of  clean 
shipped  ore  has  been  opened  on  the  250- 
ft.  level.  The  mine  will  begin  ship- 
ments as  soon  as  the  wagon  road  is  com- 
pleted. 

Black  Horse — This  property  will  prob- 
ably he  the  next  lead  mine  to  begin  regu- 
lar shipments,  as  the  150-ton  mil!  will  be 
finished  soon.  The  ore  in  sight  is  reported 
sufficient   for  a  couple  of  years. 

Interstate  Mining  Company — This 
company,  composed  of  Duluth  and  Min- 
neapolis people,  has  been  organized  with 
250,000  shares,  par  value  $10,  to  develop 
claims  near  the  Hercules,  Burke.  The 
president  is  Gust  Carlson,  Hibbing,  Minn. 
A  bunkhouse,  with  baths  and  hot  and 
cold  water,  will  be  started  and  a  contract 
awarded  for  500,000  ft.  of  the  mining 
timber. 


tl 


September  3,  1910. 


THE 


ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


477 


Indiana 

Adams  County 
An  eastern  oil  company  is  testing  in 
this  county.  A  well  on  the  Sam  Houk 
farm  in  the  northern  part  is  almost  com- 
pleted. The  well  was  bailed  out  a  few 
days  ago  and  a  large  quantity  of  oil  of 
excellent  quality  was  obtained.  The  com- 
pany has  taken  leases  on  considerable 
land. 

Knox  County 
Coal    lands    amount-ig    to    more    than 
2000  acres  have  been  purchased  in  Wash- 
ington and  Steel  townships  of  this  county 
by  the  Linton  Coal  Mining  Company. 

A  test  oil  well  is  being  drilled  on  the 
Cunningham  farm  in  the  lower  part  of 
this  county. 

CuLLivAN  County 
Bogin — This  mine  at  olendora,  idle  for 
three  years,  is  being  reopened  and 
will  furnish  employment  to  300  mmers. 
The  mine  belongs  to  the  Consolidated  In- 
diana Coal  Company.  Electric  haulage 
is  being  installed  in  this  and  in  the  United 
mine  north  of  Sullivan.  This  mine  also 
belongs  to  the  Consolidated  company. 

Vico  County 

Bunsen  Coal  Company — This  Illinois 
company  has  been  admitted  to  Indiana 
under  the  foreign  corporation  law.  The 
company  has  a  capital  of  S694,445.  The 
company  will  open  and  operate  coal 
mines  in  Indiana.  Local  offices  will  be 
maintained  in  Terre  Haute.  C.  F.  Lynch 
is  president. 

Lower  Vein  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany, of  Terre  Haute,  has  increased  its 
capital  from  850,000  to  SI 50,000,  and  has 
decided  to  sink  additional  shafts  and  en- 
large capacity. 

Michigan 

COI'PER 

Adventure— Ihe  vertical  shaft  sinking 
tn  reach  the  series  of  lodes  exposed  in 
the  drilling  is  down  725  ft.  and  within  200 
ft.  of  the  point  where  it  is  estimated  that 
the  first  lode  will  be  reached. 

Calumet  &  Hecla — The  company  has 
begun  the  erection  of  a  bath  house  and 
a  new  hospital.  The  work  of  replacing 
:he  guides  in  the  rock-hoisting  compart- 
iients  of  its  Red  [acket  shaft  is  well  un- 
ierway.  du.-ing  this  time  about  300  tons 
)f  rock  per  day  is  being  handled  through 
he  men  and  material  compartments. 

Oneco — No.  8  hole  in  the  southeast 
orner  has  been  discontinued  after  enter- 
ng  the  sandstone  at  1250  ft.  without  re- 
iults.  The  outfit  has  been  moved  to  the 
•ife  of  No.  10  hole  which  is  to  complete 
he  cross  section  of  this  portion  of  the 
ands.  In  all  probability  the  shaft  on  the 
)neco  lode  will  be  reopened  and 
jleepened. 

Hancock — All  the  parts  of  the  perma- 
I'Cnt  power  equipment  have  been  deliv- 
red  and  the  plant  as  a  whole  should  be 


ready  to  go  into  commission  about  Jan.  I. 
The  structural  steel  for  the  shaft  house 
has  been  erected  and  the  building  is  be- 
ing inclosed.  No.  2  vertical  shaft  is  sink- 
ing at  2450  ft. 

Houghton  Copper — The  company  has 
begun  surface  trenching  preparatory  to 
shaft  sinking  and  has  secured  some  prom- 
ising cores  from  the  Superior-Baltic  lode. 

Indiana — No.  7  drill  hole,  sinking  verti- 
cal to  cut  the  Indiana  lode  at  a  point  near 
the  original  discovery,  is  down  1200  ft. 
and  it  is  estimated  it  will  reach  the  lode 
at  about  1400  ft.  No.  9  hole,  sinking  at 
200  ft.  away  on  a  line  with  No.  7,  is  down 
1000  ft.  With  good  results  obtained  in 
these  cores  it  is  likely  a  shaft  will  be 
started. 

Iron 

Richmond — This  property,  on  the  Cas- 
cade range,  has  substituted  two  locomo- 
tives for  mules  for  hauling  ore  from  the 
steam  shovels  to  the  crusher  plant.  The 
mine  is  worked  by  opencut. 

Barnes — The  Cleveland  Cliffs  company 
is  extending  the  railroad  from  the  North 
Lake  mine  to  the  Barnes,  at  Dexter. 


Missoula  County 

Iron  Mountain — Plans  are  being  made 
for  a  250-ton  mill. 


Montana 

Butte  District 
Butte  &  Superior — Three  hundred  and 
fifty  tons  are  being  shipped  daily  to  the 
Basin  Reduction  Company,  the  ore  aver- 
aging over  25  per  cent,  zinc,  and  the  con- 
centrates over  50  per  cent.  The  company 
is  employing  190  men.  The  new  machine 
and  blacksmith  building  is  about  com- 
pleted. 

Fergus  County 
Cumberland — Four  cleanups  have  net- 
ted over  S50,000.  Six  leaching  tanks  are 
being  added  to  the  four  already  in  use 
and  when  installed  the  mill  will  have  a 
daily  capacity  of  over  250  tons.  A  new 
orebody  has  recently  been  struck  and  al- 
though already  crosscut  for  30  ft.  the 
foot-wall  has  not  yet  been  encountered. 
Seventy-five  men  are  employed. 

Granite  County 
At  the  Trilby  claim  in  the  Georgetown 
district  leasers  have  recently  cut  an  ore- 
body  a  few  feet  north  of  the  shaft.  The 
Trilby  is  near  the  Hold  Fast  and  Oro  Fino 
claims,  from  both  of  which  shipments  are 
being  made.  The  Southern  Cross  ship- 
ped 17  carloads  of  ore  in  July.  The  Mt. 
Royal  company  is  installing  a  gasolene 
engine  and  compressor. 

Jefferson  County 
Boston  &  Alta — Two   feet  of  shipping 
ore  has  recently  been  encountered  in  the 
west  drift  on  the  600-ft.  level. 

Lfwis  &  Clark  County 
Souvenir — A  special  meeting  of  stock- 
holders of  this  gold  company  will  be 
held  in  Butte  Sept.  12,  to  consider 
whether  the  property  shall  be  sold  or 
the  stock  made  assessable. 


Nevada 

Esmeralba  County 

The  Florence  and  Consolidated  com- 
panies have  filed  their  reports  and  paid 
the  bullion  tax  for  the  quarter  ended 
June  30.  The  Consolidated  paid  S5 1,437 
on  a  net  profit  of  $1,743,631,  while  the 
Florence  paid  on  net  earning  amounting 
to  ,S2(i,448.  The  reported  total  costs  were: 
Consolidated,  S28.39  per  ton;  Florence, 
89.85  per  ton. 

/7orf'/!ce— The  last  week  has  more  than 
fulfilled  the  expectations  of  Manager 
Lawrence,  in  the  development  of  the 
Reilly-lease  stope.  A  series  of  raises 
from  the  250-ft.  level  has  exposed  a 
large  tonnage  of  milling  ore  which  can  be 
easily  and  cheaply  extracted  by  the 
"glory  hole"  method. 

Goldfield  Consolidated — The  depart- 
ment of  inspection,  recently  organized,  is 
making  rapid  progress  in  installing  fire 
lines  from  the  storage  tank  on  Columbia 
mountain.  The  entire  property  will  be 
amply  protected. 

Yellow  Tiger~K  quartz  vein  in  the 
contact  zone  between  the  dacite  and  latite 
in  the  long  crosscut  from  the  station  at 
700  ft.  is  the  most  promising  formation 
ever  encountered  on  Tiger  ground.  Fur- 
ther developments  are  anxiously  awaited. 

PAoen/jr— This  property  at  Rawhide  Is 
producing  steadily;  the  output  is  to  bs 
materially  increased  with  the  installation 
of  a  compressor  and  air  drills. 

Tonopah  Liberty — More  than  2,50  tons 
of  machinery  is  being  hauled  from  Mill- 
ers   to    the    site    of    the    company    mill. 

Humboldt  County 

There  has  been  much  development  at 
Barrett  Springs,  eight  miles  west  of  Win- 
ncmucca.  One  shaft  is  down  84  ft. 
Many  claims  are  being  taken  and  other 
work  is  being  done. 

Gold  Note  Consolidated~Pa\t]  Klop- 
stock  is  putting  more  men  to  work  on 
the  properties  at  Kennedy,  65  miles  south 
of  Winnemucca,  and  repairing  the  20- 
stamp  mill. 

Nye  County 
Tonopah  lixtension — A  long  crosscut 
on  the  .500- ft.  level  has  been  started  to 
tap  the  orebody  known  to  exist  between 
the  400-  and  500- ft.  levels.  The  "cap" 
rock  extends  down  to  within  a  compara- 
tively short  distance  of  the  400,  and 
while  the  ore  is  not  nearly  gone,  the 
present  work  will  provide  stoping  ground 
for  the   future. 

Montana-Tonopah — Bullion  shipment 
for  first  half  of  August  included  24  bars 
weighing    1800   pounds. 

Tonopah-Belmont~A    fault    has    been 


478 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


encountered  in  the  extreme  east  face  of 
the  drift,  which  has  been  following  the 
Belmont  vein  continuously  for  700  ft. 
Whether  the  extension  of  the  orebody  is 
immediately  found  or  not,  the  situation 
is  entirely  satisfactory  to  the  manage- 
ment. 

Tonopah — A  station  is  being  cut  at  434 
ft.  in  the  new  Sand  Grass  shaft.  This 
corresponds  to  the  sixth  level  of  the  Red 
Plume  and  Mizpah  workings.  Extensive 
lateral  work  will  not  begin  before  reach- 
ing considerable  additional  depth. 

Hayseed — This  lease  in  the  Lee-Echo 
district,  near  Rhyolite,  is  being  operated 
at  a  good  profit  in  spite  of  a  4-mile  wagon 
haul  to  the  mill.  The  property  and  neigh- 
boring territory  have  never  been  devel- 
oped extensively. 

White  Pine  County 

Giroux — Two  of  the  five  compartments 
of  the  new  shaft  were  recently  sunk  from 
the  1200-ft.  level  to  the  1280-ft.  level, 
where  it  was  found  necessary  to  discon- 
tinue sinking  on  account  of  the  inflow  of 
water.  The  other  three  compartments  of 
the  shaft  have  since  been  raised  to  the 
1200-ft.  level,  and  a  pocket  is  now  being 
put  in  to  receive  the  muck  from  the 
crosscut  now  being  started  to  connect 
with  the  lower  workings  of  the  Alpha 
shaft,  750  ft.  distant.  Foundations  for 
the  hoisting  plant  are  going  in.  The 
dome  of  the  pumping  station  at  the  1200- 
ft.  level  of  the  shaft  is  being  lined  with 
concrete,  and  as  soon  as  this  work  is  fin- 
ished the  pumps  will  be  put  in. 

Nevada-British — A  22-ton  mill,  to  treat 
the  ore  now  being  extracted  from  the 
company  property  under  lease  to  the 
Glasgow  &  Western  Exploration  Com- 
pany, is  being  built  at  Cherry  creek.  The 
latter  company  is  making  good  progress 
ill  the  construction  of  the  plant  and  ex- 
pects to  have  it  in  readiness  to  treat  ore 
by  the  latter  part  of  October.  The  mine 
is  worked  by  the  800- ft.  shaft  of  the  Star 
mine  of  the  Scotch  company. 

Nevada  Consolidated — \  temporary  in- 
junction has  been  granted  in  the  Maine 
courts  restraining  the  compmy  from  tak- 
ing over  the  Cumberland-Ely  property. 


1913.  Everything  considered,  the  acqui- 
sition of  the  Tulloch  group,  with  its  mill- 
site,  has  added  an  immense  value  to  the 
mineral  holdings  of  the  company.  We 
have  now  approximately  2500  acres  un- 
der option." 


Pennsylvania 

Anthracite  Coal 

West  Bear  Ridge  Colliery — A  fire  broke 
out  in  this  colliery  at  Mahanoy  Plane  on 
Aug.  24.  The  extent  of  the  fire  is  not 
yet  fully  ascertained.  The  colliery  be- 
longs to  the  Reading  company  and  em- 
ployed 500  men. 

Lehigh  Valley — This  company  has  be- 
gun work  on  a  large  collecting  and  dis- 
tributing yard  at  Hazel  Creek  Junction, 
two  miles  above  Weatherly.  The  yard 
will  have  42  miles  of  tracks,  and  all  the 
coal  from  the  Hazleton  and  Mahanoy 
divisions  will  be  handled  there.  A  new 
cut-off  line  is  to  be  built  from  this  yard 
to  the  main  line  at  Drifton,  to  avoid  the 
heavy  grades  around  Penn  Haven. 


New  Mexico 

Mangos — An  official  statement  says; 
"Rather  than  risk  a  reorganization,  we 
concluded  to  temporarily  close  down  our 
drilling  operations  and,  if  possible,  secure 
extensions  of  time  for  payments.  In  this 
we  have  been  successful.  All  important 
contracts  have  been  extended  for  one 
year  from  October  and  Noveinber,  except 
one,  and  in  this  case  we  have  favorable 
promise.  In  June  we  secured  an  option 
on  1500  acres,  known  as  the  Tulloch 
group.  The  purchase  price  is  to  be  S350,- 
000,  First  payment  of  S87,500  to  be  made 
on  Nov.  24,  1911;  balance  in  equal  pay- 
ments on  Nov.  24.  1912,  and  on  Nov.  24, 


South  Dakota 

Mainstay — The  mill  of  this  company 
and  other  mining  properties  at  Keystone 
are  under  option  and  are  being  examined. 

Texas 

£/  Paso  Tin  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany— This  company  expects  to  put  its 
concentrating  mill  and  smelting  works  in 
operation  during  September.  The  mill 
will  employ  a  dry  process.  The  mines 
are  at  Camp  Florella,  on  the  east  side  of 
Mt.  Franklin,  near  El  Paso. 


Utah 
Box  Elder  County 
Silver  Island  Coalition — Work  is  being 
pushed  on  the  new  tunnel,  which  will  tap 
the  vein  near  the  850-ft.  point.  The  com- 
pressor and  drills  are  being  used.  During 
two  years  247  tons  of  ore  have  been 
produced,  which  gave  net  returns  of 
$21,485.  This  ore  came  from  shallow  sur- 
face workings.  The  property  is  16  miles 
from  Wendover  on  the  new  line  of  the 
Western  Pacific. 

Juab  County 

Suit  was  filed  in  Provo  by  the  Beck 
Tunnel  Mining  Company,  charging  the 
Uncle  Sam  Mining  Company'  with  the 
illegal  extraction  of  ore,  and  asking  for 
an  injunction.  The  ore  is  alleged  to  have 
been  extracted  from  the  Cyrus  Oliver 
claim  of  the  Beck  Tunnel  group,  which 
adjoins  the  famous  Humbug  claim.  It 
is  charged  that  2000  tons  of  ore  have 
been  mined,  and  that  it  averaged  ,S50  per 
ton,  or  a  total  nf  SIOO.OOO.  The  suit  is 
brought  for  .S300,00(),  or  three  times  the 
value  of  the  ore.  A  temporary  injunc- 
tion has  been  granted.  The  ore  in  dis- 
pute occurred  higher  up  the  hill  than  the 


original  Beck  Tunnel  orebodies.  It  is  un- 
derstood to  involve  a  question  of  apex. 

Colorado — Ore  has  been  cut  50  ft.  be- 
low the  300  level,  and  has  been  drifted 
in  15  ft.  The  discovery  is  350  ft.  from 
the  Sioux  Consolidated  lines.  On  the 
500-ft.  level  the  drift  east  of  the  shaft 
is    in   promising    ground. 

Chief  Consolidated — Smeltery  returns, 
after  paying  freight  and  treatment,  inclu- 
sive, are  given  as  S4479.  These  ship- 
ments amounted  to  255  tons,  making  an 
average  value  of  S17.56  a  ton.  The  ship- 
ments bring  the  total  receipts  up  to  S98,- 
790,  which  approximately  balances  the 
development  and  mining  costs.  The  ore 
mined  thus  far  has  come  mainly  from  de- 
velopment on  the  1400-  and  1600-ft.  lev- 
els. Work  is  being  done  in  Eureka  City 
ground.  The  net  smeltery  returns  for 
June  were  $22,900.  J 

Crown  Point — Bids  are  being  received 
for  the  sinking  of  a  new  shaft.  John 
Roundy,  formerly  in  charge  of  the  Col- 
orado and  Iron  Blossom,  is  superintend- 
ent. 

Sioux  Consolidated — Shipments  are  be- 
ing maintained  at  the  usual  rate  and  the 
grade  of  ore  has  improved  over  that  ship- 
ped several  weeks  ago.  Mine  conditions 
are  said  to  be  satisfactory. 

Victoria — The  shaft  is  being  sunk  to 
the  1100-ft.  level  to  make  connections 
with  levels  on  which  ore  has  been  blocked 
out.  These  connections  should  be  made 
by  November,  and  will  allow  more  econ- 
omical mining.  The  present  work  is  not 
interfering  with  production. 

Crown  Point — A  contract  for  sinking 
the  new  shaft  100  ft.  has  been  given. 
The  location  is  1000  ft.  from  the  old 
shaft. 

Centennial-Eureka — The  new  centrifu- 
gal pumps  which  have  been  installed  on 
the  2200- ft.  level  are  being  tried  out  and 
adjusted.  Connections  have  been  made 
with  the  orebody  recently  opened  by  the 
Opex  in  United  States  ground,  and  ship- 
ments are  being  made. 

Iron  Blossom — The  No.  1  shaft  is  1760 
ft.  deep,  and  sinking  is  being  continued. 
About  80  tons  of  ore  daily  is  mined  from 
the  500-ft.  level,  where  a  body  of  gold 
ore  was  opened  some  time  ago.  The  gold 
ore  forms  a  part  of  the  shipments.  Ore 
has  been  opened  on  the  400-  and  tiOO-ft.  ' 
levels,  and  a  strike  has  been  reported  re- 
cently on  the  1100. 

Tintic  Standard — A  diamond  drill  has 
been  installed  on  the  1000-ft.  level,  and 
10  ft.  per  shift  is  being  made  in  drilling. 
The  ground  southeast  of  the  shaft  will 
be   prospected. 

Gold  Chain— The  ore  on  the  300-ft. 
level  is  being  further  developed.  Some 
stoping  has  been  done.  Drifting  is  under 
way  to  catch  this  ore  on  the  400.  It  has 
been  proposed  to  connect  the  Gold  Chain 
and  Opohongo  workings,  to  allow  the  lat- 


September  3,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


479 


ter   to    send    ore    out    through    the    Gold 
Chain  shaft. 

Grand  Central — The  mine  is  reported 
to  be  in  a  condition  to  double  the  output 
at  any  time.  On  the  2000- ft.  level,  gold 
ore  10  to  20  ft.  in  thickness  has  been  de- 
veloped. Drifting  on  the  1800  level  to- 
ward the  east  is  in  progress  to  look  for 
the  ore  opened  on  the  2000.  Four  feet  of 
ore  carrying  hornsilver  has  been  cut  on 
the  800  level. 

Piute  County 
Bully  Boy — A  lease  has  been  taken  on 
this  and  the  Webster  property.  The  2300- 
ft.  tunnel  is  being  cleaned  out  and  re- 
paired. It  is  the  intention  to  drive  this 
some  distance  ahead  to  cut  veins  from 
which  shipments  of  gold  ore  were  made 
a'  higher  levels. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Ohio  Copper — General  Manager  Colin 
Mcintosh  has  returned  from  Europe.  The 
mill  will  be  finished  shortly.  It  is  prac- 
tically ready  for  the  crushers  and  tables 
in  the  second  half,  other  parts  of  the 
equipment  having  been  installed  during 
the  past  few  months.  The  half  now  in 
operation  is  treating  more  than  its  de- 
signed tonnage,  and  is  reported  to  be 
making  a  saving  of  from  60  per  cent,  to 
70  per  cent. 

Utah  Leasing  Company — An  order  has 
been  placed  with  the  Allis-Chalmers 
Company  for  a  50-ton  cyanide  plant,  to 
be  installed  within  two  months  at  the 
old  Telegraph  mine  in  Upper  Bingham. 
The  company  holds  a  long-time  lease  on 
the  Telegraph,  which  is  owned  by  the 
United  States  Smelting  Company.  The 
lease  has  been  worked  several  years  and 
has  snipped  highly  silicious  gold  and  sil- 
ver ores  to  the  Yampa  and  to  the  Valley 
smelters.  This  material  was  used  for  con- 
verting lining.  Experiments  to  determine 
a  method  of  treatment  for  the  ore  have 
been  made  by  T.  P.  Holt,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Utah.  It  is  the  intention  to  sMnie 
the  ore,  and  after  agitation  with  cyanide 
to  filter  the  product  through  an  Oliver 
filter.  The  ore  carries  ."^O  to  S8  per  ton 
in  gold  and  silver,  and  a  saving  of  80  per 
cent,  is  expected.  J.  C.  Dick  is  president 
and  general  manager. 

Utah  Metal — The  tunnel  is  in  about 
3500  ft.  A  zone  of  fractured  quartzite 
has  been  encotintered  which  breaks  much 
better  than  heretofore.  Timbering  has 
been  necessary  in  this  fractured  zone. 

Bonnie  Briar — A  bond  and  lease  has 
been  taken  on  this  property  in  Big  Cot- 
tonwood by  W.  M.  Wagstatf  and  G.  S. 
Hayes. 

Carbonate — Shipments  of  silver-lead 
ore  have  been  started.  The  ore  is  being 
hauled  by  teams  to  the  sampler  at 
Murray. 

South  Columbus — It  is  proposed  to 
merge  this  company  with  the  Alta-Hecla 
under  the  name  of  the  South  Hecia,  with 


a  capitalization  of  500,000  shares.  Under 
this  plan  the  shareholders  of  each  of  the 
present  companies  will  receive  100,000 
shares,  the  balance  to  be  held  in  the 
treasury  for  development.  The  matter 
will  be  acted  on  Sept.  5.  The  two  prop- 
erties adjoin  and  comprise  a  territory  of 
approximately  550  acres. 

Summit  County 

Daly- West — The  ore  cut  Aug.  18  on 
the  1900-ft.  level  is  reported  good  milling 
grade,  but  little  is  as  yet  known  of  its 
extent.  Work  has  been  started  on  the 
2100  or  main-tunnel  level  toward  this 
point.  The  last  quarterly  report  showed 
total  receipts  of  $226,513,  expen- 
ditures, S213,971,  leaving  $166,380  on 
hand  June  30.  The  earnings  during  the 
quarter  exceeded  dividends  by  $12,542. 
The  results  of  development  during  the 
quarter  were  not  altogether  favorable, 
the  value  of  the  ore  developed  bein^; 
lower  and  the  amount  less.  Production 
has  been  decreased,  and  an  effort  is  being 
made  to  push  development,  with  the  pos- 
sibility of  erecting  a  new  mill  at  the 
mouth  of  Ontario  drain  tunnel  No.  2,  if 
enough  ore  is  blocked  out  to  warrant  it. 
It  is  thought  an  increased  profit  can  be 
made  by  a  further  treatment  of  the  zinc 
concentrates. 

Utah  County 
Mineral  Flat — The  American  Fork 
Mining  and  Power  Company  has  brought 
suit  against  this  company  for  possession 
of  parts  of  the  Waterfall,  Last  Chance 
and  Last  Chance  Nos.  1  and  2  claims  in 
American  Fork  carton.  It  is  alleged  the 
defendant  company  has  included  these 
claims  in  surveys  for  patent. 

Mineral  Flat  Extension — Recent  devel- 
opment shows  the  vein  to  be  getting 
larger.  Eight  feet  of  ore,  carrying  gold, 
silver  and  copper,  have  been  opened  in 
the  tunnel. 


Canada 

Alberta 

The  occurrences  of  much  asphalt  along 
the  Athabasca  river  has  been  reported  by 
an  exploring  party  lately  returned  from 
Peace  River  district.  In  the  vicinity  of 
Fort  McMurray  especially,  there  are  large 
quantities,  and  it  is  being  used  locally 
in  its  raw  condition  to  cover  roofs  of  log 
houses.  Two  big  deposits  of  salt  have 
also  been  found  near  Fort  McMurray 
in  oil  boring. 

Great  Granite  An  80-h.p.  boiler,  half 
of  a  Canadian-Rand  15-drill  compressor, 
two  3,'4-in.  machine  drills,  a  7x10  Lidger- 
wood  hoist  and  other  machinery  have 
been  put  In  at  this  company's  Lucky  Jim 
mine  on  Valdes  island.  An  incline  shaft 
is  down  100  ft.  and  drifting  both  ways  in 
an  8- ft.  ore  shoot  is  in  progress.  George 
n.  Mumford.  Vancouver,  is  managing  di- 
rector. 


British   Columbia 

A  new  standard-gage  railroad  is  being 
built  by  the  McKenzie-Mann  interests  to 
the  properties  on  Bitter  creek,  Bear  river 
and  to  the  Nass  country.  H.  E.  Knobel, 
of  Stewart,  has  charge. 

Marble  Bay — After  much  bornite  ore 
has  been  mined  on  the  lOtiO-ft.  level,  a 
winze  has  been  sunk  on  the  I160-ft.,  and 
crosscutting  to  the  orebody  is  in  progress. 
The  ore  contains  silver  as  well  as  cop- 
per. The  mine  is  on  Texada  island  and 
is  owned  by  the  Tacoma  Steel  Company. 
Alexander  Grant,  Van  Anda,  is  manager. 

Lucky  Jim — No.  5  adit,  80  ft.  lower 
than  No.  4,  has  intersected  two  important 
zinc  orebodies.  The  first  was  cut  at  380 
ft.  and  shows  about  20  ft.  of  zinc  ore  of 
shipping  grade;  the  second  was  entered 
at  between  800  and  900  ft.  from  portal 
and  is  90  ft.  in  width — 6  ft.  of  lead  and 
the  remainder  zinc.  This  orebody  has  in- 
creased in  width  50  ft.  in  a  vertical  depth 
of  240  ft.  Driving  of  No.  6  adit  has  been 
commenced  at  railway  level,  about  450  ft. 
below  No.  5.  The  mine  is  near  Bear 
Lake,  Sloean.  A.  J.  Becker  is  superin- 
tendent. 

Princeton  Cement — This  company  has 
been  organized  to  manufacture  Portland 
cement  near  Princeton,  Similkameen. 
Connection  with  Great  Northern  railway 
by  an  8000-ft.  spur  will  give  transporta- 
tion  facilities. 

Blue  Bell — Operations  at  this  zinc 
property  will  bs  resumed  under  the  direc- 
tion of  S.  S.  rowler. 

Rambler -Cariboo — Operations  will  be 
resumeo  at  'his  mine,  which  has  been 
closed  c-.vipg  to  loss  of  the  equipment 
by  fire. 

Red  Cliff — Machinery  is  being  installed 
on  this  property  in  the  Stewart  district. 
E.  E.  Smith  is  manager. 

Jewel — The  equipment  of  the  new  15- 
stamp  mill  has  been  completed.  When 
the  electric  transmission  line,  recently 
damaged  by  forest  fires,  is  repaired, 
quartz  crushing  will  be  commenced.  A 
Nichols  slimes-saving  plant  has  been  in- 
stalled. R.  Roberts,  Greenwood,  is  man- 
ager. 

Canadian  Mc/a/— Announcement  has 
been  made  of  early  resumption  at  this 
cornpany's  Blue  Bell  mine  at  Kootenay 
lal^e.  The  capacity  of  the  mill  is  to  be  in- 
creased. S.  S.  Fowler,  Riondel,  is  gen- 
eral manager. 

Fi7V— Wr-king  force,  now  24  men,  is 
to  be  augmented  and  power  plant  en- 
larged. The  winze  from  the  main  adit  is 
235  ft.  deep.  A  station  is  being  opened 
preparatory  to  drifting  both  ways  in  the 
orebody.  Ore  is  copper-gold  of  fair  grade. 
Charles  Dempster,  Rossland,  is  manager. 

Pacific  Coast  Coa/— Daily  output  is  be- 
tween 800  and  900  tons.  Demand  for 
coal  is  brisk  and  market  for  larger  pro- 
duction is  assured. 


480 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


Ontario 

Shipments  of  ore  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  Aug.  19  were:  Buffalo, 
63,370  lb.;  Chambers- Ferland,  60,500; 
Cobalt  Townsite,  55,980;  Coniagas,  12u,- 
570;  Crown  Reserve.  84.000;  Kerr  Lake, 
300,105;  La  Rose,  203,000;  McKinley- 
Darr.-igh,  52,300;  Nipissing,  255,760; 
O'Brien,  64,060;  Trethe  A'ey,  42,970. 
Total,  1,302,615  pounds. 

Mackenzie  &  Mann,  oi  Toronto,  have 
closed  options  on  iron  ore  claims  at 
Grand  Rapids  on  the  Metagami  river  cov- 
ering 4400  acres,  including  practically 
all  the  ore  so  far  exposed  on  that  field. 
They  will  at  once  put  five  diamond  drills 
to  work  on  the  property. 

Cartwright — On  this  property  at  Pearl 
Lake,  Porcupine  district,  a  20-ft.  vein  of 
quartz  carrying  free  gold  on  the  surface 
has  been  uncovered  and  traced  for  900 
feet. 

Ophir — This  gold  mine  in  the  Kenora 
district,  closed  for  some  years  on  ac- 
count of  litigation,  is  to  be  developed.  A 
contract  for  the  sinking  of  a  shaft  on  the 
vein  has  been  let. 

Lawrentian — This  mine  in  the  Manitou 
Lake  gold  area  will  be  reooened  by  the 
Merger  Mining  Company,  oi  which  J.  S. 
Corliss  is  president  and  F  R.  Warner, 
general  manager. 

Oiisse — This  Elk  Lake  company,  which 
suspended  operations  a  month  ago,  has 
been  empowered  by  the  shareholders  to 
increase  its  capital  from  $2,000,000  to 
52,500,000  to  carry  on  development. 

Morrison — The  option  given  to  an  Eng- 
lish company  on  this  Miller  Lake  prop- 
erty has  been  lapsed.  Active  develop- 
ment is  going  on.  Good  ore  carrying 
native  silver  has  been  found  in  a  test 
pit  1000  ft.  from  the  discovery.  Native 
bismuth   has  also  been  encountered. 

Beaver — A  new  stringer  of  high-grade 
ore  about  3  in.  wide,  assaying  2500  oz. 
to  the  ton,  has  been  found  at  the  200-ft. 
level.  Both  the  main  shaft  and  winze 
are  now  down  to  300  ft.  The  property  is 
in  Cobalt  camp. 

Redeemer — This  Eagle  Lake  gold  mine 
is  being  reopened,  with  Frank  R.  Roberts, 
an  Arizona  mining  engineer,  in  charge  of 
operations.  After  the  mine  has  been  un- 
watered  development  will  be  undertaken 
by  drifting  and  crosscutting  from  the  foot 
of  the  shaft  and  the  mill  started. 

Timmins — It  is  stated  that  two  tons  of 
ore  run  through  the  small  stamp  mill  at 
Porcupine  now  in  operation  produced  35 
oz.  of  gold  valued  »t  S700. 

Quebec 

A  deposit  of  titaniferous  iron  ore  has 
been  discovered  near  d'Jury  station,  80 
miles  nortih  of  Montreal.  Little  work  has 
been  done  so  far,  but  all  indications  point 
tb  the  existence  of  an  iron  range  of  con- 
siderable dimensions,  Analyses  gave  from 
25  to  40  per  cent,  titanic  acid,  and   from 


35  to  43  per  cent,  metallic  iron.     The  de- 
posit is  one  mile  from  the  railroad. 

Amherst  Graphite  Mines — The  com- 
pressor plant  at  these  mines,  owned  by 
Graphite,  Ltd.,  of  Montreal,  is  complete. 
Recent  surface  work  shows  that  the  de- 
posit is  wider  than  originally  supposed, 
its  total  width  so  far  opened  is  from  12 
to  25  ft.  It  still  continues  under  the 
heavy  drift.  A  shaft  is  being  sunk  now 
from  50  to  100  ft.  The  graphite  occurs 
in  flake  form  in  lenticular  deposits,  some- 
times disseminated,  sometimes  in  pure 
flake  accumulations. 

Gilbert  River  Gold  Alluvions — Progress 
is  being  made  with  the  drilling  opera- 
tions in  the  Gilbert  river,  county  of 
Beauce.  A  Keystone  power  drill  and  4 
Empire  drills  are  in  commission  on  the 
lower  (St.  Charles)  and  upper  (DeLeryl 
river  bed,  the  depth  on  the  former  rang- 
ing from  7  to  12  ft.  and  on  the  latter 
"■rem  40  to  45  ft.  The  gold  channel  on 
the  Ruisseau  des  Meules  is  found  to  be 
from  80  to  120  ft.  wide  and  at  least  1000 
ft.  long.  The  installation  of  a  hydraulic 
elevator  on  this  location  is  being  con- 
sidered. 

Frontenac  Asbestos — This  company  is 
prospecting  work  on  the  western  part  of 
its  property  with  a  Calyx  shot  drill.  It  is 
reported  that  good  ground  was  en- 
countered toward  the  Ling  mine. 

B.  &  A. — This  asbestos  company,  op- 
erating on  lot  9,  Thetford,  2  miles  from 
Robertson,  has  recently  completed  a  2- 
cyclone  mill.  Three  more  cyclones  of 
the  Pharo  type  are  being  installed. 

Bell — This  asbestos  company  has  a 
big  milling  plant  under  construction, 
which  will  likely  be  finished  in  the  fall. 

Amalgamated  Asbestos  Corporation — 
All  the  properties  of  this  company  are 
worked  to  their  full  extent.  Most  of  the 
cyclones  of  the  older  type  in  the  mills 
have  been  replaced  by  the  Pharo  cyclone, 
a  recent  invention  which  has  given  good 
satisfaction  in  the  extraction  of  the  fiber 
from  the  rock. 

Yukon  Territory 

Advices  from  Dawson  state  that  esti- 
mates place  this  season's  yield  of  placer 
gold  at  55,000,000,  as  compared  with 
.'?3,000,000  for  1909.  Much  of  this  will 
be  from  ground  previously  worked  by  in- 
dividual miners  using  crude  methods. 
Modern  equipments  and  methods  of  the 
large  operators  result  in  the  recovery  of 
much  gold  not  saved  when  first  roughly 
worked  by   individual  miners. 

Atlas — New  buildings  have  been  erected 
at  the  company's  Pueblo  mine.  White- 
horse  copper  camp,  and  a  compressor  in- 
stalled, preparatory  to  commencing  ship- 
ping 200  tons  daily. 

Yukon  Gold — M.  Robert  Guggenheim, 
of  Seattle,  Wash.,  states  that  the  dredg- 
ing and  other  mining  operations  of  the 
company  in  Yukon  territory  arc  proving 
successful    this    year.      The    ouput    will 


largely  exceed  that  of  last  year,  while 
expectations  for  next  year  are  that  there 
will  be  an  increase  of  50  per  cent,  in 
production,  with  enlarged  plant  and  an 
increased  area  of  ground  being  worked. 
The  estimates  of  the  company's  experts, 
as  to  both  richness  of  ground  and  produc- 
tion of  gold,  have  been  fully  realized  by 
actual  results. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 
Dolores — The  stockholders  are  asked 
to  transfer  their  shares  for  stock  of  the 
Mines  Company  of  America,  through  the 
United  States  Mortgage  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, New  York,  on  a  basis  of  one  SIO 
Mines  company  share  for  each  S5 
Dolores  share,  which   is  on  the  basis  of 

10  for  1  on  the  old  basis  of  Mines  com- 
pany capitalization.    They  have  until  Jan. 

1 1  to  make  the  transfer.  The  Dolores 
company  for  the  quarter  ended  with  June, 
earned  .SI  16,070  net  or  S26,000  above  its 
dividend   requirements. 

Guerrero 

A  railroad  from.  Acapulco  to  Sihuatan- 
ejo  in  Guerrero  is  being  built,  a  distance 
of  120  miles.  Moritz  Thomsen,  of  Spo- 
kane, W.  D.  Hofius  and  R.  R.  Spencer,  of 
Seattle,  are  reported  back  of  the  enter- 
prise. 

Jalisco 

Mexican  Iron  and  Steel  Company — This 
company,  worked  by  Boston  capital,  has 
completed  the  payment  of  300,000  pesos 
to  Daniel  Ochia,  of  Guadalajara,  for  the 
Tula  iron  mines  and  iron  plant.  Exten- 
sive improvements  are  planned  and  large 
operations  expected.  The  iron  deposits 
are  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State 
some  distance  from  a  railroad. 

Boco  Ancha — This  company  at  Ayutla 
will  enlarge  its  mill  and  add  a  cyanide 
plant.  George  E.  Zimmerman  is  secre- 
tary and  J.  L.  Crum  superintendent. 

Botanos — This  mine  in  northern  Jalisco 
has  been  sold  by  F.  W.  Oldfield  to  a  Los 
Angeles  company. 

NuEvo  Leon 

Curz  del  Aire — The  sale  of  this  lead- 
silver  property  at  Lampazos  for  $250,000 
to  French  interests  is  reported.  Exten- 
sive  improvements  will  follow. 


Europe 

Russia 
Minister  of  Commerce   Timashoff  has 
called    a    meeting    of    representatives   of 
the  metallurgical  industry  to  discuss  tem- 
porary free  importation  of  pig  iron  to  re- 
lieve the  iron   famine  and  counteract  the 
excessive   high   prices  of  iron   in   Russia. 
Iron  manufacturers  in  the  St.  Petersburg. 
Moscow  and  Riga  districts  complain  that 
the  iron  producers  in  South  Russia  refuse         , 
to  fill  orders  at  fixed  dates,  giving  as  a         j 
reason  the  desertion  of  their  mines  by  the 
workingmen,    who    are    fleeing    owing   to 


cholera. 


T 


September  3,   1 910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAl 


481 


X^ 


j^ 


THE  MARKETS 


j^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Miner als,  Coal    and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


Coastwise  shipments  of  coal  from  lead- 
ing Atlantic  ports,  six  months  ended  June 
30,   long  tons: 


New  York,  Aug.  31 — The  coal  condi- 
tions in  the  West  are  still  unsettled.  The 
Illinois  miners  have  apparently  settled 
down  for  a  long,  hard  fight.     The  defeat 

II      of   President   Lewis   and   the   success   of 

I  the  turbulent  element  at  the  Indianapolis 
meeting  have  confirmed  them  in  their  res- 
olution to  reject  the  operators'  offer.  It 
seems,  however,  uncertain  whether  they 
can  command  financial  support.  The 
treasury  is  empty,  and  already  miners  in 
other  districts  are  complaining  of  the 
heavy  assessment  levied.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  operators  are  firm  in  their  de- 
cision to  make  no  concession.  They  have 
gone  so  far  as  to  give  bonds  to  be  forfeit- 
ed  if  any  member  makes   terms  outside 

^     the  association. 

■  In  the  Southwest  also  the  strikes  con- 

tinue, with  no  present  prospect  of  settle- 
ment. 

The  situation  is  throwing  a  good  deal 
of  trade  to  Indiana,  Ohio  and  West  Vir- 
ginia mines  which  are  working,  and  in 
these  States  operators  are  doing  well. 
They  are  keeping  their  mines  busy  and 
getting  good  prices.  There  is  beginning 
to  be  complaint  about  car  shortage,  es- 
pecially in  West  Virginia. 

In  the  East  the  coal  trade  is  generally 
steady  and  without  special  incident.  This 
applies  to  both  the  anthracite  and  bitum- 
inous trades. 

Duty  on  Washed  Coal — In  an  appeal 
of  Waterhouse  cS;  Co.  from  the  decision 
of  the  collector  of  customs  at  Seattle,  the 
Board  of  General  Appraisers  has  decided 
that  coal  which,  after  being  mined,  had 
been  washed  in  water  by  the  use  of  ma- 
chinery or  otherwise  prior  to  exportation, 
so  as  to  remove  the  dirt,  duff,  fine  coal 
or  other  impurities  of  like  kind,  is  dutia- 
ble at  4.Sc.  per  ton  under  paragraph  428 
of  the  tariff  act  of  1909,  and  not  at  15c. 
per  ton  as  coal  slack  or  culm,  si'ch  as 
will  pas';  through  a  'j-in.  screen,  as 
claimed  by  the  importers.  The  words 
culm  or  slack  apply  only  to  coal  screened 
and  not  washed  or  otherwise  prepared. 

CoAi.  Tariff  Notes 

Coal  passing  Davis  Island  dams,  on  the 
Ohio  six  months  ended  ,Iunc  30,  was 
2,341,195  short  tons  in  1909,  and  1,377,- 
fi85  in   1910;  decrease,  963.510  tons. 

Coal  passing  through  locks  on  the 
Monongahela  above  Pittsburg,  six  months 
ended  June  .30,  was  4,864,000  short  tons 
in  1909,  and  4,752,680  in  1910;  decrease, 
111,320  tons. 


Total.  PorCt. 
13.213.042  61.5 
;),322,U30  15  5 
l,K74..53a  8.7 
1.473.798  6.0 
1,508,377        7.4 


Anthracite.  BItiini. 

N«wYork....     7,622,377  6.r>i)fl.6r.5 

PhUadolphla     1  ,(mf>,.-)56  2,2*6,68:! 

Hnltlmnrp....         136.207  1,738.331 

N'-wp'l  Nows      1,473,708 

Ncrti.Ik I,,'i08,377 

Total 8,823.040     12.6.57,854    21,4M.704    100.  U 

Total.  1009.     8,087.071     11,385.607    20.372,678     

Total  increase  this  year,  1,109,116 
tons,  or  5,4  per  cent,  Norfolk  includes 
Sewall's  Point;  New  York,  all  the  harbor 
shipping  points. 

Bituminous-coal  and  coke  tonnage  of 
leading  railroads  in  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia,  six  months  ended  June  30, 
short  tons: 


Bituminous. 

Pennftylvania 2  *.21K.i)05 

Bait,  it  Ohio 1  I.M2K,.'i63 

Duff..  Roch.  &  Pitts.  3.."i4.H,322 
Bull.  ,v  SusciU(')rna  r44.617 
Ponn.  llnes.N.  Y.  C.     4.026,004 

Pitts.  &  L.  Erlo 4,047.405 

Pitts.. Shawmut&N.  .-i43.071 
Norfolk  Jt  Western.     8.203,507 

Chcs.  feOhlo 7.747,818 

Vlrelnlan 371,:«7 


Coke. 
7.270,683 
2,260,823 

315,882 

132,016 

27.104 

3.451,860 

11,384 

l,5.'i2,I30 

243,110 


Total. 

27,488,778 

16,008,386 

3,8li4,204 

776,633 
4.054.028 
8,300.274 

5.54.465 
9,845.733 
7,000,028 

371,387 


Tot.ll 

Total.  1008. 


..  r>4, 160,869    15,273.037    70,443.806 
..  52.000.057    11,120,664    63.219.721 

Total  increase  this  year,  16,224,085 
tons,  or  31.1  per  cent.  Virginian  rail- 
way tonnages  are  tidewater  coal  only.  An- 
thracite tonnages  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  are  given  elsewhere. 

Coal  shipments  over  railroads  in  the 
Ohio  Coal  Tnffic  Association,  six  months 
ended  June  30.  short  tons: 


Hock  In  K  Vnllov 

Toloilo  &HhloCeut.. 
Haltlnioro  k  Ohio  ... 
Wheeling  &  h.  Erie 
Clove..  Lorain  &  Wh. 
Zanosvlllp  &  Western 
ToIcMlo  Dlv..  Pen.  Co. 
L.Erle.AUlance&Wli. 
Marietta,  Col.  k  Clev. 
Wabash-Pltts.  Term. 


Total 6.714.10:)    9,803.654    1.3.170.5.51 

Total  increase  this  year  47.4  per  cent. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  tonnage  is  of  Ohio  lines 
only;  main-line  tonnage  is  given  else- 
where. 


1000. 

1010, 

Changes. 

1.278.:)85 

2.0.58,701 

780.406 

540.004 

020.610 

.370,665 

6112.008 

1.1,53.510 

651.412 

l.:t0.5.246 

1,813,1.57 

417  Oil 

1.0.54.152 

1,614,7.57 

660.605 

503.122 

500.311 

06,189 

8:17.617 

1,110.118 

272  501 

4.58.018 

645.471 

86,653 

:)5 ,174 

50,817 

15,:)4:i 

8,007 

27.073 

18,976 

Newr  York 
Anthracite 

Aug.  31 — Trade  is  showing  some  im- 
provement locally,  as  the  season  for  put- 
ting in  winter  stocks  comes  on.  There 
is  also  some  improvement  in  the  demand 
for  steam  sizes. 

Tomorrow — Sept.  1 — The  summer  dis- 
counts are  ended.  Schedule  prices  for 
large  sizes  from  that  date  will  be  S4.7r- 
fi^r  broken  and  $5  for  epg,  stove  and 
clipstnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
$2.95,''/ 3.25;      buckwheat,      S2.15r(/2.50; 


No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  S1.65iV/2;  bar- 
ley, SI.35iV(  1.50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.    New   York   harbor. 
Bituminous 

Trade  continues  rather  dull  for  the 
most  part.  New  York  harbor  trade  is 
slow,  especially  for  the  better  grades  of 
coal.  There  is  some  demand  for  gas 
slack,  which  has  been  rather  scarce.  All- 
rail  trade  is  reported  in  a  better  condi-ion 
than  seaboard'  business. 

Steam  coals  can  be  bought  at  $2.40<<i' 
2.80,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor,  according 
to  quality.  The  mines  are  generally  ac- 
tive, as  the  strikes  in  the  West  are  still 
making  a  demand  on  mines  which  usu- 
ally ship  to  tidewater. 

Transportation  is  inclined  to  be  slow. 
Some  complaints  are  heard  of  a  short 
supply  of  cars,  but  there  are  enough  to 
be  had  on  most  roads.  The  supplies  at 
tidewater  are   not  excessive. 

In  the  coastwise  trade  vessels  are  still 
plenty  and  rates  remain  low.  Large 
boats  from  Philadelphia  get  70c.  to  Bos- 
ton, Salem  and  Portland.  From  New 
York  small  vessels  are  to  be  had  at  SOdi 
55c.  to  points  beyond  Cape  Cod. 

Birmingham 

Aug.  29 — With  the  exception  of  those 
mines  which  sell  exculsively  to  the  rail- 
roads in  the  district,  there  is  steady  op- 
eration at  collieries  throughout  Alabama. 
Railroads  in  the  Southeast  and  South- 
west have  placed  good  orders  for  coal 
with  the  operators  in  this  section,  while 
shipping  interests  at  New  Orleans,  Mobile 
and  Pensacola  are  looking  to  this  district 
for  coal  in  quantity.  During  the  past 
week  one  of  the  larger  commercial  coaL 
companies  had  a  rush  order  for  5000  tons 
of  coal  to  fill,  a  ship  sailing  for  Spain 
requiring  hasty  shipments  of  fuel.  The 
home  consumption  of  coal  is  steady. 
There  are  orders  on  hand  that  will  re- 
quire a  full  operation  at  the  greater 
number  of  mines  in  the  State.  Mines 
supplying  the  railroads  in  home  territory 
are  not  running  on  full  time,  but  it  is 
expected  that  some  of  the  mines  will 
have  to  help  out  the  other  collieries 
shortly. 

The  demand  for  coke  is  strong  and  the 
make  is  larger  right  now  than  it  has  been 
for  some  time. 


Chicago 
Aug.  29— With  the  hope  of  large  sup- 
plies soon  from  the  Illinois  mines  gone, 
through  the  action  of  the  Indianapolis 
convention,  prices  have  risen  and  proba- 
bly  will  continue   to   rise   in   the  coming 


482 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


week,  on  the  Indiana  coals,  which  supply 
most  of  the  steam  makers  in  this  terri- 
tory. All  coals,  indeed,  are  very  firm, 
smokeless  being  especially  so  in  view  of 
the  advance  in  prices  to  take  effect  Sept. 
1.  The  big  consumers  and  some  retailers 
are  becoming  alarmed  over  the  situntion 
and  are  seeking  to  cover  their  needs  and 
to  accumulate  storage  piles  before  cold 
weather  shall  set  in.  Retail  demands  are 
also  becoming  strong  from  city  and  coun- 
try dealers.  The  hope  of  nearly  every 
consumer  of  a  large  amount  of  bitumin- 
ous coal  seems  to  be  to  buy  at  August 
prices,  which  naturally  makes  an  active 
market,  quite  different  from  normal  sum- 
mer sluggishness. 

Lump  from  Indiana  brings  now  S2.40 
(</2.75,  in  car  lots;  run-of-mine,  $2. 25ft' 
2.40,  and  screenings,  S2.l'5fii  2.30.  The 
passing  of  the  summer  is  evident  in  the 
increased  demand  for  lump  and  run-of- 
mine,  though  screenings  are  and  will  con- 
tinue to  be  very  largely  in  demand. 
Smokeless,  when  sold  at  August  prices, 
brings  S3.55  for  lump  and  $3.15  for  run- 
of-mine,  circular  quotations,  but  there  is 
hardly  any  on  the  market  at  those  prices 
and  September  will  see  an  advance  of 
15c.  Hocking  and  other  coals  from  east 
of  Indiana  are  very  firm  and  are  sharing 
in  the  general  demand.  It  is  perhaps  need- 
less to  say  that  no  coal  is  now  sold  at  a 
cut  price  to  avoid  demurrage  charges. 


Cleveland 

Aug.  29 — Locally  prices  are  firm,  but 
this  is  chiefly  on  account  of  light  receipts. 
Slack  is  scarce,  owing  to  the  falling  off  in 
the  lake  trade. 

Middle  district  coal  is  quoted  .S2.15  for 
1'4-in.,  81.90  for  Vi-in.  and  $1.80  for 
run-of-mine.  No.  8  and  Cambridge  dis- 
tricts, 5c.  to  15c.  higher,  all  f.o.b.  Cleve- 
land delivery.  Slack  is  nominally  $1.55 
0i\.65,  but  premiums  of  10  to  20c.  have 
been  paid  for  special  lots.  Pocahontas  is 
.$3.10  for  lump  and  $2.45  for  run-of-mine. 

Indianapolis 

Aug.  29 — The  most  important  develop- 
ment in  the  coal  business  during  the 
week  was  the  certifying  of  a  large  and 
wealthy  coal  mining  company  of  llinois  to 
do  business  in  Indiana.  Other  corpora- 
tions are  said  to  have  sent  their  agents 
to  look  over  the  Indiana  field.  Large  coal 
consumers  are  buying  thousands  of  tons 
of  Indiana  coal,  both  for  early  and  later 
delivery.  The  mines  are  working  full 
capacity  and  there  is  little  or  no  labor 
trouble.  An  advance  in  the  price  of  coal 
is  anticipated  the  first  week  in  September. 
The  conditions  in  Indiana  are  very  grati- 
fying to  the  operators. 


creasing  tendency  noted  for  the  past  two 
or  three  weeks.  Prices  are  well  held  at 
the  reduced  level  quoted  last  week:  Mine- 
run  and  nut,  $1.15r</ 1.20;  J^-in.,  $1.30; 
domestic,  r4-in.  lump,  SI. 45  ft  1.50; 
slack,  70r((80c.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke — The  market  Is 
moving  along  without  much  incident, 
prompt  furnace  coke  being  steady  at  the 
5c.  reduction  notid  a  week  ago,  while 
prompt  foundry  coke  is  also  quotable 
about  5c.  lower  than  formerly.  We  note 
a  sale  of  2000  tons  of  furnace  coke  for 
September  at  SI. 60  and  125  cars,  four 
cars  daily,  at  $1.65.  Nothing  is  being 
done  on  contract.  We  quote  standard 
grades  of  Connellsville  coke  per  net  ton: 
Prompt  furnace,  $1.60ff(  1.65;  contract 
(nominal),  SI.75i'((  1.85;  prompt  foundry, 
$2.10r,/2.25;  contract,  S2.25@2.50,  all  at 
ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  production  in  the 
Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville  re- 
gion in  the  week  ended  Aug.  20  at  365,- 
724  tons,  a  decrease  of  1500  tons,  and 
shipments  of  3918  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5546 
cars  to  points  west  and  884  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  10,348  cars,  an  increase 
of  300  cars. 


Pittsburg 
Aug.  30 — Local  demand   for  coal  con- 
tinues   quiet    and    Lake    shipments,    al- 
though  heavy,  continue  to  show  the  de- 


St.   Louis 

Aug.  29 — The  coal  market  for  the  past 
week  has  been  advancing  steadily  and 
ccal  has  been  going  up  at  the  rate  of 
about  5c.  per  ton  daily.  The  buying  has 
been  confined  almost  entirely  to  the  roal- 
roads  and  large  manufacturing  interests. 
Dealers  have  been  trying  to  buy  but  have 
been  unable  to  locate  any  domestic  coal. 
Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  railroads  are 
taking  practically  all  the  coal  that  is  pro- 
duced and  paying  almost  any  price  that 
is  being  asked,  operators  do  not  care  to 
cater  to  domestic  trade.  This  is  leaving 
the  dealers  in  a  bad  fi.\.  If  they  are  hav- 
ing trouble  in  making  purchases  now 
what  can  they  expect  in  another  three  or 
four  weeks  when  the  fall  rush  is  on  in 
earnest? 

The  fall  trade  is  opening  up  with  prices 
about  75c.  per  ton  higher  than  the  usual 
opening. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  Arkansas  an- 
thracite is  not  coming  into  the  market  this 
year,  owing  to  the  strike  in  that  district, 
dealers  are  beginning  to  substitute  West 
Virginia  smokeless.  West  Virginia  smoke- 
less resembles  Arkansas  both  in  appear- 
ance and  burning  qualities  and  is  perhaps 
even  a  trifle  better.  It  can  be  sold  in  St. 
Louis  about  $1  per  ton  cheaper  than  .Ar- 
kansas and  consequently  is  taking  very 
well. 

The  anthracite  market  is  in  good  shape 
and  all  wholesale  companies  report  that 
they  are  behind  in  orders  on  all  sizes. 
The  demand  from  the  country  for  chest- 
nut is  very  strong,  and  that  size  is 
already  scarce.  Grate  is  selling  better 
than  usual  at  this  time  of  year. 


Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows:    o 

Illinois,  standard;                                 Mine.  Louis. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg S2  GO  $2 . 52 

2-in.  liiiiip 1.70  2.22 

Mine-run 1 .  .50  2  02 

Screenings  .■ 1.10  1.62 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 2.25  2.77 

.3-in.  nut 2.00  2.52 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  luiTip 1 . 75  2 .  27 

2-in.  nut 1.60  2   12 

.Mine-nm 1 .  50  2 .  02 

.Screenings 1 .  20  1.72 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 2.00  2.67 

3-in.  nut 1.75  2.42 

.Mine-run 1 .  50  2.17 

Screenings 1 .  30  1 :  97 

Pocahontas  and  New  River;  , 

l.ump  or  egg 1.90  4  40 

.Mine-run 1.25  3.75 

Pennsylvania  .\nthracite: 

Nut,  stove  or  egg 6.S5 

Urate 6.60 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 5 .  40 

(.las  house 4 .  90 

Smithing 4.15 


FOREIGN  COAL-TRADE 


Nova  Scotia  Coal — Shipments  of  coal 
from  Nova  Scotia  mines,  seven  months 
ended  July  31,  long  tons: 

Company;  1909.  1910.  Changes. 

Dominion 1.4.V>.7:«  l.i;i8,;ill  I.     lt>.i..iTH 

Interciphinial 129,ia7  14'2,i;58  I.        1:!,IM 

Nova  ScMtla  Steel  . .  3li8,.;66  414, OdI  I.        4.5,48.i 

Acadia 1.52,054  143.185  D.         s,.sr,9 

Maritime 49.289  85.571  I.       :)(i.-.'8-2 

Total 2.152.269    2,40;i.776      1.     251,507 

The  total  increase  reported  this  year 
was  1 1.7  per  cent. 

Austrian  Coal — Coal  production  in 
Austria  half  year  ended  June  30,  metric 
tons: 

1909.  1910.         Changes. 

Coal 6,818.446        6.811.892    D.         6,554 

Brown  coal 12.6116,988      12.171.540    D.     435.448 

Total  mined..     19.425.434      18,983.432    D.     442.002 

Coke  made 917.430  972,014      I.       .54..584 

Briijuets  made.        174,745  161,705    D.      i:i.040 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year  82,- 
235  tons  were  made  from  brown  coal  or 
lignite. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull. 
BIyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  Aug.  20:  Best  Welsh  steam,  $3.96; 
seconds,  S3. 78;  thirds,  S3. 60;  dry  coals, 
$3.60;  best  Monmouthshire,  .$3.54;  sec- 
onds, S3. 42;  best  steam  smalls,  $2.16; 
seconds,  $1.92.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2' j   per  cent,  discount. 


S  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW 


New  York,  Aug.  31 — With  the  approach 
of  September  and  the  end  of  the  mid- 
summer-vacation season,  there  seems  to 
be  an  improvement  in  the  iron  and  steel 
markets.  This  is  not  so  much  shown  by 
actual  new  sales  as  by  better  specifica- 
tions on  contracts  and  an  increasing  list 
of  inquiries.  There  is  also  a  more  cheer- 
ful feeling;  there  is  something  in  the  air 


jeptembci-  3,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


483 


which  makes  everyone  take  a  more  hope- 
ful view  ef  the  immediate  future.  Users 
of  iron  who  have  been  buying  for  short 
deliveries  all  the  year  are  beginning  to 
ask  about  prices  and  contracts  for  1911. 
No  one  looks  for  a  boom,  but  many  are 
figuring  on  better  business. 

In  pig  iron,  makers  are  assuming  that 
DOttom  prices  have  been  reached,  and  are 
lot  inclined  to  sell  far  ahead  at  present 
quotations.  This  does  not  agree  with 
luyers'  ideas,  and  they  are  not  disposed 
0  pay  more.  It  is  pointed  out  that  there 
s  no  reason  for  making  higher  figures  so 
ong  as  there  are  heavy  stocks  of  unsold 
ron  in  the  yards.  These  accumulations 
ire  being  gradually  worked  down,  per- 
laps,  but  the  make  is  still  large  enough 

0  prevent  any  rapid  reduction.  The  in- 
luiries  coming  in  the  East  are  chiefly  for 
oundry  iron,  with  some  basic;  in  the 
>ntral  West  they  are  for  bessemer  and 
lasic  pig.  Consumers'  stocks  are  not 
arge,  as  a  rule,  and  the  burden  of  carry- 
ng  the  surplus  iron  has  been  left  to  the 
urnaces. 

In  finished  material  structural  steel  is 
till  the  leader,  and  new  business  is  larger 
han  in  any  other  line.  Wire  and  wire 
roducts  come  next,  as  was  to  be  ex- 
ected  at  this  season.  Jobbers  are  show- 
ig  more  confidence  about  stocking  up 
lan  they  have  done  for  some  time.  In 
lates  there  has  been  little  new  business, 
ut  specifications  on  contracts  are  com- 
ig  more  freely.  Sheets  are  lagging,  and 
lere  is  some  shading  on  prices  to  secure 
rders  to  keep  mills  going.  The  main 
ouble  is  not  in  accumulated  stocks,  but 

1  surplus  capacity  of  mills. 

The  coming  month  will  determine 
retty  well  the  course  of  business  for  the 
inter.  It  depends  largely  upon  the  will- 
igness  of  the  large  interests  to  accept 
Dnditions  and  to  refrain  from  any  at- 
:mpt  to  put  up   quotations. 

Lake  Superior  Iron-Ore — The  ship- 
lents  of  ore  from  the  Lake  Superior  re- 
ion  are  falling  oft,  and  some  large  mines 
re  reported  to  be  closing  down  for  the 
:ason.  A  number  of  boats  are  reported 
ed  up,  though  there  are  three  months  of 
ivigation  still  to  come.  The  Lake  Erie 
ocks  are  full  of  ore,  and  shipraefits  to 
irneces  have  been  slow. 


Baltimore 
Aug.    30 — Imports    for    the    week    in- 
uded  335  tons  feriomanganese  and  1410 
ns  manganese  ore  from  Liverpool;   18,- 
X)  tons  iron-ore  from  Cuba. 

Birmingham 
Aug.  29 — Southern  furnace  companies 
e  selling  a  little  pig  iron,  but  there  is 
■t  complaint  that  the  market  is  dull, 
on  prices  in  this  section  are  firm  on 
basis  of  SI  1.50  per  ton  for  No.  2 
lundry.  All  manufacturers  are  now  quot- 
g  this  figure  and  the  statement  is  made 
*t  some  of  them  are  selling  iron  for  de- 
I'ery  through   the   balance   of  the   year 


on  that  basis.  There  has  not  been  much, 
if  any,  iron  sold  yet  by  the  Southern 
manufacturers  for  delivery  during  the 
first  quarter  of  the  coming  year.  The 
accumulated  stocks  of  iron  in  this  part 
of  the  country  are  begmning  to  show 
signs  of  reduction,  but  not  to  any  great 
extent.  The  statement  is  made  that  all 
iron  that  has  been  selling  under  S11.50 
came  from  accumulated  stocks.  Until 
the  accumulated  iron  is  out  of  the  way 
there  will  not  be  any  need  for  a  larger 
pioduction. 

A  few  orders  for  steel  rails  have  re- 
cently come  into  the  Southern  territory 
while  the  demand  for  fabricated  steel, 
wire  and  nails  has  been  steady.  The 
Tennessee  company,  subsidiary  organiza- 
tion of  the  United  States  Steel  Corpora- 
tion, is  putting  a  larger  sized  plate  mill 
at  its  Bessemer  rolling  mills. 

Cast-iron  pipe  plants  are  melting  iron 
steadily  and  foundries  and  machine  shops 
report  business  picking  up  slowly  but 
surely. 


Chicago 

Aug.  29 — Dullness  continues  in  the 
iron  market,  though  indications  are 
more  favorable  to  a  revival  of  buying 
soon.  The  number  of  inquiries  for  first- 
half  tonnage  is  increasing  and  larger 
amounts  are  being  considered.  For  last- 
half  deliveries  the  buying  continues  to  be 
in  small  lots,  at  unchanged  prices,  $\\<ii 
11.50,  Birmingham,  for  Southern  No.  2, or 
S 1 5.35 r,/ 15.85,  Chicago;  and  S16.50'(,  17 
for  Northern  No.  2.  The  furnace  inter- 
ests continue  to  hold  out  for  the  higher 
quotations  on  1911  business,  though  it  is 
said  in  buying  circles  that  heavy  con- 
tracts could  be  made  now  at  the  lower 
prices.  Few  interests,  however,  on  the 
buying  side,  care  to  close  on  large  con- 
tracts for  far-away  delivery,  though  one 
large  manufacturing  concern  has  done  so 
in  the  last  week.  This  is  encouraging, 
although  the  average  melter  is  still  buy- 
ing closely — a  carload  to  400  or  500  tons 
and  for  delivery  30  to  90  days  hence. 

Light  sales  are  the  only  ones  made  in 
iron  and  steel  products,  the  nearest  ap- 
proach to  activity  being  in  wire  goods. 
Coke  is  in  somewhat  better  demand  and 
no  surplus  exists  on  tracks,  the  price  be- 
ing S4.85,  Chicago. 


Cleveland 

Aug.  29 — Iron-ore  shipments  are  fall- 
ing off,  and  more  boats  are  going  out  of 
commission.  Something  like  60,000  tons 
of  resale  ore  is  on  the  market,  but  no 
bids  are  reported. 

Pig  Iron — The  market  is  still  rather 
dull,  but  more  inquiries  are  noted.  Bes- 
semer is  quoted  at  S16.15;  No.  2  foundry, 
S14.50rfM4.75;  forge,  S14r</ 14.25;  Lake 
Superior  charcoal,  S18.25'-</  18.50,  all 
Cleveland  delivery. 

Finished  .Material— The  structural  bus- 
iness is  fair,  with  more  contracts  coming 


in.  There  is  also  a  fair  tuade  in  both 
steel  and  iron  bars.  Plates  are  rather 
firm  at  1.40c.,  Pittsburg  basis.  There  is 
some  cutting  in  sheets.  Some  good  or- 
ders for  sheets  for  the  automobile  trade 
have  been  canceled  lately. 

Philadelphia 

Aug.  31 — Sales  of  pig  iron  have  been 
limited  and  have  been  mostly  in  small 
lots,  of  1000  tons-  and  under,  for  delivery 
in  30  to  60  days.  Furnacemen  are  a  little 
firmer  in  their  views  and  are  not  as  ready 
to  make  concessions  as  they  were.  Some 
inquiries  for  1911  are  in  but  have  not 
resulted  in  sales,  buyers  apparently  only 
testing  the  market.  No.  2X  foundry  can 
be  quoted  at  S\f>(<i  16.25;  No.  2  plain, 
SI5.75r-(  16;  forge,  S15;  while  S15  is 
asked  for  basic  pig. 

Steel  Billets — Only  small  lots  have 
been  sold.  Open-hearth  billets  are  S27.50 
^'/28;  forging  billets,  .S29.50r<;30;  but 
50c.  or  SI  less  can  be  done  for  good 
orders. 

Bars — Iron  bars  are  quiet  and  can  be 
had  as  low  as  1.40c.  Steel  bars  are  more 
active.  Store  trade  is  slower  than  it 
has  been. 

Sheets — Sales  are  still  in  small  lots  for 
early  delivery.  Forward  orders  are  not 
talked  about.  Concessions  of  SI  or  S2 
per  ton  are  easily  obtained. 

Plates — Specifications  on  contracts  are 
coming  in  well,  but  new  business  is  not 
large,  though  some  good  orders  for  tank 
and  ship  plates  are  reported  under  dis- 
cussion. Makers  are  holding  prices  pret- 
ty well  on  small  orders. 

Structural  Material — Some  bridge  work 
and  several  small  building  orders 
have  been  placed.  Several  good  building 
contracts  are  forward,  but  have  not  yet 
been  closed.  Mills  are  not  pushing  for 
business  as  hard  as  they  were. 

Scrap — Dealers  are  overhauling  their 
stocks,  since  such  buyers  as  are  in  the 
market  are  rather  captious  about  quality. 
Most  buyers,  however,  are  taking  things 
quietly  and  holding  off.  A  good-sized 
sale  of  old  carwheels  is  reported  at  S14. 
Not  much  else  in  a  selling  way. 

Pittsburg 

Aug.  30 — Steel  manufacturers  continue 
to  report  improvement  in  the  demand  for 
steel  products,  but  the  improvement  is 
of  a  very  moderate  description  and  ap- 
pears to  amount  to  no  more  than  the  nat- 
ural seasonable  change  attributable  to 
the  end  of  the  midsummer  period. 

Prices  of  steel  products  are  well  held 
considering  the  general  quietness,  but 
are  not  overly  strong.  The  leading  steel 
interests  appear  to  be  adhering  rigidly  to 
1.40c.  as  a  minimum  on  bars,  plates  and 
shapes,  but  there  are  several  mills  cut- 
ting plates  to  1.35c.  Black  sheets  are 
subject  to  about  SI  a  ton  more  shading 
than   a    fortnight   ago,   the   extreme   con- 


484 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


cession  being  $4  a  ton,  making  a  2.20c. 
net  price. 

Reports  are  pretty  uniform  that  the 
volume  of  new  business  in  August  will 
be  well  ahead  of  that  in  July,  but,  of 
course,  July  was  a  particularly  poor 
month. 

Pig  Iron — A  furnace  in  western  Penn- 
sylvania outside  the  Valleys  has  been 
making  particularly  low  prices  on  basic 
iron,  selling  1000  tons  to  a  consumer 
taking  a  45c.  rate  from  this  furnace  but 
60c.  from  the  Valleys,  at  SI 4,  delivered, 
and  1500  tons  to  a  Pittsburg  consumer, 
taking  a  60c.  rate  from  this  furnace  but 
90c.  from  the  Valleys,  at  S14.10  deliv- 
ered. However,  it  is  not  certain  that 
these  prices  can  be  duplicated.  A  sale 
of  1000  tons  of  bessemer  was  made  last 
week  at  S15,  and  another  lot  of  the  same 
size  sold  this  week  at  the  same  price, 
making  a  decline  of  25c.  On  the  large 
inquiries  noted  last  week  for  pig  iron, 
aggregating  over  50,000  tons,  chiefly 
basic,  one  interest  has  closed,  the  other 
two  still  being  in  negotiations.  The  con- 
cern which  bought  was  the  Oliver  Chilled 
Plow  Works,  but  details  of  the  purchases 
cannot  be  ascertained  here.  Foundry 
iron  is  reported  as  a  trifle  firmer  this 
week.  A  small  lot  of  prompt  Tennessee 
iron  is  offered  on  the  basis  of  S10.50, 
Birmingham,  25c.  lower  than  any  price 
previously  held,  but  the  Birmingham  dis- 
trict furnaces  are  understood  to  be  still 
quoting  Sll,  Birmingham.  We  quote, 
f.o.b.  Valley  furnaces,  90c.  higher  de- 
livered Pittsburg:  Bessemer,  S15;  basic, 
S13.75;  No.  2  foundry,  S14fa  14.25;  forge, 
$13.35;  malleable,  $14.50  per  ton. 

Steel — Deliveries  of  unfinished  steel 
have  improved,  hut  new  business  remains 
comparatively  light.  We  quote,  f.o.b. 
maker's  mill.  Pittsburg  or  Youngstown; 
Bessemer  billets,  S24.50;  sheet  bars, 
S25.50;  open-hearth  billets,  S26;  sheet 
bars,  S26.50'V,  27;  rods,  S28r(/29;  forging 
billets,  $29.50r(/30  per  ton. 

Ferromanganese — The  ferromanganese 
market  shows  increased  activity  and 
slightly  higher  prices.  Several  sales  of 
carload  and  slightly  larger  lots  for 
prompt  shipment  have  been  made  at 
S39.25  and  $39.50,  Baltimore,  while  there 
is  inquiry  for  several  hundred  tons  for 
the  balance  of  this  year  and  a  larger 
tonnage  for  the  first  half  of  next  year, 
English  Interests  report  fresh  inquiries 
for  2000  or  3000  tons  for  American  ac- 
count and  the  foreign  market  appears 
stifter.  We  quote  prompt  at  S39.25rr/ 39.50 
and  forward  deliveries  at  about  S40, 
f.o.b.  Baltimore,  freight  to  Pittsburg  be- 
ing $1.95  per  ton. 

Sheets — While  demand  for  sheets  con- 
tinues fairly  heavy  it  is  well  below  the 
capacity  and  sharp  competition  continues. 
Shading  on  black  sheets  has  increased 
$1  a  ton  in  the  past  fortnight,  galvanized 
continuing  to  be  shaded  .$5  a  ton  and 
blue  annealed  $1  a  ton.     Official  or  nom- 


inal prices  are  2.40c.  for  black.  3.50c.  for 
galvanized,  $1.70  a  square  for  painted 
corrugated  roofing,  $3  for  galvanized  cor- 
rugated, and  1.75c.  for  blue  annealed, 
10  gage. 


St.  Louis 

Aug.  29 — Very  little  change  in  the  pig- 
iron  market  is  noted  this  week.  A  small 
tonnage  is  moving.  Inquiries  are  coming 
in  fairly  well  and  a  slight  improvement 
is  anticipated.  There  has  been  no  change 
in  the  price,  S11.50^<(12  Birmingham 
and  S\50i  15.75  per  ton,  f.o.b.  St.  Louis. 


S  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE  g 


German  Iron  Production — The  German 
Iron  and  Steel  Union  reports  pig-iron 
production  in  June  at  1,219,071  metric 
tons,  being  42,664  tons  less  than  in  May. 
The  daily  average  output  dropped  from 
40,701  tons  in  May  to  40,478  in  June. 
For  the  six  months  ended  June  30  the 
make  of  pig  iron  was,  in  metric  tons: 


Fnundrj*  *ron 

Forge  Iron 

Steel  pig 

Bessemer  pig 

Tln>mas(haslc)pig 


I'.Wll. 

1,163,459 
351,520 
523,350 
201,027 

4,013,133 


1910. 

1,. 394,246 
331,068 
643,359 
2.52,210 

4.581,149 


Changes. 
I.  230,787 
D.  20,452 
I.  120.009 
I.  61.183 
I.     668,016 


Total 6,2.52.489      7.202.032      I.     949,,543 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  15.2 
per  cent.  Steel  pig  includes  spiegeleisen, 
ferromanganese    and    all    similar    alloys. 

Belgian  Production — The  production  of 
pig  iron  in  Belgium  for  the  half-year 
ended  June  30  was:  Foundry  iron,  45,040; 
forge,  100,840;  basic  and  bessemer,  761,- 
340;  total,  907,220  metric  tons,  an  in- 
crease of  167,740  tons  over  last  year. 


i    METAL- MARKETS    r| 


New  York,  Aug.  31 — The  metal  mar- 
kets generally  are  showing  more  activity. 
Changes  in  prices,  however,  are  only 
fractional,  but  there  is  a  better  tendency. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


UNITED     STATflS     GOLD     AND     SILVER     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

July   1910.. 

■•      1909.. 
Year  1910.. 

••     1909.. 

t    828,451 
16,661.782 
60,346  182 
80,496,119 

$10,282,649 

3,269,886 

29,671.180 

23,405,478 

Imp.S  9,454,198 

Exp.    13,391,896 

20,674,002 

57,090,641 

Silver : 
JUl.V    1910.. 

■•       1909.. 
Year  1910.. 

■•      1909.. 

5.121.471 

6,049,366 

;t2,178,i;89 

34,409,032 

3,794.888 

3,916,117 

26,696,408 

20,788,145 

Exp.      1,329,683 
1,133.249 
6.482,281 
7,620,887 

PI.Nporls  from  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
endert  Ails;.  LI":  (!old.  .f  4(i(l :  silver,  S.s(is,7!tl. 
ehieflv  to  London.  Imports:  (Jold.  U'.il  I.f,!i:<, 
nearly  all  from  London  :  silver,  .f :iL':!,so!),  from 
Mexleo.  Central  and  Sontli  Amorlcu. 

Movement  of  gold  and  silver  through 
the  port  of  San  Francisco,  half-year 
ended  June  30: 

Exports.    Imports.         F.xcess. 

Gnlil $1,970,208    $1,044,163    Ex.  $    926,0,56 

Silver 3,3.56,HX)      1,033,722     EX:    2,322.378 

All  the  silver  exported  was  bullion  ex- 
cept $1500  in  coin. 


Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  Aug.  18,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell: 

1909.  1910.             Changes. 

India £4.240.000  £4.062.100  1.    £    177.900 

China 1..555.20O  1.113,500  D.          441,700 

Straits 82,800  D.  82,800 

Total £5.878,000      £5,175.600     D.    £    702.400 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  16.02d.  per  ru-pee  for  the 
week. 


Gold — There  was  no  special  demand, 
and  prices  on  the  open  market  in  Lon- 
don were  steady  at  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for 
bars  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for  American 
coin.  In  New  York  $800,000  in  coin  was 
shipped  to  Canada. 

Platinum — The  market  is  still  quiet, 
and  prices  are  unchanged  at  $33  per  oz. 
for  refined  platinum  and  $37,506/38  per 
oz.   for  hard   metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  reports, 
under  date  of  Aug.  18,  that  the  market 
is  quiet,  but  generally  unchanged.  A 
slow  increase  is,  however,  to  be  marked 
at  Ekaterinburg.  The  crude  metal  is 
quoted  in  St.  Petersburg  at  27,500(S 
28,000  rubles  per  pood — average,  S27.20 
per  oz. — and  at  Ekaterinburg  at  7.50 
rubles  per  zolotnik — $28.20  per  oz.  These 
prices  are  nominal,  however,  and  subject 
to  negotiations.  The  higher  price  at  Eka- 
terinburg is  unusual. 

SILVER    .iND    STERLING    EXCH.VNCE 


Aue 

26 

26 

27 

29 

30 

31 

Nen  York.... 

London  

Storliug  Ex.. 

62>i 

24  H 

4.8670 

62% 

24^, 

4.8666 

62  Ji 

24 14' 

4.8660 

62,"^ 

24,', 

4.8646 

S2'i      62H 

24,1,      24,\ 

4.8610  4.8615 

1 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ouuce  tro.v. 
fine  silver  ;  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterllni; 
silver.  0.0:i."»   fine. 

Silver — The  silver  market  after  the  de- 
cline has  more  tone,  and  under  the  in- 
fluence of  China  and  India  purchases, 
has  today  shown  considerable  firmness. 
The  outlook  from  India  is  good,  and  it 
'vould  not  be  surprising  if  it  forced  an 
advance  in  silver  during  the  coming  fall 
months. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

V  _. 

0 

Ma 

.i:* 

^•* 

A 

It 

S2 

"5  !- 

a 

"^g. 

3fe 
,°1* 

H 

M 

k 

12  .51 

15 

i 

000 

H 

12  >, 

4.27i 

6.M1 

ffll2H 

fSU.r,r> 

&e% 

3i% 

4.40 

04..tO  06.371 

12*8 

12   ,511 

4.2711    S.MI 
04.32!  06.271 

(SVS\ 

012  .55 

5618 

36  « 

4.40 

!'**« 

12   .50 

4.27i|    S.M 
04.32j|0»-2' 

fi)12'. 

012  55 

35  5f 

4.40 

12  ^ 

12,. 50 

4.27J.    6.« 

012?, 

012.56 
12  .5(1 

60 

36X 

4.40 

04«32!  06.17 

4.27  ,    6.M( 

04.32  06  27i 

(SU'i 

012 .  55 

66^ 

«6H 

4.40 

12 '« 

12  50 

♦•"*,J-S 

dbvizi 

012  65 

65Ji 

3«S 

4  40 

01  :ti'{S^_ 

I 


Septsmber  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


485 


London  (|iio"alions  are  per  long  ton  (2240 
lb.)  stnudiirii  coppci'.  The  New  Ynik  quota- 
tions for  elertrol.vtic  copper  are  for  oakes. 
lugots  and  wiri'Iiars.  and  i-epresent  the  Im  i-, 
of  the  tran -actions  made  witti  consumers. 
Imsls  New  York,  cash.  The  prices  of  casting 
copper  and  of  eleclrol.vtic  calhodes  are 
usuall.v  n.lu'.-ic.  l)e!o\v  that  of  eleclrr)lytic 
Tlie  (piolalinns  for  lead  repi-eseul  wliolesal'- 
transactions  in  Ilie  open  market.  The  <iuota 
tious  on  .speller  are  for  ordinary  Westei'n 
I'lands ;   special   hrands   command   a   premium. 

Copper — During  the  week  of  Aug.  25- 
31,  the  market  has  been  quiet,  with 
neither  any  great  demand  from  manufac- 
turers nor  pressure  to  sell  from  producers. 
There  was  a  good  business  doing  from 
day  to  day  for  export.  European  con- 
sumers are  not  well  covered  and  the  con- 
sumption both  on  the  Continent  and  in 
England  is  increasing.  Manufacturers  in 
this  country  having  covered  their  re- 
quirements for  the  next  30  days,  have 
not  been  in  the  market  in  a  large  way. 
Some  busfness  has  been  done  with  them 
on  the  basis  of  I2'4C.,  delivered,  30  days, 
for  electroyltic,  netting  about  12.60c., 
cash.  New  York,  but  the  larger  volume 
of  business  has  been  for  delivery  abroad 
and  on  this  business  producers  have  been 
willing  to  accept  lower  terms.  However, 
if  any  large  demand  should  develop,  buy- 
ers would  probably  have  to  pay  the  full 
asking  price  maintained  by  all  the 
agencies.  Sales  during  the  past  week 
have  been  for  September  delivery  and  as 
far  ahead  as  December,  a  small  premium 
being  asked  and  paid  for  the  later  de- 
liveries. Business  in  Lake  copper  has 
been  insignificant  except  for  some  that 
is  done  right  along  under  contract. 

Prices  are  practically  unchanged  and 
at  the  close  Lake  copper  is  quoted  at 
XZ'^i^di  12's,  electrolytic  copper  in  cakes, 
wirebars  and  ingots  at  12.50'r(  12.55. 
Casting  copper  is  quoted  nominally  at 
12';';(  12',    for  the  week. 

Copper  sheets  are  ISfT;  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  London  market  has  been  quiet  but 
firm.  On  Monday  it  advanced  to  £56  for 
spot  and  £56  16d.  3s.  for  three  months. 
There  was  some  realization  on  the  part 
Df  speculative  holders.  The  market  clos- 
'ss  at  £55  1 5s.  for  spot,  and  £56  12s.  6d. 
for  three   months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
Auote:  Rnglish  tough,  £58  5s.;  best  se- 
lected, £59  15s.r„60  5s.;  strong  sheets, 
£67  I5s.'-.(68  15s.  per  ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  wxre  6944  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
:ial  correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  2479  tons. 

Tin — An  old-fashioned  speculation  de- 
■eloped  in  the  London  market  and  pro- 
luced  the  wide  fluctuations  which  always 
iccompany  a  similar  movement.  The 
ligh  point  was  reached  last  Friday  when 
It  one  period  of  the  excitement  £166  for 
ipot  and  £160  15s.  for  future  tin  was 
luoted.  Since  then  the  market,  while 
■omewhat   lower,  has  been   strong  on  a 


more  even  basis.  The  close  is  cabled  a< 
£163  5s.  for  spot,  and  £159  5s.  for  three 
months. 

The  domestic  market  naturally  was 
guided  largely  by  the  happenings  in  the 
London  market.  Consumers,  suspicious 
of  the  rise  abroad,  are  holding  back  and 
are  covering  their  immediate  wants  only. 
They  may,  however,  be  induced  to  enter 
the  market  more  freely  if  they  find  that 
the  advance  abroad  is  going  to  be  main- 
tained. At  the  close,  September  tin  is 
qi.oted  at  about  355/.s  cents. 

Lead — The  market  is  somewhat  firme^r. 
Lead  at  New  York  is  quoted  at  4.40c.,  and 
at  St.  Louis,  4.27' J  fr;  4.32' J  cents. 

In  London,  Spanish  lead  is  unchanged 
at  £12  1  Is.  3d.  and  English  at  £12  136.  9d. 
per  ton. 

Spelter — During  the  last  week  the  mar- 
ket has  been  rather  active,  several  im- 
portant consumers  having  been  desirous 
of  replenishing  their  supplies  and  being 
apparently  urgent  for  prompt  delivery.  A 
rather  large  business  has  been  done  with- 
in the  range  of  prices  quoted.  At  the 
close  some  producers  declined  5.27 !/.c., 
St.  Louis,  and  the  outlook  is  generally 
considered  to  be  good  for  a  further  ad- 
vance in  this  metal.  The  market  closes 
strong  at  5.22^  r«  5.27 ^^c,  St.  Louis,  and 
5.37' J  rr,  5.42':.  c.  New  York. 

New  York  quotations  for  spelter  Aug. 
25  to  31,  inclusive,  were  5.37^4ra5.42^ 
cents. 

In  London,  good  ordinaries  are  quoted 
at  £22  15s.  and  specials  at  £23  per  ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  III.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

The  United  Zinc  and  Chemical  Com- 
pany is  reported  to  be  making  additions 
to  its  plant  at  Springfield,  Illinois. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  continues 
rather  quiet  and  there  is  no  change  in 
prices.  No.  1  ingots  are  quoted  at  22^^c. 
per  lb.  in  large  lots.  New  York  delivery. 

Antimony — Only  a  retail  business  is 
being  done,  and  prices  are  unchanged  at 
8';irr;8'8C.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  7'^Cii' 
8c.  for  U.  S.,  and  7')  r,/ 7.><;c.  for  outside 
brands. 

Quicksilver — The  market  is  rather 
quiet.  In  New  York,  quotations  are  un- 
changed at  $46  per  fiask  of  75  lb.  for 
large  lots;  $47rr(48  for  jobbing  orders. 
San  Francisco,  S45.50  for  domestic  orders 
and  ?2  less  for  export.  The  London  price 
is  £8  12s.  6d.  per  flask,  with  £8  6s.  3d. 
quoted  by  second  hands. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40(ii  45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  for  electroyltic  is  5c. 
higher. 


Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
ra70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  Lo.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quality  of  metal. 

Bismuth — The  price  of  bismuth  is  now 
quoted  by  Johnson  &  Matthey,  who 
handle  it  in  England,  at  7s.  6d.— S1.80— 
per  lb.  in  London. 


Zinc  and  Lead    Ore  Markets 


Joplin.  Mo.,  Aug.  27 — The  higheet 
price  paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  $45 
per  ton,  on  a  base  price  of  $42  per  ton  of 
60  per  cent.  zinc.  The  highest  base  price 
was  S43.50  for  ores  carrying  4  to  5  per 
cent,  of  iron,  and  $47  base  for  ores  carry- 
ing an  excess  of  10  per  cent,  of  iron. 
Zinc  silicate  sold  on  a  base  of  $20f(i23 
per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  aver- 
age price,  all  grades  of  zinc,  was  S37.92. 
Lead  opened  the  week  unusually  firm  at 
S52  and  closed  with  $55  paid  for  several 
bins  of  ore.  The  average  price,  all 
grades  of  lead,  was  $51.70  per  ton. 

The  advancing  spelter  market  resulted 

SllU'.MENTS.   WEliK   liNDED   AUG.   27. 


Webb  City-Oartervllle 

Jopitn 

Galena 

Alba-Neck 

Duenweg 

Miami 

Jackson 

OronoK 

Granby  

Quapaw 

Aurora 

Carthace 

SpurKcon 

Carl  Junction 

Sarc.islo 

rave  springs 

Bad^or 

Reerts 

GreenHeld 


Zinc.  lb.  Lead  lb.     Value. 


4,'.l'.l7.O20 

•2.131.410 

l,13'.l.li<i(l 

H93,IKI0 

.541.790 

H5U,6.30 

285.270 

314,140 

4KU,H20 

321.480 

391.790 

225.810 

356,(HK) 

214,1,40 

205.590 

150.370 

140.8K0 

62,690 

■      59,640 


829.970 

215.840 

81,650 


9,500 
15,860 


4.180 
2,230 


Totals 13.762,030    1,366.640     $296,301 


$121,518 

52..3n6 

24.903 

19,646 

1.191 

10,632 

8,694 

6.370 

5,3.50 

6.218 

4.8.5;l 

4.741 

4,670 

4.507 

4.215 

3.104 

2.873 

944 

566 


8  months 387.248,990  56,889.8411     $9,051,822 

Zinc  value,  the  week.  $260,965;         8  mos.,  $7,595,257 
Lead  value,  lh<^  week.       35.336;         8  mos..     l,45l»,565 


MONTHI.Y 

.^VKH.\(:^ 

I-niCES. 

ZINC  OBE. 

LEAD  OBE. 

Month. 

llase  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

Mav 

$41.26 
30.94 
37.40 
;«.63 
4n.OI> 
44.15 

43.  ik; 

48.25 
47.70 
49.60 
51.31 
49.46 

$13.98 

$47.31 
40.69 
43.60 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39  63 
40.13 

$38.46 
34.37 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.36 
41  11 
44.54 
44.87 
46.76 
48.29 
47.67 

$45.16 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
.37.51 
37.83 
36.80 
37.32 

$62. 11 

60.50 
60.82 
65  63 
66.59 
67.52 
63.74 
67.60 
66.11 
65.02 
53.94 
66.26 

$a{.99 
S3.'i4 
6;.  26 
49.72 
48  16 

June 

48  80 

July 

AUffUHt 

Seiit**niber  .. 

October 

Novenibi'r... 
December. ., 

48.69 
49.16 

Year 

$41.20 

$54.00 

NoTK— T'ndcr  ztnr  oro  tho  first  two  rnl- 
umns  jrlvc  Imso  prices  for  (»n  ppr  cent,  zinr 
orp ;  thi*  spcrind  tw(»  tho  nvorngp  fnr  nil  ores 
sold.  Lend  orp  prlooK  arp  tlip  avpraco  for 
nU    orps   sold. 


486 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


in  quick  returns  to  the  zinc  ore  producers 
by  two  weeks  of  successive  advances  in 
prices.  While  pig  lead  shows  no  present 
upward  action,  buyers  have  been  unusu- 
ally busy  the  past  fortnight  picking  up  all 
the  ore  available,  and  in  order  to  secure 
it  have  advanced  the  price  from  S49  for 
1 1  successive  weeks  to  S55  in  two  weeks. 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Aug.  27— The  base 
price  paid  this  week  for  60  per  cent, 
zinc  ore  was  S40f(i  40.50  per  ton;  no 
premium  reported.  The  highest  price  paid 
for  lead  ore  was  S53;  the  base  price.  80 
per  cent,  lead,  was  S51  per  ton. 

SHirilEXTS,    WEEK    ENDED    ATTG.    27. 
Camps. 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 

Galena 675,045 

Platteville 509,740 

Mineral  Point 344,600 

Benton 219,iM)0 

Highland 193,700 

Cuba  City 83,500 

Montfort 

Shullsburg 


Lead    Sulpliur 
ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 


69,900 

125,035 

82,000 

87,000 


Total 2.02o,6H5        363,935        812,7i:ki 

Year  to  date 59,«77,l.m     6,160,289  16,059,2111 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  was 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separat- 
ing plants,  2,452,926  lb.  zinc  concentrates. 


New    Caledonia    Ore    Exports 


Exports  of  nickel  ore  from  New  Cale- 
donia in  May  are  reported  by  the  Bulle- 
tin du  Commerce,  of  Noumea,  at  16.041 
metric  tons;  for  the  five  months  ended 
Alay  3!  at  43,310  tons.  Exports  of 
chrome  ore  were  12  tons  in  May  and 
6450  tons   for  the   five  months. 


Other  Ore  Markets 

Iron  Ore — Current  qu"*"*'ons  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent. 
iron  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
S4.20  for  Old  Range  and  54  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
of  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quality  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore. 
around  50  to  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  .S3'i';3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  the  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
lUr/ll'jC.  per  unit,  delivered  at  East- 
ern acid  works;  fines,  lO.v.'IrS  1  Ic.  Pyrites 
containing  arsenic  realize  from  'jl/l'.c. 
per  unit   less. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  S6. 50^(7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  for  ore  containing  60 


per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
ite  ores,  50c. fi;  SI. 50  per  unit  less. 

Zinc  Ore — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende, 
of  good  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content,  delivered  at  Kansas 
smelting  points,  the  current  price  is  for 
the  zinc  content,  less  eight  units,  at  the 
St.  Louis  price  for  spelter,  less  S14f(/  15 
per  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 


CHEM  ICALS  1^ 


New  York,  Aug.  31 — The  chemical  mar- 
ket is  still  inactive  and  although  some  in- 
quiries are  being  heard  in  different  lines, 
prices  are  unchanged. 

Copper  Sulphate — Quotations  remain 
at  S4  per  100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and 
S4.25  per  100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — The  price  for  white  arsenic 
is  82.25  per  100  lb.  in  a  large  way.  In- 
quiries  are    frequent. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Prices  are  still  2.10c. 
per  lb.  for  spot,  while  futures  are  held 
at  2.12'..  rti  2.15c.  The  market  is  very 
dull,  considering  the  time  of  year. 

Potash  Salts — It  is  reported  that  a  de- 
posit of  potash  salts  has  been  discovered 
in  Austria,  near  Kalusz  in  Galicia.  It  is 
said  that  arrangements  are  being  made 
to  explore  these  deposits  and  to  work 
them  if  they  are  found  to  be  of  sufficient 
extent. 

Petroleum 

Petroleum  production  and  deliveries  in 

July,   as   reported   by   the   Oil    and    Gas 

Journal,  in  barrels  of  42  gal.  each: 

Fields.  Production.  Deliveries. 

I'ennsvlvania    2.7i:i.;!4r)  0.002.463 

Illinois    2.6:^8.2.53  l-,332,242 

Mid-Continent    4,607.801  4.837,260 

ciiilt  ("oast 1,100.361  1.969.0ft6 

California    6.!P03.804  .■J.lOO.OOO 


Boston,  Aug.  30 — Although  little  has 
happened  in  the  copper-share  market  the 
past  week,  sentiment  is  optimistic.  Con- 
certed action  could  bring  about  a  fair 
sized  upward  movement  in  the  metal 
stocks  if  leadership  could  be  drawn  upon, 
but  the   latter  is  lacking. 

Calumet  &  Hecla  holds  at  its  top  price 
around  S560,  which  gives  encouragement 
to  those  who  study  the  situation.  Aside 
from  this  the  company  has  declared  a 
S7  dividend,  the  same  as  three  months 
ago.  Other  mining-dividend  declarations 
during  the  week  have  been  the  regular 
S1.25  by  the  Quincy,  SI  by  Calumet  & 
Arizona,  and  50c.  by  the  Goldfield  Con- 

coi'i'ER  ruoni-cTiox  rei'cirts. 

Copper  contents  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


Totals    lS,n.-,3..571      in.241,170 

Total  estimated  stocks  held  by  pipe 
lines  and  producers  Aug.  1,  were  130,- 
926,436  bbl.,  an  increase  of  685,262  bbl. 
in  July. 


^   MINING -STOCKS    $ 


New  York.  Aug.  31 — The  general  stock 
market  has  been  unsettled  and  inclined  to 
bt  weak  on  rather  light  trading.  Toward 
the  close  of  the  week  there  was  a  little 
better  tendency  and  some  advances  in 
price,  as  in  Amalgamated  Copper  and 
Steel  common. 

On  the  Curb  there  was  an  improvement 
in  Goldfield  Consolidated,  but  not  much 
was  heard  of  the  other  Nevada  stocks. 
Cobalt  stocks  were  fairly  steady  on  light 
trading.  The  copper  shares  were  not  in 
great  demand.  Chino  was  the  leader, 
with  a  slight  gain  at  the  close. 

It  is  reported  that  negotiations  have 
been  renewed  for  the  proposed  consoli- 
dation of  the  Comstock  lode  companies, 
which  has  been  under  discussion  for  sev- 
eral months. 


Company. 

May. 

June. 

July, 

Arizona,  Ltd 

Balaklala 

Boleo  (Mexico) 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  vS:  Ariz 

Cananea  (Mexico).. 

2.610,000 
1,148,762 
2,735,680 
10,283,865 
1,778,000 
4,300,1X10 
2,035,639 
700,000 
6,164,493 
2,174,000 
1,326,000 
2,276,000 
8,862,913 
24,850,000 
19,250,000 

2,802,000 
1,226,000 
2,116,314 
10,219,687 
2,490,000 
4,280,000 
2,017,000 
800,000 
6,186,832 
2,092,000 
1,528,000 
2,245,0(«) 
8,358,496 
23,750,0(HI 
18,000,000 

2,910,000 
1,100,0110 
2,272,i-.00 
l(l,73ll.:i72 
2,7(15.000 
4.6110,000 
1,800,000 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con 

6,896,429 

2,207,000 

Siipfi-icr  &  Pitts... . 
Utali  ('.![. jn-r  Co 

2,224,000 
8,677,000 

Lake  Superior 

19,00<1,000 

Total  i)roductioD. 

90,495,342 

24,850,919 

6,487,243 

88,130,329 

20,817,978 

5,579.618 

Imp.  in  ore  &  matte 

121,833,504 

114,527,915 

But(p  distrift  and  Lake  Superior  ligures  iire 
estimated ;  others  are  reports  received  y'rom 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  productiou  of 
Tananea.  and  that  part  of  Copper  Queen  pro- 
dinti'iu  which  comes  from  Xacozari.  Boleo 
( (.ppiT  does  not  come  to  American  refiners, 
riah  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
iho   Boston    mill. 

STATISTICS   OF  COPrER. 


Month. 

United 

States 

Producfn. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Dellverlee 
for  Export, 

VIII,  1909 

IX     

120.597,234 
118,023,139 
124,667,709 
121,618,369 
117,828,656 

59,614,207 
52,105,965 
66,359.617 
66,857,873 
69,619,501 

48,382,704 
50,077,777 

X 

66,261 ,238 

XI              

56,266,596 

XII 

59,646,570 

Year 

1,405,403,066 

705,061,691 

680.942,620 

1,1910 

II     

116,547,287 
112,712,493 
120,067,467 
117,477.639 
123.242.476 
127,219,188 
118,370,003 

78,168,387 
66,618,322 
62,844,818 
67,986,951 
69.305.222 
53,363,196 
56,708,176 

81.691,675 
37.369.518 

Ill 

40.585,767 

IV            

31.332.434 

V.., 

46.495,400 

VI               

65.895.94S 

VII 

50,407,167 

VISIBLE  STOCKS, 

0nlted 
states. 

Europe. 

Total. 

VIII.  1909 

I\      

122,596,607 
135,196.930 
161,472,772 
153,509.626 
1.53,0(«,627 
141,766,111 
98,463,339 
107,187,992 
123,824.874 
141,984,159 
160.425.973 
168,386,017 
170,640,678 

171.492,160 
197,993,600 
210,224,000 
222,566.400 
236.857,600 
244,204,800 
248,236,800 
254,1!>0,4(K) 
249,62.'i.r,(X) 
246.8711,400 
239.142,400 
232.892,800 
222,320,(«K) 

294,088,767 
333,1911.630 

X 

361 .696,773 

XI    

376,(I76,0M 

XII 

I,  1910 

,S89,861,1« 
385,970,911 

II 

Ill             

346,7(H1,189 
36I,3:t8,3W 

IV 

373,450,474 

V 

VI 

388,854,66* 
399.fl(i8.97S 

VII 

401.278,817 

VIII 

392,9iai,678 

I'iL'urcs  are  in  pounils  of  line  copper.  I  S. 
proiluriiiui  inclu<les  all  eopper  rellned  In  this 
iiiiinlrv.  liolli  from  diuuestie  and  imported 
nialrriiil.  Visible  sloeks  are  those  reported 
on  the  lirsl  <lii,v  of  eMcli  month,  as  broudht 
over   from    I  lie   preceding  month. 


September  3,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


487 


solidated,  a  part  of  the  latter  being  in 
the  way  of  extra.  All  of  these  are  at 
the  same  rates  as  prevailed  three  months 
ago. 

Trading  for  the  most  part  has  been 
desultory,  although  it  is  to  be  noted  that 
there  is  quite  a  demand  for  odd  lots 
of  all  the  active  issues.  A  premature  re- 
port has  been  spread  of  another  Lake 
Superior  consolidation  to  take  in  the 
Lake,  North  Lake,  Indiana,  South  Lake, 
Algomah  and  Bohemia.  It  is  termed  an- 
other Copper  Range  deal.  The  three  lat- 
ter stocks  are  Curb  stocks,  while  the  three 
former  are  listed  on  the  regular  Ex- 
change. Their  combined  market  value  is 
around  511,000.000.  Indiana  and  South 
Lake  have  both  had  good  market  move- 
ments, but  they  have  been  due  to  favor- 
able findings  by  diamond-drill  operations 
in  each. 

AMNf>MNlllf'llt.N 


TIN   AT    NEW    YOUK 


Company. 


Dellnq.     Sale.    I  Amt. 


American,  Ida 'Sept.  22 

Bunion,  Nev JAug.  11 

Chftllonge,  Nev isept.    7 

Ely  Con..  Nev | 

Hancock  Con.,  Mich Au.Oct 

Hypothf'k,  Ida Sopt.  11 

Julia.  Nev Aug.     ( 

Little  Butte.  Ida Sept.  l."> 

Live  Onk.  Ariz !Oct. 

Lower  Mammoth,  Utah [Aug.  1 

Montana-Blngham,  Utah...  Aug.  10 

New  York.  Utah Aug.  1.5 

Ope.x,  Utah 'Aug.  29 

Poto.sl  fJ.  &  S.  Mln,  Nov Sept.    f, 

Bnveu.  Mich Aug.  15 

Rhode  Island.  Ida Sept.  14 

Scorpion,  Nev Aug.  11 

Scottish  Chief.  ITtnh Aug.  10 

8eg.Holcher&MldasOiin.,N.  Sept.    ii 

Tintic  Central.  Utah Aug.  10 

titah.  Nev Sept.    G 

Winona.  Mich .\ug.    9 


Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 


Oct. 

Sept. 
Oct. 


Sept.  2S 


Oct.    ] 
Sept. 

Sept.  ; 

Sept.  '. 


$0,002 
0.05 
0.10 
0.05 
3.00 
0.005 
0.03 
0.002 
3.00 
0.05 
0.02 
0.02 
0.03 
0.10 
0.10 
0.001 
0.02 
0.01 
0.05 
O.OOj 
0.05 
1.00 


Monthly  AvernBe   I'rioeji  of  Metals 

SII.VKl! 


Month. 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

July 

August 

September 

Oclol>er 

Novembf«r 

December 


New  York.       London. 


1909.     1910.     1909.     1910. 


ril.7.'i0  52 
->l,472'.'-.l 

:>i),4i;k  .-ii 
r>l,42H  .',:i 
r>i,'.iir>  w.\ 


YM  .-,:i 


Total 51.502: 


.'il  114:)  .■ 
.■)1.12.-.  £ 
.51  440  . 
.iO  '.123  . 
50.7031. 
.'>2.22r,l. 


375  23 
.534123 
4.54  23 
221  23 
.H70  24 
4IV2  24 
1.-.(I23. 
912  23 
...{23, 

. . .  23, 
...|24. 


.154 
794 
.090 
483 
797 
651 
0:i4 
42S 


Niw    Yriik Ills    per    line 

ln'in-e    per    standard    ounce. 


London. 


cni'IM:!!. 


Nkw  Tohk. 


January 

February.. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . 

October 

November.. 
December. . 


Electrolytic       Lake. 


1909.     1910. 


Tear. 


12.9S2 13.335 


1910. 


13.870 
13.719 
13.581! 
13.091 
12  8M5 
12.798 
12.570 
12.715 


London. 


1909.     1910. 


111.  198 

r)8« 

.5fi.231 
7.3G3 
.59.338 
59.C27 
58.5.50 
59.393 
59.021 
57.551 
58.917 
59.9flC 


58.732  . 


fifl.923 
59.. 388 
,59.214 
67.238 
.50.313 
65.310 
54.194 
55.733 


New  ^ork.  cenis  per  pound.  Klectroh  He  Is 
for  cnkes.  Ingois  or  wlrcburs.  London,  liounds 
slerllin;.    |ier   Ion-    Inn.   slnndnnl   lotiper 


Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

mr.i. 

1910. 

January  . , . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28.0C,(I 
28  290 
28. 72; 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

.32.700 
32.920 
32.403 
:«.970 
33  125 
32.769 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29  125 
29.9f>6 
30.293 
30.475 
30.8.59 
32.913 

32.695 
33.972 

29.725 

IMIces   ar 


cuts   pel-   pound. 


I.KAD 


Month 

New 

Y..rk. 

St.  Louis. 

Lon 

don. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February.. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

4.17.5 
4.1118 

3 .  986 
4.PJ8 
4.287 
4.3,5(1 
4.321 

4 .  363 
4.342 
4.341 
4. 370 
4.. 5110 

4.7(Ki 

4.i;i3 

4.4.59 
4.376 
4.315 
4.343 
4.404 
4.4IH) 

4. 0-25 
3 .  H);8 

3.83.5 
4.0.51 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4.227 
4.215 
4.215 
4.252 
4.459 

4  582 
4.445 
4. 307 
4.22.5 
4.1W 
4.207 
4.291 
4.290 

13.113 
13,313 

13.438 
13.297 
13.22.5 
13.031 
12.. 563 
12.475 
12.7H1 
13  175 
13.M47 
13.125 

13.650 
13.328 
13.063 
12  l'4I 
12. 5.50 
12.688 
12. 531 
12.513 

.August 

September  . . 

O.-tob.-r 

Xovcmbcr. . . 
Deciunbcr .. . 

Year 

4.'J7:l 

4.153 

13.049 

New    York   and    St.    Louis,    cents   per   ponnU. 
London,  imunds  sterliuj;  per  long  ton. 


Sl'KI 

ti:r 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

Loudon. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4.99! 

5.951 

21.425 

23 , 3.50 

February 

4.889 

5.569 

4.739 

5.419 

21.. 562 

23.188 

March 

4 .  757 

6.637 

4.607 

5.4.H7 

21.438 

23.(i:ll 

April 

4.965 

5.439 

4.815 

5 .  2H'.l 

21.531 

22   469 

May 

5.124 

5.191 

4.974 

5  (141 

21.975 

22.100 

June 

5.402 

5.128 

5.252 

4  ,  978 

22  (Hill 

22.219 

July 

5.402 

5.1.52 

5.252 

5   1102 

21    969 

22.406 

.\ugust 

5.729 

5.279 

5.579 

5.129 

22   125 

22.800 

Sejitcmber  .. 

5.796 

5.r.40 

22.906 

October 

6  199 

i;.043 

23.2(K1 

Ntfvember.. . 

6 .  381 

6.231 

23.188 

December. . . 

6.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Year 

5.503 

5.3,52 

22.201 

New   York  and    St.    l.ouis.   cents  per  pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 

rnif'KS  oi"  I'K!  IRON  AT  riTTsnnti;. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.  1  1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February .... 

March 

April 

May 

June...  . 

$17,18 
10.73 
16.40 
15.79 
15.77 
10.13 
1C.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18.53 
18.28 
17.10 
16.52 
)«.40 
10.09 

$16.40 
16.09 
15.84 
15.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
10.17 
10.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.16 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15  (Kl 

$16.26 
15.90 
15.02 
15.06 
15,08 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15. 53 
15.40 
16.16 

July 

August 

Septenilter  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

14.80 

10.20 
17.03 
18.03 
18.09 
17.90 

Year 

$17.461 

$10.40 



$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  A 

ug.  30 

SALT  LAKE          Aug.  30 

Name  i>t  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  of  Comp. 

Olg. 

Listed: 

.051 

Carlsa 

.19 

.40 

Acacia 

Colorado  Mining. 

Crljjple  Cr'k  Con.. 

Columbus  Con... 

.84 

C.  K.  &N 

.17 

Daly  Judge 

4.IHI 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

.10 

Grand  Central 

1.2-21 

Elkton  Con 

.74 

Iron  Bli«som 

El  Paso 

.84 

Little  Bell 

17 

P'annie  Rawlins. . 

t.(J5 

Little  Chief 

.22 

FIndlay 

.09 

Lowi'r  Mammoth. 

t.l5 

Gold  D.dlar 

t.l4 

iMason  Valley  .... 

7.50 

Gold  Sovereign... 

.031 

{MaJ.   Mines 

1.63 
05 

Isabella 

.18! 
J.. 53 

'Mav  Day 

Mary  McKlnnoy.. 

iNevada  Hills 

.2.17) 

Pharmacist 

(i:i 

iNewY.irk 

M^' 

Portland 

1.17 

Vindicator 

.90 

Red  Warrior 

6.00 

Work 

.04 

Sliver  King  CoaPn 

2. (HI 

CnllBleil : 

Sioux  Con 

.24 

Golden  <,'v.-le 

2.. 10 

Uncle  Bam 

.19 

United  O..MMlnes 

;  (P7J' 

Victoria 

1.07) 

SAN    I-UANCISCO. 


Aug..-i(l. 


Name  of  Comp. 


COMSTOCE  STOCKS 

Alta 

Belcher  

Best  &  Belcher 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Ci)n.  t'al.  b  Va.,.. 

Crown  P<dnt 

E.xchtMjuer 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hal<^  &  NorcrosB.. 

Mexican , 

Ophir 

Overman 

PotoSl  

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

UuiiuiCcm 

Yellow  Jacket 


CIg, 


,11 
,93 
.60 
.46 
.18 
.20 
.75 
1.37 
.97 
.20 
.26 
.35 
1.36 
1.37 
.65 
.35 
.22 
.30 
.39 
.(>4 


Name  of  Comp.    Clg. 


Misc.  Nevada 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

MIciway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Ml 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

Ore 

Re(l    Hill .'. 

Sandstorm.  ... 
Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tiamps  Con...."! 


3.85 
.04 
.27 
!27 
.24 
.08 
.61 
.12 
.11 
.11 

J. 07 
.44 
.03 
.42 
.06 
.04 
.04 
.07 
.18 
.03 


N.  y.  EXCH. 


Name  of  Comp. 


Aug.  30     BOSTON  EXCH.  Aug.  30 
^Ig-     1  Name  of  Comp.      ciiT 


Amalgamated 

Am.  Agrt.  Cbom. . 
Am.Sn[.A-Ref.,com 
Am.Sm.  *Eet.,pt. 

Anaconda 

Bethlehem  Steel. . 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  «;  I. 
Colo.  Fuel  &  Ii-on. 
DuPont  Pdr,  pf. 
Federal  M.  &  8... 
Great  N'ir. ,  Cfre  ctf. 
Nat' nal  Lead, com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  <:ons(.l 

Pittsburg  Coal 

Republic  I  AS, com. 
Repulilio  I&S.pf. 
SlossShoffl'd.com. 
Sl.issSheffleid.  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper 

U.  8.  8teel.com.. . 

U.  8.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


6i)i 
44Ji 
68 
103 
40 

r-'7>i 

30 

t.55 
J.54 

62  S 
flOO'i 

20  ?i 

16.,; 

:!0 

91 

;i03 

26 1^ 
45Ji 
70 

58 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Aug.  30 


Name  of  Comp. 


Bonanza  Creek. . 
Boston  Cojipf^r. . . 
Braden  L'oi»per. . 

B.C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines. . . 
B((tte  (^>alition. . 

Cniediinla 

Chin. 

Cobalt  Central.. . 

Cobalt  Prov 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm.. .. 
Cumberland  Ely.. 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop.. 

Ely  I'ou 

ElRay<i 

Florence 

Gila  Copper 

GIroux 

Gold  Hill 

GoldHeldCon... 
Greene  Cauanea. . 

Guanajuato 

Gupgen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKlnley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  .\m.. 
Mont.  Sbosbono.. 
Mont.-Tonopah... 
Nev.  Utah  M.  k  8. 

New  Baltic 

Newhouse  M.  &  8. 
NIplssIng  Mines.. 

(Jhio  Copper 

Paeltlc  Sm.  t  M.. 

Bay  Central 

Ray  Con 

Silver  (^ueen 

Stnnilard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah 

Tiuopah  Ex 

Trl-l!ulllon 

W.  Va.  Wyo.  Cop. . 
Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


3 

18 
3H 
*% 

IBX 

14  Ji 

8^ 
.59 

2 

9 

1« 

7 
.30 

3M 

\ 

7>. 
lfi< 
180 

6>i! 

mi 

1.01 
19)i 
64 

.37)i 
.98 

n 

6 

3)i 
10« 

n 

tl8X, 

.36 

GOO 

»%: 

.00 

3%  I 


[Adventure 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

I  Arcadian 

Arizona  Ck>m 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Butte  &  Balak.... 
Calumet  &  Ariz... 
Caluno-t  k  Hecla. 

Cenlennlal 

('on.  Mi^rcur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

OJibway 

Old  Dominion... 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Qulucy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  i  Best. 
Sui)erlor  &  Pitts. 

Tamarack 

Trlnitv 

U.S.  Sing.  4Ref. 
U.S.8m.&Re.,pd 

Utah  Ape.\ 

Utah  Con 

Victoria  

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


6 
40 
26 

6>4 

17 

6-V 
18 

6% 
CO'j 
56(1 
18 
.10 
66  >i 

G'i 

73i 
10 
34 
21 
t2« 
187i 
19 

3?4' 
36  3i 
10 

47Ji 
•20« 
2814 
10 
(i 

3i; 

125 
ISfi 
74 
10 
45 'i 

8>i 
11  >J 
67 

6 
38'^ 
49 

3?i 
24 

■iH 

7>i 
125 

1« 


BOSTON  CURB    Aug.  30 


Name  of  Comp. 


LONDON        Aug.  31 


Name  of  Com 


Dolores 

Strntton'slud. 
Cainj)  Bird..., 

Esperanza 

Tomboy 

Kl  Ore 

Orovllle 

Mexico  Mines 


Clg. 


£1  108 

0  3 

1  13 

2  13 

0  16 

1  7 
JO    6 

8  18 


.\bmeek 

Bingham  Mines. 

B(wtcui  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactns 

Calaveras 

Chamidon 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

{-rown  Reserve.. . 
Fiist  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Ma]estlc 

Nat'l  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper.. . 
Rhode  IslandCoal 

San  AntonI 

Shattuck-Arlz 

South  Lake 

Superbir  k  Globe. 

Ti'(^thewey 

Tntdumno  Copper 

Vulture 

Ynraa 


Clg. 


185 
3« 
IJi 

.08 

H' 

10?4' 

.061; 

l^i 

21,' 

.15-' 

.49 
.11 

■iH 
.30 

^' 

'■•>* 
.20 

lA 

2>4- 

».?.' 
.42 


tl.Hst  (pinlallon. 


488 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


f 


September  3,  1910. 


nniiix    xKK)f    \nx    wxx    ^y>x     nn    xxxx    xxxx    \ny    xnx    nxx    xny    xxxx    xiooc    yyyx:    \m)c    xxxx    mr 


y^  THE    MINING    INDEX  % 

^  A  CLASSIFIED  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  THE  CURRENT 


LITERATURE    OF  MINING  AND   METALLURGY. 

Lxxx     -iXix     Yxxx     xxxx     xxix     XKVY    xxKX     ifvxx      xxyx     xxxx     vxxx     vxxx    laxx     XXXX     XXXX     XXXX     JOOtX     XXKlh 


This  index  is  a  convpnient  reference  to  the 
current  literature  of  mining  and  metallurgy 
published  in  all  of  the  important  periodicals 
of  the  world.  We  will  furnish  a  copy  of  any 
article  lit  in  print  I.  in  the  original  language, 
for  the  price  quoted.  Where  no  price  is 
quoted,  the  cost  is  unknown.  Inasmuch  as 
the  papers  must  be  ordered  from  the  pub- 
lishers, there  will  be  some  delay  for  foreign 
papers.  Remittance  must  be  sent  with  order. 
Coupons  are  furnished  at  the  following  prices  : 
20c.  each,  six  for  .$1,  33  for  .$.">.  and  100  for 
$1.1.  When  remittances  are  made  in  even 
dollars,  we  will  return  the  excess  over  an 
order  in   coupons  it  so  reipiestea. 

COAI,    .\ND    COKJE 

13.1S7 — ACCIDENTS— Les  Degagements 

'lustautanfs  de  Grisou  dans  les  Mines  de 
Houille  de  Belgique  ( Periode  de  ISOi-lOOSl. 
Simon  Stassart  and  Emumnuel  Lemaire. 
(Ann.  des  Mines  de  Belgique.  Vol.  XV,  No. 
3,  1010;  9(5  pp.,  illus.)  Continuation  of  ar- 
ticle   previously    indexed. 

I'M^vS— ALA.'JKA— The  Bering  River  Coal- 
field of  Alaska.  L.  W.  Storm.  (Eng.  and 
.Min.  .Tourn..  Aug.  fi.  Win;  3  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

1,3.189— ALASIIA  COAL  and  Its  Utilization. 
Alfred  H.  Brooks.  (U.  S.  Geol.  Surv..  Bull. 
44L>-.\.    1010;   53Vi    pp.) 

i:',.100 — ANALYSIS — Some  Variations  in 
the  (itticial  Method  for  the  Determination 
of  Volatile  Matter  in  Coal.  A.  C.  Fieldner 
and  .T.  II.  Davis.  I. Tourn.  lud.  and  Eng. 
Chem..   July,    1910;    SVi    PP-)      OOe. 

13,101— BELGICM— Les  Travaux  rfcents  de 
reconnaissance  dans  les  Bassiiis  Houillers 
de  Belgique.  I'.  Ilabets.  (Ann.  des  Mines 
de   Belgique,   Vol.   XV,   1010;   21%    PP-.    iHus.) 

13.192— COAL  -  CUTTING  MACHINERY 

and  Electrical  Accidents  in  Mines.  (Elec. 
Kev..  London.  Aug.  a.  1010;  IV-  pp.)  In- 
formation derived  from  reports  of  II.  M. 
Inspectors  of  Mines  for   1000.     40c. 

13,10.3— COAL-DUST  EXrERIJIENTS  at 
the  Experimental  Gallery  of  the  Rossitz 
Coalfield.  Czaplinski  and  J.  .licinsky. 
(Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  .Tuly  22,  1010;  1  p., 
illus.)  Translation  from  Oest  Zeit.  f.  B.  u. 
H.      40c. 

13.104- CO.\L-nT'ST  EXPLOSIONS- Koh- 
lenstaubexplosionen  in  der  Englischen  Koh- 
lenindnstrie.  H.  Walter.  (Rergbau.  .Tuly  7, 
1910;  2  pp.)  Describes  the  measures  taken 
in  Great  Britain  against  coal-dust  explo- 
sives.     40c. 

IS.IO.I- COKE— Firebricks  for  By-Product 
Coke  Ovens.  (Iron  and  Con]  Tr.  Rev.,  .lulv 
22.    1010;    2i-;i    pp..    illiis.)      40c. 

13.10;;--COKE— The  Collin  Regenerative 
Bv-I'roduct  Coke  Oven.  (Iron  Age,  Aug.  4, 
1010;   2   pp.,   illus.)      20c. 

13.107— ELECTRIC  POWER— Earthed  and 
Insulated  Neutrals  in  Colliery  Work.  (Eng. 
MTiil  Min.  .Tourn.,  .\ng.  0.  1010;  IVj  pp..  illus.) 
Abstract  of  papei-  before  Brit.  Instn.  of  Elec. 
Engrs.    by   W.    W.    Wood.     20c. 

13.19.S— EXPLOSION— The  Mulga  Mine  Ex- 
plosion. (Mines  and  Minerals,  Aug.,  1910; 
2   pp..   illus.)     20c. 

13.190— GAS — Note  sur  uu  IV'gagement  In- 
st;tntane  d'Acide  Cnrboniqiie  Survenu  anx 
Mines  de  Singles.  M.  Lfiiret.  (.\nn.  de 
Mines.  Vol.  XVIT.  No.  3,  1010;  l.-,i;,  pp., 
illus.) 

13,200— ILLINOIS  COAL  FIELD.  II.  II. 
Stock.  (Mines  and  Minerals,  Aug.,  1910;  3 
pp.,    illus.)      20e. 

13.201M  I  M  N  G      WITIIOT'T      EXI'LO- 

SIVKS — Stosstriinken  nnd  livflnuilische  K'>h- 
Icnsnrengung  in  Sleinknhlennc>zen.  Trippe 
(Gliickauf.  .Tune  25,  1010;  OV,  pp..  illus.) 
40c. 

13,202-  PEAT  and  the  Production  of 
Power.  Herbert  Philipp.  (.Tourn.,  Am.  I'eat 
See,   .July.    1910;   0   pp.)      .'*()c. 

13.203- PEAT— Some  Florida  Peat  Plants. 
Robert  Rnnson.  (.Tonru..  Am.  Peat  Soe., 
July,    1010;   4   pp.)      80c. 

13.204— PRAT    MACHINERY    and    Produc- 


tion of  Peat.     .T.  H.  Van  (ilahn.     (.Tourn.  Am. 
Peat   Soe.,   July,   1910;  2%   pp.)     80c. 

13,203— PL.ANT— A  Model  Coal  Mining 
Plant  in  Wyoming.  Henry  M.  Payne.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  Journ..  July  .30.  1910;  3  pp.,  illus.) 
Description  of  equipment  and  methods  of 
Superior    Coal   Company.      20c. 

i:;.L'0,!  POWER  I'RODUCTION  at  Col- 
lieries, with  Special  Reference  to  (ias  Power 
and  Electrical  t'entralization.  Robert  Craw- 
ford and  Harold  Moores.  (Trans.,  Min.  Inst., 
Scotland,  Vol.  XXXII,  part  u,  1909-1010;  21 
pp..    illus.) 

1.3.207--RESCUE  W(1RK— The  Possibilities 
of  Rescue  Work  in  Connection  with  Mine 
Exposions  and  Fires.  J.  S.  Haldane.  (Trans. 
Min.  Inst.,  Scotland,  Vol.  XXXII.  part  5, 
1909-1910;    3OV2    pp..    illus.) 

13.20S— SHAFT  SINKING— The  Sinking 
and  Equipping  of  I'euallta  Colliery.  George 
(i.  Hann.  (Coll.  Guard.,  July  22,  1010;  3^4 
I)p..  illus.)  Conclusion  of  article  previously 
indexed.     40c. 

13.200— SPECIFIC  GRAVITY— The  Acid 
Specitic-Gravity        Test.  A.        Langerfeld. 

(Mines  and  Minerals.  Aug.,  1910;  2^4  pp.) 
20c. 

13.210— STORAGE— Loss  in  Coal  Due  to 
Storage.  A.  Dement.  (Chem.  Engr.,  July, 
1910;   2H   pp.,  illus.)     40c. 

13.211— S  U  R  V  E  Y  I  N  G— Colliery  Survey 
Notes.  Ralph  Shamwav.  (Jlines  and  Miner- 
als. Aug..  1910;  1  p..  illus.)  Method  of  re- 
cording notes  used  by  Rocky  Mo\intain  Fuel 
Company.      20c. 

13212— TIPPLE— Modern  Methods  in  a 
Coal  Tipple.  Henry  Harrison.  (Eng.  and 
.Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  20,  1010:  (514  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13.213— VENTILATTON—L'exhaure,  I'Ex- 
traction  et  la  Ventilation  dans  les  Jlines  de 
Belgique.  A.  Sonpart  and  L.  Legrand. 
(.Vnn.  de  Mines  de  Belgique,  Vol.  X^^  No.  3, 
1010;    17    pp.) 

13.214— WORLD'S  COAL  DEPOSITS— Die 
bekannten  Steinkohlenlager  der  Errle  und 
iler  Zeitpunktihrer  voranssichtlichen 

Erschopfung.  Fritz  Freeh.  (Gliickauf.  Apr. 
.".0.  May  7  and  14.  1910;  24  pp.)  Eiinnierates 
the  known  coal  deposits  of  the  world  and 
makes  a  forecast  of  the  time  of  their  prob- 
able exhaustion.     ;>1. 

COPPER 

1.3.21.-)— ANALYTIC  WORK  at  Copper 
()neen  Smeltery.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press.  July 
:io,   1910;   11,4    pp.)      20c. 

13.210-  BLAST  FURNACES— Circular  (^op- 
per  Blast  Furnaces.  Thomas  E.  Ijiunbo't. 
(Mines  and  Minerals.  Aug..  1910;  2(.'.  pp., 
illiis. )      20c. 

13.217— CIIILE-Vahiation  of  Copper  in 
Chile.  L.  C.  Stncklev.  (Min.  Mag.,  July, 
1910;   3  pp.,   illus.)     GOc. 

13.21.8— CONCENTRATION— Miami  Con- 
centrating Mill.  R.  L.  Herrick.  (Mines  and 
.Miiier.ils.    .\ng..    1910;    3    pp.,    illus.)      20c. 

13,219— CONVERTERS— Basb'-Ianed  Con- 
rcrters  for  Leady  Copper  Mattes.  R.  R. 
Moore.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  C,  1010: 
\-.:,    pp.)      20c. 

13.220— HYDRO.METALLUGY— Wei  Meth- 
od for  Copper  t^)res.  A.  Van  Zwaluwenburg. 
(Mines  and  Mc(li..ds,  Jnlv.  1910;  21.'.  pp.) 
20c. 

13.221  .\IIA.\II  COI'I'IOR  (' O  .\1  1' ,\  N  Y-^ 
Prog)-ess  of  the  Miann  Construction.  .T. 
Parke  Channing.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ., 
Aug.    13.    1910;    3V,    pp.,    illus.)      20c. 

1.3,222— MINNESOTA— Keweennwan  Cop- 
tier  Deposits.  Frank  F.  (Jront.  (Ecnn.  Geol., 
Jnly-Aug.,   1010:  r,%   pp.)     OOe. 

1.3.223  NEVADA- The  Yerington  Dlslrlcl. 
C.  S.  Durand.  (Mines  and  Miner.als,  .\ug., 
1910;  1    p..  illus.)     20c. 

1.3.224  OT'EBEC  On  llx'  Copper  Mining 
Industry  in  (Quebec.  Alfi-ed  W.  G.  Wilson. 
(Snmniarv  Report.  Mines  Ilr.ancli.  Can.  Dept. 
of  Mines,   for  1000;   13  pp.) 

1,3.22.')— ROASTING     l.el.cdcll- I'onieraiizelt- 


Ofen.  O.  Lellep.  (Metallurgie.  June  .s.  1910; 
3   pp.)      40c. 

13.220- SMELTERY— The  Yampa  Smeltery 
at  Bingham.  L.  A.  Palmer.  (Mines  and 
Minerals,  .ing..  1910;  4I4   pp..  illus.  1     2()c. 

13,227— SPAIN— The  Pyritii-  Deposits  of 
Huelva,  Spain,  Part  II.  A.  .Moncrieff  Fin- 
layson.  (Econ.  Geol.,  Jnly-Aug..  1910;  .35 
pp.,  illus.)  Includes  a  bibliography  of  geo- 
logical   works.      (lOc. 

13,228-  TAILINGS  DISPOSAL— The  Calu- 
met &  Hecla  Sand  Wheels.  C.  L.  C.  Fichtel. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Jnlv  ,30,  1010;  li;,  pp., 
illus.)     20c. 

GOL,D    AND     SILVER 

1.3,220— AMALGAMATION.  Algernon  Del 
Mar.  (Pacific  Miner,  July.  1910;  414  pp.) 
20c. 

1.3,230— AUSTRALIA— Notes  on  the  Geol- 
ogy of  Mt.  Morgan  Mine.  .T.  M.  Newmaa 
and  a.  F.  C.  Brown.  (Aust.  Min.  Stand., 
June  1.-),   1010;   l';,   pp.)     40c. 

1.3,2.31— BRITISH  COLUMBIA— Rambler- 
Cariboo  Mine.  Slocan,  B.  C.  E.  Jacobs. 
(Can.  Min.  Journ.,  July  15,  1910:  IM  pp.) 
20c. 

13.2.32— CHLORINE— Electrolytic  Chlorine 
nt  JIt.  Jlorgan.  Queensland.  B.  Du  Faur. 
i.\ust.  Min.  Stand..  June  22,  1010;  2V4  pp., 
illus.)  Paper  before  Australasian  Inst,  of 
Min.    Engrs.     40c. 

13.2.3.3— COJIMERCIAL  USES  OF  SILVER. 
Lawrence  Irwell.  (Metal  Ind.,  Aug.,  1910; 
3    pp.,    illus.)      20c. 

1,3,2.34— CYANIDE  POISONING  and  Anti- 
dotes. C.  H.  WoodrulT.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ., 
Aug.,    1910;    1    p.)      2()c. 

13.2,33— CYANIDE  PRACTICE  at  the  Com- 
pallia  Minera  de  los  Reyes.  .Vrthur  F. 
Flynt.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ.,  Aug..  liHO;  414 
pp.,   illus.)      20c. 

13.236— CYANIDE  PRACTICE  at  the  Dolo- 
res Mines  in  Mexico.  W.  H.  Paul.  (Bull., 
Colo.  Sch.  of  Mines.  May.  1910;  3Vj  ppl     OIV. 

1.3.2:i7— CYANIDE  SOLUTION  TEST  at  the 
Oeston  Colorado  Plant.  J.  E.  Cleniiell. 
(.Mex.  Min.  Journ.,  Aug..  1910:  1%   Pli.l     2()c. 

13.2.38 — CYANIDING— A  Discussion  of 
Some  Continuous  Processes  for  th,"  Cy.iaide 
Treatment  of  Silver-Gold  Ores.  H.  A.  .Me- 
graw.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ.,  Aug.,  1910;  :i% 
pp..   illus.)     20c. 

13,2.30-  CYANIDING  —Ammonia  -  Cyanida- 
tion  and  the  Complex  Zinc  Problem.  l>. 
Mosher.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ.,  Aug.,  1010;  4'.. 
pp..   illus.)     20c. 

13.240 — CYA.VIDING — Arsenic  in  the  Zinc- 
Boxes.  T.  E.  Leiner.  (Pacific  Miner.  July, 
1910;   14   p..  illus.)     20c. 

13.241-  CV.WIDING— Commercial  Cyanide. 
Ralston  Bell.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  July 
30.   1010;   1   p.)      20c. 

13.242— CYANIDING— Electricity  in  Cya- 
nide Plants.  Gustavo  Lolio.  (Mex.  Min. 
Joiirii..   Aug..   1010:  3  pp.,   illus.)      20c. 

13.243  CY.\N1DING— Experiments  on  the 
Precipitation  of  Gold  from  Cy.anide  Solnlion 
bv  Carbon  in  Lime.  Edward  H.  Croglian. 
I  Journ.  Chem..  Met.  and  Min.  Soe  So.  .\fr.. 
May.  1910;  2'{.  pp.)     (SOc. 

13.244  —  CYANIDING  ^  Reconstruction  of 
the  .\ngustias  Cyanide  Mill.  Herbert  A. 
.*  egraw.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  13, 
1010;  2  pp.,  illus.)     20c. 

13.245  CYANIDING- The  Chemistry  of 
the  Cyanide  Process,  W.  11.  Seanion.  (Mex. 
Min.  Journ.,  Aug.,  1010;   IVj   pp.)     20c. 

13.24(1-  CY.\N1DING— The  Dynamii'S  of 
the  Cyanide  I'rocess.  .Tohn  JI.  Ni'ol.  (Mex. 
.Min.  jonrn.,  Aug.,  1910;  n«.  pp.,  illus.)     20e. 

13'>47- CYANIDING— The  Tnauguradon  of 
tbe'cvanlde  Era  in  the  Parral  District. 
ItiMiiard  MacDonald.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ., 
Aug..   1910;  5  pp.,  illus.)     20c. 

13 ''48— CYjVNIDTNG-  The  Loreto  Cyanide 
Plaiit  of  the  Cin.  Real  Del  Monte  y  Pacliiicii. 
Julius  Burggrof.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ..  Aug., 
1910;   2   pp.,   illus.)      20c. 


September  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEfiRIKG   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


489 


i:i.24!l— CYAXIDIXi;— The  Moore  Filter  at 
Sail  Uiifuel.  \V.  S.  Keiris.  (Mex.  Miu. 
.i.iini..  AiiK..  ll'ltl;   -"/4   pp..   illus.)     L'Oe. 

i;:.L'ril)-  ('YAMI)IN«i  -Tlipdiy  of  tlie  Dis- 
solution of  .Metals  l).v  (-'yaniili'.  .1.  H.  Stuart. 
i.Miu.  and  Sol.  Press,  Au;;.  i;,  I'.'lii;  I'-j  pp.i 
'.'"'■. 

\::j:A-  1i1!KI)i;K  TIip  l-'iulilius;  Suction 
Iin'ilf,'i'.  .loliii  Itoid.  (rroc.  Kns-'rs'.  Club  of 
I'hila..   .lul.v.    I'.Plli;    ITli   pp.,    inns. I      40c. 

]:.:jr)2'  l)l!Kl)(;iN(i— Cold  liredKins  in  the 
i:.ii  I.ertiin  Iiistrli-t.  ISo.  Afr.  Min.  Journ., 
.Inly  2,   mill;  J'-l.  pp.,  ilUis.l     20e. 

i:'..i-i:i  FINK  (;!:iMiIN(i— The  Tube-Mill 
,'iri-uit  Mini  Ciasslliiatiiin.  (i.  O.  Smart. 
I.luuni..  Chein.,  .Met.  and  .Min.  Soe.  So.  Afr., 
.May.  mill;  4'!  pp..  iliiis.i  Oiseussiou  on 
imper  previousl.v   iiide\etl.     (Kle. 

i:;.ri4-IIYI)RAri,lC  .M  1  N I X<i— Use  of  By- 
w.iter  Supply  for  Hydraulic  Mining.  Den- 
nis H.  Stov'l.  (Min.  and  Sci.  I'ress.  .luly 
-■;,   miCl;   I'l    Id'-,   illus. 1     L'lic. 

i;;.J.w— HYD1;AI'L1CK1N<;  in  Trinity 
I'i'untv.  California.  I.\iin.  and  Sci.  I'ress, 
Inly   ;!(!,   mill;   1   p.)      ;;(li'. 

i:i.i".(i  MEXICO— Conditions  at  the  I'al- 
ndlla  .Mine,  rarral,  .Mexico.  I'ranlilin  W. 
Smith.  ilOn;;.  and  Min.  .lourn.,  .Vu^'.  (i,  11110; 
:''i    pp.,  illus.  I     20c. 

\::.-Si'-  .MEXlCli— The  Calabai-iilas  Mine, 
'  hiliuahua.  liush  T.  Sill.  llOny.  and  Min. 
1    inn.,  Aug.   L'O,   1010;   %   p.,  illus.)     200. 

i;;.2.WMlLI,  -The  Xew  Portland  Mill  at 
Victor,  Colorado.  \Vard  Kdgerton.  IMin. 
Sel..  ,Iuly  2N,   mill;  2^14   pp.,   illus. I     20c. 

i:!.2,T,l-.Mn.LIX(;  of  l.cad-Silver  Ore— III. 
i.clasio  Caetani.  (Min.  Mai;.,  .Inly,  1010;  8 
■,']'.    illus.  I      (!0c. 

i:;2i;o  .VKVADA  Ccoiouy  and  Ore  Depos- 
it of  the  (ioldlicid  Disirict,  .Nevada,  Part 
I  I  F.  1-.  Halisonie.  iF.ion.  (Jeol.,  ,Tuly- 
\nL'..    imO;    .■>,21.i    pp..    illus.)      (Klc. 

i:'.2:i  .Ni;\V  MK.X  ICO— .Mining  Activities 
m  Sierra  County.  N.  .M.  B.  Leatherbee. 
lEng.  nud  Min.  .Tourn.,  Aug.  lH,  1010;  %  p.) 
."Oe. 

i:!,2(!2- OXTAKTf)  (leolocy  of  the  Poreu- 
•dne  Cold  Fields  IU'liiiiMl.  Alex.  Cray. 
iMIn.    Wld.,    Auk.    i:i,    mill;    -I'ii    PP-.    illus.) 

;op. 

rVicit- OXTARIO— I,es  Ut'Rions  .\rgenti- 
'^res    du     Nord     de    la     Province    d'Ontario, 

iiiadn.  10.  Dulieux.  l.Vnii.  dcs  Mines.  Vol. 
Wll,   Xo.  4,   mio;   4;i</j   pp.) 

,....,.,)  oNT.MtIO  Ni>tes  on  the  Cenlofry 
if  the  Porcupine  District.  iKn^'.  and  Min. 
lourn..  .\Ui.'.  211.  miO;  I  p.,  illus. 1  Map  of 
be  district  accompanied  by  brief  geolog- 
eal    notes.     20c. 

l.^'.'Ci-tJXTAUlo-The  Ccdd  District  of 
iVabigoou  Lake,  Ontario.  U.  B.  Brinsmade. 
Min.   Wld.,   Aug.  I!,   llilO;   2   pp.,   illus.)      2nc. 

l.t.2(i(i— ORE  TREATMENT  at  the  Rio 
Plata  Mining  Company.  11.  W.  IMniimson. 
iMex.  .Min.  .lourn.,  Aug.,  I'.Plii:  1%  pp.,  illus.) 
.'Oe. 

1».2(57— PLACER  MINIXG— Mobility  in 
I'lacer  .Mining,  .lobn  P.  lluttdiins.  i.Min. 
Mag.,  .luly,    miO;   7   pp.,   illus.)      40c. 

lX2r.S-R.\Xl)— Metallurgy  on  the  Rand. 
Horace  (i.  Xicdiols.  iMin.  Mag.,  .luly,  lUlO; 
I  pp..   illus.  I     4llc. 

13,20,1  RAXD  .MINE  RETIRXS.  with  Spe- 
■lal  Refcrenc**  tu  the  .New  Fatlionrige  Sys- 
em.  \V.  W.  Mciii.  I.Iourn.  So.  .\fr.  Assn. 
"■   Kngrs..    May-.Iune,    lOll);    :!(l  pp.  1    $1. 

,270     Ro.VSTIXC     at     Kaigoorlie.       IMln. 
"I    Sel.    I'ress.    .lulv    !).    t'llii:    2    p|i..    illus. 1 
Mistract     from     "•I'lie    <;old     Mines     of     West 
Vustralia."      2iic. 

13,271-  SLl.ME  TKEA'l'.MIONT  al  I  lie  Santa 
^'ntalla  Mill.  Coo|ier  Sliapley.  lEng.  and 
Viin.  .Tourn..  Aug.  20,  mill;  1".,  iii).,  illus,) 
:n: 

13,272— SLIME  TREAT.MENT  The  Treat- 
nellt  of  .\ccuinulateil  Slime,  .nnl  llie  I'se  of 
•Titer  Presses  for  Clarifvlng  Slime  Solution 
ind  Byproducts.  .lolin  I).  O'llara.  I.Iourn. 
'hem.,  '-et.  and  Min.  Soc,  So.  .\fr.,  Mav. 
litlO;  P^  pp.,  illus.)  Discussion  on  paper 
irevlonsiy    indexed.     OOc. 

13.'27:!-  SOITII  DAKOTA  The  Black  Hills 
•f  South  Dakota.  Wllliain  II.  Storn-s. 
Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  ,lulv  2:!  and  ."0,  lillO; 
'  pp..  illus.)     40i'. 

l'..274  I'TAH— The  Ophir  Mining  District 
■f  rtah.  C.  r.  C.acsl  and  c,  A.  Keep. 
,  Salt  Lake  Min.  Rev.,  .lulv  :'.0,  lOIli;  .■■,■-'•,  pp.. 
|HU8.)     20c. 

IKON    AM>    STKKL 

1 -.27.-1  .\i;i;LOMERATION  of  Manganlf- 
loiis  Limonite  onv  F.  Wltte.  lEiig.  and 
Min,  .lonrn..  .Inlv  :!i).  ipiii:  11.,  pp.  |'i,,s  ) 
\brldgcd  translation  of  article 'in  Stahl  u. 
'  I'ieii.    .M.iv     I.    mill.      20.-. 


1:1,270— ALLOYS— Verfahren  zur  Bestim- 
luung  des  Cesamtkobleustoffes  in  Eiseii- 
legierungen.  F.  \>  iist.  (.Metallurgie.  .lune 
S,  litlO;  2  pp.)     40e. 

13,277  .\I  ST R1A-HI'N<;.\RY— Die  Elsen- 
und  Stalilerzengung  \oii  oesterreiiii-lugarn 
im  Iciztcn  .lahrzehnt.  (Stahl  u.  Elseu,  .May 
IS,   mill;  214   pp.,   illus.)     4(lc. 

13.27.S— BLA.ST  FIRXACK— Xew  Plant  and 
Blast  Furnace  of  lie  .No;iiiwesteru  Iron  Co., 
.\iayville.  Wis.  ilnin  Tr.  Rev.,  .luly  2S, 
1910;  4%   |)ii.,   illus.)     20c. 

13,27!i  BLAST  FIRXACK  CUARCIXti— 
The  .Mechanical  Charging  of  Blast  Furnaces. 
Edgar  ,1.  W.  Kiciiards  and  Thomas  Lewis. 
iCan.  Mill.  .Tourn..  .inlv  1,-|,  1!)10;  Sy,  pp., 
iii-.is.i  .\listi:ici  of  paper  before  Cleveland 
(England)    liistn.   of   Engrs.     'JOe. 

l:;,2S0  BL.vST  ITUNAI'E  <iAS  —  leber 
Ver.suche  rationcllcr  llocl.orcn.  Kcsscllieizung 
und  Heschreibnug  cines  .\ulom:itisi-ii  wirken- 
d'.'M  Oasltrciiii;i]ipar;,tc's  oei  dcr  Iliittenin- 
dustrie.  (lustav  Oelwein.  lOest.  Zeit.  f.  B. 
u.  II.,  .Inly  ',1  and  10.  1010;  s  pp..  illus.) 
Experiments  on  a  rational  manner  of  using 
blast-furnace  gas  for  healing  liollers  and 
description  of  an  automatic-  gas  liurner.     (iOc. 

l.i,2Sl  -  BL.VST-FrRNACE  SL.\<!  -  I'cbcr 
den  Wert  inikroskopisclier  rntersuchuiigen 
fiir  die  Beurlcilniig  von  Hochofenschlacke. 
II.  I'assow.  iSlalil  u.  Eisen,  June  l."i,  1!)UI ; 
4  pp.,  illus.  I     411c. 

i:i,2,S2— BLOW  IXC  EXCIXE.S-  The  Econ- 
omy of  .  arious  n  orkiiig  .Methods  of  Driv- 
ing Blowing  Engine's  in  Steel  Works,  Mau- 
ritz.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  .luly  22, 
miO;  1%  pp.,  illus. I  .\bstract  of  paper  be- 
fore Internat.  Congress  of  Mining,  Metal- 
lurgy, etc-.,  at   Diisseidorf.     40c 

1,3,2S4— BRUn'KTTIXti- Der  gegenwartlge 
Stand  dcr  Elscncnz- lirikettierung  und  -Ag- 
glomcriernng  111  lieiitscliiand.  <i.  Franke. 
jStald  11.  Eiscn.  .lune  22.  lillO;  :',\1,  pp.)  Dis- 
cusses the  various  processes  for  "briiiuetling 
iron  ores,  spent  pyrites.  Hue  dust,  con- 
verter dust,  mill  cinder,  and  otiier  similar 
residues  to  render  llicm  lit  for  the  blast 
furnace.      40c. 

I'i.'iffi  CAN.VDA  Invcsligation  of  Re- 
ported Iron  Ore  Oc-currcnces  in  the  Prov- 
inces of  Ontario.  Quebec,  and  New  Bruns- 
wick. B.  I".  Ilaanel.  (Snminarv  Report, 
.Mines  Branch.  Can.  Dept.  of  Mines,  for  1909; 
7Vo   pp.  I 

13,280— CAST  IROX  .VXD  STEEL— Ver- 
suche  mit  I'erro-'l'itan-Tlicnnit  und  niedrlg- 
prozentigein  Icrrct-'i'itan  fiir  Ousseisen  und 
Stahiforingnss.  Lconliard  Treuheit.  (Stahl 
n.  Eiscn.  .Inly  13,  I'.ilO;  9  pp.,  illus.)  Ex- 
periments to  ascertain  whether  cast  iron 
and  cast  steel  will  attain  ;i  liigli  temperature 
in  c.-isting  and  a  greater  strength  liy  an  ad- 
mixture of  ferro-titaniuiu-thermlte  or  fcrro- 
.  titanium.     4llc-. 

13,2S7  COI'PER-CI.AD  STEEL:  Its  .Met- 
allurgy, properties,  and  I'ses.  Wirt  Tassin. 
(Chem.  Engr.,  .Tiily,  1910;  r,%  pp.,  illus.) 
Paper  presented  l)efore  .\ni.  Soc.  for  Testing 
Materials.      4()e. 

1.3,2.'4S--C()Rl!OSION  of  Iron  Embc.ldc.d  in 
Concrete,  (iuy  F.  SbalTer.  lEiig.  R,>c..  .Tulv 
:10,  1910;  1-:,  |ip..  illus.)  Results  of  .-i  series 
of    tests    at    the    .Mass.    Inst,    of    Tecdinology. 

i:!,2.S9-  ELEC'IRIC  SMELTlXti  of  Iron 
Ore  at  Hcroult.  Cal  .1.  Tyssowski.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .lourn..  .Vug.  0.  miO;  :i  pp..  Illus) 
2l)e. 

i:!.29ll  ELECTRIC  SMELTINd  r.dier  die 
Theoretiscbe  iind  Praktiscdle  Itcdcutnng  des 
elektrlscdieii  Hoc-hofcns.  C.-irl  Brisker. 
(St.iiil  11.  Eiscn.  Tune  22  .1910;  .--ry,  pp.i  c,,). 
cnlallons  on  Ihc  clieuiistry  of  the  rednc'lion 
process  t.aken  from  iiracticc  at  Domarfvet, 
Sweden.     40c. 

1.3.291  —  ELECTRIC  SMI'.I.TINC  Cdier 
Strom-  und  Spaniiniigs\c»riialtnisse  Im  elck- 
trisclien  Ofeii.  Walter  Conrad.  I  Stahl  u. 
Eisen.  .lune  22.  lii'il:  4''i  pp.,  illus. 1  Treats 
of  current  and  tension  conditions  In  the  elec- 
tric   furnace.     40c. 


reber 


den 


13.292  ELECTRIC  STEEL  ,,■..,-,  ocii 
heutigen  Stand  dcr  Eli'ktrostahiverfahren. 
B.  Xeuniann.  I  Stahl  u.  Els<>n.  ,Iune  22.  1910; 
12    pp..    illus.)      40c-. 

I3.'J9:i-  FERRO-TITAXirM— The  Ise  of 
FerroTH.-inlnni  In  Bessemer  Halls.  P.  11. 
Dudlev.  Mourn.  Ind.  and  Eng.  Cheni.,  ,luly, 
1910;  r,:y,    pp.,    illus.)      (iOe. 

13.291  FIREBRICK-reber  die  Wandlung 
In  del-  /,tisan>Mie"setziing  feuci-restc-r  si<-Im". 
Blaaberg.  iSlahl  u.  Elseu.  ,lune  '22.  1910; 
4-'Vi  pp.1  Author  investigates  the  causes  of 
the  slagging  of  (ire-)iroof  bricks  and  gives 
analyses  of  the  intact  portion  and  the 
slagged  crust.     40c. 

13,29.')  FOrXDKV  Coke  for  Foundry  Pur- 
fioses.      I-].    L.    Rliead.      I  Engineering.  .Inly    1.1. 


1910;  1%  pp.)  Paper  before  Brit.  F'dymcus 
.\ssn.     40c. 

l.i,29(;— ForXDRY  PRACTICE— I'elicr  den 
Heutigen  Stand  des  Cie.sereiwesens  in 
Dcutschland.  C.  Irreslierger.  iStahl  u. 
Eisen,  .Inly  i:i,  1910;  0  pp..  lllus.)     40c. 

i:i,297-  IXDIA — On  Some  Iron  Ores  of 
Chanda,  Central  Provim-cs.  P.  X.  Datta. 
iKec.,  (ieol.  Surv.  of  India,  .May,  1910;  4  pp.) 

13.29S  IRO.N  OCCIRRKNCES  in  the  East- 
ern Half  of  Hie  rii'ted  States.  lEng.  and 
Min.  .Tourn.,  ,luly  :il),  1910;  l?;!  pp..  illus.) 
.Map  showing  the  distriliution  of  iron  ore. 
20e. 

1 '.299— MARTIN  FCRXACE  Neucre  kon- 
struktive  Verbesserungen  an  Martincifen.  O. 
Friedrich.  i.stalii  u.  I-Msen,  ,Iune  l."».  1910; 
11'%  pp.,  illus. I  Paiier  read  at  the  Interna- 
tional Congress  for  .Mining,  .Metallurgy,  etc., 
describing  latest  inipi-o\('iiients  in  the  cou- 
stru<'tion  of  Martin  furnaces  with  a  view  to 
prolonging  their  lives.     40c. 

l.'!,:',00  XOVA  SCOTIA— Iron  Ores  and 
Metallurgic-al  Limestones  of  Xova  Scotia. 
.1.  E.  Woodmrni.  iSnmni.-irv  Report,  .Mines 
Branch,  Can.  Dept.  of  .Mines,  for  1909;  2% 
pp.) 

1,3.,301  —  OPEX-HEARTH  FIRNACES  — 
Teller  die  Verwendung  dcr  versc-hiedenen 
Casarten  znm  Bclrieli  von  lleid.ll'en  und 
ibren  Einlluss  anf  die  IJualitiit  dcr  Ei-zeug- 
nisse.  Terpitz.  (Stahl  u.  Eiscn,  ,lune  lo, 
1910;  31/^  pp.)  Paper  before  Internat.  Con- 
gress of  .Alining,  Jletallurgy,  etc.,  at  Diissei- 
dorf.    40e. 

13,.302— QUEBEC —Iron  Ore  Deposits  of  the 
Bristol  .Mine,  Pontine  County,  (Juebec.  E. 
Lindem.-in.  iDept.  of  .Mim-s.  Canada  .Mines 
Brancli,  Bull.  2,  1910;  11  pp.,  illns.i  Inc-Iudes 
a  description  of  the  magnetic-  c-onc-entratlon 
of   Bristol  ores,   by   C,   C.   Mac-kenzie. 

1.3..30.3— ROLLIXt!  MILLS  Konstrucktive 
Xeuerungen  an  Walzcnstrasen  im  letzten 
.lahrzehnt.  H.  Ortmann.  IStahl  u.  Eisen, 
.lune  l.'j,  1910;  22  pp.,  illns.i  I-ajier  liefore 
International  Congress  of  Mining,  Metal- 
lurgy,  etc.     40c. 

i:i.:'.(14- RUSSIA- Ilochofcn  im  Ural.  O. 
Ilohl.  (Stahl  u.  Eisen.  May  IS,  1910;  7i..  pp.. 
illus.)     40c. 

13,.303— SHEET  IRON  AND  SHEET  TIX— 
Das  Walzen  von  Fein-  und  Weisslileclien. 
W.  Kramer.  IStahl  u.  Eisen,  .luly  (i,  1910; 
8  pp,,  illus.)     40c-. 

1.3..',()ii —SHEET  TIX— Ueber  Weissbleeher- 
zeugung.  B.  Clement.  (Staid  u.  Eisen,  .Tulv 
C,   1910;   10  pp..   illns.i      4()c. 

13.:!l)7-SL.-V(;— Verwertnng 
schlacken  zu  Ptlastersteinen 
Knaff.  (Stahl  u.  Eisen,  .M.-iv 
40c-. 

13.:!0S— V.V.XADTUM  in  Cast  Iron.  C.  L. 
Norris.  (Iron  .Age,  .uig.  I.  1910;  1  |i.i  From 
a  paper  before  New  England  F'dvnien's  Assn. 
20c. 

LEAD,     ZINC,     AXI)     OTilKK     .MKTALS 

i::.:^09  AUSEXIC— Apparatus  for  the  De- 
termination of  Arsenic.  Otis  I).  Swett. 
(.lourn.  Am.  Chem.  Soe.,  .\ug..  1910;  3  pp., 
Illus.)     SOc. 

i::.310  .MAXtJAXESE  A  Colorimi4ric-  De- 
termination of  Manganese  in  the  Presence 
of  Iron.  M.  R.  Sc-bmidt.  i.IcMirn.,  Am. 
('hem.    Soc.   .\ug..    1910;   s   pp.,    illus.)     SOc. 

13,311  -^  M.\X(iAXESE  --  Investigation  of 
Some  M.-inganese  Ore  Deposits  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia and  New  Brunswic-k.  1  Summary  Report, 
.Mines  Branch,  Can.  Dept.  of  .Mines,  for  moO ; 
'<%    pp.1 

l.'t,:il2— MAXtiAXESE- The  Russian  Man- 
ganese Industry  and  Its  Regulation.  E,  de 
TTautplek.  iMIr.  .Tcuii-n.,  .lulv  23,  loiii;  1  p.  1 
•TO-.  ■  ' 

13.313— XICKEL  AND  COBALT  Estima- 
tion of  Xii-kel  and  Cobalt.  C.  W.  Badglev. 
I  West.  Chc-ni.  and  Met..  .lulv,  19Hi;  3'.,  pp., 
Illns.i     .SOc-. 

i:i.314— XICKEL  AXD  COBALT  The  Pro- 
duction of  Alloys  of  Nickel  and  Cobalt  with 
<  iiromiuin.  i:i«-ood  llavncs.  ilron  Tr.  Rev., 
-Vug.  4.  1910;  :;  pp.,  Illus  I  Paper  before  Am. 
cneiii.  .Soc..  .luiy   k;.   iciio.     '200. 

13.31.T-X1CKET.  .Mining  and  Smelting 
Plant  of  Mond  Xlckcl  Company.  (Irani  B. 
Sliliiley.  (Eng.  and  Miu.  .lourn.,  Aug.  20, 
1910;  4  pp.,  Illus.)     ^Oc-. 

13,310  PLATIXUM— Original  Occurrences 
of  Platinum  In  the  T'rals.  E.  de  Hautplc-k. 
I.MIn.  .Tourn..  ,TuIy  :tO,  1910;  1    p.)     40c. 

13.317  TIX  MINIXO  in  Bolivia.  \V.  R. 
Itumbidd.  (Min.  Mag.,  .Tune,  1910;  4  p|)., 
Illus.)     CiOc. 

13.318- TIX-  The  As.say  of  Tin  Ores. 
.Tames  Crav.  (.Tourn.,  Chem..  Met.  and  Min. 
Soe..  So.  .\fr..  May.  1910;  1  p.)  DIsc-usslon 
on   paper  jirevlonsiy   indexed.     COe. 


von  Iloc-hofen- 
und  Bet  on.  A. 
IS.   191(1;  2  pii.) 


490 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  3,  1910. 


i:S.:!l!l- TITAiNH'JI— A  Rnpid  and  Acciirate 
MetbiMl  for  the  ln-termiiiMtioii  of  Titanium. 
O.  L.  Baiiiebe.v  and  U.  II.  Isliani.  I.iouin.. 
Am.   Cliem.    Soc,   Auj.'..   mill:   Ti   pp.)      SUc. 

l.",320— TUNGSTEN  in  San  .Tuan  County. 
Colo.  Warren  C.  Prosser.  lEng.  and  Min. 
Journ..  Aug.  13,   1910;    73   p..    ilUis.l     20i-. 

l.^..^— ZINC—Developmeiit  of  tlie  Hegeler 
Roasting  Furnace.  Otto  Miililliiiuscr.  (Ens. 
and  -Mill.  .lourn.,  Auj;.  i:!.  1010;  %  p. I  Trans- 
lation of  article  in  Zeit.  f.  angew.  Chem.. 
Vol.  XX 111.  p.  :M7.    ;inc. 

13.822— ZINC— Smelting  Briquetted  Ziue 
Ore.  Theodore  J.  Hoover.  lEng.  and  Min. 
Journ..  Aug.  13,  1910;  ly.  pp.)     20c. 

13.323— ZINC  AND  LEAD  in  Arliansas. 
Lucius  L.  Wiftich.  (Mines  and  Minerals, 
Aug.,  1910:  IM;   pp..  ilUis.i    211C. 

NON  METALLIC    MINEB.4LS 

13,324 — BERYL — The  Effect  of  the  Presence 
of  Alkalies  in  Beryl  upon  its  Optical  Proper- 
ties. W.  E.  Ford.  lAm.  .lourn.  Sci.,  Aug.. 
1910;  12M!  pp.,  illus.)     40c. 

13,.325— CEMENT  MATEKIALS  in  Kepuli- 
lican   Valley.    Nebraska.      N.   II.    Darton.      lU. 

5.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  430- F,  1910;  7  pp.,  illus.) 
13.326— DETEKM I  NATION     OF     t  uMMON 

ORES  and  Minerals.  J.  P.  Rowe.  I  Min. 
Wld.,  Aug.  a.  1910;  1%  pp.)  Continuation  of 
article  previously  indexed  dealing  with  ser- 
pentine, strontianite,   sulphur,   talc,  etc.     20c. 

13,327— DIAMONDS— The  Origin  of  the 
German  S.  W.  African  Diamonds.  P.  A. 
Wagner.  (So.  African  Min.  .lourn..  July  2. 
1910;  1  p. I  Paper  before  Geol.  Soc.  of  S.  A., 
June  27,  1910.     40c. 

13..32S — GRANITES — Supplementary  Note 
on  the  Granites  of  New  Hampshire.  T.  Nel- 
son Dale.  (V.  S.  Geol.  Snrv.,  Bull.  4.')0-F, 
1910;  20  pp.) 

1.3,329— GYPSUM— On  the  Gypsum  Re- 
sources of  Nova  Scotia.  W.  F.  .Iciiiiisou. 
(Summary  Report,  Mines  Branch.  Can.  Dept. 
of  Mines.' for  1909;   16M;    pp.) 

13,330— LIMEtTTONE— Oolitic  Limestone  at 
Bowling  Green  and  other  Places  in  Ken- 
tucky. James  II.  Gardner.  (U.  S.  Geol.  Surv., 
Bulh   4:iO-F,   1910;    I!   pp.) 

13  3.311 LIMESTONE — Oolitic  Limestone  at 

stone'  Industrv  at  Bedford  and  Blooniington, 
Ind.  .lohn  A.  I'dden.  lU.  S.  Geol.  Surv., 
Bull.  4.30-F.  1910;   lllV-i   l>p.  1 

1.3.3.32— MICA  ill  the  Black  Hills  of  South 
Dakota.     .lesse    Simmons.      (Min.   Wld..   Aug. 

6,  1910;   21/2   pp..    illus. I      20c. 

13,.3:).3— MINER.\L  PAINTS— The  Produc- 
tion of  Mineral  Paints  In  1909.  Ernest  F. 
Burchard.  (Advance  Chapter  from  Mineral 
Resources  of  the  U.   S..  Calendar  Year  1909; 

i9y2  pp.  I 

13 .3.34-  NITR.VTE  OF  SODA— Assay  of 
Caliche  ore.  Mark  R.  Laiiili.  (iliiies  and 
Methods.  July.  liHO;  2  pp.i     20c. 

1.3,335— NITRATE  OF  SODA  in  a  Texas 
County.  Wm.  B.  Phillips.  (Mfrs.  Rec.  Aug. 
11.  1910;    Mi   P.l      -Oc. 

13.:!:;(1  petroleum— Acquisition  of  Puli- 
lic  oil  Lands.  W.  Forstner.  iJIin.  and  Sci. 
Press.  Aug.  (1.  1910;  2  pp.i  Reviews  the 
former  law  regul.itiiig  the  acciuiring  of  nil 
lands  from  the  Government  and  the  new  law- 
passed  at  the  recent  session  of  Congress. 
20c. 

13.3;i7  —  PETROLEUM  Conditions  Favor- 
able for  Petroleum  I'rospcrtini;.  Gordon 
Surr.      (.Mill.    Wld.,   Aug.    0.    1910;    1    p.i      20c. 

i;i..3.3.S  PETROLEUM  -Geology  and  Pros- 
pects of  oil  in  Western  Prome.  and  Kama, 
ijower  Burma  lim-luding  Namayan,  Padaung, 
Taniigbogvl,  and  Ziaing).  Murray  Stuart. 
(Rec..  (ieol.  Surv.  of.  India.  May.  1910:  11 
pp.,    illus.  1 

13..3:',9- PETHOLET'M— Le  Pftrole  aux 
Indes  Xi'-erlandalses.  M.  Clement.  (Ann.  des 
Mines.  Vol.  XVll.  No.  4,  1910;  48  pp.,  illiis.) 

13.:mo  -PETROLEUM — Some  Notes  on  the 
Historv  of  Petroleiini.  Gordon  Surr.  (Min. 
Wld..  Aug.   13.   1910;  1';',   pp.1      20c. 

13,:i41— PETROLEUM  The  Northern  Part 
of  the  Yeiiangvat  Oiltield.  G.  deP.  Cotter. 
(Rec,  Geol.  Surv.  of  India.  May.  1910;  .T  pp.. 
illus.) 

13.342— PETROLEUM  The  Oilfields  of 
Mexico.  II.  S.  Denuv.  (Min.  Mag..  July. 
1910;  .">  pp..   illus.  I      4l)c. 

13..343-- PETltoLEUM— The  Russian  I'etro- 
leiini  Industry  of  Today.  (T'clnil.  Rr'v,. 
July  30,  1910;  ly,   pp.)     40c. 

13.:i44  — PHOSPHATES  New  Methods  for 
the  .\nalvsis  of  Commercial  Phosphates. 
Jidin  M.  Wilkie.  (Joiirn.,  Soc.  Clieiii.  Ind., 
July    I,''..    1910;    3y,    pp.1 

I3,:M.'i     SLATE— I'ench  I'.olloiu  Slate  Depos- 


its. Peunsvlvania.  Edward  G.  W.  Ferguson. 
I  Min.  Wld.,  July  .3(1.  1910;  l-Ib  pp..  illus.) 
2(i<'. 

i:;,34(j— SLATES  of  Arkansas.  A.  II.  Pur- 
due. lU.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  4:',(I-F.  1910; 
15  pp.,  illus.) 

13.347 — .TRIPOLI — Note  sur  les  Gisements 
de  Tripoli  (Kieselguhr)  en  France  et  en  Al- 
leiuagne.  C.  Schmidt.  (Ann.  des  Mines,  Vol. 
XVII.    No.    4,   1910;    loVi    pp.,    illus. I 

ECONO.MIC    GEOLOGY— GENER.\1, 

1.3.:;4S—AL(;ERIA— Etude  sur  les  Gise- 
ments Metallif&res  de  I'Algerie  ( .Minerals 
.\utres  Que  Ceux  du  Fen.  M.  Dussert. 
(Ann.  des  .Mines.  Vol.  XVII,  No.  2.  1909;  115 
pp..  illus.  t  Continuation  of  article  pre- 
viously indexed. 

l.!,349— CALIFORNIA— Minerals  from  the 
Pegmatite  Veins  of  Rineon.  San  Diego  Co.. 
California.  Austin  P.  Rogers.  (Sch.  of 
Mines  (juart.,  April,  1910;  Si/j  pp..  illus.) 
COc. 

13.330— DIAMOND  DRILLING— Mehr  Dia- 
mantbohruiigen.  W.  Petrascheek.  (Oest. 
Zeit.  f.  B.  u.  H.,  June  l.S,  1910;  2  pp.)  The 
author  pleads  for  a  more  extensive  use  of 
the  diamond  drill  iustead  of  churn  drilling 
iu  Austria  from  a  geologist's  point  of  view. 
40e. 

13,,^51— GLACIAL  LAKES  and  their  Rela- 
tion to  Mining.  Arthur  Lakes.  (Min.  Wld., 
July   10,  1910;  2  pp.,   illus.)      20c. 

i:i..3o3— ORE  DEPOSITION  — Criteria  of 
Downwai-d  Sulphide  Enrichment.  lEcon. 
Geol.,  July-Aug.,  1910;  liya  pp.,  illus.)  Dis- 
I'ussion  of  paper  by  F.  L.  Rausome  previ- 
ously indexed.     00c. 

13..354— ^aOPLACEMENT  OF  RHYOLITE 
PtIRPHYUY  by  Stephanite  and  Chalcopy- 
rite  at  Leadville.  Clarence  N.  Fenner.  (Sch. 
of  Mines  Quart..  Apr.,  1910;  6  pp..  illus.  i  60c. 
13.355  —  SECONDARY  ENRICHMENT  — 
Economics  of  Secondary  Enrichmeut — II.  A. 
M.  Finlavson.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  July  23, 
1910:    3   lip.) 

MINING      GENEBAIi 

1.3,356— ACCOINTING— Rand  Gold  Mining 
Accounts- XI.  G.  W.  Tait.  (So.  African 
Min.  Journ.,  July  10,  1910;  1  p.)  Continua- 
tion of  article  previously   indexed.     40c. 

13.,357— ALASKA— History  of  Mining  in 
Alaska.  D.  A.  McDonald.  (Pacific  Miner, 
July.  1910;  3  pp.,  illus.)  Continuation  of 
article   jireviously    indexed.     20c. 

13. :t."iS— ALASKA  —  Mining  at  Shungnak, 
Alaska.  Lewis  Llovd.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
July  23,  1910;  1  p.,  illus.)     20e. 

13.,359— ALASKA— Outfitting  for  Alaska. 
(Paciflc  Miner,  July,  1910;  2%  pp..  illus.) 
20c. 

13,360— ALASKA— The  Mining  Industry  in 
1909.  Alfred  H.  Brooks.  (U.  S.  Geol.  Surv., 
Bull.   442-A.   1910;   20  pp.) 

I.!.:i61  -BRITISH  COLUMBIA  MINES  and 
Minerals.  E.  Jacobs.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ..  Aug.  6.  1910;  I'A  pp.)  Details  of 
production  and  progress  during  1909.     20c. 

13.;)fi2-  CHILE— Constitucion  de  le  propi- 
edad  iliiiera  en  Chile.  Enrique  Guesalaga 
P.  (Bol.,  Soc.  Nacional  de  Mliieria,  Apr. 
and  May,  1910;  37  pp.) 

13..363— COLORADO— Some  Lessons  to  be 
I'rawu  from  Gilpin  County  Practice.  George 
E.  Collins.  (Bull.,  Colo.  Sch.  of  .Mines.  May, 
1910;  17'!.  pp.1     (iOc. 

13.:)70-  INDEXING— A  Method  of  Indexing 
Engineering  Information.  F.  Lavis.  (Eng. 
Rec,   Aug.    13,    1910;   1%    pp.,    illus.  i      20c 

13..371— MEXICO— The  Southern  Paciflc  of 
Mexico  Railroad.  L.  A.  Waterbury.  (Eng. 
News,   July   2S.    1910;   2   pp..   illus.)      20c. 

13.372— MINE  SAMPLING  — Const.iiit  Er- 
rors In  5Iine  Sampling.  L.  !>.  Rir'ketts. 
(Eng.  and  .Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  13,  1910:  1  p.) 
20c. 

1.3.373  — MINE  SURVEYING  —  .Methods  of 
Mine  Surveving.  W.  II.  Hendricksoii.  lEng. 
and    Min.    .lourn..    .Vug.    6.    1910;    i',    p.l      20c. 

13..374 -•MONTANA  — East  Coeiir  d'.\Iene 
.Mining  District  Montana.  Harry  \.  .Moore. 
(Min.  Wld.,  Aug.  13,  1910;  5i.-,  pp..  illus.) 
20c. 

13.:'.75  -MONTANA— Recent  Developments 
near  Helen.i,  Mont.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ., 
Aug.   20,    1910;    1    p.,   Illus.)      2()c. 

i:<.:!76  —  NEWFOTTNDLAND— The  Jtineral 
Resources  of  Newfoundland.  Brciilon  Sy- 
nions.  (Eng.  anil  .Min.  Joiirii..  .Vug.  20. 
1910:    4    pp..    Illus.)      20c. 

i:!.:!77- SAND-FILLING  PItoCESS  on  the 
Band.  It.  Gascoync.  (Min.  Wld.  Aug.  6. 
1910;    %   p.)      2nc. 


ORE     DRESSING— GENERAL 

13,.3S6— CONCENTRATION— Calculation  of 
Recovery  in  Cbnceiitratiou.  R.  S.  Haudy. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  13,  1910;  1  p.) 
20c. 

1.3..387  —  CONCENTRATION  —  Power  for 
Concentrating  ilill.  F.  C.  Bowman.  (Mines 
and  Minerals,  Aug.,  1910;  %  p.)     20c. 

l.!..i.S.S-  CONCENTRATION  OF  SLIME— I. 
Edwin  \.  Sperrv.  iMin.  and  Sci.  Press, 
Aug.   0,   1910;   4   pii.i      20c. 

13,.3S9— CO.NCENTRATOR— The  Moctezuma 
Concentrator.  Claude  T.  Rice.  (Mines  and 
Methods.    July,    1910;    9Vi    pp.,    illus.  i      20c. 

13,:ffl0— CRUSHING— Some  of  the  Mathe- 
matical Laws  of  Crushing.  A.  W.  Warwick. 
(Min.  Wld.,  July  30,  1910;  2%  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13,:391— EXTRACTION  OP  IRON  from  Ore 
and  Pulp.  W.  C.  Brown.  (Trans.  So.  Afr. 
Inst.  Elec  Engrs.,  May,  1910;  3%  pp..  illus.) 
60c. 

1.3,392— MAGNETIC  CONCENTRATION  of 
Iron  and  Copper-Nickel  Ores.  George  C. 
Mackenzie  (Summary  Report.  Mines  Branch, 
Canada   Dept.   of   Mines,   for  1909;  Si^   pp.) 

13..39:j— SCREENS— Standard  Screen  Series 
for  Laboratory  Testing.  Arthur  O.  Christen- 
sen.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  July  30,  1910; 
1   p.)      20c. 

13,394— TAILING  DAMS  and  Conservation 
of  Mill  Water.  W.  H.  Storms.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  6,  1010;  2^  pp.,  illus.)     20c. 

METALLVRGY— GENERAL 

13,395— ALLOYS— Hardness  Tests  on  Alloys 
of  Nickel  and  Copper  with  Electrolytic  Iron — 
I.  G.  A.  Roush.  (Met.  and  Chem.  Eng., 
Aug..  1910;  3  pp.,   illus.)     40c. 

13.:396  —  CHARCOAL  OVEN  —  A  Simple 
Cliarcoal  Oven  as  Used  in  Chile.  A.  Livings- 
tone Oke.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Aug.  6, 
1910;    %    p.,   illus.)      20c. 

13,397— CHl.MNEY— The  Tapering  Rein- 
forced Concrete  Chimuev.  \V.  F.  Kaehler. 
(Cement  Age.   July.   1910;   4   pp.,   illus.  I     20c. 

1.3..398-  JIETALLOGRAPHY— A  New  Met- 
allographic  Microscope.  William  Campbell. 
(Sch.  of  Mines  (Juart.,  Apr..  1910;  5  pp.. 
illus.)      60c. 

13,399  — PYROMETRY  — The  Recent  Ad- 
vances in  Pyronietr.v.  Robert  S.  '\^' hippie. 
(Engineering,  July  22.  1910;  3  pp..  illus.) 
Paper  before  Birmingham  Met.  Society.     40c. 


MINING     AND     METALLURGICAL 
CHINERY 


MA- 


13,400— BELT  CONVEYERS  for  Handling 
Crushed  Stone.  (Eng.  Rec,  Aug.  6,  1910:  1 
p.,   illus.)      20c. 

1.3.401- ELECTRIC  FUR  XA,CES— Elemen- 
tary Principles  of  the  Designing  and  Pro- 
portioning of  Electrical  Furnaces.  Carl 
Hering.  (Met.  and  Chem.  Eng.,  Aug..  1910; 
214   pp.)     40c. 

13,402— ELECTRIC  POWER  in  the  Con- 
struction of  the  I..OS  .Vngeles  Aqueduct.  E. 
P.  Scattergood.  1  Proc.  A.  I.  E.  E..  Aug., 
1910;   12%   pp..   illus.  I 

13,403— GAS  ENGINE  PLANTS,  Utilizing 
Waste  Heat  from.  J.  T.  Faig.  (Iron  Age, 
Aug.  4.  1910:  1  ])..  lllus.l  Paper  before  Nat. 
Gas  and  Gasolene  Engine  Trades  Assn.     20c. 

13.404— GAS  PL.\NTS— Suction  Gas  Plants 
in  Western  Australia.  -M.  von  Bermnvitz. 
(Min.   Journ..   July   .30,   1910;  2  pp.)     40c. 

13.40.".— (!AS  PRODUCERS— J.  Hofniann. 
..ron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev..  July  22.  1910;  :i  pp.. 
illus.)  Abstract  of  paper  before  Intermit. 
Congress  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy  at  Diis- 
seldorf. 

13.406— GAS  PRODUCERS— T'eber  Gaser- 
zeuger.  J.  Ilofm.-i nil.  iStalil  u.  Eisen.  June 
15,  1910;  14  p))..  illus. I  Descrilies  the  evolu- 
tion of  gas  producers  and  the  latest  experi- 
ences galiH'd  with  the  application  of  slcani 
and   low-graile  fuel.     40c. 

1:!.4(I7  HVDROELECTTtIC  DEVELOP- 
MENT of  the  Arizona  Power  Company.  R. 
S.  Masson.  (Eng.  Rec,  Aug.  20.  1910;  3  pp., 
illus.)      20c. 

13.40.S  —  LOCOMOTIVES  —  Gasolene  Mine 
Locomotives.  (Mines  and  Minerals.  Aug., 
1910;    ly,    pp..   illus.  I      20c. 

13  409 — OIL  ENGINE — De  T.a  Vergne  Oil 
Engine  at  Florence  Plant  of  United  Oil  Com- 
p.aiiv.  John  Sjiai'kc  iWest.  Chem.  and  Met., 
July.   1910;   6   pp..   illus.)      .SOc. 

13  llii  IM^WER  CONSUMPTION — Rodnc- 
Ing  Peak  Loads.  Fninklill  P.  Wood.  (Min. 
Sci..  Aug.  4.  1910;  :t  pp.,  Illus.)  Describes 
use  of  Ihwiieel  lo  store  energy  wlicn  de- 
mand Is  light  and  give  it  out  as  occasion 
reitnires.      20c. 


September  3,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


491 


CHEMICALS,  MINERALS,  RARE  EARTHS,  ETC CURRENT  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 


ABRASIVES— 

Carbons. cooil  drill  quality,  caratS50.00®75. 00 
Carboriinduin,    f.o.b.    Niagara 

Kails,  powd lb.  0.8 

Grains "  .  10@  .  17 

Corundum "  .07®  .  10 

Crushed   Steel,   f.o.b.    Pitts- 
burg  "  .051®. 0» 

Emery,    in     kegs;    Turkisli 

flour! "  .01}®. 02 

Grains "  .03i@.04 

Naxos  flour "  .01}@.02 

Grains "  .034®.  04 

Chester  llour "  .01*®  .02 

Grains "  .03i@.04 

Peekskill        flour,       f.o.b. 

Eastiin,  Pa "  .011@.01i 

Grains,  in  kegs "  .02}®. 03 

Garnel.  per  quality,  .sh.  ton.  25.00@35.00 
Pumice  8tone,  .\m. Powd. ,100 lb.   1.60®2.00 
Italian,  powdered,  .per  lb.  .01j®.01} 
Lump,  per  quality..       "  .03i®.30 
Rottenstone,  ground..       "  .02®. 04 
Lump,  per  quality..       "  .05®. 20 
Rogue ,_per  quality  .. .      "  .05®. 30 
Steel    Emery,    f.o.b.    Pitts- 
burg        "  .07i®.07J 

ACIDS— 

Acetic  28% lb.  OJ 

Boric "  .07 

Hydrofluoric,  30% "  .023@.03i 

48% '•  .06 

52% "  .06i 

60% "  10 

Hydrochloric  acid,  20°  per  100  1b.  1 .25®1 .50 

Nitric  acid.  36°  to  40°.    per  lb.  .03i®  04i 

Sulpliuric  acid.  50°,  bulk  per  ton.  S12  up 

60°,   100  lb.  in  carboys.  .85@1.12i 

60°,  bulk,  ton 16.00@18.00 

66°,  100  lb.  in  carboys.  1.00@1.10 

66°,  bulk,  ton 18.00 

Oxalic per  lb.  .07J@.07J 

ALCOHOI,— Grain  95%, gal.  2.52@2.55 

Denatured .". . .    "  .42 

Refined  wood, 95 @97%...    "  .52®. 57 

ALVM— Lump 100  1b.  SI.  75 

Ground "  1 .  85 

Chrome  Alum "  .04i@.05 

ALIMIMM— Sulphate,  com'l.  lb.  1.50@2.00 

AMMOXIA— 24  deg.  lb "  .04i@.05i 

26  deg.  lb "  .04}®. 05} 

AMMOXIIM— 

Bromide lb.  .2>< 

Carbonate "  .08@.08f 

Muriate  grain "  .05i@.06i 

Lump "  .09}®.09J 

Sulphate,  100  1b "  2.75®3.00 

Sulpho-cyanide  com "  .25 

''             "       chern.  pure .  "  .3.'> 

ANTIMONY— needle,  lump.    lb.  .04i®.05 

Oxiile "  .07}®. OK 

AKSEMC-white "  .02} 

Red,  Outside  brands "  .06i®.07 

Saxony "  .07@.07i 

ASPHALTUM— 

Barbadoes per  ton.  80.00@120.00 

West  Indies "  30.00@60.00 

Egyptian lb.  .2o@.30 

Gilsonite.  Utah  ordinary  per  ton.  32.00@40.00 

Trinidad "  20 .  00@.30 .  00 

California per  ton.  25.00@30.00 

BAR  11  M— 

Carli    Lump.  80@90%.lg.  ton.  26.00@35.00 

Precipitated,  96@98%    "  33.00@35.00 

Powik'ri'd.  natural lb.  .02®. 02} 

Chloride  cmii'l ton.  32.00®35.00 

Nitrate  poivdered,  in  casks.  .lb.  .05®  .06i 

Blanc  Fixe,  dry,  bbl   ..   per  lb.  .02}®. 04 
BARYTES— 

Am.  Ground sh.  ton.  12. 00®  15. 00 

Floated "  17  00@19.00 

Foreign  Boated "  20.00@23.00 

BLEACHING  POWDER— 35% 

1(X)  lb 1.20@1.25 

OLl'E  VITRIOI.,— (copper  sul- 
phate), carload,  per  100  lb.  4.00@4,25 

BONE  ASH lb.  .02}®. 04 

BORAX,  sacks "  .  03  j  ®  .  05 

CALCIl'M- Acetate.gray.lOOlb.  2.00@2.05 
Carbide,  ton  lots  fob.   Niag- 
ara Falls    N.  y..  for  Jersey 

City,  N.  J sh.  ton.  65.00 

Chloride,  f.o.b.  N.  Y  . .       "  11.00@14.10 

CEMENT— Slag  cement..  .    bbl.  .75@1.25 

Portland.  Am.  500  lb "  1.50®1.6O 

Foreign "  2. 25® 2.  90 

"Rosendale,"  300  lb "  .85 

(in  sacks) "  .65 

CHROME   ORE— 

New  Caledonia   50%   ex.   ship 

N.  Y per  Ig.   ton.  14.00@16.00 

Bricks,  f.o.b.  Pittsburg,  per  M.  175.00 
CLAY,  CHINA — Am.    common 

ex-dock,  N.  Y ton.  8.00@9.00 

Foreiim   "  11.50@1S.(10 

•  ORALT— ()xlrt-> lb.  .,SO(.i  .s.-, 


COPPER.AS— Bulk 100  1b.  SO.  55 

In  bbls '•  .65®. 80 

In  bags "  .60®. 75 

CRYOLITE  (carload) lb.  .06i@.07 

FELDSPAR— Ground,  .sh.  ton.  6. 00®  14. 00 

FIRE   BRICK— 

.\merican per  M.  30.00@40.00 

Imported •'  30.00@45.00 

St.  Louis "  16.00 

Extra "  20.00@23.00 

Special  extra "  30.00@35.00 

FIRE  CL.AY— F.o.b.  St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis, extra quality.per ton.  5.00 

ordinary.  ..."  2.50 

FLIORSPAR— 

Domestic  f.o.b.  Pitt-sburg: 

Lump ton.  8.00@10.00 

Ground "  12.00@14.00 

Foreign  crude  ex.  dock.       "  8.50 

FILLER'S  EARTH— Lump,  1001b.     .80@.85 

Powdered "  .80@.85 

GRAPHITE- Ceylon. 

Flying  dust,  finest  to  best .  ..lb.  .02@.04 

Dust ■•  .02}®. 05 

Chip "  .04®  .08 

Lump '•  .05i@.12 

Large  lump "  .08i@.10i 

GYPSCM— 

Fertilizer sh.  ton.  5.00 

Ground "  4.00@7.00 

INFISOIIIAL  EARTH— 

Ground  Am.  Best lb.  .01}®  .021 

German "  .  02}  ® .  021 

LEAD— Acetate(sugar  ofjbrown, 

lb.  .07}@.09i 

.Nitrate,  com'l "  .08} 

M.1GNESITE— Greece. 

Crude  (95%) Ig.  ton.  7.50®S.50 

Calcined,  powdered sh.  ton.  26.00®37.00 

Brick,  domes,  per  qual.  f.o.b. 

Pittsburg  M.  160@200 

MAGNESIUM— 

Chloride,  com'l 100  lb.  .90@1.25 

Sulphate  (Epsom  salt).. 100  lb.  .90@1.00 
M.AXGAXESE— 

Foreign,  crude,  powdered: 

70@75%  binoxiile lb.  .01®. 01} 

75@S5%  binoxide "  .01}®  .Oli 

85@90';<,  binoxide "  .Oli®. 04 

90®95%  binoxide "  .06i 

Ore,  80%-S5% sh.  ton.  16.00@32.50 

M.\RBLE— Flour sh.  ton.  7.00@9.00 

MINERAL   WOOL— 

Slag,  ordinary sh.  ton.  19.00 

Selected "  25.00 

Rock,  ordinary "  32.00 

MOXAZITE   S.\ND— 

Guar.  97%,  with  5%  Thorium 

oxide,  normal lb.  .08  and  up 

NICKEI-— 

Oxide,  crude,  lb.  (77%)  for  fine 

metal  contained .47 

Sulpliate.  .single lb.  .10}®.  11 

Sulphate,  double "  .05}(S).08 

NITR.VTE  OF  SODA— 

1001b. 95% 2.10 

957o  for  1910 2.12i@2.15 

96%  is  24@7ic.  higher  per  100  lb. 

OZOKERITE— best lb.  .14®.  17 

PAINTS  AND  COLORS— 

Litharge,  .\rr.  powdered lb.  .  05}  Co) .  06} 

English  glassmakers' "  .0S|®  .09} 

Lithoplione "  .034®. 07 

Metallic,  brown sh.  ton  16.50C«j3O.00 

Red "  14.00@18.00 

Ocher.  Am.  common. . .       "  10.()0(">15.00 

Best "  12  O0ri5)15.0O 

Dutch,  washed lb.  .02}®  .03 

French,  washed    "  .01}®. 02 

Paris  green,  pure,  bulk "  .  174(al .  204 

Red  lead.  American "  .  064  @  .  07 

Foreign "  .08}®  .09} 

Turpentine,  spirits  bbl..  per  gal.  .  734 

White  lead.  Am.,  dry lb.  .05}®  .06} 

.■\merican,  in  oil "  .07®  .07} 

Foreign,  in  oil "  .09®. 09} 

Zinc  white.  Am.  extra  dry. .  "  .05}®. 06} 

French. proc's.redseal.dry  "  .074®. 08 
French .  process,  green  seal, 

dry ••  .10®.  10} 

PHOSPH.ATES— Acid 55®60c.  per  unit 

♦Fla.,   liani  rock  77% i'..00(rf.fi..-,o 

land  pebble  68% 3.7.5(a.4.00 

tTcnn.,  78®80% 5.00(<u5..50 

■75% 4.75((«5.00 

68®  72% 4.  25®  4.  50 

{So.  Car.  land  rock  60% 3 .  50® 4 .  00 

•F.o.b.  Florida  or  Georgia  ports.  tF.o.b.  Mt. 
Pelasant.     lOn  vessel  Ashley  River,  S.  C. 


POTASSIIM— 

Bicarbonate  crystal lb.  S.078 

Powdered  or  granulated. .  "  .04 

Bichromate,  Am "  .071®. 08 

Scotch : "  ■  .10} 

Bromide "  .20 

Carbonate  (80®85%) "  .034®. 04} 

(iaustic,  ordinary "  .03}^  .05} 

Elect.  (90%  KOH) "  .05}®  .06 

Chloride  (muriate).  100  lb  . .  1 .90 

Chlorate,  powdered "  .084®. 094 

Crystals "  .09®. 09} 

Cyanide  (9S@99%) 

Carloads  (30,000  lb.) "  18c. 

5-ton  lots 184c. 

Less  than  5  tons .19 

Kainite,  long  ton,  bulk,  7.50:  bags,  9.25 

Permanganate lb.  .09}®.  104 

Prussiate,  yellow "  .13®.  13} 

Red "  .29®. 32 

Sulphate  (basis 90% ). .  .100 lb.  2.18@2.21 
PYRITE— 

Domestic,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  f.o.b.  R.  R per  unit.  ll®114e. 

Domestic,    non-arsenical,    fines. 

per  unit,  f.o.b.  mines 10}@llc. 

Imported,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  ex-ship,  per  unit .  124®  .  13 

Imported,  arsenical.furnace  size, 

ex-ship,  per  unit .  12@i .  12J 

Imported  fines,arsenical,ex-ship, 

per  unit .09®  .094 

Imported    fines,    non-arsenica'., 

ex-ship,  per  unit I04@llc. 

Pyrite  prices  are  per  unit  of  .sulphur.  A  deduc- 
tion of  25c.  per  ton  is  made  when  ore  for  fiiniacc 
Is  delivered  m  large  lumps. 

SALT— N.  Y.  com.  fine  280  lb.  bbl.  .72®1. 13 

N.  Y.  agricultural sh.  ton.  3.80®4.50 

SALTPETER— Crude. . .  100  lb.  4.00@4.50 

Refined,  crystals "  5.00@;5.75 

SILICA- 

Ground  quartz.  ord'ry..Ig.  ton  7.00@15.00 

Silex,  ground "  7.00@15.00 

Silex.  floated "  35.00@40.00 

Lump  quartz "  5.00@5.50 

Glass  sand "  2.75 

SILVER— Nitrate. crystals.,  .oz.  .33}®. 36} 

SODIIM— Acetate lb  .044®. 05 

".\lkali."  per  100  lb..  58/48.  .  .  .90®. 95 

Bicarb,  soda,  per  100  lb 1 .00@1  30 

Soda,  caustic,  per  100  It)..  78/60  1 .724@1 .85 

Soda,  caustic,  powdered .02}®  03 

Salt  cake,  per  100  lb.,  bulk .50®. 60 

Salt  cake,  bbl .65®. 86 

Soda,  monohydrate.  per  lb. .  . .  1 .30@1 .75 

Bichromate lb.  .058®.  06} 

Bromide "  .20 

Chlorate,  com'l "  .08}®  094 

Cyanide,  120-130%  KCN,  per  100% 

Carloads  (30.000  lb.) lb.  18c. 

5-ton  lots "  184c. 

Less  than  5  tons "  20 

Hyposulphite.  .\m "  1.30@1  50 

Phosphate 100  lb.  2.10@2.40 

Prussiate '•  .OS4@.09 

Sal  soda,  f.o.b.  N.  \' .  .  .      "  .60®  75 

Foreign,  f.o.b.  N.  y. .      "  .80@1  00 

Silicate,  coin'l "  .65@1  00 

Sulphate,  com'l  (Glauber's  salt) 

100  lb.  .60®. 80 

Sulphate,  com'l.  calcined .65®  85 

STRONTIUM-Nitrate lb.  .07@.08 

Sl'I.PIHR- Louisiana  (prime)  to 

New  York Ig.  ton.  22.00  UD 

To  Boston.  Philadelphia  or 

Baltimore "  22.50  up 

Koll 100  lb.  1.85®2  IS 

g'oi"' v;,- ■••.•■■      ■"  2.00®2.40 

Flowers,  sublimed  ..  .  2.20@2  60 

Powdered  commercial,  bags  i .'  55 
Sicilian,  extra  qual.,  unmixed 
seconds,   crude   brimstone 

to  New  York Ig.  ton.  $22  00 

TERRA  ALB.A—Fr.&Eng.  1001b.         .TOQlloO 

T.ALC— Domestic sh.  ton.  12.00@20  GO 

French "  15.00@2S.00 

Italian,  best "  30.00@40  00 

TIN-Bi-chloride.  50" lb.  10 

Crystals ••  .224®  24 

Oxide,  lb "  .37®  40 

I  RANIIM-Oxide ••  2.20@4  25 

ZINC— Chloride  sol.,  com.  20°  "  .02} 

Chloride,  granular '■  04®  041 

Dust '•  ■            064 

Sulphate "  .02@  .024 

NiiTK — These  quotations  are  for  ordinary 
wholesale  lols  in  New  York  unless  otherwise 
specilii'd.  and  luc  Ktmunlly  subject  to  the 
usual  ti-n<h'  discounts.    In  the  cases  of  some  of 

(In*  iniportiint  mlnri-als.  such  as  phosphate 
rock,  pyriti's  and  sMlphni-.  in  which  Iliero  arc 
well  eslahlislied  markels.  the  quotations  arc 
substantially  repres.'iitiilive.     Ittit  in  the  cases 

of  some  of  Ihf  minor  ininerat  products,  the 
quotations  rcprcsenl  what  dealers  ask  of  <'on- 
suniers  and  not  what  producers  can  realize 
In  sellinj;  their  output  as  a  matter  of  private 
contract. 


492 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING    lOURNAL 


September  3.  1910. 


Mining  and  Metallurgical 


Name  of  Company 
AND    Situation. 


Issued. 


Alaska  Mexican,  g. 
Alaska  Treadwell.  g. 
Alaska  United,  g.  . . 
Amalgamated,  c. .  .  . 
Am.  .Sm.&Ref.,coiii 
Am.  Sm.  &  Ref..pf .  . 
Am.  Smelters,  pf.  A 
Am.  Smelters,  pf.  B. 
Am.  ZincLead&Sm 

Anaconda,  c 

Argonaut,  g 

Arizona  Copper,  pf. 
Arizona  Copper, com 

Atlantic,  c 

Bald  Butte,  g.  s. .  .  , 
Beck  Tunnel,  g.  s.  1. 
Boston  tt  Montana. 
Bull.  Beck.ACIiam.,g 
Bunker  Hill*  Sull, 
Butte  Coalition,  c.s 
Calumet&.\rizona,  c 
Calumet  &  Hecla,  c  . 

Gamp  Bird,  g  s 

Colorado,  1.  s 

Columbus  Con.,  c.  .  . 
Con.  Mercur.,  g.  .  .  . 
Continental,  z.  1. . .  . 
Copper  Range  Con .  . 
Creede  United,  g.  ,  . 
Daly  Judge,  g.  s.  1. . 
Daly  West,  g.  s.  1.  .  . 

De  Lamar,  g.  s 

Doe  Run,  1 

Elkton  Con.,  g 

Kl  Paso,  g 

Fed  M.&  Sm..  com. 
Federal  M  &  S.,  pf.  . 

Findley,  g 

Florence,  g 

Frances-Mohawk,  g . 
Gemini-Keystone. . . 

tlen.  Dev.  Co 

Goldtield  Con.,  g.  .  . 
Grand  Central,g.  . . . 

Granite  g 

Guggenlieim  Expl.  . 

Hecla,  s.  1 

Homestake,  g 

Horn  Silver,  g.s.c.z.l. 

Imperial,  c 

Inter'I  Nickel,  pf.  . . 
Inter'l  Sm.  &  Ref. .  . 
Iron  Blossom,  s.l.  .  . 

Iron  Silver,  s.  1 

Jamison,  g 

Jerry  Johnson,  g.  .  . 

Kendall,  g 

Liberty  Bell,  g.  s.  .  . 
MacNamara,  s.  g.  . . 
Mammoth,  g.  s.  1.  .  . 
Mary  McKlnney.g. . 
May  Day,  g.  s.  1. . .  . 

Mohawk  M.  Co 

Mont.  Ore  Purch .  .  . 
Nevada  Cons.,  c. .  .  . 
Nevada  Hills,  s.g. . . 
New  Century,  z.l .  .  . 
Newhouse  M.  &  S.  c. 

New  Idria,  q 

New  Jersey  Zinc.  .  . 

North  Butte,  c 

North  Star,  g 

Old  Dominion,  c.  .  . 
OldDomin'n.M&Sm. 

Ophir,  g.  s 

OrovilleDredg'gLt.g. 

Osceola,  c 

Parrot,  c.  s 

Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co. 

Portland,  g 

Quartette,  g.  s 

Quincy,  c 

Round  Mountain,  g . 

St.  Joseph.  1 

Shannon,  c 

Silver  King  Co't'n.f. 
Sioux  Con.,s.  1.  g  .  .  . 
Snow  Storm,  eg  .  .  . 
Standard  Con.,  g.s  .  . 
Stratton's  Indenend. 

Swansea,  g.  s.  1 

Tamarack,  c 

Tennessee,  0 

Tomboy,  g.  s 

Tonopah  of  Nev,  s  g. 
Tonopah  Belm't,  s.K. 
Tonopah  Ext'n,  s.  g. 
Tonopah  Midw'y.s.K. 
Uncle  Sam,  g.  s.  1.. . 
United  Cop.  com .  . . 

United,  c.  pf 

United,  z.  1.,  pf 
United  Verde,  c 
T.S.Sm.K.&M.,pf. 
U.S.Sm.K  *M.,cotii. 
U.S.  Red.  A  Ref.  I'f. 
Utah.K.  (Fi.shSp'gs) 

Utah  Con.,  c 

Utah  (Copper 

Victoria,  Utah 

Vindicator  Con.,  g  .  . 

Wolverine,  c 

Work,  g 

Yankee  Con 

Yellow  Aster,  k  .  . . . 
Yukon  Gold,  g 


Alas .... 
Alas  .... 
.\las .... 
Mont .  .  . 
U.S..:. 

U.  S 

U.  S 

U.  S 

Kan  .... 
Mont .  .  . 

Cal 

.\riz  .... 
Ariz  .... 

Mich 

.Mont .  .  . 

Utah 

.Mont .  .  . 
Utah..  ,  . 

Ida 

Mont .  .  . 
At'iz  .... 

Mich 

Colo 

Utali 

Utah 

Utah.... 

Mo 

Mich. .  .  . 
Colo .... 
Utah.... 

Utah 

Ida 

Mo 

Colo .... 
Colo .... 
Idaho. .  . 
Idaho.  .  . 

Colo 

Nev 

Nev 

Utah.... 
U.  S.. . . 
Nev .... 
Utah. . . 
Colo .... 

u.  s 

Idaho. . . 
S.  D... 
Utah..  .  . 
Ariz .... 
N.  Y...  . 
Utah  .  .  . 

Utah 

Colo 

Cal 

Colo 

Mont 

Colo 

Nev 

Utah 

Colo 

Utah 

Mich 

Mont .  .  . 

Nev 

Nev 

Mo 

Utah 

Cal 

U.  S 

Mont .  .  . 

Cal 

Ariz 

Ariz 

Nev 

Cal 

Mich 

Mont .  .  . 

U.  S 

Colo .... 

Nev 

Mich 

Nev 

Mo 

.\riz 

Utah 

Utah 

Ida 

Cal 

Colo 

Utah 

Mich 

Tenn 

Colo 

Nev 

Nev 

Nev 

Nev 

Utah 

Mont 

Mont 

Mo. -Kan. 

Ariz 

U.  S 

u.  s 

Colo 

Utah 

Utah 

Utah 

Utah 

Colo 

M  ich 

Colo 

Utah 

Cal 

U.S.&rnn. 


180,000 
200,000 
180,200 

1,538,879 
500,000 
500,000 
170.000 
300,000 
80,120 

1,200.000 
200,000 

1.266,120 

1,519,896 
100,000 
250,000 

1,000,000 
150.000 
100,000 
327,000 

1,000,000 
200,000 
100,000 
820,000 

1,000,000 
285,540 

1,000,000 

22,000 

384,185 

1,625,000 

300,000 

180.000 

80,000 

65,749 

2.500,000 

2,450.000 

60,000 

120,000 

250,000 

1,050,000 

912,000 

5,000 

260,000 

3,558,36' 
260,000 

1,650.000 
207.933 

1,000,000 
218,400 
400.000 
500,000 
89,126 
100,000 

1,000,000 
500,000 
390,000 

2,500,000 
500.000 
130,551 
728.341 
400,000 

1,309,252 

800,000 

100,000 

80,833 

1,151,200 
746,000 
300,000 
600,000 
100,000 
100,000 
400,000 
250.000 
293.245 
162.000 
201.600 
700.000 
96,150 
229. ssn 
l.l'.i.:;i6 

:<, III  III. Ill  JO 

110,11(10 
110,000 
800.000 

1.000.000 
100,000 

1,250,000 
746,389 

1,500,000 
178,394 

1,000,000 

100.000 

60.000 

200.000 

300.000 

1 .000.000 

1,500,000 
943,433 

1,000,000 

500,000 

450,000 

50,000 

19,5.'>6 

299,027 

351,010 

486.044 

39,4.'")8 

100,000 

300,000 

733,675 

250,000 

1.500.000 
60.000 

1.500,000 

1,000,000 
100,000 

3.500.000 


Par 
Val. 


25 
5 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


1 

0.10 

25 

10 

10 

15 

10 

25 

5 

.20 

5 

1 

25 

100 

1 

1 

20 

5 

100 

1 

1 

100 

100 

1 

1 

1 

100 

100 

10 

1 

1 

100 

0.25 

100 

25 

10 

100 

100 

100 

20 

10 

0.10 

5 

5 

1 

50 

1 

0.25 

26 

25 

5.00 

5 

1 

10 

•6 

100 

15 

10 

25 

25 

3 

5 

25 

10 

100 

1 

10 

25 

1 

10 

10 

6 

1 

1 

10 

5 

5 

26 

25 

:.85 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

100 

100 

25 

10 

50 

60 

100 

10 

5 

10 

1 
25 

1 

1 
10 

5 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date. 


,S  2.0.SS,381 

11. .535.000 

739,1311 

61',II40.11.> 

1.^.111)0. Ill  II 


Latest. 


.\ug. 
.\ug. 
-\ug. 
Aug. 
luly 


35.000,uou]July 
4.730,000  June 
7,4S2,000'.-;ept. 


360.120 

46.500,000 

1.130,000 

1,290,418 

12,204,916 

990,000 

1,354,648 

675.000 

70,625.000 

2,728.400 

11,933,400 

3,450.000 

11,300,000 

112,050,000 


6,766,6.10 
2,210.000 

226,832 
3,385,313 

231,000 
9,989,406 

214,053 

225,000 
6,201, OOOiJillv 

835,200iSept. 
2,349,751  June 


July 

.\pr. 

Nov. 

.\pr. 

July 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

July 

July 

.\ug. 

.Sept. 

June 

June 


Oct. 
June 
Oct. 
Dec. 
Oct. 
Julv 
July 
.Apr 


-Aug. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

.Sept . 

Sept. 

.\pr. 

Jan. 

.\ug. 

Mar. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Dec 


2,591.960 
1,389,045 
2,708,750 
6,801,250 

337,500 

735,000 

546,000 

2,000,000 

2,639,000 

11,027,076 

1,331,250 

247.000 

10.010,492iJuly 

::!,030,000  Aug. 

25,792,040  Aug. 

5,642,000  Sept. 

300.000|June 
4,.S91,945|.\ug. 

950.000 L-^ept . 

620,000'june 
4,250,000  .\pr 

370,500  " 

100,000 
1,275,000 

228,353 

40.213 

2,220,000 


Jan. 
Dec. 
Oct. 
June 
.May 
Mar. 


891,363  June 


108,000 
2,060,000 
9,437,274 
2,157,900 

373,000 

216.000;Oct. 

SOO.OOOLSept 

l,260,000:july 

12,000,000!.May 

8,K0O,00O|.Mar. 


Sept. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Sept. 

Dec. 


'86.999 
1,440,658 
1,225,500 
1,816,360 
1.383.036 
8.958.650 
6.807,649 

7.638,88:; 

-6,617,080 

375,000 

19. 192, .500 

292,650 

7,058,35 

450,000 

1,669, .88 

7  23.073 

9N2.."iO{) 

5,327,92 

5,395,86, 

329„500 

9,420,000 

2,306,250 

2.473,500 

6,0,"i0,000 

600,000 

283,030 

250,000 

340.000 

6,962,500 

1,500,000 

312,782 


2,807.2.52 
6,826,011 
I.005..-i(ll 

323,000 
6,900.000 
3,811,106 

182.000 
2.137  .')00 

5,7oanoo 

172,500 

182.500 

958,789 

1.400.000 


Sept. 

Jan. 

July 

May 

Dec. 

July 

Sept. 

June 

Julv 

July 

Sept. 

June 

June 

July 

Jan. 

Apr. 

.\UK. 

Jan. 
Apr. 
Mar. 
Julv 
Dec. 
June 
July 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
.\ug. 
May 
Jan. 
June 
.Apr. 
.\pr. 
Oct. 
Feb. 
Jan. 
.Sept. 
Dec. 
July 
lit 
July 
Jan. 
.Aug. 
June 


■ic 

'10 

•10 

'10 

■10 

'10 

•10 

•10 

•10 

'10 

•09 

•10 

'10 

'05 

'07 

'07 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'10 

'10 

■10 

■09 

'10 

'07 

'06 

•OS 

'10 

'06 

'07 

'10 

'06 

•10 

'10 

'10 

•09 

•10 

'06 

'10 

'08 

•0' 

•10 

■10 

•09 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'O 

'0' 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'09 

'08 

'09 

'10 

■08 

'10 

•08 

•10 

•0' 

■10 

■07 

■09 

■0 

•10 

•08 

■10 

■10 

•10 

•10 

■08 

■09 

'10 

■07 

■10 

■10 

'0' 

'10 

•10 

'10 

'0- 

'10 

'10 

•10 

•10 

•10 

•07 

'07 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'0' 

'06 

'07 

'09 

'07 

'07 

'08 

'10 

•10 

•10 

'07 

•09 

•10 

•10 

■119 

'10 

'09 

'OS 

'07 

'07 

■10 


.Amt. 


SO.  30 
1.00 
0.10 
0.50 
1.00 
1.75 
1.50 
1.25 
0.50 
0.50 
0.20 
0.04- 
0.30 
0.02 
0.04 
0.02 
4.00 
0.10 
0.30 
0.25 
1.00 
7.00 
0.24 
0.08 
0.20 
0.02. 
0.25 
1.00 
OOOi 
0.37* 
0.30 
0.24 
1.60 
O.OLi 
0.01 
1.60 
1.75 
0.01 
0.10 
0.06 

10.00 
1  .00 
0.50 
0.04 
0.01 
2.50 
0.02 
0.50 
0.05 
0.20 
1.50 
2.00 
0.06 
0.10 
0.02 
0.01 
0.02 
0.16 
0.02* 
0.05 
0.01 
0.014 
1.00 

16.00 
0,37* 
0.  10' 
0.01 
0.50 
0.30 
4.00 
0.50 
0.40 
0.50 
0.25 
0.10 
0.12* 
4.00" 
0.25 
2.50 
0.02 
0.20 
1.25 
0.04 
0.15 
0.50 
0.15 
0.04 
0.01  '. 
0.75' 
0 .  50 
0 .  05 
4  .  00 
1  .  25 
0.48 
0.40 
0.10 
0.16 
0 .  05 
0  02 
1,75 
3.00 
0.50 
0.75 
0.S7J 
0 .  50 
1.50 
0.02 
0 .  50 
0.76 
0.02 
0.03 
5.011 
0  (II 
(1.03 
0 .  20 
0    10 


Coal,  Iron  and  Other  Industrials — United  States 


Name  of  Company 

AND    SiTU.iTION. 


.AUis-Chalmers,  pf 
Amer.  Ag.Chem.,  pf. 
.American  Cement .  . 
-American  Coal.  .  .  .  , 
Bethlehem  Steel,  pf . 

Cambria  Steel 

Central  C.  &  C,  com. 
Central  C.  &  C.,pf... 
Col.&Hock.C.&I.,pf. 
Consolidated  Coal.  . 
Consolidation  Coal.. 
Crucible  Steel,  pf. .  . 
Empires.  &  I.,pf..  . 

Fairmont  Coal 

General  Chem.,  com. 
General  Chem.,  pf .  . 
International  Salt .  . 
Jeff.&Cl'f  C.&I.,cm. 
Jeff.  &Cl'fC.  &I.,pf. 

Kern  River  Oil 

Lehigh  Coal  &  Nav. . 
Maryland  Coal,  pf. . 
Monon.  R.  Coal.pf. . 
Nat.  Carbon,  com.  . 
Nat.  Carbon,  pf .  .  .  . 
National  Lead,  com. 
National  Lead.pf. . . 
Nat'l  Steel*  Wire  ,pf. 
New  Central  Coal..  . 
New  River  Coal,  pf.. 
Pacific  Coast  Borax . 

Peerless  Oil 

Penna.  Salt 

Penna.  Steel,  pf .  .  .  . 
Pliila.  Gas,  com.  .  .  . 

Phila.  Gas,  pf 

Pittsburg  Coal,  pf .  . 
PiHaliontasC.C,  pf.t 
rcir.iirtasC.C,  cm.f. 
K.-piiblic  l.&S.,pf.. 
Slo.ss-Shetheld,  com. 
Sloss-Sheffleld.  pf. . . 

Standard  Oil 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  com.  . 
Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  pf .  .  . 
Texas&Pacific  Coal . 
LTni.  Metals  Selling. . 
U.S.  Steel  Corp..  cm. 
U.  S.  Steel  Corp..pf . 
Va  Carolina  Cli..pf. 

Warwick  I.  &  S 

Westmoreland  Coal. 


U.  S 

U.  S 

Penn 

Md 

Penn 

Penn 

.Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ill 

Md 

Penn 

N.J 

W.  Va .  .  . 

u.  s 

u.  s 

Penn 

Penn 

Penn .  .  .  . 

Cal 

Penn 

Md 

Penn 

U.  S 

U.  S 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Md 

W.  Va .  .  . 

Cal 

Cal 

Penn 

Penn 

Penn 

Penn 

Penn 

W.  Va. .  . 
W.  Va .  .  . 

Ill 

Ala 

Ala 

U.  S 

Tenn 

Tenn 

Texas.  .  .  . 

U.  S 

U.  S 

U.  S 

U.  S 

U.  S 

Penn 


Issued. 


161,500 

181,530 

200,000 

50,000 

150,000 

900,000 

51,250 

18,750 

69,244 

50,000 

190,247 

244,365 

25,000 

120,000 

74,103 

100,000 

182,280 

15,000 

15,000 

20.000 

382.260 

18,850 

100,000 

65,000 

45,000 

206,554 

243,676 

25,778 

50,000 

37,617 

19,000 

92,000 

60,000 

166,000 

664,800 

120,000 

297,010 

28,000 

45,000 

204,169 

100,000 

67,000 

970,000 

225,536 

2,840 

23,940 

50,000 

.083.025 

.602.811 

180,000 

148,671 

60,000 


Par 

Val. 


$100 

100 

10 

25 

100 

50 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
60 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
20 
100 
100 
10 
60 
100 
50 
50 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 

100 
10 
50 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date. 


$3,108,875 

2,836,800 

1.388,000 

2,647,18' 

900,000 

10,585,000 

2,690,625 

1,479,999 

691,550 

350,000 

.rl7, 591,510 

9,102,596 

1,008,033 

1,980,000 

z3, 464,313 

7,155,000 

911,400 

330,000 

1,012,500 

84,000 

^18,26S,900 

2,061,122 

2,324.000 

715,000 

3,071,259 

4,3.86,015 

19,956,007 

631.561 

390,000 

451,405 

2,086,500 

711,000 

15,098,000 

8,662,600 

*24,264.600 

2,850,000 

12,177,187 

336,000 

t406,800 

9,620.294 

2,508,000 

4.57.'.  1110 

697, 41'L', 1100 

3.583.060 

390,040 

1,747,620 

6,875,000 

116,387,717 

269,414,620 

16,140,.S69 

572,340 

8,880,000 


July  '04 

Apr.  '10 

Sept.  '09 

Jan.  '10 

Jan.  '09 

.Sept.  '10 

Oct.  '10 

Dec.  '06 

Aug.  '05 


Latest. 


D'ate. 


Feb. 

.Apr. 

July 

.Sept. 

Nov. 

May 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Oct. 


.Aug. 
July 
Aug. 

June  '09 

July  '08 

Apr.  '08 

Nov.  '08 

Oct.  '10 

.Sept.  '10 

May  '06 

Nov.  '08 

Nov.  '08 

Aug.  '05 

June  'OS 

Oct.  '08 

Nov.  '08 

Feb.  '09 

Sept.  '08 

July  '10 

July  '09 

Oct.  '08 

Oct.  '10 

Sept.  '10 

Julv  '10 

•S-pt.  '10 

Nov.  '07 

Nov.  '07 

Apr.  '09 

Jan.  '09 

.'^ept.  '10 

Aug.  '10 

July  '10 

May  '10 

Oct.  '08 


Amt. 


SI. 75 
3.00 
0.  10 
0.75 
0.75 
0.62i 
1.50 
1.25 


50 
00 
50 
50 
60 
00 
25 
50 
00 
00 
50 
18 
OO 
50 
50 
00 
75 
75 
75 
1  75 
0.40 
1.50 
1  00 
0.06 
3.00 
3.50 
0.75 
1  25 
1.25 
3.00 
3.00 
1.75 
1.25 
1.75 
6.00 
1.00 
2.00 


0.30 
2.50 


*Since  IS94.  tSince  1907.  tSince  1890.     iStock  div.  $6,130,000  Mar.  '09. 
!/.Stock  div.  82.866,950  Jan.  '10.     s.Stock  div.  10  per  cent.  .Mar.  '10. 


Canada,  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America 


Name  of  Company 

and     SiTU.iTION. 


.Aniistad  y  Concordia 

Batiipilas 

Biitisli  Columbia,  c. 

BulTalo,  s 

Butters^  Salvador,  g. 
Cobalt  Central,  s  .  .  . 

Coniagas 

Consolidated  M.  &  S. 
Crowds  Nest  Pass. .  . 
Crown  Reserve,  s. . . 

Dolores,  g.  s 

Dominion  Coal,  com. 
Dominion  Coal,  pf . . 
Dos  Estrellas,  g.s . . . 

El  Oro,  g.s 

Esperanza.  s.g 

Granby  Con  

Greene  Con.  Copper. 

Guanajuato 

Guanajuato  D.,  pf.s. 
Hodley  Gold,  K.  .  .  . 
Hinds  Con.,  g.s.c.l.. . 

Kerr  Lake,  s 

La  Rose  Con.,  s. .  .  , 

I.e  Roi.  Ltd.,  g 

I.e  Roi  No.  2,  g 

Lucky  Tiger-Com..g. 
M  c  K  in  ley-Darragh  .s 
Mcx.  Con.  M.&S.  Co. 
Mex.  Mill.&Trans.pf. 
Mines  Co.  of  Am  .  .  . 
N.  Y.  &  Ilond.  Ros. 

Nipissing,  s 

N.S.St.&Coal.com. 
N.S.St.  &  Coal.pf.  . 

Pefioles 

PeregrinaM.A- M.,pf. 

Pinguico,  pf.  s 

Reco,  g.s.l 

Right  of  WayMinest 

Kin  Plata      

Serurities  Corp.,  pf.. 
Silver  Queen,  s  .  . . 
Teuiiskaming,  s.  .  . . 
Teni.&  Hud.  liay.s. 
Teziutlan  Copper. .  . 

Tilt  Cove,  c 

Trethewey.  s 

Tvee.  c 


Mex  .  .  .  . 

Mex 

B.  C... 

Ont 

Salv  .  . .  . 

Ont 

Ont 

B.  C... 
B.  C... 

Ont 

Mex  .  .  . . 

N.  S 

N.  S.... 
Mex  .  .  . . 
Mex  .  .  . . 
.Mex  .  .  . . 

B.  C 

Mex  .  .  . . 
Mex  .  .  . . 
Mex  .  .  . . 

B.  C 

Mex  .  .  . . 

Ont 

Ont 

B.  C 

B.  C 

Mex    .  . . 

Ont 

Mex 

Mex  .  . . . 
Mex  .  .  . . 

C.  A 

Ont 

N.  S 

N.  S 

Mex  .  .  . . 
Mex  .  .  . . 
Mex  .  .  . . 

B.  C 

Ont 

Mex  .  .  . . 
Mex  .  .  . . 

Ont 

Ont 

Ont 

Mex  .  .  . . 
N.  F. ... 

Ont 

B.  €.... 


Issued. 


9.600 

446.486 

591.709 

.000,000 

150,000 

,000,000 

800,000 

53,552 

160,000 

,750,000 

400,000 

160,000 

50,000 

300,000 

,147,600 

455,000 

135,000 

864,000 

640,000 

10,000 

120,000 

.000.000 

600.000 

,498,407 

200,000 

120,000 

71.'i.ll00 

.247,692 

240,000 

10,500 

.000.000 

150.000 

,200.000 

00.(100 

10,300 

2,500 

10,000 

20,000 

985,000 

,fiS.'>,50ll 

373.137 

2,000 

,500,000 

,500.000 

7.761 

10.000 

4  1,5011 

,000,00(1 

180.000 


Par 

Val 


$  60 

20 

5 

1 

4.85 

1 

6 

100 

26 

1 

5 

100 

100 

0.50 

4.8. 

4.8 

100 

10 

5 

100 

10 

1 

5 

5 

2, 

25 

10 

1 

10 

100 

1 

10 

5 

100 

100 

60 

100 

100 

1 

1.00 

5  ,  00 

100 

1 
1 

1 

100 

9.72 
1 
5 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date.  _ 

$417,070 
t55,870 
236,683 
767 ,000 

2,761,500 
188,460 

1.280.000 
781,886 

2,058,648 

2,1 


Latest. 


Date. 


Apr.  '08 

Dec.  '07 

Sept.  '07 

July  '10 


Aug. 
July 
Nov. 

.Aug. 
Jiilv 


1,(11  I  .sl'ili  .\l]g. 
3. 91  III. Ill  III  Jan. 
3.MI.'.,II0(I  l-rh. 
5.4;>n, 1111(1, Jan. 
7.(12(1. L'^i;  June 
10,17.s..">i)7,Juiie 


Dec 
Mar. 
Oct. 
Julv 
Julv 


3,77s,ii:iii 

6,l>il,10il 

74,250 

244,356 

Ills  ,000 

IIKI.OIKI  I'Cli 
2, 4:iii. 11(111  .-^I'pi, 
1,67N,I11II  .llilv 

425,000  Dec. 
l,lllll,lllliMar. 

7ll,s.7.MI  .\UK. 

Sllll.lll.s  (  1,-|. 

OCiii  (HMil.Mar. 
6.-.,s,-,s  .llllv 
3.si.">.iiii(i,-\iii-'. 
2.9  III. Ill  Id  ."^cpi . 
4,5T.'.iiii(i  June 
1,1  III. -'711, .Ian. 

72  1  .(lll(l'(  Icl. 
■l.,s(il'i.l>S7iDec. 

29:i.6.Mi  .Mar. 

■tL'ii.niKi  .\pr. 

3:iL'.ISL'  Mar. 

3li_'.(iC>3  Apr 

lUL'.CiIll  .llllic 
42.699  Julv 

315,000  Hit. 

525,0(10  Apr. 

l,2SS.:i26  ,liilv 

'Dec. 

318,620  lice. 

461,99s  Dec. 

284.310lAug. 


Amt. 


$1.36 
0.12i 
0.40 

o.os 

0.17J 
0.01 
O.IS 
1.25 
0.25 
0.15 
0.22i 
1.00 
3.50 
0 .  50 
0.36 
0.36 
2.00 
0.40 
0.07 
3.00 
0.30 
0.02 
0.50 
0.10 
0.48 
0.48 
0.05 
0.05 
0.25 
3.00 
0.03 
0.20 
II .  25 
1.(10 
2.00 
(17!  10. 00 
Id!  3.50 
ml  3.00 
06  0.02 
III  0  02 
Kli  0.10 
3.80 
11.03 
0.06 
3.tX) 
1.20 
0.24 
0.15 
0.63 


Divided  previous  to  consolidation.      *$1 ,436,25(1.      t$l  1 .187.51111. 


tSince  reorganization.     JPrevious  to  Jan.  1910,  S324. 644. 


-  i 


THE 


ENGINEERING 


AND 

spa 


MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEE  K  L  Y 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  >%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary -%  London  Office,  6  Boiiverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
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every  instance  ■%.  .\dvertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  go 


SEPTEMBER  lo,  iQio. 


NO.  II 


VIUCULATIU.S    UTATEMUST 
During    liiOS     ire    printed    anil    circulated 
■i34..">00     (o/iir.s     of     TiiK     Kncixeerixo.     and 

MlMN'J    .T(it"l!NAI„ 

Our  circulation  fur  Ani/uit,  l'.)10,  iras  '•i'.Koi'O 
copies, 

Scptcinhrr     3 1 1,(100 

Scptvmhrr    10 9,500 

\anr  xcnt   free   rrt/uhirht,  no   back  numbers. 
FiffurcM  (ire   !iii\   ii'l   ( irciitation. 


Contents 


l->li(<irials  : 

The   Coal    Sti'ike   Situation 

Tile  Kvireaii  of  Mines 

Two  (^\icstions  of   Mine   Management.. 
Losses   in    Millinii   and    Sineltini: 

President    Talt    on    t'onsci-vation    of    Min- 
eral   Lands    

The   Lake   Superior   Mining   Institute.... 

The  Bureau   of  Klines 

Ijov  Price  for  California   oil 

Details  of  I'raetiral   .Mining: 

•Arrangement  for  (iiiiding  a  r>roi> 
Shaft.  ..  .'I'he  Necessit.v  for  Strong 
Itetonators.  .  .  .•Furnace  Citarijing  at 
the  (Jranlj.v  Smeltery.  ...  •Classitier 
for  T'si'  liefore  Concentrators.... 
•The  Mineville  On-  liucket •Plac- 
ing Sills  beneath  Square  Sets  Al- 
read.v  in  Place.  ...  Section  Liner  for 
Lettering     

•Deerlng   Plant    of   American    Zinc.    Lead 
and  SmiMting  (^ompany. 

Evans    ^y.    ftiiskctt 

I>ata  on   the  l)e   Reers  and   Premier   IHa- 
mond    Companies K.    M.    Wrstan 

Drilling    Results    at     South     Lake.    Mine. 
Michigan      

•Settling  T'ine  Dust  at  tile  Copi)er  (Jneen 
Smeltery     <1.    It.    Lvc 

I*etroleuni    in    Venezuela 

•<fOld  Dredges  on   the  Seward  I*enlnsula. 

The  Terry  Core  1  iilll 

Caleditnia    Mining   <'oinpany 

r«e    of    Oxygen    in    Hydraulic    Air    Com- 
pression    <}.    II.    l.antlrcth 

Flue   Dust    rtlllzniion    at    I'itlslmrg. 

I'ittshnrii   f'ltrrcsponilcnrr 

<'oraparison       of       Cyratory       and       .law 
Crushers   ...Il.'l,.    W'lillrnlirni 

•Prnducllon    of    Ammonia    iiy    Synthesis 
Alfrrll    (IraiUnnil: 

Tin  Ore  In   Canada 

i:iplorntlon  of  Contact   Metamorphic  Ore 
Deposits C.    .1.    utrwart 

•The  (Iroenfontein  Tin    Mines. 

/•;.    .1/.    Wrstnn 

Dredging   and    Hydraulic    Mining    in    Vic- 
toria.  l!)n!i    

Miapld      Klectrolytic      Determiiintion      of 
Copper    It.   C.   limner 

Products   of   Crude    pciroleum 

•Coal    Mining    I'atalltiis    In    Belgium. 

^'rcilrrtrk    L.    If  off  man 

Withdrawal    of    I'lah    Land 

'Sjrsiematic     Deyelopment     in      I'itlslmrg 
Seam    /•■.   X.   Kehrllenlirrii 

Illinois  Coal   Operators   Will    Not    Yield.. 

Colliery    Notes    

Personal.    OWtuary.    Societies    and    Tech- 
nicfi  1     S<'hooN 

Kdltortat    Correspondence 

Mining     News 

Markets   

'ninstrnlril. 


4K\ 
41I.T 
4114 
4f(4 

4fl.-| 
407 
4!1- 
4(17 


49S 

.->o,-? 

."lO:! 


.-.04 
.-0(! 
.-.07 

.-.07 

.-.o.>< 

.-.OS 
.-.o.S 

.-on 

.-.IJ 

rA2 


.-.13 
,-.1.-. 
.110 


.-.17 


r.in 

.-.20 

.-.L'l 
.-.24 

r.24 


.'.L'.'i 

.'■.20 

.-|2S 


The  Coal  Strike  Situation 

Greater  progress  has  been  made  during 
the  last  week  toward  a  settlement  of  the 
pending  coal  strikes  than  during  any 
other  week  since  the  troubles  began.  Re- 
ports from  the  Southwest  indicate  that  the 
miners  and  operators  have  come  to  terms 
on  the  basis  of  the  Cincinnati  compro- 
mise with  an  added  proviso  for  arbitra- 
tion in  case  of  any  future  dispute.  Ft 
is  reported  that  the  mines  in  the  South- 
west will  be  opened  at  once,  leaving  the 
details  of  the  contract  to  later  discussion. 

As  regards  the  Illinois  strike,  the  situ- 
ation has  cleared  materially,  terms  of 
agreement,  largely  based  on  the  Peoriade- 
mands,  having  been  tentatively  reached.  If 
the  executive  board  of  the  operators  should 
concur  in  the  agreement,  it  is  likely  that 
work  in  the  Illinois  mines  will  be  resumed 
this  week.  Although  not  entirely  suc- 
cessful, the  Illinois  miners  have  won  a 
good  deal  in  forcing  the  compromise  that 
has  now  been  agreed  upon.  For  this  rea- 
son, John  Walker,  president  of  the  Illi- 
nois unions,  has  greatly  strengthened  his 
position,  and  will  undoubtedly  be  the 
strongest  opponent  of  Mr.  Lewis  when  the 
miners'  convention  occurs  next  year. 
Lewis  and  Walker  have  waged  a  bitter 
warfare,  and  as  the  two  leaders  differ 
widely  in  their  policy  and  in  their  ideas, 
as  well  as  in  their  methods  of  fighting, 
the  future  of  the  Miners'  Union  will  de- 
pend largely  upon  which  of  the  men  is 
indorsed  at  the  next  national  convention. 

The  general  public  has  failed  to  appre- 
ciate the  seriousness  of  the  present  coal 
strike  in  various  fields.  At  no  time  in 
recent  years  have  coal  supplies  been 
smaller  than  at  present.     In  order  to  pre- 


vent a  repetition  of  the  coal  famines  that 
occurred  in  1902-3,  and  again  in  1906,  the 
majority  of  our  mines  will  have  to  work 
steadily  this  winter  and  even  then  certain 
parts  of  the  West  may  lack  fuel. 

We  have  so  often  condemned  these 
biennial  coal  strikes  that  it  seems  almost 
unnecessary  to  repeat  the  expression  of 
our  views.  However,  the  evil  results  in 
certain  sections  from  these  recurrent 
troubles  are  so  evident  and  so  seriousthat 
they  are  hard  to  overlook.  For  several 
years  each  succeeding  strike  has  weak- 
ened the  operators  in  the  Union  field,  and 
proportionately  strengthened  those  in 
nonunion  States. 

In  the  present  Illinois  trouble,  it  may 
safely  be  said  that  politics  has  played 
the  important  part,  and  those  persons  re- 
sponsible for  the  prolonged  suspension 
will  never  know  of  the  acute  suffering 
experienced  by  many  of  the  miners'  fam- 
ilies. It  is  not  that  the  object  sought 
through  a  strike  is  wrong,  but  that  the 
method  of  obtaining  it  is  crude  and  un- 
worthy of  the  present  age.  Compulsory 
arbitration  such  as  exists  in  Canada  and 
other  countries  is  probably  the  solution. 
This  would  force  the  few  who  fatten  on 
the  misery  of  many  to  seek  more  praise- 
worthy lines  of  pursuit. 


The  Bureau  of  Mines 

The  strained  situation  existing  with  re- 
spect to  the  organization  of  the  recently 
created  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines,  regard- 
ing which  we  have  commented  several 
times,  has  been  relieved  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  Dr.  Joseph  A.  Holmes  to  the  di- 
rectorship. With  him  as  the  permanent 
head,   the   plans   for  the   development  of 


494 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


the  new  bureau  can  now  be  laid  out  in  a 
systematic  and  comprehensive  way  and 
the  ship  can  be  steered  through  the  dan- 
gers that  will  threaten  it  in  gaining  itsoff- 
ing  by  a  captain  who  will  realize  that  he 
is  in  charge  for  the  voyage.  There  will 
be  some  strong  currents  to  be  breasted 
and  there  are  some  dangerous  reefs  to 
be  passed,  but  we  are  confident  that  Doc- 
tor Holmes  will  safely  navigate  the 
channel  and  start  upon  a  cruise  that  will 
be  useful  to  our  industry. 

The  appointment  of  Doctor  Holmes 
.-  was  heralded  by  the  daily  press  as  a  re- 
buff to  Secretary  Ballinger.  We  do  not 
believe  that  it  was  intended  to  be  any- 
thing of  that  sort,  but  was  simply  the 
recognition  by  the  President  that  Doctor 
Holmes  was  the  logical  man  for  the  po- 
sition and  was  generally  desired  by  the 
leaders  of  the  mining  industry.  The 
President  has  made  an  appointment  that 
will  be  widely  approved. 


Two    Questions    of  Mine  Manage- 
ment 


We  frequently  encounter,  especially  in 
prospectuses  and  managerial  confidences, 
statements  exemplified  by  the  following: 
In  the  A  B  C  mine  present  developments 
show    5,000,000    tons    of    ore,    of    which 
1,000,000    averages   3    per   cent,    copper, 
but  although  the   remainder  assays   only 
1.5    per    cent.,    the    whole    averages    1.8 
per  cent.,  which  will  yield  a  profit  of — . 
But  no  matter  about  the  estimated  profit. 
The  object  of  our  remarks  is  the  fallacy 
of  such  reasoning.    The  grading  down  of 
rich    ore    does    not    generally    increase 
profits.    Thus  in  the  example  cited  above, 
supposing   a  copper  content   of    1.8  per 
:ent.   just   pays   expenses,   the   averaging 
of  all  the  ore  would  obviously  be  a  poor 
policy,   because   the   profit  that   could   be 
obtained    from   one-fifth    would   be   sacri- 
ficed.    The  four-fifths  averaging  only   1.5 
■^er  cent,   could   not   be   extracted   except 
it  a  loss  and  should  not  be  included  with 
<tie  valuable  resources  of  the  mine. 

There  are  frequently  modifying  condi- 
tions. Thus  some  mines  contain  low- 
grade  ore,  unprofitable  alone,  which  by 
admixture  with  the  high-grade  ore  im- 
proves the  ability  to  smelt  the  latter  and 
therefore  may  oe  extracted  profitably. 
Sometimes  it  may  be  advisable  to  charge 
the  high-grade  ore  with  all  general, 
pumping   and   some  other  expenses   and 


extract  such  low-grade  ore  as  may  be 
won  profitably  minus  those  charges, 
considering  that  when  the  high-grade  ore 
is  gone  the  low-grade  never  can  be  got. 
Often  a  good  deal  of  low-grade  ore  must 
be  broken  down  in  order  to  get  suc- 
cessfully to  the  high-grade  and  then,  of 
course,  such  low-grade  may  be  profitably 
milled. 

But  speaking  generally,  every  part  of 
a  mine  ought  to  stand  on  its  own  merits, 
and  when  the  plan  of  grading  down  profit- 
able ore  with  unprofitable  is  pursued  we 
approach  closely  to  the  fallacy  of  mining 
barren  rock  in  order  to  keep  the  mill 
running. 

Another  idea  of  prevalence  is  that  in 
times  of  high  prices  it  is  best  to  mine  the 
lower  grades  of  ore,  saving  the  higher 
grades  for  hard  times.  There  may  be 
something  in  this  in  so  far  as  plans  may 
be  formulated  to  secure  regularity  of  op- 
erations; but  in  mining  as  in  other  things, 
perhaps  more  so  than  in  some,  time  is 
money,  and  the  more  value  that  can  be 
quickly  converted  into  bank  deposits  the 
richer  will  stockholders  be.  If  all  the 
ore  of  a  mine  be  payable  at  minimum 
price  for  copper,  a  high  price  for  the 
metal  ought  to  stimulate  extraction  of 
the  richest  ore. 

Discussion  of  these  questions,  upon 
which  we  have  but  lightly  touched,  would 
be  useful  in  clarifying  ideas.  Each  one 
has  many  phases  and  many  qualifying 
conditions.     Neither  is  absolutely  simple. 


Special  Brands  of  Spelter 


Special  brands  of  spelter  marketed 
with  the  brass  manufacturers  have  lately 
been  fetching  a  premium  of  25r(/30c.  per 
100  lb.  over  the  price  of  ordinary  prime 
western,  but  now  the  smelters  are  find- 
ing difficulty  in  realizing  so  large  a  prem- 
ium. Some  of  the  smelters  claim  that 
even  at  that  premium  there  has  been  no 
profit  in  the  production  of  special  grades 
of  spelter  under  the  recent  conditions 
of  the  Joplin  ore  market.  It  is  decidedly 
more  difficult  than  formerly  to  obtain  ore 
low  in  lead.  Whereas,  the  smelters  used 
to  guarantee  a  lead  content  of  their  spec- 
ial spelter  of  less  than  0.7  per  cent.,  the 
guarantee  is  now  0.75  per  cent.,  and  it 
is  not  unlikely  that  the  limit  will  be 
raised  to   1  per  cent. 


Conservation  has  been  the  theme  of 
discussion  at  St.  Paul  this  week,  and  con- 
servation as  affecting  the  mining  business 
has  naturally  come  in  for  a  large  share 
of  the  talk.  Elsewhere  in  this  issue  we 
publish  excerpts  from  the  address  of  the 
President.  Upon  several  points  made 
therein  we  shall  comment,  but  this  must 
be  deferred  until  next  week.  However, 
we  make  haste  to  remark  that  his  recom- 
mendation that  the  law  of  the  apex  be 
allowed  to  stand,  just  because  it  has  stood 
for  many  years,  will  not  appeal  favorably 
to  the  more  enlightened  thought. 


Losses  in  Milling  and  Smelting 


Milling  and  metallurgical  practice  is 
full  of  unsuspected  losses.  Many  are 
the  smelters  who  boast  (and  honestly  be- 
lieve) that  they  are  extracting  95  per 
cent,  of  metal,  who  would  change  their 
mind  if  they  could  measure  actually  what 
escapes  from  their  chimneys.  Many  are 
the  millmen  who  opine  that  they  collect 
.ill  of  the  mineral  that  is  possible  and 
rub  their  eyes  when  some  fellow  sets  up 
a  huddle  down  the  gulch  and  regains 
some  of  that  which  has  been  thrown 
away.  Search  for  unsuspected  losses  is 
apt  to  be  fruitful.  It  should  begin  with 
an  accurate  determination  of  the  input 
into  the  works.  Many  a  high  percentage 
of  extraction  is  due  to  an  underweighing, 
or  underassaying  of  the  ore  delivered 
for  treatment. 


We  are  glad  that  George  E.  Roberts 
is  to  return  to  the  directorship  of  the 
mint.  In  his  former  tenure  of  that  posi- 
tion he  was  distinctly  successful  and  he 
now  goes  back  to  it  with  the  additional 
prestige  of  success  in  filling  the  presi- 
dency of  an  important  national  bank. 
The  mint  is  the  market  place  for  a  large 
part  of  the  product  of  the  mining  in- 
dustry, its  refineries  are  important  metal- 
lurgical establishments,  and  its  statistical 
records  are  of  value  to  commerce  and 
finance.  The  President  is  to  be  con- 
gratulated upon  his  persuasion  of  Mr. 
Roberts  to  accept  the  directorship  once 
more. 


A  semi-official  announcement  of  im- 
portance to  silver-lead  mining  interests  of 
British  Columbia  was  made  by  Minister 
of  Mines  William  Templeman  when  he 
stated,  while  at  Nelson.  B.  C,  recently, 
that  the  department  had  decided  to  grant 
;i    further    subsidy    for    lead    production. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


495 


President  Taft  on  Conservation  of  Mineral  Lands 

The    Law    of    the    Apex    Should   Stand;    Recommends    Leasing    Min- 
eral   Rights    Only    in    Government    Coal,    Oil    and    Phosphate  Lands 

WATER  POWER  CONTROL  TO  BE  DECIDED 


In  his  speech  before  the  National  Con- 
servation Congress  at  St.  Paul  on  Sept. 
5,  President  Taft  stated  that  the  time  had 
come  to  call  a  halt  in  the  emotional 
rhapsodies  that  had  been  brought  forth 
about  conservation,  and  he  deprecated 
the  agitation  in  favor  of  the  Federal 
Government  contributing  toward  enter- 
prises that  should  be  undertaken  by 
private  capital,  or  by  the  States.  The 
whole  conservation  movement  if  promoted 
on  these  lines  would  die  for  want  of  prac- 
tical direction.  It  is  recognized  that  there 
has  been  waste  and  that  what  is  left  must 
be  administered  with  care  and  prudence. 
The  practical  question  is  how  this  shall 
be  done  under  existing  law  and  neces- 
sary amendment.  While  the  President 
has  left  open  the  question  of  whether 
water-power  sites  should  be  controlled 
by  the  Federal  or  State  governments,  he 
has  stated  clearly  his  ideas  on  conserva- 
tion as  applied  to  mineral  lands.  His 
remarks  on  this  phase  of  the  subject  are 
quoted  below: 

No  Change  in  Metalliferous  Mineral 
Land  Laws 

"By  mineral  lands  I  mean  those  landj 
bearing  metals,  or  what  are  called  metal- 
liferous minerals.  The  rules  of  owner- 
ship and  disposition  of  these  lands  were 
first  fixed  by  custom  in  the  West,  and 
then  were  embodied  in  the  law,  and  they 
have  worked,  on  the  whole,  so  fairly  and 
well  that  I  do  not  think  it  is  wise  now  to 
attempt  to  change  or  better  them. 

"The  .tpex  theory  of  tracing  title  to  a 
lode  has  led  to  much  litigation  and  dis- 
pute and  ought  not  to  have  become  the 
law,  but  it  is  so  fixed  and  understood  now 
that  the  benefit  to  be  gained  by  a  change 
is  altogether  outweighed  by  the  inconven- 
ience that  would  attend  the  introduction 
of  a  new  system. 

"So.  too,  the  proposal  for  the  Gov- 
ernment to  lease  such  mineral  lands 
and  deposits  and  to  impose  royalties 
might  have  been  in  the  beginning  a  good 
thing,  but  now  that  most  of  the  mineral 
land  has  been  otherwise  disposed  of  it 
would  be  hardly  worth  while  to  assume 
the  embarrassment  of  a  radical  change. 

Coal  Lands  Should  be  Leased 
"The  next  subject,  and  one  most  im- 
portant for  our  consideration,  is  the  dis- 
position of  the  coal  lands  in  the  United 
States  and  in  Alaska.  First,  as  to  those 
in  the  United  States.  At  the  beginning 
of  this  administration  there  were  classified 
coal  lands  amounting  to  5,476,000  acres 
and    there    were    withheld     from     entry 


for  purposes  of  classification  17,867,000 
acres.  Since  that  time  there  have  been 
withdrawn  by  my  order  from  entry  for 
classification  77,648,000  acres,  making  a 
total  withdrawal  of  95,515.000  acres. 
Meantime,  of  the  acres  thus  withdrawn 
11,371,000  have  been  classified  and  found 
not  to  contain  coal  and  have  been  re- 
stored to  agricultural  entry,  and  4,356,000 
acres  have  been  classified  as  coal  lands, 
while  79,788,000  acres  remain  withdrawn 
from  entry  and  await  classification.  In 
addition  336,000  acres  have  been  classified 
as  coal  lands  without  prior  withdrawal, 
thus  increasing  the  classified  coal  lands 
to  10,168,000  acres. 

"I  have  looked  with  some  care  into  a 
report  made  at  the  instance  of  President 
Roosevelt  upon  the' disposition  of  coal 
lands  in  Australia,  Tasmania  and  New 
Zealand.  These  are  peculiarly  mining 
countries,  and  their  experience  ought  to 
be  most  valuable.  In  all  these  countries 
the  method  for  the  disposition  and  open- 
ing of  coal  mines  originally  owned  by  the 
Government  is  by  granting  leasehold, 
and  not  by  granting  an  absolute  title. 
The  terms  of  the  leases  run  all  the  way 
from  20  to  50  years,  while  the 
amount  of  land  which  may  be  leased 
to  any  individual  there  is  from  320  acres 
to  2000  acres.  It  appears  that  a  full 
examination  was  made  and  the  opin- 
ions of  all  the  leading  experts  on  the 
subject  were  solicited  and  given,  and 
that  with  one  accord  they  approved  in 
all  respects  the  leasing  system.  Its 
success  is  abundantly  shown.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  at  first  considerable  latitude 
will  have  to  be  given  to  the  executive 
in  drafting  these  forms  of  lease,  but  as 
soon  as  experiment  shall  show  which  is 
the  most  workable  and  practicable,  its 
use  should  be  provided  for  specifically  by 
statute. 

Alaska  Coal  Lands 

"The  investigations  of  the  Geological 
Survey  show  that  the  coal  properties  in 
Alaska  cover  about  1200  square  miles, 
and  that  there  are  known  to  be  available 
about  15,000,000,000  tons.  This  is,  how- 
ever, an  underestimate  of  the  coal  in  Al- 
aska, because  further  developments  will 
piobably  increasethisamountmany  times; 
but  we  can  say  with  considerable  cer- 
tainty that  there  are  two  fields  on  the 
Pacific  slope  which  can  be  reached  bv 
railways  at  a  reasonable  cost  from  deeo 
water  -in  one  case  of  about  50  miles  and 
in  the  other  case  of  about  150  miles-  - 
which  will  afford  certainly  6,000,000,000 
tons  of  coal,  more   than   half  of  which 


is  of  a  very  high-grade  of  bituminous 
and  of  anthracite.  It  is  estimated  to  be 
worth,  in  the  ground,  one-half  a  cent 
a  ton,  which  makes  its  value  per  acre 
from  S50  to  S500.  The  coking  coal  lands 
of  Pennsylvania  are  worth  from  S800  to 
S3000  an  acre,  while  other  Appalachian 
fields  are  worth  from  SIO  to  S386  an  acre, 
and  the  fields  in  the  Central  States  from 
SIO  to  S2000  an  acre,  and  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  $10  to  S500  an  acre.  The  de- 
mand for  coal  on  the  Pacific  coast  is  for 
about  4,500,000  tons  a  year. 

'With  a  regular  coal  supply  established,, 
the  expert  of  the  Geological  Surv'Cy,  Mr. 
Brooko,  >'ho  has  made  a  report  on  the 
subject,  does  not  think  there  would  be  an 
excessive  profit  in  the  Alaska  coalmining, 
because  the  price  at  which  the  coal  could 
be  sold  would  be  considerably  lowered  by 
competition  from  these  fields  and  by  the 
presence  of  crude  fuel  oil.  The  history 
of  the  laws  affecting  the  disposition  of 
Alaska  coal  lands  shows  them  to  need 
amendment  badlv.  Speaking  of  them, 
Mr.  Brooks  says: 

History  of  Alaskan  Laws 
"  'The  first  act.  passed  on  June  6,  1900, 
simply  extended  to  Alaska  the  provisions 
of  the  coal  land  laws  in  the  United  States. 
The  law  was  ineffective,  for  it  provided 
that  only  subdivided  lands  could  be 
taken  up,  and  there  were  then  no  land 
surveys  in  Alaska.  The  matter  was 
rectified  by  the  act  of  April28, 1904, which 
permitted  unsurveyed  lands  to  be  en- 
tered and  the  surveys  to  be  made  at  the 
expense  of  the  entrymen.  Unfortu- 
nately, the  law  provided  that  only  tracts 
of  160  acres  could  be  taken  up  and  no 
recognition  was  given  to  the  fact  that 
it  was  impracticable  to  develop  an  iso- 
lated coalfield  requiring  the  expenditure 
of  a  large  amount  of  money  by  such 
small  units.  Many  claims  were  staked, 
however,  and  surveys  were  made  for 
patents.  It  was  recognized  by  everybody 
familiar  with  the  conditions  that  after 
patent  was  obtained  these  claims  would 
be  combined  in  tracts  large  enough  to 
assure  successful  mining  operations.  No 
one  experienced  in  mining  would,  of 
course,  consider  it  feasible  to  open  a  coal 
field  on  the  basis  of  single  160-acretracts. 
The  cl,">ims  for  the  most  part  were 
handled  in  groups,  for  which  one  agent 
represented  the  several  different  owners. 

Combination  of  Claim  Owners 
"  'Unfortunately,  a  strict  interpretation 
of  the  statute  raised  the  question  whether 
even  a  tacit  understanding  between  claim 


493 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


owners  to  combine  after  patents  had 
been  obtained  was  not  illegal.  Remedial 
legislation  was  sought  and  enacted  in  the 
statute  of  May  28,  1908.  This  law  permit- 
ted the  consolidation  of  claims  staked 
previous  to  Nov.  12,  1906.  in  tracts  of 
2560  acres.  One  clause  of  this  law  in- 
validated the  title  if  any  individual  or 
corporation  at  any  time  in  the  future 
owned  any  interest  whatsoever,  directly 
or  indirectly,  in  more  than  one  tract.  The 
purpose  of  this  clause  was  to  prevent  the 
monopolization  of  coalfields;  its  immed- 
iate effect  was  to  discourage  capital.  It 
was  felt  by  many  that  this  clause  might 
lead  to  forfeiture  of  title  through  the  ac- 
cidents of  inheritance,  or  might  even  be 
used  by  the  unscrupulous  in  blackmailing. 
It  would  appear  that  land  taken  up  under 
this  law  might  at  any  time  be  forfeited 
to  the  Government  through  the  action  of 
any  individual  who,  innocently  or  other- 
wise, obtained  interest  in  more  than  one 
coal  company.  Such  a  title  was  felt  to 
be  too  insecure  to  warrant  the  large  in- 
vestments needed  for  mining  develop- 
ments. The  net  result  of  all  this  is  t'-at 
no  titles  to  coal  lands  have  been  passed. 

Withdrawal  of  Alaska  Coal  Lands 
"On  Nov.  12,  1906,  President 
Roosevelt  issued  an  executive  order 
withdrawing  all  coal  lands  from  location 
and  entry  in  Alaska.  On  May  16,  1907, 
he  modified  the  order  so  as  to  permit 
valid  locations  made  prior  to  the 
withdrawal  on  Nov.  12,  1906,  to  pro- 
ceed to  entry  and  patent.  Prior  to 
that  date  some  900  claims  had  been  filed, 
m.ost  of  them  said  to  be  illegal  because 
either  made  fraudulently  by  dummy 
entrymen  in  the  interest  of  one  individual 
or  corporation,  or  because  of  agreements 
made  prior  to  location  between  the  appli- 
cants to  cooperate  in  developing  the  lands. 
There  are  33  claims  for  160  acres  each, 
known  as  the  'Cunningham  claims,' 
which  are  claimed  to  be  valid  on  the 
ground  that  they  were  made  by  an  at- 
torney for  33  different  and  bona  fide 
claimants  who,  as  alleged,  paid  their 
money  and  took  the  proper  steps  to  locate 
their  entries  and  protect  them.  The  rep- 
re.=;entatives  of  the  Government  in  the 
hearings  before  the  Land  Office  have  at- 
tacked the  validity  of  these  Cunningham 
claims  on  the  ground  that  prior  to  their 
location  there  was  an  understanding  be- 
tween the  claimants  to  pool  their  claims 
after  they  had  been  perfected  and  unite 
them  in  one  company.  The  trend  of  deci- 
sion seems  to  show  that  such  an  agree- 
ment would  invalidate  the  claims,  al- 
though under  the  subsequent  law  of  May 
28,  1908,  the  consolidation  of  such  claims 
was  permitted,  after  location  and  entry, 
in  tracts  of  2560  acres. 

No  Coal  Titles  Yet  Perfected 
"It  would  b6,  6t  course,  improper  for 
me  to  intimate  what  the  result  of  the  is- 
sue  as   to    the    Cunningham    and    other 
Alaska  claims  is  likely  to  be,  but  it  ought 


to  be  distinctly  understood  that  no  private 
claims  for  Alaska  coal  lands  have  as  yet 
been  allowed  or  perfected,  and  also  that 
whatever  the  result  as  to  pending  claims, 
the  existing  coal-land  laws  of  Alaska 
are  m.ost  unsatisfactory  and  should  be 
radically  amended.  To  begin  with,  the 
purchase  price  of  the  land  is  a  flat  rate 
of  .SIO  per  acre,  although,  as  we  have 
seen,  the  estimate  of  the  agent  of  the 
Geological  Survey  would  carry  up  the 
maximum  of  value  to  S500  an  acre. 

Develop    Alaska    Coal    Lands 

In  my  judgment  is  is  essential  in  the 
proper  development  of  Alaska  that  these 
coal  lands  should  be  opened,  and  that  the 
Pacific  slope  should  be  given  the  benefit 
of  the  comparatively  cheap  coal  of  fine 
quality  which  can  be  furnished  at  a  rea- 
sonable price  from  these  fields;  but  the 
public,  through  the  Government,  ought 
certainly  to  retain  a  wise  control  and  in- 
terest in  these  coal  deposits,  and  1  think 
it  may  do  so  safely  if  Congress  will  auth- 
orize tht  granting  of  leases,  as  already 
suggested,  for  Government  coal  lands 
in  the  United  States,  with  provisions  for- 
bidding the  transfer  of  the  leases  except 
with  the  consent  of  the  Government,  thus 
preventing  their  acquisition  by  a  com- 
bination or  monopoly  and  upon  limitations 
as  to  the  area  to  be  included  in  any 
one  lease  to  one  individual,  and  at  a  cer- 
tain moderate  rental,  with  royalties  upon 
the  coal  mined  proportioned  to  the  mar- 
ket value  of  the  coal  either  at  Seattle 
or  at  San  Francisco.  Of  course,  such 
leases  should  contain  conditions  requir- 
ing the  erection  of  proper  plants,  the 
proper  development  by  modern  mining 
methods  of  the  properties  leased  and  the 
use  of  every  known  and  practical  means 
and  device  for  saving  the  lives  of  the 
miners. 

"The  Government  of  the  United  States 
has  much  to  answer  for  in  not  having 
given  proper  attention  to  the  government 
of  Alaska  and  the  development  of  her 
resources  for  the  benefit  of  all  the  people 
of  the  country.  I  would  not  force  de- 
velopment at  the  expense  of  a  present 
or  future  waste  of  resources;  but  the 
problem  as  to  the  disposition  of  the  coal 
lands  for  present  and  future  use  can  be 
wisely  and  safely  settled  in  one  session 
if  Congress  gives  it  careful  attention. 

Oil  and  Gas  Lands 

"In  the  last  administration  there  were 
withdrawn  from  agricultural  entry  2,820,- 
000  acres  of  supposed  oil  lands  in  Cal- 
ifornia; about  1,500,000  acres  in  Louisi- 
ana, of  which  6500  acres  were  known  to 
be  vacant  unappropriated  land;  75,000 
acres  in  Oregon  and  174,000  acres  in  Wy- 
oming, making  a  total  of  nearly  4,000,000 
acres.  In  September,  1909,  I  directed 
that  all  public  oil  lands,  whether  then 
withdrawn  or  not,  should  be  withheld 
from  disposition  pending  congressional 
action,   for  the   reason  that  the  existing 


placer  mining  law,  although  made  appli- 
cable to  deposits  of  this  character,  is  not 
suitable  to  such  lands,  and  for  the  further 
reason  that  it  seemed  desirable  to  reserve 
certain  fuel-oil  deposits  for  the  use  of  the 
American  navy.  Accordingly  the  form  of 
all  existing  withdrawals  was  changed,  and 
new  withdrawals  aggregating  2,750,000 
acres  were  made  in  Arizona,  California, 
Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Utah  and  Wyo- 
ming. Field  examinations  during  the  year 
showed  that  the  original  withdrawals, 
2,170,000  acres  were  not  valuable  for  oil, 
and  they  were  restored  for  agricultural 
entry.  Meantime,  other  withdrawals  of 
public  oil  lands  in  these  States  were 
made,  so  that  July  1,  1910,  the  outstand- 
ing withdrawals  then  amounted  to  4,550,- 
000  acres. 

Leasing  of  Oil  Lands  RecomM'E,nded 

"The  needed  oil  and  gas  law  is  essen- 
tially a  leasing  law.  In  their  natural 
occurrence  oil  and  gas  cannot  be  meas- 
ured in  terms  of  acres,  like  coal,  and  il 
follows  that  exclusive  title  to  these  prod- 
ucts can  normally  be  secured  only  aftei 
they  reach  the  surface.  Oil  should  be 
disposed  of  as  a  commodity  in  terms 
of  barrels  of  transportable  product  rathei 
than  in  acres  of  real  estate.  This  is,  ol 
course,  the  reason  for  the  practically 
universal  adoption  of  the  leasing  system 
wherever  oil  land  is  in  private  ownership 

Withdrawal  of  Phosphate  Lands 

"Phosphorus  is  one  of  the  three  es- 
sentials to  plant  growth,  the  other  ele- 
ments being  nitrogen  and  potash.  Oi 
these  three,  phosphorus  is  by  all  odd; 
the  scarcest  element  in  nature.  It  v. 
easily  extracted  in  useful  form  from  fhi 
phosphate  rock,  and  the  United  State: 
contains  the  greatest  known  deposit: 
of  this  rock  in  the  world.  They  are  founi 
in  Wyoming,  Utah  and  Florida,  as  we! 
as  in  South  Carolina,  Georgia  and  Ten 
nessee.  The  Government  phosphate  land: 
are  confined  to  Wyoming,  Utah  and  Flor 
Ida.  Prior  to  March  4,  1909,  theri 
were  4,000,000  acres  withdrawn  fron 
agricultural  entry  on  the  ground  that  thi 
land  covered  phosphate  rock.  Sinci 
that  time  2,322,000  acres  of  the  land  thu 
withdrawn  was  found  not  to  contaii 
phosphate  in  profitable  quantities,  whili^ 
1,678,000  acres  was  classified  properly  a: 
phosphate  lands. 

"During  this  administration  there  ha: 
been  withdrawn  and  classified  437,001 
acres,  so  that  today  there  is  classified  a' 
phosphate-rock  land  2,115,000  acres.  Thi 
rock  is  most  important  in  the  compositioi 
of  fertilizers  to  improve  the  soil,  and  a' 
the  future  is  certain  to  create  an  cnor 
mous  demand  throughout  this  country  • 
fertilization,  the  value  to  the  public  o 
such  deposits  as  these  can  hardly  be  ex 
aggerated.  Certainly  with  respect  ti 
these  deposits  a  careful  policy  of  conser 
vation    should    be    followed. 


I 


September  10,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


497 


Leasing  Phosphate  Land  vcith   Separ- 
ate Surface  and  Mineral  Rights 

"A  law  that  would  provide  a  leasing 
system  for  the  phosphate  deposits,  to- 
gether with  a  provision  for  the  separa- 
tion of  the  surface  and  mineral  rights, 
as  is  already  provided  for  in  the  case  of 
coal,  would  seem  to  meet  the  need  of  pro- 
moting the  development  of  these  deposits 
and  their  utilization  in  the  asricultural 
lands  of  the  West.  If  it  is  thouglit  desir- 
able to  discourage  the  exportation  of 
phosphate  rock  and  the  saving  of  it  for 
our  own  lands,  this  purpose  could  be  ac- 
complished by  conditions  in  the  lease 
granted  by  the  Government  to  its  lessees. 
Of  course,  under  the  Constitution,  the 
Government  could  not  tax  and  could  not 
prohibit  the  exportation  of  phosphate, 
but  as  proprietor  and  owner  of  the  lands 
in  which  the  phosphate  is  deposited,  it 
could  impose  conditions  upon  the  kind 
of  sales,  whether  foreign  or  domestic, 
which  the  lessees  might  make  of  the 
phosphate  mined." 


TTie    Lake    Superior    Mining 
Institute 

The  fifteenth  annual  meeting  of  the 
Lake  Superior  Alining  Institute  began  at 
Ironwood,  Mich.,  Aug.  24.  The  head- 
quarters were  at  the  Ironwood  Club 
rooms.  The  day  was  spent  in  visiting 
points  of  interest  on  the  Gogebic  range, 
special  trains  being  provided  for  the 
transportation  of  the  party.  The  mines 
visited  in  Ironwood  included  the  Ashland. 
East  Norrie,  Pabst  and  Newport,  op- 
erated respectively  by  the  Cleveland- 
Cliffs  Iron  Company,  the  Oliver  Iron  Min- 
ing Company  and  the  Newport  Mining 
Company. 

Equipment  of  Newport  Shaft 

Particular  interest  was  taken  in  the 
equipment  of  shaft  D  of  the  Newport 
mine,  which  is  a  foot-wall  shaft,  23(50  ft. 
deep.  This  shaft  is  probably  one  of  the 
largest  producers  of  any  single  under- 
ground operation  of  its  depth  in  the  Lake 
Superior  region. 

After  the  business  meeting  in  the  even- 
ing at  Ironwood,  the  party  boarded  a 
special  train  of  sleeping  cars  and  ar- 
rived in  Chicago  at  1 1  a.m.,  Thursday.  A 
visit  was  first  paid  to  the  plant  of  the 
Sullivan  Machinery  Company,  mpnufac- 
turer  of  mining  and  quarrying  machinery. 
Following  this,  the  meinbers  en;oyed  an 
automobile  ride  through  the  park  and 
boulevard  districts  of  Chic-go's  west 
side.  A  stop  was  made  at  the  ware- 
houses of  Joseph  T.  Rye-son  &  Son, 
where  a  lunch  was  served  and  an  op- 
portunity given  to  inspect  the  Ryerson 
warehouses. 

Election  of  Officers 

Late  in  the  afternoon  the  members 
took  the  special  train  to  Gary,  Ind.,  where 


a  business  session  was  held  in  the  even- 
ing. The  event  of  chief  interest  was  the 
election  of  officers  for  the  ensuing  year. 
W.  J.  Richards,  Crystal  Falls,  Mich.,  gen- 
eral superintendent  of  the  Corrigan,  Mc- 
Kinney  &  Co.  mines  on  the  Menominee 
range,  was  chosen  pfesideiit  of  the  in- 
stitute; two  vice-presidents  were  elected, 
E.  D.  Brigham,  Chicago,  and  C.  H. 
Munger,  Dulutli;  three  managers  were 
also  chosen,  Pctc-r  W.  Pasco,  Republic, 
.Mich.,  J.  B.  Cooper.  Hubbell,  Mich.,  and 
L.  C.  Brewer,  Ironwood,  Mich.  Secretary 
A.  J.  Yungbluth,  and  Treasurer  C.  W. 
Hopkins,  were   reelected. 

Inspection  of  Gary  Plant 

Friday  morning,  Aug.  26,  the  members 
of  the  institute  were  the  guests  of  the 
Indiana  Steel  Company,  at  its  plant  at 
Gary.  A  special  train  was  provided,  which 
visited  all  parts  of  the  new  plant.  Par- 
ticular attention  was  paid  to  the  ore- 
handling  devices  and  the  rail  mill.  Leav- 
ing Gary  at  I  p.m.,  the  train  returned  to 
Chicago,  where  the  convention  closed 
with  a  dinner  at  the  Auditorium  hotel. 
Judge  Norman  W.  Hare,  of  Houghton, 
Mich.,  presided  at  the  banquet.  From 
Chicago  the  members  returned  to  Iron- 
wood  by  the  special  train. 

Three  interesting  and  important  papers 
were  presented  at  this  session:  "A  Dia- 
mond-drill Core  Section  of  the  Mesabi 
Rock,"  by  N.  H.  Winchell;  "The  Proper 
Detonation  of  High  Explosives,"  by 
Charles  S.  Hunter;  "Underground  Steel 
Construction — Particularly  Mine  shafts." 
by  R.  B.  Woodworth. 


The  Bureau  of  Mines 
Washington   Correspondence 


Announcement  was  made  here  on  the 
morning  of  Sept.  1,  that  President  Taft 
had  named  Dr.  J.  A.  Holmes,  formerly 
chief  of  the  Technologic  Branch  of  the 
Geological  Survey,  as  chief  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines.  The  announcement  came  as  a 
surprise,  Mr.  Holmes  himself  having  had 
no  information  concerning  the  prospec- 
tive appointment  until  the  midnight  prev- 
iously. In  no  way  had  there  been  any 
consultation  between  the  executive  offices 
at  Beverly,  Mass.,  and  the  appointee. 
Friends  of  Dr.  Holmes  had  practically 
given  up  all  expectation  of  the  President's 
determining  upon  such  action  and  they 
were  well  assured  that  the  action,  if  tak- 
en at  all,  would  not  be  taken  until  the 
arrival  of  Director  George  Otis  Smtih, 
of  the  Geological  Survey,  who  is  not  ex- 
pected to  return  to  this  country  from 
Europe  until  the  middle  of  October. 

Various  interprct.itions  were  promptly 
placed  upon  the  action  of  the  President, 
one  being  that  the  step  was  political  in 
character  and  designed  to  show  entire 
independence  of  Secretary  Ballinger,  or 


perhaps  a  disposition  to  refuse  to  be 
guided  by  the  latter's  supposed  wishes. 
The  second  interpretation  was  simply  that 
the  President,  having  given  other  candi- 
dates opportunity  to  make  good  their 
claims  to  the  appointment,  and  not  feeling 
that  the  rivals  of  Mr.  Holmes  had  suc- 
ceeded in  making  out  a  case,  had  resolved 
to  recognize  the  superior  indorsements 
that  have  been  accorded  to  Holmes.  The 
fact  is  that  there  is  no  positive  evidence 
of  the  direct  antagonism  of  Secretary 
Ballinger. 

Bureau  Policies  to  Continue  as  Orig- 
inally Outlined 

Dr.  Holmes,  when  consulted  about  the 
present  situation  in  the  bureau,  stated 
generally  that  he  had  nothing  to  say  for 
publication,  especially  as  the  appointment 
will  not  go  into  effect  immediately.  He 
said,  however,  that  the  work  of  the  Bur- 
eau of  .Mines  would  proceed  precisely  as 
at  present  and  with  no  substantial  alter- 
ation of  policy.  Dr.  Smith,  who  has  been 
in  charge  since  the  adjournment  of  Con- 
gress, has  practically  put  into  operation 
the  plans  which  had  been  made  by  Dr. 
Holmes  and  which  had  been  recommend- 
ed at  an  earlier  date,  so  that  there  is 
nothing  to  be  done  except  to  continue  to 
follow  them  out.  A  few  minor  changes 
may  occur,  but  nothing  of  sweeping  char- 
acter. Among  other  innovations  will, 
however,  probably  be  the  moving  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  into  another  building 
apart  from  the  Geological  Survey.  The 
chief  point  about  which  interest  is  now 
centering  is  that  of  the  relations  to  exist 
between  the  Bureau  of  Mines  and  the 
Survey,  Director  Smith  in  a  recent  auth- 
orized statement  having  plainly  indicated 
that  cooperation  between  the  two  bureaus 
on  the  present  basis  would  be  difficult  if 
not  impossible. 


Low   Price  for  California  Oil 

The  price  of  oil  in  California  has  been 
declining  ever  since  the  big  gushers  have 
so  greatly  augmented  production.  Before 
the  extraordinary  heavy  output  began  t« 
affect  the  market  dSc.  per  bbl.  had  been 
given  for  fuel  oil. 

The  Associated  Oil  Company  until  quite 
recently,  has  been  paying  50c.  per  bbl. 
The  San  Francisco  Chronicle,  Sept.  I, 
1910,  states  that  the  price  has  been  ho.'er- 
ing  around  40c.  for  a  week  or  so  and  that 
now  the  Associated  will  only  contract  for 
oil  at  30c.  per  bbl.  It  is,  however,  paying 
more  for  a  large  portion  of  its  oil  as  its 
contracts  call  for  a  higher  figure. 


Returns  from  El  Oro  mine,  near 
El  Oro,  Mexico,  for  the  year  ended  June 
30,  1910.  show  that  the  gold  bullion  real- 
ized was  94.18,  and  silver  78.56  per  cent., 
of  the  value  of  the  ore  treated  as  shown 
by  assays. 


498 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^ 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Arrangement  for  Guiding  a  Drop 
Shaft 

The  sinking  of  the  W.  F.  2  shaft  at 
Obernkirchen,  South  Hanover,  Germany, 
encountered  just  below  the  surface  an  18- 
m.  zone  of  watery  sand  and  clay,  ne- 
cessitating the  use  of  drop-shaft  meth- 
ods. The  manner  in  which  the  shaft  was 
guided  in  the  true  vertical  direction  is  of 
interest,  and  is  illustrated  in  the  accom- 
panying sketch. 

The  inside  diamete.  of  the  finished 
shaft  was  required  to  be  4.5  m.;  the  con- 
crete wall  of  the  drop  shaft  was  there- 
fore   molded    to    an    inside    diameter    of 


ble  to  gain  this  distance  by  forepoling. 
Before  this  plan  could  be  put  into  opera- 
tion, however,  an  inrush  of  material  under 
the  sinking  shoe  made  it  imperative  to 
adopt  a  second,  interior  drop  shaft,  made 
of  sheet  iron.  The  bottom  of  the  con- 
crete shaft  was  firmly  puddled  with  clay, 
and  the  iron  drop  shaft,  of  4.95  m.  inside 
diameter  and  15.8  m.  high,  was  lowered 
into    place. 

Sinking  by  this  means  went  on  rapidly 
until  solid  strata  were  encountered  at 
a  depth  of  21.76  meters.  The  shaft  was 
continued  into  the  rock  to  a  further  depth 
of  6  m.,  leaving  3  m.  of  the  iron  wall 
reaching  up   inside   the  concrete   wall   of 


The  Necessity  for  Strong  Detonators 


In  detonating  high  explosives,  the 
stronger  or  sharper  the  initial  shock  tne 
quicker  and  more  thorough  is  the  detona- 
tion of  the  charge.  If  the  detonation  is 
slow  and  incomplete  a  greater  quantity 
of  explosive  is  required  to  do  the  same 
work,  and  large  volumes  of  poisonous 
gases  are  evolved — a  matter  of  serious 
consequence  in  underground  work.  Quick 
and  complete  detonation  results  in  a  min- 
imum of  flame,  a  point  of  first  importance 
with  those  explosives  intended  for  use  in 
the  presence  of  inflammable  gas  or  coal 


Side  View 


Vertical  Section 


Arrangement  of  Guides  for   Drop-shaft  Sinking 


5.5  m.,  with  walls  77  cm.  thi^k.  The  out- 
side of  the  wall  was  coated  with  cement 
plaster  and  then  smeared  thickly  with 
fcfown  soap,  whereby  the  friction  of  the 
djsft  against  the  guides  was  greatly  re- 
duced. It  was  only  necessary  to  build 
the  walls  16  cm.  above  the  top  of  the 
guides  to  maintain  the  weight  required 
to  give  a  steady  downward  motion.  The 
■fiiilking  went  on  without  incident  to  a 
•depth  of  14.5  m.,  when  the  wall  refused 
to  drop  further,  even  though  it  was  heav- 
ily weighted  and  the  top  built  up  to  a 
hight  of  3.16  m.  above  the  guides. 

An   Interior   Drop  Shaft   Had  to   Be 
Used 

It  was  ascertained  by  boring  that  a 
further  depth  of  only  7  ni.  was  necessary 
10  reach  solid  strata,  and  it  seemed  possi- 


the  outer  shaft.  The  space  between  these 
two  walls  was  then  filled  with  cement 
grouting  (equal  parts  of  quick-setting  ce- 
ment and  sand)  by  boring  holes  through 
the  iron  plates  and  connecting  the  holes 
with  pipes  reaching  to  the  surface.  The 
upper  20  cm.  of  the  space  was  filled 
with  pitch-pine  picotage. 

The  first  5  m.  in  the  solid  rock  were 
lined  with  cast-iron  tubbings  and  a  ma- 
sonry bearing  ring,  behind  which  all  the 
spaces  were  thoroughly  grouted.  At  a 
depth  of  32.6  m.  sinking  was  begun  in 
the  ordinary  manner,  with  masonry  lin- 
ing. 


The  expenditures  of  the  aid  fund  of  the 
Calumet  cS;  Hecla  Mining  Company 
amounted  to  .S78,934.48  during  the  last 
fiscal  year. 


dust.  Electric  fuses  or  blasting  caps  ruo 
weak  to  detonate  a  charge  of  high  explo- 
sives frequently  generate  sufficient  heat 
to  ignite  it. 

The  effect  of  a  detonator  on  a  charge 
of  high  explosives  in  a  bore  hole  is  by  no 
means  infinite,  but  decreases  with  dis- 
tance. It  is,  therefore,  easy  to  unaer- 
stand  the  necessity  for  using  detonators 
sufficiently  strong  for  the  effect  of  the  de- 
tonator to  extend  as  far  as  possible 
through  the  charge.  It  should  not,  how- 
ever be  understood  that  the  detonator 
should  be  located  in  the  center  of  the 
charge,  for  numerous  tests  have  shown 
that  the  greatest  effect  of  a  detonator  is 
straight  away  from  its  loaded  end,  and 
in  a  line  with  its  long  axis,  i.e.,  a  detona- 
tor will  explode  a  cartridge  of  dynamite 
farther  away   from   it,  if  it  is  lying  with 


September  10,  1910, 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


499 


the  loaded  end  pointed  toward  the  cart- 
ridge, than  it  will  if  it  is  lying  parallel 
to  the  cartridge.  It  may  be  impossible 
to  explain  this,  but  it  is  known  to  be  a 
fact. 

Blasting  Long  Charges   Requires  Ad- 
ditional Caps 

In  deep  bore  holes  loaded  with  long 
charges,  it  is  well  to  place  caps  in  cart- 
ridges of  explosives  at  intervals  of  at 
least  five  feet  throughout  the  charge,  so 
that  the  effect  of  the  explosive  material 
which  they  contain  will  extend  the  entire 
length  of  the  charge.  Two  electric  fuses 
should  be  used  in  deep  bore  holes  so  that 
if  one  be  defective  the  other  can  be  de- 
pended   upon    for  the    initial    detonation. 

Margin  of  Safety  in  Strength  Advis- 
able 

The  charge  contained  in  detonators  is 
readily  affected  by  moisture,  and  conse- 
quently, unless  storage  conditions  are  of 
the  best,  a  fair  margin  of  safety  in 
strength  should  be  allowed  when  setect- 
ing  the  grade  to  be  used.  Blasting  caps, 
being  open  at  one  end,  are  more  quickly 
weakened  by  dampness  than  are  electric 
fuses. 

Considering  the  very  small  cost  of  the 
detonator  in  comparison  with  that  of  the 
charge  of  explosives  with  which  it  is 
used,  it  is  difficult  to  understand  why 
anyone,  in  order  to  save  a  few  cents  on 
the  price  of  a  hundred  caps,  would  risk 
the  misfire,  partial  detonation  or  imper- 
fect work  of  the  charge  of  explosives  in 
a  bore  hole  which  results  at  best  in  the 
loss  of  several  dollars  and  may  cost  thou- 
sands if  the  charge  burns  in  a  gaseous 
coal  mine,  or  unexploded  dynamite  subse- 
quently causes  a  fatal  accident. 

Strong    Detonators    Recommended    by 
Geological  Survey 

The  extended  study  and  tests  of  explo- 
sives, conducted  by  the  Technologic 
Branch  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
demonstrated  the  economy  of  using  only 
strong  detonators.  As  a  result  of  tests 
it  is  stated'  that  electric  or  other  deton- 
ators containing  not  less  than  1  gram  of 
fulminating  composition  (90  parts  by 
v/eight  of  mercury  fulminate  and  10  parts 
of  potassuim  chlorate,  or  its  equivalent! 
should  be  used  in  firing  charges  of  "per- 
itiissible"  explosives  and  with  high  ex- 
plosives in  rock  blasting.  Further,  that  an 
elecirlc  or  other  detonator  of  lessstrcngth 
than  No.  5.  containing  0.8  gram  of  the 
fulminating  composition,  should  under  no 
circumstances  be  used  as  the  greater  effi- 
ciency and  certainty  of  the  stronger  de- 
tonator more  than  make  up  for  the  slight- 
ly greater  cost. 

Summarizing,  strong  electric  fuses  and 
blasting  caps  should  be  used  with  all 
high  explosives  because:  They  reduce 
the  chances  of  misfire  as  their  effect  car- 

...'"""•  ■*-■'•  '^  I'llmPi-  on  i;xploslv<>s  for  Coal 
Mlnpr.>i.   I",   s.   (Ji'ol.   Smv.,   ]i.   .IL'. 


ries  farther  in  the  charge;  they  increase 
the  execution  of  the  explosive;  they  tend 
to  counterbalance  careless  and  improper 
usage:  they  ottsct  to  some  extent,  deter- 
ioration due  t'l  improper  storage:  they 
reduce  to  a  minimum  fumes  from  the  ex- 
plosive; they  decrease  the  size  and  dura- 
tion of  rlame,  and  prevent  the  loss  of 
the  charge  by  burning.  The  above  infor- 
mation is  largely  taken  from  the  advance 
sheets  of  a  catalog  to  be  published  by  the 
E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  Powder  Com- 
pany. 


Furnace   Charging   at   the  Granby 
Smehery 


At  the  Granby  smeltery.  Grand  Forkj, 
B.  C,  coke  and  ore  are  charged  separate- 
ly into  the  furnaces.  A  train  of  three 
charge  cars,  similar  to  the  design  shown 
in  the  cut,  is  taken  by  a  30-horsepower 
electric    locomotive    under   the    bins    and 


End  View 

T7ie  Enginetring  iyUning  Journal 

Furnace-charging  Car  at  Granby 
Smeltery 

receives  1  Jt  tons  of  coke.  This  is  weighed 
and  charged  into  the  furnace,  and  the 
train  immediately  returns  to  the  bin  for 
the  ore  charge.  Ten  tons  of  ore  are  run 
into  the  cars,  weighed  and  etiiptitd  into 
the  furnace.  This  separate  charging  of 
coke  and  ore,  says  Frank  E.  Lathe  (June 
Bull.,  Can.  Min.  Inst. I,  insures  as  even 
distribution  of  both,  and  a  consequent 
high  fuel  cfficiencN'  in  smelting  opera- 
tions. 

The  cars  are  supplied  with  two  sets  of 
wheels,  as  shown  in  the  cut,  the  lower  for 
ordinary  locomotion,  and  the  upper,  near 
the  top,  for  supporting  the  cars  on  the 
heavy  rails  set  in  the  side  walls  of  the 
furnace  when  the  cars  enter  with  their 
load.       When    the     cars     are     complete- 


ly inside  the  furnace,  the  feeder, 
by  means  of  a  long  iron  hook, 
pulls  the  arm  marked  A  in  the  draw- 
ing. This  releases  the  lock,  and  the 
contents  of  the  cars  fall  upon  the  charge 
below.  Usually  the  locks  of  two  cars 
are  chained  together,  so  that  they  dump 
at  the  same  time. 

In  practice,  the  time  occupied  from  the 
moment  the  first  car  enters  the  furnace 
until  it  is  again  withdrawn,  is  from  10 
to  20  sec.  When  the  cars  are  removed, 
the  hoppers  are  again  closed,  and  the  sec- 
ond trip  commences.  Complete  charges 
of  both  coke  and  ore  are  made  every 
20  to  30  min.  to  each  furnace,  and  one 
motor  supplies  all  the  furnaces.  This 
indicates  the  speed  of  operation  required. 

As  the  cars  are  divided  into  four  com- 
partments, and  the  motion  given  the 
contents  is  toward  the  sides  of  the  fur- 
naces, there  is  no  very  definite  separation 
of  coarse  and  fine  ore.  There  is  a  slight 
tendency,  however,  for  the  coarser  ore 
to  fall  near  the  center  and  at  the  very 
outside,  the  fines  occupying  the  two 
intermediate  positions.  This  is  produc- 
tive of  a  very  uniform  descent  of  charge 
all  over  the  furnace.  Of  course,  it  is 
easy,  in  the  case  of  uneven  conditions 
prevailing  in  the  different  parts  of  the 
furnace,  to  omit  the  ore  charge  from 
one  or  more  compartments  in  any  car; 
or  to  add  extra  coke  as  may  be  necessary. 


Classifier  for  Use  Before  Con- 
centrators 

By  E.  W.  Durfee* 


The  desirability  of  close-screen  sizing 
of  mill  products  before  concentration 
cannot  be  questioned  by  those  familiar 
with  the  work.  Could  it  be  carried  suc- 
cessfully to  the  fine  sizes  without  too 
much  expense,  little  would  be  desired  in 
the  classification  of  ores  for  concentra- 
tion purposes.  It  is  my  opinion,  how- 
ever, that  for  sizes  smaller  than  about 
30  mesh  the  products  from  water  classi- 
fication will  give  equally  good,  if  not 
better  results   for  table   concentration. 

Water  Classification  Advantageous 

If  one  will  observe  closely  the  opera- 
tion of  a  Wilfley  table,  handling  the  pro- 
duct from  poor  screen  sizing  (which  is 
the  rule  in  fine  screening*  he  will  no- 
tice that  the  finest  particles  of  the  heav- 
iest mineral  occupy  the  position  closest 
to  the  table  top  and  fill  the  interstices  be- 
tween the  larger  heavy  particles.  Next 
above  are  the  lighter  minerals  similarly 
arranged  and  finally  the  top  stratum  is 
made  up  of  coarse  and  fine  quartz  par- 
ticles. In  the  operation  of  the  table  there 
is  little  trouble  in  washing  off  the  coarse 
quartz   particles,   but   there   is   always  a 

•Manaiipr.  Alvarado  Gold  MInlntr  Company, 
Conpi-ess   .Tnuctiou.    .\rlz. 


500 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


certrin    amount    of    fine    quartz    lodged 
among    the     coarser,     heavier     minerals, 
.  which    it    is    impossible    to    separate    on 
the  table. 

With  these  conditions  in  mind  it  is 
plain  to  see  that  water  classification  is 
the  ideal  system  for  making  products  for 
table  concentration.  The  finer  heavy  min- 
erals will  go  with  the  coarser  lighter 
ones  in  which  case  the  bedding  on  the 
table  top  will  be,  the  finer  heavier  min- 
erals, above  which  will  come  coarser, 
lighter  ones  that  can  be  easily  washed 
off,  there  being  no  spaces  among  the 
heavv  mineral  particles  large  enough  to 
inclose  and  hold  them  back. 

Ideal   Pulp   for  Table   Concentration 

In  making  tests   for  the  separation   of 

pynte  and  sphalerite  in  the  complex  lead. 


Fig.  1 


1 

II    1     r       1   \ 

^ 

Fig.  2 

U_J 

— 

^-V 

v_ 

rf 

N 

M 

/ 

II   1     1      1       1        1        1        1       III 

] 

Tlie  Ungineerinff  .J  .Ifimn^  Journal 

Daly-Judge  Classifier   for   Fine 
Material 

zinc,  iron  ores  treated  at  the  Daly-Judge 
mill  in  Park  City,  Utah,  while  general 
superintendent  for  that  company,  a  novel 
classifier  was  tried  and  afterward  in- 
stalled on  account  of  the  excellent  work 
performed. 

The  principle  of  the  machine  is  based 
upon  the  free  setting  of  minerals 
in  water  and  the  separation  of  the 
various  products  by  revolving  the  col- 
umns of  water,  in  which  the  minerals 
settle,  around  the  central  axis  in  a  tank, 
thus  distributing  the  classified  products 
into  different  compartments.  The  pro- 
ducts  from   these  compartments  are  de- 


livered through  spigots  to  the  concentrat- 
ing machines. 

The  machine  consists  of  a  tank  about 
5  ft.  in  hight  by  4  ft.  in  diameter,  the 
lower  SVj  ft.  of  which  is  made  so  that 
it  can  be  divided  radially  by  sliding  par- 
titions. The  number  of  these  partitions 
depends  upon  the  number  of  sizes  re- 
quired while  their  position  can  be  deter- 
mined by  experimenting  with  the  product 
to  be  treated. 

Operation  of  the  Classifier 

The  part  that  comprises  the  settling 
columns  for  the  minerals  revolves  in  a 
vertical  position  just  above  the  partitions 
which  separate  the  various  sizes.  It  is 
made  about  one  foot  long,  of  sheet  iron, 
cylindrical   in   form   and  as  large  as  will 


The  Mineville  Ore  Bucket 


Buckets  used  in  Mineville,  N.  Y.,  for 
hoisting  from  an  open  pit  or  a  large 
winze  present  certain  advantages  over  the 
usual  cylindrical  type  in  the  manner  of 
loading  and  dumping.  They  are  of  the 
stone-boat  type.  The  bucket  can  be  drawn 
to  the  foot  of  the  stope  of  ore,  where 
the  low  sides  and  large  filling  area  facil- 
itate the  loading  by  hand  shovels. 

Preparatory  to  hoisting,  the  chain 
which  is  attached  by  U-bolt  A  to  the 
bail  is  made  fast  to  the  lip  of  the  bucket 
by  passing  the  hook  on  the  free  end  of 
the  chain  through  a  3-in.  ring  B  welded 
in  the  eye  of  a  strap  of  flat  iron  which 
is  riveted  to  the  bottom  of  the  bucket. 
The  hook  is  bent  at  such  an  angle  that 


Tht  En^iueritfg  $  Mining  Journal 


Iro.n'-ore  Bucket  Used  by  Port  Henry  Iron  Ore  Company 


revolve  in  the  tank,  and  has  a  central 
cylindrical  core  about  one  foot  in  diam- 
eter, the  periphery  being  divided  into  32 
equal  compartments  which  are  open  at 
both  ends.  This  revolves  just  below  the 
surface  of  the  water  in  the  tank,  making 
about  one  revolution  per  minute.  The 
feed  is  delivered  from  a  stationary  posi- 
tion at  one  side.  As  a  compartment  of 
the  revolving  unit  passes  underneath  the 
feed,  a  portion  is  caught  and  settles  as 
it  revolves  around  the  central  axis.  The 
coarsest  and  heaviest  particles  passing 
through  most  quickly  drop  into  the  first 
compartment,  the  finer  into  the  next,  and 
so  on  around.  The  time  of  revolution 
can  be  adjusted  so  that  the  finest  mineral 
will  have  settled  through  the  revolving 
unit  by  the  time  the  compartment  has  re- 
turned to  the  position  underneath  the 
feed.  Fig.  1  shows  a  plan  view  and 
Fig.  2  a  side  elevation  and  partial  section 
of  the  assembled  machine. 


after  passing  through  the  eye  it  can  be 
forced  back  against  the  chain  and  locked 
in  this  position  by  a  slip-ringC.  The 
bucket  after  being  locked  is  hoisted  ver- 
tically to  the  top  of  the  pit  and  then 
carried  out  horizontally  on  the  traveling 
cable  to  the  loading  tracks,  or  in  the  case 
of  a  winze  near  the  top  of  the  headframe 
the  hail  is  hooked  by  an  auxiliary  rope 
and  as  the  bucket  is  lowered  it  is  carried 
out  to  the  dumping  chute.  By  knocking 
the  slip-ring  with  a  shovel,  the  hook  Is 
released  and  the  bucket  discharges  its 
contents. 

The  bucket  is  24  in.  deep,  4  ft.  6^^ 
in.  long  and  weighs  1100  lb.  The  body  's 
made  of  ''.-in.  steel  plate,  with  the 
corners   reinforced   by  3x3x',<-in.   angle. 


The  Homestake  creosoting  plant 
at  Lead,  S.  D.,  is  not  used  for  mine  tim- 
bers, but  mainly  for  ties  and  battery- 
block  lumber. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


501 


Placing   Sills  beneath  Square  Sets 
Already  in  Place 

The  correct  practice  in  square-set  tim- 
bering is  to  place  the  sills  upon  the  floor 
of  the  stopes  before  the  sets  are  put  in. 
Yet,  through  false  ideas  of  economy,  the 
placing  of  sills  is  frequently  neglected 
with  the  result,  when  it  becomes  desirable 
to  stope  the  ore  up  to  the  floor  of  one 
level  from  that  next  below,  the  operation 
can  only  be  accomplished  by  catching  up 
the  square-set  posts  from  below  at  the 
expense  of  much  time  and  labor. 

Placing  of  Sills  Neglected  on  Mother 
Lode 

On  the  Mother  Lode,  of  California,  there 
are  few  mines  where  sills  are  placed  on 


giving  the  mine  management  more  or  less 
trouble  later  on,  which  is  rendered  worse 
by  failure  to  provide  sills  on  the  floor  of 
the  level.  anJ  by  the  failure  to  fill  the 
stope  completely  as  work  progresses  up- 
ward. Close  tilling  of  the  stope  is  often 
neglected  as  all  of  the  w'aste  rock,  in 
most  cases,  has  to  be  broken  from  the 
walls,  and  this  entails  considerable  extra 
expense. 

Sets  Should  Line  Vertically 

In  many  cases  sills  may  be  inserted  be- 
neath the  posts  of  the  sets  long  after  they 
have  been  in  place,  and  the  ore  from  the 
back  of  the  stope  next  below  removed 
with  safety,  and  usually  with  little 
loss.  It   is     a     great     advantage     in 

connecting  levels  to  have  the  tim- 
ber    sets      in      exact      alinement,      both 


ne  rn^neerlng  ,} Alining  Journal 

Timbering  Arrangement  for  Removing  Back 


the  floors  of  the  levels,  it  being  claimed 
that  the  sills  will  rot  before  a  stope  is 
worked  through  from  one  level  to  that 
next  above.  Owing  to  the  large  sectional 
area  of  most  stopes  in  these  mines  and 
to  the  heavy  swelling  ground  commonly 
encountered,  this  statement,  generally 
speaking,  is  without  doubt  true.  These 
conditions  might  be  met  by  cutting  stopes 
of  smaller  sectional  area,  i.e.,  if  the 
stopes  were  worked  in  sections  extending 
from  foot-  to  hanging-wall  but  only 
for  30  or  40  ft.  along  the  vein. 

Generally,  however,  the  stope  is  opened 
on  the  level  of  the  gangway  to  the  full 
width  of  the  vein  and  for  the  entire  length 
01  the  ore  shoot,  before  any  considerable 
upward  stoping  is  undertaken,  '"his  prac- 
tice in  most  cases  eventually  results  in 


longitudinally  and  transversely  of  the 
Vein,  on  each  level,  as  having  the 
posts  stand  immediately  over  each  other 
makes  the  connection  much  less  difficult 
and  expensive.  The  proper  place  for  the 
sills  on  each  level  can  be  easily  estab- 
lished by  the  mine  surveyor,  and  the 
lines  once  given  on  the  level  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  the  timbermen  keeping  the 
sets  in  line,  as  all  the  members  of  the 
sets  are  of  standard  length  (or  should 
be),  and  consequently  the  sets  of  one 
level  conform  to  the  position  of  those 
both  above  and  below. 

Sills  Can  Be  Pi't  In  below  Unfilled 
Stopes 

When   sills   have   been   omitted    at   the 
time  the  stope  was  started  and  the  plac- 


ing of  the  sets  commenced,  and  it  be- 
comes necessary  to  place  them  later,  this 
may  be  accomplished  by  spragging  the 
posts  of  the  sill  floor  as  tightly  as  pos- 
sible, both  longitudinally  and  transversely 
of  the  stope,  and  sawing  off  the  foot  of 
each  post  at  the  proper  hight  and  slipping 
the  sills  beneath.  As  a  matter  of  course 
this  cannot  be  done  in  a  stope  that  has 
been  even  partly  filled. 

When  the  stope  is  still  open  and  it  is 
desired  to  place  the  sills  as  suggested 
above  it  may  be  accomplished  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner:  The  sills  should  be  laid 
so  as  to  butt  against  each  other  at  the 
ends,  or  they  may  be  framed  so  that 
the  ends  will  overlap,  by  cutting  out  the 
upper  half  of  one  and  the  lower  half  of 
the  other,  which  will  facilitate  in  no  small 
degree  the  connection  of  the  stopes.  This 
must  be  done  with  great  care  and  should 
not  be  left  to  inexperienced  hands.  The 
viork  must  be  done  in  small  sections, 
and  begun  only  after  all  the  sills  have 
been  placed  in  position  in  the  stope.  The 
sills  should  be  as  long  as  it  is  possible 
to  handle  them — not  less  than  two  sets 
long,  and  three  sets  would  be  better. 
They  should  be  placed  across  the  vein, 
fiom  foot-  to  hanging-wall,  and  the  tim- 
ter  should  be  of  good  size,  as  they  may 
be  called  upon  to  sustain  a  greatly  in- 
creased pressure  when  the  stopes  are 
connected. 

The  accompanying  sketch  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  method  of  placing  sills  in 
stopes  where  they  have  been  omitted, 
and  the  same  method  may  be  success- 
fully applied  should  it  be  deemed  ad 
visable  to  replace  old  and  rotten  sills 
with  new  ones. 


Section  Liner  for  Lettering 

By  B.  Bryan* 


As  a  mining  engineer  who  occasional- 
ly uses  drafting  tools,  I  offer  a  suggestion 
in  regard  to  the  use  of  the  section  liner. 
In  doing  some  block  lettering  lately,  I 
found  that  this  instrument  is  excellent 
for  lettering.  None  of  the  draftsmen 
I'.ere  had  ever  heard  of  this  use  for  that 
instrument. 

In  any  class  of  lettering,  except  fancy 
free-hand  work,  the  section  liner  is  set 
so  that  the  space  between  lines  will  be 
one-fifth  of  the  hight  of  a  4x5  letter,  and 
then  when  used  against  a  straight-edge, 
the  liner  will  take  care  of  all  spacing, 
giving  a  high  class  of  work  in  less  time 
than  it  takes  to  do  a  poor  Job  after  tne 
usual  method.  In  titles  or  other  work 
of  that  type,  by  counting  to  the  center 
and  then  working  in  both  directions,  a 
good  spacing  is  obtained  with  the  great- 
est ease.  This  will  be  of  value  only 
in  lettering  of  sufficient  importance  to 
justifv  penciling  before  it  is  finally  inked. 

•Mlnlnt;  cuiilncer,  Buenos  Aires,  Arpentlna. 


502 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


Deering   Plant  of   American    Zinc, 
Lead  and  Smelting  Company 

By  Evans  W.  Buskett* 


One  of  the  best  equipped  and  most  con- 
veniently arranged  zinc  smelteries  in  the 
eastern  Kansas  gas  belt  is  the  plant  of 
the  American  Zinc,  Lead  and  Smelting 
Company,  at  Deering.  It  is  situated  on 
the  western  division  of  the  Missouri  Pa- 
cific railway,  about  five  miles  from  Cof- 
feyville.  The  works  consist  of  a  crushing 
and  drying  plant,  three  Zellweger  roast- 
ing kilns  and  six  blocks  of  retort  fur- 
naces for  the  reduction  of  the  ore.  There 
are  also  coal  crushers,  a  laboratory  and  a 
complete  pottery  for  the  manufacture  r,f 
retorts  and  condensers.  There  are  a 
number  of  producing  mines  on  the  2400 
acres  of  mining  land  which  the  company 
owns  in  the  Joplin  district. 

The  plant  has  a  capacity  of  between 
600  and  700  tons  of  zinc  ore  per  week, 
nearly  all  of  it  coming  from  the  Joplin 
district.  Part  of  this  ore  is  bought  in 
the  open  market  but  large  quantities  are 
shipped  each  week  from  the  company's 
mines  at  Webb  City.  The  production  of 
spelter  is  300  tons  per  week  and  the  daily 
consumption  of  gas  is  6,000,000  cu.ft. 
The  company  employs  250  men  in  the 
Deering  plant. 

The  Ore  Is  Mechanically  Handled 

The  ore  is  unloaded  from  the  cars  into 
large  storage  bins  from  which  it  is  taken 
as  needed  to  the  two  driers.  The  dri- 
ers are  15  ft.  in  diameter,  with  a  bottom 
of  iron  which  is  heated  from  below  by 
mixers.  The  wet  ore  is  elevated,  charged 
into  the  drier  at  the  center  and  worked 
to  the  circumference  and  discharged 
through  a  hole  in  the  side  by  means  of 
paddles  or  stirrers,  which  are  carried  on 
four  radial  arms.  The  dried  ore  is  receiv- 
ed by  an  elevator  and  carried  up  to  a  10- 
inesh  revolving  screen,  discharging  into 
a  bin  from  which  the  ore  is  taken  to  the 
roasters.  The  oversize  goes  to  a  set  of 
rolls  and   is  carried   back  to  the  screen. 

The  three  roasting  kilns  are  of  the 
Zellweger  type.  The  furnace  is  a  rever- 
•beratory  having  high  sides  on  account  of 
the  peculiar  rabbling  apparatus.  This 
consists  of  a  roller  which  is  supported 
at  each  end  by  a  wheel  about  six  feet 
in  diameter.  These  wheels  run  on  tracks 
inside  of  the  furnace  and  the  whole  ar- 
rangement is  pulled  through  at  intervals 
by  means  of  a  wire  cable.  The  roller  is 
provided  with  paddles  which  stir  the  ore 
as  it  moves  through  the   furnace. 

As  the  ore  is  raised  very  little  there 
is  not  much  loss  by  dusting,  but  these 
furnaces  consume  a  large  amount  of  gas 
on  account  of  the  high  sides  and  conse- 
quent large  air  space  to  be  heated.  The 
burners   of  this    furnace  are   brick   flues 


about  3  ft.  long,  having  an  opening  about 
10  in.  long  and  eight  inches  high.  They 
are  placed  in  the  furnace  at  an  angle  of 
about  45  deg.  to  the  horizontal.  The  gas 
enters  through  a  .14 -in.  pipe  which  pro- 
jects about  six  inches  into  the  flue.  There 
are  10  of  these  burners  on  each  side  of 
the  furnace,  six  about  eight  feet  apart 
and  the  four  near  the  discharge  end, 
four  feet  apart. 

Roasting   Kilns   Reduce   the   Sulphur 

FROM    30    TO    1    PER    CENT. 

The  furnaces  operate  satisfactorily,  re- 
ducing the  sulphur  content  of  the  ore 
from  30  per  cent,  to  less  than  1  per  cent. 

The  annexed  tabulation  shows  the  av- 
erage work  done  by  these  furnaces  at 
Deering. 


•Mi'lHlliiruliiil    iTmlnc'iT.    .Iiiplhi.    M,i 


The  lime  is  figured  as  sulphate  and  the 
sulphur  left  after  the  lime  is  satisfied 
is  figured  as  "fault." 

From  the  roasting  kilns  the  ore  goes 
to  the  weighing  room,  where  the  proper 
amount  for  mixing  is  weighted  out  into 
cars.  At  the  weighing  house  there  is  a 
large  brick  bin  which  is  used  for  the 
storage  of  ore  against  a  breakdown  at  the 
roasting  kilns.  From  the  weighing  room 
the  ore  is  carried  to  the  mixhouse,  where 
it  is  mixed  with  coal.  This  is  done  by 
bedding. 

The  mixing  pits  are  about  six  feet 
square  and  two  feet  deep  and  are  paved 
with  brick.  At  one  end  is  an  iron  grating 
along  the  entire  end  of  the  pit.  Under- 
neath this  grating  is  a  screw  conveyer 
which  serves  both  as  a  mixer  and  as  a 
conveyer  to  the  furnace  bins.  A  layer 
of  coal  is  spread  on  the  floor  and  covered 
with  ore  and  so  on  until  the  pit  is  filled. 
The  screw  is  then  started  and  the  mixture 
is  shoveled  into  the  conveyer  until  the 
pit  is  empty,  when  the  operation  is  com- 
pleted. 

Furnaces   Four   Tiers   High   and   Con- 
tain 320  Retorts 

The  furnaces  are  charged  by  hand. 
The  ore  mixture  is  loaded  into  a  bin 
which  travels  on  a  track  in  front  of  the 
retorts  and  the  ore  is  shoveled  from  the 
bottom  of  the  bin  into  the  retorts.  The 
furnaces  are  built  with  their  backs  to- 
gether so  that  one  central  wall  serves 
for  two  furnaces.  There  arc  20  sections 
to  a  furnace,  each  containing  1(3  retorts, 
making  320  to  the  furnace  or  640  to  the 
block.  They  are  four  tiers  high  instead 
of  five,  as  in  some  gas  smelteries. 

The  wages    paid     at    this    plant    are: 


N 

2 

O 


ItOASTING    BLENDE    IN    ZELLWEGER 

KILNS. 

-i 

z 

o 

Output. 

Sulphur, 

Lime, 

Fault, 

Per  Cent . 

Per  Cent. 

Per  Cent. 

Percent. 

> 

2 

.■i(j,(i:;i) 

0.  19 

0.71 

0.08 

.'..'.. IjliO 

0  41 

0.63 

0  05 

.")(), ti'jd 

0 ,  IS 

0.80 

0.02 

O 

iT.r.sd 

0 .  .-!.> 

0.63 

0.19 

•Tl 

,"i:i,,".0(i 

0   62 

0.60 

0.28 

.'i;i,.s(.in 

0.54 

0.68 

O.lo 

X 

> 
s 


> 
2 

N 
2 

n 


O 


li 


September    10,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


503 


Driers,  S2;  kilns,  S2.50;  mixhouse,  $2; 
furnaces,  S1.60  to  S3;  yard,  $1.75;  en- 
gine room,  shops,  etc.,  $1.75  to  S3;  pot- 
tery, SI. 75  to  S3. 

The  residues  remaining  in  the  retorts 
after  smelting  are  discharged  by  means 
of  water.  A  small  pipe  about  10  ft.  long 
is  attached  to  a  hose  with  a  stop  cock 
near  the  operator's  hand.  A  sheet-iron 
screen  is  hung  in  front  of  the  furnace 
to  protect  the  man  handling  the  pipe 
which  is  poked  into  each  retort  through 
a  slot  in  the  screen.  As  the  water  comes 
in  contact  with  the  heated  retort  it  ex- 
plodes, throwing  the  residues  out  against 
the  screen,  where  they  fall  into  the  pit 
beneath  the  furnaces  and  are  hauled 
away  in  cars  to  the  dump. 


Data  on  the  De  Beers  and  Premier 
Diamond  Companies 


By  E.  M.  Weston* 


At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  De 
Beers  Consolidated  Alines,  Ltd.,  the  chair- 
man gave  out  interesting  statements  with 
regard  to  the  future  of  the  famous  pro- 
ducers of  this  group  of  properties.  He 
emphasized  the  fact  that  the  pipes  did  not 
become  poorer  in  depth,  stating  that  the 
yield  from  Wesselton,  Bultfontein  and 
Dutoitspan  is  better  than  in  shallower 
levels,  and  though  the  yields  from  Kim- 
herley  and  De  Beers  had  fallen  off,  the 
Kimberley  yield  is  better  now  that  it  was 
four  or  five  years  ago. 

Kimberley  Pipe  Diminishes  in  Granite 
But  Yield  Not   Affected 

Anxiety  has  been  expressed  that  the 
yield  would  fall  off  when  the  pipes  en- 
tered the  granite.  He  states,  however, 
that  the  Kimberley  mine  is  now  about 
3000  ft.  deep  and  although  the  pipe  en- 
tered granite  at  2500  ft.,  the  yield  is 
maintained  and  "experience  has  been 
that  the  yield  of  'blue'  in  the  mine  is 
not  in  any  way  affected  by  the  nature  of 
the  containing  rock,  whether  it  is  shale, 
mclaphyre,  quartzite  or  granite."  The 
fact  that  granite  will  perhaps  be  met 
with  at  a  depth  of  about  1200  ft.  in 
Dutoitspan  and  Bultfontein  therefore 
causes  no  anxiety. 

It  has  never  been  denied  that  the  sec- 
tional area  of  the  pipes  tends  to  be  great- 
ly reduced  in  depth  and  there  appears  to 
be  a  probability  that  the  rate  of  this  re- 
duction will  be  accelerated  in  the  hard 
granite;  but  the  depths  at  which  the 
various  pipes  become  of  such  small 
sectional  area  as  to  be  unpayable,  has  not 
apparently  been  nearly  approached  even 
in  the  De  Beers  and  Kimberley  mines. 
Workings  on  the  other  pipes  are  still  com- 
paratively shallow. 


Yield    Satisfactory     fro.m     De     Beers 

It  appears,  however,  that  in  depth  the 
ground  is  harder  and  more  expensive  to 
treat  and  mine,  while  the  average  value 
per  carat  from  the  De  Beers  and  Kim- 
berley has  fallen  from  58  to  46s.  This, 
it  is  admitted,  is  due  to  a  falling  off  in 
value  of  the  stones  obtained  from  the 
deep  Kimberley  mine  from  which  a  large 
quantity  of  floored  ground  has  been  treat- 
ed. It  is,  however,  emphasized  that  the 
yield  now  gained  by  the  direct  treatment 
of  the  blue  ground  from  the  Kimberley 
mine  compares  favorably  in  value  per 
load  with  that  formerly  treated.  There 
were,  in  December  last,  about  1,000,000 
loads  lying  on  the  floors,  and  the  stock 
was  reduced  to  1,100,000  loads  during 
the  previous  year.  This  was  owing  prob- 
ably to  the  partial  suspension  of  under- 
ground work  during  the  diamond  depres- 
sion. 

Low  Prices  Due  to  Overproduction 
The  price  of  inferior  grades  of  dia- 
monds has  not  risen  in  sympathy  with 
that  of  higher-priced  stones  and  for  this 
the  Kimberley  people  blame  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Premier  Diamond  Mining 
Company,  Ltd.,  accusing  that  company  of 
overproduction  and  stating  that  they  on 
their  part  have  reduced  their  output  of 
low-grade  stones  from  tailings  from  557,- 
000  carats  in  1904  to  385,000  carats  in 
1908  and  to  61,000  carats  in  the  year 
ended  June  30,  1909.  I  have  already 
pointed  out  in  an  article  on  the  Premier 
mine'  that  owing  to  the  low  value  per 
carat  and  the  low  value  per  load  of  the 
output  of  this  mine  the  only  way  in  which 
it  can  be  made  to  return  profits  is  to 
produce  on  the  largest  possible  scale. 

Financial  Conditions  of  Premier  Com- 
pany. 

This  condition  of  affairs  is  most  clear- 
ly shown  by  the  annual  report  of  the 
Premier  Diamond  Mining  Company,  Ltd., 
for  the  year  ended  Oct.  31,  1909.  The 
accounts  show  a  profit  of  £438,811,  with 
diamonds  in  stock  valued  at  £355,297  as 
against  a  profit  of  £789,936  in  1908  and 
£875,729  in  1907.  Trading  and  emer- 
gency funds  of  £300,000  and  £100,000, 
respectively,  have  been  created.  The  re- 
port states  that  tlie  diamond  market  is  in 
a  prosperous  condition  and  that  there  is 
every  prospect  of  good  and  sound  busi- 
ness during  the  coming  year.  These  re- 
marks apparently  apply  only  to  better- 
class  diamonds  and  it  is  evident  that  diffi- 
culty is  experienced  in  disposing  of  the 
lower  qualities  which  form  such  a  large 
proportion  of  the  production. 

The  production  of  the  Premier  company 
for  the  year  amounted  to  1,872,136' j 
carats,  a  decrease  of  206,688'4  carats 
from  that  of  the  previous  year.  The 
cost  per  load  treated  rose  to  Is.  11.42d. 
due      to      labor      shortage      and      water 


troubles.  The  average  value  per  load 
was  3s.  1.43d.,  although  for  the  first 
three  months  of  the  current  fiscal  year  it 
rose  to  3s.  3.75d.  Even  though  it  is 
pointed  out  that  the  fall  in  grade  took 
place  in  1908,  as  the  value  and  the  carats 
for  that  year  were  really  overvalued,  it 
does  not  make  the  continued  fall  any 
more  pleasing  to  shareholders. 

New  No.  4  Gear  to  Treat  Large  Ton- 
nage 
It  was  stated  that  by  March  or  April 
the  completed  sections  of  No.  4  gear 
would  allow  the  treatment  of  850,000 
loads  per  month,  and  that  after  Novem- 
ber next  1,000,000  loads  per  month  at 
an  estimated  cost  of  Is.  6d.  per  load. 
It  is  claimed  that  the  No.  4  gear  is  a  suc- 
cess and  that  its  chief  feature  is  the 
treatment  of  the  crushed  ore  directly 
on  pulsators  or  jigs.  A  new  main  in- 
cline shaft  has  been  started  to  enable 
the  mine  to  be  worked  down  to  1500  ft., 
above  which  level  it  is  estimated  there 
is  30  years'   work   in   sight. 

Premier  Cannot  Afford  to  Restrict 
Output 
The  South  African  public  have  come  to 
expect  as  a  matter  of  course  a  display 
of  verbal  fireworks  and  a  competition  in 
the  production  of  denunciatory  metaphors 
and  similes  between  the  heads  of  the 
rival  diamond  producers  at  Kimberley 
and  Pretoria;  but  whoever  and  whatever 
may  be  to  blame  for  the  doubtful  condi- 
tion of  the  diamond  market  and  its  re- 
serves, it  is  at  once  apparent  that  the 
Premier  company,  having  an  enormous 
low-grade  deposit,  must  attempt  to  work 
it  on  the  very  largest  scale  in  order  to 
procure  maximum  production  at  minimum 
cost.  It  cannot  if  it  would  enter  into 
any  agreement  to  restrict  output.  If  in 
avoiding  the  Scylla  of  high  costs  it  is 
wrecked  and  wrecks  others  on  the 
Charybdis  of  a  falling  diamond  market 
it  will  only  have  been  experiencing  the 
fate  that  has  often  overtaken  base-metal 
mines  the  world  over  at  certain  periods. 


'MlnlnK    cngiueer,    2f)    St.    Mnvy'a    building,  'Kxc.     Axi>    .Mix.     .luiii.s-..     r,.l,.     il'.     I'.llii 

■Johannesburg.  page    :!«!i. 


Drilling  Results  at  South  Lake 
Mine,  Michigan 

Dr.  L.  L.  Hubbard,  consulting  geolo- 
gist for  the  South  Lake  Mining  Company 
of  Houghton,  Mich.,  in  a  statement  to 
stockholders  regarding  the  relationship, 
if  any,  between  the  copper-bearing  beds 
disclosed  by  a  diamond  drill  on  the  South 
Lake  property,  and  certain  beds  found  on 
the  Lake  property,  states  that  the  so 
called  Lake  lode  and  the  conglomerate 
bed  exposed  about  500  ft.  east,  strike  at 
the  surface  nearly  north  and  south,  and 
dip  to  the  west.  Their  strike  and  dip  is 
abnormal  as  compared  with  other  beds  in 
the  Kekeenaw  series  exposed  in  and  near 
the  bluff  or  ridge  a  short  distance  to  the 
north,  where  the  strike  is  nearly  east  and 
west,  and  dip   northerly. 


504 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10.  1910. 


Settling  Fine  Dust  at  Copper  Queen  Smeltery 

Experiments  Proved  That  Dust  Chambers    125  Feet  Long  Were  Effi- 
cient   When    Gas    Velocity    Did    Not    Exceed    150    Feet   per   Minute 


B   Y 


GEORGE 


B. 


LEE 


i 


A  long  series  of  experiments  tiave  been 
conducted  on  a  large  scale  as  regards  the 
quantity  of  smoke  handled  at  the  Copper 
Queen  smeltery.  The  aim  was  to  see  if  it 
was  not  possible  to  settle  very  fine  dust 
out  of  a  current  of  gases  by  reducing  the 
velocity.  To  this  end  a  small  flue  was 
built  .SO  ft.  long — afterward  increased  to 
100  ft.  long,  with  an  area  of  23  sq.ft. 
The  gases  were  drawn  through  this  flue 
by  means  of  a  fan  and  then  discharged 
through  flannel  bags  to  collect  what  was 
not  settled   in  the  chamber. 

The  gases  were  passed  through  the 
chamber  at  various  speeds,  from  less 
than  one  foot  per  second  to  over  five 
feet  per  second.  The  results  of  these 
tests  have  been  plotted  in  diagrams,  some 
of  which  are  submitted.  Appro.\imately 
90  per  cent,  of  the  dust  that  settled  in  the 
experimental  chamber  passed  a  200-mesh 
screen. 

Meshes  of  Ordinary  Woolen  Bags  Too 
Coarse  to  Retain  Finest  Dust 

In  the  early  experiments  it  was  found 
that  ordinary  wool  bags  would  not  ar- 
rest the  finest  dust.  Microscopic  exam- 
ination showed  that  a  large  part  of  the 
spaces  between  the  meshes  of  the  cloth 
were  larger  than  the  particles  of  dust  we 
were  trying  to  recover.  After  this  we 
used  the  closest-woven  woolen  material 
available.  Since  the  figures  are  all  bised 
on  the  supposition  that  what  was  collect- 
ed in  the  fiue,  plus  that  caught  by  the 
bags,  represented  all  that  was  in  the 
smoke,  it  was  necessary  to  be  sure  the 
bags  let  no  dust  pass. 

In  the  course  of  the  experiments,  as 
the  velocity  of  incoming  gases  increased, 
it  was  found  that  eddies  were  set  up, 
wMch  interfered  with  uniform  deposition 
of  dust.  We  then  made  experiments  with 
small  baffles,  one  foot  square,  placed  op- 
posite the  inlet  pipe  and  about  one  foot 
from  the  inlet.  The  effect  of  this  small 
baffle  is  well  shown  in  diagrams  XII-7  and 
Xll-ft.  Both  of  these  were  at  a  velocity 
of    about    13,S    ft.    per    sec.    in    the    inlet. 

A  Chamber  125  Ft.  Long  Sufficient  to 
Settle  Copper  Queen   Dust 

We  believe,  as  a  result  of  these  ex- 
periments, that  flues  or  chambers  to  settle 
dust  need  not  be  long.  In  fact,  125  ft. 
would  appear  to  be  enough  if  the  velocity 
of  gases  through  them  does  not  exceed 
150  ft.  per  min.,  and  that  this  speed  may 
be     materially     increased     if     wires     or 


•Superinti'iidcnt.     Copper     Qufen     Smelting 
\\V)rks.    Donj^laH.    Ariz. 


DUST  CHAtl.A.CTERISTICS— EXPERIMENT  XII— 7. 


-Amount  of  Dust  Retained. 

CompositiDn. 

Pounds. 

Per  Cent. 

Gold. 
Ounces. 

Silver. 
Ounces. 

Copper, 
Per  Cferit. 

Lead, 
Per  ("ent. 

Division      I 

Division    11 

Division  in 

Division  IX 

Division     V 

2,625 
28,000 
15,000 
12,625 

9.1SS 

3  89 
41   ,50 
22  24 
IS  72 
13  62 

0  04 
0  04 
0  03 
0  03 
0.03 

5  76 
4  86 
4   17 
4  27 
4  27 

14.80 
11.60 
11  30 
U  00 
11   30 

14 

0  9 

1  1 
1   4 
1    4 

Total 

67.438 

100  00 

DUST  CHAR,\CTERISTICS— EXPERIMENT  XXII— 9. 


.\mount  of  Dust  Retained. 

Composition. 

Pounds. 

Per  Cent. 

Gold, 
Ounces. 

Silver, 
Ounces. 

Copper, 
Per  Cent. 

Ivead, 
Per  Cent. 

Division      I 

I)i\ision    II 

Division  III 

Division  IV 

11  000 
2.063 
13.125 
17,065 
10,312 

20  54 
3  85 
24  49 
31   86 
19  26 

0.02 
0  04 
0.04 
0.03 
0.03 

4   1 
5. 1 
4  6 

3  6 

4  1 

12.35 
12.95 
11.20 
10.65 
10.70 

11 
2  4 
15 
1   6 

Division     V 

1  .7 

Total 

53,560 

100  00 

DU.ST  CHARACTERISTICS— EXPERI.ME.NT  XIV— 6. 


.Amount  of  Dust  Retained. 

Composition. 

Pounds. 

Per  Cent . 

Per  Cent . 

Gold, 
Ounces. 

Silver. 
Ounces. 

Copper, 
Per  Cent. 

Lead, 
Percent. 

Division         I 
Division       11      . 
Division      III 

Division       IV 

Division        V 
Diivsion      \'l    .    . 
Division    VII 
Division  VIII 
Division      IX 
Division        X 

3  625 

7  375 
6   125 
2.813 
1    812 
1    188 
0.S12 
0.6SS 
0  CZo 
0  437 

10  63 
21   63 
17   96 
8.26 
5  31 
3  48 
2.38 
2  02 
1   83 
1   28 

14  22 

28   92 

24  ,  02 

11    04 

7    10 

4  66 

3    18 

2.70 

2.45 

1    71 

0  02 
0  02 
0  025 
0.025 
0  02 
0  02 
0.025 
0.025 
0.03 
0  03 

3  42 
3  .37 
3  47 
3.77 
3  57 
3.57 
3.87 
3.87 
3  97 
3.97 

10  60 
10.55 
10.90 

11  00 

10  80 
11.05 
11.20 
11.00 

11  15 
10  60 

1.7 
1.0 
11 

1  1 
19 

2  1 
2   1 
2.3 
3.1 
2.8 

Total  in  dust  box 
Bag 

25  500 
9.937 

74.78 
25  22 

100  00 

0  0225 
0  01 

3  52 
4.79 

10.42 
5.60 

1.4 
14.4 

Grand  total 

35  437 

100.00 

0.019 

3.84 

8.97 

4.68 

DUST  CHARACTERISTICS— EXPERIMENT  XV— 2 


.\mount  of  Dust  Retained. 

Copper, 
Per  Cent . 

- 

Pounds. 

Percent. 

Percent. 

I.ead, 
Per  Cent . 

20  813 
22   062 
11    438 
5    1K7 
3   000 
2   43,< 
2   250 
1    437 
1    313 
1    062 

22 ,  .89 
24    29 
12. 59 
5.70 
3  30 
2.69 
2   48 
1  .  58 
1    44 
1  ,  17 

29  30 
31   09 
16   11 
7   30 
4   22 
3   41 
3    17 
2   02 
1  ,  85 
1  ,  .50 

1 1   29 
1 1   64 
1181 
10   79 

10  74 

11  44 
11   04 
11   04 

10  99 

1 1  09 

0.5 

Divi^iun        11    

0   6 

0.8 

1  li  \  isioii       IV    

1    0 

15 

Di\  ision       VI , 

1   5 
2.0 

Divi^iinii  VIII 

1   8 

Di\  ision       IX 

2    1 

2.4 

Total  l)ON                          

7 1    000 
19  875 

78    13 
21   .87 

100   00 



11    46 
8  33 

0  82 

BaEs                                              

8  .50 

Grand  total                    

An  875 

100  00 

10  77 

2   5 

September  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


505 


Stack  Experiment 

Diagram  Showins  Stack  Experiment 

Relative  AiDOUUt  o(  Dust  Ketaloed  XlI-0 

in  23  Sq.  Vt.  So'Lout;  Dust-bos  Diagram  showing 

Date  I  -  19  -  lO.-Tinic  ol  Ruu.O  Boura.  Relative  Aniouut  ol  Du.^t  Retaloed 

Id  2:1  Sq.  Ft.  5o'Li>ui;  Dust-box 


St.ick  Experiment  -  XlV-6 
Dalk  -i  ■  il  •  10.     Durutiuu  of  Teat     C  Hours 


Average  Velocity 

Ft.   I'.  S 

)e  ■   133.0       

pe  -  160.82 


.!<■ 

1 

.  1. 

Average  Temp.  «  j^ 
stack  ■  34)F  J  ij 
uJel  I'ipc  300F.g  :., 
utlet  Pipe  lOOFg     " 


Date  1  ■  21  -  lO.-Tinii-  of  ltuu.6  Qoura. 
Average  Velocity 

Ft.  P.  See. 
^**  Inlet  ripe  ■  136.&0 

Outlet  Pipe  •  107.05 

Dust-liox  5.10  "    '■   " 


Average  Temp, 
lu  .stack-  378  F* 
■■  lul.-l   Pipe  -337  F° 
Outlet  Pipe  -203  F" 


ii.l 

ill 

1^ 

III 

"    6 

Weight  of  Gases 
Lbs. 

P.  S.i.  Fr. 
of  Alt* 

1>.  R»o. 

ToUl 

Dvitlog 
TmI. 

lolet 

.273 

120 

xi.m 

13.47       i       ^.-.iS.'ii 

171182 

Outlet 

.325 

lOSli 

H?.09 

_2._T0Og._ 
.044 

1S804 

Dust'box 

LOT 

2J.78 

■J18UJ 

Pressure 
!>  Puruitcea  26  ok. 
r  Couverlers 

a  S 
2^ 


10     20     30     40     50       s 
Length  of  Dust-b...<  -  Feetr'- 


10     20     30     40     50     ||--5 
Length  of  Du9t-box  -  Feet.^.  o"^* 


Stack  Experiment  -  XV-  2 

Dia;tam  Sljowlog  Rolaliy*  Aiuuwit  >,f  lixist 

ReUlncd  in  \i>  Fe«t  Divisions  of  23  Sq.  Ft. 

bj  100  Faal  Umg  Dust-box. 

1   -  lO.-Tlineof  Rui 


Velocilj  limit  In  Inlet  Plp«.61  Wutei 
"       ■  Outlet  Pipe. 892"  - 


.Aferaec  Velocltr  In  Inlet  Pip«     G:.4C  Ft.  P.  Sec. 


P 

Average  Temp.  In  "^Uusk  335  F  _  ,  '/W/>J 

—  i"p.«,FV3."t'.,%4i 

Ouilel  Pipe  HU  P'     62  F        r//^zl 

n 

Si 


15       20       25        30       35       40 
Length  i  f  Dust-bo.x  -  Feet. 

Stack  Experiment  -  XV- 5 

Diagram  Slio-log  RolatWe  Amounl  .r  Dust  ReUiInei^l  Id  in  Feat 

Dlvlalona  of  2;»  Sr).  Ft.lij  I'X)  Fret  Img  Diis(-1>oi. 

Date  2  •  26  .-  lO.-TIine.of  Run,  \\^  Hours. 


VetocKy  tlead  In  Inlet  Plp«  1.4i  Water. 
•■  Outlet  PlpoS-Il".   ■■ 


Welstit  of  G«f  per  Sq.  Ft.  of  Area  jxr  Sec. 
Id  Inlet  Pipe  S.nsog  Lb. 
•■  Outlet  Pipe     4.2278  ■• 
..  Dust-lMi  .12      •■ 


Ft.    Fllrerlns  Surfuw. 
ration  of  Air  into  Dust-box 
Total  Weleht  of  G' 


1...  V/'/A\ 

iii.so  ri  ..  ..  'r^///'(\ 


10       20      30       40      60      60       V(i 

Length  of  Dust-box  -  Feet, 


JO      100 


Aierace  Temp.  In  Staok  320  F'       , 

..      ■■*  InUt  Plp«  324  F,  ^  ^ 

•  OutUt  Pipe  134  F  ^^ 

Averaee  Velooltj  In  Inlet  Pipe     101.2.'>  Ft.  P.  5eo.  9  < 

..         •.  Outlet  PInp  146.16 H 

'-•'•'"'  "' WM^^M 

Weight  of  Oaf  per  Si|.  Ft.  of  Area  p«  Sw.  "  ..>^.^.^^  ^x-.>. 

In  Inlet  Pipe  4.G&0  Lb. 
■•  Outlet  Pipe  ■  8,405"  V/''//^'//'"//  '/.'^/'.^ 


Stack  Experiment  -  XVl-4 

Date  3  •  Jl  •  lO-Timo  ol  Ruu.  21  Hours 

JO-  Ji'.MesU  Screens.  Spaced  about  3' apart,  over  eutiro 
Length  ol  Dust-box.  Utimr  CondttiODs  not  Altered. 

^Velocity   Head  iu'Iolet  Pipe  .Sls' Water. 

■  Outlet  Pipe   1.08"     ■  Average  Tonip.  in  Stuck  320  P. 

■■  Inlet  Pipe  298F.  27 
■■Outlet  PlpeiaOF.  2^ 
ATcrage  Velocity  m  Inlet  Pipe  00.38  Ft.  P.  Sec. 

•Outlet  Pipe  77.18 

Duat-box  J. 35 

Weight  ol  fJaa  per  S<i.  Ft.  of  Area  per  St-c. 
In  Inlet  Pipe   'J.aill  Lb. 
•   Outlet  I'ipu   4.7.jO:  ■■ 
I>uat-boxai'JUd    ■ 

Total  Weight  of  Gas  Passed  103.409  Lb. 
"      Volume 4.007.240  Cu.  Ft. 


□  BltratJOD  of  Air  iDto  Dust-bo^- 
=  OO.O^ot  Total  Weight  o(  Ga'. 


10      iw       30      40       50       60       70      80       90      100  Bags 

Length  of  Dust-box  -  Feet 


Stack  Experiment-  XVI-6 

-  0  10.    -  Time  of  Run.  12  lloura 

9  as  per  Exp's  XV^I  ■  4  uud  5, 
=  l.'iO  Sq.  Ft.  Filtering  Surface. 

locity   tieud  in  lalei  Pipe  1.0-^2"Water 
•  Outlet  Pipe  3.803"    •• 

Average  Temp,  iu  Stack    340  F  " 

•       ■*  Inlet  Pipe  328  F^ 
■•  Outlet  Pipe  161  F 

Average  Velocity  In  Inlet  Pipe  110.87  Ft  P.  Sec, 

•Outlet  Pipe  U8.2t» 

•     Dust^boX        4.58  ••    ■■      ■■ 

"Weight  of  Gas  per  Sq.  Ft.  of  Area  per  Sec, 
In  Inlet  Pipe  5.4451  Lb. 
•■  Outlet  Pipe  8.5825  " 
■  ■      Dust-box    0.2395  •• 

Total  Weight  of  Gas  Passed     181.752  Lb. 
-.      Volume  -■      •'  "    4.060.800  Cu.  Ft. 

Iu  liltratlOD  of  Air  Into  Dust-box  = 
-57.0^  of  Total  Weight  of  Gns. 


I 


IMM^#I 


10      20      30     40      60      60      70      80      90     100 
Length  of  Dust-box  -  Feet 


Bags 


20      30      40      60      60      70      so      00      100  Basra 

Length  of  Dust-box  •   Feet  TtM  Engintlrinj  i  .Viwjnj;  JoKm.f 


Diagrams  Showing  Result  of  Experiments  in  Settling  Dust  at  Copper  Queen  Smeltery 


506 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


screens  are  placed  across  the  direction  of 
How. 

These  results  are  for  our  conditions 
and  are  not  supposed  to  cover  conditions 
where  there  are  considerable  lead  and  zinc 
on  the  charge.  Under  such  conditions 
undoubtedly  a  larger  proportion  will  be 
retained  in  the  bags.     The  valuable  con- 


house  or  any  mechanical  appliance  thst 
there  is  no  machinery  to  operate  and 
maintain.  A  chamber  is  being  construct- 
ed at  the  Copper  Queen  works  to  handle 
the  gases  from  two  furnaces  on  the  lines 
indicated  and  it  is  the  intention  to  test 
this  question  on  a  working  scale. 


Petroleum    in   Venezuela 


There  are  five  known  petroleum  de- 
posits in  Venezuela,  according  to  U.  S. 
Consul  Ralph  J.  Totten,  of  Maricaibo. 
They  are:  (1)  The  district  of  Mara, 
near  the   Limon   river  asphalt   lake;    (2l 


DU.ST 

CH.\R.\CTERISTIC 

>— EXPERIMENT  XV— 5. 

.\raount  of  Dust  Deposited! 

Per  Cent.  Retained  on 

Composition. 

Per  Cent. 
Passing 

100 

130 

200 

200  Mesh 

Gold, 

Silver, 

Copper, 

I.ead, 

Pounds. 

Per  Cent. 

Percent. 

Mesh. 

Mesh. 

Mesh. 

Screen. 

Ounces. 

Ounces. 

Per  Cent. 

Per  Cent. 

Division         T 

17.31 

15   12 

24  06 

1  00 

7.25 

8, 30 

83.23 

0.02 

2.53 

11.10 

0.4 

Divi.sion       11 

10  00 

S   74 

13  90 

0.88 

5.00 

8,37 

85.73 

0  02 

2.93 

12.20 

0.7, 

Division      III 

16.13 

14    10 

22 .  43 

0.88 

4. 88 

6  50 

87.74 

0.03 

2.67 

10.80 

0,8 

Division      I\ 

S .  75 

7.64 

12.16 

0  37 

2.00 

3   50 

94.13 

0.025 

2.92 

10.75 

0,9 

Division        \ 

n.Sl 

5.08 

8.08 

0.25 

0.25 

1   .50 

98.00 

0.023 

3.02 

11.10 

1.0 

Division      V  I 

3.94 

3.44 

5 .  48 

0,25 

0.37 

1    12 

98.26 

0.025 

3.02 

11  .20 

1.0 

Di\isi6n    \  II 

3.50 

3.06 

4.87 

0.00 

0.13 

0,37 

99.30 

0.02 

2.78 

11    35 

1   2 

Division  VIII 

2.56 

2.24 

3.56 

0.00 

0.06 

0,06 

99,88 

0.02 

2.98 

11.20 

1.3 

Division      IX                             .    . 

2.25 

1,97 

3    13 

0.00 

0.13 

0.06 

99,81 

0.02 

2   93 

11    20 

Division        X                     

1.68 

1.47 

2  33 

0.00 

0.37 

0.13 

99.50 

0  02 

2  93 

11    00 

1.8 

Total  box                   

71.93 

62   S6 

100.00 

91.84 

0.024 

2,78 

11.13 

0.83 

Bags 

42  .50 

37    14 

0.01 

3  49 

8.35 

7.3 

Grand  total. 

114  43 

100.00 

0.02 

3,14 

10.09 

3.3 

DU.ST  CH.^R.\CTERISTICS— EXPERIMENT  XVI — 4. 


.\mount  of  Dust  Deposited. 

Per  Cent.  Retained  on 
.Screen  nf 

Composition. 

Per  Cent. 
Passing 

100 

150 

200 

200  Mesh 

Gold, 

Sliver, 

Copper, 

Lead, 

Pounds. 

Per  Cent. 

Per  Cent. 

Mesh. 

Mesh. 

Mesh. 

Screen. 

Ounces. 

Ounces. 

Per  Cent . 

Per  Cent. 

Division         I 

73.31 

20.19 

24.84 

2.12 

14.62 

13.25 

70.01 

0.025 

2.42 

10.83 

0.9 

Division       11 

92.63 

24.83 

30   55 

1.12 

8.40 

6.23 

84.23 

0  025 

2.52 

10.90 

0.9 

Division      III 

68.69 

18.41 

22   65 

0.13 

0.73 

2.00 

97.12 

0.03 

2.72 

11.10 

10 

Divi.sion      I\ 

26.12 

7,00 

0.82 

0.25 

0.62 

0.30 

98.63 

0.02 

2.98 

10.93 

1.7 

Division        \ 

13.88 

3,72 

4. 58 

0.25 

0.25 

0.13 

99  37 

0.04 

3.16 

10.70 

2.8 

Divi.sion      \  I 

8.31 

2,23 

2,74 

0  25 

0  37 

0.13 

99.25 

0  03 

3.17 

10.40 

3.3 

Division    ^  I! 

5  50 

1,47 

1,81 

0.37 

0.38 

0.23 

99  00 

0.025 

3.27 

9.70 

3.6 

Division  A  II I 

4.56 

1,22 

1,51 

100  00 

0  025 

3.37 

9.40 

4.3 

Divi.sion      IX 

4.63 

1,23 

1.52 

0    13 

0.  13 

0.i2 

99.62 

0.025 

3.37 

8,75 

5.3 

Division        X 

3  .56 

0,97 

1.18 

0   13 

0.25 

0.12 

99.50 

0.02 

3  38 

8,00 

7.0 

Total  bo: 

303.19 

81,27 

100.00 

86 .  86 

0.026 

2.69 

10,80 

1 .  39 

Bags 

69.88 

IS ,  73 

0.02 

3.93 

4.93 

15.9 

Grand  total 

373.07 

'       

0.025 

2.92 

9.70 

4    1 

DUST 

CH.\R.\CTERISTICS 

—EXPERIMENT  XVI— 6. 

.\mount  of  Dust  Deposited. 

Per  Cent.  Retained  on 
Screen  of 

Composition. 

Per  Cent. 
Passing 

100 

150 

200 

200  Mesh 

Gold, 

Silver,  ' 

Copper. 
Per  Cent. 

Lead, 

Pounds. 

Per  Cent. 

Percent. 

Mesh. 

Mesh. 

Mesh. 

Screen . 

Ounces. 

Ounces. 

Per  Cent. 

Division         I 

21.12 

10.79 

13.87 

15 

10.2  . 

6  9 

81.4 

0  02 

2.73 

11.50 

1    0 

Division        II 

3 1 .  50 

16.08 

20 .  68 

1.5 

9.0 

SO 

81.5 

0.02 

2.78 

11 .  55 

1 , 1 

Division      III 

25.00 

12 .  78 

16.43 

0.38 

5.0 

5,9 

88 .  72 

0.03 

2.83 

11 .40 

1    1 

Division       I\ 

21) .  00 

10 .  22 

13.  14 

0.25 

2.12 

2.5 

95 .  13 

0.03 

3.02 

11   30 

1.9 

Division         \ 

1  4    70 

7.51 

9.66 

0   12 

0.50 

0.87 

98.51 

0  03 

3.18 

11  .00 

2.0 

Division       \  1 

11.12 

5.68 

7.30 

0.25 

0.37 

0.37 

99.01 

0.03 

3.13 

11.00 

2.5 

Division     \  11 

9.25 

4.72 

6.07 

0.12 

0.12 

0.12 

99.64 

0.02 

3.08 

10.60 

2.7 

Division  \  n  I 

7.94 

4.06 

.5  22 

0.  12 

0.12 

99.76 

0 .  025 

3.  IS 

10.20 

3.2 

Divi.sion      I\ 

6   12 

3.13 

4.02 

0.12 

0.12 

99  76 

0.02 

2.98 

4.5 

Division        X 

5.30 

2.81 

3.61 

0.  12 

0.25 

99  63 

0.02 

2.98 

8 .  95 

6.5 

Total  box 

152  25 

77.78 

100.00 

90.60 

0.023 

2.92 

11    05 

1  95 

Bags 

43.50 

22  22 

.  o-.oi 

3.08 

4.00 

20.7 

Grand  total  . 

195.75 

100.00 

'-  "  " 

0   022 

2.93 

9,48 

6.12 

tents  of  our  ores  are  mainly  copper  with 
a  little  gold  and  silver. 

Chajviber  Being  Built  for  Working 
Test 

If  a  chamber  of  large  area,  properly 
designed  as  to  inlet  and  outlet,  will  settle 
the  fine  dust,  it  then  becomes  a  question 
of  how  far  it  will  pay  to  go  in  this  direc- 
tion.    If  has  the  advantage  over  the  bag 


The  plans  of  the  Alaska  Northern 
railroad  at  Seward  call  for  its  extension 
north  to  the  Matamiska  coalfield,  and  to 
a  point  in  the  Susitna  river  in  the  di- 
rection of  Haiditarod.  The  road  will  fol- 
low the  old  survey  to  mile  14Q.  From 
that  point,  one  branch  will  run  to  the 
Matamiska  field,  38  miles,  and  the  other 
branch  toward  Haiditarod. 


al  Bella  Vista,  near  Maricaibo,  where  oil 
has  been  located  and  wells  are  to  be  sunk 
in  the  near  future  with  the  object  of  sup- 
plying refined  products  for  the  nearby 
market;  (3)  in  the  district  of  Sucre, 
where  evidence  has  been  found  of  the  ex- 
istence of  petroleum  in  conjunction  with 
asphalt;  (4)  on  the  river  Sardinate.  in 
Colombia,   near  the   Venezuelan    frontier. 


September  10,  I9I0. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


507 


Oil  is  being  produced  and  refined  at  the 
veils  at  this  point  at  present  and  being 
marketed  at  nearby  Colombian  cities. 
(5 1  south  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Colon,  State  of  Zulia;  this  seems 
to  be  the  largest  and  most  conveniently 
situated  of  the  oilfields. 

Deposits  South  of  Lake  Maracaibo  or 
Chief  Interest 

A  company  of  Maracaibo  business  men, 
who  have  control  of  this  field  south  of 
Lake  Maracaibo,  are  stated  to  be  about 
to  begin  an  active  campaign  for  the  in- 
teresting of  foreign  and  domestic  capital 
in  the  exploitation  of  this  property.  The 
company  has  an  advantageous  contract 
with  the  Venezuelan  government,  which 
grants  it  free  entrance  for  its  machinery, 
drills  and  supplies. 

These  oilfields  can  be  reached  by  light- 
draft  lake  and  river  steamers  passing  up 
the  Catumba  river  to  the  Tarra,  about  30 
miles  beyond  Encontrados,  then  about 
50  miles  by  the  latter  river  to  La  Paloma. 
The  oil-bearing  territory  extends  from 
this  point  nearly  to  the  Colombian  fron- 
tier. 


and  Colombian  seaports  and  to  the  in- 
terior of  both  republics  by  both  rail  and 
water  combined. 

DisTii.LATiON  Tests  of  Oil 

The  crude  nil  found  is  of  two  classes. 
One  is  thin  enough  to  flow  readily,  hav- 
ing specific  gravity  of  0.8837  at  15  deg. 
C.  The  other  is  quite  thick  and  of  the 
color  and  consistency  of  coal  tar.  Both 
have  an  asphaltic  base.  A  distillation 
test  of  the  thin  oil  gave  the  following 
results:  Between  0  and  120  deg.  C.  0.5 
per  cent.;  between  120  deg.  and  170  deg., 
0.5  per  cent.;  between  170  and  235  deg., 
14  per  cent,  (illuminating);  between  235 
and  270  deg..  28  per  cent,  (illuminating)  ; 
between  270  and  370  deg.,  51  per  cent. 
(lubricating);  coke,  6  per  cent.  The 
product  between  170  and  235  deg.  flashes 
at  62  deg.  C,  and  that  between  235  and 
270  deg.  at  83  deg.  C.  The  viscosity 
of  the  lubricating  oil  is  twice  that  of  wa- 
ter. Thick  oil  gave  the  following  distilla- 
tion results:  Water,  28  per  cent.;  be- 
tween 0  deg.  and  310  deg.  C,  none;  be- 
tween 310  and  370  deg.,  61  per  cent, 
(lubricating);  coke  11  per  cent. 


gives  the  follow'ing  details  concerning  the 
drilling  of  a  235-ft.  hole  with  a  Terry 
Core  drill: 

The  work  was  carried  on  under  dis- 
advantagous  conditions,  it  being  neces- 
sary  to  haul  not  only  fuel  but  also 
water  to  the  drill,  this  item  increas- 
ing the  daily  charge  S4.  Even  under 
these  conditions  the  actual  cost  was  less 
than  SI  per  foot.  Two  men  operated  the 
drill,  working  nine  hours  per  day. 

The  tools  used  were  the  regular  3.(4- 
in.  drill  which  cut  a  4-in.  hole  and  re- 
moved a  2"s-in.  core.  No  close  record 
was  kept  of  the  percentage  of  core  re- 
covered, since  the  company  was  not  in- 
terested in  the  quality  of  slate  overlying 
the  ore,  but  in  the  last  day's  run  from 
the  14  ft.  drilled,  13  ft.  of  core  were  ob- 
tained. 


Gold  Dredges  on  the  Seward 
Peninsula 


A  number  of  new  dredges  have  been 
added  to  the  gold-mining  equipment  of 
Seward  peninsula  this  summer.  The  cost 
of  this  additional  machinery,  which  has 
been  distributed  among  the  many  camps. 


Views  of  a  Dredge  Operating  Near  Nome,  Alaska 


Evidence  of  Deposits 


On  some  rugged  hills,  40  or  50  m. 
above  the  level  of  the  river,  abundant 
evidences  of  the  presence  of  petroleum 
are  said  to  be  found.  About  20  small 
streams  have  sources  on  these  hills  and 
the  waters  of  these  streams  are  constant- 
ly covered  with  a  thick  scum  of  petrole- 
um. The  oil  conies  from  springs,  and 
some  from  fissures,  along  the  banks  of 
the  streams.  In  places  the  surface  of  the 
ground  is  covered  with  a  deposit  of  tar 
sufficiently  thick  to  destroy  vegetation  of 
all  kinds. 

Conditions  Favorable  for  Exploitation 

The  forests  in  this  region  contain  great 
quantities  of  wood  suitable  for  construc- 
tion, and  the  land  is  sufficiently  sloping 
for  the  laying  of  pipe  lines  to  the  river 
port.  La  Paloma,  where  it  is  planned  to 
place  a  refinery.  Venezuela  alone  con- 
sumes about  1,000,000  gal  of  kerosene 
which  is  sold  at  a  price  seldom  lower 
than  42c.  per  gal.  A  good  home  market 
would,  therefore,  be  available,  and  oil 
could  be  shipped  to  all  of  the  Venezuelan 


The  Terry  Core  Drill 

The  Plainfield  Mining  Company,  Plain- 
field,  N.  J.,  under  date  of  Aug.  8,  1910, 


DAILY   RKCORD  OF  A  3MN. 
TEKRY  DRILL. 


Date. 

.Material. 

Daily 
.\dvance. 

.luly  19 
.luly  20 

Earth  4  ft. 
Slate  19  ft. 
Slate  and  .small  particles 

Ft. 
23 
36 

.luly  21 
.luly  22 

.Slate  and  small  particles 

l.i 

Slate  and  .small  particles 

13 

.luly  2:i 
.luly  2.5 
.luly  26 

.stale  and  small  particles 

pyrites 

Slat)'  and  small  particles 

pyrites      

Slate  and  small  particles 

pyrites 

13 
24 
1.5 

.hily  27 

Slate  anil  small  particles 
pyrites 

no 

.luly  28 

Slate  and  small  particles 
pyrites 

.luly  29 

Slate  and  small  particles 
pyrites 

.luly  30 

Slate  and  small  particles 
pyrites 

Aug.   1 
Aug.  2 

Slate  streaked  with  pyrites.  . 
Slate  .streaked  with  pj'rites .  .  . 

Total 

13 
14 

235 

is  estimated  at  ,S700,000.  Estimates  of 
the  U;imined  gold  in  low-grade  gravels  of 
the  peninsula  vary  from  8250,000,000  to 
S50(),000,000.  The  former  figure  was 
reckoned  two  or  three  years  ago  by 
Alfred  H.  Brooks,  chief  of  the  division  of 
Alaskan  mineral  resources,  U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey,  and  thought  by  Nome 
mining  men  to  be  over-conservative. 

Dredging  Operations  Successful 
Owing  to  the  level  character  of  most 
of  the  placer  ground  on  the  peninsula, 
hydraulicking  can  seldom  be  carried  on; 
dredging  seems  to  be  the  only  practicable 
method  for  the  extraction  of  the  wealth 
contained  in  the  gravels.  This  means  of 
recovering  the  gold  has  been  adopted  with 
marked  success.  A  few  dredges  have 
been  operated  through  several  seasons, 
and  returns  have  been  large  on  the  in- 
vestment they  represent.  In  spite  of  the 
high  price  of  fuel  ($20  per  ton)  the  cost 
of  operation  does  not  average,  including 
overhead  charges,  over  about  I8c.  per 
cubic  yard.  Only  unfrozen  ground  is 
dredged  on  account  of  the  high  cost  of 
thawing.     There  are  said  to  be  extensive 


508 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


areas  available  for  dredging  where  the 
ground  runs  over  50c.  in  gold  per  cubic 
yard.  Several  types  of  dredges  are  used, 
the  accompanying  illustrations  being 
made  from  photographs  taken  at  a  plant 
about  three  miles  from  Nome. 

Det.^ils  of  Construction 
The  illustrations  shown  give  an  idea  of 
the  constructional  details  of  one  type  of 
dredge.  The  dredge  is  similar  to  those 
now  generally  used  in  California,  i.e.. 
it  is  a  spud-anchored  boat,  provided  with 
tailings  sluices  and  a  belt-conveyer,  tail- 
ings stacker;  the  machinery  is  electrical- 
ly operated.  The  framing  of  the  gauntrees 
and  spud  casing  is  shown  plainly  in  the 
photographs. 

Another  illustration  published  herewith 
shows  the  clean-up  arrangement  at  a 
placer  mine  a  few  miles  from  Nome.  The 
material   to   be    washed   is   dumped    from 


Cleaning   Up  at  a   Placer  A1i.\e  Near 

NO.ME 

the  aerial  tram  into  the  bin,  from  which 
it  is  drawn  into  the  sluice  boxes.  The 
men  are  shown  cleaning  up  the  sluices. 


Caledonia    Mining    Company 

The  Caledonia  company  in  a  letter  to 
stockholders  announces  that  on  account 
of  the  forest  fires  that  have  been  raging 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mining  district  for 
the  last  six  weeks,  it  has  been  impossi- 
ble to  get  the  necessary  supplies  and 
equipment  to  handle  the  work  of  driving 
the  new  lower  tunnel  of  the  Caledonia 
mine.  However,  conditions  are  improv- 
ing and  it  is  expected  to  have  this  work 
in  progress  in  a  short  time. 

During  July,  ore  to  the  gross  value  of 
S55,000  was  shipped.  After  deducting 
freight,  treatment,  assaying,  sampling, 
etc.,  this  ore  netted  about  60  per  cent. 
of  the  gross  value.  During  the  month 
the  mine  was  closed  three  days  for  the 
celebration  of  the  Fourth  and  four  days 
on  account  of  a  broken  hoist. 


In  August  considerable  annoyance  was 
experienced  on  account  of  forest  fires 
near  the  property,  but  it  is  now  believed 
that  all  danger  from  this  source  is  past. 
The  railroads  have  been  more  or  less 
hampered  from  this  source,  and  at  times 
it  had  been  impossible  to  secure  cars  at 
the  nearest  loading  station,  this  necessi- 
tating hauling  most  of  the  ore  to  Kellogg; 
this  will  increase  the  expense  of  hauling 
for  August.  The  work  during  the  month 
was,  however,  satisfactory  in  the  mine 
and  it  is  claimed  that  the  production  will 
be  larger  than  for  July. 


Loss   of  Oxygen  in  Hydraulic  Air 
Compression 

By  Olin  H.  Landreth* 


The  loss  of  oxygen  in  hydraulic  air 
compression,  mentioned  in  connection 
with  the  compresse,d  air  supplied  to 
Cobalt  mines,  is  due  to  the  well  known 
fact  that  water  will  absorb  different 
amounts  of  different  gases  just  as  it  dis- 
solves different  weights  of  different 
soluble  materials. 

Absorption  of  Oxygen  and  Nitrogen  in 
Water 
For  oxygen  and  nitrogen,  the  accom- 
panying table  gives  the  approximate  per- 
centage by  volume  absorbed  to  the  ab- 
sorbing water.  This  is  stated  for  normal 
pressure  or  one  atmosphere;  for  other 
pressures  the  weights  of  oxygen  absorbed 
increase  in  approximately  direct  propor- 
tion to  the  pressure,  but  as  the  density 

PERCENTAGE    OF    GASES   ABSORBED  TO 
VOLUME  OF  ABSORBING    W.\TER— 
PRESSURE,  ONE  ATMOS- 
PHERE 


Temperature, 

(Oxygen. 

Nitrogen. 

Deg.  C. 

Per  Cent.* 

Per  Cent . 

0 

1.027 

1.856 

o 

0  891 

1   630 

10 

0.787 

1   450 

15 

0  704 

1   307 

20 

0.635 

1    191 

25 

0  575 

1   096 

*Ttiese  are  true  percentages;  ratios  are  1|100 
of  the  above  percentages. 

also  increases  as  the  pressure,  the  vol- 
umes (as  measured  under  the  varying 
pressure )    are  about  constant. 

The  figures  given  in  the  absorption 
table  are  for  atmospheric  oxygen  and 
nitrogen,  not  single,  separate  gases.  They 
therefore  represent  conditions  just  as  one 
would  find  them  in  hydraulic  compression. 
The  table  shows  that  water  absorbs  from 
80  to  90  per  cent,  more  nitrogen  from  the 
atmosphere  than  of  oxygen. 

Oxygen   Absorbed  More   Readily   than 

Nitrogen 

If,  however,  these  tabular  percentages 

be   divided   by   0.21    for  the   oxygen   and 

by  0.79  for  the  nitrogen,  being  the  pro- 

•Denn  of  engineering,  Union  C'ol!e|;e.  Sdie- 
nectady,  N.  Y. 


portions  of  each  gas  in  one  cubic  foot 
of  air,  it  is  seen  that  for  the  same  volume 
of  gas  offered  for  absorption,  oxygen  is 
absorbed  more  than  twice  as  fast  as  nitro- 
gen, and  the  composition  of  the  air  taken 
up  by  the  water  is  richer  in  oxygen  than 
the  original  air.     As  the  absorbed  air  is 

PER    CENT.     OF     GAS    CONTAINED     IN     A 

GIVEN    VOLU.ME    OF    AIR    ABSORBED 

BY  TH.AT  VOLU.ME   OF   W.ATER. 


Tempera- 
ture. 
Deg.  C. 

Ox.vgen. 
Per  Cent . 

Nitrogen, 
Per  Cent . 

Ratio. 
0:N. 

0 

4  89 
4  24 

2  35 

2  07 

2.08 
2.05 

mostly  carried  away  by  the  water  flowing 

from  the  uptake  shaft,  the  air  which  re- 
mains and  which  is  used  for  industrial 
purposes  is  poorer  in  oxygen  than  the 
original  air.  The  absorbed  air  is  largely 
given  up  from  the  water,  but  only  after 
the  water  has  risen  in  the  uptake  till 
the  pressure  is  reduced,  and  even  then 
is  largely  held  in  minute  globules  which 
give  the  water  a  milky  appearance. 


Flue  Dust  Utilization    at    Pittsburg 


Pittsburg  Correspondence 


The  Carnegie  Steel  Company  is  erect- 
ing at  Duquesne,  Penn.,  near  the  Du- 
quesne  steel  works  and  blast  furnaces,  a 
plant  which  is  expected  to  briquet  about 
400  tons  of  fluedust  daily.  The  plant  will 
operate  under  the  American  Grondal  pat- 
ents, a  license  having  been  taken  out 
from  the  American  Grondal  Kjellin  Com- 
pany, New  York.  The  Grondal  process 
avoids  the  use  of  a  binder,  such  as  lime, 
pitch,  tar.  etc.,  often  tried,  which  has  not 
proved  effective,  because  the  binder  is 
dissipated  by  the  heat  in  the  upper  part 
of  the  blast  furnace  or  is  attacked  by  the 
reducing  gas.  Instead  of  using  a  binder 
the  process  compresses  the  dust  slightly 
when  in  a  moist  state,  subsequently  pass- 
ing the  briquets  on  cars  through  a  kiln, 
where  they  are  exposed  to  an  increasing 
temperature  in  an  oxidizing  atmosphere. 

A  60-Per  Cent.  Iron  Product 
The  Carnegie  plant  at  Duquesne  will 
work  upon  the  current  product  of  fiuedust 
from  the  Steel  Corporation  furnaces  in 
the  general  Pittsburg  district  and  will 
probably  also  operate  upon  some  accumu- 
lations which  have  been  preserved.  The 
process  to  be  employed  is  expected  to 
eliminate  all  coke  and  volatile  matter, 
thus  producing  briquets  containing  more 
than  60  per  cent.  iron.  On  account  of  its 
purity  it  is  expected  that  at  least  a  part 
of  the  product  will  be  used  in  open- 
hearth  steel  practice. 

It  is  stated  that  75  Grondal  briquetting 
kilns  are  in  operation,  chiefly  in  England, 
Spain,  Italy,  Sweden,  Norway  and  the 
United  States,  producing  more  than 
1,000.000  tons  of  briquets  annually. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


509 


Comparison  of  Gyratory  and  Jaw  Crushers 

Gyratory  a  Machine  of  Greater  Weight,    Capacity  and   Installed  Horse- 
power;  Blake  Requires  Less  Space  and  Repairs;  Both  Should  Be  Used 


B  Y 


H 


L 


WOLLE   NBERG^ 


Tlie  jaw  and  gyratory  crushers  arc 
the  two  distinct  types  of  crushers  ex- 
tensively used  for  the  preliminary  re- 
duction of  rock  and  ore.  The  well 
known  Dodge  and  Blake  crushers  are 
the  best  examples  of  the  jaw  type  and 
have  been  widely  used  for  many  years. 
Aside  from  some  modifications  in  the 
method  of  applying  the  thrust  and  in 
the  construction  of  the  frame,  these  ma- 
chines as  built  today  are  similar  to  the 
early  designs.  The  gyratory  type  of  rock 
breaker  was  introduced  about  1885.  Its 
large  capacity  was  its  most  attractive 
feature  and  led  to  its  rapid  introduction. 
The  early  designs  were  faulty  in  many 
features.     There   is   an   improved   design 


chine,  irrespective  of  size  or  service,  and 
these  are  generally  fairly  well  recognized. 
Of  greater  importance,  and  less  gen- 
erally appreciated,  are  the  characteristics 
of  each  machine  for  a  particular  size 
and  service. 

Table  1  has  been  prepared  to  show  at 
a  glance  the  comparative  features  of  the 
two  iypes  over  a  wide  range  of  sizes  and 
services.  All  ihe  machines  quoted  in  the 
table,  except  the  two  largest  sizes  of 
gyratory  crushers,  are  standard  sizes.  The 
weights,  capacities,  required  power,  etc., 
are  those  guaranteed  by  the  manufactur- 
ers for  average  conditions  with  hard  fri- 
able rock.  The  machines  quoted  in  the 
table   to   deliver   a   certain-sized   product 


the  Blake  type.  In  other  words,  we  may 
vary  the  width  or  the  length  of  the  feed 
opening  in  the  Blake  type  independently 
of  each  other,  while  in  the  gyratory  type 
the  width  of  the  feed  opening  controls  the 
entire  design,  and  the  whole  machine 
must  be  proportioned  accordingly.  This 
is  an  important  characteristic  and  has 
great  influence  in  defining  the  field  of 
each  type. 

Weight,  Capacity  and  Horsepovcer 

Table  2,  which  is  computed  from  the 
data  given  in  Table  1,  indicates  a  notable 
superiority  of  the  gyratory  type  as  re- 
gards efficiency  of  power  consumption 
and  capacity  per  ton   weight  of  crusher. 


T.\BLE 

1.     COxMPARATIVE  FEATURES  OF  J.4lW  AND  GYRATORY  CRUSHERS. 

Crushing  from               

7  to 

l.V  in. 

10  to 

1}  in. 

12  to 

2*  in. 

18  to  3i  in. 

24  to  5  in. 

36  to  12  in. 

42  to 

16  in. 

Tvpp  of  crusher                   .... 

Blake 

Gyra- 
tory 

Blake 

Gyra- 
tory 

Blake. 

Gyra- 
tory. 

Blake. 

Gyra- 
tory. 

Blake. 

Gyra- 
tory. 

Blake. 

Gyra- 
tory. 

Blake. 

Gyra- 
tory. 

Size  of  feed  opening  in  inches . 

10x7 

7x56 

20x10 

10x80 

24x12 

12x88 

36x18 

18x136 

36x24 

24x198 

42x36 

36x282 

60x42 

42x345 

Capacity  in  tons  per  hour 

4- 

7 

12 

30 

25 

70 

60 

130 

83 

400 

160 

900 

300 

1200 

Weight  in  tons         

4 

8 

9 

18 

15 

24 

29 

50     - 

30 

95 

55 

200 

100 

300 

Hourly  capacity -^  tons  weight. 

1 

0.87 

1.25 

IP  1.66 

1.67 

2.91 

2.07 

2.60 

2.83 

4  22 

2.90 

4.5 

3 

4 

Installed  horsepower 

8 

12 

20 

25 

30 

50 

65 

90 

65 

150 

100 

200 

150 

250 

Hourly  capacity,  in.stalled  H.P. 

0   5 

O.iS 

0.60 

1.20 

0.83 

1.40        0.92 

1.44 

1.31 

2  67 

1.60 

4.5 

2 

4.R 

Height  in  feet  (discharge  spout 
to  feed  floor) 

3 

3i 

3 

-i 

5 

8 

6 

10 

6 

15 

7 

23 

S 

26 

Width   in   feet    (i;icluding   the 

6i 

10 

^ 

13 

8 

13 

13 

13 

13 

20 

13 

27 

15 

30 

lyength  in  feet  (overall) 

5i 

.=> 

9 

6 

10 

6          1    12 

12 

12 

12 

15 

18 

16 

21 

which  has  become  more  or  less  stand- 
ard with  the  several  manufacturers. 
This  is  the  suspended-shaft,  two-arm- 
spider,  drop-bottom  type  with  cut-steel 
bevel  gears,  forced  oil  circulation,  man- 
ganese-steel crushing  head  and  con- 
caves. 

Since  it  is  possible  to  purchase  either 
type  of  crusher  in  almost  any  size  and 
with  the  assurance  that  the  design  and 
construction  are  adequate  for  the  work 
intended,  the  choice  of  type  can  be  made 
strictly  on  the  basis  of  suitability  and 
economy.  There  arc  fads  in  machinery 
as  well  as  in  millinery.  The  rapid  de- 
velopment of  the  gyratory  crusher  and  its 
success  in  meeting  severe  requirements 
have  led  many  to  advocate  the  complete 
retirement  of  the  jaw  type.  It  is  "the 
purpose  of  this  paper  to  show  that  each 
type  has  a  field  in  which  it  is  superior, 
[  and  to  define  the  limits  of  each.  There 
are  certain  advantages  and  disadvantages 
that   are    inherent    in   each    type    of   ma- 

•Mining    engineer.    .Juneau.    Alaska. 


are  the  medium  sizes  adapted  to  that 
product,  as  both  larger  and  smaller  ma- 
chines, within  small  limits,  could  be  ad- 
justed to  produce  a  certain  size  of  ma- 
terial. The  particulars  of  the  3()x282-in. 
and  the  42x345-in.  gyratory  crushers  are 
only  approximate,  as  the  largest  standard 
size  manufactured  is  24xl98-in.  Gyratory 
crushers  larger  than  24x198  in.  have  been 
built  to  special  design. 

Size  of  Feed 

Inspection  of  the  compiled  and  calcu- 
lated data  in  Table  I  reveals  the  follow- 
ing interesting  comparisons:  It  develops 
that  in  each  case  the  gyratory  is  a  ma- 
chine of  greater  weight,  capacity  and 
horsepower  than  the  Blake  crusher  for 
the  same  size  feed  and  product.  The 
feed  opening  of  the  Blake  type  is  rec- 
tangular, that  of  the  gyratory  is  neces- 
sarily the  segment  of  a  ring.  From  this 
fact  it  follows  that  the  weight  and  ca- 
pacity of  a  gyratory  crusher  will  increase 
more  rapidly  with  an  increase  in  the 
width  of  the  receiving  opening  than  will 


In  all  cases  tabulated,  except  the  first 
(crushing  from  7  to  iy<  in.),  the  relative 
capacity  of  the  gyratory  is  greater  than 
either  the  relative  weight  or  required 
power.  Referring  to  the  third  column  of 
Table  2,  it  appears  that  in  this  case  the 
weight  of  the  gyratory  is  l.ti  times  that  of 
the  Blake  crusher  for  the  same  size  feed 
and  product,  but  the  capacity  of  the  gyra- 
tory is  2.8  times  that  of  the  Blake,  and 
the  relative  power  required  is  only  1.66. 
This  comparison  between  the  two  types  is 
also  emphasized  by  the  values  of  ca- 
pacity per  installed  horsepower  which 
were  computed  for  Table  1.  The  gyra- 
tory is  shown  to  vary  from  O.-SS  ton  per 
hour  per  installed  horsepower,  in  the 
smallest  size  tabulated,  to  4.80  for  the 
largest  size,  while  the  Blake  has  the 
values  0.50  to  2  for  the  same  condi- 
tions. The  greater  duty  per  installed 
horsepower  in  the  gyratory  type  is  due  to 
several  reasons.  A  jaw  crusher  must 
break  a  rock  by  simple  compressive  force, 
high  stresses  being  obtained  by  impact. 
The  gyratory  has  the  advantage  of  break- 


510 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September    10,  1910. 


ing  a  large  number  of  pieces  by  beam 
action  because  of  the  concave  shape  of 
the  shell  and  the  convex  shape  of  the 
crushing  head.  This  action  introduces 
both  compressive  and  tensile  stresses  in 
the  piece  of  rock,  causing  it  to  break  with 
less  exertion  of  force  because  the  ten- 
sile strength  of  rock  or  ore  is  only  a 
fraction  of  its  compressive  strength. 

The  gyratory  is  more  economical  of 
power  owing  to  its  continuous  action.  A 
jaw  breaker  consumes  a  large  amount  of 
energy  in  overcoming  the  inertia  of  the 
heavy  and  rapidly  reciprocating  parts. 
Another  feature  which  helps  to  account 
for  the  relatively  large  amount  of  power 
that  is  installed  for  Blake  crushers  is  the 
intermittent  character  of  the  work.  The 
demand  is  irregular,  and  may  tempo- 
rarily far  exceed  the  average,  so  a 
crusher  of  the  jaw  type  must  be  liber- 
ally equipped  with  power. 

Comparison   of  Operating  Advantages 

Reference  to  Table  1  shows  the  marked 
advantage  of  the  Blake  over  the  gyratory 


one  machine  of  either  type,  which  gives 
an  important  advantage  to  the  gyratory 
in  those  cases  where  its  larger  capacity 
enables  it  to  replace  two  or  more  jaw 
crushers. 

Repairs 

Repairs  are  more  difficult  to  make,  and 
possibly  more  frequent,  with  the  gyratory 
type.  The  critical  mechanical  feature  of 
the  gyratory  is  the  eccentric  drive  on  the 
lower  end  of  the  main  shaft.  With  hard 
rock  and  heavy  feeding  it  requires  ef- 
ficient lubrication  to  keep  the  bearings 
cool.  A  well  designed  Blake  crusher  is 
easier  to  keep  in  order.  The  introduction 
of  steel  castings  for  the  main  frame  of 
the  jaw  crushers  has  increased  the 
strength  and  lessened  the  weight  of  that 
important  part.  As  regards  vibration  dur- 
ing operation  the  gyratory  is  superior,  as 
if  runs  very  steadily. 

The  consideration  of  relative  merits  for 
a  specified  capacity,  and  the  comparisons 
drawn  therefrom  are  all  on  the  basis  of  a 
given  size  of  feed  and  product.     It  would 


T.\BLE 

2.     REL.\TIVE   WEIGHTS.  CAP.A.CITIES  AND  HORSEPOWER 
The  Blake  Crusher  being  taken  as  unity  in  each  ease. 

Crushing  from..  . . 

7  to  IJ  in. 

10  to  IJ  in. 

12  to  2i  in.  18  to  3i  in. 

24  to  5  in. 

36  to  12  in. 

42  to  16  in. 

Relative  weight  of 
g.vratory 

2.0 

1 
2.0          1        1 . 60 

1.72 

3.16 

3.6.i 

3.00 

Relative        horse- 
power of  gyra- 

1.50 

1.25 

1.66 

1.3!) 

2.32 

2.00 

1 .65 

Relative   capacity 
of  gyratory. . . . 

1.75 

2.5 

2.80       !       2.17 

.„ 

5.62 

4.0 

tion,  and  one  attendant.  If,  however,  ad- 
vantages are  to  be  gained,  as  in  small 
stamp  mills,  by  dividing  the  work  be- 
tween several  small  crushers  so  as  to 
avoid  conveying  the  crushed  material  and 
gain  bin  storage  without  additional  hight, 
two  small  Blake  crushers  might  be  se- 
lected in  preference  to  one  gyratory.  It 
should  be  noted  that  the  relative  weight 
of  the  two  types  is  not  an  exact  index  of 
the  relative  first  cost,  because  the  gyra- 
tory crushers  are  sold  at  a  higher  price 
per  pound  than  the  Blake  type.  There 
are  other  factors  affecting  first  cost  be- 
sides the  price  of  the  machine  at  the  man- 
ufacturer's works. 

Rock  Breakers  vs.  Bulldozing 
Referring  to  the  last  columns  of  the 
tables,  there  is  a  most  interesting  case 
which  is  not  generally  well  understood. 
We  are  dealing  with  large  receiving 
openings  and  coarse  crushing.  During 
the  last  few  years  a  demand  has  arisen 
for  crushers  of  this  magnitude  in  order 
to  introduce  economies  in  the  mining  and 
milling  of  ores.  It  has  long  been  recog- 
nized that  rock  breaking  is  cheaper  than 
stamp  milling  down  to  a  size  of  about 
one  inch,  and  now  it  is  beginning  to  be 
understood  that  rock  breaking  is  cheaper 
than  bulldozing  and  sledging  pieces  sev- 
eral feet  in  each  dimension.  This,  of 
course,  applies  only  to  large-scale  opera- 
tions where  the  amount  to  be  handled  and 
the  transportation  equipment  render  such 
an  installation  feasible.  To  show  the 
economies    possible    in    this    direction    it 


type  as  regards  the  hight  of  crusher. 
This  is  an  important  item,  as  it  controls 
the  hight  of  buildings.  In  addition  to  the 
greater  actual  hight  of  the  gyratory  it  re- 
quires much  clear  headroom  both  above 
and  below  the  machine  for  the  necessary 
raising  and  lowering  of  the  parts.  The 
floor  space  occupied  is  about  the  same 
for  either  machine  for  a  certain  size  feed 
and  product. 

The  concave  shape  of  the  rigid  shell 
of  the  gyratory,  resulting  in  breaking 
some  of  the  rock  by  beam  action,  causes 
the  materia!  to  be  more  cubical  in  form 
than  the  product  of  a  jaw  crusher.  For 
this  reason  the  gyratory  usually  gives  the 
most  uniform  product  from  a  given  ore  or 
rock. 

Other  conditions  being  equal,  there  is 
less  actual  wear  on  the  liners  of  a  jaw 
crusher,  because  the  tendency  toward  a 
certain  grinding  action  cannot  be  en- 
tirely eliminated  from  the  gyratory  type. 
Owing  to  the  conical  shape  of  the  con- 
cave liners  of  a  gyratory  they  cannot  be 
reversed  when  worn  at  the  bottom.  The 
plates  for  a  jaw  crusher  can  be  arranged 
to  be  turned  end  for  end  when  the 
lawer  part  becomes  badly  worn.  For  these 
reasons  the  renewals  for  the  gyratory 
type  are  a  greater  expense  than  in  the 
jaw  type. 

Provided  the  feed  is  previously  reduced 
to  proper  size,  attendance  is  the  same  for 


TABLE  3.     SIZE   ANALYSIS 
Crushing  Plant  designed  for  125  tons  per  hour 


Ton's  per -Hour  between 

36  and  12  in. 

12  and  3  in. 

3  and  1}  in. 

1 }  in  and  under 

55 

40 

30 
70 

15 

is 

30 
60 

15 

Feed  to  first  crusher 

Product  of  first  crusher 

Feed  to  second  crusher                         .  . 

id 

Product  of  second  crusher         

40 

Feed  to  third  crusher 

Product  of  third  crusher 

60 

be  desirable  to  compare  the  two  types 
on  the  basis  of  given  capacity  as  well  as 
size  of  feed  and  product,  but  this  is  not 
possible.  When  we  designate  the  feed 
and  product,  the  size  and  capacity  of  the 
appropriate  crusher  of  each  type  is  de- 
termined thereby,  and  these  vary  widely 
for  the  two  types.  The  bearing  that  the 
required  capacity  has  upon  the  compari- 
son of  merits,  although  left  for, the  last, 
is  all  important,  as  will  be  shown. 

Consider  the  case  in  the  first  column  of 
Tables  1  and  2.  This  is  the  only  case  of 
those  tabulated  in  which  the  gyratory 
does  not  excel  in  capacity  per  ton  weight 
of  machine.  If,  however,  a  particular  in- 
stallation required  the  capacity  afforded 
by  the  7x56-in.  gyratory  (seven  tons  per 
hourl,  it  might  be  selected  in  place  of 
two  10x7-in.  Blake  crushers,  because  of 
the  economv  of  one  machine,  one  founda- 


may  be  noted  that  at  the  Treadwell  mines 
in  1903'  the  amount  of  powder  used  in 
sloping  was  0.34  lb.  per  ton  of  ore  mined, 
while  it  required  0.85  lb.  per  ton  mined  to 
bulldoze  this  rock  after  it  was  sloped.  It 
required  one  man  breaking  rock  for  each 
machine  drill.  Much  labor  was  necessary 
on  the  feed  floor  of  the  crusher.  The 
gyratory  crushers  in  use  did  not  receive 
large  pieces.  It  is  understood  that  im-  j. 
provements  in  this  direction  are  now  m 
planned. 

Returning  to  the  tabulated  features  of 
the  crushers  with  large  feed  opening,  one 
i.>  impressed  at  once  with  the  enormous 
capacity  and  colossal  size  of  the  gyratory 
machines  for  this  class  of  work.  While 
the  calculations  show  that  the  gyratory 

'I'he  Trendwell  Oroitp  of  Minos.  Donfflas. 
Aliiskn,  hy  It.  A.  Kinzle,  Trans.  A.  I.  SI.  K., 
tno3. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


511 


crushers  in  these  sizes  have  marked  ad- 
vantages in  elTiciency,  their  tremendous 
size  and  cost  are  prohibitive  unless  their 
large  capacities  can  be  utilized.  The 
36\282-in.  gyratory  is  estimated  to  have 
a  capacity  of  900  tons  per  hour  to  a  12- 
in.  product,  and  the  42x345-in.  1200  tons 
per  hour  to  16-in.  It  would  be  a  remark- 
able mining  or  quarrying  operation  that 
would  furnish  large  material  at  such  a 
rate,  and  that  is  why  we  do  not  hear  of 
gyratory  crushers  of  such  dimensions. 
Some  machines  have  been    built    larger 

Perci 
10  20  30  40 


Stamp  mill  will  be  considered.  Assume 
a  wide  body  of  hard  ore,  which  can  be 
mined  cheaply  if  the  ore  does  not  have 
to  be  blasted  beyond  what  is  necessary  to 
break  it  from  the  solid,  and  adequate 
transportation  facilities  are  provided  to 
convey  the  laryc  materia!  to  the  crushing 
house.  I  further  assume  that  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  character  of  the  vein  and 
the  general  conditions  of  mining  are  such 
that  it  will  be  desirable  to  provide  for 
receiving  pieces  up  to  36x42  in.  Assume 
that  the  stamps  have  a  capacity  of  5  tons 

i?ntasres 

50  CO  70  SO  ^0  lOD 


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— — - 



1 

k^ 

^ 

-—^ 

— — 



— 

S 

sg; 

— — 

10 


20 


30 


to 


70 


80  90  100 


50  60 

Percentages 

Diagram  for  Determining  the  Percentage  of  Various  Sized  Products 
FROM  Rock  Crushers 


than  24xl98-in.,  but  they  are  not  likely 
to  come  into  general  use.  On  the  other 
hand  the  large  Blake  crushers  are  com- 
monly built  and  successfully  installed. 
Their  capacity  is  usually  in  excess  of  the 
requirement  but,  as  is  evident  from  Table 
1,  not  to  the  prohibitive  extent  that  is 
true  of  the  gyratory  type. 

Crushing  Plant  for  200-Stamp  Mill 

I      As  an  illustration  of  the  application  of 

I  the  preceding  data   and   conclusions,   the 

design   of   a   crushing;   plant    for    a   200- 


per  day,  then  for  the  200-stamp  mill  1000 
tons  per  day  crushed  to  pass  a  l)<i-in. 
ring  (equivalent  to  I '4 -in.  cube)  must 
be  delivered  by  the  proposed  crushing 
plant.  It  is  apparent  that  the  ore  must  be 
crushed  in  stages.  Since  the  initial  crush- 
ers of  large  receiving  opening  will  of  ne- 
cessity have  a  large  capacity,  it  will  be 
best  to  concentrate  the  crushing  into  one 
8-hour  shift,  thus  introducing  economies 
in  operation.  This  calls  for  a  crushing 
capacity  of  125  tons  per  hour. 

In  Table  3  the  distribution  of  sizes  in 


nin-of-mine  ore  is  obtained  from  experi- 
ence. The  percentages  of  the  different 
sized  particles  in  the  product  delivered  by 
any  particular  crusher  may  be  found  by 
consulting  the  diagram  shown  in  Fig.  1. 
For  example,  when  crushing  to  pass  a  6- 
in.  ring,  81  per  cent,  will  pass  a  5-in. 
ring,  and  about  20  per  cent,  will  go 
through  a  1  '.--in.  ring.  This  diagram  was 
constructed  by  the  Power  and  Mining  Ma- 
chinery Company,  and  is  stated  to  be  the 
result  of  the  compilation  of  a  large 
amount  of  experimental  data.  The  re- 
sults obtained  are  stated  to  have  been 
uniform,  and  the  diagram  is  recom- 
mended to  be  used  to  determine  the  per- 
centages of  certain  sized  products  from 
any  crusher,  roll,  or  screen.  The  dia- 
gram is  approximately  correct  for  hard 
friable  ore,  and  proper  allowance  must 
be  made  if  the  rock  has  any  inherent  ten- 
dency to  break  in.  a  certain  way. 

Blake  Preferred  as  Initial  Crusher 

Taking  the  required  capacities  and  du- 
ties as  arrived  at  in  Table  3,  and  re- 
ferring to  Table  1,  it  is  apparent  that  we 
would  select  the  42x3()-in.  Blake  crusher 
for  the  initial  breaker.  This  machine  has 
excess  capacity  over  what  is  required,  but 
not  such  enormous  excess  cost  and  ca- 
pacity as  a  gyratory  for  the  same  work. 
For  the  secondary  crushing  one  12x88- 
iii.  gyratory  is  strikingly  superior,  as  it 
would  require  three  24x1 2-in.,  or  two 
40xl2-in.,  or  two  36xl8-in.  Blake  crush- 
ers for  the  same  capacity.  For  the  final 
crushing  two  8xti0-in.  gyratory  crushers 
would  be  indicated. 

If  the  ore  formation  and  conditions  of 
mining  and  transportation  were  such  that 
an  initial  crusher  to  receive  pieces  24x36- 
in.  was  sufficiently  large,  it  would  be 
found,  upon  making  a  size  analysis  sim- 
ilar to  that  shown  in  Table  3  for  36x42- 
in.,  that  one  36x24-in.  Blake  machine 
crushing  to  4-in.,  followed  by  two  10x80- 
in.  gyratory  crushers  each  giving  a  pro- 
duct to  pass  a  l-H-in.  ring,  would  meet 
the  conditions. 

In  an  installation  of  the  size  considered 
above,  the  crushing  plant  would  be  sepa- 
rate from  the  mill,  the  crushed  product 
being  delivered  to  the  ore  bins  by  con- 
veyers. The  large  initial  crusher  must 
have  a  solid  foundation,  preferably  rest- 
ing directly  on  the  ground.  The  large 
pieces  to  be  handled  make  it  imperative 
that  the  ore  be  dumped  into  a  receiving 
hopper  that  feeds  directly  to  the  large 
crusher.  If  a  gravity-plant  site  is  not 
available  or  desirable,  there  is  no  diffi- 
culty in  elevating  the  product  of  the  ini- 
tial crusher  for  further  reduction. 

The  conclusions  reached  above  are  in 
accordance  with  the  most  advanced  prac- 
tice. The  economy  of  breaking  by  crusher 
over  bulldozing  and  sledging  is  beginning 
to  be  appreciated.  Recent  installations 
in  South  Africa  employ  large  Blake 
crushers  for  initial  breakers,  followed  by 
gyratory  machines  preliminary  to  stamp 
milling.      A    notable    installation    in    the 


512 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September    10,  1910. 


United  States  is  that  of  a  60x42-in.  Far- 
rell-Bacon  jaw  crusher  capable  of  break- 
ing down  to  16-in.  the  largest  pieces  of 
hard  iron  ore  that  can  be  handled  by  a 
70-ton  steam  shovel.  Other  plants  where 
economies  have  been  secured  by  intro- 
ducing large  initial  crushers  of  the  Far- 
rell-Bacon  jaw  type  are  the  Granby 
mines,  Phosnix,  B.  C".,  the  British  Co- 
h:mbia  Copper  Company  and  the  Nato- 
mas  Consolidated  of  California". 

In  conclusion  it  may  be  said  that  while 
each  type  has  a  field  in  which  it  is  su- 
perior, no  sharp  lines  can  be  drawn  be- 
cause of  the  many  factors  involved.  It  is 
believed,  however,  that  with  the  aid  of 
the  data  here  presented  an  investigation 
along  the  lines  indicated  will  quickly  in- 
dicate the  most  desirable  machine  for  any 
particular  service. 


Production  of  Ammonia  by 
Synthesis 


By  Alfred  Gradenwitz* 

Owing  to  the  rapid  increase  in  the 
demand  for  combined  nitrogen,  the  man- 
ufacture of  ammonia  from  nitrogen  and 
hydrogen  may  attain  a  position  of  in- 
dustrial importance.  The  production  of 
ammonia  from  its  elements  has  been 
considered  impossible  from  a  technical 
point  of  view,  as  the  well  known  inert- 
ness of  nitrogen  at  low  temperature  and 
the  limited  affinity  between  this  element 
and  hydrogen  at  high  temperatures 
seemed  to  exclude  any  possibility  of 
practical  success.  However,  Doctor 
Haber,  professor  at  the  Karlsruhe  Tech- 
nical High  School,  in  a  series  of  experi- 
ments, carried  out  with  the  assistance  of 
R.  Le  Rossignol,  secured  the  immediate 
combination  of  the  two  elements  by  em- 
ploying great   pressure. 

The  result  of  the  experiments  indi- 
cated that  it  was  practicable  to  use 
working  pressures  as  high  as  200  at- 
mospheres and  that  a  suitable  speed  of 
reaction  would  be  obtained  at  such  high 
pressures. 

Complete    Combination    of    Hydrogen 
AND  Nitrogen  Obtained 

Complete  combination  of  the  elements 
is  readily  obtained  by  means  of  a  cir- 
culation under  high  pressure  in  a  closed 
cycle  consisting  of  a  reaction  vessel,  a 
precipitation  vessel,  and  a  circulation 
pump.  After  being  liquefied  by  mod- 
crate  cooling  in  the  precipitation  vessel, 
the  ammonia  can  be  drawn  off  in  a  liq- 
uid or  gaseous  condition,  leaving  the 
unused  amounts  of  nitrogen  and  hydro- 
gen behind  in  the  cycle. 

The    accompaaying    illustration   repre- 

^"Kqiilpraent  and  <")i'(*  IIundllnK  at  Oorn- 
wall  Mine,"  Enu.  a.nd  .Min.  .Imfkn.,  Oct.  !•. 
190!), 

=  1/(11.  find  Set  Prens.  Xov.   0,   inoo. 

•3   npcenstmrcor   sIrnsRp,    Rorlln,   Oermnny. 


sents  a  high-pressure  circulation  appar- 
atus used  by  Professor  Haber  at  a  re- 
cent lecture.  It  can  be  operated  con- 
tinuously at  a  pressure  of  185  atmos- 
pheres, producing  90  grams  of  liquid 
ammonia  per  hour.  The  reaction  vessel 
can  be  provided  with  a  heat  regenerator, 
which  becomes  more  important  as  the 
temperature  of  the  reaction  increases. 
Instead  of  discharging  the  ammonia  by 
liquefying,  it  may  be  drawn  off  by  ab- 
sorption, either  under  the  same  high 
pressure  or  after  a  convenient  expansion 
of  the   gases. 

Efficiency  of  Various  Catalyzers 

Extensive  experiments  on  the  effici- 
ency of  various  catalyzers  at  pressures 
close  to  200  atmospheres  has  shown 
osmium  to  exert  an  excellent  catalytic 
action.     As   osmium   is  very   scarce,   the 


ture  in  the  reaction  vessel  is  chosen  at  a 
suitable    figure. 

The  Badische  Anilin  und  Soda  Fabrik, 
at  Ludwigshafen,  is  further  developing 
the  process  so  that  the  high-pressure  sys- 
thesis  of  ammonia  from  its  elements 
may  be  safely  counted  among  the  pro- 
cesses on  which  we  can  depend  for 
yielding  new  sources  of  nitrogen  pro- 
ducts. 


Tin  Ore  in  Canada 


The  discovery  of  tin  ore  near  Arnprior, 
Ont.,  is  reported  by  William  M.  Courtis, 
of  Detroit,  Mich.  Two  years' ago  a  shaft 
was  sunk  on  a  calcite  vein  to  prospect  a 
galena  deposit.  What  was  supposed  to  be 
blende  was  found,  and  thrown  over  the 
dump  as  worthless.  This  waste  material 
was  recentlv  tested  and  was  found  to  con' 


Apparatus  for  Synthetical  Production  of  Ammonia 


Iti'l'ci-i'iice    minibors    Indicate:     (1)     Ileaction  ehanilier.       {'!)    Ijiqueflei' 


cii'cnhuion  inimp.      (4)    Oaa  supply.      (5)    Amnjunia   dischaige. 


( (i  I 


(3 1    High-pressure 
Testing:  coclt. 


experimenter  sought  another  catalyzer 
more  abundantly  present  in  nature. 
Uranium  was  found  to  be  quite  suitable 
for  this  purpose. 

Uranium  reduced  by  an  electrical  arc 
from  uranium  oxide,  is  dissociated  in  a 
gaseous  mixture  at  high  pressures  into 
a  very  fine  powder,  absorbing  nitrogen, 
excellent  catalytic  action  having  been 
demonstrated  at  a  temperature  below 
500  deg.  Centigrade. 

These  results  would  seem  to  prove  the 
commercial  possibilities  of  the  process. 
The  amount  of  energy  required  for  com- 
pression and  for  effecting  the  circulation 
of  gases  is  low,  and  the  heat  and  cold 
requirements  are  said  to  be  of  second- 
ary   importance,    provided    the    tempera- 


tain  4' J  to  10  per  cent,  tin  as  cassiterite 
and'  stannite.  The  deposit  is  said  to 
cover  a  large  area,  and  ample  water 
power  is  available  within  one  mile  of  the 
property. 


According  to  the  Journ.  Soc.  Chem. 
Ind.,  titaniferous  iron  ore  is  first 
smelted  with  carbon,  and  the  reduced 
crude  iron  drawn  off.  The  slag, 
rich  in  titanium,  is  converted  into  a  re- 
ducing agent  by  strongly  heating  it  with 
carbon,  and  is  then  mixed,  at  a  tempera- 
ture of  about  2000  deg,  C,  with  subse- 
quent charges  of  ore,  which  are  thereby 
reduced  to  silicious  iron  free  from  titan- 
ium, and  a  slag  rich  in  titanium  and  poor 
in   iron. 


I 


September  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


513 


Exploration  of  Contact  Metamorphic  Ore  Deposits 

Orebodies  In  Pure  Limestone  Are  Irregular  and  Limited  to  Short  Distance 
from  Contact.      Deposits  in  Argillaceous  Limestone  of  Greater  Importance 


B    Y 


C. 


A. 


STEWART 


Several  years  ago  Waldemar  Lindgren 
described  the  character  and  genesis  of 
certain  ore  deposits  found  in  contact- 
nietamorphic  zones,  produced  by  the  in- 
trusion of  igneous  rocks  into  sediments  . 
Since  then  further  investigation  has  dis- 
closed facts  and  evolved  theories  not 
considered  in  that  paper.  It  is  the  pur- 
pose of  this  article  to  summarize  such  of 
these  later  views  as  may  be  of  interest 
to  engineers  engaged  in  prospecting  or 
exploring  orebodies  of  this  class. 

Definition  and  General  Characters 

Contact-metamorphic  deposits  are  ore- 
bodies  resulting  from  the  action  of  igne- 
ous rocks  upon  the  sediments  which  they 
penetrate'.  They  occur  most  often  in 
calcareous  sediments  near  the  contact 
with  an  acidic  intrusive,  and  are  dis- 
tinguished most  readily  by  their  associa- 
tion with  the  contact-metamorphic  sili- 
cates of  which  the  most  common  are  gar- 
net, epidote,  diopside,  tremolite,  actino- 
lite  and  wollastonite.  Many  rarer  min- 
erals are  found  in  subordinate  amounts, 
among  them  vesuvianite.  scapolite,  fluo- 
rite  and  tourmaline,  although  the  scarcity 
of  these  last  minerals,  supposedly  char- 
acteristic of  pneumatolysis  is  notable. 
The  most  common  ore  minerals  are  py- 
rite,  chalcopyrite  and  magnetite:  less  of- 
ten bornite,  pyrrhotite,  specularite,  sphal- 
erite and  galena.  Weed  has  called  atten- 
tion to  tellurides,  arseno-pyrite  and  bis- 
muth minerals'.  .Most  of  the  workable 
deposits  of  this  class  are  copper  or  iron 
ores,  but  lead  and  zinc  are  not  unknown, 
although  of  the  two  zinc  seems  the  more 
abundant.  The  gold  and  silver  are  usu- 
ally low. 

Many  contact  metamorphic  deposits 
have  the  irregular  bunchy  shape  common 
to  limestone  replacements;  in  some  cases, 
however,  they  may  hold  sharply  to  cer- 
tain Ijeds;  and  in  rarer  instances  they 
cut  the  surrounding  rotks  in  a  manner 
resembling  dikes.  The  connection  be- 
tween origin  and  shape  will  be  discussed 
late-. 

Origin  of  the  Gancue  Minerals 

It  is  a  theory  widely  accepted  among 
economic  geologists  that  the  metamor- 
phic silicates  forming  the  gangue  of 
these  deposits  are  the  result  of  substances 
contributed   to   the   limestone   bv    the    in- 


•Inslrucli)!-   In   ycology,   Cornpll    InlviTsllv. 
Mh.iiii.   \.  Y. 

•Trann.    A.    I.    M.    E.,    XX.Xl.    pp.    226-L>24, 

"Tmny.    A.     I.     M.     K..    X.XXI.    pp.     220-244 
pp.   "l.i-74<>. 
'Lor.    cit. 


trusive.  The  igneous  rock  is  supposed 
to  have  given  off  highly  heated  water 
vapor  holding  in  solution  alumina,  silica, 
iron  and  other  elements  which  have  com- 
bined with  the  calcium  of  the  limestone 
to  form  garnet,  epidote,  etc.  These  same 
solutions,  or  others  following  closely 
upon  them,  also  brought  in  the  ore-form- 
ing minerals.  The  chief  basis  for  attri- 
buting the  silicates  to  the  intrusive  is  the 
work  of  Kemp'  and  Lindgren"  who  have 
shown  that  certain  contact  zones  are  far 
richer  in  silica,  alumina  and  iron  than 
those  portions  of  the  same  limestone 
which  lie  outside  of  the  metamorphosed 
zone. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  has  been  main- 
tained by  many  investigators,  among 
them  the  petrographers  Rosenbusch  and 
and  Marker,  that  most  contact-metamor- 
phic zones  represent  simply  the  recrys- 
tallization  of  sillcious  and  aluminous  ma- 
terial originally  present  in  the  sedimen- 
tary rock,  and  that  the  function  of  the 
igneous  rock  has  been  merely  to  fur- 
nish heat  and  water  to  promote  this  re- 
crystallization. 

In  some  cases  this  view  is  supported 
by  analyses  showing  a  close  agreement  in 
composition  between  the  metamorphosed 
and  unmetamorphosed  sediment.  Weed 
and  Barrell''  have  described  an  instance 
at  Elkhorn,  Mont.,  where  the  intrusive, 
though  producing  no  new  minerals  in  the 
pure  limestone  beds,  has  developed  gar- 
net, augite  and  wollastonite  in  the  more 
argillaceous  layers,  thus  indicating  a  re- 
crystallization  of  impurities  rather  than 
an  addition  of  material  from  the  igneous 
rock  as  the  cause  of  the  contact  meta- 
morphism.  Similar  conditions  have  been 
described  from  other  localities,  notably 
Camp  Washington,  Ariz.,  by  Crosby'. 

Loss  OF  Volume  Due  to  Recrystal- 

LIZATION 

It  is  evident  that  recrystallization  of 
an  impure  limestone  to  garnet,  epidote, 
etc.,  involves  the  loss  of  CO^  and  the  pro- 
duction of  dense  minerals,  and  therefore 
a  great  shrinkage  In  volume.  Kemp  has 
maintained  that  the  lack  of  brecciatinn  or 
other  evidence  of  volume  changes  in  a 
contact  zone  is  an  indication  that  there 
has  been  addition  of  material  from  the 
intrusive.  Weed  and  Barrell,  on  the  other 
hand,  believe  that  such  a  shrinkage  can 
take  place  without  serious  destruction  of 

*i:ron.    (IrnL.   II,   pp.    l-l.-!:    IflOT. 
•r.   .S.  (iool.  Siirv..   I'rof.   Paper.  4:t. 
'V.     S.     Gool.     Siirv..      Twentii-Hrrnnil    .liiii. 
Rcpt..    II.   4in-.=>in.    1!i01. 

^TraiiK.  A.  I.  M.  F...  XXXVI:  (!2(i-i;iti,   lIMi.",. 


the  original  rock  structures,  and  that  this 
shrinkage  may  produce  a  porous,  brick- 
like rock  in  which  the  ores  are  afterward 
deposited. 

Interesting  cases  in  which  both  recrys- 
tallization of  impurities  and  addition  of 
material  from  ;he  magma  have  played  a 
part  in  the  metamorphism  have  been  de- 
scribed by  Barreir  at  Marysville.  Mont., 
and  by  Knopf  on  the  Seward  Peninsula. 
In  these  places  it  has  been  possible  to 
separate  the  results  of  the  two  processes, 
and  to  determine  that  the  heat  of  the  in- 
trusive has  produced  a  general  recrys- 
tallization of  the  surrounding  rocks.  The 
heat  has  also  developed  typical  contact 
minerals  in  the  more  argillaceous  strata, 
followed  by  emanations  from  the  igneous 
mass  bringing  in  silica,  alumina  and 
other  substances  thus  forming  a  second 
set  of  contact  minerals. 

Origin  or  the  Ores 

As  noted  above,  contact-metamorphic 
deposits  are  frequently  found  in  lime- 
stones of  such  high  purity,  that  we  are 
compelled  to  assume  that  the  alumina, 
iron  and  silica  in  the  garnet,  epidote  and 
other  gangue  minerals  were  brought  in 
by  solutions  emanating  from  the  igneous 
rock.  In  view  of  the  intimate  association 
of  the  ore  with  these  contact  minerals  it 
seems  most  reasonable  to  believe  that  it 
also  was  introduced  by  the  cooling  in- 
trusive. Weed  makes  these  deposits  in 
pure  limestones  a  type  distinct  from 
those  found  in  the  more  clayey  rocks. 

Orebodies  of  the  first  class  are  more 
irregular  in  shape  and  are  limited  to 
shorter  distances  from  the  contact  than 
those  of  the  second.  They  may  be  found 
a!  almost  any  place  in  the  limestone  hori- 
zon, although  as  will  be  shown  below, 
lines  of  fissuring  may  have  influenced 
their  location.  Some  of  the  ores  of  the 
Clifton-Morenci  district,  Ariz.,  occur  in 
nearly  pure  limestones,  in  which  the  sul- 
phides and  gangue  minrals  are  contem- 
poraneous. 

Deposits  in  Argillaceous  Limestone 

The  orbodies  in  argillaceous  limestone" 
are  of  far  greater'  economic  importance 
than  those  in  the  pure  limestone.  These 
deposits  differ  from  those  of  the  first 
class  in  that  there  have  been  two  dis- 
tinct stages  in  their  formation.  The  first 
step  was  a  recrystallization  of  the  clay 
beds   of   the    sedimentary    series    into    a 

T.   S.  <ici>l.   Siirv.  Prof.  Paper.  r>~,   I!I07. 

'V.  s.  fipoi.  .Siirv.  null.  s.-).s.  inns. 

■nVcpii.    Tnmx.   A.   1.   M.    K.,    .X.XXIII;    74<;. 


514 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September    10,  1910. 


porous,  brick-like  mass    of    metamorphic 
silicates  and  sometimes  calcite.     The  ore- 
bearing    solutions    permeated    this    rock, 
filling  the  pores  and  replacing  the  origi- 
nal minerals.  These  ore-bearing  solutions 
may  also  bring  in  silica,  alumina,  etc.,  to 
form  additional  gangue  minerals  that  can 
with  difficulty  be  distinguished   from  the 
silicates   resulting   from   recrystallization. 
\('eed  cites  as  examples  of  this  type  the 
Cananea,  Mex.,  and  Bannack.  Mont.,  de- 
posits. Ores  of  this  class  are  to  be  looked 
for    in    the    argillaceous    sediments,    par- 
ticularly the  clayey  limestones.    They  are 
more  nearly  tabular  in  shape,  hold  more 
regularly    to   certain   beds   and     may    be 
found     extending     to     greater     distances 
from   the   intrusive   than   deposits  of  the 
first   type.      The    best    way    to    recognize 
this  type  of  deposit  is  to  follow  ore-bear- 
ing beds   along  the   strike   until  the    un- 
metamorphosed  equivalents   are    reached. 
If  these  prove   to  be    more    argillaceous 
than    the    continuation    of    barren     sedi- 
ments, it  is  most  probable   that  porosity 
resulting  from  recrystallization  has  been 
an  important  factor  in  localizing  the  ore, 
and   prospecting  may  best  be  carried   on 
in  the  impurer  limestones. 

The  information  at  hand  on  the  para- 
genesis  of  the  minerals  of  contact  de- 
■  posits  gives  an  interesting  confirmation 
of  the  views  advanced  above.  In  general 
terms  we  may  say  that  most  deposits 
show  a  series -of  silicates  formed  first. 
After  these  come  the  ore  minerals,  usu- 
ally intergrown  with  a  second  series  of 
silicates,  and  there  is  often  a  period  of 
formation  of  contact  minerals  continumg 
after  the  ore  deposition.  The  first  sili- 
cates may  be  attributed  to  recrystalliza- 
tion; the  second  to  magmatic  solutions, 
and  those  following  the  ore  either  to  a 
continuation  of  the  silicious  emanations 
after  the  metal  bearing  solutions  have 
ceased,  or  to  a  recrystallization  of  the 
gangue  minerals  of  the  first  two  series. 

Extent  of  Contact  Effects 
It   has   already   been    pointed   out   that 
orebodies  originating  by  the  replacement 
of  a  pure  limestone  are  likely  to  be  lim- 
ited to  short  distances  from  the  intrusive, 
while    in   the    case    of   deposits    that    are 
due  to  impregnation  of  porous  beds  pro- 
duced   by    recrystallization,    the    extent 
fnm  the   igneous  rock  may   be  greater. 
Aci  'al  measurements  of  the   distance   to 
which    the    contact    effects    extend    show 
great   variation,   and   the   two    kinds    of 
metamorphism  are  not  always  separated. 
The  following  figures  will  give  some  idea 
of  the  range.     Recrystallization  is  limited 
to  900  ft.  at  Bingham,   Utah,  and  to  200 
ft.   on   Seward    Peninsula,  Alaska,   while 
at  Tres  Hermanas,  New   Mex.,  the  con- 
tact zone  is,  in  places,  over  1000  ft.  wide 
and  some  contact  effects  have  been  noted 
over  a  mile  and  a  half  from  any  outcrop 
of  igneous  rock. 

At  Marysville.  Mont.,  emanations  from 
the    intrusive    have    penetrated    the    sedi- 


ments 600  to  1000  ft.,  which  is  much  less 
than    at    Morenci.    Ariz.,    where    certain 
contact  ores  are  found  over  2000  ft.  from 
the  intrusive.     Vogt  puts  the  distance  to 
which     the     contact-metamorphic     effects 
ri'ay  extend  at  over  a  mile.     It  must  be 
remembered,  however,  that  most  of  these 
larger  figures  represent  horizontal  meas- 
urements  from   the  nearest  known   igne- 
ous rock,  and  that  actually  there  may  be 
an    offshoot    of   the    intrusive    concealed 
onlv  a  short  distance  from  the  metamor- 
phosed area.     As  a  general  thing  the  best 
place    to    look    for    a    contact    deposit    is 
close  to  the  contact,  but  the  possibility  of 
the  igneous  rock  bulging  out  in  depth  or 
sending   out   apophyses   not    seen    at   the 
surface  must  be  borne  in  mind,   for  un- 
der such  circumstances  we  may  get  ores 
in  places,  which,  as  far  as  can  be  ascer- 
tained from  the  surface  geology,  are  not 
near   the    contact. 

Factors   Determining  Location  of 
Orebodies 


One  of  the  most  noticeable  features  of 
contact-metamorphic    deposits    is    the    ir- 
regular way  in  which  they  are  scattered 
in  the  sediments,  at  first  glance  seeming 
to  follow  no  rules  that  would  aid  in  find- 
ing  them.     That   one  class   of   these   de- 
posits does  favor  the  more  impure  lime- 
stone beds  has  been  pointed   out,   and  it 
remains    to    be    shown    that    the    site    of 
many   contact  deposits  is  determined   by 
conditions    of   porosity    or   Assuring.      At 
Morenci,  the  purer  limestones  are  the  fa- 
vorable rocks,  hut  of  these  the  more  por- 
ous are  the  best.     In  many  districts   As- 
suring has  resulted  from  the  intrusion  of 
the  igneous  rock,  and  it  is  along  these  fis- 
sures that  contact  metamorphism  and  ac- 
companying   ore    deposition    have    taken 
place  most  frequently.     As  instances,  we 
may   mention    Bingham,    Utah;    Cochise, 
Ariz.;     Marysville,     Mont.;     and     Taylor 
Peak,    Colo.,    where    the    ores,    although 
typical     replacements    of    the    limestone 
and  not  vein  filling,  are  associated  with 
fractures  which  have  served   as  conduits 
for  the  magmatic  solutions.     In  some  re- 
gions where  the  igneous  rock  is  of  con- 
siderable extent,  it  varies  in  composition 
from   place  to  place,  and   in  these   cases 
the  more  acidic  parts  are  most  likely  to 
have    produced    contact   deposits.     There 
are  places  where  contact  effects  seem  to 
be  greatest  near  the  dikes  extending  out 
from  the  main  mass  of  the  intrusive,  but 
as  the  opposite  holds  true  in  other  places, 
generalization  on  this  point  is  unsafe. 

Method  of  Formation  of  Deposits 
It  has  usually  been  assumed  that  the 
solutions  from  the  magma  deposit  their 
minerals  by  replacing  the  limestone  wall 
rock  or  its  recrystallized  equivalent,  and 
this  view  seems  in  accord  with  the  field 
relations  and  microscopic  structures  of 
most  deposits. 

O.    Stutzer   has,   however,    advanced    a 
theory  which  may  account   for  some  pe- 


culiar  types    of   contact    deposits."      Ac- 
cording  to   him,   the   magmatic   solutions 
may   dissolve,  bodily,  parts  of  the  lime- 
stone, thus  making  a  solution  containing 
both  the  ore,  silica  and   alumina  coming 
from   the   magma  and   the  elements  con- 
tained   in    the    sediment.      This    solution 
eats  its  ways  into  the  rock  until  satura- 
tion and  cooling  cause  it  to  precipitate  its 
minerals.     In  this  way  we  get  an  inter- 
growth     of     calcium-aluminum     silicates 
and  ore,  resembling  in  many  of  its  fea- 
tures   a   pegmatite.     The   possible    value 
of  this  theory   seems  to   be   an  explana- 
tion of  those  peculiar  deposits  in  which 
there    is   a   mixture    of   contact-metamor- 
phic silicates  and  ore  which  in  their  field 
relationships    resemble    dikes,    pipes,    or 
chimneylike  bodies.  As  deposits  to  which 
this  view  might  apply,  we  may  mention 
the  orebodies  of  White  Knob,"^  Ida.;  the 
Chillagoe    copper    region.    Queensland," 
and  the   Seven   Devils  district,   Ida." 

;*ssociated    Deposits 
It   is   a   significant    fact   that   a   district 
containing    contact-metamorphic    ore    de- 
posits is  likely  to  show  deposits  of  other 
t'/pes    either    of    the    same    or    different 
metallic  content.     Many  regions  in  which 
mining   activity   first  started  on  the  con- 
tact  ores   have    afterward   obtained   their 
greatest    production    from    vein    or    dis- 
seminated  deposits.     This  has  been  par- 
ticularly true  of  copper  camps.     The  con- 
tact ore  is  usually  copper  and  iron,  with 
little    or    none    of    the    precious    metals, 
sometimes    carrying    minor    amounts    of 
sphalerite,  but   seldom   showing   appreci- 
able quantities  cf  lead.     The  veins  in  the 
same  district  apparently  genetically  asso- 
ciated   with    the   same    intrusive   may   be 
more    complex,    carrying    in    addition    to 
copper,  varying  proportions  of  lead,  zinc 
and  the  precious  metals.     A  well  known 
example    of    the    differences    in    metallic 
content  shown  by  ores  in  the  same  dis- 
trict is  Bingham,  Utah,  where  the  contact 
metamorphic  deposits  are  chiefiy  copper, 
with   minor  amounts   of  silver  and  gold, 
the  veins  are  largely  lead  and  silver,  with 
subordinate    gold,    and    the    disseminated 
ore  in  the  porphyry  is  copper.     Such  a 
variation    cannot    be    considered    to    hold 
universally,    for  in   many   cases   there   is 
close  similarity  in  the  ore  of  contact  and 
vein  deposits. 

Contact  deposits  are  characteristically 
lean  in  their  primary  form,  and  are  sel- 
dom valuable  unless  secondary  enrich- 
ment has  taken  place.  The  finding  of  a 
nonworkable  contact  deposit,  therefore, 
may  justify  prospecting  the  district  for 
richer   veins. 

Summary 
The  points  of  greatest  interest  to  the 


"Zrlt.  f.   rrnh:   «'->?..   XVII:    14.-il.'.i!.   li^''"^- 

«.l.  V.  KPmp  a>"i  <"■  '•■  <iiMilli''i-.. '''■"'"• 
A.    I.    M.    K..    XXXVIll:    2r.i)--J!ii;.    1!i(ir. 

"(ico.  Smllh.  rniihi.  A.  I.  M  K..  XXXIV; 
4(!7    ff. 

'nvni.  Bi-nls.  .Tr..  Em;  am>  Min.  .TorsN.. 
V..1     I',!):    :M."i-:!4<i,    1!)oo, 


September  10,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


515 


engineer  and  prospector  are  as  follows: 
Contact  deposits  should  be  looked  for  in 
calcareous  rocks  near  acidic  intrusives, 
but  possible  variations,  in  depth,  of  the 
shape  of  the  igneous  mass,  must  be  con- 
sidered when  determining  what  strata  are 
near  the  intrusive.  In  many  cases  the 
ore  -is  to  be  expected  in  the  clayey  beds 
of  limestone.  Zones  of  fracturing  are 
also  important.  Orebodies  found  in 
clayey  beds  are  likely  to  be  more  tabular 
and  e.\tend  farther  from  the  intrusive. 
In  rare  cases  intergrowths  of  ore  and 
characteristic  contact  minerals  may  be 
found  in  the  shape  of  dikes  and  veins. 
These  will  probably  not  extend  far  from 
the  igneous  rock  or  from  the  associated 
limestones  which  have  furnished  the  cal- 

I  cium  for  the  garnet,  epidote,  etc.  Contact 
metamorphism  may  be  but  one  phase  of 
extensive  mineralization  of  a  district,  and 
although  these  deposits  in  themselves 
may  be   lean,  there  may  be   richer  veins 

;     or  disseminated   deposits   in  the   vicinity. 

.Although    contact    deposits    frequently 

accompany   the    igneous   intrusions   with 


sheet  steel,  having  a  central  feed  pipe 
and  a  top  overflow.  The  bottom  of  the 
conical  tank  is  fitted  with  a  casting  hav- 
ing a  removable,  cast-iron  valve  seat, 
provided  with  tool-steel  removable  bush- 
ings. Bolted  to  the  bottom  casting  is  a 
foot  casting  having  two  arms  or  brackets 
with  bearings,  which  carry  a  short  shaft. 
On  this  shaft  is  an  18-in.  pulley,  to  rfe- 
ceive  power,  and  a  wheel  which  has  four 
rollers  mounted  on  one  side  of  the  rim. 
These  rollers  actuate  the  valve  lever  so 
as  to  open  the  valve.  The  opening  of  the 
valve  is  intermittent  and  the  frequency  of 
its  openings  can  be  regulated  by  the 
number  of  rollers  placed  on  the  side  of 
the  wheel  and  the  speed  of  the  wheel. 
The  conical   tank   is  5   ft.   high. 

Avton's  Separator  at  the  Ananena 
Mill 

One  of  these  machines  at  the  Ananena 
mill,  Guanacevi,  Durango,  Mex.,  handles 
350  tons  of  mill  solution  every  24  hours, 
containing  11  per  cent,  of  ore;  delivering 


The  Groenfontein  Tin  Mines 


By  E.  M.  Weston  * 


The  tin  deposits  of  the  Groenfontein 
and  the  neighboring  Zaaiplaats  mine 
were  recently  described  by  me."  A  year- 
ly report  of  the  company  gives  further 
interesting  particulars.  The  output  for 
1909  was  valued  at  £96,806,  giving  a 
profit  of  .t'58,394.  The  ore  crushed 
amounted  to  22,732  tons,  producing  1228 
long  tons  of  tin  concentrate.  From  No. 
9  pipe,  1100  tons  of  tin  concentrate,  val- 
ued at  £80,000,  have  been  won  at  a 
mining  cost  of  £3000.  The  workings  are 
650  ft.  deep  and  the  consulting  engi- 
neer states  that  some  pipes  have  been 
traced  to  their  source,  which  appears 
to  be  a  soft  seam  underlying  the 
pegmatite  vein,  which  I  described  as 
being  the  indicator  and  marVcr  of 
the  upper  western  limit  of  the  tin- 
bearing  zone. 


Face  of  Tin-bearing  Granite.  Zaaiplaats  Tin  Mine 


Ten-stamp  Mill,  Zaaiplaats  Tin  Mine 


which  orebodies  are  associated,  this 
is  not  always  true,  and  there  are  many 
intrusives  known  to  carry  ore,  that  have 
produced  little  or  no  metamorphism  in 
the  sediments  which  they  cut.  The  por- 
phyry at  Ely,  Nev.,  carries  a  larger 
amount  of  disseminated  copper,  but  it 
has  produced  very  little  effect  upon  the 
limestone  which   it   intrudes. 


Ayton's  Thick  Sand  Extractor  and 
Slime  Separator 


The  Ayton  thick  sand  and  slime  separ- 
ator is  used  in  preparing  pulp  for  regrind- 
ing  and  for  cyanide  treatment.  It  is  posi- 
tive in  its  action  and  has  a  wide  range  of 
adjustment,  which  permits  its  use  under 
widely  varying  conditions. 

It  consists  of  a   conical   tank  made   of 


48  per  cent,  dry  sand  (12  mesh)  to  a 
tube  mill  and  delivering  slime  (200 
mesh)  to  the  treatment  tanks.  An  8- ft. 
machine  is  used. 

The  working  combination  of  the  two 
machines  is  as  follows:  The  5- ft.  ma- 
chine takes  out  the  sand  by  way  of  the 
bottom  of  the  cone  and  delivers  it  to  the 
tube  mill,  while  the  overflow,  which  car- 
ries off  the  slime  and  solution,  is  deliv- 
eied  to  the  8-ft.  cone  of  the  second 
machine.  The  second  machine  takes  out 
the  slime  by  way  of  the  bottom  and  de- 
livers it  to  the  treatment  tanks,  while  the 
clear  solution  overflowing  from  the  top 
is  conducted  to  the  clarifiers  or  zinc 
boxes. 

The  machines  are  easy  to  operate  and 
require  a  small  amount  of  power.  They 
are  manufactured  by  Chalmers  &  Wil- 
liams, Commercial  National  Bank  build- 
ing, Chicago,  111.,  under  license  from  the 
patentee. 


Prospecting  Work 

This  soft  vein  carries  profitable  ore  in 
places,  and  it  will  be  prospected  and 
developed  with  the  hope  of  finding  the 
tops  or  apexes  of  the  tin-bearing  pipes 
which  lie  on  the  dip  of  the  pegmatite 
vein  and  beneath  it.  In  connection  with 
these  most  puzzling  and  interesting  tin- 
ore  occurrences,  M.  R.  Recknagel  has 
contributed  an  interesting  and,  in  some 
respects,  revolutionary  paper,  on  the  ori- 
gin of  tin-ore  deposits,  to  the  Geological 
Society  of  South  Africa.  I  hope,  in  a  fu- 
ture issue  of  the  Journal  to  give  a  re- 
sume of  its  contents. 

On  Groenfontein,  an  Elmore  vacuum 
plant  is  being  erected  to  treat  ore  heavily 
charged  with  arsenical  iron  pyrite.  The 
accompanying  illustrations  show  the 
Zaaiplaats  mine   and   mill. 

•MlnliiK  onglnepr.  St.  Miir.v's  Imlldlnga, 
.Inli.'uini'slnii-ir,    Traiisvnnl. 

'Kxii.  A.Ni)   Mix.   .Toru.v.,   March   12,    1910. 


516 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September    10,  1910. 


Dredging  and  Hydraulic  Mining  in  Victoria,  1909 


In  Victoria  the  term,  "dredge  mining," 
is  used  to  designate  bucket  dredging,  hy- 
draulic dredging,  hydraulic  sluicing  using 
water  from  centrifugal  pumps  and  jet- 
elevator  operations.  Hydraulic  sluicing  is 
the  term  applied  to  gravitation  plants,  in 
which  giants  using  hydraulic  water  under 
high  head  are  employed  for  washing 
alluvial  deposits. 

On  Dec.  31,  1909,  there  were  in  force 
in  Victoria  234  gold-dredging  and  hy- 
drauhc-mining  leases,  comprising  a  total 
of  21,493  acres;  HI  plants  were  actually 
operated  in  1909.  From  these  it  is  esti- 
mated that  748,133  oz.  of  gold  and  526 
tons,  5  cwt.,  1  qr.  19  lb.  of  tin  were  re- 
covered during  the  year. 

Greatest  Returns  from  Dredging 


Fifty  bucket  dredges  operated  in  1909 
for  an  aggregate  period  of  2006  weeks, 
handling  14,927,269  cu.yd.  of  material 
that  yielded  53,709  oz.  of  gold,  or  1.7 
grains  (aoproximateiy  0.07c.)  per  cu.yd. 
line  area  worked  was  582":.  acres,  and 
the  quantity  of  gold  saved  per  acre  92.4 
oz.  The  best  record  for  a  single  dredge 
was  1136.8  oz.  of  gold  from  52  weeks  of 
operation  on  22  acres  of  ground;  the 
ground  dug  averaged  one  grain  of  gold 
per  cubic  yard. 

The  average  weekly  return  of  gold  per 
plant  was  26.7  oz.;  the  number  of  men 
employed,  670;  weekly  expenses  for 
wages,  fuel  and  water  averaged  about 
S267  per  plant,  equivalent  to  about  14  oz. 
of  gold.  Only  one  dredge  is  recorded 
as  treating  over  14,000  cu.yd.  of  material 
per  week,  and  five  others  over  10,000 
cu.yd.  weekly. 

The  returns  from  dredging  operations 
in  Victoria  during  1909  show  a  decrease 
of  1449  oz.  of  gold  from  the  production  of 
the  previous  year,  and  a  decrease  in  divi- 
dends paid  amounting  to  S54,S64.  Twenty- 
five  companies  paid  dividends,  ranging 
from  S1215  to  S26,535.  The  ground 
dredged  yielded  from  1  to  3.8  grains  of 
gold  per  cubic  yard  of  material  treated. 
The  total  paid  by  the  dredgers  for  wages, 
fuel  and  maintenance  during  1909  was 
S694,673,  and  in  dividends  S233.085.  The 
initial  cost  of  the  dredge  plants  was 
Sl,209„382  and  in  a  number  of  cases  they 
have  been  paid  for  from  the  returns  from 
their  operations. 

Pump  Sluicing  Operations  Extensive 
Fifty-two  hydraulic-sluicing  plants  sup- 
plied with  water  from  pumps  operated  in 
Victoria  in  1909.  These  plants  were  op- 
erated for  an  aggregate  working  time  of 
965  weeks,  during  which  4,645,926  cu.yd. 
of  material,  returning  31,938  oz.  of  gold 


(3.3  grains  per  cubic  yard)   and  33  tons, 
15  cwt.   of  tin,  valued   at  S12.961,   were 
washed.    The  area  of  the  ground  worked 
was   141 'J   acres;  thus  making  a  return 
of  225.7  oz.  per  acre.     One  plant  yielded 
3688    oz.    of   gold    from     5'.>     acres     of 
ground,  containing  319,440  cu.yd.  of  ma- 
terial, or   an   average   of  5'.;    grains  per 
cubic   yard.     The    average    weekly    yield 
of  gold  per  plant  was  33  oz.;  the  number 
of   men    employed,    1120;     the     average 
weekly   cost   for   wages,   fuel,   water  and 
repairs    per    plant,    S437,    equivalent    to 
about  22'  J  oz.  of  gold.  One  plant  washed 
over  16,000  cu.yd.  of  material  per  week 
and  a  number  of  others  treated  over  8000 
cu.yd.     The  total  production  of  gold   tor 
the'  year   from   this   type    of   mining   de- 
creased by  15,727  oz.  from  the  figure  for 
1908;  dividends  paid  showed  a  decrease 
of  51807  and  ranged  from  SI 010  to  $7290 
per   company.     The   ground   worked    av- 
eraged from  2.3  to  4.6  grains  of  gold  per 
cubic    yard    of    overburden    and    alluvial 
gravel  treated.     A  total  of  S60 1.852  was 
paid  by  these  plants  for  wages,  fuel,  wa- 
ter and  maintenance,  and  S20,232  in  di- 
vidends.   The  initial  cost  of  the  hydraulic- 
sluicing  plants  was  5857,177. 


NoTJ^-Alistract  nf  an  iii-tlcU-  by  P.  H.  Soll- 
OT8.  sovPiiiinont  .■nKlnper-ln-cbaise.  Aiitt.  Min. 
Sliiml.,   .Iiinu    ■2'2.    1!'10. 


Nine  Jet  Elev.^tors  Operated 
In  1909,  nine  hydraulic  jet  elevators 
worked  for  an  aggregate  period  of  145 
weeks,  treating  397,900  cu.yd.  of  dirt 
for  a  return  of  2692  oz.  of  gold,  or  3.3 
grains  per  cubic  yard  of  material  treated. 
The  area  of  ground  worked  was  13 '4 
acres;  the  quantity  of  gold  won  per  acre, 
196.5  oz.  These  plants  employed  77  men. 
They  represent  a  first  cost  of  541,372. 

Little  Gravitation  Sluicing  Done 

Ten  hydraulic-mining  plants  operated 
in  Victoria  in  1909  for  an  aggregate 
period  of  110  weeks.  The  quantity  of 
material  treated  was  201,88/  cu.yd..  from 
which  a  return  of  630  oz.,  or  an  iverage 
of  1.5  grains  per  cubic  yard  of  material 
treated  was  realized.  The  area  worked 
was  1-A  acres;  the  gold  saving  per  acre 
thus  being  82  oz.  The  highest  yield  was 
125  oz.  Besides  the  gold,  36  tons,  1 1  cwt. 
of  tin.  valued  at  511,858,  were  recovered 
in  the  hydraulic  mines. 

Yield  and  Dividends  for  Each. District 

The  accompanying  table  shows  the  re- 
spective mining  districts,  the  number  of 
plants  operated  in  each,  the  yield  of 
gold  and  the  dividends  paid  during  1909 
from  placer-mining  operations;  this  in- 
cludes only  the  operation  of  dredges,  jet 
elevators  and  pump  sluices.  The  figures 
are  necessarily  approximate,  owing  to 
the  nature  of  the  returns  from  some  of 
the  privately  owned  plants. 


Development  in  Dredge  Construction 
AND  Operation 

.•\n  interesting  development  in  dredge 
construction  has  been  the  building  of  a 
dredge  to  strip  off  top  soil  and  earthy 
overburden,  depositing  it  on  top  of  the 
washed  debris  and  tailings  from  the 
sluice  boxes. 

The  Briseis  company's  No.  2  Red  Blufl 
dredge    is    the    first    gold-mining    dredge 
constructed  in  Victoria,  on  which  an  ef- 
fective  appliance   to  deal  with  the   over- 
burden   has  been  successfully  tried.     In 
brief,    the    plant    is    an    ordinary    buck?t 
dredge    with   sluice   boxes   and   belt   con- 
veyer.    The   buckets   are   reported   to   be 
of  4-cu.ft.  capacity  and  to  be  operated  at 
a  speed  of  12' _•  buckets  per  minute.  The 
material  from  the  buckets  may,  by  means 
of  a  drop  chute,  be  diverted  into  either 
the  sluice  boxes  or  to  the  conveyer.  When 
overburden   is  being   dealt  with   the  ma- 
terial from  the  drop  chute  passes  on  to  a 
shaking   table,   operated   by   springs   and 
eccentric  rods,  thence  on  a  belt  conveyer 
that  may  be  adjusted  to  any  desired  angle 
and    dumped    clear   of   the    stern    of   the 
dredge   on   top   of  the   gravel,   etc.,   pre- 
viously run  through  the  sluice  boxes.  The 
conveying  belt  is  125  ft.  long,  2  ft.  wide, 
I/,  to  ?/s  in.  thick,  and  is  run  at  a  speed 
of   160   ft.  per  minute. 

Kl-.TfRNS     FUOJI     DREDGE     MINING     IN 
VICTORIA. 

Gold  Dividends 

Won  Paid 

No.  of      During  During 

Mining  District.    Plants.   1909, Oz.  1909. 

.\rarat  and  Stawell  ;;  A-i  i'Tcan 

Ballarat 11  !1.2oS  «„  4,680 

Beecliworth  r-,2  .■j4.294  213,645 

Beiicligo.  3  461  --ii-iqa 

Castlemaiiic.  .  ->•'  lf?OS  2d,393 

Gippsland S  4.091  12.'a7 

.Maryborough 12  o.22<          . 


Total. 


Ill  SS.339 


52,=i6.475 


This  dredge   was,   when   observed,  op- 
erating on  a  bank  of  overburden  that  ex- 
tended to  a  depth  of  8  ft.  below  water 
level  and  from  3  to  6  ft.  above  it.     The 
depth  of  soil  deposited  behind  the  dredge 
on   the   gravel   and   tailings   ranged    from 
3    to    6    ft.      Probably    one-third    of   the 
alluvium   was   conveyed  by  the   belt  and 
dumped    in    a    dry    state,    one-third    fell 
through  the  well  hole  into  the  operating 
pond,  and  one-third  was  scooped  up  wi:il 
the  auriferous  gravel  by  the  buckets  and, 
after   passing    through   the   sluice   boxes, 
discharged   as  sludgy  water  at  the  stem 
of  the  dredge.     It  is  thought  that,  when 
such    improvements    as   will    provide    for 
the    full   discharge   of   the   solid   contents 
of  the  buckets  into  the  drop  chutes  are 
perfected,     probably     two-thirds    of    the 
overburden    treated    will    be    transferred 
from    the    working    face    directly    to   the 
tailings  dump  astern  of  the  dredge. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


517 


Rapid  Electrolytic   Determination   of  Copper 


The  determination  of  copper  in  ore 
and  furnace  products  can  be  made  more 
:'ccurately  by  the  electrolytic  than  by  any 
iif  the  other  methods.  But  it  is  too  slow. 
The  most  rapid  determinations  in  tech- 
nical work  with  stationary  electrodes  take 
from  three  to  five  hours  when  the  Guess- 
Haultain  method  is  used.  Recently  the  ro- 
tating electrode  has  been  utilized  for  the 
determination  of  copper.  This  apparatus. 
\.hile  an  improvement  on  all  others,  so  far 
as  rapidity  of  operation  is  concerned, 
and  as  accurate  as  the  older  methods, 
possesses  the  disadvantage  of  being  com- 
plicated, when  all  of  the  attachments 
necessary  for  the  successful  operation 
on  a  large  scale   are  considered. 


BY  R.  C  BENNER* 

copper  in  ore.  It  is  about  1  in.  in 
diameter  by  1 ' ,  in.  long.  With  the  simple 
apparatus  shown  in  the  accompanying 
illustration,  it  is  possible  for  one  man 
using  this  electrode  to  make  from  six 
to  eight  determinations  in  an  hour. 

Arrangement    of    the    Electrode 

The  illustration  represents  a  plan  of 
the  deposition  system.  The  current  enters 
the  system  at  the  switch  A,  passing 
through  the  ammeter  and  resistance  coil 
to  the  switch  B,  by  means  of  which  it  is 
possible  to  either  throw  the  current 
through  the  electrolytic  cell  £,  when  the 
switch  is  down,  or  when  it  is  up,  to  make 
a  short  circuit  around  the  cell.    By  means 


Resistance 


fifrl 


Apparatus  for  the  Rapid  Determination  of  Copper 


Frary'  has  been  able  to  do  away 
with  the  motor,  rotating  the  electrolyte  by 
means  of  a  solenoid  and  using  a  gauze 
cathode  on  which  the  deposition  of  the 
metal  is  made.  Stoddart'  has  made  a  few 
experiments  which  seem  to  show  that 
Frary  mUsed  the  best  part  of  his  own 
work  and  that  the  precipitation  of  some 
metals,  including  copper,  can  be  made 
nearly  as  rapidly  with  the  gauze  elec- 
trode alone,  as  when  combined  with  the 
solenoid. 

With  the  experiments  of  Stoddart  in 
mind,  a  platinum  wire-gauze  electrode 
of  52  mesh,  corrugated  and  sand-blasted, 
was   designed    for   the    determination    of 

•I>PI>nrtmPnt  of  clumlstiv.  Iiilverslty  of 
Arizona.   Tucson.   .\\\/.. 

'ZWr  ^  FArMrwhcm.,  No.  2.'?.  :t.".S. 

'Olicm.  \ni:i.  Vol,  on,  20."?. 


of  a  similar  switch  C,  a  second  cell  F 
may  be  put  in  series'  with  E,  or  by 
means  of  the  short  circuit  in  B  may  be 
operated  alone.  Thus  either  cell  may  be 
operated  alone  or  in  series  with  the  other. 
The  voltmeter  is  connected  by  means  of  a 
double-throw,  double-pole  switch  D,  so 
that  it  is  possible  to  leave  the  voltmeter 
disconnected  when  the  switch  is  out;  when 
it  is  in  on  the  right  hand  side,  the  reading 
gives  the  voltage  across  the  poles  of  cell 
B:  when  in  on  the  left-hand  side,  it  gives 
the  voltage  across  the  poles  of  the 
cell  f".  The  danger  of  contaminating  the 
determination  from  the  binding  post  is 
avoided  by  making  them  of  aluminum.  This 
is  likely  to  occur  when  such  high  currents 
are  used,  as  frequently  the  liquid  becomes 
heated  to  the  boiling  temperature  before 
the  determination  is  completed,  with   the 


result  that  the  HNOi.  fumes  corrode  the 
binding  posts. 

Cost  of  the  Apparatus 

A  current  of  at  least  15  amp. 
and  10  volts  is  required.  I  obtain  this 
current  at  10  volts  pressure  by  using  a 
small  motor-generator  driven  by  an  al- 
ternating current,  which  in  spite  of  varia- 
tions of  several  amperes  during  the  deter- 
mination, is  satisfactory.  A  rectifier,  al- 
though not  as  satisfactory  as  a  motor-gen- 
erator, has  a  much  smaller  first  cost  and 
does    the    work    in    a    very    satisfactory 


T.VBLE    I.     KEiULT.S   WITH    PURE 
COPPER   FOIL. 


Vol.  of 

Wu      1      Cu      1  Solu- 

Time, 

Taken. ,  Found. ;  tion. 

Amperes. 

Volts. 

Min. 

Orarris.   (Irams.i  C.  C. 

0   lisi    0.1181      7.5 

10  to  15 

8 

10 

(l.li.'i.siji  0.3.i86i      7.1 

10 

3  to  4 

12 

0  2:i:iOj  0.2332 

ii> 

S  to  10 

3  to  4 

12 

0   21 12    0.2142 

7.5 

8  to  10 

4 

15 

II   2374    0.2375 

lO 

8  to  10 

4 

15 

manner.  A  rotary  converter  will  cost 
from  .SI 00  to  $120,' while  a  rectifier  can 
he  obtained  for  about  $15.  If  there  is 
direct  current  at  hand,  neither  of  the 
pieces  of  apparatus  mentioned  is 
needed,  as  a  rheostat  will   answer. 

The  ammeter  and  voltmeter  used  are 
neither  expensive  nor  cumbersome.  In- 
struments 3  or  4  in.  in  diameter,  having 
the  required  range,  cost  from  SIO  to  $15 
and  are  sufficiently  accurate. 

The  resistance  box  necessary  will  de- 
pend upon  the  current,  so  that  it  is  hard 
to   give   any    price    for   this;    but,    at   the 


TABLE  II.     RATE 

OF  DEP0.<!ITI01>f. 

Time, 
Min. 

Copper 

Deposited, 

Grams. 

Tims, 
Min. 

Copper 

Deposited, 

I.  rams. 

r 
'J 

3 
4 
.5 

0  Ofi2."> 
0   11!!) 
0   lots 
0   1706 
0.1901 

6 

7 

10 

12 

0.2039 
0.2100 
0.2205 
0.2206 

most,  a  satisfactory  box  should  not  cost 
more  than  ?I5.  The  gauze  electrodes 
weighing  from  6  to  10  grains  will  cost 
between  SI2  and  S17  each.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  have  four  of  these  in  order  to  get 
the  best  results,  as  this  enables  the 
chemist  to  keep  employed  with  the  work. 
Two  of  the  other  electrodes  are  suf- 
ficient, as  no  depositions  are  made  on 
them,  and  they  can  be  used  continuously. 
Taking  all  of  this  into  consideration,  the 
cotnplete  apparatus  will  cost  between 
SlOO  and  S125,  but  may  be  reduced  if 
the  chemist  is  willing  to  use  lighte-  elec- 
trodes. 


518 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September    10,  1910. 


Accurate  Results  Obtained 
In  testing  the  accuracy  of  the  method, 
pure  copper  foil  was  used.  This  was 
dissolved  in  3  c.c.  of  HNO=,  diluted  to 
75  c.c.  and  electrolyzed  at  about  10  amp. 
and  4  volts.  The  results  shown  in  Table 
I  demonstrate  the  accuracy  of  the 
method. 


TABLE    HI. 


COPPER    I.V    THE    PKESENCE 
OF  ARSENIC. 


Arsenic  Taken. 
Grams. 

Copper  Taken. 
Grams. 

Copper  Found. 
Grams. 

0.0605     ■ 

0.1210 

0.1S15 

0.1210 

0.2420 

0.2652 
0.2751 
0.21S3 
0.303S 
0.26S6 
0.2028 

0.2648 
0.2747 
0.2183 
0.3035 
0.3106 
0.2026 

The  copper  deposited  under  these  con- 
ditions is  firm  and  adherent,  in  every 
way  equal  to  the  deposits  obtained  by 
the  other  methods  when  the  conditions 
are  at  their  best.  With  this  procedure, 
the  amount  of  copper  it  is  necessary  to 
weigh  for  technical  assays  will  be  de- 
posited in  from  10  to  15  minutes. 

Table  II  shows  the  rate  of  deposition. 

In  each  of  these  determinations,  0.2203 
grams  of  copper  were  taken  and  elec- 
trolyzed with  a  current  of  10  amp.  and  3 
to  4  volts  in  75  c.c.  of  solution  con- 
taining 3  c.c.  of  concentrated  HNO.. 

Behavior  of  Interfering  Elements 


dissolve  in  HNO;  and  reprecipitate,  when, 
owing  to  the  small  amount  of  arsenic 
present,  the  copper  will  be  precipitated 
free  from  arsenic. 

Table  III  shows  the  results  of  deter- 
minations of  copper  in  the  presence  of 
gradually  increasing  amounts  of  arsenic 
under  the  conditions  used  in  the  deter- 
mination of  copper  and  illustrates  the 
statement  made  above.  All  of  these  de- 
positions were  made  in  75  c.c.  of  solu- 
tion and  in  the  presence  of  3  c.c.  of 
HNO:  with  a  current  of  8  to  10  amp.  and 
4   to   7   volts. 

Process  for  Ores 

.'kn  ore  which  contains  none  of  the 
interfering  elements  is  dissolved  in  HNOi 
or  HNO  and  HCl.  When  aqua  regia  is 
used,  H,S04  is  added  and  the  solution 
evaporated  until  fumes  of  SO:i  are 
evolved.  The  e.xcess  of  acid  is  then  neu- 
tralized with  NH.OH  and  3  c.c.  of  HNO., 
added,  the  solution  diluted  to  75  c.c.  and 


TABLE  V.     RESULTS  ON  SLAGS  BY  THE 
GAUZE  ELECTRODE. 


Ore  Taken. 
Grams. 

Copper  Found, 
Grams. 

Per  Cent   of 
Copper  Found. 

1 . oooo 
1 . oooo 

2.0000 

'      2   OOOO 

2.0000 

0  0060 
0 . 0059 
0.0123 
0.0103 
0.0101 

0.60 
0  59 
0.61 
0.51 
0.50 

Removal  of  the  Interfering  Elements 

The  removal  of  the  interfering  ele- 
ments can  he  accomplished  by  chemical 
means  in  the  following  manner.  Disinte- 
grate the  ore  with  HNOn  and  HCl,  add  5 
c.c.  of  Hl-S0i  and  evaporate  until  heavy 
white  fumes  of  SO3  are  evolved.  Now 
dilute  to  150  c.c.  with  water,  boil  to  in- 
sure complete  solution  of  the  basic  iron 
sulphate  (add  a  few  drops  of  HCl  if 
silver  is  present)  filter  and  wash  with 
water  containing,  a  little  H;SO,.  The  Pb 
and  Ag  will  remain  on  the  filter  paper. 
The  filtrate  is  now  heated  to  boiling  and 
saturated  with  H.-S,  allowing  the  solution 
to  cool  during  the  process. 

The  precipitated  CuS  is  filtered  off  and 
washed  with  water  containing  H,S.  Rinse 
the  precipitated  sulphides  from  the  filter 
paper  into  a  beaker,  using  as  little  w-ater 
as  possible;  warm  with  a  little  colorless 
Na^S  to  remove  the  As  and  Sb,  and  again 
pass  through  the  same  filter;  wash  with 
water  containing  a  little  Na  S.  Bi  is  then 
removed  from  the  Cu  by  warming  the 
mixed  sulphides  with  a  solution  of  KCN 
made  alkaline  with  NH,OH.  This  dis- 
solves the  Cu,  leaving  the  Bi  insoluble. 
The  solution  containing  the  Cu  is  boiled 
with  HNO=  to  destroy  the  cyanide  and 
then  electrolyzed  in  the  usual  manner. 


Of  the  elements  likely  to  occur  in  cop-     table  v  a.    RESULTS  ON  SLAGS  BY  the 
per  ore.  which   interfere   in   the   ordinary  ORDINARY  METHOD. 


TABLl 


IV.   RESULTS  ON  ORE  T  SING 
GAUZE  ELECTRODE. 


Copper  Ore 
Taken, 
Grams. 


0..i003 
0.5003 
0..5003 
O..5003 


Copper  Found . 
Cirams. 


0.0825 
0.0S24 
0.0770 
0.0769 


Percent. 
Copper  Found. 


Ore  Taken, 
Grams. 

Copper  Found . 
Grams. 

Per  Cent,  of 
Copper  Found. 

2 . OOOO 
2.0000 
1   OOOO 
1 . OOOO 

0.0121 
0.0121 
0.0051 
0.0050 

'           0.60 
0.60 
0.51 
0.50 

16.49 
16.47 
15.39 
15.37 


TABLE  IV  .K.     RESULT.S  ON  ORE  BY  THE 
ORDINARY   METHOD. 


Copper  Ore 

fill 


Taken, 
(irains. 


0 . 5000 
0 . 5000 
0 . 5000 
0.5000 


Copper  Found, 
Grams. 


0 .  0825 
0 . 0825 
0.0770 
0.0769 


Per  Cent .  of 
Copper  Found. 


16.50 
16.. 50 
15.40 
15,38 


electrolytic  method  under  the  conditions 
used  in  these  determinations,  are  Sb,  .\g. 
As,  Pb  and  Bi.  The  separation  of  anti- 
mony and  bismuth  from  copper  was  tried 
by  this  method  without  success.  The 
separation  of  arsenic  is  satisfactory  when 
small  amounts  are  present;  with  large 
amounts,  part  of  the  arsenic  is  thrown 
down  before  the  precipitation  of  the  cop- 
per is  complete.  In  order  to  make  a 
separation  it  is  necessary  to  deposit  all  of 
the  copper  and  part  of  the  arsenic,  then 


transferred-  to  a  tall  battery  beaker  with- 
out filtering  and  electrolyzed  at  10  amp. 
and  3  to  4  volts.  If  the  deposit  is  black 
or  dark  colored,  it  is  dissolved  in  HNO 
and  redeposited.  Table  IV  shows  the 
success  atending  the  use  of  this  method 
on  ores. 

Process  for  Slags 

In  case  of  slags  and  other  low-grade 
material  it  is  especially  necessary  to  se- 
lect a  method  of  disintegration  suited  to 
the  substance  at  hand.  In  the  case  of 
slag,  the  best  results  can  frequently  be 
obtained  by  treating  with  HNO;  and  then 
evaporating  with  HFl  and  HjSO,  to  re- 
move the  large  amount  of  silica.  After 
evaporating  to  fumes,  the  ore  is  diluted 
sufficiently  to  put  everything  in  solution 
and  electrolyzed  in  the  usual  manner.  The 
deposit  may  come  down  black  when  there 
is  a  large  amount  of  foreign  matter  pres- 
ent, especially  iron.  In  this  case  it  is 
dissolved  and  reprecipitated  under  the 
usual  conditions  with  excellent  results, 
as  shown   in  Table  V. 


Products   of  Crude  Petroleum 

There  are  at  present  nine  products,  or 
classes  of  products,  obtained  from  petro- 
leum. The  names  of  these  are  given 
(Journ.  Soc.  Chem.  Ind.,  July  30,  1910) 
in  the  accompanying  tabulation,  together 

I'KiiIH-CTS  OF  CRUDE  I'ETUOI.ET'M 

Per 
Cent.        .\inount, 
Kind  of  Product.  Y'ield.  Btil. 

1.  Kerosene ,     20 .50     15,000.000 

2.  Lubiicating    oils    of    all 

kinds  includinggreases     ;0.00       7.00i).iloO 

3.  Napt has,  all  grades 15.00     1  l.a.'.O.dOO 

4.  Gas  oil,  used  for  enrich- 

ing water  gas  in  large 

cities    30. 00     22.000.000 

5.  Paraffin  wa.\ 150       1.12.i,000 

6  Rooting  pitch 2. .50       1.S7.T.0Q0 

7  l*a\ine    pitch   and  roiid- 

making  oils 2.00       1  .".00 .000 

Tons. 

s       CoUe 3.00  300,000 

BhI. 
ij.     Fuel  oil 14:00       1.05I1.(X)0 

98 .  50 
Loss  in  nuiiiufactuiinK '  1.50 

Total 100,00 

with  the  yield  of  each  class  in  percent- 
ages and  the  total  production  in  the  United 
States  for  1909,  stated  in  barrels. 

The  Goshen  Iron  Company, 'of  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  has  purchased  the  Victoria 
blast  furnace,  which  it  has  been  operat- 
ing at  Goshen.  Va.,  since  1907.  under 
lease  from  the  Chapman  Iron,  Coal  and 
Coke  Company.  Inc.  The  Victoria  stack 
has  an  annual  capacity  of  18,000  net  tons 
of  pig  iron.  The  purchase  also  includes 
Virginia  iron  ore  and  coal  lands  and 
some  West  Virginia  coking  coal  proper- 
ties at  Elverton.  W.  Va.  It  has  been  op- 
erating 60  coke   ovens. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


519 


Coal    Mining    Fatalities    in    Belgium 

ELxplosives  Are  Prohibited  in  All  Fiery  Mines.  The  Great  Care  Observed 
in  Timbering,   Ventilating  and   Hoisting  Results   in  Low    Death    Rate 

BY     FREDERICK     L.     HOFFMAN* 


The  fatality  rate  in  Belgian  coal  mines 
is  frequently  quoted  as  conclusive  evi- 
dence that  mines  intrinsically  dangerous 
can  be  operated  with  comparative  safety. 
The  Belgian  coal  formation  includes  a 
large  number  of  seams  of  a  thickness  of 
fiom  about  1  to  6'j  ft.  Seams  e.xceeding 
3}<t  ft.  in  thickness,  however,  are  rare,  and 
the  average  thickness  of  the  seams  worked 
h  only  about  2.13  ft.  Most  of  the  rich 
seams  have  been  completely  exhausted, 
and  increasing  difficulty  is  experienced  in 
working  the  thin  seams,  with  a  due  regard 
to  profitable  results. 

The  course  of  the  seams  in  the  central 
part  of  the  Belgian  coalfield  is  very 
crooked  and  said  to  be  "alternating  in 
zigzag,  horizontal  and  vertical  layers." 
The  coal  belt  is  divided  into  five  districts 
of  variable  conditions  in  their  relation  to 
safety  in  mining  and  the  liability  to  fatal 
and  serious  accidents.  A  very  interesting 
descriptive  account  of  Belgian  coal  mines 
and  mining  methods  was  published  in 
behalf  of  the  Belgian  Government  in  con- 
pection  with  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Ex- 
position in  1904,  including  a  compre- 
hensive statistical  account  of  production, 
employees,  and  accidents  for  a  long  pe- 
riod of  years.  It  is  stated  in  the  report 
that  "the  coal  industry  is  carried  on  in 
Belgium  under  many  difficulties,  and  it 
is  only  at  the  cost  of  unceasing  en- 
deavors both  on  technical  and  commercial 
ground,  that  it  succeeds  in  maintaining  its 
relatively  flourishing  position." 

Method  of  Working  the  Mines 
As  to  the  method  of  working  the  mines, 
it  is  said  that  there  are  always  at  least 
two  shafts,  the  one  used  as  a  downcast 
and  the  other  as  an  upcast.  In  the  more 
important  mines,  both  shafts  are  used  as 
winding  shafts,  and  ir  the  concessions 
worked  by  several  pits,  diagonal  ventila- 
tion is  often  resorted  to.  Main  crosscuts 
start  from  the  shafts,  the  vertical  distance 
between  the  landings  being  from  50  to 
80  m.  The  working  is  carried  out  as  a 
rule  simultaneously  in  several  seams,  and 
on  both  sides  of- the  main  cross-cut;  by 
this  method  each  seam  is  provided  with  a 
separate  air-current  always  circulating  in 
an  ascending  direction,  this  scheme  of 
ventilation  being  necessary  owing  to  the 
large  amount  of  firedamp  contained  in 
these  deposits. 

In  continuation  of  this  account  it  is 
stated  that:  "The  only  method  of  work- 
ing generally  used   is  that  of  continuous 


•Stalisticlnn.  thi'  I'nwlr'iitlal  InHiirancf  r'oni- 
pnny.    Newark.    N'.    .1. 


headings  with  complete  gobbing  which 
are  pushed  forward  from  the  shaft  to- 
ward the  limits  of  the  field.  The  pillar- 
and-stall  system  have  occasionally  been 
applied  in  some  thick  seams  in  the  dis- 
tricts of  the  Centre  and  of  Liege.  The 
steeply  inclined  scams  are  worked  in  re- 
verse steps,  the  flat  seams  either  by  rising 
o--  forward  stalls.  The  disposition  of  the 
face  in  descending  steps  is  followed  in 
ctrtain  mines  which  are  subject  to  sud- 
den outbursts  of  firedamp. 

HA.ND    MiNINC    Is    E.MPLOYFD 

"Coal  cutting  is  nearly  always  performed 
by  hand;  it  is  preceded  by  holeing  in  the 
unproductive  beds  of  the  seam,  which  is 
skillfully  accomplished  by  the  Belgian 
hewer.     Blasting  in  coal  is   restricted   to 

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IS'  Bueii/M  4^0  wJim  4Afii//ci 

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mines  containing  little  or  no  firedamp; 
it  is  especially  used  in  the  hard  seams 
of  close  burning  coal  of  Charleroy.  The 
consumption  of  explosives  for  the  get- 
tmg  of  coal  in  these  seams  varies  from 
20  to  48  kilograms  per  100  tons.  In  the 
mines  where  the  use  of  explosives  is 
allowed  the  average  consumption  of  ex- 
plosives does  not  exceed  14  kg.  per  100 
tons. 

"Compressed  air  is  specially  applied  to 
drilling  machines,  drums  and  small  fans. 
Haulage  is  mostly  done  by  horses;  me- 
chanical conveyance  is  reserved  to  the 
main  roads  and  is  less  developed  than  in 
other  coalfields  where  the  output  is 
greater  and  more  concentrated.  Loco- 
motives are  preferred  in  Belgium  to  the 
endless  rope  or  chain  systems.  Steam  is 
only  employed  inside  the  mines  for  the 
pumping    engines;    the    boilers    are    al- 


ways placed  on  the  surface.  Electricity 
tends  to  replace  other  modes  of  trans- 
mission of  power.  In  most  cases  contin- 
uous currents,  with  moderate  voltage,  are 
resorted  to."  These  precautionary  meas- 
ures are  necessary  on  account  of  the 
thinness  and  the  contortion  of  the  seams, 
the  presence  of  firedamp,  and  the  great 
depth  of  the  mines. .According  to  a  report 
made  to  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Labor  in 
1905,  the  average  depths  at  which  coal 
m.ining  oper::tions  are  carried  on  in  Bel- 
gium vary  from  1558  ft.  in  the  Hainaut 
district  to  1027  ft.  in  the  Namur  district. 

The  Ti.mber  E.xpense  Is  Considerable 

Because  of  the  thinness  of  the  seams, 
coal  cutting  by  machinery  is  practically 
impossible.  A  large  amount  of  prepara- 
tory and  unproductive  work  is  necessary, 
as  the  result  of  which  the  proportion  of 
miscellaneous  labor  is  greater  in  Belgian 
niines  than  in  those  of  other  leading  coal- 
producing  countries.  The  rocks  enclosing 
the  coal,  as  stated  in  the  official  report 
previously  referred  to,  are  said  to  "ex- 
ercise, as  a  rule,  somewhat  strong  pres- 
sures and  require  solid  propping."  This 
accounts  for  the  relatively  large  expen- 
diture for  timber,  which  amounts  to  about 
20c.  per  ton  of  coal  raised  in  the  Belgian 
mines. 

With  special  reference  to  the  presence 
of  firedamp,  however,  it  is  pointed  out 
that:  "The  difficulties  are  still  increased 
as  most  of  the  seams  contain  firedamp 
and  large  quantities  of  coal  dust,  and  con- 
sequently, on  one  hand,  large  galleries 
have  to  be  opened  in  order  to  secure  a 
powerful  ventilation  of  the  workings,  and, 
on  the  other  hand,  we  are  compelled  to 
suppress  the  use  of  explosives  which 
constitutes,  as  is  well  known,  the  most 
fearful  cause  of  infiammation  of  firedamp. 
The  police  regulations  of  mines  are  par- 
ticularly strict  in  this  respect:  they  pro- 
hibit the  use  of  explosives  in  all  fiery 
niines  for  the  getting  of  coal  and  for  the 
cutting  of  the  return  airways;  and  in  all 
fiery  mines  of  the  more  dangerous  class 
explosives  are  prohibited  for  the  rip- 
ping of  rocks  in  all  ways  which  are  not 
supplied  with  a  strong  current  of  fresh 
air  coming  directly  from  the  downcast 
shaft." 

Explosives   Entirely   Prohibited 

In  the  coal  seams  known  .to  be  subject 
to  sudden  outbursts  of  firedamp,  the  use 
of  explosives  is  entirely  prohibited.  The 
methods   of   mining    in   such   seams   are. 


520 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September    10,  1910. 


therefore,  entirely  mechanical.  The  me- 
thods of  production  are,  of  course,  slower 
and  in  some  cases  more  expensive  than  if 
the  use  of  explosives  were  permitted. 
The  following  extract  emphasizes  the  con- 
trol exercised  over  the  use  of  explosives, 
vv'ith  a  resulting  reduction  in  the  liabilitx' 
to  serious  accidents: 

"In  the  case  of  hard  rocks,  to  avoid 
the  dangers  of  inflammation  of  firedamp, 
safety  explosives  are  employed.  The  pro- 
gress accomplished  in  this  direction  has 
been  notable  within  the  last  few  years. 
The  statistics  drawn  up  by  the  office  of 
accidents  in  mines  and  of  firedamp,  show 
that  the  quantity  of  explosives  consumed 
for  all  uses  in  the  coal  mines  amounted 
to  £1  kg.,  in  1893,  per  1000  tons  of  coal 
raised;  out  of  these,  40  consisted  of  blast- 
ing powder,  6  of  dynamite,  and  5  of  safety 
explosives;  in  1901,  the  total  consumption 
was  48  kg.,  out  of  which  only  20  consisted 
of  blasting  powder,  17  of  dynamite  and 
11  of  safety  explosives.  The  decrease 
of  the  total  consumption  and  especially  of 
blasting  powder  and  other  dangerous  ex- 
plosives has  only  taken  place  in  fiery 
mines.  In  nonfiery  mines  84  kg.  of  ex- 
plosives are  consumed  per  1000  tons, 
whereof  73  consist  of  slow  burning  pow- 
ders; in  the  most  dangerous  firedamp 
mines,  18  kg.  of  explosives  are  consumed, 
of  which  two-thirds  are  safety  explo- 
sives." 

Preventing  Outbursts  of  Firedamp 

It  is  observed,  however,  in  this  connec- 
tion, that  increase  of  security  in  firedamp 
mines  is  acquired  at  the  expense  of  econ- 
omy. The  Government  testing  station, 
which  was  established  by  the  Adminis- 
tration of  Mines  at  Frameries,  has 
achieved  commendable  results,  which 
have  caused  the  establishment  of  cor- 
responding testing  stations  in  other  coun- 
tries, including  the  United  States.  There 
can  be  no  question  of  doubt  but  that  fa- 
t?lities  due  to  gas  and  dust  explosions 
have  been  reduced  as  the  result  of  the 
efficient  labors  of  the  Belgian  testing  sta- 
tion under  the  administration  of  M.  Victor 
Watteyne.  Among  the  rules  insisted  upon 
in  fiery  mines  is  the  one  on  shot  firing 
by  electricity,  but  the  same  process  is 
extensively  used  in  other  mines,  which  are 
not  subject  to  gas  explosions.  Aside 
fiom  the  scientific  attention  which  has 
been  given  to  the  question  of  preventing 
accidents  from  gas  or  dust  explosion, 
special  regard  has  been  had  to  ventila- 
tion to  make  the  mines  more  healthful 
by  supplying  a  sufficient  volume  of  air. 
The  chief  consideration,  however,  has 
been  the  effort  to  prevent  the  sudden 
outbursts  of  firedamp,  and  the  measures 
which  have  given  the  best  results  consist 
i'l  limiting  the  daily  advance  of  the  wall- 
faces  and  in  keeping  bore  holes  in  ad- 
vance. As  the  result  of  this  effort  the 
fatal  accidents  due  to  sudden  outbursts 
of    firedamp    are    only    one-third    of    the 


total  number  of  such  outbursts  reported 
by  the  Administration  of  Mines.  Of  late 
years,  portable  electric  lamps  have  been 
introduced,  and  apparently  with  satisfac- 
tory results.  Regardless  of  the  increasing 
difficulties  in  mining  due  to  the  conditions 
referred  to,  the  fatality  rate  has  rapidly 
diminished. 

The  Fatal  Accident  Rate 

The  fatal  accident  rate  in  Belgian  coal 
mines  has  never  been  as  high  as  in 
American  coal  mines  during  recent  year, 
but  the  following  figures  are  exceedingly 
significant.  Between  1861  and  1870  the 
rate  was  2.61  per  1000,  diminishing  to 
2.45  during  1871-80,  to  1.99  during  1881- 
90,  and  further  to  1.39  during  1891-1900. 
During  the  last  eight  years  the  accident 
rate  per  1000  men  employed  has  been 
1.17  in  1901,  1.07  in  1902,  1.13  in  1903, 
0.93  in  1904,  0.91  in  1905,  0.95  in  1906, 
;.04  in  1907,  and'  1.07  in  1908.  The 
rate  in  detail  for  each  of  the  years  form- 
ing the  period  1850-1908  is  given  in  table 
No.  1,  furnished  by  the  Royal  Administra- 
tion of  Mines. 


lAIlI.E  1.     FATAL  ACCIDEXTS  IX  BEI.tilAN 
rOAI.    MIXES.    lS.-,(  1-1  tins. 


1  Rates 

per 

1000  emp 

oyed) 

185 

0-1869. 

187 

0-1889. 

1890-1908. 

Year. 

Rate. 

Year. 

Rate. 

Year. 

Rate. 

IS.iO. 

4.42 

1870. 

2  25 

1890, . . 

. ,     1 . 56 

IS.'.l , 

2.61 

1871. 

.  .  .  .    2.71 

1891. . , 

..     1.40 

is:>L> 

. .     ,5.17 

1872. 

3.17 

1892... 

.  .    2 , 84 

is:,:! 

2  86 

1873. 

2.52 

1893... 

..    1.12 

IS.'vl 

3.91 

1874 

2.30 

1894.... 

..     1,73 

1855. 

. . . .    3.55 

1875. 

3,27 

1895.. . 

..    1,40 

1856. 

3.29 

1876. 

1,82 

1896, . . 

..     1.16 

1857. 

2.71 

1877. 

. . . .    1.59 

1897. . . 

.  .    1 . 03 

1.S58. 

....    3.02 

1878. 

2,08 

1898,. . 

,.    1.40 

1S59. 

2,81 

1879. 

3.27 

1899... 

..    0.97 

■iseo. 

.    2   SO 

1880. 

2.73 

1900    .. 

. .    1 , 05 

1861  . 

.     .    2,56 

1881, 

3  03 

1901. . 

..    1,16 

ISfiL' 

.  ,  ,  .    3 , 26 

1882, 

....    2 , 09 

1902    .. 

..    1,07 

IStiH 

2 .  89 

1SS3. 

2.44 

1903. .. 

..    1.13 

isH4 

,     . ,    2   76 

1S84 

2 ,  26 

1904, . 

.  .    0  93 

1st;.-. 

..     ,    3.,i3 

1885. 

1 .  82 

1905    . 

..    0.91 

1  Slit; 

2 .  54 

1886. 

1 .  33 

1906, . 

.  .    0  95 

ISfiT 

,    2.53 

1.SS7 

2 ,  84 

1907 , . 

..    1.04 

1.S6S 

,  .  .  ,    3 , 22 

1888 

1,75 

1908, , 

,,    1   07 

1S69. 

,  ,  ,  ,    2,71 

1SS9 

1   36 

it  was  6.99.  The  decrease  in  the  rate 
has  continued,  and  during  1902  the  rates 
were  lower  for  the  separate  causes,  or 
respectively,  4.30  for  falls  of  coal  and 
roof,  0.90  for  firedamp,  1.71  for  shaft  ac- 
cidents, and  3.76  for  miscellaneous  acci- 
dents. 

How  Increased  Safety  Was  Obtained 

In  commenting  upon  the  decline  in  the 
fatality  rate,  the  government  report  pre- 
viously referred  to  states  that:  "This  con- 
siant  improvement  is  the  result  of  the 
combined  efforts  of  the  mine  owners,  the 
workmen,  and  the  Administration  of 
Mines;  it  is  due  to  a  great  extent  to  dif- 
fusion of  technical  and  professional  edu- 
cation, to  the  keeping  in  force  of  the 
police  regulations  of  1884,  and  to  the  ad- 
ministrative organization  of  the  scientific 
study  of  accidents." 

The  decline  in  the  Belgian  fatality  rate 
during  the  last  40  years  is  in  striking 
contrast  to  the  material  increase  in  the 
corresponding  rate  far  the  coalfields  of 
North  America.  The  table  which  follows 
shows  the  comparative  fatality  rate  in 
coal  mining  in  Belgium  and  North  Amer- 
ica in  the  20  years  ending  with  1908. 


COMI'ARATIVE  FATALITY  RATE  IX  COAL 

JIIXIXG,    BELGIUM    AXD    XORTH 

AMERICA.    1889-1908. 

(Rates  per   1000  emplo.ved) 


The  decline  in  the  fatality  rate  has  ex- 
tended to  all  of  the  principal  causes,  and 
considering  only  the  four  decades  form- 
ing the  40-year  period  1861-1900,  the  de- 
cline has  been  as  follows:  Falls  of  coal 
and  roof  caused  a  fatality  rate  of  8.98 
per  10,000  employed  during  1861-70,  the 
rrte  declining  to  7.08  during  1871-80,  to 
6  61  during  1881-90,  and  to  5.10  during 
1891-1900.  The  fatality  rate  due  to  fire- 
damp declined  from  3.44  during  1861-70, 
to  4.87  during  1871-80,  to  3.64  during 
1881-91),  and  to  2.55  during  1891-1900. 
Shaft  accidents  decreased  from  a  fatality 
rate  of  6.76  during  1861-70  to  5.56  during 
1871-80,  to  2.87  during  1881-90,  and  to 
2.14  during  1891-1900.  Miscellaneous  ac- 
cidents remained  practically  stationary 
during  the  first  30  years  of  the  period, 
but  the  rate  diminished  from  6.87  during 
1861-70  to  6.80  during  1881-90,  to  4.12 
during  1891-1900.  There  was  a  slight  rise 
in  the  rate  between  1871   and   1880,  when 


Belgium. 

North 
.\merica. 

1889-1893    

1.66 
1.30 
1.08 
0.98 

2,66 

1894-1898 

2,57 

1899-1903    

3.23 

1904-1908 

3.63 

According  to  this  comparison,  the  fa- 
tality rate  for  Belgium  has  diminished 
from  1.66  per  1000  to  0.98  during  the 
last  20  years,  while  the  corresponding 
rate  for  the  North  American  coalfields 
has  increased  from  2.66  to  3.63.  While 
the  Belgian  rate  has  decreased  0.68  per 
1000  during  the  period  under  considera- 
tion, the  rate  for  the  North  American 
coalfields  has  increased  0.97  per  1000. 
The  contrast  is  an  indictment  of  present 
methods  of  coal  mining  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada  and  the  waste  in 
human  life  is  as  appalling  as,  by  Belgian 
standards,  it  is  needless. 


Withdrawal   of   Utah  Land 

By  order  of  Secretary  Ballinger,  51,- 
780  acres  of  public  lands  in  Tooele,  Gar- 
field and  Kane  counties,  Utah,  will 
become  subject  to  settlement  after  Aug. 
22.  The  lands  were  under  temporary 
withdrawal  for  forestry  purposes  near 
Powell,  Sevier  and  Nebo  Forests,  Utah, 
and  are  for  the  most  part  surveyed  and 
unappropriated.  Certain  lands  in  San 
Juan  county  will  also  he  restored  to  en- 
try  under  the    Enlarged    Homestead   act. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


521 


Systematic  Development  in  Pittsburg  Seam 

The  Main  Feature  Recognized  Is  the   Pitch  of  the  Basins,   while  the 
Serious  Problem  Encountered  Is  the  Proper  Control  of   Roof   Settlement 


BY        F. 


SCHELLENBERG* 


I  Systematic  exploitation  in  the  Pittsburg 
coal  seam  on  a  large  scale  is  simple 
where  the  boundaries  of  the  property  do 
not  interfere  by  forcing  drainage,  venti- 
lation and  transport  lines  of  entries  to 
be  run  to  particular  confined  fronts.  A 
prime  condition  governing  development 
is  the  natural  direction  of  the  seam's 
perpendicular  cleavage  planes,  giving 
long  lines  of  smooth  faces  near  together 
and  parallel,  bearing  about  65  deg.  to 
tne  left  of  the  meridian  and  therefore 
crossing    the    basins.      The    gradients    of 

,  dip  into  the  basins  change  from  10  per 
cent,  at  the  east  rim  to  practical  flatness 
northwestward  across  the  great  coalfields, 
s  hundred  miles  wide;  the  dip  being 
halved  in  the  rate  at  each  successive 
crossing-over  of  an  anticlinal  crest. 
Elevations  above  sea  level  on  this  trans- 
verse  section,   in   scope    of   present   de- 

I  velopment,  differ  by  1000  ft.  between 
low  trough  and  high  outcrop.  Local 
irregularities  of  dip  are  found,  but 
the  main  feature  to  be  recognized  is  the 


operation  to  be  undertaken  and  the  steps 
in  controlled  exhaustion  need  be  but  a 
projection  of  two  dimensions  on  the  hori- 
zontal plane  of  space,  and  this  for  the 
most  part  composed  of  natural,  almost 
unbroken  lines,  on  the  face  and  on  the 
end  of  the  coal,  coordinating  rectangu- 
larly. 

Gas  and  Coking  Coal  Characteristics 

The  thin-vein  gas  coal  of  the  Pittsburg 
region  is  bright,  cuboidal,  and  hard,  and 
is  marked  by  having  the  mineral  matter 
mostly  in  bedding  slates  defining  the 
measures,  while  the  coking  soft  coal  of 
tall  cross  section  at  Connellsville  is  col- 
umnar-fissured to  incoherence,  and  has 
its  mineral  matter  less  segregated.  In- 
termediate in  characteristic  appearance 
and  position  is  the  thick  coal  of  the 
transition  territory. 

Top  and  Bottom  Coal  Left  In 

The  bedding  layers,  the  main  meas- 
ures   of    the    seam,    which    provide    the 


■//^/^//rr,^r^n'/r/j'///M 


^o     o      o     a 


£— fi e*     o     n 


-42- 


i?o-H 


"swamp"  in  the  seam's  lay.  Normal  to 
the  cleavage  planes,  on  the  face  of  the 
coal,  is  the  direction  of  attack  easiest  to 
get  product  in  quantity,  and  so  in  flat 
districts  the  rooms  are  always  run  for 
depths  of  75  yd.  The  last  detail  of  sur- 
vey is  the  setting  in  the  roof  of  "sights." 
These  are  points  for  ranging  the  room 
driving  on  parallel  lines,  with  the  divid- 
ing pillars,  the  room  ribs,  of  even  thick- 
ness. 

The  technical  "mining"  requisite  for 
proper  preparatory  work  at  the  face  of 
advancing  workings  is  to  cut  loose,  by 
channel  trenching,  by  hand  or  power  pick, 
the  bottom  and  one  side  at  least,  before 
rending  violently  la;  body  of  the  coal 
tf;  the  same  depth  from  the  face.  For- 
merly, in  the  gas  coal,  its  peculiar  band- 
slates  were  removed  in  making  along 
them,  instead  of  at  the  bottom,  the  un- 
dercutting channel  called  the  "bearing- 
in";  and  the  vertical  kerfing  at  the  side 
called  the  "shearing"  also  always  was 
made  for  getting  lump  coal  by  wedge 
and  sledge  instead  of  the  "all-digging" 
that  answered  for  soft  coal.  It  is  now 
attempted  to  partly  or  completely  super- 
sede undercutting  and  shearing  by  heavy 
charge  blasting;  but  experience  in  every 
locality    will    repeatedly    call    for    better 


Fic.  1.     General  Plan  of  Rib-drawing,  Connellsville  Region 


Rib  cut  across  Rib  ready  for  first  falL        Rib  ready  for  last  fall. 

Fig.  2.  Details  of  Rib-dra>);  ing.     Rooms  42-ft.  Center? 


pitch  of  the  basins  —  the  general  rise 
northwestward  at  20  ft.  per  mile,  from 
100  ft.  below  sea  level  at  the  low  point 
tear  the  southwest  corner  of  Pennsylvania 
0  1500  ft.  and  more  above  tide,  and  the 
appearance  then,  at  the  surface,  of  the 
lower  coal  seams  carried  in  the  next 
Jeeper-lying  thousand  feet  of  rock  meas- 
ires;  below  which  series  come  the  oil 
md  gas  sands  of  Oliphant's  charted  col- 
.imn  of  strata,  reaching  down  altogether 
WOO  ft.  below  the  Pittsburg  coal  seam. 
Because  of  the  general  regularity  of 
Jccurrence  of  the  coal  seam,  the  mine 
'lap  depicting  the  courses  of  economic 

•I'lttslmri;.    I'cnn. 

NiiTK  I'npir  rnail  lieforo  tlio  Amerlran  In- 
itltiilp  of  Miniin;  IlimiiiMiTS  at  tile  I'lttsburg 
Jnectlng.   Murcb.    I!tl0. 


greater  part  of  the  product,  are  very 
uniform  in  a  district,  the  extremes  of 
gradual  variation  in  size  being  from  9 
ft.  total  thickness  at  the  east  near  Con- 
nellsville to  barely  4  ft.  6  in.  at  the  west 
beyond  Pittsburg.  In  the  eastern  basin, 
5  in.  of  main  coal  at  the  top  and  2  in. 
at  the  bottom  arc  left  standing  to  cover 
the  fire-clays  above  and  below  the  bed 
and  protect  them  from  air-slacking.  In 
the  western  region  several  inches  of 
slaty  bottom  coal  are  left  standing;  then 
the  1-ft.  fire-clay  "draw  slate"  is  regu- 
larly taken  down  as  a  hanging  clod,  in 
order  to  secure  a  safe,  smooth,  and  high- 
er top  under  the  roof  coal,  which  is  of 
slaty  layers  and  not  to  be  removed  un- 
less    ripped     in     grading     entry     over 


select    "lump,"    hard    coal    product,    with 
Itss  dangerous  shooting. 

Pick    Mining    Has   About    Disappeared 

The  method  of  mining  by  all-pick  work 
subsists  now  only  at  smaller  mines  among 
the  outcrop  areas  of  the  seams.  By  it 
the  miner's  unit  of  work  for  12  months 
was,  singly,  to  drive  up  a  7-yd.  wide  room 
and  then  bring  back  from  the  head  a 
continuous  4-yd.  rib.  He  had  to  set 
three  rows  of  posts  and  lay  wooden  track 
going  up,  and  could  bring  out  most  of 
the  wood  after  the  double  use  of  some 
posts  and  of  extra  rib-posts. 

The  diameter  of  the  ordinary  post  is 
1-20  of  the  hight;  and  the  cap  piece,  18 
in.  long,  2  in.  thick,  and  4  in.  wide, 
wedges  the  post  over  the  top.    The  posts 


522 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


are  placed  in  5-ft.  spans,  to  hold  the  roof- 
plies  from  raveling.  Heavier  timber  is 
usually  needed  only  where  the  entry 
opens  over  more  than  the  common  scant 
3-yd.  width  required  between  continu- 
ous trim  coal  pillars  to  keep  a  track  and 
its  drain  in  proper  order. 

Method  of   Development 

The  coal  mines  of  the  Pittsburg  seam 
are  symmetrical  in  layout  of  entries,  aside 
fiom  gravitating  drainage   and   transport 


Rib  cut  across. 


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Rib  ready  for  second  fall. 


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Rib  ready  for  last  fall. 


1400  ft.  along  the  trunk  belt.  The 
trunk  belt  is  made  400  ft.  or  more  wide, 
so  as  to  contain  the  main  entries  for  all 
purposes. 

In   the   panels,   which   are   400   or  500 
ft.   on    face   by    1200    ft.   along    face,   the 


retreat  work  of  drawing  out  the  ribs,  in 
the  200  ft.  half  space,  say  northeast,  be- 
fore starting  in  from  other  tier  southwest, 
there  being  then  shorter  roof-break  lines, 
diagonal  half  end  and  half  face  along  the 
stumps,    and    also    more    solid    coal    next 


Fic.  3.     Details  of  RiB-nRAwiNC,  Con- 

nellsville  region.    rooms  80-ft 

Centers 

main  lines.  In  the  gas-coal  districts,  on 
light  dips,  the  cross  entries  are  a  pair  of 
butts  in  a  belt  100  ft.  wide,  located  at 
intervals  of  500  or  600  ft.  along  the  sec- 
tion entries,  which  are  Jn  triple,  com- 
prising a  pair  of  haulways,  with  return 
air-course  between,  on  the  face,  in  a 
belt   200    ft.   wide,   disposed    about   every 


Fic.  4.     Thompson-Connellsville  Coke  Co.     Method  of  Rib-drawinc 

room-and-rib  working  is  from  the  oppo-  as  a  barrier  against  settling  falls.     Usu- 

site   butt   entries,   but   not   always  simul-  ally,    however,   the    rooms   turn    off   both 

taneously  for  rooms  to  meet  midway,  as  sides  at  once  from  the  pairs  of  butts  (in 

ii   may   prove    better   to   bring   the    roof  spacing  along  of  33  ft.  or  39  ft.,  as  rooms 

down   to  settlement   after   the    immediate  are  to  widen  to  7  yd.  with  4-yd.  ribs  or  to 


September  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


523 


8  yd  with  5-yd.  ribs,  respectively),  and 
the  retreat  following  is  along  the  long 
break  line,  and  as  extending  both  ways 
may  have  straight-diagonal  or  broken  V- 
shaped;  the  last  named,  however,  is  not 
so  satisfactory. 

The  Control  of  Roof  Settlement 

There  are  graphical  schemes  in  the 
study  of  the  roof  effect  in  localities,  as 
criteria  of  timber  cost  and  recovery  of 
product,  aimed  to  be  more  than  90  per 
cent,  of  the  entire  exhausted  area.  If 
control  of  roof  settlement  is  lost  by  fail- 
ure to  secure  full  breaks  along  the  mar- 
gin next  the  stumps  of  coal,  there  is  an 
overrunning  in  dynamic  strains,  and  a 
squeeze  will  crush  the  coal  down  and  a 


on  the  rise  side  of  the  flat  only,  the  rc- 
m.oval  of  the  thick  ribs  is  attended  by 
the  withdrawal  of  the  entry  pillars  also 
as  one  connected  operation.  So  those 
mines    are    preferably    developed    to    a 


The  Engineering  ^^  Mining  Jaurnat 

Fig.  7.    .Method  of  Rib-drawing,  Pitts- 
burg Region 


throughs  where  the  entries  are  parallel 
and  near  together.  Although  the  working 
areas  are  not  shown  in  detail,  yet  the 
progress  of  exhaustion  is  shown  plainly, 
so  that  at  all  stages  the  ventilation  in 
broken  territory  may  be  regulated  to  al- 
low the  men  to  work  in  intake  air,  by  the 
drawing  off  of  the  foul  gases  in  goaves, 
directed  to  the  return  air  course  from  the 
older  works  in  the  rear  of  the  progress- 
ing retreat  work. 

Interference  or  Stopping  of  Work 
Causes   Serious    Difficulties 

Interference  in  the  progress  of  the 
mine  workings  is  especially  serious,  as  it 
inconsiderately  affects  the  retreat  work- 
ings.    Interruption,  stopping  and  starting 


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Fig.  5.    Pittsburg  Coal  Co.    Method  of  Working, 
Pittsburg    Region 


T'lt   Engintti-ing  ^  Mimug  Jaumal 

Fig.  6.   Monongahela  River  Consolidated  Coal  and 
Coke  Co.    Method  of  Working,  Pittsburg  Region 


creep  will  raise  up  the  soft  bottom  into 
the  open  space,  and  even  the  solid  near 
by  may  be  placed  in  stress  if  relieving 
roof  breaks  are  prevented  by  desultory 
working  out  of  the  areas.  In  some  in- 
stances, the  settlement  of  the  roof  has 
reached  through  700  ft.  of  cover  by  Assur- 
ing to  the  surface.  The  exhaustion  of 
panel  coal  is  intended  to  be  independ- 
ent of  the  removal  of  the  entry  pillars, 
cspecialy  on  the  longer  line  of  retreat. 
In  the  coke  region,  with  the  section  en- 
tries ("flats,"  as  skirting  along  the  level 
line  of  strike)  having  butt  entries  300 
ft.  apart  with  narrow  rooms  of  4  yd.  or 
less  between  pillars  of   16  yd.   or  more. 


boundary,  and  the  recovery  of  the  re- 
mainder of  the  coal  from  each  area  is 
postponed  for  the  time. 

Diagram  of  Ventilating  Devices 

A  diagrammatic  map  on  which  the 
width  of  the  regular  belts  composing  the 
entries  is  exaggerated,  but  the  spacing 
of  the  panels  is  shown  in  mean  dimen- 
sions, is  an  ingenious  device  for  indi- 
cating in  detail  the  position  of  the  per- 
manent and  temporary  appliances  for  di- 
recting the  ventilating  air  currents  and 
the  lines  for  conducting  power  and  other 
courses — as  of  prescribed  foot  travel,  etc. 
— in  the  wide-showing  entries,  with  cut- 


up  on  short  notice,  imposes  irregularity 
on  all  the  operating  conditions  of  the 
mine,  and  on  the  force  of  men  as  an  ade- 
quate whole.  It  is  contributory  to  acci- 
dents, and  catastrophes  have  had  such 
ulterior  cause.  It  ought  to  be  remem- 
bered that  "economy"  is  a  word  deriva- 
tively meaning  "house  keeping."  And 
used  in  its  widest  sense  as  applying  to 
mine  management,  economy  means  con- 
servation of  living  conditions  so  as  to  se- 
cure the  welfare  and  best  efforts  of  the 
men. 

Of  the  accompanying  illustrations.  Figs. 
I  to  4  show  the  methods  of  pillar  drawing 
followed  in  the  Connellsville  region.     Fig. 


S24 


THE   ENGINEEKING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


1  shows  the  method  in  general  use  with 
hand  power  in  this  district,  being  that 
practiced  by  H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Company, 
and  others;  Figs.  2  and  3  give  the  details 
for  rooms  with  42-ft.  and  80- ft.  centers; 
while  Fig.  4  is  the  plan  laid  out  by  John 
H.  Rayburn  for  the  Thompson-Connells- 
ville  Coke  Company,  where  compressed 
air  machines  do  undercutting  and  their 
aid  is  anticipated  for  initiating  cross-cut 
slicings,  marked  off  regularly  every  20 
ft.;  at  least  until  the  roof  has  taken 
weight. 


similar  to  Fig.  5  in  showing  together 
room  workings  on  one  side  or  both  sides, 
a  pair  of  butt  entries  at  a  time,  as  alter- 
natives. This  company's  plan,  shown  in 
Fig.  8,  makes  complete  the  showing  of 
the  consummate  manner  in  which  the  air 
circulation  is  saved  from  interference  by 
the  transport. 

Fig.  7,  from  a  drawing  by  Edward 
AlcGrew,  shows  in  good  form  the  method 
in  general  use,  as  a  proper  succession  of 
the    stages    of    exhaustion.      Everywhere 


Illinois  Coal  Operators  Will  Not 
Yield 


'A,-  /.'rtjixroi-illj  ^^/^tli»rl  Journal 


flc.  8.     monongahela  river  consolidated  coal  and  coke  co. 
Method  of  Working,  Pittsburg   Region 


Scheme  of  Development  in  Pittsburg 
District 

The  methods  of  working  in  the  Pitts- 
burg regions  are  shown  in  Figs.  5  to  8. 
Of  these.  Fig.  5,  furnished  by  the  Pitts- 
burg Coal  Company,  is  a  composite  plan 
of  two  types  for  control  in  rapid  exhaus- 
tion across  the  panel.  There  are  four 
face  entries.  Rooms  are  24  ft.  wide,  ribs 
15  ft.  Fig  6,  by  the  Monongahela  River 
ConsolidPtPd  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  is 


the  front  of  breaking  roof  is  to  be  a  line 
of  faces  en  echelon,  and  its  rear  settled 
broken  ground  or  a  sufficient  margin  of 
solid  coal. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  in  the  Connells- 
ville  region  the  coal  is  wanted  fine  for 
charring  in  the  coke-ovens,  while  in  the 
Pittsburg  region  lump  coal  is  preferred 
for  the  market.  The  intermediate  terri- 
tory provides  best  for  the  by-product 
ovens,   so   called. 


Definite   plans  to  oppose   the   striking 

miners  have  been  decided  upon  by  the 
Illinois  Operators'  Association.  By 
unanimous  vote  it  was  decided  that  each 
member  of  the  association  should  deposit 
a  bond  based  upon  the  earnings  of  his 
mine,  this  bond  to  be  sacrificed  if  he 
signed  a  contract  with  the  miners  without 
the  consent  of  the  Operators'  Association. 

This  last  action  of  the  operators  was 
voted  upon  by  secret  ballot  and  carried 
unanimously.  A.  J.  Moorehead,  president 
of  the  Operators'  Association,  said:  "I 
am  satisfied  that  the  operators  will  never 
give  in  to  the  strikers  until  a  fair  settle- 
ment is  offered." 

For  the  benefit  of  the  miners  who  are 
on  strike  in  Illinois,  there  is  now  an  as- 
sessment of  10  per  cent,  on  the  earnings- 
of  the  Illinois  miners  who  are  at  work. 
At  the  recent  meeting  of  the  United  Mine 
Workers  in  Indianapolis,  the  result  of  the 
strike  vote  was  40,000  to  2000  against  a 
resolution  favoring  a  compromise. 


COLLIERY- NOTES 


ma 


West  Bear  Ridge  Colliery,  owned  and 
operated  by  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Coal  and  Iron  Company,  near  Mahanoy 
City,  Penn.,  was  recently  destroyed  by 
fire. 

An  order  withdrawing  from  entry  more 
than  8,000,000  acres  of  coal  land  in  Idaho 
was  signed  by  President  Taft,  Aug.  24. 
The  land  was  withdrawn  in  compliance 
with  the  administration's  conservation 
policy. 

Rioting  and  bloodshed  came  as  the  re- 
sult of  the  strike  of  miners  employed  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company,  at  Old 
Forge.  Shots  were  fired  by  State  troopers 
who,  after  using  their  maces  right  and 
left  on  a  crowd  of  miners,  found  it  nec- 
essary to  resort  to  their  revolvers  when 
the  crowd  turned  on  them  with  clubs. 
The  strikers  later  destroyed  several  coal 
structures  with  dynamite. 

For  several  years  there  has  been  a 
steady  increase  in  the  demand  for  the 
"prepared"  sizes  of  anthracite  coal,  and 
this  tendency  has  brought  about  a  cor- 
responding increase  in  the  cost  of  hand- 
ling the  coal  after  it  comes  out  of  the 
mine.  Such  market  conditions  have  led 
to  a  general  reconstruction  of  coal  break- 
ers. At  one  time  consumers  may  be 
calling  for  "  nut,"  while  two  or  three 
months  later  they  all  want  large  quan- 
tities of  "egg"  or  "stove."  The  breakers, 
therefore,  must  be  built  so  that  the  pro- 
duction of  each  size  may  be  regulated 
according  to  the  demand.  It  is  also  true 
that  the  companies  are  now  mining  the 
poorest  veins,  which  coal  requires  a  more 
elaborate  process  of  preparation. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


525 


PERS  O  NAL 


Miiiiiii;  and   nietallurcicMl   miirinpiTs   are  in- 
vited   til    kl>Pp    Thk    KNIilNIM-.lllM;    AM'    MlMNcl 

JoriiNAI.    infiirnu'd    of    tlielr    inovenii'Uts    and 
appointments. 


J.  Parke  Charming  will  leave  for  Ari- 
zona on  Sept.  9. 

W.  Y.  Westervelt  sailed  on  Sept.  7  for 
London  and  the  Levant. 

Arthur  H.  Wethey,  of  Butte,  has  re- 
turned from  an  European  trip. 

E.  L.  Dufourcq  is  expected  to  return 
from  Mexico  about  Sept.  17  next. 

T.  Lane  Carter,  of  Osgood,  Carter  & 
Co.,  Chicago,  is  examining  mines  in 
Missouri. 

Fred.  T.  Williams,  of  Park  City,  Utah, 
has  been  at  Big  Pine,  Cal.,  on  mine-ex- 
amination work. 

Hallet  R.  Bobbins,  of  Seattle,  Wash., 
is  examining  mining  claims  in  the  negh- 
borhood  of  Haines,  Alaska. 

Bertram  Hunt,  of  San  Francisco,  has 
been  at  the  Jewel  mine  in  the  Boundary 
district  of  British  Columbia. 

Robert  H.  Magly,  for  five  years  past 
general  manager  of  the  Bessie  Ferrosili- 
con  Company,  Columbus,  O.,  has  resigned 
his  position. 

Dr.  R.  H.  Richards,  of  Boston,  last 
week  delivered  an  address  on  ore  concen- 
tration at  Joplin,  Mo.,  before  a  large 
audience  of  mining  men. 

Philip  Wiseman,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
who  has  been  spending  the  summer  in 
Europe  with  his  family,  is  due  in  New 
York,  Sept.  16,  on  the  "Mauretania." 

John  Young,  superintendent  of  the 
Walton  mine  of  the  Monongahela  Con- 
solidated company,  at  Elizabeth,  Penn., 
has  gone  to  Scotland  on  a  vacation  trip. 

Prof.  R.  B.  Brinsmade,  of  Morgantown, 
W.  Va.,  is  in  the  anthracite  region  of 
Pennsylvania,  studying  tlie  methods  used 
for  mining  and  preparing  coal  for  market. 

Dr.  Joseph  A.  Holmes  has  been  ap- 
Jointed  by  President  Taft  director  of  the 
lew  Bureau  of  Mines.  Comment  on  this 
ippointment  will  be  found  on  another 
'age. 

Fritz  Cirkel,  of  Montreal,  is  in  the  as- 
icstos  district  of  Quebec  making  a  col- 
lection of  asbestos-serpentine  and  its 
iroducts  for  the  Department  of  Mines  at 
Ottawa. 

Harold  Sturges  has  resigned  his  posi- 
ion  at  the  Ocotes  mine  of  the  Tcziutlan 
Copper  Mining  Company,  and  will  take 
ip  some  options  in  the  Tlacolula  district, 
)axaca. 

'*'.  L.  Cummings,  geologist  of  the  Beth- 
ehem  Steel  Company,  returned  on  Aug. 
!0  from  a  short  trip  to  Cuba.  His  per- 
iianent  address  is  319  North  High  street, 
iethlehem,  Pennsylvania. 

Arthur  W.  Jenks  has  gone  to  Chilecito, 
'rovincia  de  Rioja,  Argentina,  for  Hoop- 


er, Speak  &  FciiJ  ng,  as  resident  man- 
ager of  the  properties  of  the  Famantina 
Development  Corporation. 

Edward  Slade,  formerly  of  the  British 
Canadian  Asbestos  Mines  at  Black  Lake, 
P.  Q.,  has  been  Lippointed  general  man- 
ager of  the  Blac!  Lake  Consolidated  As- 
bestos Company  at  Black  Lake. 

Prof.  E.  S.  Moore,  of  the  geological 
department  of  the  Pennsylvania  State 
College,  is  preparing  a  report  for  the 
Ontario  government  on  the  mineral 
conditions  of  the  Sturgeon  Lake  district. 

G.  G.  S.  Lindscy,  of  Toronto,  formerly 
general  manager  of  the  Crow's  Nest  Pass 
Coal  Company,  has  gone  to  British 
Columbia  to  inspect  the  Portland  Canal 
region  and  the  coal-mining  districts  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  road. 

Francis  L.  Robbins,  formerly  president 
of  the  Pittsburg  Cnal  Company,  and  now 
president  of  t'--;  Mobile  Portland  Cement 
and  Coal  Company,  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  has 
been  in  Pittsburg  buying  machinery  and 
structural  steel  for  his  company. 

James  White,  Ottawa,  for  years  chief 
geographer  for  the  Canadian  Department 
of  the  Interior,  now  secretary  of  the 
Canadian  Commission  of  Conservation, 
is  in  British  Columbia  obtaining  informa- 
tion relative  to  the  water  powers  of  that 
province. 

J.  E.  Johnson,  Jr.,  whose  resignation  as 
general  superintendent  of  the  Thomas 
division  of  the  Republic  Steel  and  Iron 
Company,  was  recently  announced,  leaves 
that  company  to  become  manager  of  the 
Ashland  plant  of  the  Lake  Superior  Iron 
and  Chemical  Company,  at  Ashland, 
Wisconsin. 

M.  H.  Fies,  of  Birmingham,  Ala.,  has 
resigned  as  general  superintendent  of  the 
Birmingham  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  and 
has  leased  and  is  operating  Short  Creek 
No.  1  mine.  Mr.  Fies'  successor  has  not 
yet  been  appointed,  the  work  being 
handled  temporarily  direct  by  Mr.  James 
Bonnyman,  general  manager. 

George  E.  Roberts  has  been  appointed 
director  of  the  United  States  mint,  to 
succeed  A.  Piatt  Andrew,  recently  ap- 
pointed assistant  secretary  of  the  treas- 
ury. Mr.  Roberts  was  director  for  several 
years,  resigning  two  years  ago  to  become 
president  of  the  Commercial  National 
Bank  at  Chicago.  He  is  thoroughly 
versed  in  the  operations  and  affairs  of  the 
department  to  which  he  now  returns. 


+11   OBITUARV    1  + 


Thomas  F.  Griffin,  formerly  manager 
of  the  iron-ore  department  of  Corrigan, 
McKinney  &  Co.,  Cleveland,  0.,  died  at 
Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  Aug.  29,  aged 
42  years. 

William  R.  Dowling  was  killed  in  an 
automobile  accident  near  Saxonburg, 
Penn.,  Aug.  28.  He  was  26  years  old, 
and   was  assistant  superintendent  of  the 


open-hearth     furnaces    of    the    Jones    & 
Laughlin  Steel  Company,  Pittsburg. 

Frank  Robertson,  superintendent  of  the 
Tiro  General  mine  at  Charcas,  San  Luis 
Potosi,  Mexico,  was  killed  in  the  mine. 
Aug.  21,  by  an  ore  car,  which  fell  down 
the  shaft.  He  had  been  in  Mexico  for 
a  number  of  years,  and  was  for  some 
time  at  Guanajuato  before  going  to 
Charcas. 

Austin  Heckscher,  president  of  the 
Richard  Heckscher  &  Sons  Company, 
Philadelphia,  died  Aug.  27,  at  Westerly, 
R.  1.,  aged  52  years.  He  was  early  as- 
sociated with  his  father,  the  late  Richard 
Heckscher,  in  the  development  of  the 
Kohinoor  coal  mines  in  the  anthracite  re- 
gions at  Pottsville.  In  1886,  together 
with  his  father  and  brothers,  he  leased 
the  then  idle  blast  furnaces  at  Swcdeland, 
Penn.,  from  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Coal  and  Iron  Company,  and  effected 
their  purchase  in  1892.  Under  Mr.  Heck- 
scher's  presidency  and  progressive  policy 
since  1901  the  plant  has  been  greatly 
enlarged  and  modernized.  The  company 
has  recently  become  affiliated  with  the 
Alan  Wood  Iron  and  Steel  Company.  He 
was  also  a  director  of  the  Central  Na- 
tional Bank,  Philadelphia. 

Lucius  A.  Cole,  president  of  the  Na 
tional  Lead  Company,  died  on  Aug,  25,  at 
Carlsbad,  Austria.  It  had  been  the  cus- 
tom of  Mr.  Cole  for  several  years  to  go 
to  Carlsbad,  to  take  the  baths  there.  Mr. 
Cole  was  born  in  Columbus,  O.,  62 
years  ago.  He  spent  his  youth  in 
Columbus  and  Cincinnati.  He  went  to 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va.,  and  in  1890  came 
to  New  York.  The  next  year  the  National 
Lead  Company  was  formed,  with  Mr. 
Cole  as  its  treasurer.  He  served  suc- 
cessively as  vice-president  and  president, 
holding  the  latter  office  since  1896.  The 
National  Lead  Company  is  not  only  the 
largest  corroder  of  lead  in  the  United 
States,  but  also  is  an  important  miner  and 
smelter  of  lead  ore.  Mr.  Cole  had  lived 
in  Lewellyn  Park,  West  Orange,  N.  J., 
since  last  June.  His  home  for  18  years 
previous  to  that  was  in  East  Orange.  He 
was  a  director  in  the  Seaboard  National 
Bank,  the  New  Amsterdam  Casualty 
Company  and  the  Assurance  Company  of 
America.  Mr.  Cole  left  a  widow,  who 
was  Miss  EiTima  Straub,  of  Cincinnati, 
three  sons  and  three  daughters. 


iSOOETIEWrpNICAL  SCHOOLS 


i 


I.akc  Superior  Mining  Institute — The 
officers  for  the  ensuing  year  are  as  fol- 
lows: W.  J.  Richards,  Crystal  Falls, 
Mich.,  president ;  John  M.  Bush,  Frederick 
W.  Sperr,  James  H.  Rough,  E.  D.  Brig- 
ham  and  C.  H.  Munger,  vice-presidents; 
Charles  E.  Lawrence,  William  J.  West. 
Peter  W.  Pascoe.  L.  C.  Brewer  and  J.  B. 
Cooper,  managers;  A.  J.  Yungbluth,  Ish- 
pcming,  Mich.,  secretary;  C.  W.  Hopkins, 
Commonwealth.  Wis.,  treasurer. 


526 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910, 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      ]V[arL>^      Important 

-^      Mining     Centers    of     tKe  'World        -^ 


San  Francisco 

Sept.  1 — There  seems  to  be  coming  a 
revival  of  drift  mining  in  Nevada  county 
where  there  are  still  large  bodies  of 
auriferous  gravel  which  have  never  been 
mined.  One  of  the  most  ambitious  of 
the  new  projects  is  the  reopening  of 
El  Oro  mine  near  North  Columbia,  where 
C.  D.  Dean  is  in  charge  of  operations, 
cleaning  out  and  retimbering  the  tunnel 
to  get  access  to  old  workings.  The  mine 
is  on  an  extension  of  one  of  the  channels 
which  formed  the  Big  Blue  lead  at  North 
Bloomfield.  Only  the  rims  of  the  chan- 
nels were  worked  in  early  days,  the  main 
channel  not  having  been  reached.  There 
is  an  estimated  length  of  1000  ft.  of 
channel  to  be  worked.  Another  drift  mine 
being  reopened  is  that  at  Steep  Hollow 
which  will  be  worked  by  the  Sierra  Gold 
Mining  Company.  Here  another  portion 
of  the  Blue  Lead  channel  will  be  worked. 
The  present  tunnel  is  to  be  extended  a 
considerable  distance  to  reach  the  auri- 
ferous-gravel channel.  Large  sums  were 
mined  from  other  portions  of  this  channel 
in  early  days. 

The  monthly  production  of  oil  in  Cali- 
fornia has  now  nearly  reached  the  7,000,- 
000  bbl.  mark.  The  surplus  above  con- 
sumption is  now  rated  at  about  12  per 
cent.  In  July  the  San  Joaquin  Valley 
fields  yielded  5.301,016  bbl.;  the  coast 
fields  721,005;  and  the  southern  fields 
879,941.  The  Lakeview,  American  Oil- 
field and  Consolidated  Midway  gushers 
are  now  equaling  the  output  of  the  whole 
Coalinga  and  Kern  fields  put  together  so 
that  some  of  the  oil  men  are  beginning 
to  think  there  may  be  something  in  the 
conservation  of  oil  lands  after  all.  At  a 
recent  meeting  in  Los  Angeles  several 
prominent  oil  men  expressed  themselves 
in  favor  of  the  conservation  policy  as 
wise  for  the  Government  and  the  oil  men 
also. 


Denver 

Sept  4 — The  ore  output -of  the  mines 
of  Colorado  for  August  is  estimated  at 
approximately  S2,500,000  gross.  Cripple 
Creek  is  credited  with  72,089  tons,  of  a 
gross  value  of  SI, 366,044;  Leadville  with 
74,000  tons,  of  an  estimated  average 
value  of  SIO  per  ton;  Silverton  5275  tons 
of  ore,  gross  value,  S26,375;  Georgetown 
district,  S13,7,S0.  Then  there  is  Telluride, 
Gilpin  and  Clear  Creek  counties,  and 
other  smaller  camps  to  hear  from,  so  that 
the  above  estimate  is  under,  rather  than 
over  the  mark.  All  the  camps  show  a  big 
increase  over  July,  Cripple  Creek  having 
an   increase   of  20,268  tons    for  August. 


September  will  in  all  probability  far  ex- 
ceed August. 

Owing,  it  is  stated,  to  a  lack  of  ton- 
nage, the  North  American  Smelting  and 
Mines  Company,  operating  the  smeltery 
at  Golden,  has  announced  an  advance  in 
its  treatment  charges.  This  plant,  which 
gets  its  ore  supply  from  Gilpin  and  Clear 
Creek  counties,  has  not  been  running  at 
full  capacity  for  some  time  past.  The 
management  as  an  inducement  to  the 
producers  states  that  as  soon  as  sufficient 
ore  is  received  to  allow  the  plant  to  run 
at  full  capacity,  the  old  rate  will  be  re- 
sumed. It  is  just  reported  that  J.  M. 
Meyers,  the  superintendent,  has  dis- 
covered in  the  old  dump  at  the  French 
smeltery,  which  was  erected  in  '79,  and 
now  owned  by  the  North  American  Smelt- 
ing and  Mines  Company,  "ore  that 
promises  to  net  5100,000."  Some  work- 
men making  a  new  roadway  exposed  a 
section  of  the  old  dump  a  few  days  ago, 
and  it  is  reported  that  it  was  found  to 
contain  gold,  silver  and  copper,  and  so 
this  great  pile  which  has  laid  there  for 
30  years  will  be  retreated. 

The  mining  committee  of  the  Denver 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  Franklin  Guiter- 
man,  chairman,  is  going  to  make  a  care- 
ful study  of  such  mines  as  have  failed 
in  this  State,  and  the  reasons  therefor. 
To  this  end,  a  printed  form,  embodying 
a  set  of  questions,  is  to  be  sent  out  to 
each  mining  company.  It  is  probable 
that  in  90  cases  out  of  100,  the  answers 
will  tend  to  placing  the  blame  on  the 
property  instead  of  the  incapacity,  dis- 
honest or  otherwise,  of  the  men  at  the 
head  of  it,  and  it  would  seem  that  a  much 
surer  "plan  of  obtaining  the  truth  would 
be  to  send  a  "rubber-shoe"  man,  in  the 
shape  of  an  intelligent  and  trustworthy 
miner  of  long  experience  in  the  State, 
who  would  visit  each  camp  and  "sit 
around"  generally  and  talk  to  the  miners. 
He  would  get  inside  information  in  this 
way  tnat  could  not  be  obtained  by  sending 
around  circulars,  and  the  general  senti- 
ment and  opinion  of  the  miners  of  a 
camp  is,  as  a  rule,  very  close  to  the 
correct  mark.  This  plan  would  cost  more 
perhaps,  but  the  results  would  be  reliable. 

The  reason  given  by  the  management 
for  the  suspension  of  operations  at  the 
Kuenzel  smeltery  at  Buena  Vista  are  the 
difficulty  encountered  in  maintaining  a 
sufficient  ore-buying  fund,  and  the 
"seepage  of  the  molten  metals 
through  the  brick  foundations  inside  the 
stacks."  The  matte  which  was  produced 
by  the  10-days  run,  in  the  four  out  of 
the    eight    furnaces,   is   being    held    until 


the  refinery  is  completed.  It  is  stated 
that  the  Eastern  stockholders  and  di- 
rectors are  now  raising  an  ore- 
buying  fund,  and  that  operations  will  be 
resumed. 


Butte 

Sept.  4 — The  forest  fires  throughout  the 
State  have  been  checked  by  recent  rains 
and  the  situation  looks  better  than  at  any 
time  within  the  past  several  weeks.  The 
exact  amount  of  damage  done  to  the  min- 
ing industry  will  not  be  known  until  re- 
ports have  been  sent  in  from  the  isolated 
camps,  but  it  will  undoubtedly  figure  up 
to  a  large  total. 

The  fires  have  swept  over  a  part  of 
Lincoln  county  destroying  considerable 
mining  property.  At  the  Shaughnessy 
Hill  group  operated  by  McCorkle  &  Town, 
the  fire  wiped  out  all  of  the  surface  plant. 
It  will  be  reconstructed  at  once,  and 
operations  resumed.  The  town  of  Sylvan- 
ite  was  totally  destroyed  and  with  it  the 
plant  of  the  Lincoln  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany including  its  recently  completed 
stamp  mill. 

Reports  from  Idaho  say  that  the  dam- 
age to  mining  property,  while  large  in 
the  aggregate,  is  small  individually,  and 
will   quickly  be   restored. 

At  the  Bullion  mine,  Idaho,  eight  men 
lost  their  lives  in  the  tunnel  where  they 
sought  shelter  during  the  forest  fires. 
Sixteen  escaped  and  reached  Wallace, 
and  it  is  believed  that  20  men  have  been 
killed  at  Avery  and  Grand  Forks.  Em- 
ployees of  the  Hercules  and  Hecla  mines 
at  Burke  saved  the  great  plants  of  those 
properties  and  200  men  are  still  guarding 
the  flumes  carrying  the  town's  water  sup- 
ply. For  a  time  it  was  feared  the  Stand- 
ard and  Mammrth  mills  were  destroyed, 
but  they  remained  uninjured.  The  fire 
followed  the  hills  to  MuUan  and  Burke, 
and  grave  fears  for  both  these  towns 
were  entertained.  The  damage  will  not 
be  great  in  either  place. 

The  "smoke  case"  is  apparently  to  be 
renewed  this  fall.  Some  months  ago  the 
Attorney  General  of  the  United  States, 
acting  on  representations  made  to  him  by 
the  farmers  of  Deer  Lodge  valley,  filed  a 
suit  against  the  Washoe  Smelter  Com- 
pany alleging  that  vegetation  was  being 
destroyed  by  the  fumes  from  the  Washoe 
smeltery  at  Anaconda.  It  is  the  same 
case  which  was  heard  before  Judge  Hunt, 
hut  the  findings  in  the  case  were  not 
considered  satisfactory,  so  the  Govern- 
ment was  induced  to  take  the  matter  up. 
Expert    chemists    are    now    in    the    Deer 


September  10.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


527 


Lodge  valley  taking  samples  of  the  soil 
and  examining  the  trees,  vegetation  and 
grain.  The  Anaconda  company  has  ex- 
perts also  making  tests,  and  the  taking 
of  testimony  is  expected  to  be  even  more 
extended  than  it  was  in  the  smoke  case 
of  more  than  a  year  ago.  Considering 
the  dryness  of  the  season,  the  crcps  in 
the  Deer  Lodge  valley  never  looked  bet- 
ter and  this  will,  of  course,  be  taken 
advantage  of  by  the  Anaconda  company 
to  show  that  the  alleged  poisonous  gases 
and  the  arsenic  from  the  stack  of  the 
smeltery  are  not  as  destructive  to  the 
grain  and  vegetation  generally  as  repre- 
sented by  the  ranchers. 


Goldfield 

I  Sept.  3— The  much  talked  of  Goldfield- 

Ely  railroad  will  be  built  in  the  near 
future,  says  the  latest  report.  Engineers 
who  have  been  examining  the  situation 
from  the  standpoint  of  available  ore  ton- 

'.  nage,  along  the  proposed  route  have,  it 
is  said,  completed  their  work  and  are 
ready  to  make  a  favorable  report.  It  is 
also  reported  that  the  financial  end  of 
the  project  is  being  arranged  for  in  New 
York.  A  number  of  camps,  including 
Hamilton  and  Tybo,  are  on  the  surveyed 
line  and  a  16-mile  branch  would  connect 
with  Eureka  where  the  United  States 
Smelting  Company  owns  the  Richmond 
Eureka  property. 

The  production  in  Nye  county  for  the 
second  quarter  in  1910  according  to  the 
reports  thus  far  submitted  to  the  bullion 
tax  collector  was  Sl,9t55,319.  The  net 
yield  was  S383,241  on  which  the  tax 
paid  was  SI3,450.  This  shows  an  in- 
crease over  the  first  quarter  of  S5374. 
The  companies  included  are  Tonopah- 
Belmont,  Montana-Tonopah,  Tonopah, 
Tonopah  Extension,  and  the  Round 
Mountain  company,  of  Round  Mountain. 
The  Dexter  Consolidated  Mines  Com- 
pany, with  property  in  Manhattan,  has 
been  organized  to  include  the  holdings 
of  the  Dexter,  Stray  Deg  and  Jumping 
Jack  companies.  The  exchange  of  stock 
is  to  be  based  on  the  appraisement  of  a 
board  composed  of  John  G.  Kirchen, 
Malcolm  L.  McDonald  and  S.  H.  Brady. 
All  existing  litigation  has  been  dismissed 
and  leasers'  agreement  has  been  ratified 
to  provide  for  the  immediate  resumption 
of  work.  Following  directors  were  elected: 
Messrs.  Harris  Kirchen,  Van  Dyck, 
Symmes,  Zadig.  Hudson  and  Raycraft. 

Salt  Lake  City 
Sept.  4 — The  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  has  made  a  contract 
with  the  Yampa  mine  for  600  tons  of  ore 
a  day,  to  fake  the  place  of  the  heavy  sul- 
phide ores  previously  secured  from  the 
Utah  Consolidated.  At  present  the  Gar- 
field plant  is  operating  three  blast  fur- 
naces out  of  four,  and  is  running  five 
reverberatories.  In  the  neighborhood  of 
200  tons  of  copper  are  produced   daily. 


A  new  system  of  converting,  in  which 
basic-lined  converters  of  the  Pierce  & 
Smith  type  are  used,  has  been  adopted. 
The  convertcrsare  of  unusual  length,  being 
about  20  ft.  long,  and  10  ft.  in  diameter. 
The  shells  arc  lined  with  magnesia  brick, 
and  are  capable  of  turning  out  from  35 
to  60  tons  of  blister  copper  per  charge. 
They  are  said  to  be  able  to  run  1800 
tons  of  copper  without  relining.  The 
magnesia  brick  is  more  expensive  than 
the  ordinary  silica  lining,  and  the  me- 
chanical difficulty-  of  holding  it  in  place 
is  greater,  but  it  does  not  need  to  be  re- 
newed after  each  charge.  Five  coii- 
verters  of  this  type  have  been  installed, 
and  four  are  in  use.  The  Utah  Copper 
concentrates  run  about  26  per  cent,  silica. 
As  the  slag  is  not  derived  from  the  lin- 
ing, some  of  the  raw  concentrates  are 
charged  in  the  converters  direct,  with 
the  matte  at  intervals,  in  order  to  form 
the  silicious  ttux  with  the  iron  oxide.  It 
is  planned  to  increase  the  capacity  of  the 
Garfield  plant  by  the  addition  of  more 
reverberatories.  At  the  Murray  plant  the 
normal  tonnage  is  being  handled.  Six 
blast  furnaces  are  in  operation;  of  these 
five  are  working  on  lead  ores  and  one  on 
matte  concentration. 

There  have  been  an  unusually  large 
number  of  entries  on  coal  land  in  Emery 
county  recently.  On  Aug.  26  and  27  the 
receipts  of  the  local  United  States  land 
office  amounted  to  $18,000.  The  land 
was  taken  up  largely  by  Chicago  in- 
terests. 


Birmingham,  Ala. 

Sept.  6 — Efforts  to  bring  foreign  mem- 
bers of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  In- 
stitute to  the  Birmingham  district  after 
the  meeting  in  New  York  in  October  are 
not  abating  and  invitations  will  be  ex- 
tended in  the  expectation  that  they  will 
be  accepted.  Birmingham  members  say 
that  the  time  that  will  be  alloted  by  the 
foreigners  to  the  proposed  trip  after  the 
October  meeting  will  depend  on  Birming- 
ham being  included  in  the  itinerary. 

Two  sites  have  been  offered  the  Gov- 
ernment for  the  rescue  station  in  the  Bir- 
mingham district.  At  first  it  was  ex- 
pected that  the  Government  would  buy 
its  site;  but  when  word  came  from  the 
department  at  Washington  that  there  was 
no  appropriation  for  that  purpose,  dona- 
tions of  sites  were  offered.  A  rescue  sta- 
tion that  will  cost  about  .S5000  will  be 
built  and  trained  men  placed  in  charge. 
It  is  proposed  to  place  men  here  who  will 
be  training  local  men  in  the  rescue  work 
all  the  time  so  that  there  will  be  no  loss 
of  time. 


the  heaviest  producers  are  expending 
large  sums  of  money  in  improvements 
with  a  view  to  increasing  their  output. 
For  the  first  seven  months  of  1910  the 
total  tonnage  shipped  was  18,029  tons,  as 
against  29,942  for  the  12  months  of  1909. 
On  account  of  the  greater  amount  of  con- 
centrates shipped  the  average  value  is 
also  higher,  being  estimated  at  S424  per 
ton.  The  value  of  the  seven  months  out- 
put is  approximately  S8,320,000  or  at  the 
rate  of  over  26,000,000  oz.   for  the  year. 

The  Timmins-McMartin  Syndicate,  the 
largest  operators  in  the  Porcupine  camp, 
have  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the 
Sandy  Falls  water  power.  The  prelimin- 
ary work  on  this  undertaking  is  now  be- 
ing done,  and  power  is  expected  for  next 
June.  The  small  mill  on  the  Timmins 
property  is  treating  about  five  tons  of  ore 
per  day,  from  which  the  average  cleanup 
is   about  SI 000. 

Several  good  discoveries  have  lately 
been  made  in  the  vicinity  of  Elk  Lake, 
and  conditions  in  that  district  appear  to 
be  slowly  improving. 


Cobalt 

Sept.  4 — Since  the  slump  in  the  market 
for  Cobalt  stocks,  the  opinion  has  been 
gaining  ground  that  it  reflects  the  condi- 
tion of  the  mines.  In  view  of  this,  it  is 
interesting   to    note    that    practically    all 


Mexico  City 

Sept.  1 — The  National  Railways,  the 
Merger  system,  controlled  by  the  Mexican 
government,  has  acquired  the  Veracruz 
line  running  from  the  port  of  Veracruz 
to  connect  with  the  Tehuantepec  line.  The 
line  is  297  miles  long  and  is  an  important 
link  in  the  plan  for  the  complete  national- 
ization of  the  Mexican  roads. 

Special  interest  is  shown  in  the  activ- 
ities of  a  French  syndicate  in  the  Mexi- 
can mining  field.  This  syndicate  has  pur- 
chased recently  the  Cruz  del  Aire  mine  in 
Nuevo  Leon  for  500,000  pesos  and  also 
the  Pachonas  group  in  the  same  State 
for  5,000,000  pesos.  A  railroad  will  be 
built  to  serve  these  properties.  The  same 
interests  hold  an  option  on  the  Cigarrera 
mine  in  Chihuahua.  These  important  ne- 
gotiations indicate  a  strong  new  factor  in 
the  Mexican  field.  The  French  interests 
in  Mexico  heretofore  have  not  been  larg'!. 
The  French  residents  have  had  part  in 
various  mining  undertakings.  In  recent 
years  the  stock  of  the  Dos  Estrellas  mine 
in  El  Oro  district  has  been  largely 
traded  in  in  Paris.  The  Esperanza  of 
El  Oro  has  been  admitted  to  the  Paris 
bourse.  More  recently  a  Paris  brokerage 
house  has  taken  a  development  option  en 
property  at  El  Oro.  The  French  Roth- 
childs  have  long  had  very  important  min- 
ing interests  at  Boleo  in  Lower  California 
and  in  Michoacan.  The  later  are  inac- 
tive for  lack  of  a  railroad.  Other  French 
interests  control  the  Encinillas  mine  and 
smelting  plant  at  Santa  Rosalia  in  Chi- 
liuahua  and  they  have  recently  bought 
valuable  zinc  mines  in  eastern  Chihua- 
hua. 

It  looks  as  though  the  French  invest- 
ments in  Mexican  mining  will  be  of  mag- 
nitude and  will  be  a  factor  in  the  great 
development  of  the  industry. 


528 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


X.     X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


ReDorts  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
LsraUatiorxS,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The  Current  History  of    Mining 


Alabama 

Fayette  County 
Providence  Oil  and  Gas  Company — At 
the  annual  meeting  in  Birmingham.  Ala.. 
Aug.  30,  the  opposition  party  was  voted 
down  and  the  old  board  reelected,  as  fol- 
lows: G.  B.  Crowe,  H.  W.  Davis,  E.  W. 
Rucker,  H.  J.  Falls,  J.  W.  Miller,  J.  W. 
Whatley  and  J.  L.  Davidson.  The  board 
elected  Dr.  G.  B.  Crowe,  president,  H.  C. 
Falls,  vice-president  and  treasurer;  James 
L.  Davidson,  secretary. 

Jefferson  County 
Alabama  Consolidated-^The  new  coal 
tipple  at  Etowah,  to  replace  the  old  one 
lately  burned,  is  nearly  completed.  The 
new  iron  ore  washer  and  concentrator  is 
now  ready  for  use. 


seam  of  quartz  was  followed  north  of  the 
shaft  and  opened  into  an  orebody  on  the 
1950  level  in  the  Mayflower  ground. 

Alpine— The  company  has  bought  the 
Alpine  mine  at  Plymouth,  adjoining  the 
Plymouth  Consolidated.  John  L.  Henry 
is  superintendent. 

Calaveras  County 

Table    Mountain     Consolidated  —  This 

company  will  work  extensively  a  portion 

of  the   gravel  channel  a   few  miles  west 

of   Columbia,   near   Parrotts  ferry.     The 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 
Peacock— A.    H.    Anderson,    secretary, 
has   raised    funds   in   the    East    for  con- 
tinuing development.     The  property  is  in 
the  Johnson  camp. 

Pima  County 
Southern  Nevada— Th\s  smelting  com- 
pany, represented  by  H.  J.  Thompson,  an- 
nounces that  money  has  been  provided 
for  the  erection  of  a  30-ton  smelting 
plant  near  Tucson. 

Pinal  County 
Ray  Consolidated— The  company  is 
sinking  a  second  operating  shaft  on  the 
west  end  of  its  territory  which  it  is 
planned  to  have  connect  on  the  second 
level  with  No.  1  shaft.  This  connection 
will  give  a  drift  one  mile  long  and  it 
will  be  in  under  or  over  ore  for  its  en- 
tire distance.  The  new  mill  is  approach- 
ing completion,  the  steel  work  being 
nearly  all  up,  and  it  is  now  believed  that 
Ray  will  enter  the  producing  ranks  before 
1911. 

Yavapai  County 
Arizona  Mines  Company— Th'ts  com- 
pany is  being  financed  in  Boston.  The 
property  consists  of  144  acres  in  the 
Castle  Creek  district,  and  1000  ft.  of 
openings  have  been  made.  David  E.  Dow 
is  president. 


California 

Amador  County 

Forty-Nine  Flat — After  several  years 
tunnel  work,  A.  L.  Reale  and  partner  have 
struck  gravel  in  the  channel  near  Upper 
Rancheria. 

Bunker  H/H-An  important  strike  has 
been  made  in  this  mine  at  Amador  City, 
E.    H.    Harrington,    superintendent.      A 


channel  is  under  Table  mountain  and  the 
gravel  was  tapped  by  incline  at  the  depth 
of  150  ft.  J.  B.  Allen  is  manager.  New 
machinery  has  been  installed. 

Oriel— This  mine  in  Mokelumne  river 
district,  owner  by  Henry  Schrag  and  John 
Casey,  of  Andreas,  has  been  placed 
under  bond  and  operations  will  be  com- 
menced. 

Eldorado 
Montezuma — New  machinery  has  been 
installed  at  this  mine  at  Nashville,  F.  H. 
Nettleton  superintendent.    Deeper  sinking 
will  be  done  and  new  levels  opened. 

Roundout — A  company  called  the  Liv- 
ingstone Gold  Mining  Company  has  been 
organized  to  work  this  mine  at  Smith  flat 
a  few  miles  from  Placerville.  H.  G.  Fair- 
child,  who  owns  the  gravel  ground,  is  one 
of  the  directors. 

Sherman  — "XhXs  mine  at  Placervi'"^ 
keeps  10  stamps  busy  from  the  300  to  600 
levels.     George  Clark  is  superintendent. 

Landecker — Extensive  machinery  is  o-'- 
ing  placed  on  this  gravel  mine  three 
miles  from  Placerville.  H.  C.  Plummer 
superintendent. 

Eldorado  Water  and  Deep  Gravel— ThXs 
company.  A.  Baring  Gould,  manager,  is 
opening  the  Excelsior  gravel  mine  in 
Placerville  district  and  also  the  Pacific- 
Maryland  quartz  mine. 

Inyo  County 
At  Oasis  camp  the  Copper  Queen  mine 
is  showing  \n>  some  high-grade  copper 
ore,  and  free  milling  gold  ore  overlooked 
by  the  old  prospectors  has  also  been 
found.  The  Schwab  properties  .south  of 
this  group  contain  wide  veins  of  good 
copper  ore  and  are  bping  developed. 

Silver  Bell—C.  B.  Burr  has  taken 
charge  of  this  mine  in  Ubehebe  district 
for  the  Monterey  Gold  Company  and  ■^ 
long  tunnel  has  been  commenced. 

Monster— A  wagon  road  is  being  built 
to  this  mine  from  Citrus,  and  the  mine 
will  be  worked  again. 

Lost  Frenchman— Joseph  Ward  Of  Big 


Pine  claims  that  he  has  found  this  much 
sought  for  mine  in  the  southwest  end  of 
Deep  Spring  valley  and  is  taking  out 
high-grade  ore. 

Shasta  County 
Milkmaid — D.  O.  Lindbloom,  who  has 
had  this  mine  at  French  gulch  under  bond 
for  nine  months,  has  given  up  his  bond 
and  the  Western  Exploration  Company 
has  again  taken  possession  and  will  con- 
tinue to  develop. 

Afterthought— After  being  closed  for 
two  years  this  property  at  Ingot  will  be 
operated.  Ore  has  been  found  on  ths 
300  level. 

Mammoth — Since  the  installation  of  the 
baghouse  July  1,  the  company  has  been 
running  but  two  furnaces,  but  now  an- 
other furnace  will  be  run.  The  fumes 
are  hereafter  to  be  forced  through  the 
bags  and  cooling  pipes  at  a  lower  rate  of 
speed,  and  additional  draft  will  secure 
better  ventilation,  so  there  will  be  less 
heat  on  the  bags. 

Siskiyou  County 
Lucky  Strike— At  this  property,  Etna 
Mills,  the  finding  of  a  new  oreshoot  at  the 
surface  has  caused  temporary  suspension 
of  work  on  the  new  shaft  and  the  new 
find  is  being  opened. 

Tehama  County 
In   the   vicinity   of   Tom    Head    copper 
mine,  a  discovery  of  lead   ore  has  been 
made  and  work  has  been  started  upon  it. 
Trinity  County 
The  assessment  rolls  show  that  there 
are  1846  mining  claims  and  584  miles  of 
mining   ditches   in  the   county. 

Trinity— Th\s  company  at  Carrville, 
David  Goodale,  manager,  will  soon  have 
its  200-ton  cyanide  plant  in  operation. 
A  power  plant  and  flume  are  under  con- 
struction. 

Tuolumne  County 
Lack    of    water    has    compelled    the 
Tuolumne  Power  Company  to  discontinue 
power    to    a    number    of    mines    in    the 
county. 

Fair  Oaks — At  this  mine,  near  Confi- 
dence, James  McMahon,  manager,  de- 
velopment work  is  going  on  and  the  mill 
has  been  started. 


Colorado 

Clear  Creek  County 
Metropolitan— Th\s  tunnel  company  will 
drive  a  drainage  and  development  tunnel 
from  near  the  junction  of  Trail  and  Clear 
creeks  to  the  property,  a  distance  of  40O0 
ft.  Machine  drills  and  compressed  air 
from   the    Hoosac   plant    will    be    used. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


529 


Amos  R.  Christ,  of  Philadelphia,  is  presi- 
dent. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Dan  McDonald — This  mine,  lying  be- 
tween Guyot  hill  and  Beacon  hill,  under 
lease  to  Joseph  Brentlinger,  is  said  to 
have  a  discovery  of  2  ft.  of  pay  ore  at  25 
ft.  below  the  surface. 

Chicken  Hawk — This  mine,  also  on 
Guyot  hill,  and  operated  by  the  Columbia 
Mining  and  Development  Company,  is 
mining  pay  ore  at  the  700  level.  Guyot 
hill  lies  between  Beacon  and  Raven  hills, 
two  of  the  richest  in  the  district,  and  is 
now  being  actively  explored. 

El  Paso-Gold  King — This  mine,  in  Pov- 
erty gulch,  leased  by  Owen  Roberts,  is 
producing  about  800  tons  per  month  of 
S 1 5  to  S20  ore. 

American  Eagles — From  this  mine, 
which  is  owned  by  the  Stratton  Estate,  14 
cars  of  gold  ore  were  shipped  in  July,  of 
an  average  value  of  S50  per  ton.  Augutt 
output  will  be  larger  and  higher  grade 
The  property  is  leased  to  the  Colorado 
Mines  Investment  Company. 

Doctor-Jack  Pot — From  this  mine  on 
Raven  hill,  Whitford  &  Co.,  lessees,  sent 
out  a  100-ton  shipment  this  week,  of  an 
average  content  of  $40  per  ton. 

Stratton's  Independence —  The  cabled 
July  results:  Production,  1470  tons,  av- 
eraging 26  dwt.  6  grains  per  ton.  Dump- 
ore  milled,  8100  tons.  Net  working  profit 
a»  both  mine  and  mill  departments,  Sll,- 
310,  less  special  development,  $1580. 

San  Juan  District 
Barstow — This  property,  in  the  Red 
Mountain  district,  under  the  management 
of  C.  R.  Wilfley,  of  Denver,  is  being 
worked  again,  and  the  main  developmtnt 
tunnel  is  to  be  driven  2000  ft.  into  the 
mountain,  for  the  purpose  of  reaching  the 
rich  shoots  of  gold  ore  which  were 
worked  nearer  the  surface  some  years 
ago. 


Illinois 

Several  of  the  mines  in  the  Pioneer 
district  have  signed  the  scale  demanded 
by  the  miners  and  have  gone  to  work. 
These  include  mines  at  East  Peoria  and 
Auburn.  The  Ubben  mine  in  the  Pekin 
district  has  also  accepted  the  scale  and 
goes  to  work  this  week.  This  is  the  only 
mine  in  'he  Pekin  district  that  has  come 
to  terms. 

East  Side  Coal  Company — The  new 
shaft  at  Edwardsville,  in  Madison  county, 
has  struck  a  7- ft.  coal  bed  at  140  ft.  This 
is  the  third  shaft  to  reach  coal  near 
Edwardsville. 

Indiana 
Clay  County 
Local  coal   miners  are   complaining  of 
the  striking  Illinois  miners,  who  are  com- 
ing into   this   territory   in   great   numbers 


and  trying  to  get  places  in  the  mines. 
They  declare  that  thousands  of  the  men 
the  Indiana  miners  are  supporting  with  .-^1 
a  week  assessments  are  trying  to  make  it 
impossible  to  pay  these  assessments.  In 
reply  the  miners  from  Illinois  say  that 
by  coming  into  this  field  and  going  to 
work  they  are  reducing  the  number  of 
families  in  Illinois  requiring  support. 

Daviess  County 
A  gas  explosion  occurred  in  the  Kelley 
&  Walker  coal  mine,  two  miles  south  of 
Washington.  Aug.  30,  badly  damaging  the 
mine  and  injuring  the  foreman.  The 
mine  had  been  closed  for  a  few  days, 
undergoing  repairs,  and  it  was  intended 
to  reopen  it  next  day.  The  foreman  went 
to  the  mine  in  the  morning  for  the  pur- 
pose of  starting  the  pumps.  With  a  min- 
er's lamp  he  went  near  the  air-shaft.  An 
explosion  occurred,  carrying  away  the 
supports,  causing  a  heavy  fall  of  earth 
and  wrecking  the  air  shaft  and  injuring 
the  foreman  seriously.  Little  trouble  had 
been  experienced  from  gas  and  this  fact 
made  the  foreman  careless. 

Gibson  County 
The  miners  and  operators  in  this  county 
have  been  notified  that  an  expert  from  the 
Urbana  (III.)  mine  rescue  station  will 
visit  mines  to  give  demonstrations  on  the 
new  methods  of  mine  rescue  work,  be- 
ginning Sept.  8.  Similar  instructions  will 
be  given  at  the  mines  in  other  districts. 

Vigo  County 

While  there  was  an  advance  of  15c.  on 
slack  and  25c.  on  block  coal  at  the  mines 
in  this  district  Sept.  1,  the  future  prices 
are  uncertain,  since  the  operators  are 
daily  expecting  a  settlement  in  the  Illi- 
nois field.  No  orders  were  received  from 
Chicago  for  some  days. 


Michigan 
Copper 

Franklin — No.  I  shaft  on  the  Pewabic 
lode  is  sinking  below  the  30th  level  and 
a  crosscut  is  being  driven  from  that 
level.  Drifts  from  the  upper  levels  are 
being  extended  in  both  directions  and  are 
showing  a  good  commercial  grade  of  rock. 
No.  3  shaft  is  bottomed  at  the  Kith  level 
where  sinking  has  been  suspended  owing 
to  the  lack  of  larger  hoisting  facilities. 

Superior — The  north  drift  from  the 
650-ft.  level  of  No.  2  shaft  has  entered 
encouraging  copper  ground;  this  is  the 
most  important  development  in  this  shaft 
which  is  down  750  ft.  No.  I  shaft  con- 
tinues yielding  good  results,  shipping  be- 
tween 300  and  400  tons  of  rock  daily  to 
the  Atlantic  mill. 

South  Lake — No.  4  drill  hole  has  pene- 
trated another  copper-bearing  amygdaloid 
lode  at  1090  feet, 

Indiana — No.  7  drill  hole  is  within  a 
few  feet  of  the  estimated  depth  at  which 
the  Indiana  lode  is  expected  to  be  reached. 


Ahmeek — The  new  Nos.  3  and  4  shafts 
are  down  1050  ft.  and  at  975  ft.  started 
to  curve  to  conform  to  the  pitch  of  the 
formation  which  will  be  reached  at  1250 
ft.  Drill  holes  from  points  in  the  shafts 
found  the  lode  in  place  and  well  min- 
eralized. 

Mohaivk — A  crosscut  is  being  driven  to 
cut  the  lode  at  the  415-ft.  level  of  No.  6 
shaft.  Drifting  is  under  way  from  the 
two  levels  above  with  average  ground 
throughout. 

Iron 

The  United  States  Steel  Corporation 
has  started  the  exploration  of  a  large 
tract  of  mineral-bearing  land  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Clowry,  in  the  western  portion  of 
the  Marquette  range.  Two  diamond  drills 
have  been  put  into  commission  and  they 
will  be  kept  at  work  indefinitely.  A  small 
portion  of  the  area  known  as  the  North 
Champion  mine,  was  opened  on  a  limited 
scale  some  years  ago  by  the  Champion 
Iron  Company,  now  controlled  by  the 
Steel  Corporation,  and  a  few  thousand 
tons  mined. 

The  Cyr  property,  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  Marquette  region,  is  being  pro- 
vided with  railroad  facilities.  The  Cyr 
is  the  latest  Swanzy  district  property,  the 
development  of  which  has  been  started 
by  the  Cleveland  Cliffs  company.  The 
surface  material  is  of  sandy  nature  and 
the  property  is  being  opened  by  means 
of  a  concrete   shaft. 

The  Richinond  mine  in  the  Cascade 
district  of  the  Marquette  range  is  one  of 
the  very  few  Michigan  iron  properties 
operated  on  the  open-pit  plan.  The  pit  is 
more  than  1000  ft.  in  length  and  averages 
40  ft.  in  depth ;  its  greatest  depth  is  tiO 
ft.  Stripping  has  been  in  progress  most 
of  the  year,  but  it  has  now  been  sus- 
pended. 

The  Munro  mine,  a  Menominee  range 
property,  at  Norway,  is  resuming  opera- 
tions after  being  idle  a  number  of  months. 
The  Munro  is  an  open-pit  mine,  on  the 
"milling"   system. 

The  output  of  the  Florence  mine,  the 
largest  property  in  the  Wisconsin  portion 
of  the  Menominee  range,  will  be  in- 
creased to  fill  existing  contracts.  The 
Florence  mine  is  a  property  of  the  In- 
dustrial Securities  Company. 

The  Warner  property  of  Pickands, 
Mather  &  Co..  is  in  commission  after  sev- 
eral weeks'  idleness.  This  property  is 
in  the  Amasa  field  of  the  Menominee 
range.     It  is  still  in  its  exploratory  stage. 

Missouri 
The  Frisco  railway  company  has 
bought  the  land  containing  the  Ruth 
mine  over  which  the  track  runs,  and  is 
filling  the  stopes,  which  are  from  50  to 
100  ft.  high,  with  mine  tailings.  These 
are  being  put  into  the  ground  thro«gh 
large  drill  holes.  The  company  is  *isq 
reinforcing  some  of  the  pillars  with. con- 
crete work.     The  railway  has  been  aban- 


530 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


doned  over  this  mine  for  a  number  of 
months  but  traffic  will  soon  be  resumed. 

Little  Mary— This  mine  at  Neck  City, 
which  has  just  made  its  initial  run,  pro- 
duced 25  tons  of  concentrates  in  one 
shift. 

Oronogo  Circle — This  company  has  de- 
cided on  the  abandonment  of  the  Nos.  1 
and  3  mills  and  will  enlarge  No.  5  mill 
to  about  800  tons  capacity  and  handle  all 
the  ore  over  this  plant.  It  figures  on  a 
large  saving  by  concentrating  the  plants 
into  one  large  one.  It  has  taken  out  its 
three  steam  pumps  and  installed  one 
3-in.  two-stage  turbine  pump,  motor 
driven.  After  drilling  with  a  Keystone 
drill  from  the  236-ft.  level,  the  Calyx 
shot-core  drill  was  tried  from  the  236- 
ft.  level  with  great  success.  A  3'4-in. 
hole  was  put  down  67  ft.  and  all  but  18 
in.  of  the  core  recovered.  Crevices  were 
crossed  successfully.  The  cost  for  the 
first  hole  was  S2.50  per  ft.,  which  will  be 
greatly  reduced  in  the  other  12  holes 
which  will  be  drilled. 


open  levels  on  the  2400  and  the  2800.  A 
short  time  ago  a  winze  was  sunk  200  ft. 
from  the  2200- ft.  level  on  the  vein  and 
good  ore  encounteied. 

Madison  County 
Reality — Fred  Stock  has  begun  suit 
against  this  company  for  approximately 
S3000  and  has  attached  the  property.  The 
company  recently  leased  and  bonded  the 
Bozeman  group  of  gold  claims  from  the 
Elling  estate  and  J.  W.  McKitrick  for 
S25,000  but  has  not  made  any  payments. 


Montana 
Butte  District  , 

Anaconda — At  the  Mountain  View  the 
air  shaft  is  being  raised  from  the  1800- 
ft.  level  to  the  1400- ft.  level  which  will 
take  about  two  months.  On  the  1400-ft. 
level  a  connection  was  recently  made 
with  the  West  Colus?  mine.  About  1000 
tons  is  shipped  daily.  The  Pennsylvania 
mine  is  shipping  about  800  tons  daily, 
which  is  about  75  per  cent,  of  its  average 
shipments  in  March,  1910.  On  the  1800- 
ft.  level  a  raise  is  being  run  to  connect 
with  the  1800-ft.  level  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
a  distance  of  90  ft.,  to  mine  the  ore  given 
to  the  Pennsylvania  a  number  of  years 
ago  by  the  decision  of  the  court.  At  the 
Leonard  the  retimbering  of  the  old  No.  1 
shaft  is  nearly  finished  and  the  output  is 
approximately  75  per  cent,  of  the  normal. 
At  the  Badger  State,  crosscuts  have  been 
run  north  and  south  on  the  1800-ft.  level. 
In  the  north  crosscut  a  connection  was 
made  with  the  north  crosscut  on  the 
1800-ft.  level  of  the  Diamond  mine.  A 
number  of  small  leads  shown  in  the  Dia- 
mond crosscut  have  been  drifted  on  a 
short  distance.  In  the  south  crosscut  a 
lead  was  struck  about  40  ft.  south  of  the 
shaft  and  is  now  being  drifted  upon, 
.^bout  30  railway  cars  are  being  shipped 
monthly. 

Parrot — Unless  there  is  delay  the  suit 
brought  by  Boston  stockholders  for  the 
appointment  of  appraisers  to  value  the 
property,  will  come  up  in  the  district 
court  in  Butte  Sept.  12.  The  stockholders 
object  to  the  sale  of  the  property  to  the 
Anaconda  company  for  90,000  shares  of 
stock,  claiming  that  the  Parrot  is  worth 
more. 

North  Butte — The  shaft  will  be  put 
down  to  2800  ft.  It  is  now  about  2400 
ft.,  while  the  lowest  level  at  the  present 
time   is   2200    ft.      It   is   the    intention    to 


Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 

Jumbo  Extension —  Six  sampling  crews 
and  a  party  of  surveyors  under  the  di- 
rection of  Bryan  K.  Morse,  are  at  work 
on  a  completed  examination  of  the  Vin- 
agorone  and  adjacent  ground.  Similar 
work  on  the  Polverde  and  Diamondfield 
ground  will  follou'.  It  is  announced  that 
active   operations   will   begin   soon.  < 

C.  O.  D. — Several  drifts  and  a  raise 
from  the  400- ft.  level  continue  to  show 
ore  breaking  above  SIO,  and  higher-grade 
rock  IS  expected  at  any  time. 
'  Goldfield  Daisy — Large  stockholders 
are  planning  a  reorganization  of  the  com- 
pany. The  time  allowed  for  the  redemp- 
tion of  the  property,  sold  at  sheriff's  sale 
last  April,  expires  in  October  and  it  is 
hoped  to  straighten  matters  out  before 
that  time. 

Humboldt  County 

Stall  Brothers — This  lease  at  National 
has  recently  been  sold  for  5500,000.  The 
lease  expires  April,  1911.  Both  the  Stall 
brothers  were  recently  injured  in  the 
mine  by  a  cave  ir^,  and  were  badly 
crippled. 

Lincoln   County 

Bamberger-Delamar — The  500-ton  cya- 
nide mill  equipment,  including  motors 
from  five-  to  100-h.p.,  75  tanks,  10  Chilean 
mills.  Gates  crushers,  electric  locomo- 
tives, five  miles  of  rails  and  30  miles  of 
water  pipe,  has  been  sold  by  the  receiver 
to  the  Great  Western  Machinery  Com- 
pany, of   Denver. 

Lyon  County 

Mason  Valley — Jules  La  Barthe,  gen- 
eral manager,  says  that  the  railway  is 
now  graded  to  within  a  half  mile  of  the 
sn-eltery  site,  and  contracts  have  been 
made  for  the  excavating  for  the  smeltery. 
Surveying  has  been  completed  for  the 
tramway  from  the  mine  to  the  raifroad  at 
Mason  City,  a  distance  of  about  one  milj. 
and  construction  will  proceed  with  rapid- 
ity. 

Nye  County 

West  End — A  new  vein  carrying  mill- 
ing ore  has  been  encountered  at  75  ft. 
from  the  main  vein.  The  orebody  has 
been  tapped  at  intervals  for  200  ft.,  show- 
ing  an  8-ft.   shoot. 

Montana  Tnnopah — The  weekly   repoit 


shows  1011  tons  crushed  and  treated  with 
an  average  extraction  of  91  per  cent. 

Tonopah — New  ground  broken  during 
the  week  ended  Aug.  27,  amounted  to 
622'/.  ft.  exclusive  of  stoping.  An  elec- 
tric sinking  pump  will 'be  substituted  for 
the  air  installation  now  in  operation. 

Washoe  County 
Springfield-Nevada — A  lease  and  bond 
on  the  large  acreage  of  the  company  at 
Olinghouse  has  been  taken  by  Huskey  & 
Springer,  of  Reno,  and  the  new  proprie- 
tors plan  extensive  development  through 
sub-leases. 


Ohio 

Wonderland  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany has  removed  its  main  office  from 
Portsmouth  to  Columbus,  O.  It  has  ac- 
quired control  of  the  Pomeroy  Coal  Com- 
pany, with  mines  at  Hobson,  on  the 
Hocking  Valley  railroad. 


Oklahoma  | 

Emma  Gordon — This  company  is  pre- 
paring to  pull  all  the  pillars  in  the  mine 
at  Miami  and  is  building  cribs  or  pens  of 
square  timbers  on  all  sides  of  the  pillars 
before  their  removal  is  attempted.  While 
this  is  very  expensive,  the  value  of  the 
pillars  is  so  great  that  this  method  will 
pay.  The  hight  of  the  cribs  will  be  from 
12  to  18  feet. 

Vinita — In  drilling  at  Vinita,  free  ore 
has  been  struck  at  20  to  35  ft.  The  ore 
is  thin  but  high  grade  and  shows  no 
trace  of  the  bitumen  that  is  in  the  ore  at 
Miami.     Some  iron  is  in  the  ore. 


Pennsylvania 

Anthracite  Coal 
Sterrick  Creek  Colliery — The  new 
breaker,  replacing  the  old  one  recently 
destroyed  by  fire,  is  nearing  completion 
and  will  be  in  operation  by  Nov.  1.  It  is 
near  Scranton  and  has  a  capacity  of 
1700  tons  daily. 

Bituminous  Coal 
Mnnongahela  River  Consolidated  Coal 
and  Coke  Company — The  financial  state- 
ment for  the  nine  months  of  the  fiscal 
year  from  Nov.  1  to  July  31,  shows  earn- 
ings over  working  expenses  of  Sl,475,- 
469.  Coal  royalties  were  $384,108;  de- 
preciation, $307,781;  taxes,  $112,500;  in- 
terest, $3,50,607;  insurance  funds,  $207,- 
876;  total  charges  $1,362,872.  This 
leaves  a  surplus  of  $112,597;  a  decrease 
of  $148,222   from   last  year. 

South  Dakota 

Gild  Edge  Maid- -This  company,  at 
Dcadwood,  will  have  the  mill  repaired 
by  Sept.  15.  The  capacity  will  be  2.S0 
tons  daily.    J.  S.  Ford  is  manager. 

Magpie — A  Pittsburg  company  is  figur- 
ing on  starting  dredging  operations  on 
this  placer  property  on  Rapid  creek. 


September  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


531 


Utah 

Juab  County 

Beck  Tunnel— li  is  reported  that  this 
property  now  closed  will  soon  be  operated 
by  leasers. 

May  Day — Arrangements  are  being 
made  to  resume  development  on  coinpanv 
account.  There  are  1 1  sets  of  leasers,  all 
of  which  have  ore.  Those  on  or  near  the 
1000-ft.  level  have  such  a  good  showing 
that  the  company  will  start  work  on  the 
1100  east  of  the  shaft  to  catch  the  ore 
at  this  level.  About  200  ft.  of  drifting 
will  be  necessary  to  reach  the  point  where 
it  is  looked  for.  Between  2',  and  3  f. 
of  good  ore  was  opened  above.  The  com- 
pany has  not  been  doing  any  underground 
work  recently,  but  is  milling  some  of  the 
large  dumps,  and  shipping  from  two  to 
three  cars  of  concentrates  a  month. 

Carisa — No  work  is  being  done  by  the 
company,  but  several  sets  of  leasers  are 
making  shipments. 

Mammoth— Ore  has  been  followed  to 
the  2260-ft.  level. 

Victoria — Good  progress  is  being  made 
in  sinking  the  shaft,  which  is  done  under 
contract.  The  700-ft.  level  has  been 
reached. 

Opex — The  company  is  trying  to  find 
whether  or  not  the  orebody  encountered 
by  drilling  in  Centennial-Eureka  territory 
enters  the  Opex  lines.  It  is  thought  that 
the  ore  may  make  out  into  the  limestone 
bedding  south  of  the  main  break. 

Chief  Consolidated — The  drift  south  on 
the  1400-ft.  level  has  cut  10  ft.  of  silici- 
ous  ore  carrying  gold  and  silver.  In 
Eureka  City  ground  600  ft.  north  of  this 
discovery  a  new  oreshoot  was  recenly 
opened  in  a  raise  50  ft.  above  the  1400. 
This  ore  is  of  the  same  character.  Work 
has  been  somewhat  restricted  by  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  hoisting  equipment,  and 
operations  have  been  reduced  to  two 
shifts.  Shipments  up  to  date  are  118  car 
lots,  the  returns  from  which  have  prac- 
tically met  expenses. 

Yankee — The  shaft  broke  into  a  large 
cave  at  about  950  ft.  The  cave  is  300  ft. 
long,  and  varies  from  25  to  35  ft.  in 
hight  and  width.  Sinking  will  be  con- 
tinued.    No  ore  was  found  here. 

Eagle  &  Blue  BW/— The  installation  of 
the  new  hoist  has  been  completed.  It 
was  given  a  tryout  Aug.  27,  and  found  fn 
be  in  good  working  order.  Work  in  sink- 
ing the  shaft  will  be  pushed.  The  raise 
from  the  100-ft.  level  is  up  180  ft.,  and 
40  ft.  of  this  is  in  low-grade  ore. 

Utah  Consolidated'  -A  cave  was  broken 
into  recently  in  driving  the  new  tunnel. 
It  is  15  ft.  or  more  deep,  but  the  lateral 
extent  is  not  known. 

Gold  Chain — The  compressor  plan' 
which  is  to  be  used  jointly  with  the  Opo- 
hongo  is  being  installed  on  the  site  of  the 
Sioux  mill  at  Robinson.  Two  250-h.p. 
boilers  that  belonged  to  the  mill  will  be 


used.  Air  will  be  furnished  for  15  drills. 
Work  is  being  done  on  the  100-,  300-  and 
400- ft.  levels,  and  some  ore  running  be- 
tween .S30  and  S35  is  being  mined. 


Salt  Lake  County 
Utah  Copper  —A  part  of  the  Copperton 
mill  equipment  will  be  installed  in  the 
Arthur  plant  at  Garfield.  Work  of  re- 
n-.odeling  this  mill  will  be  started  soon. 
The  Boston  Consolidated  company  is  now 
liquidated.  Production  for  .July  is  reported 
as  8,677,8)1   pounds. 

Bingham  Mines — On  account  of  the 
closing  of  the  Yampa,  this  company  has 
iTiade  a  new  contract,  by  which  copper 
ores  from  the  Commercial  and  Dalton  & 
Lark  mines  will  be  shipped  to  Garfield, 
and  the  lead-silver  ores  from  the  latter 
mine  will  be  sent  to  Murray. 

Samson— At  a  stockholders'  meeting 
July  1,  it  was  decided  to  put  the  companv 
out  of  existence.  Most  of  the  stock  is 
owned  by  the  Bingham  Mines  Company, 
and  the-  property  will  be  absorbed  by  the 
latter. 

Utah  /.easing— Excavating  for  the  new 
cyanide  plant  was  started  Aug.  29. 

Silver  S/iiVW— According  to  a  state- 
ment by  Manager  Josephs,  the  recent  as- 
sessment of  \'Ac.  a  share  was  necessarv 
in  order  to  reduce  the  company  indebted- 
ness, as  demanded  by  the  bank,  and  to 
continue  development. 

Ohio  Copper— "^'ord  has  been  received 
at  the  local  offices  to  proceed  with  the 
plans  for  completing  the  mill.  Specifica- 
tions for  new  machinery  have  been  sent 

East. 

Baby  Afcifce— Control  of  this  property 
in  Big  Cottonwood,  which  was  held  bv 
Chicago  interests  has  been  taken  over  by 
Congressman  Joseph  Howell  and  his  son. 
Columbus  Consolidated— fiev.'  ore  is 
reported  on  the  300-  and  400- ft.  levels. 

South  Columbus— A  strong  opposition 
to  the  merger  with  the  Alta-Hecla  com- 
pany is  being  framed,  and  there  is  doubt 
01  the  consolidation  being  effected  at  the 
special  meeting  Sept.  5. 

Columbus  Extension— A  10-ft.  face  of 
ore  is  reported  in  the  workings  on  the 
main  tunnel-level.  This  was  exposed  after 
the  heavy  fiow  of  water  recently  en- 
countered had  ceased.  The  ore  carries 
silver  and  copper. 

Summit  County 
American  Flag — Colorado  interests  are 
negotiating  for  a  lease  and  purchase  of  a 
block  of  treasury  stock.  F.  V.  Bodfish,  of 
Cripple  Creek  is  examining  the  property. 
Daly-Judge — No  trouble  has  been  ex- 
perienced in  keeping  the  1600-ft.  level 
free  from  water,  and  cleaning  up  and  de- 
velopment is  under  way.  About  1000  ft. 
of  work  was  done  on  this  level  before  it 
became  inaccessible.  The  drift  along  the 
big  fissure  is  caved.  The  present  work 
is  in  the  Ontario  quartzite. 


Daly  West— The  company  is  einploying 
150  men  underground,  and  80  in  the  mill. 

Silver  King  Coalition  —  The  electric 
haulage  system  on  the  1300-ft.  level  is 
being  installed.  A  new  find  of  ore 
tween  the  1200  and  1300  levels  is 
ported. 


be- 
re- 


Wyoming 
In  the  Sundance  district.  Crook  county, 
the  Bear  Lodge  company,  L.  R.  Davis  in 
charge,  is  sinking  150  ft.  deep  and  will 
install  a  hoist.  The  Warren  Peak  com- 
pany is  driving  a  tunnel,  the  Reuter  com- 
pany is  making  cyanide  tests  of  its  ore, 
and  will  install  a  compressor  and  drive  a 
tunnel.  In  the  western  part  of  the  dis- 
trict John  Belshe  is  driving  a  300-ft.  tunnel 
and  Thomas  Whitman  is  sinking.  The 
Copper  Prince  has  opened  a  copper  vein 
with  gold.  The  ores  of  the  district  are 
chiefly  gold  bearing. 


Canada 

Alberta 
Durham  Collieries,  Ltd.— This  company 
controls  6700  acres  of  coal  lands  36 
miles  north  of  Lethbridge.  The  stock  is 
owned  chiefly  by  people  in  Spokane  and 
Colfax.  Wash.  It  is  announced  that 
arrrangements  have  been  made  for  money 
to  open  mines,  and  that  work  will  be 
begun   soon. 

Ontario 
Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Aug.  26  were  as  follows:  Buffalo. 
59,240  lb.;  City  of  Cobalt,  60,140;  Cobalt 
Townsite,  66,000;  Crown  Reserve,  181,- 
090;  Kerr  Lake,  480,000;  La  Rose,  170,- 
320;  McKinley-Darragh,  180,260;  Nipis- 
sing,  445,340;  Right  of  Way,  111,420; 
Temiskaming,  120,000;  total,  1,873,810 
pounds. 

Ophir — A  new  vein  struck  at  the  285- 
ft.  level  of  this  Cobalt  property  in  put- 
ting down  the  main  shaft  to  300  ft.  shows 
a  width  of  12  in.  It  is  niccolite  carrying 
ruby  silver  and  argentite. 

Creen-Meehan — This  Cobalt  mine  which 
has  been  closed  for  some  tiine  has  been 
leased  for  five  years  to  E.  C.  Kingswell, 
of  Ottawa,  and  associates  and  it  is  under- 
stood that  a  large  force  will  be  put  at 
work  at  once.  The  lessees  agree  to  ex- 
pend  $30,000   in  developing. 

Black  Mines  Consolidated — At  a  meet- 
ing of  shareholders  in  Montreal,  Aug.  30, 
it  was  resolved  to  authorize  the  directors 
to  pledge  the  assets  of  this  Cobalt  com- 
panv as  security  for  a  loan  of  .S25,000 
needed  to  continue  work. 

Beaver — Two  good  discoveries  have  re- 
cently been  made  at  this  Cobalt  mine. 
An  oreshoot  on  the  200- ft.  level,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  worked  out,  has 
widened  to  14  in.  high-grade  ore,  running 
about  .5000  oz.  to  the  ton.  A  raise  is 
being  put  on  the  shoot.  On  the  300-ft. 
level  another  rich  oreshoot,  3  in.  wide, 
has  been  encountered. 


532 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


Temiskaming — A  nugget  of  almost  pure 
silver  weighing  1200  lb.  was  taken  from 
below  the  400-ft.  level.  This  property 
has  been  making  exceptional  progress  the 
last  six  months. 

Ophir — A  12-in.  vein  carrying  silver 
has  been  cut  at  the  285- ft.  level.  This 
property  is  in  the  same  formation  as  the 
Temiskaming  and  is  close  to  it. 

Beaver— Tv.-o  new  high-grade  veins 
have  been  discovered  on  the  200-  and 
300- ft.  levels  respectively.  A  shipment 
will  shortly  be  made. 

Crown  Reserve — Recent  developments 
show  conditions  much  improved  at  this 
mine.  The  drift  on  the  Victoria  vein  has 
run  through  a  few  fett  of  poor  ore  and 
is  again  working  in  high-grade  ore.  The 
latest  find  down  the  lake  is  showing  up 
exceptionally  well. 

Buffalo—The  mill  report  for  July 
shows  that  3398  tons  averaging  33.)4  oz. 
were  treated,  and  that  88,078  oz.  were 
recovered.  Milling  expenses  amounted  'o 
S3945. 

O'Connor— These  silver  mines,  near 
Latchford,  will  install  a  plant. 

Hylands — A  two-stamp  mill  is  to  be 
■  ordered  for  this  property  at  Porcupine. 

Crown  Gas  and  Oil  Company.  Limited 
— This  Ottawa  company  has  just  com- 
pleted a  big  sale  of  leases  of  oil  lands 
in  western  Ontario,  covering  about  10,- 
000  acres,  to  the  Standard  Oil  Company, 
of  Canada,  an  English  corporation,  for 
?400,000  in  cash  and  shares.  The  latter 
company  has  made  plans  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  properties  on  an  extensive 
scale,  including  the  sinking  of  ten  wells. 

Mexico 
Chihuahua 

P/omosas— The  remodeled  concentra- 
tion plant  at  this  zinc  mine  has  been  put 
in  commission  by  the  new  owners,  Com- 
pania  Minera  las  Plomosas,  a  French- 
Mexican  company,  of  which  C.  Clerc  is 
active  manager.  The  property  is  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  State  in  the  Picachos 
district. 

Urique — The  Urique  Mining  and  Smelt- 
ing Company  has  been  organized  at  El 
Paso  for  the  acquisition  and  operation 
of  several  old  mines  in  the  Urique  sec- 
tion, western  Chihuahua. 

Rio  Plata — The  July  bullion  production 
was  82,000  oz.,  the  largest  monthly  pro- 
duction to  date.  An  August  bullion  ship- 
ment consisted  of  !S2  bars  silver  of  value 
of  52,000  pesos. 

Refugio  This  Parral  property  has 
passed  into  the  hands  of  J.  F.  MoPfett  and 
pssociates,  of  Boston,  who  are  planning 
on  Immediately  putting  the  property  on 
production  list.  The  deeper  levels  will 
be  unwatered  and  the  old  mill  will  either 
be  partly  or  entirely  dismantled  to  make 
way  for  another  reduction  plant.  The 
manager  Is  James  E.   Hislop. 


Virgen. — This  gold  property,  owned  by 
Luis  Terrazas.  Jr.,  of  Chihuahua,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  State  will  be  shortly 
equipped  with  a  small  amalgamation  and 
cyanide  plant  will  be  added  later.  R. 
Perez  is  in  charge. 

Rio  Tinto — Owing  to  delay  in  receipt 
of  machinery  this  company's  remodeJled 
and  enlarged  smeltery,  at  Terrazas,  will 
not  be  ready  for  blowing  until  October. 
A  second  furnace  and  converters  have 
been  added.  R.  B.  Hutchinson  is  the  man- 
ager. 

Calabacillas — This  old  gold-silver  mine 
in  the  extreme  western  part  of  the  State 
and  accessible  from  El  Fuerte,  Sinaloa, 
has  lately  been  acquired  by  Americans 
who  will  carry  on  extensive  operations, 
including  the  building  of  a  large  cyanide 
plant. 

Palmilla — The  first  250-ton  unit  of  this 
cyanide  plant  at  Parral  will  be  in  readi- 
ness for  operation  early  in  October  and 
work  on  the  second  unit  of  like  capacity 
will  be  started  shortly  after.  James  I. 
Long  is  the  president  and  manager. 

Concheno — Cyaniding  operations  were 
lately  resumed  at  this  property  in  the 
Ocampo  section.  Tailings  as  well  as 
mine  ore  are  being  treated. 

Exploration  Company  of  London  & 
Mexico — In  addition  to  acquiring  the 
Buena  Tierra  mine  in  the  Santa  Eulalia 
camp  and  the  Frincessa  property  in  the 
Cusihuiriachic  camp,  this  company  is 
making  examinations  of  a  number  of 
properties  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State.  The  consulting  engineer.  R.  W. 
Raymond,  is  spending  considerable  time 
in  the  State  and  recently  visited  gold 
properties  in  the  Dolores  camp.  The  res- 
ident engineer,  L.  Maurice  Cockerell  is 
also  in  the  field  with  a  corps  of  assistants. 

Boston-Mexican  Development  Company 
— D.  C.  Sutton,  manager  of  this  company, 
reports  good  progress  at  the  several 
properties  in  the  Sabinal  camp.  Addition- 
al machinery  is  planned. 

Encinillas — It  is  again  reported  that 
the  company  will  enlarge  its  Santa  Ros- 
alia smeltery  and  resume.  J.  L.  St. 
Dizier,  the  manager,  has  lately  returned 
from  Paris  in  consultation  with  the 
French  stockholders. 

Mexico  Consolidated  —  The  company 
will  not  be  reorganized,  but  will  issv.e 
S350,000  of  notes  to  pay  off  its  Hoating 
debt  and  provide  $50,000  working  capital. 
The  company  has  run  out  of  its  high- 
grade  ore  and  is  now  a  milling  proposi- 
tion, but  needs  development. 

Alvarado  Consolidated — It  is  probable 
the  company  will  be  consolidated  with  the 
Palmilla  Milling  Company. 

DtJRANCO 

Durango-Canadian  Tin  Company — 
This  company  has  been  organized  in 
British    Columbia,   capital   $2,000,000   to 


operate  a  tin  concession  in  Durango.  Roy 
Smith,  of  Bisbee,  Ariz.,  is  manager. 

Guanajuato 

San  Cayetano — Between  400  and  500 
men  are  on  the  work  at  San  Cayetano, 
where  the  unwatering  of  the  famous 
Mexamora  property  was  accomplished 
some  months  ago.  Large  gangs  are 
busily  engaged  in  developing  there  and 
in  timbering  both  there  and  in  the  Puer- 
tecito  properties.  F.  H.  Clark  is  man- 
ager. 

Santa  Natalia — The  mill  has  installed 
a  semi-continuous  slime  treatment  that  is 
giving  high  etraction  on  Guanajuato  ore. 
Ore  is  being  bought,  but  the  main  supply 
of  30  tons  per  day  is  being  obtained  from 
the  Santa  Natalia  mine.  The  mill  is  in 
charge  of  Cooper  Shapley. 

Guanajuato  Consolidated — The  quarter- 
ly returns  and  working  charges  for  May, 
June  and  July  are:  Mill  ran  86'j  days; 
ore  crushed,  23,145  tons;  concentrates 
shipped,  435  tons;  bullion,  174,918  pesos; 
concentrates,  127,278  pesos;  total  gross 
value,  302,197  pesos;  working  expenses, 
including  marketing  of  bullion,  concen- 
trates, treatment,  etc.,  224,951  pesos; 
profit,  77,246  pesos;  expended  on  de- 
velopment, out  of  profit,  42,659  pesos; 
development  work,  1 139  ft.  During  the 
three  months  1139  ft.  of  development 
was  done,  one-half  was  driven  on  the 
ninth  and  10th  levels,  the  San  Francisco 
orebody  has  been  drifted  on  103  ft.,  in 
good  milling  ore;  but  only  one  cross- 
cut has  been  driven  to  determine  its 
full  width.  In  this  the  ore  formation  is 
75  ft.  wide,  and  averages  about  15  pesos 
per  ton.  The  crosscut  from  the  main 
1 0th  level  reached  the  San  Francisco 
orebody  about  June  1,  and  at  the  point 
of  intersection  drifts  north  and  south 
were  started,  which  have  exposed  138 
ft.  of  15  pesos  ore.  No  crosscutting  has 
been  done  to  determine  the  width.  Joseph 
MacDonald  is  general  manager. 

Guerrero 

Rosario — A  British  company  known  as 
the  Taxco  Mines  of  Mexico,  Ltd.  T.  R. 
Marshall  at  the  head  has  acquired  this 
group  at  Taxco  and  will  develop  and  ex- 
plore. 

Ccdral-Laguela — A  Boston  Company 
has  been  formed  to  operate  these  Taxco 
mines.  The  company  has  a  capital  of 
SI, 250.000,  Eugene  M.  Foss  is  president. 
A  500-ton  mill  is  planned. 

Mexico 

El  Buen  Dispacho — Pichon,  Durand 
&  Co.  of  Paris,  have  an  option  on  this 
El  Oro  property  and  will  sink  a  new 
shaft. 

San  Luis  Potosi 

A  "gusher"  was  brought  in  at  2300  ft. 
at  Ehano  oilfields  Aug.  14  by  the 
Huasteca  Petroleum  Company.  The  flo'V 
is  about  10,000  btl.  daily. 


September  10.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


533 


J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


tiew     York,     Sept.     7— In     the     East 
trade  has  been  quiet,  both  anthracite  and 
bituminous.   The   only   feature   is  the   de- 
velopment of  a  car  shortage,  which  may 
become  serious  later. 
I         In  the  West  interest  still  centers  on  the 
'     strike  situation,  notes  on  which  are  given 
below.    The  week  has  been  an  interesting 
cne,  since  it  may  fairly  be  said  that  more 
progress  has  been   made    toward    settle- 
ment of  the  disputes   in   Illinois  and  the 
Southwest  than  in  two  months  previously. 
'     That    the    end    of   both    troubles    is    now 
fairly  in  sight  seems  to  be  a  safe  predic- 
tion today. 

Western  Strike  Conditions — The  op- 
erators in  the  Irwin  district  in  Pennsyl- 
vania have  attempted  to  force  a  settle- 
ment of  the  protracted  strike  there  by 
causing  the  arrest  of  a  number  of  the 
leaders  on  charges  of  conspiracy  and  in- 
citing to  riot  and  destruction  of  prop- 
erty. The  trial  of  these  cases  will  involve 
some  important  disputed  legal  points. 
The  underlying  cause  of  this  strike  was 
the  refusal  of  the  operators  to  recognize 
the  union. 

In  the  Southwestern  district  a  new 
proposition  made  by  the  operators  was 
submitted  to  a  convention  of  the  miners' 
representatives  held  at  Pittsburg,  Kan. 
The  operators  are  now  willing  to  grant 
the  increase  in  wages  demanded  by  the 
Cincinnati  convention.  In  return,  how- 
ever, the  operators  demand  that  the  men 
shall  permit  the  insertion  in  the  contract 
of  a  clause  that  will  call  for  the  con- 
tinuation of  work  pending  the  negotia- 
tion of  a  wage  scale,  and  clauses  pro- 
viding for  the  penalizing  of  the  miners 
for  a  breach  of  contract,  and  also  for 
the  selection  of  an  umpire  to  settle  dis- 
putes. The  compromise  was  accepted, 
and  work  will  be  resumed  at  once. 

In  Illinois  a  conference,  which  it  is 
hoped  will  be  final,  is  now  in  session  at 
Chicago.  Miners  and  operators  alike  are 
tired  of  the  strike,  and  a  compromise 
will  probably  be  arranged. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
Coal  shipments  down   Great   Kanawha 
river  in  West  Virginia,  six  months  ended 
June  30,  were  775,736  tons  in   1909.  and 
735,800  in  1910;  decrease,  39,936  tons. 

Anthracite-coal  tonnage  of  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railroad,  six  months  ended  June  30, 
was  418,924  tons  in  1909.  and  453,816  in 
1910;   increase,  34,892  tons. 

Coal  receipts  at  St.  Louis,  six  months 
ended   June   30,    were    3,099,828    short 


tons  in   1909,  and  3.921,551   in   1910;   in- 
crease,  821,277    tons. 

CosI  tonnage  of  Monongahela  River 
Consolidated  Coal  and  Coke  Company, 
nine  months  of  fiscal  year  from  Nov.  1  tj 
July  31,  short  tons: 

1909.  I'.UO.  ChanRes. 

Rlvurciial 3.719.995    3,UiO,lG"     D.       1W.82H 

Rail  coal 7U.70.5     1.87.5.889      1.1,1(11,134 

Tiital 1.4.U,7O0    5,49B,(I0«      I.  l,l)fil,3(«l 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  23.9 
per  cent.,  entirely  in  rail  shipments. 

Coal  shipments  over  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  railway  in  July,  short  tons: 

Com-  Coni- 

Fleld :                 raerclal.  pany.  Total. 

P.i.-n,li..nta8 917,7:18  86.240  1,002,978 

Tuc  Kivor 127.470  38,5.'>1  ICli.lttl 

Tli.Rkxr 1:19.163  50,283  189.446 

Kcuova....- 61.706  12,682  (-4,387 

CUnch  Valley 66,278  4.178  7H,46r, 


Total I,:in2,354        19(l,n:)4       1,493.288 

July  is  the  first  month  of  the  company's 
fiscal  year. 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  of  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  railway,  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1910,  short  tons: 


Coal. 


Coke, 


Total. 


New  River 7,686,064  359,76(1  8,04r.,814 

Kanawba 6,714,298  62,401  «,77r,.7.'.9 

Kentucky   .584,918  228  .58.5,14(1 

Connecting  lines 96,957  45,31)1  142.i58 

467,740  15.549,977 
388.858  12.795,786 


Total 15,082.237 

Total.  1908-9 12.406,928 


Total   increase   for  the  year,  2,754,191 
tons,  or  21.5  per  cent. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Sept.  7 — The  market  shows  a  fair  de- 
gree of  activity,  especially  for  steam 
coals. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes,  S4.75 
for  broken  and  S5  for  egg,  stove  and 
chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
.S2.95r,/3.25;  buckwheat,  .'^2. 1 5 r,/ 2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  S1.65'(i2;  bar- 
ley, .S1.35'(j  l.,50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.   New  York  harbor. 

Bituminous 

There  is  no  material  change  in  trade, 
which  remains  rather  dull,  especially  for 
the  better  grades  of  steam  coal.  All- 
rail  trade,  however,  is  looking  up  a  little. 
Transportation  is  inclined  to  be  slow,  and 
complaints  about  car  supply  are  heard 
on  some  lines.     Prices  are  unchanged. 

In  the  coastwise  trade  vessels  are  to  be 
had  without  trouble  Rates  are  un- 
changed, on  rather  a  low  basis.  Vessel 
owners  are  looking  forward  for  a  better 
demand  toward  the  close  of  the  month. 


Birmingham 

Sept.  5 — Coal  operators  in  Alabama 
continue  active.  Ceal  is  being  shipped 
from  the  Alabama  mines  as  quickly  as 
it  can  be  handled  by  the  railroads.  There 
is  a  little  car  shortage  on  some  lines 
but  this  is  not  extensive.  The  moving 
of  cotton  will  soon  start  in  and  coal  op- 
erators are  apprehensive  that  cars  will 
be  diverted  from  the  coal  trade. 

The  Tennessee  company  is  pushing 
the  work  of  sinking  the  shaft  at  No.  13 
mine,  in  the  western  part  of  the  Birming- 
ham   district. 

Reports  of  extensive  deals  in  coal  lands 
in  this  State  are  current. 


Chicago 

Sept.  5 — The  demand  for  stocks  of  bi- 
tuminous coal  has  been  large  in  the  last 
week,  yet  the  buying  movement  at  ad- 
vancing prices  has  received  a  check  in 
the  newspaper  announcements  that  a  set- 
tlement of  the  labor  troubles  at  Illinois 
mines  is  near.  Even  with  supplies  again 
coming  in  freely  from  those  mines,  how- 
ever, the  deficiency  in  stocks  is  so  great 
that  it  will  be  several  weeks  at  least  be- 
fore a  normal  condition  is  restored  in  the 
trade.  This  is  seen  by  many  dealers  and 
users  of  coal;  consequently,  buying  is 
still  on  a  basis  of  high  prices.  Indian.! 
and  southern  Illinois  lump  brings  S2.50'f; 
2.75,  nin-of-mine  S2.25r</2.50  and  screen- 
ings $2.20^1/  2.40,  in  car  lots.  Eastern  coals 
are  somewhat  quiet  as  a  result  of  the 
September  advances  but  the  d^^mand  is 
expected  to  continue  large  and  steady. 
Anthracite  is  dull  and  is  not  expected  to 
revive  before  the  beginning  of  cold 
weather. 


Cleveland 

Sept.  5 — Lake  trade  is  quiet,  and  com- 
paratively little  coal  is  going  forward. 
Vessels  have  trouble  in  getting  cargoes. 
The  light  Lake  shipments  have  caused  a 
scarcity  of  slack.  Domestic  coal  is  go- 
ing well,  consumers  being  disposed  to 
put  in  stocks  early. 

Middle  district  coal  is  quoted,  f.o.b. 
Cleveland,  at  S2.15  for  I':J-in.,  SI.90  for 
'i-in.  and  SI. 80  for  run-of-mine.  No.  8 
and  Cambridge  districts.  5  to  10c.  higher. 
Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  slack,  premiums 
have  been  paid.  Nominal  quotations  are 
S1.55r<(  1.60,  but  S1.75  and  up  to  S1.90 
have   been   paid. 

Indianapolis 
Sept.  5 — Although  there  is  an  unusual 
demand  for  Indiana  domestic  coal,  due  to 
strike  causes,  there  was  not  the   formal 


534 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


advance  in  price  that  is  made  Sept.  1 
each  year,  because  prices  depend  on 
amounts  bid  for  coal.  A  large  majority 
of  Indiana  operators  have  been  refusing 
orders  for  a  week  at  any  price,  that  they 
may  catch  up  with  orders  on  hand. 

Steam  coal  is  selling  at  S1.60  a  ton, 
an  increase  of  10c.  a  ton  for  a  few  days 
past,  and  the  market  is  strong  at  that 
price,  indicating  t^at  the  price  may  go 
to  $1.70.  The  scarcity  of  river  coal  at 
the  docks  on  the  Ohio  is  another  cause 
stimulating  the  price  of  steam  coal.  A 
large  amount  of  eastern  steam  coal  is 
now  coming  west  and  this  will  likely 
cause  Indiana  coal  to  be  in  less  lemand. 


Pittsburg 

Sept.  6 — Local  demand  for  coal  has 
shown  no  improvement  with  the  close  of 
the  midsummer  period,  but  is  of  as  good 
volume  as  during  August.  Shipments  in 
the  Lake  trade  are  decreasing  slightly, 
owing  to  heavy  supplies  in  the  Northwest. 
The  mines  are  not  running  as  fully,  and 
production  is  more  closely  adjusted  to  re- 
quirements, thus  eliminating  the  extreme 
cutting  which  has  been  done  from  the 
nominal  price;  as  a  rule  the  cutting  does 
not  go  beyond  2'6c.  on  mine-run  and 
lump.  We  quote:  Mine-run  and  nut, 
S1.20ra  1.22K'C.;  M-in.,  $\.30'<i  \.S2'A; 
domestic  l^-in.  lump,  S1.45raT.47}'2 ; 
slack,  75'f(82i_;c.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke — A  merchant  fur- 
nace interest  which  was  in  the  market  for 
about  20,000  tons  for  September  has  com- 
pleted its  purchases,  practically  all  the 
tonnage  being  at  SI. 60.  The  Whitney- 
Kemmerer  Company,  a  middle  interest  in 
Pittsburg,  is  reported  to  have  purchased 
the  full  output  of  the  Dunlap  Connells- 
ville Coke  Company  from  Sept.  1  to  July 
1,  amounting  to  2000  or  3000  tons  month- 
ly. On  the  whole  the  market  has  been 
quiet.  We  continue  to  quote  standard 
grades  of  Connellsville  coke  per  net  ton: 
Prompt  furnace,  S1.60'''(  1.65;  contract 
furnace  (nominal)  S1.75'-'(  1.85;  prompt 
foundry,  S2.10''(/ 2.25;  contract  foundry, 
S2.25IV/ 2.50,  all  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  week  ending  Aug.  27  at  361,913  tons, 
a  decrease  of  4000  tons,  and  shipments  at 
3958  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5335  cars  to  points 
west  and  982  cars  to  points  east,  a  total 
of  10,275  cars. 

St.  Louis 

Sept.  5 — The  market  this  week  re- 
mains practically  the  same  as  it  was  a 
week  ago  today.  The  advancing  tendency 
has  been  checked  by  the  fact  that  the 
Illinois  miners  and  operators  arc  in  ses- 
sion now  at  Chicago  trying  to  patch  up 
the  differences  in  the  Springfield  and 
Carterville  districts.  Buyers  have  conse- 
quently been  holding  off  until  the  ou'- 
come  of  the  conference  is  known  and 
consequently  the  market  has  remained 
stationary.     A  few  operators  in  the  Stand- 


ard district  seem  to  be  a  little  week-kneed 
and  offered  to  sell  coal  for  future  de- 
livery £t  slightly  under  the  market  price; 
however,  about  80  per  cent,  of  the  ton- 
nage of  the  field  has  been  bought  up  for 
the  month  of  September  and  consequent- 
ly such  a  small  portion  of  coal  is  on  the 
market  that  there  is  no  logical  reason 
why  the  price  should  go  off,  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  the  Carterville  district  mav 
resume  operations.  Even  if  the  scale 
should  be  signed  at  once  it  will  take  sev- 
eral weeks  before  the  district  as  a  whole 
will  be  able  to  produce  any  considerable 
tonnage,  and  practically  the  entire 
amount,  with  the  exception  of  .perhaps 
screenings,  would  move  to  the  northwest. 

The  anthracite  market  is  in  unusually 
good  condition.  All  sizes  are  moving 
freely.  There  has  not  been  a  car  up  to 
demurrage  for  over  a  month.  The  de- 
mand for  grate  is  suprising  as  it  is  gener- 
ally a  slow  seller  at  this  time  of  the  year. 
Chestnut  is  scarce,  though  it  seems  to  be 
coming  forward  in  liberal  quantities. 

Current  prices  are  as  follows  for  the 
St.  Louis  market: 


Illinois,  Standard: 

Mine. 

St. 
Louis. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 

2-in.  lump 

Mine-run  . 
.Screenings 

.      S2.0n 
1.85 
1   60 
1.20 

S2 .  52 
2   37 
2.  12 
1-72 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 

3-in.  nut 

2.50 
2.00 

3.02 
2.52 

Staunton  or  ilt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 

2-in.  nut  .  .  . 

.Mine-nm 

.Screenings 

2   00 
1    60 
1    65 
1  .50 

9    .^'> 

2    12 
2.  17 
2.02 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egs 

3-in.  nut 
iline-nui 
Screenings 

2  on 

2.00 
1    60 
1  .  25 

2.67 
2   67 
2   07 
1.92 

Pocahonta,s  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 

.Mine-run 

1  .  90 
1  .  55 

4,40 
4 .  00 

Pennsylvania  .Anthracite: 

Nut,  stove  or  egg 

Grate 

6.95 
6  70 

-Arkansas  .\nttirjcite: 

Egg  or  Grate 

2.35 

5,35 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 

Gas  tio\ise " 

Smithing 

5   40 
4 ,  90 
4.15 

East  St.  Louis,  111.,  prices  are  20c.  per 
ton  less  than  St.  Louis  prices  on  soft  coal. 


FOREIGN  COAL-TRADE  M 


United  States  Coal  Exports — Exports 
of  coal  and  coke  from  the  United  States, 
with  coal  furnished  to  steamships  in 
foreign  trade,  seven  months  ended  July 
31,  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.      'Changea. 

.\nthracltp 1,709.401       l,7r.9,«26      I.       (iO,421 

Bituminous 4,916,914      5.7;«,:)02      I.     817.:t«8 


Ti>tal  e.\ ports..    6,02.'i,315       7„W).127      I.     877,812 
Steamer  coal 3,.i;)8,221      3,760.648      I.     222.327 


Total 10.1G3,S36    11.203,075      1.1.100.139 

Coke 547.434  608.8.")9    D.       38,5".'> 

Canada  took  this  year  5,505,267  tons 
of  coal,  or  73.4  per  cent,  of  the  total  ex- 
ports. Cuba  took  481,527  tons  of  coal. 
The  coke  went  chiefly  to  Mexico  and 
Canada. 


United  States  Coal  Imports — Imports 
of  coal  and  coke  into  the  United  States, 
seven  months  ended  July  31,  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.     Changes. 

Authracite 3,125  162    D.      2,963 

Bitumln.ms 636.93S      1,081.(;09      I.  444.671) 

Total  ciml 640.064       1,081,771      1.441,707 

Coke 111,1165  65,181     D.    45,s84 

Canada  furnished  this  year  922,471 
tons  of  coal  and  nearly  all  the  coke; 
Australia,  101,593  tons  of  coal;  Japan, 
50,780  tons  of  coal.  Imports  are  chiefly 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  in  the  far  north- 
western States. 


HJI  IRON  TRADE'REVIEW   S 


New  York.  Sept.  7 — While  no  great 
changes  from  last  week  can  be  reported, 
the  more  cheerful  tone  in  the  iron  and 
steel  markets  is  evident,  and  better  busi- 
ness reports  come  from  nearly  all  quart- 
ers. There  is  more  readiness  manifest 
to  contract  for  future  deliveries  and  a 
disposition  to  increase  commitments  which 
has  not  been  shown  for  some  months 
past. 

In  pig  iron  more  orders  for  foundry 
iron  have  been  placed  in  Eastern  terri- 
tory, and  large  consumers  are  inquiring 
for  supplies  running  into  next  year.  In 
the  Central  West  foundry  and  basic  pig 
are  being  inquired  for  in  a  way  which 
seems  to  mean  business.  The  South  is 
rather  lagging  behind. 

In  finished  material  also  there  have 
been  more  sales  and  many  inquiries. 
Wire  jobbers  are  disposed  to  take  on 
pretty  liberal  stocks.  Structural  steel  con- 
tinues to  lead,  and  small  orders  are  com- 
ing in  freely,  with  some  larger  ones  pend- 
ing. Specifications  on  contracts  are  com- 
ing in  better  than  they  have  been  for 
some  time. 

A  good  export  trade  is  reported,  includ- 
ing an  order  for  7000  tons  of  rails  for 
Korea.  The  Quebec  bridge  letting  has 
been  postponed  until  October. 


Baltimore 
Sept.  5 — Imports  for  the  week  included 
2270  tons  ferromanganese  from  Liver- 
pool; 6174  tons  iron  pyrites  from  Huelva, 
Spain;  28,050  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 
Exports  included  116,414  lb.  zinc  dross  to 
Liverpool, 


Birmingham 
Sept.  5 — The  new  month  started  with 
a  decidedly  better  feeling  in  the  Southern 
pig-iron  market.  The  demand  shows  a  ^ 
slight  improvement  and  there  is  some  in- 
quiry that  promises  to  result  in  business. 
Some  large  interests  have  been  sounding 
the  Southern  market,  and  sales  of  low- 
grade  iron  in  quantity  are  probable  for 
the  near  future.  The  cast-iron  pipe  inter- 
ests are  said  to  he  in  need  of  iron.  South- 
ern manufacturers  deny  that  any  iron  is 
being  sold  under  SI  1.50  per  ton.  No.  2 
foundry,  despite  the  positive  statements 
that   come    from   other  places   that   some 


September  10.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AiJD    MINING   JOURNAL 


535 


business  has  been  placed  in  the  South- 
ern market  at  SI  1  and  a  little  over.  The 
probable  make  for  the  present  month  is 
reported  to  have  been  sold  ahead. 

The  cast-iron  pipe  makers  in  Southern 
territory  are  shipping  their  product  faster 
than  they  are  making  it,  which  means 
that  yards  will,  in  a  short  time,  be  de- 
pleted of  accumulated  stock. 


Chicago 
Sept.  5 — The  iron  market  shows  signs 
of  briskness  near  at  hand.  In  the  last 
week  sales  and  inquiries  for  all  kinds  of 
iron  have  increased,  largely  stimulated, 
perhaps,  by  the  40,000  ton  purchase  by 
the  Oliver  plow  interests.  Yet  the  aver- 
age melter  of  foundry  iron,  whose  pur- 
chases really  determine  this  market,  is 
still  holding  off  from  liberal  buying. 
Prices  hold  to  SllC'j  11.50  Birmingham 
(S15.35^(  15.85  Chicago)  for  Southern 
No.  2,  and  S16.50r,i  17  for  Northern  No.  .''. 
An  increasing  tonnage  is  being  booked 
for  1911,  yet  the  main  interest  of  the 
trade  is  in  last-quarter  deliveries,  with 
niany  melters  seeking  lower  quotations  on 
the  first-quarter  than  the  furnace  repre- 
sentatives are  willing  to  give.  Iron  and 
steel  products  are  finding  in  general 
somewhat  better  sale,  though  the  aggre- 
gate is  still  light.  Coke  is  steady  at 
S4.85  Chicago. 


Cleveland 

Sept.  5 — Ore  shipments  seem  to  be 
dropping  off,  and  vessel  movements  are 
slower.  Furnaces  are  not  taking  ore 
from  the  docks  freely,  and  shippers  are 
disposed  to  go  slow. 

Pig  Iron — A  number  of  inquiries  are 
reported  for  foundry  iron  and  some  for 
basic.  Furnaces  are  rather  holding  back 
on  contracts  running  into  next  year, 
though  willing  enough  to  take  fourth- 
quarter  business  at  going  prices.  Bes- 
semer pig  is  quoted  at  S15.90,  Cleveland; 
No.  2  foundry,  S14.50r,(  14.75;  forget, 
around  S14.  M.  A.  Hanna  &  Co.,  Cleve- 
land, secured  a  good  share  of  the  Oliver 
Plow  CoiTipany  order,  the  biggest  placed 
for  some  time. 

Finished  Material — There  is  not  much 
to  report.  Some  bridge  and  building  con- 
tracts are  pending,  but  not  yet  awarded. 
Sheet  business  is  demoralized,  and  there 
is  plenty  of  cutting. 


Philadelphia 
Sept.  7 — Inquiries  from  foundry-iron 
consumers  first  presented  early  in  August 
resulted  in  the  placing  of  a  few  small 
orders  this  week  with  the  stipulation  in 
two  or  three  cases  that  the  orders  could 
be  extended  within  30  days  for  as  much 
more  as  the  customers  might  want.  Buy- 
ers appear  to  recognize  that  prices  are  at 
their  lowest.  Makers  do  not  fear  any 
further  shading  in  Southern  irons  in  this 
territory.  It  is  known  that  stocks  are 
very  low  in  this  and  New  Eng'^nd  ter- 


ritory. Each  day  brings  more  inquiries 
and  a  fair  monthly  business  is  in  sight. 
No.  2  X  foundry  clings  to  S16;  gray  forge. 
Northern,  S15;  Southern,  S14.50;  basic, 
SI 5  per  ton. 

Steel  Billets — Last  deliveries  on  late 
spring  orders  have  been  made  and  sup- 
plies in  some  localities  are  near  the 
vanishing  point. 

Bars — The  prospects  are  that  there  will 
be  a  slacking  up  of  orders  from  car 
shops.  Bar-iron  makers  are  soliciting 
business  from  the  larger  buyers  without 
much  success.  The  retail  mill  demand 
shows  little  improvement.  No  further 
shadings  have  been  made. 

Sheets — The  market  shows  signs  of 
dullness.  Some  sharp  cutting  in  quota- 
tions has  been  quietly  going  on. 

Pittsburg 

Sept.  6 — A  slight  further  improvement 
is  reported  in  specifications  and  inquiries 
for  finished  steel  products,  and  there  is  a 
more  hopeful  feeling.  At  best,  however, 
the  improvement  is  no  more  than  should 
be  looked  for  at  this  season,  with  the  mid- 
summer vacation  period  passed,  and  basic 
conditions  do  not  seem  to  have  improved. 
Prices  have  not  strengthened  at  any  point, 
but  there  have  been  no  distinct  declines 
in  the  week  and  on  the  whole  prices  are 
holding  better  than  might  be  expected  in 
the  circumstances. 

Pig  Iron — Sales  of  pig  iron  have  been 
much  lighter  in  the  past  week  than  in  the 
preceding  week.  There  is  a  fair  inquiry 
for  small  lots  of  iron,  particularly  foun- 
dry grades,  but  nothing  really  heavy.  We 
continue  to  quote  f.o.b.  Valley  furnaces. 
90c.  higher  delivered  Pittsburg;  Besse- 
mer, S15;  basic.  ."^13.75;  No.  2  foundry, 
S14r,/  14.25;  forge,  S13.35;  malleable. 
$14.50   per   ton. 

Steel — Reports  are  better  as  to  specifi- 
cations. There  is  moderate  inquiry.  Oc- 
casional reports  of  particularly  low  prices 
are  not  credited,  and  the  market  remains 
quotable,  f.o.b.  maker's  mill,  Pittsburg  or 
Youngstown:  Bessemer  billets,  S24.50; 
sheet  bars,  S25.50r(7  26;  open-hearth  bil- 
lets, S26;  sheet  bars,  S26.50rt/27;  rods. 
S28'J/29;  forging  billets,  S29.50rr/ 30  per 
ton. 

Ferromangancse — The  market  has 
shown  no  im.provement  since  the  gain 
reported  last  week  and  on  the  whole  is 
comparatively  quiet.  We  continue  to 
quote  prompt  at  S39.25''<)  39.50  and  for- 
ward at  S40.  f.o.b.  Baltimore,  freight  to 
Pittsburg  being  SI. 95  per  ton. 

Sheets — Demand  for  sheets  has  shown 
some  improvement,  and  is  fairly  heavy, 
but  purchases  are  confined  to  immediate 
requirements:  Concessions  remain  as 
last  noted,  about  S4  a  ton  on  black.  S5  on 
galvanized  and  SI  on  blue  annealed,  nom- 
inal prices  being:  Black.  2.40c.;  galvan- 
ized. 3.50c.;  painted  corrugated,  SI. 70; 
galvanized  corrugated,  S3;  blue  annealed, 
1.70c.    for   10  gage. 


St.  Louis 
Sept.  5 — The  pig'-iron  market  remains 
dull,  though  some  think  that  a  slight 
improvement  has  been  noted.  Sales 
agents  report  that  inquiries  seem  to  be 
coming  in  more  freely,  though  the  actual 
amount  of  business  closed  has  been  light. 
There  is  no  change  in  price  from  SI  1.50 
Birmingham  or  SI 5.25  f.o.h.  St  Louis. 


22  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE   2Z 


Canadian  Iron — The  make  of  pig  iron 
in  Canada  for  the  half-year  ended  June 
30  is  reported  by  the  American  Iron  and 
Steel  Association  as  below,  in  long  tons: 

I'.iiii. 


r.iii;i. 
Foundry  and  torf-P..      84,801) 

IJoMSf'TUHr 9'.),G:ii> 

Itlislc KW.ll-i 


Chanpps. 
81,()T.)  D.  ::.H11 
lai.'JOK  1.  ■».i..'iii',( 
l('.,'j.'.184      1.  872 

:)7n,271 


•iii.f);)!) 


Tdtal :H'.i,iui 

The  increase  over  the  second  half  of 
1909  was  48,822  tons.  There  were  14 
furnaces  in  blast.  Of  the  total  in  1910 
there  were  7415  tons  made  with  charcoal 
and   a   few  tons  by  electricity. 


ij  METAL- MARKETS   r^ 


New  York,  Sept.  1 — The  metal  markets 
generally  have  been  fairly  active,  and 
some  signs  of  improvement  in  demand 
and  prices  are  manifest  in  several  di- 
rections. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 

r.MTEll     .STATE.-?     OOI.D     AND     SILVKIt     SIUVEMENT 


MiMal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Ch.ld: 

July  llMll.. 

$   tfin.va 

$lll,282.i;49 

Imp.$  'J.4.'i4,I'.iK 

•■      I'.lii'J.. 

ir.,iiill.78'j 

3,2i;',l,88ll 

E.\p.   i:t.:«ii,8'.ii; 

Yi-ar  I'.lKI.. 

-id.m.'-.  182 

29.i;71.18IJ 

2ll.i;74.0(l2 

"      I'.HI'J.. 

81I.4'J|-..119 

23.405.478 

r)7,l)!IO.G41 

Sllvi-r; 

.lul.v  I'.IIU.. 

.1,124.471 

:1,7'.I4.8H8 

E.xp.     i,:i20..58:i 

•■      I'.HIO.. 

.5,iM'.i,;)r.i; 

:).'JII1,117 

l,i;«,24'.i 

Yi-nr  I'.IIII.. 

;l2,178.li8',l 

2.'>,1V.H',.4(I8 

r.,4S2,281 

'•      I'.IO'.I.. 

:)4,4ii'.i,»:)2 

211,788,145 

7.(;2(l,887 

Kxprirts  frnni  the  port  of  Now  York,  wook 
I'udi'd  Si'jji.  :i  ■  i;oi(i.  ifi.".ii.:;iiii.  I'liioiiy  to 
rananm  ;  silvi'r.  .'(;i,144.."i(>,s.  chicllv  to  l.oiiilon. 
Impnrts:  (iold.  .'i;T4.7!lll ;  silver.  .$1 4."'..t!.sl. 
rruni   Mexico  and   S;)nth  .-^inerlea   in-Iiicipall.v. 

Evports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  Aug.  25,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell: 

1909.  1910.            Chanpos. 

India £4.278..500  £4.142.500  D.    £    l:li;,oilo 

China •  l..')55.200  i.ll:t,.';oo  D.         H1.7|I0 

Straits 82,800  D.  82,81H1 


Tiilal £.5.910.600      £5.2.50.000     D.    £    ni;(l.jlMl 

India  Council  bills,  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  16.01d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 

Gold — Prices  on  the  open  market  in 
London  were  unchanged  at  77s.  9d.  per 
oz.  for  bars,  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for 
American  coin.  Most  supplies  were  taken 
by  the  Bank  of  England.  In  New  York 
about  S950,000  in  coin  was  taken  for 
Canada. 

Platinum — The  market  remains  quiet, 
and  prices  are  unchanged  at  S33  per  oz. 
for  refined  platinum  and  $37.50rr(  38  per 
oz.  for  hard  metal. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


SILVER    AMP    STERI.IVG 

EXCH.lNfiE 

Sept. 

1 

2 

3 

5 

11 

7 

New  York.... 
London  .   ... 
Sterling  Ex. . 

52  Ti 
4.8630 

52% 

■ii'i 

4.8B35 

52J..' 

24,'i 

4.8635 

"iif. 

5-2'/. 

■2i'i 

4.8615 

52Ji 
4.86111 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
rine  silver  ;  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling- 
silver.  0.925  fine.  ■ 

SUver — The  market  for  silver  continues 
steady  without  feature.  Prospects  of 
large  and  bountiful  crops  in  India  are  fa- 
vorable, and  the  possibilities  are,  silver 
will  not  see  much  decline  this  autumn. 

Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Ctopper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

ia 

£ 

Ma 

.  .2 

L. 

U 

id  .a 
u  ^ 
c  . 

00    — 

3    5? 

^:5. 

i^ 

<L 

*-£ 

a^ 

S  ..; 

^    - 

£ 

Si 

3S 

s 

^2 

1" 
!50 

02    U 

12 »« 

12.50 

4.271 

5.. 374 

5.Wi 

1 

®12J4 

©12.55 

35  Si 

4.40 

©4.32Jffl5.421  ^5.271 

12  >i 

12.50 

4.2-jl    6.37* 

5. 22  J 

2 

(BViy. 

©12.55 

35  li 

4.40 

©4.32iffi5.42J 

©6.27} 

12 'i 

12.60 

4.27i|    5.37J 

5.22{ 

3 
5 

012  Ji 

©12.65 

35  ^i 

4.40 

©4.32J!®5.42J 

©5. 27  J 

12  ^i 

12.50 

4.27*1    5.40 

5.25 

6 

ffiliJi 

©12.55 

35  « 

4.40 

©4.32iffl5.45 

©5  30 

12  ,S 

12 .  50 

4.27J     5.42i 

6.27i 

7 

(3)12Ji 

©12.65 

■Mm 

4.40 

©4.32i®6.45 

©D.ao 

The  New  York  unotations  for  electrolyti 
copper  are  for  cakes,  ingots  and  wirebars, 
and  represent  tlie  liiilk  of  tUe  transactions 
made  with  conaunicrs.  basis  New  York.  cash. 
The  prices  of  casIiuK  copper  and  erf  electrolytic 
cathodes  are  u.suallv  o.1:;.")c.  lielow  that  of 
electrolytic.  The  ciuotations  for  lead  repre- 
sent wholesale  transactions  in  the  open  mar- 
ket. The  (juotalions  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  Western  brands ;  special  brands 
command    a    premium. 


DAI  I 

,Y    PRICES 

OF 

METALS    IN    LONDON. 

Copper. 

Tin.              Lead. 

Zinc, 

Spot. 

3Mos 

Spot. 

'span- 
3Mosl  ish. 

EuK- 
llsh. 

Ordi- 

naries. 

1 

5554 

^!, 

163K 

158  )i 

viyi 

ny. 

22  3i 

■i 

66Ji 

56K 

my. 

157 

12>i 

12  H 

22^ 

5 

55K 

56  J< 

182« 

J57J( 

12K 

12« 

223i 

0 

65A 

56  Ji 

164  K 

l.W 

I'i.'n 

I'A'^i 

22  Ji 

7 

Kf, 

66A 

166 

157  Ji 

12« 

12H 

22  Ji 

('losinj;  (Miotatlfins  on  l.ondtui  .\Icial  K\- 
change.  All  prices  are  In  pounds  sierlinu  per 
lonj?  ton.  JJ4n  II>.  Copper  (piolalions  arc  for 
standard  copper. 


Copper — During  the  last  week  the  mar- 
ket has  been  characterized  by  great  dull- 
ness, transactions  having  been  smaller 
than  for  a  long  time,  owing  in  part,  per- 
haps, to  the  triple  holiday.  However, 
European  consumers  are  constantly  in 
the  market,  buying  fair-sized  quantities. 
Inquiry  from  domestic  consumers  has 
been  small.  Electrolytic  continues  to  be 
offered  by  all  of  the  agencies  at  12i.!c., 
delivered,  30  day=,  corresponding  to  about 
12.60c,,  cash  New  York,  for  domestic 
business.     This  price  has  been  shaded  by 


a  few  points,  but  there  is  absolutely  no 
pressure  to  sell,  the  producers  being  well 
booked  ahead  and  satisfied  as  to  the 
statistical  position,  expecting  a  stronger 
market.  As  in  the  previous  week  orders 
for  foreign  delivery  have  been  accepted 
on  slightly  lower  terms  than  for  domestic, 
and  also  a  difference  of  a  few  points  has 
been  made  according  to  the  time  of  ship- 
ment on  all  business.  Lake  copper  has 
been  decidedly  stagnant  and  it  has  been 
possible  to  purchase  this  metal  advanta- 
geously, at  least  in  small  quantities.  The 
close  is  steady  at  12\.;^/  12~.sc.  for  Lake 
copper,  and  12.50f(/  12.55c.  for  electrolytic 
copper  in  cakes,  wirebars  and  ingots. 
Casting  copper  is  quoted  nominally  at 
\2'ir,i  12' J  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  \80i  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  increase  in  statistics  abroad  of  800 
tons  reported  the  beginning  of  this  month 
had  a  weakening  influence  on  the  stand- 
ard market,  and  induced  holders  to  realize 
on  their  stocks.  At  the  lower  level,  quo- 
tations remained  steady  and  the  close  is 
cabled  at  £55  lis.  3d.  for  spot,  and  £56 
6s.  3d.  for  three  months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
quote:  English  tough,  £58;  best  selected, 
£59  10s.(r/£60;  strong  sheets,  £67  10s.r« 
£68   10s.  per  ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  5300  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  46  tons. 

Tin — The  London  market  is  an  entirely 
artificial  one.  Spot  supplies  are  cornered 
and  selling  at  this  writing  at  about  £8 
per  ton  over  three  months  tin.  Under 
such  conditions  it  is  impossible  to  gage 
the  future  of  the  market  correctly,  and 
one  guess  is  as  good  as  another.  Prices 
have  advanced  as  much  as  £3  from  one 
day  to  another,  and  were  not  at  all  in- 
fluenced by  the  published  statistics,  which 
showed  an  increase  of  about  500  tons 
in  the  visible  supplies  over  last  month. 
The  close  is  cabled  at  £166  for  spot,  and 
£157   15s.  for  three  months. 

Business  among  dealers  was  quite  ac- 
tive in  the  domestic  market.  Consumers, 
however,  are  wisely  holding  aloof  and 
buy  only  when  they  are  forced  so  to  do 
by  their  necessities.  At  the  close,  Sep- 
tember tin  is  quoted  at  about  36>«cents. 

Lead — There  is  a  satisfactory  inquiry 
on  the  part  of  consumers.  Their- wants, 
however,  are  being  freely  supplied  at  un- 
changed quotations  of  4.40c.  at  New  York, 
and  4.27'. '-1/4.32 '^.c.  at  St.  Louis. 

The  London  market  is  reported  as  be- 
ing active.  The  close  is  steady  at  £12  IDs. 
for  Spanish  lead,  and  £12,  12s  6d,  for 
English  lead. 

Spelter — During  the  last  week  a  rather 
heavy  business  has  been  transacted,  salei 
up  to  Saturday   having  been  effected   on 


the  basis  of  5.25c,  St.  Louis,  and  since 
the  holiday  at  an  advance.  The  statistical 
position  of  this  metal  seems  to  be  good, 
and  also  the  demand  from  consumers, 
and  the  outlook  is  regarded  as  favorable 
for  a  further  advance.  The  market  closes 
strong  at  5.27' :.'<(  5.30c.  St.  Louis,  and 
5.42'/.  ft(  5.45c.  New  York. 

The  foreign  market  is  also  extremely 
firm  and  a  large  consumption  is  reported. 
The  London  quotation  for  good  ordinaries 
is  cabled  at  the  close  at  £22  17s.  6d.  and 
specials  at  £23  2s.  6d.  per  ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per   cent,    discount. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  set-back  in  the  auto- 
mobile industry  has  been  keenly  felt  in 
this  metal,  and  during  the  last  week 
ingot  has  been  freely  offered  at  22c.  per 
lb.,  while  it  has  been  possible  to  effect 
business  at  a  concession  from  that  figure. 
We  quote  21i<(f?22c.  for  No.  1  ingots. 

Antimony — Business  continues  light. 
Prices  are  nominally  unchanged  at  SJiftr 
S'sc.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  7"s'^8c.  for 
U.  S.,  and  7}i(fili<fC.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — The  market  is  steady. 
In  New  York,  quotations  are  unchanged 
at  S46  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  lots; 
,'547fr(48  for  jobbing  orders.  San  Fran- 
cisco, 545.50  for  domestic  orders  and  $2 
less  for  export.  The  London  price  is 
£8  12s.  6d.  per  flask,  with  £8  6s.  3d. 
quoted  by  second  hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
ra70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quality  of  metal. 


Imports  and  Exports  of  Metals 


Exports  and  imports  of  metals  in  the 
United  States,  seven  months  ended  July 
31,  are  reported  as  follows,  in  the  meas- 
ures usual  in  the  trade: 

Mntals :           E.\port8.  Imports.       Excess. 

Copper,  long  tons     1.57,621  86.447     Exp.       71,174 

Copper,  1909 188,502  83,667    Exp.      104.«:)5 

Tin,  louK  tons....             347  27,863    Imp.       27..'>(h; 

Tin,  1909 266  25.037    Imp.       24.772 

Lead,  short  tons.       31,270  60.715   Imp.       29.445 

Lead,  1909 69.100  68,619    Imp.         9,.'M9 

Spelter,  sh.  tons.             .'i62  2.293    Imp.         1,741 

Spelter,  1909....          2.219  3.053  Imp.            834 

Nickel,  lb 8,172.S.')7  18.924,667  Imp.10,751,751 

Nickel.  1909,...  6,942.9»'4  11.9,'i3.K41    Imp.  .1,010.857 

Antimonv.  lb. .     .         2.175  6,112.4.18  Imp.  6.110.283 

Antimony,  1909.         6.648  6.272.943    Imp.  6.26('.,295 

Platinum. I'/. 62,.6ii2   Imp.       62. .11)2 

Plaltuuni.  1909.            ..    .  62..1-')4   Imp.       62..1.T4 

AUiminuni.  value  $4-!4,766     Exp,  $474,766 

Aluminum,  19U9     218.301      Exp,     218,361 

Ores,  etc. ; 
Zinc  ...xld.',  lb.  -.15,227,493      Exp.lB,227.493 

Ziucoxidc, '09., 17, 122.097      E.\p.l7.122.097 

Zinc  .dross,  lb....   (;.162,714      Exp.  6.163,714 

Zinc  dl-osa, '09.. 11, 782,224      Exp,ll,782.224 

Zincori'S.  lK,ti>ns        12,606  37,484    IniJ),        24,978 

Zinc  oroH.  1909.          8.094  07,876    Imp.        159,781 

Antlm'y  ores,  lb 

Ant.  ores.  1909,              504  3,386.798    Imp.  3,386,294 

Chrome  ore.iona             30  23,482   Imp.       23,402 

Chi-omeoro. '09   19.676  Imp.       19.676 

Copper,  lead  and  nickel  (and  antimonv 
from  Aug.  5,  1909)  include  the  metal 
contents  of  ores,  matte,  bullion,  etc.  The 
exports      given      include      reexports     of 


■  I 


September  10.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


537 


foreign  material.  Zinc  contents  of  on 
imported  in  1909  were  28,951,433  lb.; 
not  reporte(i  prior  to  date  of  new  tariff. 
Quantity  of  antimony  ore  is  not  reported 
this  year,  only  metal  contents  being 
given.  Imports  of  aluminum  are  not  re- 
ported. 


Zinc  and  Lead    Ore  Markets 

Platteville,  Wis.,  Sept.  3— The  highest 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was 
S43  per  ton;  the  base  price,  60  per  cent. 
zinc,  was  S41raS41.50  per  ton.  The  base 
price  paid  for  80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was 
S51ft(52  per  ton. 

Srni'MKXTS.    WEKK    HM)i:i>    SKI'T.    :!. 


Camps. 


Zinc  Lead     Sulphur 

ore.  lb.      ore,  lb.    ore.  lb. 


Galona 661.270 

Mineral  Point 64o  090 

PlottPvlUe 514.42(1 

Bonton 2:12.020 

Tuba  (^Ity I(i7.(rj(l 

Hlchland 129.100 

Montfort 


316.800 

48.620 

276.400 


Total 2,343..i85        144.600        641.820 

loar  to  date 62.140.961     6..304. 889  16.701.303 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  was 
shipped  during  the  week  to  the  separating 
plants,  2,757,345  lb.  zinc  concentrates. 

Jorlin.  Mo.,  Sept.  3 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  §46  per 
ton,  on  a  base  price  of  S43  per  ton  of  60 
per  cent.  zinc.  The  highest  base  price 
was  S43.50  for  ores  carrying  4  to  5  per 

SIin'M?;.\TS.   WEEK    EXIiEn   SEPT.    .3. 


Zinc.  111. 

Lead  III. 

Value. 

Wi'bl)  tity-OartervillK 

J"Mln 

Alba-Neck 

4.048.180 

1.626.6.i0 

l,2;i7,890 

944,410 

097  8.i0 

613,510 

672,460 

313,390 

343,060 

256.410 

314.120 

139,730 

168.7'.l0 

82.560 

58.18(1 

783.420 

206.390 

9.580 

67.460 

58.36(1 

63.260 

M.fiio 

$lir2.Il.^ 

3S.91.S 
27,472 
18,.'>So 
15.532 
9.195 
8,862 
6,683 
6.414 
5.251 
4,742 
2,794 
0  ^3(1 

Granbv 

Miami 

Or^'nopo . . 

Rpurgeon 

Sari-oxle 

Aurora 

Quapaw 

11.417.090 

1,235.100 

$2.52,044 

36  weeks 398.666.(180  .',8.124.9411     $9.3(13.K(;6 

Zllic  value,  the  week,  »218.768;    36  weeks.  $7,814.(12:'. 
33.276;    3(;weekS,     1,489,841 


Lead  value,  the  week. 


MONTHLY    .AVElt.\(iE    l'UII'i:S. 


MoDtb. 


January. . . . 
February..., 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

AiieiiAt 

September  . 

Octi.her 

November.. 
December. ., 


Tear »««.98 


Zinc  obe. 


Base  Prion.     All  Ores. 


1909.    1910. 


$47.31 
40.69 
43.00 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39  (M 
40.13 


$38.46 
:t4.37| 
34.71 
37.01 
37  42 

40  3.'i 

41  11 
44. 54 
44,87, 
45  75' 
48.29 
47.87 


1909.     1910. 


$46 
39 

39 
39, 
37 
37, 
36 
37.: 


LE.^D  UB£. 


All  Ores. 


1909.  I  1910. 


$11.20 


$54. ( 


$56.99 
53 ,  04 
51.26 
49.72 
48,16 
48,80 
48 .  59 
49.75 


Note — Inder  zinc  or(>  thp  Mrsi  iwo  col- 
umns  (live  base  prices  for  IKI  pei-  cent  zinc 
I  "'fj  """  ''■'^ond  two  the  nveraKc  for  nil  ores 
I  sold.  Lead  ore  prices  nre  the  aveiaKe  for 
I  all  ores  sold. 
I 


cent,  iron  and  only  a  few  bins  were  sold 
at  that  figure.  Zinc  silicate  sold  on  a 
base  of  $20('./ 24  per  ton  of  40  per  cent. 
zinc.  The  average  price,  all  grades  of 
zinc,  was  .S38.32  per  ton.  Lead  opened 
the  week  firm  at  .S54  and  closed  with  S.S6 
paid  for  several  bins,  and  the  buyers  ac- 
tive at  the  close  of  business  on  Saturday 
night.  The  average  price,  all  grades  of 
lead,  was  S53.88  per  ton. 


CHEMICALS 


Nfif  York.  Sept.  7— The  general  mar- 
kets are  improving  a  little  and  more  in- 
quiries are  being  received. 

The  General  Chemical  Company,  of 
California,  a  new  company  with  Sl,250,- 
000  preferred  and  Sl,500,000  camm-.n 
stock,  controlled  by  "lit  General  Chemical 
Company,  has  bought  the  important  works 
of  the  Peyton  Chemical  Company,  and 
the  adjoining  new  works  at  Bay  Point, 
near  San  Francisco.  The  Peyton  works 
are  by  far  the  most  important  on  the  Pa- 
cific Coast. 

Copper  Sulphate — On  a  moderate  trade 
prices  are  unchanged,  at  $4  per  100  !b. 
for  carload  lots  and  S4.25  per  100  lb.  for 
smaller  orders. 

Arsenic — More  inquiries  are  noted  for 
future  deliveries,  but  business  is  on  a 
small  scale.  Quotations  are  S2.25  per  100 
lb.  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Sodu — The  market  for  this 
article  has  improved  a  little.  Spot  is 
quoted  at  2.100(  2.12'i.c.  per  lb.,  while 
2. 1 2 ■/■f' 2. 15c.  per  lb.  is  asked  for  fu- 
tures. 

Messrs  Mortimer  &  Wisner,  New  York, 
report  the  position  of  nitrate  in  the  United 
States  on  Sept.  1  as  follows,  in  long  tons: 

1909.        1910.     Changes. 

Stocks.  Jan.  1 9,140      14,IKK)      I.       4,860 

Imports.  8  mos 211,7(K1    315.200      1.10,3.6(10 

Total  supplies 220.840    329.200      1.108.360 

Deliveries.  8  mos 208,040    316.5(X1     I.  108.460 

Strt-ks.  Sept.  1 12.800      12,7011      I.  rin 

Aflontr.irU.S 70,(K10      60,rKMi    D,    lo,lJl(i 

Quantities  afloat  include  all  cargoes  due 
to  arrive  at  U.  S.  ports  before  Dec.  15 
next. 


Petroleum 
Exports     of     mineral     oils     from     the 
United   States,  seven  months  ended  .luly 
31,  in  gallons: 

1909.  1910. 

Crude  lietroleum 70.136.170  64. 171.176 

Nniflilhas 42.62'2.9IH)  47.:t:t7.,579 

lllunilnnlliii!  oil 595, '.mi ,394  5.36,162,245 

Lulirlcntlngand  paraffln..     81,429,108  90,703,077 

Eeslduum 69,974,2.56  61,191,487 

Total 850,162.888  799,506.564 

The  total  decrease  this  year  was  50.- 
587,324  gal.,  or  6  per  cent. 


6<   MINING -STOCKS    $ 


New  York.  Sept.  7 — A  double  holiday 
this  week  helped  to  make  the  market  evei 
more  dull  than  it  has  been,  the  Stock  Ex- 
change adjourning   from  Friday    over    to 


Tuesday.  Business  has  been  extremely 
slow,  some  brokers  going  so  far  as  to  say 
there  was  no  market. 

The  Curb  was  much  the  same,  trading 
being  light  in  all  issues.  There  was  no 
positive  weakness,  and  prices  shown;d 
only  fractional  changes.  There  was  hardly 
business  enough,  however,  to  test  the 
market,  and  dullness  was  the  prominent 
point. 


Boston,  Sept.  6 — The  copper-share  mar- 
ket has  lapsed  into  utter  dullness  and 
naturally  prices  are  a  shade  lower.  The 
contention  that  copper  shares  have  been 
pretty  thoroughly  liquidated  still  holds 
Rood,  as  shown  by  the  fact  that  offerings 

CdlTEU    I'ltdlUCTKlN    HEI'dltTS. 
(•c»iipt>r   contents   of   blister   copper,    in   pound.s. 


Company. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

2.802,000 

1.226,000 

2,115.314 

10.219.687 

2.490.000 

4.280.000 

2.017.(1(KI 

800.00(1 

6.186.832 

2,092.000 

1,. 528,00(1 

2,245,0(H1 

8,358,496 

23,750,(Ml(l 

18.1K10,00(I 

2,910.000 

1,1(K),1100 

2,272. IHKI 

10,730.:i72 

2.705.000 

4..5(H1,00(1 

1.80(l.01Hl 

SOll.lHIO 

0.896.429 

2.000,000 

2,207,000 

2,224.000 

8,677,000 

23,366,880 

19,000,000 

Boleo  (Mexico) 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  &  Ariz 

Cananea  (Mexico). . 

9,426.763 

3,f.2'6,lMK) 
2,11K),000 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Dominion 

2,693.066 

Siijierlor  &  Pitts.. 

Utah  Copper  Co 

Butte  Ilistiii-t 

Lake  Superior  

21,720  100 

Total  production 
Imports,  bais.  (*tc.. 

88.1:1(1.329 
20.817,978 
5,579,618 

91,188,781 
17,714,034 
6,637,836 

Total 

114,527.915 

115,540,651 

liiitti'  distrift  and  Lake  Superior  lignros  nre 
estimated;  others  are  reports  received  /"nmi 
cnmppnies.  Imports  duplicate  produetiou  of 
Cananea.  and  that  part  of  Copper  (Jueen  pro- 
dnt'tion  which  conies  fnuu  Xaco'.ari.  Hoieo 
copper  does  not  come  to  American  retiners. 
riah  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
the   Boston    mill. 

STATISTICS    OF   COI'I'EU 


United 
Month.               Stn'es 

Producfn. 

Deliveries, 

D<)mestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

IX,  1909 

X  

118,023,1:19 
124  657,709 
121,618,369 
117,828,665 

62,106,955 
60,359,617 
60,867,873 
69,519,501 

60,077,777 
56,261,238 
65,266,596 
6<I,540,S70 

XI   

XII 

Sear 

1,405,403,056 

705,061  ,.591 

680,942,620 

I, 1910 

11    

Ill 

IV 

I16..547.287 
112,712,493 
12ll,(lC.7.467 
1I7.477.(,:19 
12:1.242.476 
127,219,188 
118,:l70,(10:l 

78,158,:t87 
66,618,322 
62,844,818 
67,985,951 
59  305,222 
53,363,196 
.56,708,175 

81,091,6711 
37,309,618 
40,.595,767 
31  332,434 
45,496,400 
06,895,948 
59.407.167 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

United 

S'.atis. 

Europe. 

Total. 

IX,  1909 

X 

XI 

XII 

I.  1910 

136  196,9,30 
151,1,2,772 
1.5.1.509,626 
1.53,0(,3,627 
141,766,111 
9H.4(.3.:i:)9 
107.187,992 
123.824.874 
14 1.984.  I.V.I 
160.425.973 
l(iX.:i86.017 
170,640,678 

197,993,600 
210,224,000 
222,566,40(1 
2:16,857,60(1 
244,204,800 
248.2:16,800 
254. 1.50, 4(H1 
249,625.600 
246,870,400 
239,142,100 
2:12,892,800 
222,;t20,(100 
218.444.800 

3:13,190,530 
301,696,772 
376,076.026 
389,861.127 
38B.970.911 
:)46,700,139 
.361,338,392 
373,450,474 
:)88,8.')4,559 
399..5fJ(.37S 
401.27!<,817 
392,960,678 

II 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

Kiuiires  iii-e  In  pounds  of  ilni>  copper.  I'.  S. 
produclloii  in>'liidi>s  nil  copiier  rellncd  in  tills 
cniintr.v.  iKilli  from  domestic  and  i[nport(>d 
mnterliil.  Visible  stocks  nre  tiiose  reported 
on  tlie  tirsi  da.v  of  eoch  inonlli,  as  lirmight 
over   from    tile  iirei'cdlng  montli. 


538 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  10,  1910. 


are  at  a  minimum  and  sentiment  contin- 
ues optimistic. 

It  is  needless  to  go  into  detail  regarding 
price  movements..  The  market  is  one  of 
specialties.  A  few  of  the  newer  Lake 
Superior  properties  have  received  slight 
upward  movements,  but  the  advances  are 
not  sustained,  while  in  many  cases  prices 
react  as  soon  as  favorable  news  appears. 
Developments  at  the  Indiana  and  Algomah 
prospects  are  reported  favorable  and  have 
caused  more  or  less  buoyancy. 

Declaration  of  the  regular  S7  dividend 
by  the  Calumet  &  Hecla  has  tended  to 
keep  the  price  up  around  the  recent  high 
levels,  while  the  regular  S5  dividend  bv 
the  Wolverine  inspires  confidence  in  the 
general  situation. 

Curb  trading  has  been  of  fair  volume, 
with  the  bulk  of  business  in  Algomah  and 
Chino  of  the  better  class  of  stocks. 

AHseM.Hmt'iits 


TIX    AT    NEW    YOIIK 


S.\X   FKAXCISCU. 


Sept. 


Company. 


American,  Ida 

Bullion,  Sev 

Challenge,  Nov 

Ely  Con.,  Nev 

E.^cheqner.  Nev  

Hancock  Con.,  Mich 

Hypothek,  Ida 

Julia.  Nev 

Little  Butte.  Ida 

Live  Oak,  Ariz 

Potoslp.  &  S.  Min,  Nev 

Raven,"  Mich 

Rhode  Island,  Ida 

Savage,  Nev 

Scorpion,  Nev 

Scottish  Chief.  Utah 

Seg.  Belcher  &  Midas  Con.  ,N. 

Tintlc  Central,  Utah 

Union,  Nev 

Utah,  Nev 

Winnna.  Mich 

Yellow  Jacket,  Nev 


Amt. 


$0,002 
0.05 
0.10 
0.05 
0.05 
3.00 
0.003 
0.03 
0.002 
3.00 
0.10 
0.10 
0.001 
0.10 
0  02 
0.01 
0.05 
O.OOJ 
0.10 
0.05 
].00 
0.15 


Monthly   .-Vverage   I'ricew  of  >letnlH 

SILVER 


January — 
February... 

Mai-ch 

AprU 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 


Total 51.502 


New  York.       Ltuidon. 


1009.  !  I'.nO.     1909.     1910, 


.750 
.472 
.4liH 
.42« 

H(15 
.oils 
.043 
.125 
.440 

923 
.703 
.226 


.'•.:l.4i;2 

24  i<;c. 

.'.4,150  2:!..">l'.l 

52. 912:23. 5S« 

23.743 

23.502 

23.351 

24.030 

23.706 

1.54 
794 
I'.OIl 
4K3 
797 
llnl 
034 
428 


New    York,    cents    per    line    ounce: 
pence    per    staudai-d    niinr-e. 


London. 


fOI'I'EIt. 

Nkw  York. 

London. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

13.H93 

13  r,2o'l4  2S0 

13,870 

(11.198 

(10  923 

February 

12.949 

13  332  13  295 

13,719 

.57.088 

.59.388 

Marcli 

12.387 

13.2.'.5  12  «2I', 

13. 58(1 

.50.231 

.59.214 

April 

12.5111 

12,733  12, 93J 

13,091 

.57:303 

.57.238 

May 

12 .  M93 

12.. 5.50  13,238 

12 . K85 

.59.338 

.50.313 

June 

13.214 

12. 404, 13, .548 

12.798 

59.027 

,55.31(1 

July 

12.HS0 

12,215 

13.303 

12,570 

.58.5.50 

M.VM 

August 

13.(X)7 

12.490 

13.290 

12.715 

,59.393 

55.733 

Soptflmber  .. 

12  H70 

13.210 

59.021 

October 

12  7IKI 

13  030 

57.. 551 

November. . . 

13.125 

113,354 

58.917 

December. . . 

13.29S 

13.047 

59.9<K1 

Year 

12.9S2 

13.:i36 

68.732 

New  York,  rents  |)er  jiound.  Eleetrol.vllc  Is 
for  cakes.  Ingots  or  wlreliars.  London,  finnnds 
sterling,  per  long  ton,  standard  copper. 


Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

MoDth. 

1909. 

1910. 

January  .. . 
February  . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28.060 
28 , 290 
28,7-27 
29 , 445 
29.225 
29.322 

32.700 
32  920 
32,403 
32.976 
33,125 
32.769 

jjuly 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29.125 
29.966 
.30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
32.913 

32.695 
33.972 

29.725 

in   cents  per  pound. 


lj:ad 


Xe-w  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

Month. 

19U9 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

Januarv 

4.175 

4 .  700 

4 .  025 

4,. 582 

13,113 

13,650 

February 

4.018 

4.613 

3.868 

4,445 

13  313 

13  3-28 

March 

3.986 

4.459 

3.835 

4  ,  307 

13   438 

13  (163 

.4 1)1-11 

4.168 

4.376 

4.051 

4  -22.1 

13   ■297 

12  (-41 

Mav 

4.  ■287 

4.315 

4.214 

4.104 

13-2-25 

12  550 

12  (188 
12  531 

Julv 

4.321 

4.404 

4.188 

4,-291 

12,563 

.\iigust 

4.363 

4.400 

4.227 

4-290 

12.475 

12.513 

Sfpteniber  . . 

4.342 

4.215 

12.781 

()i-t.,l.er 

4.341 

4.215 

13.175 

November... 

4.370 

4.252 

13.047 

December.. . 

4.560 

"■_:::■ 

4.459 

13.1-25 

Year 

4. -273 

4.153 

13.049 

New    York   and    St.    Loui; 
Ivondiiu.   pounds  sterling;  pi 


cents   per   ptmnd. 
lon-^  ton. 


srrcLTEK 


New 

Y.irk. 

St.  L 

ouis. 

Londi.in. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

6.141 
4.889 
4.757 
4.965 
5.1-24 
5.402 
5,402 
5.729 
5.796 
6.199 
6.381 
6.249 

6.101 
5.569 
5.637 
6.439 
5.191 
5, 1-28 
5,1.52 
5. -279 

4.991 
4.739 
4.607 
4.815 
4.974 
6. -232 
6.252 
5.579 
6.B4fi 
6.043 
6.231 
6 ,  099 

6.951 
6.419 
5.487 
5.289 
5.041 
4.978 
5.  (.102 
6.129 

21   4-2.-. 
21,5|-,2 
21    438 
21, -.31 
21,97.-. 
22,000 
■21.969 
22.1-25 
22.906 
23.200 
•23.188 
23.094 

23   35(t 
■Ml    ISS 
23,1131 
22   469 
22  100 

July.. 

■'2  406 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December. .. 

•22.800 

Year 

5,503 

3,352 

■22. -201 

New    York   and    St.    Louis,   cents   per   pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 

I'KI('i:S   OF   PIG   IRON  AT   riTTSBlIKL 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909'. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

Apiil 

May 

$17,18 
16,73 
16,40 
15,79 
15,77 
16.13 
16  40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19,90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18 ,  96 
18.53 
18.^28 
17.10 
16.52 
16.40 
16.09 

$16.40 
16.09 
16.84 
15.05 
16.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.16 

$17.98 
17. '21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 



$16.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16. '20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15. 53 
15  40 
16.16 

Julv    

.\UgU8t 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December.. . 

Year 

$17.46 

$16  46 

$16  40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Sept.  6 


Name  of  Comp. 


Listed : 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con. 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

Flndlav 

Gold  Dollar 

Gold  Sovereign. . 

Isabella 

leary  McKlnney. 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

Vltidl<Tator 

Work 

Unlisted  : 

GoId(.n  Cycle 

UnltedGold  Mines 


Bid. 


SALT  LAKE 


Sept.  6 


Name  of  Comp. 


Carlsa 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus  Con... 
Daly  Judge...?. . . 

Grand  Central 

Iron  Blossf.m 

Little  Bell 

Little  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth. 

Mason  Valley 

Ma].  Mines 

Mav  Dav 

Nevada  Hills 

New  Y..rk 

Piiiiei'  Cciii 

Red  ■Warrlnr 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

Sioux  Con 

Uncle  Sam 

Victr>rln 


Clg. 


13 

30J 

65 

•25 

17J 

88 

10 


1 

t 
.18 

7.40 

J.. 53 

03J 

2,16 

t-13 

..54 

JO  (10 

.00 

.24 

.15 

J1.07i 


Name  ot  Comp. 

CoMsTocK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Exchequer 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Mexican , 

Ophir 

Overman 

Polosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Cf.n. 

Yellow  Jacket.... 


Clg. 


.10 
.49 
.49 
.27 
.■20 
.19 
.70 
1.40 
.24 
.19 
.32 
.35 
1.40 
1.55 
.71 
.39 
.20 
.27 
.36 
.62 


Name  of  Comp.    Clg, 


Misc.  Nevada 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Miilway 

Nnrth  Star 

West  End  Con.. 

.Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt. .. 

Com  b.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  E.xtenslon 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Sandstorm 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 


3.90 
.04 
.•27 
.■27 
.24 
.08 
.60 
.13 
.11 
.16 
.04 
.41 
.03 
.40 
.07 
.08 
.04 
.07 
.17 
.04 


N.  Y.  EXCH. 


Sept.  6 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated 

.Am.  -Agri.  Chem  . . 
Ani.Sni.&Rer.,com 
Ani.Sm.  i  Ref.,pf. 

Anaconda 

Bethlehem  Steel.. 
Col.&Hock.C.  &I. 
Federal  M.  &  8... 

Coldfield  Con 

Gi-eat  Nor.,orectf. 

Ht.mest.ike 

Nat"  nalLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  ('..nscl 

Pittsburg  Coal 

R.'publiclAS.Ct-.m. 
Republic  I  &S.pf. 
SI,  ,ssSheffi^d,com. 
Sluss  Sheffield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Cupper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


Clg. 


63 
42  3i 

66  ,S 
103JJ 

39 

67  )i 

66 

»H 
64 
87Ji 
50  ,S 
104 
20% 
15>i 
•29 
94 
66 

tios 

26 
55T< 
67  K 
116>ij 
67J4 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Sept.  6 


Name  of  Comp. 


Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek. .. 

Boston  Copper 

Bradeu  Copper. . . 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines. . . . 
Butte  Coalition. .. 

(.'aled.  .nia 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Cobalt  Prov 

Con.  -Ariz.  Sm 

Cumberland  Ely.. 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Con 

El  Rayo 

Florence 

Gila  Copper 

Giroiix 

Gold  Hill 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  R<ise 

McKlnley-Dai--Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  .Am.. 
Mont.  Shoshone. . 
^Mont.-Toiiopah.. . 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  8. 

New  Baltic 

Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm,  &  M.. 

Ray  Central 

Raj'  Con 

Silver  Queen 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Ton. .pah  ..• 

Ton.. pah  Ex 

Trl-Bullion 

Tuolumne 

Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


t3 

tia 

3J< 

2K 
18 

X 
14« 

8 

IK 

t7 
.33 

m 

2H- 
7 

n« 

180 
6 

3!l 
1.01 
Wi 
65  »i 
t.37 
{.98 

wi 

I  ' 

ii 

"if. 

l»?i 

}35 
600 
% 
8H 
.90 

2.40 
3% 


LONDON 

Name  of  coin. 

Dolores. . 
Stl^atton'slnd. 
Camp  Bird.... 

Esperanza 

T<.ml»ov 

El  Oli> 

Oroville 

Mexicf.  Mines 


Sept.  7 


Clg. 


£1  108  Od 

0  3      3 

1  11 

2  13 
016 
1    0 

JO    5 
9    4 


BOSTON  EXCH.    Sept.  6 
Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


Adventure 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

B.iston  Con 

Butte  &  Balak 

Calumet  &  .Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mei^cur 

Copper  Range 

Dalv-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Koyalo 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigait 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best., 
Superior  fc  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Smg.  &  Ret. 
U.S.Sm.&Re.,pd. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria  

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


140 

•26 
5 

16 

t5Ji 
tl8 

e>4 

58  >i 

535 

{18 

{.10 

66 

6 

7 

11 

{34 

20« 

nx 

{19 

XiK 

34X 
10 

VK 
tin 

48 
20« 
Ilii 
9 

BH 
{36 
125 

14 

72X 
{10 

44 

tS¥ 

{57 

38H 
49 
3X 
23 

t7« 
{1'25 


BOSTON  CURB    Sept.  6 


Name  of  Comp. 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely .. .. 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chl.'f  Cns 

Cons.  .Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve.. 
Fil-st  Nal.  Cop... 

Inspiiatlon 

Mackinaw ... 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Coppt^r. . . 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  .\iit(Uilo 

Shattuek-Ariz... 

South  Lake.-; 

Superior  &  Globe 

Ti-i'thewey 

Tn.ilumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Clg. 


186 

a 
i« 

.08 
IH 
lox 

OS 
8X 
IX 
VA 
6« 
2X 
3X 

3' 
.20 

.49 

{.n 

.•29 
6X 

Jf' 
21 
8X 
.20 

lA 

.90 


tl.ast  quotation. 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  '%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary ■%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
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payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
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cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  •%,  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
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every  instance  ■%  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
'X,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


SEPTEMBER  17,  1910. 


NO.  12 


I  VHICULATIOX    STATEMi:Xr 

'         DiiiiiKj     1!M)!)     wc     i>riiU<<l     niKl     niivulated 

■     034,3(Hl'  ctiiiics     of     Tmo     Kxcixkkuixg     and 

MiXIXO     .lorUNAL. 

Old'  circulution  for  Aiiiiiist.  llilii.  icas  39,500 
copies. 

Scptcmher  3 11,000 

Stntrmlier  10 !l,.-i00 

Hvptiiiiher  17 !i,.")iio 

Votif  .*t'iit  free  reijuliirlit,  no   bad:  niiiiihcrs. 

Fimiri.i   an    lire,  ml   cheululion. 

Contents  v.v.k 

Editorials  : 

The  t'oppor  Stalislics  tor  Aii^iisl :t!i 

The  llliiiriis  Strike'  Scltli-nu'iit .'>:'.'.)■ 

Steel    Corporallon    Orders .">4l) 

Barninetric   I'ressurt-  anil   I.iberalion   of 

I''ire(hinii>    "'-to 

Correspondi'iice  and    niscussion  : 

CaU'ulallon  of  Itecovory  in  Conwn- 
trallon...  Mini'ral  Law  of  Texas 
....Standards    of    Work .541 

gncsllons  and   .Vnswers 542 
peratinns  at  the  Tooele  Smelting  Works  54;; 

AuKMsi     Dperations    of    Ooldlield    Consol- 
idated        54;', 

Life  of   Itaocl   .Mines 54:! 

Details    of    I'rartleiil    Mining: 

•Frainiiii.'  Itouirli  Tiniliers  for  .Mine 
Sets.....\  Short  I'drmiila  for  Sam- 
ples Containitii;  Mei.illics  ....  '.\p- 
paratiis  for  Mxplodint:  (;as  in  Tun- 
nels. ...  "llanil  liell  Siunal  Wirlnff 
....(•oolin«  a  Hot  .loiirnal  Itearlns; 
.  .  .  .  *.\  Cotiveiiienl  l'"ire  Hydrant.... 
•Cnrltig  a  Leak  in  a  Sleatn  l'li)e 
....*< 'ontrcdlin;:  the  (Curvature  of 
lliamond     Urili     Holes  ....  'Keeping 

I  Notes  544 
GoM  and  Coal  Areas  in  Canadian  North- 
west    548 
Phelps.  Dod^e  &  Co.  In  Itock  Island 549 
•Transition  In  Itand  Cvanlde  Plants....  549 
Spiilenient    of    the    Illinois    Coal    .Miners' 

Strike     5.50 

N"\el    Kleitrle    Driven    Conipres.sor   Plant 

at    New    .Moddertontein 55(1 

(.'allfernia   oil   Dividends 550 

Some  Keonomic  (loid  Deposits  of  Alaska. 

/•'/v/nr/.H    i'linrrh    Lincoln  551 
•I'yrlle     Stnelting     and     Sulphuric     Acid 
Manufacture. 
/■'.  ./.  i'lililin'i  onil  ./.  I*art:r  (Hinnninfj  555 

SeanhllL-ht    District.    .Nevada 55H 

•The    .\shestos    Industry    In    Central    Wy- 
oming  /'.    //.    Iliirroir   5."il 

•ICxperlments      with       Portland      Cement 

('UI)els. 

T.  /'.  //')//  ii/i./  \.  r.  I'liiixtiiincn   5liO 
•inndltiotis   for  (Joid    DriMlillnu'  In    I'reneh 

Cniaua ithi>t    ttortlraux  5(»2 

.\    New    Type    of    (ilant    Kxeavator. 

/'.     I.    TdUiot  504 
•Ilarometrle    Pressure    and    TJheratlon    of 

Firedamp I, inn     Morln  5<!5 

Hepnrl    on    liituinlnous   Coal    Miners 5tiS 

Oolorail.i  Coal    Striki>   Sitnallon 5fi9 

Small     Success    In     I'tlllzlng     Irish    Peat 

lepiislts 509 

'al.Hshtnent   of  Additional    Rescue   Sta- 
tions         r,n» 

'   •■lilevv       \,,|,,s .5(i!l 

N'  »     I'ulilii'alions 570 

I'ersoual.    (Htltuary    and    Societies 571 

1  Kdltorlal    Correspondence 57;; 

.Mining    News 574 

Markets    5.10 

'niiftriltril. 


The  Copper   Statistics   for    August 

The  report  of  the  Copper  Producers' 
Association  for  August  was.  strange  to 
say,  interpreted  unfavorably  by  the  gen- 
eral public.  Some  of  the  most  thoughtful 
of  the  daily  newspapers  commented  to 
the  effect  that  the  production  of  the 
month  was  an  absolute  high  record  and 
that  this  showed  clearly  that  production 
has  not  yet  been  brought  under  organized 
curtailment.  Neither  of  these  ideas  is 
correct.  The  average  daily  production  in 
August  was  4,122,700  lb.,  which  is  to  be 
compared  with  4,239,700  lb.  in  June,  the 
maximum  on  record.  Curtailment  of 
production,  inaugurated  about  Aug.  1, 
could  not  by  any  possibility  become  ap- 
parent in  the  August  refinery  statistics. 

In  fact,  the  American  statistics  for 
August  showed  a  decrease  of  1,759,433 
lb.  in  the  accumulation,  and  combining 
the  American  and  European  statistics,  the 
total  decrease  for  the  month  was  5,534,- 
633  lb.  As  we  have  previously  pointed 
out,  the  statistics  for  either  side  are  lilcely 
to  go  up  while  those  for  the  other  go 
down,  and  a  correct  view  can  be  obtained 
only  by  looking  at  the  two  together. 

The  favorable  character  of  the  August 
statistics  is  determined  by  the  fact  that 
there  was  an  actual  decrease  of  stock  in 
spite  of  the  heavy  production,  the  latter 
having  not  yet  experienced  In  any  wav 
the  effect  of  the  curtailment  by  the  sinelt- 
ers.  That  the  curtailment  Is  a  real  thing 
is  already  becoming  manifest  from  the 
smelter  reports  for  August  that  are  now 
being  published  from  day  to  day.  The 
smelters  who  have  so  far  reported  ap- 
pear  to    have    produced    only    54,455.283 


lb.  of  copper  In  August  against  59„759,- 
401  In  .July. 

It  may  freely  be  admitted  that  the  re- 
duction In  stocks  in  August  was  due  to 
conversion  of  some  part  of  the  visible 
supply  into  invisible.  European  advices 
state  that  stocks  which  do  not  appear 
In  the  statistics  are  accumulating  on  the 
Continent,  and,  of  course,  everyone 
should  know  that  the  domestic  deliveries 
of  67,731,271  lb.  in  August  did  not  repre- 
sent actual  consumption,  but  to  some  ex- 
tent the  replenishing  by  manufacturers 
of  the  depleted  stocks  in  their  yards.  This, 
however,  is  precisely  the  manner  In  which 
a  turn  of  the  copper  situation  toward  the 
right  direction  was  to  be  expected,  as  has 
been  previously  pointed  out  in  these  col- 
umns. Manufacturers  in  this  country  al- 
lowed their  stocks  to  run  down  below  the 
safe  working  basis,  relying  upon  their 
ability  to  draw  from  the  refineries  without 
concern  as  to  price  so  long  as  the  mar- 
ket was  weak.  This  policy  naturally  be- 
came unwise  after  the  turn  of  the  tide. 


The  IlHnois  Strike  Settlement 

Reference  was  made  last  week  to  the 
settlement  of  the  coal-miners'  strike  In 
Illinois,  after  five  months  of  heated  con- 
troversy. The  apparently  complete  sur- 
render of  the  operators  was  mitigated  by 
clauses  in  the  agreement  limiting  the  cost 
of  shot-flrers,  providing  for  arbitration  of 
minor  disputes,  and  arranging  for  an 
earlier  and  more  reasonable  method  of 
arranging  new  wage  scales  when  the 
present  agreement  expires. 

The  surrender  of  the  operators  after 
their  long  fight  was  undoubtedly  due  to 


540 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17.  1910. 


the    fact   that    a   considerable    proportion  running    over    long    periods    has    been    a 

of    them— not    a    majority,    but    a    large  marked    feature    of   the    trade    for    some 

minority— had    become    restive    under    a  time   past,   and    now   exists   to   a   greater 

loss  of  trade  to  Indiana,  Ohio  and  West  degree  than  has  been  the  case  in  years. 


colliery  explosions  and  periods  of  fall- 
ing barometer,  but  by  comparison  be- 
tween the  evolution  of  gas,  as  shown  by 
samples  of  mine  air,  and  the  hight  of  the 


lines  as  that  of  Mr.  Morin.  This  is  some- 
thing that  might  very  well  be  undertaken 
by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines.  We  do 
not  forget  that  investigations  of  this  sub- 
ject have  already  been  made  by  private 
interests  in  this  country,  results  of  which 


Virginia  mines,  which   threatened  to  be-     It  has  been  encouraged  by  the  course  of     barometer.    Mr.  Morin  goes  further,  and 
cor^e  permanent.     The  majority  yielded,     the    Steel    Corporation    itself,    which    has.    recommends  precautionary  measures, 
to   prevent    a   break   in    their   association     for  some  time  declined  contracts  offered         In  the  enunciation  of  a  broad  principle 
which   might   make   united   action   impos-     running  into  1911  at  the  present  range  of     of  this  kind,  American  conditions  are  not 
sible  in  the   future.  prices.     This  indicates  a  belief  in   early     likely    to    differ    from    European,    but    it 

The  strike  had  reached  a  point  where  advances,  but  it  does  not  agree  with  the  would  be  desirable  to  have  a  confirmatory 
it  became  a  deadlock  which  could  only  belief  of  the  great  majority  of  buyers,  study  made  in  this  country  on  the  same 
be  broken  by  some  such  surrender,  or  who  see  no  reason  to  expect  higher  prices, 
by  bringing  in  nonunion  miners  to  take  The  result  has  been  to  throw  some  busi- 
the  place  of  the  strikers.  .Apart  from  ness  to  independent  concerns,  who  agree 
the  difficulty  and  cost  of  such  action,  with  the  buyers,  but  more  largely  to  help 
however,  it  was  pi-actically  put  out  of  m  confining  business  to  short  orders. 
consideration  by  the  miners'  qualifica-  This,  we  believe,  has  been  responsible 
tion  law  of  the  State.  This  provides  that  for  the  greater  part  of  the  decline  in  have  been  published  in  the  Journal,  but 
no  man  can  work  as  a  miner  without  a     Steel  Corporation  outstanding  orders.  we  think  we  put  it  mildly  in  saying  that 

certificate  of  competency,  being  similar  in         The  present  outlook  is  for  a  moderate     they  have  not  yet  been  exhaustive, 
most   respects   to   the    Pennsylvania   law.     gain   in   business   through   the   remaining 
The    certificates    are    issued    by     district     months  of  the  year.     This  view  is  con- 
boards,    which     must     be     composed     of     firmed  by  the  steady  growth  of  the  small 
"practical    miners,engaged    in   the    actual     construction  demand,  which  has  been  an 

important  feature  of  the  trade  for  sev- 
eral months  past.  Any  attempt  to  ad- 
vance prices,  however,  would  give  a 
serious  check  to  the  improving  tendency, 
and  the  best  judgment  is  that  none  will 
be  made. 


work  of  mining  coal."  The  result  is  that 
the  district  examining  boards  are  gen- 
erally composed  of  members  of  the  min- 
ers' union;  and  it  is  entirely  within  their 
powers  to  refuse  certificates  to  any  new 
comers. 

Under  these  circumstances  the  oper- 
ators apparently  realized  that  there  was 
no  hope  of  breaking  the  strike  by  non- 
union labor  from  other  States.  Their 
only  alternatives  were  surrender  or  loss 
of  trade,  and  they  chose  the  former.  An 
additional  cause,  of  which  little  has  been 
said,  was  the  strong  political  pressure 
brought  to  bear  in  favor  of  the  miners. 


Barometric  Pressure  and  Liberation 
o{  Firedamp 


The  curtailment  of  pig-iron  production 
made  a  little  further  progress  in  August, 
but  is  still  at  rather  a  high  point,  being 
now  at  the  rate  of  about  25,500,000  tons 
a  year.  The  reduction  in  make  has  been 
proportionately  greater  at  the  steel  works 
furnaces  than  at  the  merchant  furnaces. 
There  are  various  estimates  of  unsold 
or  imused  stocks;  the  most  reliable  put 
the  total  on  Sept.  1  at  1,900,000  tons,  of 
which  400,000  tons  were  held  by  steel 
companies  and  1,500,000  tons  by  mer- 
chant furnaces.     Nearly  two-thirds  of  the 


Steel  Corporation  Orders 


An  article  in  this  issue  that  should  be  last  named  quantify  was  at  Alabama  and 
read  carefully  by  every  colliery  engineer  Virginia  furnaces.  On  the  other  hand, 
is  "Barometric  Pressure  and  Liberation  stocks  in  the  users'  yards  are  known  to 
of  Firedamp,''  by  Mr.  Morin,  translated  be  everywhere  very  low,  short  buying 
from  a  recent  number  of  Annates  des  having  been  the  rule,  even  with  large  con- 
Mines.  This  pertains  to  a  subject  that  sumers.  Buyers  have  thrown  the  burden 
has  been  much  more  carefully  studied  of  carrying  stocks  on  the  producers,  as  in 
With     the     beginning    of    the    present     and      more      extensively      discussed      in  some  other  trades  this  year. 

quarter  the  United  States  Steel  Corpora-     Europe  than  in  this  country.  The  Journal  

tion  adopted  the  practice  of  reporting  the     has,  however,  during  the  last  four  or  five  The      speculative      movement      abroad 

total  of  unfilled  orders  on  its  books  each     years  published  many  contributions  about  which    for    a   short    time     carried    silver 

month,   instead   of  each   quarter,   as   for-     it,  and  has  emphasized  the  importance  of  above   25d.    in    London,   is   entirely   over, 

merly.     The  report  for  Sept.   1  gives  this     the  question.  and    prices   have   dropped    to   nearly   the 

total— including  all  kinds  of  material— at         Mr.  Morin  carried  on  his  investigations  level    which     prevailed     in     the     earlier 

3,537,128     tons,     which     compares     with     in   a  thoroughly   scientific   way.     His  re-  months  of  the  year.    The  exports  to  India 

3.970,931    tons  on   Aug.    1    and   4,257,794     port  is  admirable  for  its  lucidity  and  de-  are    fairly    steady,    and    during    the    past 

tons  on  July  1;  the  decreases  being  433..     velopment  of  conclusions  that  are  bound  week   some   new   buying    for   China   de- 

803   and   720,666   tons   respectively.      At     to  carry  weight  because  of  the  rationality  veloped.     The    present   prospect   is   that 

first  sight  this  looks  like  an  unfavorable     of  the  whole  study.  there  will  be  little  change  for  some  time 

trade  position,  but  perhaps  it  is  not  quite          Mr.   Morin  states  fiatly  that  there   is  a  to  come.     The  weak  point  is  in  the  large 

as    bad    as    it    looks.      New    business    in     relation  between  barometric  pressure  and  stocks  held  in  India  which  were  reported 

July  and  August  was  not  as  large  as  in     liberation  of  firedamp,  -that  gaseous  col-  on  Sept.    1    to   be   about    10,400,000  oz., 

some  other  months  of  the  year,  but  there     lieries  are  more  dangerous  under  certain  or  45  pe.   cent,  greater  than  a  year  ago. 

are  other  causes  to  be  considered.                  atmospheric  conditions  than  under  others.  Buying  power  in  India  is  good,  however, 

The  tendency  to  contract  for  short  de-     and  this  conclusion  is  reached  not  by  a  and  it  is  believed  that  these  stocks  will 

liveries  only   and   to  avoid  commitments     mere   comparison   of  the   coincidence  of  soon  be  absorbed. 


September  17.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


541 


CORRESPONDENCE  and  DISCUSSION 

Vie-ws,       S  u-g^cCe  s  t  i  o  n  s         -^ 
E  X  p  e  r  i  ences      of     Readers 


^ 


-j^      and 


Calculation    of    Recovery    in   Con- 
centration 


My  attention  has  been  drawn  to  the 
methods  for  detemiining  details  of  the 
results  of  concentration  proposed  by 
Messrs.  Theodore  J.  Hoover'  and  R.  S. 
Handy",  and  can  well  believe  that  Mr. 
Handy  was  able  to  determine  the  relative 
efficiency  of  different  types  of  concentra- 
tion tables  in  the  manner  he  describes, 
because  the  conditions  under  which  the 
tables  were  worked  were  identical  in  each 
case.  It  does  not,  however,  follow  that 
the  weights  of  the  ore  and  tailings  could 
be  accurately  determined  by  calculations 
based  upon  the  weight  of  samples  cut  by 
sampling  machines  which  may  be  set  to 
cut  a  certain  percentage,  more  or  less, 
of  the  material.  In  sampling  over  800 
tfins  of  ore,  slight  error  in  the  weight 
of  each  cut  would  lead  to  a  considerable 
error  in  the  total  estimated  weight,  and 
no  smelter  would  accept  such  a  method  of 
weighing  ore. 

Furthermore,  in  neither  discussion  has 
any  account  been  taken  of  floating  tail- 
ings. These  are  generally  of  higher  as- 
say value  than  the  sands  which  remain 
and  represent  a  certain  loss.  For  ex- 
ample: With  galena  ore,  once  ground, 
at  least  8  per  cent,  of  the  feed  will  be 
carried  off  during  concentration  and  this 
loss  will  increase  with  each  regrinding 
of  the  residues.  Hence  the  difficulty  in 
applying  the   formula. 

Handling  of  Quantities  of  Ore  Intro- 
duces Errors 

.Mr.  Handy's  experiments  appear  to 
have  been  made  with  a  considerable  ton- 
nage of  ore.  At  one  time  I  also  carried 
lut  numerous  experiments  in  concentra- 
tion on  a  large  scale,  believing  that  in 
this  manner  greater  accuracy  would  re- 
sult, but  the  difficulties  in  collecting, 
weighing  and  sampling  the  tailings  and 
rough  ore  in  a  satisfactory  manner  were 
50  great  that  it  was  impossible  to  avoid 
osses  of  considerable  magnitude.  The 
•■ollection,  weighing  and  sampling  of  sev- 
■ral  hundred  tons  of  tailings  of  greatly 
'arying  richness  is  extremely  difficult  and 
0  obtain  a  fair  average  sample  it  would 
>e  necessary  to  dry  and  thoroughly  mix 
he  material.  On  acoount  of  the  great 
lulk  of  the  rough  ore  and  the  tailings, 
n  comparison  with  the  concentrate,  any 
|rror  in  the  assays  of  these  will  render 

iv.;.  AM,  )iix    ,i,,i  iix.,  Aiii:.   i:i.   lillO. 
■\'.\':.    \\ii  MiN.  .TurjiN..  .Iniii'   II,    nun. 


useless    the    results    of    an    experiment 
based   on  them. 

Better  Results  Obtained  Using  Small 
Quantities 

It  appeared  that  more  reliable  samples 
might  be  obtained  in  using  a  less  quantity 
of  ore  or  experimenting  on  a  smaller 
scale  and  it  was  found  that  a  more  reli- 
able method  of  making  tests  in  concen- 
tration was  to  obtain  a  fair  average  sam- 
ple of  the  ore  after  crushing  and  to  cut 
this  down  to  about  100  lb.  and  then  con- 
centrate this  by  means  of  a  batea.  The 
batea  was  used  in  a  tank  of  water  with 
an  overflow  to  a  second  receptacle  for 
receiving  the  float  slimes;  in  this  manner 
the  concentrates  were  collected  in  the 
batea  and  the  sands  and  float  slimes  in 
the  two  tanks,  and  each  product  could  be 
collected  without  loss,  and  weighed,  sam- 
pled and  assayed.  By  taking  a  larger 
sample  of  ore  ani  dividing  it  into  several 
parcels  of  equal  assay  value  and  concen- 
trating these  to  different  degrees  of  rich- 
ness, the  extraction  percentage  could  be 
noted  in  each  case,  and  when  these  were 
plotted  to  scale  a  curve  was  formed,  giv- 
ing the  ratio  of  extraction  for  any  de- 
gree of  concentration  of  the  particular  ore 
under  consideration. 

Method  Gives  Reliable  Results 

The  above  method  of  testing  the  de- 
gree to  which  any  ore  may  be  concentrat- 
ed with  advantage  can  be  easily  carried 
out  at  a  small  expense,  and  will  give 
reliable  results  if  care  be  taken  in 
sampling  and  assaying,  and  the  whole 
operation  may  be  carried  out  by  one  per- 
son, preferably  the  assayer  or  manager  of 
a  mine.  There  is  no  necessity  to  assume 
anything,  the  results  being  as  accurate 
as  an  assay.  On  comparison  of  the  re- 
sults obtained  as  above  with  those  ob- 
tained in  thfe  mill  it  will  be  found  that  the 
loss  is  greater  in  the  mill. 

William  L.  Walton. 

Wembley,  Middlesex,  Eng.,  Aug.  24, 
1910. 


Mineral  Law   of   Texas 

In  references  to  the  notices  that  have 
appeared  concerning  proposed  changes  in 
the  mining  laws  of  Texas,  I  beg  to  say 
that  I  have  been  trying  to  get  the  gov- 
ernor to  recommend  to  the  legislature, 
changes  in  the  mineral  law,  especially 
relating  to  oil,  natural  gas  and  coal.  The 
requirements  of  an  absolute  purchase 
should  be  changed  to  that  of  a  royalty 
basis. 


Should  he  submit  the  question,  I  will 
endeavor  to  get  the  legislature  to  auth- 
orize the  leasing  of  lands  in  such  a  man- 
ner that  those  who  desire  to  develop, 
may  do  so  upon  a  royalty  basis. 

J.  T.  Robinson. 

Commissioner,  General  Land  Office, 
Austin,  Tex..  Aug.  3,  1910. 


Standards    of  Work 

The  suggestion  of  A.  Livingstone  Oke 
that  the  Journal  devote  an  occasional 
page  to  "standards  of  work"  and  that  its 
readers  will  help  by  sending  the  complete 
itemized  data  on  practical  operations,  is 
a  most  useful  one.  If  Mr.  Oke  had  started 
such  a  movement  by  giving  us  some  data 
ir  would  have  been  appreciated.  With 
the  hope  that  his  suggestion  will  be  fol- 
lowed by  others, 4  submit  the  averages  for 
the  last  three  months  for  La  Noria  De- 
velopment Company's  mine,  Sombrerete 
district,  Zacatecas,  Mex.  There  is  noth- 
ing to  boast  about  in  the  figures.  They 
probably  represent  the  average  for  a 
poorly  paid  Mexican  camp  where  the 
miners,  for  some  generations,  have  been 
allowed  to  have  pretty  much  their  own 
way. 

Conditions  in  Sombrerete  District 

The  country  rock  is  a  shaly  lime  con- 
taining considerable  silica,  moderately 
hard,  but  in  places  quite  soft.  The  vein, 
in  which  90  per  cent,  of  the  work  is  done, 
is  either  solid  quartz  or  recrystallized  and 
silicifled  country  rock,  this  being  about  as 
hard  as  ordinary  fresh  granite.  About  a 
fifth  part  of  the  work  is  done  in  the 
quartz.  All  drilling  is  by  contract  and  by 
double-hammer,  with  a  single  pair  of 
workmen  to  a  face.  The  air  is  good;  alti- 
tude, 7500  ft.  The  average  daily  earning 
lor  the  period  taken  here  was  1.12  pesos. 
We  pay  40  pesos  per  meter  for  faces  ia 
the  solid  quartz,  and  20  pesos  for  the 
softest  ground,  with  2  pesos  more  for 
mucking  in  each  case.  The  men  work 
harder  and  make  less  on  the  hard  ground 
than  on  the  soft. 

Cost  Data 

The  averages  given  in  the  .tccompany- 
ing  tables  include  three  faces,  nme  cross- 
cuts, two  raises  and  two  winzes.  One 
winze  and  one  raise  were  in  rock  softer 
than  the  average.  The  faces  aie  about 
1.5x2.0  m.  (5x6'<  ft.),  the  crosscuts  1.3x 
1.9  m.  (4  ft.  3  in.  by  6  ft.  3  in.),  and  the 
raises  and  winzes  1.5x1.3  m.  (5x454  ft.) 
The  labor  item  forthis  work  includes  muck- 


542 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


ing.  Three  holes  60  to  80  cm.  deep  are 
generally  considered  a  shift's  work  for  a 
pair  of  men.  The  powder  is  40  per  cent., 
Mexican  make.  The  candles  are  the 
small,  tallow,  Mexican  sort,  three  of 
which  are  about  equivalent  to  one  such 
as  is  used  in  the  States.  It  will  be  no- 
ticed that  the  average  length  of  fuse  used 
is  1    ft.   10  in.     Yet  no  one  here  can  re- 


TAHLE   I. 


COST   PER  METER  Ot 
.\D  VANCE. 


_; 

H  r: 

■ji  cj 

il 

5  ° 

■3 

38 

si 

q^ 

3 

o 

H 

1" 
< 

Faces 

13.8 

46 

83 

81 

23.80 

30.46 

5.13 

Cross- 

cuts. .  . 

11.0 

.51 

S.5 

t)7 

22.lt 

27.70 

5.59 

Raises. .  . 

.5.8 

■?.(, 

HO 

Hl 

17.  oC 

2.5 .  30 

5.93 

Winzes .  . 

9.3 

24 

81 

62 

19. 2t 

27.30 

5.76 

Aver- 

ages. . . 

10.0 

42 

77 

68 

21.15 

28.50 

5.42 

T.ABLE  II.     COST  PER  FOOT  OF  ADVANCE. 


a  ■= 


Face.s..  . 

Cross- 
cut.s. . 

Rai.'^es. . 

Winzes . 
-Aver- 
ages. . 


4.21 

3.35 

1.77 
2.84 

3.05 


14.025.3 

1.5.. 525. 9 


S.O 
13.4 


18.3 

24.7 


12.8 


23. 


24. 

20.4 
18.6 
18.9 

20.7 


S3. 63 

3.37 
2.67 
2,92 

3.23 


S4.65 

4.23 
3.87 
4.17 

4.3.= 


0.  0) 


0.167 

0,196 
0.194 
0.189 


member  when  anyone  was  hurt  because 
of  short  fuse,  although  a  large  part  of  the 
miners  here  have  spent  all  their  lives  in 
this  one  mine. 

Arthur  O.  Christensen. 
Sombrerete,  Zac,  Mex.,  Aug.  27,  1910. 


?  ||QUESTI0NS-"^ANSWERS|"^ 


China  Clay  Deposit 
I  should  like  more  information  regard- 
ing the  china-clay  deposit  mentioned  by 
R.  F.  B.  in  his  inquiry  published  in  the 
Journal,  Sept.  3,  as  I  have  clients  who 
desire  to  secure  such  a  deposit  near 
Washington  or  Baltimore.  Will  R.  F.  B. 
kindly  write  the  Journal,  giving  addition- 
al data  regarding  his  property  and  the 
nature  of  his  deposit? 

R.  K.  M. 

Value  of  Celestite  Deposit 
Will  you  kindly  inform  me  through  the 
columns    of   the   Journal   what    are    the 
uses  and  value  of  the  mineral  celestite. 

W.  L.  R. 
There  is  but  a  limited  market  for  stron- 
tium minerals  and  especially  for  celestite, 
the  strontium  sulphate.  Celestite  is  spar- 
ingly used  in  pyrotechnics  for  making 
red    fire,   although    for   this   purpose    the 


nitrate,  carbonate  and  chlorate  and  the 
strontium-potassium  chlorate  are  much 
more  used.  The  carbonate  is  also  used 
in  making  iridescent  glass.  '  The  hydrate 
is  largely  used  in  the  preparation  of  beet 
sugar,  and  in  the  separation  of  crystal- 
lizable  sugar  from  molasses.  The  use  of 
this  compound  depends  upon  the  property 
of  the  oxide  and  hydrate  of  strontium  to 
form  saccharates,  which  are  readily  de- 
composed by  carbon  dioxide.  Stron- 
tium hydrate  is  said  to  be  preferable 
to  lime  for  use  in  sugar  manufacture  as 
the  saccharate  of  strontium  is  more  gran- 
ular than  that  of  lime.  The  acetate,  ar- 
senite,  bromide,  iodide,  phosphate,  lactate 
and  strontium  caffeine  sulphonate  are 
used  in  medicine.  The  chloride  is  some- 
times used  in  alcoholic  solution  toproduce 
red  flames;  the  monosulphide  in  luminous 
paints,  because  of  the  phosphorescent 
properties,  and  the  hydrated  dioxide  for 
bleaching.  The  peroxide,  one  of  the  later 
productions  of  the  electric  furnace,  is 
used  as  an  oxidizing  agent  for  organic 
compounds. 

Analysis  of  Bauxite 
What   is   the    approximate    analysis   of 
American   bauxite,   especially  that   which 
is  mined  and  sold  in  the  Southern  States? 

J.  G. 
The  pure  mineral  bauxite  contains  73.9 
per  cent.  ALO.  and  26.1  per  cent.  H.O. 
The  commercial  bauxite  of  Georgia 
varies  between  wide  limits  as  follows: 
A1..0.,  49  to  62  per  cent.;  Fe=0,„  2  to  5; 
SiO.,  2  to  10;  TiO.,  I  to  3;  and  H.O,  19 
to  32  per  cent. 

Hard   and   Refined   Platinum 

In  the  Journal,  prices  are  quoted  for 
"refined  platinum"  and  "hard  metal;" 
will  you  kindly  explain  the  meaning  of 
these  terms?  Does  "refined  platinum" 
refer  to  the  cast  and  rolled  sheets,  wire, 
etc.,  or  to  platinum  reduced  chemically 
to   the    form   of  platinum    sponge? 

L.    P.    M. 

By  "refined  platinum"  is  meant  plat- 
inum in  the  form  of  ingot.  Manufactured 
forms  sell  at  an  advance  over  the  ingot 
price  dependent  upon  the  nature  of  the 
article.  "Hard  metal"  is  the  trade  name 
for  iridio-platinum,  which  contains  from 
5  to  25  per  cent,  iridium,  the  amount 
being  usually  from  10  to  15  per  cent. 
Iridium  has  the  property  of  hardening 
platinum,  and  increasing  the  wearing 
qualities.  The  principal  use  for  hard 
platinum  is  for  making  electrical'  contact 
points  and  also  in  the  manufacture  of 
crucibles.  "Ordinary"  platinum,  is  com- 
mercially pure,  although  not  chemically 
pure.  There  is  always  a  trace  or  more 
of  iridium  in  commercial  platinum,  but 
the  small  quantity  present  does  not  affect 
the  hardness  to  any  appreciable  extent. 
Chemically  pure  platinum  is  not  used  ex- 
cept for  delicate  scientific  research,  in 
which  the  presence  of  foreign  elements 
would  i".terfere   with  accuracy. 


Operations  at  the  Tooele  Smelting 
Works 


Salt  Lake  Correspondence 


Four  of  the  five  reverberatory  fur- 
naces at  the  International  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  plant  have  been  fired, 
and  three  furnaces  are  smelting.  Smelt- 
ing began  13  months  after  the  railroad 
was  extended  to  the  site.  The  plant  was 
constructed  within  the  appropriation  of 
S3,000,000,  and  there  have  been  but  few 
mechanical  troubles  or  complications  in 
beginning  the  new  work.  The  first  fur- 
nace was  started  July  24,  and  slag  was 
tapped  Aug.  15.  Matte  was  drawn  Aug. 
27.  Two  converters  blew  this  to  blister 
copper,  which  was  poured  into  molds 
formerly  used  at  the  Highland  Boy.  The 
first  copper  is  to  be  made  into  souvenirs. 

Twelve  of  the  thirty-two  McDougal 
roasters  are  furnishing  calcines  for  the 
furnaces,  and  more  are  being  started. 
Each  furnace,  when  running  at  full  ca- 
pacity, requires  eight  roasters  to  supply 
it.  Twenty-two  of  the  roasters  from  the 
Highland  Boy  are  installed  in  the  Mc- 
Dougal building,  the  other  10  being  new. 

The  building  of  the  plant  required 
9000  tons  of  steel,  2500  tons  of  which 
came  from  the  Highland  Boy  plant. 
About  200.000  cu.yd.  of  dirt  were  ex- 
cavated, and  26,000  cu.yd.  of  plain  and 
reinforced  concrete  used  in  the  power 
house,  buildings  and  foundations.  The 
350- ft.  stack  required    1,850,000  brick. 

The  waste  heat  from  the  gases  be- 
tween the  furnaces  and  the  stack  is 
utilized  for  making  steam.  In  front  of 
four  of  the  five  furnaces  in  the  re- 
verberatory building  are  750  h.p.  Sterl- 
ing boilers.  At  present  two  of  these  boil- 
ers are  being  used.  The  smaller  hand- 
fired  boilers  will  be  dispensed  with  short- 
ly and  held  in  reserve. 

Up  to  the  present,  Utah  Consolidated 
ore  only  has  been  used.  The  tramway 
delivered  an  average  of  700  tons  per  day 
for  the  week  ended  Aug.  27.  Approx- 
imately 100  tons  per  hour,  or  the  normal 
capacity  of  the  tram,  have  been  delivered 
for  eight  or  nine  hours,  but  this  has  not 
been  kept  up  owing  to  buckets  working 
loose  on  the  Bingham  side,  and  to  va- 
rious other  rough  edges,  which  are  being 
rounded  into  shape.  Concentrates  from 
the  South  Utah  Mines  and  Smelters, 
which  started  its  mill  Sept.  2,  will  soon 
be  received.  This  company  is  under 
contract  to  deliver  100  tons  of  ore  or 
concentrates  daily,  when  the  mill  has 
been  brought  up  to  capacity. 

The  International  is  employing  a  num- 
ber of  men  from  Butte  at  the  reverber- 
atorics  and  converters,  and  has  also  on 
its  payroll  men  who  formerly  worked  at 
the  Yampa  and  Highland  Boy.  When  the 
plant  is  in  full  commission,  the  capacity 
will  be  about  1200  tons  per  day. 


September  17.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


543 


C.  H.  Repath  is  the  engineer  in  charge 
of  the  work,  E.  P.  Mathewson  is  general 
manager  and  H.  N.  Thompson  is  super- 
intendent of  the  plant. 

August  Operations  o    Goldfield 
Consolidated 

The  preliminary  report  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines 
Company  for  August,  1910,  shows  that 
24,170  dry  tons,  representing  a  gross  value 
of  S889,968,  were  mined.  According  to 
this  information  the  tonnage  mined  in 
August  was  increased  by  2365  tons,  rep- 
resenting an  increase  of  $59,334  in  gross 
receipts,  over  that  mined  in  July.  The  aver- 
age grade  of  the  ore  mined  was,  however, 
only  1.78  oz.  gold  per  ton  as  against  ore 
averaging  1.84  oz.  per  ton  mined  in  July. 

Results  of  Milling  Operations 

The  performance  of  the  mill  in  August 
was  as  follows:  Dry  tons  milled,  24,170; 
average  value  per  ton,  $36.82;  total  value, 
SS89,968;  loss  in  tailings,  858,453;  total 
realized,  .S831,515;  percentage  extracted, 
'•3.43.    The  extraction  fell  off  from  that 


Developments 

J.  R.  Finlay,  general  manager,  of  the 
Goldfield  Consolidated,  states  that  the 
mine  looks  well.  The  total  advance  in 
exploration  work  for  August  is  given  as 
3297  ft.,  divided  as  follows:  Combina- 
tion shaft,  476  ft.;  Mohawk  shaft,  1086 
ft.;  Red  Top  shaft,  227  ft,;  Laguna  shaft, 
259  ft.;  Clermont  shaft,  1249  ft.;  total, 
3297  ft.  New  ore  was  taken  from  the 
main  levels  as  follows:  Combination 
180-ft.  level,  285  tons  averaging  5.95  oz. 
per  ton;  380-ft.  level,  215  tons  averaging 
1.06  oz.;  Mohawk,  350-ft.  level,  198  tons 
averaging  1.54  oz.;  450-ft.  level,  95  tons 
.averaging  0.41  oz.;  600-ft.  level,  255  tons 
averaging  0.64  oz.;  Clermont,  750-ft. 
level,  10  tons  averaging  2.40  oz. ;  Laguna, 
600-ft.  level,  125  tons  averaging  0.48  oz. ; 
total,  1183  tons  averaging  2.14  oz  per  ton. 
The  showing  of  the  Combination  was  par- 
ticularly good,  resulting  in  the  opening  of 
the  Hampton  orebody  at  the  bottom  level 
of  that  mine.  A  stope  is  being  opened 
there  that  promises  to  be  a  good  one. 

Ore  in   Mohawk   Irregular 
At  the  Mohawk  mine  the  developments 
are  reported  to  continue  with  fair  success 


Life  of  Rand  Mines 


Johannesburg  Correspondemce 


Aff.f.ST  PRODUCTION. 


^VL■t  Ton.-i. 

Dry  Tons, 

Oz.  per 
Ton. 

Value. 

4,875 
8,313 
4,022 
8,077 

4641 
7,913 
3,929 

7,687 

1.50 
1.29 
2.06 
2.31 

SI 44  400 

210,855 
167,448 
367,265 

Red  Top 

Clermoni  .  .                                                                   .  . 

25,287 

24,170 

1.78 

$889,968 

attained  in  the  three  months  preceding 
which  figures  were:  May,  95.2  per  cent.; 
June,  95.47;   July,  94.03. 


AUGU.ST  EXPENSES. 

.\mount.  PerTon. 
Bullion  tax  and  market  iuK 

bullion Sie.OOO 

.Administration,  etc 16,000 

Total  general 332,000       SI. 32 

MininK 80,000         3 .  :J1 

Tran.sporlation 3,300         0. 14 

MillinK  and  cy- 

anidiiiK S.i8,200 

.Marki-lini;  con- 
cent rate  resi- 
dues    9.800  67,800  2.81 

.  Construction 25,000         1  03 

Net  cost S20S.ino       $8.61 

Loss  in  tailings 58,453         2.42 

Total  costs  and  lo.s.'ips $268,.553     Sll  .0, 

A  profit  of  $25.79  per  ton  was  realized 
fiom  treating  ore  of  a  value  of  $36.82 
per  ton. 

The  total  profit  for  August  was  $623,- 
415  or  $49,400  more  than  that  realized  in 
July.  In  July  the  percentage  of  profit 
was  only  69.1 1  as  against  70.05  in  August. 
In  August  for  the  first  time  since  March 
the  mine  produced  approximately  full 
tonnage.  This  might  have  been  reached 
in  July  except  for  some  shortage  of  wa- 
ter. The  management  states  that  there  is 
no  reason  to  expect  any  shortage  in  the- 
future. 


between  the  Mohawk  proper  and  the  Red 
Top.  One  stope,  particularly,  on  the  350- 
ft.' level,  near  the  Mohawk  shaft,  has 
been  very  promising.  On  the  main  level 
the  ore  was  barely  of  pay  grade,  but  as 
soon  as  stoping  on  it  was  begun  a  great 
improvement  was  noted.  It  is  fair  to  say 
that  the  orebodies  in  this  particular  tract 
are  irregular,  and  it  is  difficult  to  know 
just  what  importance  to  attach  to  them. 
However,  it  is  certain  that  large  amounts 
of  ore  will  be  mined  from  bodies  that 
have  been  partially  opened  up  during  the 
last  three  months. 

At  the  Laguna  shaft  a  small  orebody 
of  rather  low  grade  has  been  encountered. 
The  level  now  being  opened  in  this  mine 
is  2,30  ft.  vertically  bclnw  the  bottom  level 
of  the  Red  Top,  so  that  any  ore  opened 
will  indicate  a  considerable  tonnage.  At 
the  Clermont  no  ore  of  consequence  was 
discovered  during  August.  Some  promis- 
ing showings  have  been  encountered  re- 
cently, but  the  management  states  that 
it  is  too  early  to  report  on  them  definitely. 
Construction  work  is  stated  to  be  pro- 
gressing satisfactorily  at  both  mine  and 
mill  and  the  entire  plant  is  said  to  be  in 
good  condition.  It  is  expected  that  the 
completion  of  work  now  on  hand  will,  in 
the  course  of  two  months,  substitute  some 
economies  for  the  expense  of  construc- 
tion. 


Lionel  Phillips,  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  house  of  Eckstein,  has  been  lecturing 
on  the  Rand  gold  deposits.  He  empha- 
sized the  probability  of  further  discover- 
ies of  gold-bearing  reef  on  the  Witwaters- 
rand  and  stated  that,  in  his  opinion,  the 
part  already  discovered  could  not  be  ex- 
hausted within  the  present  century.  Mr. 
Phillips  is,  of  course,  entitled  to  his 
opinions,  but  those  who  are  familiar  with 
the  history  of  metal  mining  know  that 
mining  fields,  though  their  lives  are  often 
prolonged  by  the  cheapening  of  costs, 
must  eventually  become  exhausted. 
There  are  too  many  deserted  camps  in 
America,  Australia,  Europe  and  else- 
where  to  allow  one   to   ignore   this   fact. 

Results  of  Deep  Mining  Uncertain 

The  average  life  of  about  three-fourths 
of  the  present  producers  on  the  Rand 
is  only  about  1 1  years.  The  Crown  mine 
and  East  Rand  Proprietary  mines  will 
be  worked  out  in  30  or  40  years  at  pres- 
ent rates  of  production,  and  with  regard 
to  mining  at  great  depths,  it  is  really  not 
known  if  if  be  either  practicable  or  profit- 
able. It  may  reasonably  be  expected  that 
it  will  be  possible  to  mine  to  7000  ft.  or 
over,  but  whether  there  will  be  gold  suffi- 
cient to  render  it  profitable  is  not 
known.  Profits  from  the  deep  mines 
around  Gemiiston,  the  Simmer,  East  Sim- 
mer Deep,  Jupiter  and  Knights  Central 
have  been  most  discouraging.  Thn 
Village  Deep  and  Robinson  Deep  have  not 
fulfilled  first  expectations.  On  the  other 
hand,  rich  ore  has  been  met  with  in  the 
City  Deep  at  about  3000  ft.,  and  ore  of 
average  grade  in  the  Brakpan  mines  and 
Cinderella  Deep,  below  4000  ft.  But,  as 
the  rate  of  production  is  increasing,  one 
is  safe  in  predicting  that  in  15  or  20 
years  there  will  be  little  payable  ore  re- 
maining above  the  4000-ft.  level  on  those 
portions  of  the  Rand  already  developed. 

Rock  Temperatures  on  the  Rand 

James  Aloir,  recently  elected  president 
of  the  Chemical,  Metallurgical  and  Mining 
Society  of  South  Africa,  stated  in  a  recent 
address  that  according  to  the  latest  re- 
searches, employing  data  obtained  by 
Weichert  and  Schwartz,  the  rock  tem- 
peratures at  depth  on  the  Rand  would  be 
as  follows:  1000  ft.,  70  dcg.  F.;  3000  ft., 
77'/.  deg.  P.;  ,5000  ft.,  84  deg.  P.;  7000  ft.i 
90  deg.  P.;  9000  ft.,  95  deg.  F.  He  con- 
siders that  at  depths  of  over  4000  ft.  arti- 
ficial ventilation  on  a  proper  scale  will  be 
necessary,  for  unless  the  ventilation  Is 
good  the  workings  will  attain  a  wet-bulb 
temperature  about  the  same  as  the  rock 
and  the  working  efficiency  of  miners  rap- 
idly falls  off  at  a  temperature  above  80 
deg.  F.  (wet  bulb). 


544 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17.  1910. 


fm  DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

^Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as' 
L arge  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Framing  Rough  Timbers    for 
Mine  Sets 


By  a.   Livingstone   Oke* 


It  is  frequently  the  case  in  remote  dis- 
tricts that  rough  round  timber  only  is 
available  for  mining  purposes,  and  one 
has  to  make  the  best  of  it.  Under  certain 
conditions  the  use  of  the  arrangement 
shown  in  the  accompanying  sketch  will 
be  found  of  advantage,  as  by  its  use,  no 
matter  how  irregular  the  timber  available, 
shaft  sets  may  be  framed  so  that  thev 
will  be  true  to  the  dimensions  chosen 
and  have  a  workman-like  appearance. 

A   bench  or  platform  is  built  up  to  a 


Form  for  Framing  Rough  Mi.ne  Timbers 

convenient  hight  for  working  with  a  saw. 
The  inside  outline  of  the  timber  set  is 
marked  off  on  the  platform  with  chalk 
or  paint  lines,  the  center  line  is  also  laid 
off,  and  if  desired,  a  suitable  outside 
dimension.  On  the  inside,  dimension 
pegs  A  are  placed,  two  to  each  member 
of  the  set.  Holes  D  are  also  made  in  the 
platform  in  which  pegs  may  be  put  'O 
hold  wedges  against  the  outside  of  the 
timber  when  working  at  it. 

Framing  is  started  on  the  left-hand  leg, 
two  temporary  pegs  C  being  put  in  where 
later  the  sill-piece  half  check  will  come. 
The  cap  is  next  framed  and  last  of  all 
the  sill  piece.  To  aid  in  marking  off  the 
half  check,  a  long,  flat  straight-edge  is 
held  up  against  the  inside  pegs;  it  is 
made  as  wide  as  the  proposed  half-check 
dimensions  X.  When  the  set  is  com- 
plete, nails  fl  are  driven  in  the  cap  and 
the  sill  to  mark  the   exact  centers.     In 


the  case  of  a  shaft  set  both  the  centers 
of  the  wall  plates  and  of  the  end  plates 
are  marked  with  nails  driven  fully  in. 

Erection  of  Drift  Sets 
In  erecting  a  set  in  a  drift  the  sill  is 
first  placed  in  position,  being  lined  off 
by  the  nails  in  the  previous  set  and  firmly 
fixed  by  wedging  at  the  ends.  The  hight 
of  the  sill  is  laid  off  by  a  straight-edge 
from  the  nearest  set  in  place,  allowing 
the  proper  grade.  The  sill  being  in  place 
and  firmly  wedged,  the  legs  and  cap  are 
put  up.  A  plumb-bob  is  hung  from  the 
nail  in  the  cap  and  the  point  is  made  to 
coincide  with  the  nail  in  the  sill  by  driv- 
ing wedges  behind  the  legs  on  each  side. 
By  using  this  care  in  placing  timbering, 
the  inside  of  the  set  will  present  a  neat 
appearance  in  spite  of  all  differences  in 
the  size  and  quality  of  the  timber  used. 


f  then   the   assay   of  the   entire   original 
pile  is: 

It  will  be  noted  that  while  A  and  D.  B 
and  E,  and  C  and  F  must  be  similar 
units,  it  is  by  no  means  necessary  that 
D.  E  or  F  be  the  same  units,  one  may  be 
pounds,  another  ounces  and  the  third 
grams. 


Apparatus  for  Exploding  Gas  in 
Tunnels 

E.  F.  Scattergood  describes  an  appar- 
atus that  has  been  devised  for  explodim? 
gas  in  the  long  tunnels  of  the  Los  A.igeles 
aqueduct'  where  gas  has  been  encoun- 
tered.    Considerable   amounts  of  explo- 


g^ 


<00  Turns  N'o.  IS  D.  CO  Wire  [       ^^/^ 


■^^Z^SZSZl 


iW^Hard  ilaple  Block  J   Wrt.  Icon  Pipe 

Sparking  Device  for  Exploding  Gas  in  Tunnels 


^i  HaTd  M.aple  Block 


A  Short  Formula  for  Samples 
Containing  Metallics 

By  Donald  M.  Liddell* 


It  is  necessar>'  occasionally  to  sample 
material  containing  large  quantities  of 
metallics,  such  as  reverberatory  slags, 
where  with  successive  crushings  the 
metallic  portion  must  be  thrown  out.  If 
it  be  assumed  that  the  metallics  are 
homogeneous,  the  accompanying  formula 
may  be  useful. 

Let  the  weights  of  metallics  taken  out 
at  successive  crushings  be  represented  by 
A,  B  and  C,  and  the  corresponding  weights 
of  tnaterial  not  metallics  by  D,  £  and  F; 
then  the  total  percentage  of  metallics  is: 
DBF 


<•' 


A  +  n"^  B  +  E^  C  + 


>)• 


•Jflnlnir    pmrliioor.    Umlci).    Snn    .Iiinii.    .\r 
gonttnn. 


If  C  and   F  be   the   final   metallics   and 
pulp,  and  their  separate  assays  are  c  and 

•riivissolll.    Ind. 


sive  gas  have  at  times  developed  in  one 
of  the  long  tunnels  that  run  through  an 
oil  district.  In  order  to  protect  the  men 
from  danger  of  explosion,  electric  spark- 
ing devices  have  been  designed  and  in- 
stalled for  exploding  the  gas  while  the 
workins;s  are  clear  of  men.  The  accom- 
panying illustration  shows  the  details  of 
the  construction  of  the  apparatus. 

The  sparkers  may  be  used  either  with 
alternating  or  direct  current;  direct  cur- 
rent is  used  on  the  Los  Angeles  aque- 
duct and  the  sparkers  are  regulated  by 
means  of  a  switch  outside  of  the  tunnel. 
They  are  absolutely  positive  in  their  ac- 
tion and  cannot  fail  if  properly  trimmed 
when  the  miners  leave  the  tunnel.  Sev- 
eral times  gases  have  been  exploded  with 
these  sparkers.  and  after  the  explosions 
they  have  usually  been  found  intact. 
Several  may  he  used  in  a  tunnel  where 
gases  are  encountered,  so  that  an  opportun- 
ity may  be  given  for  extra  trials  before 
men    are    allowed    to    enter   the    tunnel. 

'/Tot-.,  A.  I.  i;.  F...  Aug..  inin. 


September  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


545 


These  sparkers  would,  in  many  instances, 
be  applicable  for  use  in  mines,  and 
through  iheir  use  lives  might  be 
saved  as  there  would  be  no  necessity  of 
sendini;  men  into  portions  of  a  mine  to 
find   out   if  explosive  gas  exists  there. 


Hand  Bell  Signal  Wiring 


By  Guy  C.  Stoltz 


splicing  and  as  longer  wire  is  required 
on  sinking,  the  winch  has  a  supply.  Hand 
rings  for  signaling  are  clamped  to  the 
wire  at  each  station.  The  wire  is  guided 
through  the  shaft  by  passing  between  sets 
of  ZYz-Xn.  pulleys  placed  in  an  iron  frame. 
This  frame  is  secured  to  the  shaft  tim- 
bers. The  counterweight  is  attached 
to  the  triangle  in  the  headframe  and  is 
varied   in  amount  as   required. 


The  disadvantages  of  hand  signaling 
are:  The  difficulties  presented  in  coun- 
terbalancing the  long  line  of  bell  wire 
necessary  to  reach  the  lowest  levels  in  the 
shaft;  in  guiding  the  wire  through  the 
shaft  over  the  several  angles  to  the  sta- 
tions and  to  the  hoist  house  with  the 
least  friction;  and  in  keeping  the  system 
taut  to  eliminate  all  possible  lost  motion. 


Cooling  a  Hot  Journal  Bearing 

B^    W.  F.  BOERICKE* 

One  of  the  journal  bearings  of  a  heavy 
direct-connected  generator,  often  subject 
to  overload,  gave  much  trouble  by  heat- 
ing, necessitating  frequent  shutdowns  to 
cool  off,  with  consequent  delay  and  loss 


){     ';     ;  o||^2"x';' 


Gultles  for  Bell 
Wire  through  Sliaft 


Guide  for 
Skip   — 

Wire  down 
-    Shaft 


Counter- 
weigh* 


Arrangement  at  Shaft  House 

/■'..  F.nttinrtrinQ  ^Mining  Jttwnat 


Arrangement  of  Signal-bell  Wiring   at  Port  He.nry,  New  York 


The  system  installed  must  be  positive  and 
hand  ringing  should  accompany  every 
electric  bell  or  light-signaling  installa- 
tion. 

In  the  accompanying  illustration  a  sa- 
tisfactory method  of  rigging  is  shown. 
The  strap  of  spring  steel  introduced  be- 
fore the  gong' does  away  with  any  lost 
motion  to  the  gong  and  keeps  the  w-ire 
taut  to  the  counterbalanced  triangle  at 
the  headframe.  Here  the  wire  is  kept 
on  a  winch  and  the  necessary  length  is 
guided  over  a  small  pulley  to  prevent 
kinks,  and  down  the  shaft  by  cranking 
the  winch.  A  grip  is  clamped  to  the  wire 
after  the  required  length  has  been  un- 
reeled, and  this,  bearing  against  the 
triangle,  makes  the  wire  fast.  In  this 
way  the  wire  is  kept  one  length  with  no 

•MiiiiliL'   t'li^iiK'cr.    Mitif\nh',    .\.    V. 


of  power  underground.  No  adjustment 
or  lubrication  did  more  than  relieve  it 
temporarily.  Finally  the  head  engineer 
had  a  2-in.  collar  keyed  on  the  end  of 
the  shaft  about  four  inches  from  the 
journal  bearing.  Four  'i-in.  holes  were 
bored  radially  through  the  collar  into 
which  were  screwed  iron  rods.  To  the 
ends  of  the  rods  were  bolted  small  fans 
of  tin.  three  inches  across  and  six  inches 
long,  turned  at  45  deg.  The  fan  thus 
improvised  has  a  sweep  of  about  14  in. 
across  the  full  side  of  the  journal  and 
when  the  generator  was  working  a  strong 
current  of  air  played  constantly  upon  it. 
This  had  the  desired  effect  of  keeping 
the  journal  cool  and  resulted  in  a  con- 
siderable saving  of  oil,  with  a  total  ab- 
sence of  further  trouble. 

♦far.'    iif    Miniii    &     I.lndeu     Mluing    Com- 
pan.v.    .Mineral    i'oint.    Wis. 


A    Convenient    Fire    Hydrant 

Mine  buildings  should  always  be  well 
protected  from  destruction  by  fire  by  the 
establishment  and  maintenance  of  numer- 
ous hydrants  at  points  of  advantage  about 
the  works.  In  addition  to  reels  of  hose, 
fitted  with  nozzles,  and  always  ready  for 
instant  use,  with  buckets  and  barrels 
filled  with  water  at  hand  inside  the  build- 
ings, there  should  be  hydrants  outside 
with  as  high  a  head  of  water  available  as 
possible.  The  location  of  these  hydrants 
should  be  sufficiently  near  to  make  it 
possible  to  throw  a  stream  upon  the  high- 
est part  of  the  adjacent  buildings,  but  not 
so  close  to  them  that  in  case  of  a  fire 
gaining  considerable  headway,  a  man 
would  be  forced  to  abandon  the  hydrant, 
by  reason  of  the  heat.  The  buildings 
should  he  protected  by  these  hydrants  on 
all   sides. 

A  convenient  and  cheap  hydrant  for 
fire   purposes   may   be   made    from   3-in. 


XVifl  £Hffinre>-i<tff  f  Mininff  Journal 


Fire  Hydrant  for  Use  About  Mine  and 
Mill  Buildings 

pipe,  a  suitable  valve  (straight-way  pre- 
ferred), and  two  elbows.  The  nozzle  can 
be  made  from  a  piece  of  the  same  kind 
of  pipe,  having  one  end  drawn  down 
to  a  discharge  of  proper  diameter,  this 
depending  upon  the  head  and  volume  of 
water  available.  The  pipe  and  elbows 
should  have  long  and  deep  threads.  Some 
of  the  joints  should  be  screwed  up  tight 
and  the  others  left  loose,  so  that  the  pipe 
may  be  moved  about  readily,  and  the 
nozzle  pointed  in  any  desired  direction. 
The  accompanying  sketch  indicates  the 
character  of  the  arrangement  here  de- 
scribed. The  valve  should  be  fitted  with  a 
large  handwheel,  so  that  it  may  be  opened 
or  closed  when  necessary,  speedily  and 
without  the  aid  of  a  wrench.  When  not 
in  use  the  pipes  can  be  moved  about 
easily,  and  the  nozzle  will  hang  down 
in   a   vertical   position   as   shown,   but   as 


546 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


soon  as  the  water  pressure  is  turned  on 


Factors  Controlling  Curvature 


are  useful  in  causing  the  hole  to  change 


it  at  once  becomes  rigid,  and  considerable  Jhe  next  practical  step,  if  inclined  drill  more    or    less    rapidly.      I    refer    to    the 

force   is  required  to  handle  it.     Another  holes   are   to   be   used    with   the   greatest  clearance  given  the  diamonds  on  the  bit, 

point,  too  often  neglected,  is  a  frequent  success  for  prospecting,  is  the  control  of  '''■e  size  of  the  core  barrel,  and  the  pres- 

trial  of  the  fire  equipment,  to  see  that  it  curvature    so    that    the    hole    may    pass  sure  put  upon  the  rods, 

is  in  working  order.  through  any  given   point   at   depth.     Of  Fig.    1    shows   the   curves   which   it   is 


Curing  a  Leak   in    a   Steam    Pipe 


The  accompanying  illustration  shows  a 
repair  made  on  a  leaky  steam  pipe 
which,  according  to  Power,  has  held 
for  several  months.  The  leak  was  at  A, 
where  there  was  copper  calking.  The 
clamp  B  is  a  J.s-in.  iron  rod,  bent  to  the 
shape  of  a  horseshoe,  with  both  ends 
threaded.  It  was  passed  through  holes 
in  a  piece  of  strap-iron,  J^s  and  2l4x]2 
in.   then  the  nuts  were  put  on  and  drawn 


tigi't.  The  clamp  C  was  put  on  in  the 
same  way,  the  only  difference  being  in 
the  size  of  the  rod,  which  was  1  in.  Then 
the  copper  was  put  in  and  clamp  C  tight- 
ene  ■  and  the  copper  calked. 


Controlling    the   Curvature    of 
Diamond  Drill   Holes 


By  Edwin  Ellis  White* 

Several  articles  have  been  published 
during  the  last  few  years  upon  the  curva- 
ture of  diamond  drill  holes  and  methods 
c.'"  surveying  them.  It  is  well  known  that 
all  inclined  drill  holes  do  not  follow  a 
straight  line,  but  change  their  inclination, 
often  quite  rapidly.  Even  vertical  holes 
often  deviate  considerably  if  they  attain 
much  depth.  Methods  of  surveying  drill 
holes,  and  particularly  of  obtaining  the 
dip  of  a  drill  hole  at  any  given  point,  have 
been  studied  carefully  and  brought  to  a 
considerable  degree  of  perfection.  The 
method  used  by  the  Cleveland-Cliffs  Iron 
Company  has  been  described  by  James  E. 
Jopling.' 


•MlnlnB  pnglncpr.  Olevelnnd  Cliffs  lion 
Compan.v.    IshpcmlnK.   Mloh. 

'Tnnm.  I.nkp  Siippiloi-  MIiilnR  Instltiilc 
j»il!l.    nnrl    Kxr:.    axu    Min.    .Toi'iiN..    Fob.     l!), 


Ft. 
100 


200 


400 


600 


700 


Curing  a  Leak  in  a  Stea.m  Pipe 


1000 


1100 


1200 


1300 


1400 


1600 


1600 


1700 


Ttit  Knaiftfcritiff  .>  .Vi,i 


Fig.  1. 


Estimated  Curvature  of  Diamond-drill  Holes  when  Dipping 
against  the  Soft  Ore   Formation 


course  the  rate  of  change  of  inclination 
will  vary  considerably  according  to  the 
rock  passed  through,  the  size  or  rods 
used,  and  depth  and  dip  of  the  hole. 
These  factors  cannot  readily  be  changed 
at  any  point  in  the  hole,  but  there  are 
other  factors  that  may  be  changed  which 


expected  that  drill  holes  will  take  when 
started  at  angles  varying  from  55  to  85 
deg.  from  the  horizontal.  Perhaps  I 
should  say  that  they  are  the  curves  which 
the  drill  holes  can  be  made  to  take,  as  they 
flatten  somewhat  more  rapidly  than  the 
average.      It    is    found    that    a   drill   hole 


September  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


547 


may  be  tlattened  much  more  easily  than 
it  can  be  kept  straight.  As  drill  holes 
sometimes  run  much  flatter  than  ex- 
pected, it  has  bees  found  best  to  make 
these  curves  flatter  than  the  average,  for 
if  the  hole  does  not  go  as  flat  as  this, 
it  can  be  made  to  do  so  by  putting  on 
more  pressure,  by  using  a  smaller  or 
more  worn  core  barrel,  and  by  giving  the 
diamonds  a  trifle  more  clearance. 

Determining  Dip  and  Position  of  Hole 

These  curves  are  only  typical  of  the 
soft-ore  formation  on  the  Marquette  iron 
range,  particularly  in  the  North  Lake  dis- 
trict, which  dips  from  (50  to  90  deg.  from 
the  horizontal,  and  only  when  the  drill 
hole  dips  against  the  formation.  The 
curves  are  compiled  from  the  results  of 
a  great  number  of  drill  holes  already 
sunk  by  the  Cleveland-Cliffs  Iron  Com- 
pany. By  having  a  tracing  of  Fig.  1  and 
a  blue  print  of  this  tracing,  it  is  easy  to 
dttermine  where  a  hole  should  be  placed 
and  what  dip  it  should  have  to  reach  the 
foot-wall  at  any  given  depth.  This  is 
done  by  simply  sliding  the  tracing  over  the 
blue  print  until  the  drill  hole  intersects 
the  foot-wall  at  the  proper  point. 

Fig.  2  is  an  example  of  how  closely  the 
curvature  of  a  drill  hole  may  be  con- 
trolled. It  will  be  noted  that  the  hole 
was  drilled  as  usual  to  a  depth  of  400  ft., 
but  as  it  was  becoming  somewhat  too  flat, 
it  was  kept  as  straight  as  possible   from 


on  the  intended  curve.  The  heavy  line, 
Fig.  2,  shows  the  actual  course  of  the 
drill  hole  and  the  light  line  the  intended 
course. 


Keeping   Notes 

By  Howard  W.  Morgan* 

At  a  great  many  mines  the  system  of 
keeping  underground-survey  notes  in  the 
ordinary  field  notebook  is  still  in  vogue. 

Dip 


DrilltiJ  as 
il  (roin 
O'to  iW 


\ 
\ 

o\e. 


Kept  strnight  as  possible  [rom  400  to  1000 


"1100' 
42 

Flatteacd  (rom  lOOO'co  Eud 


(I '         50 '        100 ' 


T*#  r»i//nf#riwj  ^  ifinlnff  Journal 

Fic.  2.    Diagram  Showing  Course  of  Diamond-drill  Hole  when  Controlled 


400  to  1000  ft.  by  using  a  little  pressure, 
putting  in  a  new  core  barrel  and  giving 
the  diamonds  a  slight  clearance.  At  1000 
ft.  the  hole  was  a  little  steeper  than  in- 
tended, and  from  this  point  to  the  end 
of  the  hole  it  was  flattened  intentionally 
by  putting  on  more  pressure,  using  an 
old  core  barrel,  and  giving  the  diamonds 
more  clearance.  At  no  point  along  the 
drill  hole  was  it  more  than  9  ft.  from 
its  intended  course.  The  inclination  at 
1400   ft.   was  30  deg.,   just  as  estimated 


It  hardly  seems  necessary  to  name  the  ob- 
jections to  this  system,  as  anyone  who 
has  ever  used  it  can  offer  as  many  more. 
Have  you  ever  seen  a  survey  notebook 
used  in  a  "red-ore"  mine?  After  a  short 
time  in  service  nothing  less  than  a  shot 
or  two  will  reveal  the  figures  buried 
under  the  ore  heaps  of  its  smutty  pages. 
Perhaps,  too,  you  have  worked  in  wet 
mines  and  carried  your  book  underground 


•rmo     "f     Allist'liahneis     Coiii|)iiny,     Mll- 
wnuki'C.    Wis. 


til!  most  of  the  figures  had  been  dis- 
solved from  the  pages  and  the  book  had 
been  warped  too  crooked  to  go  into  your 
pocket. 

After  loading  up  your  pockets  with 
plumb-bobs.  tape,  lens,  cord,  candles, 
spuds,  pencils  and  the  other  incidentals 
to  a  trip  underground,  about  one  notebook 
is  all  you  care  to  carry.  This  means  that 
notes  from  several  different  parts  of  the 
mine  must  be  taken  in  one  book.  A  book 
soon  becomes  filled  and  another  started; 
soon  there  are  shelves  and  shelves  of 
books.  Then  some  day  you  wish  to  find 
the  complete  notes  of  the  nth  level.  Now 
for  the  dirty  work!  You  know  the  rest. 
If  you  do  not  quit  your  job  before  you 
find  them,  the  complete  notes  are 
garnered  from  some  eight  or  ten  different 
books  out  of  a  possible  hundred,  with 
great  loss  of  time,  temper  and  at  the  ex- 
penditure of  some  kind  words. 

Note   Taking   on   Cards   Simple,   Effi- 
cient and  Comparatively  Clean 

With  apologies  to  "System,"  we  offer  the 
card  index  as  the  "cure-all."  With  a 
little  time  and  thought  a  card  system 
for  keeping  underground  notes  can  be 
incorporated  with  the  general  office  sys- 
tem in  use.  If  there  is  no  general  card 
system,  one  can  be  worked  out  to  fit  the 
particular  needs  of  any   mine. 

For  the  underground  notes,  cards  are 
printed  for  "Point,"  "Distance,"  "Hori- 
zontal Angle,"  etc.,  and  with  heading 
spaces  for  the  name  of  the  workings, 
date,  etc.  These  cards  are  carried  under- 
ground in  a  leather  case  not  much  larger 
than  the  ordinary  notebook  covers.  The 
case  has  two  pockets,  one  for  used  and 
one  for  unused  cards.  In  this  way  the 
cards  are  kept  fairly  clean  and  as  the 
same  card  is  taken  underground  but  once 
it  does  not  accumulate   dirt. 

On  arriving  at  the  office  the  cards  are 
filed  in  the  proper  cabinet  and  indexed. 
When  the  notes  are  worked  out  in  the 
office  the  "Latitudes,"  "Departures," 
"Elevations,"  etc.,  will  be  recorded  on 
another  card  bearing  these  headings.  All 
maps  should  be  incorporated  into  the 
system  and  indexed. 

The  assay  reports  instead  of  being 
jumbled  up  in  an  assay  record  should  be 
made  on  cards  and  filed  in  the  proper 
cabinet.  By  a  good  system  of  cross-in- 
dexing, and  numbering  cabinets,  maps 
and  cards,  you  can  turn  immedately  to 
any  information  you  desire.  Then  when 
you  wish  the  complete  notes  on  the  nth 
level  you  will  find  a  card  in  the  index 
that  looks  something  like  this: 

.VTII    I.KVICl.. 

Cabinet.     Card  \o. 

rnilPrKrouml  notes U        3-9-^6 

Ollico  notes •    O        3-9-47 

Maps M         73 

As,say  maps AM. — l.'i 

Assa.vs A     —200  to  300 

If  there  is  anything  you  want  to  know 
about  the  nth  level  and  cannot  find  it,  u  ir 
your  fault. 


548 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


Gold  and  Coal  Areas  in  Canadian  Northwest 


The  operations  of  the  Canaaian  Geo- 
logical Survey  are  of  growing  extent  and 
importance.  In  the  introduction  to  the 
report  for  1909",  Director  R.  W.  Brock 
takes  occasion  to  point  out  the  inadequacy, 
of  the  staff,  particularly  of  the  topo- 
graphical division,  to  cope  with  even  the 
most  pressing  of  the  work  which  presents 
itself,  rendering  it  necessary  to  engage 
outside  assistance.  Specialists  from 
abroad,  more  particularly  from  the  United 
States,  are  said  to  have  given  valuable 
aid. 
Portland  Canal;  Region   Investigated 

The  first  section  of  the  report  embodies 
the  results  of  an  extended  tour  of  inspec- 
tion  made   by   Director  Brock   in   British 
Columbia  and  the  Yukon,  to  which  special 
interest   attaches   owing   to    his   observa- 
tions regarding  the  Portland  Canal  regioa 
and  the  Stewart  mining  camp.   The  report 
of  Fred  Wright  who.  in   1905,  while  en- 
gaged  in  work   for  the   U.   S.  Geological 
Survey  in  Alaska,  made  a  geological  ex- 
amination of  the  upper  part  of  the  Unuk 
river  in  British  Columbia,  some  40  miles 
north  of  Stewart,  is  frequently  cited.  The 
character    of    the    country    is    typical    of 
southeastern  Alaska.     The  valley  of  the 
Portland  canal  and  Bear  river  is  about  a 
mile  wide,  flanked  on  either  side  by  pre- 
cipitous mountains,   rising  to   a  hight   of 
5000  ft.,  with  an  occasional  peak  1000  or 
2000  ft.  higher.     Almost  at  the   head  of 
the  canal,  Salmon   river  enters   from  the 
Alaska   side,    and    between    it    and    Bear 
river  is  a  mountain  ridge  which  the   in- 
t::rnational    boundary    follows    for    some 
distance.     Bear  river  is  joined   from  the 
east,  about    four  miles   from   the   mouth, 
by   Glacier   creek,   and    by    Bitter   creek 
about  eight  miles  up  stream;   American 
creek    enters    from    the    north    about    12 
miles  farther  up  stream.    The  majority  of 
the  well  known  claims  are  on  Glacier  and 
American  creeks. 

Camp  in  Zone  of  Metamorphic  Sedi- 
mentaries 

The  camp  lies  in  a  metamorphic  zone 
along  what  is  probably  the  eastern  limit 
of  the  Coast  Range  granite.  This  forms 
a  long  and  relatively  narrow  belt,  alons 
and  near  the  coast  from  the  Fraser  river 
to  the  White  River  basin  in  the  Yukon,  a 
distance  of  1100  miles.  Its  width  is  from 
30  to  60  miles.  This  body  of  granite, 
known  as  the  Coast  Range  batholith  was 
introduced  into  the  pre-existent  Paleozoic 
(?)  sediments  at  some  time  between  up- 
per Jurassic  and  middle  Cretaceous.  The 
sediments  near  the  granite  contact  are 
metamorphosed.  Dikes  from  the  granite 
form  the  adjacent  schists,  and  inclusions 


'MiHimo//    llciioit    for    I'.ioii.     (icol.     Surv. 
Hiancli,    Can.    Iiept.    of    Mines. 


of  the  sedimentary  rocks  are  numerous  in 
the  granite  batholith  for  some  distance 
fiom  the  contact,  and  are  also  found  i.i 
isolated  particles. 

T^x'0  Types  of  Metamorphism  Evidenced 

The  metamorphism  on  the  two  sides  of 
the  Coast  Range  batholith  is  dissimilar. 
On  the  western  contact  the  slates  and 
argillites  are  changed  to  phyllites,  mica 
schists,  and  in  immediate  contact  fre- 
quently to  gneiss.  The  strata  are  in- 
tensely folded  and  give  evidence  of  hav- 
ing been  deeply  bruised  at  the  time  of 
metamorphism.  Farther  west  from  the 
contact  the  rocks  were  evidently  nearer 
the  surface  at  the  time  of  the  intrusion, 
and  show  more  typical  contact  metamor- 
phism and  mineralization.  The  rocks 
along  the  inland  contact  of  the 
granite  are  less  altered,  typical  schists 
and  gneisses  are  rarer;  the  contact  line 
is  more  clearly  defined;  the  rocks  show 
contact  metamorphism,  and  near  the  con- 
tact are  often  heavily  mineralized  with 
sulphides. 

Contact-Metamorphic  Zone  Favorable 
for  Prospecting 

The  distinction  between  deep-seated 
metamorphism  and  contact  metamorphism 
has  here  great  economic  importance — in 
the  former,  conditions  preclude,  as  a  rule, 
the  formation  of  orebodies.  while  in  the 
latter  they  frequently  favor  it.  The  most 
promising  rocks  to  prospect,  therefore, 
are  those  showing  contact  metamorphism., 
and  in  northern  British  Columbia,  at 
least,  the  inland  border  of  the  granite  is 
most  likely  to  present  this  phenomenon, 
though  it  alfo  occurs  at  a  number  of 
points  along  the  coastal  border.  In  re- 
commending the  contact  of  the  granite 
as  a  point  to  prospect,  the  immediate 
contact  is  not  specially  meant,  but  rather 
the  bordering  zone  influenced  by  the  in- 
trusion. 

Throughout  the  entire  length  of  the 
Coast-range  batholith,  wherever  the  in- 
vaded contact-metamorphosed  rocks  are 
exposed,  or  occur  as  large  inclusions,  in 
it  they  will  probably  be  found  attractive 
to  the  prospector.  Such  areas  are  found 
in  the  Bear  River  camp,  in  the  Unuk 
River  district,  40  miles  north,  and  prob- 
ably in  the  country  between. 

Persistence  of  Veins  Characteristic  of 
Stewart 

Two  classes  of  ore  were  shown  at 
Stewart,  quartzose  ore,  carrying  silver, 
gold  and  lead,  and  a  pyritic  copper-gold 
ore.  The  persistence  of  veins  is  noted. 
The  quartzose  ore  contains  galena,  some- 
times blende,  argentite  and  native  silver. 
Pyrite  is  sometimes  plentiful,  the  copper 


ore   consisting   essentially   of   pyrite   and 
chalcopyrite. 

Modern    Methods    Increase    Available 
Placer  Area  in  Yukon 

Treating  of  present  conditions  in  the 
Yukon,  Director  Brock  notes  that  the  sub- 
titution  of  operations  on  a  large  scale 
u  ith  extensive  engineering  and  mechan- 
ical aids,  will  mean  the  re-treating  of 
piactically  all  the  worked-over  ground 
and  the  underlying  bedrock.  An  extensive 
scheme  for  power  development  is  under 
way  on  the  Klondike  about  30  miles  from 
Dawson,  by  which  water  from  the  north 
fork  of  the  Klondike  will  be  utilized  to 
generate  power  to  be  transmitted  over 
the  whole  district. 

With  a  greatly  increased  number  of 
plants  it  is  claimed  that  it  will  still  take 
years  to  work  the  gravels  of  the  district 
by  modern  appliances.  High-level  gravels 
for  which  there  was  no  available  water, 
and  claims  which  owing  to  mechanical 
difficulties  could  not  be  worked  by  the  in- 
dividual miner,  will  furnish  a  big  addi- 
tional field.  The  work  done  in  recent 
years  shows  that  the  estimate  by  McCon- 
nell  in  1906  of  the  future  production  of 
the  territory  at  about  563,000,000  was 
thoroughly  conservative. 

Possibilities  of  Quartz  Orebodies   In- 
vestigated 

Attention  is  being  directed  to  the  quartz 
possibilities  of  the  Klondike  and  many 
claims  have  been  staked,  but  there  is  .ro 
far  nothing  definite  on  which  to  base  u' 
judgment. 

From  a  study  of  the  character  of  the 
quartz  and  gold  found,  it  is  obvious  that 
the  gold  is  local  in  origin,  derived  from 
the  basins  of  the  pay  gulches  and  creeks. 
It  is  practically  certain  that  the  gold  of 
the  gravels  has  come  from  the  quartz 
veins.  Developments  on  the  Dome  prop- 
erty tend  to  strengthen  the  supposition. 
Director  Brock  considers  the  prospects  for 
developing  lode  mines  in  the  Klondike 
quite  as  promising  as  in  the  lower  Yukon. 

The  most  attractive  prospecting  ground 
is  naturally  on  the  creeks  which  have  had 
rich  gravel.  When  the  gravels  of  a  creek  , 
pppear  to  be  enriched  on  a  certain  claim, 
it  should  first  be  determined  if  the  excess 
supply  has  been  derived  from  the  White 
Channel  paystreak.  Only  when  this  has 
Hot  been  the  case  may  such  enrichment 
be  taken  to  indicate  the  presence  of  a 
rich  vein  in  the  immc-diate  vicinity.  If 
coarse  or  unworn  gold  makes  its  appear- 
ance where  normally  only  fine  and  worn 
gold  might  be  expected  this  would  te 
indicative  of  a  fresh  local  supply  from  a 
nearby  source.  Prospecting  horizontally 
rather  than  vertically,  by  trenching  or 
drifting,  is  recommended. 


September  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


549 


Alberta  Coal  Areas  Greatly  Aug- 
mented 

The  principal  discoveries  of  economic 
value  described  in  the  reports  of  fielc! 
work  are  the  extensions  of  the  Alberta 
coal  areas  resulting  from  the  explorations 
of  D.  B.  Howling,  who  in  continuing  his 
investigations  northward,  discovered  a 
new  and  important  coal  basin,  and  the 
discovery  of  coal  seams  in  the  Wheato'i 
River  district  of  the  Yukon  by  D.  D. 
Cairnes. 

Mr.  Dowling  summarizes  the  economi: 
result  of  his  investigation  as  follows: 
South  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  rail- 
way line,  in  the  foothills,  there  are  coal- 
fields of  large  extent,  of  which  the  near- 
est to  the  railway  is  situated  in  the  outer 
portion  of  the  disturbed  foothill  area. 
From  it  domestic  and  a  fair  grade  of 
steam  coal  may  be  obtained.  The  area  is 
situated  on  the  headwaters  of  Embarras 
and  Pembina  rivers,  and  over  a  portion 
of  it  a  seam  of  from  12  to  17  ft.  can  be 


bearing    horizon    was    observed    to    have 
about  20  ft.  of  coal  seams. 

Bituminous  Coal  Found  in  Wheaton 
River  District 

In  the  course  of  D.  D.  Cairnes'  explor- 
ations in  the  Wheaton  River  district,  Yu- 
kon Territory,  the  Tantalus  conglomer- 
ates, which  in  the  southern  Yukon  are 
known  to  be  coal-bearing,  were  found 
outcropping  about  one  mile  west  of  the 
Union  mines,  on  the  ridge  joining  Bush 
mountain  and  Idaho  hill,  and  search  was 
made  for  coal.  Three  seams  were  dis- 
covered, one  over  6  ft.,  one  18  in.  and 
one  at  least  3  ft.  wide. 

The  measures  were  traced  from  the 
summit  of  the  ridge  to  near  the  valley 
bottoms  of  Schnabel  and  Folle  creeks  on 
the  south  and  north  sides  respectively. 
These  creeks  are  here  two  miles  apait 
and,  opposite  the  coal,  are  about  2000  ft. 
lower  than  the  summit  of  the  ridge  be- 
tween them.  The  belt  of  coal-bearin;^ 
formation  is  about  half  a  mile  wide,  and 


Island  lines  furnishes  the  outlet  for  the 
El  Paso  &  Southwestern.  Practically  all 
of  the  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.  metal  ton- 
nage has  to  find  its  outlet  to  the  East  over 
the  Rock  Island  road,  which  connects 
with  the  El  Paso  &  Southwestern.  This 
deal,  therefore,  assures  permanent  and 
satisfactory  traffic  relations  between  the 
two  interests. 


Transition    in    Rand  Cyanide 

hi  ants 


It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  earliest 
cyanide  plant  erected  on  the  Rand  is  still 
at  work  on  the  Robinson  mine.  The  repro- 
duction of  a  photograph  of  this  plant  is 
published  herewith.  The  progress  in  cy- 
anide practice  made  in  late  years  is  well 
shown  by  comparison  with  the  illustra- 
tion beside  it  of  the  modern  plant  at  the 
Robinson  Deep.  This  plant  handles  the 
ore   from  300  stamps  by  sand   and  slime 


The  First  and  One  of  the  Modern  Cyanide  Plants  on  the  Rand 


mined.  Higher-grade  steain  and  cokini^ 
coals  may  be  obtained  from  inore  dis- 
tant fields,  situated  behind  high,  rocky 
ridges.  The  areas  containing  the  best 
grade  of  coal  extend  in  narrow  strips 
from  the  Saskatchewan  river  to  near  the 
.Athabaska,  behind  the  Brazeau.  Bighorn 
■and  Nikanassin  ranges  respectively.  The 
parts  which  seem  mineable  and  easy  of 
approach  through  gaps  in  these  ridges, 
may  be  outlined  as  the  Brazeau  Range 
area  on  the  Saskatchewan;  the  Bighorn 
basin  from  the  Saskatchewan  to  the  Bra- 
zeau rivers,  and  the  southern  part  of  the 
Nikanassin  basin,  drained  by  the  McLeod 
and  north  branch  of  the  Brazeau  rivers. 
These  areas  may  not  be  mineable  outsidt' 
a  striD  which  is  not  much  over  a  mile  in 
width,  but  they  have  a  total  width  of 
nearly  80  miles.  A  section  of  the  meas- 
ures near  the  Saskatchewan  shows  nearlv 
100  ft.  of  workable  coal  in  about  nine 
seams.  Northward  the  seams  possibly  de- 
crease in  thickness  and  nuinber.  but  on 
th;  McLeod   the  upper  part  of  the  coal- 


the  rocks  comprising  it  are  much  folded 
and  disturbed.  The  coal,  which  is  bitu- 
minous and  of  the  same  age  as  that  at 
Whitehorsc  and  Tantalus,  should  make  a 
good  fuel. 


Phelps,   Dodge  &  Co.  in  Rock 
Island    Railroad 


It  is  announced  that  Phelps,  Dodge  & 
Co.,  Inc.,  has  bought  a  large  block  of 
stock  in  the  Rock  Island  railroad  com- 
pany and  will  have  a  large  influence  in 
the  affairs  of  the  railroad.  Phelps,  Dodge 
&  Co.,  owns  extensive  copper  properties 
in  the  Southwest,  and  the  purchase  of  the 
Rock  Island  shares  is  in  the  interest  of 
the  El  Paso  &  Southwestern  railroad,  a 
subsidiary  of  the  El  Paso  &  Northeastern 
company,  a  holding  corporation  ^wned  by 
the  Phelps-Dodge  interests.  This  cor- 
poration controlled  roads  with  a  total 
mileage  of  about  500  miles,  and  the  Rock 


treatment.  The  Butters  filter  plant, 
erected  on  the  Crown  Mines,  was  to  be 
working  in  August.  A  plant  erected  on 
the  French  Bobs  mine,  at  Barberton,  is 
treating  150  tons  of  slime  per  day  with 
success. 


Production  of  Hydrocarbons  in 
California 


The  value  of  the  petroleum  produced 
in  California  in  1909  is  placed  by 
the  State  Mining  bureau  at  .S32,398,- 
187  and  that  of  asphalt,  bituininous 
rock  and  natural  gas  at  S2,440,537. 
This  makes  the  valuation  of  the  hydro- 
carbons produced  reach  $34,838,714. 
No  one  familiar  with  conditions 
of  the  mineral  industry  in  California  10 
years  ago  would  have  predicted  any  such 
result  as  this.  At  that  time  the  value  of 
the  hydrocarbons  was  very  small  indeed, 
but  now  tlipir  annual  value  has  far  sur- 
passed  that  of  the   metals. 


550 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


Settlement  of  the  Illinois  Coal 
Miners'   Strike 


The  long  strike  of  the  coal  miners  in 
Illinois  came  finally  to  an  end  on  Sept. 
9,  when  an  agreement  was  closed  in  com- 
mittee, which  was  formally  ratified  on 
Sept.  10  by  both  parties.  The  mines 
are  to  resume  immediately,  but  it  will 
take  two  or  three  weeks  to  bring  about 
full  operations,  especially  as  a  number 
of  them  have  not  yet  completed  the  alter- 
ations required  by  the  new  mine  safety 
law.  Mining  was  suspended  on  April  1 
last,  pending  negotiations  over  the  new 
scale;  a  strike  was  formally  declared 
a  month  later.  The  present  settlement 
applies  to  the  Northern  district  of  the 
State;  the  operators  of  the  Southern  dis- 
trict settled  with  the  miners  about  three 
months  ago. 

At  first  it  looked  as  if  the  conference  in 
Chicago  last  week  would  fail.  The  min- 
ers insisted  on  the  terms  of  the  so  called 
Peoria  demand;  at  first  a  majority  of  the 
operators  voted  against  granting  this,  but 
the  minority  was  strong  and  insistent,  and 
threatened  to  break  away  from  the  asso- 
ciation. Finally  a  committee  of  five  was 
appointed  with  full  authority  to  make 
the  agreement.  In  connection  with  the 
miners'  committee,  the  contract  was 
made,  the  miners  gaining  most  points, 
but  conceding  some  changes  from  the 
Peoria  claims,  on  the  questions  of  shot- 
firers  and  of  arbitration. 

The  Agreement  on  Wages 

The  operators  agree  to  pay  the  advance 
of  3c.  per  ton  for  the  entire  State,  with 
2c.  additional  differential  for  the  Frank- 
lin-Williamson district;  also  a  general  ad- 
vance of  5.55  per  cent,  in  day  wages. 
These  are  the  same  advances  which  have 
been  generally  conceded  through  the  Cen- 
tral West.  On  the  other  disputed  points 
the  agreement  is  substantially  as  below. 

The   Shot-firer  Clause 

It  is  agreed  that  the  cost  of  firing  shots 
during  the  life  of  the  contract  shall  not 
exceed  the  cost  per  ton  for  the  same  work 
during  the  previous  contract  except  inso- 
far as  the  5.55  per  cent,  advance  affects 
it.  It  is  understood  that  this  clause  does 
not  mean  that  the  operator  can  avoid  pay- 
ing for  the  work  actually  necessary  to  be 
done  by  the  shot-firers.  It  is  also  agreed 
that  there  shall  be  no  shot-firers  in  mines 
where  coal  is  undercut  by  hand  or  ma- 
chines, except  as  mutually  agreed.  Where 
conditions  in  the  past  have  necessitated 
shot-firers  they  will  be  continued;  where 
conditions  develop  that  they  are  not  nec- 
essary, they  can  be  discontinued. 

The  Arbitration   Clause 

It  was  understood  that  the  question  of 
determining  a  method  for  arbitrating  dis- 
putes would  be  taken  up  as  the  first  or- 
der of  business   at  the   first   joint   board 


meeting,  and  that  until  a  definite  plan  is 
agreed  upon  any  dispute  arising  will  be 
referred  to  a  commission  composed  of 
two  operators  and  two  miners  with  some 
one  of  the  following  as  the  fifth  man: 
Wm.  Morris,  of  Duquoin,  Prof.  Stoek,  of 
Urbana,  ,].  E.  Williams,  of  Streator. 

Making  a   New  Agreement 

It  is  mutually  agreed  between  the  Illi- 
nois Coal  Operators  Association  and  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America,  Dis- 
trict No.  12,  that  joint  negotiations  for  the 
formation  of  a  new  wage  contract  shall 
begin  on  a  date  sufficiently  in  advance 
of  the  expiration  of  the  present  contract 
reasonably  to  insure  the  completion  of 
these  negotiations  before  March  10,  1912. 
But  should  conditions  arise  which  ap- 
parently make  it  impossible  to  complete 
these  negotiations  before  that  date  a  com- 
mission shall  be  appointed  composed  of 
nine  miners  and  nine  operators  to- 
gether with  three  disinterested  parties 
hereinafter  named  who  shall  sit 
together  with  the  miners  and  operators 
with  a  voice  in  the  affairs  but  without 
vote.  This  commission  shall  continue  ne- 
gotiations and  complete  the  work  of  mak- 
ing a  contract,  settling  all  questions  that 
have  not  been  agreed  to  up  to  the  date  of 
the  expiration  of  the  contract,  and  shall 
continue  in  session  for  such  time  as  is 
mutually  agreed  upon.  All  mines  to  con- 
tinue at  work  without  interruption  provid- 
ing negotiations  are  still  pending  and  the 
same  is  mutually  agreed  upon.  For  the 
purpose  of  the  above  J.  E.  Williams,  of 
Streator,  111.,  Dr.  .loseph  A.  Holmes, 
Washington,  and  William  Morris,  of  Du- 
quoin, 111.,  are  named  as  the  three  dis- 
interested parties.  In  case  of  the  inabil- 
ity or  failure  of  any  one  of  these  three 
to  qualify  it  shall  be  within  the  power 
of  the  other  two  to  name  a  third  disinter- 
ested party  who  shall  sit  with  them  on 
the  commission;  said  person  so  appointed 
to  be  mutually  agreeable  to  both  parties 
in  interest.  This  section  is  subject  to  the 
ratification  of  both  organizations  at  the 
earliest  date  on  which  they  convene  in 
State  convention. 


Novel  Electric    Driven  Compressor 
Plant  at    New  Modderfontein 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 


At  the  New  Modderfontein  mine  a  large 
electrically  driven  air-compressor  plant 
of  a  design  new  to  the  Rand  is  being  in- 
stalled. The  capacity  of  the  plant  will  be 
2(),000  cu.ft.  of  free  air  per  minute.  There 
are  four  units  of  Belliss  &  Morcom  high- 
speed compressors,  compressing  to  80  or 
100  lb.  pressure.  They  run  at  160  r.p.m., 
such  a  high  rate  of  speed  being  rendered 
possible  by  using  valves  of  small  lift, 
weight  and  inertia,  constructed  of  steel 
concentric    strips   and    designed    by    Pro- 


fessor Hoebiger.  These  valves  have  come 
into  great  favor  on  the  Rand,  many  old 
compressors  having  been  remodeled 
and  fitted  with  them;  Walker  Brothers, 
Ltd.,  England,  have  recently  adopted  a 
valve  of  similar  design. 

Each  compressor  is  driven  by  a  1000- 
b.h.p.,  coupled,  three-phase  induction 
motor,  50  cycles,  2000  volts.  These  are 
provided  with  belt-driven  phase  advancers 
in  order  to  keep  the  power  factor  be- 
tween half  and  full  loads  at  0.8.  One  of 
the  improvements  in  this  station  is  that 
arrangements  are  made  for  cooling  and 
filtering  the  air  before  compression.  The 
air  is  drawn  from  a  subway  which 
terminates  in  a  building  having  an  air- 
tight roof  and  floor  and  walls  composed 
of  sheets  of  cocoanut  matting  through 
which  the  air  is  filtered.  Anyone  who 
has  noticed  the  air,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  many  compressors,  almost  thick  with 
sand  blowing  from  tailing  dumps  and 
with  dust  from  nearby  roads,  will  ap- 
preciate the  effect  this  precaution  will 
have  in  reducing  wear  on  valves,  pistons 
and  cylinders  in  the  compressors.  The 
pre-cooling  of  the  air,  of  course,  adds 
to  the  efficiency  of  compression. 


California  Oil  Dividends 


Dividends  paid  by  a  number  of  Cali- 
fornia oil  companies  during  August,  1910, 
together  with  the  total  dividends  to  date, 
as  reported  by  the  San  Francisco  Stock 
Exchange,  are  shown  in  the  accompany- 
ing table. 


AUGUST  DIVIDENDS  OF  C.\LIF0RNIA  Oil. 
COMPANIES. 


Name  of  Company. 

August 
1910 

Total  Paid 
to  Date 

.\merican  IVtiolfum.  pf.. 
AiiifricanPetroleum.com. 
Bav  City 

.«      16,500 

82„500 

10,000 

20,176 

10,000 

9,992 

1 .000 

3.500 

35.000 

2,000 

2,000 

3,8.58 

10.000 

87,693 

,50.(100 

7.000 

5.000 

1.><.020 

3.000 

15,000 

7„500 

1.5,000 

9,975 

10,000 

7,000 

400.000 

124.813 

40.375 

20.000 

S    261,975 

1,388,142 

145,000 

Cuviboii  Oil  and  Mining  . 
Clareniont        

.801,410 
375,000 

Cohniil)ia 

324,759 
1,000 

141, .500 

Gvp.sv             

40.000 

IS  1,000 

Kern  River       

1 10,000 

I.inda  \'ista 

Sll.dllS 
411,0(10 

Mexican  Petrolenm 

Monte  Cristo                .  . 

3.41 1.^07 
640.000 

7.000 

New  I'enn.  Petroleum  .  . 

15.000 
340,151 

Parafline 

30.000 

Pinal  

Iti.eoni                .    ; 

9C.1.921 
92. .500 

.s.  F.  &  McKitrick 

415.000 
547. 22S 

(id.OdO 

l:)'.l,(l()0 

1.0911.1100 

6.992.320 

United 

Western  t'nion 

2.3S1I,S37 
4S  1.951 

Tolal  for  AuKiist.  lUlO 

$1,069,917 

The  August  total  is  $404,653  less  than 
that  for  July,  1910,  which  amounted  to 
$1,474,570.  This  is  doubtless  in  large 
measure  due  to  the  heavy  reduction  in 
the  price  of  oil.  The  grand  total  of  the 
dividends  paid  to  date  by  California  oil 
companies  amounts  to  $34,682,082. 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


551 


Some  Economic  Gold  Deposits  of  Alaska 

Nome  and  Fairbanb  Principal  Placer  Deposits.      Unga  Island  a  Typical 
Shear  Zone  Deposit.     Mineralized  Dikes  and  Fractures  on  Douglas  Island 

BY    FRANCIS     CHURCH     LINCOLN* 


Gold  possesses  a  wider  literature  than 
any  other  metal.  Only  recently  valuable 
works  on  gold  have  appeared  in  France,' 
England-  and  America.  Yet  when  I  be- 
gan to  investigate  the  associations  of 
gold,  I  could  find  no  brief,  systematic, 
geological  descriptions  of  the  more  im- 
portant economic  gold  deposits  and  was 
forced  to  compile  such  for  myself.  In 
the  belief  that  these  descriptions  may 
prove  useful  to  other  investigators  and  to 
teachers  of  economic  geology,  I  have  pre- 
pared series  of  articles  which  pertain  to 
North    American   gold   occurrences. 

Each  deposit  is  treated  under  the  fol- 
lowing heads:  History,  geography, 
country  (or  bed)  rock,  ore  (or  placer) 
deposit,  ore  (or  pay  dirt),  gold,  and  ref- 
erences. The  lists  of  references  give  the 
sources  of  the  material  entering  into  the 
compilation  of  the  various  articles  and 
are  not  bibliographies.  While  the  de- 
scriptions are  mainly  compiled,  observa- 
tions made  by  the  author  are  included  in 
many  instances. 

I  The  Beach   Placers  of  Nome 

Nome  is  on  the  southern  shore  of  the 
Seward  peninsula,  Alaska.  The  existence 
of  alluvial  gold'  in  Seward  peninsula 
was  known  as  early  as  1866,  but  no  pro- 
duction is  recorded  prior  to  1897,  and 
the  first  discovery  of  commercial  import- 
ance was  made  on  Melsing  creek.  Coun- 
cil district,  in  March,   1898. 

A  party  of  prospectors,  stormbound 
in  the  vicinity  of  what  is  now  Nome,  dis- 
covered gold  on  Snake  river  and  Anvil 
creek,  in  July,  1898.  One  member  of 
this  party,  J.  J.  Brynteson,  securing  two 
companions,  returned  to  the  district  and 
on  Sept.  20,  1898,  discovered  the  rich 
placers  of  Anvil  creek.  The  news  of  the 
discovery  spread  rapidly  and  by  the  sum- 
mer of  1899  the  population  of  Nome  had 
reached  3000.  There  was  no  means  of 
enforcing  civil  law — the  only  representa- 
tives of  the  Government  being  an  officer 
and  a  small  detachment  of  soldiers.  Nu- 

•Mlnlrii,-  oiiKinoer  unil  rpoIokIsI.  lot!  .lolin 
■trpot.    NVw    Viiik. 

"•I.'Or  tinns  li^  Sliinrie."  ly,  De  Ijiiinay.  mil". 

'"Gold."   .T.   M.   .Maclnren.    1!)(is. 

"■■Cold    anil    Sliver."    W.    n.    Ci-nnn.    10(1,1. 

*A.  II.  Kirinks.  (!.  n.  rtlilinnlsni,  an.l  .\.  .T. 
Colllor.  "A  KpponnnlKsanii.  df  the  Ciipi'  \cimii> 
and  Ad.laiM'iit  Tiold  Kli>ld..j  nf  Seward  I'eiilii- 
«nla.     Alaska.     In     1!liiii."    \\     ,s.    (jeol      Snrv 

(innn. 

,    !■■.    IT.    M.ifflt.    V.    S.    (ienl.    Sui'V.    lliiV.    2S4 

flnoci.  i:i:!-4..  and  iiuii   :il.(  (i:i(i7i.  i:m-144. 

A.  .T.  ("nlllef.  !•'.  T..  riess.  IV  S.  STiiilli  and 
.\.  II.  Kronks.  f.  S.  Cenl.  Sniv.  Hull.  :ii;s 
I  1;misi. 

I".  S.  Snillh.  f.  S.  Ceol.  Snrv.  Hull.  .•t4.'i 
MiHisi,    20(!--Jlt!:     anil     Jitill.    :t7!i      ililO'i). 

■-■l!7--JS.t. 


nierous  disputes  arose  as  to  the  owner- 
ship of  claims,  and  the  situation  became 
serious. 

Gold  Discovered  in  Nome  Beach  Sand 

This  condition  of  affairs  was  suddenly 
relieved  through  the  accidental  discovery 
that  the  beach  sands  were  rich  in  gold, 
which  was  made  almost  simultaneously 
by  John  Hummel,  an  old  Idaho  prospec- 
tor, and  one  of  the  soldiers.  About  2000 
men  went  to  work  on  the  beach  and  more 
than  SI, 000,000  were  taken  out  in  two 
months. 

Gold  was  found  in  the  "second" 
beach  in  1901;  and  in  the  fall  of  1904. 
the  rich  "third"  beach  was  discovered. 
In  1906.  an  "intermediate"  beach  was 
encountered;  and  the  discoveries  are 
brought  down  to  date  by  the  mention  of 
the  two  "submarine"  beaches  which  were 
located  in  1907. 

The  production  of  gold  from  the  Sew- 
ard peninsula  from  1897  to  1908  inclu- 
sive, was  ?49,362.700.  This  exceeds  the 
production  accredited  to  any  other  region 
in  Alaska.  The  bulk  of  the  production 
of  the  Seward  peninsula  has  come  from 
the  Nome  district.  In  1908  the  peninsula 
produced  55,120,000,  of  which  the  Nome 
district  contributed  more  than  all  the 
other  districts  put  together.  About  two- 
thirds  of  this  production  came  from  the 
beaches. 

Geography  and  Climate  at  Nome 

The  Nome  district  lies  between  Bering 
sea  on  the  south  and  the  Kigluaik  moun- 
tains on  the  north.  The  southern  part 
of  the  district  is  occupied  by  a  crescentic 
coastal  plain.  At  both  ends  of  this  coast- 
al plain,  the  uplands  reach  the  seacoast, 
and  north  of  it  they  increase  gradually 
in  hight  to  an  elevation  of  2500  ft.  at 
the  base  of  the  Kigluaik  mountains,  25 
miles  from  the  coast.  The  streams  take 
a  southerly  course  to  Bering  sea  across 
broad,  gravel-floored  valleys. 

The  climate  is  sub-arctic.  On  quiet 
days  in  winter  the  temperature  falls  as 
low  as  — 50  deg.  F.,  while  in  summer  it 
rarely  exceeds  -80  deg.  F.  The  annual 
rainfall  is  about  20  in.  The  streams 
freeze  about  the  last  of  September  and 
open  the  middle  of  May.  The  ocean 
freezes  early  in  November  and  opens 
the  middle  of  June. 

Willows  and  grass  grow  along  the 
watercourses.  With  this  exception,  the 
uplands  nre  barren  and  the  coastal  plain 
is  covered   only  by  tundra. 


Nome   Bed  Rock 

The  bed  rock  of  the  coastal  plain  is 
deeply  covered  with  Quarternary  gravels 
and  sands.  Back  of  the  coastal  plain 
the  uplands  are  carved  from  rocks  of 
the  Nome  group,  a  complex  mass  of 
more  or  less  altered  sediments,  intru- 
sives  and  eruptives  of  Ordovician  or  Si- 
lurian age.  This  group  includes  a  great 
thickness  of  quartz  and  calcite  schists, 
greenstones  and  greenstone  schists,  to- 
gether with  a  massive  limestone  called 
the  Port  Clarence  limestone.  The  schists 
inclose  massive  limestone  beds  up  to  100 
ft.  or  more  in  thickness,  and  the  Port 
Clarence  limestone  contains  thin  layers 
of   interbedded   schist. 

Granite  forms  the  headland  at  Cape 
Nome,  and  the  core  of  the  Kigluaik 
mountains.  It  is  probably  of  early  Cre- 
taceous age.  The  schists  are  much  frac- 
tured and  contain  quartz  and  calcite 
stringers,  especially  at  limestone-schist 
contacts.  In  some  places,  metalliferous 
lodes  of  larger  size  occur,  and  one  vein 
has  been  developed  into  a  mine.  That 
the  Port  Clarence  limestone  is  not  gold- 
bearing  is  indicated  by  its  generally  un- 
altered character  and  its  distribution  with 
regard  to  the  placers.  The  mineraliza- 
tion of  the  district  is  believed  to  have 
taken  place  at  the  time  the  granite  was 
intruded. 

Placer   Deposits 

The  placers  of  Nome  include  ancient 
and  modern  beach  deposits;  ancient  and 
modern  stream  deposits,  and  residual  de- 
posits. The  gold  in  all  these  deposits 
was  originally  contained  in  quartz  and 
calcite  stringers  and  veins  in  the  Nome 
schists  and  owes  its  present  position  to 
concentration  caused  by  wave  action, 
stream  action  and  weathering.  The 
richer  deposits  are  due  to  reconcentra- 
tion. 

These  placers  occupy  a  roughly  trian- 
gular area  whose  base  extends  30  miles 
along  the  coast  of  Bering  sea,  and  whose 
apex  lies  25  miles  inland  near  the  head 
of  the  Nome  river  at  the  base  of  the 
Kigluaik  mountains.  The  beach  deposits 
are  confined  to  the  crescent-shaped 
coastal  plain  at  the  base  of  this  triangle, 
and  have  a  maximum  width  of  four  miles 
in  its  central  portion  which  is  near  the 
town  of  Nome. 

Six  Beach  Lines  at  Nome 

Six  beaches  are  known  at  present. 
These  beaches  have  been  formed  during 
pauses  in  a  gradual  advance  and  retreat 


552 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


of  the  sea  which  has  been  taking  place 
since  Pliocene  time.  The  oldest  and 
lowest  beach  which  has  been  recognized 
is  the  "outer  submarine,"  which  lies  from 
300  to  1000  ft.  inside  the  present  beach 
and  34  ft.  below  sea  level.  After  forming 
this  beach  in  Pliocene  time,  the  sea  ad- 
vanced slowly,  pausin"  long  enough  at 
intervals  to  form  successively  the  "inner 
submarine,"  "intermediate"  and  "third" 
beaches  until  it  reached  the  steep  bluffs 
about  half  a  mile  north  of  the  third 
beach. 

Then  the  sea  began  its  retreat  to 
the  present  beach,  stopping  long  enough 
on  the  way  to  form  the  "second" 
beach.  The  "inner  submarine"  is  about 
yx  mile  north  of  the  present  beach,  and 
20  ft.  below  sea  level.  The  "intermedi- 
ate" beach  is  about  1 '  _.  miles  inland  and 
22  ft.  above  sea  level.  The  "third"  beach 
is  about  3  miles  from  the  present  shore 
and  78  ft.  above  sea  level,  and  the  "sec- 
ond" beach  is  about  -',;  mile  inland  at 
an  elevation  of  38  ft.  Since  the  ancient 
beaches  were  apparently  confined  be- 
tween the  same  headlands  as  the  mod- 
ern beach  and  their  curvatures  are  great- 
er, they  are  longer. 

Structure  of  Nome  Beach 

The  coastal  plain  ends  on  the  coast  in 
an  escarpment  from  10  to  20  ft.  high. 
From  the  base  of  this  escarpment  a  beach 
from  150  to  225  ft.  wide  slopes  to  the 
sea  at  an  angle  of  four  or  five  degrees. 
A  blue  clay  bed  occurs  near  the  surface 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  beach  and  slopes 
seaward  more  steeply  than  the  surface, 
so  that  half  way  down  the  beach  it  is 
from  5  to  7  ft.  deep.  Immediately  above 
the  clay  is  the  pay  streak,  containing  a 
higher  percentage  of  the  heavier  min- 
erals than  the  beds  above.  The  higher 
beds  include  sands,  gravels  and  occa- 
sional thin  seams  of  clay.  The  surface 
material  is  usually  sand  with  occasional 
shingle  and  gravel.  The  beach  sand  con- 
sists largely  of  quartz  and  mica-  and 
chlorite-schist  fragments.  Reddish  gar- 
nets form  an  important  constituent  and 
magnetite  is  always  present,  but  usually 
forms  less  than  1  per  cent,  by  weight. 
The  pebbles  are  largely  quartz.  Occa- 
sionally  small   boulders   are    found. 

The  structure  of  the  ancient  beaches  is 
similar  to  that  of  the  present  beach.  They 
are,  however,  covered  with  stream  and 
marine  deposits  which  are  in  turn  cov- 
ered with  "muck."  Muck  is  the 
local  name  for  fine,  black,  surface 
material  composed  of  vegetable  mat- 
ter, clay,  sand  and  ice.  The  ancient 
beach  deposits  with  their  overlying  grav- 
els and  muck  are  generally  frozen 
throughout.  In  some  instances  the  old 
beach  deposits  rest  upon  true  bed  rock 
instead  of  upon  a  clay  false  bed  rock, 
like  the  present  beach. 

The  sands  of  the  present  beach  carry 
colors  nearly  everywhere  throughout  its 
length   of  30  miles,   but   the   richest  dig- 


gings have  been  encountered  in  the  cen- 
tral 20  miles  of  this  stretch.  As  a  rule 
the  pay  dirt  occurs  only  upon  the  clay, 
several  feet  below  the  surface.  The  thick- 
ness of  the  productive  layer  varies  from 
6  in.  to  3  ft.  Sometimes  a  second  pay 
streak  occurs  a  foot  or  two  above  the 
other.  The  rich  dirt  lies  in  horizontal 
lenses  similar  to  those  formed  by  the 
sands  and  gravels.  The  sand  of  the  pay 
streak  differs  in  no  way  from  that  of 
the  beach,  save  that  it  is  usually  finer  and 
contains  more  of  the  heavy  minerals. 

The  pay  dirt  of  the  ancient  beaches  is 
similar  to  that  of  the  present  beach.  In 
the  "inner  submarine"  it  has  a  thickness 
of  3  ft.  In  the  third  beach  it  is  thicker 
than  anywhere  else,  ranging  from  4  to  5 
ft.,  with  a  maximum  thickness  of  16  ft. 
The  width  of  this  pay  streak  varies  from 
25  to  100  ft.,  which  is  also  the  width  of 
the  pay  streak  in  the  second  beach,  but 
there  the  thickness  is  only  from  3  in.  to 
3  feet. 

Gold 

The  gold  of  all  the  beaches  is  mainly 
in  fine,  bright,  yellow  flakes.  The  gold 
from  the  older  beaches  is  coarser,  lower 
grade  and  less  readily  amalgamable  than 
that  from  the  younger  beaches  and  is 
worth  SI 6.53  to  SI 7.80  per  ounce. 

Associated  Minerals  in  Nome  Placers 

Sulphides  are  the  most  common  asso- 
ciates of  the  gold  in  the  older  beaches, 
but  are  comparatively  rare  in  the  young- 
er. A  large  proportion  of  the  concen- 
trates from  the  "outer  submarine"  beach 
consist  of  sulphides  of  which  perfect 
s'.-arp  crystals  of  arsenopyrite  make  up 
a  large  part.  Pyrite  and  chalcopyrite  are 
also  abundant.  Magnetite,  ilmenite  and 
garnet  were  present  in  small  amounts.  In 
the  concentrates  from  the  "inner  sub- 
marine" beach,  pyrite  and  arsenopyrite 
are  still  abundant,  and  the  quantity  of 
garnet  and  magnetite  has  increased.  Gar- 
net is  frequently  the  most  abundant  min- 
eral in  the  pay  streak  of  the  present 
beach,  and  magnetite  sometimes  makes 
up  8  or  10  per  cent,  of  the  sand.  Ilmen- 
ite and  pyrite  also  occur  in  small  amount. 
The  lighter  portion  of  the  pay  dirt  con- 
sists mainly  of  quartz,  muscovite  and 
chlorite. 

The  Stream  Placers  of  Fairbanks 

The  Fairbanks  district"  is  situated  in  the 
Yukon  basin  in  east  central  Alaska  about 
260  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Tanana 
river.  The  existence  of  gold  on  the  Yu- 
kon has  been  known  since  1869.  Mining 
began  far  up  stream  in  Canadian  terri- 
tory in  1881.  In  1886,  the  Fortymile  dis- 
trict was  discovered  on  American  soil 
and  soon  after  the  Sixtymile  district 
on    Canadian   ground.     The    Circle    dis- 


'Rofcicncps :  I,.  M.  T'iIikIIp.  T.  S.  Oeiil. 
Sni-v.  null.  .'iST  rinoS)  :  I,.  M.  frlnrilP  and 
I".  .1.  Kntz,  r.  S.  Cpol.  Surv.  Hull.  :!7:i 
iHiiiiii.    181-200. 


trict  was  discovered  in  1893  and  the  Ram- 
part district  in  1896,  both  in  American 
territory.  Then  came  the  Klondike  rush 
of  1897-8  which  depopulated  the  Amer- 
ican placer  camps.  The  location  of  a 
trading  post  in  the  Tanana  valley  in  1901 
was  followed  by  the  discovery  of  the 
Fairbanks  district  in  1902. 

The  production  of  the  American  por- 
tion of  the  Yukon  basin  from  1883  'o 
1908  inclusive  was  S45,204.000.  About 
two-thirds  of  this  amount  was  produced 
by  the  Fairbanks  district  from  1903  to 
1908  inclusive.  The  production  of  this 
district  in  1908  was  S9,200,000. 

Topographic  and  Climatic  Features 

The  surface  of  the  Fairbanks  district 
consists  of  ridges  with  a  uniform  hight 
of  about  2000  ft.  These  ridges  alternate 
with  valleys  containing  southwest-flowing 
streams  and  are  limited  on  the  southwest 
by  the  Tanana  flats  which  have  an  eleva- 
tion of  500  to  600  ft.  above  sea  level. 

The  temperature  range  is  great,  vary- 
ing from  — 80  deg.  F.  in  winter  to  +80 
deg.  F.  in  summer.  The  annual  rainfall 
is  about  15  in.  Navigation  opens  about 
May  15,  and  closes  about  Nov.  1.  Much 
of  the  surface  is  frozen  permanently  to 
depths  which  may  exceed  300  feet. 

Spruce,  birch  and  poplar  grow  luxu- 
riantly on  the  valley  slopes  and  lower 
ridges,  but  the  tops  of  the  higher  ridges 
are  covered  only  by  a  scanty  growth  of 
grass,  moss  and  low  bushes. 

Bed  Rock  in  the  Fairbanks  District 

The  bed  rock  consists  predominantly  of 
Pre-Ordovician  schists  mostly  of  sedi- 
mentary origin.  Quartz-  and  quartz-mica- 
schists  are  the  most  common  types.  They 
occur  in  thin  alternating  beds,  are  closely 
folded,  strike  northeast-southwest,  and 
are  intersected  by  two  prominent  sets  of 
joint  plains  which  are  nearly  at  right 
angles  to  each  other.  This  formation  is 
called  the  Birch  Creek  schist. 

Intrusions  of  granodiorite  and  porphy- 
ritic  biotite-granite,  probably  of  early  Ter- 
tiary age,  form  the  bed  rock  at  the  upper 
ends  of  some  of  the  valleys.  There  are 
also  numerous  acidic  dikes  and  a  few  in- 
conspicuous basic  ones. 

Quartz  veins  are  common.  They  occur 
both  cutting  and  intercalated  in  the 
schists  and  with  widths  up  to  eight  feet. 
The  mineralization  of  the  district  prob- 
ably accompanied  or  followed  the  intru- 
sion of  the  igneous  rocks,  as  in  the  Nome 
district. 

Alluvial  Deposits 

The  alluvial  deposits  of  the  Fairbanks 
district  are  frozen  stream  sediments  of 
recent  age.  Tertiary  peneplanation  was 
succeeded  by  Pleistocene  elevation  which 
caused  the  cutting  of  the  present  valleys. 
The  gold  in  the  quartz  stringers  and 
schist  became  concentrated  mechanically 
in  the  recent  valleys.  Subsequently  the 
streams  became  less  active  as  a  result  of 


September  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


553 


decrease  of  precipitation  or  a  lower  aver- 
age temperature,  and  the  valley  bottoms 
became  covered  with  a  mantle  of  ma- 
terial var>'ing  from  a  few  feet  to  over  300 
ft.  in  thickness. 

The  Fairbanks  Gold-bearing  Zone 

The  gold-bearing  zone  runs  northeast 
toward  the  upper  Chena  basin  and  south- 
west to  the  Tolovana  flats.  It  is  at  least 
10  miles  wide  and  has  been  traced  about 
30  miles. 

The  placer  deposits  are  only  in  part 
coincident  with  the  present  courses  of  Hie 
streams.  The  streams  occupy  unaymmet- 
rical  valleys  and  are  usually  close  to  the 
steeper  slope,  while  the  placers  are  found 
upon  the  side  of  the  more  gradual  slope, 
I'pon  bed  rock  which  has  about  the  same 
elevation  as  the  bed  rock  beneath  the 
stream. 

The  placer  deposits  are  generally  sep- 
arable, in  vertical  section,  into  three  di- 
visions: Muck,  barren  gravel  and  pay 
dirt.  The  muck  overlies  the  main  body 
of  gravel  and  has  a  maximum  thickness 
of  100  ft.  Below  the  muck,  the  barren 
gravels  range  from  10  to  60  ft.  in  thick- 
ness. Besides  lacking  gold  content,  this 
gravel  differs  from  the  productive  gravel 
in  that  it  contains  little  or  no  clay.  The 
entire  deposit  is  usually  frozen  through- 
out. 

Pay   Dirt  at   Fairbanks 

The  productive  gravels  are  of  recent 
age.  They  were  deposited  when  the 
present  streams  were  actively  eroding 
their  valleys  and  at  what  were  then  the 
deepest  parts  of  the  valleys.  The  value 
per  cubic  yard  varies  from  $1  to  S8. 

The  pay  streaks  range  in  width  from 
30  ft.  or  less  to  800  ft.,  averaging  about 
200  ft.  for  the  entire  district.  The  total 
length  of  ground  along  which  productive 
areas  are  scattered  is  about  75  miles. 

The  pay  streaks  include  from  a  few 
inches  to  8  ft.  of  gravel  and  clay,  and 
from  one  foot  to  several  feet  of  bed  rock. 
The  gravel  consists  of  coarse,  angular, 
slightly  waterworn  fragments  of  quartz- 
schist,  quartz-mica-schist  and  granite  to- 
gether with  finer  material  of  similar  com- 
position. A  considerable  amount  of  clay 
adheres  to  the  gravel  and  to  the  surface 
of  bed  rock.  Both  coarse  and  fine  ma- 
terial are  irregularly  intermingled.  The 
gold  is  usually  either  distributed  uni- 
formly throughout  the  pay  gravel  or  lies 
mostly  near  bed  rock;  but  occasionally  it 
ir.  found  in  the  joint  planes  of  the  bed 
rock. 

Character  of  Fairbanks  Gold 

Most  of  the  gold  occurs  in  small  flat 
nuggets,  but  some  is  coarse  and  nuggets 
V  orth  over  .S500  have  been  found.  The 
cold  varies  from  S16  to  over  S\9  per 
ounce.  The  minerals  most  commonly  as- 
sociated with  the  gold  are  quartz,  garnet, 
nitile  and  magnetite.  Cassiterite,  stih- 
nite.    bismuth,    galena,    arsenopyrite    and 


wolframite  are  also  found.  Quartz  and 
bisiTiuth  are  frequently  intergrown  with 
the  gold. 

The  Apollo  Mineralized  Shear  Zone, 
Unca  Island 

The  Apollo  Consolidated  mine  is  situ- 
ated on  Unga  Island,  Alaska.  It  began 
to  produce  in  1891,  and  in  1904  had  pro- 
duced between  two  and  three  million 
dollars   in   gold. 

Unga  Island  is  a  member  of  the  Shum- 
agin  group,  which  is  south  of  the  Alaska 
peninsula  and  southwest  of  Kodiak 
island.  The  mine  is  three  miles  west  of 
the  town  of  Unga  and  one  mile  west  of 
the   head    of   Delarof   harbor. 

The  climate  is  characterized  by  less  ex- 
tremes than  the  other  portions  of  Alaska. 
Unga  island  therefore  enjoys  a  cool  tem- 
perate  climate   and   a   moderate    rainfall. 

Geological   Features  of   Unga   Island 

The  country  rock"  consists  of  associated 
eruptions  of  andesite  and  dacite  of  late 
Mesozoic  or  Tertiary  age.  The  ore  de- 
posit is  a  shear  zone  in  the  eruptive 
rocks,  which  has  been  mineralized  by 
hot,  ascending  waters,  probably  of  mag- 
matic   origin. 

The  deposit  is  nearly  vertical  and 
strikes  north  43  degrees  east.  The  King 
mine,  about  'j  mile  northeast  of  the 
.Apollo,  is  believed  to  be  on  the  same  lode. 

The  mineralizing  waters  have  deposited 
crystals  of  gold-bearing  quartz  upon  the 
walls  of  the  shear  zone  and  upon  the 
included  fragments  of  country  rock,  pro- 
ducing comb  structure  in  the  narrower 
spaces.  The  solutions  have  also  pro- 
pylitized  the  country  rock  for  a  consider- 
able distance  on  either  side  of  the  lode. 

Character  of  the  Ore 

The  value  of  the  ore  on  Unga  island 
varies  from  .SI  to  S50  and  averages  S8 
per  ton  and  the  percentage  of  silver  is 
the  ore  is  caught  on  the  plates,  giving  a 
bullion  767  fine.  The  value  of  the  con- 
centrates produced  is  from  S50  to  S60 
per  ton  and  the  percentage  of  silver  is 
greater  in  these  than  in  the  plate  bullion. 

The  ore  occurs  in  one  shoot,  varying 
from  5  to  40  ft.  in  width  and  pitching 
northward.  The  ore  at  the  King  mine 
probably  constitutes  a  second  shoot  in  the 
same  lode.  The  structure  of  the  ore  is 
like  that  of  the  lode  as  a  whole,  save 
that  it  contains  more  fractured  filling. 
The  countrv  rock  has  not  been  richly  im- 
pregnated with  gold,  so  the  presence  of 
ore  depends  chiefly  upon  the  presence  of 
a  large  amount  of  interstitial  filling. 

The  principal  gangue  mineral  is  quartz. 
Calcite  and  orthoclase  are  also  present. 
The    primary    ore    minerals    are    pyrite. 


"UpferenceH :   A.    II.     Ilrook.s    mid     ('.     .Milx- 
.Jr..    V.    S,    rjpol.    Sni'V.    PmfrsHiotutt   Piipi-y   \o 

i."i    (innc.i.    i.Mt. 

(!.    C.    Milllln.    r      .<.    fiPol.    SiM-v.    Hull.    2T,'^ 
I1!M(.".I.      IIMI. 

(;.    K.    Hpckor.    r.    S.    (JpnI.    Slliv.   .Iml.    Urnt. 
N.I.    IS,    Part    111    l.Sd.SK  .S3. 


galena,  sphalerite,  chaljopyrite,  copper 
and  gold.  Cuprite  and  malachite  occur 
with   these   as  decomposition  products. 

Unga  Island  Gold 

The  gold  occurs  in  small  grains  tend- 
ing to  filiform  and  scaly  configurations. 
Most  of  the  surfaces  are  rough,  but  oc- 
casionally the  microscope  reveals  the 
presence  of  a  plane  face  on  a  gold  grain. 
The  gold  is  finely  disseminated  through 
the  quartz  and  almost  wholly  unaccom- 
panied by  sulphides.  Sometimes  a  few 
particles  of  galena  occur  with  the  gold. 
In  other  instances  specks  of  gold  are 
intimately  mingled  with  tiny  shreds  of 
native  copper,  both  metals  being  im- 
bedded in  the  quartz  and  manifestly  con- 
temporaneous. 

Mineralized     Dikes,     Douglas     Island 

The  Treadwell  ore  deposit'  is  situated 
on  Douglas  island,  Alaska.  The  first 
auriferous  lode  found  in  Alaska  was  dis- 
covered near  Sitka,  in  1877,  but  the  first 
important  production  of  gold  was  from 
the  Treadwell   mine,   in    1882. 

The  placers  of  Gold  creek,  near  Ju- 
neau, and  the  gold-quartz  veins  of  the 
Silver  Bow  basin  further  inland,  were 
discovered  in  1880  by  Joe  Juneau  and 
Richard  Harris,  two  prospectors  who  had 
been  sent  out  by  N.  A.  Fuller,  of  Sitka, 
on  the  strength  of  a  favorable  report  by 
John  Muir.  In  1881  the  whole  district 
was  prospected  and  the  claims  which 
now  make  up  the  Treadwell  group  were 
located.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
Pierre  Joseph  Erussard  ("French  Pete"), 
the  original  locator  of  the  Treadwell  lode, 
transferred  his  claim  to  John  Treadwell 
for  five  dollars. 

Mining   Companies  of  Douglas   Island 

The  development  of  lode  mining  was 
greatly  hindered  at  the  outset  by  placer 
miners  who  held  the  ground  forcibly  and 
washed  gold  from  the  decomposed  out- 
crop. A  five-stamp  mill  was  erected  in 
1882.  There  are  now  880  stamps  in  op- 
eration. The  Treadwell  group  includes 
four  mines  owned  by  three  companies: 
the  Treadwell  mine  belonging  to  the 
.Alaska-Treadwell  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany, the  Mexican  mine  belonging  to  the 
Alaska-Mexican  Gold  Mining  Company, 
and  the  Seven  Hundred  Foot  and  Ready 
Bullion  mines  belonging  to  the  Alaska- 
United  Company. 

The  total  gold  production  of  the  Pa- 
cific Coast  belt  of  Alaska  from  1880  to 
1905  inclusive  was  S33,965,400.  Of  this 
amount  the  Treadwell  group  produced 
.S24,758,828.  The  production  of  these 
mines    for    1908   was   .S2,999,420. 


■Rc'fcM-ciirc's  :  K,  I).  Aflams,    ,1m.    flrnh.    Vil. 

4     I  1  S.SII  I .    .S.K-il.l, 

I',  rnlarlii',  Ilarrlmnn  .\Iaskn  Kxppdltlon 
i1!iip.li,     (11  i!4. 

It,  .\.  KliizlP.  TriiHH.  A.  1,  M,  R,.  Vol,  .^4 
i1:m)4i.    :!:!4-:!S(i. 

A.  I",  Sppiippr.  V.  S.  Ccol.  Siirv.  Bull.  287 
I  lillMSl,     sill  Ki, 


654 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  17.  1910. 


Climate  of  Douglas  Island 
The  mines  are  situated  near  the  inland 
shore  of  Douglas  island,  one  of  the 
smaller  islands  of  the  Alexander  archi- 
pelago. The  island  is  mountainous  and 
is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  nar- 
row fjord  known  as  Gastineau  channel. 
Across  this  fjord  and  about  2':.  miles 
distant  is  Juneau.  Seattle,  Washington, 
is  about  900  miles  distant  by  steamer. 

The   climate    is   tempertae   and    humid 

the  annual  rainfall  being  about  98  in.  As 

■  a  result,  a  dense  growth  of  trees,  mainly 

hemlock    and    spruce,    covers    the    entire 

country. 

Country  Rock  on  Douglas  Island 

The  principal  country  rock  is  blacl. 
slate,  probably  of  carboniferous  age.  This 
slate  has  been  formed  by  the  strong 
metamorphism  of  carbonaceous  and  cal- 
careous shales  of  uniform  te.xture.  Strati- 
fication and  slaty  cleavage  are  in  accord, 
striking  northwest-southeast  and  dipping 
about  50  deg.  northeast  beneath  Gastin- 
eau  channel. 

Close  to  the  shore  of  the  channel  is 
an  inf.-rbedded  band  of  greenstone  about 
300  ft.  wide,  which  is  believed  to  be  a 
metamorphosed  surface-lava  flow. 

Albite-diorite  dikes  probably  of  Middle 
Cretaceous  age  have  been  intruded  paral- 
lel to  the  slate  and  greenstone.  They 
appear  interruptedly  in  a  zone  three  miles 
long  and  3000  ft.  wide,  mainly  on  the  side 
of  the  greenstone  toward  the  interior  of 
the  island.  Thus,  the  greenstone  practic- 
ally forms  the  hanging-wall  of  the  zone. 

Narrow  dikes  of  basalt  cut  the  other 
rocks  transversely. 

Ore  Deposits  of  Douglas  Island 
The  albite-diorite  dikes  which  were  in- 
truded in  Middle  Cretaceous  time  were 
shattered  and  mineralized  at  some  later 
period  and  some  of  them  now  constitute 
orebodies.  The  mineralization  was  ef- 
fected by  hot,  ascending  waters  probably 
of  magmatic  origin. 

Only  dikes  situated  near  the  foot-wr.ll 
of  the  greenstone  have  so  far  proved  pro- 
ductive. Thus,  the  greenstone  forms  the 
hanging-wall  not  only  of  the  intrusion 
zone,  but  also  of  the  ore  deposit.  The 
mine  workings  have  a  horizontal  extent 
of  nearly  7000  ft.,  and  the  ore  has  been 
followed  on  its  dip  for  over  1000  ft.  and 
still  continues  downward. 

The  individual  dikes  vary  ■  in  width 
from  a  few  inches  to  over  200  ft.  They 
pinch  and  swell  along  both  strike  and 
dip,  but  the  variations  are  more  frequent 
on  the  dip  than  on  the  strike. 

Mineralized  Fractures 
The  mineralizing  solutions  filled  the 
fractures  in  the  shattered  dikes,  metaso- 
matically  altered  the  dike  rock  and  occa- 
sionally impregnated  the  slate  walls  and 
horses. 

The    filled    fractures    rarely    reach    a 


width  of  more  than  a  few  inches,  al- 
though a  few  veins  a  foot  or  two  across 
have  been  encountered  and  one  vein  40 
ft.  wide  has  been  found.  The  greater 
part  of  the  filling  occurs  in  fissures  con- 
stituting two  well  marked  systems.  One 
system  is  approximately  parallel  to  the 
structure  of  the  country,  while  the  other 
and  more  prominent  system  strikes 
slightly  oblique  to  the  strike  of  the  coun- 
try rock  and  dips  in  the  opposite  direc- 
tion. The  filling  consists  mainly  of  cal- 
cite,  quartz,  albite  and  a  little  pyrite. 

The  metasomatic  alteration  of  the  al- 
bite-diorite is  unique.  The  rock  original- 
ly consisted  of  albite-oligoclase  pheno- 
crysts  in  a  ground  mass  of  microperth- 
ite.  The  mineralizing  solutions  replaced 
much  of  the  microperthite  by  albite.  The 
comparatively  insignificant  amounts  of 
hornblende  and  biotite  present  in  the  or- 
iginal rock  were,  as  a  rule,  changed  to 
secondary  minerals,  including  epidote, 
chlorite,  calcite,  sometimes  pyrite  or  pyr- 
rhotite,  and  more  rarely  magnetite. 

Impregnation  of  the  slate  does  not  al- 
ways occur,  and  even  when  it  does,  rarely 
exceeds  a  width  of  two  or  three  feet.  In 
these  instances  the  color  has  been 
changed  from  black  to  brown,  owing  to 
decarbonization. 

Character  of  Douglas  Island  Ore 

The  value  of  the  ore  mined  varies  from 
SI  to  SIO  per  ton,  averaging  about  $2.60. 
From  60  to  75  per  cent,  of  the  gold  is 
free  milling.  Concentrates  consisting  of 
pyrite,  pyrrhotite  and  a  little  magnetite 
and  worth  from  S30  to  S50  per  ton,  make 
up  about  2  per  cent,  of  the  ore. 

The  gold  is  irregularly  distributed 
throughout  the  dikes  and  no  well  defined 
shoots   can   be   distinguished. 

The  structure  of  the  ore  differs  from 
that  of  the  mineralized  dike  as  a  whole 
mainly  in  that  it  contains  more  veinlets. 
In  general,  the  greater  the  amount  of 
fracture  filling  the  greater  the  value  of 
the  ore,  just  as  in  the  case  of  the  Apollo 
lode,  on  Unga  island.  The  amount  of 
filling  in  the  ore  averages  about  one- 
fifth   its  bulk. 

Associated  Minerals  on  Douglas 
Island 

The  principal  non-metallic  minerals  in 
the  Treadwell  ore  are  albite,  calcite  and 
quartz.  Smaller  amounts  of  ferruginous 
calcite,  rhodochrosi*e,  rutile  and  graphite 
occur.  The  principal  metallic  mineral  is 
pyrite,  with  considerable  amounts  of  pyr- 
rhotite and  magnetite  and  smaller  quan- 
tities of  chalcopyrite,  galena,  sphalerite, 
arsenic,  realgar,  orpiment,  arsenical  py- 
rite, molybdenite  and  gold.  No  second- 
ary lode  minerals  are  believed  to  be  pres- 
ent. 

Visible  gold  is  rare.  It  has  been  ob- 
served with  the  naked  eye  in  coarsely 
crystalline  calcite  and  also  in  association 
with   pyrite   and   films  of   graphite.   With 


the  aid  of  a  microscope,  Adams  found 
particles  of  gold  embedded  in  pyrite  at 
and  near  its  surface.  The  presence  of 
molybdenite  is  said  to  indicate  high  gold 
content,  but  that  mineral  can  hardly  be 
an  important  carrier  of  gold  on  account 
of  its  limited  distribution  in  the  lode.  It 
seems  probable  that  the  amalgamable 
gold  is  mainly  present  in  the  calcite  and 
the  non-amalgamable  in  the  pyrite. 


Wet  Magnetic    Separation   of   Ore       1 

Quincy  Bent,  of  Lebanon,  Penn.,  has 
patented  (U.  S.  Pats.  954,015  and  954,016 
April  5,  19101  a  process  and  an  apparatus 
for  magnetically  separating  pulverized 
ore.  The  operation  of  the  apparatus  is 
as  follows:  The  larger  part  of  a  stream 
of  water  from  the  inlet  A  flows  upward 
into  the  washing  chamber  B,  continues 
the  rotating  motion  given  it  by  the  vortex 
admission  device  C,  and  finally  overflow- 
ing at  D.  The  other  part  flows  downward 
and  out  through  the  pipe  E.     Water  car- 


Bent  Magnetic  Ore  Separator 

rying  the  crushed  or  pulverized  ore  en- 
ters the  compartment  F  and  from  there 
flows  to  the  settling  chamber  G,  the 
baffle  causing  the  heavy  tailings  to  de- 
scend to  pipe  H  and  the  lighter  to  K. 
As  the  ore  descends  in  the  settling  cham- 
ber, the  magnetic  particles  are  drawn 
laterally  into  the  passageway  L  by  the 
solenoid  M  while  the  tailings  fall  to  the 
bottom.  The  magnetic  concentrates  are 
advanced  by  the  screw  conveyer  driven 
by  the  pulley  at  the  end  of  the  shaft,  and 
are  discharged  into  the  upward  stream  of 
water  in  chamber  B,  through  which  they 
fall  and  leave  by  the  pipe  £.  The  up- 
ward flow  of  the  water  is  strong  enough 
to  carry  any  small  suspended  non-mag- 
netic particles  to  N,  the  overflow  pipe. 


Bounties  paid  by  the  Commonwealth 
of  .Australia,  under  the  act  for  encour- 
agement of  manufactures,  in  the  six 
months  ended  Dec.  31,  1909,  were:  Pig 
iron.  19,323  tons,  S56,347;  steel,  897 
tons.  S2618;  puddled  bars,  991  tons, 
,■^2890;  galvanized  sheets.  141  tons,  S97I; 
wire  screens.  1513  tons,  $12,383;  mak- 
ing $74,409  in  all. 


September  17,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


555 


Pyrite  Smelting  and  Sulphuric  Acid  Manufacture 

Several  Furnaces  Desirable  to  Produce  Gas  of  Uniform  Composition  and 
Quantity    for    Acid    Manufacture.     Proper    Furnace   Regulation  Essential 

BY  F.  J.  FALDING  *  AND  J.  PARKE  CHANNING  f 


Pyrite  smelting  is  a  method  of  matte- 
sniclting  sulphide  ores  having  iron  as  a 
base,  usually  in  combination  with  cop- 
per, nickel,  gold,  silver,  etc.  (pyrite, 
pyrrhotite,  chalcopyrite,  etc.)  This  method 
of  smelting  involves  the  utilization  as 
completely  as  practicable,  as  fuel  for  the 
smelting  process,  of  that  part  of  the  sul- 
phur contained  in  the  ore,  which  is  driven 
off  as  a  gas  in  the  preliminary  operations 
of  roasting  or  desulphurizing,  as  practiesd 
in  ordinary  blast-furnace  smelting. 

The  ore  as  it  is  taken  from  the  mine 
is  broken  into  moderate-sized  pieces  and 
together  with  the  necessary  flu.x  is  charged 
into  the  blast  furnace  with  only  sufficient 
coke  to  supply  what  heat  the  natural  fuel 
in  the  ore  (iron,  sulphur,  etc.)  may  be 
unable  to  supply. 

A  distinction  has  been  made  between 
pyrite  and  semi-pyrite  smelting.  In  t'.ie 
first  case  the  percentage  of  coke  used  to 
the  charge  is  small,  say  from  1  to  6  per 
cent.,  while  in  the  other  the  percentage 
is  greater,  say  7  to  12  per  cent.  This  dis- 
tinction is  of  doubtful  accuracy,  for  so 
Icng  as  any  coke  at  all  is  used,  the  smelt- 
ing is  only  partial  or  semi-pyritic.  The 
coke  is  used  either  because  the  sulphur 
and  iron  content  of  the  charge  is  insuf- 
ficient to  provide  fuel  for  the  smelting 
process,  or  because  the  sulphur  is  inef- 
ficiently used  on  account  of  improper 
furnace  construction  or  management. 
Examples  of  Furnace  Charge 

The  following  pro  forma  examples'  of 
furnace  charge  (omitting  fluxes)  com- 
posed of  pyrite  or  pyrrhotite,  or  mixed 
pyrite  and  pyrrhotite  ores,  containing  for 
purposes  of  illustration  copper,  but  not 
necessarily  representing  actual  charges 
for  matte  smelting,  will  best  explain  the 
calorific  power  of  the  iron  and  sulphur 
contents: 

(1)  Charge  of  100,000  kg.  contains 
32  per  cent,  sulphur  over  and  above  the 
sulphur  required  for  the  matte  and  40 
per  cent.  iron.  When  allowance  is  made 
for  the  complete  oxidation  of  the  avail- 
able sulphur  it  is  found  that  no  addition 
of  coke  is  required. 
S  32,000  kg.     -^    21(54   cal.   per  kg.   = 

69.248,000  cal. 
Fe   40,000   kg.    x    1173   cal.    per   kg.    = 

46,920,000  cal. 
Total  calories  available  per   100,000  kg. 
charge  —  116,168,000. 

•I'onsultlii!,'  clicmlciil  cuKlncpr.  .".."i  Rroail- 
«a.V.    New    Yiirk. 

Iv  **^'\"''",'"">-'  "I'n'iK  PHKlneoi'.  42  Biondwav. 
f.xew   inrk. 

l.iJ""'.",""''!'  "'■''  f'"'"  •""•■inM.ii-lcnl  Calciila- 
lllons.      by   .Tnspph    \V.    Itlchaicls. 


(2)  Charge  of  100,000  kg.  contains 
22  per  cent,  sulphur  over  and  above  the 
sulphur  required  for  the  matte  and  40 
per  cent,  iron,  then: 

S   22,000  kg.    X    2164   cal.   per   kg.   = 

47,608,000  cal. 

Fe   40,000   kg.    ,.     1173  cal.   per  kg.   = 

46,920,000  cal. 
Total  calories  available   per   100,000  kg. 

charge  ^  94,528,000  cal. 
Heat  shortage  as  compared  with  charge 
.     No.   1,  21,640,000  cal. 
Calories  available  in  charge  No.  1,  116,- 
168,000. 

The  amount  of  carbon  required  to  sup- 
ply this  shortage  of  heat  is: 
2677  kg.  X  8083.4  cal.  per  kg.  =  21,640,- 
000  cal.,  or  of  coke  containing  85  per 
cent,  carbon,  3.15  per  cent,  would  be  re- 
quired to  make  up  the  deficiency  of  sul- 
phur in  this  charge,  as  compared  with 
charge  No.  1. 

(3)  Charge  of  100,000  kg.  contains 
12  per  cent,  of  sulphur,  over  and  above 
the  sulphur  required  for  the  matte  and 
25  per  cent.   Fe,  then: 

S    12,000   kg.    :>    2164   cal.   per  kg.   = 

25,968,000  cal. 

Fe   25,000   kg.  1173  cal.   per  kg.   = 

29,325,000  cal. 
Total  calories  available  per  100,000  kg. 

charge  =  55,293,000  cal. 
Shortage  as  compared  with  charge  No.  1 

=   60,875,000  cal. 
Calories    available    in    charge    No.    1    = 

116,168,000. 
Whence  carbon  required  is: 

7531  kg.  V  8083.4  cal.  per  kg.  = 
60,875,000  cal. 
or  of  coke  containing  85  per  cent,  carbon, 
8.86  per  cent,  would  be  required  to  make 
up  the  deficiency  of  sulphur  and  iron  in 
this  charge  as  compared  with  charge 
No.  1. 

(4)  If     the     available      sulphur     in 
charge    No.    3    had    been    eliminated    by 
roasting  previously  to  smelting,  then: 
Fe   25,000   kg.    X    1173   cal.   per  kg.   = 

29,325,000  cal. 
Shortage  as  compared  with  charge  No.  1 

rr,  86,843,000  cal. 
Calories    available    in    charge    No.    1    = 

116,168.000. 
Whence  carbon  required  is: 
10,743    kg.    X    8083.4    cal,    per    kg.    = 

86,843,000  cal. 
or  of  coke,  containing  85  per  cent,  car- 
bon, 12.64  per  cent,  would  be  required 
to  make  up  the  deficiency  of  sulphur  in 
this  charge  as  compared  with  charge 
No.   I. 

In   addition   to    the    fuel    value    of   the 


sulphur  and  iron  contents  of  the  charge 
there  are  other  exothermic  reactions 
supposed  to  take  place  in  matte  smelting. 
For  example  where  the  flux  is  quartz, 
2FeO  -r  SiO=  i=  Fe=SiO.,  or  according 
to  Lang,  2  FeS  -f  SiO=  -f  20  =  (FeO). 
SiO;  4-  Si..  And  where  the  flux  is  lime- 
stone, CaO  +  SiO.  =  CaSiOa. 

Air    ADAtlTTED    AT    THE    TUYERES    DETER- 
MINES Constitution  of  the  Gas 

In  pyrite  smelting,  whether  with  or 
without  coke,  the  constitution  of  the 
gases  produced  (apart  from  irregularities 
in  the  functioning  of  the  furnace)  will  d.- 
pend  in  the  first  place  entirely  upon  the 
air  admitted  at  the  tuyeres.  If  only  suf- 
.Icient  air  is  admitted  at  the  tuyeres  to 
provide  oxygen  for  the  oxidizing  func- 
tions of  the  furnace,  including  such  con- 
stituents of  the  charge  as  after  oxidation 
pass  out  as  furnace  gases,  then,  if  no 
coke  is  used,  these  exit  gases  will  con- 
sist entirely  of  sulphur  dioxide  and  ni- 
trogen (together  with  flue  dust  and  fume )  ; 
or  if  coke  is  used,  then  the  gases  will 
consist  of  sulphur  dioxide,  carbon  diox- 
ide and  nitrogen. 

In  neither  case  would  the  result  ng 
gases  be  suitable  for  making  sulphuric 
acid,  as  there  would  be  no  oxygen  for 
the  conversion  of  the  sulphur  dioxide  to 
the  trioxide  (SO.  to  SO)  nor  would 
there  be  the  technically  necessary  excess 
of  oxygen. 

If  any  excess  of  air  is  admitted  at  the 
tuyreres,  there  will  be  a  corresponding 
excess  of  free  oxygen  in  the  result- 
ing gas,  whether  smelting  with  or 
without  coke.  This  excess  can  be 
so  regulated  that  the  resultant  gases  will 
have  the  proper  composition  as  well  as 
sufficient  free  oxygen  for  sulphuric  acid 
purposes,  provided:  (I)  That  the  car- 
bon or  coke  on  the  charge  is  not  in  such 
excess  that  to  admit  sufficient  air  to  pro- 
vide the  necessary  free  oxygen  for  the 
sulphuric-acid  process,  would  dilute  the 
resulting  gas  below  4  to  5  per  cent.  SOj 
or  below  a  practical  strength  for  making 
sulphuric  acid,  and  (2)  that  such  admis- 
sion of  extra  air  at  the  tuyeres  would  not 
interfere  with  the  smelting  operation. 

If  such  admission  of  air  in  excess  at 
the  tuyeres  would  interfere  with  the 
smelting  process,  then  in  both  cases 
(with  or  without  coke)  additional  oxycen 
would  have  to  be  added  to  the  gas  at 
some  place  between  the  top  of  the  fur- 
nace burden  for  the  issuing  point  rf  the 
gas  from  the  charge)  and  the  app-ratus 
where  the  further  oxidation  takes  place; 


656 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


or  the  excess  of  air  may  be  admitted  into 
the  apparatus  itself. 

Impossibility  of  Controlling  Composi- 

siTioN  OF  Gas  by  Air  Supply  at 

Tuyeres 

If  it  were  possible  to  maintain  an 
exact  and  constant  equilibrium  be- 
tween the  oxygen  supplied  at  the 
tuyeres  and  the  oxidizable  contents 
of  the  charge,  then  a  gas  of  uni- 
form composition  would  result.  For  many 
reasons  this  is  technically  an  impossibil- 
ity, and  consequently  the  gas  issuing 
from  the  furnace  is  irregu'ar  rnd  fluctu- 
ating. Sometimes  the  free  oxygen  is  ex- 
cessive, sometimes  it  is  normal,  and  more 
often  it  is  deficient  or  entirely  wanting 
(as  evidenced  by  the  volatilization  of 
sulphur  and  presence  of  CO). 

If  the  necessary  quantity  of  oxygen 
■were  to  be  supplied  at  the  tuyreres,  then 
the  volume  admitted  would  have  to  be  me- 
chanically regulated  in  conformity  with 
the  analysis  of  the  issuing  gas.  With  the 
volume  and  pressure  of  the  air  remain- 
ing constant,  the  issuing  gas  must  ne- 
cessarily fluctuate  as  long  as  the  charg- 
ing of  the  furnaces  is  intermittent,  for 
the  furnace  burden  just  after  charging 
will  contain  more  sulphur,  iron  and  coke 
than  it  does  just  before  charging. 

If  the  regulation  of  the  supply  of  oxy- 
gen is  to  be  provided  above  the  charge, 
this  can  be  accomplished,  either  by  in- 
creasing the  draft  which  is  used  to  carry 
away  the  gas  and  thus  induce  the  admis- 
sion of  air  through  openings  provided  in 
the  top  of  the  furnace;  or  the  contrary, 
by  decreasing  the  draft  to  reduce  the  ad- 
mission of  air  through  these  openings;  or 
otherwise  by  taking  all  precaptions 
against  the  admission  of  false  air  by  pro- 
viding air-tight  furnace  tops  so  that  the 
gas  will  not  be  diluted  and  the  draft  re- 
main constant,  when  any  deficiency  of 
oxygen  can  be  supplied  by  mechanical 
contrivances  such  as  fans,  blowing  en- 
gines, etc.,  which  can  deliver  a  controlled 
volume  of  air. 

Two  Sets  of  Tuyeres  for  Providing 
Excess   Air 

If  the  furnace  be  provided  with  a  sec- 
ond set  of  tuyeres  above  the  smelting 
zone,  the  necessary  excess  of  air  might 
be  provided  without  interfering  with  the 
smelting  zone  and  in  such  a  way  as  to 
secure  the  complete  combustion  of  the 
sulphur  which  is  partly  driven  off  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  furnace  burden,  and 
also  to  prevent  the  formation  of  crusts 
and  bridges  in  the  burden  and  probably 
also  the  more  rapid  formation  of  a  higher- 
grade  matte. 

More  careful  attention  to  the  method  of 
charging  the  furnace  in  pyrite  smelting 
will  produce  better  metallurgical  results 
as  well  as  a  more  constant  gas.  Such 
considerations  would  be:  ( 1)  An  approx- 
imate sizing  of  the  constituents  of  the 
charge;    (2)    the    more    thr rough    admix- 


ture of  the  charge;  (3)  the  greater  regu- 
larity in  the  distribution  of  the  charge, 
and  in  the  time  of  charging,  smaller  and 
more  frequent  changes  being  used — or 
some  method  of  continuous  charging. 

From  the  above  it  is  evident  that  to 
make  the  gas  from  pyrite  smelting  suit- 
able for  sulphuric-acid  purposes  two 
points  are  vital: 

( 1 )  That  there  shall  be  no  coke  in 
excess  of  a  percentage  on  the  sulphur 
content  of  the  charge,  which  maximum 
percentage  can  be  calculated  for  any 
given  charge. 

(2)  That  the  furnace  from  the  tuy- 
eres up  to  the  point  where  the  gases  are 
taken  to  the  acid  plant,  must  be  so  de- 
signed that  a  controlled  quantity  of  air 
in  excess  of  that  required  for  the  matte- 
smelting  process  can  be  admitted  (a), 
at  the  tuyeres,  or  (b),  between  the  tuy- 
eres and  the  top  of  the  furnace  bur- 
den, or  (c),  between  the  top  of  the  fur- 
nace burden  and  such  points  in  the  acid 
plant  up  to  where  the  sulphur  dioxide  is 
completely  oxidized,  or  (d),  in  part  at 
any  of  these  points.  All  admission  of 
false  air  must  be  prevented  as  far  as 
possible. 

Quantity  of  Air   Required 

Referring  to  the  pro  forma  charges, 
Nos.  1,  2  and  3,  previously  considered, 
the  following  calculations  will  show  the 
quantity  of  air  required  and  the  re- 
sulting gas  in  each  case.  In  these 
calculations,  gas  volumes  are  taken  at 
0  deg.  C.  and  760  mm.  barometric  pressure, 
air  at  79  per  cent,  nitrogen  and  21  per 
cent,  oxygen  by  volume,  and  77  per  cent, 
nitrogen  and  23  per  cent,  oxygen  by 
weight.  The  sulphur  content  of  the 
charge  in  every  case  is  that  available  for 
forming  SO,  after  deducting  the  sulphur 
required  for  the  matte,  etc. 

Pro  Forma  Charge  No.   1 

In  this  charge  there  is  assumed  to  be 
32  per  cent.  S  and  40  per  cent.  Fe  avail- 
able for  oxidation.  The  32,000  kg.  of 
sulphur  require  32,000  kg.  of  oxygen  to 
form  SO,,  and  40,000  kg.  of  iron  require 
!  1,429  kg.  of  oxygen  to  form  FeO, 
whence  the  oxygen  required  is  43,429  kg., 
and  this  takes  145,400  kg.  of  nitrogen  to 
form  air;  therefore,  the  amount  of  air 
required  is  188,829  kg.  This  will  produce 
64,000  kg.  of  SO,  or  30.57  per  cent,  bv 
weight,  and  145,400  kg.  of  nitrogen  or 
69.43  per  cent,  by  weight,  making  a  total 
of  209,400  kg.  of  gas.  Expressing  the 
same  in  volumes,  the  64.000  kg.  of 
SO,  V  0.35  =  22,400  kl.  SO,  or  16.2 
per  cent,  by  volume,  and  the  145,400  kg. 
NX  0.8=  116.320  kl.  N  or  83.8  per 
cent,  by  volume,  yielding  209,400  kg.  of 
gas,  or  138,720  kiloliters.  To  this  gas 
must  be  added  sufficient  air  to  supply 
free  oxygen  for  the  oxidation  of  SO,  to 
SO,  together  with  a  technical-working  ex- 
cess of  air  of  at  least  6  per  cent,  oxygen 
content.     If  100  volumes  of  air  be  added 


to  110  volumes  of  the  above  gas,  the 
percentage  composition  of  the  210  vol- 
umes of  gas  resulting  would  be:  SO,, 
8.5;  O,  10.0;  and  N,  81.5  per  cent.  A 
gas  of  this  composition  would  be  emi- 
nently suitable  for  the  manufacture  of 
sulphuric   acid. 

Pro  Forma  Charge  No.  2 

This  charge  has  available  for  oxidation: 
Sulphur,  22;  iron,  40;  and  carbon, 
2.667  per  cent,  (coke,  3.15  per  cent).  The 
40,000  kg.  of  iron  require  11,429  kg.  of 
oxygen  to  form  FeO,  the  22,000  kg.  of 
sulphur  require  22,000  kg.  of  oxygen  to 
form  SO,  and  the  2,677  kg.  of  carbon  re- 
quire 7,140  kg.  of  oxygen  to  form  CO:, 
making  a  total  of  40,569  kg.  of  oxygen 
required.  This  will  take  135,818  kg.  of 
nitrogen  to  form  air,  so  that  the  total 
amount  of  air  required  will  be  176,387  kg. 
This  will  produce  44,000  kg.  SO.  or  23.2 
per  cent,  by  weight,  and  9,817  kg.  CO,, 
or  5.2  per  cent,  by  weight,  and  135,818  kg. 
N  or  71.6  per  cent,  by  weight,  making 
a  total  of  189,635  kg.  of  gas. 

By  volume,  44,000  kg.  SO:  X  0.35  = 
15,400  kl.,  or  11.9  per  cent.,  9,817  kg.  CO. 
X  0.509  =  4,997  kl.,  or  3.9  per  cent.,  and 
1,35,818  kg.  N  X  0.8  =  108,655  kl.,  or  84.2 
per  cent.,  or  a  total  of  129,052  kl.  of  gas. 
To  this  gas  must  be  added  sufficient  air  to 
supply  free  oxygen  for  the  oxidation  of 
SO,  to  SO,,  together  with  a  technical 
working  excess  of  at  least  5  per  cent, 
oxygen.  If  100  volumes  of  air  be  added 
to  147  volumes  of  the  above  gas,  then 
the  percentage  composition  of  the  247 
volumes  of  gas  resulting  would  be:  SO:, 
7.1;  CO,,  2.3;  N,  82.1;  O,  8.5  per  cent. 
This  gas  would  also  be  excellent  for 
making  sulphuric  acid. 

Pro  Forma  Charge  No.  3 

There  is  assumed  to  be  available  in 
this  charge:  Sulphur,  12;  iron,  25;  and 
carbon,  7.531  per  cent,  (coke,  8.86  per 
cent.)  The  25,000  kg.  of  iron  require 
7,143  kg.  of  oxygen  to  form  FeO,  12,000 
kg.  sulphur  require  12,000  kg.  of  oxygen 
to  form  SO,  and  7,531  kg.  of  carbon  re- 
quire 20,083  kg.  of  oxygen  to  form  C0„ 
making  a  total  oxygen  requirement  of 
39,226  kg.,  which  calls  for  131,322  kg.  of 
nitrogen  to  form  air;  whence  the  total 
amount  of  air  required  will  be  170,548  kg. 
This  will  produce  24,000  kg.,  or  13.1  per 
cent,  by  weight  of  SO,,  27,614  kg.,  or  15 
per  cent,  hy  weight  of  CO,  and  131,322' 
kg.,  or  71.9  per  cent,  by  weight  of  nitro- 
gen, or  a  total  gas  production  of  182,936 

kg.  i 

By    volume,    24,000    kg.    SO,  X  0.35-   11 
8400  kl.,  or  6.6  per  cent.;  27,614  kg.  CO, 
X  0.509=  14,056  kl.,  or   11.0  per  cent;  ^ 
131,322  kg.  N  X  0.8  =  105,058  kl.,  or  82.4  I 
per  cent.,  or  a  total  of  127,514  kl.  of  gas.   I 
To  this  gas  must  be  added  sufficient  ait   I 
to  supply  free  oxygen  for  the  oxidation 
of  SO,  to  SO,,  together  with  a  technical 
working  excess   of  at  least  5  per  cent 
oxygen.     If  100  volumes  of  air  be  added 


September  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


557 


to  200  volumes  of  the  above  gas,  the  per- 
centage composition  of  the  300  volumes 
of  gas  resulting  would  be:  SO-,  4.4; 
CO.,  7.3;  N,  81.3;  and  O,  7.0  per  cent. 

This  gas  could  only  be  used  for  making 
sulphuric  acid  under  any  one  of 
the  following  e.\ceptional  circumstances: 
(1)  when  other  manufacturing  costs  are 
low;  (2)  with  a  market  in  the  immediate 
neighborhood  or  with  the  acid  used  for 
consumption  at  the  point  of  manufacture; 


required  for  matte  and,  ( 1 )  the  per- 
centage of  coke  (85  per  cent,  carbon) 
required  for  the  smelting  process,  and 
(2)  the  percentage  of  SOl-  in  the  gas  pro 
duced.  The  air  supply  is  that  required 
for  the  oxidation  of  the  iron,  carbon  and 
sulphur  contents  of  the  charge,  and  the 
further  oxidation  of  all  SO.,  produced  to 
SOj,  and  an  additional  amount  sufficient 
to  provide  5  per  cent,  surplus  oxygen. 
The  coke  curves  for  fixed  iron  contents 


Tfit  Eixginttring  ^  Mtiung  Journat 


Curves  Showing  Percentage  of  Gas  Produced  Under  Different 
Conditions  of  Charge 


(3)  when  other  sources  of  supply  of  sul- 
phur are  costly. 

Graphical  Representation  of  Relation 

BETWEEN  Sulphur  Content,  Coke 

and  SO-  IN  Gas  Produced 

Based  on  the  foregoing  data,  the  ac- 
companying curves  have  been  prepared, 
showing  for  furnace  charges  containing 
20,  30  and  40  per  cent,  of  iron  the  relation 
between  the  sulphur  content,  above   that 


bear  a  linear  relation  to  the  sulphur  con- 
tent, as  any  reduction  in  the  sulphur  con- 
tent must  be  replaced  by  its  heat  equiva- 
lent  in   carbon. 

The  gas  curves  are  a  trifle  more  com- 
plex. At  sulphur  contents  low  enough  to 
require  the  addition  of  coke,  a  reduction 
in  iron  content  reduces  the  per  cent.  SO; 
in  the  gas,  because  the  iron  must  be  re- 
placed by  its  thermal  equivalent  of  car- 
bon which  requires  0.33  kg.  of  oxygen  per 


1000  calories  produced  against  0.244  kg. 
per  1000  calories  for  iron.  Where  the 
charge  is  such,  however,  that  no  coke 
is  required,  a  decrease  in  iron  content 
causes  a  reduction  in  the  amount  of  nitro- 
gen introduced  with  the  oxygen  required 
by  the  iron,  and  a  correspondingly  richer 
gas,  provided,  of  course,  that  this  re- 
duction of  iron  is  not  sufficient  to  make 
the  addition  of  coke  necessary.  Thus  it 
will  be  seen  that  at  some  high  sulphur 
value  the  curves  must  cross. 

Where  coke  is  required  for  smelting, 
any  increase  in  sulphur  content  enriches 
the  gas  by  the  addition  of  sulphur  dio- 
xide, and  by  a  reduction  of  the  coke  re- 
quired and  of  the  carbon  dioxide  and 
nitrogen  which  the  combustion  of  the 
coke  adds  to  the  total  gas.  Where  coke  is 
not  required  an  increase  in  sulphur  con- 
tent adds  to  the  gas  in  the  first  manner 
only,  accounting  for  an  abrupt  change  in 
the  inclination  of  the  curves,  at  the  point 
where  coke  no  longer  forms  part  of  the 
charge. 

Production  of  a  Uniform  Gas  Supply 
Difficult  with  One  Furnace 

So  far,  the  question  of  producing  a  gas 
from  pyrite  smelting,  suitable  for  making 
sulphuric  acid,  has  been  considered  from 
the  point  of  view  of  one  smelting  fur- 
nace. Whether  the  gas  from  one  smelt- 
ing furnace  can  be  used  economically  for 
this  purpose  is  more  or  less  doubtful.  If 
all  the  precautiorts  previously  mentioned 
are  observed  and  the  furnace  is  properly 
regulated  and  great  care  taken  in  the 
management  of  the  furnace,  campaigns 
will  undoubtedly  be  lengthened,  inter- 
ruptions to  the  process  avoided  and  a 
reasonably  uniform  gas  produced  and,  at 
the  same  time,  the  operation  of  the  fur- 
nace will  be  greatly  improved.  But  when 
the  furnace  is  shut  down  for  any  reason 
it  causes  an  interruption  in  the  running  of 
the  acid  plant  which  is  undesirable. 

The  case  is  different,  however,  when 
there  are  a  plurality  of  furnaces.  In 
this  case  the  furnaces  must  be  provided 
with  gas  outlets  discharging  both  into  the 
main  flue  from  which  gas  is  taken  to  the 
sulphuric-acid  plant  and  also  into  a  by- 
pass flue  connecting  with  the  stack  or  dis- 
charge into  the  air.  Both  these  exits  must 
be  provided  with  well-fitting  valves  or 
dampers  easily  operated.  Then  it  will  be 
possible  to  cut  out  any  furnace  which 
ii  dead  or  for  other  reason  is  not 
producing  a  suitable  gas  and  con- 
nect it  direct  to  the  stack.  The  other  fur- 
naces, discharging  into  a  cotnmon  flu., 
dust  chamber  or  other  reservoir  froin 
which  gas  is  taken  to  the  acid  plant,  will 
then  produce  an  average  gas  which  is 
much  more  likely  to  remain  constant  in 
its  composition  than  the  gas  from  any 
single  furnace. 

Gas  Requirements  in  Acid  Man- 
ufacture 
The  principal  requirement  in  sulphuric- 
acid  making  is  a  constant  and  steady  sup- 


558 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


ply  of  gas  of  regular  composition.  In  the 
acid  plant  the  sulphur  dioxide  and  oxygen 
contents  of  the  gas  have  to  be  met  by  reg- 
ular and  corresponding  percentages  of 
nitrous  oxides  and  water  vapor  and  the 
regulation  of  these  constituents  becomes 
exceedingly  difficult  when  the  sulphur 
dioxide  and  oxygen  consent  of  the  gas  is 
unduly  fluctuating.  It  is  absolutely  use- 
less to  expect  to  make  sulphuric  acid 
from  pyrite-smeltery  gases  unless:  (1) 
The  furnaces  and  appurtenances  have 
been  thoroughly  and  carefully  built  or 
remodeled  with  a  view  to  the  production 
of  a  suitable  and  regular  gas  and  the  fur- 
naces are  maintained  in  such  condition; 
(2)  unless  reasonable  care  is  taken  both 
as  to  charge,  blast  at  the  tuyeres  and 
draft  for  the  production  of  a  suitable  and 
uniform  gas;  (3)  unless  there  is  a  com- 
plete harmonious  understanding  of  the 
required  conditions  between  the  smeltery 
manager  and  the  acid-plant  manager,  or 
unless  the  two  plants  are  under  the  same 
direct  control. 

At  the  same  lime  the  production  of  a 
steady  stream  of  gas  of  constant  com- 
position involves  a  regular  and  desirable 
metallurgical  working  of  the  furnaces,  so 
that  care  in  the  management  of  the  fur- 
nace pays  for  itself  in  both  directions. 
The  utilization  of  the  gas  from  pyrite 
smelting  in  the  manufacture  of  sulphuric 
acid,  after  the  necessary  changes  have 
been  made  to  the  plant,  involves  nothing 
but  reasonable  care  on  the  part  of  the 
smeltery  manager.  When  the  metallur- 
gical functions  of  the  furnace  are  at  their 
best,  then  the  gas  will  also  be  best  suited 
for  acid  making. 

Installation  of  Acid  Plant  at  Smelt- 
ery Not  Always  Profitable 

There  is  a  general  misapprehension, 
relative  to  the  question  of  making  sul- 
phuric acid  from  smeltery  fumes,  and 
that  is,  that  the  sulphur  costing  nothing 
and  being  the  principal  item  of  cost  in 
sulphuric-acid  making,  large  quanti- 
ties of  acid  can  be  made  and  profitably 
tiansported  to  any  distance. 

This  is  inaccurate  in  many  respects,  for 
the  cost  of  changes  to  the  smeltery  plant 
and  the  additional  cost  of  manufacture 
entailed  by  the  fluctuating  and  often  im- 
pure character  of  the  gas  produced  must 
be  taken  into  considerction  as  additional 
process  costs  against  the  by-product  acid 
and  in  favor  of  the  regular  chemical  man- 
ufacturer. The  latter  roasts  pyrites  in 
regular  kilns  carefully  adapted  for  that 
special  purpose  and  often  has  a  substan- 
tial credit  against  the  cost  of  making  acid 
by  the  sale  of  the  pyrites  cinders  as  an 
lion  ore  to  the  blast  furnaces.  This  credit 
will  average  about  70c.  per  ton  of  60 
deg.  B.  acid. 

The  cost  of  Spanish  pyrites  at  central 
inland  ooints  such  as  Atlanta,  Ga.,  or 
Columbus,  O.,  will  average  about  S3.70 
per  ton  of  60  deg.  B.  acid,  aid  according 
to  whether  the  cinder  is  sold  or  not.  mav 


be  said  to  vary  between  S3  and  S4  per  ton 
of  60  deg.  B.  sulphuric  acid  at  inland 
cities.  Some  of  these  cities  secure  part 
of  their  pyrites  locally.  For  instance,  Chi- 
cago draws  a  certain  amount  of  her  sup- 
ply from  the  marcasite  which  occurs  with 
the  Wisconsin  zinc  ores.  St.  Louis  also 
has  local  pyrites  mines.  In  fact,  the  by- 
product gases  from  the  zinc  smelteries 
will  always  control  the  acid  production  of 
that  part  of  the  United  States  from  Chi- 
cago on  the  north  to  Memphis  on  the 
south,  and  extending  possibly  as  far  east 
as  Cleveland  and  Pittsburg. 

Situation  of  Smeltery  Determines 
Question  of  H,S04  Manufacture 
It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  the  profit- 
able exploitation  of  the  by-product  gases 
at  any  given  smeltery  will  be  limited: 
(1)  By  a  freight  rate  to  point  of  con- 
sumption of  from  below  S3  minimum  to 
$4  maximum  per  ton  of  60  deg.  B.  acid, 
at  which  point  the  manufacturer  of  the 
by-product  acid  and  the  regular  manu- 
facturer will  be  on  the  same  footing;  (2) 
the  sale  of  such  by-product  acid  must  be 
made  in  a  territory  which  cannot  be  more 
profitably  entered  by  any  other  smelter 
who  manufactures  by-product  acid. 

For  example,  zinc  ores  are  now  brought 
east  profitably  from  Colorado  for  smelt- 
ing and  the  production  of  by-product  acid. 
A  smelter  in  Colorado  could  hardly  com- 
pete as  a  sulphuric-acid  maker  with  a 
smelter  in  Illinois  who  is  an  acid  maker. 
The  freight  on  ore  is  comparatively  low, 
whereas  the  freight  on  acid  is  not  only 
high,  but  as  shipments  must  be  made  in 
tank  cars,  these  cars  have  to  be  returned 
empty  and  have  to  be  maintained  in  good 
condition,  and  as  they  are  generally  the 
property  of  the  acid  maker,  the  cost  of 
maintenance  and  amortization  must  be 
added  to  the  cost  of  acid. 


Searchlight  District,  Nevada 
Special  Correspondence 

Searchlight  is  situated  in  the  southern 
part  of  Lincoln  county,  Nev.,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  of  the  main  line  of 
the  Santa  Fe  railroad,  leaving  Goff,  Cal. 
This  old  camp  experienced  great  activity 
during  1905,  1906  and  1907;  at  present 
production  is  not  large  but  it  is  probable 
that  there  will  be  an  increase  before 
many  months.  The  principal  operations 
of  the  district  are  those  of  the  Quartette 
Mining  Company,  Duplex  Mining  and 
Milling  Company  and  Searchlight  Min- 
ing and  Milling  Company. 

The  Quartette  mine,  now  under  opera- 
tion by  Boston  capitalists,  is  said  to  have 
produced  about  S2,500,000  and  to  have 
paid  dividends  to  the  amount  of  $375,000. 
It  is  developed  by  shaft  to  a  depth  of 
1200  ft.,  with  about  5000  ft.  of  drifts. 
The  mine  makes  sufficient  water  to  sup- 
ply the  mill.  The  shaft  is  equipped  with 
a      lOO-h.p.      Fairbanks-Morse     gasolene 


hoist  and  a  25-h.p.  auxiliary  hoist.  Water 
is  handled  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  by 
a  Cornish  pump  and  from  the  500  level 
by  a  triplex  pump.  Forty  men  are  em- 
ployed and  the  mine  is  producing  about 
2000  tons  of  ore  per  month;  the  average 
grade  of  the  ore  is  about  S15  per  ton  in 
gold. 

Ore  now  mined  is  treated  by  straight 
amalgamation,  the  mill  consisting  of 
gyratory  crushers  and  40  stamps.  A  150- 
ton  cyanide  plant  is  treating  the  tailings 
produced  by  the  mill  in  former  days. 
The  Quartette  company  owns  300  acres 
of  patented  ground  in  the  main  group  and 
the  same  acreage  in  outside  claims. 

Duplex  Mine 

The  Duplex  mine  has  changed  hands 
many  times  since  its  discovery  in  1896 
and  is  now  being  operated  by  G.  F.  Col- 
ton,  of  Los  Angeles,  the  original  locator. 
The  first  discovery  of  mineral  in  the  dis- 
trict was  made  at  this  mine.  Develop- 
ment has  been  extended  to  a  vertical 
depth  of  800  ft.,  with  about  3000  ft.  of 
drifts.  The  hoist  is  of  the  Fairbanks- 
Morse  type  and  is  operated,  together  with 
the  pump,  by  power  derived  from  gaso- 
lene engines.  Ore  is  treated  in  a  10- 
stamp  .mill  and  50-ton  cyanide  plant. 

Searchlight  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany 

The  property  of  the  Searchlight  Min- 
ing and  Milling  Company,  situated  two 
miles  northeast  of  Searchlight,  has  been 
operated  almost  continuously  for 
about  six  years,  and  is  now  under  control 
of  Senator  Carter  and  associates,  of  Los 
Angeles.  The  mine  is  developed  by  a 
400-ft.  shaft  and  makes  more  than  suffi- 
cient water  to  supply  the  mill.  The 
pumping  problem  has,  at  times,  been  a 
serious  one,  but  it  is  understood  that  the 
situation  is  well  in  hand  now.  Present 
work  consists  in  retimbering  the  shaft 
and  opening  some  of  the  lower  levels.  It 
is  expected  that  the  mine  will  be  in  shape 
to  produce  about  30  tons  of  ore  per  day 
within  a  short  time.  There  is  a  10-stamp 
mill  and  a  50-ton  cyanide  plant  on  this 
property. 

In  addition  to  the  above  operations, 
there  are  some  leasers  and  prospectors  at 
work,  but  there  is  no  property  that  holds 
out  promise  of  becoming  a  large  pro- 
ducer in  the  near  future.  The  average 
ore  of  the  district  carries  about  $15  per 
ton  in  gold  and  some  promising  prospects 
are  open  for  development.  Reports  are 
licard  of  contemplated  operations,  but 
nothing  definite  has  been  learned  regard- 
ing them. 


I 


The  exports  of  phosphate  from  Tunis 
in  1909,  according  to  U.  S.  Consular 
Agent  Auguste  J.  Proux,  were  valued  at 
S5,923,000,  against  .$6,117,000  in  1908. 
The  leading  producer  is  the  Societe  des 
Phosphates  et  du  Chemin  de  Fer  de 
Gafsa. 


September  17,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


559 


The  Asbestos  Industry  in  Central  Wyoming 


BYF.  H.BARROW* 


Central  Wyoming  may  soon  become  an 
important  factor  in  the  asbestos  industry, 
judging  from  present  activity  in  that  re- 
gion. Within  the  last  three  months  the 
district  has  been  visited  by  a  representa- 
tive of  the  London  company  said  to  con- 
trol 90  per  cent,  of  the  European  pro- 
duct, as  well  as  by  several  representatives 
of  the  larger  Canadian  operators.  It  is 
stated  that  they  have  endeavored  to  se- 
cure options  on  the  various  properties 
now  being  developed. 

At  present  the  following  five  companies 
are  operating  in  the  district:  The  United 
States  Asbestos  Company,  North  Ameri- 
can, International,  Wyoming  Consolidated 
and  Rochester-Wyoming.  All  save  the 
latter  have  headquarters  at  Casper,  Wyo. 
The  Rochester- Wyoming  is  a  new  com- 
pany, having  recently  taken  over  what  is 


development  which,  with  the  installation 
of  machinery  now  in  progress,  will  soon 
place  Wyoming  in  the  producing  class. 
Only  the  two  districts  of  asbestos-bearing 
rock  mentioned  have  thus  far  been  pros- 
pected to  any  considerable  extent,  but  the 
presence  of  the  rock  is  indicated  by  out- 
croppings  from  Casper  mountain  to 
Laramie  peak,  a  disiance  of  more  than 
100  miles. 

Cross   Fiber   Veins  in   Serpentine 

In  both  districts  asbestos  occurs  in  the 
serpentine  in  the  form  of  cross-fiber 
veins;  it  is  chiefly  chrysotile,  except  for 
a  small  quantity  of  slip  fiber  which  oc- 
curs sporadically  in  the  serpentine.  In 
the  solid  rock  it  is  olive  green  and  amber 
green  in  color,  and  when  fiberized  be- 
comes a  mass  of  fine,  soft   threads,  in 


General  View  of  Casper  Mountain  Asbestos  Region,  Wyoming. 


known  as  the  Wells  properties  in  Mormon 
canon  near  Glenrock,  25  miles  east  of  the 
Casper  district.  This  company  recently 
shipped  machinery  from  Denver.  The 
others  have  been  developing  for  several 
years,  the  Wyoming  Consolidated  having 
installed  crushing,  fiberizing  and  separat- 
ing plants  last  fall  which  will  be  in  op- 
eration during  the  coming  summer. 

Wvoming  Asbestos  of  Good  Quality 

The  discovery  of  asbestos  in  Wyoming 
is  not  new,  for  as  early  as  1905  it  was 
■nentioned  in  a  Geological  Survey  report 
IS  "of  excellent  quality  and  good  length, 
the  dike  having  been  traced  and  pros- 
pected for  several  miles."  Indifferent 
levelopment  and  remoteness  from  trans- 
Jortation  have  retarded  the  work  in  this 
"egion,  but  last  year  witnessed  the  in- 
jroduction  of  large  capital  and  intelligent 

•713  Twpinii  streot,  WnsIihiKton.   II.  f. 


extreme  cases  four  inches  in  length.  The 
veins  rarely  attain  two  inches  in  thick- 
ness, however,  the  larger  ones  being  gen- 
erally jointed  or  banded  parallel  to  the 
vein  walls,  thus  parting  the  fiber  into 
shorter  lengths.  These  cross-fiber  veins 
are  so  abundant  in  many  places  that  they 
form  from  30  to  60  per  cent,  of  the 
banded  rock. 

Wyoming  Fields  Said  to  Be  Richer  and 

Greater  in  Extent  than  the 

Canadian  Fields 

The  belts  of  banded  rock  range  from 
one  to  40  ft.  in  thickness.  A  part  of 
the  serpentine  is  covered  by  soil  as  in 
the  Canadian  field,  but  large  exposures 
are  found  in  the  two  districts  named. 
Here  weathering  is  deep  and  impairs  the 
quality  of  the  fiber.  The  best  exposures 
of  fiber  are  in  some  of  the  deeper  shafts 
of    the    Wyoming    Consolidated,    where 


fiber  four  inches  in  length  has  been  found 
in  small  quantities.  Some  of  the  pro- 
duct from  this  mine,  which  was  hand- 
cobbed  and  made  into  pipe  covering,  has 
been  pronounced  satisfactory. 

State  Geologist  E.  P.  Hall,  of  Wyoming, 
who  recently  returned  from  an  extended 
inspection  tour  of  the  Canadian  fields 
near  Thetford  and  Black  lake,  Quebec, 
is  authority  for  the  statement  that  the 
Wyoming  fields  are  not  only  greater  in 
area,  but  richer,  and  may  be  worked  at 
about  one-third  the  cost  of  the  northern 
fields.  In  comparing  the  Canadian  fields 
with  those  of  central  Wyoming,  Geologist 
Hall  says: 

"Only  60  per  cent,  of  the  fiber-bearing 
rock  in  Canada  is  milled,  and  the  balance 
is  thrown  aside,  although  they  mill  rock 
which  contains  as  low  as  3  per  cent,  as- 
bestos. The  Wyoming  rock  carries  an 
average  of  35  per  cent,  fiber,  and  in 
certain  localities  veins  300  ft.  wide  may 
be  traced  for  miles.  The  Canadian  fields 
produce  only  a  small  proportion  of  No. 
1  and  No.  2  fiber,  while  over  half  of 
the  ore  thus  far  taken  from  the  Wyoming 
veins  will  carry  spinning  fiber." 

Fiber  Clean  and  Free  from  Iron 

Geologist  Hall,  in  his  report  just  made 
public,  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  serpentine  from  Wyoming  is  so  soft 
it  may  be  mined  and  milled  at  about  one- 
third  the  cost  of  handling  the  Canadian. 
The  Wyoming  fiber  is  so  clean  and  free 
from  iron  that  it  may  be  used  for  many 
purposes — notably,  water  filtering — where 
the   Canadian  cannot. 

Recently,  a  shipment  of  1690  lb.  of 
rock  from  the  deepest  shaft  of  the 
Wyoming  Consolidated,  put  through  the 
Powell  mills  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  turned  out 
748  lb.  of  fiber,  over  40  per  cent.  The 
grades  were  as  follows:  No.  1,  138  lb.; 
No.  2,  83  lb.;  No.  3,  80  lb.;  No.  4,  90 
lb.;  No.  6,  353  lb.;  No.  6,  4  lb.  The 
"roofing,"  weighing  134  lb.,  was  not  in- 
cluded in  the  above  figures.  The  cost  of 
milling  was  estimated  from  this  test  at 
about  one-third  that  of  the  Canadian. 

Samples  from  the  Casper  district  tested 
in  Europe  revealed  a  moisture  loss  of 
only  10.3  per  cent.,  while  the  loss  to  the 
Canadian  product  under  the  same  test 
was  12  per  cent.  In  these  tests  the 
Wyoming  fyoduct  became  brittle  but  did 
not  fuse  or  crumble,  while  the  Canadian 
asbestos  fused  and  went  to  powder.  Be- 
cause of  its  high  quality,  the  great  area 
in  which  it  is  found,  and  the  cheapness 
with  which  it  may  be  mined  and  milled, 
the  Wyoming  product  is  bound  to  attract 
attention. 


560 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


Experiments  with  Portland  Cement  Cupels 

BY  T.  P.  HOLT  AND  N.  C.  CHRISTENSEN* 


Old  as  is  the  process  of  cupellation,  it 
still  offers  a  large  field  for  investigation, 
both  as  to  the  operation  itself  and  the 
materials  employed.  The  importance  of 
proper  temperatures  is  well  recognized 
and  much  data  are  available  on  silver 
losses  in  the  common  bone-ash  cupel. 
The  effect  of  different  materials  used  in 
the  cupel  has  also  been  the  subject  of 
some  investigation,  but  as  yet  mention 
has  seldom  been  made  of  the  use  of  port- 
land  cement  for  this  purpose,  although  it 
has  been  substituted  for  bone  ash  in  a 
number  of  assay  offices.  Since  it  is  inex- 
pensive and  nearly  always  at  hand,  the 
assayer  may  find  it  a  convenient  make- 
shift if  not  a  permanent  substitute  for 
bone  ash. 

Composition  of  Cupels 

A  large  number  of  experiments  have 
been  conducted  at  the  Utah  School  of 
Mines  to  determine  the  relative  merits 
of  Portland  cement  and  bone  ash  for 
cupels.  Cupels  of  cement  were  first  made 
up  with  from  2  to  20  per  cent,  water. 
It  was  found  that  with  less  than  5  per 
cent,  water  they  are  fragile,  and  with  20 
per  cent,  will  not  readily  pass  the  cupel 
machine.  Upon  heating,  the  cupels  with 
less  than  5  per  cent,  water  cracked  about 
the  edges,  as  did  also  those  containing 
from  15  to  20  per  cent.  It  was  decided, 
from  this  preliminary  work,  to  use  cupels 
containing  8  per  cent,  moisture.  They 
were  stronger  and  remained  intact  in  the 
furnace.  Batches  of  50  each  of  Red 
Devil  Portland  cement,  U.  S.  portland 
cement,  half  cement  and  half  60-mesh 
bone  ash,  and  60-mesh  bone  ash,  were 
then  made  with  as  near  uniform  com- 
pression as  possible. 

Gasolene  Furnace  Used 

A  gasolene  furnace  was  used  in  which 
a  good  regulation  of  temperature  was  se- 
cured by  increasing  or  decreasing  the 
supply  of  fuel.  Temperature  measure- 
ments were  made  with  a  Le  Chatelier 
thermoelectric  pyrometer,  consisting  of 
a  platinum  wire  and  a  platinum  (90  per 
cent.)  rodium  (10  per  cent.)  wire  con- 
nected to  a  high-resistance  galvanometer. 
The  instrument  had  previously  been  cali- 
brated and  the  curve  plotted  from  which 
the  temperature  for  any  deflection  could 
ht  read.  The  junction  of  the  thermo- 
couple was  inserted  in  a  hole  drilled  in 
the  side  of  the  cupel  and  extending  well 
beneath  the  bowl.  By  this  method  the 
actual   temperature  of  the  cupeling  lead 


button  was  secured,  which  would  not 
hiive  been  the  case  if  temperatures  had 
been  taken  above  the  button.  Some  tem- 
peratures were,  however,  taken  just  above 
the  molten  lead  for  purposes  of  compari- 
son. 

Deter.mining  Silver  Loss 

In  making  the  silver-loss  determina- 
tions, about  100  mg.  of  silver  were 
wrapped  in  pure  lead  foil  of  the  desired 


too  much  moisture,  due  to  imperfect  dry- 
ing, spitting  occurred  unless  the  cupels 
were  well  heated  previous  to  introducing 
the  lead  button.  If  properly  dried  they 
gave  no  trouble. 

Cupellation  Slightly  Faster  with 
Cement  Cupels 

The  comparative  rate  of  cupellation 
was  secured  by  cupeling  20  grams  of 
lead  in  each  of  the  cupels,  and  noting  the 


3.50 


3.00 


2.50 


>   2.00 


0.50 


0.00. 


.. 

. 

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5  10  15  20      Grams 

Grams  of  Lead  remaining  in  Cupel.     (Curve-L.) 
905°  915°  925°  935°  945°  955° 

Temperature  of  Cupellation.  '^'  ^"i'" 

Tests  with   Portland  Cement  Cupels 


965° 

nn^  ^  .Vi'nmjr  Journal 


I 


♦.state  .Scliool  of  Mines,  Unlverslt.v  of  UUiU. 
Salt  I.ake  City,  lUnli. 


weight.  The  cupels  were  arranged  in 
rows  of  four  each,  so  as  to  secure  uni- 
form conditions  in  the  four  kinds  tested. 
Two  hundred  fifty  cupellations  were 
performed  in  this  series.  In  addition 
about  1000  have  been  run  in  the  course 
of  the  regular  work,  and  these  have  con- 
firmed the  results  of  the  special  work. 

All  the  cupels  used  stood  up  well  un- 
less dried  too  rapidly,  when  a  slight 
checking  of  the  surface  of  the  cement 
occurred.  The  age  of  the  cupel  did  not 
afl'ect  the  results.    If  the  cupels  retained 


times  at  which  the  buttons  opened  and  the 
silver  beads  "blinked."  In  this  the  ce- 
ment cupels  had  a  slight  advantage  over 
the  bone  ash,  though  it  seemed  that  the 
litharge  was  absorbed  in  all  cases  as 
fast  as  it  was  formed. 

Though  the  litharge  was  readily  ab- 
sorbed, the  amount  of  material  used  in 
each  case  varied,  more  cement  than  bone 
ash  being  required  to  absorb  the  same 
amount  of  lead  oxide.  The  diffusion  of 
the  litharge  in  the  cement  was  greater. 
The  absorbing  power  of  the  cement  was 


September  17.  1910. 


THE    ENGIN'^ERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


561 


about  three-fourths  and  of  the  "half  and 
half"  about  four-fifths  that  or  the  bone 
ash.  This  was  determined  by  weighing 
the  cupels  before  and  after  cupellation 
(blanks  of  each  kind  being  run  to  correct 
for  moisture  loss),  the  difference  being 
the  amount  of  litharge  absorbed.  The 
cupels  were  then  carefully  broken  and 
the  parts  saturated  with  litharge,  again 
weighed,  the  unused  portion  of  the  cupel 
being  determined  by  difference. 

It  should  be  noted  here  that  the  diffu- 
sion of  the  litharge  increases  with  the 
imount  of  water  used  in  making  the 
;upel.  About  50  per  cent,  more  cement 
s  required  to  absorb  a  given  weight  of 
itharge  when  the  cupels  were  made  up 
Afith  12  per  cent-  moisture  than  when  2 
ler  cent,  was  used.  This  is  regarded  as 
lue  to  the  fact  that  a  large  number  of 
;rains  of  cement  become  chemically  set 
md  are  thus  rendered  impervious  to 
itharge.  In  other  words,  the  porosity  of 
he  medium,  essential  to  successful  cupel- 
ation,  is  partly  destroyed.  The  silver 
OSS  also  seems  to  vary  with  the  amount 
f  water  used,  reaching  a  minimum  with 

per  cent.  However,  the  results  on  this 
oint  are  not  conclusive. 

Temperature  Measurements 

A  special  series  of  temperature  meas- 
rements  was  taken  to  see  if  there  is 
ny  difference  in  the  temperature  of 
upellation  in  cupels  of  different  mate- 
als.  It  was  found  that  the  temperature 
■  all  cases  is  the  same,  the  button  freez- 
ig  as  soon  as  the  temperature  fell  to 
bout  900  deg.  C.  During  the  cupella- 
on  when  the  temperatures  in  the  cupels 
that  is,  of  the  lead  buttons)  were  910, 
50  and  950  deg.,  the  corresponding  tcm- 
;ratures  just  above  the  lead  were  690, 
M  and  770  deg. 


Relative  Silver  Loss 

The  point  of  most  vital  interest  in  the 
vestigation  was  the  relative  silver  losses 
the  different  cupels  at  various  tem- 
.ratures.  Table  1  show-s  the  average 
sses  for  about  100  cupellations  at  aver- 
se temperatures.  From  this  table  it  is 
en  that  for  temperatures  at  which  cupel- 
tion  should  be  conducted,  the  silver 
sses  are  practically  the  same  in  all 
ses.  It  should  be  noted,  however,  that 
r  the  first  few  temperatures  the  "half 
id  half"  has  the  advantage  over  both  the 
ment  and  the  bone  ash.  With  an  in- 
ease  in  temperature  to  945  deg.  C.  the 
lalf  and  half"  and  bone  ash  have  the 
me  per  cent.  loss.  And  both  have  a 
ght  advantage  over  the  cement.  With 
•^'ill  further  increase  in  temperature  to 
Jeg.  C.  the  bone  3sh  has  the  ad- 
mage,  followed  closely  by  the  "half  and 
If,"  both  having  a  considerable  ad- 
ntage  over  the  cement.  This  is  gra- 
/ically  shown  in  the  accompanying  illus- 
jttion. 


A  special  series  was  also  run  at  an 
average  temperature  of  930  deg.  C.  with 
cupels  made  of  Red  Devil  cement,  a 
high  grade  of  fine  bone  ash,  ordinary 
60-mesh  bone  ash  and  half  cement  and 
half  extra  quality  bone  ash.  The  silver 
losses  were  respectively  1.99,  1.79,  1.83 
and  1.44  per  cent.  The  point  of  special 
interest  in  this  case  is  the  much  lower 
loss,  in  the  e.\tra  "half  and  half,"  even 
though  the  extra  quality  of  bone  ash 
shows  a  higher  loss  than  ordinary  60- 
mesh  bone  ash. 

Surface  of  the  Cupel 

It  is  evident  from  these  experiments 
that  the  material  of  the  cupel  plays  an 
important  part  in  preventing  or  augment- 
ing the  silver  loss,  not  in  a  chemical  but 
in  a  physical  way.  The  action  which 
takes  place  appears  to  be  that  the  molten 
lead   is  "dry"  with   regard   to  the   cupel. 


TABLE    I.     LO:_,SES   AT  VARIOU.s 
TE.MPERATURES. 


Average 
Temp., 
Deg.  C. 

U.  S. 

Port. 
Cement. 
Percent. 

R.  D. 

Port. 
Cement. 
Percent. 

"  Half 

and 

Half." 

Percent. 

Bone 

.\sh. 
Percent. 

91.i 
925 
94.5 
963 

1..30 
1.81 
2..i3 
3..37 

1.34 
1.72 
2.56 
3.42 

1.21 
1.54 
2.42 
3.05 

1.26 
1.70 
2.42 
2.90 

The  lead  oxide  which  forms  on  the 
rounded  surface  of  the  lead  runs  down 
upon  the  cupel  surface,  to  which  it  is 
"wet"  and  is  therefore  readily  absorbed. 
In  this  way  the  surface  of  the  cupel  acts 
as  a  membrane  permeable  to  the  litharge 
but  impermeable  to  the  molten  lead  and 
thus  mechanically  separating  the  two. 
From  this  it  is  readily  seen  that  the 
character  and  material  of  the  surface  of 
Ihe  cupel  are  of  great  importance.  If  it 
presents  spots  of  material  which  are 
"wet"  by  the  lead,  or  which  combine 
with  the  litharge  to  form  material  "wet" 
by  the  lead,  there  will  be  an  absorption 
of  lead  and  a  consequent  loss  of  silver. 
It  should  be  noted  in  this  connection  that 
the  "half  and  half"  cupels  had  a  much 
smoother  and  finer-grained  surface  than 
either  the  cement  or  the  bone  ash,  and 
the  silver  loss  is  also  lower.  It  appears 
that  there  is  a  considerable  field  for  ex- 
periment as  to  those  mixtures  that  will 
best  fulfil  these  requirements. 

Silver  Losses  Mainly  Due  to  Tempera- 
ture Changes 

A  short  series  of  cupellations,  for  the 
purpose  of  finding  the  losses  in  lead  but- 
tons of  different  sizes,  showed  that  there 
was  a  slight  increase  in  silver  loss  with 
an  increase  in  the  size  of  the  lead  button, 
hut'  that  this  loss  is  not  nearly  so  im- 
portant as  that  due  to  a  slight  change  in 
temperature. 

A  series  of  cement  cupels  was  also 
run  to  determine  the  time  at  which  the 
loss  occurs,  the  result  of  which  is  em- 
bodied in  the  accompanying  curve.    These 


results  confirm  those  of  the  previous  se- 
ries, showing  that  the  loss  is  low  and 
uniform  until  the  latter  part  of  the  opera- 
tion, when  the  loss  increases  rapidly. 
This  point  of  increase  is  probably  de- 
termined by  a  certain  degree  of  satura- 
tion of  the  lead  by  the  precious  metals, 
the  loss  being  greatly  accelerated  by  the 
increasing  concentration  at  the  end  of  the 
operation. 

Some  assayers  claim  that  by  cupelling 
in  an  old  cupel  placed  upon  a  new  one 
that  the  silver  loss  is  greatly  reduced, 
but  as  far  as  could  be  observed  from  a 
number  of  trials  the  loss  is  not  lowered 
by  this  means. 

One  of  the  advantages  noted  for  ce- 
ment is,  that  where  it  is  necessary  to 
assay  the  cupel,  the  cement  yields  a 
much  more  fusible  slag  than  the  bone 
ash.  The  saving  in  the  assay  bill  result- 
ing from  the  substitution  of  cement  for 
bone  ash  would  also  be  an  item  worth 
considering  where  several  hundred  cupel- 
lations are  run  each  week. 

Summary 

In  conclusion  the  main  results  may  be 
summed  up  as  follows: 

( 1 )  Portland  cement  presents  a  cheap 
and  convenient  substitute  for  the  bone 
ash  commonly  used  for  cupels. 

(2)  Neat  cement  with  from  6  to  10 
per  cent,  moisture  gives  a  strong  cupel 
that  does  not  check  and  will  absorb  its 
own  weight  of  litharge. 

(3)  The  silver  loss  due  to  absorption  is 
about  the  same  as  for  60-mesh  bone  ash, 
the  difference  being  insignificant  com- 
pared with  that  due  to  a  slight  increase  in 
temperature. 

(4)  Cupels  made  of  a  mixture  of  ce- 
ment and  bone  ash  gave  a  smaller  silver 
loss  than  either  one  alone,  and  the  phys- 
ical properties  of  the  cupel  are  also  su- 
perior. 

(5)  The  process  of  cupellation  is  de- 
pendent upon  the  fact  that  the  capillarity 
of  the  cupel  is  "wet"  with  respect  to  the 
litharge,  and  "dry"  with  respect  to  the 
lead  and  the  precious  metals.  Conse- 
quently the  physical  surface  of  the  cupel 
has  an  important  bearing  on  the  ab- 
sorption losses. 


On  July  30  an  explosion  of  dynamite 
occurred  at  the  new  Croton  acquc- 
duct,  at  Kitchawan,  N.  Y.,  whereby 
two  men  were  killed.  The  coroner 
could  find  nothing  to  throw  light 
on  the  cause  of  the  accident,  but 
one  theory  is  that  lightning  exploded  the 
dynamite.  The  dead  men,  and  two  other 
men,  both  of  whom  were  injured,  were  at 
work  in  a  tunnel,  when  10  pounds  of 
dynamite  suddenly  went  off.  A  se-ere 
thunder  storm  was  raging  at  the  *'me, 
and  it  is  considered  not  unlikely  that 
lightning  ran  along  the  rails  into  the  tun- 
nel and  struck  the  dynamite. 


562 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


Conditions  for  Gold  Dredging  in  French  Guiana 

Climatic    Conditions    Bad;    Only    Inefficient    Native    Labor  Available. 
Creek     Beds     Dredged;    Cost    for    Elysee    Boats    23r31c.    per  cu.  yd. 

B~Y        ALBERT        BORDEAUX* 


The  rocks  so  far  known  to  exist  in 
French  Guiana  are  for  the  most  part  Pre- 
Cambrian,  all  without  fossils.  The  fol- 
lowing have  been  differentiated:  Grani- 
tic gneiss,  amphibolites,  mica  schists,  talc 
schists  and  clay  schists;  granite,  diorite 
and  diabase,  melaphyre;  quartzites,  fine- 
grained sandstone  and  quartz  veins;  li- 
monite,  a  distinct  cavernous  variety 
(roche  a  ravets). 

Gold  has  been  detected  in  a  few  ir- 
regularly distributed  quartz  veins,  in  dis- 
seminated quartz  boulders  and  mainly  in 
the  gravel  of  the  rivers.  Silver,  copper 
and  lead  have  been  but  little  sought.  The 
gold-bearing  formation  has  a  general 
easterly  and  westerly  direction,  the  dis- 
tance from  the  seashore  varying  from  50 
to  100  km.,  the  width  being  40  to  50  km., 
with  another  similar  zone  along  the 
southern  part  of  the  upper  Mana  and 
Maroni  rivers. 

Gold  Production 

No  statistics  of  gold  production  were 
collected  in  French  Guiana  until  1866, 
from  which  date  the  records  of  the  cus- 
tom taxes  are  available.  But  gold  was 
discovered  as  early  as  1852,  and  as 
a  large  portion  of  the  production  al- 
ways escapes  through  Brazil  and  Dutch 
Guiana,  owing  to  lower  taxes,  the  figures 
are  incorrect  and  low.  They  are  as  fol- 
lows, per  decade:  1866-76,  7,368.060  kg.; 
1876-86,  18,446.379  kg.;  1886-96,  20,795.- 
722  kg.;  1896-1906,31,081.485  kg.;  1906- 
10,  16,000  kg.  (estimated  to  end  of  1909); 
total,  93,691.546  kg.,  valued  at  about 
856,000,000.  Probably  a  more  accurate 
total  would  be  about  twice  the  above  fig- 
ure, say  8100,000,000,  including  the  Car- 
servene  output  from  1894  to  1900. 

Early  Gold  Discoveries 

The  first  discovery  of  gold  in  French 
Guiana  was  made  on  the  Orataye  river 
in  1852,  and  later  on  the  Oropu, 
Cirube  and  other  rivers.  In  1873  the 
famous  placers  of  the  Sinnamary  sys- 
tem were  opened.  Saint  Elie,  Dieu 
Merci,  Adieu-Vat  and  Couriege  alone 
produced  about  810,000,000.  The  plac- 
ers of  the  Mana  system  (Enfin,  Pas- 
Trop-Tot,  Elysee)  date  from  1878,  their 
production  being  about  85,000,000.  The 
date  of  the  discovery  of  the  Ama  placers 
or  the  Maroni  and  its  tributaries  along 
the  Dutch  Guiana  boundary  was  1888.  In 
1893  the  famous  Carservene  discovery 
was  made  in  the  territory  in  dispute  be- 


•Mlninc  onglnpor,  Thiuioii  li's  Hnlns.  Savo.v, 
Francf. 


tween  France  and  Brazil,  and  in  six  years 
about  818,000,000  were  produced  from 
this  region.  The  Tnini  gold  discoveries 
in  1901  attracted  a  big  rush  of  miners, 
but  the  grade  of  the  ground  was  irregu- 
lar, a  few  large  nuggets  being  scattered 
through  large  barren  zones.  The  most  re- 
cent discoveries  were  made  in  1902-03  on 
the  upper  Mana  tributaries,  and  in  1907 
lower  on  the  Kokioko,  also  a  tributary  of 
the  Mana. 

Production  Mainly  from  Alluvial 
Deposits 

Apart  from  the  production  of  the  small 
quartz  ledge  of  Adieu-Vat,  all  of  the  gold 
won  in  French  Guiana  has  been  taken 
from  the  creek  beds  mostly  by  the  old 
sluicing  system.  This  method  gave  a  fair 
remuneration  without  a  large  outlay  of 
capital.  For  the  last  two  or  three  years, 
however,  the  grade  of  the  stream  gravel 
has  been  graduallv  diminishing  until  it 
has  become  impossible  to  pay  the  high 
wages  that  formerly  prevailed,  and  were 
unable  to  prevent  unlicensed  miners 
from  working  the  ground  of  the  com- 
panies, without  entailing  large  expense 
for  expelling  them.  An  agreement  has, 
however,  been  reached  lately  whereby 
unlicensed  miners  are  allowed  to  work  on 
the  sole  condition  that  they  sell  the  gold 
they  win  at  a  fixed  rate  to  the  company 
on  the  property  of  which  they  mine.  Ow- 
ing, however,  to  the  large  amount  of  gold 
that  is  stolen,  and  the  competition  be- 
tween the  miners'  and  the  companies' 
stores,  the  profit  has  been  so  greatly  re- 
duced that  promoters  of  new  undertak- 
ings are  forced  to  look  for  a  more  eco- 
nomic method  of  recovering  the  gold. 

Hydraulicking  with  water  forced  from 
pumps  wss  tried  in  English  Guiana,  but 
was  not  practicable  owing  to  the  high  cost 
of  pumping  the  water.  Dredges  and  ex- 
cavators hence  remained  as  the  only  hope 
for  successful  operations,  and  the  require- 
ment of  excessive  manual  labor  elimi- 
nated excavators  from  consideration. 
Dredges  have  been  tried  for  the  last  two 
years  in  Lezard,  Sparwin  and  -  Courcibo 
creeks. 

Advantages  of  the  Dredge 

The  fact  that  prospecting  work  may  be 
executed  with  great  accuracy  is  an  ad- 
vantage of  dredging.  It  is  easy  to  dig 
pits  aloni^  the  banks  of  a  river  and  this 
should  be  done  in  Guiana,  as  the  propor- 
tion of  gold  is  often  as  high  under  the 
banks  as  in  the  river  bed.  Dredging  is  at 
present  confined  to  large  creeks,  unsuit- 


able for  sluicing  and  not  Very  wide,  the  u 
watercourse  seldom  exceeding  10  m.  in 
width.  A  width  of  30  to  50  m.,  should 
be  dredged.  To  test  the  ground,  usually 
from  one  to  two  cubic  meters  of  the 
payable  seam  are  extracted.  This  gravel  is 
washed  in  a  "long  tom"  to  determine  the 
gold  content.  Pits  are  generally  dug  from 
30  to  35  m.  apart  on  both  sides  of  the 
river.  The  cost  of  prospecting  one  kilo- 
meter along  a  stream  is  about  83000 
(84800  per  mile)  but  it  is  necessary  that 
this  be  done  before  erecting  a  dredge 
that  may  cost  ten  times  that  amount.  As 
stated,  the  fact  that  a  very  accurate  idea 
of  the  value  of  the  ground  to  be  dredged 
can  be  obtained  from  preliminary  pros- 
pecting is  one  of  the  conditions  that 
makes  for  success  in  dredging  operations. 

Requirements  for  Dredging 

For  the  success  of  a  dredge,  the  follow- 
ing conditions  are  necessary:  (1)  Close 
prospecting  to  prove  the  payable  ground 
and  secure  at  least  five  or  six  years  of 
dredging  for  amortization  of  the  capital 
invested;  (2)  soft  bed  rock  easily  dug 
by  the  buckets  as  this  is  often  rich  in 
gold;  (3)  gravel  containing  no  large 
bculders;  roots,  etc.,  that  may  be  removed 
without  excessive  trouble;  (4)  no  ce- 
mented gravel;  if  mixed  with  clay  the 
dredge  will  have  to  be  provided  with  ap- 
paratus to  disintegrate  it;  (5)  gravel  of  a 
depth  not  greater  than  10  m.  It  is  unu- 
sual for  dredges  to  dig  as  deep  as  15  or 
20  m.  as  they  do  in  California.  The 
depth  of  digging  is  one  of  the  main  points 
to  be  considered  before  ordering  the 
dredge,  as  upon  this  depends  the  dimen- 
sions of  its  gears,  pins  and  various  ap- 
pliances. 

Difficulties  Encountered  in  French 
Guiana 

The  difficulties  of  dredging  in  Guiana 
arise  mainly  from  the  climatic  conditions. 
All  along  the  rivers  there  is  a  tropical  , 
forest  with  its  enormous  trees  that  must 
be  felled  and  burned  over  before  the 
dredge  can  operate.  The  felling  of  the 
trees  is,  however,  rather  an  easy  matter 
as  the  roots  spread  over  the  surface  of 
the  ground  so  that  the  fall  of  one  tree 
carries  several  of  its  companions  along 
with  it.  On  the  other  hand,  the  burning 
of  these  hard  woods  when  they  are  green 
is  a  difficult  matter. 

The  quantities  of  dead  wood,  tree 
trunks  and  branches  entangled  together 
in  the  gravel  and  payable  clay  dirt  are 
."•nothcr  hindrance  to  dredging  operations 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


563 


in  this  region.  It  is  necessary  to  use 
powerful  dredges,  manned  by  skilful 
winchmen    in    order    to    overcome    these 

difficulties. 

No   Large    Boulders 

Luckily  no  large  boulders  occur  in  the 
dredgeable  creek  bottoms;  they  arc  more 
abundant  in  the  small  creeks  worked  by 
hand  labor.  The  bed  rock  is  also  quite 
soft  and  easily  dug.  The  pay  dirt  usually 
has  an  average  thickness  of  three  to  six 
meters,  the  river  banks  often  being  three 
to  four  meters  high  above  the  pay  dirt. 
They  are  composed  of  vegetable  loam, 
clay,  sand  and  gravel,  with  decomposed 
rock.  The  amount  of  barren  ground  to 
be  washed  is  thus  six  or  seven  times 
that  of  the  pay  dirt,  so  that  it  would  seem 
advisable  to  erect  a  special  apparatus  for 
removing  this  material.     A  grab  dredge 


or  four  men  with  shovels  on  the  platform 
to  separate  the  clay  from  the  edge  and 
bottom  of  the  bucket.  A  mechanical  ap- 
paratus could  be  devised  to  accomplish 
this  purpose. 

Bad  Climate  Compels   Use  of   Native 
Labor 

The  climate  of  Guiana  is  wet  and  tropi- 
cal, tending  to  produce  anemia  and  fever 
so  that  only  the  most  healthy  are  able 
to  resist  it.  Dredges  must  operate  in 
swampy  country  where  slimy  water  from 
intermixed,  rotting,  tree  trunks  and 
boughs  of  evil-smelling  woods,  increase 
the  liability  to  all  sorts  of  tropical  fevers. 

The  natives  are  extremely  awkward 
and  poor  workmen.  A  few  mines,  as  the 
Adieu-Vat,  have  tried  importing  Italian 
miners,  but  this  supply  is  inadequate. 
The  experiment  was  not  successful.  The 


as  they  must  be  carried  in  canoes.  Dredge 
hulls  cannot  be  made  of  wood,  because 
it  cannot  resist  the  attacks  of  the  insects 
and  worms  that  infest  the  waters  in  such 
climates  and  would  soon  eat  through  any 
wooded  structure.  This  means  that  a 
steel  hull  is  required.  Accidents  and  re- 
pairs are  always  a  serious  difficulty  to 
operating  dredges  in  remote  localities,  as 
production  may  be  stopped  for  weeks 
while  expenses  continue,  before  the  nec- 
essary parts  or  tools  can  be  brought  in. 
One  practical  way  of  minimizing  all  these 
troubles  is  to  have  a  capable  man  to 
superintend  operations. 

Cost  of  Dredging  at  Elysee  Placer 

The  following  ngures  are  based  on  the 
results  of  the  first  season's  work  at  the 
Elysee  placer.  There  are  two  dredges 
operating  here,  but  these  could  not  work 


Native  Gold  Diggings  on  Roche  Creek,  French  Guiana.      SHO^x■s  Character  of  Ground  to  Be  Dredc^o 


might  be  applicable  for  this  work,  but 
this  would  mean  doubling  the  operating 
expense,  and  furthermore  the  material 
thus  removed  might  be  a  hindrance  to 
the  dredge  following  behind. 

Sticky   Clay   Causes   Trouble 

There  is  usually  a  very  tight  clay 
around  the  pebbles  in  the  pay  dirt,  and 
this  causes  much  trouble  in  the  sluices 
bv  forming  clay  balls  from  which  the 
gold  cannot  be  washed  without  a  thorough 
hand  cleaning  by  natives.  I  have  seen 
this  clay  so  tightly  stuck  to  dredge  buck- 
ets that  it  returned  again  and  again  with 
every  revolution  of  the  bucket  chain 
despite  all  efforts  to  remove  it  with  water 
sprays.     It  was  necessary  to  station  three 


native  is  accustomed  to  the  food  and  to 
the  climatic  conditions;  a  European  re- 
quires better  food  in  order  to  resist 
disease.  Treating  the  Italians  the  same 
as  natives,  they  all  either  died  or  had 
to  return  to  Europe.  After  a  great  deal 
of  patience  it  has  been  found  possible 
at  the  Elysee  placer  to  put  natives  in 
charge  of  a  dredge  under  a  white  over- 
seer, who  must  be  ready  for  all  emer- 
gencies. 

Transportation  Difficult 

Another  difficulty  that  must  be  over- 
come in  Guiana  is  that  of  transportation 
along  the  rivers,  which  are  extremely 
tortuous.  It  is  difficult  to  handle  heavy 
and    cumbersome    pieces    of    machinery. 


at  full  capacity  on  account  of  the  condi- 
tions above  enumerated.  The  daily  capa- 
city of  these  dredges  proved  to  be  from 
300  to  400  cu.m.  instead  of  1000  cu.m. 
as  expected.  The  costs  per  day  are  as 
follows:  Fuel  (23  cords  at  SL.^O)  S30; 
labor  (ten  men  per  shift  of  eight  hours 
at  $1.1 1,  including  food  I  S34;  engineer 
and  foreman,  $5.50;  clearing  away  wood. 
$16;  repairs,  water,  tools,  etc.,  $5;  freight, 
general  expense  and  management,  $40 
(subject  to  change);  total,  S120.50. 
Handling  from  .300  to  400  cu.m.  (390-520 
cu.yd.)  per  day  at  the  above  rate  means 
a  cost  of  30  to  40c.  per  cu.m.  dredged 
(23  to  3Ic.  per  cu.yd.).  A  shift  includes 
three  men  for  shoveling  the  clay  from 
the    buckets.      Wages   average    80c.    per 


564 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


day,  and  32c.  per  day  for  food,  according 
to  the  contract. 

Equipment  of  Guiana  Dredges 
In  order  to  obtain  better  results  from 
dredging  in  Guiana  tlie  dredge  should  be 
provided  with  the  following  modifica- 
tions: (1)  An  automatic  tucket-cleaning 
device  at  the  top  of  the  gear;  (2)  buckets 
of  a  rather  flat  shape  to  facilitate  dis- 
charging; (3)  an  endless-belt  tailings  ele- 
vator or  sluices  extending  some  distance 
astern  of  the  dredge  in  place  of  an  ele- 
vator; (4)  an  arrangement  for  the  direct 
transportation  of  the  barren  gravel  to 
the  stern  of  the  dredge  thus  avoiding  ob- 
struction; (5)  a  special  device  for  ob- 
taining pure  water  for  the  pump;  (6) 
a  riffle  table   for  saving  nuggets. 

Yield  at  the  Elysee  Placer 
Careful  experiments  were  made  with 
the  No.  I  and  No.  2  dredges  at  the  Elysee 
placer  in  1907  and  1908.  The  No.  1 
placer  washed  126,000  cu.m.  (164,500 
cu.yd.)  of  gravel,  producing  80  kg.  (2572 
oz.)  of  gold;  the  No.  2  dredge  operated 
nine  months,  washing  40,000  cu.m.  (52,- 
200  cu.yd.)  of  material,  from  which  18 
kg.  (578.7  oz.)  of  gold  were  obtained. 
During  the  experiment  another  creek  was 
carefully  prospected  and  the  result  be- 
ing successful  a  third  dredge  erected  in 
1909.  From  the  latest  reports  8  kg. 
(257.2  oz.)  of  gold  were  produced  with 
this  dredge  in  March  and  10  kg.  (321.5 
oz.)  in  April  of  1910,  or  about  three 
tiines  more  than  the  monthly  results  ob- 
tained for  1906  with  the  ""-incipal  dredge. 
The  total  production  from  the  three 
dredges  for  May,  1910,  was  22  kg.  (707.3 
oz.)  of  gold  from  about  11,000  cu.m. 
(14,370  cu.yd.)  of  gravel.  A  profit  of 
nearly  $9000  was  made  during  this  month. 


these  machines,  working  in  galleries  at 
different  levels,  accompanied  by  subse- 
quent mixture  of  the  product  from  the 
three  cuts. 

Excavator  to  Cut  a  60-ft.  Face 

To  meet  these  peculiar  conditions,  A.  R.. 
Grossmith,  an  English  engineer,  evolved 
a  new  type  of  excavator  working  on  the 
cantilever  revolving-crane  principle.  This 
machine  works  on  a  face  60  ft.  high  and 
has  a   75-ft.   radius   of  action. 

The  general  lines  of  the  excavator  may 
be  gathered  from  the  accompanying  il- 
lustration. The  jib  of  lattice-girder  con- 
struction, tapered  at  both  ends,  is  80  ft. 
long,  which,  together  with  the  large  pul- 
ley wheel  at  the  head,  gives  an  over- 
all length  of  nearly  90  ft.  The  jib  is  set 
at  an  angle  of  45  deg.  and  is  mounted  at 
the  forward  end  of  a  heavy  frame  on 
the  carriage.  The  latter  has  a  wheelbase 
of    17' J     ft.,    mounted    on    two    pair    of 


A  New  Type  of  Giant  Excavator 

By  F.  a.  Talbot* 

Interest  has  been  centered,  in  British 
engineering  and  mining  circles,  in  a  new 
type  of  giant  excavator  which  is  now  at 
work  at  the  Pillinge  brickfields  of  J.  B. 
Forder  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  and  which  possesses 
many  ingenious  features.  At  these  brick- 
fields the  clay  pit  is  about  60  ft.  in 
depth  and  the  problem  that  has  con- 
fronted the  owners  for  several  years  was 
the  discovery  of  a  type  of  machine  which 
could  cope  with  the  peculiar  conditions 
prevailing.  It  is  essential  that  the  face 
should  be  cut  from  top  to  bottom  so  as 
to  secure  a  thorough  mixture  of  the  clays. 
In  order  to  get  a  uniform  brick  it  was 
essential  that  the  top  and  bottom  clays 
should  be  in  equal  proportions.  The  brick- 
makers  employed  the  ordinary  type  of 
steam  shovel  for  some  years  and  although 
they  secured  the  heaviest  types,  the  depth 
of  the   pit   entailed   the   use   of  three   of 

*l."i    Willinrv    Cicscfiil,    Hove.    KiikIiuhI. 


scopic  and  it  is  operated  by  wire  cables 
from  a  self-controlled  engine  on  the  main 
frame. 

The  head  pulley  is  8  ft.  in  diameter  and 
this  feature,  as  American  practice  has 
shown,  reduces  the  liability  of  injury  .o 
the  rope.  Another  interesting  feature  is 
the  oscillating  bucket  and  its  attendant 
mechanism.  A  vital  point  about  this  ma- 
chine is  that  the  face  of  the  cut  instead 
of  being  concave  as  results  from  the  use 
of  the  ordinary  steam  shovel  is  main- 
tained at  a  perfect  angular  slope,  so  that 
caving  is  entirely  eliminated. 

Machine  Easily  Operated 

The  machine  is  easy  to  handle  and 
owing  to  the  simplification  of  the  control 
one  man  can  easily  attend  to  the  various 
operations.  The  machine  illustrated  here- 
with works  on  a  slope  60  ft.  high  and 
makes  a  cut  150  ft.  wide  at  the  top  by 
about  30   ft.   wide   at  the   bottom.     An- 


Giant  Excavator  Making  60-foot  Cut — Two  Cars  Loaded  Simultaneously 
through  Hopper  in  Foreground 


wheels,  on  a  gage  of  12' j  ft.  As  the  ex- 
cavator is  of  the  revolving  type  the  frame 
comprises  a  circular  mild-steel  ring  or 
girder  2'j  ft.  in  depth  by  IS  ft.  in  diam- 
eter, and  the  revolving  carriage  travels 
on  a  track  of  90-lb.  rail. 

I.MPORTANT  Features 

The  engine  frame  itself  consists  of  two 
parallel  rolled-steel  joists,  7x20  in.,  and 
the  jib  is  pinned  to  one  end  of  these, 
while  the  other  end  carries  the  boiler 
and  the  counterweight.  Two  stout  mem- 
bers meeting  at  the  top  and  forming  a 
triangle  constitute  the  cantilever  for  the 
jib  stays.  The  bucket  arm  or  muck  pole 
is  also  of  lattice-girder  construction,  50 
ft.  in  length,  and  is  carried  at  an  unusual 
hight  on  the  main  jib,  which  is  supported 
by   two   wire   ropes.     Its  motion   is   tele- 


other  advantage  is  the  clean  cut  effected 
by  the  bucket,  reducing  cleaning  up  at 
the  base  of  the  slope  to  the  minimum. 

The  capacity  of  this  particular  machine 
has  never,  for  lack  of  opportunity,  been 
tested  to  its  maximum.  The  bucket  is 
3  cu.yd.  capacity,  and  the  arm  makes 
one  swing  per  minute.  The  machine 
weighs  70  tons.  In  this  particular  case,  it 
excavates  700  tons  of  clay  per  shift. 
The  builders,  Rubery,  Owen  &  Co.,  are 
constructing  several  machines  of  varying 
capacity  for  railway  bui'd'-f,  and  gen- 
eral  surface-mining   operations. 


The  output  in  UH)9  of  the  gold  placers 
in  the  Innoko  valley  in  Alaska  is  various- 
ly estimated  at  $300,000  to  $400,000.  A 
Government  survey  of  the  district  is  now 
under  wav. 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


565 


Barometric  Pressure  and  Liberation  of  Firedamp 

Results    of    Numerous  Ejcperiments  Indicate  That  the  Outflow  of  Gas 
in  a  Mine  Is  Influenced  by    the    Variations    in    Atmospheric    Pressure 


B     Y 


L     E     C     N 


M     O    R     1     N 


Although  opinion  on  this  question  is 
still  divided,  it  is  considered  more  and 
more  probable  that  variations  in  baro- 
metric pressure  exert  a  powerful  influ- 
ence on  the  rapidity  with  which  firedamp 
escapes  into  the  atmosphere  of  coalmines. 

Previous  Experiments 

Galloway's  investigations  in  England, 
although  somewhat  superficial,  convinced 
him  of  the  importance  of  noticing  baro- 
metric changes,  and  a  rule  to  this  effect 
was  put  into  the  Mines  Regulation  Act. 
In  Germany,  experiments  made  in  1875 
and  1877  by  Schondorff  and  Nasse,  es- 
tablished the  danger  to  be  apprehended 
during  a  period  of  low  pressure,  espec- 
ially in  mines  comprising  large  areas  of 
old  workings.  The  French  commission 
on  this  subject  rendered  a  report  in  1880 
in  which  they  questioned  the  influence 
of  atmospheric  pressure,  although  Le 
Chatelier  did  agree  that  worked-out  areas 
would  be  more  susceptible  than  new 
workings  to  changes  in  pressure. 

In  1885,  Koehler  made  an  extended  test 
at  the  Karwin  mines  in  Westralia,  his  first 
step  being  to  ascertain,  by  comparison, 
that  variations  of  pressure  inside  and 
outside  the  mine  were  simultaneous  and 
identical  in  amount.  By  plotting  together 
his  observed  pressures  and  his  percent- 
ages of  methane,  as  determined  by  care- 
ful analysis  of  10-liter  samples,  he  drew 
the  following  conclusions:  The  percent- 
age of  firedamp  in  the  mine  air  increases 
with  a  fall  in  atmospheric  pressure,  and 
conversely.  The  more  abrupt  the  fall  in 
pressure  the  more  rapid  the  increase  in 
percentage  of  gas,  and  conversely.  The 
percentage  of  gas  does  not  depend  upon 
the  absolute  atmospheric  pressure.  If, 
after  a  rapid  rise  in  pressure,  the  baro- 
meter stays  constant  or  shows  only  a 
slight  further  rise,  a  gradual  increase  in 
percentage  of  jjas  will  be  noted,  or  if, 
after  a  quick  fall  in  pressure,  the  baro- 
meter stays  fixed  or  shows  only  a  slow 
further  drop,  a  slight  decrease  in  percent- 
age of  gas  will  follow;  the  maximum  gas 
does  not,  therefore,  always  coincide  in 
point  of  time  with  the  minimum  pressure. 

By  sealing  the  air  inlet  of  themine,  while 
continuing  to  operate  the  fan,  Koehler 
was  able,  by  causing  an  artificial  depres- 
sion of  2.5  mm.  of  mercury  inside  the 
mine,  to  increase  the  average  amount  of 
g^s  in  the  upcast  from  20.12  to  36.83 
cu.m.  per  minute.        • 


Note. — Abstract  of  nn   artidp   In     tiin.   dci 
illnra.  Vol.   XVI.  No.  in.   1009. 

•Olilpf      pnclnppr.      SocK-t^i      honllll.Tc      tie 
I.h'vln.    r.ii'vln.    Fiancp. 


Experiments  In  France 

Experiments  by  Chesneau  in  1886  at 
one  of  the  mines  at  Anzin,  which  norm- 
ally yielded  about  3356  cu.m.  of  gas  per 
day,  warranted  the  conclusion  that  only 
a  very  small  proportion  of  this  total  could 
have  come  from  the  waste  filling  of  the 
mine,  and  that  in  a  mine  affording  a  per- 
manent and  fairly  regular  flow  of  gas, 
sudden  drops  in  atmospheric  pressure 
caused   an   increased   proportion  of  gas. 

Finally,  a  note  by  F.  Laur,  in  1907,  at- 
tributes the  disasters  at  Reden,  Lieven, 
Charleston  and  Fayetteville,  directly  to 
the  period  of  depression  preceding  each 
explosion.  We  see  thus  that  many  en- 
gineers are  agreed  that  barometric  vari- 
ations do  influence  the  outflow  of  mine 
gas;  a  great  difference  of  opinion  does 
exist,  however,  as  to  the  relative  im- 
portance of  the  old  workings  and  the  new 
workings  as  to  the  yield  of  gas  in  a 
given  mine. 

Other  Experiments 

In  making  tests  for  myself  I  selected 
four  upcast  air  shafts  at  Lievin  for  a  ser- 
ies of  experiments  lasting  for  two  months. 
At  one  of  these,  the  percentage  of  gas 
was  determined  every  hour,  except  on 
Sundays,  and  at  the  other  three,  every 
eight  hours.  The  four  shafts  were  select- 
ed because  of  the  large  area  of  worked- 
out  ground  tributary  to  each. 

Shaft  No.  13,  of  the  Du  Souiche  du 
Levant  mine,  at  which  the  hourly  samples 
were  taken,  exhausted  8.008  cu.m.  of  air 
per  second.  The  shaft  was  used  solely 
as  an  upcast  air  shaft,  and  being  quite 
independent  of  the  downcast  shaft  and 
free  from  short  circuits,  it  was  found, 
after  a  number  of  tests,  that  the  volume 
of  air  circulating  in  the  mines  was  al- 
most perfectly  uniform;  thereafter  the 
experiment  was  confined  entirely  to  the 
analysis  of  the  air.  The  area  circum- 
scribed by  the  air  current  was  166,000 
sq.m.  Except  for  a  small  working  area 
in  the  .Mfred  seam,  12  m.  below,  which 
was  ventilated  by  the  same  air  current, 
the  other  seams  above  and  below  the  Du 
Souiche  were  untouched  coal. 

Taking  the  Samples 

At  No.  13  shaft,  the  hourly  samples 
were  taken  by  reliable  men  whose  work 
was  nearby;  at  the  other  three  shafts 
the  samples  were  taken  by  shift  bosses. 
The  method  was  to  carry  down  glass  bot- 
tles full  of  water  and  then  empty  them 
at  the  spot  where  it  was  desired  to  take 
the  samples  of  air;  the  bottles  were  then 


carefully  corked  and  carried  up-side 
down,  with  a  little  water  remaining  inside 
to  assure  against  escape  of  the  sample. 
As  the  air  pressure  at  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft,  where  the  samples  were  secured, 
w^as  greater  than  at  the  surface,  leakage 
of  air  into  the  bottles  while  in  transport, 
was  not  likely  to  occur. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  experiment,  si- 
multaneous samples  were  taken  near  the 
roof,  near  the  middle,  and  at  the  floor  of 
the  gangway,  but  analysis  showed  that 
the  three  samples  were  identical  in  com- 
position, owing,  no  doubt,  to  the  energetic 
mixing  of  the  air  current  at  a  velocity 
of  2  m.  per  second.  Thereafter  while 
each  sample  was  being  taken,  the  bottle 
was  moved  about  in  a  zigzag  fashion. 
The  temperature  of  the  upcast  current 
was  nearly  constant,  at  23  deg.  Centi- 
grade. 

Method    of    Analysis 

The  samples  were  sent,  every  12  hours, 
to  the  company's  central  laboratory, 
where  they  were  analyzed  independently 
by  two  experienced  chemists,  using  the 
Coquillion  apparatus  as  modified  by  Le 
Chatelier;  four  of  these  devices  were  in- 
stalled, and  their  accuracy  was  deter- 
mined at  frequent  intervals  by  calibra- 
tion on  the  same  sample.  The  four  read- 
ings never  differed  by  an  amount  equiva- 
lent to  more  than  0.03  per  cent,  of 
methane.  The  determinations  were  also 
compared,  at  intervals,  with  others  made 
on  the  Le  Breton  apparatus.  To  test 
the  possible  error  introduced  by  varying 
proportions  of  carbon  dioxide,  a  number 
of  tests  were  made  on  gaseous  mixtures 
containing  0.1,  0.5,  1.0,  5.0  and  50  per 
cent,  of  CO;;  the  Coquillion  apparatus 
still  registered  the  correct  percentage  of 
methane.  It  was  also  ascertained  that 
fine  coal  dust,  suspended  in  the  sample 
of  air,  could  not  enter  the  apparatus  and 
affect  the  results. 

Barometric  observations  were  made 
at  the  surface  only,  Koehler's  experi- 
ments having  proved  this  to  be  permissi- 
ble, by  a  recording  aneroid,  which  was 
compared  daily  with  a  mercury  barometer 
hanging  beside  it.  The  results  of  the 
analyses  and  the  barometric  readings, 
from  March  21  to  May  10,  1907,  were 
then  tabulated  and  plotted  on  coordinate 
paper,  in  the  form  of  the  curves  which 
are  reproduced  in  the  accompanying  fig- 
ures. 

Fig.  1  represents  the  data  secured  at 
No.  13  Du  Souiche  shaft,  and  Figs.  2,  3 
and  4  apply  to  the  other  three  air  pas- 
sages at  which  samples  were  taken. 


666 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


Conclusions 

Inspection  of  the  plotted  curves  war- 
ranted the  following  conclusions: 

(1)  Even  slight  variations  in  atmos- 
pheric pressure  induce  variations  in  the 
escape  of  firedamp;  other  things  being 
equal,  while  atmospheric  pressure  re- 
mains constant,  the  libert^'ion  of  firedamp 
is  equally  uniform. 

(2)  When  atmospheric  pressure  in- 
creases, the  escape  of  gas  diminishes,  and 
conversely. 

(3)  Maximum  atmospheric  pressure 
corresponds  with  minimum  percentage  of 
gas,  and  vice  versa. 

(4)  The  variations  in  percentage  of 
gas  may  reach  great  importance;  thus  a 
fall  from  770  to  740  mm.  in  the  barom- 
eter increases  the  proportion  of  me- 
thane by  50  per  cent. 

(5)  There  is  no  exception  to  the  gen- 


thickness  of  the  strata,  the  supporting 
power  of  the  waste  filling,  the  timbering, 
and  other  factors.  The  closure  of  the 
voids  is  never  perfect,  even  after  the  sur- 
face has  settled  as  much  as  it  will. 
When  shaft  No.  4,  at  Bethune,  was 
pumped  out  after  its  workings  had  been 
abandoned  for  12  years,  measurement  oT 
the  water  showed  that  the  empty  spaces 
still  remaining  constituted  30  per  cent, 
of  the  original  volume  of  the  workings 
from  which  coal  had  been  extracted. 

When  we  began  our  experiments  on  the 
Du  Souiche  seam,  a  careful  series  of 
levelings  on  the  surface  gave  us  data 
on  which  we  computed  that  the  voids 
in  the  old  workings,  covering  166,000 
sq.m.,  the  average  thickness  of  the  seam 
being  1.5  m.,  amounted  to  114,000  cu.m. 
However,  on  the  assumption  that  the  old 
workings  are  the  only  cause  of  variation 


pure  methane,  ranges  all  the  way  from 
3330  to  290,550  cu.m.;  the  larger  values 
are  found  to  correspond  to  the  longest 
periods  of  time.  The  wide  variation  in 
the  computed  values  for  voids,  and  their 
divergence  from  the  fairly  accurate  figure 
previously  determined,  led  to  the  suppo- 
sition that  the  voids  were  not  filled  wit'i 
pure  firedamp  hut  with  mixtures  of  gas 
and  air  arranged  in  order  of  density, 
those  richest  in  gas  occupy  the  voids  at 
the  highest  level.  A  slight  fall  in  baro- 
metric pressure  would  then  affect  only 
the  mixtures,  poor  in  gas,  occupying  the 
lower  levels,  while  further  drops  in 
pressure  would  bring  out  successively 
the   richer  and  lighter  mixtures. 

This  explanation  is  not  altogether  sat- 
isfactory, and,  as  will  be  shown  further 
on,  we  were  unable  to  obtain  from  the 
old   workings  samples   of  air  containing 


Fig.  1 
Sbutt  No.  13,  Da  Souiche 

Seam,  Mar.  21.  to  Apr.  23.  1907. 

Volume  ol  Air^  8  Cu.  m.  pel  Se(V 


Fig.  3 

Return  Air  Current 
Bowette  LevEiuC 

a  345 

Volume  of  Air:. 

3.610  Cu.  m. 

Fig.  4 

Du  Soulch  Rn  430 

Eteturn  Air  Current 

7oie  de   Fond  No. 4 

Volume  ot  Air: 

2.230  Cu.  m. 


T/M  i'fyinccntii/  i  Miiiinii  Journal 

Diagrams  Showing  Variations  in  Atmospheric  Pressure  and  CoiNcinENT  Outflows  of  Gas  in  Mines  at  Lievin 


eral  rule  of  inverse  ratio  between  varia- 
tion in  pressure  and  variation  in  percent- 
age of  gas. 

Discussion  of  Results 

ine  first  explanation  of  the  phenomena 
that  occurs  to  one  is  that  the  empty 
spaces  in  the  old  working  places  of  the 
mine  constitute  a  kind  of  reservoir  for 
the  firedamp,  absorbing  it  when  the  at- 
mospheric pressure  is  high,  and  liberating 
it  again  when  the  pressure  falls.  It  is 
obvious  that  the  old  workings  of  a  coal 
mine  do  contain  numerous  voids,  in  crev- 
ices, in  rooms  incompletely  gobbed,  and 
in  the  gob  itself.  If  the  settling  of  the 
surface  followed  closely  after  the  ex- 
haustion of  the  coal,  the  percentage  of 
voids  in  the  old  workings  would  be  small- 
er, but  this  settling  is  not  complete,  usu- 
ally,   depending    upon    the    nature    and 


in  the  yield  of  mine  gas,  under  fiuctuating 
pressure,  it  should  be  possible  to  calcu- 
late the  volume  of  the  voids.  Thus,  let  X 
represent  the  volume  of  pure  gas  accum- 
ulated at  pressure  P;  t  the  percentage  of 
gas  in  the  return  air  current  at  the  same 
pressure ;  i'  the  percentage  at  pressure 
P',  which  will  assume  to  be  less  than  P; 
V  the  volume  of  air  exhausted  in  a  unit 
of  time;  D  the  length  of  time  during 
which  the  atmospheric  pressure  falls 
from  P  to  P';  then 


PX 


=  P'  (.V  +  FD'-i^) 


If  we  apply  this  formula  to  a  number 
of  the  periods  covered  by  our  investiga- 
tion, in  some  of  which  the  pressure  was 
falling  and  in  others  rising,  we  find  that 
the  calculated  volume  of  voids  in  the 
mine,   assuming   them   to   be    filled    wkh 


more  than  a  very  small  proportion  of 
methane.  We  were  thus  led  to  conclude 
that  the  old  workings  are  not  the  only 
nor  even  the  most  important  cause  of 
variation  in  the  percentage  of  firedamp 
liberated  by  a  given  coal  mine;  we  must 
look  to  the  original  source  of  the  gas  for 
a  sufficient  explanation. 

Sampling  the  Air  in  Old  Workings 

At  this  point,  we  made  some  experi- 
ments as  to  the  character  of  the  atmos- 
phere contained  in  old  workings.  Sam- 
ples were  taken  through  pipes  by  aspira- 
tion. A  1 -liter  bottle  having  two  necks 
was  fitted  with  tubes  and  stop-cocks  in 
such  a  way  that,  as  the  water  in  the 
bottle  was  emptied  through  one  tube,  a 
sample  of  atmosphere  was  drawn  in 
through  the  other.  Two  inclined  rooms 
were  selected  in  the  most  gassy  parts  of 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


567 


the  mine;  a  pipe  5  ni.  long,  and  of  30  mm- 
diameter,  was   fastened   longitudinally  to 
the  roof  of  each  room,  and  the  gob  was 
piled  up  under  and  around  it  in  the  usual 
manner.     The  lower  end  of  the  pipe  was 
left  open,  and  was  situated  at  about  the 
center  of  the  room  filling;  the  upper  end, 
closed  with  a  plug,  projected  into  an  up- 
per gangway.     After  three  months,  sam- 
ples were  drawn   from  the  pipes,  giving, 
in  one  case,  a  maximum  of  0.46  per  cent., 
and    in    the    other,    0.75    per    cent,     of 
methane:   the   percentages  of  gas   in  the 
ventilating  air  currents  at  the  same  points 
were  respectively  0.25  and  0.60  per  cent. 
In    another   part   of   the    mine    a    con- 
siderable   area   of   worked-out   coil    had 
been  filled  with  packing,  and  the  ventila- 
tion had  been  changed  in  such  a  way  that 
firedamp   accumulated   and   finally   began 
to  be  noticeable  in  the  gangway  outside 
the   pack   wall.     Samples   taken   through 
the  wall  at  three  points  around  this  area 
gave  2.0,  2.4  and  2.7  per  cent,   of  gas. 
These  tests  seem  to  indicate  that  while 
the    exhalations    from    old    workings,    no 
matter  how  carefully  packed,  may  con- 
tribute gas  to  the  ventilating  current  of 
adjacent   operations,  they   do   so   only   to 
an  unimportant  degree.     In  all  our  tests, 
we   found    it    impossible   to    secure    from 
old  workings  samples  of  air  rich  in  gas, 
even  though  our  sampling  pipes  were  lo- 
cated close  to  the  roof  and  at  one  of  the 
highest  places  in  the  mine. 

Sources  of  Mine  Gas 

The  principal  sourcesof  firedamp  in  coal 
mines  are:  (a)  The  unbroken  coal  at 
the  breasts  of  working  places;  (h)  fresh- 
ly broken  coal;  (c)  rock  strata  adjacent 
to  the  coal  seam.  Our  experiments  in- 
cluded tests  on  the  relative  importance 
of  each  of  these  sources  of  contamina- 
tion, since,  as  has  been  shown,  the  old 
workings  alone  do  not  seem  capable  of 
accounting  for  the  known  facts. 

EXPERI.MENTS    AT    WORKING     FACES 

The  nature  of  the  gas  exhaled  by  mas- 
sive, unbroken  coal  was  studied  at  Lievin 
by  Simon  in  1893.  He  found  that  the  gas 
present  in  the  massive,  unbroken  seam  is 
subjected  to  a  pressure  of  4  to  7  kg.  ptr 
sqcm.;  that  the  permeability  of  the  seams 
at  Lievin  was  very  slight,  only  0.001  in 
solid,  massive  coal,  and  0.04  in  coal  at  the 
^reast  (the  measure  of  permeabilitiy  is 
the  ratio  between  cubic  meters  of  gas 
exhaled  per  square  meter  of  surface  per 
hour  and  the  gas  pressure  in  kilograms 
per  square  centimeter  I;  and  that  the  lib- 
eration of  gas  from  the  working  face 
was  therefore  slow. 

In  1907.  a  gangway  going  down  the  dip 
into  absolutely  virgin  coal  in  the  Leonard 
seam  encountered  a  flow  of  gas  of  suffi- 
cient intensity  to  inject  about  1  per  cent, 
of  methane  into  an  air  current  of  1.5 
cu.m.  per  sec.  Into  the  upper  part  of  this 
seam  we  drove  bore  holes,  of  6  cm.  di- 
ameter, to  various  depths.     Into  each  hole 


we  inserted  a  10-mm.  copper  tube,  the 
inner  end  of  which  reached  to  within 
20  cm.  of  the  bottom  of  the  hole;  the 
space  around  the  tube  was  then  care- 
fully closed  with  clay  to  within  1.2  m. 
of  the  bottom  of  the  hole,  a  ring  being 
soldered  to  the  tube  at  that  point  to  pre- 
vent the  clay  plug  fromgoingdeeper.  Atest 
on  one  of  these  holes,  8  m.  deep,  gave  the 
following  data:  Pressure,  0.75  kg.,  fall- 
ing to  0.50  kg.  two  weeks  later;  volume 
of  gas  exhaled  at  the  latter  pressure, 
40  liters  per  hour,  with  a  free  surface 
of  0.20  sq.m.;  after  allowing  gas  to  flow 
freely  for  two  hours,  the  pressure  gage 
was  attached  again,  and  in  45  min.  the 
pressure  regained  its  original  intensity. 
Compared  with  the  results  obtained  in 
1893,  it  is  seen  that  the  pressures  are 
decidedly  lower,  the  flow  of  gas  much 
more  copious,  and  the  speed  with  which 
the  pressure  regains  its  full  intensity 
much  more  rapid  than  in  the  earlier  in- 
vestigation. Further  tests  with  the  same 
holes  indicated  a  falling  pressure  but  a 
flow  of  gas  which  did  not  diminish  cor- 
respondingly, seeming  to  prove  that  the 
permeability  of  massive  coal,  in  a  seam 
so  situated  as  to  drain  itself  of  gas,  in- 
creases slowly  at  first,  and  then  much 
more  rapidly  as  soon  as  the  drainage  be- 
comes well  established. 

Gas  in  Freshly  Broken  Coal 

By  extracting,  with  great  care,  a  sam- 
ple of.  atmosphere  from  the  center  of  a 
pile  of  freshly-broken  coal  weighing  3  or 
4  tons,  we  obtained  results  showing  a 
richness  in  gas  exceeding  the 
explosive  proportion — 16  per  cent,  in 
one  case  and  26  per  cent,  in  another. 
This  fact  should  be  of  great  in- 
terest in  those  mines  using  ex- 
plosives in  the  coal.  It  is  apparent,  there- 
fore, that  coal  thrown  into  the  gob,  as 
well  as  the  carbonaceous  rocks  in  fioor 
and  roof,  continue  to  evolve  gas  after  the 
working  face  has  passed  on. 

Gas  Derived  from  Rock  Strata 

Gangways  driven  into  massive  coal 
frequently  intercept  gas-bearing  fissures, 
but  it  is  equally  true  that  the  floor  and 
the  roof  of  a  seam  undergoing  active 
mining  liberate  important  quantities  of 
gas.  It  is  also  well  known  that  the  per- 
centage of  gas  in  the  return  air  current 
tends  to  increase  as  the  workings  of  a 
mine  enlarge.  One  would  suppose,  how- 
ever, that  the  amount  of  gas  liberated  by 
the  working  faces  would  remain  nearly 
constant,  since  the  length  of  the-  breasts 
and  their  rate  of  advance  do  not  differ 
m.aterially  as  the  mine  expands.  (I  am 
speaking,  of  course,  of  longwall  meth- 
ods.) As  for  the  coal  and  carbonaceous 
rock  left  behind  as  filling,  the  gas  that 
they  contain  is  so  rapidly  dissipated,  that 
their  contaminating  effect  during  suqceed- 
ing  periods  must  he  practically  uniform. 

It  is  well  known,  furthermore,  that  a 
coal  seam  under  operation  evolves  much 


less  firedam  if  an  adjacent  seam  has  pre- 
viously been  developed  and  worked,  while 
its  yield  of  gas,  in  similar  circumstances 
likewise  shows  no  inclination  to  increase 
as  the  mine  broadens.  These  facts  are 
well  established,  in  my  mind,  by  a  long 
series  of  observations'  on  the  proportion 
of  gas  in  the  return  air  currents  of  our 
mines,  which  include  workings  in  six  coal 
seams  underlying  one  another  within  a 
total  thickness  of  92  m.  These  phenom- 
ena are  obviously  explained  by  the  pres- 
ence of  fissures  through  the  intervening 
rocks  created  by  the  settling  that  natur- 
ally accompanies  the  exhaustion  of  a  coal 
seam. 

By  means  of  a  number  of  bore  holes 
from  which  we  took  samples  of  air,  we 
ascertained  that  the  fioor  and  the  roof 
of  a  coal  seam  contain  gas  which  they 
gradually  relinquish  after  the  period  of 
active  work  has  passed.  At  a  distance 
from  the  seam,  however,  the  percentage 
of  gas  in  the  barren  rocks  becomes  very 
minute,  except  as  it  may  be  transmitted 
there  through  fissures  leading  from  other 
sources. 

Discussion  of  Barometric  Influence 

As  previously  indicated  in  discussing 
the  results  obtained  at  No.  13  shaft,  it 
seemed  necessary  to  study  the  effect  of 
barometric  variation  upon  the  original 
sources  of  the  mine  gas,  in  addition  to  its 
influence  upon  the  atmosphere  contained 
in  the  voids  of  the  old  workings.  As  to 
the  gas  evolved  by  the  solid  coal  in 
working  faces,  we  have  never  been  able 
to  discover  that  its  volume  showed  any 
variation  corresponding  to  fluctuations  in 
pressure.  A  careful  test  of  the  air  in  the 
new  gangway  in  the  Leonard  seam,  re- 
ferred to  above,  failed  to  prove  any  inter- 
relation, as  was,  perhaps,  to  have 
been  expected.  Whatever  the  law 
connecting  variation  of  gas  pres- 
sure with  distance  from  a  free  surface, 
the  rate  of  exhalation  must  be  governed 
by  the  pressure  existing  in  the  solid,  vir- 
gin coal.  This  internal  pressure  is  meas- 
ured in  kilograms,  whence  it  is  absurd  to 
expect  that  a  variation  of  a  few  milli- 
meters in  external  pressure  shall  produce 
niuch  effect  on  the  outflow  of  gas  from 
solid  coal. 

As  for  coal  and  carbonaccout.  rock  !n 
the  mine  filling,  the  gas  whi^h  thCy  con- 
tain is  probably  dissipated  in  a  compara- 
tively short  time,  and  thereby  does  not 
greatly  affect  the  subsequent  fluctuations 
in  t^e  percentage  of  gas  observed  in  the 
ventilating  current. 

We  are  thus  forced  to  conclude  that 
barometric  changes  affect  mainly  the 
quantity  of  gas  liberated  by  the  floor  and 
roof  of  the  seam  under  operation,  wheth- 
er this  gas  is  contained  in  the  rocks  them- 
selves or  comes  through  fissures  from  ad- 
jacent seams. 

The    gaseous    zone    above    and    below 

'Thpae  olworvatlons  are  kIvimi  In  dptall  in 
llip  oilelnnl  article,  but  are  omitted  lieic  for 
lack    oi    space. — Kditoii. 


568 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


the  seam  under  development  retreats  as 
work  in  the  seam  advances;  as  the  co.il 
is  removed  the  roof  settles  and  the  floor 
tends  to  rise,  causing  fractures  through 
which  the  gas  of  adjoining  virgin  seams 
enters  the  workings.  A  solid  seam  is 
comparatively  impervious  to  the  passage 
of  gas,  as  our  experiments  indicate.  The 
pressure  that  actuates  a  flow  of  gas 
through  the  fractured  zone  is,  therefore, 
entirely  independent  of  the  original  pres- 
sure existing  in  the  neighboring  seams  in 
their  undisturbed  condition.  The  baro- 
metric variations,  always  of  relatively 
small  magnitude,  are  not,  then,  pitted 
against  the  pressure  of  kilograms,  as  it 
exists  in  solid  seams,  and  are.  therefore, 
able  to  influence  the  flow  of  gas  from  this 
fissured  zone  to  the  degree  which  we  have 
observed. 

As  the  drainage  of  gas  from  the  frac- 
tured region  becomes  more  complete,  the 
pressure  becomes  more  and  more  feeble, 
thus  permitting  the  barometric  variations 
to  exert  a  more  and  more  pronounced 
influence  upon  the  outflow.  Thus,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  normal  flow  of  gas  under 
high  pressure  from  the  working  face  and 
from  the  newly  formed  fissures  close  to 
the  working  face,  we  can  readily  imagine 
an  outpouring  of  gas  through  floor  and 
roof,  copious  though  under  low  pressure, 
the  volume  of  which  will  be  proportional 
to  the  area  of  the  old  workings  of  the 
mine.  This,  I  believe,  is  the  source  of 
gas,  most  susceptible  to  barometric 
changes,  that  is  responsible  for  the  tre- 
mendous observed  variations  in  the  quan- 
tity of  firedamp  liberated  by  a  given  coal 
mine. 

Quantity  of  Gas  Does  Not  Depend  En- 
tirely ON  Fluctuation  in  Pressure 

On  this  supposition,  it  is  easy  to  in- 
terpret the  results  of  our  experiments  iti 
the  Du  Souiche  seam.  The  quantity  of 
liberated  gas  does  not  depend  alone  on 
the  magnitude  of  the  fluctuation  in  pres- 
sure, but  also  on  the  absolute  barometric 
reading  at  each  moment,  becoming  there- 
by proportional  to  the  length  of  time 
elapsed  between  the  two  extreme  pres- 
sures defining  the  fluctuation.  On  this 
ground,  also,  we  can  explain  the  dispro- 
portionate values  found  by  computing  the 
volume  of  voids  in  the  old  workings; 
neither  are  we  compelled  to  assume  that 
these  voids  are  filled  with  pure  methane, 
an  assumption  not  borne  out  by  our  ob- 
servations. 

Examining  the  curves  in  Fig.  1,  we  see 
that  when  a  period  of  constant  pressure 
follows  a  fluctuation,  the  percentage  of 
gas  maintains  the  level  it  reached  as  a 
result  of  the  fiuctuation.  A  maximum  or 
a  minimum  pressure  lasting  for  several 
hours  induces  a  minimum  or  a 
maximum  percentage  of  gas  lasting 
for  the  same  length  of  time.  It 
can  not  be  said  that  to  a  given  pressure 
will  always  correspond  the  same  percent- 


age of  gas;  this  is  because  of  the  compli- 
cation introduced  by  the  expansion  and 
contraction  of  the  atmosphere  in  the  old 
workings. 

It  is  noticeable  that  after  a  barometric 
rise  to  a  given  pressure  the  percentage 
of  gas  is  always  smaller  than  after  a 
drop  to  the  same  pressure.  This  can_bc 
understood  on  the  supposition  that  during 
a  period  of  high  pressure  pail  of  the  lib- 
erated gas  finds  its  way  into  the  crevices 
of  the  old  workings,  while  during  a  period 
of  low  pressure  the  whole  outflow  passes 
at  once  into  the  ventilating  current. 

To  the  results  of  our  observations  on 
the  Du  Souiche  seam,  as  stated  earlier, 
I  would  add  the  following: 

6  The  variations  in  the  outflow  of  gas, 
induced  by  fluctuations  in  atmospheric 
pressure,  are  due  not  only  to  voids  in  the 
old  workings  but  to  fissures  in  the  roof 
and  floor  which  permit  the  admission  of 
gas  from  adjoining  coal  seams. 

Counteracting  Barometric  Variations 

As  a  means  of  discounting  the  effect 
of  fluctuations  in  pressure  upon  the  out- 
flow of  gas  in  a  mine,  it  has  generally 
been  suggested  that  the  ventilating  fail 
should  be  driven  faster  during  periods 
of  low  pressure,  but  it  is  equally  import- 
ant that  the  speed  should  be  reduced 
whenever  the  pressure  is  high.  This  is 
a  delicate  means  of  adjustment,  espec- 
ially if  some  form  of  electric  motor,  the 
speed  of  which  is  so  easily  regulated,  be 
used  to  drive  the  fan.  It  should  be  re- 
marked, however,  that  any  attempt  to  at- 
tain complete  uniformity  of  gas  percent- 
age in  the  air  from  a  whole  mine  would 
require  abnormal  and  impracticable  regu- 
lation of  the  motor  speed,  but  any  me- 
chanical device  helping  to  increase  the 
supply  of  air  during  periods  of  low  pres- 
sure should  be  considered  a  step  in  ad- 
vance. 

Using   Hoodep  Ventilators 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  of  interest 
to  outline  the  use  that  may  be  made  of 
hooded  ventilators  for  utilizing  the  power 
of  the  winds  produced  by  the  very  baro- 
metric changes  that  we  are  trying  to  cir- 
cumvent. These  hoods  can  be  supplied  to 
both  downcast  and  upcast  shaft,  assisting 
the  power  of  the  mechanical  ventilator 
by  the  amount  of  their  combined  effort. 
From  data  as  to  wind  velocities,  air 
densities,  and  other  factors,  collected  in 
the  vicinity  of  our  mines,  we  have  com- 
puted that  a  wind  having  a  velocity  great- 
er by  10  m.  per  sec.  than  that  of  the  cur- 
rent down  the  air  shaft  produces  a  motive 
force  equivalent  to  27  mm.  of  water.  Our 
nomial  fan  pressure  during  the  summer 
is  45  mm.  of  water,  for  the  exhaustion  of 
77  cu.m.  per  sec,  which,  in  wniter,  be- 
comes 25  mm.  with  an  output  of  102  cu.m. 
I  strongly  recommend  the  use  of  these 
movable  hoods,  wherever  feasible,  as  an 
adjunct  to  the  usual  mechanical  venti- 
lators. 


Report   on  Bituminous  Coal  Miners 


Washington   Correspondence 


The  report  of  the  Immigration  Com- 
mission on  immigrants  in  bituminous- 
coal  mining,  shows  that,  among  the  for- 
eign-born miners,  the  Poles  show  the 
highest  earning  capacity,  while  the 
French  and  Mexicans  make  a  poor  show- 
ing when  compared  with  other  races; 
less  than  3  per  cent,  of  the  French  min- 
ers and  less  than  2  per  cent,  of  the  Mex- 
can  miners  showed  earnings  greater  than 
S3. 50  per  day. 

An  interesting  part  of  the  report  is 
found  in  the  analyses  of  the  method  of 
securing  men  practised  by  coal  compan- 
ies in  the  Southwest.  Originally  men 
were  transported  directly  from  other  coal- 
fields at  the  expense  of  the  company,  and 
later  transportation  was  furnished  and 
the  cost  was  collected  back  from  wages 
on  the  instalment  plan.  Later  on,  the 
immigrants  were  simply  met  in  New  York 
by  agents  of  the  Southwestern  operators, 
who  offered  them  employment  in  the 
mines.  At  the  present  time,  sufficient 
labor  comes  of  its  own  accord  and  men 
find  employment  through  personal  appli- 
cations. 

The  Union  is  a  Benefit  in  Oklahoma 

In  Oklahoma,  practically  all  of  the 
mines  have  been  unionized,  and  the  im- 
migrant races  have  in  general  fallen  into 
the  union  organization.  The  Immigrant 
Commission  in  reporting  on  this  subject, 
say  that  the  union  system  in  the  South- 
west has  been  of  benefit  both  to  the 
miners  and  operators.  The  hours  worked 
are  practically  an  eight-hours'  day,  whili 
employment  is  rather  more  regular  than 
in  other  fields. 

Wages  are  paid  on  a  scale  for  mining 
which  varies  in  the  different  districts, 
ranging  from  72c.  to  77.5c.  per  ton  for 
pick  mining.  The  men  are  paid  twice  a 
month,  and  a  company  store  system  pre- 
vails whereby  men  can  secure  supplies  on 
credit  between  pay  days.  The  commis- 
sion found,  however,  that  prices  were 
,  reasonable  and  the  goods  were  of  fair 
quality.  The  only  thing  that  the  miners 
were  compelled  to  buy  at  the  company's 
store  was  explosives.  Some  tendency 
toward  the  segregation  of  different  races 
was  found  to  exist,  and  there  was  a  dis- 
position on  the  part  of  some  groups  to 
become  property  owners.  Large  house- 
holds were  more  general  with  the  Irish 
than  any  other  race. 

The  Southern  Bituminous  Field 

In  the  Southern  bituminous  field,  the 
reports  show  that  as  regards  earning  ca- 
pacity, the  German,  with  an  average  an- 
ual  earning  of  S818  stood  highest,  while 
the  south  Italians,  with  only  S582,  were 
lowest.  The  question  of  hours  of  labor 
is   surveved    for   the   several    States   in 


I 


i 


September  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


569 


eluded  in  the  Southern  district,  and  it  ap- 
pears that  hours  are  shorter  in  the  West 
Virginia  fields  than  in  the  Alabama  field. 
The  Virginia  coalfield  is  practical  identi- 
cal in  concfltions  of  work  with  West  Vir- 
ginia, but  many  classes  of  men  work  10 
hours  a  day,  six  days  in  the  week.  One 
pecularity  in  the  immigrants'  labor  situ- 
ation in  the  South  is  found  in  the  South- 
ern convict  leasing  system  of  work. 
Criminals  are  leased  for  work  in  the 
mines  and  are  employed  by  the  com- 
pany under  specified  conditions  of  pay- 
ment to  the  State. 

Reasons  for  Employing  Immigrants  in 
West   Virginia 

The  large  demand  for  the  employment 
of  iinmigrants  in  the  West  Virginia  fields 
has  been  due  to  the  tendency  of  American 
white  miners  to  leave  the  field,  while  on 
the  whole  the  native  whites  have  been 
inefficient  and  the  negroes  have  been  ir- 
regular and  unreliable  in  their  work. 
American  whites  now  employed  in  the 
Pocahontas  and  New  River  fields  are 
chiefly  of  the  better  class  and  are  em- 
ployed in  the  higher  and  more  responsible 
administrative  positions.  In  West  Vir- 
ginia the  immigrant  miners  made  a  rather 
good  impression,  having  been  found  more 
industrious  and  regular  than  the  native 
whites  or  negroes. 

The  percentage  of  literacy  of  persons 
native  born  of  foreign  father  was  much 
higher  than  that  of  persons  native  born 
of  native  father.  The  reduction  of  per- 
centage of  literacy  for  the  native  born 
was  largely  due  to  the  presence  of  many 
negroes.  Among  the  foreign-born  class 
the  Germans  led  in  the  degree  of  literacy. 
Small  interest  was  taken  in  American  in- 
stitutions. The  commissions's  investiga- 
tion of  the  Southern  field  shows  a  greater 
degree  of  general  ignorance  and  a  lower 
economic  status  than  prevails  in  other  bi- 
tuminous-mining fields. 


stating  in  substance  that  "there  is  noth- 
ing to  arbitrate."  Northern  lignite  is  now 
selling  at  S5  per  ton,  and  there  are  al- 
ready fears  of  a  coal  famine  in  Denver 
this  winter. 


The  Colorado  Coal    Strike 
Situation 

Special  Correspondence 

State  Labor  Commissioner  Brake,  of 
Colorado,  has  sent  letters  to  the  coal  op- 
erators of  the  Northern  field,  and  to  the 
officers  of  the  United  Mine  Workers,  urg- 
ing them  to  appoint  committees  which 
shall  meet  jointly  and  compromise  the 
strike.  Unless  this  is  done,  it  is  stated 
that  coinpulsory  arbitration  may  be  re- 
sorted to,  according  to  the  authority  given 
the  commissioner  by  the  Seventeenth 
General  Assembly. 

On  Aug.  30,  the  operators,  at  a  ineet- 
ing  held  in  the  offices  of  F.  F.  Struby, 
president  of  the  Northern  Coal  and  Coke 
Company,  refused  to  arbitrate  their  dif- 
ferences with  the  3000  striking  miners, 
and  sent  a  letter  to  Commissioner  Brake, 


small  Success  in  Utilizing 
Peat    Deposits 


Irish 


Small  success  has  attended  the  recent 
efforts  to  utilize  more  e.\tensively  the 
peat  beds  of  Ireland.  Although  peat 
has  been  for  ages  the  fuel  of  the  poorer 
classes  in  the  remote  districts  of  Ireland, 
no  process  has  yet  been  discovered  for 
converting  it  into  a  desirable  and  econotn- 
ical  commercial  fuel.  Many  schemes 
have  been  tried  in  Ireland  in  recent  years 
and  extensive  and  well-equipped  plants 
have  been  erected  in  different  parts  of 
the  country  at  enormous  expense,  in  an 
effort  to  convert  the  peat  into  a  profitable 
fuel  for  manufacturing  purposes;  so  far 
all   efforts  have   been   disappointing. 

It  was  thought  at  one  time  that  by 
applying  pressure  to  the  product  in  its 
green  and  wet  state  and  compressing  it 
into  a  convenient  shape,  like  briquets,  it 
could  be  successfully  used  in  place  of 
coal,  but  in  most  cases  this  process  has 
had  to  be  abandoned.  Numerous  expen- 
sive plants  are  idle  waiting  for  some  en- 
terprising company  to  take  hold  of  them, 
and  through  some  new  process  convert 
these  bog  lands  into  mines  of  wealth. 
Manufacturing  paper  out  of  peat  was 
tried  for  a  time,  but  this  industry  has  also 
been  abandoned.  One-seventh  of  the  area 
of  Ireland  consists  of  peat-bog  lands. 


The  Establishment  of  Additional 
Rescue  Stations 


Washington   Correspondence 

The  situation  of  three  of  the  nine  new 
rescue  stations  recommended  for  the  coal- 
fields of  the  country  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  as  a  means  of  reducing  the 
nuinber  of  deaths  in  coal  mines,  was 
determined  by  George  Otis  Smith,  while 
acting  director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 
The  first  will  be  at  Birmingham,  Ala.;  the 
second  at  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  and  the 
third  at  Wilkes-Barre,  Penn.  Other  sta- 
tions will  be  established  throughout  the 
country  as  soon  as  the  plans  are  prepared 
and  the  best  situations  decided  upon. 

Each  station  will  be  in  charge  of  a 
foreman,  a  man  with  practical  mining  ex- 
perience, who  has  been  a  miner,  a  fire- 
boss,  mine  foreman,  manager  of  a  mine 
or  inspector  of  mines.  It  will  be  his  duty 
to  train  the  miners  from  the  coalfields 
within  his  district  in  rescue  work.  It  is 
proposed  that  the  miners  who  work  in  the 
nearby  mines  will,  under  the  guidance  of 
the  foreman  of  the  station,  form  a  volun- 


teer rescue  corps,  ready  to  respond  at 
once  to  any  emergency  call  wMthin  the 
district. 

The  principal  equipment  of  the  station 
will  consist  of  eight  oxygen  helmets. 
An  air  tight  room  will  be  fitted  up  and 
filled  with  smoke.  The  miners  who  are 
sent  to  the  station  will  practise  with  the 
oxygen  helmets  in  this  room  until  they 
are  perfectly  familiar  with  the  apparatus. 
It  is  expected  that  it  will  take  two  weeks 
to  thoroughly  train  a  miner  for  this  work. 
The  men  will  be  housed  and  fed  at  the 
station  during  the  training  period.  When 
they  return  to  their  respective  mines,  it 
is  expected  that  they  will  form  rescue 
corps  and  have  properly  equipped  sta- 
tions of  their  own. 

At  a  mine  disaster,  the  foreman  of  a 
station  will  have  charge  of  the  rescue 
work.  A  mining  engineer  will  be  sta- 
tioned in  the  district,  whose  duty  it  will 
be  to  examine  the  physical  condition  of 
the  mines  and  have  general  supervision 
over  the  training  in  rescue  work. 


^IICOLLIERY- NOTES  |[!^ 


The  No.  2  colliery  of  the  Kingston  Coal 
Company,  Kingston,  Penn.,  during  the 
month  of  August  just  closed,  shipped 
104,395  tons,  thus  exceeding  by  11,000 
tons,  the  former  monthly  anthracite  re- 
gion record  of  October,  1909,  held  by  this 
colliery. 

Alleging  that  injuries  received  at  a 
colliery  of  the  Lehigh  &  Wilkesbarre 
Coal  Company,  near  Hazleton,  Penn.,  was 
due  to  the  neglect  of  a  miner  who  w-as 
working  without  a  certificate,  a  foreign 
miner  asked  for  S25,000  damages  from 
the  company.  As  a  test  case,  this  suit 
will  be  interesting. 

The  annual  report  of  Chief  Mine  In- 
spector Roderick,  of  Pennsylvania,  dwells 
upon  the  importance  of  educating  the 
foreign  miner  in  the  proper  use  of  the 
English  language.  All  those  interested 
in  mining  coal,  now  realize  that  the  ma- 
jority of  mining  accidents  are  due  to  ig- 
norance and  incompetent  foreign  miners, 
and  that  the  dangerous  deficiency  can  be 
largely  overcome  through  the  education 
of  the  foreigner.  What  we  want  to  know, 
however,  is  just  how  to  go  about  this 
work.  Practical  suggestions  regarding 
the  establishment  of  schools  will  be  lis- 
tened to  with  interest  by  all.  If  the  mine 
owners  do  not  solve  this  problem  soon, 
the  State  Legislatures  will  be  obliged  to 
take  the  matter  up  and  pass  restrictive 
legislation.  At  the  present  moment,  there 
seems  to  be  no  good  reason  why  a  miner, 
to  be  eligible  for  employment  under- 
ground, should  not  show  a  certificate 
proving  that  he  has  an  intelligent  under- 
standing of  English.  Some  act  of  this 
sort  would  put  it  up  to  the  operator  and 
to  the  miner  so  strongly,  that  a  satisfac- 
tory solution  would  be  forthcoming  im- 
mediately. 


570 


THF    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS 


Die    EiN'TSTEHUNC    DER    Steinkohle    und 
DER      Kaustobiolithe      uberhaupt. 

(WIE    DES    ToRFS,    DER    BRAUNKOHLE, 

des  Petroleums  usvc.)  Nach  Vor- 
lesungen,  Gehalten  auf  der  Kgl. 
Bergakademie  vjd  der  Universitat 
zu  Berlin,  by  H.  Potonie.  7m..  80 
pfg.,  Gebriider  Borntraeger,  Berlin. 

Chemists'  Pocket  Manual,  by  Richard 
K.  Meade.    S3.    Chemical  Publishing 
Company.  Easton,  Penn. 
A  practical  hand-book  containing  tables, 
formulas,     calculations     and     analytical 
methods    for    the    use    of    chemists    and 
engineers.     This  volume  presents  in  con- 
densed    form     such     information     as     is 
usually   found   distributed   through   many 
large  volum.es     Its  conciseness  and  brev- 
ity should  make  it  especially  valuable  for 
the  busy  man. 

.Modern  Assaying:  A  Concise  Treatise 
Describing    Latest    Methods    and 
Appliances.     By  J.  Reginald  Smith. 
Edited  by  F.  W.  Braun.    J.  B.Lippin- 
cott  Company,   Philadelphia. 
This  volume  is  not  intended  as  an  ex- 
haustive treatise  on  the  subject.     It  is  an 
assayers'  handbook  dealing  with  fire  as- 
says, volumetric  methods  and  the  Guess- 
Haultain   electrolytic   method    for   copper 
and    lead.      The    author    presents    in    a 
simple  manner  the  methods  of  assaying 
precious  metals,  together  with  a  descrip- 
tion of  many  of  the  latest  mechanical  ap- 
pliances used   in  the  art. 

A  Manual  for  Assayers  and  Chemists. 
By  W.  H.  Seamon.  S2.50.  John 
Wiley  and  Sons.  New  York. 
The  book  is  prepared  especially  for  the 
young  graduate  engineer  and  chemist. 
It  gives  methods  with  which  the  author 
has  had  satisfactory  results.  The  sub- 
ject is  divided  into  four  parts:  Metallic 
determinations,  nonmetallic.  miscellan- 
eous and  tables.  The  methods  given  are 
dealt  with  in  a  practical  manner,  leaving 
out  theoretical  discussion.  At  the  close 
of  the  chapter  on  each  element  is  a  para- 
graph on  its  "uses  and  valuation."  The 
last  two  chapters  give  much  information 
on  ore  contracts,  sampling  and  making 
settlements. 

Practical  Data  for  the  Cyanide  Plant, 
by  Herbert  A.  Megraw.      Illustrated, 
93    pages,    S2.      McGraw-Hill    Book 
Company,  New  York. 
A  compilation  of  data  on  cyanide  plant 
equipment  and  practice  designed  to  assist 
the  "man  on  shift"  in  understanding  the 
basic   principles   of  his   operations.     The 
chief    types    of    crushing    machines,    of 
tanks    used    in    sands    and    slimes    treat- 
ment, and  of  slimes  filters  are  mentioned 
and   the   methods   of  ore   treatment    and 
precipitation  of  solution  explained.    Some 
instructive  information  regarding  prelim- 


inary experiments  on  ores  is  given.  Forty- 
eight  pages  are  devoted  to  tables  of  data 
useful  in  cyaniding  and  in  general  en- 
gineering practice. 

American   Producer  Gas  Practice  and 
Industrial    Gas    Engineering,    by 
Nisbet  Latta.     $6.     D.  Van  Nostrand 
Company,  New  York. 
Contents:     Producer  operation;   clean- 
ing   the    gas;     works    details;    producer 
types;   moving  gases;  solid   fuels;   phys- 
ical properties  of  gases;   chemical  prop- 
erties of  gases;  gas  analyses;  gas  power; 
gas  engines;  industrial  gas  applications; 
furnaces  and  kilns;  burning  lime  and  ce- 
ment; pre-heating  air;   Doherty  combus- 
tion economizer;  combustion  in  furnaces; 
heat;  temperature,  ladiation  and  conduc- 
tion; heat  measurements:  pyrometry  and 
calorimetry;    pipes,   flues   and   chimneys; 
materials:  fire  clay,  masonry,  weights  and 
rope;  useful  tables;  oil  fuel  producer  gas. 

The  Ore   Deposits  of  New   Mexico,  by 
Waldemar  Lindgren,  Loiiis  C.  Graton 
and  Charles  H.  Gordon.     U.  S.  Geo- 
logical   Survey.    Professional    Paper 
68,  1910.     Washington. 
This   report  is   the   first   publication   of 
the    Survey    that    deals    comprehensively 
with  the   geology  and   ore   deposits  of  a 
single  State  or  Territory.     The   accounts 
of    the    mining    districts    are    necessarily 
brief  but  contain  much  detailed  informa- 
tion, and  the   report  not  only  provides  a 
summary  of  the  important  facts  concern- 
ing the  ore  deposits  but  includes  discus- 
sions of  the  broad   relations  of  the  ores 
and   of  their  origin.     The  work  is  likely 
to  remain  for  many  years  a  valuable  ref- 
erence  book    for   all    who    are    interested 
in  the  mineral  resources  of  New  Mexico. 

The  Earthquake  of  1872  in  the  Owens 
Valley,  California.    By  William  H. 
Hobbs.     Pamphlet  reprint  by  author 
from  proceedings  of  the  Association 
of  American   Geographers,   Chicago. 
Professor   Hobbs  has,  in   this  publica- 
tion, interpreted  the  field  data  of  Willard 
D.  Johnson,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Sur- 
vey, relating  to  the  physical  and  geologi- 
cal   changes    resulting   from    the    notable 
earthquake  which  occurred  in  1872,  in  the 
Owens  Valley  region  of  California.     He 
points  out  that  the  visible  scarps  clearly 
represent     faults   in    the    basement,     for 
they   extend   without   deviation   of   direc- 
tion into  the  rock  spurs  of  the  adjacent 
Alabama  hills  and  says  that  they  certainly 
do  not  represent  more  than  a  small  pro- 
portion of  the  faults  wit'-in  the  basement. 
This  condition  he  finds  in  parallel  at  Ton- 
opah,  Nev.,  as  disclosed  by  the  maps  pre- 
pared by  J.  E.  Spurr.     Many  pictures  and 
maps  are  produced. 

Electric  Power  Plant  Engineering.  By 
J.    Weingreen.       $5.       McGraw-Hill 
Book  Company. 
The  development  of  the  electric  indus- 
try has  been  so  rapid  in  recent  years  that 


it  has  been  difficult  to  treat  comprehen- 
sively of  the  various  problems  attending 
the  generation  and  distribution  of  elec- 
trical energy.  The  present  volume  is  in- 
tended to  formulate  as  far  as  possible 
rules  and  regulations  which  may  be  used 
as  guides  in  the  various  problems.  It  is 
assumed  that  the  reader  is  familiar  with 
the  basic  principles  of  electrical  engi- 
neering, and  with  electrical  machinery  and 
instruments.  Discussions  of  theory  are 
therefore  omitted  and  the  higher  mathe- 
matics eliminated  as  far  as  possible.  The 
book  has  brought  together  a  large  amount 
of  material  which  ought  to  be  extremely 
useful  to  the  engineer  and  contractor,  and 
presents  much  information  as  to  the  latest 
and  best  methods  of  handling  electric 
energy.  It  seems  to  be  thoroughly  prac- 
tical. Moreover  it  does  not  assume  that 
anything  approaching  perfection  has  been 
reached,  and  is  careful  to  point  out  lines 
of  possible  future  development.  So  many 
mining  engineers  have  to  do  with  the 
establishment  and  use  of  power  plants, 
that  the  book  should  be  a  valuable  aid  to 
them. 

Summary  Report  of  the  Mines  Branch 
of  the  Canadian  Department  of 
Mines  for  the  CalendarYear  1909. 
Paper,  illustrated,  181  pages,  10c. 
C.  H.  Parmelee,  Kings'  Printer,  Otta- 
wa. 
This  report  gives  statistics  of  the  min- 
eral production  of  Canada;  those  for  1909 
already  published  in  another  form  being 
subject  to  revision.  A  comprehensive  re- 
view is  presented  of  the  work  of  the 
Mines  Branch,  which  covered  a  wider 
field  than  usual.  An  account  is  given  of 
the  special  investigations  started  in  con- 
nection with  the  development  of  the  gov-  ■ 
ernment  peat  bog  at  Alfred,  for  demon- 
strating the  practicability  of  the  economic 
manufacture  of  air-dried  peat;  the  dem- 
onstration at  the  fuel-testing  station,  at 
Ottawa,  to  show  that  peat  and  other  lo'.i-- 
grade  fuels  can  be  utilized  for  the  pro- 
duction of  power;  and  the  coal  tests  at 
McCill  University,  the  latter  being  com- 
pleted. Considerable  attention  has  been 
devoted  to  the  collection  of  information 
in  regard  to  mine  accidents  caused  by  ex- 
plosives, showing  that  the  larger  numbei 
of  fatalities  in  Cann.dian  mines  as  com- 
pared with  those  of  Great  Britain  is  ob- 
viously due  to  the  absence  in  the  former 
case  of  protective  legislation.  As  a  result 
of  this  investigation  remedial  measures' 
are  now  being  prepared.  Reports  of  field 
officers  give  the  results  of  the  season's 
work  in  investigating  occurrences  in  iron 
ore,  manganese,  nickel  and  molybdenum 
in  Ontario,  Onetiec  and  Nova  Scotia;  of 
the  copper  and  sulphur  mining  industry 
in  the  province  of  Quebec;  the  gypsum, 
industry  in  New  Brunswick  and  Nova 
Scotia,  and  the  coal-mining  industry  of; 
Nova  Scotia,  together  with  the  collectior 
of  additional  data  for  a  second  edition 
of  Fritz  Cirkel's  monograph  on  asbestos 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


571 


PERSO  NAL 


Mining  and  raetallurRical  engineers  are  in- 
vited to  keep  TiiK  K.NiiiXKEUiXd  axi>  Mixixc, 
JoriiXAi.  Informed  of  their  movements  and 
apix'lutnients. 


Wilbur  E.  Sanders  is  visiting  New  Yorlc. 

Carl  F.  Dietz,  of  Dietz  &  Keedy,  Bos- 
ton, has  returned  from  Europe. 

Mark  R.  Lamb,  of  the  AUis-Chalmers 
Company,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  is  in  New 
York. 

Charles  Kirchhoff,  who  has  been  abroad 
for  several  months,  arrived  in  New  York 
recently. 

Allen  H.  Rogers  left  New  York  this 
week  for  Sonora  and  New  Mexico  to  be 
absent  about   four  weeks. 

I  G.  Harold  Grant,  of  Victoria,  B.  C, 
I  was  at  the  coal  mines  on  Juan  de  Fuca 
,  strait,  Washington,   in   August. 

E.  K.  Soper  has  returned  to  Minne- 
apolis, Minn.,  after  several  months  spent 
on  the  iron  ranges  of  Minnesota. 

Hon.  William  Templeman,  of  Ottawa, 
minister  of  mines  for  Canada,  is  spending 
a  few  weeks  in  British  Columbia. 

H.  F.  Lefevre  left  New  York  last  week 
on  his  way  to  Guatemala,  where  he  ex- 
pects to  remain  about  two  months. 

I  Albert  L.  Waters,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
has  gone  to  Tucson,  Ariz.,  on  profes- 
sional business  to  remain  several  months. 

R.  G.  Edwards  Leckie,  of  Sudbury, 
3nt.,  h.is  been  examining  mineral  claims  in 
Portland  canal  district,  British  Coluinbia. 

E.  H.  Webster  has  resigned  the  man- 
agement of  La  Repiiblica  mine,  at  Ocam- 
30,  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  effective  Sept. 
?0  next. 

John  G.  Worth  has  removed  his  office 
0  the  Equitable  building,  Denver,  Colo. 
^e  is  now  in  California,  on  professional 
lusiness. 

Francis  A.  Thomson,  of  Pullman, 
Vash.,  recently  trade  several  examina- 
ions  in  Sanders  and  Missoula  counties, 
Montana. 

E.  Coppee  Thurston  has  been  examin- 
ng  mica  deposits  at  Tete  Jaunc  Cache, 
ipper  Eraser  river,  B.  C,  for  a  Minne- 
ipolis  client. 

Theodore   Rudolph,  of  New   York,   has 
•^cn   appointed    secretary    and    treasurer 
f  the  Sayre  Mining  and   Manufacturing 
".ompany,  Birmingham,  Alabaiin 
John  C.  Brennon  has  retired  from  the 
11  of  Carpenter,  Brennon  &  Ryan,  and 
opened  offices  at  519  La  Alutua,  City 
■  Mexico;  also  an  office  at  Monterey. 
^     H.    Prunty,    recently    of    San    Luis 
'tosi,  has  bought  the  laboratory  of  Wil- 
"■1  Collier  at  Guadalajara,  ,Mexico.   Mr. 
lier  will  return  to  the  United  States 
IL    L.    Schleifr,    of    Berlin.    Germany, 


has  just  completed  an  examination  of  the 
tungsten  deposits  at  Cedar  Canon,  Deer 
Park  and  Loon  Lake,  in  Stevens  county, 
Washington. 

Hugh  D.  Pallister,  recently  at  the  Case 
School  of  Applied  Science,  Cleveland,  O., 
is  now  assistant  in  metallurgy  in  the 
School  of  Mines  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  College. 

Dr.  George  E.  Ladd.  president  of  the 
Oklahoma  School  of  Mines  and  Metal- 
lurgy, has  been  in  New  Y'ork  and  Boston 
this  week,  selecting  equipment  for  the 
new  laboratories  at  Wilburton. 

Charles  von  Brandis,  of  Durango,  has 
been  appointed  general  superintendent  of 
mines  for  the  Lucia  Mining  Company,  at 
Gabriel,  Durango,  Mexico.  A.  Macfar- 
lane,  who  formerly  held  the  position,  is 
now  in  Denver. 

A.  J.  McMillan,  for  years  managing 
director  of  the  Le  Roi  Mining  Company, 
Rossland,  B.  C,  has  been  appointed 
liquidator  by  the  shareholders,  who  have 
decided  that  the  company  shall  go  into 
voluntary  liquidation. 

D.  C.  Macdonald,  of  Berkley,  Cal., 
superintendent  of  the  Dominion  Lode  De- 
velopment Company,  which  is  developing 
a  quartz  mine  on  the  divide  between 
Dominion  and  Lombard  creeks,  Yukon 
Territory,  is  in  San  Francisco. 

Horace  V.  Winchell,  who  has  been 
spending  some  time  in  Sweden,  attending 
the  International  Geological  Congress  at 
Stockholm  and  visiting  Swedish  iron 
mines,  will  sail  from  England  for  the 
United  States  early  in  October. 

H.  B.  Maule,  who  has  done  much  work 
for  the  Geological  Survey  of  Great 
Britain  and  also  in  British  East  Africa, 
has  been  appointed  director  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Rhodesia,  and  has 
sailed  from  London  to  assume  his  new 
duties. 

D.  P.  Roberts,  chief  electrical  engineer 
of  the  city  of  London,  Ont.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed by  the  Government  of  British 
Columbia  inspector  of  electrical  energy 
for  that  province.  This  is  a  new  office, 
created  by  the  Provincial  Legislature  at 
its  last  session. 

Jatnes  AlcLean,  vice-president  of 
Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.,  has  been  chosen 
chairman  of  the  Copper  Producers'  As- 
sociation in  place  of  Col.  T.  L.  Liver- 
more,  resigned.  Rudolph  L.  Agassiz,  vice- 
president  of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla,  suc- 
ceeds Colonel  Livermore  as  a  director 
of  the  association. 

A.  F.  Allard,  for  some  time  engineer 
of  construction  in  charge  of  the  building 
of  new  coke  plants  for  the  H.  C.  Frick 
Coke  Company,  has  been  appointed  engi- 
neer for  the  United  States  Steel  Corpora- 
tion, with  headquarters  at  Gary,  Ind.  He 
will  have  charge  of  new  coke  plants  at 
Gary  and  elsewhere  in  Indiana  and  Il- 
linois. 


O  B  I TUARY 


James  McCarthy,  a  mining  engineer, 
well  known  in  Alaska,  was  drowned  Aug. 
25,    in     McCarthy     creek     near     Valdez 

Isaac  L.  Ellwood  died  at  De  Kalb,  III.. 
Sept.  11,  aged  77  years.  He  was  at  one 
time  prominent  in  the  iron  trade  and  was 
one  of  the  early  makers  of  barbed  wire. 
He  also  took  an  active  part  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  tinplate  manufacture  in  In- 
diana. 

William  Harris  died  at  Pachuca,  Mex- 
ico, Sept.  *),  aged  58  years.  He  was  born 
in  Cornwall,  but  had  lived  in  Mexico  for 
many  years.  He  was  for  a  long  time 
with  the  Real  del  Monte,  but  for  some 
years  past  had  been  with  La  Blanca 
Company. 

Theodore  Giles  Montague,  a  large 
stockholder  in  the  Roane  Iron  Company. 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  which  his  brother. 
D.  P.  Montague,  is  vice-president,  died 
Sept.  2,  aged  74  years.  He  was  con- 
nected prominently  with  banking,  manu- 
facturing and  real  estate  interests  in 
Chattanooga. 


SlISOCIETIESand'TECHNlCAL  SCHOOLSlf^ 


American  Miners  of  Pachuca — At  a 
meeting  held  at  Pachuca,  Sept.  6,  it  was 
decided  to  form  an  association  including 
the  American  mining  men  of  the  district. 
C.  W.  Van  Law  and  Walter  McCann  werj 
appointed  a  committee  to  prepare  the  de- 
tails and  arrange  for  legal  incorporation. 

Iron  and  Steel  Institute  of  Great  Britc.in 
— The  autumn  meeting  will  be  held  at 
Buxton,  England,  Sept.  26-30.  The  fol- 
lowing papers  will  be  presented: 

1.  "Electric  Steel  Refining."  D.  F. 
Campbell,  London. 

2.  "The  Hanyang  Iron  and  Steel 
Works."    G.  Chamier,  Hankow,  China. 

3.  "Manganese  in  Cast  Iron  and  the 
Volume  Changes  during  Cooling."  H.  I. 
Coe,  Birmingham. 

4.  "Sulphurous  Acid  as  a  Metallo- 
graphic  Etching  Medium."  E.  Colver- 
Glauert,  Berlin,  and  S.  Hilpert,  Charlot- 
tenburg,  Germany. 

5.  "The  Theory  of  Hardening  Carbon 
StL  ;ls."    C.  A.  Edwards,  Manchester. 

6.  "The  Influence  of  Silicon  on  Pure 
Cast  Iron."  A.  Hague  and  T.  Turner, 
Birmingham. 

7.  "The  Preparation  of  Magnetic  Ox- 
ides of  Iron  from  Aqueous  Solutions." 
S.  Hilpert,  Charloitenburg.  Germany. 

8.  "The  Manufacture  of  Rolled  H- 
beams."    G.  E.  Moore,  Loughborough. 

9.  "The  Utilization  of  Electric  Power 
in  the  Iron  and  Steel  Industry."  J.  Elink 
Schuurman,  Baden,  Switzerland. 

10.  "The  Briquetting  of  Iron  Ores." 
C.  de  Schwarz,  Liege,  Belgium. 

11.  "Some  Experiments  on  Fatigue  of 
Metals."    J.  H.  Smith,  Belfast,  Ireland. 


572 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  COFRESPONDENCE 

h^^       Reoorts     From    Our     0-wn    Representatives     on       (?^ 


epor 


\vn    Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Marty      Important 
MirLJng     Centers    of^     tKe  'World       -^ 


San   Francisco 
Sept.    10 — Sacramento    and     Stockton, 
the   largest  two   of  the   interior  cities  of 
the  State,  situated  on  the  navigable  por- 
tions of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin 
rivers  respectively,  were  in  the  early  days 
of  mining  in  California,  headquarters  for 
outfitting  for  the  mountain  mining  camps. 
When   railroads  were  built  this  class  of 
trade  became  small  and  both  cities  were 
more   interested   in   the   agricultural   pro- 
ductions of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joa- 
quin valleys   and   have    since    prospered 
greatly.     Of  late  their  citizens  have  gone 
into   mining   to   considerable    extent    and 
numbers   of  mining   companies   are    con- 
trolled by  them.     Large  quantities  of  min- 
ing supplies  are  purchased  in  both  cities 
and  they   are   again   on  the   lookout  for 
miner's  trade.     And  not  only  that  but  one 
of  them  at  least  is  looking  out  for  min- 
ing investors  also.     The  Stockton  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce  has  set  a  good  example 
and   adopted  an   original   plan  to  protect 
the  name  of  the  city  from  manipulators 
of   "wild-cat"    mining    and    oil    company 
schemes.     With  the  idea  of  keeping  the 
public  informed  and  prevent  swindles,  the 
chamber  has  appointed   a  standing  com- 
mittee  of   three   members,   consisting   of 
one    mining   engineer   and     two     bankers 
who  will,  on   application,   investigate  the 
character  of  any  mining  proposition  gen- 
erally, and  report  on  it  to  the  chamber. 
The   cost   of   the    investigation    must    be 
borne  by  the  applicants.     The  men   who 
pass  through  the  city  on  the  way  to  the 
southern   mines,  often   stop   to   make   in- 
quiries about  properties,  especially  men 
from  the  Eastern  States.     As  the  Mother 
Lode  counties  are   tributary  to  Stockton 
most    inquiries    relate    to    them    and    the 
necessary    information     is     within     easy 
reach.     The  plan  is  to  bring  the  city  into 
closer   touch     with     neighboring     mining 
communities. 

Unless  the  "winter  rains"  set  in  early 
this  fall  a  serious  water  shortage  is  im- 
minent in  the  foothill  and  mountain  coun- 
ties where  most  of  the  gold  mines  are. 
Already  a  number  of  mining  properties 
have  had  to  close  down  and  others  have 
had  to  hang  up  part  of  their  stamps  at 
•the  mills.  The  hope  now  is  that  water 
will  be  available  to  at  least  keep  up 
enough  power  so  that  mine  pumping  may 
continue  without  interruption.  The  big 
storage  reservoirs  of  many  of  the  power 
and  ditch  companies  are  unusually  low 
for  this  season,  and  the  rain  must  be  de- 
pended on  to  refill  them. 

The   lowest   rate   for  years   in  the   oil 
market  now  prevails  in  this  State — 30c. 


per  bbl.  in  the  field.  The  heaviest  pur- 
chaser announces  that  it  will  not  pay  be- 
yond that  price.  This  is  on  account  of 
the  excess  production  in  Kern  county. 
The  price  had  been  up  to  50c.,  and  above 
40c.  for  some  time  but  even  this  could 
not  be  sustained.  Before  the  present 
heavy  output  began  to  affect  the  market, 
63c.  per  barrel  was  given  for  fuel  oil 
and  it  was  expected  that  this  rate  would 
be  raised.  There  are  eight  gushers  now 
flowing  in  the  Midway  field,  four  of  them 
being  wonderfully  large  ones.  Many 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  barrels  of  oil 
are  being  stored.  The  great  Lakeview 
gusher  is  flowing  about  17,000  bbl.  daily. 
The  American  Oilfields  well  is  yielding 
fiom  30,000  to  40,000  bbl.  daily.  The 
Consolidated  Oil  Company's  well  in  the 
Midway  field,  which  is  2000  ft.  deep,  is 
capable  of  throwing  3000  bbl.  an  hour, 
but  is  under  control  because  the  owners 
put  on  the  proper  appliances  before  the 
great  flow  was  struck  and  can  there- 
fore now  handle  it  at  will. 

The  new  employer's  liability  law 
passed  by  the  last  legislature  was  strong- 
ly opposed  by  the  mine  owners  and  man- 
agers, but  without  avail,  since  the  in- 
fluence of  the  labor  unions  was  stronger 
than  theirs.  A  decision  has  been  just 
handed  down  by  the  Supreme  court  which 
shows  what  is  to  be  expected  when  a 
damage  suit  is  instituted  under  the  new 
law.  An  em.ployee  of  the  Northern  Power 
Company  was  injured  while  stringing 
wires,  being  ordered  by  the  foreman  to 
climb  a  tree  to  fasten  a  wire,  when  an- 
other tree  fell  upon  and  injured  him.  He 
was  denied  damages  by  the  lower  court 
and  this  has  been  upheld  by  the  State 
Supreme  court.  In  rendering  the  last  de- 
cision, however,  the  court  quoted  the  sec- 
tion of  the  civil  code  then  in  force,  but 
intimated  that  under  the  new  law  the  de- 
cision would  have  been  the  opposite. 


made,  and  it  is  further  stated  that  sam- 
ples across  the  vein  yield  S1500  per  ton 
in  gold.  This  mine  is  at  the  contact  of  a 
vertical  plug  of  phonolite  with  the  Pike's 
Peak  granite  of  Beacon  hill. 

The  El  Paso  company's  crosscut  under 
the  El  Paso  shaft,  at  the  tunnel  level,  to 
connect  with  the  churn-drill  hole,  is  com- 
pleted, and  an  uprise  to  connect  with  the 
shaft  commenced.  The  distance  between 
the  two  is  295  ft.,  and  it  is  expected  that 
water  will  be  running  through  the  deep 
drainage  tunnel  in  about  a  month.  It 
is  not  true,  as  stated,  that  the  tunnel  is 
already  lowering  the  water  in  many  of 
the  mines. 


Denver 

Sep/.  10— The  Denver  mint  has  now  be- 
gun, and  it  is  stated  will  continue  for 
some  time,  to  turn  out  S20  g^ld  pieces 
at  the  rate  of  S200,000  per  day.  On  Au- 
gust, $865,000  in  SIO  gold  pieces,  and 
857,000  in  25-cent  silver  pieces,  were 
coined,  but  work  has  been  stopped  on 
these  and  the  whole  force  put  on  the 
double  eagles.  The  increased  call  for 
gold   for  export  is  given   as  the   reason. 

A  report  comes  from  Cripple  Creek 
that  on  the  Little  May  claim,  of  the  El 
Paso  Consolidated  property,  a  strike  of 
extraordinarily  high-grade  ore  has  been 


Butte 

Sept.  12 — At  a  conference  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers,  being  held  in 
Billings,  it  has  been  decided  to  demand 
an  increase  of  5.55  per  cent,  in  wages 
and  an  8-hour  day.  This  is  considered 
by  the  coal-mine  operators  as  equivalent 
to  a  15  per  cent,  increase  in  the  scale 
and  will  probably  cause  a  determined  re- 
sistance on  their  part.  President  James 
Pearson,  of  the  operators'  organization, 
in  speaking  of  the  action  of  the  confer- 
ence, states:  "We  have  heard  all  along, 
that  the  miners  would  make  no  such  de- 
mand and  had  hoped  this  was  true.  We 
simply  cannot  and  will  not  accede  to  it, 
and  on  this  point  we  are  all  agreed.  The 
association  is  now  paying  the  highest 
scale  in  the  country.  It  is  $1  a  day  high- 
er than  in  the  East  for  the  same  class  of 
labor  and  higher  than  is  paid  in  Wy- 
oming and  Canada,  both  of  which  are 
competitive  fields.  It  is  up  to  these 
places  to  raise  their  scale  before  we 
should  be  asked  to  do  so.  The  scale  in 
Montana  is  higher  for  the  reason  that  the 
basis  has  been  the  rate  paid  for  metal 
mining  and  even  now  we  are  paying  25c. 
per  day  more  than  is  paid  in  the  metal 
mines.  Not  only  are  we  paying  a  consid- 
erably higher  scale,  but  the  outlook  for 
business  is  not  at  all  flattering  at  present.. 
We  have  never  yet  taken  a  stand  against 
the  miners,  and  had  hoped  we  would  not 
have  to  do  so  in  this  instance:  but  we 
simply  cannot,  in  the  face  of  existing  con- 
ditions, agree  to  any  further  increase  ir 
the  scale.  Unofficial  reports  have  from 
time  to  time  been  given  out  by  delegates 
to  the  Mine  Workers  convention  to  the 
effect  that  they  did  not  expect  any  de- 


is  possible  that  they  were  either  not  in- 
formed or  had  reference  to  demands 
other  than  those  provided  for  by  the 
Indianapolis  convention." 


I 

I 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


573 


Salt  Lake  City 

Sept.  10 — New  orebodies  have  re- 
cently been  encountered  in  the  Utah 
Apex  making  out  along  the  limestone 
bedding  from  the  Dana  fissure.  The  re- 
ports which  have  appeared  in  the  East  to 
the  effect  that  the  Dana  fissure  was  the 
main  source  of  mineralization,  but  that 
until  recently  no  ore  had  been  found  in 
the  fissure  itself,  are  incorrect  in  that  ore 
has  been  inined  from  this  fissure 
for  six  or  eight  months.  The  fis- 
sure has  furnished  a  good  quality  of 
milling  ore,  containing  some  first  class, 
and  is  mined  for  three  sets  or  more  in 
width.  The  ore  found  on  the  fourth 
level  along  the  bedding  carries  from  20 
to  24  per  cent,  lead,  11  to  34  oz.  silver, 
and  from  4  to  8.5  per  cent,  copper. 
This  has  been  followed  on  the  strike 
about  50  ft.  A  raise  90  ft.  above  the 
third  level  has  cut  ore  where  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  bedded  body  was  looked 
for.  There  is  approximately  500  ft.  be- 
tween the  two  points  which  has  not  been 
opened.  Whether  the  ore  is  continuous, 
or  whether  these  are  two  separate  ore- 
bodies  making  from  the  Dana  fissure  is 
not  yet  known.  The  recently  found 
bedded  deposits  are  of  interest  as  prom- 
ising to  open  up  new  bodies  of  silver- 
lead  ore  of  good  grade  and  size  in  this 
section  of  Bingham.  Beside  the  first- 
class  shipped  direct  the  Utah  Apex  is 
milling  ISO  tons  of  ore  daily  in  its  mill 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Parvenue  tunnel, 
and  is  earning  from  .SI 2,000  to  $18,000 
a  month.  During  August  5500  tons  were 
milled.  It  is  proposed  to  increase  the 
capacity  during  the  coming  year. 

The  mill  of  the  South  Utah  Mines  and 
Smelters,  at  Newhouse,  Beaver  county, 
was  placed  in  commission  Sept.  2.  Dur- 
ing the  last  year  the  plant  was  thoroughly 
overhauled  and  practically  rebuilt  under 
the  direction  of  A.  J.  Settles.  Its  normal 
capacity  was  raised  from  800  to  1000 
tons  a  day.  From  the  experience  gained 
wit''  the  old  mill,  it  is  thought  that  the 
changes  will  increase  the  saving,  which 
was  formerly  55  to  63  per  cent.,  to  be- 
tween 75  and  80  per  cent.,  and  result  in 
more  economical  operations  generally. 
The  mine  is  in  condition  to  provide  the 
necessary  tonnage.  Concentrates  amount- 
ing to  100  tons  a  day  are  to  be  shipped 
to  the  International  smeltery.  A  better 
freight  rate  than  heretofore  has  been  ob- 
tained from  the  San  Pedro,  Los  An- 
gles &  Salt  Lake  road.  The  limbering 
T  of  the  machinery  is  progressing,  and 
lie  mill  will  be  brought  up  to  capacity  as 
ioon  as  possible.  There  are  100  men  at 
*ork  in  the  mine  and  mill. 

The  Bingham  &  Garfield  Railway 
"ompany,  Aug.  29,  filed  a  mortgage  deed 
if  trust  with  the  county  recorder.  The 
leed  is  in  favor  of  the  Guaranty  Trust 
i^ompany  of  New  York,  to  secure  a  bond 
|ssue  of  $2,500,000  to  provide  for  the 
onstruction  and  equipment  of  its  line  be- 


tween Bingham  and  Garfield.  The  Utah 
Copper  Company  is  named  as  surety. 
Work  on  the  railroad  is  progressing.  Be- 
tween 30  and  40  per  cent  of  the  grading 
has  been  completed.  It  will  be  necessary 
to  drive  three  tunnels,  and  work  on  these 
has  been  started.  The  road  will  run 
from  Carr  Fork  along  the  north  side  of 
the  canon,  and  will  be  a  little  over  17 
miles  long.  The  maximum  grade  will  be 
2]  J  per  cent. 

Cobalt 

Sept.  10 — The  new  road  from  the  Keely 
mine  to  Silver  Center,  in  South  Lorrain 
has  recently  been  completed,  and  it  is 
now  possible  to  make  ore  shipments.  The 
first  shipment  this  summer  is  being  sent 
out  from  the  Wettlaufer  property,  where 
there  are  two  or  three  cars  in  the  ore 
house.  The  new  substation  of  the  Mines 
Power  Company  will  shortly  be  finished 
and  then  the  mines  will  be  able  to  op- 
erate hy  electric  power.  A  very  notice- 
able improvement  has  recently  taken 
plate  in  several  of  the  properties.  Good 
ore  has  been  discovered  on  the  Frontier, 
and  a  crosscut  is  being  run  from  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  to  open  up  the  main 
vein.  Many  other  important  discoveries 
have  been  made  on  other  properties  and 
there   is  considerable   activity  prevailing. 

A.  A.  Cole,  engineer  of  the  Railway 
Commission,  has  just  returned  from 
Gowganda,  and  reports  conditions  to  be 
very  promising.  Good  ore  has  been  dis- 
covered on  the  120-ft.  level  of  the  Miller 
Lake-OBrien  mine,  and  the  property 
gives  every  indication  of  becoming  a  pro- 
ducer. Several  other  claims  are  also 
showing  up  well,  and  the  shipments  next 
winter  will  probably  exceed  those  of  last 
season. 


Toronto 

Sept.  11 — Sir  Wilfrid  Laurier.  Premier 
of  Canada,  and  his  party,  comprising 
several  members  of  the  Government,  who 
have  been  touring  through  the  West  were 
at  Lethbridge.  Alta.,  on  Sept.  1,  and 
visited  two  coal  mines  operated  by  the 
Alberta  Railway  and  Irrigation  company. 
Strong  representations  were  made  to  them 
by  coal  operators  in  favor  of  reciprocal 
free  trade  with  the  United  States  in 
order  to  enable  them  to  obtain  a  market 
for  their  product.  There  are  in  all  seven 
mines  in  the  district,  having  a  capacity 
of  1600  tons  per  day,  the  output  being 
domestic  coal,  which  sells  at  the  mines 
for  $3.85  per  ton,  but  owing  to  high 
freight  rates  and  tariffs  the  price  in 
Montana  and  Winnipeg  is  S8  per  ton. 
With  free  trade  the  market  in  the  United 
States  would  be  greatly  extended  and 
large  coal  deposits  now  undeveloped  for 
lack  of  a  market,  would  be  opened  up. 

At  Nelson,  B.  C.  during  the  course  of 
the  Premier's  trip,  an  important  announce- 


ment was  made  by  Hon.  William  Tem- 
pleman.  Minister  of  Mines,  who  stated 
that  the  Department  had  decided  to  grant 
a  further  subsidy  for  lead  ore,  and  to 
undertake  experiments  with  a  process  for 
recovering  metal  from  the  low-grade  ore 
of  the  district.  Two  experts  have  been 
engaged  to  conduct  official  experiments  at 
the  Nelson  smeltery. 

Rossland,  B.  C. 
Sept.  6 — Acting  on  the  advice  of  the 
company's    consulting    engineer,    W.    A. 
Carlyle,  of  London,  the   shareholders  of 
the  Le  Roi  company  will  not  spend  more 
money      in      exploring      for     ore,      but 
have       decided       the       company       shall 
go      into     voluntary      liquidation.        Mr. 
Carlyle       reports       that       during       the 
last    ten    years    a    large    amount    of   ex- 
ploration   has    been    consistently    done, 
including     much     diamond     drilling,     of 
which  27,000  ft.  have  been  bored  since 
June,  1906,  and  of  this   15,000  ft.  within 
the   last    12   months.      He   says,    further, 
the   last  of  the  known   pay  ore  is  being 
stoped  out  and  realized  upon.     To  effect- 
ively explore  for  more  ore  at  least  $500,- 
000  would  have  to  be  provided,  but  with 
the  knowledge  of  the  mine  now  possessed 
after  the  extensive  exploratory  work  done 
during  the  last  12  months,  he  cannot  hold 
out  hope  that  there  is  a  prospect  of  suc- 
cess   even    if    the    large    expenditure    of 
money  it  would  require  were  to  be  made. 
The   company    has   valuable    assets,    free 
and  unencumbered  by  mortgage,  and  has 
no  debenture  issue.     Its  debts,  outside  of 
current    expenses,    total    about    $55,000, 
against  which  there  is  cash  on  hand  and 
money  due  for  ore  and  products  shipped, 
together  approximately  $40,000.    A  state- 
ment   published    two    years    ago    showed 
that  from   February,   1889,  to  September, 
1908,  there  had  been  taken   from  the  Le 
Roi  mine  1,445,246  tons  of  ore,  containing 
689,057  oz.  gold.  1,038,906  oz.  silver  and 
41,600,740  lb.  copper,  together  of  a  value 
of  $20,406,627,  or  an  average  of  S14.12 
per  ton.     The  Le  Roi  Mining  Company, 
Ltd.,  was  organized   in  London,  June   '7, 
1898,   under  the    laws   of   Great    Britain, 
with  capitalization  £1.000,000,  shares  £5 
par.    fully   issued   and    fully   paid.     Only 
£50.000    working    capital    was   provided, 
but  as  on  Nov.  7,   1899,  a  dividend  of  ', 
shillings  a  share  was  paid,  it  has  had  act- 
ually no  cash  capital  from  the  sharehold- 
ers  for  development   or  equipment   pur- 
poses.   Two  dividends  were  paid  in   1906. 
one  shilling  and  6  pence   in   March,  and 
two  shillings  in  November.     Prior  to  sale 
by  Spokane,  Wash.,  owners  to  the  British- 
America    Corporation.    London,    in    Jan., 
1898,  the  Le  Roi  paid  its  American  share- 
holders   $995,000    in    dividends.      Under 
British  ownership  much  money  had  been 
spent  in  expensive  inachinery  equipment, 
sinking    the    5-compartment    main    shaft 
1700    ft.,   and    purchase   of   the    smelting 
works  at  Northport.  Washington. 


574 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         Tli  e   Current  History  of    Mining" 


Alaska 

Throughout  the  Fairbanks  district  op- 
erators are  complaining  of  a  shortage 
of  the  supply  of  water  and  mining  op- 
erations are  seriously  hampered,  some 
mines  being  closed  down,  while  others 
are  working  single  shifts  or  with  re- 
duced crews.  On  No.  6,  below  Dome 
creek,  where  in  other  seasons  there  was 
a  sluice  head  flowing,  there  is  scarcely 
enough  water  to  supply  the  boiler. 

The  Scrafford  arrastre,  at  the  junction 
of  Skoogey  gulch  and  Twin  creek,  which 
has  been  milling  ore  from  the  Center  Star 
lead,  has  been  closed  down  while  new 
and  heavier  bearings  are  being  installed. 

Unik — This  placer  property  is  being 
examined  by  J.  J.  Martin,  representative 
of  the  Chicago  Exploration  Company.  A 
wagon  road  is  being  built. 

Red  Wing — This  mine  in  the  Ketchikan 
district  is  being  examined  by  Seattle 
parties,  and  if  conditions  are  favorable, 
development  will  continue. 

Seal  Bay — P.  Heaney  has  made  a 
small  test  shipment  from  this  property. 
The  tunnel  is  in  1600  feet. 

Nome  Gold  Gravel — This  company  will 
build  another  dredge  this  season  for  use 
on  Cripple  creek.  E.  R.  Jordan  is  man- 
ager. 

Quartz  Creek — Edmund  Smith  and 
George  Treat  are  planning  to  install  a 
hydraulic  plant  on  their  claims  next  sea- 
son. 


prove  up  a  large  tonnage  for  steam-shovel 
operations.  Imperial  entered  the  produc- 
ing ranks  in  1904  and  has  yielded  about 
40,000,000  lb.  of  copper  and  approximate- 
ly 400,000  oz.  of  silver. 


Alabama 
The  Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Com- 
pany is  repairing  and  improving  three 
blast  furnaces  and  expect  to  blow  in  one 
of  the  Birmingham  city  furnaces  within 
the  next  three  weeks. 


Arizona 
Gila  County 

National  Mining  Exploration — The  sta- 
tion on  the  778- ft.  level  of  the  Williams 
shaft  is  complete.  There  are  two  gangs 
of  men  nt  work  on  this  level  at  present 
and  two  drifts  are  being  run. 

Warrior — Development  is  continuing  in 

the  western  portion  of  the  workings  on 

the  330- ft.  level  drifting  westward  on  the 

footwall  side  of  the  ore-bearing  trough. 

Pima  County 

Imperial — The  smelting  plant  produced 
400,000  lb.  in  August  before  closing.  De- 
velopment has  been  continued,  both  in 
the  underground  workings  at  the  main 
Imperial  property  and  in  the  porphyry 
ground,  where  efforts  are  being  made  to 


California 

Calaveras  County 
Waterman  Gold  Mining  Company — 
This  company  has  been  organized  by  John 
Ross  and  others  to  work  the  Centennial 
and  Fairfax  mines,  at  Angels.  An  old 
prospect  shaff  has  been  cleaned  and  good 
ore  found  within  SO  ft.  of  the  surface. 
The  vein  is  15  ft.  wide. 

Colusa  County 
Ruby  King — This  property,  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  county,  was  origin- 
ally worked  for  copper.  It  has  been 
found  that  there  is  a  vein  of  cinnabar, 
which  will  be  worked.  Dr.  A.  M.  McCol- 
lum  is  president  and  A.  C.  Kaufman, 
secretary. 

Fresno  County 

Fresno  Copper  Company.  Lid. — This 
company,  owning  mines  and  a  smeltery 
west  of  Clovis,  has  paid  off  one  mortgage 
and  has  assumed  another  under  a  trust 
deed,  reducing  its  indebtedness  by  about 
815,000.  The  Wellman-Seaver-Morgan 
Company,  of  Ohio,  has  released  a  mort- 
gage of  1907  against  the  copper  company 
for  S55,000  and  the  copper  company  last 
month  gave  a  trust  deed  to  the  California 
Title  Insurance  and  Trust  Company  for 
S40,000. 

Davis  Flat — This  company  operating  a 
quartz  mine  at  Davis  Flat  has  decided 
t(.  put  up  a  5-stamp  mill.  R.  E.  Stevens 
and  A.  R.  Steinwand,  of  Selma,  are  inter- 
ested. 

Kern  County 

Ramey — The  12  claims  located  some 
years  ago  by  J.  E.  Ramey,  in  Hamilton 
district  20  miles  east  of  Caliente,  have 
been  sold  to  a  Duluth  company  which  has 
commenced  operations  and  will  soon  put 
up  a  10-stamp  mill.  Mr.  Ramey  will  rep- 
resent the  company. 

Black  Hawk— Th\s  group,  three  miles 
southeast  of  Randsburg,  is  now  being  op- 
erated by  Byrne,  Kuffel  &  Noyser,  and  a 
5-stamp  mill  is  being  run  steadily. 

Mariposa  County 

Ei'ans— From  this  mine  near  Bagby, 
McAlaster,  Leperron  &  Buckley,  have  tak- 
en S4000  from  a  pocket. 

Mount  Gaines — This  mine  at  Hornitos. 
now  closed  owing  to  legal  tangles,  is  ex- 


pected  to  start   shortly   under  new  man- 
agement. 

American  Eagle — This  group,  in 
Quartzburg  district,  near  Exchequer,  has 
been  purchased  by  J.  E.  Meyer,  of  Los 
Angeles.  The  principal  vein  is  nearly 
.50  ft.  wide  at  the  surface.  The  old  tun- 
nel will  be  now  extended  and  a  new  one 
driven.  Electrical  power  is  assured  for  a 
milling  plant.     B.  R.  Binns  is  in  charge. 

Mono  County 

Casa  Diablo — New  orebodies  are  being 
opened  up  in  depth  in  this  mine.  The 
shaft  will  be  deepened  and  the  main  tun- 
nel extended,  and  a  crosscut  tunnel  run. 
Immediate  construction  projected  is  a 
100-ton  tube  mill  and  an  agitating  tank 
for  treatment  of  concentrates  and  tailings. 
The  address  of  the  mine  is  Bishop. 

Gray  Butte — Operations  have  been  re- 
sumed on  this  property  west  of  Benton 
and  Superintendent  Austin  is  driving  a 
long  tunnel  to  tap  the  vein. 

Nevada  County 

Black  Bear — The  high-grade  ore  re- 
cently mined  has  been  milled.  As  soon 
as  the  dimensions  of  the  pay  shoot  are 
determined,  a  mill  will  be  built  by  Mana- 
ger C.  L.  Wilson. 

Red  Ledge — This  company  has  been 
organized  to  work  the  Red  Ledge  mine 
at  Washington.  Clyde  M.  Cole  and  R. 
F.  and  T.  B.  Williamson  are  among  the 
incorporators. 

Consolidated  St.  Gothard — This  com- 
pany is  sinking  the  shaft  of  the  Dellii 
mine  200  ft.  and  the  mill  has  been  hung 
up  until  stoping  begins. 

Round  Mountain — Albert  Rickard  and 
Elmer  Hitchcock,  who  are  opening  a  claim 
at  this  place,  have  found  gravel  on  bed- 
rock. 

Oakman —  At  this  property,  Washing- 
ton, Frank  Dillon,  manager,  a  new  com- 
pressor has  been  installed  and  the  tunnels 
will  be  equipped  with  machine  drills. 

Fairvieiv — The  20-stamp  mill  at  this 
mine,  Washington,  will  be  ready  to  start 
in  two  weeks.  It  will  be  operated  by 
water  power.  John  C.  Nilon  is  superin- 
tendent. 

Birchville — A  fire  at  this  mine,  Granite- 
ville.  has  destroyed  the  mill,  hoisting 
works,  and  all  the  buildings. 

Delhi — The  chlorination  plant  at  this 
mine  will  be  overhauled  and  started  run- 
ning on  accumulated  concentrates.  James 
H.  English  is  in  charge  of  the  plant. 


I 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


575 


Placer  County 
In  the  recent  fires  on  the  Forest  Hill 
divide  the  sawmill,  shaft  house  and  ma- 
chinery of  the  Hidden  Treasure  drift 
mine  were  destroyed ;  loss,  S20,000.  The 
fire  is  supposed  to  have  been  incendiary. 
It  extended  to  the  adjoining  forests, 
menacing  Damascus,  Red  Point  and 
Acacia.  The  buildings  of  the  Macedon 
mine  at  ^X'hisky  Hill  were  also  burned. 
Federal  troops  were  called  out  to  fight 
these  fires  which  is  the  first  time  they 
have  been  called  upon  to  perform  such 
service  outside  the  Yosemite  National 
Park. 

Dardanelles — At  this  Forest  Hill  divide 
drift  mine,  a  300-ft.  tunnel   will  be   run. 

Colorado 
Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 
James  Beshear,  after  whom  Camp 
Beshear  is  named,  is  reported  to  have  just 
opened  up  at  a  depth  of  18  ft.  a  body  of 
smelting  ore  one  foot  wide,  a  mill  test 
of  which  returned  ."^llO  per  ton  in  gold. 
Great  excitement  prevails. 

Lake  County — Leadville 
Ibex — During  the  past  week,  Cofleld 
and  Kyle,  leasing  on  this  mine,  took  out 
116  lb.  of  gold  ore  which  yielded  92  lb. 
troy  of  pure  gold.  A  specimen  weighing 
13  lb.  avoirdupois,  when  run  down,  is  said 
to  have  yielded   10' j   lb.  troy  of  gold. 

New  Monarch — Guides  for  a  cage  are 
being  installed  in  the  shaft  of  this  Little 
Ella  Hill  mine,  while  prospecting  still 
continues  on  the  east  extension  of  the 
Silent  Friend  vein  recently  opened  up  in 
the  lower  levels. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
Cresson — The    August     production     of 
gold   ore   was  approximately  3250   tons, 
of  an  average  of  S20  per  ton. 

Isabella — The  August  production  of 
this  property  was  1232  tons,  of  an  aver- 
age of  about  S25  per  ton.  It  was  pro- 
duced entirely  by  lessees. 

Ajax — During  August,  this  Battle 
mountain  property  produced  52  cars  of 
gold  ore,  the  average  being  about  .'^20  per 
ton. 

Lexington~At  the  350- ft.  level  of  the 
main  Lexington  shaft,  on  the  Clara  D. 
claim.  Lessee  Ivor  Weston  has  opened 
a  new  vein  4  ft.  in  width,  a  trial  ship- 
ment from  which  gave  returns  of  S32.50 
per  ton. 

American  Eagles— Lessee  Jones  is  said 
to  have  opened  a  new  vein  8  ft.  in  width 
a;  the  breast  of  his  drift  at  the  700  level, 
assaying  S20  a  ton. 

El  Paso  Consolidated  Oscar  Fogle- 
man,  lessee,  has  opened  a  new  shoot  of 
ore.  said  to  be  4  ft.  wide,  of  an  average 
grade  of  S40  per  ton. 

Granite—The  retimbering  of  the  Gold 
Coin  shaft  having  been  completed,  many 
leases  are  being  granted,  and  as  soon  as 
the  Granite  lower  levels  have  been  un- 


watered   it  is  expected  that  the  production 
will  reach   1000  tons  per  month. 

Dolly  Varden — This  mine,  under  lease 
to  T.  A.  Colburn,  of  Denver,  is  being  un- 
watered,  with  two  pumps  going,  and  will 
be  actively  worked  again. 

San  Juan  District 
Tomboy — Returns  for  August:    Crushed 
10,000    tons,    yielding    bullion,    S38,500; 
concentrates  shipped,  $34,500;  e.xpenses, 
848,000;  profit,  $25,000. 


Indiana 

Knox  County 

.^s  soon  as  titles  are  obtained,  a  new 
coalfield  will  be  opened  and  several 
mines  will  be  in  operation  before  winter. 
The  lands  comprise  between  2000  and 
2500  acres  and  have  been  optioned  to 
J.  W.  Sherwood  &  Co.,  of  Terre  Haute. 

Hoosier  Mining  Company — This  com- 
pany, at  Vincennes,  has  been  incorporated 
to  mine  fluorspar,  lead  and  zinc.  The 
directors  are  J.  L.  Biddle,  G.  H.  Cramer 
and   W.   H.  Whitaker. 

Worth-Huskey  Coal  Company— This  Il- 
linois company  has  brought  suit  against 
the  Freeman  Coal  Company,  operating  at 
Bicknell,  to  compel  the  defendant  to  carry 
out  the  terms  of  a  contract  by  which  the 
Indiana  company  was  to  furnish  the  Il- 
linois company  with  its  entire  output,  and 
to  enjoin  the  Indiana  company  from  sell- 
ing to  any  other  company.  It  is  asserted 
that  the  contract  was  to  continue  until 
April,  1911,  but  that  Aug.  30  the  officers 
of  the  Indiana  company  demanded  a 
change  that  would  mean  an  increase  in 
price,  and  said  that  unless  this  was  ac- 
ceeded  to  the  mine  would  be  closed  to 
make  improvements.  It  is  contended  that 
these   improvements  are   not  necessary.. 

Sullivan  County 
Two  coal-mining  companies  of  Illinois 
were  admitted  to  Indiana  during  the  past 
week.  Both  will  do  business  in  Sullivan 
county.  The  Averill  Coal  Mining  Com- 
pany, of  Chicago,  capital  SI 25,000,  will 
invest  $25,000  in  lands  and  mines  with 
offices  in  Hymera;  Edward  G.  Lewis, 
State  agent  in  charge,  and  C.  A.  Beckett, 
president.  The  Worth-Huskey  Coal  Com- 
pany, of  Chicago,  will  invest  $20,000  in 
coal  mining.  The  company  has  offices  at 
820  State  Life  building,  Indianapolis; 
Thomas  C.  Evans  is  State  agent;  William 
P.  Worth,  of  Chicago,  president. 


Maine 

Jasper  Wyman.  of  Millbridge,  and 
others  have  secured  an  option  on  Katah- 
din  Iron  Works  properties  in  Piscataquis 
county,  at  $250,000  and  have  employed 
Chester  A.  Gilbert,  of  South  Bethlehem, 
Penn..  to  examine  the  ore  beds.  Should 
Mr.  Gilbert's  reports  warrant  it.  Senator 
Wyman  and  his  associates  propose  to  re- 
sume the  operations  that  were  abandoned 
25  years  ago.  The  ore  is  an  iron  sul- 
phide. 


Michigan 

Copper 

Victoria — The  company  conimues  de- 
veloping good  ground  at  the  bottom,  or 
22nd  level  of  its  shaft.  About  1600  ft. 
nf  drifting  has  been  done  at  this  point 
and  800  ft.  west  of  the  shaft  a  rise  has 
been  put  to  70  ft.  with  good  rock  through- 
out. The  new  shaft  east  of  this  is  down 
450  ft.,  where  a  plat  is  being  cut  for  the 
third  level.  Copper  ground  has  appeared 
from  time  to  time  and  a  drill  core  taken 
from  700  ft.  was  well  mineralized. 

Algomah — The  company  has  put  its 
steam  plant  into  commission  and  a  pump 
has  been  installed  to  take  care  of  the  wa- 
ter which  interfered  with  sinking.  The 
shaft  is  down  50  ft.  with  copper  ore 
throughout.  The  drill  sinking  to  deter- 
mine the  pitch  of  the  formation  is  down 
400  ft.,  but  has  not  encountered  anything. 

South  Lake — No.  5  drill  sinking  to  fur- 
ther determine  the  character  and  trend 
of  the  amygdaloid  formation  exposed  m 
Nos.  3  and  4  drill  holes  has  entered  the 
vein  after  passing  through  275  ft.  of  over- 
burden and  it  is  estimated  that  it  will  en- 
counter the  first  of  the  series  at  500  feet. 

Lake — This  company's  shaft  is  being 
sunk  close  to  the  eighth  level  and  at  the 
seventh  level  a  crosscut  is  being  driven 
to  cut  the  lode.  Openings  in  the  levels 
above  continue  showing  good  ground. 
Nine  drills  are  in  operation  at  the  present 
time  and  as  soon  as  the  enlarged  com- 
pressor capacity  is  ready,  a  more  aggres- 
sive policy  will  be  pursued. 

Clark—The  United  States  Smelting, 
Refining  and  Mining  Company  holds  the 
option  on  this  property,  near  Copper 
Harbor,  Keweenaw  county,  where  dia- 
mond drilling  was  started  a  short  time 
ago. 

Island  Copper  Company — Thomas  F. 
Cole  will  endeavor  to  open  up  the  copper 
property  on  Isle  Royale,  70  miles  north 
of  the  Michigan  peninsula  in  Lake  Su- 
perior. Mr.  Cole  and  his  assistants  came 
into  possession  of  this  property  several 
years  ago.  It  possesses  84,000  acres.  A 
portion  of  the  property,  in  which  there  is 
a  conglomerate  lode,  will  be  mapped  pre- 
paratory to  diamond  drilling. 


Minnesota 

Shipments  of  iron  ore  from  the  Cuyuna 
range  will  be  sent  forward  over  the  new 
Soo  line  this  fall.  The  initial  movement 
will  consist  of  50,000  tons  from  the 
Kennedy  mine  of  the  Rogers-Brown  com- 
pany. The  ore  will  come  to  Duluth  over 
the  new  Soo  line  and  will  be  taken  to 
Ashland  for  Lake  shipment.  As  soon 
as  the  Soo's  ore  docks  at  Superior  are 
completed,  the  ore  will  be  loaded  into 
holds  there.  Three  additional  mines  will 
go  on  the  shipping  list  next  year.  The 
prospective  producers  are  the  Armour, 
Interstate  and  Section  17,  operated  by  the 
Rogers-Brown  company.     The  shipments 


576 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


of  ore  next  year  are  estimated  at  1,000.- 
000  tons.  About  50,000  tons  of  ore  is 
on  the  dump  at  the  Kennedy  mine. 


Montana 
Butte  District 
East  Butte— The  plant  at  the  company's 
lime  quarry,  at  Lime  Spur.  Mont.,  was 
destroyed  by  fire  Aug.  31,  the  damage 
being  estimated  at  $10,000.  The  quarry 
has  been  furnishing  lime  for  the  smelter>^ 
and  since  there  is  a  considerable  supply 
of  lime  now  on  hand  no  immediate  incon- 
venience will  resuh. 

Fergus  County 
Barnes-Ki'ng— Work  on  the  property 
was  resumed  Sept.  5.  George  McGee 
has  resigned  as  superintendent  and  J.  L. 
Bright  will  be  in  charge  temporarily.  Ef- 
forts will  be  devoted  to  the  opening  of 
new  orebodies  with  enough  actual  mining 
to  pay  expenses.  About  25  men  will  be 
employed. 

Jefferson  County 
Boston  &  Alia— The  Butte   Machinery 
Company   has  brought   suit   against  this 
company    for  S2900    for  machinery,   and 
the  claims  have  been  attached. 
Madison  County 
Surveyors  and  miners  under  the  direc- 
tion of  W.   E.  Watson  have   recently   lo- 
cated 4000  acres  of  placer  claims  along 
what  is  believed  to  have  been  the  original 
channel  of  Alder  gulch.    The  theory  upon 
which   this  party   is   working   is  that   the 
deposits  of  gold  in  the  vicinity  of  Alder 
gulch  came  originally  from  the  bed  of  the 
old   creek.     An   eruption   is   supposed   to 
have  destroyed  the  formation  of  the  old 
creek  channel  and  covered  it  whh  a  lava 
capping.      A    mining    engineer    from    the 
placer  fields  of  Oroville.  Cal..  has  given 
his  opinion  that  the  formation  is  identical 
with    that    of    certain    California    placers 
which  have  produced  many  millions. 


new  elecirical  distributing  station,  the  as- 
say office  and  other  work  is  progressing 
more  slowly. 

Nevada-Eagle— The  first  shipment  of 
ore  has  just  been  hauled  to  the  Western 
Ore  Purchasing  Company.  This  ground, 
three  miles  west  of  any  other  producijig 
property,  has  been  under  development 
for  four  years  and  the  indications  are 
now    favorable. 


September  17,  1910. 
New  York 


Peru  Steel  Ore  Company — The  com- 
pany has  sold  hs  ore  lands  r)orth  of  Aus- 
able  river  to  Witherbee,  Sherman  and 
Company,  of  Port  Henry.  The  property 
will  be  operated. 


Nye  County 
Tonopah  ore  shipments  for  the  week 
ended  Sept.  4  are:  Tonopah,  3150  tons; 
Tonop?.h-Belmont.  1700;  Montana-Tona- 
pah  968;  Tonopah  Extension.  840;  Mac- 
Namara,  200;  West  End,  500;  Midway, 
50;  total,  7408  tons. 

Montana  -  Tonopah  —  Two  new  ore- 
bodies  have  been  encountered  on  the 
465-ft.  level,  one  east  of  the  shaft  and 
the  other  in  the  footwall  branch  of  the 
Triangle  vein,  west  of  the  shaft. 

Tonopah-Belmont—The  shaft  which  is 
now  widened  to  within  45  ft.  of  the  sur- 
face should  be  completed  and  equipped 
by  Oct.  15.  The  steel  gallows  frame  is 
under  way. 

TonopaA— Mill  report  for  the  week 
shows  97  out  of  100  stamps  dropping 
constantlv;  3470  tons  crushed;  average 
extraction,  93  per  cent.;  bullion  ship- 
ments, S78.000. 

Johnnie-The  present  800- ft.  shaft  will 
be  sunk  to  1200  ft.,  while  a  new  shaft, 
3000   ft.   south,   is  planned. 

Montgomerv-Shoshone—Tht  company 
is  said  to  be  operating  at  a  total  cost  of 
S3.80  per  ton,  this  amount  being  almost 
equally  divided  oetween  mining  and  mill- 
ing expense. 

White   Pine  County 
Cumberland-Ely— The     temporary     in 


Nevada 
Churchill  County 
Nevada-Wonder— A  contract  has  been 
closed  with  the  Mill  and  Smelter  En- 
gineering Company  of  New  York  for  a 
modern  100-ton  all-slime  cyanide  plant. 
The  ore  carries  gold  and  silver  in  quan- 
tity. 

Esmeralda  County 

Goldfield  /I  nncA— Lateral  work  has 
been  commenced  at  1025  ft.  One  cross- 
cut is  being  driven  southwesterly  in  an 
attempt  to  pick  up  one  of  the  rich 
shoots  of  the  Consolidated  Clermont 
workings  which   are  only  600  ft.  distant. 

Goldfield  Consolidated  —  Construction 
is  rapidly  being  completed.  The  new 
concrete  storehouse  at  the  mill  is  ready 
for  use  and  the  transformer  house  is 
nearing  completion.  Steel  is  arriving  for 
the  new  refinery  and  will  be  put  up  as 
rapidly   as   possible.     At   the   mines   the 


junction  issued  Aug.  26  by  Justice  H.  C. 
Peabody,  of  the  Maine  Supreme  Court, 
restraining  the  taking  ovir  of  the  Cum- 
berland-Ely Copper  Company  by  the  Ne- 
vada Conenliri^red  Copper  Company,  has 
been  vacated.  The  transfer  of  the  Cum- 
berland Eh-  property  to  the  Nevada  Con- 
solidated  is   In   progress. 

Nevada  Consolidated—The  company  is 
reported  to  be  getting  the  Ruth  mine  in 
shape  for  production,  so  that  a  per- 
centage  of  "warm"  ore  from  underground 
workings  will  be  available  during  the 
winter  when  the  cold,  wet  ore  from  the 
surface  workings  in  the  steam-shovel  pit 
is  apt  to  cause  trouble  and  delay  by 
freezing  in  the  ore  cars. 

Giroux— The  company  is  plannir.;;  lO 
start  the  crosscut  from  the  1200- ft.  level 
of  the  new  shaft  toward  the  Alpha  work- 
ings. Cement  foundations  for  the  pumps 
at  the  1200- ft.  station  are  being  put  in. 
Structural  steel  workers  are  expected 
daily  and  on  their  arrival  the  power  plant 
and  other  surface  buildings  will  go  up 
rapidly. 


Oregon 
Curry  County 
Idaho    Blacksand    Gold    Saving    Com- 
pany—The company  has  begun  the  con- 
struction of  its  mill  and  buildings  at  Gold 
Beach. 

Josephine  County 

Haldsworth  &  Co.  have  installed  a  suc- 
tion dredge  on  Rogue  river  in  the  Argo 
diggings.     This  is  an  experiment,  and  if 
it    proves    successful    a    number   of   ma- 
chines   will    be    put    in    operation.      The 
Rogue    River    Dredging   Company    is   al- 
so  installing   a   large   bucket   dredge   be- 
low    Galice     on     the     property     recently 
owned  by   Harry  Lewis,  on  Rogue  river. 
Almeda— The    new    machinery    at    this 
mine  is  installed,  and  with  the  comple- 
tion of  the  motor-truck  road  now  being 
built  from  Leland  to  the  mine,  this  prop- 
erty will  be  in  good  condition. 
Lane  County 
Lewis   Hartley   has  completed   the   in- 
stallation of  his  one-stamp  mill  in  Sailor's 
gulch,  in  Bohemia. 

West  Coal  Mines  Company— r>r.  Her- 
bert E.  Smith,  of  New  Haven,  Conn., 
after  having  made  an  inspection  of  the 
mining  properties  of  this  company  in  the 
Bohemia  district,  returned  East.  The  in- 
spection of  the  property  was  in  the  inter- 
est of  the  Wheeler  estate  and,  after  Dr. 
Smith's  report  on  the  conditions,  a  deci- 
sion will  be  arrived  at  as  to  what  will  be 
done  in  the  future. 

Mnyflou't-r— This  mine,  the  property  of 
the  Kelso  Mining  and  Milling  Company, 
is  making  a  good  showing.  During  the 
summer  large  quantities  of  ore  have  been 
put  onto  the  dump,  and  the  stamp  mill, 
which  has  been  shut  down  on  account 
of  the  low  water,  will  resume. 

Review— A  shoot  of  ore  200  ft.  in 
length  and  from  3  to  8  ft.  wide  was  re- 
cently discovered  at  this  claim.  The  Re- 
view adjoins  the  Grizzley. 

Blue  Bird— A  car  of  machinery  has 
been  taken  to  this  property.  In  the  con- 
signment was  a  stamp  battery  and  ore 
crusher.  Activity  is  shown  in  the  mines 
near  Blue  river. 


Pennsylvania 

Anthracite  Coal 
Philadclph'a  &  Reading  Coal  and  Iron 
'■■nmpanv— The  statement  for  July,  the 
firct  month  of  the  fiscal  year,  shows  gross 
Pamirgs,  Sl.499,664;  expenses,  ^l'^*".- 
MT,  deficit,  $208,210.  As  compared 
with  July,  1909.  there  was  a  decrease  ot 
SQ7  :!31  in  gross  earnings,  and  an  in- 
crease Of  '!;n3,971  in  the  deficit. 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL. 


577 


South  Dakota 

Hidden  Fortune — The  property  was  to 
have  been  sold  Sept.  1  for  taxes  aggre- 
gating some  S2~.000,  but  an  extension 
of  30  days  was  granted  by  the  court,  the 
receiver's  bill  of  about  S10,000  having 
been  settled. 

Golden  Crest — The  affairs  of  this 
company,  at  Galena,  have  been  aired  in 
the  courts  during  the  past  month.  The 
suit  of  the  Stearns-Rogers  Manufactur- 
ing Company  to  compel  payment  of 
S1250  balance  due  on  the  construction  of 
^  the  40-stamp  mill  was  decided  in  favor 
of  the  plaintiff.  F.  W.  Bird,  one  of  the 
largest  stockholders,  instituted  a  manda- 
mus proceedings  against  R.  Baillie,  presi- 
dent, to  compel  him  to  permit  an  examin- 
ation of  the  books,  and  an  order  was 
made  by  the  court  to  allow  such  inspec- 
tion. 

Homestake — The  tunnels  of  the  hy- 
droelectric project  in  Spearfish  caiion 
have  been  completed  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  hundred  feet.  The  work  of 
lining  the  ditches  and  tunnels  with  ce- 
ment remains  to  be  done.  The  Westing- 
house  company  has  secured  the  con- 
tract for  the  electrical  equipment,  which 
will  be  driven  by  Pelton  wheels  and 
which  is  expected  to  furnish  a  minimum 
of  -1500  horsepower. 


Tennessee 
Two  hundred  citizens  of  the  State  of 
Georgia  filed  a  bill  in  chancery  court  at 
Benton,  Polk  county,  against  the  Tennes- 
see Gopper  Gompany  seeking  to  enjoin 
the  company  from  operating  its  plant 
and  asking  for  damages  by  reason  of  the 
alleged  destruction  of  timber  and  crops 
by  smoke  and  fumes.  Ghancellor  Mc- 
Connell  issued  an  order  citing  the  de- 
fendant company  to  appear  the  first  Mon- 
day in  October. 


Utah 
Box  Elder  Gounty 
Salt  Lake  Copper — Repairs  on  the 
tramway  have  been  completed,  and  ship- 
ments of  iron  ore  to  the  United  States 
Smelting  and  Refining  Gompany  will  be 
resumed. 

Davis  Gounty 
Burro — This   property    in     Mill     Greek 
canon  east  of  Bountiful  has  shipped   its 
first  car.     Development  is  by  tunnel. 
Grand  Gounty 
Wilson  Mesa — Work  is  being  done  on 
this  placer  ground,  some  parts  of  which 
are   said    to    carry    SI. 23    per   cu.yd.      A 
"giant"    has   been    installed.      A    cleanup 
recently  is  reported  to  have  given  S1800. 
Iron  Gounty 

Gold  Springs — The  crosscut  on  the 
300-ft.  level  of  the  Jennie  mine  has  en- 
countered the  vein,  which  shows  a  width 
of  15  ft.  The  ore  carries  more  gold  than 
"n  the  upper  levels. 


Juab  Gounty 

North  Tintic-Iron  Blossom — This  com- 
pany has  filed  articles  of  incorporation. 
The  capital  is  SI 00.000  in  shares  of  10c. 
each.  The  holdings  consist  of  11  claims 
in  the  north  end  of  the  district.  James 
Morgan  Is  president. 

Provo — Work  will  be  started  shortly  on 
this  property  in  East  Tintic,  by  leasers. 
The  Eureka  Leasing  Gompany,  which  did 
some  work  here,  encountered  orr  bui  not 
in  paying  quantity. 

Black  Diamond — This  quartz  mine  be- 
tween Johnsville  and  Gibsonville  is  now 
being  worked  again  by  Eastern  capital 
under  supervision  of  W.  E.  Holdie,  presi- 
dent of  the  Crescent  Hill  company. 

Yankee  Consolidated — A  contract  for 
sinking  the  shaft  400  ft.  was  given  to 
Sam  Scott  and  Ralph  Kellogg.  Work  was 
started  Aug.  1.^,  from  a  depth  of  905  ft. 
While  this  work  is  being  done,  develop- 
ment will  be  carried  on  by  the  company 
on  the  300-ft.  level.  Six  sets  of  leasers 
are  operating  in  the  old  workings,  and 
making  wages,  or  better.  The  new  elec- 
tric hoist  is  running  smoothly. 

Daly-Judge — The  work  of  unwatering 
the  shaft  from  the  1500-  to  the  1600-ft. 
level  was  started  Aug.  14,  and  the  1600 
station  has  been  reached.  Work  of 
cleaning  the  station  and  mucking  out  the 
drift  has  been  under  way,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected that  the  ore  exposed  when  the 
miners  were  driven  out  by  water  several 
years  ago  will  soon  be  reached.  The  mill 
is  being  driven  with  the  new  electrical 
equipment. 

Chief  Consolidated — Excavating  for 
the  new  shaft  house  has  been  completed, 
and  foundations  forthehoistingmachinery 
are  being  laid.  The  structural  steel  is 
expected  shortly.  A  well  is  being  sunk 
on  property  obtained  from  the  Crusader 
group,  and  when  water  is  encountered  it 
will  be  pumped  to  the  mine. 

Black  Jack— A  contract  for  200  ft.  of 
drifting  on  the  1000-ft.  level  has  been 
given.  The  work  will  be  done  in  search 
of  ore  opened  in  the  Oponongo. 

Bullion  Beck — Development  on  the 
west  dip  deposit  continues  to  produce 
good  ore.  Two  cars  from  the  300- ,  400- 
and   500- ft.   levels  have  been  mined. 

Dragon  Iron — The  shaft  is  down  650 
ft.,  and  is  being  continued.  The  output 
is  from  20  to  30  cars  per  week. 

Victoria — The  capital  has  been  in- 
creased from  250,000  to  700,000  shares, 
of  which  present  stockholders  are  to  re- 
ceive two  shares  in  exchange  for  each 
share  of  original  stock.  There  will  be 
200,000  shares  held  in  the  treasury. 

Iron  B/ossom— Work  on  the  500- ft. 
level  of  the  No.  1,  or  South  shaft  has 
opened  the  gold-copper  orebody  for  sev- 
eral hundred  feet.  In  places  the  ore  is 
30  ft.  in  width.  Drifting  for  this  ore  is 
being  done  on  the  600  level. 


Crown  Point — Grading  for  the  new 
buildings  is  in  progress.  Work  will  be 
started  at  once  on  the  new  shaft  1300  ft. 
from  shaft  No.  2  of  the  Colorado  mine. 
A  road  has  been  built  to  the  property,  and 
a  pipe  line  will  be  run  from  the  Colorado 
to  furnish  air. 

Governor — Ore  in  the  Iron  Blossom  is 
nearing  this  company's  ground.  Devel- 
opment through  the  Black  Jack  workings 
has  been  stopped,  but  will  be  continueJ 
from  the  Iron  Blossom  side,  when  this 
company's  drifts  reach  the  Governor 
lines. 

Colorado — New  ore  is  being  opened  on 
the  300-ft.  level,  and  is  being  followed 
south  toward  Sioux  ground.  There  is 
still  considerable  undeveloped  territory  in 
this  neighborhood. 

King  William — This  property,  which 
adjoins  the  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell,  Centennial 
Eureka  and  Grand  Central,  has  been 
financed  by  G.  H.  Griffin,  Samuel  New- 
house  and  associates,  who  have  taken 
over  a  block  of  treasury  stock.  The 
ground  will  be  developed  from  the  1000- 
ft.  level  of  the  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell,  which 
has  been  extended  200  ft.  into  King  Wil- 
liam territory.  This  level  corresponds 
to  the  1900-ft.  level  of  the  King  William. 
New  air  pipe,  rails  and  ties  are  being  put 
in,  and  drifting  will  be  started.  Work 
will  also  be  done  from  the  500-ft.  level 
of  the  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell. 

Sioux  Consolidated — A  monthly  report, 
issued  Aug.  10,  shows  that  46  cars  were 
settled  for  during  July,  giving  returns  of 
525,527.  Twenty-eight  cars  shipped  up 
to  Aug.  10  netted  S21,520.  The  grade  has 
been  improving. 

Vulcan — A  lease  and  bond  has  been 
taken  on  this  property,  at  Fish  Springs,  by 
J.  P.  Nelson,  of  Salt  Lake  City.  The 
ground  adjoins  the  Utah  mine  and  is  on 
the  same  mineral  zone.  Supplies  have 
been  ordered,  and  work  of  cleaning  the 
workings  will  be  started  Oct.  1.  Silver- 
lead  ore  has  been  produced  above  th3 
200- ft.  level. 

Emma — This  property,  which  adjoins 
the  Vulcan,  has  been  taken  under  lease 
and  bond  by  E.  J.  McCupi>.  It  has  pro- 
duced silver-lead  ore.  Work  will  be 
started  soon. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Columbus  Extension— Six  feet  of  ore 
is  exposed  in  a  fissure  in  quartzitc  near 
the  face  of  the  4000-ft,  tunnel.  The 
limestone  contact  has  not  been  reached 
A  raise  has  been  driven  on  the  ore,  and 
preparations  for  shipping  are  being  made. 

South  Columbus^At  a  special  meeting, 
the  merger  with  the  Alta-Hecla  was 
agreed  to.  The  merger  will  be  known  ar- 
the  South  Hecla. 

Ohio  Copper — According  to  eastern  ad- 
vices, the  reported  sale  of  SI, 000,000 
worth  of  bonds  has  not  been  effected. 
The  bonds  are  understood  to  have  been 


578 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17.  1910. 


placed  with  foreign  bankers,  who  agree 
to  market  them,  but  do  not  guarantee  the 
sale. 

Yosemite — This  property  was  recently 
drained  by  a  drift  from  the  Mascot  tunnel. 
Work  will  be  started  from  the  inclined 
shaft,  which  has  reached  the  800-ft.  level. 
A  new  hoist  and  compressor  will  be  in- 
stalled. 

Columbus  Consolidated— The  ore  de- 
veloped on  the  400-ft.  level  has  been 
cut  on  the  300,  and  work  has  begun  in 
search  of  it  on  the  200.  Twenty  teams 
are  hauling  to  Murray. 

Tooele  County 
Bullion  Coalition — Shipments  from  the 
body  of  lead-silver  ore  on  the  600-ft.  lev- 
el are  reported  to  bring  around  S20  a  ton. 
The  Honerine  tunnel  is  being  continued, 
and  is  1700  ft.  vertically  below  the  sur- 
face  at  the    face. 

.  Cliff — About  70  tons  of  ore  daily  were 
mined  during  August.  The  lower  tunnel 
is  in  about  3000  ft.,  and  is  approaching 
the  ore  zone,  which  it  will  cut  at  l.SOO  ft. 
depth. 

Utah  County 

Mountain  Dell — Between  two  and  four 
feet  of  ore  has  been  opened  in  the 
west 'drift  on  the  300- ft.  level.  Ship- 
ments are  being  made. 

Mineral  Flat  Extension — On  account  of 
the  good  showing,  additional  men  are  be- 
ing added.  It  is  proposed  to  build  cabins, 
and  take  in  supplies. 

Sara — Progress  is  being  made  on  the 
tunnel  driven  from  American  Fork  caiioa 
to  cut  a  vein  showing  Jead  and  silver  on 
the  outcrop. 


Washington 

Tacoma  Smeltery — Extensive  improve- 
ments costing  about  S150,000  are  to  be 
added  to  this  plant. 

Ferry  County 

Chimaeum — Operations  on  this  prop- 
erty, owned  by  the  Michigan  Mining  Com- 
pany, are  being  pushed,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Herman  Camerer,  of  Rosalia.  The 
tunnel  is  in  about  320  ft.  The  company 
has  also  bought  the  Quin  claims. 

North  Star — New  machinery  will  be  in- 
stalled at  this  mine,  of  which  J.  E.  Pick- 
erel! is  manager. 

Copper  King — Work  has  been  started 
on  this  property  by  L.  Larson,  the  owner. 

New  Republic — The  cyanide  plant,  which 
will  have  a  capacity  of  100  tons  a  day.  is 
about  half  completed. 

Insurgent — Regular  shipments  are  be- 
ing made  and  work  on  sinking  the  shaft 
is  continuing. 

Knob  Hill  and  Mud  Lake — These  claims 
have  been  leased  to  Robert  Maboy,  J.  W. 
Floyd,  L.  W.  Anderson  and  others.  A 
corporation  will  be  formed,  and  develop- 
ment undertaken. 


Stevens   County 

Forest  fires  have  done  an  untold 
amount  of  damage  to  the  mines  in  this 
vicinity,  destroying  buildings  and  ma- 
chinery. 

Grouse  Creek  Copper — Work  is  being 
done  at  this  property  in  the  hope  of  find- 
ing the  vein  under  Grouse  creek.  The 
mine  is  owned  by  Montana  people. 

Canada 

British  Columbia 

Kootenay  Silver-Lead — The  recently 
organized  Kootenay  Silver-Lead  Mines. 
Ltd.,  has  commenced  work  at  the  High- 
land mine  and  concentrating  mill,  Ains- 
worth,  H.  Shell,  of  Denver,  is  manager, 
with  about  30  men  in  mine  and  mill.  Sil- 
ver-lead ore  and  concentrates  are  being 
shipped  to  the  Consolidated  smeltery  at 
Trail. 

Perry  Creek — This  hydraulic  company 
is  working  between  20  and  30  men  on  its 
placer  gold  claims  on  Perry  creek,  East 
Kootenay.  A  steam  shovel  is  used  to  lift 
gravel  into  the  sluices. 

Iron  Mask — Retimbering  and  straight- 
ening the  600-ft.  shaft  of  the  Iron  Mask 
mine,  Kamloops,  is  in  progress.  When 
this  is  completed  mining  will  be  resumed. 

Hosmer — Exploration  of  the  coal  meas- 
ures on  the  south  side  of  the  creek  has 
been  commenced.  Output  of  coal  from 
mines  off  main  tunnel  is  now  700  tons 
daily,  about  half  of  which  is  made  into 
coke  for  the  Trail  smeltery. 

Cliff — This  property  near  Rossland  is 
being  developed  under  the  supervision  of 
W.  Y.  Williams. 

Aurora — The  showing  at  this  mine  at 
Moyie  is  encouraging.  Excavation  has 
been  started  on  the  concentrator. 

Whitewater — The  work  of  getting  the 
plant  running  at  this  mine  has  been 
hindered  by  lack  of  railway  facilities,  the 
Great  Northern  having  lost  several 
bridges  in  the  forest  fires. 

Nickel  Plate — The  new  machinery  at 
this  mine  is  installed  and  will  soon  be 
running,  150  men  are  employed. 

Fife — It  is  reported  that  operations  at 
this  mine  at  Fife  will  be  increased.  The 
ore  is  gold-copper. 

Lucky  Jim — Work  has  been  started  on 
new  buildings  to  replace  the  ones  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  Work  will  be  continued 
on  No.  5  tunnel,  and  an  adit  to  be  called 
No.  6  will  be  started. 

Pueblo— The  first  shipment  of  4000 
tons  of  ore  has  been  made  from  this 
mine,  12  miles  from  White  Horse.  W.  D. 
Greenough  has  charge. 

Ontario 

Shipments  of  ore  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  Sept.  2  were:  Buffalo,  ,S9,- 
500  lb.;  Chambers-Ferland,  64,000;  Con- 
iagas,    10,3,880;    Crown   Reserve,   64,000; 


Hudson  Bay,  57,100;  Kerr  Lake,  181,075; 
McKinley-Darragh,  65,050;  Nipissing, 
379,390;  Right  of  Way,  57,600;  Temis- 
kaming.  141,000;  total,  1.172,635  pounds. 
Badger — Two  new  veins  have  been  dis- 
covered on  the  surface  in  the  Keewatin 
formation  at  this  Cobalt  mine.  During 
the  summer  6000  ft.  of  trenching  and 
stripping  has  been  done  with  promising 
results. 

Nova  Scotia — Very  rich  ore,  reported 
to  run  10,000  oz.  in  silver  to  the  ton,  is 
being  taken  out  of  the  vein  at  the  fifth 
level  of  this  Cobalt  property.  The  strip 
on  which  the  vein  is  located  is  claimed 
by  the  Peterson  Lake  Company,  and  the 
ownership  is  now  the  subject  of  litigation. 

Rochester — A  vein  showing  good  silver 
content  has  been  uncovered  on  the  sur- 
face of  a  property  adjoining  this  mine  at 
Cobalt,  about  100  ft.  from  the  Rochester 
shaft.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  vein  which 
disappeared  from  the  shaft  at  50  ft.  two 
years  ago.  Drifting  in  the  direction  of 
the  vein  will  be  started  at  once. 

Temiskaming — A  statement  for  the 
month  of  August  shows  the  product  from 
the  mine  171,968  oz.;  from  mill  80,000— 
total,  251,968  oz;  net  value,  S125,984— 
total  cost  of  operation,  $22,014,  leaving 
balance  of  5103,969. 

Gates — This  Gowganda  property  has 
taken  out  a  carload  of  rich  ore  by  team 
to  be  shipped  by  steamer  on  Elk  lake. 

Moose  Mountain — As  a  result  of  a  visit 
of  inspection  recently  made  to  this  iron 
property  by  Pres.  John  W.  Gates,  D.  D. 
Mann  and  others  interested,  the  directors 
have  authorized  the  expenditure  of  addi- 
tional capital  sufficient  to  increase  ihe 
output  of  concentrated  ore  from  the  pr-ss- 
ent  production  of  400  tons  daily  to  1000 
tons.  The  ore  finds  a  market  at  Cleve- 
land, Ohio. 

Mikado — This  mine,  in  the  Kenora  dis- 
trict. Western  Ontario,  has  beer 
unwatered  and  stoping  and  developmeni 
are  going  actively  forward  on  the  upper 
levels.  Some  rich  ore  and  a  large  body 
of  low-grade  occurs  on  the  I80-ft.  leve' 
and  it  is  estimated  that  there  is  enoilgh 
ore  of  milling  quality  to  keep  the  20-  i 
stamp  mill  running  for  two  years.  A 
gold  brick,  valued  at  SI 200,  has  been  pro- 
duced from  sweepings  of  dirt  encountered 
in  the  course  of  repairs  to  the  mill. 
Twenty-six   men   are   employed. 

Dome  Mines — A  party,  including  Am- 
brose Monell,  Capt.  J.  R.  DeLamar, 
Charles  L.  Dennison,  Captain  Lawson. 
Tom  Jones  and  W.  S.  Edwards,  are  mak- 
ing an  examination  of  the  Porcupine  dis- 
trict. They  are  members  of  the  syndi- 
cate that  purchased  from  Wilson  &  Ed- 
wards, the  Wilson-Dome  property  al 
Porcupine.  There  are  over  100  men  al 
work  on  the  Dome  mines.  A  compressor, 
two  diamond  drills  and  a  small  mill  are 
in  operation. 


I 


September  17,  I9I0. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


579 


Yukon  Territory 

Twenty  thousand  dollars  worth  of  gold 
dust  and  nuggets  was  landed  In  Dawson 
the  first  of  September  from  the  Upper 
Stewart  country. 

Canadian  Klondike — Construction  of 
the  No.  2  dredge  for  this  company  has 
started.  It  will  have  buckets  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  15  cu.ft.  each. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 
The  .tiina  Vieja  tramway,  at  Santa  Eu- 
lalia,  has  been  inoperative  since  Sept.  1, 
on  account  of  the  breaking  of  amaincable. 
As  a  result  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company's  Chihuahua  smeltery 
has  curtailed  operations,  as  the 
bulk  of  the  lime-fluxing  ore  came  from 
this  Santa  Eulalia  property.  The  tram- 
way is  expected  to  be  in  operation  about 
Sept.  20. 

Calera — This  zinc  mill,  at  San  Isidro, 
was  closed  down  indefinitely  Sept.  1.  The 
reason  given  is  the  disadvantages  of  mar- 
keting its  zinc  concentrates  on  account 
of  low  prices  and  the  tariff  on  its  impor- 
tation into  the   United  States. 

I  Gibraltar — The    company    is    installing 

an  aerial  tram  from  its  Naica  mine  to 
Concho  station.  On  its  completion  ore 
shipments  will  be  greatly  increased. 

Rosario — At  this  property  in  the  Guad- 
aloupe  y  Calvo  district,  operated  by  the 
West  Mexican  Mines  Company,  a  400-ton 
cyanide  plant  is  being  built.  There  is 
said  to  be  available  sufficient  S2  ore  for 
the  operation  of  the  plant  for  over  two 
years. 

DURANCO 

Lustre — The  Pittsburg  stockholders  are 
asked  to  participate  in  a  reorganizatio.n 
of  the  company. 

Guanajuato 

Oro  Grande — This  company  is  handling 
about  300  tons  daily  in  the  reduction 
plant  purchased  from  the  Guanajuato 
Amalgamated.  The  ore  is  from  the  Jesus 
Maria  mine,  one  of  the  Amalgamated 
properties,  and  from  the  dumps  at  the  old 
La  Luz  mines.  French  engineers  will 
soon  reach  Guanajuato  to  examine  the 
Oro  Grande  properties  for  French  capi- 
talists, who  are  considering  a  large  stock 
I     investment. 

I  Guanajuato  Reduction  and  Mines — The 
reduction  works  are  handling  from  20.000 
to  22,000  tons  monthly.  Mine  fillings,  as 
well  as  dump  ore,  are  being  treated.  A 
profit  more  than  sufficient  to  pay  the  bond 
interest  is  being  earned. 

San  Gregorio — The  railroad  connecting 
the  properties  with  Marfil  will  be  taken 
up  and  the  material  and  equipment  sold. 
The  benefits  fail  to  justify  the  cost  of  op- 
eration. The  San  Gregorio  property  is 
'  being  worked  on  a  limited  but  profitable 


scale  by  huscones.  It  is  controlled  by 
the  Dwight  Furness  interests,  and  the 
erection  of  a  20-stamp  mill  and  cyanide 
plant  is  planned.  San  Gregorio  ore,  tak- 
en out  a  few  years  ago,  averaged  800 
grams  silver  and   19     rams  gold  per  ton. 

Mineral  Develo"ment — A  station  has 
been  cut  at  600  m.  m  the  Neuva  Luz  shaft, 
and  work  is  in  progress  on  the  crosscut 
projected  to  open  the  "mother"  lode  of 
the  Guanajuato  district,  500  ft.  below 
the  deepest  present  working.  The  com- 
pany has  collected  a  subsidy  of  15,000 
pesos  from  the  Federal  government  for 
the  last  100  m.  of  the  shaft. 

Carmen— \  parallel  vein,  averaging  25 
ft.  in  width,  has  been  opened  in  this  prop- 
erty.    The  ore  is  of  good  milling  grade. 

Cuba  Mining  and  Milling— An  aerial 
tramway  is  now  delivering  ore  from  the 
Cubo  properties  to  the  Peregrina  mill. 
The  contract  calls  for  a  maximum  of  200 
tons  daily,  but  present  deliveries  do  not 
approach  that  tonnage. 

Guanajuato  Power  and  Electric—The 
transmission  line  to  San  Luis  Potosi  has 
been  completed  to  San  Felipe,  and  power 
will  be  furnished  the  Compania  Minera 
Providencia  San  Juan  de  la  Luz.  Current 
will  be  transmitted  to  San  Luis  Potosi 
before  the  end  of  1910.  The  Towne 
smeltery  there  has  contracted  for  power. 

Jalisco 

Rspada — This  company,  formerly 
known  as  the  Vick  Mining  and  Milling 
Company,  has  made  arrangements  to  mill 
at  the  Virginia  &  Mexico  plant  in  the 
Hostotipaquillo  district.  An  aerial  tram- 
way will  be  built  and  deliveries  started 
about  March,  1911.  The  company  owns 
the  old  Espada,  Deseada  and  San  Jose 
mines  and  adjoining  virgin  ground. 

Virginia  &  Mexico — The  reduction 
plant  is  idle,  pending  mine  developments. 
A  satisfactory  extraction  is  difficult  with 
the  manganese  ores  now  available.  The 
affairs  of  the  company  are  being  reorgan- 
ized   by   the    men    principally    interested. 

Magistral-Ameca — The  Elmore  flotation 
process  has  not  yet  proven  the  success 
that  was  anticipated.  Additional  Wilfley 
slime  tables  have  been  ordered.  The 
plant  is  running  at  about  half  capacity. 

Cinco  Minas — The  new  company  has 
encountered  several  rich  stringers  of  ore 
leading  from  the  old  San  Nicolas  bonanza 
which  has  given  high  assays,  specimens 
running  as  high  as  60  per  cent,  silver,  but 
the  general  average  is  about  8  kg.  These 
stringers  have  been  as  wide  as  6  ft.  and 
yield  three  30-ton  cars  per  month.  They 
might  be  called  smnll  bonanzas  as  there 
has  been  taken  about  ten  tons  of  50-kg. 
ore  from  one  of  them.  H.  E.  Crawford 
is  man-'ger. 

Hidalgo 

La  Union — This  hacienda  has  resumed 
after  a  stoppage  caused  by  lack  of  power. 


The   capacity   of  the   plant   has  been   in- 
creased to  200  tons  daily. 

Mexico 
Mexico  Mines — Returns  for  August  are: 
Crushed  11,369  tons,  yielding  bullion, 
SI 30,460;  working  expenses,  $42,670;  ex- 
penditure on  development,  $10,400;  profit, 
$77,390. 

El  Oro — Returns  for  August:  Crushed 
30.870  tons  (mill  No.  2),  yielding  bullion, 
5205.820;  working  expenses,  $91,330; 
expenditure  on  development,  $23,000; 
profit,  $91,490;  profit  on  railway,  $4000. 

SONORA 

Grecne-Cananea — Following  the  policy 
of  curtailment,  the  company  has  reduced 
its  production  b\-  1,000,000  lb.  per  month. 
It  has  discontinued  much  development 
and  has  blown  out  two  of  its  battery  of 
furnaces,  so  that  at  the  present  time 
it  is  producing  only  50  tons  of  blister 
copper   per   month. 

Zacatecas 
Zacatccas  Mining  and  Metallurgical 
Company — The  cyanide  plant  is  nearing 
completion  and  will  be  ready  for  opera- 
tion within  60  days.  The  company  owns 
the  San  Cristobal  and  Zacatecas  gold 
groups,  and  a  30-stamp  mill,  in  connec- 
tion with  which  there  is  amalgamating 
and  concentrating  equipment. 

Afr  ca 

Rhodesia 

Gold  output  in  July  was  46,367  oz.,  be- 
ing 4649  oz.  less  than  in  June.  For  the 
seven  months  ended  July  31  the  total  was 
353,957  oz.  in  1909,  and  363,672  oz.,  or 
$7,510,900  in  1910;  an  increase  of  9715 
oz.  The  production  of  other  metals  for 
the  seven  months  included  133,738  oz. 
silver,  37  tons  copper  and  444  tons  lead. 
The  chrome  ore  reported  is  27,455  tons; 
asbestos.  151  tons.  Coal  production  was 
94,235  tons  in  1909.  and  101,308  in  1910; 
an  increase  of  7073  tons. 
West  Africa 

Gold  production  in  Ashanti  and  the  gold 
coast  in  July  was  15,564  oz.,  or  1630  oz. 
less  than  in  June.  For  the  seven  months 
ended  July  31  the  total  was  148,672  oz. 
bullion  in  1909,  and  177,671  oz.  in  1910, 
a  decrease  of  31,000  oz.  The  bullion  re- 
ported this  year  was  equal  to  $2,316,946, 
or  112,072  oz.  fine  gold. 

Asia 
Korea 

Oriental— The  August  cleanup  was 
$126,400. 


New  Zealand 
Gold  output  in  August  is  reported  at 
43,873  oz.  bullion,  an  increase  of  4220  oz. 
over  August,  1909.  The  bullion  reported 
this  year  was  equal  to  $832,750  or  40,283 
oz.  fine  gold.  The  silver  output  for  the 
month  was  202,620  oz.,  an  increase  of 
95,718  oz.  over  last  year. 


580 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17.  1910. 


THE  MARKETS 


^        x^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal    and 
Stocks,  Couditions   and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 

New  fork,  Sept.  14 — In  the  East  the 
coal  trade  is  showing  more  activity  and 
advancing  prices,  and  matters  are  looking 
better  than  for  two  or  three  months  past. 

In  the  West  interest  continues  to  cen- 
ter on  the  various  wage  settlements,  notes 
on  which  are  given  below. 

The  trade  situation  in  the  West  is 
really  a  serious  one.  even  now  that  most 
of  the  mines  are  at  work.  Current  pro- 
duction has  been  barely  sufficient  for 
daily  needs,  arid  there  are  practically 
none  of  the  winter  stocks  laid  in  yet. 
Usually  at  this  time  of  year  large  users 
of  coal  have  at  least  part  of  their  stock 
in  their  sheds,  but  this  year  they  are 
empty.  There  is  a  heavy  deficit  in  sup- 
ply to  be  made  up,  and  it  will  be  hard  to 
do  this  before  winter  begins  to  interfere 
with  transportation.  Even  with  some  im- 
portant districts  idle,  there  have  been 
some  complaints  of  car  shortage;  and 
these  are  sure  to  be  increased  as  produc- 
tion grows  larger.  The  coming  three 
months  are  going  to  give  coal  miners  and 
distributers  plenty  of  trouble. 

Strike  Conditions — Notable  progress 
has  been  made  in  the  settlement  of  the 
various  strikes.  In  the  Southwest  the  op- 
erators have  ratified  the  compromise 
agreement.  The  miners  hold  their  con- 
vention tomorrow — Sept.  15 — and  there 
seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  they  will  ratify 
also. 

In  Wyoming  a  new  contract  has  been 
completed  and  will  be  ratified  in  a  few- 
days. 

The  main  point  is  the  Illinois  settle- 
ment, which  accepts  the  general  increase 
of  3c.  for  the  State,  with  5c.  for  the 
Franklin-Williamson  district;  and  5.55 
per  cent,  on  day  wages.  There  are  some 
concessions  to  the  operators,  including 
a  limitation  of  shot-firing  cost.  An  ex- 
tended statement  will  be  found  on  another 
page. 

The  unsettled  strikes  are  now  in  Colo- 
rado and  in  the  Irwin  district  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Coal  tonnage  originating  on  the  lines 
of  the  Southern  railway,  six  months 
erded  June  30:  Tennessee  district,  608,- 
714;  Alabama  district,  1,513,320;  total, 
2.1.?.?,034  short  tons,  an  increase  of  364,- 
581   tons  over  last  year. 

Anthracite  shipments  by  Lake  from 
B-ffalo,  season  to  Sept.  1,  were  1.840.605 
tons  in  1909,  and  2,392,080  in  1910;  an 
inciease  of  551,475  tons. 


Shipments  over  the  Virginian  railway 
in  West  Virginia  in  July  were  105,589 
tons  of  coal  and  3462  tons  coke. 

Coal  receipts  at  Boston,  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31,  reported  by  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  in  long  tons: 


Anttiracite. 

Bituminous 


Total  domestic. 
Foroij.'!! 


1909.  1910.       Changes. 

l.lo:i,.-)18    1,1.W,'.I44     I.    »■>.¥>(• 
■2.:).l3,(i62     3,7;G,(;d.t      I.  42S/.193 


,S,i07,lS0    3,8ts,.-,;)9      I.  481,419 
li;7,4ij4        199,7li4      I.    ;ti,:ilO 


Total :i,674,C.:i4    4,(I88,3(;3      1.513,729 

The  foreign  coal  is  almost  all  from 
Nova  Scotia  mines. 

Coal  passing  through  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
canal,  season  to  Sept.  1,  short  tons: 


Antlli-aclte 

Bituminous 


798,54.'! 
4,802,168 


1910.  Changes. 

1,060,259    I.       261,7U 
7.297,788      I.  2.495,620 


Total 5,1)00,713      8,358,047      1.2.757,334 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  49.2 
per  cent. 

Anthracite  shipments  in  August  were 
4,996,044  long  tons,  being  793.985  tons 
more  than  in  July,  and  797,771  tons  more 
than  in  August,  1909.  For  the  eight 
months  ended  Aug.  31  the  shipments 
were,  in  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.  Changes. 

Rearling 7.561,471  7,869,543  I.  308,072 

Lehigh  Valley.  0,11.14,651  7,418,876  I.  764,325 

N.  J.  Central 5,071.927  5,477,069  I.  405,142 

Lackawanna 6.210,121  6,365,422  I.  145,301 

Del.  ,>t  Hudson....  4,205,400  4,208,930  I.  3.530 

Pennsylvania....  3,719,715  3,911,062  I.  191.337 

Erie 4,929,027  4,943,323  I,  13,696 

N.  Y.,  Ont.  &  West.  1,817,956  1,828,636  I.  10.680 


Total 40.170,768    42,012,861      I.  1,842.083 

All  the  companies  showed  increases, 
the  Lehigh  Valley  having  the  largest  gain 
and  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey 
the  next.  The  total  gain  this  year  was 
4.6  per  cent. 


New  York 

Sept.  14 — Demand  is  showing  up 
pretty  well,  both  for  prepared  and  steam 
sizes.  Some  of  the  collieries  are  having 
trouble  on  account  of  short  water  supply. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  broken  and  S5  for  egg.  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
$2.95fr/3.25;  buckwheat,  S2.15r'-/ 2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  S1.65f;r2;  b,Tr- 
ley.  SI  35(5/  L.SO;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 

BiTI'MINOUS 

Business  is  looking  better  than  for 
some  time.  Sales  increase  rather  slowly, 
but  there  is  a  better  feeling  and  more 
disposition  to  fake  coal.  Prices  are  im- 
proving, pas  coal  selling  at  prices  which 
realize  S!fM,05  at  mines  for  run-of- 
mine    and    65^0  70c.    for    slack.      Good 


steam  coals  bring  10  or  20c.  more  than 
they  did  two  weeks  ago — S2.50f<(3,  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Transportation  is  generally  good,  but 
there  is  complaint  about  car  supply  on 
some  lines.  At  a  number  of  collieries  in 
central  Pennsylvania  the  operations  have 
have  been  hindered  by  short  water  sup- 
ply, resulting  from  the  long  drought.  The 
same  cause  has  produced  some  trouble 
on  the  railroads. 

In  the  coastwise  market  vessels  are 
plenty  and  rates  low.  For  large  vessels 
from  Philadelphia  quotations  are:  Bos- 
ton, Salem  and  Portland,  55c.;  Ports- 
mouth, 60c.;  Lynn,  Newburyport  and 
Bath,  65c.;  Bangor,  75c.;  Gardner,  85c. 
From  New  York  harbor  small  boats  get 
50''(55c.  to  Boston  and  Portland;  30@ 
40c.  to  Providence  and  the  Sound. 

Birmingham 

Sept.  12 — The  demand  for  coal  in  Ala- 
bama warrants  a  full  operation  of  all 
mines.  The  production  of  coal  is  larger 
at  present  than  it  has  ever  been  before. 
Additional  orders  are  coming  in  and  car 
shortage  is  being  felt  in  more  than 
one  direction.  Better  prices  are  being  ob- 
tained. While  reports  come  that  labor 
troubles  in  other  sections  are  being  set- 
tled, there  is  still  a  demand  for  Alabama 
coal  coming  in  from  some  of  the  large 
railroad  systems.  The  tonnage  being 
handled  to  Mobile,  New  Orleans,  Pensa- 
cola  and  other  southern  ports  is  large. 
There  is  a  better  demand  for  coke,  and 
production  is  being  increased. 


Chicago 
Sept.  12 — The  buying  of  Indiana  bitu- 
minous coal  for  storage  piles  of  steam- 
making  plants  has  eased  somewhat  with 
newspaper  announcements  of  the  end  of 
the  labor  dispute  in  Illinois  and  the  gen- 
eral expectation  that  supplies  from  the 
mines  of  this  State  will  soon  be  obtain- 
able. Current  needs,  however,  are  large 
and  the  demand  for  domestic  sales  is  set- 
ting in  from  both  city  and  country  re- 
tailers. Eastern  coals  are  in  better  de- 
mand, generally,  and  no  oversupply  exi.sts 
of  any  kind  of  coal.  Steam  coals  quite 
generally  are  being  sold  in  small  lots,  for 
quick  delivery,  in  view  of  the  expecta- 
tion of  supplies  from  Illinois.  Indiana 
coals  bring  S2.50f,?2.65  for  lump,  S2.30r((' 
2.50  for  run-of-mine  and  S2.30ffr2.40  for 
screenings,  the  strong  demand  for  the 
last-named  size  continuing  unchecked. 
Smokeless  is  in  large  and  steady  demand 
at  S3.,30  for  run-of-mine  and  S3.80  for 
lump,  the  September  increases    in    price 


September  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


581 


having  lessened  the  demand  only  slightly 
if  at  all.  Hocking  is  in  strong  demand 
at  S3.25.  Youghiogheny  is  selling  well  at 
S3.22  for  -Vi-in.,  and  Pittsburg  No.  8  of 
the  same  size  at  S2.80. 

The  anthracite  market  lags,  indicating 
a  heavy  rush  when  the  demand  caused 
by  cold  weather  sets  in. 

Cleveland 

Sept.  12 — Trade  is  active,  both  for 
steam  and  domestic  coals.  Cars  are  be- 
ginning to  be  scarce  and  coal  is  not  com- 
ing in  as  fast  as  it  is  wanted,  so  that 
most  dealers  are  behind  on  orders. 

Middle  district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland, 
isS2.15  for  I't-in.,  SI. 90  for  .)i-in.,  SI. 80 
for  run-of-mine  and  Si.(>5C(i  1.75  for 
slack.  No.  8  and  Cambridge  districts, 
about  5c.  higher.  Pocahontas  is  scarce, 
owing  to  slow  arrivals,  and  brings  S3.25 
for  lump  and  $2.60  for  run-of-mine,  f.o.b. 
Cleveland. 

Indianapolis 

Sept.  12 — Indiana  mines  are  running 
full  capacity  and  still  unable  to  keep  up 
with  orders.  Local  dealers  say  they  ore 
having  trouble  in  getting  coal.  However, 
the  operators  deny  that  there  is  a  short- 
age of  steam  coal  at  Indiana  manufactur- 
ing points,  asserting  that  the  manufac- 
turers, almost  without  exception,  have 
yearly  contracts  that  must  be  lived  up  to. 
The  shortage  in  domestic  coal,  they  say, 
is  caused  by  the  effort  to  get  out  steam 
coal.  The  report  for  August  showed 
more  than  17,000  men  steadily  at  work 
in  the  bituminous  mines  in  the  State, 
which  is  2000  more  than  were  ever  before 
employed  .it  one  time.  This  total  does 
not  include  the  block  coalfield  of  Clav 
county.  About  1000  miners  from  Illinois 
are  now  working  in  the  Indiana  mines. 

The  entire  week  of  Sept.  12-17  will 
be  given  to  mine  rescue  lectures  and 
demonstrations  that  will  be  given  by  the 
Urbana  111.,  rescue  experts  at  all  the 
mining  centers  of  this  State.  James  Ep- 
person. State  mine  inspector,  will  accom- 
pany the  experts  on  their  lecturing  tour. 

Pittsburg 

Sept.  13 — The  settlement  of  the  Illinois 
strike  is  held  not  to  affect  the  local  mar- 
ket materially.  The  Westmoreland  county 
strike  continues  to  drag  along.  Demand 
for  coal  from  the  Pittsburg  district  tias 
i'nprnved,  particularly  for  the  Lake  trade, 
and  there  is  somewhat  of  a  rush  to  get 
coal  through.  However,  this  is  probably 
partly  due  to  the  expectation  that  ore 
shipments  will  come  to  an  early  close, 
and  it  is  necessary  to  get  the  coal  move- 
ment over  sooner  than  usual.  There  is 
-s  free  coal  than  there  was,  and  prices 
i\e  firmed  up  further,  so  that  the  ex- 
tne  cutting  is  probably  not  more  than 
-  c.  under  the  circular  prices.  We  con- 
tinue to  quote:  Mine-run  and  nut,  SI. 20 
(■'1.22":;    .'<;-!nch.,    Sl.SO'iT  1.32'^. ;    do- 


mestic l'.i-in.  lump,  S1.45@I.47K';  slack, 
75C'(82'  jc.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke — The  market  has 
been  entirely  bare  of  features,  sales  be- 
ing of  negligible  amount,  while  offer- 
ings are  light  and  prices  nominally  un- 
changed. Shipments  are  fully  as  good 
as  they  were  in  August,  and  there  are 
few  requests  for  suspensions,  such  re- 
quests being  a  feature  early  in  August. 
We  continue  to  quote  standard  grades  of 
Connellsville  coke  per  net  ton:  Prompt 
furnace,  $1.60f/  1.65;  contract  furnace 
(nominal)  SI.75(?/ 1.85;  prompt  foundry, 
S2.10r(,  2.25;  contract  foundry,  S2.25'i( 
2.50  all  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  week  ending  Sept.  3  at  342,775  tons, 
a  decrease  of  19,000  tons,  and  shipments 
at  3750  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5420  cars  to 
points  west  and  882  cars  to  points  east, 
a  total  of  10,052  cars. 


Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 


St.  Louis 

Sept.  12 — The  event  of  the  week  in  the 
coal  trade  has  been  the  signing  up  of  the 
Carterville  and  Springfield  district  to  go 
to  work.  It  will  take  several  weeks  be- 
fore any  tonnage  of  any  importance  'S 
produced  in  the  Carterville  district.  The 
mines  in  that  district  are  in  bad  shape 
owing  to  the  engineers'  strike.  The  of- 
fice force  and  owners  of  the  mines  have 
had  to  fire  their  boilers  and  run  the 
pumps  for  the  last  three  months.  They 
found  it  exceedingly  hard  to  do  this, 
much  less  to  get  ahead  with  any  repair 
work.  None  of  the  mines  have  in  any  of 
the  new  safety  appliances  required  by 
law  and  it  will  take  some  time  to  install 
these. 

Nearly  all  of  the  companies  report  that 
they  are  all  sold  up  for  the  first  two 
weeks'  run.  There  are  a  few  companies 
which  refuse  to  sell  anything  ahead  as 
they  hope  to  receive  a  premium  on  spot 
coal  when  they  have  it,  which  they  no 
doubt  will.  When  the  miners  and  oper- 
ators were  in  session  the  market  was  a 
little  slow  awaiting  the  decision;  how- 
ever, since  the  announcement  was  made 
that  work  would  be  resumed  the  market 
has  improved.  This  seems  to  be  a  rather 
singular  fact  yet  buyers  realize  that  there 
would  not  be  sufficient  tonnage  produced 
to  have  any  effect  on  the  market  and  the 
demand  seems  to  be  very  much  better  all 
around.  There  is  no  doubt  but  what  the 
market  will  maintain  itself  for  the  next 
60  days,  in  fact  a  brisk  market  is  an- 
ticipated for  the  entire  winter. 

Dealer  trade  is  very  good  and  since  the 
announcement  that  Carterville  settled  up 
floods  of  inquiries  and  orders  have  been 
received. 

Anthracite — The  market  is  in  good 
shape.  Both  the  supply  and  demand  are 
good  and  a  large  tonnage  is  moving.  Rail- 
roads seem  to  be  giving  prompt  service. 
Demand  is  evenly  balanced  and  prices 
are  being   maintained. 


2-in.  Iiiiiip 

\liiu'-run                             ... 

1.85 
1.65 
1 .  10 

1.37 
1. 17 

1.62 

Trenton;' 

0-in.  hinip  and  egg 

:i-iii.  nut 

2.50 
2.00. 

3.02 
2.52 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  hiiiip 

I'-in.  mil 

2.25 
2.00 
1.70 
1.20 

2.77 
2.52 
2.22 

Sf-n-cninKs 

1.72 

CartervilU': 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 

:i-iii.  nut 

2.00 

1 .  "o 

.         1 .  50 

1.30 

2.67 
2  42 

.Mine-run 

2    17 

1.97 

Pocaliontas  and  New  Hivcr: 

Lump  or  egg 

.Mine-run 

1.90 
1.25 

4.40 
3.75 

Pennsylvania  .Vnthi-acite: 

Nut,  stove  or  egg 

Grate 

6.95 
6.70 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 

Gas  house 

Smithing ... 

5.40 
4  .  90 
4.15 

East  St.  Louis  prices  on  soft  coal  are 
20c.  less  than  the  St.  Louis  quotations. 


Sept. 


San  Francisco 

7 — An    unusual    incident   in   the 


coal  trade  is  the  arrival  of  a  steamer 
here  with  a  cargo  of  coal  from  Ching- 
wangtao,  China.  This  is  a  trial  ship- 
ment, and  is  to  followed  by  others  if  the 
experiment  is  successful. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE  ^ 


British  Coal  Trade — Exports  of  fuel 
from  Great  Britain,  with  coal  sent  abroad 
for  use  of  steamships  in  foreign  trade, 
seven  months  ended  July  31.  long  tons: 


Coal 

Colte 

BrliiuetB. 


r.iu'.i.  lyio. 

39.l»ll,ll)n    35,281,78' 
OI'.i,'j:w 
858,171 


Changes 

D.     798,403 

478,918     D.     14U.:«6 

01U.994      I.       32,823 


Total  exports...  37,u.j7,.W5    3ti,l!71,l)99    D.     885,896 
Steamer  coal 11,288,941     11,016,091    D.     272,250 


Total 4S.84i;,53«    47,(i8«,390    D.  1,158,140 

Imports  of  coal  were  only  2358  tons  in 
1909,  and  21,921  this  year. 

Belgian  Coal  Trade — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  fuel  in  Belgium,  half-year  ended 
June  30,  tnetric  tons: 

Imports.  Exports.         Excess. 

3,025,509  2,318,0.'i0     Imp.       707,459 

209,043  51fi,755     Exp.       257,712 

128,185  258,772     Bxp.       1:10,587 


Coal 

Coke 

Briquets.. 

T.Ual 3,412,737     3,093.577     Imp.       319,li;o 

Total,  1909....    3,()10,:tlll>    3,225,989     Exp.       213,083 

Imports  are  chiefly  from  Germany  and 
Great  Britain;  exports  to  France  and 
Holland. 

Welsh  Coat  Prices  —  Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
en  Sept.  3:  Best  Welsh  steam,  S3.96; 
seconds,  $3.78;  thirds,  S3.60;  dry  coals, 
$3.60;  best  Monmouthshire,  S3.54;  sec- 
onds, S3. 42;  best  steam  smalls,  ,S2.04; 
seconds,  SI. 80.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2'<  per  cent,  discount. 


582 


fHE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


JSL  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW   S 


New  York,  Sept.  14 — While  no  im- 
portant change  has  taken  place  in  the 
iron  and  steel  markets,  the  better  tone 
is  still  observed.  New  business  has  been 
moderate  but  steady.  The  Steel  Corpora- 
tion statement  for  Sept.  1  shows  a  de- 
crease in  orders  on  the  books,  but  there 
are  good  reasons  for  this,  as  noted  on 
another  page. 

Pig-iron  orders  continue  to  come  in, 
but  do  not  run  beyond  the  present  year. 
Makers  are  not  inclined  to  take  contracts 
for  1911  business  at  present  prices,  and 
buyers  will  not  pay  more,  believing  that 
there  is  no  reason  to  do  so.  One  cause 
for  this  feeling  is  found  in  the  unused 
and  unsold  stocks.  A  estimate  on  good 
authority  gives  these  at  1,900,000  tons, 
of  which  400,000  tons  are  held  by  the 
steel  companies  and  1,500,000  by  mer- 
chant furnaces;  about  600,000  tons  of 
the  latter  being  in  the  South.  Until  these 
are  worked  off,  higher  prices  do  not  look 
reasonable. 

In  finished  material,  jobbers'  orders  for 
wire  and  wire  products  are  good.  Many 
small  orders  for  structural  steel  con- 
tinue to  be  a  feature  of  the  market,  and 
make  up  a  good  aggregate.  A  large  order 
is  noted  for  steel  pipe  for  an  Oklahoma 
oil-pipe  line.  Railroad  orders  have  been 
confined  to  some  bridge  work.  There  is 
quite  a  falling  off  in  some  classes  of 
sheets  which  are  used  in  automobile 
manufacture.  On  the  whole  the  improve- 
ments are  greater  than   the   losses. 

Pig  Iron  Production — The  returns  of 
the  blast  furnaces  on  Sept.  1.  as  collected 
by  the  Iron  Age,  show  on  that  date  243 
coke  and  anthracite  furnaces  in  blast, 
having  a  total  daily  capacity  of  66,500 
tons;  a  decrease  of  1900  tons  from  Aug. 
1.  Making  allowance  for  the  charcoal 
furnaces,  the  total  production  of  pig  iron 
in  August  was  2,106,000  tons.  The  total 
for  the  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31  was 
19.295,100  tons. 

Steel  Corporation  Orders — Unfilled 
orders  on  the  books  of  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation  on  Sept.  1  were  3,537,- 
128  tons;  which  compares  with  3,970,931 
tons  on  .Aug.  1  and  4,257,794  tons  on  July 
i.  Previous  to  July  unfilled  order?  were 
only  reported  quarterly. 

Baltimore 

Sept.  12 — Imports  for  the  week  includ- 
ed 483  tons  manganese  ore  from  Rotter- 
dam;  21,800   tons   iron   ore    from   Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Sept.  12 — Steady  selling  of  iron  in 
small  lots,  with  several  sales  of  larger 
proportions,  a  fair  reduction  of  stocks 
on  hand  and  some  lively  inquiry  give  the 
pig-iron  market  in  Southern  territory  a 
better  aspect.  The  sales  already  made 
in  September  aggregate  well  and  there  is 


a  constant  reduction  of  the  iron  on  hand. 
The  quotations  are  Sllro  11.50  per  ton 
for  No.  2  foundry,  though  the  furnace 
companies  say  nothing  of  iron  under 
SI  1.50  per  ton.  Some  large  interests  are 
said  to  have  purchased  6000  tons  of  low- 
grade  iron  in  a  block  this  month  at  Sll. 
Furnace  companies  in  this  territory  are 
not  anxious  to  make  bookings  for  next 
year's  delivery.  It  is  estimated  that  at 
the  rate  of  reduction  during  the  past  four 
weeks  there  should  not  be  much  more 
than  100,000  tons  of  pig  iron  on  the  yards 
in   Alabama. 

Chicago 

Sept.  12 — Actual  sales  of  pig  iron  were 
disappointing,  in  the  last  week,  to  the  op- 
timists concerned  in  the  local  iron  market, 
but  the  number  of  inquiries  continues 
large,  showing  that  many  concerns  having 
need  of  large  tonnage  for  last-quarter 
and  first-quarter  business  are  watching 
the  market  closely  and  preparing  to  jump 
into  the  rising  tide  as  soon  as  it  shall 
clearly  appear  to  be  moving.  That  it 
will  move  soon  is  the  confidently  ex- 
pressed belief  of  leading  men  in  the  sell- 
ing ranks.  Meanwhile,  the  prices  of  iron 
for  actual  deliveries  remain  as  last  week 
sural  1.50  Birmingham,  or  SI5.35r,( 
15.85  Chicago  for  Southern  No.  2,  and 
Sie.SOfif  17  for  Northern  No.  2,  with 
Lake  Superior  charcoal  iron  at  S18.50''( 
19.  The  total  volume  of  business  now  be- 
ing done  constantly  is  larger  than  the 
average  individual  sale  of  a  carload  to 
GOO  or  700  tons  might  seem  to  indicate, 
for  the  number  of  these  small  sales  is 
large. 

Among  both  buyers  and  sellers  of  pig 
iron  the  feeling  seems  to  exist  that  the 
market  cannot  show  depression  in  the 
near  future,  considering  the  reduced  out- 
put and  the  continued  large  needs  of  the 
Chicago  district.  Furnace  interests  in 
general  are  holding  out  for  higher  prices 
on  1911  business  than  melters  will  pay 
and  so  the  business  done  is  almost  wholly 
in  last-quarter  deliveries. 

The  market  for  iron  and  steel  products 
is  becoming  more  active  generally,  struc- 
tural materials  showing  a  considerably  in- 
creased demand. 

Coke  is  steady  and  in  good  supply  at 
S4.85  for  the  best  Connellsville. 


Cleveland 

Iron  Ore — After  all  the  talk  of  slow 
shipments  the  total  movement  of  ore  in 
.^ugust  was  nearly  up  to  that  in  July, 
and  the  season  shows  a  total  increase  of 
6.240.000  tons. 

Pig  Iron — Some  good  inquiries  are 
about  for  foundry  and  basic.  Business 
looks  more  promising.  The  number  of 
small  orders  for  short  deliveries  is  in- 
creasing. Quotations  remain  SI 5.90  for 
bessemer;  $14.50';(  14.75  for  No.  2 
foundry;   $14   for   forge;    all    Cleveland 


delivery.    About  $18.50  is  asked  for  Lake 
Superior  charcoal   iron. 

Finished  Materials — Three  or  four  good 
contracts  have  been  placed  for  structural 
steel.  Prices  are  steadier,  except  for 
plates,    which    are    rather   irregular. 

Philadelphia 

Sept.  14 — Reports  from  furnace  agents 
and  brokers  show  a  light  week's  busi- 
ness in  actual  sales  but  a  renewal  of  in- 
quiry from  consumers.  Offers  have  gone 
to  some  Southern  makers.  Recent  South- 
ern quotations  show  a  difference  in  favor 
of  Southern  iron.  This  means  a  shading 
in  Pennsylvania  irons  if  the  business  is  to 
be  held.  Southern  No.  2  foundry  is  of- 
fered at  $15.25;  Northepn  .$16;  Southern 
forge,  S14.50;  Northern,  $15;  basic  $15 
per  ton. 

Steel  Billets — Deliveries  on  old  con- 
tracts are  practically  completed  and  only 
small  orders  for  quick  delivery  were  sent 
to  mills. 

Bars — Much  of  this  week's  business 
came  from  orders  from  country  stores. 
Inquiries  from  direct  consumers  are  more 
frequent  and  in  some  cases  for  remote 
delivery. 

Sheets — The  weakness  is  discouraging. 
The  forward  buying  usual  at  this  season  is 
absent. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Large  purchases  for 
pipe  iron  have  been  closed  and  work  on 
new  orders  begins  early  in  October.  Mer- 
chant pipe  has  weakened  under  a  less- 
ened demand.  Tubes  are  strong  at  latest 
discounts. 

Plates — Absence  of  car  building  orders 
continues  to  exert  a  weakening  influence 
on  plates.  No  further  efforts  are  being 
made  to  invite  business  at  stated  rates. 

Structural  Material — Local  offices  re- 
port but  little  inquiry  out  of  the  ordinary 
run. 

Scrap — Dealers  are  not  seeking  to  fill 
their  yards  or  to  control  accumulations 
in  scrap-producing  shops.  Very  little 
business  is  being  done. 


4 


Pittsburg 

Sept.  !.■?— The  decrease  in  the  Steel 
Corporation's  unfilled  orders  in  August 
of  433,803  tons,  reflected  conditions  in 
the  steel  trade.  The  Corporation's  ship- 
ments were  at  the  rate  of  a  little  less 
than  1.000,000  tons  a  month,  so  that 
orders  received  were  less  than  60  per 
cent,  of  shipments. 

The  past  week  has  seen  a  slight  in- 
crease in  the  improvement  which  has 
been  noted  since  the  closing  days  of 
August.  There  is  better  specifying  and 
better  new  buying,  the  latter  being  al- 
most wholly  for  early  delivery.  Stocks 
of  buyers  are  evidently  at  a  low  ebb. 
There  is  no  inclination  to  buy  beyond  im- 
mediate requirements,  inasmuch  as  There  ' 
is  no  prospect  of  higher  prices.  The  ^ 
present  level  of  prices  of  finished  steel 


September  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


583 


is  held  by  individual  action  of  producers, 
and  the  accident  of  price  competition  may 
develop  at  any  time  in  a  given  line,  so 
that  the  immediate  prospect  is  for  buying 
closely  regulated  to  actual  requirements. 

Pig  Iron — The  local  pig-iron  market 
has  become  very  quiet  again.  There  is 
a  fair  run  of  small  orders  for  foundry 
iron  for  early  delivery.  Prices  are  not 
quntably  changed,  being  as  follows.  Val- 
ley furnaces,  90c.  higher  delivered  Pitts- 
burp.:  Bessemer,  S15;  basic,  S13.75iV/  14; 
No.  2  foundry,  $14;  forge,  S13.35;  malle- 
able, .'^H.SO  per  ton. 

Steel — Specifications  on  contracts  are 
somewhat  larger,  but  new  buying  con- 
tinues light.  It  is  possible  that  on  odd 
lots  held  by  brokers  prices  might  be 
shaded  a  trifle,  but  on  the  whole  the  mar- 
ket continues  firm  as  follows,  f.o.b. 
maker's  mill,  Pittsburg  or  Youngstown: 
Bessemer  billets,  .S24.,S0;  sheet  bars, 
S25.50;  open-hearth  billets,  S26;  sheet 
bars,  ,S26.50;  forging  billets,  S29..S0;  rods, 

^  per  ton. 

i  crromangancse — The  market  has 
shown  slightly  more  activity.  British  op- 
erators are  holding  prices  a  little  firmer, 
and  we  quote  prompt  25c.  higher,  at 
S39.50,  Baltimore,  freight  to  Pittsburg  be- 
ing S1.95  per  ton. 

Sheets — There  has  been  somewhat 
sharper  competition  in  sheets,  resulting 
in  black  and  galvanized  being  shaded 
about  SI  a  ton  more  than  formerly,  and 
blue  annealed  about  S2  more,  making 
;oncessions  from  nominal  prices  S5  on 
slack,  $6  on  galvanized  and  ,S3  on  blue 
>nnealed,  nominal  prices  being  2.40c.  for 
Mack,  3.50c.  for  galvanized,  1. 75c.  for 
■>lue  annealed,  $1.70  for  painted  corru- 
»ated  roofing  and  $3  for  galvanized  cor- 
ugated  roofing.  The  demand  in  point 
)f  tonnage  is  fairly  large,  but  the  mar- 
ket suffers  from  an  excess  of  producing 
rapacity. 

Bar-iron  Settlement — The  bimonthly 
iettlement  of  wages  in  the  iron  mills  con- 
rolled  by  the  Amalgamated  Association 
liscloses  an  average  realized  price  on 
shipments  of  base  sizes  of  bar  iron  from 
he  selected  mills  in  July  and  August  of 
.4655c.,  against  1.46375c.  for  May  and 
une,  thus  continuing  the   puddling   rate 

'i.l2':.  and  finishing  rates  as  formerly. 
..-  Sons  of  Vulcan  have  not  closed  a 
luddling  scale  yet.  They  demand,  from 
he  manufacturers  who  signed  their  scale 
1st  year,  a  rate  substantially  25c.  per  ton 
or  puddling  above  the  Amalgamated  scale 
Iready  settled.  The  bar-iron  market  is 
luotable  at  I.45r(/ 1.50c.,  Pittsburg. 


St.  Louis 

Sept.  12 — The  iron  market  is  still  slow, 
hough  the  general  feeling  is  more  opti- 
inistic.  No.  2  foundry  is  moving  a  little 
I'lore  freely  and  inquiries  are  coming. in 
'ery  well.  Melters  are  still  buying  closely 
nd  nearly  all  the  orders  are  for  delivery 
uring  this  season.     Very  few  have  ven- 


tured into  the  first  quaVter  of  ne.\t  year 
as  yet.  In  fact  practically  no  first- 
quarter  iron  has  been  sold;  it  is  under- 
stood that  producers  are  not  selling  for 
next  season's  delivery  unless  they  ob- 
tain better  prices  than  the  present  mar- 
ket. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


^[FOREIGN   IRON  TR>\DE1[a1 


United  States'  Foreign  Trade — Exports 
and  imports  of  iron  and  steel  in  the 
United  States  for  the  seven  months  ended 
July  31  are  valued  as  below  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics  o'f  the  Department 
of  Commerce  and  Labor: 

i;iu;i.  win.  cimngcs. 

Exports $8G,811I.4(B  $112..'il9,687    I.$'i5.7nn,122 

Imports l.l.Mn.ira      24,'286,8»8    I.     8,G87,!1"5 

EXCOS.S,  PXp.  $71,JJ1,.")42    i*8,-2:);!,C.Ktl    I.$]7.I112,H7 

The  leading  items  of  imports  and  ex- 
ports were,  in  long  tons: 


li!1.2I3 
12.029 


, Exports , 

lilcW.         1910. 

PlK  iron 31,782 

Si'iap 21,:j20 

liillnts. blooms. wtc.   74,810       7.i;.'i7 

Ulirs 4fi.611       60.728 

Rails l;)9.oG7  -219,200 

tHiiM'ts  au<l  plates. ,    91,912    15H.n22 
Btiiicuiral Steel...,   53,700     89,012 

Winvrods 9,391 

Wiro 90,268 

Nnils  and  spikes..    27,217 

Tiliplatcs. 6,597 

Pll>i>anil  flttlngs..    84,109 


, —  Imports — , 
IWPii.        1910. 


76,800 
2,2.52 
9,084 
8,564 

2,024 

14,620  6,308 

97,032      

.34.761      

7.056  34,971 

88,560      


189,918 
60,389 
27,595 
25,528 


4,073 
12i598 


Imports  of  wire  not  reported  in 
quantities;  values  were  .S580,331  in  1909, 
and  S898,432  this  year.  Imports  of  rails 
and  structural  steel  not  reported  this  year. 

United  States  Iron  Ore  Movement — 
Imports  and  exports  of  iron  ore  in  the 
United  States  seven  months  ended  July 
31,  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.      Changes. 

Imports 744,863    1.50R.076      I.     763.213 

Ex  ports 233,009        329.996      I.       96,987 

Of  the  imports  this  year  851.330  tons 
were  from  Cuba.  325,327  from  Spain, 
122,280  from  Sweden  and  89,289  from 
Canada. 

Imports  of  manganese  ore  for  the  seven 
months  were  107,965  tons  in  1909,  and 
131,434  in  1910;  increase,  23,469  tons. 

British  Iron-ore  Trade — Imports  of  iron 
ore  into  Great  Britain,  seven  months 
ended  July  31  were  3.507,927  tons  in 
1909,  and  4,393,653  in  1910;  increase, 
885,726  tons.  Of  the  imports  this  year 
3,126,804  tons  were  from  Spain. 


i    METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


New  York,  Sept.  1 4- -The  metal  mar- 
kets do  not  show  any  marked  change. 
Slight  improvement  is  noted  in  some  lines, 
while  in  others  matters  are  about  sta- 
tionary. 

Our  index  number  for  the  metals,  cal- 
culated on  the  approximate  production 
and  sales  of  pig  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead, 
zinc  and  aluminum,  was  127  for  the 
month  of  January;  124  for  February;  118 
for  March;  118  for  April;  113  for  May; 
107  for  June;  112  for  July;  113  for 
August. 


rXITEI)     ST.VTKS     (iol.l) 

.VXD     SII.VEn     MOVKMKXT 

Mptal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold : 

July  1910. . 

$    828.451 

$10,282,649 

Imp.$  9.454. 19K 

'•      1909 . . 

16,601,782 

3,269,886 

Exp.     13,391.H9i; 

Yunr  1910. . 

50.345,182 

29,671,180 

20,074, IH)2 

"     1909.. 

80,496,119 

23,405.478 

57,090,l>41 

811v..r: 

Jul.v   1910.. 

5,124.471 

3.794.8S8 

Exp.      1.329.683 

••        19(19. 

E.m'.i.Moo 

3.916.117 

l.l:«.249 

Year  19I(J. 

32,17H.6H9 

25,696,408 

■■         6.482.2S1 

"     1909. 

34.409.032 

26.788.146 

"         7.020.H87 

Kxpnils  from  llic  iiort  of  New  York,  week 
ended  Sept.  Ill:  Cold.  S^2K,4ilO  :  silver.  *!114,- 
Hi:i.  ciiiefly  to  London  and  Taiis.  Imports: 
tiold.  .$."■:!. 4:t1  :  silver.  .s:i;sii..miii,  from  South 
.\nierli'n.    Mexieo  and    the   West    Indies. 

Fxp'-rts  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East  from  Jan.  1  to  Sept.  1,  reported  by 
Messrs.  Pixley  &  Abell: 


1909. 

India £4,:i05.70O 

China 1,.").55,200 

Straits 82,800 


1910,  Changes. 
£4,197.500  D,    £    108,200 
1,113,600  D.  441,700 
D.  82,800 


Total £.-,.9-1:1.700      £5,:)11,000    D,    £    6:12,700 

India  Council  bills  brought  an  average 
of  16.03d.  per  rupee  in  London. 


Estimated  stocks  of  silver  in  India  on 
Sept.  1  amounted  to  19,400  bars,  or  £2,- 
300,000— equal  to  about  10,440,000  oz. 
This  is  an  increase  of  about  44  per  cent. 
over  Sept.  1  of  last  year. 


Gold — Prices  on  the  open  market  in 
London  continue  at  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for 
bars  and  76s.  5Kd.  per  oz.  for  American 
coin.  Some  more  gold  was  taken  in 
New  York  for  Canada.  The  receipt  of 
S500.000  gold  from  Mexico  is  also  noted. 

Platinum — The  market  remains  quiet, 
and  prices  are  unchanged  at  S33  per  oz. 
for  refined  platinum  and  $37.50(5(38  per 
oz.  for  hard  metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes 
under  date  of  Sept.  1  that  the  market  has 
a  strong  tendency,  but  without  material 
change  in  prices.  Crude  metal,  83  per 
cent,  platinum,  is  quoted  at  Ekaterin- 
burg at  7.50  rubles  per  zolotnik— $28.20 
per  oz.  This  is  still  above  St.  Petersburg 
quotations  for  the  same  grade,  which  are 
27.500f(/  28,000  rubles  per  pood — average 
$27.20  per  oz.  Reports  are  current  in 
St.  Petersburg  that  a  syndicate  has  been 
organized  at  Brussels,  Belguim,  to  con- 
trol   the    entire    Russian   production. 


SII.VEn    AXI>    STKCII.INO 

exohax<:e 

Sept. 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

14 

Now  York.... 
London  .. 
Sterling  Ex. 

B2T4 

24  H 

4.8596 

B31, 

24  S' 

4.8695 

63 

24,', 

4.86U0 

6274 

24  S 

4.8005 

63 

24,'„ 

1.8610 

63 'i 

24  >i 

4.8626 

New  York  (iinilallons.  cents  per  ouuce  troy, 
line  sliver;    London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 

sliver.  ii.!)i;.'i   line. 

Silver — The  tone  of  the  market  has 
improved  lately  owing  to  three  causes: 
The  apparent  ability  of  the  India  opera- 
tors to  carry"  and  finance  the  large 
amounts  of  bullion  they  have  been  cred- 
ited with  holding;  the  favorable  crop  out- 
look, and  the  disposition  of  China  to  buy. 


584 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tiu. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

a 

■^    1- 

g 

K-i  S 

3  o 

^ 

r.K 

E 

^4 

^* 

fe  ^ 

^:? 

^2 

C    CD 

So 

2 

1^ 

.  1} 

&3 

|2 

too 

12*, 

12.40 

4.27,il     5.45        5.30 

8 

a)Viii 

©12.50 

35  >^ 

4.40 

(34.32;  (©3.47; 

(a>5.32t 

VIV, 

12.40 

4.27ii     5.47J 

5.32i 

a 

012?i 

(2)12.60 

35.40 

4.40 

(34.321(35.50 

©5.35 

12 'X 

12.3.5 

4.27;|     5.47i 

5.32i 

111 

m-i% 

ffll2.45 

35.40 

4.40 

(5)4.325  (35. 52 J 

©5.37J 

12!.; 

12,35 

4  27ll     5.52J 

5. 37  J 

11 

012?i 

rsi2.« 

35>g 

4.4C 

©4.321  ®6  .65 

©6.40 

12  )j 

12.35 

4.27  1     3. .52! 

5.371 

12 

®12>4 

(312.46 

343i 

4.40 

©4.32,  ©5.67' 

©5  42i 

VI)  ■, 

12.35 

4.27i!     3.65 

5.40 

14 

&l-i'. 

(312.45 

34?il  4  40 

©I  32]  ©5. CO  |©5.45 

Tb'^  Xtnv  Yoi-U  quotations  for  eleotiolytic 
coiipei-  ai-e  for  cakes,  ingots  and  wiii'liars. 
and  roiiresent  the  bulk  of  the  transactions 
niade  with  consumers,  basis  New  York,  casli. 
Till'  prices  of  castinc;  copper  and  of  electrolytic 
cathodes  are  usually  ii.l-.ic.  below  that  of 
eiectrolviic.  The  quotations  for  lead  repre- 
sent wliolesale  transactions  in  the  open  mar- 
k-f  The  quotations  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  Western  brands;  special  brands 
commaiid    a    premium.        ■ 

LONDON 


4^ 

[     Copper. 

Tin.        !       Lead, 

Zinc, 

S 

Spot. 

3Mns 

Spot. 

3Mo8 

Span- 
ish. 

Eng- 
lish. 

ordi- 
naries. 

8 

55K 

56  K 

163K 

158M 

12ii 

22% 

9 

55% 

56K 

162 

158;^ 

12,', 

22% 

12 

55f. 

6(ii>, 

162 

159% 

12,', 

22% 

1:1 

^Oz\ 

.35% 

169  Si 

157% 

12>^ 

23 

14 

J55(>, 

55% 

158 

157% 

12K 

12  5i 

23 

The  above  table  uives  the  closing  quotations 
on  London  .Metal  Kxcliange.  .\ll  prices  are 
in  pounds  sterlins  per  ton  of  22411  lb.  Copper 
qnotations  are  for  standard  copper. 

Copper — The  market  has  been  quiet 
(iuring  the  last  week.  Manufacturers  are 
busy  an(J  consumption,  both  here  and 
abroad  is  good,  but  for  the  moment  there 
is  not  much  buying.  In  the  absence  of 
demand  some  producers  have  offered 
electrolytic  at  12^,^c.  delivered,  usual 
terms,  corresponding  to  about  12.45c., 
cash.  New  York,  but  such  business  as  has 
been  done  has  been  below  that  figure. 
This  does  not  imply  a  weakening  of  the 
market  so  much  as  a  desire  to  make  the 
metal  move.  Buyers  seem  to  be  skeptical 
respecting  curtailment  of  production  and 
are  strengthened  in  their  opinion  by  the 
refinery  statistics  for  August,  but  the  pro- 
ducers know  that  curtailment  is  really 
going  on  and  feel  sure  that  as  soon  as 
buyers  become  convinced  of  this  they  will 
be  more  anxious  to  contract  for  supplies, 
wherefore  there  is  an  undertone  of 
strength  in  the  market.  At  the  close  Lake 
copper  is  quoted  at  \2'^jOi  12.i/ic.,  electro- 
lytic copper  in  cakes,  wirebars  and  ingots 
at  12.35'f/  12.45c.  Casting  copper  is 
quoted  nominally  at  ]2'4.Ca  \2Hc.  for  the 
week. 

Copper   sheets   arc    \80i  19c.    base    for 


large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 
The  standard  market  in  London  has 
been  dull  and  featureless,  and  closes  at 
.£55  3s.  9d.  for  spot,  and  £55  Hs.  6d. 
for  three   months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  'we 
quote:  English  tough,  £57-  10s.;  best 
selected,  £59r,(£59  10s.;  strong  sheets, 
£67(u£68  per  ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  V  eek  were  5861  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore   for  the  week  at  '  '13  tons. 

Imports  of  copper  it  r-.nany,  seven 
months  ended  July  .  ■  ■  100,150 
metric  tons;   exports,  5i  :::-ts, 

95,092  tons,  an  increase  l     -,;  i :  jver 

last  year. 

Tin — The   corner   in    spo  .n    Lon- 

don   seems    to    have    collaps.  Quota- 

tions receded  almost  £9  from  the  liighest 
point  as  far  as  spot  tin  is  concerned, 
while  three-months  tin  declined  to  the 
extent  of  £2  5s.  only.  It  has  been  sug- 
gested in  the  trade  that  the  heavy  ship- 
ments from  the  East  and  the  coming 
Banka  sale  are  the  causes  of  this  collapse. 
The  domestic  market  has  remained  in- 
different toward  the  advance  of  spot  tin 
in  London.  An  important  feature  of  the 
present  situation  is  the  larger  use  to 
which  tin  not  produced  in  the  Straits 
Settlement  is  being  put.  Consumers  who 
have  heretofore  never  used  anything  but 
Straits  tin  have  been  forced,  through 
the  enormous  premiums  exacted  for  that 
metal,  to  use  so  called  impure  tin  in 
their  works,  with  the  result  that  they  have 
found  its  quality  quite  satisfactory  and 
are  probably  going  to  continue  its  use  at 
the  large  reduction  in  price  at  which  it 
can  usually  be  obtained.  This  may  have 
quite  a  bearing  on  the  future  consump- 
tion of  Straits  tin  in  this  country.  The 
market  in  London  closes  at  £158  for 
spot,  and  £157  7s.  6d.  for  three  months. 
September  delivery  in  New  York  is  quoted 
at  about  34  ■)i;  cents. 

Messrs.  Robertson  &  Bense  reports  re- 
ceipts of  Bolivian  tin  concentrates  at 
Hamburg,  Germany,  in  August  at  626 
metric  tons. 

Visible  stocks  of  tin  reported  on  Sept. 
1,  including  tin  afloat,  were:  London, 
12,400;  Holland,  2195;  United  States, 
excluding  Pacific  ports,  3348;  total,  17,- 
943  long  tons.  This  is  an  increase  of 
510  tons  over  Aug.  1,  but  a  decrease  of 
12,39  tons  from  Sept.   1   last  year. 

Lead  -The  market  is  without  special 
feature,  and  quotations  are  unchanged  at 
4.40c.  New  York,  and  4.27' ^.f;  4.32' <c. 
St.  Louis. 

The  London  market  is  firm  ai  the  last 
prices,  £12  10s.  for  Spanish  lead,  and 
£12  12s.  6d.  for  English  lead. 

Spelter — The  market  continues  strong 
and   advancing  and   a  good   business  has 


been  done  from  day  to  day  at  higher  fig- 
ures. Stocks  in  the  hands  of  producers 
appear  to  be  low;  also  in  the  hands  of 
consumers;  while  consumption  is  good. 
The  outlook  is  for  still  further  improve- 
ment in  the  price  for  this  metal.  The 
market  closes  at  5.40f?(  5.45c.  St. '  Louis, 
and  5.55rr/ 5.60c.  New  York. 

The  foreign  market  is  firm  and  the 
closing  quotation  for  good  ordinaries  is 
cabled  at  £23,  and  £23  5s.  for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

Imports  and  exports  of  spelter  and  zinc 
products  in  Germany,  seven  months 
ended  July  31,  metric  tons: 


^  Imports  --, 
1909.       1910. 


,—  Exports  -^ 

1909.  1910. 

3l50lter 22,208    21,850    42,316  44,57»' 

>,ilic  scrap 1,502          942      3.502  3.681 

Zinc  sheets  65         104    10,2.31  11,792 

Zinc  dust 453          815      2,050  1,71» 

Zinc  o.'iiuc,  etc 4,148      4,647     14,969  18,871 

Imports  of  zinc  ores  were  111,570 
tons  in  1909  and  138,555  in  1910;  exports 
were  26,581  tons  in  1909,  and  31,213  this 
year. 

Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  remains  quiet 
and  a  little  depressed.  Quotations  are 
unchanged,  at  21';.  r<(22c.  per  lb.  for  No. 
I  ingots,  New  York  delivery. 

Antimony — The  market  remains  dull, 
with  only  a  retail  business  being  done. 
Prices  are  nominally  unchanged  at  8'j(<( 
S-KsC.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  77,sfi-('8c.  for 
U.  S.,  and  7'4''' ''•''sc.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  is  improving  and 
the  market  has  a  firmer  tone  than  for 
some  time.  Prices  are  unchanged,  how- 
over.  New  York  quotations  are  .S46  per 
flask  of  75  lb.  far  large  lots;  $47'<(i48  for 
jobbing  orders.  San  Francisco,  S45.50 
for  domestic  orders  and  $2  less  for  ex- 
port. The  London  price  is  £8  12s.  6d. 
per  flask,  with  £8  6d.  3d.  quoted  by  sec- 
ond hands. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  SI. 50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 


Zinc   and  Lead    Ore  Markets 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Sept.  10 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc-sulphide  ore  was  S46  per 
ton,  on  a  base  price  of  S43.50  per  ton  of 
60  per  cent.  zinc.  The  highest  base  price 
was  S44,  two  different  bins  selling  at  this 
figure.  Zinc  silicate  sold  on  a  base  of 
$20(f/  24  per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The 
average  price,  all  grades  of  zinc  was 
S39.66.  Lead  ore  sold  generally  at  S56, 
with  some  of  the  buyers  trying  to  cut 
the  price  at  the  end  of  the  week.  The 
average  price,  all  grades  of  lead,  was 
$55.24  per  ton.  The  base  price  of  zinc 
ore  shows  an  increase  of  50c.  over  the 
previous  week  but  the  general  market 
was  SI  or  S2  higher  and  very  little  ore 
sold  under  a  S42  base. 


September  17.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JO'JRNAL 


585 


SlIll'.MK.NTS,  WEEK  EXLiKIl  SICI'T.  HI. 


Zinc.  lb.  Lead  lb 


Wobb  City-Oarteiville 

JopUn 

Allin-Seck 

enliiia 

Ja'-'ivson 

^liiiini 

Dm'UWc;;; 

Oroiiiij-.i 

Spuri:i"i'n 

t-'arthajif 

Badp'i- 

Curl  Junction 

Cavi'  Springs 

Granby 

Aurora 

guaimw 

Sarco.\it; 

Totals 


4,004, 

1,S(I(I, 
1,0111 
'.112, 
0K7, 
400, 
.139, 
.10, 
304, 
2.14, 
240, 
17S, 
123, 
131, 
109, 
01. 


0K7,09O 
190,880 


57,310 

3,480 

24,-<.300 

12,110 
298.090 

39.570 


3. 200 
1,000 


11,050,890    1,511.030 


Value. 


$102,230 
43.055 
22,093 
20.233 
13.840 
12,034 
10,110 
9,510 
0,597 
5,347 
4,931 
3.830 
2,012 
1.977 
1,777 
987 
099 


$201,874 


37  weeks 409,722,900  59,000,570    $.1,505,740 

Zinc  value,  the  week.  S2r.i,293;   37  weeks,  t8,0.)3,31« 
Lead  value,  the  week.     42,5k1;    37  weeks.    1,532,422 

MONTHLY   AVERAGE   rilK'KS. 


Lead  Oke. 


Montb, 


Note — Inder  zinc  ore  the  tirst  two  col- 
umns Rive  base  prices  lor  (Ki  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  tlie  second  two  the  iiveraye  for  all  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  tlie  average  for 
nil   oi*es    sold. 

Platteville.  Wis.,  Sept.  10— The  base 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was  S42 
''(42.50  per  ton;  no  premium  price  re- 
ported. The  base  price  paid  for  80  per 
cent,   lead   ore  was  S51.50'r(52  per  ton. 

.SHir.MENTS.  WEEK  ENDED  SEI'T.  HI. 


Camps. 


Zinc 
ore.  lb. 

*alena 802,100 

Mineral  Point .188,000 

FlnttevlUe 508,270 

ilba  Olty 402,570 

Henton 2S5.ii20 

HiKhland 2.12  2fK) 

Hftrker 217,710 

t.lvluKSton 130,104 

l-lnden 03,790 

tf  ontfort 

'In/.ei  Green '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

■illsburg 


Lead 
ore,  lb. 


259.450 


05,580 
47.300 
87,000 


Sulphur 
ore,  lb. 

67,000 


400,900 
513,300 
40,000 


ft/ 2.37'/  per  100  lb.  being  quoted  for 
white  arsenic.  The  rise  is  rather  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  general  market. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  in  this  ar- 
ticle iG  steady.  Spot  can  be  had  at  2.10c. 
per  lb.,  while  2.15c.  is  asked  for  futures. 

Imports  and  Exports — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  chemicals  and  raw  materials  in 
the  United  States,  seven  months  ended 
July  31: 


stronger,  with  some  good  sales,  especially 
of  Cobalt   Central. 


Imports. 

Exports. 

Excess. 

Bleach,  lb 

53,2ol,.1:i8 

496  I. 

33,201,842 

Bleach,  1909.... 

49.018,490 

13,964   I. 

49,604,532 

Potash  salts,  lb.. 

325.580,721 

1,996,766   I. 

323,589,955 

Potash  salts, '09 

217.0r.H,404 

1,858,086   I. 

215,810.318 

Soda  salts,  lb 

18,478,184 

289,823   I. 

18,188,001 

Soda  salts.  1909 

8.918,989 

394,405   I. 

8,.124,521 

Acetate  lime,  lb. 

40,115,326  E. 

40,145,320 

Acetate.  1-9U9... 

47,433,731  E. 

47,433,731 

Nit.  of  soda,  tons 

327,331 

4,088   I. 

323,243 

Nitrate,  1909... 

210,013 

5,509   1. 

211,104 

Phosphates,  tons 

10,277 

591,026  E. 

381,349 

Phosijhates,  '09 

0,077 

633.013  E.' 

027,536 

Sulphur,  tons 

17.220 

22,320  E. 

5,094 

Suliduir,  1909.. 

18,127 

13,100   I. 

.-.,201 

Pyrites,  tons 

4.10.122 

I. 

1.50,122 

Pyrites.  1909... 

399.810 

I. 

:i99,810 

Magnosite,  lb. . . . 

:5C,o25,130 

2,703,822  I. 

1.52,821,314 

llasnesite.  HJ09 

Exports  include  reexports  of  foreign 
material.  Figures  for  magnesite  not  re- 
ported prior  to  July  1,  1909.  Estimating 
sulphur  contents  of  pyrites,  the  total  im- 
ports of  sulphur  in  1910  were  197,275 
tons. 

Imports  of  potash  salts  into  Russia 
during  1909  amounted  to  40,482  tons;  of 
superphosphates,  85,428;  ground  slag, 
109,080;  Chilean  saltpeter,  17,460  tons. 
These  figures  represent  increases  of  from 
25  to  80  per  cent,  over  the  importations 
of  the  previous  year. 


Petroleum 

The  oil  production  of  Oklahoma  in 
August  is  reported  by  the  Oil  and  Gas 
Journal  at  4,549,718  bbl.;  deliveries, 
4,385,827  bbl.;  stocks,  Sept.  1  were  53,- 
773,926  bbl.  Most  of  the  pipe-line  com- 
panies are  paying  40c.  for  oil  of  30  deg. 
gravity  and  over. 

New  wells  completed  in  southeast 
Texas  in  August  were  38  oil  and  1  gas; 
in   Louisiana,  3  oil   wells. 


6^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


'    ' "' 3,250.348        459,.33.1    1,027.200 

I'oar  U,  date 65.397.315    0.704.219  I7.72S.230 

Shipped  during  the  week  to  separating 
nlants,  3,058,520  lb.  zinc  concentrates. 


^[CHEMICALS 


New  York.  Sept.  14— There  is  just 
ibout  buying  enough  in  the  general  mar- 
cet  to  keep  prices  steady.  On  the  whole, 
'Usiness  is  improving. 

Copper  Sulphate — The  market  is  easy 
ind  prices  unchanged.  Quotations  are  .S4 
>er  100  lb.  for  carloads  or  over,  and  S4.25 
'^er  100  lb.  for  smaller  orders. 

Arsenic — The  market  is  a  little  more 
ictive  and  prices  are  slightly  better,  S2.30 


New  York.  Sept.  14 — Beginning  very 
quietly,  there  has  been  some  improve- 
ment, both  in  the  volume  of  business  and 
in  quotations.  The  market  has  been 
stronger  and  shows  a  better  tone,  though 
it  is  still  largely  professional,  and  the 
public  is  not  taking  much   interest. 

An  important  incident  of  the  week  was 
the  sale  of  a  large  block  of  Rock  Island 
stock  to  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.,  who  will 
hold  it. 

A  sale  of  Homestake,  of  South  Dakota, 
is  reported,  100  shares  at  S85  per  share. 

On  the  Curb,  business  also  improved. 
There  was  a  good  deal  of  trading  in 
copper  shares,  British  Columbia,  Chino 
and  Ray  Central  leading,  and  showing 
advanced  prices.  In  the  Nevada  stocks. 
Jumbo  and  Tonopah  Extension  met  a 
good     demand.       Cobalt     stocks     were 


Boston,  Sept.  13 — Sentiment  is  chang- 
ing on  copper  shares  and  it  is  reflected  by 
hardening  prices  and  more  activity  in 
leading  issues.  This  feeling  has  been  ex- 
tended to  some  issues,  notably  the  Calu- 
met &  Hecla  subsidiaries,  in  which  Su- 
perior Copper  and  Isle  Royale  are  the 
most  notable.  As  showing  what  a  narrow 
market  there  was  during  July  it  is  cited 
that  the  most  active  stock  was  North 
Butte  with  only  49,444  shares.  Lake  Cop- 
per was  second,  with  32,929  shares.  In 
no  other  mining  stock  did  the  total  for 
the  month   reach    15,000  shares. 


cDi'rEi;  I'lt 

<'opl>er    content,*    ( 

ilUCTIDN    KEI'tlUTS. 

f   blister   coppi-r,    in   jiounds. 

Company. 

June. 

July, 

August. 

Ai-izoi>a.  Ltd 

Balaklala 

2.802,000 
1.220,(X10 
2,115.311 
10,219,t;s7 
2,190,000 
4,280,000 
2,017,1100 
.800,000 
0.180,832 
2,092,IKXJ 
1,.128,000 
2,245.000 
8,358,490 
23,750,000 
18,000,000 

2,910.000 
1,1110,1100 
2,272,000 
10,7:10.372 
2,705,000 
4,.1(HJ,000 
1,800,000 
8(H1,000 
0,S9i;,429 
2,000,000 
2,207,000 
2,224,000 
8,077,000 
23,7.10,000 
19,000.000 

2.020.000 

Boleo  (Mexico) 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  .s:  .\riz 

Cananea  (Mexico). . 

Detroit 

Imperial 

Nevada  Cr)n 

Old  Diiminion 

2.039,.120 
9,420,763 

3,f)20'.('jo6 
2,100,000 
400,000 
5,8(KJ,000 
2,693.000 

Superior  &  Pitts... 

llutte  Hislrict 

Lake  Suiierlor 

23,750,000 
18,800,000 

88,13(],329 

20,817.978 

5,579,018 

90,804,411 

17,714,034 

0,037,830 

Imijorts.  bai's,  etc.. 

Total 

114,527,915 

115,166,281 

ItiiUi'  (listrici  anfi  l.aUe  Superior  ligiirt-s  are 
ostimatod  ;  others  are  roi)orts  received  ivom 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  produciion  of 
Cananea,  ami  iliat  pari  of  Copper  Queen  pro- 
duction wliieli  comes  from  Nacozari.  Holeo 
» nppor  does  not  come  to  American  reliners. 
riali  Cnjiper  report  includes  the  output  uf 
Hip    r.o^lon    mill. 

STATISTICS  nr  rni'n:u. 


Month. 

United 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries. 
Domestic. 

DellverleB 
for  Export. 

IX.  1909 

X 

XI   

118,02:i,139 
124.057.709 
121.018.309 
117.828,655 

.12,106,955 
00.359,017 
66,857,873 
69,519,.101 

.10,077,777 
60,201.238 
55.2I'.0.596 
.19,540,670 

XII    ., 

Year 

1 ,405,403,056 

705,051,591 

680,942,620 

I. 1910 

11    

110,547,287 
112,712,493 
120,007,407 
117,477.039 
123,212,470 
127.219,188 
118.370.003 
127,80:t,618 

78,158,387 
06,618,322 
62,844,818 
07,985,951 
59.305,222 
53,303,196 
56,708,175 
07,731,271 

81,091,672 
37,309,518 
40,585,767 
31.332,4.34 
45,495,400 
05,895,948 
59,407,107 
61,831,780 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

rnlted 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

IX, 1909 

X 

XI 

XII 

I.  1910 

11 

Ill 

135.196,9.30 
151,472.772 
1.13..109,020 
153.(H):t.527 
141.700,111 
9S,4r.3.339 
107.187,992 
123,824 ,874 
HI. '.18 1.1. 19 
100.125.973 
108,380,017 
170,640,678 
168,881,246 

197.993.600 

210.221,IMI0 
222.500.400 
230..S57.01JO 
244,201, 81  HI 
248.2.30.800 
2.14.1.1I1,4IHI 
249,025,0(K) 
240.87O.41KI 
239.142.400 
232,892,800 
222,320,IMH) 
218,444.800 

a33.190,53a 

.301 ,096,772 
370,070,026 
389,801,127 
385,970,911 
340,7(HI,139 
301,3:18,392 
37:1,460,474 
:188.K54,569 
399,508,373 
401,278,817 
:l92,900,r.78 
387,320,045 

IV 

v.... 

VI 

VII 

VIII.... 

IX 

I''k'iiies  ore  In  pounds  of  line  copper.  U.  S. 
prodncllon  Includes  all  copper  reflned  in  this 
counlrv.  both  from  domestic  and  imported 
mnterlal.  Visible  slocks  are  those  rejiorted 
on  the  llrst  da.v  of  each  month,  us  bi-ought 
over   from   the  preceding  montli. 


586 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  17,  1910. 


Algomah  mining  shares  have  been 
taken  from  the  Curb  and  put  on  the  un- 
listed sheet  of  the  Stock  Exchange.  Isle 
Royale's  strength  is  based  on  bullish  ut- 
terances and  belief  that  the  long  search 
frr  the  Baltic  lode  has  at  last  met  with 
success.  Today's  market  for  coppers  was 
the  strongest  and  b'oadest  for  many 
months  and  hopes  for  its  continuation 
are   almost   unanimous. 

Trading  on  the  Curb  has  been  of  fair 
volume  with  steady  to  firm  prices  with 
some  few  exceptions.  National  Explora- 
tion almost  reached  the  disappearing 
price.  The  company  is  without  funds  and 
has  a  SIOO.OOO  note  due  Sept.  24,  held 
by  President  Amster,  of  the  Arizona  Com- 
mercial company,  on  which  foreclosure 
is  e-;pected.  Old  Dominion  mining  trust 
receipts  have  reappeared  on  the  Curb 
with  sales  around  $2  per  share. 

.'k.^Ne!4MllieiltN 


Company. 


iDelin.i, 


Ann^rican,  I<ia 

Bullii>u,  N«v  

Challongo.  Nov 

Davis-Daly,  Mont 

Ely  Con..  Nov 

Exi'lioquer,  Nov 

Haticook  Con.,  Mich 

Hypothok,  Ida 

Liltlo  Butto.  Ida 

Live  Oak,  Ariz 

p.  itosi  Q.  k  S.  Min,  Nov 

httvon,  Mloh...    

Rnodo  Island,  Ida 

Savago,  Nov 

Scorpion,  Nov 

Scottish  Chief,  Utah 

Sog.  Bolcher  &  Midas  Con.,N. 

Tintio  Central,  Utah 

Union,  Nov 

Utah,  Nov 

Winona,  Mich 

Yellow  Jacket,  Nov  . , 


Sopt, 
Aug. 

[Sept. 


Sept. 

'au.O. 

ISopt. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

ISept. 

I  Sept. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

ISept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 


Sale. 


Oct. 

Sopt. 

Sept. 

Sopt. 

Oct. 

Oct, 

Oct, 
Oct, 


Amt 


1'2 
1.5 

1 

6 
15 
U 
21  Oct, 


Sept. 
Oct'.' 


1 


Sopt. 
Sept, 
Sopt. 


Oct. 

Sept. 


Oct.    20 


60,002 
0.05 
0.10 
0.50 
0.05 
0.05 
3.00 
0.005 
0.002 
3.00 
0,10 
0.10 

0  001 

0.10 

0.02 

0.01 

0.05 

O.OOJ 

0.10 

0.05 

1.00 

0.15 


Monthly  Averace  Prices  of  Metiils 

SII.VKR 


Month, 


January  — 
February. .. 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

July 

August 

8ei>tonibor. 

Octc.lior 

Novonibor.. 
Decomber.. 

Total 


I'.ioo.    I'.ilo, 


London. 


1   T.-ill  ;V)  :17".  ■2:i.H4:l  ■.>4 

.".1.47i  .")l.r):u  -i-i'M  -i:! 

."JI.-168  .'>1.4,'.4  2:1. 227  2:1 
51.42-Hi.5;l.221  ■2H,7llH  24 
.V2  005  .W.STo  24.:l4:t  24 
2..')S8.5:l.4Ci2;24.1(;iV24 


51.04Hl54.15lli2:t.nl'.l 
51. 125132. 91212;). 588 

51.440 l2:i.74» 

.50  i)2» 23.502 

50.703' 23,351 

.■)2.22fi 124.030 


23.700 


,154 
794 
090 
.483 
.7'.17 
.(151 
.034 
.428 


X<'\v    York,    cents    per    line    ounce;    London, 
ponoo    per    standard    ounce. 


COI'I'KK. 

NKW  York. 

London. 

Electrolytic'       Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

v.m. 

1910. 

li)«9. 

1910, 

Januai"y 

Feitruary 

Maiih 

April 

May 

Juii> 

July 

13.H9;t 
12.949 
12.;iH7 
12.6(;i 
12.893 
13.214 
12.8811 
13.1KI7 
12.870 
12.7IKI 
13.125 
13.298 

13.620 
13.;W2 
13.2.55 
12.7:M 
12.5.50 
12.404 
12,215 
12.49<J 

14.280 
13  295 
12.8211 
12.9;!; 
13.2:18 
13. .548 
13.;)li3 

13.87(1 
13.719 
13..5H0 
13.091 
12  8H5 
12.798 
12.570 

111.198 
57 .  1188 
.5(1.231 
.57.3(13 
-.9.;)38 
.59.(127 
58.55(1 
59.;i93 
59.021 
67.651 
68.917 
,59.906 

(10.923 
.59.;t88 
.59.214 
57.238 
.50.:I13 
65.310 
.54.194 

Augu.st 

8opteinbi?r  ,, 

Oct..b.'r 

Novonitier... 
Decomber, . . 

13.2911 
13.210 

l3.o;io 

13.364 
13.(147 

12.715 

55.733 

Year 

12.982 

13.3;t6 

5S.7;t2 

New  York,  cents  per  pound.  Hloelrolyllc  In 
for  cakes,  Inpots  or  wlreliars.  London,  pounds 
slerllni;.   per   lonv   Ion,   slnndnrd  i'i>t)|>er. 


TIN 

AT    NEW    YOKK 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

32 .  700 
:t2  920 
:i2.4li3 
;!2.976 
;13.125 
32.7119 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . .  - 
February  . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28.  (Hill 
•is  291) 
28.727 
29.445 
29.225 
29  :122 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

Novenihei'.. 
December.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29.125 
29.966 
30.293 
30,476 
30.859 
32.913 

32.U95 
:13.972 

29.725 

SAN    FKANflSCf). 


Sept.    !.•!. 


L'CAD 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.   L 

•  uis. 

Lon 

l..n. 

1909 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909, 

19111. 

January 

4.175 

4 .  7U0 

4 .  025 

4.. 582 

13,113 

13.650 

Fehruary 

4,018 

4.61:) 

3.  Mils 

4 .  445 

13.313 

13.328 

March 

3  986 

4 .  459 

3  835 

4.;)II7 

l;i.4;).-< 

13,063 

Apiil 

4,1118 

4.376 

4.051 

4  225 

i:i  297 

12,641 

May 

4.287 
4.:c.u 

4.315 
4.;)4;i 

4.214 

4.291 

4.11.4 

4.207 

1:),U31 

12   5.511 

June 

12.688 

July 

4.:J2l 

4.404 

4.1.SH 

4.291 

12. 563 

12,531 

August 

4.;ili3 

4.4IHI 

4 .  227 

4 .  290 

12  475 

12.513 

September  . . 

4.:  142 

4.215 

12.781 

O.t.ibor 

4.341 

4.215 

13.175 

Ni'V.'iiiber  .. 

4.370 

4.252 

13.047 

December... 

4.560 

4.4,59 

13.125 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

Name  of  Comp. 

COMSTOCK  STOCKS 

Alta...    

Belcher  

Best  &  Belcher..,. 

Caledtiuia 

Chall"'n£;e  Con 

Chollar 

Conflilenec 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va 

Crown  Pnint 

Guul.l  &  Curry.... 
Halo  &  Norcross. . 

M'^xican   

occnlental 

Ophir 

ovorniau 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada.... 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket..., 


New    York    and    SI.    Louis,    rpnts   per    pniind- 
London.  i>oniuIs  sterling  per   Icuii;   t<»n. 

STKLTLIJ 


Month. 

New  y.irk. 

St.  LduIs. 

Li'Udon. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 
21 . 425 

1910, 

January 

6.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5.951 

23 . 3,50 

February 

4.S.89 

6.669 

4.7:)9 

5.419 

21. 562 

23.188 

Mai-ch 

4.7.57 

6,6;)7 

4.607 

6.487 

21,4:18 

23.031 

Apiil 

4.965 

5.439 

4.815 

5  289 

21..5:)1 

22,469 

May 

5 .  124 

6.191 

4.974 

5.041 

21.97.". 

22,100 

June 

6.402 

5.128 

6.2.52 

4.978 

22,111111 

22.219 

July 

5 .  402 

5.152 

5.2,52 

5.002 

21   969 

22.406 

August 

6.729 

5.279 

6.579 

6.129 

22.125 

22.800 

September  . . 

6.796 

5.6411 

22.906 

October 

6.199 

O.l*) 

23.200 

November... 

C.:)81 

6.231 

23.188 

December... 

6.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Year 

5.603 

6.352 

22.201 

New    Yorli   and    St.    Louis,   cents   per  povind. 
Loudun.  pdiiuds  ster^in^  per   lun.^   ton. 


PRICES   UK   VU:    IKON   AT   PITTSBT'K(;. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910, 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

Man-h 

April, 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
15.79 
16.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18,44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18.63 
18.28 
17.10 
16.52 
16.40 
16.09 

$16.40 
16.09 
15.84 
16.06 
16.02 
16.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 

$16.26 
15,90 
15,62 
15  06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15.53 
16.40 
16.16 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Sept.  13 


Name  of  Comp, 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'kCon, 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Pa.so 

Faniilo  Rawlins. 

Flnillnv 

OoUl  Dollar 

Gold  Sovereign , , 

Isabella    

Jennie  Somple  .. 

Le.vlngton 

Moon  ,\nchor 

Old  Oold 

]\tary  McKluney. 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

Vindicator 

W..rk 


Bid. 


.06 1, 
.025 
.16', 
.10' 
.73? 

.81? 

{.051 
.08' 

t.l4'. 

J. 031. 
.181 
.10 
.011 
.03il 
.04' 

t.5;j 

.02' 

1.15 

.90 

.04 


SALT  LAKE         Sept.  13 


Name  of  Comp,      CIg. 


Carlsa 

Colorado  Mining, 
Columbus  Con... 

Daly  Judge 

(irand  Central 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  Dell 

Liltle  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth, 

Mft.soii  Vallt*y 

MaJ.  Mines 

Mav  Day 

Nevada  Hills 

New  York 

Prince  Con 

Red  'Warrior 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

Slou.^  Con 

Undo  Sam 

Vlctorlft 


.16 

.38* 

.58 

4.30 

1.00 
.80 

1.10 
.22 
.12 

7.40 
.63 
.06 

2.15 
.13 
.51 

6.00 

1,90 
,23} 
.18 

1.071 


Clg. 


,10 
.69 
.43 
.40 
.24 
.16 
.70 

1.32  J 
.80 
.19 
.29 

1.22i 
.40 

1.32J 
.69" 
.40 
.17 
.22 
.39 
.67 


Name  of  Comp,     Bid, 


Misc.  Nevada 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

Nnrth  Star 

West  End  Con.,, 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Columbia  Mt. ,.. 

Comb.  Frac 

Great  Bend 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Sandstorm.  ... 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 


4.10 
.OQ 
.29 
.29 
.22 
.07j 
.62 
.12 
.10 
.16 
,04 
.41 
.03 
.44 
,06 
,04 
.04 
.06 
,11 
.04 


N.  Y.  EXCH.       Sept.  13 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated .... 
Am.  Agrl.  Chem. . 
.\m.Sm..(;Ref.,coni 
Ain.Sm.  k  Ref.,pf. 

Anacuuda 

BethlehoinSteelpf 
Col.  &  Hock.C.  ,ic  I. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 
Coldtielil  Con.  . . . 
Great  Nor.,  orectl. 

Homestake 

NafnalLead,com. 
National  Lead,pf. 

N"-v.  Citiisol 

Pittahurg  Coal 

RepiiliUcl.tS.com. 
Ropuhllc  I  &S,pI. 
Slos3She0i'd,com. 
Sloss  Sheffield,  pt. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  (.'opper 

D.  S.  Steel,  com,.. 

D.  S.  Steel,  pt 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


Clg, 


64?; 
44/2 
68?i 
J:1U3'/|, 
39!  2 
67^4 
3>i 
^56 

66 
t87Ti 

52  K, 
104 

20  >^ 

17 

31 '.i 

94=i 

57 
tl03 

•UK 

47 

69  K 

59 


[boston  EXCH.  Sept.  13 


Name  of  comp. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Sept.  13 


Name  of  Comp. 


Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek . . . 
Boston  Copper — 
Braden  Copper... 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition . . . 

(.'aledouia 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Cobalt  Prov 

Con.  .\riz.  Sm.. ... 
Cumberland  Ely,, 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Elv  Con 

ElBayo 

Florence 

Gila.  Copper 

Girous 

Gold  Hill 

Greene  Cauanea. , 

Guanajuato 

Guggen.  Exp. 

Kerr  Lake. .....  . 

La  Rose 

McKinle.y-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 
Mimt.  Shoshone.. 
Mont.-Tonopah, .. 
Nov.  Utah  M,  &8. 

New  Baltic 

Nipis.sing  Mines.. 

Ohio  C.pper 

Paeitic  Sm.  &  M. . 

Rav  Central 

Ray  Con 

Silver  t^ueen 

Staiidjird  Oil 

Sttnvart 

Tonopah 

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-lluliion 

Tuolumne 

Yukon  Gohi 


Clg. 


3  A 

SX 

18 

,    '* 

16J« 

»>i 
t59 
2 
P 
1« 

V 

.21 

3?i 

ess 

t?. 

6Ji 
Jl?. 
180 

.97 

18>i 

56 

{.37>^ 

.88 

3*^ 
10% 

a 

18 
t35 
600 

.96 

2.40 
4 


Adventure 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Bi^nanza 

Boston  &  Corbiu  . . 

Butte  &  Balak 

Calumet  ^  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con,  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

'North  Lake 

OJibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

(Juiney 

Shannon 

Superior 

[Superior  &  Best.. 
Suix<rior  &  Pitts.. 

(Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.S.  sing,  fe  Ref.. 
U.S.Sm.&Ro.,pd. 

Utah  Ape.x 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandotte 


Clg. 


41 

J25 

17 

6 
J18 

5« 
59 

5J« 
69 
550 
16 

6 
66Si 

5^ 

lOX 
32 

2034 

2 

3« 

10 

7 

4 

'4 

36  , 

12S 
13 
78 
10 
15X 

67 

6 

3»ii 

%c 

28 
2X 

-<» 

122 


BOSTON  CURB  Sept.  IS 
Name  of  comp.     Bid. 


LONDON 
Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton'slnd. 
Camp  Bird.... 
Esi)(*ranza,... 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

OrovlUe 

Mexico  Mines 


Sept,  14 


Clg. 


£1  lOs 

Od 

0    3 

3 

112 

0 

2  13 

0 

016 

3 

1    6 

9 

0    6 

9 

9    0 

0 

Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mlues.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyi-tcolo 

Ciictus 

Calaveras 

Chauipii>u 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Eoservo 

First  Nat.  Cop 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas.. 

Oneeo 

Raveu  Copper 

Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shatiuck-Ariz 

Siuitli  Lake 

Superior  &  Glohe 

Trethewoy 

Tuolumuo  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


.16 

H^ 

mk 

.05 

1  IS 

5k' 

» 

t.20 

.48 

,06 

1!! 

'i* 

,28 
«X 

}21 

t»'A 

.18 

2S 
*>i 
.10 


Jl.asl   iiuolaliou. 


AND 

E[n]s 


.Y.T.Y^.Try.YIT.T^YTTrr.TAV. 


ENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHE  D       ^W  E  E  K  L  Y 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  ■%.  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary ■%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Engminjour,  N.  Y.  -%.  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
Qumbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
^co,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


7%^  ^...J^  ^ 

^ 

Y   ^^Vs^^^  B 

sW^ 

1  ^-^^^^^      *"■ 

^       s>O^V  1 

/fte^S^fc-'^^^^M]^^^^ 

''  ^^^ 

J'^n 

^3^^= 

^^x 

^ 

VOL.  go 


SEPTEMBER  24,  1910. 


in  Canada  ■%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  S8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  -%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  writt,;n  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ■%  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%<  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 

NO.  13 


VlltCVLA  TJU.\    STATEMEST 

liuring  lOOO  irr  printed  iiiHl  circiilatrd 
.:;i."iiiO  copicn  of  Thi:  KN(iixKKiax<i  and 
Mining    Journal. 

Srplrmbcr  :'• ll.iiOO 

Srptciiilicr  10 '.i.."ii)ii 

Hcptcmbir  17 ;i.."iii(i 

September  24 ;i.."iii(i 

Xone  sent  free  reijulurlij,  nu   bach-  numbers. 
\^{gurC8   fire    live^   net    eireuhiilnn. 


Contents 


rials 


revi^nlion  of  Mine  .\o'iik'nts 

1  he  tjliestion  of  l)pefatinj;  Costs 

At    the  Tui'iiiiig   I'fpiut.  . 

■iirrespondi-nce  aud   Itiscussion: 
U        I'onipari-inn     of    Smelting    Costs.... 
I         Stanilaiils  <if  Uoik.  .  .  .Coal  Dust  and 

D        Calcium    Cliloride 

I '  luestlons  antl   .\ns\vers 

.nniinl   Iteport  of  ilie  Ilomestake  Mining 

Company    

•eeliue  in   W'aihi  Shares 

allfoi-nia  (lil  Situation 

"etails   of    I'l-ai-tlcal    Mininj; : 

•I'rospecfors  Wooden  Ore  Car.  .  .  . 
•Vacuum  Ueceiver  for  Solutions.  .  .  . 
A  New  .Method  for  rnloadinj^  Kail- 
way  Ualls.  .  .  .♦The  I)ouliledei>  I'lunK- 
er. ..  .Concrete  liatli  Tuli  for  .Mine 
Mules....  "Simple  Carloadin-.;  Ar- 
ran[;ernent  ....  *Stora!;:e  r.in  (Jiites 
.  .  .  .Centennial-ICiireUa  Chute  I'ocket 
and  Cale.  .  .  .  *The  Miles  Tailings 
Stacker  for  I'se  on  Dredyes.  .  .  ..Mler- 
Inc  the  Capacity  of  a  Ulast  I'urnace 
aternatlimal    (Jeologlcal    Congress  at  Sloe 

holm Special  CnrrrMponilrnee 

Bedded    (!old    (Juartz    Veins    near    I'olo. 

Peru /','.    Coppri'    Thurslttn 

New   Mercury   Mineral 

ar   DIslriliiltion    lo    Coal    Mines. 

Witxhilliftfin    Comspfinilrnrr 
-    on    llie   Ceologv   of   Ihe   Undershnrg 

I  listricl.  .Montana Ii.  C.  Hard 

i    rark    District.    California. 

/.o.v  A  niirlex   Corrrspondenee 

■  '■  Uadlnm 

.■  I'ri'ventlon  of  Min'>  Accidents 

Nichols  Slime  Kilter 

iBiigas  in    Portable  Cylinders 

riie  Colloseus    Troeesa   for    Making   Slag 

lem.uil F.   A.   Talbot 

M    Itoad    Mine.    Arizona. 

SpeeiaJ    Correspondence 

I'nwei*  al   Niagara 

ing    al     N'ishni    Tagil    in     the    fral 

Mountains /'.   If.  Draper 

r   Kxplosives   in    lirilish    Coal    Mines 

i'cr-gen    Coal     Mining 

I'.rl«iuelling  in  Ilie  T'nlted  States.  .  . 
;ige  Hatiery  Extension  to  Colliery 
I'ower  Plant.  .Speritil  Correspondence 
i^llilllly    of    Coal    Dust. 

Washini/fon    Correspondence 
port    of  Coal   Tests    Made  liy   Canadian 

Kxperts Special   Corresptnidenee 

New   .\luminuin   Alloy 

itents   

irsonnl.  Ohlluary  and  Societies 

'lltorlal  Correspondence 

inlng  News 

irkels  

•niiislrnted. 


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.-|.'<.S 
5SS 


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5U0 

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.-iiii) 
.-.'.11 


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noi 
(io- 

(iiiT 
OILS 

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CO!) 

cm 

CK! 
1114 
1114 

014 

cir, 

C17 
017 

01s 
cm 

O'JO 

o;!2 
02s 


The  Prevention  of  Mine  Accidents 


Elsewhere  in  this  issue  we  publish  an 
abstract  of  a  report  recently  made  by  a 
committee  appointed  by  the  American  Min- 
ing Congress  for  the  consideration  of  uni- 
form legislation  for  the  purpose  of  the 
prevention  of  mine  accidents.  The  re- 
port of  the  comittee  is  accompanied  by 
two  appendices,  one  showing  statistically 
the  disgracefully  high  percentage  of  loss 
of  life  experienced  in  metal  mining  in 
this  country,  which  industry  is  at  least 
as  fatal  as  coal  mining,  and  probably  is 
more  fatal;  the  other  comprising  a  draft 
foi  a- law,  which  was,  of  course,  the  chief 
work  of  the  committee. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  draft,  the 
comrrtittee  recognized  fully  the  difficulty, 
and,  perhaps,  the  impossibility,  of  out- 
lining a  law  for  uniform  adoption  by  the 
mining  States,  which  would  be  of  equit- 
able operation  in  all.  The  conditions  of 
mining  in  this  great  country  are  so  di- 
verse that  measures  entirely  reasonable 
in  one  district  might  be  far  too  harsh  and 
vexatious  in  another.  Moreover,  there  arc 
many  districts  in  which  practices  of  min- 
ing, admittedly  dangerous,  have  become 
sn  deeply  ingrown,  that  any  enactment 
suddenly  rendering  them  illegal  cannot 
lightly  be  made. 

The  difficulties  of  drafting  a  uniform 
law  are  increased  by  some  of  our  con- 
stitutional limitations.  For  this  reason 
many  of  the  provisions  incorporated  in 
the  laws  of  foreign  countries  cannot  be 
introduced  here.  A  legislature  cannot 
delegate  its  right  to  legislate  and  the  au- 
thority of  the  mine  inspector  must  be 
carefully  prescribed  by  the  law.  It  is  con- 


sequently difficult  to  guard  by  legislation 
against  certain  dangers.  For  example, 
there  is  the  danger  of  opening  a  large 
stope  too  near  the  surface,  or  some  other 
working,  running  the  risk  of  a  break- 
through (an  accident  that  recently  hap- 
pened); or  in  open-cast  mining  of  work- 
ing men  alongside  of  a  bank  too  high  and 
too  steep,  exposing  them  to  the  danger  of 
a  slide.  The  entire  system  of  mining  by 
the  caving  system  is  subject  to  risks  that 
cannot  be  formulated  on  paper,  and.  in- 
deed, about  the  same  may  be  said  with 
respect  to  timbering  in  all  kinds  of  min- 
ing. We  are  not  yet  ready  to  clothe  our 
mine  inspectors  with  authority  to  order 
summarily  the  suspension  of  operations- 
that  in  their  opinion  may  be  dangerous, 
which  probably  could  he  done  under  the 
police  power,  and  consequently  the  com- 
mittee found  it  necessary  to  provide  for 
a  milder  and  slower  procedure  in  such 
contingencies.  A  consideration  of  these 
principles  will  probably  account  for  what 
at  first  sight  may  appear  to  be  omissions 
on  the  part  of  the  committee. 

However,  the  ideas  of  the  committee 
with  respect  to  legislation  are  certainly 
far  more  advanced  than  anything  exist- 
ing upon  our  statute  books  insofar  as 
metalliferous  mining  is  concerned.  The 
committee  proposes  no  mere  code  of  reg- 
ulations, offered  as  suggestions,  which 
may  be  obeyed  or  disobeyed  largely  at 
the  option  of  the  operator  and  miner,  but 
recommends  an  actual  law,  which  it 
thinks  will  be  effective,  specifically  fix- 
ing responsibility  and  providing  for  pen- 
alties for  non-compliance.  The  enforce- 
ment of  any  law  naturally  depends  upon 
the   means   therefor    provided,    and    the 


588 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


committee  is  consequently  of  the  opinion  or  even  more  skilful  metallurgical   work  tained  in  extraneous  fuel,  the  horsepower- 

that  the  essential  factor  toward  progress  than   another  that  produces  copper  at   a  hours    used,   the   proportion   of   fine   and 

16  the  provision  of  an  adequate  system  of  cost  of  eight  cents.   Unusually   low   per-  ooarse   material   and   many   other  factors 

m.ine    inspection.      We    may    safely    say  pound  costs  have   been  achieved   at  cer-  would   require   to  be   stated.     These   fac- 

that  at  the  present  time  this  is  not  pos-  tain  plants,  after  crediting  operating  costs  tors    are    so    numerous   that    to   state   all 

sesserl  by  any  metal-mining  State  in  this  with  the  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  con-  would    make    the    reports    of   most   com- 

countrv      If  the  report  of  the  committee  tents  of  the  ore,  but  the  latter  have  prac-  panics    too    involved    to    be    intelligently 

results  in  the  broadening  of  the  views  of  tically   no   effect   upon   the   operating  ex-  considered  by  the  directors  thereof.  Some 

legislators  in  this  respect,  much  will  be  penses.  of  the    factors,   however,   are   absolutely 
gained. 


The    Question    of  Operating  Costs 


Mr.  Browne's  suggestion  of  basing  con-  necessary  to  an   intelligent  consideration 

verter  costs  on   the   removal   of   iron   af-  of  the  character  of  the  metallurgical  work 

fords    a    suitable    comparison    of   operat-  performed.      It    would    be    interesting    to 

ing   costs   at   a   given   plant   but   like   the  learn    the    consensus    of    opinion    among 

method  in  common  use,  i.e.,  bas'ng  con-  metallurgists    as    to    the    most    practical 

That  there  is  a  feeling  among  mine  op-      yerting    costs    on    the    pound    of    copper  form  in  which  to  express  operating  costs 

erators   that   cost    records    should    be    so     converted,   is  open   to   the   objection   that  and  we  invite  our  readers  to  a  discussion 


kept  and  reported  as  to  permit  of  a  com- 
parison of  the  work  performed  is  evident 
from  the  recent  contributions  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  "Standards  of  Work."  The 
two  main  purposes  of  keeping  a  record 
of  the  cost  of  operation  at  mining  prop- 


it    does    not    afford    a    true    comparison  of   this   phase    of   metallurgical    work    in 

when  plants  are  operating  upon  different  connection  with  the  discussion  already  in 

grades  of  mattes,  the  high-grade  mattes  progress  upon  standards  of  mine  work, 

requiring  a  greater  proportionate  expense  


At  the  Turning  Point 


The    somewhat    oracular   statement    of 


for  blowing  from  white  metal  to  copper. 

The   opportunity   of  comparing   converter 

erties    are:    (1)    The    primary    objeci    of  ^osts  is  entirely   lost,  however,  if  an  at- 

determining     whether    the     operation     is  tempt    is    made    to    base    them    upon    the 

profitable;  and  (21  whether  the  operation  tonnage  of  ore  handled  in  the  smelting  Judge   Gary  as  to   the   purposes  of  the 

is  being  conducted  as  skilfully  and  eco-  ^ig^,  g^d  we  trust  that  some  of  the  read-  Steel  Corporation  in  the  present  situation 

nomically  as  possible  under  the  given  con-  g^g  ^f  the  Journal  will  offer  additional  of  the  iron  and  steel  markets,  given   on 

ditions.     From   a  glance   at  company   re-  suggestions  in  this  connection.  another  page,  seems  to  point  to  at  least 

ports,  it  is  evident  that  the  directors  are  [„  ,j,e  matter  of  smelting  costs,  there  a   partial   renewal   of   the    policy   of  two 

mainly   concerned   with   final   results  and  jg    ^t    present    little    coordination    in    the  years   ago.     The  price-maintenance   plan 

perhaps  comparisons  with  previous  years,  jepgrts   of  various   companies.      In   most  then   adhered   to  persistently   for  several 

This    policy    occasionally    bears    fruit    in  ^f  ^^le  company   reports  received   at  this  months  proved  a  failure  and  its  abandon- 

the  retention  of  obsolete  methods  which  office,  the  smelting  costs  are  reported  in  ment  was  followed  by  an  almost  immedi- 

a   visitor   with   a   fresh   viewpoint   readily  terms   of    cost    per   ton    of   ore    smelted,  ate  improvement  in  business..  The  change 

perceives    on    entering    some    old   mining  j^  number  of  companies  report  the   cost  was  so   striking   that   it   seemed   as   if  it 

district.      These    obsolete    and    expensive  pg^  ton  of  charge  smelted  and  while  this  would   prove     a    lesson    that    would    be 

methods   are    likely   to   continue    as   long  affords   a   better  comparison   it   does  not  heeded      in      the      future.        Apparently, 

as  the   cost   records  do   not   offer  means  gjyg   nmch   idea   of  the   character  of  the  however,    there    is    still    a    tendency    to 

of  determining   whetner  the  operation   is  metallurgical    work    unless    other    condi-  believe    in    the    possibility    of    regulating 

being  conducted  with  the  highest  technical  tigns  are  stated  or  known.     If  the  fluxing  markets  by  some  sort  of  "cooperative  ac- 

skill.     This  is   a   point   in   which   the   di-  conditions  require  a  difficultly  fusible  slag  (ion." 


rectors  of  a  mining  company  are  as  vital-  to  be  run,  it  is  evident  that  the  cost  per 

ly    interested    as    in    merely    showing    a  ton  of  charge  smelted  is  not  comparable 

p.-,j.itable   operating   expense    and    is,   in-  ^yjth   that   of  another  plant   where   fluxes 

deed,  in'  the  line  of  true  conservation.  may    be    cheaply    procured    to    make    a 

The  letter  of  David  H.  Browne  on  page  rapid-driving   slag.      Where   silica   is   the 

589  of  this  issue  calls  attention  to  a  point  principal    gangue   mineral   of   the    ore   to 

that    has    been    in    the    minds    of   metal-  be    smelted,    the    smelting    cost    may    be 

lurgists  for  many  years,  i.e.,  the  need  of  suitably    based    upon    the    ton    of    silica 

a   better   basis    for   smelting   costs.     The  fluxed.     This  situation   probably   prevails 

method  current  at  many  plants  of  basing  at  the  majority  of  plants  and  might  afford 

costs  upon  the  pound  of  metal  produced  a    suitable    basis,    but    there    are    many 

is  perhaps  a   satisfactory   and   necessary  pyritic  smelting  plants   and   some   rever- 

one    from   the   financial   viewpoint,  but   it  beratory  plants  where  there  is  an  excess 


Of  course,  it  is  possible  to  keep  up 
prices  to  a  certain  extent  by  such  cooper- 
ation, if  the  steel-making  interests  con- 
sent. The  other  side  of  the  question  is 
that  people  cannot  be  forced  to  buy  with- 
out the  inducement  of  lower  prices.  The 
investment  of  money  in  new  construction 
can  undoubtedly  be  checked  by  high 
quotations,  just  as  it  can  be  stimulated  by 
the  possibility  of  getting  cheap  material. 
It  is  commonly  believed  that  the  iron 
markets  now  are  in  a  position  to  turn 
either  way;  and  there  may  be  a  choice 

high 


is  entirely  inadequate  from  the  standpoint  of  iron   to  be  removed   and   the   silica   is 

of  the  operator,  as   It  gives  no   idea   of  the  expensive  flux  to  be  supplied  to  the  between      artificially      maintained 

the  character  of  the  metallurgical   work,  smelting  operations  and  in  this  case  the  pnces   and   idle  mills  on  the   one   hand, 

as  compared  with  other  plants.  One  prop-  basis  of  cost  might  be  reversed.  and  the  open  market  and  active  business 

erty   which   may  be  producing  copper  at  For  exhaustive  consideration,  the  num-  on  the  other.     There  is  little  doubt  as  to 

10c.  per  lb.  is  likely  to  have  as  efficient  ber  of  labor  hours,  the  heat  units  con-  which  would  be  the  judicious  course. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


589 


Comparison  of  Smelting  Costs 


What  constilutes  good  smelting  prac- 
tice? It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  cheap 
production  of  metal  is  no  criterion  of  ex- 
cellence. A  smeltery  producing  copper  for 
seven  cents  per  pound  may  be  poorly 
managed  in  comparison  with  another 
whose  costs  are  10c.  The  richness  of  the 
ore.  the  quantity  ot  tlux  and  coke  re- 
quired, the  price  of  labor,  the  cost  of 
fieight — all  these  must  be  considered  in 
criticizing  a  cost  sheet.  A  dollar  is  no 
fixed  standard.  We  must  get  behind  ih: 
dollar  to  some  uniform  basis  of  com- 
parison. 

Take,  for  example,  costs  of  converter 
work.  We  cannot  base  these  costs  on  a 
ton  of  ore  smelted,  because  ore  as  such  is 
not  the  material  treated  in  the  converter. 
At  one  mine  it  may  take  50  tons  and  at 
another,  15  tons  of  ore  to  make  a  ton  of 
copper.  We  cannot  vse  a  ton  of  copper 
produced  as  a  standard  of  comparison, 
because  one  may  be  treating  a  25  per 
:cnt.  matte,  while  another  is  blowing  40 
I'er  cent,  matte. 

Re.moval  of  Iron  as  Basis  of  Con- 
i  VERTING  Costs 

Evidently  we  must  get  back  to  the  func- 
ion  of  the  converter,  which  is  the  re- 
Tioval  of  iron,  and  incidentally  of  sul- 
>hur.  Basing  the  costs  on  a  ton  of  iron 
ilown  out,  gives  a  much  better  compari- 
■on  than  any  method  at  present  in  use. 
entering  into  these  costs  are  labor, 
Kiwer,  silica,  repairs,  etc.  We  cannot 
ompare  the  cost  of  labor  in  Montana 
'  ith  that  in  Mexico,  but  we  can  compare 

number  of  labor  hours  used  to  effect 

certain  amount  of  progress.     We  canncf 

'  'Tipare  cost  of  compressed  air.  because 

n  one  case  the  air  may  be  compressed  ^y 

'le  use  of  expensive  fuel,  and  in  another 

•  by  cheap  water  power,  but  we  can 
iipare  the  horsepower-hours  used  in 
ither  case.  So  also  we  cannot  compare 
'le  cost  of  repairs  as  such,  but  if  we  con- 
ider  these  repairs  as  a  percentage  of  the 
riginal  cost  of  installation,  then  the 
melter  who  keeps  the  installation  in  or- 
'.T  for  5  per  cent,  of  its  original  cost  is 
(ling  better  work  than  one  using  10  per 
ent.,  even  if  the  actual  money  expended 
e  greater  in  the  first  case. 

Bases  for  Smelting  Costs 

In  cupola  smelting  also  we  can  make  a 
litter  comparison  by  considering  what 
lie  purpose  of  the  cupola  is.  The  cupo!a 
Kists  solely   in  order  to   remove   certain 


I  e  fuse  from  the  ore.  It  is  simply  a  slag 
machine.  We  can  run  this  slag  machine 
with  fuel  already  present  in  the  ore  as 
sulphur  and  iron,  or  we  can  supply  for- 
eign fuel  in  the  form  of  coke.  In  any 
case  a  certain  number  of  kilo-calories,  or 
other  heat  units,  are  expended.  So  also 
a  certain  number  of  labor  hours,  and  a 
percentage  of  repairs  and  -supplies  enter 
into  the  cost  of  cupola  work. 

'It  seems  as  if  mutual  agreement  could 
be  made  among  metallurgists  to  compare 
results  on  standard  units  of  measurement. 
Ill  this  way  many  fallacies  would  be  re- 
moved, and  a  sounder  criticism  would  ob- 
tain. We  could  also  secure  publication  of 
data  now  kept  secret  because  of  reluct- 
ance to  disclose  the  costs  of  work.  Let  us 
get  rid  of  the  idea  that  cost  is  any  criter- 
ion of  excellence.  I  grant  that  smelting 
plants  are  built  to  make  money,  but 
money  alone  is  no  standard  of  value,  or 
of  skill  in  metallurgical  practice. 

David  H.  Browne. 
Copper  Cliff,  Ont.,  Sept.  15,  1910. 


Standards    of  Work 


On  seeing  Mr.  Dolbear's  letter  in  the 
Journal  of  Sept.  3,  1910,  under  the  above 
title,  I  hoped  to  find  some  figures  follow- 
ing the  suggestion  previously  made  by 
Mr.  Oke.  Instead,  he  throws  cold  water 
on  the  idea.  What  his  purpose  may  be 
is  hard  to  see,  but  it  appears  to  me  that 
he  has  missed  the  point.  All  Mr.  Dol- 
bear  says  is  true  enough,  but  when  I  ask 
one  of  my  men  how  many  cars  he  can 
shovel  and  tram  in  a  day,  if  his  name 
begins  with  D  he  informs  me  that  that 
depends  on  how  many  times  his  car 
jumps  the  track,  whether  he  has  an  old 
or  a  new  shovel,  whether  he  ate  ham  and 
eggs  or  griddle  cakes  for  breakfast,  etc., 
all  of  which  is  true  enough;  but  if  his 
name  begins  with  any  other  letter  he 
replies  that  he  can  shovel  and  tram 
somewhere  between  16  and  24  cars  per 
shift,  and  I  am  satisfied  with  his  answer. 

What  Constitutes  a  Shift's  Work? 

In  various  mining  camps  there  are 
various  standards  of  work  adhered  to  by 
the  men.  In  one  camp  where  square 
setting  is  used,  it  is  considered  two 
shifts'  work  for  a  pair  of  men  to  break 
down  enough  ground  for  a  square  set  and 
to  put  the  same  in."  Sometimes  they  do 
not  succeed  in  getting  this  done,  but  if 
all  goes  well  and  they  finish  this  before 
the    usual    time,   they    do    not    undertake 


to  do  more.  A  pair  of  trammers  tram- 
ming waste  for  filling  from  a  chute  al- 
ways report  40  cars  as  the  shift's  work. 
In  another  camp  a  hand  driller  con- 
siders four  holes  a  shift's  work.  If  the 
rock  is  medium  or  soft  he  puts  these  in 
2;/.  or  3  ft.  deep.  If  the  rock  is  quite 
hard  the  holes  are  shorter;  if  quite  soft 
he  gets  these  earlier  but  practically  never 
puts  in  a  fifth  hole.  The  mucker  con- 
siders it  a  shift's  work  to  shovel  the 
round  broken  by  the  previous  shift 
whether  it  be  much  or  little.  The  ma- 
chine men  consider  it  their  duty  to  put  in 
a  3- ft.  round,  and  regulate  the  work  they 
do  by  the  conditions.  In  another  mine 
where  stoping  is  done  by  2;  .-in.  piston 
machines  (Golden  Cycle),  each  machine 
man  is  expected  to  put  in  five  5-ft.  holes 
per  shift.  Thus  for  all  classes  of  miners 
there  is  a  standard  of  work  set  in  each 
camp. 

If  some  of  the  subscribers  to  the 
Journal  would  be  generous  with  data, 
even  though  it  may  seem  commonplace 
to  themselves,  instead  of  writing  general 
discussions  on  the  subject,  I  think  some 
other  mine-superintendent  and  manager 
subscribers  would  feel  indebted  to  them. 
Mine  Superintendent. 

Silverton,    Colo.,    Sept.    17,    1910. 


Coal  Dust  and  Calcium    Chloride 


In  the  Journal  of  July  Hi,  page  130, 
Floyd  Parsons  refers  to  the  use  of  cal- 
cium chloride  for  laying  dust  in  coal 
mines.  In  this  connection,  I  may  say  that 
calcium  chloride  has  already  been  tried 
for  a  similar  purpose,  and  failed.  In 
1875  Doctor  Dammer.  of  Berlin,  recom- 
mended it  for  freeing  roads  from  dust, 
but  the  roads  treated  with  it  remained  as 
dusty  as  ever.  The  reason  it  is  expected 
to  lay  dust  is  that  it  is  hygroscopic,  but 
because  it  is  hygroscopic  it  read- 
ily becomes  a  solution,  and  when  in 
solution  it  is  easily  decomposed.  Ferrous 
sulphate  soon  decomposes  it,  so  do  di- 
lute sulphuric  acid,  magnesium  sulphate, 
copper  sulphate,  sodium  carbonate,  potas- 
sium oxalate,  sodium  phosphate,  ferric 
aluminate,  and  many  others.  Mr.  Belger, 
of  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  in  the  course  of 
his  researches  on  the  ankylostoma,  found 
that  a  25  per  cent,  solution  of  CaCh, 
poured  on  a  sample  of  crushed  rock  from 
the  bottoms  of  three  different  mines  at 
25  deg.  C,  lost  85  per  cent,  of  its  CaCI.. 
in  48  hours. 

Even   while   it  remains  undecomposed 


590 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


and  hygroscopic,  it  may  do  more  harm 
than  good.  For  when  only  a  little  mois- 
ture is  present,  the  CaCL  may  absorb  it 
all  and  leave  none  to  lay  the  dust.  In- 
deed, it  is  to  produce  dryness  that  labor- 
atory chemists  put  it  inside  the  cases  of 
their  balances. 

Mr.  Parsons  also  says  that  calcium 
chloride  harms  iron  and  steel  only  a  third 
as  much  as  plain  water  does.  This  is 
doubtful.  Water  gives  iron  a  coating  of 
oxide  which  serves  as  a  partial  protection 
against  further  oxidation.  Calcium  chlor- 
ide forms  iron  chloride,  which  does  not 
accumulate  in  this  visible  way,  but  weak- 
ens the  iron  quite  as  much.  The  effect  of 
the  chlorides  is  illustrated  by  the  fact 
that  iron  disappears  as  fast  on  a  sea- 
beach  as  on  a  riverside. 

It  is  also  doubtful  if  calcium  chloride 
would  be  harmless  to  miners.  It  has  a 
drying  and  irritating  effect  on  the  skin, 
especially  the  perspiring  skin,  and  it 
would  hurt  the  blisters  which  mine  ponies 
often  have  above  the  heel.  It  might,  how- 
ever, be  useful  underground  for  another 
purpose,  that  of  making  wood  less  in- 
flammable. 

Caldwell  Harper. 

Nenthead,  Cumberland,  Eng.,  Sept.  14, 
1910. 


the  ore  treated  contained  2.30  per  cent, 
molybdenite,  and  the  tailings  0.06,  and 
concentrates  51.57  per  cent,  molybdenum. 

Tripoli 

I  should  like  some  information  on  the 
formation,  market  value,  mining,  prepara- 
tion, cost  of  production  and  various  uses 
of  tripoli,  a  "silicious  ooze"  derived  from 
the  skeletons  of  animals  that  existed  dur- 
ing the  Tertiary  period.  C.  B.  F. 

Tripoli,  correctly  termed,  is  a  substance 
consisting  of  decomposed  impure  lime- 
stone, extensively  used  as  a  polishing  ma- 
terial. The  name  is  also  frequently  given 
10  any  kind  of  silicious  material  and  espe- 
cially to  infusorial  silica.  The  best  grades 
are  quoted  at  l.''<;c.  per  lb.  in  barrels  and 
retails  at  l'_>c.  per  lb.  In  regard  to  mar- 
keting and  preparation  a  specialist  should 
be  consulted. 


?]|questiqns-'^answers1|TH 


Insoluble  Anodes 

Do  you  know  of  any  form  of  insoluble 
anode  used  successfully  in  extracting 
copper  from  solutions  by  electrolysis? 
Do  you  know  of  any  recent  anode  that 
hns  proved  successful,  say,  in  sulphuric 
or  hydrochloric  acid  solutions? 

H.  C.  C. 

Lead  anodes  are  successfully  used  in 
electrolytic  copper  work  for  removing 
excess  copper  from  the  electrolyte.  Sul- 
phuric and  hydrochloric  acids  have  but 
little  effect  upon  lead.  In  the  manufac- 
ture of  nascent  chlorine  and  caustic  pot- 
ash, insoluble  anodes  and  cathodes  are 
used.  Information  relative  to  the  latter 
might  be  secured  from  the  Niagara  Alka- 
line Company,  Niagara  Falls,  New  York. 

Concentrating  Molybdenite  Ore 
In  reference  to  the  discussion  of  the 
concentration  of  molybdenite  ores,  in  tne 
Journal  of  Aug.  6.  1910,  page  248,  au- 
ditional  information  has  been  sent  in  by 
the  Ore  Concentration  Company  (1905), 
Ltd.,  of  London,  Eng.  This  company  as 
yet  has  no  plant  at  work  on  molybdenite 
ore,  but  states  that  a  number  of  tests 
giving  excellent  results  have  been  made 
at  its  works.  Treating  a  feldspar  contain- 
ing 3.40  per  cent,  molybdenum,  an  ex- 
traction of  93.2  per  cent,  was  made,  the 
tailings  assaying  0.25  and  concentrates 
40.80  per  cent.  In  another  experiment 
on  ore,  the  gangue  of  which  contained 
magnetite  and  much  garnet,  an  extraction 
of  98.1  per  cent,  was  made.     In  this  case 


Annual    Report    of    the  Homestake 
Mining  Company 


In  the  annual  report  of  the  Homestake 
Mining  Company  for  the  year  ended  June 
1,  1910,  T.  J.  Grier,  superintendent,  gives 
brief  information  on  the  operations  of 
the  company,  and  the  secretary,  Fred 
Clark,  gives  a  financial  statement  show- 
ing the  receipts  and  disbursements. 

Mining  Operations  Temporarily  Stop- 
ped on  Account  of  Strike 

Mr.  Grier  states  that  everything  con- 
nected with  the  operations  and  develop- 
ment of  the  property  ran  smoothly  until 
Nov.  24,  1909,  when  there  was  a  cessa- 
tion of  all  work,  excepting  that  on  the 
hydroelectric  power  plant  on  Spearfish 
creek,  due  to  the  refusal  of  union  men 
to  work  with  nonunion  men.  On  Jan.  9, 
1910,  operations  were  resumed  at  limited 
capacity  with  nonunion  labor  and  on 
March  3,  full  capacity  was  reached  and 
continued  with  operatives  of  that  per- 
suasion. 

Ore    to    Run     Mills     for    20    Years 
Developed 

During  the  year  there  were  excavated 
157  ft.  of  raises,  14,239  ft.  of  drifts  and 
35  ft.  of  shaft.  In  the  mine  1,824,623 
tons  of  ore  were  broken.  It  is  also  stated 
that  enough  ore  was  blocked  out,  but 
left  unbroken,  to  supply  the  1000  stamps 
for  20  years,  but  no  figures  are  given 
to  support  this  statement.  No  informa- 
tion is  given  in  the  report  as  to  extrac- 
tions obtained  in  the  milling  operations. 
The  average  value  realized  from  the  ore 
milled  is  stated  as  S3.6357  per  ton. 

Eighty-two  per  cent,  of  the  24,000  ft. 
of  water-conduit  tunnel  on  Spearfish 
creek  for  the  hydroelectric  power  plant 
has  been  excavated  and  the  intake  dam 
is  well  under  way.  Lining  the  tunnel  bot- 
tom, sides  and  roof  with  concrete  where 
needed  will  soon  start  and  bids  for  pow- 


er-house equipment,  etc.,  have  been  in- 
vited. 

Dividends  for  Year  in  Excess  ofProfits 
Realized 

The  secretary's  figures  show  that  a  bal- 
ance of  S677,389  was  carried  over  from 
the  previous  year.  Ore  milled  netted 
S4,498,751,  and  the  receipts  for  the  year 
were  augmented  by  $78,856  from  the 
foundry,  $19,395  from  wood  sales,  and 
various  other  minor  sums  bringing  the 
total  receipts  up  to  $5,298,623.  Divi- 
dends aggregating  $982,800  were  paid 
the  share  holders  (nine  payments  of  50c. 
per  share  each).  $282,044  spent  on  the 
Spearfish  installation  and  $3,552,030  for 
operating  costs.  The  balance  at  the  end 
of  the  year  after  deducting  all  disburse- 
ments was  $481,748,  the  actual  profits  for 
the  year  therefore  figuring  $787,160  or 
$195,640  less  than  was  distributed. 

Operations  Netted  86c.  Per  Ton  of  Ore 
Milled 

Figuring  the  segregated  costs  per  ton 
of  ore  milled  from  the  total  costs  shown 
in  the  report,  not  including  that  for  the 
Spearfish  hydroelectric  plant  and  the 
amount  paid  in  dividends,  th  following 
figures  are  obtained:  Expense  at  hoist- 
ing plants  and  shafts,  .S0.265;  mining, 
$1,473;  cyaniding,  $0,148;  regrinding, 
$0,015;  milling.  $0,219;  slimes  treatment, 
SO.  126;  total,  $2,246.  To  this,  however, 
must  be  added  $0,626,  which  item  repre- 
sents the  cost  charge  per  ton  for  other 
expenses.  (In  this  connection  should 
be  noted  the  rather  extraordinary  item 
of  $240,263  for  general  expense.)  This 
brings  the  total  cost  per  ton  of  ore  milled 
to  $2,872  and  means  that  a  profit  of  about 
76c.  per  ton  of  ore  milled  was  realized 
directly  from  the  ore  and  lOc.  additional 
from  other  sources  of  revenue. 

A  segregation  of  the  total  mining  cost 
of  $1,473  per  ton  shows  that  labor  consti- 
tuted 77.3  per  cent,  of  the  expense;  pow- 
der, 8.9;  machinery,  6.3;  timber  and 
lumber,  3.9;  sundries,  2.3,  and  candles 
0.6  per  cent.  The  cost  of  coal,  coke,  oil, 
paid  for  damages,  etc.,  constituted  the  re- 
mainder of  the  mining  cost. 


Decline  in  Waihi  Shares 


London  Correspondence 


The  most  notable  occurrence  in  the 
mining  market  lately  in  London  has  been 
the  fall  from  favor  of  the  Waihi  mine, 
the  reason  being  that,  following  upon 
the  statement  in  the  last  annual  report 
that  the  value  of  the  ore  reserves  was 
somewhat  lower  than  that  of  the  ore 
crushed  last  year,  a  further  official  state- 
ment has  been  issued  within  the  last 
few  days,  intimating  that  the  grade  of  the  .i 
ore  now  to  be  crushed  will  be  gradually  n. 
brought  down,  until  at  some  time  before 


September  24.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


591 


the  end  of  the  year,  the  value  of  the  out- 
put per  four  weeks  will  be  £68.000  in  the 
place  of  £74,000,  at  which  it  has  lately 
been  maintained. 

This  drop  does  not  appear  in  itself  to 
be  of  great  e.xtent,  but  it  must  be  remem- 
bered that  it  will  for  all  practical  purposes 
amount  to  a  deduction  of  about  £50,- 
000  per  year  from  the  profits,  because 
with  the  amount  of  ore  to  be  crushed 
remaining  the  same,  the  expenses  will 
continue  as  before.  In  addition  also,  the 
public  sees  in  these  statements  confirma- 
tion that  lower  grade  ore  is  being  met 
with  in  depth  and  that  the  possibilities  of 
the  future  become  correspondingly  con- 
tracted. 

Percentage    of    Security    in    Ore    Re- 
serves Increased  to  50  Per  Cent 

In  the  Journal  of  July  23,  1910,  com- 
ment was  made  upon  the  comparatively 
low  proportion  of  security  which  the 
profit  in  sight  gave  to  the  market  value 
of  these  shares  as  they  stood  then,  this 
proportion  being  only  35  per  cent.  It  has 
now  to  be  remarked  that  the  fall  in  the 
market  va.ae  has  been  such  that  the 
profit  in  sight  and  other  securities  repre- 
sent now  about  50  per  cent.,  a  position 
which  is  certainly  more  justifiable,  but 
though  purchase  at  present  prices  would 
yield  interest  at  about  12  per  cent.,  it 
cannot  yet  be  said  that  there  is  much  at- 
traction toward  such  purchase. 

Since  the  commencement  of  working, 
in  the  year  1890.  the  value  of  the  annual 
output  has  regularly  increased  to  that 
of  £970,034  for  last  year,  and  the  de- 
parture from  this  regularity  which  will 
in  all  probability  occur  this  year,  will 
therefore  be  the  first.  Under  the  circum- 
stances it  is  natural  to  ask  whether  this 
step  marks  the  passage  of  the  zenith  in 
this  mine's  life,  or  whether  it  marks 
merely  a  halt  while  the  proper  base  for  a 
further  advance  is  secured. 

Review  of  the  Various  Zones  of  the 
Mine 

The  sequence  of  values  met  with  in  de- 
scending enters  largely  into  this  question, 
and  a  consideration  of  the  variations 
which  have  occurred  becomes  of  the  first 
importance.  It  was  found  that  when  the 
sulphide  zone  was  reached,  the  ore  was 
better  both  in  gold  and  silver  than  it  was 
nearer  the  surface;  and  now  below  this 
richer  zone  the  contents  are  diminishing 
again.  It  would  appear  likely  that  this 
sequence  represents  (1)  the  poorer  im- 
mediate outcrop;  (2)  the  zone  of  sec- 
ondary enrichment;  and  (3)  the  zone  of 
primary  ore.  It  is  upon  the  latter 
and  upon  the  extent  of  the  orebodies 
in  that  zone  that  the  future  life  of  the 
mine  depends.  It  may  be  hazarded  that 
the  next  developments  in  more  completely 
leaving  the  zone  of  secondary  enrich- 
ment, may  even  strengthen  the  presen.' 
depression  but  there  is  always  hope  that 
in  greater  depth  better  ore  may  again  be 


obtained,  though  the  possibility  of  return- 
ing to  the  favored  position  of  the  past 
may  be  said  to  be  excluded,  that  is,  in  so 
far  as  the  present  known  orebodies  are 
concerned. 


California    Oil  Situation 

Los  Angeles  Correspondence 

The  situation  in  the  California  oil  in- 
dustry is  becoming  intensely  interesting. 
While  the  matter  of  the  laws  governing 
the  disposition  of  government  oil  lands  is 
being  discussed  earnestly  at  meetings  of 
various  bodies  of  oil  men,  the  price  of  oil 
has  again  become  a  subject  of  grave  im- 
portance. Until  quite  recently  the  price 
of  oil  has  been  50c.  per  bbl.,  but  reports 
now  come  of  large  contracts  at  prices  as 
low  as  30c.  per  bbl.  These  reports  can- 
not all  be  verified  but  it  is  known  that  the 
Standard  and  Associated  companies  are 
buying  oil  in  the  field  for  30c.  and  that 
they  have  cut  the  price  of  daily  runs  in 
the  northern  fields.  It  is  known  also  that 
these  concerns  are  in  need  of  oil;  on  the 
other  hand  the  Independent  and  Union 
agencies  have  a  large  surplus  and  arc 
fighting  to  keep  the  price  up. 

Large  Storage  Undertaking  by  Inde- 
pendent Agency 

It  is  stated  in  a  letter  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Independent  Oil  Pro- 
ducers' Agency  that  arrangements  are  at 
once  to  be  made  for  the  construction  nf 
rein  forced-concrete  storage  for  15.000.000 
bbl.  This  is  the  largest  storage  undertak- 
ing in  the  history  of  the  California  oil  in- 
dustry. Although  the  Standard's  reser- 
voirs in  the  Kern  River  fields  have  a  ca- 
pacity in  excess  of  15.000,000  bbl.,  these 
are  made  of  puddled  earth  and  are  sub- 
ject to  constant  loss  through  seepage.  An- 
other point  of  interest  in  this  fetter  is  the 
indication  that  the  demand  for  storage 
room  will  increase  despite  the  active  cam- 
paign for  the  sale  of  oil.  Whether  or  not 
this  selling  campaign  will  result  in  a  fur-  ■ 
ther  cut  in  the  price  of  oil  is  a  matter  of 
speculation. 

General  conditions  point  toward  a  cur- 
tailment of  development  and  slightly 
lower  prices  for  some  months  to  come,  al- 
though it  is  not  probable  that  prices  will 
decline  to  the  point  where  it  will  be  impos- 
sible for  operators  to  make  a  small  profit. 
It  is  probable  that  a  period  of  lower  prices 
will  help  the  industry  by  extending  the 
market,  and  increased  sales  w-ill  have  the 
effect  of  balancing  the  amount  of"  cash 
handled  in  the  industry. 

Legislation  Movements 

Two  organizations  have  been  effected 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  legislation 
that  will  relieve  the  present  unsettled  con- 
dition of  affairs.  The  Bakersfield  organi- 
zation, known  as  the  California  Oil  Men, 
is   working   harmoniously  to    accomplish 


this  end.  A  committee  of  32,  represent- 
ing the  10  oilfields  of  the  State,  has  been 
appointed  and  will  meet  in  a  few  days  o 
determine  upon  the  best  course  to  pursue. 
The  majority  of  members  of  this  organiz- 
ation are  opposed  to  "conservation." 

The  meetings  of  the  Western  Oil  Pro- 
ducers' Association,  organized  some  time 
ago  in  Los  Angeles,  has  had  several 
rather  stormy  meetings.  At  the  last  meet- 
ing, when  the  names  of  the  directors 
elected  through  balloting  by  mail  were 
announced,  it  developed  that  those  com- 
prising the  board  were  in  nearly  every 
case  anti-conservationists.  Amid  much  ex- 
cited discussion  the  secretary  of  the  or- 
ganization withdrew  his  name  from  the 
membership  roll,  declaring  that  he  could 
not  be  of  further  use  to  a  body  holding 
views  so  radically  different  from  those 
held  by  him.  Only  30  out  of  a  total  mem- 
bership of  over  100  attended  this  meet- 
ing. Many  operators  are  members  of  both 
of  the  above  organizations,  and  an  at- 
tempt will  be  made  to  bring  them  together 
in  the  interests  of  the  common  cause. 

New  Gusher  in  Midway  Field 
In  the  meantime  the  producing  capacity 
of  the  oilfields  is  daily  growing,  although 
the  output  shows  little  change  owing  to  a 
curtailment  by  several  of  the  larger  com- 
panies. Well  No.  79  of  the  American 
Oilfields  Company  (Midway  field)  is 
gushing  with  renewed  force  and  is  now 
flowing  more  than  25,000  bbl.  per  day. 
During  the  last  few  days  this  company 
has  brought  in  another  gusher  in  well  No. 
56.  This  well  was  completed  about  one 
month  ago  and  is  now  flowing  15.000  bbl. 
per  day.  The  next  largest  producer.  No. 
68,  is  flowing  6000  bbl.  Well  No.  1  of 
the  Consolidated  Midway,  in  the  Midway 
field,  is  under  complete  control  by  two  10- 
in.  gate  valves,  and  is  being  held  down 
to  about  one-half  capacity.  With  open 
valves  this  well  is  capable  of  flowing  60,- 
000  bbl.  per  day.  Three  other  wells,  all 
being  drilled  in  gusher  territory,  are  due 
to  come  within  the  next  30  days.  This 
company  has  five  new  wells  going  down 
in  the  Kern  River  fields.  The  great  Lake- 
view  gusher  of  the  Union  Oil  Company 
has  gradually  decreased  its  output  to  be- 
tween 17,000  and  18,000  bbl.  per  day. 
Wells  Nos.  14  and  17  have  been  brought 
in  as  water  producers,  each  flowing  20,- 
000  bbl.  per  day. 

New  District  South  of  Bakersfield 
A  new  oil  district  has  been  opened  a 
few  miles  south  of  Bakersfield,  on  prop- 
erty formerly  owned  by  the  Midway 
Union  Oil  Company.  The  new  company 
will  be  called  the  San  Emidio  Oil  Com- 
pany and  it  is  reported  that  it  will  be 
backed  by  the  Pittsburg  Oil  Company.  No 
plans  have  been  made  public  but  a  great 
amount  of  supplies  have  been  ordered. 
The  necessary  buildings  are  in  course  of 
construction  and  five  drilling  rigs  are  be- 
ing erected. 


592 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as'A!' "^  jJc^CSvl 
Large  Mines.      Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining  ^"^^^"^-.r-^b 


Prospectors  Wooden  Ore  Car 


By  Oscar  G.  Galloher* 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  sim- 
ple and  easily  constructed  car  which  is 
used  in  some  parts  of  the  Cobalt  district 
tj  carry  the  bucket  from  a  prospect  shaft 
tj  the  dump.  The  only  metal  parts  used 
are  two  pieces  of  "s-in.  drill  steel  about 
24  in.  long,  and  four  iron  bands  4  in. 
in  diameter  and  1  in.  wide.  The  remain- 
der of  the  car  is  made  of  spruce.  The 
body  of  the  car  is  about  30  in.  wide  and 
40  in.  long.  It  consists  of  a  frame  of 
four  2.\6-in.  pieces  fitted  together  by  in- 


DriU  steel 


^^S^fi^^a^S^^^f^'^S^y^^^^i^iii^f^^i'^m 


Prospectors'  Modern  Ore  Car 

terlocking  joints  with  a  floor  of  flattened 
poles  laid  on  it. 

An  important  feature  of  the  car  is  the 
wheels.  These  are  made  of  logs  8  in.  in 
diameter  and  20  in.  long,  cut  as  shown 
in  the  illustration.  A  hole  is  bored 
through  the  center  of  each  log  and  a  drill 
steel  inserted  to  act  as  an  axle.  The  iron 
bands  are  placed  around  the  ends  as 
shown. 

The  car  runs  on  a  track  of  squared 
poles.  A  section  of  this  track  is  also 
laid  on  the  trap  door  of  the  shaft,  so  that 
when  the  bucket  is  raised  the  car  may 
be  run  in  under  it.  The  bucket  is  then 
lowered  to  the  car,  run  out  and  dumped. 
This  car  is  easily  made  and  saves  the 
ininer  some  heavy  packing  over  bad  trails. 


•HnlIoyI>uiy.    Out. 


Vacuum  Receiver  for  Solutions 
By  H.  T.  DuRANT* 


The  vacuum  receiver  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying sketch  may  be  constructed 
easily  and  quickly.  The  receiver  is  set 
between  the  tank  (or  whatever  vessel 
holds  the  water  which  is  to  be  drained 
off)  and  the  vacuum  air  pump.  The  fit- 
tings and  connections  ordinarily  are  of 
iion,  but  lead  or  bronze  may  be  used  if 
the  solution  passing  into  the  receiver  is 
acid.  In  fact,  in  this  case,  the  whole 
of  the  internal  iron  must  be  covered  with 
lead. 

The  receiver  is  an  ordinary  wooden 
cylinder  closed  at  both  ends.  It  is  stiff- 
ened axially  by  a  pipe  stay  with  flange  on 
each  end,  suitably  fastened  to  the  ends 
of  the  cylinder.     The  staves  or  sides  of 


One  can  prevent  the  lead  collapsing  in- 
ternally under  reduced  internal  pressure, 
if  it  be  arranged  that  the  vacuum  air 
pump  suck  from  both  sides  of  the  lead 
at  the  same  time,  so  as  to  get  the  same 
pressure  on  each  side  of  the  lead  lining. 
This  is  effected  by  a  small  branch  from 
the  suction  of  the  vacuum  pump  con- 
necting with  the  space  betweerr  the  iron 
shell  and  the  lead  lining. 


A  New   Method  for  Unloading 
Railway  Rails 


By  E.  a.  Wallace 

One  of  the  best  methods  for  rail  un- 
loading is  to  use  an  ordinary  push  car 
fitted  with  a  rail  bent  to  an  inverted-V 
shape.  This  rail  is  fastened  to  the  push 
car  at  an  angle  of  45  deg.  with  the  hori- 


I,                   Eellel  Valt 
2  Solution             a                     ir^ 
\Inlet  a-       ■■    a.^-,^-^ =i 


^^^Pri;5sure  Gage 

'0f  Covered  all  over  Outside  , 

/         with  0  Lb.  Lead 


Side  Sectioti 


r;,.  En,jir, 


2  SuctioD  Pipe* 
[or  tc.xliaust  Air^ 


3  Discharge  Valve 
for  Solution 


Connection  to 
Tacuum-Air  Pump 

Vacuum  Receiver  for  Solutions 


End 


the  receiver  are  kept  in  position  by 
wrought-iron  rings,  recessed  about  one- 
quarter  of  an  inch  in  the  staves. 

Frame  of  Wood,   Lead  Lined,  Enables 
Receiver  to  Be  Cheaply  Built 

The  outside  is  covered  by  a  shell  of 
five-pound  lead,  with  all  joints  to  the 
connections  entering  the  receiver  lead 
burnt,  so  that  they  are  absolutely  air- 
tight. For  this  reason,  as  long  as  the 
timber  is  good,  the  actual  workmanship 
on  the  joints  in  the  staves  and  ends 
can  be  rough.  This  receiver  is  superior 
to  the  usual  iron-  or  steel-plate  cylinder, 
as  its  cost  is  less,  it  withstands  acids 
which  do  not  affect  lead,  and  can  easily 
be  built  upon  the  spot. 

In  certain  cases  it  is  essential  to  have 
an  iron  receiver  lined  inside  with  lead.  It 
is  not  necessary,  however,  that  the  lead 
lining  should  be  in  close  contact  with 
the  iron  receiver,  but  it  should  be  con- 
centric with  and  conform  to  the  shape 
of  the  iron  cylinder,  although  supported 
a  short  distance  from  the  iron. 


•MInins    and    jrptallni-Klral    riiih.    St.    Ei- 
inlns.  Wr.stmlnstpv.  S.  W..   London. 


zontal,  and  the  push  car  is  attached  to 
the  rail  car  with  the  point  of  the  V-rail 
forward. 

As  the  rail  train  moves  slowly  ahead, 
the  hook  end  of  a  rope  is  caught  into  the 
bolt  hole  in  a  rail  on  the  car  and  the 
clamp  at  the  other  end  of  the  rope  is 
dropped  over  the  head  of  the  track  rail, 
causing  a  rail  to  be  dragged  from  the  car 
and  deflected  to  the  outside  of  the  track 
by  the  V-rail  on  the  push  car.  In  prac- 
tice, as  described  in  Engineering-Con- 
tracting. Aug.  10,  1910,  two  rails  are  un- 
loaded at  once,  one  on  each  side,  and 
with  four  ropes  the  operation  is  con- 
tinuous, one  pair  of  ropes  being  detached 
and  carried  forward  as  the  other  pair  is 
pulling  two  rails  from  the  car. 

By  this  method  eleven  men  are  re- 
quired to  unload  the  rails  without  stop- 
ping the  car:  one  man  on  the  car  with 
a  lining  bar  to  free  the  rails;  one  man  on 
the  ground  to  straighten  out  any  rails 
lying  in  a  dangerous  position;  eight  men, 
two  to  each  rope,  do  the  unloading,  and 
one  man  on  the  push  car  fastens  the 
hook  into  the  holt  holes. 

An  objection  to  this  method  lies  in  the 


<• 


September  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


593 


fact  that  when  one  car  has  been  unloaded 
it  must  be  either  side-tracked  or  the  push 
car  must  be  carried  around  in  front  of  it. 
From  several  records  of  unloading  rails 
it  appears  that  it  costs  three  times  as 
much  to  unload  rails  from  a  gondola  car 
as  it  does  from  a  flat  car.  The  cost 
varies  from  Ic.  per  rail  under  e.xtra  favor- 
able conditions  to  8.7  cents. 


The  Doubledee  Pluiige: 

By   LuciUF   :. .   \^'  ■  ■ 

It    is    report'^  .uii  e Jee 

hopper-shap  ...j'>.i  to   any 

n.ake  of  jig  tor   ..  '."  ores,  has 

proved  a  success  at  the  n,.  '  rfie  Little 
Anna  Mining  Company,  on  !a  .a  oelonging 
to  the  city  of  Joplin.  Mo.     So  radically 


diameter,  passes  up  through  a  hole  in  the 
sieve  D  and  is  shielded  by  a  cast-iron 
guide  E,  which  is  funnel  shaped  and 
sufficiently  large  to  permit  free  action  of 
the  rod.  This  rod  attaches  to  the  eccen- 
tric F,  which  permits  any  regulation  of 
the  stroke.  The  eccentric  shaft  is  braced 
by  cast-iron  rods  K.  For  heavy  loads  on 
the  roughing  sieves  the  length  of  the 
stroke  varies  from  Y^  \.o  V/i  in.;  for  light 
lo'ds  on  the  cleaning  sieves  the  stroke 
A'<i;ies  from  1-16  to  V^  in.;  while  for  ex- 
tiemely  heavy  loads  it  goes  to  '.;  in.  The 
speed  of  the  stroke  also  varies.  The 
,.=,-;:i"i  of  the  stroke  is  much  shorter  than 
requ.  t.'  on  the  a\5rage  jig  with  ordinary 
plungers. 

In  the  bottoui  sf  the  hopper-shaped 
plunger  is  a*-  pening  G,  two  inches  in 
diameter,  ihro  li'  which  the  concentrates 
and  riat  s  pas,-  .  t  the  hutch  H.  It  is 
cla;;ned  'or  thi  .nvention  that  a  bed  on 
♦lie  siev-  need  be  only  lJ4  '"•  thick  to 
insure  oure  concentrates.  As  material 
passing  ov.^r  the  cells  has  a  tendency  to 
'.Uinp  a.  :;  e  upper  ends  /,  the  greater 
force  has  bsen  given  to  this  end  by  plac- 


mules  will  not  leave  the  tub  until  the 
shower  is  turned  on,  and  it  seems  that 
this  feature  is  the  most  enjoyable.  The 
bath  is  expected  to  prolong  the  vigor  and 
vitality  of  the  mules.  The  driver  boys 
are  the  only  workers  in  the  mine  who  are 
not  absolutely  in  sympathy  with  the  in- 
novation, the  bath  keeping  them  in  the 
mine  10  to  15  min.  longer  than  they  for- 
merly had  to  stay. 


Simple  Carloading  Arrangement 


By  A.  Livingstone  Oke* 


Some  years  ago,  when  I  was  engineer 
to  a  mine  in  Canada,  a  discovery  of  good 
ore  was  made  on  the  property.  At  that 
time  the  ore  coming  from  the  other  mines 
required  a  little  grading,  so  the  arrange- 
ment shown  in  the  diagram  was  put  in 
and  within  48  hours  of  the  time  of  the 
discovery  we  were  shipping  to  the  mill. 

The  orebody  is  an  altered  sedimentary, 
dipping  flatly  into  a  hill  as  shown,  but  the 


J 


I  ttT---r.x''.-5----H.A:-5 


Waste  Dump 


Simple  Car  Loading  Arrangement 

TJtc  Enginttring  ^.l/inin;  Journal 


Car  Loading  Arrangement 


Ttt4  Enj/irutring  f  Mining  Journal 

Doubledee  Jig  Plunger 

iifferent  is  the  Doubledee  attachment 
Tom  the  ordinary  plunger  that  its  work 
s  being  watched  with  keen  interest 
broughout  the  Joplin  zinc  and  lead  dis- 
rict.  The  device  has  only  recently  been 
)atented  by  M.  Doubledee. 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  sec- 
ional  view  of  the  Doubledee  jig  tank, 
r  all  other  jigs  in  use  locally,  the  plung- 
TS  are  in  tanks  at  one  side  of  the  cells 
ind  it  is  the  downward  stroke  that  forces 
he  water  in  the  cells  upward  through  the 
ieve.  This  plunger  A  brings  the  water 
ip  with  its  upward  motion.  It  is  claimed 
hat  this  keeps  the  ore  constantly  in  mo- 
ion  and  that  the  separation  is  made  more 
borough. 

The  plunger  is  made  of  "J-in.  boiler 
'late  and  is  attached  to  the  plunger  rod  B 
■y  spider  braces  C.  made  of  I '/-in. 
ound  iron.     The  plunger  rod,  2'/,  in.  in 

•Joplin,  Mo. 


ing  the  plunger  as  close  as  possible  to 
the  wall  of  the  cell,  while  at  the  lower 
end  /  a  space  from  ■/  to  y^  in.  is  al- 
lowed. 


Concrete  Bath  Tub  for  Mine 
Mules 

A  concrete  bath  tub  about  40  ft.  long 
and  a  few  inches  more  than  4  ft.  deep 
has  been  installed  in  the  Henry  colliery 
of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Coal  Company  at 
Plains,  Penn.,  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  mine  mules.  This  mine  improvement 
is  built  at  the  entrance  of  the  mule  barn. 
The  mules  are  always  tired  when  they 
conclude  the  day's  work,  and  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  how  their  fatigue  disap- 
pears when  they  strike  the  bath.  The 
beasts  all  rush  in,  crowding  each  other 
for  the  deepest  place  in  the  tub.  One 
of  the  older  mules  takes  such  delight  in 
his  bath  that  no  amount  of  coaxing  will 
get  him  to  leave  the  tub  until  he  has  had 
at  least   10  minutes  of  the   fun.     Other 


slope  of  the  latter  is  much  less  than  that 
indicated  by  the  diagram.  An  electric 
tram  line  follows  approximately  the  out- 
crop of  this  strata,  at  a  contour  a  little 
below  it.  This  coincidence  was  useful,  as 
the  several  mines  were  tapped  by  short 
trestles  and  bins,  or  by  sidings.  The  ore- 
bodies  occur  in  pockets  due  to  surface  en- 
richment along  tlie  outcrop.  The  shovel- 
ing platform  was  intended  as  a  temporary 
affair  only,  but  the  trestle  was  for  sub- 
sequent use  with  a  bin,  when  the  ore  de- 
veloped would  warrant  its  construction. 
It  was  found  that  a  train  of  10  cars,  of 
two-ton  capacity  each,  could  be  loaded 
by  four  men  easily  in  an  hour,  at  a  cost 
of  six  to  seven  cents  per  ton.  With  the 
same  cars  shoveling  from  the  floor  level, 
the  cost  would  be  about  25c.  per  ton, 
when  iron  plates  or  boards  were  used  to 
blast  down  on.  The  ore  was  mined  in 
benches  with  lightly  loaded  lifters  down 
to  a  depth  where  the  removal  of  the 
overburden  was  not  more  costly  than  thai 
of  underground  mining. 

♦Mlnlnt;    pnclneoi',     Uodeo.    San    .Tiian.     Ar- 
(jentlna. 


594 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


Storage    Bin   Gates 


The  gate  commonly  used  on  the  auxil- 
iary underground  lump-ore  storage  bins 
by  the  Cheever  Iron  Ore  Company,  near 
Mineville,  N.  Y.,  is  inexpensive,  easily 
installed  and  operated. 

The  body  of  the  gate  is  made  of  3-in. 
yellow-pine  plank  held  together  by  an  in- 
side lining  of  j-^-in.  steel  plate.  Wearing 
pieces  of  v^-in.  iron  are  bolted  to  the 
sides  of  the  gate  where  they  Dear  against 
the  angle-iron  guides  bolted  to  the  bin 
posts.  A  cable,  attached  to  a  U  at  the 
top  of  the  gate,  leads  over  two  sheaves 
and  down  to  a  2x6-in.  lever  arm  of 
proper  length.     One  man  can  easily  open 


Front  Elevation 

Tfie  Enffiicerinff  f  Mining  Juurnal 

Gate  Used  at  Cheever  Iron  Ore 
Company 

the  gate  and  fill  the  tram  car,  and  upon 
releasing  the  lever  the  gate  closes  by  its 
own  weight. 


Centennial -Eureka  Chute  Pocket 
and  Gate 


Hard  silicious  ore  will  quickly  cut  out 
the  bottom  of  almost  any  sort  of  chute 
gate  or  inclined  ore  pass.  The  ore  at  the 
Centennial-Eureka  mine,  at  Eureka,  Utah, 
is  of  such  a  character  that  it  will  quickly 
cut  through  even  a  double  lagged,  in- 
clined, bottom  of  an  ore  chute,  so 
a  special  type  of  chute  in  which  a  bed 
of  rock  forms  the  bottom  has  been  de- 
vised. 

An  ore  pocket  is   formed  by  building 


up  from  the  level  three  sets  of  square 
set  timbers  into  which  ore  from  the  slopes 
is  delivered.  Single  2-in.  lagging  is  used 
to  line  the  bottomsetof thepocketorchute, 
and  this  set  is  filled  with  waste  rock.  On 
the  side  from  which  the  ore  is  to  be  de- 
livered to  cars,  the  posts  are  notched, 
the  cap  being  dropped  seven  inches~and 
placed  with  the  faces  45  deg.  from  the 
horizontal.  A  plank  lip  is  then  nailed 
to  the  cap;  this  extends  only  a  short 
way  into  the  pocket,  but  far  enough  into 
the  drift  to  deliver  ore  over  the  edge  of 
a  car. 

An  ordinary  gate  of  planks  slid- 
ing between  wooden  guide  grooves  is 
used  to  control  the  discharge  of  ore  from 
the  pocket.  The  lip  on  some  of  the  Cen- 
tennial-Eureka chutes  is  35  in.  wide  and 
auxiliary  posts  are  placed  under  the  cap 
at  either  side  of  the  lip.     The  top  two 


Miles  Bucket  Tailfngs  Stacker 
for  Use  on  Dredges. 


Tlie  Miles  Tailings  Stacker  for 
Use  on  Dredges 

The  tailings  stacker,  drawings  of  which 
are  shown  herewith,  was  designed  by 
John  H.  Miles,  superintendent  of  the  Fol- 
som  division  of  the  Natomas  Consolidat- 
ed of  California.  It  is  intended  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  the  rubber  conveyer-belt  type 
of  tailings  stacker,  now  used  on  almost 
all  dredges  in  California  and  in  many 
other  fields.  The  special  advantage  over 
the  conveyer  type  claimed  for  this  stacker 
is  for  use  in  cold  climates  where  the 
buckets  will  carry  frozen  material  without 
allowing  it  to  roll  back  as  it  does  on  a 
belt  stacker.  The  trouble  from  head  pul- 
leys becoming  coated  with  ice  and  slip- 
ping that  is  commonly  experienced  with 
conveyer   belts    when    used    in    freezing 


sets  of  the  pockets  are  lined  with  double 
2-in.  lagging. 

In  this  construction  the  waste  filling 
the  bottom  set  o'  the  chute  or 
pocket  forms  a  bed  upon  which  the 
ore  drops  and  over  which  it  slides  in  its 
passage  to  the  discharge  gate.  The  wear 
from  the  movement  of  the  ore  is  all  taken 
up  at  this  point  and  all  trouble  with  the 
bottom  of  the  chutes  cutting  through  is 
eliminated  as  the  waste  forms  the  bot- 
tom. Owing  to  the  large  cross  section  of 
the  pocket  the  movement  of  ore  is  slow 
(if  the  pocket  is  not  entirely,  drawn  at 
any  time)  so  the  lagging  in  the  upper  sets 
is  not  subjected  to  excessive  wear,  and 
in  fact,  seldom  has  to  be  renewed.  Such 
a  chute  pocket  is  about  as  satisfactory 
and  as  near  fool-proof  as  any  to  be 
found,  and  it  has  the  additional  advantage 
that  it  can  be  quickly  built  from  the  ma- 
terial used  for  ordinary  mine  timbiring, 
and  hence  usually  in  stock.  As  stated, 
this  ore  pocket  and  gate  is  particularly 
useful   for  handling  hard,  silicious  ores. 


weather  is  also  avoided,  as  in  this  case 
the  stacker  is  provided  with  a  positive 
drive. 

Buckets  Fastened  to  StretchedCables  ^ 

The  Miles  stacker  is  composed  of  an 
endless  chain  of  buckets  fastened  to  steel 
ropes.  Above  is  shown  the  general  ideaof 
the  apparatus.  The  buckets  are  made 
of  steel  plate  the  size  of  each  and  the 
weight  of  material  used  in  construction  to 
be  governed  by  the  capacity  of  the 
dredge;  travel  to  be  at  a  rate  of  150  ft. 'jf 
per  minute.  As  shown  on  the  next  page 
each  bucket  is  fastened  by  a  cable  clip  to 
two  cables,  one  on  each  side.  Thesecablef 
pass  over  the  grooved  wheel  at  each  end 
of  the  conveyer  and  are  driven  by  pins 
through  these  wheels  which  take  hold  of 
the  lugs  of  chairs  on  which  the  buckets 
ride. 

By  using  plow-steel  cables  that  have 
been  thoroughly  stretched  (cable  from 
bucket  ladder  lines  might  be  used),  it  is 
claimed    that    there    will    be    little   possi- 


II 


September  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


595 


bility  of  a  change  of  the  pitch  of  the 
buckets  when  once  they  are  set  in  place. 
Adustment  of  the  line  is  taken  up  at  the 
lower  end  by  sliding  bearings,  as  shown 
in  the  general  drawing,  the  drive  being 
from  the  upper  end  by  motor,  in  a  manner 
similar  to  that  used  with  the  rubber  con- 
veyer belt  on  California  dredges.  The 
method  of  fastening  the  ends  of  the  cable 
so  that  they  pass  smoothly  over  the  drive 
wheels  is  also  shown. 

The  main  frame  of  the  stacker  is  made 
from   heavy   pipes   of  a   size   depending 


wear.  The  assembled  sketches  also 
show  how  these  buckets  work  when  pass- 
ing over  the  wheel.  The  wheels  are  cored 
to  receive  the  clips  which  hold  the 
buckets  on  the  cables. 

Evident  Advantages  and  Objections 

It  is  estimated  that  the  first  cost  of 
this  equipment  will  be  about  one-half 
that  of  the  rubber  belt-conveyer  type  and 
that  the  maintenance  on  it  will  be  con- 
siderably less.  The  liability  of  ice  crowd- 
ing  the    rope    from    the    grooves    in    the 


o 

0 

~o 

o 

..  ^ 

o 

o 

h 

0 

0 

H 

0 

0 

1      1 

0 

o 

o 

o 

Plan 


Bucket 

-r"^ 

-Chair                                      Chair  — 

_^^. 

Side  View 


Front  Elevation 


Cable 


Tht  Engt'iMrlnif  .j  MtAlnff  Journal 


Details  of  Buckei  and  Drive  Wheel  of  Miles  Tailings  Stacker 


upon  the  length  and  size  of  the  stacker 
and  the  load  which  it  must  handle.  The 
frame  is  braced  laterally  and  trussed  un- 
derneath. The  above  drawing  shows 
the  bucket,  which  is  made  of  one  piece 
of  plate  steel  with  the  chairs  riveted  on 
each  end.  These  chairs  are  made  of  steel 
castings  shaped  like  gear  teeth,  to  inake 
a  rolling  contact  when  working  on  the 
pins  which  drive  them.  The  drive  pins 
in  the  wheel  have  manganese  or  hard- 
steel  bushings  on  the  outside  to  take  the 


wheel  is  small,  but  can  be  prevented  by 
placing  a  stationary  tool  so  as  to  scrape 
the  ice  clear  as  the  wheel  revolves.  The 
wear  is  practically  reduced  to  buckets, 
pins  and  lugs,  which  can  be  reversed  so 
as  to  prolong  their  life.  Power  should 
be  economized  with  such  a  stacker  and 
by  operating  it  on  an  incline  as  great  as 
45  deg.,  a  saving  could  be  made  in  the 
length  of  the  apparatus.  The  objection 
to  the  stacker  that  naturally  occurs  to  one 
is    that    stretching    of    the    cables    would 


alter  the  pitch  of  the  buckets,  hence,  ne- 
cessitating continual  adjustment.  This  is 
supposedly  avoided  by  the  use  of  pre- 
viously stretched  cables. 

So  far  as  is  known,  this  form  of  tailing 
stacker  has  not  had  any  practical  tryout. 
The  possibilities  for  it,  however,  seem  to 
be  sufficient  to  warrant  its  installation,  at 
least  on  an  experimental  scale.  At  pres- 
ent the  economical  disposal  of  tailings  is 
one  of  the  vital  problems  of  dredge  prac- 
tice. 


Altering  the  Capacity    of  a    Blast 
Furnace 


By  T.  Kapp* 

A  successful  experiment  to  reduce  the 
capacity  of  an  ordinary  lead  blast  furnace 
was  worked  out  at  Zeehan,  in  Tasmania. 
The  furnace  was  120x42  in.  at  the  level 
of  the  tuyeres  and  20''.  ft.  in  hight  from 
top  of  crucible  to  feed-floor  level.  On  the 
long  sides  were  7  cast-iron  jackets,  each 
having  a  tuyere  2)4  in.  in  diameter.  The 
slag  tap  was  at  its  usual  position  in  one 
of  the  short  sides  and  the  bullion  siphon 
near  the  slag  tap  was  the  only  one  of 
the  two  siphons  used,  as  the  low-grade 
ore  produced  a  small  quantity  of  bullion. 

The  furnace  required  80  tons  of  ore 
per  24  hours  at  a  blast  pressure  of  about 
25  in.  of  water.  But  for  a  long  period 
the  supply  of  ore  was  only  50  tons  per 
day,  so  that  it  was  necessary  in  order 
to  avoid  intermittent  smelting  and  to 
maintain  a  regular  run  of  the  furnace,  to 
decrease  the  size  of  the  furnace.  This 
was  done  by  removing  two  of  the  jackets 
on  each  of  the   long  sides. 

To  accomplish  this  a  firebrick  wall  13.5 
in.  thick  was  erected  in  the  crucible  par- 
allel to  the  short  sides  of  the  furnace. 
The  clear  space  of  20.5  in.  between  this 
wall  and  one  short  side  of  the  furnace 
was  packed  solidly  with  a  mixture  of  fine 
coke  and  clay.  The  short  side  jackets 
were  then  put  up  in  the  usual  manner 
and  connected  to  the  remaining  five  side 
jackets.  This  shortened  the  inside  length 
of  the  furnace  by  34  in.  The  shaft  was 
reduced  in  size  in  a  similar  manner. 

This  firebrick  wall,  as  well  as  the  coke 
and  clay  filling,  was  supported  by  rails, 
which  in  turn  rested  on  the  girders  that 
carried  the  lining  of  the  two  long  sides 
of  the  shaft.  These  girders  were  also 
supported  by  two  columns  standing  on 
the  top  of  the  crucible  outside  of  and  be- 
hind the  jackets,  on  the  short  side 
opposite  the  slag  tap. 

The  modified  furnace  was  in  commis- 
sion for  about  nine  months,  giving  quite 
satisfactory  results.  When  the  supply  of 
ore  had  increased  to  a  point  that  per- 
mitted the  furnace  running  to  its  full 
capacity,  the  false  wall  was  torn  out  and 
the  furnace  restored  to  its  original  size. 

•ConsnlMns  onplnoor.  0  Argyll  mnnsions, 
IlainrniTsinitli   rond,  Kcnsinj^ton,'  London. 


596 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


International   Geological  Congress  at  Stockholm 


SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  eleventh  International  Geological 
Congress  which  met  in  Stockholm  during 
the  week  Aug.  18-25  was  attended  by 
about  800  geologists  and  mining  men.  The 
European  delegation  naturally  was  the 
largest,  though  there  was  a  good  repre- 
sentation from  the  more  remote  coun- 
tries, including  about  40  delegates  from 
the  United  States.  In  membership  it  thus 
established  a  new  record  for  these  trien- 
nial meetings  and  it  was  correspondingly 
successful  in  every  other  way. 

The  program  for  the  sessions  was  elab- 
orate, with  much  to  interest  the  specialist 
in  the  various  departments  of  geology — 
economic  as  well  as  purely  scientific — be- 
sides a  leavening  of  subjects  that  had  a 
general  appeal.  The  excursions  provided 
splendid  opportunities  for  studying  first 
band  the  classic  fields  of  Swedish  geology 
and  mining;  and  the  courtesies  and  hospi- 
tality everywhete  extended  to  the  mem- 
bers were  a  delightful  experience,  of 
which  the  memory  will  afford  a  life-long 
pleasure. 

As  secretary  of  the  congress.  Prof.  J. 
G.  Anderson,  director  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Sweden,  was  largely  concerned 
in  its  success.  The  office  of  honorary 
president  was  filled  by  the  Crown  Prince 
Gustave  Adolph  who  presided  at  the 
opening  session  and  welcomed  the  mem- 
bers in  a  charming  address  delivered  in 
English.  Professor  G.  De  Geer,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Stockholm,  served  as  president 
of  the  congress  and  Prof.  H.  Backstrom 
of  the  same  institution  as  treasurer. 

The  participants  in  the  different  ex- 
cursions that  preceded  the  meeting  and 
those  who  came  directly  to  Stockholm 
were  brought  together  on  the  evening  of 
Aug.  17  at  an  informal  reception  in  the 
Grand  Hotel  Royal,  where  Prof.  M.  A.  G. 
Hbgbom  extended  a  welcome  on  behalf  of 
the  Geological  Society  of  Stockholm. 

Instructive  Papers  Presented  at  First 
Session 
The  opening  session  in  the  hall  of  the 
Conservatory  of  Music  was  given  an  offi- 
cial character  by  the  presence  of  the  King, 
who  pronounced  the  formal  words  perti- 
nent to  the  occasion.  After  short  ad- 
dresses by  the  officers  of  the  precedin;; 
congress,  relinquishing  their  duties,  and 
responses  by  their  successors.  Professor 
De  Greer  presented  apaperon"AGeochro- 
nology  of  the  Last  12.000  Years."  Thiswas 
perhaps  the  principal  feature,  scientifi- 
cally, of  the  meeting.  Its  purport  was  to 
show  that  an  accurate  record  of  events 
since  glacial  time  was  to  be  found  in 
the  moraines  and  lake  deposits  of  Swe- 
den. Professor  De  Geer  has  found  that 
the     succession     of     terminal     moraines 


which  can  be  traced  as  one  goes  from 
south  to  north  in  Scandinavia  marks  the 
stages  of  retreat  of  the  ice  sheet  under 
the  seasonal  climatic  changes;  further- 
more, the  beds  of  sands,  clays  and  muds 
laid  down  in  the  lakes  present  a  similar 
record.  The  geologist,  accordingly,  may 
decipher  the  clasped  time  with  almost  the 
certainty  that  one  can  find  the  age  of  a 
tree  by  counting  the  rings  of  growth. 
The  study  of  the  glacial  deposits  on  which 
Professor  De  Geer  based  his  conclusions 
has  occupied  much  of  his  time  for  the  lasi 
15  years.  Pres.  C.  R.  Van  Hise  contributed 
the  second  formal  paper  of  the  session,  a 
thoughtful  and  suggestive  paper  entitled, 
"The  Influence  of  Applied  Geology  and 
the  Mining  Industry  Upon  the  Economic 
Development  of  the  World."  At  the  close 
of  the  session  the  members  of  the  con- 
gress were  received  by  the  King  'and 
Queen  in  the  royal  palace. 

Division  of  Sessions  into  Sections  Fa- 
cilitated Discussion 

During  the  following  days  the  sessions 
were  divided  into  sections,  made  neces- 
sary by  the  large  number  of  papers  that 
were  read.  Room  for  the  different  sec- 
tions was  provided  in  the  beautiful  cham- 
bers of  the  Riksdag,  in  the  ancient  hall  of 
Riddarhuset  and  in  the  university  build- 
ings. The  division  was  made  as  follows; 
General  and  regional  geology;  petro- 
graphy and  mineralogy;  stratigraphy  and 
paleontology;  Quarternary  phenomena 
and  present  day  glaciers;  applied  geology. 
It  was  the  aim  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  congress  to  limit  the  subjects  of 
discussion  during  the  sessions  to  a  small 
range  of  topics  of  more  or  less  general 
importance,  a  procedure  that  had  much  to 
do,  no  doubt,  with  the  sustained  interest 
that  was  manifest  throughout  the  meet- 
ings. 

The  main  subjects  proposed  for 
consideration  were:  Pre-cambrian  geol- 
ogy; the  iron-ore  resources  of  the  world 
and  their  distribution;  the  changes  of 
climate  following  the  last  period  of  max- 
imum glaciation;  the  geology  of  the 
polar  regions;  and  the  abrupt  appearance 
of  the  Cambrian  fauna.  The  publication 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  congress  mupt 
be  awaited  before  the  complete  text  of 
the  various  papers  presented  will  be 
available  and  a  proper  estimate  of  their 
importance  can  be  made. 

Definite  Scheme  for  Classifying  Pre- 
cambrian  NOT  Approved 

In  Pre-cambrian  geology  there  were 
contributions  by  F.  D.  Adams,  Sederholm 
Termicr,  Barrnis,  Becke,  Miller,  Coleman, 


Kemp.  Van  Hise  and  others  who  have 
worked  in  this  difficult  field  of  geology  in 
various  parts  of  the  world.  Interesting 
comparisons  were  made  between  the  Pre- 
cambrian  sections  presented  in  different 
countries,  but  there  was  a  manifest  re- 
luctance toward  the  approval  of  any  de- 
finite scheme  'of  classification  for  general 
use. 

Valuable  Reference  Work  on  Iron 
Ore  Resources 

In  connection  with  the  papers  and  dis- 
cussions on  iron  ores  it  is  necessary  to 
call  attention  to  the  publication  Iron  Ore 
Resources  of  the  World  which  was  is- 
sued by  the  congress  shortly  before  the 
meeting.  The  work  in  two  volumes  of 
text  and  one  of  plates  is  the  combined  re- 
sult of  the  labors  of  a  large  number  of 
geologists  and  mining  engineers  who  are 
recognized  authorities  on  the  iron-ore  re- 
sources of  the  countries  on  which  they 
have  reported.  It  affords  not  only  a  gen- 
eral survey  of  the  distribution  of  the 
known  supplies  of  ore,  but  much  specific 
information  regarding  the  geology,  chem- 
ical and  physical  features,  production,  and 
other  important  matters  which  make  it 
an  invaluable  book  of  reference. 

Policy  of  S\<edish  Government  in  Con- 
serving Iron  Ores 

The  opening  paper  at  the  session  de- 
voted to  the  consideration  of  iron  ores 
was  read  by  the  Prime  Minister  M.  A. 
Lindman.  The  paper  emphasized  the  need 
for  intelligent  conservation  of  mineral  re- 
sources and  explained  the  policy  of  the 
Swedish  government  in  regard  to  the  iron 
mines  of  the  country.  The  measures 
adopted  include  government  participation 
in  the  affairs  of  the  exporting  mines  by 
ownership  of  one-half  the  capital  stock, 
the  limitation  of  the  amount  of  ore  that 
can  be  shipped  from  the  country  for  the 
term  of  25  years,  and  provision  for  the 
purchase  of  the  entire  shares  of  the  com- 
panies on  certain  conditions  at  the  ex- 
piration of  that  period.  Government  en- 
couragement has  also  been  accorded  to 
the  experiments  with  the  electric  furnace 
for  the  production  of  iron  which 
have  been  conducted  at  Trollhattan. 
These  experiments  have  been  so  sat- 
isfactory that  a  commercial  plant  is 
now  under  construction  and  will  soon  be 
in  operation. 

The  leading  iron  men  of  Sweden 
are  sangu'--^  that  the  larger  part 
of  the  iron-ore  production  will,  before 
many  years  be  consumed  at  home  instead 
of  being  shipped  to  Germany,  England 
and  the  United  States  as  at  present. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


'      World's  Iron   Ore  Supply  Summarized 

Prof.  Hj.  Sjogren  presented  a  statisti- 
cal summary  of  the  world's  ore  supply, 
based  on  the  iiformation  compiled  for 
the  treatise  already  mentioned.  The  sta- 
tistics indicated  a  total  actual  reserve  of 
22.-(08  millions  of  tons,  equivalent  to 
10,192  millions  of  tons  of  metallic  iron. 
Of  the  total  America  was  credited  with 
PS55  millions  of  tons  ore,  equivalent  to 
5154  millions  of  tons  iron.  Europe  had 
12.032  millions  of  tons  ore  or  4733  inil- 
lions  of  tons  iron.  Australia,  Asia  and 
.Africa  divided  the  small  remainder.  The 
iron  ores  of  Spain  were  described  in  a 
paper  by  Ramon  Adan  de  Yarza. 

The  discussion  that  followed  A'as  par- 
ticipated in  by  L.  de  Launay,  Beyschlag. 
Kemp,  and  J.  W.  Richards.  A  proposal 
was  presented  for  the  appointment  of  an 
international  committee  to  continue  the 
investigations  inaugurated  by  the  Swedish 
■  geologists,  with  the  purpose  of  revising 
the  work  so  far  as  needed  and  also  to  sup- 
plement it  with  information  as  to  techni- 
cal conditions  in  the  iron  industry  of  the 
different  countries. 

P.^PERs    Presented    Before    Applied 
Geology  Section 

In  the  section  of  applied  geology  there 
were  several  interesting  papers.  A  com- 
prehensive description  of  the  auriferous 
deposits  of  France,  by  M.  Lyon,  may  be 
noticed  in  connection  with  the  recent  re- 
vival of  the  gold-mining  industry  in  that 
country.  Details  of  some  of  the  promis- 
ing gold  districts  of  the  Philippines  were 
given  by  H.  G.  Ferguson.  The  deposits 
of  radio-active  minerals  were  described 
by  P.  Krusch,  who  also  paid  attention  to 
the  conditions  surrounding  the  production 
of  radium.  There  were  papers  by  Hj. 
Sjogren,  who  dealt  with  the  geological 
age  of  the  Scandinavian  ores,  and  by  J. 
Keidel,  who  described  recent  progress  in 
the  geological  investigations  of  Argen- 
tina. 

The  contributions  to  the  other  sections 
were  of  the  high  standard  e.\pected  in  an 
international  meeting  of  scientists.  The 
section  devoted  to  the  geology  of  the 
polar  regions  naturally  attracted  general 
interest  and  the  audience  was  repaid 
by  a  finely  illustrated  lecture  on  the  ant- 
artic  continent,  contributed  by  David  and 
Priestly,  of  the  Shackleton  expedition. 
The  important  subject  of  polar  climate 
in  past  geologic  ages  as  interpreted  in  the 
light  of  fossil  floras  was  handled  by  A.  G. 
Nathorst,  and  the  relations  between  South 
America  and  the  bordering  part  of  the 
antarctic  continent  was  discussed  by  0. 
Nordenskijold. 

Pressiire   Demonstrated  as  Important 
Factor  in   Dynamic  Metamorphism 

In     the     section     of     mineralogy     and 

petrography.    F.    D.    Adams    presented    a 

I  notable  paper  on  the  influence  of  pressure 

on  rocks.     His  experiments,  which   were 


begun  in  a  small  way  some  years  ago, 
have  been  continued  on  a  larger  scale  by 
the  aid  of  a  grant  from  the  Carnegie  In- 
stitution. Not  only  soft  rocks  like  lime- 
stone and  dolomite  were  experimented 
with,  but  such  hard  materials  as  diabase 
were  made  to  flow  or  undergo  a  rear- 
rangement of  their  mineral  constituents 
just  as  happens  in  the  dynamo-meta- 
morphism  of  rocks  in  nature.  Examples 
of  gneissoid  structures  were  shown  that 
had  been  produced  by  pressure  at  only 
moderate  temperatures  and  without  the 
assistance  of  water.  From  these  exper- 
iments it  would  appear  that  pressure  is 
the  essential  factor  in  metamorphism  of 
regional  or  dynamic  character. 

American    Awarded   Spendiaroff   Prize 

The  question  of  a  standard  geological 
map  of  the  world  was  under  consideration 
at  the  congress.  Director  George  Otis 
Smith,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
presented  a  proposal  for  a  map  to  be  ex- 
ecuted on  the  scale  of  1:  1.000,000,  but 
there  appeared  to  be  some  opposition  to 
the  adoption  of  that  standard  by  other 
countries.     The  Spendiaroff  prize,    which 


Bedded  Gold    Quartz    Veins    near 
Poto,   Peru 

By   E.  Coppee  Thurston* 


It  is  the  purpose  of  these  notes  to  de- 
scribe, as  far  as  the  limited  data  ob- 
tained will  permit,  an  unusual  occurrence 
of  auriferous  quartz  in  the  Mount  Ananea 
range  of  the  eastern  cordillera  of  the 
Andes,  district  of  Poto,  province  of  Sandia 
in  the  department  of  Puno,  Peru. 

The  principal  deposits  of  this  type  are 
found  in  San  Francisco  hill,  an  outlying 
buttress  of  Mount  Ananea,  at  about  16,- 
500  ft.  elevation,  on  the  Pacific  slope  of 
the  range.  Alount  Ananea  is  about  20,000 
ft.,  and  San  Francisco  hill  about  17,5^^ 
ft.  high.  The  axis  of  the  cordillera  strikes 
east  and  west  at  this  point,  the  northern 
being  the  Atlantic  slope. 

Rock  For.mations 

Gold  occurs  in  thin-bedded  veins,  lying 
between  dark,  nonfossiliferousslates,  said 
to  be  of  lower  Silurian  age.'  A  section 
of  the  range  from  north  to  south  shows 


Rinconda  Glacier,  Peru— San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mine 
Buildings  at  the  Right 


is  awarded  by  a  commission  of  the  con- 
gress, was  granted  this  year  to  John  M. 
Clarke,  State  geologist  of  New  York,  for 
his  work  on  the  "Devonian  of  Eastern 
North  America." 

At  the  termination  of  the  meetings  in 
Stockholm,  most  of  the  members  joined 
the  excursions,  of  which  several  were 
offered,  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  the 
noted  places  of  geological  and  mining  in- 
terest in  central  and  southern  Sweden. 
With  the  other  excursions  that  set  out 
before  the  meeting  and  those  during  ths 
sessions,  these  field  parties  afforded  ex- 
ceptional opportunities  for  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  the  country  and  of  meeting 
its  enterprising  and  hospitable  people. 


A  concrete  lighthouse  is  being  built  at 
Cape  Hichinbrook  in  Prince  William 
sound,  but  in  general  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment is  extremely  dilatory  in  supply- 
ing aid  to  navigation  in  Alaska,  and  the 
number  of  lighthouses,  buoys  and  bea- 
cons compares  very  unfavorably  with 
those  established  by  the  Canadian  Gov- 
ernment between  Vancouver  and  Prince 
Rupert. 


granite  on  the  northern  slope,  four  or 
five  miles  from  the  summit,  upon  which 
rest  much  contorted  beds  of  mica  schist, 
knotty  and  spotted  schists,  and  banded 
quartzite.  On  the  southern  slope  in  San 
Francisco  hill,  some  spotted  schist  was 
seen  but  the  formation  is  mainly  dark- 
colored  slate,  of  which  two  varieties  were 
distinguished,  a  hard,  silicious  heavy- 
bedded  variety  and  a  fissile,  less  silicious, 
thin-bedded  kind. 

The  scdimentaries  are  much  contorted 
on  the  northern  slope,  but  as  the  distance 
from  the  granite  increases,  the  movement 
grows  less  until,  on  the  southern  slope, 
there  is  a  persistent  gentle  dip,  about  15 
deg.  toward  the  southwest.  A  few  miles 
south  of  San  Francisco  hill,  the  slates 
give  place  to  shales. 

Fissures  Formed  By  Pressure 

During  the  uplift,  the  pressure  from 
the  north  produced  more  or  less  parallel 
fault  fissures,  which  strike  roughly,  north- 


•Mlnlns    eiiKlnopi-.    P.n    riiiiicli    street.    N'ew 
Ynjk. 

^Bdlrlin   tirl   Cl/d/lo   tir  I iKimirrnt   ilr   Mhias 
ihl  I'liii,  No.  20.  p.  in. 


598 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24.  1910. 


vest  and  southeast  and  dip  45  to  60  deg. 
northeast.  The  different  slates  were  dif- 
ferently affected  at  the  fissure  zones; 
the  hard,  thick  beds  were  cracked  and 
faulted  and  the  fissile,  thin  beds  were 
crushed  and  folded.  Opportunity  was 
thus  given  for  the  entrance  of  silicious 
solutions,  which  are  now  seen  as  massive 
white  granular  quart/  in  and  near  the 
fissures,  sometimes  in  tabular  form  more 
or  less  persistent,  sometimes  of  irregular 
form,  but  with  slight  mineralization. 

Since  the  uplift,  the  erosion  has  been 
enormous,  but  the  highest  peaks  are  still 
ice  capped  and  glaciers  are  numerous. 
The  topography  is  precipitous,  so  the 
rocks  are  well  exposed  where  not  covered 
with  snow  and  ice. 

Gold-bearing   Bedded  Veins 

The  gold-bearing  bedded  veins,  locally 
called  mantoa,  vary.  The  persistence  of 
these  veins  is  remarkable,  particularly  in 
view  of  their  small  thickness.  They 
are  found  in  the  schists  on  the  north- 
ern   slope    of    the    range    and    on     the 


i:  visible,  pyrite,  some  stibnite,  and  oc- 
casionally galena  and  sphalerite.  Five 
per  cent,  copper  is  found  in  the  bullion, 
but  its  mode  of  occurrence  was  not  de- 
termined. 

The  proportion  of  silver  to  gold  in  the 
bullion  is  about  1 :8  by  weight.  The  ore 
contains  about  4  per  cent,  of  concentrates. 
The  free  gold  was  introduced  into  the 
veins  after  the  quartz  had  solidified,  prob- 
ably when  it  was  cracked  during  the 
main  uplift  or  shortly  afterward.  Where 
such  cracks  were  generated  in  the  wall 
slates,  gold  is  found  in  them  also,  but 
to  slight  depths  only.  There  has  been 
practically  no  oxidation  of  the  ores,  the 
sulphides  being  found  a  few  feet  from 
the   surface. 

Structural  Features 

On  the  northeast  side  of  San  Francisco 
hill  at  the  Poderosa  mine,  the  strata  are 
bent  sharply  upon  one  another  in  a  com- 
pound fold,  the  axis  of  which  strikes 
northeast  and  southwest  and  dips  slightly 
southwest,   the   beds   themselves   striking 


Ideal  Section  S.  40  Deg.  W. 
4 


1.  Cntuca  River  and  Village. 

2.  Cotu  CuQca  -  Schists. 

3.  Azo^uine  River. 

4.  ^t.  Anaaea. 

5.  Mt,  Ananea  Ridge. 


6.  Riuconada  Glacier. 

7.  Sen  Francisco  Hill  •  Slate. 

8.  Dike. 

9.  Antavilo  Hill. 

10'  Lake  Riaconada  -  Shale  on  Sides. 


Ideal  North-South  Section. 
5 


Scale 


1.  Mt.  San  Francisco  -  Schist. 

2.  Lake  San  Francisco. 

3.  Granite  Hill. 


4.  Complex  of  Schists. 
5.Mt.  Torreria. 
cut.  Ananea  Ridge, 


".Lunar  Grande  Cliff. 
8.Riuconada  Glacier  and  Moraine. 
9.San  Francisco  Hill  -  Slate. 

Trie  Engineering  JfMining  Journal 


worked,  generally  oreshoots  with  the  | 
longest  dimension  down  the  dip  and  sel- 
dom over  50  ft.  wide.  Some  smaller  ir- 
regular pockets  were  also  worked.  Judg- 
ing by  the  distance  between  workings 
less  than  one-quarter  of  the  outcrop  ex- 
posures could  be  economically  worked. 
No  development  was  attempted. 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  below  the  mines,  a 
silicious  dike,  about  300  ft.  thick,  crosses 
the  foot  of  the  gorge;  on  the  northwest, 
the  slates  of  Tarapaca  hill  cap  it,  but 
on  the  southeast,  the  outcrop  of  the  dike 
is  exposed  where  it  crosses  the  lower 
slope  of  San  Francisco  hill.  The  gold 
veins  do  not  extend  as  far  as  this  dike. 

These  narrow  deposits  are  not  suffi- 
ciently rich  to  be  worked  at  a  profit  on  a 
commercial  scale. 


Ideal  Sections  of  San  Francisco  Hill,     Poto,  Peru 


southern  slope  were  seen  in  the  cliff 
of  Lunar  Grande  and  in  San  Francisco 
hill.  They  are  probably  younger  than 
the  inclosing  slates.  I  believe  they  are 
veins,  not  beds,  and  probably  antedate 
the  uplift,  as  they  are  certainly  older  than 
the  fissures  mentioned  above.  Numerous 
white  quartz  stringers,  containing  pyrite 
and  a  little  gold,  cut  both  slates  and 
bedded  veins  and  are  probably  of  the 
same  age  as  the  fissure  quartz.  In  several 
places,  the  veins  appear  to  split,  but 
without  cutting  the  slates.  A  close-linked 
structure  was  seen  in  the  lower  Zara  vein, 
but  this  is  rare.  Evidence  of  pressure 
exists  in  deep  striations  and,  less  fre- 
quently, gouge  along  the  fault  planes  but 
no  gouge  was  seen  beside  the  veins. 

Character  of  Vein  Quartz 

The  quartz  of  the  bedded  veins  is 
vitreous,  medium  to  coarse  crystalline, 
smoky  in  color  and  apparently,  dark- 
est where  richest.  The  accompanying 
minerals  are  argentiferous  gold,  much  of 


northwest  and  southeast  and  dipping 
southwest.  The  quartz  in  the  saddles 
formed  by  this  crumpling  is  rich  in 
places,  shows  distinctly  the  later  age  of 
the  gold  and  the  association  with  stibnite. 
It  has  been  worked  in  open  trenches,  the 
richest  places  in  which  are  now  said  to  be 
concealed. 

On  the  west  face  of  San  Francisco  hill 
the  beds  strike  northwest  and  southeast 
and  dip  about  15  deg.  southwest.  The  dip 
is  into  the  hill.  The  strata  are  crossed 
by  the  fissures  mentioned  before  and 
sometimes  thrown  by  them  a.  few  feet 
upward  on  the  southwest  side.  The  fol- 
lowing bedded  veins  have  been  distin- 
guished, commencing  with  the  lowest: 
San  Andreas,  Zara,  Juana,  Mantochico, 
San  Francisco,  Limena,  Sufcuna,  X  and 
several  others. 

These  veins  are  separated  from  each 
other  by  wide  intervals  of  slate.  The 
Spaniards  worked  all.  except  the  Juana 
and  Mantochico.  The  shape  of  the  stopes 
indicates    the     shape     of    the     orebodies 


A   New   Mercury  Mineral 

Mosesite  has  been  proposed  as  the 
name  for  a  newly  discovered  mercury 
mineral  from  Terlingua,  Brewster  county, 
Tex.,  in  honor  of  Prof.  Alfred  J.  Moses, 
of  Columbia  University,  who  first  defi- 
nitely described  the  interesting  mercury 
minerals  found  in  Texas.  The  three  min- 
erals, montroydite,  terlinguaite  and  egles- 
tonite,  were  named  and  definitely  deter- 
mined by  Professor  Moses,  and  he  also 
gave  a  preliminary  notice  of  a  fourth  new 
one,  later  called  kleinite.  The  name, 
mosesite,  would  be  particularly  appro- 
priate as  it  links  the  name  of  Professor 
Moses  with  a  group  of  minerals  which  he  ; 
first  defined.  i 

This  mercury  mineral  is  of  limited  oc- 
currence and  has  been  made  the  subject 
of  study  by  F.  A.  Canfield,  W.  F. 
Hillebrand  and  W.  T.  Schaller.  The  re- 
sults of  their  studies  are  recorded  in  the 
September  issue  of  the  American  Journal 
of  Science.  Complete  results  were  not 
obtained  owing  to  the  limited  quantity  of 
the  material  available.  The  luster  of  the 
mineral  is  given  as  adamantine,  and  the 
color  a  rich  lemon  to  canary  yellow.  The 
streak  and  powder  are  a  pale  yellow.  Mr. 
Canfield  is  of  the  opinion  that  there  are 
specimens  of  this  mineral  in  some  collec- 
tions, but  they  have  probably  been  over- 
looked or  incorrectly  labeled.  One  of  the 
specimens  submitted  was  labeled  "terlin- 
guaite," but  it  was  more  like  kleinite  i.n 
appearance. 

Chemical  evidence  points  to  kleinite  be- 
ing a  mixture  or  solution  of  mercury-am- 
monium chloride,  with  a  mercuric  sul- 
phate and  perhaps  chloride.  There  would 
seem  to  be  an  association  of  similar  gen- 
eral character  in  mosesite,  but  with  a 
mercurous  sulphate  or  chloride  replacing 
in  part  or  wholly  the  corresponding  mer- 
curic salts  of  kleinite.  The  crystals  are 
apparently  octohedra  of  the  isometric 
system  and  have  a  tendency  to  grow  to- 
gether, sometimes  in  nearly  parallel  po- 
sition, and  again  in  widely  different  posi- 
tions. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


599 


Car  Distribution  to  Coal   Mines 


Washington    Correspondence 

An  important  decision  has  just  been 
made  public  by  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  in  the  case  of  the  Hinsdale 
Coal  and  Coke  Company  vs.  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Company.  The  point  at 
issue  concerns  the  question  of  distribu- 
tion of  coal  cars  between  mines  and  the 
relation  thereto  of  privately  owned 
cars  as  affecting  the  distribution  of  com- 
mercially owned  cars.  In  this  decision 
it  was  contended  by  the  complainant  that 
physical  capacity  alone  is  the  fair  and 
sound  basis  for  rating  coal  mines  for  car 
distribution.  This  was  not  sustained  but 
it  was  held  that  the  utmost  obligation  on 
a  carrier  under  the  law  is  to  equip  itself 
with  sufficient  cars  to  meet  the   require- 

,  ments  of  the  mine   for  actual  shipment. 

'  The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
has  reaffirmed  its  previous  ruling  to  the 
effect  that  the  owner  of  private  cars  is 
entitled  to  their  exclusive  use  and  that 
foreign-railway  fuel  cars  consigned  to  a 
particular  mine  cannot  be  delivered  to  an- 
other mine,  but  on  the  contrary  that  all 
such  cars  must  be  counted  against  the 
distributive  share  of  the  mine  receiving 
them.  On  the  strength  of  this  finding 
the  commission  holds  that  a  ruling  which 
had  been  put  into  effect  by  the  defendant 
railway  providing  that  the  capacity  in 
tons  of  such  assigned  cars  should  be 
deducted  from  the  rated  capacity  of  the 
mine  receiving  them  was  illegal  and  dis- 
criminatory. 

Privately  Owned  Cars  Apply  to  Dis- 
r  TRiBUTivE  Proportion 

P  After  reviewing  the  situation  as  to  car 
distribution  developed  in  the  case  under 
consideration,  the  commission  says:  "This 
condition  of  affairs  emphasizes  the  in- 
equality of  a  system  of  distribution  that 
first  deducts  from  the  rated  capacity  of 
a  mine  the  tonnage  represented  by  the 
capacity  of  the  cars  specially  assigned  to 
it,  and  then  uses  the  remainder  as  a  new 
basis  for  determining  the  proportion  of 
unassigned  cars  that  the  mine  is  to  have. 
The  figures  presented  show  that  72 
per  cent,  of  all  the  cars  available  on  the 
lines  of  the  defendant  on  the  date  men- 
tioned were  assigned  cars,  and  but  28  per 
cent,  were  unassigned  cars.  Manifestly 
such  a  basis  of  distribution  can  have  but 
one  tendency,  and  that  is,  not  only  to 
increase  steadily  the  physical  capacity  of 
the  mines  that  regularly  receive  this 
large  percentage  of  assigned  cars,  but 
also  steadily  to  increase  their  commercial 
capacity,  an  advantage  which  the  mines 
having,  the  benefit  of  no  assigned  cars 
obviously  cannot  enjoy.  With  such  a 
large  percentage  of  assigned  cars  it  can- 
not be  doubted  that  the  equipment  fur- 
nished to  some  of  these  mines  was  suffi- 
cient to  approximate  their  ratings,  while 


the  small  percentage  of  unassigned  cars 
makes  it  equally  clear  that  the  mines  hav- 
ing no  other  cars  must  have  fallen  sub- 
stantially short  of  their  ratings. 

"We  further  find  that  the  continuance 
of  that  system  of  distribution  for  the 
future  would  be  unlawful  on  the  same 
grounds.  Although  the  mine  owning  private 
cars,  or  to  which  company  or  foreign- 
railway  fuel  cars  are  consigned,  is  en- 
titled to  receive  them  even  though  in 
excess  of  its  ratable  proportion  of  all 
available  coal-car  equipment,  neverthe- 
less the  defendant  will  be  required  in  the 
future  to  count  all  such  cars  against 
the  distributive  share  of  the  mine  so  re- 
ceiving them.  It  is  scarely  necessary  to 
add  that  the  complainant's  second  re- 
quest for  a  finding  and  for  an  order  re- 
quiring the  defendant,  during  the  per- 
centage periods,  to  distribute  ratably 
among  operators,  according  to  the  actual 
output  capacity  of  their  mines,  'all  cars 
adapted  to  and  used  for  carrying  bitumi- 
nous coal,'  whether  company  fuel  cars, 
foreign-railway  fuel  cars,  or  private  cars, 
must   be   denied." 

Specially    Assigned    Cars    Should    Be 
Counted  against  Rating  of  Mine 

In  another  complaint  involving  the 
complaint  of  W.  F.  Jacoby  and  the  Clark 
Brothers  Coal  Mining  Company  against 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  the 
commission  finds  that  a  special  allotment 
daily  of  500  railway  coal  cars  to  a  par- 
ticular operator  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plying foreign  steamships  with  coal  was 
a  discriminatory  practice  so  long  as  they 
were  not  counted  against  the  rating  of 
those  mines  during  the  car  shortage.  Re- 
viewing the  situation,  the  commission  re- 
marks: 

"During  the  years  1902,  1903  and  1904, 
the  employees  of  the  defendant  that  were 
in  charge  of  the  distribution  of  coal-car 
equipment  had  special  orders  for  giving 
to  the  Berwind-White  Coal  Mining  Com- 
pany a  special  allotment  of  500  cars 
daily.  That  company  had  contracts  for 
supplying  coal  for  certain  steamships 
sailing  from  New  York  harbor.  Com- 
plaint had  been  made  that  these  steamers 
were  frequently  delayed  because  of  a 
lack  of  coal,  and  the  defendant  felt  that 
it  was  warranted  in  making  that  special 
arrangement  with  the  coal  mines  that  had 
undertaken  to  supply  them  with  fuel.  This 
preference  was  the  occasion  of  comment 
by  the  commission  in  its  report  in  the 
coal  and  oil  investigation.  Few,  if  any, 
of  these  specially  assigned  cars  reached 
the  Berwind-White  mines  in  this  par- 
ticular mining  district,  and  therefore  it  is 
difficult  to  determine  to  just  what  extent 
these  complainants  were  prejudiced  by 
that  preference  of  a  competing  company's 
operations  in  another  district;  neverthe- 
less it  was  inequitable  in  principle  and 
undoubtedly  so,  to  some  extent  at  least, 
in  its  results,  and  we  see  no  grounds  upon 
which  it  can  be  justified  by  the  commis- 


sion. On  the  contrary,  it  must  be  con- 
demned in  strong  terms  as  an  undue 
preference  of  one  company  and  district 
and  an  undue  discrimination  against  coal 
operations  in  another  district." 


Notes  on  the  Geology  of  the  Rad- 
ersburg  District,   Montana* 


By  D.  C.  Bardt 


The  Radersburg  mining  district  of 
Broadwater  county,  Montana,  is  reached 
by  stage  or  automobile  line  over  1 1  miles 
of  level  road  from  Toston  station,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  railway.  Gold  ores  have 
been  mined  in  the  Radersburg  camp  for 
about  40  years,  the  first  mining  being  for 
placer  gold.  This  was  later  followed  by 
quartz  mining  of  the  oxidized  ores,  which 
were  treated  by  amalgamation  after 
crushing  in  smallstampmillsandarrastres. 
Sulphide  ores  were  usually  encountered 
above  a  depth  of  100  ft.,  and  in  recent 
years  the  demand  for  ores  of  this  latter 
type  by  the  smelteries  at  Butte  and  Hel- 
ena has  resulted  in  renewed  activity  in 
the  district. 

Ores    in     Narrow    Fissure    Veins    in 
Igneous  Intrusives  in  Cretaceous 

The  Radersburg  ores  occur  in  narrow 
fissure  veins  in  porphyritic  rocks,  the 
veins  usually  striking  north  and  south 
and  dipping  steeply  to  the  west.  They 
are  little  faulted.  The  unoxidized  vein 
matter  consists  of  auriferous  pyrite  in  a 
gangue  of  calcite  and  quartz.  Chal- 
copyrite,  sphalerite  galena,  marcasite, 
chalcocite  and  pyrrhotite  occur  rarely. 

The  Elkhorn  district  and  the  eastern 
edge  of  the  granite  batholith,  in  which 
occur  the  Butte  ore  deposits,  are  14  miles 
west  of  Radersburg.  Passing  east  toward 
Radersburg,  a  syncline  is  succeeded  by 
a  well  developed  anticline,  across  which 
a  section  is  exposed  down  to  the  Al- 
gonkian.  On  the  east  side  of  this  anti- 
cline at  the  horizon  of  Cretaceous  rocks, 
the  Radersburg  mineralization  occurs  in 
igneous  rocks,  or  associated  with  igneous 
rocks,  that  have  broken  through  Cretac- 
eous shales,  sandstones  and  limestones. 
The  mineralized  zone  extends  north  and 
south  for  about  20  miles.  The  relations 
of  the  igneous  rocks  are  complicated  and 
have  not  been  worked  out.  Some  of  the 
andesites  and  felsites  may  be  surface 
flows,  though  most  of  them  appear  to  be 
intrusive. 

Hot  Spring  Deposits  Probably  Associ- 
ated WITH  Vein  Mineralization 

Secondar>'  enrichment  of  the  oxidized 
ores  is  not  marked,  and  there  is  no  indi- 
cation of  decrease  of  gold  content  in  the 


•Aljstrnct  ot  article  publlsbod  In  .Tiilv. 
1!)1(i.  Issue  of  the  Journ.  of  the  Assoc,  of 
EnK.  Soc. 

■JMinliiR  enKlnecr.  4.'?fi  Ph(i[>nlx  hloik.  nnltc. 
Ml. lit. 


600 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


veins  at  the  depth  to  which  they  are 
worlsed.  evidence  rather  pointing  to  the 
contrary.  Tertiary  lake  beds  conceal  the 
underlying  rocks  over  much  of  the  camp. 
In  these  lake  beds  numerous  hot-spring 
deposits  occur.  Evidence  points  to  the 
fact  that  these  may  represent  a  stage  of 
the  mineralization  of  the  producing  veins, 
as  both  have  a  calcite  gangue  and  the  hot- 
spring  deposits  seem  to  cap  veins  as  a 
general  rule.  Traces  of  gold  are  also 
found  in  the  hot-spring  deposits. 


Gold  Park  District,  California 

Los  Angeles   Correspondence 

Gold  Park  lies  a  few  miles  south  of 
Twenty-nine  Palms,  near  the  county  line 
separating  San  Bernardino  and  Riverside 
counties,  California.  The  elevation  varies 
from  3500  to  4200  ft.  above  sea  level. 
The  camp  of  the  Gold  Park  Consolidated 
Mines,  the  chief  operator  in  the  district, 
is  accessible  by  desert  wagon  roads  from 
various  directions;  from  Palm  Springs 
on  the  Southern  Pacific,  or  Bagdad  on 
the  Santa  Fe  railroad,  the  distance  is  45 
miles.  From  Indio  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
the  distance  is  about  35  miles. 

Geology 
The  principal  country  rocks  of  the  dis- 
trict are  of  igneous  origin  and  consist 
chiefly  of  granites  of  varying  composition 
and  texture.  Syenite,  apatite,  diorite  and 
porphyritic  rocks  are  plentiful.  Some 
quartzite,  evidently  metamorphosed  from 
a  coarse-grained  sandstone,  appears  in 
places.  The  country  is  mountainous  and 
is  cut  by  many  canons.  The  surface  is 
largely  covered  by  wash  and  boulders  of 
granite  and  kindred  rocks.  Hornblende 
predominates  in  the  granitic  rocks.  As 
far  as  development  has  progressed  the 
ore  is  in  the  form  of  free  gold  carried 
in  a  quartz  gangue,  impregnated  in  places 
by  iron  oxide.  Sulphide,  consisting  chiefly 
of  iron  pyrites,  is  beginning  to  show  at 
190  ft.  in  the  Black  Warrior  shaft."  With 
the  exception  of  the  Black  Warrior,  the 
veins  vary  from  1  to  5  ft.  wide,  averag- 
ing a  little  more  than  2  feet. 

Gold  Park  Consolidated  Operations 
The  Gold  Park  company  owns  52 
claims,  divided  into  the  Warrior.  No.  2 
and  Main  groups.  Work  at  present  is 
being  confined  to  the  Black  and  White 
Warrior,  although  leases  have  been  let 
recently  on  the  Main  group.  On  the 
Warrior  group  a  quartz  vein  varying 
from  40  to  60  ft.  in  width  has  been  ex- 
posed by  surface  cuts  for  a  distance  of 
seven  claim  lengths.  On  the  Black 
Warrior  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  to  a 
depth  of  200  ft.  and  two  shifts  are  work- 
ing to  put  it  down  to  the  500  level.  The 
shaft  is  on  the  vein  and  about  1400 
tons  of  ore  are  now  on  the  dump.  Some 
drifting  has  been  done  and  the  company 
has  decided,  on  the  strength  of  the  ore 


showing  here  and  in  the  leased  claims,  to 
erect  a  mill  of  moderate  capacity.  The 
ore  from  this  shaft  goes  about  $30  per  ton 
in  gold,  the  bulk  of  the  rock  hoisted  being 
ore.  This  shaft  is  equipped  with  a  small 
air  compressor  and  hoist,  both  operated 
by  gasolene  engine. 

On  the  Main  group  leases  have  been 
let  on  the  Boss  and  No.  6  claim.  The 
Boss  is  developed  by  three  shafts,  the 
deepest  being  100  ft.  deep.  Underground 
work  here  has  proved  the  ore  to  occur 
in  shoots  of  varying  size  and  tenor.  Some 
rich  ore  has  been  encountered,  the  aver- 
age being  about  S30  per  ton.  The  vein 
branches  on  this  claim  and  a  shaft  has 
been  sunk  on  each  branch  and  at  the 
fork.  Leasers  are  working  in  the  last- 
mentioned  shaft. 

The  vein  on  claim  No.  6,  Main  group, 
has  a  north-south  strike  and  dips  west- 
erly. A  shaft  has  been  sunk  136  ft.  on 
the  vein,  and  is  in  2  ft.  of  ore  averaging 
S50    per    ton    for    practically    its    whole 


Anaconda  Mine  and  Mill 

With  the  exception  of  the  Anaconda, 
situated  1 '  _.  miles  west  of  group  No.  2 
of  the  Gold  Park  company,  and  possibly 
a  few  prospectors,  there  are  at  present 
no  other  operations  in  the  district.  The 
Anaconda,  operated  by  Edward  MacDer- 
mott  and  associates,  of  Los  Angeles,  is 
developed  by  a  shaft  100  ft.  deep.  Two  ' 
crews  are  drifting  on  the  100  and  the 
ore  mined  is  being  sent  to  the  small 
mill  at  Twenty-nine  Palms.  The  ore  here 
varies  in  grade,  but  by  sorting  is  kept 
up  to  about  $30  per  ton  in  gold.  About 
SI 000  per  week  is  being  obtained  from 
ore  milled. 

The  mill  at  Twenty-nine  Palms,  under 
the  same  management  as  the  Anaconda 
mine,  is  of  the  Bryan  type  and  is  cap- 
able of  treating  about  20  tons  of  ore  per 
day.  It  is  planned  to  add  a  cyanide  de- 
partment as  the  tailings  from  some  of 
the  rich  ore  run  comparatively  high.    The 


California   Boy  Shaft,  Gold   Park  Consolidated  Mines.  California. 


depth.  Leasers  are  working  here.  An- 
other shallow  shaft  on  this  claim  shows 
ore  of  greater  width  but  much  lower  gold 
tenor.  For  the  present  the  leasers  on  the 
Boss  and  No.  6  expect  to  haul  ore  to 
the  mill  at  Twenty-nine  Palms,  about 
7  miles  distant.  Arrangements  are  under 
way  to  lease  the  Atlantic  claim  of  the 
.Main  group.  This  claim  is  developed  by 
four  shafts,  the  deepest  of  which  is  100 
ft.,  two  tunnels.  120  and  218  ft.  respect- 
ively, and  a  I50-ft.  open  cut.  No  work 
is  being  done  on  group  No.  2  at  this 
time.  The  total  development  on  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Gold  Park  company  consists 
of  nine  shafts  varying  from  65  to  320  ft. 
in  depth,  and  about  4000  ft.  of  drifts. 
Also  there  are  many  shallow  shafts  and 
cuts.  Work  at  this  time  is  not  being 
conducted  on  a  large  scale  but  future 
plans  indicate  a  wider  range  of  opera- 
tions. As  soon  as  more  depth  is  gained 
in  the  Black  Warrior  shaft  work  will  be 
pushed  at  this  point. 


improvement  of  this  mill  and  the  con- 
struction of  an  uptodate  mill  and  cyanide 
plant  by  the  Cold  Park  company  shruld 
do  much  toward  the  development  of  the 
district. 


ure 


Radi 


lum 


Mme.  Curie,  who  with  her  husband  dis- 
covered radium,  has  now  succeeded  in 
collaboration  with  Prof.  Dubiern  in  ob- 
taining pure  radium  in  metallic  form. 
By  using  the  one-hundredth  of  a  grain 
of  radium  salts  they  produced  an  in- 
finitesimally  small  amount  of  radium  it- 
self. This  is  in  appearance  a  white  metal. 
It  rapidly  oxidized  when  exposed  to  the 
air.      It    almost    instantly    became    black. 

The  metal  thus  obtained  when  placed 
on  a  piece  of  iron  clung  to  it  tenaciously, 
and  when  brought  in  contact  with  paper 
set  fire  to  it.  It  was  also  found  that  it 
decomposes  water  rapidly. 


I 


September  24.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


601 


The    Prevention   of   Mine   Accidents 

Proposal  of  Uniform  Legislation    by  the  Several    States.     Draft  for  a 
Law.       Emphasis  Placed  upon  the  Necessity  for  Adequate   Inspection 


REPORT        OF        COMMITTEE 


The  committee  making  this  report  was 
appointed  at  the  meeting  of  the  American 
Mining  Congress,  at  Denver,  Colo.,  in 
November,  1906.  The  appointment  had 
in  view  the  drafting  of  a  law  for  the 
regulation  of  quarrying  and  metalliferous 
mining  under  the  police  laws  of  the 
States,  with  the  hope  that  the  uniform 
adoption  of  such  a  law  would  tend  to  re- 
duce the  number  of  accidents  in  mining. 

Drafting  \  La\x 

The  chief  work  of  the  committee  has 
been  in  the  preparation  of  a  draft  for  a 
law.  In  the  preparation  of  this  draft,  the 
committee  has  had  in  mind  the  preparation 
of  a  law  that  will  be  effective,  and  not 
merely  a  code  of  rules  and  \regulations 
of  which  the  enforcement  will  be  largely 
optional. 

The  committee  has  aimed  to  fix  re- 
sponsibility upon  operator,  superintend- 
ent, foreman  and  miner  respectively, 
and  the  failure  on  their  part  to  comply 
with  the  terms  of  the  law  is  to  be  punish- 
able by  suitable  penalties.  The  enforce- 
ment of  the  law  is  charged  primarily 
upon  the  inspector  of  mines,  who  is  to  be 
to  all  intents  and  purposes  a  policeman. 

The  conditions  of  mining  in  the  various 
parts  of  the  United  States  are  widely 
different.  The  basic  laws  of  the  several 
States  also  differ  to  more  or  less  extent. 
It  has  been  beyond  the  ability  of  this 
committee  to  draft  a  law,  which  it  can  say 
with  assurance  will  be  equitable  under 
all  conditions  obtaining  in  mining  in  the 
United  States;  or  will  be  in  conformity 
with  the  basic  laws  of  all  the  States. 
Consequently,  the  committee  presents  its 
present  draft  as  a  preliminary,  and  in- 
vites criticism  for  its  assistance  in  pre- 
paring a  final  report. 

.  Although  the  duties  of  this  committee 
were  limited  to  quarrying  and  metallifer- 
ous mining,  the  committee  suggests  that 
its  draft  for  a  law  may  advantageously 
he  made  to  apply  to  all  kinds  of  mining 
in  those  States  which  have  no  special 
colliery  law. 

Coal  mining  and  itietal  mining  do 
not  differ  in  principle  to  so  great  an 
extent  as  is  popularly  supposed.  The 
fundamental  rules  for  safety  in  metal 
mining  apply  also  to  coal  mining,  but  the 
latter  has  dangers  peculiar  to  itself  which 
•liould  be  considered  in  special  provisions 

N.iTK — ThP  Pntlio  rpport  Is  too  volnmlnons 

'     rpprodiiption    in    our    coliinins.      \Vp    linvp 

'inod    nnrsplvps    tn    flic    poi-tlons    of    psspti- 

'v    Ipi-linicnl    cliiirartPi'.   oinltflii).-   Ilip    morp 

■  ly    iPiral  and   administratlvp  provisions     - 

i    I'lTOIl. 


in    those    States    where    coal    mining    is 
extensively  carried  on. 

Adequate  System  of  Mine  Inspection 
Essential 

In  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  the  es- 
sential steps  toward  reducing  the  loss  of 
life  in  metalliferous  mining  are  (II  a 
comprehensive  and  effective  law;  and  (2) 
an  adequate  system  of  mine  inspection. 
The  latter  is  the  keynote  of  progress. 
Much  can  be  accomplished  by  an  ade- 
quate system  of  mine  inspection,  even  if 
a  comprehensive  law  be  lacking,  but  no 
matter  how  thorough  and  effective  in  the- 
ory a  law  may  be,  it  will  fail  in  its  pur- 
pose unless  provision  be  made  for  its 
sincere,  impartial  and  positive  enforce- 
ment by  an  adequate  system  of  compe- 
tent mine  inspection. 

To  secure  such  a  system  of  mine  in- 
spection, the  States  must  appropriate  a 
good  deal  more  money  than  any  has  yet 
done.  Each  State  must  have  a  inine  in- 
spector, and  he  must  be  provided  with  a 
sufficient  number  of  deputies  to  enable 
frequent  inspections  of  all  operating 
niines  to  be  made.  One  inspection  of  a 
mine  in  a  year  is  not  enough.  The  in- 
spector and  deputies  must,  moreover,  be 
provided  with  proper  funds  for  clerical 
work,  traveling  expenses,  etc.  So  far  as 
we  are  aware,  the  State  of  Colorado 
makes  the  largest  appropriation  for  in- 
spection of  metal  mines,  its  appropriation 
being  825,000  per  year.  Other  important 
mining  States  appropriate  only  SIO.OOO. 
In  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  such 
appropriations  are  utterly  inadequate. 
For  States  possessing  a  mining  industry 
of  the  importance  of  that  in  Colorado, 
Utah,  Montana,  Nevada,  California,  and, 
in  fact,  all  of  the  States  and  territories 
west  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  an  annual 
appropriation  of  .SSO.OOO  to  SIOCOOO  per 
State  is  necessary.  Such  expenditures 
are  thoroughly  justified  by  the  importance 
of  the  end  to  be  gained. 

High  Death  Rate  in  American  Mines 
.At  the  present  time  the  number  of  per- 
sons killed  annually  by  accident  in  the 
metalliferous  mines  of  the  United  States 
is  probably  in  the  neighborhood  of  500, 
estimating  upon  the  rate  of  3.09  per 
thousand  as  determined  by  Frederick  L. 
Hoffman.  In  many  important  foreign 
countries,  the  death  rate  is  less  than  1 '/. 
per  thousand.  We  operate  in  this  coun- 
try at  a  more  intense  rate  than  in  manv 
foreign  countries,  and  perhaps  our  death 
rate  per  tonnage  of  ore  produced  per 
man  would  not  compare  so  unfavorably, 


and  because  of  this  more  intense  opera- 
tion it  may  be  impossible  for  us  to  attain 
the  low  rates  of  some  foreign  countries. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  it  is  not 
only  underground  but  also  overground 
that  accidents  are  more  numerous  in  this 
country  than  in  Europe.  There  is  a  spirit 
of  recklessness  in  this  whole  land  that 
leads  people  to  take  risks  that  the  Eu- 
ropean population  avoid.  But  certainly 
our  mining  practice  is  capable  of  great 
improvement  with  respect  to  the  safety 
of  the  miners,  and  the  magnitude  of  the 
annual  loss  justifies  a  large  State  ex- 
penditure for  the  purpose  of  its  reduction. 
Consequently,  the  committee  empha- 
sizes strongly  that  the  reduction  of  loss 
of  life  in  mining  is  dependent  chiefly 
upon  the  money  that  the  people  of  the 
respective  States  are  willing  to  spend 
for  the  enforcement  of  their  mining  laws, 
and  in  such  expenditures  the  committee 
urges  great  liberality. 

It  is  essential  that  mine  inspection  be 
impartial — absolutely  free  from  all  political 
personal  and  selfish  interests;  and,  more- 
over, that  it  be  competent.  In  its  draft 
for  a  law,  the  committee  has  incorpor- 
ated,aftervery  careful  consideration,  qual- 
ifications for  mine  inspectors,  which,  in 
its  opinion,  will  provide  the  essential  con- 
ditions stated  above. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

Walter  Renton  Incalls,  Chairman. 

J.  Parke  Channing 

.James  Douglas 

J.   R.   FlNLAY 

.John  Hays  Hammond 
New  York,  Sept.  1,  1910. 

Provisions  of  the  Proposed  Law      • 
An  Act,  relating  to  metalliferous  mines 

in  the  State  of and    to 

provide  for  the  health  and  safety  of  per- 
sons  employed  in   and  about   the   same. 
Sec.  1.  The  terms  of  this  act  shall  apply 
to  all  quarries  and  metalliferous  mines  in 

the  State  of employing  more  than 

10  persons  in  any  period  of  24  hours. 

Sec.  2.  The  governor  of  the  State,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
senate,  shall  appoint  an  inspector  of 
mines.  The  inspector  of  mines  shall  be  at 
least  30  years  of  age,  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  a  resident  of  this  State  for 
at  least  one  year  previous  to  his  appoint- 
ment, and  shall  be  practically  engaged  in 
metalliferous  mining,  and  shall  have  had 
at  least  10  years'  experience  in  under- 
ground mining  in  the  United  States  of 
America.  The  inspector  of  itiines  (but 
not  the  deputy  inspectors)  must  have 
been  for  at  least  five  years  in  charge  of  a 


602 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


mine,  <n  the  United  States  of  America, 
employing  50  or  more  men  underground, 
to  be  qualified  for  such  office. 

Sec.  3.  All  deputy  inspectors  appointed 
under  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall 
be  subject  at  any  time  to  removal  by  the 
inspector.  The  inspector  shall  also  ap- 
point hereafter  such  additional  deputies 
as  the  legislature  may  provide,  who  shall, 
when  so  appointed  by  the  legislature,  be 
in  all  ways  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
this  section.  In  case  of  vacancy  in  the 
office  of  any  deputy  inspector  caused  by 
death,  removal  or  otherwise,  the  inspector 
of  mines  shall  forthwith  fill  such  vacancy. 
The  qualifications  of  all  deputy  inspectors 
shall  be  the  same  as  those  required  in  the 
case  of  the  inspector  of  mines,  as  set 
forth  in  section  2  of  this  act;  excepting, 
however,  that  such  deputy  inspectors 
shall  have  been  for  two  years  in  charge 
of  a  mine,  in  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica, employing  at  least  25  men  under- 
ground. 

Qualifications  and  Powers  of  In- 
spectors 

Sec.  4.  No  person  shall  be  appointed 
to  the  office  of  inspector  or  deputy  inspec- 
tor, nor  be  qualified  to  hold  the  office  of 
inspector  or  deputy  inspector,  while  an 
employee,  director  or  officer  of  any  min- 
ing, milling  or  smelting  company;  or 
while  directly  or  indirectly  connected 
with  any  mining  company  or  copartner- 
ship operating  in  this  State,  either  as 
stockholder,  partner,  or  in  any  other  ca- 
pacity; or  while  engaged  in  private  prac- 
tice as  a  consulting  engineer.  The  in- 
spector and  each  deputy  must  devote  his 
entire  time  to  the  duties  of  their  respec- 
tive offices;  and  it  shall  he  unlawful  for 
the  inspector,  or  any  deputy,  to  be  other- 
wise employed  by  the  State  of  

or  to  act  directly  or  indirectly,  for  or  on 
behalf  of  any  candidate  for  public  office, 
or  for  any  political  party,  or  receive  com- 
pensation either  directly  or  indirectly 
from  any  candidate  for  public  office  or 
from  any  political  party  in  the  State  dur- 
ing the  terms  of  such  inspector  or  deputy 
inspector. 

Duties  of  Inspectors  and  Powers 
Sec.  11.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  in- 
spector of  mines  by  himself  or  by  deputy 
to  visit  at  least  once  every  two  months 
every  mine  in  the  State  employing  50  or 
more  men  underground;  and  every  other 
mine  at  least  once  every  year  and  oftener 
if  in  his  opinion  the  safety  of  the  men 
employed  within  the  mine  so  requires. 

For  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  facts 
in  connection  with  any  inspection,  inquiry 
or  examination,  the  said  inspector,  or  any 
deputy,  shall  have  full  power  to  compel 
the  attendance  of  witnesses  by  subpccna, 
and  to  take  depositions,  to  administer 
oaths  and  to  examine,  cross-examine  and 
take  testimony  of  such  persons  as  may 
be  deemed  nee»ssary  for  the  information 
of  the  inspector  or  his  deputies. 


Sec.  12.  Whenever  the  inspector  shall 
find  any  mine,  or  part  of  any  mine,  in  an 
unsafe  condition,  by  reason  of  any  viola- 
tion of  any  of  the  rules  or  provisions  of 
this  act,  or  in  a  condition  dangerous  or 
detrimental  to  the  life  or  health  of  those 
employed  therein,  for  the  same  reason  or 
by  reason  of  defects  in  timbering,  mining, 
ventilation  or  sanitation,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  inspector  at  once  to  serve  or 
cause  to  be  served  a  notice  in  writing 
upon  the  operator  of  such  mine,  and  such 
notice  shall  set  forth  in  detail  the  na- 
ture and  extent  of  the  defects  which 
render  the  mine  or  part  of  the  mine  un- 
safe, dangerous,  or  detrimental  to  the  life 
or  health  of  those  employed  therein,  to- 
gether with  the  point  or  place  in  the  mine, 
or  in  the  workings  of  the  mine,  where 
such  defects  exist,  and  such  notice  shall 
require  such  necessary  changes  to  be 
made  in  such  mine  or  part  of  the  mine 
v.'ithout  delay,  and  within  a  specified  time 
in  the  discretion  of  the  inspector,  to  make 
the  same  conform  io  the  provisions  of  this 
act. 

Care  of  Injured 

Sec.  21 — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  oper- 
ators, superintendents  or  anyone  in 
charge  of  any  mine  where  10  or  more 
men  are  employed,  to  keep  at  the  mouth 
of  the  drift,  shaft  or  slope,  or  at  such 
other  place  about  the  mine  as  may  be 
designated  by  the  inspector,  a  stretcher 
and  a  woolen  and  waterproof  blanket,  in 
good  condition,  for  use  in  carrying  any 
person  who  may  be  injured  at  the  mine. 
Where  more  than  200  persons  are  em- 
ployed, two  stretchers  and  two  woolen 
and  waterproof  blankets  shall  be  kept. 
And  at  all  mines  a  supply  of  antiseptic 
gauze,  carbolated  vaseline,  sponges,  soap, 
carbolic  acid,  tablets  of  bichloride  of 
mercury,  linseed  oil,  bandages,  suitable 
towels  and  a  wash  basin  shall  be  kept 
readily  accessible  for  the  treatment  of 
anyone  injured: 

Provided,  that  in  all  mines  where  500 
or  more  men  are  employed,  a  first-aid 
corps  must  be  organized,  consisting  of 
the  foreman  or  foremen,  shift  bosses, 
timekeepers  and  other  employees,  desig- 
nated by  the  superintendent;  and  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  operator  or  superin- 
tendent of  the  mine  to  cause  the  organ- 
ization of  such,  and  to  procure  the  ser- 
vices of  a  competent  surgeon  or  physi- 
cian to  instruct  the  members  of  such 
first-aid  corps  from  time  to  time,  not 
less  than  once  in  each  calendar  year,  in 
the  proper  handling  and  treatment  of 
injured  persons  before  the  arrival  of  a 
physician. 

Storage  of  Inflammable  Material 

Sec.  24 — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
operator  or  superintendent  of  each  mine 
to  store,  or  cause  to  be  stored,  oils  and 
other  dangerously  inflammable  materials 
in  a  covered  building,  kept  solely  for 
such    storage,    which    building    shall    be 


at  least  100  ft.  from  any  other  building 
and  at  least  300  ft.  from  any  powder 
magazine.  The  man  in  charge  of  such 
building,  who  shall  be  the  superintend- 
ent, or  a  person  expressly  designated  by 
him,  shall  permit  only  sufficient  oil  or 
other  inflammable  material  to  be  taken 
from  such  building  to  meet  the  (-equire- 
ments  of  one  day.  If  any  oil  or  gaso- 
lene storage  be  so  situated  that  leakage 
would  permit  the  oil  or  gasolene  to  flow 
within  the  above  specified  distance, 
means  to  prevent  such  flow  must  be  pro- 
vided. 

Storage  of  E.xplosives 

Sec.  25 — No  blasting  powder  or  any 
high  explosive  containing  nitroglycerin 
shall  be  stored  in   any  mine. 

Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  section 
shall  be  construed  to  prevent  the  oper- 
ator of  any  mine  from  keeping  sufficient 
blasting  powder  or  other  high  explosive 
within  such  mine  to  meet  the  estimated 
requirements  of  such  mine  during  the 
succeeding  24  hours;  and  provided 
further  that  such  temporary  supply 
shall  not  be  kept  at  any  place  within 
such  mine,  where  its  accidental  discharge 
would  cut  off  the  escape  of  miners  work- 
ing therein. 

All  blasting  powder,  or  other  high  ex- 
plosive, in  excess  of  the  temporary  sup- 
ply required  in  such  mine  shall  be  stored 
in  a  magazine  placed  not  less  than  300 
fi.  distant  from  any  shaft,  adit,  habita- 
tion, public  highway,  public  railway,  or 
from  the  boundary  line  of  any  mining 
property; 

Provided,  however,  that  in  cases  where 
the  location  of  any  mining  property 
makes  it  impossible  to  comply  with  the 
provisions  of  this  section,  the  inspector 
may  grant  permission  in  writing  to  the 
operator  of  such  mining  property  to 
place  such  magazine  in  some  other  place 
on  such  mining  property,  if,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  said  inspector  such  location 
shall  not  be  dangerous  to  the  safety  of 
those  employed  within  such  mine. 

Protection  of  Powder  AIagazines 
Every  magazine  where  powder  or  other 
high  explosive  is  stored  as  provided  in 
this  section,  shall  be  ventilated;  and  if 
it  be  a  building  above  the  surface  of  the 
ground  it  shall  be  provided  with  a  light- 
ning conductor  supported  on  a  vertical 
post  standing  clear  of  such  magazine, 
and  not  nearer  \han  18  in.  from  one  of 
the  walls  thereof  and  rising  at  least  6 
ft.  above  the  highest  point  of  such  mag- 
azine; such  lightning  conductor  shall  be 
carried  to  a  properly  laid  earth  plate,  set 
in  the  ground  at  a  depth  below  the  per- 
manent moisture  line  of  the  ground  and 
at  a  distance  of  at  least  I  ft.  outside  of 
the  foundation  walls  of  said  magazine. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  operator  to 
enforce  the  carrying  out  of  this  section 
and  any  failure  on  the  part  of  said  op- 
erator so  to  do  shall  be  deemed  a  violr.- 
tion  of  this  act. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


603 


Marking  of  Explosives 

Sec.  26 — It  shall  be  unlawful  for  the 
operator  or  superintendent  of  any  mine 
to  permit  the  use  within  such  mine  of 
any  explosive  containing  nitroglycerin 
unless  there  shall  be  plainly  printed  or 
marked,  in  the  English  language,  on 
every  original  package  containing  such 
explosive  the  name  and  place  of  business 
of  the  manufacturer  of  such  explosive, 
together  with  the  date  of  its  manufacture. 

Blasting 

Sec.  30 — Gang  bosses  shall  be  in  im- 
mediate charge,  and  responsible  for 
blasting  within  the  mine.  It  shall  be  their 
duty  to  see  that  no  iron  or  steel  tools 
shall  be  used  for  tamping  and  all  miners 
are  hereby  forbidden  to  use  iron  or  steel 
tools  for  such  purposes  under  penalty  of 
a  misdemeanor.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  mine  foreman  to  fix  the  time  of  all 
blasting  and  firing.  Gang  bosses  and 
miners  about  to  fire  shots  shall  cause 
warnings  to  be  given  in  every  direction, 
and  all  entrances  to  the  place  or  places 
where  charges  are  to  be  fired  shall  be 
guarded  while  such  firing  is  going  on. 
Failure  on  the  part  of  gang  bosses  or 
miners  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of 
this  section  shall  be  deemed  a  violation 
of  this  act.  The  number  of  shots  explod- 
ing, except  in  cases  of  electric  firing, 
shall  be  counted  by  the  miner  firing 
same.  If  said  miner  be  not  certain  that 
ill  the  shots  have  exploded,  no  one  shall 
36  permitted  to  enter  the  places  where 
;uch  charges  were  placed,  for  a  period 
>f  30  minutes  after  the  fuses  were 
ighted.  Such  misfire,  occuring  at  change 
,  if  any  shift  shall  be  reported  to  the  mine 
'oreman,  shift  boss  and  to  the  miner  of 
he   following  shift. 

In   the   event   of  shots   fired   by   elec- 
ricity,  then  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
•  »erson  knowingly  to  enter  the  vicinity  of 
he  mine  where  such  shots  are  fired,  un- 
it   the    cable    of   the    firing    battery    has 
leen  disconnected;   it  shall   be   the   duty 
if  the  gang  boss  or  miner  in  charge  of 
he  shot  firing  to  see  that  all  such  cables 
re  disconnected  immediately  after  such 
ring,  and  to  examine,  or  direct  the  ex- 
minations  of  such  places  where  shots  are 
red,   before    any   men   are   permitted    to 
ork  therein.     All   miners  shall   inimed- 
itely  report  to  the  gang  boss,  shift  boss 
I  mine  foreman  the  finding  of  any  loose 
ires  under  or  in  the  rock  loosened  by 
uch  firing,  and  in  such  event  the  mine 
oreman,  or  in  his  absence  the  shift  boss, 
r  gang  boss,  shall   at  once  order  work 
1   cease    until    such     wires     have     been 
aced  to  their  terminals.     It  shall  be  the 
iity  of  the  mine   foreman  to  see  that  no 
;irrent  of  higher  than  250  volts  shall  be 
J  when  firing  by  electricity. 
It  shall  be  unlawful   for  any  miner  to 
xtract  or  attempt  to  extract  explosives 
"om    a     hole     which     has    once     been 
Kirged,  but  in  every  such  case  a  fresh 


charge  shall  be  inserted  above  the  missed 
explosive,  and  the  same  shall  be  then 
detonated.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
miner  to  deepen  holes,  or  any  part  of 
holes,  left  standing  or  abandoned,  and 
theretofore  charged  with  explosives. 

DuTiKs  OF  Hoisting  Engineer 

Sec.  32 — The  following  rules  shall  be 
observed  by 'every  hoisting  engineer  em- 
ployed  within   this   State: 

( 1 )  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  hoist- 
ing engineer  to  keep  a  careful  watch  over 
his  engine  and  over  all  machinery  under 
his  charge. 

(2)  He  shall  at  all  times  be  in  im- 
mediate charge  of  his  engine,  and  shall 
not  at  any  time  delegate  any  of  his  duties 
to  any  other  person,  except  to  appren- 
tices, duly  designated  as  provided  in  this 
act;  provided,  however,  nothing  herein 
contained  shall  be  construed  to  prevent 
any  hoisting  engineer  delegating  to  or 
sharing  his  duties  with  any  other  duly 
appointed  hoisting  engineer,  or  turning 
over  the  engine  and  machinery  in  his 
charge  to  any  other  such  engineer  at  the 
end   of  his  shift. 

(3)  He  shall  familiarize  himself  with 
and  use  all  signal  codes  for  hoisting  and 
lowering  as  directed  to  be  used  in  this 
act. 

(4)  He  shall  not  run  his  engine  un- 
less the  same  is  properly  provided  with 
adequate  brakes,  indicators  and  distance 
marks  on  hoisting  ropes  or  cables,  as 
provided    in   this   act. 

(5)  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  hoist- 
ing engineer  to  exclude  every  person 
from  his  engine  room,  excepting  any  per- 
son or  persons  whose  duties  require  their 
presence  therein,  and  visitors  authorized 
by  the  superintendent  of  the  mine. 

(6)  He  shall  hold  no  conversation 
with  anyone  while  his  engine  is  in  mo- 
tion, or  while  attending  to  signals. 

(7)  He  must  run  his  engine  with  ex- 
treme caution,  whenever  men  are  on  the 
hoisting   cage. 

(8)  He  shall  not  hoist  men  out  of,  or 
lower  men  into,  any  mine  or  shaft  at  a 
speed  greater  than  800  ft.  per  minute. 

(9)  He  shall  inspect  all  hoisting  ma- 
chinery and  safety  appliances  connected 
therewith,  and  all  ropes  and  hoisting  ap- 
paratus, when  and  as  directed  by  the 
mine  superintendent,  and  shall  report  to 
him  any  defects  found  therein. 

(10)  After  any  stoppage  of  hoisting  for 
repairs  or  for  any  other  purpose  exceed- 
ing in  duration  one  hour,  he  shall  run  a 
cage  or  other  conveyance,  unloaded,  up 
and  down  the  working  portion  of  the 
shaft,  at  least  once,  and  shall  not  permit 
the  cage  or  other  conveyance  to  be  used 
until  the  hoisting  machinery  and  shaft 
are  found  to  be  in  safe  condition. 

(11)  He  shall  do  no  hoisting  in  any 
compartment  of  a  shaft  while  repairs  are 
being  made  in  the  said  hoisting  compart- 
ment, excepting  such  hoisting  as  may  be 
necessary  to  make  such  repairs. 


(12)  He  shall  familiarize  himself 
with  and  carry  out  the  requirements  of 
rules  7,  8,  9.  10,  11,  12,  19  and  20  of 
section  37  of  this  act. 

(13)  Any  hoisting  engineer  or  any 
person  having  in  charge  the  hoisting  ma- 
chinery connected  with  the  mine  who 
shall  wilfully  violate  any  of  the  provi- 
sions of  this  section,  or  any  of  the  rules 
contained  therein,  or  who  shall  wilfully 
violate  any  of  the  provisions  of  rules  7, 
8,  9,  10,  11,  12,  19  and  20  of  section  37 
of  this  act  shall,  upon  conviction,  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  violation  of  this  act, 
and  liable  to  punishment  accordingly. 

(14)  The  superintendent  shall  post  a 
copy  of  this  section  and  the  last  preced- 
ing section  in  a  conspicuous  place  on  the 
door  of  the  engine   house. 

Hoisting  Ropes 

Sec.  33.  It  shall  be  unlawful  to  use 
in  any  mine,  included  within  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act,  any  rope  or  cable  for 
hoisting  or  lowering  either  men  or  ma- 
terial, when  such  hoisting  or  lowering 
is  done  by  any  means  other  than  human 
or  animal  power,  unless  such  rope  or 
cable  shall  be  composed  of  iron  or  steel 
wires,  with  a  factor  of  safety  determined 
as  hereinafter  set  forth: 

Provided,  however,  that  such  iron  or 
steel  wires  may  be  laid  around  a  hemp 
center. 

The  factor  of  safety  of  all  such  ropes 
or  cables  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than 
five,  and  shall  be  calculated  by  dividing 
the  breaking  strength  of  the  rope  as  given 
in  the  manufacturers'  published  tables, 
by  the  sum  of  the  maximum  load  to  be 
hoisted,  plus  the  total  weight  of  the  rope 
in  the  shaft  when  fully  let  out,  plus  10 
per  cent,  of  such  values,  to  take  account 
of  shock  at  starting  and  stopping. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  to  use  any  rope  or 
cable  for  the  raising  and  lowering  of  men, 
either  when  the  number  of  breaks  in  any 
running  foot  of  said  rope  exceeds  10  per 
cent,  of  the  total  number  of  wires  com- 
posing the  rope,  or  when  the  wires  on  the 
crown  of  the  strands  are  worn  down  to 
less  than  one-half  their  orginal  diameter, 
or  when  the  superficial  inspection  provid- 
ed for  in  this  section  shows  marked  signs 
of  corrosion. 

.Ml  ropes  must  be  superficially  inspect- 
ed once  in  every  24  hours  by  some  com- 
petent person  designated  for  that  purpose 
by  the  superintendent,  and  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  superintendent  to  cause 
an  examination  to  be  made  once  in  every 
succeeding  three  months  of  a  section  of 
such  rope  or  cable,  then  in  use  for  hoist- 
ing and  lowering  men  and  materials  in 
such  mine.  If  upon  any  inspection  such 
hoisting  rope  or  cable  is  found  to  be  be- 
low the  requirements  set  forth  in  this 
section,  it  shall  be  disused  for  such  pur- 
pose, forthwith,  and  any  operator  or  sup- 
erintendent using  or  permitting  the  use 
of  such  hoisting  rope  cr  cable  for  the 
purpose    of    hoisting    or    lowering    men 


n 


604 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


thereafter,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offense 
against  this  act. 

Cages  for  Hoisting  Men 

Sec.  34.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  the 
operator  or  superintendent  of  any  mine 
to  permit  the  hoisting  or  lowering  of  men 
through  a  vertical  shaft  deeper  than  300 
ft.,  unless  an  iron-bonneted  safety  cage 
be  used  for  hoisting  and  lowering  of 
such  men,  but  this  provision  shall  not  ap- 
ply to  shafts  in  process  of  sinking. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  operator 
or  superintendent  to  have  all  cages  used 
in  such  shafts,  over  300  ft.  deep,  and  in 
which  men  are  hoisted  and  lowered,  to  be 
constructed  as  follows:  The  bonnet  shall 
be  of  two  steel  plates,  3/16  in.  in  thick- 
ness, sloping  toward'  each  side,  and  so 
arranged  that  they  may  be  readily  pushed 
upward  to  afford  egress  to  persons  there- 
in, and  such  bonnet  must  cover  the  top 
of  the  cage  in  such  a  manner  as  to  protect 
those  on  the  cage  from  objects  falling  in 
the  shaft. 

The  cage  shall  be  provided  with  sheet 
iron  or  steel  side  casing,  not  less  than 
Vx  in.  thick,  or  with  a  netting  composed 
of  wire  not  less  than  ',s  in.  in  di- 
ameter, and  with  doors  made  of  the  same 
material  as  the  side  casing,  either  hung 
on  hinges  or  working  in  slides.  These 
doors  shall  extend  at  least  four  feet 
above  the  bottom  of  the  cage  and  must 
be  closed  when  lowering  or  hoisting  men, 
except  timbermen  riding  on  the  cage  to 
attend  to  timbers  that  are  being  lowered 
or  hoisted. 

Every  cage  must  have  overhead  bars 
of  such  arrangement  as  to  give  every  man 
on  the  cage  an  easy  and  secure  hand- 
hold. Every  cage  or  skip  used  for  hoist- 
ing men  must  be  provided  with  a  safety 
catch  of  sufficient  strength  to  hold  the 
cage  or  skip  with  its  maximum  load  at 
any  point  in  the  shaft  in  the  event  that 
the  hoisting  cable  should  break.  The  in- 
spector or  his  deputy  must  see  that  all 
cages  and  skips  are  equipped  in  com- 
pliance with  this  paragraph,  and  that  on 
all  cages  the  catches  are  kept  well  oiled 
and  in  good  working  condition. 

Any  operator  or  superintendent  of  any 
mine  failing  to  comply  with  the  provisions 
of  this  section,  within  90  days  after  its 
passage,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence 
against  this  act. 

The  following  general  rules  shall  be  ob- 
served in  and  about  every  mine  within 
this  State  to  which  this  act  applies. 

ADDmoNAL  Duties  of  Mine  Foreman 

Rule  1.  The  operator  or  superintendent 
of  every  mine  shall  use  every  precaution 
to  insure  the  safety  of  the  workmen  in 
the  mine  in  all  cases,  whether  provided 
for  in  this  act  or  not,  and  shall  place  the 
underground  workings  thereof  and  all  that 
is  related  to  the  same  under  the  charge 
and  daily  supervision  of  a  competent  per- 
son who  shall  be  called  "mine  foreman." 

Rule  2.      Whenever    a    mine    foreman 


cannot  personally  carry  out  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act,  so  far  as  they  pertain 
to  him,  the  operator  or  superintendent 
shall  authorize  him  to  employ  a  sufficient 
number  of  competent  persons  to  act  as  his 
assistants,  who  shall  be  subject  to  his  or- 
ders, and  shall  be  known  as  "assistant 
mine  foremen,"  and  they  shall  be  under 
the  direct  supervision  of  the  mine  fore- 
man and  shall  carry  on  the  duties  of  the 
mine  foreman  as  directed  by  him,  and  as 
prescribed  in  section  29  of  this  act. 

Rule  3.  The  mine  foreman  shall  have 
charge  of  carrying  out  or  directing  the 
carrying  out  of  his  duties  as  prescribed 
in  section  29  of  this  act;  and  any  super- 
intendent who  shall  direct  or  cause  a 
mine  foreman  to  disregard  the  provisions 
of  this  act  shall  be  amenable  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  mine  foreman. 

Rule  4.  The  mine  foreman  shall  see 
that  all  dangerous  places  are  properly 
fenced  off  and  proper  danger  signal 
boards  are  so  hung  on  such  fencings  that 
they  may  be  plainly  seen. 

Rule  5.  No  candle  shall  be  left  burn- 
ing in  a  mine  or  any  part  of  a  mine  when 
the  person  using  the  candle  departs  from 
his  work  for  the  day. 

Rule  6.  The  operator  or  superintend- 
ent of  a  mine  employing  more  than  50 
men  underground  shall  provide,  and  keep 
in  a  readily  accessible  place,  at  least  two 
fire  fighting  helmets  to  be  used  in  case 
of  emergency. 

Cage  Rules 

Rule  7.  At  all  mines  where  hoisting  is 
done  by  cage  or  skips  from  two  or  more 
levels  a  man  shall  be  employed  whose  du- 
ties shall  be  to  load  and  unload  the  cage 
or  skip  and  to  give  all  signals  to  the  hoist- 
ing engineer.  The  superintendent  is  re- 
sponsible for  the  enforcement  of  this 
rule. 

Rule  8.  Any  person  riding  upon  any 
cage,  skip  or  bucket  that  is  loaded  with 
tools,  timber,  powder  or  other  material, 
except  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  in 
passing  such  material  through  a  shaft  or 
incline,  and  then  only  after  a  special 
signal  has  been  given,  shall  be  guilty  oi' 
a  violation  of  this  act. 

Rule  9.  When  tools,  timber  or  othei' 
materials  are  to  be  lowered  or  hoisted  in 
a  shaft,  their  ends,  if  projecting  above  the 
top  of  the  bucket,  skip  or  other  vehicle, 
shall  be  securely  fastened  to  the  hoisting 
rope  or  to  the  upper  part  of  the  vehicle, 
and  all  tools,  timber  or  other  materials 
loaded  upon  a  cage  must  b.e  securely 
lashed   before   being  lowered   or   hoisted. 

Rule  10.  In  no  case  shall  a  cage,  skip 
or  bucket  or  other  vehicle  be  lowered  di- 
rectly to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  when 
men  are  working  there,  but  such  cage, 
skip  or  bucket  or  other  vehicle  must  be 
stopped  at  least  15  ft.  above  the  bottom 
of  such  shaft  until  the  signal  to  lower 
further  down  has  been  given  to  the  hoist- 
ing engineer  by  one  of  the  men  at  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft,  provided,  however. 


that   this   rule   shall   not   apply   to   shafts 
of   less   than   50    ft.    in   depth. 

Protection  When  Deepening  Shaft 

Rule  11.  Persons  engaged  in  deepen- 
ing a  shaft  in  which  hoisting  from  an 
upper  level  is  going  on  shall  be  protected 
from  the  danger  of  falling  material  by  a 
suitable  covering  extending  over  the 
whole  area  of  the  shaft,  sufficient  open- 
ings being  left  in  the  covering  for  the 
passage  of  men,  a  bucket  or  other  con- 
veyance used  in  the  sinking  operations. 
It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  superintendent 
of  the  mine  to  enforce  this  rule,  and  fail- 
ure  so  to  do  shall  be  deemed  a  violation 
of  this  act. 

Rule  12.  No  hoisting  shall  be  done  in 
any  compartment  of  a  shaft  while  repairs 
are  being  made  in  that  compartment,  ex- 
cepting such  hoisting  as  is  necessary 
in  order  to  make  such  repairs. 

Rule  13.  Whims  in  use  at  or  in 
mines  shall  be  provided  with  a  suitable 
stopper,  or  some  other  reliable  device,  to 
prevent  running  back  of  the  bucket  or 
other  conveyance. 

Rule  14.  No  open  hook  shall  be  used 
with  a  bucket  in  hoisting.  Safety  hooks 
only  shall  be  employed. 

Rule  15.  All  shafts  more  than  300  ft. 
deep  from  which  hoisting  is  done  by 
means  of  a  bucket  must  be  provided  with 
suitable  guides,  and  in  connection  with 
the  bucket  there  must  be  a  crosshead 
traveling  upon  these  guides.  The  hight 
of  the  crosshead  shall  be  at  least  two- 
thirds  of  its  width.  If  the  crosshead  be 
a  type  that  is  not  secured  to  the  hoisting 
rope,  a  stopper  must  be  securely  and 
rigidly  fastened  to  the  hoisting  rope  ai 
least  seven  feet  above  the  rim  of  the 
bucket. 

Signals 

Rule  16.  Every  shaft,  if  exceeding  50 
ft.  in  depth,  shall  be  provided  with  ar 
efficient  means  of  interchanging  distinc 
and  definite  signals  between  the  top  oi 
the  shaft  and  the  lowest  level  and  the 
various  intermediate  levels  from  whici 
hoisting  is  being  done.  The  signaling 
apparatus  shall  be  a  cord  or  wire  aetuat 
ing  a  knocker,  bell  or  whistle,  which  nw 
be  supplemented  by  a  speaking  tube,  o 
telephone,  or  an  electric  system. 

Rule  17.  Special  care  must  be  taken  ti 
keep  the  signalling  apparatus  in  goo( 
order. 

Rule  18.  Any  person  who  shall  inter 
fere  with  or  impede  any  signalling  -in  tin 
mine  within  this  State,  or  _who  shal 
knowingly  damage  any  such  signal  sys 
tem.  or  who  shall  knowingly  give  o 
cause  to  be  given  any  wrong  signal  withii 
the  mine,  or  who  shall  ride  upon  an' 
cage,  skip  or  bucket  at  a  time  when  sig 
nals  have  been  given  informing  the  hoist 
ing  engineer  that  no  person  is  so  ridinp 
shall  be  guilty  of  a  violation  of  this  act 
and  shall  be  punished  accordingly. 

Rule   19.     The   following   signals  shal 


ll 


September  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


605 


be  used:  One  bell,  hoist  (when  engine  is 
at  rest  I  ;  one  bell,  stop  (when  engine  is 
in  motion)  ;  two  bells,  lower;  three  bells, 
men  on  cage  about  to  ascend  or  descend; 
four  bells,  blasting  signal.  Upon  receiv- 
ing the  blasting  signal  of  four  bells,  the 
engineer  must  answer  by  raising  the 
bucket  a  few  feet  and  letting  it  back 
slowly,  and  then  upon  receiving  the  sig- 
nal of  one  bell,  he  shall  hoist  the  men 
away  from  the  blast. 

Rule  20.  Special  signals  in  addition  to 
the  above  may  be  used  in  any  mine, 
provided  they  are  easily  distinguishable 
by  their  sound  or  otherwise  from  the 
foregoing  code,  and  do  not  interfere  with 
it  in  any  way. 

Rule  21.  An  easily  legible  copy  of  the 
:tbove  code,  and  of  any  special  code 
adopted  in  any  mine,  shall  be  printed  on 
a  board  or  metal  plate  not  less  than  18x18 
in.,  and  shall  be  securely  posted  in  the 
engine  room,  at  the  collar  of  the  shaft, 
and  at  each  level  or  station.  The  super- 
intendent of  the  mine  shall  be  held  re- 
sponsible for  the  carrying  out  of  this  rule. 

Timbering,   Abandoned   Shafts,   etc. 

Rule  22.  The  timbers  in  all  manways 
in  daily  use  shall  be  cleaned  of  all  loose 
rock  lodged  upon  them  at  least  once  in 
every  24  hours.  Manways  in  daily  use 
shall  be  kept  clear  of  obstructions. 

Rule  23.  The  mouth  of  every  shaft  or 
entry  to  a  mine  which,  for  the  time  being 
is  out  of  use,  or  is  used  only  as  an  air- 
way, and  the  approach  to  every  open 
working  other  than  ordinary  prospecting 
trenches,  and  all  elevated  and  exposed 
platforms  and  gangways,  shall  be  kept 
securely    fenced   or   otherwise    protected. 

Rule  24.  All  abandoned  shafts  or 
other  abandoned  excavations  shall  be  se- 
curely covered  or  fenced; 

Provided,  however,  that  in  the  case  of 
abandoned  open  cuts  fencing  only  shall 
be  required. 

Rule  25.  Any  person  who  shall  wil- 
fully remove,  injure  or  destroy  all  or  any 
part  of  any  coverings  or  fences  provided 
for  in  rules  23  and  24  of  this  section  shafl 
be  guilty  of  a  violation  of  this  act  and 
shall  be  punished  accordingly. 


Lighting 

Rule  26.  Stationary  lights  shall  be 
provided  for  during  the  working  hours 
at  all  stations  at  vertical  and  incline 
shafts  during  the  time  the  same  are  in 
actual  use;  and  also  at  all  stations  on 
the  levels  where  hoisting  or  hauling  is 
effected  by  means  of  machinery;  and  also 
at  night  at  all  working  places  on  the  sur- 
face, and  at  the  head  of  any  shafts  not 
fenced  or  covered. 

Rule  27.  All  places  where  hoisting, 
pumping  or  other  machinery  is  erected, 
and  in  the  proximity  of  which  persons 
employed  in  the  mines  are  working  or 
moving  about,  shall  be  so  lighted  that  the 


moving  parts  of  such  machinery  can  be 
clearly   distinguished. 

Manholes     and     Protection     against 
Machinery 

Rule  28.  In  every  mine  in  which  me- 
chanical haulage  is  employed  there  shall 
be  at  intervals  of  not  more  than  100 
yards,  on  each  main  haulage  way,  places 
of  refuge,  affording  a  space  of  at  least 
2' J  ft.  in  width  between  the  widest  por- 
tion of  the  car  or  train  running  on  the 
tramway  and  the  side  of  the  gallery. 

Rule  29.  Every  manhole  and  place  of 
refuge  shall  be  kept  constantly  clear,  and 
no  refuse  shall  be  placed  therein,  and  no 
person  shall  in  any  way  prevent  access 
thereto. 

Rule  30.  All  exposed  machinery  which 
when  in  motion  would  be  dangerous  to 
persons  coming  in  contact  therewith  shall 
be  securely  guarded  by  a  fence  or  railing. 
All  electrical  conductors  shall  be  placed 
so  as  to  protect  any  persons,  so  far  as  is 
possible,  from  coming  into  contact  with 
the  same. 

Rule  31.  No  electrical  current  higher 
than  250  volts  shall  be  carried  by  any 
naked  wire  in  any  mine. 

Protection  against  Water 

Rule  32.  No  raise  shall  be  allowed  to 
approach  within  10  ft.  of  any  portion  of  a 
winze,  stope  or  other  opening,  in  which 
there  is  a  dangerous  accumulation  of  wa- 
ter, unless  such  winze  or  stope  be  first 
unwatered  by  bailing  or  pumping  or  by 
means  of  a  bore  from  the  raise. 

Rule  33.  When  advancing  a  drift,  adit 
level  or  incline  toward  a  mine  working 
that  is  suspected  to  be  filled  with  water, 
a  bore  hole  must  be  kept  at  least  20  ft. 
in  advance  of  the  breast  of  the  drive; 
and  also  if  necessary  in  directions  later- 
ally from  the  course  of  the  drive.  Such 
a  working  place  must  not  exceed  six  feet 
in  width  and  such  additional  precaution- 
ary measures  shall  be  taken  as  may  be 
deemed  necessary  to  obviate  the  danger 
of  a  sudden  breaking  through  of  water. 

Rule  34.  In  every  mine,  where  in  the 
opinion  of  the  inspector  of  mines,  there 
is  danger  of  a  sudden  inburst  of  water, 
such  additional  raises,  drifts,  or  other 
workings  shall  be  constructed  as  are  nec- 
essary in  the  opinion  of  the  inspector  to 
ensure  the  escape  of  workmen  from  the 
lower  workings. 

Ladder  Regulations 

Rule  35.  The  space  between  the  rungs 
of  a  ladder  shall  not  exceed  12  inches. 

Rule  36.  The  rungs  of  a  ladder  shall 
ip  no  case  be  less  than  three  inches  from 
the  wall  of  the  shaft,  or  any  opening  in 
which  it  is  used. 

Rule  .37.  Every  ladderway  constructed 
and  fixed  in  a  vertical  shaft  more  than 
100  ft.  deep,  which  may  be  used  for  the 
ascent  and  descent  of  persons  working  in 
the  mine,  shall  have  substantial  platforms 


at  intervals  of  not  more  than  20  ft.  and 
the  inclination  of  any  ladder  or  section  of 
a  ladder  shall  not  exceed  80  deg.  from  the 
horizontal. 

Rule  3.  All  platforms  except  for  an 
opening  large  enough  to  permit  the  pas- 
sage of  a  man  shall  be  closely  covered. 

Rule  39.  Ladders  shall  project  at  least 
three  feet  above  every  platform  in  the 
ladderway  and  at  least  three  feet  above 
the  collar  of  the  shaft,  unless  hand  rails 
are  fixed  at  such  places. 

Rule  40.  In  ladderways  not  exceeding 
100  ft.  in  depth,  ladders  may  be  fixed  ver- 
tically; over  this  depth  no  vertical  lad- 
ders shall  be  used. 

Rule  41.  Under  no  circumstances  shall 
any  ladder  inclining  backward  from  the 
vertical  be  installed. 

Rule  42.  Ladderways  shall  be  provided 
in  all  shafts  in  the  course  of  sinking  to 
within  such  a  distance  from  the  bottom 
thereof  as  will  secure  them  from  damage 
by  blasting,  but  from  the  end  of  which 
ladderways  chain  or  wooden  extension 
ladders  shall  be  extended  to  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft. 

Rule  43.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
superintendent  to  enforce  the  carrying 
out  of  rules  35  to  42,  and  his  failure  so 
to  do  shall  constitute  a  violation  of  this 
act. 

Shaft  and  Winze  Rules 

Rule  44.  All  stations  or  levels  shall 
have  a  passageway  around  or  through  the 
working  shaft  so  that  crossing  over  the 
hoisting  compartment  may  be  avoided. 

Rule  45.  All  sumps  shall  be  securely 
planked  over. 

Rule  46.  In  stopes  timbered  with 
square  sets,  the  working  floors  shall  be 
closely  and  securely  lagged  over.  Lagging 
shall  be  long  enough  to  reach  clear  across 
the  caps. 

Rule  47.  Winzes  or  raises  shall  not  be 
started  in  the  direct  line  of  a  drift,  but 
shall  be  offset  from  the  drift. 

Rule  48.  The  opening  of  such  offset 
winze  shall  be  protected  by  a  fence  or 
guard  rail  not  less  tfian  three  feet  nor 
more  than  four  feet  in  hight  above  the 
level  of  the  drift. 

Rule  49.  Existing  winzes  opening  di- 
rectly from  the  floor  of  a  drift  or  stope 
must  be  kept  covered  by  a  substantial 
hatch,  or  planking,  except  when  in  use,  at 
which  time  passage  to  persons  other  than 
those  working  at  the  winze  shall  be  barred 
off  by  a  substantial  rail  across  the  roads 
of  access  to  the  openings. 

Rule  50.  At  all  shaft  stations  a  gate  or 
a  guard  rail  not  less  than  three  feet  nor 
more  than  four  feet  above  the  floor,  must 
be  provided  and  kept  in  place  across  the 
shaft,  except  when  cage,  skip  or  bucket 
is  being  loaded,  but  this  prohibition  shall 
not  forbid  the  temporary  removal  of  the 
gate  or  rail  for  the  purpose  of  repairs  or 
other  operations,  if  proper  precaution  to 
prevent  danger  to  persons  be  taken. 


606 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


Rule  5\.  The  top  of  all  shafts  shall  be 
protected  by  a  gate,  so  that  persons  or 
foreign  objects  cannot  fall  into  the  shaft. 

Rule  52.  If  hoisting  be  done  from 
greater  depth  than  100  ft.,  by  means  of  a 
bucket,  shaft  doors  must  be  constructed 
that  will  prevent  any  material  from  fall- 
ing into  the  shaft  while  the  bucket  is  be- 
ing dumped. 

Hoisting  Ropes 

Rule  53.  Every  rope  used  for  hoist- 
ing or  lowering  men  or  materials  shall 
be  securely  fastened  to  its  drum  and 
when  in  use  shall  never  be  fully  un- 
wound, but  at  least  one  full  turn  shall  re- 
main on  the  drum. 

Rule  54.  The  farther  end  of  the  rope 
shall  either  be  securely  fastened  within  a 
tapered  socket,  or  else  it  shall  be  bound 
around  an  oval  thimble  and  then  fastened 
to  itself  by  not  less  than  12  clamps  or 
bolts. 

Rule  55.  Every  rope  shall  be  treated 
with  oil  or  some  suitable  rope  compound 
at  least  once  every  month.  Such  com- 
pound must  be  chemically  neutral,  and 
must  be  of  such  consistency  as  to  pene- 
trate the  strand  and  not  merely  cover  the 
surface  of  the  rope. 

Explosives  and  Fuses 

Rule  56.  Every  mine  thawing  in  excess 
of  a  daily  average  of  100  lb.  of  dynamite 
shall  be  provided  with  a  separate  building 
for  that  purpose. 

Rule  57.  Dynamite  shall  not  be 
thawed  by  any  means  other  than  a  steam 
bath  or  a  hot-water  device  and  such 
thawing  device  shall  not  be  allowed  to 
become  hotter  than  can  be  borne  by  the 
naked  hand. 

Rule  58.  It  shall  be  unlawful  to  thaw 
dynamite  by  placing  it  near  a  fire  or 
steam  boiler. 

Rule  59.  It  shall  be  unlawful  to  thaw 
dynamite  in  a  steam  bath  by  using  live 
steam. 

Rule  60.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  knowingly  to  distribute  frozen 
dynamite  to  any  person  working  in  any 
mine. 

Rule  61.  No  explosive  shall  be  taken 
into  any  mine  except  in  a  securely  cov- 
ered case. 

Rule  62.  Detonators  shall  not  be  trans- 
ported in  the  same  vehicle  or  carried  in 
the  same  case  with  dynamite  or  other 
explosive. 

Rule  63.  No  fuse  shall  be  used  in  any 
mine  that  burns  faster  than  1  yd.  in  80 
seconds  and  slower  than  1  yd.  in  100 
seconds. 

;  Rule  64.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  use  within  any  mine  any  fuse 
unless  the  rate  of  burning  be  stamped 
by  the  manufacturer  on  the  package  con- 
taining such   fuse. 

Rule  65.  Notice  shall  be  posted  at 
the  entrance  of  every  mine  stating  the 
rate  of  burning  of  the  fuse  used  in  such 
mine.     The   superintendent   shall   be   re- 


sponsible   for   the    carrying   out   of   this 
rule. 

General  Rules 

Rule  66.  No  person  in  a  state  of  in- 
toxication shall  be  allowed  to  enter  or 
loiter  about  a  mine. 

Rule  67.  All  employees  shall  iirform 
the  mine  foreman  or  his  assistant  of  the 
unsafe  condition  of  any  working  place. 

Rule  68.  Wages  shall  not  be  paid  on 
any  premises  used  for  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors. 

Rule  69.  No  intoxicating  liquors  shall 
be  taken  into  a  mine. 

Rule  70.  Strangers  or  visitors  shall 
not  be  allowed  underground  in  any  mine 
unless  accompanied  by  the  operator  or  an 
official  of  the  mine,  or  by  an  employee 
deputized  by  such  operator  or  official  to 
accompany  them. 

Rule  71.  Every  mine  employing  more 
than  25  men  shall  maintain  a  suitably 
equipped  wash  room  which  shall  at  all 
times  be  open  to  the  employees  of  the 
mine. 

Rule  72.  Each  workman  employed  in 
the  mine  when  engaged  shall  have  his  at- 
tention directed  by  the  mine  foreman  to 
the  general  and  special  rules  provided  for 
in  this  act. 

Rule  73.  Any  person  who  does  any  act 
wilfully  in  violation  of  any  of  the  rules 
as  prescribed  in  this  act  shall  be  guilty  of 
a  misdemeanor. 

Two  Openings  to  Surface  of  Mines 

Sec.  38.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every 
operator  of  every  mine  within  this  State, 
excepting  as  hereinafter  provided,  to 
maintain  at  least  two  outlets  to  the  sur- 
face from  such  mine;  or  an  underground 
communicating  passageway  between  every 
such  mine  and  some  other  contigu- 
ous mine,  so  that  there  shall  be  at  all 
times  at  least  two  distinct  and  available 
means  of  access  to  the  surface  to  all  per- 
sons employed  in  such  mine  or  mines. 
Such  outlets  shall  not  be  less  than  50  ft. 
apart  and  shall,  if  covered,  be  provided 
with  separate  and  distinct  and  non-con- 
necting houses  on  the  surface. 

Where  two  openings  to  the  surface 
shall  not  have  been  provided  as  afore- 
said, it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  inspector 
of  mines  to  order  in  writing,  served  upon 
the  operator  or  superintendent  of  such 
mine,  a  second  opening  to  be  made  with- 
out delay  by  the  operator  of  said  mine, 
and  in  the  event  of  the  operator  of  such 
mine  failing  forthwith  to  commence  and 
prosecute  the  making  of  a  second  opening 
v.-ithin  20  days  after  the  service  of  said 
order,  or  in  the  event  of  the  inspector 
deeming  any  mine  having  but  one  such 
opening  to  be  dangerous  to  the  lives  and 
health  of  those  employed  therein,  it  shall 
thereupon  be  the  duty  of  such  inspector 
forthwith  to  institute  an  action  for  an  in- 
junction to  close  said  mine,  provided  for 
in  section  12  of  this  act. 


Provided,  however,  that  section  38  of 
this  act  shall  not  apply  in  the  case  of: 
(a)  New  workings  being  opened  for  the 
purpose  of  making  a  communication  be- 
tween two  or  more  shafts,  or  to  any  work- 
ing for  the  purpose  of  searching  for  or 
proving  ore;  (b)  or  to  any  mine  in  which 
one  of  the  shafts  or  outlets  has  temporar- 
ily become  unavailable  for  the  persons: 
employed  in  the  mine,  and  in  which  everyi 
effort  is  being  made  by  the  operator  of' 
the  mine  to  open  such  temporarily  un- 
available outlet,  and  provided  the  same 
is  not,  in  the  opinion  of  the  inspector 
dangerous  to  the  life  and  health  of  those 
employed  therein;  and  (c)  mines  having 
workings  of  less  than  100  ft.  in  depth. 

Provisions  Affecting  Mines  Having 
But  One  Outlet 

Sec.  40.     In  every  mine    within    this 
State,  where  under  the  provisions  of  sec- 
tion 38  of  this  act  but  one  outlet  is  re- 
quired, and  where  a  single  shaft  affords 
the   only   means   of  ingress  or  egress  to 
persons     employed     underground,     such 
shaft  if  more  than  200  ft.  deep  shall  be 
divided  into  at  least  two  compartments 
One   of   said   compartments   shall   be   se( 
aside  and  used  exclusively  as  a  ladder- 
way.  Whenever  such  ladderway  compart- 
ment shall  be  covered  by  a  non-fireprooi 
building,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  opera- 
tor of  said  mine  to  cause  said  ladderwa\ 
to  be  securely  bulkheaded  at  a  point  a 
least  25  ft.  below  the  collar  of  the  shaft 
and  below  this  bulkhead,  if  the  shaft  ii 
situated  upon  a  side  hill,  a  drift  shall  b< 
driven  to  the  surface;   if  the  shaft  con 
taining     said     ladderway     be     otherwisi 
situated  this  drift  shall  be   driven  on  : 
level  to  a  safe  distance,  but  in  no  casi 
less  than  30  ft.  beyond  the  walls  of  th' 
building   covering   the   inain    shaft,    ani 
from  such  point  a  raise  shall  be  made  t 
the  surface. 

The  said  raise  shall  be  equipped  with 
ladderway,  and  it  together  with  the  dri' 
connecting  with  the  main  shaft  shall  b 
kept  in  good   repair  and  shall   afford  a    J 
easy  exit  in  the  event  of  fire.     A  failur   ^ 
on  the  part  of  the  operator  of  said  min 
to  carry  out  or  cause  to  be  carried  out  th 
provisions  of  this  section  shall  constitut 
a  violation  of  this  act. 

Outlets  Not  to  be  Covered  by  House    , 

Sec.  41.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  th'flj 
operator  of  any  mine  within  this  State  3 
after  the  passage  of  this  act,  to  erect  an  ' 
structure  over  the  shaft  or  outlet  of  an 
mine,  except  head  frames  necessary  f<  h 
hoisting  from  such  shaft  or  outlet,  an  ^» 
the  hatch  or  door  necessary  for  closin 
such   shaft  or  outlet; 

Provided,  however,  it  shall  be  lawfi 
to  erect  a  housing  of  noninflammable  an 
fireproof  material  over  such  shaft  or  ad 
to  protect  the  men  working  at  such  poin 
In  the  case  of  existing  houses  coverir 
the  mouths  of  shafts  or  adits,  it  shall  t 


ij 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


607 


the  duty  of  the  superintendent  of  the 
mine  to  cause  the  immediate  removal 
of  all  inflammable  material  stored  therein, 
and  it  shall  be  the  further  duty  of  such 
superintendent  to  prohibit  the  storage  of 
any  inflammable  material  within  30  ft. 
from  the  exterior  walls  of  any  such  ex- 
isting house  or  within  a  like  distance 
from  the  walls  of  any  housing  hereinafter 
huilt  under  the  provisions  »  this  section. 
A  failure  on  the  part  of  any  such  super- 
intendent to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this 
section  relative  to  the  storage  of  inflam- 
mable materials,  shall  be  deemed  a  vio- 
lation of  this  act. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  operator 
to  provide  every  adit,  the  mouth  of  which 
is  covered  by  a  house  or  building  of  any 
kind,  with  a  door  near  the  mouth  of  the 
adit,  that  can  be  closed  from  outside  of 
the  building  by  a  pull  wire  or  cable  in 
the  event  of  fire. 

Ladderways  as  Means  of  Egress 
Sec.  42.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
)wner  or  operator  of  every  mine  to  pro- 
;ide  in  addition  to  any  mechanical  means 
)f  ingress  or  egress,  at  least  one  means 
)f  outlet  for  the  miners  by  means  of  lad- 
lers,  from  the  lowest  workings  of  the 
nine  to  the  surface.  All  ladders  and 
adderways,  constructed  after  the  pass- 
ige  of  this  act,  shall  be  built  as  pre- 
cribed  in  rules  35  to  42  of  section  37  of 
his  act.  All  floors  of  sets  in  slopes  and 
very  shaft,  winze,  raise  or  incline  steeper 
han  35  deg.  from  the  horizontal  through 
I'hich  men  are  obliged  to  pass,  shall  be 
irovided  with  ladders  and  ladderways 
s  specified  in  this  section. 

Inspection  of  Mine  Roofs 
Sec.  45.  In  all  mines  where  stoping  is 
lone  by  the  opening  of  chambers,  the 
oof  thereof  being  supported  only  by  the 
I'alls  of  the  chambers,  or  by 
lillars,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  super- 
ntendent  of  the  mine  to  detail  a  compe- 
ent  man  to  make  a  frequent  inspection  of 
he  roof  of  those  parts  of  the  mine  where 
len  are  employed,  and  said  man  so  de- 
ailed  shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of 
islodging  any  slabs  of  rock  in  said  roof 
.'hich  have  become  loose.  While  such 
islodgment  is  being  effected,  the  floor  of 
tie  stope  immediately  beneath  such  loose 
ock  shall  be  fenced  off,  or  otherwise 
dequately  puarded. 

Safety  Pillars 

Sec.  46.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
wner  or  operator  of  every  underground 
line  to  leave  standing  on  the  inside  of 
ne  boundary  line  of  every  mining  prop- 
rty,  safety  pillars  the  width  of  which 
lUst  not  he  less  than  30  ft.,  measured  at 
ight  angles  from  the  said  boundary  line; 

Provided,    however,    that    on    the    ap- 

ilication    of    either    owner    of    adjoining 

lines,  the  inspector  may  give  permission 

1   writing   to   either   or   both    owners   to 

eaken,  cut  through  or  work  such  pillars, 


if  in  the  opinion  of  the  inspector  the  same 
will  not  be  dangerous  to  the  lives  of  those 
employed  within  either  of  the  said  mining 
properties.  Such  consent,  or  a  copy 
thereof,  shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the 
inspector.  The  failure  of  the  operator  of 
of  either  or  both  of  such  adjoining  min- 
ing properties  to  observe  the  provisions 
of  this  section,  shall  be  deemed  a  viola- 
tion of  this  act. 


Nichols  Slime  Filter 


A  vacuum  filter  for  separating  the 
liquid  and  solid  components  of  cyanide 
solutions,  has  been  patented  (U.  S.  Pat. 
No.  958,272)  by  H.  G.  Nichols,  of  Ymir, 
B.  C,  Canada.  The  apparatus  shown  in 
the  illustration  consists  of  a  framework 
A,  supporting  a  trunk  chamber  B  carry- 
ing an  endless  belt  C,  and  a  settling  tank 
D  into  which  is  introduced  the  slime  solu- 
tion through  the  pipe  £.  A  suction  pipe 
or  pipes  F  have  their  nozzles  covered 
with  a  screen  through  which  is  drawn  the 


Blaugas  in  Portable  Cylinders 

The  production  of  "blaugas"  on  a  com- 
mercial scale  was  commenced  in  June 
at  Long  Island  City,  New  York,  by  the 
Blaugas  Company  of  America.  Another 
plant  is  in  operation  at  Montreal,  Can., 
and  additional  plants  will  be  built  by 
subsidiary  companies  at  various  centers 
throughout  the  country.  Blaugas  is  a 
compressed,  liquified  gas,  distilled  from 
ordinary  gas  oil,  a  byproduct  of  crude 
petroleum  after  the  naphtha  and  lighter 
oils  have  been  extracted.  The  blaugas 
is  sold  in  steel  tanks  8  in.  in  diameter 
by  4  ft.  high,  each  containing  about  20 
lb.  of  gas,  the  price  being  10c.  per  lb., 
or  about  S2  per  tank.  It  is  estimated  that 
this  price  is  equivalent  to  city  gas  at 
about   SI. 75   per   thousand. 

The  equipment  for  using  the  gas  in 
isolated  places  consists  of  a  small  steel 
closet  holding  two  bottles  of  gas  and 
an  expansion  cylinder  to  which  the  house 
service  is  connected.  The  gas  gives  a 
brilliant   light,   and   is   claimed   to   be   no 


-^=r' 


T'iC  Enyinefin-j  yMinina  Jvurnal 


The  Nichols  Vacuu.m  Filter 


clear  solution  from  the  settling  chamber. 
Should  the  solid  material  cake  upon  this 
nozzle  screen,  the  suction  in  the  pipes 
is  stopped  and  air  or  water  is  forced 
through  them. 

As  the  slime  is  supplied  to  D,  the  clear 
liquid  is  drawn  off  through  F,  while  the 
solid  rriaterial  falls  upon  the  conveyer 
belt  and  is  carried  out  of  the  apparatus 
to  a  similar  one,  shown  at  the  right  in  the 
figure.  To  facilitate  the  discharge,  water 
jets  G  wash  the  material  from  the  belt 
into  the  next  settling  chamber.  In  prac- 
tice three  units  are  generally  used.  In 
the  first,  the  initial  deposition  and  separa- 
tion of  the  solid  material  is  effected,  and 
in  the  others  the  solid  material  is  washed 
and  redeposited  until  it  is  finally  dis- 
charged. 


Records  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 
show  that  the  total  gold  production  of 
Alaska  at  the  close  of  1909  was  S162,- 
066,455,  of  which  $118,219,757  came 
from  placers  and  S44,466,689  from  lodes. 
The  records  of  production  begin  with 
1880. 


more  expensive  than  ordinary  illuminat- 
ing gas.  It  is  used  successfully  for  cook- 
ing, heating  and  power;  in  fact,  for  any 
purpose  to  which  other  illuminating  gas 
can  be  put.  Blaugas  was  invented  by 
Herr  Blau,  of  Augsburg,  Germany,  and 
has  been  used  successfully  in  Germany 
for  several  years. 

Blaugas  Used  for  Lighting  Sorting 
Tables  at  Cobalt  Mine 

It  has  already  found  application  in 
mining  work,  having  been  used  to  light 
the  company's  houses  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
mine  in  the  Cobalt  district  and  also  to 
light  the  sorting  tables  at  this  mine.  For 
the  purpose  of  distinguishing  between 
the  waste  rock  and  ore,  it  is  claimed 
that  this  light  is  much  superior  to  that  of 
electricity  with  which  the  mine  was  al- 
ready equipped. 

The  gas  has  a  high  calorific  value, 
about  1800  B.t.u.,  and  may  be  used  in 
connection  with  oxygen  for  welding  and 
cutting  metals,  similar  to  the  oxy-acety- 
lene  welding,  and  may  find  extensive  use 
among  mines  and  reduction  works  in 
welding  broken   apparatus. 


608 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


The  Colloseus  Process  for  Making  Slag  Cement 

Process  Exploited  by  the  Coltness  Iron  Company.       Essential  Feature 
the    Granulation    of    the    Molten     Furnace     Slag    with     Epsom     Salts 


B    Y 


A 


TALBOT* 


During  the  last  few  .;ears  the  problem 
of  turning  the  slag  from  iron  blast  fur- 
naces to  commercial  account  has  occupied 
the  attention  of  chemists.  The  fact  that 
the  chemical  composition  of  this  waste 
is  similar  to  that  of  portland  cement,  has 
led  to  experimenting  in  this  direction. 
Unfortunately,  however,  some  of  these 
investigations  have  not  been  entirely  suc- 
cessful, that  is,  from  the  all-around  point 
of  view. 

Coltness  Iron  Company  Uses  Collo- 
seus Process  in  Scotland 

A  few  years  ago,  however,  a  German 
chemist,  Dr.  Heinrich  Colloseus,  of  Berlin, 
perfected  a  process  for  achieving  the  de- 
sired end.  The  results  obtained  since  the 
announcement  of  his  discovery  have  been 
so  satisfactory  that  several  iron-smelting 
companies  have  adopted  the  process  in 
their  works,  with  a  view  to  solving  the 
problem  of  the  slag  disposal  and  incident- 
ally, securing  an  additional  source  of  rev- 
enue. When  Doctor  Colloseus  first  an- 
nounced his  process,  a  Scottish  company, 
the  Coltness  Iron  Company,  one  of  the 
foremost  establishments  in  the  British 
iron  industry,  completed  arrangements 
with  the  inventor  for  the  exploitation  of 
the  process  at  their  works,  in  order  to 
determine  its  commercial  possibilities. 

Innumerable  experiments  were  carried 
out  by  the  company,  and  as  a  result  it 
was  found  possible  to  manufacture  a 
product  equal  in  every  respect  to  the 
Portland  cement.  Following  these  deter- 
minations the  company  decided  to  estab- 
lish a  new  factory,  equipped  with  anelab- 
orate  plant  for  producing  the  material 
upon  a  large  scale  at  Newmains,  near 
Glasgow.  In  these  works  time-  and  labor- 
saving  devices  have  been  adopted  and 
many  valuable  improvements  effected  by 
the  company's  chemists. 

Molten  Blast  Furnace  Slag  Granu- 
lated BY  Solution  of  Epsom  Salts 
When  the  blast  furnaces  are  tapped, 
the  molten  slag  is  run  off,  as  shown  in 
the  photograph,  into  large  cast-iron  ladles 
of  8  tons  capacity  made  expressly  for  this 
work  from  a  special  mixture  of  hematite 
iron.  When  the  ladle  has  received  its 
charge  of  slag,  the  whole  is  lifted  by  an 
overhead  crane  and  loaded  upon  the  "tip- 
pler," shown  in  the  accompanying  half- 
tone. As  the  name  implies  this  is  a  de- 
vice for  pouring  the  slag  from  the  ladle, 
and  as  the  speed  and  volume  of  the  flow 
must  be  constant,  the  device  is  operated 
by  variable-speed  electric  motors. 


At  this  stage  the  most  important  oper- 
ation in  the  whole  process  has  to  be  car- 
ried out.  It  consists  in  obtaining  a  com- 
bination of  the  molten  slag  with  a  solu- 
tion of  magnesium  sulphate,  or  as  it  is 
more  familiarly  known,  epsom  salts.  This 
sets  up  such  chemical  reactions  as  to 
entirely  change  the  texture  and  nature  of 
the  slag.  The  operation  is  described  as 
"granulating,"  and  is  effected  by  pour- 
ing the  molten  slag  in  a  steady  stream 
upon  a  revolving  drum,  at  the  same  time 
bringing  a  solution  of  the  magnesium  sul- 
phate into  contact  therewith. 

Granulating  on  Drum  Sprayed  with 
Salt  Solution 

This  drum  revolves  at  650  r.p.m.,  has 
open   ends   and   is   fitted   with    numerous 


bucket  is  filled  it  is  automatically  pushed 
aside,  hoisted  to  an  elevated  platform, 
switched  on  to  an  aerial  cableway  and 
transported  about  a  thousand  feet  to  the 
store  or  clinker  house,  capable  of  holding 
about  6000  tons.  This  quantity  is  gener- 
ally held  in  constant  reserve.  The  aerial 
traveling  bucket  upon  reaching  this  point 
is  tripped,  and  shoots  its  contents  into 
the  building,  returning  for  another 
charge. 

Clinker   Crushed    in    the-  Customary 
Ball  Mills 

The  clinker  is  left  to  cool  in  this  de- 
pository for  several  days.  It  is  then 
drawn  off  from  the  bottom  into  special 
buckets  of  2800  lb.  capacity  and  carried 
to   the   grinding   mills.      From   this   point 


Ladles  Filled  with  Slag  Ready  for  Granulation  at  Coltness 
Ironworks,  Scotland 


•15  Wlllmr.v  Ciesceut,  Hove,  England. 


slots.  Inside  the  drum  is  a  conduit 
through  which  is  sprayed  the  epsom-salts 
solution  which  finds  its  way  to  the  outer 
surface  of  the  granulator  through  the 
peripheral  openings,  and  at  the  same  time 
another  jet  outside  the  drum  sprays  the 
molten  mass  as  it  falls.  The  slag  is  gran- 
ulated by  the  epsom  salts  solution,  as- 
sisted by  the  effect  of  dropping  upon  the 
moving  surface.  The  disintegrated  ma- 
terial is  coarse  and  hot.  The  granulation 
can  be  varied  both  by  the  speed  in  pour- 
ing and  by  the  revolutions  of  the  drum. 
The  slag  is  thrown  off  the  drum  as 
disintegrated,  and  falls  below  into  iron 
buckets   of   900    lb.    capacity.      When    a 


the  process  is  similar  to  that  practised  ii 
the  manufacture  of  portland  cement.  Thi 
buckets    drop    the    raw    clinker    througl' 
automatic  bottom  doors  in  a  large  hoppe 
which  feeds  the  material  into  a  primar 
screw  mill.     The  pulverized  mass  is  thei 
carried   by  an   endless   conveyer  to  hop 
pers  feeding  the  ball  mills.    These  consis  J 
of  horizontal  cylinders,   10  ft.  long  by  '  ^ 
ft.   in   diameter.     Running  at  24   r.p.m. 
they  crush  the  cement  under  the  actioi 
of  steel  balls  with  which  the  drum  is  par 
tially   filled. 

The  material  now  passes  into  the  tub' 
mills,  2.3  ft.  long  by  4  ft.  in  diameter 
running   at   34    r.p.m.    and    charged   will     ' 


'i 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


609 


steel  balls.  The  mass  is  ground  until  it 
is  so  fine  that  it  will  all  pass  through 
a  sieve  having  5776  holesper  sq.in.,  and 
90  per  cent,  through  a  sieve  having 
32,400  holes  per  square  inch. 

A  spiral  conveyer  catches  the  cement 
as  it  issues  from  the  tube  mill,  carries 
it  to  a  weighing  machine  where  the 
weight  is  automatically  recorded  and  reg- 
istered. It  is  then  elevated  to  the  top  of 
:he  building  and  finally  dumped  into  large 
fioppers  in  the  storehouse.  This  building 
las  six  of  these  receptacles  and  they  are 
50  designef.  that  the  contents  of  one  can 
36  mixed  with  that  of  another,  whenever 
lesired. 

•ii.LiNG,      Weighing      and      Checking 

Barrels   and  Bags    Automatically 

Accomplished 

In  packing,  the  materia!  is  discharged 
nto  four  other  hoppers,  two  designed  for 
,  illing  barrels  and  two  for  charging  sacks. 
Accurate  weighing  appliances  insure 
asks  and  sacks  receiving  their  proper 
lulk,  and  when  this  is  done  the  supply 
if  cement  is  automatically  shut  off. 
Vhen  the  sacks  and  barrels  are  removed, 
he  operation  is  recorded  by  means  of  a 
ial,  so  that  the  work  is  automatically 
hecked. 

Though  epsom  salts  are  generally  used, 

is  possible  to  use  with  equal  facility 
*ie  salt  of  other  earthly  oxides  which 
re  soluble  in  water.  In  this  manner  ce- 
lent  specially  suitable  for  certain  pur- 
oses    can    be    prepared.      For    example, 

cement  which  effectually  resists  the  ae- 
on of  sea  water,  is  obtained  by  using  a 
alution  of  sulphate  or  chloride  of  iron. 

As  the  composition  of  blast-furnace 
lags  varies  according  to  the  character  of 
ie  ores  treated,  it  is  only  when  the  chief 
institutents  are  present  in  a  certain  pro- 
ortion  that  the  process  can  be  utilized 
or  instance,  a  slag  containing  more  than 
2  per  cent,  of  lime  and  not  more  than 
7  per  cent,  of  silica  is  suitable  for  the 
olloseus  process. 

The  cement  thus  produced  from  blast- 
imace  slag  is  somewhat  lighter  in  color 
lan  that  manufactured  in  the  ordinary 
ay.  Elaborate  tests  have  proved  that 
le  former  is  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  the 
■tter,  in  uniformity  of  quality,  tensile 
rength,  and  other  requisitions  demanded 
f  such  a  material,  both  in  its  pure  state 
■  when  associated  with  other  gritty  sub- 
ances  to  form  concrete. 

PSOM  Salts  Act  As  Catalyzing  Agent 
Upon  the  Silicates 

The  chemical  reactions  that  take  place 
om  the  association  of  the  sulphate  of 
agnesium  with  the  incandescent  slag  are 
>mewhat  complicated  and  in  some  in- 
ances  unknown.  Doctor  Colloseus 
lund,  however,  that  the  epsom  salts  act 
;  an  energetic  catalyzing  agent  in  regard 
the  silicates.  This  combination  causes 
further  reaction,  the  apparent  result 
I'  which  is  that  the  acids  evolved  under 


the  influence  of  the  high  temperature 
from  the  aqueous  solution  of  the  salts, 
are  in  a  nascent  state,  and  that  reactions 
take  place  in  combination  with  the  sul- 
phur originally  existing  in  the  slag  itself. 

This  results  in  the  greater  part  of  the 
sulphur  being  driven  off  in  the  form  of 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  sulphur  diox- 
ide. Through  independent  laboratory 
tests  and  trials  the  Coltness  Iron  Com- 
pany are  convinced  that  the  cement  pre- 
pared by  this  process  is  ideal,  inasmuch 
as  the  molecules  are  combinations  of  lime 
with  silica  and  alumina.  Thus  the  cement 
possesses  the  salient  feature  of  setting 
within  a  desirable  limit  of  time  and  con- 
tains no  superflous  lime. 

The  experience  of  the  Coltness  Iron 
Company  shows  that  there  are  no  techni- 
cal reasons  why  such  a  practice  should 
not  be  generally  adopted  by  the  steel 
trade,  and  that  cement  works  could  be 
profitably  associated  with  iron  works.  By 
careful  designing  and  utilizing  every  pos- 
sible time-  and  labor-saving  device  to  dis- 
place manual  labor,  combined  with  speed 
and  smoothness  of  running,  the  cost  of 
manufacture  can  be  reduced  to  a  low 
figure.  At  this  factory  the  requisite 
power  is  furnished  by  a  I750-h.p.  blast- 
furnace gas  engine.  The  gas  is  purified 
and  cleaned  so  as  to  secure  all  the  valu- 
able by-products  it  contains,  such  as  tar 
oils  and  so  forth.  The  engine  drives  a 
complete  electric  plant  which  furnishes 
power  for  the  various  units  of  the  instal- 
lation. At  present  nine  blast  furnaces 
are  connected  with  the  granulators  ^nd 
from  120  to  140  tons  of  cement  are  pro- 
duced per  week,  though  the  capacity  of 
the  plant  is  1000  tons  per  week. 


Gold  Road  Mine,  Arizona 


Special   Correspondence 

The  Gold  Road  mine,  operated  by  the 
Gold  Road  Mining  and  Exploration  Com- 
pany, is  situated  24  miles  southwest  of 
Kingman,  Ariz.,  and  about  the  same  dis- 
tance northeast  of  Needles.  The  princi- 
pal rocks  of  the  district  are  of  igneous 
origin.  Different  varieties  of  porphyries 
prevail  and  these  are  cut  by  later  intru- 
sions of  andesite  and  rhyolite.  The  vein 
is  of  the  fissure  type  with  a  southeast- 
northwest  strike  and  dip  of  from  80  to 
85  deg.  to  the  north.  The  vein  filling  is 
chiefly  a  hard,  compact  quartz,  stained 
with  iron  oxide  in  places;  ribs  of  sugary 
quartz  occur  sparingly.  Ore  occurs  as 
free  gold  fairly  well  disseminated 
through  the  8  ft.  of  vein  matter,  although 
in  places  richer  bunches  are  found. 

The  vein  has  been  exposed  on  the  sur- 
face for  a  little  more  than  one  mile.  The 
mine  is  developed  by  a  shaft  835  ft.  deep, 
from  which  2000  ft.  of  stoping  ground 
has  been  opened.  Northwest  of  the  shaft 
800  ft.  of  mineralized  ground  has  been 
opened   by  drifts  on  several   levels;   this 


is  followed  by  500  ft.  of  barren  ground. 
Southeast  of  the  shaft  the  mineralization 
is  persistent  for  1200  ft.  f  total  of  7000 
ft.  of  drifting  has  been  do;  e  on  the  dif- 
ferent levels.  About  one-third  of  the  ore 
broken  is  being  hoisted,  the  remainder 
being  left  in  the  mine.  There  are  now 
75,000  tons  of  broken  ore  in  the  slopes, 
20,000  tons  developed  and  400,000  tons 
of  probable  ore.  The  dump  contains 
about  5000  tons.  This  ore  will  all  aver- 
age S9  per  ton  in  gold  with  a  small 
amount  of  silver. 

Mill  to  be  Enlarged 
The  mill  consists  of  40  stamps,  two 
Chilean  mills,  two  5x22-ft.  tube  mills, 
and  a  cyanide  plant.  The  ore  is  treated 
by  direct  cyanidation.  The  present 
equipment  provides  for  the  treatment  of 
200  tons  of  ore  per  day,  but  additions 
are  nearing  completion  that  will  increase 
the  capacity  to  300  tons  per  day.  At 
present,  only  enough  ore  is  being  hoisted 
to  keep  the  mill  running  at  full  capacity, 
but  there  is  ample  ore  developed  to  in- 
sure as  much  as  the  mill  will  handle  at 
the  increased  capacity.  Both  hoist  and 
mill  are  operated  with  electrical  power 
furnished  by  the  Desert  Water  and 
Power  Company,  of  Kingman.  At  pres- 
ent, 600  h.p.  is  required,  but  this  will  be 
increased  to  700  as  soon  as  the  additions 
to  the  mill  are  complete.  The  trans- 
mission line  is  24  miles  long.  A  crew  of 
150  men   is  employed   in  mine  and   mill. 


Water  Power  at  Niagara 

The  amount  of  power  utilized  at 
Niagara  and  the  principal  uses  to  which 
it  is  now  put,  according  to  the  Journ.  Soc. 
Clwm.  Ind.,  July  30,  1910,  is  shown  here- 
with. Although  the  information  is  by  no 
means  complete,  it  may  be  useful  and  in- 
teresting to  some. 

Ii.p. 

fnion    r.Triiide    Compnn.v 3.5.000 

Alnnihuini  I'ompan.v  ol'  .Vmorlca lo.dOd 

•  'ii'^ltiiT  lOli'i'trol.vlic  Ccimpanv .S.noo 

I'MrliuriiiKliim    ("umiiaii.v S.iion 

.\iii;.':ira    KIcdrn-clicmicnl    CiiTiipan.v.  .  .  0,000 
Inli'inallrinal    .\clips(iii    Ciapliltp    Com- 
pany      2.nni) 

IIiiokiM'  KIn.'iro  (■liomiral   ("umpany  .  .  .  .  6.000 

()lillmr.v    Klcclrrichcmical    ("cimpan.v.  . .  2.000 

N'lr-ton    Cumpany *.  .  .  .  2,o(m 

The  products  manufactured  at  Niagara 
Falls  today  are:  Aluminum,  sodium, 
caustic  alkali  and  bleached  products  de- 
rived from  electrolytic  chlorine,  calcium 
carbide,  calcium  nitrate,  hypochlorite  so- 
lutions, ozone,  ozygen  and  hydrogen, 
artificial  graphite,  artificial  emery  (car- 
borundum), sodium  cyanide,  sodium  per- 
oxide, potassium  and  sodium  chlorates, 
phosphorus,  ferro  and  aluminum  alloys. 


The  recrushing  plant  of  the  Calumet  & 
Hecia  Mining  Company  is  completed  and 
has  been  operating  to  its  full  capacity 
since  January,  1910.  The  rate  of  pro- 
duction on  the  grade  of  material  now 
treated  is  about  2.000,000  lb.  of  copper 
per  year,  and  the  cost  about  4.75c.  per 
pound. 


610 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


Smelting  at  Nishni  Tagil  in  the  Ural  Mountains 

Odd  Combination  of  Crude  Methods  and  Modern  Practice  Employed. 
Workmen  Devoid  of  Ambition  Despite  8  Hour  Day  and  Bonus  System 


B    Y 


W 


DRAPER 


* 


The  district  of  Nishai  Tagil,  the  prop- 
erty of  the  estate  of  the  late  P.  P.  Demi- 
doff,  Prince  San  Donate,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  land  grants  in  the  Urals,  having 
been  conveyed  by  Peter  the  Great  to  the 
founder  of  the  house  of  Demidoff  about 
200  years  ago.  It  derives  its  name  from 
the  Tagil  river  which  flows  through  the 
property.  The  district  comprises  2150 
square  miles  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
Ural  mountains,  about  75  miles  north  of 
the  city  of  Ekaterinburg,  and  is  rich  in 
mineral  deposits.  At  the  present  time 
lere  are  eleven  iron-smelting  works, 
ne  copper  smeltery  and  extensive  plati- 
num placers  in  operation. 

The  district  is  the  largest  single  pro- 
ducer of  platinum  in  the  Ural  mountains. 
Some  gold  is  found  in  the  placers  and 
gold  lodes  are  known  to  exist  but  are  not 
worked.  During  the  summer  months 
about  26,000  workmen  are  engaged  in  the 
district  in  operations  directly  or  indirectly 
connected  with  metal  production. 

Three  Classes  of  Ore  Mined 

The  copper  mines  are  located  on  the 
outskirts  of  the  town  of  Nishni  Tagil, 
which  is  the  center  of  activity  in  the  dis- 
trict and  the  seat  of  the  principal  offices. 
The  ore,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  oxi- 
dized, occurs  along  a  contact  between 
diorite  and  limestone.  A  standard-gage 
railway  of  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length, 
belonging  to  the  Demidoff  estate,  con- 
nects the  smeltery  to  the  mine.  These 
mines,  for  a  long  time  famous  for  their 
beautiful  specimens  of  malachite,  are 
called  Rudyansky  and  produce  the  fol- 
lowing three  classes  of  ore: 

1.  Pyritous  ores  from  the  northern  part 
of  the  deposit,  consisting  of  dissemi- 
nated chalcopyrite  with  a  good  deal  of 
magnetite. 

2.  Iron  ores  from  the  middle  part  of 
the  deposit,  consisting  of  a  mixture  of 
oxidized  copper  ore  with  considerable 
iron  oxide  and  red  clay. 

3.  Talc  ores  from  the  southern  part  of 
the  deposit,  consisting  of  yellow  clay, 
and  containing,  for  the  most  part,  small 
lumps  of  oxidized  copper  ore  with  some 
sulphides. 

At  the  present  time  the  mines  arc  able 
to  produce  about  100,000  tons  per  year, 
made  up  of  25,000  tons  of  pyritous  ore, 
50,000  tons  of  iron  ore,  and  25,000  tons 
o'  talc  ore.  The  ores  contain  from  3  to 
3.5  per  cent,  of  copper  and  are  without 
any   value   in   gold    or   silver.     The    ac- 


companying table  gives  the  average  ana- 
lysis of  the  various  classes  for  1909. 

Economical  Handling  of  Material 

The  ore  is  brought  from  the  mine  to  the 
smeltery  in  special  broad-gage  cars,  pro- 
vided with  hinged  bottoms  sloping  from 
the  center  toward  the  side.  Two  wooden 
trestles  extend  into  the  ore  shed  about 
10  ft.  above  the  floor,  so  that  the  unload- 
ing of  the  cars  is  r^pid  and  inexpensive, 
although  shoveling  is  necessary  for  al- 
most the  entire  quantity.  Each  kind  is 
dumped  in  a  separate  heap,  no  attempt 
being  made  to  bed  the  ore.  Owing  to  its 
clay  character,  most  of  the  ore  contains 
a  good  deal  of  moisture,  usually  as  high 
as  10  per  cent.,  and  as  the  shed  is  not  in- 
closed, the  heaps  freeze  in  winter,  requir- 
ing much  additional  labor. 

Ore  Roasted  in  Kilns 

The  pyritous  ores  are  roasted,  although 
this   class   of  ore   comes   in   such    solid 


Good  Grade  of  Coke  Used 

The  coal  comes  from  the  Luneff- 
sky  mine,  belonging  to  the  Demidoff 
estate,  which  is  situated  northeast  from 
Tagil  about  100  miles  and  connected 
therewith  by  railway.  Most  of  the  coke 
comes  from  Donetz  in  South  Russia, 
costing,  including  transportation  losses. 
SI  1.50  per  ton,  and  contains  about  12  per 
cent,  ash,  but  is  very  satisfactory.  A  poor 
grade  of  coke  can  be  made  from  Luneff- 
sky  coal  at  a  much  lower  cost  per  ton, 
but  it  is  of  such  poor  quality  that  at  pres- 
ent it  is  not  used. 

Luneffsky  coal  contains  5  to  6  per  cent, 
sulphur  and  25  to  30  per  cent,  ash,  the 
latter  containing  40  to  45  SiO-,  40  AhOs, 
15  FeO  and  1.5to2percent.  CaO-f  MgO. 
Luneffsky  coke  from  washed  coal  con- 
tains 3  per  cent,  sulphur  and  25  per  cent, 
ash.  The  silicious  character  of  the  ash, 
however,  is  no  detriment,  as  the  ores  are 
basic. 


ANALYSIS  OF 

RUDYAN.SKY   ORES  FOR   1909. 

Class  of  Ore. 

SiO,. 
Percent. 

FeO. 
Percent. 

A1,0,. 
Percent. 

MnO, 
Percent. 

CaO, 
Percent. 

MgO 
Percent. 

Per  Cent. 

18.47 
2-1 .  21 
46.57 

45.32 
43.67 
20.35 

8.05 
10.39 
14.19 

8.06 
0.88 
1,28 

4.50 
1.52 
1.16 

2.28 
1.93 
2.20 

4.13 

Iron  ore         

2  13 

1.43 

•Superintendent,     Arizona     SmeltlnK    Com- 
pany,   ITumholdt.    Ariz. 


lumps  that  only  about  three-quarters  of 
one  per  cent,  of  sulphur  is  eliminated. 
The  roasting  is  confined  mainly  to  the 
surface  of  the  lumps  and  extends  int" 
any  cracks  which  may  exist.  It  would 
hardly  seem  profitable  to  roast  the  ore 
for  so  slight  a  removal  of  sulphur,  and  the 
reason  assigned  is  that  the  ore  does  not 
smelt  well  in  the  raw  state;  but  1  could 
find  no  ground  for  such  a  contention.  The 
roasting  is  done  in  low,  continuous  kilns, 
using  a  large  amount  of  waste  wood  for 
fuel,  as  the  quantity  of  heat  furnished  bv 
the  oxidation  of  the  sulphur  is  very  small. 
It  requires  the  equivalent  of  one  cord  of 
wood  for  each  ten  tons  of  ore. 

The  kilns  are  rectangular  shafts  with 
sloping  bottoms  higher  in  the  center  than 
at  the  sides,  where  the  roasted  ore  is 
withdrawn.  They  are  so  arranged  that  the 
ore  from  the  mines  is  dumped  directly 
into  them  to  a  depth  of  6  ft.  from  broad- 
gage  ore  cars  running  over  the  top  of  the 
kilns.  The  ore  as  it  is  needed  for  making 
up  the  charges  is  drawn  from  the  kilns 
by  the  charge  wheelers. 

Coal  and  coke  are  brought  over  the 
company's  own  line  from  a  junction  with 
the  Perm  railway,  about  3  miles  distant. 


Arrangement  of  the  Ore  Yards  and 
Composition  of  the  Charges 

The  ore  is  dumped  in  separate  heap; 
on  the  ore  yard,  which  extends  the  whole 
length  of  the  plant  behind  the  blast  fur 
naces.  The  coal  and  coke  pockets  art 
at  one  end  of  the  ore  yard  and  fuel  is 
tiansferred  from  this  general  storage  t< 
small  bins  just  behind  the  furnaces,  b\ 
means  of  small  side-dump  buggies  hold 
ing  about  one  ton  each.  From  these  bin; 
it  is  shoveled  by  the  charge  wheelers  intt 
the  charge  barrows.  All  handling  both  o 
ore  and  fuel  has  to  be  done  by  shovel. 

To  this  ore  yard  are  brought,  by  horsi 
and  cart,  all  foul  slag  and  secondary  by- 
products which  require  resmelting.  Th( 
handling  of  this  material  is  by  contract 
and  costs  50  to  55  cents  per  ton. 

The  charges,  consisting  of  75  to  80  pet 
cent,  of  ore,  20  per  cent,  of  foul  slag 
secondary  by-products,  etc.,  and  5  to  ^ 
per  cent,  of  flux,  are  made  up  by  thf 
wheelers  on  the  plates  in  front  of  th< 
furnaces.  The  flux  used  is  limestone 
but  usually  none  is  required,  although  tlif 
furnacemen  clamor  for  permission  to  US< 


Lptember  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


611 


t  tt  iienever  the  furnace  works  slowly  or 

-adly. 

->ii  \rT  Furnaces  and  a  Special  Design 
OF  Reverberatory  Used 

The  smelting  is  done  partly  in  brick 
haft  furnaces  of  the  same  type  that  has 
'cen  in  use  for  a  century  or  more,  and 
;irtly  in  a  reverberatory  furnace  of  pai- 
nted design  originated  by  Lebedeff  and 
'omarantsefT. 

The  shaft-furnace  plant  consists  of  36 
urnaces,  three  of  which  are  of  special  de- 
ign for  smelting  roasted  matte  to  black 
opper.  The  ore-smelting  furnaces  are 
uilt  up  entirely  of  red  brick  except  for 
,vo  heavy  fire-brick  blocks  at  the  front 
here  the  slag  flows  out.  The  bottom  is  a 
lixture  of  ground  quartz  and  fire  clay 
imped  into  place  and  inclosed  by  a 
heet-iron  cylinder.  The  upper  half  of 
le  shaft  is  also  inclosed  in  sheet  iron, 
liile  the  boshes  are  held  by  vertical 
:lccs  of  old  rails  and  scrap  iron  of  va- 
oiis  shapes,  bound  with  iron  bands. 

Each  furnace  is  4  ft.  8  in.  in  diameter 
t  the  tuyeres,  5  ft.  6  in.  at  the  top  of 
le  boshes  (4  ft.  above  the  tuyeres)  and 

ft.  10  in.  at  the  feed  floor.  The  total 
ight  from  the  tuyeres  to  the   feed  floor 

7  ft.  4  in.  and  the  distance  from  the 
lyeres  to  the  bottom  of  the   crucible   is 

ft.  5  in.  Each  furnace  has  12  tuyeres 
■ranged  symmetrically  except  in    front 

er  the  slag  tap,  where  there  are  none, 
he  top  is  closed  by  a  hood  which  can 
■     raised     or     lowered,     and     connects 

rough  a  sliding  joint  with  a  low  stack. 

0  dust  chamber  is  provided  at  any  of 
e  furnaces. 

Such  a  furnace  smelts  on  an  average 
00  poods  or  20  tons  in  24  hours  with  a 
ast  pressure  of  0.5  in.  Hg  at  the  fur- 
ices  and  uses  from  22  to  25  per  cent,  of 
-  weight  of  a  mixture  of  Luneffsky  coal 
id  Donetz  coke.  Of  the  total  fuel  used 
lout  80  per  cent,  is  coal,  but  only  the 
mp  coal  can  be  used  in  the  furnaces; 
e  undersize  below  1  in.  is  used  under 
e  boilers.  The  coke  is  used  mainly  to 
d  in  correcting  irregularities  and  in 
arting  the  furnace  after  cleaning  out 
ws.  Owing  to  the  character  of  the 
alls,  it  is  necessary  to  charge  all  fuel 
the  middle  and  all  ore  around  the  out- 
de.  The  fuel  is  not  broken  at  all;  in 
ct.  lumps  up  to  a  foot  or  more  in  size 
e  thrown  carefully  in  to  avoid  breaking, 
ly  fines  in  the  fuel  tend  to  remain  un- 
irned  and  to  accumulate  in  the  bottom 
the  furnace,  increasing  the  formation 
sows.  Such  a  furnace  costs  from  S450 
".^00  complete,  or  when  only  the  walls 
quire  rebuilding,  S150,  and  has  a  life 
100  to  300  days,  depending  largely  on 
-•  skill  of  the  furnacemen. 

Tandem  Arrangement  of  Settlers 

1  Each  furnace  is  provided  with  a  so 
lied  forehearth  consisting  of  a  small 
ttling  basin   about  24  in.  deep   and   24 

in  diameter  in  front  of  the  slag  tap, 


and  a  second  smaller  basin  about  3  ft. 
distant  and  connected  with  the  first  by  a 
channel.  From  the  second  basin  the  slag 
flows  continuously  into  little  wrought-iron 
pots  on  two  wheels.  These  hold  about 
1  cu.ft.  of  slag  and  when  full  are 
wheeled  to  iron  plates  outside  the  build- 
ing, where  the  slag  is  dumped  out  and  al- 
lowed to  cool.  When  cold  the  slag  is 
broken  and  loaded  by  hand  into  side- 
dump  cars,  and  hauled  by  horses  to  the 
dump  about  one  and  a  half  miles  dis- 
tant. This  work  is  all  done  by  contract, 
costing  five  and  one-half  cents  per  ton 
for  breaking  and  loading,  one  and  one- 
half  cents  for  transportation  to  the  dump 
and  one-half  cent  for  track  maintenance, 
or  a  total  of  seven  and  one-half  cents 
per  ton,  for  handling  this  slag. 

The  furnaces  are  charged  only  after 
long  intervals.  The  charge  is  allowed  to 
sink  until  the  shaft  is  about  '.lalf  full. 
Then  the  blast  is  cut  off  and  the  whole 
crew  go  to  the  feed  floor  to  throw  in  the 
charge  which  has  in  the  meantime  been 
brought  in  by  the  wheelers.  The  amount 
of  fuel  and,  even  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent, the  quantities  of  the  various  ores  'n 
the  ore  mixture  are  left  to  the  individual 
furnacemen,  who  have  become  very  ex- 
pert in  the  handling  of  the  furnaces.  They 
aim  to  keep  noses  of  from  4  to  6 
in.  in  front  of  each  tuyere,  thus  in- 
suring a  protective  lining  of  sufficient 
thickness  to  prevent  burning  out  the 
walls.  The  intermittent  character  of  the 
operation  also  assists  in  preserving  the 
walls. 

Bonus  System  Employed 

Each  furnace  has  a  crew  of  six  men 
per  8-hour  shift,  who  perform  all  opera- 
tions, including  bringing  charges  and  re- 
moving slag  to  the  cooling  plates.  They 
receive,  in  addition  to  wages,  a  premium 
for  tonnage  smelted  above  a  certain  limit, 
which  is  placed  so  low  that  they  can 
hardly  fail  to  receive  something  above 
their  wages.  Under  such  circumstances 
it  is  supposed  that  the  men  will  keep  each 
furnace  up  to  maximum  capacity,  but  un- 
fortunately the  Russian  workman  is  to- 
tally devoid  of  ambition  to  provide  be- 
yond the  pressing  needs  of  the  day,  and 
as  long  as  these  are  satisfied  he  prefers 
to  take  life  easy  rather  than  to  increase 
his  income  by  harder  work.  When  the 
furnace  is  full  the  head  man  examines 
his  tuyeres,  punching  them  if  necessary, 
and  then  turns  on  the  blast. 

The  tuyeres  are  thin  iron  pipes  ending 
in  a  conical  nozzle,  which  fits  into  a 
thimble  set  in  the  brick  wall  of  the  fur- 
nace; the  tuyere  pipes  are  sometimes 
connected  with  the  nipples  of  the  bustle 
pipe  by  tuyere  bags,  which  are  usually 
missing,  when  the  pipe  is  simply  shoved 
up  over  or  into  the  nipples,  depending 
on  its  size.  Little  care  is  exercised  in 
keeping  the  tuyeres  fight,  with  a  conse- 
quent loss  of  a  large  percentage  of  the 
blast.      The    pressure    is    1    in.    of    Hg 


at  the  blowers,  but  only  !<  in.  at 
the  furnaces.  The  total  blast  furnished 
is  60,000  cu.ft.  per  min.  of  which  20,000 
is  delivered  by  an  old  piston  blower  and 
the  balance  by  No.  8  Roots  blowers. 

Intermittent  Operation  of  the 
Furnaces 

The  charging  of  the  furnaces  takes 
place  about  every  two  and  a  half  hours, 
and  about  one  hour  is  lost  from  the  time 
the  blast  is  cut  off'  until  slag  is  agaiil 
running  into  the  pots.  All  slag  remain- 
ing in  the  outer  basin  is  lifted  out  each 
time  and  goes  to  the  foul-slag  yard.  The 
actual  time  that  the  blast  is  cut  off  is 
about  30  minutes,  and  it  requires  another 
30  minutes  after  the  blast  is  put  on,  to 
get  the  furnace  started  and  the  settling 
basin   full. 

There  is  a  gradual  growth  of  sow  on 
the  bottom  of  the  furnaces,  which  con- 
sists of  a  little  metallic  iron  with  a  good 
deal  of  unburned  coal  and  half-meltec 
ore,  and  every  48  hours  the  furnace  muso 
be  stopped  to  clean  out  the  crucible.  To 
do  this  the  blast  is  stopped  and  the  fur- 
nace allowed  to  stand  a  short  time  until 
the  half-melted  layer  just  above  the 
tuyere  level  has  cooled  enough  to  form 
an  arch  and  support  the  charge.  Then 
all  matte  and  slag  are  tapped  out  as 
clean  as  possible  and  the  breast  of  the 
furnace  broken  in.  The  sow  is  cut  out 
with  steel  bars,  great  care  being  taken  not 
to  disturb  the  arch  which  is  supporting 
the  charge  in  the  shaft.  When  all  is 
clean,  the  space  is  filled  with  lumps  of 
coke  thrown  in  by  hand  and  the  breast 
closed  with  the  fireclay  blocks  which 
fomi  the  tymp  for  trapping  the  blast. 
These  blocks  are  of  special  shape,  manu- 
factured at  the  works,  and  sometimes  last 
48  hours,  but  generally  have  to  be  re- 
newed every  24  hours.  No  water  cool- 
ing is  used  anywhere  about  the  furnaces. 
This  intermittent  shutting  down  of  the 
furnace  requires  four  hours  from  the 
time  the  blast  is  shut  off  until  the  slag 
i;=  again  running,  and  it  produces  much 
material  for  resmelting. 

The  matte  is  allowed  to  accumulate  in 
the  furnace.  It  is  tapped  once  in  24 
hours  from  the  bottom  of  the  first  settling 
basin,  which  is  directly  connected 
through  the  slag  notch  with  the  crucible 
of  the  furnace.  As  the  level  of  the  matte 
in  the  furnace  rises  it  forces  the  slag 
to  cut  out  the  top  of  this  slag  notch  and 
generally  the  slag-brick  blocks  have  to 
be  replaced  each  time  the  matte  is  tapped. 
About  one  ton  of  matte  is  obtained  from 
each  tap,  and  about  I'j  per  cent, 
of  bottoms  and  13.5  per  cent,  of 
foul  slag  are  produced.  The  remainder 
of  the  slag  on  the  charge  comes  from  the 
black-copper  furnaces. 

Each  time  the  matte  is  tapped  much 
foul  slag  is  made  as  the  furnace  is  al- 
lowed to  empty  itself,  no  attempt  being 
made  to  plug  the  tap  hole  when  the  slag 
appears. 


612 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


The  Reverberatory  Furnace 
The  reverberatory  furnace  designed  by 
Lebedeff  and  Pomarantseff  is  fired  with 
wood  and  arranged  with  checker-work 
regenerators.  The  essential  feature  of 
the  furnace  is  the  use  of  down-draft 
fireboxes.  The  direction  of  the  flame  is 
reversed  every  two  hours,  and  in  order  to 
lessen  the  quantity  of  fuel  in  the  firebox, 
about  15  minutes  before  reversal  no  fuel 
is  charged.  Even  then  there  is  consider- 
able waste,  due  to  wood  remaining  in 
the  firebox  when  the  valves  are  changed. 
The  hearth  of  the  furnace  is  27.3  ft. 
long  and  16.8  ft.  wide,  while  the  fire- 
boxes are  each  3.08  ft.  wide  by  12  ft. 
long.  This  gives  a  ratio  of  hearth  to  fire- 
box area  of  12.4  to  1.  Ore  is  charged 
at  each  end  of  the  hearth  and  slag  and 
m.atte  are  tapped  from  the  middle.  Slag 
is  tapped  at  intervals  and  after  granula- 
tion with  water  is  removed  by  horses  and 
carts.  It  is  considerably  richer  than  that 
made  by  the  shaft  furnaces,  due  largely 
to  the  short  distance  between  the  ore 
heaps  and  the  slag  tap. 

This  furnace  smelts  58  tons  per  day, 
using  one  cord  of  wood  for  2.92  tons  of 
ore.  The  wood  must  be  carefully  dried 
and  of  best-quality  pine,  with  very  little 
birch.  With  green  wood  the  tonnage 
smelted    falls    off    very    rapidly. 

Roasting  the   Matte 

The  first  matte  contains  from  32  to  35 
per  cent,  copper  and  is  roasted  11  times 
in  heaps.  This  brings  the  sulphur  down 
to  5  or  6  per  cent.  The  first  two  or 
three  fires  are  made  with  heaps  contain- 
ing about  20  tons,  and  the  remaining  fires 
with  heaps  of  80  to  100  tons,  made  by 
combining  a  sufficient  number  of  the 
smaller  heaps. 

This  roasting  is  a  very  expensive  and 
tedious  process,  the  copper  being  tied  up 
for  three  months  or  more  in  the  heaps 
and  being  subject  to  serious  leaching 
losses  by  rain  water,  as  well  as  by  the  re- 
peated handling  in  the  open  air  of  the 
friable  partly  roasted  matte. 

The  total  fuel  consumption  is  about 
2600  cords  of  wood  for  4120  tons  of 
matte,  or  0.63  cord  per  ton.  For  the  earlier 
fires,  branches  and  chips  may  be  used, 
but  for  the  later  ones,  good,  sound  pine 
or  birch  is  required. 

Experiments  with  blast  roasting  of  the 
matte  have  given  very  good  results  and 
will  shortly  replace  the  heap  roasting  en- 
tirely and  will  bring  about  an  important 
reduction  In  costs. 

PRoniJCTioN  OF  Black  Copper 
The  roasted  matte  is  then  smelted  in 
small  brick  shaft  furnaces,  the  charge 
consisting  of  90  to  95  per  cent,  of  matte 
and  5  to  10  per  cent,  of  ore,  slag,  etc.  The 
absence  of  ores  high  in  silica  makes  it 
necessary  to  run  a  very  basic  slag.  The 
old  furnace  bottoms  from  the  rebuilding 
of  ore-smelting  furnaces  make  a  suitable 
flux,    but    they    are    limited    in    quantity. 


About  2  per  cent,  of  the  charge  con- 
sists of  slag  from  the  refining  furnaces. 
The  products  obtained  are  black  cop- 
per, white  metal  and  slag.  About  57  per 
cent,  of  the  copper  present  in  the  charge 
is  obtained  as  black  copper,  which  assays 
95.38  per  cent,  copper.  The  balance  of 
the  copper  is  in  white  metal,  furnace 
bottoms  and  slag.  The  annexed  table 
shows  the  distribution  of  the  copper. 

Construction  of  the  Black-copper 
Furnaces 

These  shaft  furnaces  are  of  a  different 
design  from  the  ore-smelting  furnaces. 
The  walls  are  vertical  and  the  cross-sec- 
tion trapezoidal-  with  rounded  front  cor- 
ners. The  back  wall  is  7  ft.  long  on  the 
inside,  the  front  wall  6  ft.  and  the  dis- 
tance between  them  4  ft.  The  furnace  is 
entirely  inclosed  in  riveted  iron  plates 
and  the  eight  tuyeres  are  all  placed  in 
the  ends  and  front  corners.  The  back 
has  no  tuyeres  and  there  are  none  over 
the  tap  hole.  When  in  operation  the 
breast  is  left  open,  thus  losing  a  great 
quantity  of  blast.  The  management  of- 
fered no  explanation  for  this  except  that 
it  is  customary. 

The  slag  flows  continuously  through  an 
arrangement  of  settling  basins  similar  to 
that  on  the  ore  furnaces.  The  crucible, 
constructed  of  brasque,  holds  about   100 


the  pole  and  is  thrown  off  to  one  side. 
This  is  repeated  until  all  matte  is  re- 
moved. The  copper  is  removed  in  the 
same  way,  but  in  order  to  hasten  the  op-' 
eration,  water  is  sprinkled  over  the  sur- 
face and  a  line  of  ashes  laid  across  the 
center  to  keep  it  liquid  at  that  point  and 
thus  enable  the  crust  to  be  taken  ofl"  in 
two  parts.  Each  half  is  lifted,  this  time 
on  iron  bars,  using  the  rim  of  the  basin 
as  a  fulcrum,  and  is  slid  on  to  a  slag  pot. 
When  two  or  three  pieces  are  on  the  pot, 
it  is  wheeled  to  a  sunken  tank  of  water 
and  the  copper  slabs  dumped  in. 

Such  a  furnace  smelts  about  23  tons  of 
charge  in  24  hours  and  uses  from  20  to 
23  per  cent,  of  Donetz  coke.  Charging 
is  by  column,  fuel  along  the  back  wall 
and   matte   and   flux   over  the  tuyeres. 

The  labor  required  is  one  furnace  man, 
four  helpers  and  two  slag  wheelers  per 
eight-hour  shift.  The  premium  system 
also  obtains,  the  men  receiving  a  bonus 
for  extra  tonnage  smelted  and  for  fuel 
economy. 

Refining 

The  black  copper  is  refined  in  gas-fired 
regenerative  furnaces.  As  the  copper  is 
free  from  As,  Sb,  Bi,  the  principal  im- 
purity being  Fe,  the  refining  is  easy  and 
rapid.  Each  furnace  treats  in  24  hours 
four  charges,  weighing  3650  lb.  The 
length  of  the  hearth  is  9  ft.  6  in.  and  the 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  COPPER  IN  THE  PRODUCTS. 


Material. 

Weight, 
Lb. 

Per  Cent . 
by  Weight . 

Per  Cent. 
Copper. 

Total   Copper 
Content,  Lb. 

Per  Cent, 
of  Total 
Copper. 

Black  copper 

White  metal    

54,058 

45.902 

6  397 

221,263 

16.5 

14  0 

2.0 

67.5 

95.38 

61.93 

6.00 

3.48 

50,394 

28,425 

384 

7,696 

57.1 
32  7 

Bottoms,  cleanings,  etc 

Slag 

1.4 

8,8 

327,620 

86,899 

100.0 

poods  of  copper,  which  is  tapped  every 
6  or  8  hours,  yielding  80  to  100  poods 
of  copper. 

When  the  furnace  is  ready  to  tap, 
the  blast  is  shut  off  and  the  en- 
tire contents  of  the  furnace  are  tapped 
into  a  shallow  circular  basin  previously 
dried  and  lined  with  ashes.  This  basin 
is  about  4  ft.  in  diameter  and  18  in.  deep, 
inclosed  in  cast-iron  plates. 

From  the  basin  any  surplus  material 
flows  to  a  series  of  cast-iron  molds,  al- 
though most  of  the  copper  remains  in  the 
basin,  but  occasionally  with  big  taps  it 
may  fill  the  first  five  or  six  molds  of  the 
series.  These  are  examined  immediately 
in  order  to  break  apart  the  pigs  of  cop- 
per before  they  are  cold. 

Removal  of  the  White  Metal  and 
Copper 

Most  of  the  white  metal  and  slag  will 
be  in  the  molds,  but  there  is  always  a 
layer  of  white  metal  floating  on  the  cop- 
per in  the  basin.  As  soon  as  a  thin  layer 
has  chilled  over  the  surface  of  this  matte 
it  is  lifted  up  by  thrusting  a  wooden  pole 
under  it      It  folds  down  over  each  side  of 


width  8   ft.  3  in.,  with  a  skimming  doo 
on  one   side  and  a  ladling  door  on  thi 
other.    Oxidation  is  by  means  of  air  bias  I 
supplied     through     two     galvanized-irc  .. 
tuyeres  tipped  with  cast-iron  nozzles  ani 
inserted  through  the  ladling  door. 

From  4463  tons  of  black  copper,  21 
tons  of  slag  were  produced,  assayin, 
about  40  per  cent,  copper. 

.As  the  copper  contains  no  preciou 
metals,  it  is  ladled  into  wire  bars  o 
other  forms  as  desired.  When  ready  t 
ladle,  if  for  subsequent  rolling  int 
sheets,  a  little  phosphorus  is  added,  th  , 
amount  being  2  to  3  grams  of  phosphoi 
us  for  each  Mi  lb.  of  copper. 

The  fuel  used  is  mostly  branche.''  ' 
refuse  wood  and  turf.  Calculating  thi 
as  nearly  as  possible  to  an  equivaler  1 
quantity  of  good  wood,  it  gives  4835  11  ' 
of  copper  treated  per  cord  of  wood.  On 
foreman,  four  helpers,  and  one  labore  i 
are   required   per  eight-hour  shift.  I' 


According  to  United  States  Ministf 
Shcrrill,  the  Hansa  Sociedad  de  Min.n 
produces  six-sevenths  of  the  output  i, 
tungsten  ore  in  Argentina. 


i 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


613 


Use  of  Explosives   in   British   Coal   Mines 


The  investigation  of  mine  explosions 
undertaken  by  the  United  States  Geolog- 
ical Survey  includes  a  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  various  explosives  used  in 
mining  operations  with  a  view  to  deter- 
mining the  extent  to  which  the  use  of 
such  explosives  might  be  responsible  for 
the  occurrence  of  holocausts.  Reports 
indicate  that  the  preliminary  investiga- 
tion made  it  clear  that  all  explosives  in- 
tended for  use  in  mines  where  either  gas 
or  dry  inflammable  dust  is  present  in 
quantity,  or  under  conditions  which  are 
indicative  of  danger,  should  be  subjected 
to   rigid   tests. 

In  view  of  the  activity  displayed  in  this 
particular  direction — a  list  of  "permissi- 
ble explosives"  having  been  published  by 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey — it 
may  be  appropriate  to  summarize  the  re- 
quirements of  the  British  Government  as 
embodied  in  the  explosives-in-coal-mines 
order,  and  also  to  give  the  composition 
of  the  different  explosives  permitted. 

The  Explosives  Order 

Under  section  1  of  the  order  dated 
Feb.  10,  1910,  the  use  of  explosives, 
other  than  "permitted  explosives,"  is  pro- 
hibited in  seams  (also  the  communicating 
shafts  or  drifts  in  process  of  being 
driven)  in  w-hich  dangerous  quantities  of 
inflammable  gas  have  been  found  within 
the  previous  three  months.  This  prohi- 
bition extends  to  coal  mines  which  are 
not  naturally  wet  throughout,  permitted 
explosives  only  having  to  be  used  on 
roads  and  in  dry  and  dusty  parts  of  the 
mine  (also  communicating  shafts  in 
drifts  in  process  of  being  driven). 

Section  2  sets  forth  the  conditions  to 
be  observed  in  such  coal  mines  or  parts: 
(al  Charges  have  to  be  fixed  by  a  com- 
petent person  caller  the  shot-firer,  who  is 
appointed  in  writing  by  the  owner,  agent 
or  manager,  and  whose  wages  do  not  de- 
pend on  the  mineral  output,  (b)  charges 
have  to  be  placed  in  properly  drilled  shot 
holes,  must  have  sufficient  stemming,  and 
in  each  case  consist  of  cartridge  or  cart- 
ridges of  one  description  of  explosive 
only,  (c)  cartridges  have  to  be  marked 
in  the  manner  set  forth  in  the  schedules. 
(d'l  cartridges  have  to  be  fired  by 
efficient  electrical  apparatus  inclosed  to 
afford  reasonable  security  against  gas 
ignitions,  or  by  a  permitted  igniter  fuse. 

(e)  In  firing,  a  cable  not  less  than  2C 
yards  in  length  has  to  be  used,  the  shot- 
firer  himself  coupling  up  the  cable  to  the 
charge  before  coupling  the  cable  to  the 
firing  apparatus.  He  is  required  first  to 
see  that  persons  in  the  vicinity  have 
taken  proper  shelter,  and  in  the  event  of 
a  misfire  he  must  immediately  disconnect 
the    cable    from    the    firing    apparatus. 

(f)  The  electrical  firing  apparatus  must 


be  provided  with  a  removable  handle  or 
safety  plug  or  push  button,  to  be  placed 
in  position  or  operated  only  when  the 
shot  is  required  to  be  fired  and  released 
immediately  after  firing,  the  handle  or 
safety  plug  to  be  in  the  personal  custody 


COMPOSITION  OF  PKR.MITTED 
EXPLOSIVES. 

Parts  hv 

Weight. 

lNnREI>IEXT.S. 

Not  More 
Than. 

Not  Less 
Than 

.\iTimonite* 

Nitrate  of  ainiiioniimi 

Di-nitro-iiaplithalene 

Aloistiire 

SO 
13 
0.5 

87 
11 

.\rkite* 

56 

4 
23 

8 

0.5 
16 

51 

Nitro-cotton          .        .  , 

3 

Nitrate  of  potassium 

Wood-meal    

21 
6 

t'halk 

Oxalate  of  ammonium 

14 

Bellite* 

Nitrate  of  ammonium 

Di-nitro-benzol 

95 
8 
0.75 

92 
5 

Moisture 

Bobl>ini1e* 

Nitrate  of  pota.ssium 

Charcoal               

66 
20.5 

2.5 

9 

3.5 

3 

63 

18  5 

1    5 

Kioe  or  maize  starch 

7 
2  5 

^loistiire         .... 

Carhonite* 

27 

36 

36 

42 
0.5 
0.5 
0  5 

25 

30 

Nitrate  of  potassium 

Wood-meal 

30 
39 

Sulptiuretted  benzol 

Carhoiuile  of  sodium . 

Cartjonate  of  Calcium 

The  wood-meal  to  contain 
not    more   than    20   per 
cent,  and  not  less  than 
10  per  cent,  by  weight  of 
moisture. 

.Mon()l)el  powder* 

Nit  rate  of  anunonium 

Nitro-glvcerin. 

82 
11 

10 
2.5 

78 
g 

Wood-meal  (dries  at  100  de- 
grees C.) 

0  5 

Rippite* 

Nitro-glvcerin             

62.5 
4.5 

20 

11 
1.5 

5.5 
1 

59   5 

3   5 

Nitrate  of  potassium 

Oxalate  of  ammonium 

Castor  oil              ... 

18 
9 
0  5 

Wood-meal  (dried  at  100  de- 
grees C.) 

3  5 

lloburite  No.  3* 

Nitrate  of  ammonium 

l)i-nitro-benzol 

Chloro-napblhalenc 

89 
13 

2 

0.5 

86 
9 

The  chloro-naphthalenc  to 
contain   not    fnnre  than 
one  part  of  rl/Hinn. 

Westphalite  No.  1    . 

Nitrate  of  ammonium 

Hesin        

96 
6 
9.5 

94 
4 

of  the  shot-firer  on  duty,  (g)  Each  ex- 
plosive has  to  be  used  in  the  manner  and 
subject  to  conditions  prescribed  in  the 
schedules,  (h)  When  two  or  more  shots 
are  fired  in  the  same  place,  and  are  not 
fired  simultaneously,  the  shot-firer  must 
examine  for  gas  immediately  before  fir- 
ing each  shot;  he  must  not  fire  until  the 
place  and  all  contiguous  places  within  20 
yd.  are  free  from  gas  and  safe  for  firing. 


Section  3  prohibits  the  use  of  any  ex- 
plosive in  main  haulageways  and  intakes 
beyond  100  yd.  of  the  coal  face  unless  all 
workmen  have  been  removed  from  the 
seam  in  which  the  shot  is  to  be  fired, 
f.nd  from  all  seams  communicating  with 
the  shaft  on  the  same  level,  except  the 
men  engaged  in  firing  the  shot,  and  other 
persons  (not  exceeding  ten)  necessarily 
engaged  in  attending  to  furnaces,  boilers, 
engines,  machinery,  etc.,  or  in  inspecting 
the  mine — or  unless  a  permitted  explosive 
is  used  as  required  by  section  2,  and  the 
roof,  floor  and  sides  of  the  road  or  intake, 
within  a  distance  of  20  yd.,  is  at  the  time 
of  firing  thoroughly  wet,  either  naturally 
or  from  the  application  of  water. 

Detonators  Must  Be  under  Control  of 
Manager 

In  accordance  with  section  4,  deto- 
nators must  be  under  the  control  of  the 
owner,  agent  or  manager,  or  person  ap- 
pointed in  writing  by  the  same.  They 
may  be  issued  only  to  shot-firers  or  other 
persons  authorized  in  WTiting,  who  must 
keep  the  detonators,  until  about  to  be 
used,  in  a  locked  case  or  box  separate 
from  other  explosives. 

Mines  of  clay  and  ironstone  are  ex- 
empted from  sections  1,  2  and  3  of  the 
order;  also  shafts  in  course  of  being 
sunk  from  the  surface,  or  deepened,  or 
drifts  and  other  outlets  being  driven  frotii 
the  surface,  except  as  provided  in  section 
1.  The  order  applies  to  each  seam  in  ,i 
mine  as  if  it  were  a  separate  seam. 

Conditions  regulating  the  manner  of 
use  and  manufacture  and  marking  of 
each  explosive  are  given  and  must  be  ob- 
served. Altogether  the  explosives  in  the 
first  schedule  number  62,  and  it  is  claimed 
that  during  the  time  the  order  has  applied 
to  the  iTiines  of  Great  Britain,  the  death- 
rate  from  explosions  has  been  reduced 
one-half  or  more.  Selecting  the  ten  most 
commonly  used  of  the  permitted  explo- 
sives, they  consist  of  mixtures  as  shown 
in  the  accompanying  table,  the  name  of 
the  explosive  being  designated  by  an 
asterisk. 

One  Pound  of  Explosive  Used  for  Every 
Seven  Tons  of  Coal  Mined 
In  the  year  1908  there  were  275,540,- 
745  tons  of  mineral  raised  from  British 
mines,  and  it  was  ascertained  that  23,- 
586,132  lb.  of  explosives  were  used. 
About  33.9  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  ex- 
plosives was  of  permitted  explosives,  the 
remainder  being  gunpowder,  etc.  The 
estimated  number  of  shots  fired  was  39,- 
725,748,  and  thus  approximately  0.6  lb. 
of  explosive  was  used  for  each  shot,  and 
I  lb.  of  explosive  for  every  7  tons  of 
mineral.  About  15,656,243  shots  were 
fired  by  electricity,  577,589  by  permitted 


614 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


ignited    fuse,    10,839,267   by   other   fuse, 
and  12,652,449  by  squibs. 

The  permitted  igniter  fuse  (Bickford's) 
is  cited  in  the  second  schedule  of  the  ex- 
plosive order.  It  consists  of  a  tube  of 
tinned  iron  or  steel,  closed  at  one  end, 
and  containing  a  mixture  of  chlorate  of 
potassium  and  sugar  pressed  into  a  pellet 
not  exceeding  100  mg.  in  weight,  in  close 
contact  with  a  hermetically  sealed  glass 
capsule  containing  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid.  A  length  of  specially  prepared  col- 
liery fuse  is  fitted  into  the  open  end  of 
the  tube,  the  fuse  being  securely  attached 
to  the  tube  and  the  joint  being  cemented 
by  a  tape.  The  fuse  consists  of  a  core 
of  gunpowder  in  weight  not  exceeding 
6  gm.  per  meter,  traversed  by  two  threads 
and  inclosed  by:  (Da  layer  of  jute 
yam;  (2)  a  layer  of  jute  yarn  laid  in  the 
contrary  direction;  (31  a  layer  of  tape; 
(4)  a  layer  of  tape  laid  in  the  contrary 
direction;  (5)  a  layer  of  jute  yarn  se- 
cured by  a  suitable  varnish.  The  three 
cuter  layers  are  specially  treated  with  a 
fire-proofing  composition. 


Coal  Briquetting  in  the  United 
States 


Spitzbergen  Coal  Mining 

Consul-General  Henry  Bordewich,  of 
Christiania,  Norway,  furnishes  thefoUow- 
ing  information  concerning  the  coal  mines 
at  Advent  Bay,  in  the  arctic  island  of 
Spitzbergen,  in  which  Americans  are  in- 
terested: 

The  steamer  "Munroe,"  belonging  tothe 
coal-mining  company,  passed  Tromso, 
northern  Norway,  bound  for  Spitzbergen 
with  supplies,  on  May  18,  and  on  May 
30  entered  that  port  on  its  return  trip, 
having  accomplished  the  voyage  in  12 
days. 

The  officers  report  that  among  the  100 
men  who  have  passed  the  winter  at  work 
in  the  company's  mines  at  Advent  Bay 
there  has  been  little  sickness.  The  winter 
*as  unusually  mild,  and  the  work  pro- 
gressed under  the  most  favorable  condi- 
tions. About  8000  tons  of  coal,  pro- 
nounced of  excellent  quality,  have  been 
extracted  and  made  ready  for  market. 
The  excavations  are  now  so  deep  that 
work  in  the  mines  can  be  carried  on  re- 
gardless of  weather  and  seasons.  Suit- 
able buildings  have  been  erected,  and  sub- 
stantial wharves  are  under  construction. 
AM  concerned  appear  to  be  well  satisfied. 
It  is  stated  that,  owing  to  the  mild  weath- 
er, the  whole  west  coast  of  Spitzbergen 
all  the  way  to  Advent  Bay  is  free  of  ice, 
and  that  the  snow  had  disappeared  from 
the  mountains  as  early  as  May. 


The  F.  Krupp  Company,  employed  on 
May  I,  1910,  according  to  U.  S.  Consul- 
General  Richard  Guenther,  in  its  various 
works  at  Essen,  Rheinhausen,  Annen, 
Magdeburg  and  Kiel,  62,14v^  work  people 
and  6840  officials,  clerks,  etc.,  a  total 
of  68,985  persons  as  against  63,540  the 
year  before. 


More  briquets  were  made'  in  the  United 
States  in  1009  than  in  any  preceding  year. 
Sixteen  briquetting  plants  were  in  opera- 
tion, but  five  of  them  were  only  working 
experimentally  and  two  of  these  were 
making  briquets  from  peat.  The  total 
product  in  1909  was  139,661  short  tons, 
valued  at  $452,697,  an  increase  over  the 
output  of  1908  of  49,303  tons,  or  more 
than  54  per  cent.,  in  quantity,  and  of 
$129,640,  or  40  per  cent.,  in  value. 

This  output  is  insignificant  compared 
with  that  of  Germany,  where  18,000,000 
tons  of  briquets  are  made  every  year,  but 
it  shows  that  the  briquet  industry  is  at 
last  getting  started  in  the  United  States. 
The  conditions  in  Germany,  however,  are 


ing,  lignite,  coke  breeze  and  peat;  and 
with  the  increase  in  the  use  of  by-product 
recovery  coke-making  processes  and  the 
mining  out  of  the  more  accessible  high- 
grade  coals  the  briquet  industry  must 
surely  find  a  larger  market  and  make  a 
greater  output. 


Storage    Battery   Extension  to 
Colliery  Power  Plant 

Special  Correspondence 


In  a  paper  presented  at  the  forty-sec- 
ond general  meeting  of  the  institution  of 
mining  engineers,  in  London,  on  June  2, 
William  Maurice  said  that  in  1908,  the 
double-shift  system  was  established  at 
Hucknall  collieries  (Nottingham),  and 
about   this  time   developments  at   No.   1 


Fig.  1.   Di.igram  showing  General  Arrangement 
of  Connections  at  Nos.  J  and  2  Pits 


No.  1  Pit 

Fig.  2.   Side  Elevation  of  Rateau        FiG.   3.   End 

Turbo-alternator  Set      Elevation  of  Rateau 

Turbo-alternator  Set.    n>  E„iin„ring  f  XMn,  jmr,uii 

Arrangement  of  Electrical  Equip.ment  at  Hucknall  Collieries 


very  favorable  to  the  success  oftheindus- 
iry.  Labor  is  cheaper,  coal  is  dearer,  and 
the  wasteful  "beehive"  coke  oven  is  un- 
known, for  coal  is  coked  in  retort  ovens 
supplied  with  by-product  recovery  equip- 
ment, which  yields  a  large  output  of 
coal-tar  pitch  that  is  available  for  use  as 
binding  material  for  making  briquets. 

Obstacles  to  the  Briquet  Industry 

In  the  United  States  the  briquet  indus- 
try is  held  back  by  the  large  supply  of 
cheap  natural  fuel,  by  the  high  cost  of 
labor,  and  by  attempts  to  exploit  secret 
processes  for  which  extravagant  claims 
are  made  but  which  have  failed  to  make 
good.  The  material  available  for  briquet 
making  is  abundant,  consisting  of  anthra- 
cite culm,  slack  coal  available   for  cok- 


mine  demanded  the  supply  of  consider- 
ably more  power  than  was  available.  The 
intention    was    to    dismantle    everything 


rAI'ACITY     AND     DISCHARGE     RATE     OK 
BATTERY. 


Capacity, 
.\nipere 
Hoins. 

Rates  of 
Discliarge, 
.\mperes. 

Duration, 
Hours. 

Final  Electro- 
motive Force, 
Volts  per  Cell. 

400 
330 
236 

40 
110 
236 

10 
3 
1 

1.S3 
1.80 
1.75 

TnK  Full,  Capacity  if  the  Boxes  Were  Fitted 
WITH  13  Plates  Each  Would  Be: 


600 

60 

10 

1.83 

492 

164 

3 

1.80 

353 

353 

1 

1.75 

'"Coal  BriqucttitiK  In  (he  United  States  in 
llinn,"  by  Edward  W.  Tarker,  U.  S.  Geol. 
Surv. 


steam-driven  (except  the  winders),  and 
to  erect  new  screening  appliances  and 
to   increase   the   number  of  coal   cutters. 


, 


September  24,  I9IU. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


615 


The  problem  to  be  solved  lay  in  deter- 
mining which  was  the  most  economical 
way  of  providing  the  required  power. 

Direct-current  Adopted 

The  direct-current  system  was  adopted 
on  the  ground  that  it  would  be  less  costly 
to  install,  lower  in  running  charges,  and 
more  satisfactory  in  operation.  The  bulk 
of  the  extra  power  was  required  for  coal 
cutting   and  the    fact   that   direct-current 


mands  of  coal  cutters,  haulage  and  other 
motors,  and  it  also  extended  over  hours 
in  each  day  and  days  in  each  week  when 
the  generating  station  at  No.  2  pit  was 
idle.  The  only  way,  therefore,  of  effec- 
tively utilizing  the  spare  power  was  to 
provide  means  for  storing  and  equalizing 
it. 

Transmitting  the  Spare  Power 
In  order  to  transmit  the  spare  power 
to   No.    1   pit,  a  90-kw.   transformer  was 


compounded  direct-current  generator;  a 
Lancashire  automatic  reversible  booster 
for  regulating  the  working  of  the  battery 
has  been  coupled  on  the  same  shaft. 

Details  of  the  General  System 

The  accompanying  diagrams  illustrate 
the  general  system.  Looking  at  Hig.  1, 
the  general  arrangement  of  the  plant  will 
be  seen,  A  being  the  three-phase  gener- 
ator at  No.  2  pit,  S  the  step-up-trans- 


Busljur  VoltiiiUer  (r) 


Machine  Volti  ic 


t=^i 


lA 


i 


t\ 


500  Voltfl.  Tbree-phaae 


Buteau 
Generator 


Kobcy  Generator 
Kcaerve  Set 


No.  2  Pit 


Swltcb 

Fuses 


Underground 

Baulage 

10  Kilowatt  Transformer, 
^   ,  3.000/200  Volts 

Lighting  Circuit  -— ^^v|[-w— e»-j 

at  ilo.  2  Pit  ■■  ~ 


500  VoItB 

100  Kilowatt  Transfonner, 
500/3.000  Volts 


'Exlatiog 
Switchboard 


^t^ 


Circular 
Saw 


Motor  or    \ 
erator 


jRobey  Engine 

400-700 
B.V. 


No.  1  Pit 

1.  Booster  VoItB.  1.  Battery  Volts. 

2.  Paralleling  Battery.  2.  Busbar  Volts. 

3.  Paralleling  Dynamo.  3.  Dynamo  Volts. 
150-0-150  400-700 


Private  House 
Lightning 


Knrth    Earth      150- 

U 


M,".e7tJ    I  '- 


^ 


CO  No.  1  AlUroator  Toltfc 
(2)inBh  Curront  Line  Volto. 
"  No.  2  AtUrnator  Volts. 
)  SfDCbronhtug  No.  1  Alternator. 
)SjQcliroDisl&g  No.  2  Alternator. 
Lighting  Circoila, 
100  Volts 


Note:- 

J  This  Ammeter 

[Can  be  connected 

Yacroas  any  One 

of   the    Three 

\  Fuses. 


Field 
Regulator 


Tht  S'lgineerinjf  ^Mining  Sotimcl 


F:c.  4.   Diagram  Showing  Connections  at  Nos.  1  and  2  Pits 


coai  cutters  were  already  in  use  had  to 
be  taken  into  account. 

Ultimately  the  problem  became  one  of 
how  to  utilize  the  spare  power  of  a 
Rateau  turbo  alternator.  This  was  not  a 
iconstant  quantity,  the  haulage  was  rang- 
ing frequently  from  no  load  to  near  the 
full  load  of  the  generator.  The  power 
Hoad  at  No.  I  pit  was  of  a  widely  fluctuat- 
ing character,  owing  to  the  intermittent  de- 


put  down  at  the  generating  station,  step- 
ping up  the  pressure  from  500  volts  (the 
pressure  of  the  generator)  to  3000  volts, 
at  which  latter  pressure  the  power  is 
transmitted  by  a  bare  overhead  wire  to  No. 
1  pit,  distant  about  1  ;4  miles.  At  No.  1 
pit,  there  has  been  installed  a  converting 
set,  consisting  of  an  80  kilo-volt-ampere 
3000-volt  synchronous  motor,  direct 
coupled  to  a  500  volt,  100  ampe/e  level 


former,  C  the  overhead  line,  and  D.  E.  F, 
the  converting  set  in  the  substation  at  No. 
1  pit,  consisting  of  the  3000-volt  synchron- 
ous motor  D,  coupled  to  the  direct-cur- 
rent generator  E,  and  to  the  automatic 
booster  F,  the  last  named  being  connect- 
ed I'n  series  with  the  battery  G. 

Figs.  2  and  3  show  an  outline  drawing 
of  the  set,  while  Fig.  4  is  a  diagram  of 
connections. 


616 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


The  Storage  Battery 

The  storage  battery  consists  of  240 
Tudor  type  cells,  9  plates  per  cell,  but 
fitted  in  glass  boxes  of  size  sufficient  to 
contain  13  plates  as  provision  for  a  50 
per  cent,  increase  in  storage  capacity. 
The  table  herewith  gives  the  capacity  and 
discharge  rate  of  the  batter>-  as  now 
working  and  the  extra  capacity  obtainable 
by  adding  four  plates  per  cell. 

The  installation  has  been  in  daily  oper- 
ation for  a  year  and  a  half,  with  entirely 
satisfactory  results,  and  it  is  hoped  will 
serve  to  point  out  one  way  of  meeting 
the  ever-growing  demands  on  a  colliery 
power  station. 


Explosibility  of  Coal  EXist 


Washington  Correspondence 


The  recently  created  Federal  Bureau  of 
Mines  has  just  issued  a  bulletin  on  the 
explosibility  of  coal  dust,  with  chapters 
by  J.  C.  W.  Frazer,  Axel  Larsen,  Frank 
Haas  and  Carl  Scholz.  The  bulletin  was 
prepared  by  the  Technologic  Branch  of 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey, 
which  is  now  a  part  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines,  and  therefore  will  be  known  as 
Geological  Survey  Bull.  425,  but  will 
be  distributed  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 
The  author  of  the  bulletin,  George  S. 
Rice,  chief  mining  engineer  of  the  Bu- 
reau, goes  fully  into  one  of  the  most  se- 
rious and  most  perplexing  problems  that 
the  coal  mines  have  had  to  contend  with 
in  the  last  few  years.  He  traces  the 
growth  in  the  belief  in  the  explosibility 
of  coal  dust,  summarizes  the  experiments 
and  mine  investigations  that  have  es- 
tablished this  belief  and  gives  the  pres- 
ent status  of  preventative  measures. 

In  the  introduction,  Mr.  Rice  says: 
"Only  within  comparatively  few  years 
has  the  dry  dust  of  bituminous  and  lig- 
nitic  coal  been  generally  recognized  as  an 
explosive  agent  more  insidious,  threaten- 
ing and  deadly  to  the  miner  than  firedamp. 
Firedamp  carries  its  own  flag  of  warning — 
the  'cap'  in  the  safety  lamp — but  coal 
dust,  though  visible,  does  not  attract  at- 
tention until  present  in  large  quantities. 
Firedamp  is  of  local  occurrence  and  ex- 
cept in  notable  and  exceptionable  cases 
is  controllable  by  careful  manipulation  of 
the  ventilating  currents.  If  by  mischance 
a  body  of  firedamp  is  ignited  in  a  mine, 
the  force  of  the  explosion  is  terrific,  but 
the  effect  is  localized  unless  dry  coal 
dust  is  present,  or  unless  (as  it  rarely 
happens)  an  explosible  mixture  of  me- 
thane gas  and  air  extends  through  large 
areas  of  the  mine.  In  a  dr\'  mine,  dust 
accumulates  everywhere,  and  the  blast 
from  the  ignition  and  combustion  of  bi- 
tuminous dust  may  traverse  miles  of 
rooms  and  entries  and  wreck  structures 
at  the  entrance  of  the  mine.  The  com- 
parative potential  destructiveness  of  gas 


and  of  bituminous  dust  is  strikingly  shown 
by  the  history  of  the  Pennsylvania  an- 
thracite mines.  These  mines  not  infre- 
quently have  large  inflows  of  gas,  and 
the  resulting  mixtures  of  gas  and  air 
have  sometimes  been  ignited,  yet  no  such 
wide  sweeping  explosions  have  taken 
place,  despite  the  presence  of  dry  anthra- 
cite dust,  as  have  happened  in  excellently 
ventilated  bituminous  mines." 

The  Courrieres  Disaster  Caused  a 
Change  in  Opinion 

Mr.  Rice  reviews  the  experiments  into 
the  explosibility  of  coal  dust  in  foreign 
countries  and  dwells  at  considerable 
length  upon  the  attitude  taken  in  France 
by  the  engineers,  who,  until  the  great 
disaster  at  Courrieres  in  1906,  which  cost 
1000  lives,  did  not  believe  that  coal  dust 
would  explode  without  the  presence  of 
firedamp.  Since  that  terrible  disaster,  a 
testing  station  has  been  established  in 
France  and  now  the  French  engineers  are 
fully  convinced  of  the  dangers  of  coal 
dust. 

"The  coal-dust  question  in  this  coun- 
try," continues  Mr.  Rice,  "cannot  be  said 
to  have  awakened  widespread  interest 
among  mining  men  until  the  terrible  dis- 
asters of  December,  1907,  which  resulted 
in  the  death  of  648  men.  In  response  to 
a  demand  by  those  interested  in  coal  min- 
ing throughout  the  country.  Congress,  in 
1908,  made  an  appropriation  for  the  in- 
vestigation of  mine  explosions.  The 
United  States  Geological  Survey  was 
charged  with  the  investigation.  A  test- 
ing station  was  at  once  decided  upon  and 
was  established  at  Pittsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

"While  it  is  probable  that  for  several 
years  the  leading  mining  men  in  the 
country  have  believed  in  the  explosibility 
of  coal  dust  without  the  presence  of  fire- 
damp, yet  until  the  public  demonstrations 
were  given  at  the  testing  station  at  Pitts- 
burg, during  1908-09,  and  reports  were 
received  of  similar  tests  made  abroad,  a 
large  proportion  disbelieved.  These  tests 
were  so  convincing  to  those  who  saw 
them,  and  such  general  publicity  has 
been  given  to  them,  that  it  is  now  ex- 
ceptional to  find  a  mining  man  who  does 
not  accept  the  evidence  of  the  explosi- 
bility of  coal  dust.  The  question  of  the 
day  no  longer  is  'will  coal  dust  ex- 
plode?' but  'what  is  the  best  method  of 
preventing  coal  dust  explosions?'" 

Conclusions  on  Dust  Problem 

The  following  are  some  of  the  tentative 
conclusions  of  Mr.  Rice  on  the  dust  prob- 
lem: 

"That  coal  dust  will  explode  under 
some  circumstances,  both  in  the  pres- 
ence of  firedamp  and  without  it,  is  now 
generally  accepted  by  mining  men.  The 
writer  fully  agrees  with  this  and  takes 
the  following  views  of  the  explosibility  of 
dust  and  the  conditions  necessary  for  ex- 
plosion. 


Effect  of  Volatile  Combustible  Matter 

"Experiments  at  Pittsburg  indicate  that 
under  ordinary  conditions  the  dust  must 
be  from  coal  having  at  least  about  10 
per  cent,  of  volatile  combustible  matter, 
though  in  certain  foreign  experiments,  it 
is  claimed  explosions  were  obtained  with 
charcoal  dust. 

"Dusts  with  higher  percentages  of  vol- 
atile combustible  matter  are  more  sensi- 
tive, ash,  moisture  contents,  and  size  be- 
ing constant.  This  view  is  based  partly 
on  the  preliminary  experiments  at  Pitts- 
burg and  on  the  results  of  experiments 
of  M.  Taffanel  and  other  foreign  investi- 
gators. Where  there  is  a  large  amount 
of  dry  coal  dust,  judging  from  the  Pitts- 
burg experiments,  a  humid  atmosphere 
has  little  effect  on  ignition  of  dust  or 
propagation  of  an  explosion.  A  long  con- 
tinuance of  the  humid  conditions  renders 
the  coal  dust  moist  and  inert,  but  the 
presence  of  moisture  in  the  air  at  the 
moment  of  explosion  is  not  sufficient  tc 
prevent  an  explosion;  that  is,  not  enough 
moisture  is  carried  by  the  mine  air  to  re- 
duce materially  the  temperature  of  tht 
fiame.  Fully  saturated  vapor  at  65  dcg 
F.,  an  ordinarj'  mine  temperature  in  thi: 
country,  weighs  6.78  grains  per  cu.ft 
(15.5  grams  per  cu.m.)  Coal  dust  sus- 
pended in  such  a  saturated  atmosphere  it 
a  cloud  of  moderate  density  weighs,  say 
200  grams  per  cu.m.  At  the  figures  given 
the  freight  of  vapor  is  but  7.8  per  cent,  o 
the  weight  of  dust.  The  Pittsburg  ex 
periments  with  wetted  dust  showed  tha 
several  times  this  percentage  of  moisturi 
in  the  dust,  in  addition  to  a  nearly  satu 
rated  atmosphere,  was  required  to  pre 
vent  propagation. 

"Probably  with  a  low  dust  density,  thi 
relative  humidity  of  the  air  would  be  ai 
important  factor  in  tending  to  prevent  th' 
initiation  of  an  explosion.  However,  th 
great  purpose  of  artificially  humidifyin; 
mine  air  is  that  it  may  serve  as  a  vehlcl 
for  carrying  water  to  the  dust." 

Mr.  Rice  concludes  by  reviewing  th 
various  remedies  that  are  offered  for  th 
coal-dust  problem,  giving  the  good  an' 
bad  points  of  each. 


A  Substitute  for  Steel 

A  new  alloy  was  proclaimed  by  EI^ 
wood  Haynes,  of  Kokomo,  Ind.,  befor 
the  American  Chemical  Society  in  ses' 
sion  at  San  Francisco,  on  July  16,  191C 
It  is  stated  that  the  new  metal  is  ai 
alloy  of  cobalt  and  chromium.  It  is  sal' 
not  to  oxidize,  will  take  an  edge  compar 
able  with  steel,  retains  its  luster  ani 
takes  a  hard  polish. 

Pocket  knives  and  a  razor  have  bee: 
made  of  this,  and  fruit  knives  are  sail 
not  to  tarnish  from  contact  with  th 
juices  of  the  fruit.  The  cost  is  greate 
than  steel,  but  in  its  practical  utility  i 
is  expected  to  have  a  large  advantage. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


617 


Report  on  Coal  Tests  Made  by 
Canadian  Experts 

Special  Correspondknce 

The  Summary  Report  of  the  Mines 
Branch  of  the  Canadian  Department  of 
Mines  of  1909  contains  a  preliminary 
report  by  Dr.  John  Bonsall  Porter,  of  the 
coal  tests,  undertaken  by  himself  and 
Professor  Durley  at  McGill  University, 
Montreal,  begun  in  1907.  These  tests 
have  now  been  completed  and  a  detailed 
report  is  in  course  of  preparation.  Doctor 
Porter  gives  a  general  statement  of  the 
character  and  scope  of  the  work,  embody- 
ing some  of  the  conclusions  reached,  and 
particulars  as  to  the  known  extent  and 
qualities  of  the  Canadian  coalfields. 

The  coals  subjected  to  tests  included 
samples  from  nearly  all  the  Canadian 
mines  already  developed  and  in  a  condi- 
tion to  place  their  output  upon  the  mar- 
ket; upward  of  fifty  samples  of  about  10 
tons  each  being  secured.  These  were 
subjected  to  coal-washing,  boiler  and 
gas-producer  tests,  as  well  as  coking 
:rials.  Chemical  determinations  were 
nade  as  to  the  various  constituents 
if  each  sample  in  addition  to  physical 
leterminations  of  the  fusion  temperature 
if  ashes,  specific  gravity,  porosity  and 
strength  of  cokes,  and  the  calorific  values 
)f  solid  and  gaseous  fuels.  Special  in- 
/estigations  were  also  made  on  the  deter- 
iiination  of  sulphur  in  coal,  determina- 
ion  of  volatile  matter  in  coal  and  coke, 
solubility  of  coal  in  water,  determination 
)f  physical  values  of  coke,  weathering  of 
-oal,  etc.  The  thoroughness  and  extent 
)f  the  work  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
:ach  complete  test  of  a  coal  involved 
)ver  400  separate  determinations. 

lETERMININC      WHETHER      A     CoAL      WlLL 

Coke  or  Not 

It  has  hitherto  been  difficult  to  answer 
he  question  as  to  whether  a  certain  coal 
vould  make  a  good  coke  without  con- 
lucting  a  series  of  oven  trials  on  a  large 
md  costly  scale.  Even  a  full-sized  ex- 
'crimental  oven  is  unsuitable  for  sucn 
vork,  as  its  operation  differs  much  from 
hat  of  an  oven  surrounded  by  others, 
he  only  safe  course  has  been  to  send  a 
onsiderable  quantity  of  each  coal  to  a 
lank  of  ovens  and  to  test  it  under  stand- 
rd  conditions,  repeating  the  operation  if 
lecessary  with  different  coking  periods 
0  reach  a  definite  conclusion.  It  was 
onsldered  impossible  to  carry  out  costly 
ests  of  this  character  upon  upward  of 
ifty  different  samples;  therefore,  an  ex- 
ended  investigation  was  undertaken  at 
he  works  of  the  Dominion  Iron  and  Steel 
-ompany,  Sydney,  N.  S.,  with  a  view  to 
eveloping  some  reliable  method  of  work- 
ing on  a  small  scale.  These  experiments, 
upplemented  by  tests  on  various  types 
f  ovens  in  different  places,  led  to  a  sat- 


isfactory conclusion;  and  it  is  now  pos- 
sible to  test  coals  in  lots  of,  say,  50  lb., 
the  resultant  cokes  being  in  every  way 
similar  to  those  produced  in  commercial 
ovens  and  in  most  cases  indistinguish- 
able from  them. 

Coking  Tests 

The  method  in  brief  is  as  follows:  The 
sample  of  coal,  which  should  be  as  fresh 
as  possible,  is  crushed,  washed,  if  nec- 
essary, and  slightly  moistened  in  some 
cases,  and  is  thus  brought  to  the  condi- 
tion in  which  it  would  normally  go  to  the 
ovens.  It  is  then  put  into  rectangular 
boxes  of  heavy  sheet  iron,  each  holding 
say  50  lb.  These  are  freely  perforated 
to  permit  the  escape  of  gas,  the  perfora- 
tions being  blanked  with  paper  to  pre- 
vent the  egress  or  ingress  of  coal.  The 
boxes  are  weighed  and  placed  in  an  oven 
which  is  being  charged,  as  a  part  of 
the  regular  charge,  and  are  coked  under 
normal  conditions.  On  the  withdrawal 
of  the  charge  the  boxes  are  quenched  as 
promptly,  yet  as  lightly  as  possible,  and 
are  then  dried  and  weighed  before  open- 
ing. In  addition  to  the  trials  to  deter- 
mine whether  the  coals  would  or  would 
not  coke,  a  series  of  tests  was  made  to 
determine  the  effects  of  moistening,  com- 
pressing, etc.,  also  of  different  tempera- 
tures and  the  duration  of  the  coking 
period. 

Subdivision  of  Canadian  Coalfields 

The  report  presents  some  very  general 
conclusions  respecting  the  characteristics 
of  the  products  of  the  great  coalfields 
of  Canada,  which  may  be  roughly 
grouped  into  four  divisions,  their  re- 
spective coal  contents  being  estimated  as 
follows: 

1.  Maritime  provinces — bituminous 
coal,    10,000,000,000    tons. 

2.  Central  Plains  and  Eastern  Rocky 
Mountains,  including  Manitoba,  Saskat- 
chewan, Alberta,  and  a  portion  of  British 
Columbia — anthracite,  400,000,000  tons; 
bituminous,  80,000,000,000  tons;  lignite, 
80,000,000,000  tons. 

3.  Pacific  Coast  and  the  Western 
Mountains,  including  most  of  British 
Columbia  and  the  Yukon — anthracite, 
10,000,000  tons;  bituminous,  2,000.000,- 
000  tons;   lignite,   1,000,000,000  tons. 

4.  The  Arctic-Mackenzie  basin — lignite 
only,  500.000,000  tons. 

The  Nova  Scotia  coals  are  similar  to 
the  ordinary  grades  of  English  and 
Scotch,  though  on  the  average  they  may 
have  a  little  more  ash  and  considerably 
more  sulphur  than  the  British  seams  of 
the  same  thickness.  Most  of  them  make 
fair  coke,  and  on  the  whole  may  be  taken 
as  being  fair  to  good  steam  coals  and 
excellent  for  domestic  use.  The  largest 
part  of  Canada's  coal  supply  is  from 
this  source. 

The  coals  of  section  2  are  enormous 


in  quantity  and  many  of  them  of  ex- 
cellent quality.  Some  of  the  best  Crows 
Nest  coals  are  admirable  in  every  respect. 
These  coals  are  all  of  comparatively  re- 
cent age  geologically  (Cretaceous)  and, 
except  the  lignites,  which  occur  chiefly 
in  the  plains,  are  found  in  the  main  up- 
lift of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  beds 
much  tilted  and  often  irregular.  The 
coals  are  consequently  less  uniform  in 
quality  ttian  they  would  otherwise  be, 
and  many  of  them  carry  large  quantities 
of  ash,  either  innerent,  or  as  an  unavoid- 
able  mixture    from   mining   operations. 

The  various  seams  are  largely  ex- 
ploited; the  anthracite  by  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  near  Banff,  the  bitumi- 
nous by  many  companies,  most  of  them 
operating  near  the  Crow's  Nest  Pass 
branch  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad, 
and  the  lignites  in  numerous  places  in  the 
provinces  of  Alberta,  Saskatchewan  and 
Manitoba.  The  bituminous  coals  are  quite 
variable,  ranging  from  high-grade  steam 
coals  down.  Some  make  admirable  coke, 
others  will  do  so  if  washed  free  from 
excessive  impurities,  and  others,  which 
do  not  coke  well  or  will  not  coke  at 
all.  are  useful  for  steam  and  domestic 
purposes.  The  greater  part  are  stil  up- 
exploited.  lying  to  the  north  of  present 
lines  of  traffic. 

Coal    Deposits   on    Pacific    Coast 

The  Pacific  Coast  coal  deposits  are 
best  developed  in  Vancouver  Island  where 
they  have  been  mined  for  many  years 
and  also  in  Graham  island  to  the  north 
where  mining  has  not  yet  begun.  Smaller 
but  important  fields  have  been  found  in 
many  localities.  The  Vancouver  Island 
coals  are  more  or  less  normal  bituminous 
and  some  of  them  coke  well.  Others  are 
largely  lignite,  or  lignitic  bituminous, 
some  of  them  coking  well,  but  mostly 
unsuitable  for  metallurgical  uses.  They 
are  in  general  well  adapted  for  domestic 
purposes  and  for  use  as  steam  coal. 
Their  impurities  vary  greatly,  but  on  the 
whole  they  resemble  the  coals  of  the 
second  division. 


A  New  Aluminum  Alloy 

The  British  firm  of  Vickers  Sons  & 
Maxim  have  announced  that  it  will  put 
on  the  market  in  October  a  new  alumi- 
num alloy,  which  is  to  be  called  duralu- 
min. It  is  the  discovery  of  the  com- 
pany's chief  chemist,  Mr.  Weeks,  who 
claims  it  is  as  strong  as  steel,  while  its 
weight  is  one-third  that  of  brass,  or  only 
slightly  heavier  than  aluminum.  It  can 
be  rolled,  drawn,  stamped  and  forged  and 
is  less  subject  to  corrosion  than  any  other 
aluminum  alloy. 


The  Stavely  Coal  and  Iron  Company, 
in  the  Nottingham  district  in  England,  is 
preparing  plans  for  a  large  plant  for  the 
manufacture  of  slag  cement. 


6!8 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


riiu     vviix     v>y>     nn     tuv     nn     >iv>ii      nn     \m     UU     XXXX     XXXX     MU     XXXX    XXXX     XXXX     XXJ^THm 


MINING  AND  METALLURGICAL  PATENTS 

A     CLASSIFIED      LIST      OF 


-^       ^         NEW    INVENTIONS  ^ 


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A  copy  of  the  specifications  ot  any  of  these 
patents  'issued  bv  tlie  inited  States  Patent 
Office  will  be  mailed  by  The  Engineering 
AND  IIINING  JoiKNAL  upon  the  receipt  of  25 
cents.  British  patents  are  supplied  at  40 
cents.  In  ordering  specifications,  correspond- 
ents are  requested  to  give  the  number,  name 
of  inventor  and  date  of  issue. 

COAI,   AXD   COKE 

BRIQUET  TRESS.  John  T.  Davis,  Oak- 
land, C'al.,  assignor  to  Davis  Briquet  Com- 
pany, Oakland,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No.  907,617; 
Aug".    16,    1010.) 

COAL  CUTTING — Improvements  in  Coal- 
Cutting  Machines.  William  Purdeu.  Mans- 
field,   Eng.       (Brit.    No.    20,3:30    of    1009.) 

COAL-MINING  APPARATUS.  Andrew  Pow- 
■ai,  Uniontown.  Penn.  ( U.  S.  No.  96S,8S1  ; 
iug.    30,    1910.) 

COKE  —  Improvements  in  Coke  Ovens. 
Walther  Ilibv.  Crigglestone.  near  Wakefield, 
England.      (Brit.  No.  4069  of  1910.) 

FIRE  D.\MP — Device  for  Indicating  the 
Presence  of  Fire  Damp  by  Means  of  a  Selen- 
ium Cell  and  a  Safety  Lamp.  Ileini-ich 
Freisc.  Bochum,  Germany.  (Brit.  No.  9543 
of  1010.) 

SAFETY  LAMPS — Improvements  in  Min- 
ers' Safety  Lamps.  Laidler  &  Sons,  and 
James  MoLoughlin,  Durham,  Eng.  (Brit.  No. 
17,405   of   1009. 1 

SCREEN — Coal  Screen.  Hiram  B.  Sackett, 
Chicago,  111.  (U.  S.  No.  009,659;  Sept.  6, 
1910.) 

COPPER 

EXTRACTION — Electrolytic  Process  of  Ex- 
tracting Metals  from  Their  Ores.  William  E. 
Greenawalt,  Denver,  Ci'In.  ( U.  S.  Nos.  968,- 
051,   908,652   and   9GS.S45  ;   Aug.   30,    1910.) 

GOLD     VXD    SILVER 

AGITATOR  AND  DISINTEGRATOR.  Thom- 
as Edwards,  liallarat,  Victori.a,  Australia. 
(U.    S.    No.   967,743;    Aug.    16,    1910.) 

AMAL(;.\M.\T01!.  Natale  Simon  and  Eu- 
gene E.  Thibaiilt,  Butte.  .Mont.,  assignors  of 
one-third  to  Edwin  P.  Suiter,  Bulte,  Mont. 
(U.    S.    No.    968,888;    Aug.    30,    1010.) 

CYANIDING — Fluid-Distributing  Pipe  for 
Ore-Treatment  Vats.  Charles  Edwin  Draper 
I'slier,  Johannesburg,  Transvaal,  assignor  to 
Adair-T'sher  Process,  Ltd..  .Tohannesburg, 
Transvaal.  (U.  S.  No.  965,767  ;  July  26, 
1910.) 

GOLD-SAVING  RIFFLE.  Carl  Erickson, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No.  007,745;  Aiig. 
16,    101(1.) 

GOLD-WASHING  AND  SEPAItATING  MA- 
nilNE.  Edmund  Randolph.  Jacksonville, 
Fla.      <U.    S.    No.  068.8.S3 ;    Aug.   30,    1010.) 

PUECIPITATIOX  APPARATUS.  Thomas 
Edwards.  Ballarat,  ^'ictoria.  Australia.  (U.  S. 
No.   007.744;   Aug.    10,    1910.) 

SLIME  TREATMENT — Improvements  In  or 
Relating  to  the  Separation  of  TJ(|Uids  from 
Finely  Dividend  Materials  such  as  Gold  Slime. 
A.  Swan,  London,  I'Ing.  (Brit.  No.  25,809  of 
1900.) 

TUBE-MILL  LINING.  Kidney  Sherrard  Os- 
born,  fiermiston,  Transvaal.  (U.  S.  No.  065,- 
730;   .hily   26,    1910.) 

IRON    AND    STEEI, 

BLAST  FT-RNACE.  James  Scott.  Pittsburg, 
Penn.      (IT.  S.  No.  904.885;  .July  19.  1910.) 

BLAST-FURNACE  Charging  Apparatus. 
George  I*.  Collord.  Birmingham.  Ala.  (TT.  S. 
Nos.  907,328  and  907.320;   Aug.   10.   1910.^ 

CEMENT  FROM  SLAG  —  Apparatus  for 
Producing  Cement.  Hermann  Pnssow,  Blank- 
anese,  Germany,  assignor,  by  mesne  assign- 
ments, to  the  Atlas  Portland  Cement  Cnm- 
panv.  New  York.  N.  Y.  (V.  S.  No.  904.805; 
July    19,    1010.) 

DESTTLPin'RIZING  STEEIj  —  Tmprove- 
ments  In  the  Treatment  of  Steel  for  Desnl- 
ptiurliiing  and  Deoyidizing  Purposes.  R.  H. 
Wolfr.  New  York  Cilv.  (Brit.  No.  18,902  of 
1009.) 


DIRECT  I'RODUCTION — Improvements  in 
the  Direct  Production  of  Iron  and  Steel  from 
O.Kide  Iron  Ores.  William  S.  Simpson  and 
Howard  Oviatt,  London,  Eng.  (Brit.  No. 
9103    of    1909.) 

MANGANESE  STEEL  —  Manufacture  of 
Manganese  Steel.  Winfield  S.  Potter,  New- 
York,  N.  Y.  ( U.  S.  Nos.  968,601  and  968,602  ; 
Aug.   30,    1010. 1 

JIANUFACTURE  OF  IRONNICKEL-COP- 
PER  ALLOYS.  Guilliam  H.  Clonier,  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.  (U.  S.  No.  065,871  ;  August 
2,    1010.) 

REDUCING  FURNACE — Furnace  for  Re- 
ducing Metallic  Oxides.  Charles  Morris  John- 
son. Avalon.  Penn..  assignor  to  Crucible  Steel 
Company  of  .\merica,  Pittsburg,  Penn.  (U.S. 
No.    964.871;    July    19.    1910.) 

REDICTION  PROCESS — ^Method  of  Re- 
ducing Jletallic  Oxides.  Charles  Morris 
Johnson,  .\valon,  Penn.,  assignor  to  Crucible 
Steel  Company  of  America.  (U.  S.  No.  964,- 
868:    Juiy    19!   1910.) 

REFINING — Process  of  Refining  Iron. 
Josy  Flohr.  Rodange,  Luxemburg,  assignor  to 
Socii'te  .\nonyme  des  Hants  Fourneaux  J. 
Forges,  Dndelange,  Luxemburg.  (U.  S.  No. 
968,758;    Ang.    30,    1910.) 

LE.VD,   ZINC   AND   OTHER  METALS 

ALUJIINA — Method  of  Producing  Pure 
Alumina.  Ottokar  Serpek,  Niedermorschiveil- 
er,  near  Dornach  in  Alsace,  Germany.  (Brit. 
No.    17,011   of   1900.) 

LE.\D — .\pparatus  for  Refining  and  Desil- 
verizing Lead.  George  Powell  Hulst,  Omaha, 
Neb.      (U.   S.   No.   96o,464 ;   July   26,   1910.1 

TIN — Improvements  in  Apparatus  for  the 
Treatment  of  Metalliferous  Slimes.  James  M. 
Holman,  John  I..  Holman  and  Joseph  Coad, 
Camborne.      (Brit.   No.   16,936  of   1909.) 

SODIUM — Process  of  Treating  Ores.  Phil- 
ip A.  Emanuel.  Aiken.  S.  C.  (U.  S.  Nos.  957,- 
755    and    057,750;    May    10,    1910.) 

ZINC — An  Improved  ^lethod  and  Furnace 
for  the  Reduction  ot  Zinc.  A.  R.  Lindblad 
and  O.  Stalhane,  Ludvika,  Sweden.  (Brit. 
No.    25,979   of   1909.) 

ZINC — Apparatus  for  Charging  the  Retorts 
of  Zinc  and  Other  Analogous  Furnaces.  Emile 
Dor-Delattre,  Liege,  Belgium.  (U.  S.  No. 
969,254  ;    Sept.   6,    1910.) 

ZINC — Electrolyte  and  Method  of  Electro- 
Depositing  Zinc.  Edward  F.  Kern.  Knoxvllle, 
Tenn..  assignor  of  one-half  to  Percy  S.  Brown, 
New  York,'  N.  Y.  (U-  S.  No.  967,200;  Aug. 
16,   191(1.) 

ZINC — Improvements  in  or  Relating  to  the 
Manufacture  of  Oxide  of  Zinc  for  Smelting. 
R.  W.  E.  Maclvor.  Waldemar  Hommel,  and 
the  Metals  Extraction  Corporation,  Ltd.,  Lon- 
don.      (Brit.    No.     19,386    of    1009.) 

ZINC — Improvements  in  the  Extraction  of 
Zinc  from  Zinc  Sulphide  Ores.  Imbert  Pro- 
cess Company,  New  York.  (Brit.  No.  28,487 
of  1909.> 

NONMETAI.LIC    MINERALS 

CRYOLITE — Process  of  Making  Artificial 
Cryolite,  (ierhard  Loesekann,  Hanover.  (Jer- 
m."iny.      (U.    S.    No.    969,381;    Sept.    0,    1010.) 

FELDSPAR — Process  of  Rendering  Potash 
Compounds  Soluble.  Franklin  R.  Carpenter. 
Denver,  Colo.,  assignor  to  American  Iron  and 
Steel  Alloys  Co.,  Denver,  Colo.  (U.  S.  No. 
950.841  ;    May    31,    1910.) 

MAGNESITE — Method  of  Preparing  Powd- 
ered Magnesile.  .Joseph  Leese.  Manchester, 
England.      ( U.  S.  No.  968,009;  Aug.  .30,  1910.) 

PETROLEUM — Obtaining  Petroleum  Pro- 
ducts. Herman  Frascli.  New  York.  N.  Y., 
assignor  to  Standard  Oil  Company.  Bayonne, 
N.   .T.      (V.    S.    No.    908.700;    Aug.    30,    1910.) 

PYRITES — Improvements  in  iind  Connected 
with  the  Smelting  of  Pyrites  and  Other  Sul- 
phide Ores.  A.  Haggenmiller,  Tarica,  Peru. 
(Brit.    No.    9958    of    1900.) 


MINING— GENERAL 

CANDLESTICK-  Folding  Candlestick.  Geo. 
Winchester.  Black  Bear.  Idaho.  (U.  S.  No. 
961.190;   June   14,    1010.) 

COMPRESSED  All! — Improvements  in  Dis- 


tributing   Devices    for    Compresed    Air    Tools,  ' 
Rock    Drills    and    the    Like.       Armaturen-und  i 
Maschinenfabrik    "Westfalia"    Gesellschaft,  of ; 
Gelsenkirchen,    Germany.       (Brit.    No.    10,228 
of    1910.) 

DRILL — Electromagnetic  Drill.  Frank  E. 
Baney,  Smelser,  Wis.,  assignor  of  one-half  to 
James  E.  Kennedy,  Platteville.  Wis.  (U.  S. 
No.   908,729;    Aug.    30,    1910.) 

DRILL-FEEDING  MECHANISM.  Daniel 
Shaw  Waugh,  Denver,  Colo.,  assignor  to  Den- 
ver Rock  Drill  and  Machinery  Company.  Den- 
ver. Colo.      (U.  S.  No.  969,310;  Sept.  6,  1010.) 

DRILL     HOLES — .Apparatus     for     Testing  ' 
Drill     Holes.       Matthias     Garvey.     Mlneville 
N.   Y.      (U.    S.    No.    965,808;    July    26,    1910.1 

DRILL  SHARPENER.  Richard  A.  Schmidi 
Bavard  Station.  N.  Mex.  (U.  S.  No.  969,081 
Aug.    30,    1910.) 

HOISTING    ENGINES— Controlling   Appar 
atus  for  Hoisting  Engines.  Clarence  R.  Welc'i  , 
Butte,    Mont.      (U.    S.'    No.    965,770;    July   26 
1910.) 

PROPS — Improvements  in  or  Relating  tc 
Props  for  Mines.  August  Winz.  Essen-Rutten 
scheid.  Germany.      (Brit.  No.  13,188  of  1910. 

ROTARY  MINING  DRILL.  George  G 
Barker.  Upland,  Penn.,  assignor  of  one-hal 
to  William  C.  Alexander,  Media,  Penn.  (C.  g 
No.   960.377;    August   2,    1910.) 

TUNNELING  MACHINE.  George  A.  Fowl 
er,  Denver,  Colo.      (Brit.  No.   10,319  of  1909. 

VENTILATION — Mine  -  Ventilating  Appar 
atus.  William  Dunn.  Wheatland,  Penn.  (U.  f 
No.   963,002;    June   28,    1910.) 

ORE   DRESSING— GENERAL 

CRUSHING — Improvements  in  Combine 
Ball  and  Tube  Mills.  Joseph  E.  Kennedj 
New   York.      (Brit.    No.    6464   of    1910.) 

DRY  SEPAR.4TOR.  Adam  Weir  Kinglant 
McAlester,  Okla.  (U.  S.  No.  968,084 ;  Allf 
30,   1910.) 

GRIZZLY.  Herbert  A.  Corliss,  Grants  Pas: 
Ore.      (U.  S.  No.  909,003;  Sept.  6,  1910.) 

JIGGING  MACHINE  for  Dressing  Ore 
Henry  Richard  Hancock,  Burnside,  South  Au 
tralia,  Australia,  assignor  to  Allis-Chalmei 
Company,  Jlilwaukee,  \S'Is-  (U.  S.  No.  965 
294;   July   20,    1910.) 

MAGNETIC  SEPARATORS— Improvemen 
In  and  Relating  to  Magnetic  Ore  Separator 
Friedrich  W.  Carl  Stachow.  Brussels,  Be 
glum.      (Brit.    No.   3314   of   1910.1 

ORE  CONCENTRATOR.  Ulysses  S.  .Tame 
Newark,  N.  J.,  assignor  to  James  Ore  Conce 
trator  Company,  Newark,  N.  .!..  a  Corporati' 
of  New  Jersey.  (U.  S.  No.  968,951  :  Aug.  :; 
1010.) 

SEP.\RATIO.\ — Ore  Separating  or  C.>ncc' 
trating  Machine.  Walter  R.  Lins,  Philail. 
phia,  Penn.  (U.  S.  No.  962,575;  June  i: 
1910.) 

METALLURGY— GENERAL 

ALUMINOTHERMIC  REDUCTION  PR' 
CESS — .\n  Improved  Method  of  olitainii 
Soluble  Slag  in  the  .\luminotherniic  Reducii 
Process  lor  the  Production  of  Melals.  Jos 
Buchel,  Vorarlherg,  Austria.  (Brit.  No.  IG.fl' 
of   1909.) 

ELECTRIC    Ft^RNACES — Means    for    R(  ' 
ulating      Electrodes      In      Electric      Kurnnri 
James  Henry  Reid,  Newark.  N.  J.     (U.  S.  N' 
968,003;    Aug.    30,    1910.) 

ELECTRIC  S:MEI.T1NG  Method  of  Utili 
ing  the  Gases  Resulting  from  Reduction  0 
erations  Carried  Out  in  Electric  Furnaces  »' 
Electric  Furnaces  for  Carrying  Out  the  San 
A.  Helgerstein.  Vienna.  Austria.  (Brit.  ^ 
24.498    of    1900.) 

ELECTROLYSIS — Method  of  Reducing  Op 
Frederick  M.  Becket,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  ' 
assignor  to  Electro  Melallurgical  CompaD 
(U.    S.    No.   967.1.59;    Au.    16,    1910.) 

ROASTING,  CALCINING,  ETC.— Impro> 
ments  in  or  Relating  to  Furnaces  for  t 
Roasting.  Cab-ining.  Smelting  and  Ti-eatme 
of  Ores,  and  Which  Are  Also  Applicable  1 
the  Reheating  of  Illllets  and  for  the  lleatH 
of  Metals  Generally.  Leonard  A.  Smnllwnn 
Birmingham.  England.  (Brit.  No.  14,812 
1900.) 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


619 


PERSO  NAL 


Mining  ;in<l  metalhirsii'al  pnginpors  aro  in- 
i.,l  to  kppp  TUF.  ENiaxKi:i!iN<;  axi>  Minim: 
H  \:\.\\.    informed    of    their    niovenuMits    and 

!■  liiilmonts. 

Herbert  Carn.ichael,  of  Victoria,  B.  C-, 
irovincial  assayer,  has  gone  to  England 
m  a  two  months'  visit. 

J.  L.  Saint  Dizier  has  resigned  as  man- 
iger  of  the  Encinillas  Mines  of  Santa 
Rosalia,  Chihuahua,  Mexico. 

S.  R.  Heakes,  general  manager  of  the 
■Cerr  Lake  mine,  Cobalt,  Ont.,  has  gone  to 
"few  York  for  medical  treatment. 

Anton  Eilers,  who  has  been  spending 
he  summer  in  Germany,  will  be  home 
hortly  before  the  end  of  September. 

H.  E.  Schlieff,  of  Berlin,  Germany, 
ecently  investigated  the  tungsten  de- 
posits in  Stevens  county,  Washington. 

George  E.  Parish,  who  has  spent  the 
ummer  examining  placer  ground  in  Alas- 
a,  is  now  on  his  way  to  Durango,  Mex- 
;o. 

Howland  Bancroft  has  left  Washington 
or  Arizona,  where  the  next  four  months 
ill  be  spent  in  studying  the  geology  in 
le  Ray  quadrangle. 

Byron  C.  Slinning,  of  Chicago,  is  now 
1  Texas  constructing  a  dam  and  hydro- 
lectric  power  plant  at  Marble  Falls  on 
le    Colorado    river. 

Dr.  W.  G.  Miller,  provincial  geologist 
f  Ontario,  has  returned  to  Toronto,  Ont., 
rom  attending  the  Geological  Congress, 
t  Stockholm,  Sweden. 

M.  S.  Davys,  for  years  an  active  mine 
wner  and  manager  in  West  Kootenay, 
icently  left  Nelson,  B.  C,  on  his  return 

1  his  home  in  England. 

S.  M.  Thorne,  formerly  of  the  Silver 
eaf  mine,  has  succeeded  J.  W.  Astley 
5  engineer  of  the  Peterson  Lake  Mining 
ompany,   of  Cobalt,   Ontario. 

William  Cooper,  general  manager  of 
:c  Capital  Mining  and  Tunnel  Company, 
eorgetown,  Colo.,  will  retire  Sept.  30, 
fter  nine  years'  service  with  the  com- 
any. 

W.  C.  Thomas,  formerly  manager  at 
oundary  Falls,  B.  C,  for  the  Dominion 
opper  Company,  and  since  resident  in 
alt  Lake  City,  Utah,  has  gone  to  live  at 
ancouver. 

Martin  Nordegg  has  returned  to  Toron- 
>,  Ont.,  from  the  Canadian  West,  where 

2  has  been  engaged  in  connection  with 
le   operations  of  the   German    Develop- 

'I  Company. 

\    party    including    Ambrose    Monell, 

'  apt.   J.    R.    DeLamar,   and    Charles    L. 

ennison,  of  New  York,  have  been  mak- 

ig  an  inspection  of  the   Dome  property 

Porcupine,  Ontario. 

''■  S.  Mendels,  agent  of  the  Curb  mar- 
'  in  New  York,  has  been  appointed  a 
legate  to  represent  the  Stock  Exchani^e 


at  the  meeting  of  the  American  Mining 
Congress,  at  Los  Angeles. 

Richard  Newsam,  of  Peoria,  has  been 
appointed  manager  of  the  rescue  stations 
which  will  be  established  in  Illinois  by 
the  commission  appointed  under  the  re- 
cent session  of  the  Legislature. 

Leo  G.  Smith,  formerly  of  the  Bu- 
cyrus  Steel  Casting  Company,  Bucyrus, 
O.,  has  been  appointed  manager  of  the 
steel  plant  of  the  Canada  Iron  Corpora- 
tion, at  Londonderry,  Nova  Scotia. 

Claude  T.  Rice,  formerly  of  the  edi- 
torial staff  of  the  Journal  and  lately  edi- 
tor of  the  Mines  and  Methods,  has  re- 
signed from  the  latter  position  and  has 
rejoined  the  Journal  as  special  corres- 
pondent. 

Marshall  D.  Draper  and  John  Gross 
have  formed  the  firm  of  Draper  &  Gross, 
to  carry  on  a  general  engineering  busi- 
ness in  mining  and  metallurgy,  with  of- 
fices at  746  Equitable  building,  Denver, 
Colorado. 

Walter  H.  Bunce,  late  of  the  Hercules 
mines,  has  been  appointed  general  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunnyside  mine  at  Sil- 
verton,  Colo.  H.  Y.  Russell  succeeds  Mr. 
Bunce  as  general  superintendent  of  the 
Hercules  mine. 

Dyke  V.  Keedy,  of  the  firm  of  Dietz  & 
Keedy,  of  Boston,  is  at  present  in  Nova 
Scotia  examining  copper  properties  for 
Boston  interests.  Carl  F.  Dietz,  of  the 
same  firm,  has  left  Boston  for  Denver 
and  New  Mexican  points  on  professional 
business. 

W.  L.  Coulson,  manager  of  the  Can- 
adian Collieries  (  Dunsmuir),  Ltd.,  operat- 
ing the  Dunsmuir  coal  mines  on  Van- 
couer  island,  B.  C,  is  examining  Rocky 
mountain  coal  properties  in  northwestern 
Alberta  for  the  MacKenzie  &  Mann  syn- 
aicate,  Toronto,  Ontario. 

Rupert  K.  Stockwell  has  resigned  his 
position  as  construction  engineer  for  the 
I'nited  States  Smelting.  Refining  and 
Mining  Company,  at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah, 
and  is  now  assistant  general  superinten- 
dent of  the  Alpha  Portland  Cement  Com- 
pany, at  Easton,  Pennsylvani,^. 

Robert  Musgrave,  who,  since  his  retire- 
ment from  the  management  of  El  Tigre 
mine,  Sonora,  Mexico,  has  been  on  a  six 
months'  holiday,  has  gone  to  Sultepec, 
Mexico,  for  the  Exploration  Company  of 
England  and  Mexico.  His  brother,  Ed- 
ward C.  Musgrave.  is  now  of  the  firm  of 
Kerr  &  Musgrave,  Mexico  City. 

Sprague,  Keyes  &  Jackson,  consulting 
engineers,  88  Broad  street,  Boston,  have 
been  engaged  by  Bailey- Wood  Coal  Com- 
pany, of  Woodbav.  W.  Va.,  to  draw  up 
specifications  and  plans,  also  to  purchase 
the  machinery  for  the  power  plant  and 
ventilation  of  the  mines.  This  work  will 
be  under  the  direct  supervision  of  Tim- 
othy  W.   Sprague. 

-Or  J.  .1.  Darlington,  chief  sanitary  offi- 
cer of  the  "nitcd  States  Steel  Corpora- 


tion, recently  spent  10  days  in  the  Birm- 
ingham district,  and  in  addition  to  visiting 
the  various  plants  of  the  Tennessee  Coal, 
Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  met  the  san- 
itary and  health  officers  of  Birmingham 
and  a  number  of  physicians  to  whom  he 
delivered  an  address  on  sanitation.  Dr. 
Darlington  visited  the  new  town  of  Corey. 

J.  McEvoy,  of  Toronto,  Ont.,  and 
R  G.  Drinnan,  of  Vancouver,  mining  en- 
gineers engaged  by  a  syndicate  including 
Hon.  George  A.  Cox,  Hon.  Robert  Jaffray 
and  Sir  Henry  Pellatt  to  prospect  for 
coal  in  the  west,  report  the  discovery  of 
an  extensive  deposit,  equal  in  quality  to 
that  of  the  Crows  Nest  mines.  It  is  situ- 
ated along  the  main  line  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Pacific  railway,  west  of  Edmonton 
and  north  of  the  Brazeau  collieries,  and 
embraces  several  thousand  acres. 

The  firm  of  Carpenter,  Brennon  & 
Ryan,  mining  engineers,  Mexico  City,  has 
been  dissolved  by  mutual  consent,  the 
partners  desiring  to  devote  more  time  to 
their  individual  iterests.  Alvin  B.  Car- 
penter will  look  after  his  personal  inter- 
ests in  Mexico,  California  and  the  Lake 
Superior  country.  John  C.  Brennon  re- 
tains his  headquarters  in  Mexico  City. 
E.  P.  Ryan  has  become  manager  of  the 
International  Machinery  and  Engineering 
Company,  with  office  in  Mexico  City. 


+     OBI TUARY 


Penrose  H.  Hibbard  died  at  Copperhill, 
Tenn.,  Sept.  12.  He  was  born  at  Colum- 
bus, O.  For  a  number  of  years  he  had 
been  connected  w-ith  the  Tennessee  Cop- 
per  Company. 


^  SOCIETIESWTECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society  of 
America — The  following  have  been  elect- 
ed to  membership  in  the  Mining  and 
Metallurgical  Society  of  America:  Henry 
S.  Drinker,  President  Lehigh  University; 
Walter  Fitch,  Eureka,  Utah;  John  T.  Ful- 
ler, Murfreesboro,  Ark.;  Prof.  L.  D.  Hun- 
toon,  of  Sheffield  Scientific  School;  Sid- 
ney J.  Jennings,  New  York;  Benjamin  B. 
Lawrence,  New  York;  R.  Van  A.  Norris, 
Wilkes-Barre,  Penn.;  J.  A.  Van  Mater, 
New  York. 

California  State  Miners'  Association 
— The  California  Miners'  Associatiorv,  for 
many  years  an  active  factor  in  the  mining 
industry  of  the  State,  did  not  hold  an  an- 
nual convention  this  year,  and  it  has  even 
failed  to  appoint  delegates  to  the  Amer- 
ican Mining  Congress,  at  Los  Angeles.  It 
does  not  appear  that  San  Francisco  will 
be  officially  represented  at  the  congress. 
Lack  of  financial  support,  and  of  interest 
among  the  mining  communities  of  the  in- 
terior, are  the  causes  of  this  inactivity 
of  the  association,  which  did  good  work 
for   mining   interests    for   a    long   period. 


620 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Reports     From    Our    Own     Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      Many      Important 

""        -^      Mining     Centers    of^     the  'World       ^       ^ 


San  Francisco 

Sept.  16 — Now  that  the  Western  Pacific 
railroad  has  been  opened  for  passenger 
as  well  as  freight  traffic,  there  is  renewed 
activity  in  the  mining  sections  of  Butte, 
Plumas  and  Lassen  counties,  east  of  Oro- 
ville  to  the  summit  of  the  Sierra.  Marys- 
ville  and  Oroville  are  now  on  a  transcon- 
tinental line.  Territory  formerly  only 
reached  from  these  places  by 
freight  teams  is  now  open  to  rail  trans- 
portation and  the  population  will  natu- 
rally  increase,   bringing   added   business. 

The  ascent  of  the  Sierra  from  the  west 
is  accomplished  by  virtually  a  1  per  cent, 
grade  for  100  miles  from  Oroville  to  the 
summit.  All  along  the  North  Fork  of 
the  Feather  river  is  the  scene  of  early-day 
placer  mining,  with  occasional  quartz 
camps,  and  all  this  country  is  experienc- 
ing a  revival.  Lack  of  cheap  transporta- 
tion has  kept  the  country  back  and  pre- 
vented e.xtensive  mining  development  and 
the  investment  of  capital.  In  addition 
to  the  counties  named.  Sierra  county  will 
also  be  benefited  materially. 

With  modern  methods  many  mines  long 
closed  can  be  profitably  operated,  and 
some  of  the  old  gravel  deposits  can  be 
reworked.  There  are  known  deposits  of 
gold,  iron  and  copper  that  have  never 
been  worked,  which  can  now  be  utilized. 
The  extensive  deposits  of  copper  ore 
around  Taylorville  and  Genessee,  on 
which  development  has  been  going  on  for 
some  vears,  will  from  now  on  be  a  source 
of  profit.  Thousands  of  tons  of  ore  have 
been  made  ready  for  shipment  by  the  new- 
road.  The  copper  area  is  an  extensive 
one,  but  there  is  only  one  small  smeltery 
in  the  district,  and  most  of  the  miners 
depend  on  shipping  their  ores. 

There  are  along  the  railroad  north  of 
Oroville  a  few  large  quartz  mines  in  op- 
eration, but  there  are  hundreds  being 
worked  on  a  small  scale  by  men  without 
capital.  It  has  heretofore  cost  so  much 
to  equip  properties  in  this  region,  that 
there  has  been  small  encouragement  for 
people  to  make  extensive  mining  invest- 
ments unless  exceptionally  rich  ore  was 
found.  The  finding  of  unusually  rich  ore 
in  so  many  old  mines  in  the  Alleghany 
and  Forest  sections  of  Sierra  county  in 
the  last  two  years,  has  attracted  much 
attention  in  those  northern  counties,  and 
now  that  a  railroad  traverses  them  num- 
bers of  other  old  properties  will  be  re- 
opened. Prospectors  have  gone  into 
these  fields  in  numbers  so  that  doubtless 
many  new  mines  will  be  found  and 
opened.  The  whole  section  is  on  the  eve 
of  prosperous  development. 


Denver 

Sept.  17 — The  local  papers  have  printed 
columns  about  the  discovery  of  carbonate 
of  zinc  ores  in  apparently  worked-out 
mines  at  Leadville,  and  stating  that  in  the 
Hilltop,  on  the  Mosquito  range,  a  year  ago 
the  manager  found  that  "what  looked  like 
country  rock  was  high-grade  carbonate  of 
zinc."  Then  came  a  similar  discovery  in 
the  Robert  E.  Lee;  and  now  S.  D.  Nichol- 
son, manager  of  the  Western  Mining 
Company,  is  reported  to  have  made  an  in- 
vestigation in  the  Maid  and  Henrietta, 
Wolftone  and  oth-.r  properties,  "with  thy 
result  of  revealing  enormous  masses  of 
carbonate  and  silicate  of  zinc,  which  had 
been  heretofore  supposed  to  be  barren 
rock."  It  is  further  stated  that  this  latter 
ore  averages  45  per  cent,  zinc,  can  be 
shipped  direct  to  the  smelteries,  and  that 
the  discoveries  made  as  above  will  make 
a  production  by  the  first  of  the  year  of 
5000  tons  per  month.  It  is  stated  that 
thousands  of  tons  of  this  new  grade  of 
ore  were  found  standing  alongside  the 
worked-out  orebodies  of  the  Maid  of  Erin, 
Adams,  Henrietta,  Wolftone,  Mahala, 
Morning  and  Evening  Stars,  Waterloo  and 
Big  Chief,  and  that  the  average  width  of 
the  ore  is  6  ft.  If  all  this  is  true,  what  an 
interesting  commentary  on  the  mineralog- 
ical  perspicuity  and  technical  ability  of 
the  hundreds  of  mining  engineers,  man- 
agers and  superintendents  who  have  been 
connected  with  or  examined  these  proper- 
ties during  the  past  20  or  30  years.  It 
hardly  seems  possible  that  even  the  or- 
dinary intelligent  working  miner  would 
pass  by  6  ft.  of  high-grade  zinc  ore  as 
country  rock,  not  to  mention  the  mine 
manager,  who  should  always  have  the 
motto,  "Crosscut  and  assay,"  pasted  in 
his  hat,  and  who,  in  this  case,  if  all  said 
bt  true,  must  have  totally  ignored  a  very 
important  part  of  his  work.  Later  re- 
liable reports  tend  to  confirm  this  inter- 
esting discovery. 

At  Cripple  Creek,  26  judgments  have 
been  obtained  against  Teller  county  in 
the  favor  of  a  large  number  of  mining 
companies  for  money  paid  for  taxes. 
These  taxes  were  paid  under  protest,  on 
the  grounds  that  they  were  too  high,  as 
each  company's  property  was  non-pro- 
ducing. The  amount  to  be  refunded  is 
S3666  with  interest  at  10  per  cen*.,  and 
court  costs  in  each  case,  a  total  of  about 
S4500. 

It  is  now  given  out  in  the  local  press 
that  the  Malm  electrochemical  plant  at 
Georgetown,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $200,- 
000,  will  be  ready  to  run  in  60  days. 


Butte 

Sept.  20 — The  recent  visit  of  Attorney 
Genera!  Wickersham  to  Butte  and  Ana- 
conda has  directed  attention  to  the  suit 
which  the  United  States  Government  in- 
stituted against  the  Anaconda  company 
several  months  ago  for  the  purpose  of 
remedying  the  alleged  smoke  evil  of  the 
Washoe  smeltery  at  Anaconda.  The  at- 
torney general  made  a  brief  visit  to  the 
plant  and  the  farm  lands  which  the  smoke 
is  alleged  to  have  damaged,  and  on  the 
trip  was  accompanied  by  attorneys  rep- 
resenting all  parties  interested.  Unless 
the  Government  and  the  Anaconda  com- 
pany can  come  to  some  agreement  for  the 
lessening  of  the  evil  effects  of  the  smoke 
it  is  probable  that  the  litigation  will  be 
long  drawn  out  and  will  eventually  reach 
the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court. 

Members  of  the  miners  union  through- 
out the  State  are  taking  active  part  in  the 
party  conventions  now  being  held,  so  that 
their  interests  before  the  coming  legis- 
lature may  be  represented.  There  have 
been  several  matters  upon  which  the 
unions  have  desired  legislation,  particu- 
larly with  reference  to  the  ventilation  of 
mines  and  the  enacting  of  an  employers' 
liability  act. 

While  the  injunction  recently  issued 
against  the  Butte-Balaklava  company  in 
the  suit  brought  by  the  Anaconda  com- 
pany has  caused  work  to  be  stopped  on  a 
portion  of  the  property,  yet  development 
work  is  progressing  steadily  on  the  other 
veins  and  will  continue  unaffected  by  the 
litigation.  The  court  has  modified  the 
injunction  issued  so  as  to  allow  the 
Butte-Ballaklava  company  to  timber  the 
workings  in  the  disputed  territory  but  has 
refused  for  the  present  to  make  the  in- 
junction reciprocating  so  as  to  enjoin 
the  Anaconda  company  from  mining  on 
the   same  veins.  _ 


Salt  Lake  City 

Sept.  20 — Working  forces  have  been 
increased  at  the  Bingham  mine  of  the' 
United  States  Smelting,  Refining  and. 
Mining  Company,  and  shipments  will  be 
raised  from  260  to  350  tons  daily.  A  part 
of  this  ore  is  treated  by  the  Huff  elec- 
trostatic process  at  the  Midvale  zinc 
plant,  the  daily  capacity  of  which  is  ap- 
proximately 50  tons.  It  is  proposed  to 
increase  this  capacity.  At  present  there 
are  five  furnaces  smelting  lead  ore  at 
Midvale. 

The  aerial  tramway  at  the  Centennial- 
Eureka  mine  is  not  being  used,  as  ore 
is    handled    through    the    Holden    tunnel. 


September  24,  U)IO. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


621 


which  cuts  the  shaft  near  the  500-ft. 
level.  Timber,  coal  and  supplies  arc  sent 
in  through  the  tunnel.  The  new  electrical 
pumping  equipment  on  the  2200  level  has 
been  tried.  Work  on  the  .1700- ft.  water 
column  caused  shipments  to  be  suspend- 
ed for  about  a  week.  The  water  which 
was  being  pumped  was  a  few  degrees 
warmer  than  the  shaft,  causing  the  pipes 
to  expand  and  buckle  between  the  1600- 
and  1800- ft.  levels.  This  has  been  re- 
paired, and  normal  shipments  were  re- 
sumed Sept.  12. 

A  list  of  coal  lands  in  Kane,  Iron  and 
Washington  counties  which  have  been 
surveyed  and  classified  according  to 
value,  has  been  received  at  the  United 
States  land  office.  The  minimum  price 
is  S15  per  acre,  and  the  maximum,  S25. 
On  lands,  more  than  15  miles  from  the 
railroad,  which  may  by  the  construction 
of  a  railroad  be  brought  within  this  dis- 
tance, the  selling  price  will  be  doubled. 

.\  decision  regarding  a  leasing  part- 
nership in  the  Tintic  district,  has  recently 
been  given  by  the  supreme  court,  which 
reverses  the  finding  of  the  lower  court, 
and  orders  a  judgment  for  the  plaintiff. 
R.  Nelson  and  Henry  Matsch  entered 
into  a  partnership  in  .luly,  1905,  to  work 
a  lease  in  the  Bullock-Beck  mine  at  Eur- 
eka. On  account  of  a  rule  of  this  com- 
pany, that  leasing  contracts  must  be  with 
individuals,  the  settlements  were  made 
in  Matsch's  name.  In  September,  1907, 
Nelson  left  to  take  charge  of  other  min- 
ming  operations,  agreeing  to  pay 
Matsch  for  managing  the  partner- 
ship during  his  absence.  When  time 
for  settlement  came,  Matsch  offered 
Nelson  S500  for  his  interest  in 
the  partnership,  and  represented  that 
Nelson's  share  for  September  would  be 
about  S500,  also  agreeing  to  make  good, 
if  the  total  received  by  Nelson  was  less 
than  SIOOO.  The  offer  was  accepted.  It 
developed,  however,  that  Matsch  had 
struck  exceptionally  good  ore,  which  had 
brough*  in  additional  receipts.  Nelson 
brought  suit  for  his  share  in  the  district 
court,  but  lost.  He  appealed  the  case, 
and  received  a  judgment  of  S1290. 

The  standing  cable  of  the  Highland 
Boy  tramway  at  Bingham  broke  at  one 
of  the  tension  stations,  Sept.  13,  and  dis- 
tributed buckets  along  the  line. 

Duluth 
Sept.  17 — There  seems  to  be  a  slightly 
pessimistic   view   here    with   reference   to 
iron-ore    shipments,    a    number   of   oper- 
ators claiming  that  the  output   is  hardly 
up   to   last   year's   shipments.      However, 
Government    figures   and     statements    of 
those   who  are   shipping  ore   rather  than 
trying  to  buy  mineral  lands    indicate  that 
business  is  equally  as  good  as  last  year, 
and  unless  there  should  be  a  sudden  cur- 
'tailment  toward  the  close  of  the  season, 
I  shipments  should   slightly   surpass   those 
of  last   year. 
Work   is  progressing  rapidly    on    the 


$10,000,000  U.  S.  Steel  plant.  One  power 
plant  and  two  other  permanent  buildings 
are  completed.  Foundation  work  for 
other  large  buildings  is  well  under  way. 
About  300  men  are  employed  on  the 
buildings  and  site.  The  plant  is  south- 
west of  Duluth,  seven  miles  from  the 
Union  station. 

The  Northwestern  Fuel  Company  is 
spending  a  large  amount  of  money  in 
improving  its  coal  dock  and  acquiring 
more  storage  space.  When  this  is  com- 
pleted, the  dock  will  have  cost  SI. 500,000 
and  will  be  one  of  the  largest  coal  docks 
in  the  world,  having,  it  is  said,  a  capac- 
ity of   1,000.000  tons. 

No  ore  will  be  shipped  from  the  Cuy- 
una  range  this  year.  It  was  anticipated 
that  shipments  would  be  made  from  the 
Kennedy  mine,  but  traffic  arrangements 
were  such  that  it  was  deemed  best  to 
withhold  shipir.ents.  The  Kennedy  mine 
has  about  40,000  tons  of  ore  in  the  stock 
pile  and  will  continue  work  all  winter. 


Cobalt 

Sept.  19 — Control  in  the  Cobalt  Power 
Company  has  been  purchased  by  David 
Faskin,  president  of  the  Hydraulic  com- 
pany. Although  these  two  companies 
were  formerly  very  closely  identified, 
operations  in  the  future  will  be  carried 
on  practically  under  one  management. 
The  Cobalt  Power  Company  has  a  plant 
with  a  capacity  of  3000  h.p.  and  it  is 
supplying  eight  out  of  the  13  concen- 
tiators  operating  in  the  district. 

Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  August, 
totaled  3099  tons,  arid  consisted  of  35 
cars  of  high-grade  ore  and  63  of  low- 
grade.  This  is  the  highest  tonnage  for 
any  month  of  1910,  and  shows  an  in- 
crease of  800  tons  over  the  corresponding 
period   for   1909. 

The  directors  of  the  Buffalo  mine  have 
dcxided  to  double  the  capacity  of  the 
cyanide  plant,  which  is  now  treating  about 
30  tons  a  day.  Some  slight  changes 
will  be  made  in  the  flow  sheet  of  the 
concentrator  which  will  give  the  addi- 
tional tonnage  to  be  treated  by  cyanide. 
It  is  expected  that  the  operating  costs, 
and  the  consumption  of  cyanide  will  be 
materially  reduced  and  a  better  extrac- 
tion obtained. 

Good  progress  is  being  made  with  the 
construction  of  the  new  wagon  road  be- 
tween Charlton  on  the  Temiskaming  & 
Northern  Ontario  railway  and  Elk  Lake. 
About  100  men  are  at  work  and  the  road 
i:i  being  rapidly  pushed  to  completion,  so 
as  to  be  in  readiness  for  winter  travel. 
In  addition  to  shortening  the  distance  be- 
tween Charlton  and  Elk  Lake  to  20  miles 
the  new  road  by  avoiding  extensive  mus- 
kegs will  afford  a  good  highway  for  ve- 
hicles at  all  seasons,  whereas  the  old  road 
was  impassable  during  the  spring  and 
fall.  It  is  expected  that  it  will  consider- 
ably cheapen  freights  to  and  froin  the 
Gowganda  and  Elk  Lake  districts. 


Toronto 

Sept.  21 — A  report  has  recently  been  is- 
sued by  the  Mines  Branch  of  the  Do- 
r"inion  Government  covering  recent  gold 
and  silver  discoveries  in  Ontario  and 
Quebec.  The  report  states  that  of  the 
samples  taken,  the  great  majority  of  them 
contained  practically  no  ore  of  value. 
Many  of  these  were  taken  in  northern 
Ontario  and  the  conclusion  they  lead  to 
is  entirely  erroneous.  The  sampling  in- 
cluded areas  in  the  townships  of  Bucke, 
James,  Lorrain  and  Larder,  and  although 
these  sections  were  staked  in  the  boom 
days  of  the  camp,  nothing  of  importance 
has  ever  been  found  on  them  and  prac- 
tically no  work  is  now  being  done.  There 
is  a  large  and  promising  field  open  for 
the  efforts  of  the  officers  of  the  Govern- 
ment without  going  into  those  sections 
that  hold  out  practically  no  promises  of 
making  good. 

The  Railway  Commission  has  ordered 
a  sweeping  reduction  of  freight  rates  on 
the  White  Pass  &  Yukon  railway,  giving 
terms  as  favorable  as  the  shippers  could 
hope  for.  The  commission  further  or- 
dered that  the  railway  must  cease  dis- 
criminating against  other  companies  in 
favor  of  the  Atlas  Mining  Company,  own- 
ers of  the  Pueblo.  They  are  required  to 
file  with  the  commission  before  Nov.  1 
the  tariff  showing  the  discriminatory  rate 
heretofore  existing,  and  the  new  tariff 
giving  carload  rates  of  SI. 75  per  ton  on 
ore  and  concentrates  from  Cariboo  to 
Skagway. 

T.  W.  Gibson,  provincial  deputy  min- 
ister of  mines,  who  recently  returned 
fiom  a  visit  of  inspection  to  the  Hastings 
County  district,  Ontario,  states  that  the 
mining  industry  there  has  received  a 
great  impetus  owing  to  new  finds  of  iron 
and  talc  deposits.  A  promising  talc  de- 
posit is  being  operated  at  Madoc  by 
George  Gillespie.  The  talc,  which  is  of 
good  quality  is  being  milled  to  the  amount 
of  700  or  800  tons  per  month.  Some 
shipments  of  fluorspar  have  been  made  to 
Chicago  from  a  recently  found  deposit, 
worked  by  Stephen  Wellington  and  asso- 
ciates. Pittsburg  interests  are  actively 
concerned  in  iron-ore  deposits  anjd  have 
secured  several  options.  The  Nichols 
Chemical  Company  has  sunk  another 
shaft  at  the  pyrites  mine,  and  are  doub- 
ling the  capacity  of  the  sulphuric  acid 
plant  at  Sulphide. 


Mexico  City 

Sept.  16 — The  American  interests  in 
Mexico  have  generally  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  very  elaborate  centenary  cele- 
brations which  have  been  held  in  all 
parts  of  the  Republic  this  month  and 
particularly  in  Mexico  City.  The  .Ameri- 
can colony  has  been  represented  in  the 
official  affairs  at  the  Capitol  and  in  most 
of  the  mining  camps  the  day  of  Dies  y 
Scis  de  Septiembre  has  been  an  event. 


622 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


«l 


Alaska 

The  U.  S.  assay  office  at  Seattle  has 
received  another  S170,000  shipment  of 
gold  from  Alaska,  S160,000  coming  from 
Fairbanks,   and   SIO.OOO   from   Sitka. 

Major  W.  P.  Richardson,  road  com- 
missioner for  Alaska,  states  that  a  road 
will  be  built  to  the  Haiditarod  as  soon  as 
possible,  now  that  the  permanency  of  the 
camp   has   been   established. 

Beaison — According  to  Stephen  Birch, 
president,  this  company  expects  to  in- 
crease the  output  to  4000  tons  monthly. 

Bonanza — This  company  expects  to  be- 
gin shipping  copper  over  the  Copper 
River  &  Northwestern  by  Jan.    1,    1911. 

Yukon  Basin— This  dredging  company 
has  sold  its  claims  near  Dawson. 

Treadwell — The  cyanide  plant  under 
construction  will  be  completed  soon,  after 
which  time  the  concentrates  which  have 
been  treated  at  Tacoma  will  be  handled 
on  Douglas  island. 


Alabama 

Anniston  Iron  Company — The  rebuild- 
ing of  old  Woodstock  furnace  at  Anniston 
has  been  completed  and  it  will  go  into 
blast  Sept.  25.  The  furnace  is  practic- 
ally new  and  has  a  capacity  of  250  tons 
of  iron  daily. 

Arizona 

Gila  County 

Live  Oak — The  attempt  of  the  minority 
stockholders  to  get  control  of  the  com- 
pany failed  when  stockholders  at  a  meet- 
ing in  Bisbee  elected  to  the  directorate 
Henry  Hovland,  H.  A.  Smith  and  S.  A. 
Kauffman,  the  latter  a  large  Chicago 
stockholder.  The  election  of  these  men 
frustrates  a  reported  plan  to  transfer  the 
property  to  the  Lewisohn  interests  who 
control  the  Miami  and  Keystone  adjoin- 
ing. 

Miami — The  subscription  to  the  60,000 
shares  of  new  stock,  recently  offered, 
which  closed  last  week,  was  a  great  suc- 
cess, the  shareholders  taking  58,000,  leav- 
ing only  2000   for  the  underwriters. 

Cactus — C.  W.  Pritchett,  general  man- 
ager and  consulting  engineer  of  the 
Cactus  Copper  Company  and  the  Summit 
Mining  Company,  arrived  in  Globe,  Sept. 
15,  and  will  outline  plans  for  the  develop- 
ment of  both  properties. 

Superior  &  Boston — The  company  has 
resumed  the  sinking  in  the  McGaw  shaft, 
which  is  847  ft.  deep  with  the  bottom  in 
quartzite.    At  812    ft.,   where   the   station 


was  cut  for  the  eighth  level,  the  shaft 
passed  out  of  a  zone  of  shattered  lime- 
stone into  quartzite.  On  the  eighth  level 
a  crosscut  is  being  driven  to  open  the 
Great  Eastern  vein  from  which  much  ore 
has  been  shipped. 

National  Mining  Exploration — It  has 
become  known,  in  connection  with  the 
strike  instituted  by  the  employees  of  the 
company,  Sept.  10,  when  the  pay  checks 
failed  to  arrive,  that  President  N.  L. 
Amster,  of  the  Arizona  Commercial  Cop- 
per Company,  holds  the  National  com- 
pany's note  for  $100,000  due  Sept.  24 
and  secured  by  mortgage  bonds  on  the 
company's  property  which  is  the  con- 
necting link  between  the  two  groups  of 
claims  owned  by  the  Arizona  Commercial 
Copper  Company.  Operations  at  the  Na- 
tional shaft  are  at  a  standstill. 

Arizona-Michigan — On  Monday,  Sept. 
12,  underground  work  was  discontinued, 
except  the  sinking  of  a  winze  on  the  Old 
Dominion  fault  from  the  crosscut  from 
the  Telfair  shaft  southeastward  on  the 
500-ft.  level.  The  local  management  as- 
signs no  reason  for  the  curtailment. 

Old  Dominion — The  company  has  been 
opening  United  Globe  territory  through 
the  Old  Dominion  mine  proper  for  sev- 
eral years,  and  it  has  succeeded  in  open- 
ing a  big  body  of  high-grade  ore.  Elec- 
tricity will  probably  be  installed  under- 
ground. 

Maricopa  County 
Vulture — The   cyanide   mill,   completed 
in   August,   is   running   regularly,  with   a 
capacity  of  100  tons  per  day. 

California 

The  smelting  situation  in  Shasta  county 
appears  to  be  serious,  the  opposition  to 
the  smelting  operations  being  not  so 
much  from  the  farmers  as  from  the  U.  S. 
Forest  Service.  The  Bully  Hill  works 
have  been  permanently  closed,  while  the 
Balaklala  is  closed  pending  development 
of  the  plant  to  employ  the  Cottrell  pro- 
cess. What  success  this  plant  will  have 
remains  to  be  seen.  The  Mammoth  has 
installed  a  baghouse,  which  enables  two 
furnaces  to  keep  in  operation, 'but  it  is 
feared  that  the  company  with  its  present 
installation  may  not  be  able  to  operate 
any  more  furnaces. 

Amador  County 

Bunker  Hill — The  recently  opened  ore- 
body  on  the  1590  level  of  this  mine  at 
Amador  City.  E.  H.  Harrington,  super- 
intendent, is  about  8  ft.  wide,  4  ft.  of 
which  is  estimated  as  $8  ore,  2  ft.  $10, 
and  the  rest  of  higher  grade. 


Alpine — The  new  company  operating 
this  mine  at  Plymouth,  John  L.  Henry, 
president,  has  bought  machinery.  The 
mine  has  been  closed  for  30  years  and 
one  of  the  shafts  is  700  ft.  deep. 

Butte  County 
Banner — This  mine  near  Oroville,  which 
15  or  20  years  ago  was  worked  by  an 
English  company  has  been  purchased  by 
William  Johnson  and  Richard  and  James 
Philips,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  will  be  started 
at  once.  It  is  expected  that  the  lost  vein 
will  be  found. 

Calaveras  County 
Robert  B.  Parks  has  agreed  to  pur- 
chase from  J.  E.  King  for  S85.000,  the 
Hudson,  William  R.  Bulger,  Last  Chance 
and  Magee  quartz  mines,  and  a  three- 
fourths  interest  in  the  Mountain  King 
claim  in  Madame   Felix  district. 

Calaveras  Copper — The  pumping  plant 
of  this  company  at  Copperopolis  has  been 
burned.     Rebuilding  has  begun. 

Lightner — The    sale    of    this    mine    at 

■  Angels  is  announced.     The  reported  price 

is  5250,000.     A  new  shaft  will  be  sun'ic 

and  the  property  operated  on  an  extensive 

scale. 

Eldorado  County 
The  Eureka  slate  quarry  at  Slatington, 
under  bond  to  an  English  company,  will 
probably  be  started  in  October.  The 
quarry  is  equipped  with  machinery,  in- 
cluding an  aerial  tram. 

The  Portland  Cement  Company  has  de- 
cided to  open  and  work  the  limestone  de- 
posit near  Cool  and  is  putting  in  machin- 
ery which  will  cost  $150,000  and  in- 
clude an  aerial  tramway  to  Auburn. 
Inyo  County 
Skidoo — A  shoot  of  milling  ore  putting 
more  than  5000  tons  in  sight  is  being 
developed.  July  report  shows  net  pro- 
fits from  mining  and  milling  operations 
amounting   to   S7798. 

Placer  County 
Davenport — A  St.  Louis  company, 
through  Charles  F.  Haanell,  has  bought 
the  property  of  N.  E.  Davenport  near 
Auburn,  the  5-stamp  mill  being  included, 
for  $50,000, 

Big  Oak — This  mine,  near  Colfax,  idle 
for  many  years  owing  to  litigation,  will 
be  reopened  by  S.  D.  Valentine,  of  San 
Francisco,  J.  L.  Bryson,  of  Towle,  and 
others. 

Lost  Emigrant — This  mine  at  Donner, 
Fiank  Morgan,  superintendent,  recently 
lost  its  hoisting  equipment  by  fire.  A 
tunnel  will  now  be  run  to  open  the  mine. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE 


ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


623 


Sierra  County 

Keystone — This  mine  near  Sierra  City 
has  been  reopened  and  the  stamp  mill 
started. 

Sierra  Buttes — Rich  ore  has  been  un- 
covered in  this  old  mine  and  20  stamps 
vill  be  started  immediately  and  40  more 
as  soon  as  they  can  be  put  in  order. 

Brandy  City — Piping  has  begun  in  this 
property  after  two  years  of  work  by  a 
large  force  on  a  9-mile  flume  and  a  dam 
to  retain  the  debris.  George  F.  Taylor  is 
superintendent,  and  Henry  Spaulding 
foreman. 

Gunn — This  company  is  carrying  on 
Jevclopment  at  the  mine,  seven  miles 
Tom  Gibsonville,  and  machinery  and  sup- 
plies are  being  hauled.  The  vein  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  same  as  that  in  the 
^lumas-Eureka  and  Jamison.  W.  W. 
Dyer,  of  Goldfield,  is  interested. 

Independence — This  mine  has  been 
lumped  out  and  a  3-ft.  vein  of  promis- 
ng  ore  disclosed.  The  shaft  will  be 
unk. 

Alleghany — This  company,  at  Alle- 
hany,  Frank  Frymire,  superintendent,  is 
ontinuing  work  at  Balsam  flat,  and  also 
pening  some  new  quartz  claims  farther 
p  the  ridge. 

Cremorne — An  important  discovery  has 
een  made  in  this  mine  on  Wolf  creek, 
ve  miles  from  Alleghany.  The  vein  is  a 
ide  one,  carrying  high-grade  arsenical 
yrite.  The  mine  is  owned  by  Thomas 
ansome  and  the  Phippen  family  of  For- 
it. 

Sailor  Boy — A.  B.  Call,  superintendent 
the  Reese  Ravine  and  Sebastopol 
aims,  has  secured  a  bond  on  this  ad- 
ining  mine  at  Deadwood. 
Hou'land  Flat—S.  T.  Featherston  and 
irtners,  who  lately  found  rich  gravel  at 
is  place,  are  sinking  an  incline  on  th-j 
rike. 

Bullion — At  this  property  near  Sierra 
ty,  Charles  R.  Thompson,  who  has  it 
ider  bond,   has  struck   such    hard    rock 

the  tunnel  that  he  is  considering  put- 
ig  in  a  compressor  and  power  drills  to 
ake  better  progress. 

Gravel — Bell  &  Dolan  are  opening  a 
avel  mine  on  Rock  creek  a  mile  south 

what  is  known  as  the  City  of  Six. 
Highland — This  producing  property,  at 
na  Mills,  J.   M.  Tethrow,  superintend- 
t,  has  been   sold.     A   mill   will    he   in- 
illed. 

■Tuolumne  County 

\Mazappa — The  mill  at  this  mine  will 
started  at  once  and  operated  by  steam 
'  account  of  short  water. 

Tarantula— A  20-stamp  mill  has  arrived 
1  Chinese  for  this  mine  and  as  soon  as  it 
i  in  place  development  will  be  carried 
<'     Good  ore  has  lately  been  found. 

lumper — At  this  property.  Stent,  sev- 
'il  mine  buildings  are  being  moved  and 


repaired   so   that   operations   may   be   re- 
sumed in  the  mine. 

Sonoma  County 
Culver-Baer — Since  the  installation  of 
the  two-ton  pipe  furnace  at  this  quick- 
silver mine,  much  mercury  has  been  pro- 
duced. Now  the  company  has  purchased 
from  the  old  Bogle  mine  a  24-ton  Scott 
furnace  with  complete  equipment. 

Yuba  County 
Red  Cross— It  is  reported  that  very  rich 
ore  has  again  been  found  in  this  mine  a 
short  distance   north  of  Dobbins.     There 
is  a  2-stamp  mill  on  the  property. 


Colorado 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  County 
In  the  Freeland  district,  John  Owen,  of 
Idaho  Springs  has  taken  a  bond  on  the 
Oneida,  Rustler  and  Ma.ximum  claims  and 
a  lease  on  the  Mendick  mine.  Operations 
will  be  begun. 

Tobin — Work  on  the  tunnel  has  been 
suspended  owing  it  is  said  to  unfavorable 
smelting  rates.    C.  L.  Tingle  is  manager. 

Leadville — Lake  County 
Robert  Emmet — This  mine,  in  Stray 
Horse  gulch,  Frank  Zaitz,  lessee,  is  ship- 
ping 2000  tons  of  zinc-sulphide  ore  each 
month.  The  ore  is  hauled  by  wagon  to 
the  railroad. 

Evelyn,  Excelsior  and  Catalpa — These 
mines,  on  Carbonate  hill,  are  sending  40 
tons  of  iron  ore  daily  to  the  smeltery. 

Garbutt — The  lessees  on  this  Breece 
Hill  mine  are  |hipping  75  tons  of  ore 
daily. 

San  Juan  District 
Ore  which  assays  2.65  oz.  in  gold 
across  a  6-ft.  vein  has  been  found  out- 
cropping in  Niagara  basin  above  Eureka, 
on  the  extension  of  the  parallel  vein  of 
the  O.  K.  group.  Ore  running  0.44  oz. 
gold  and  90  oz.  silver  was  discovered  on 
a  vein  400  ft.  from  this  which  outcrops 
40  ft.  wide  on  the  ridge  between  Niagara 
and  Burns  gulches. 

Frank  Hough — Word  comes  from  this 
Hinsdale  County  mine  that  the  winze  be- 
ing sunk  from  the  400  level  has  entered 
the  orcshoot  at  500  ft.,  and  that  it  is  richer 
than  in  the  levels  above,  yielding  about  80 
oz.  silver,  40  per  cent,  copper,  and  about 
SIO  gold  per  ton.  The  mine  shipped  225 
tons  of  ore  in  August. 

Silver  Ledge — In  this  San  Juan  county 
mine,  a  new  vein  of  solid  ore,  6  ft.  in 
width,  has  been  entered.  The  mill  is 
turning  out  the  usual  quantity  of  lead  and 
zinc  concentrates. 

Kankakee — The  main  working  tunnel  is 
in  600  ft.,  and  a  continuous  vein  of  gold 
telluridcs  has  been  opened  for  200  ft.  in 
length. 

Haglcy — Charles  Gagncr.  manager,  is 
working  17  men.  and  is  putting  up  a  raise 
of  600  ft.  to  connect  with  the  Red  Cloud 


shaft,  which  is  down  400  ft.  This  work 
will  open  up  large  bodies  of  milling  ere. 

Sunnyside — The  management  of  this 
gold  mine  has  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Walter  H.  Bunce,  formerly  manager  of 
the  Hercules  and  prior  to  that,  of  the 
American  Nettie,  at  Ouray. 

Oom  Paul — This  Ouray  County  mine, 
iff  Red  Mountain  Park,  near  Ironton,  has 
been  bonded  and  leased  to  P.  Corbley  and 
Alexander  Gould,  v/ho  have  already 
opened  an  oreshoot,  and  have  shipped  a 
carload  that  is  said  to  be  worth  $80  per 
ton. 

Kansas  City — This  mine  in  Georgia 
gulch  is  shipping  its  lower  grade  ore  to 
make  room  for  the  extraction  of  more  of 
the  high-grade  gray-copper  ore.  The  ore- 
body  is  variable  and  has  reached  a  width 
of  6  ft.  of  solid  gray  copper, 

Georgia  Rose — This  group  east  of  the 
Kansas  City  has  encountered  good  ga- 
lena and  gray-copper  ore  in  the  Early 
Morn  tunnel. 

Hamlet — This  mine  which  suspended 
operation  temporarily  on  account  of  the 
death  of  Managei;  Lloyd,  has  resumed 
and  is  drifting  on  the  discovery  on  the 
sixth  level. 

Teller  County— Cripple  Creek 

El  Paso  Consolidated — The  net  produc- 
tion and  royalties  of  this  company's  les- 
sees for  the  last  three  months  is  as  fol- 
lows: June,  538,233  production,  royalties, 
$10,532;  July,  production,  $33,482,  royal- 
ties, ,S8085;  August,  production,  $26,000, 
royalties  $6400.  The  drill  hole  from  the 
bottom  of  the  El  Paso  shaft  to  connect 
with  the  crosscut  from  the  deep  drainage 
tunnel  has  been  abandoned,  and  a  raise 
i.s  being  put  up  to  connect  the  two  in- 
stead. 

Henry  Adney—A  shipment  of  617  lb.  of 
ore  from  this  Beacon  Hill  mine  netted,  it 
is  said.  $7404,  the  average  yield  being  S12 
per  lb.  It  was  hand-sorted  ore,  and  came 
from  a  knife-blade  seam  at  a  depth  of 
385  feet. 

Uni*''d  Mines — The  August  production 
of  this  company  was  1400  tons  of  1-oz. 
gold  ore. 

Free  Coinage — The  August  production 
of  the  Bull  Hill  properties  of  this  estate 
was  900  tons  of  1-oz.  gold  ore. 

Coriolanus — This  mine,  on  the  saddle 
between  Battle  and  Squaw  mountains, 
idle  for  seven  years,  is  now  leased,  and 
it  is  reported  that  2-oz.  gold  ore  has  al- 
ready been  opened  up. 

Mary  McKinney — This  mine,  leased  to 
the  Western  Investment  Company,  pro- 
duced 663  tons  in  August,  of  an  average 
value  of  $20  per  ton. 

Vindicator  Consolidated — The  August 
output  is  given  at  3000  tons  of  a  gross 
value  of  $193,500.  A  third  compartment 
is  to  be  put  in  the  main  shaft  at  once, 
to  facilitate  the  production,  of  which  it  is 


624 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


stated  very  large  reserves  have  been 
blocked  out.  The  company  has  paid  $2,- 
182,500  in  dividends. 

Cold  Sovereign — The  entire  Gold  Sover- 
eign property,  on  Bull  Hill,  has  been 
leased  for  three  years  to  the  Union  Leas- 
ing Company,  of  Cripple  Creek.  The 
lease  takes  effect  Dec.  19,  1910. 


Idaho 

CoEUR  d'  Alene  District 

The  prospectors  who  lost  all  their  min- 
ing improvements  such  as  buildings,  tools 
powder,  provisions  and  trails,  in  the  re- 
cent forest  fires  in  this  region,  are  prepaf- 
ir.g  to  petition  congress,  acting  through 
Senator  W.  B.  Heyburn,  of  Idaho,  to  per- 
mit them  to  hold  their  property  this  year 
without  doing  the  annual  assessment 
work. 

Gold  Hunter — Eight  feet  of  galena  orj, 
the  richest  ever  encountered  in  the  Mul- 
lan  district,  has  been  struck  at  20  ft.  be- 
low the  main  tunnel  level. 

Surprise — The  company  will  start  the 
shipment  of  lead-silver  ore  and  is  hauling 
high-grade  carbonates  to  the  railroad. 

Callahan — The  leasers  have  shipped 
six  carloads  of  ore  from  this  lead  mine 
on  Sunset  peak,  making  a  total  of  30 
cars. 

Alice — A  year's  lease  has  been  granted 
Joe  Carson  by  the  Alice  company.  The 
Alice  has  shipped  $50,000  worth  of  ore 
since  January. 

Bear  Top — The  raise  between  the  Nos. 
3  and  2  levels  has  broken  through  into 
the  upper  tunnel  and  will  facilitate  slop- 
ing. The  raise  is  467  ft.  long.  The  Bear 
Top  is  a  lead-silver  producer. 

Independent — Rich  gravel  is  being 
taken  from  the  placer  claims  near  the 
Clearwater  river.  Wallace  men  have 
taken  up  all  desirable  ground  in  the 
vicinity. 

Snow  Storm — Manager  Mowry  has  an- 
nounced that  no  dividend  will  be  paid 
by  the  company  for  September. 

Snowshoe — The  directors  who  are 
closely  identified  with  the  Snowstorm 
Mining  Company  have  decided  to  expend 
S25,000  in  running  a  I600-ft.  tunnel  to 
gain   greater  depth   on   the  vein. 


Indiana 

Daviess  County 

Interest  is  manifested  at  the  Martin- 
Suddeth  coal  mine,  a  few  miles  east  of 
Washington,  because  a  52-in.  vein  of 
bituminous  coal  has  been  touched  at  160 
ft.  below  the  present  working  vein  of 
the  mine  which  is  42  ft.  below  the  sur- 
face. The  discovery  is  regarded  as  re- 
markable. 

Greene  County 

As  the  result  of  a  gas  explosion  caused 
by  a  defective  miner's  lamp  in  Vandalia 
mine  No.   10  near  Linton.  Sept.   14,  two 


miners  were  killed  and  five  seriously  in- 
jured. There  were  300  men  working  in 
the  mine,  but  they  had  been  changed  a 
few  hours  previously  to  another  part  of 
the  mine  and  this  prevented  a  disaster. 
The  mine  did  not  catch  fire  and  the  shaft 
was  soon  working.  Experts  in  the  mine- 
rescue  work  under  the  direction  of  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines  immediately  upon 
receipt  of  news  of  the  accident  hurried 
from  the  rescue  station  at  Urbana,  III., 
equipped  for  service. 

Kansas 

The  production  for  August  was  4,940,- 
700  !b.  of  blende  and  457,820  lb.  of  lead 
concentrates,  with  a  total  value  of  S108,- 
232. 

Tiawagh — This  mill  at  Galena,  after 
being  blown  down  three  times,  has  been 
completed  and  will  start  operations  soon. 

S.  H.  &  S.— This  company,  at  Badger, 
is  installing  large  pumps  to  handle  the 
water,  which  is  much  stronger  since  the 
United   Zinc   Company   quit. 

Michigan 

Copper 

Qu/ncv— No.  9  shaft  is  down  800  ft. 
and  the  drift  from  the  500-ft.  level  has 
encountered  rich  bunches  of  copper-bear- 
ing rock. 

Houghton — This  company's  shaft  is 
well  established  in  the  lode.  The  collar 
will  be  concreted,  and  when  this  is  fin- 
ished sinking  will  go  forward  without 
interruption. 

Oneco — No.  9  drill  hole  has  en- 
countered copper  at  1500  ft.  and  No.  10 
hole  at  305  ft.  The  lode  exposed  by  No. 
10  hole  is  well  mineralized  and  is  be- 
lieved to  be  the  same  as  that  encountered 
in  the  drilling  at  the  New  Baltic  company. 

Indiana — No.  9  drill  hole  is  nearing  the 
depth  at  which  it  is  calculated  that  it 
will  reach  the  Indiana  lode,  and  the  char- 
acter of  the  formation  corresponds  with 
that  exposed  in  No.  2  hole  just  above 
the  copper-bearing  portion. 

Algomah — The  drill  at  this  property 
has  passed  through  the  lode  with  the  first 
hole  and  the  core  taken  shows  the  for- 
mation to  be  about  35  ft.,  but  carries 
very  little  copper  and  that  in  the  form  of 
ore.  The  drill  has  been  moved  to  a  point 
west,  where  the  second  hole  will  go  down 
to  cut  the  lode  at  1000  ft.  The  shaft  is 
down  55  ft.  aiid  is  bottomed  in  ore. 

Superior — This  property  is  -opening 
copper  ground  on  both  sides  of  No.  2 
shaft.  During  August  an  average  of 
about  450  tons  of  rock  were  shipped  to 
the  mill  daily  and  yielded  28  lb.  copper 
to  the   ton. 

Isle  /?o>'n/e— Operations  at  "A"  shaft, 
opened  in  search  of  the  Baltic  lode,  are 
confined  to  drilling  for  the  breast  of  the 
south  drift  at  the  700-ft.  level.  At  the 
main  mine  an  improvement  in  the  copper 
contents  of  the  rock  has  been  noted. 


Adventure — The  vertical  shaft  sinking 
to  open  the  series  of  copper-bearing  lodes 
is  down  870  ft.,  and  it  is  calculated  that 
the  first  of  these  lodes  will  be  reached 
at  950  ft.,  or  in  about  a  month. 


Minnesota 

It  is  reported  tha'  the  International 
Harvester  Company,  holding  an  option 
for  a  lease  on  land  in  section  11-46- 
29  Cuyuria  district  and  having  three 
drills  at  work,  has  encountered  a  body  of 
rich  bessemer  ore.  exceeding  in  quality 
anything  yet  found  on  the  Cuyuna,  while 
on  the  Thomas  Feigh  land  in  section  10- 
46-29.  held  under  lease  by  the  C.  M.  Hill 
Lumber  company,  drilling  explorations 
for  more  than  a  year  have  failed  to  dis- 
close the  limits  of  the  ore. 

The  Soo  railway  is  extending  its  lines 
toward  these  ore  deposits.  The  Soo  line  has 
reached  Deerwood.  and  will  be  extended 
from  there  along  the  south  range  to 
Brainerd. 

Roy — The  shaft  about  three  miles  east 
of  Tower,  is  down  100  ft.  A  drift  to  the 
northeast  now  extends  60  ft.  and  is  in  a 
rich  orebody.  Machinery,  including  an 
air  compressor  for  sinking  to  600  ft.  is  on 
the  way. 

Morton — The  circular  concrete  shaft  is 
now  down  to  bedrock,  190  ft.  The  last 
8  ft.  were  built  in  as  an  underpinning,  it 
not  being  possible  to  make  the  shaft  shell 
settle.  This  work  was  done  under  an  air 
pressure  of  42  lb.  per  square   inch. 

Buffalo  &■  Susquehanna — The  Winston- 
Dear  Contracting  Company  has  four 
steam  shovels  at  work  stripping  this  mine 
for  the  Rogers,  Brown  Iron  Company. 
About  20  acres  are  being  stripped,  an  av- 
erage of  147  ft.  R.  A.  Angst,  Hibbing, 
is  superintendent. 

Scranton — This  Pickands-Mather  mine 
will  not  make  any  shipments  this  year. 
The  shaft  was  only  recently  completed, 
and  work  of  opening  levels  is  in  progress. 
It  is  to  be  all  underground  workings,  the 
overburden  being  150  ft.  A  number  of 
new  buildings  are  now  being  planned  and 
construction  will  begin  this  fall.  Robert 
Murray,   Hibbing,  is  superintendent. 

Oliver — The  work  of  moving  the  ma- 
chine-shop equipment  from  the  Sellers 
mine  to  the  new  shops  south  of  Hibbing 
is  now  completed.  The  ground  formerly 
occupied  by  the  offices  and  shops  is  be- 
ing cleared  of  buildings  preparatory  to 
stripping. 


I 


Missouri 

The  total  production  for  August  was 
47,019,490  lb.  of  blende,  3,730,960  lb.  of 
calamine  and  6,905,595  lb.  of  lead  con- 
centrates with  a  total  value  of  $1,162,819. 

/.;■///('  Mary — This  mill  at  the  new  Neck 
City  camp  produced  255,030  lb.  of  blende 
the  first  week  it  ran.  The  new  camp  pro- 
duces on  an  average  of  350  tons  a  week. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


625 


Pole  Star — The  mill  of  this  company, 
at  Zincite,  burned  last  week. 

!Ni-rata — The  No.  4  mine,  as  the  old 
A".c  Maria  mine  is  now  called,  seems 
to  be  making  a  success  of  the  thin  sheet 
ground  encountered  south  of  Webb  City. 
This  is  the  only  mine  in  that  vicinity  that 
has  been  able  to  operate  successfully. 

Swedish-American — This  company, 
operating  the  old  Hyde  Park  mine 
at  Porto  Rico,  is  installing  electric 
pumps.  As  the  majority  of  the  sheet- 
ground  mines  in  that  vicinity  are  not  op- 
erating, the  water  is  getting  pretty  strong. 

Montana 
Butte  District 

Butte  Central—"^.  L.  Creeden,  the  en- 
gineer now  making  a  report  on  the  prop- 
erty, will  have  his  report  completed  soon 
::nd  future  operations  will  then  be  de- 
,  cided.  At  present  30  men  are  employed. 
On  the  500-ft.  level,  300  ft.  east  of  the 
crosscut,  7  ft.  of  clean  shipping  ore  have 
recently  been  cut.  Work  on  the  proposed 
mill  will  not  be  begun  until  the  engineer's 
report  has  been  received. 

Anaconda — At  the  Gagnon  mine  the 
new  four-compartment  perpendicular 
shaft  is  down  900  ft.    Sinking  progresses 

■'0  ft.  per  month.  Considerable  water 
been  encountered.  The  spur  to  the 
Stewart  mine  is  nearly  completed.  .'\t 
the-  Never  Sweat  mine  about  720 
-  are  being  hoisted  daily  from  the 
.1  )0-  to  2200-ft.  levels.  On  the  2400- 
ft.  level  the  orebodies  have  not  been 
reached,  and  on  the  2500-ft.  level  a 
station  has  been  cut.  At  the  Anaconda 
mine  about  400  tons  are  being  hoisted 
daily  from  the  400-  to  800- ft.  levels. 
From  below  the  800-ft.  level,  owing  to  the 
M  fire  in  the  stopes,  no  ore  is  being 
misted  through  the  .Anaconda  shaft. 

Granite  County 

.Joseph  Terry,  who  has  a  lease  on  the 
ailings  of  the  Pyrennes  mine,  has  erected 
1  <mall  cyanide  plant  on  the  ground  and 

1-  worked  over  1200  tons  of  tailings 
unning  about  S6.  A  saving  of  approxi- 
nately  S5.20  per  ton  was  made.  .1.  N. 
Ourb'n  and  Frank  Jackson  are  leasing 
m  the  Southern  Cross  tailings  and  will 
reat  them  in  the  Glenn  m.ill.  On  the 
?ock  mountain  Company  Lone  Star  claim 
1  strike  has  recently  been  made. 

Madison  County 
Metzel  Placer — The  claims  in  Barton 
lulch  are  being  worked  by  E.  C.  Hosmer. 
nho  has  just  made  his  first  cleanup. 
He  is  also  operating  the  Copperville 
;roup  of  quartz  claims,  which  carry  cop- 
ter and  silver. 

Missoula  County 

Iron  Mountain — The  management  states 

I  hat  the  new  mill  will  be  in  operation  by 

'Vov.  15.     On  the   1850- ft.  level  the  ore- 

^ndy  has  been  opened  125  ft.,  and  is  from 

"  to  ,30  ft.  wide. 


Nevada 
The  Western  Steel  Corporation  of  Iron- 
dale,  Wash.,  has  purchased  for  5200,000 
the  iron-ore  deposits  in  Lyon  and  Storey 
counties.  The  sellers  were  James  W. 
Smith  and  Alfred  Merritt,  of  Duluth.  The 
property  was  under  option  to  H.  Harri- 
man  when  he  died.  The  ore  will  be  ship- 
ped to  San  Francisco  by  rail  and  thence 
to  Irondale  by  water. 

Comstock — It  is  authoritatively  reported 
from  San  Francisco  that  the  effort  of  the 
Lewisohn  interests  of  New  York  to  get 
the  majority  of  the  shareholders  in  the 
various  Comstock  companies  to  deposit 
their  stock,  pending  the  framing  of  a  plan 
to  consolidate  all  the  Comstock  mines, 
failed.  Apparently  the  San  Francisco  con- 
tingent would  rather  hold  their  stock  and 
submit  to  frequent  assessments  than  to 
forego  the  opportunity  to  speculate  in 
these   stocks. 

Comstock  Tunnel  Company — The 
trustees  were  reelected  at  the  annual 
meeting.  The  report  stated  that  some  of 
the  important  Comstock  mines  have 
passed  to  the  larger  shareholders  of  this 
company. 

Esmeralda  County 

Combination  Fraction — The  company  is 
still  running  the  Nevada  Goldfield  Reduc- 
tion Company  20-stamp  mill  on  a  good 
grade  of  ore.  A  fair  proportion  of  the 
gold  is  recovered  on  the  plates,  and  the' 
ore  is  then  concentrated  and  the  tailings 
slimed  and  cyanided. 

Goldfield  Annex — A  radical  change  in 
the  formation  of  the  southwest  crosscut 
on  the  in25-ft.  level  is  said  to  indicate  the 
approach  to  the  rich  oreshoot  being 
worked  by  the  Consolidated  company  in 
adjoining    ground. 

Goldfield- Alamo — This  Lucky  Boy 
company  has  opened  2'j  ft.  of  galena 
ore  at  750  ft.,  which  is  said  to  carry  338 
oz.  of  silver  and  60  per  cent.  lead. 

Phoenix — Half  a  ton  of  amalgam  is  on 
hand  at  the  Klinker  mill,  ready  to  be  re- 
torted. 

Lander  County 

Material  for  the  new  100-ton  mill  at 
Kimberly  is  arriving  at  Battle  Mountain. 
The  equipment  includes  20  stamps  and 
will  be  adapted  to  concentration  and  am- 
algamation. 

Nye  County 

Original  Bullfrog — Arrangements  have 
been  made  with  the  Goldfield  Consoli- 
dated to  mill  Original  ore,  with  a  guaran- 
teed extraction  of  95  per  cent.  This  w-ill 
obviate  the  necessity  of  sorting  out  the 
high-grade  as  has  been  done. 

Tonopah — The  most  important  develop- 
ment is  the  intennediate  drift,  following 
the  Mizpah  fault  vein,  just  above  the  300- 
ft.  level.  The  face  shows  5  ft.  of  the 
richest  ore  mined  for  some  time. 


Montana-Tonopah — The  annual  meet- 
ing was  held  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Sept.  13. 
The  report  shows  a  gratifying  condition 
of  the  property.  The  company  has  a  bal- 
ance   of  S200,000   with  no  indebtedness. 

White  Pine  County 
Nevada  Consolidated — Operations  in 
the  Eureka  (Copper  Flat)  and  Liberty 
mines  are  proceeding  without  hitch.  Cui- 
tailment  of  production  went  into  effect  in 
August,  as  planned,  and  the  production  of 
copper  in  concentrates  was  about  a  mil- 
lion pounds  less  than  in  July.  Stripping 
of  the  Liberty  orebody  is  in  progress. 
The  bottom  of  the  steam-shovel  pit  in  the 
Eureka  orebody  is  now  50  ft.  below 
the  level  of  the  Nevada  Northern  railway 
track.  In  taking  out  the  lower  p;irt  of  the 
orebody  the  pit  will  have  a  maximum 
depth  of  about  200  ft.  below  the  railway 
level.  In  the  extraction  of  the  ore  to  that 
depth,  or  more,  there  will  be  no  trouble 
under  the  present  system  of  mining,  either 
in  engineering  respects  or  because  of  the 
circumscription  of  property  lines.  The 
tracks  to  the  bottom  of  the  pit  will,  of 
course,  be  laid  in  a  spiral  as  is  the  con- 
ventional practice  at  Ric  Tinto,  in  the 
Lake  Superior  iron  region  and  elsewhere. 
This  problem  has  been  greatly  simplified 
for  Nevada  Consolidated  since  the  Eu- 
reka and  Liberty  orebodies  have  been 
definitely  proved  to  connect.  In  working 
both  together  it  will  be  possible  to  lay 
out  longer  stretches  of  track  and  conse- 
quently secure  easier  grades. 

Giroux — The  directors  of  this  company 
have  recently  made  a  statement  respect- 
ing operations  at  the  mine,  but  while 
dwelling  upon  the  excellence  of  the  new 
shaft  that  has  been  sunk,  etc.,  complete 
silence  respecting  the  ore  development  of 
the  mine  is  preserved,  although  that  is 
precisely  the  matter  that  the  stockholders 
would  like  to  know  about. 


New  Jersey 

The  Orchard  iron  mine  at  Wharton 
operated  for  two  years  by  the  Whargon 
Steel  Company  has  been  permanently 
abandoned  by  reason  of  the  prohibitive 
cost  with  increasing  depth. 

New  Mexico 
Chino  Copper  Company — This  com- 
pany now  claims  to  have  23,000,000  tons 
of  ore  indicated  by  drilling.  It  is  thought 
that  the  average  grade  is  2.63  per  cent, 
copper.  The  average  thickness  of  the 
ore  so  far  indicated  is  97  ft.  and  the  aver- 
age thickness  of  the  overburden  is  76  ft. 
It  is  considered  that  fully  40  per  cent,  of 
the  ore  may  be  dug  by  steam  shovels.  In 
milling  a  70  per  cent,  extraction  (36  lb. 
per  ton)  is  expected.  The  mill  will  be 
erected  about  10  miles  from  the  mine.  It 
is  designed  in  three  units,  each  of  which 
will  handle  approximately  1000  tons  per 
day.  The  ratio  of  concentration  is  ex- 
pected to  be  about  12.5  :  1.    .At  the  end  of 


626 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


August  the  ore  development  was  esti- 
mated at  25,223,000  tens,  averaging  2.34 
per  cent,  copper. 

Socorro  County 
Mogollon — The  reorganization  has  been 
eftected.  The  first  work  will  be  advanc- 
ing the  east  drift  from  the  crosscut  tunnel 
on  the  Little  Charlie  and  retimbering  the 
shaft  on  the  Cooney  mine. 

North  Carolina 
Piedmont  Tin  Mining  Company — This 
company,  which  has  been  working  for 
some  time  on  a  small  scale  in  Lincoln 
county,  has  let  a  contract  for  a  tin-smelt- 
ing furnace  to  have  a  capacity  of  six  tons 
of  ore   daily. 


Pennwood  Coal  Company — John  C. 
Ogle,  of  Somerset,  Penn.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed receiver  on  application  of  some 
of  the  creditors.  The  company  was  or- 
ganized four  years  ago,  and  bought  the 
holdings  of  several  small  companies  in 
the  Somerset  district. 


Ohio 
Buck  Coal  Company — Work  has  been 
begun  on  a  new  mine  near  Salem,  where 
the  company  holds  2400  acres,  carrying 
the  Pittsburg  No.  8  seam.  The  office  is 
at  Salem;  Dr.  M.  J.  Buck,  of  Pittsburg, 
Penn.,  is  president. 

Oklahoma 

The  production  for  August  was  3,355,- 
320  lb.  of  blende  and  403,410  lb.  of  lead 
concentrates  with  a  total  value  of  S65,891. 

Only  si.\  mines  are  operating  in  the 
Miami  camp,  and  if  the  operators  do  not 
get  together  on  the  water  question  there 
soon  will  be  only  two  or  three  running. 
At  the  present  time  the  water  is  being 
handled  by  two  companies,  and  these  are 
having  a  hard  time  to  cope  with  it  and 
will  either  quit  or  have  to  have  help. 

Golden  Hen — This  mill,  at  Miami,  has 
been  sold  and  will  be  removed  to  the 
Quapaw  camp. 

Oregon 
B.^KER  County 

Quartz  Basin — George  Hemler,  who 
owns  this  group,  is  equipping  and  will 
develop. 

Rainbow — At  a  recent  strike  ore  as- 
saying S25  per  ton  was  encountered.  This 
mine  is  yielding  about  S12,000  per 
month. 

Ben  Harrison — Preparations  are  being 
made  for  the  installation  of  machinery 
at  this  mine,  and  to  start  undergound 
work. 

Pennsylvania 

People's  Coal  Company — The  new  Ox- 
ford breaker,  near  Scranton,  is  complet- 
ed and  will  go  into  operation  about  Oct. 
1.  It  is  equipped  with  shaking  screens, 
on  plans  designed  for  the  company. 

Taylor  Colliery — The  concrete  building 
for  the  new  breaker  is  nearly  completed 
and  the  installation  of  the  machinery  will 
soon  be  begun.  The  breaker  will  have 
a  capacity  of  2500  tons  a  day.  The 
colliery  is  near  Scranton.  and  is  owned 
by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Company. 


Texas 

Wakefield  Iron  and  Coal  Land  Im- 
provement Company — This  company.  cI 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  some  time  ago  ob'.amed 
control  of  a  large  tract  of  iand  in  the 
Llano  district,  about  100  miles  northwest 
of  Austin.  During  the  past  year  the  com- 
pany has  conducted  extensive  exploration 
work  by  means  of  diamond  drills,  and  it 
is  said  that  it  has  proved  an  orefield  of 
such  extent  and  high  grade  as  to  warrant 
the  erection  of  blast  furnaces.  The  com- 
pany has  a  capital  stock  of  $250,000.  The 
plans  for  a  furnace  are  said  to  have  been 
drawn.  There  is  a  good  prospect  of  the 
Llano  iron  ore  field  being  placed  in  direct 
touch  with  the  Thurber  coalfields,  situ- 
ated to  the  north  about  150  miles.  It  is 
also  claimed  that  there  are  extensive  de- 
posits of  good  coking  coal  within  less 
than  100  miles  of  Llano.  Two  or  three 
railroads  are  now  projected  into  the 
Llano  section   from   the   north   and   west. 


Utah 

Beaver  County 
A  company  is  being  formed  to  estab- 
lish a  traction  engine  freighting  line  be- 
tween Milford  and  Beaver  City.  It  is  ex- 
pected to  haul  ore  from  mines  of  the 
Star  district. 

South  Utah  Mines  and  Smelters — The 
first  carload  of  concentrates  from  the  re- 
constructed mill  has  been  received  at  the 
International  smeltery.  Other  shipments 
are  on  the  way. 

Cedar  Talisman — A  cave  containing 
some  ore  has  been  broken  into  on  the 
500  level. 

Juab  County 

Yankee — The  shaft  has  reached  990  ft. 
Waste  will  be  dumped  in  the  cave  en- 
countered a  few  weeks  ago.  This  will 
save  hoisting  from  the  900-ft.  level  for 
seme  time.  A  crosscut  will  be  driven  to 
prospect  underneath  the  cave. 

Iron  Blossom — Ore  is  being  shipped 
from  several  points  on  the  500- ft.  level, 
and  a  good  tonnage  is  being  developed. 
It  is  said  to  have  been  opened  for  1500 
ft  Ore  has  recently  been  opened  on  the 
600  level. 

King  William — Work  was  started  Sept. 
8,  from  the  1 000- ft.  level  of  the  Eagle  & 
Blue  Bell.  Another  drift  will  be  driven 
from  the  500- ft.  level  soon. 

Utah  Consolidated — Some  iron  ore  with 
lead  has  been  found  in  the  new  cave. 

Diamond  Queen — Work  will  soon  be 
started  on  this  group  in  the  .'^outh  end  of 
the  district.  A  tunnel  300  ft.  long,  and 
small  shaft  have  been  driven. 


Gold  Chain — Connections  havf  been 
made  on  the  300-ft.  level  with  tne  Opo- 
hongo,  which  will  be  operated  through 
the  Gold  Chain.  Shipments  this  week 
amounted  to  five  cats.  Development  is 
being  kept  ahcaa  of  production. 

Black  Jack — Work  is  being  done  on  the 
1000- ft.  level,  in  search  of  the  vein 
or,^:ned  some  time  ago  by  the  Opohongo. 

Grand  Central — Some  changes  have 
recently  been  made  in  the  working  force. 
Sixty  miners  have  been  released.  August 
Wetterstrom  has  been  appointed  superin- 
tendent. 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell— less  than  170  ft. 
separate  the  bottom  of  the  new  shaft, 
and  the  raise  from  the  1000- ft.  level. 
Progress  in  the  raise  has  been  slow  on 
account  of  bad  air. 

Sioux  Consolidated — Sixty-seven  cars 
of  ore  were  settled  for  during  August, 
giving  returns  of  $49,393.  Sixteen  cars 
in  September,  brought  $10,004.  Sept.  1, 
there  was  a  balance  of  $84,648  in  the 
treasury,  with  bills  payable  of  $11,422. 

Mammoth — Work  is  being  done  on  the 
1000-ft.  level  and  below.  Pending  repairs 
to  the  hoisting  equipment,  ore  is  being 
hoisted  by  a  donkey  engine  from  the 
1000-ft.  level.  On  this  level  drifting  is 
being  continued  into  the  Don  Pedro  claim 
in  which  the  Mammoth  is  a  half-owner, 
and  in  which  the  Gold  Chain  opened  a 
body  of  good  ore  on  the  upper  levels. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Utah  Metal — A  visit  of  inspection  to 
the  tunnel  and  property  is  now  being 
made  by  eastern  directors.  E.  P.  Jen- 
nings has  recently  been  engaged  as  con- 
sulting engineer.  It  is  planned  to  begin 
work  on  two  orebodies  already  opened  on 
the  Bingham  side.  Leasers  have  been 
mining  lead  ore  on  this  side  during  the 
last  month. 

Bingham  Copper — Mineralized  country 
rock  carrying  lead  has  been  encountered 
in  the  tunnel. 

North  Bingham — Sinking  of  the  shaft 
has  been  suspended. 

Wasatch- Utah — New  stamps  have  been 
installed.  There  are  now  five  1050-lb. 
stamps  in  operation,  one  Wilfley  table,  and 
one  Isbell  vanner.  The  mill  is  worked 
two  shifts  daily  on  gold  ore,  which  is 
said  to  run  from  $20  to  S50  per  ton.  The  ■ 
property  is  near  the  mouth  of  Big  Cot-  , 
tcnwood. 

Baby  McKee — Active  development  will 
be  commenced  on  this  property.  Much 
ore  is  said  to  be  blocked. 

Columbus  Extension — The  first  ship- 
ment of  two  cars  of  ore  is  on  the  market. 

Alta-Oxford  —  This  new  corporation 
formed  by  Sandy  interests  has  let  a  con- 
tract for  driving  its  tunnel.  It  is  intended 
to  work  through  the  winter. 

Utah  Copper  Company — The  Copper- 
ton    mill    has    been    abandoned    and   dis- 


September  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


627 


mantled.  Eight  of  the  12,  sections  of 
the  Magna  mill  have  been  remodeled,  and 
the  other  four  will  be  completed  before 
the  end  of  October,  giving  the  remodeled 
mill  a  capacity  of  12,000  tons  of  ore  per 
day.  The  Arthur  mill  will  be  similarly 
remodeled.  The  construction  of  the  Bing- 
ham &  Garfield  Kaihvay  is  rapidly  pro- 
ceeding. 

Summit  County 

Little  Belt — Good  progress  is  being 
;iade  in  building  the  new  mill,  and  in- 
stalling the  equipment. 

Ontario  —  Leasers  have  lately  en- 
;ountered  high-grade  ore,  and  have 
ioubled  their  working  force.  Develop- 
nent  will  be  done  on  a  larger  scale. 

Daly-West — One  hundred  men  were 
aid  off  Sept.  10.  Much  development  in 
earch  of  new  orebodies  is  being  done  on 
he  lower  levels. 


Virginia 
The  Southern  Manganese  Mining  Com- 
any  has  been  organized  to  mine  at  Har- 
isonburg.  At  the  Toncray  copper  mine, 
t  Floyd,  the  vein  has  been  cut  in  the 
25- ft.  level.     Work  will  be  continued. 

Washington 

Okanogan  County 
Q.  S. — The  lower  crosscut  is  in  350  ft. 
,.  M.  Dewey  is  president. 

Spokane  County 
Tungsten    King — Rich    ore    has    been 
)und  on   this  property   at  400   ft.     The 
roduct  from  this  plant  is  running  from 
J  to  70  per  cent,  tungstic  acid. 

Canada 

Ontario 
Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ided  Sept.  12  were  as  follows:  Buffalo, 
2,140  lb.;  Colonial,  44,580;  Crown  Re- 
:rve,  141,4.50;  Margraves,  (iO,000;  Mc- 
inley-Darragh.  242,390;  Nipissing, 
>2,180;  O'Brien,  66,270;  Standard,  46,- 
10;  Temiskaming,  60,000;  Trethewey, 
.050;  total,  957,910  pounds. 
A  private  company  has  proposed  to 
lild  a  customs  concentrating  plant  at 
Ik  Lake. 

Big  Six — This  Elk  Lake  property  has 
■en  leased  on  a  royalty  for  five  years. 
.  R.  Mowery  will  start  underground 
ork  is  a  short  time. 
Sih'er  Cliff — A  shaft  is  being  sunk 
om  which  the  ground  under  Cross  lake 
ill  be  prospected.  The  King  Edward, 
e  adjoining  property  is  also  sinking. 
Crown  Reserve — This  Cobalt  company 
ill  discontinue  the  shipment  of  low- 
ade  ore  after  Oct.  1.  The  plant  in  the 
ckhouse  is  being  enlarged  and  the  low- 
ade  ore  will  all  be  concentrated. 

I  Margraves — The  Kerr  Lake  vein  has 
jis  been  picked  up  at  the  300-ft.  level 
id  shows  6  in.  of  rich  ore. 


Townsite — A  decided  improvement  has 
lately  taken  place  on  this  property.  An 
extension  of  the  main  vein  has  been 
found  on  the  150-ft.  level  and  four  new 
surface  veins,  carrying  high-grade  ore 
have  also  been  discovered.  The  manage- 
ment expects  to  ship  regularly. 

Coniagas — Since  the  addition  to  the  mill 
started,  175  tons  per  day  is  being  treated. 
This  is  the  highest  tonnage  for  any  mill 
in  the  camp. 

Temiskaming — Report  for  August 
shows  that  251,963  oz.  of  silver  were 
produced  at  a  cost  of  22,014. 

Hudson  Bay — All  the  concrete  work 
for  the  new  mill  has  been  completed,  and 
the  frame  is  being  erected.  The  mill  is 
expected  to  be  running  by   1911. 

Kerr  Lake — The  production  for  August 
amounted  to  200,000  oz.,  130,000  oz.  of 
which  came  from  No.  7  vein.  The  rate 
of  production  could  be  readily  increased 
if  necessary. 

Swastika — A  five-stamp  mill  and  a 
small  cyanide  plant  will  be  installed  at 
the  Porcupine  mine. 

Gates — A  shipment  of  20  tons  of  high- 
grade  has  been  sent  out  by  the  Montreal 
river  from  this  Gowganda  mine. 
Recent  developments  on  the  140- 
ft.  level  have  shown  a  large  body  of  ore, 
and  the  property  promises  to  become  a 
steady    producer. 

Mexico 

Chihuahua 

Buen  Pastor— A  strike  of  I80-oz.  silver 
ore  is  reported  at  depth  of  275  ft.  in  this 
property  adjoining  the  Promontorio  mine 
in  the  Cusihuiriachic  camp.  There  is  said 
to  be  a  large  tonnage  available. 

Santa  Eduwigcs — An  important  ore  dis- 
covery is  reported  at  this  Parral  mine 
owned  by  the  Parral-Chihuahua  Mines 
Company. 

Tres  Hermanos — As  the  result  of  a  40- 
day  mill  run  a  bar  of  gold  bullion  valued 
at  ."^n.OOO  was  shipped  to  Chihuahua  and 
similarly  good  runs  are  in  prospect  from 
the  high-grade  ore  recently  encountered. 

Syncline — This  Santa  Eulalia  company 
has  sunk  its  shaft  over  100  ft.  and  the 
results  are  given  as  encouraging.  This 
company  is  financed  mainly  by  local  par- 
ties. 

HlOALGO 

Santa  Gertrudis — W.  J.  Cox,  advisory 
engineer,  reports  operations  have  been 
greatly  retarded  for  want  of  power,  but 
that  an  ample  supply  for  both  mining  and 
milling  requirements  will  shortly  be  avail- 
able. The  developments  on  the  17th  level, 
and  also  above  that  level  are  of  a  most 
satisfactory  character.  A  winze  has  been 
sunk  to  the  I8th  level  and  this  level  will 
be  opened  as  rapidly  as  possible.  The 
Guadalupe  mill  is  now  running,  the  ca- 
pacity of  which  is  about  7000  tons  per 
month.     The  new  mill  of  600  tons  daily 


capacity  is  now  in  course  of  construction, 
and  should  be  completed  by  March,  1911. 

SONORA 

Mexican  Metals  Company — The  Arizpe 
Mines  Company  at  a  meeting  has 
voted  to  consolidate  with  this  company. 
The  Arizpe  company  has  7000  acres  in 
the  Cananea  district.  The  Mexican 
Metals  Company  has  property  inthesame 
district  and  also  a  smeltery.  The  en- 
gineering staff  of  the  Mexican  Metals 
Company  includes  W.  Spencer  Hutch- 
ison, of  Boston,  Angus  R.  Mackay,  of 
Montreal,  Canada,  and  Charles  T.  Tryon, 
of  New  York. 


Afrca 

Rhodesia 

It  has  been  decided  to  make  a  full 
geological  survey  of  Southern  Rhodesia, 
and  the  work  will  soon  be  begun,  under 
charge  of  H.  B.  Maule,  who  was  form- 
erly in  British  East  Africa,  but  has  been 
recently  attached  to  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey of  Great  Britain.  It  is  uncertain 
whether  the  survey  will  be  commenced 
in  Matabeleland  or  Mashonaland,  and 
this  point  will  be  decided  when  Mr. 
Maule  shortly  meets  Sir  William  Milton, 
the  administrator  of  Southern   Rhodesia. 


Asia 


India — Deccan 
Hutti  Nizam — The  production  of  this 
mine,  the  only  one  operating  in  the  Dec- 
can,  was  1405  oz.  gold  in  August  and 
10,077  oz.  for  the  eight  months  ended 
Aug.  31 ;  a  decrease  of  3230  oz.  from  last 
year. 

India — Mysore 
Kolar  Goldfield — Gold  production  in 
August  is  reported  at  45,529  oz.,  being  72 
oz.  less  than  in  July.  For  the  eight 
months  ended  Aug.  31  the  total  was  354,- 
556  oz.  bullion  in  1909.  and  363,321  oz. 
in  1910;  an  increase  of  8765  oz.  The 
bullion  reported  this  year  was  equal  to 
$6,758,863  or  326,989  oz.  Rne  gold. 

Australia 

New   South   Wales 
Gold  production  in  August  was  25,420 
oz.;   for  the  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31 
it  was  152,,321  oz.,  or  $3,148,475  in  value. 

Queensland 
Gold  production  in  August  is  reported 
at  30,400  oz.;  making  a  total  of  279,234 
oz.,  or  .'^5,77 1 ,767,   for  the  eight  months 
ended  in  August. 

Western  Australia 
The  gold  report  for  August  shows:  Ex- 
ported, 17,969;  mint  returns,  98,432; 
total,  116,401  oz.  For  the  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31  the  total  was 
1,051,787  oz.  in  1909,  and  969,773  oz.,  or 
$20,045,208,  in  1910;  a  decrease  of  82,014 
oz.  this  vear. 


628 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  24,  ItHO. 


Coal  Trade  Review 

New  York,  Sept.  21 — Coal  trade  in  the 
East  is  in  better  condition  than  for  some 
time  past.  A  fair  business  is  being  done, 
and  prices  are  improving.  Car  supply 
and  transportation  are  good. 

In  the  West  the  signing  and  closing  of 
contracts  in  the  districts  recently  on 
strike  has  been  completed,  and  mines  are 
going  to  work.  The  Illinois  mines  resume 
slowly,  as  many  of  them  are  not  in  good 
condition  and  it  will  take  some  time  to 
put  them  in  shape  for  full  production. 

Outside  of  those  districts  business  is 
generally  good,  production  being  active, 
while  prices  have  generally  advanced. 
Some  complaints  are  heard  of  short  sup- 
ply of  cars  and  slow  transportation. 

Car  Distribution  to  Mines — It  is  stated 
that  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  is  preparing 
to  adopt  a  new  system  in  distributing 
coal  cars  to  mines  on  its  line.  Hereto- 
fore the  company  has  been  calling  a  car 
a  car,  no  matter  how  much  difference 
there  was  in  the  capacity.  Under  the 
new  method  a  30-ton  car  will  be  the 
unit.  A  wooden  car  will  be  classed  as  a 
car  and  a  steel  car  will  be  classed  as  i 
car  and  one-half.  The  new  system  will 
go  into  operation  in  October. 

Coal  Tr.affic  Notes 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  originating  on 
all  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Company  east  of  Pittsburg  and  Erie, 
eight  months  ended  Aug.  31,  short  Ions: 

11109.            1910.  Changes, 

Anthracite 7,113.191  '.aw.oia  I.     121,872. 

Bituminous 24,V+(i,(J!i:i  2li.79:i.TS9  1.2.047.736 

Colse 7,1117.377  9.21111.114S  1.2,212.671 

Total 38,876,1)21    43,2»8,90U      1.4,412,279 

The  total  increase  this  year  to  date  was 
1 1.3  per  cent. 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  of  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  railway  in  July,  the  first  month 
of  the  fiscal  year,  in  short  tons: 

Coal.  Coko.  Total. 

New  Elver 'i7.).029  26,302  701 ,331 

Kanawha Gil. 473  4,030  Gl.i,509 

Kentucky   .V.I.2.^7              59.257 

Connecting  lines 0,474  3,029  9,503 

Total 1.352.2.33         33.307     1.385,600 

Total,  1909 1,109.441;  34.813     1.144.2.')9 

Total  increase  this  year,  241,341  tons, 
or  21.1  per  cent.  Deliveries  this  year  to 
points  west  of  mines,  875,753  tons  coal 
and  17,815  coke;  points  east,  105,016 
tons  coal  and  11,331  coke;  tidewater, 
370,579  tons  coal  and  4221  coke.  An- 
thracite to  line  points,  885  tons. 

Coal  production  in  West  Virginia  for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1910,  is 
reported  at  52,895,935  long  tons— or  59,- 


243,447  short  tons — showing  an  increase 
of  11,287,219  long  tons,  or  27.1  per  cent., 
over  the  previous  year. 

Coal  production  of  Iowa  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1910,  is  reported  at 
7,222,480  short  tons,  a  decrease  of  123,- 
773  tons,  or  1.7  per  cent.,  from  the  pre- 
vious year. 

Coastwise  shipments  of  coal  from 
leading  Atlantic  seaports,  seven  months 
ended  July  31,  long  tons: 

Anthracite.  Bitiim.  Total.    PerCt. 

New  Yorli.. . .     8,491,625  G,4.i4.729  14.94i;,2.54      00.8 

Philadelphia     1.184.691  2.083,512  3,868,203      15.7 

Baltimore,...        145,298  2,062,039  2,207,337        9.0 

Newp't  News      l,r,91.431  1,691,431         6.8 

Norfolk 1,902,960  1,902.960        7.7 


Total 9,821,514    14.794,671    24,616,185    100.0 

Total.  1909.     9.910.088     13.547..521     23.457.609     

Total  increase  this  year,  1,158,576  tons, 
or  4.9  per  cent.  New  York  includes  all 
the  New  York  harbor  shipping  ports. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Sept.  21 — Demand  is  steady,  perhaps 
a  little  over  the  usual  run  for  steam  sizes. 
Some  rain  has  relieved  the  water  situa- 
tion at  the  collieries.  August  production 
showed  a  good  increase  over  July. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  broken  and  $5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
S2.95'<(3.25;  buckwheat,  S2.15r,7  2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  ,S1.65C'(2;  bar- 
ley, S\.35f(i  1.50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 

BiTU.MINOUS 

The  trade  continues  to  improve,  and 
sales  are  larger  all  around.  Gas  coals 
are  being  taken  freely  and  besides  the 
tidewater  trade  there  is  a  considerable 
movement  to  the  West.  Low-volatile 
steam  coals  are  also  selling  pretty  well. 
Quotations  are  unchanged,  gas  coal  sell- 
ing at  prices  which  realize  Sl''"1.05  at 
mines  for  run-of-mine  and  65r((7Qc.  for 
slack.  Good  steam  coals  bring  .'^2.50i'((  3, 
according  to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Transportation  is  good,  coal  coming 
through  to  tide  on  about  schedule  time. 
Car  supply  is  better.  The  water  trouble 
at  the  mines  has  generally  been  settled 
by  the  coming  of  rain. 

In  the  coastwise  market  there  is  no 
change.  For  large  vessels  from  Phila- 
delphia quotations  are:  Boston,  Salem 
and  Portland,  55c.;  Portsmouth,  60c,; 
Lynn,  Newburyport  and  Bath,  65c.;  Ban- 
gor, 75c. ;  Gardner,  85c.  From  New  York 
harbor  small  boats  get  50ri/55c.  to  Boston 
and  Portland,  30r„40c.  to  Providence  and 
the  Sound. 


Birmingham 

Sept.  19 — The  activity  in  the  coal-min- 
ing section  of  Alabama  will  keep  up  all 
through. the  winter.  There  are  enough 
orders  in  hand  and  in  sight  to  warrant 
this  statement.  Car  shortage  is  reported 
in  some  sections  of  the  district.  There 
is  a  good  home  consumption  of  coal  but 
the  shipments  are  extraordinarily  heavy. 
Coal  prices  have  advanced  more  than 
25c.  a  ton  during  the  month. 

Much  progress  has  been  made  on  mine 
No.  13,  the  new  shaft  of  the  Tennessee 
company  near  Ensley.  The  coke  demand 
is  also  strong  and  there  is  a  steady  oper- 
ation at  all  coke  ovens  which  are  in  con- 
dition. 


Chicago 

Sept.  20 — Following  the  settlement  of 
the  labor  troubles  in  Illinois  and  the  re- 
sumption of  work  at  most  of  the  mines  of 
the  State,  there  has  been  a  good  deal  of 
selling  of  coal  on  future  deliveries  from 
these  mines.  Prices  have  fallen  and 
risen  again,  with  a  realization  of  the  dif- 
ficulties in  the  way  of  getting  coal  to 
market,  in  large  quantities  soon  from  the 
Illinois  mines,  and  with  the  discovery  that 
the  production  of  the  Indiana  mines  has 
fallen  off  since  many  of  the  men  em- 
ployed in  them  have  returned  to  their 
regular  work  in  Illinois.  The  feeling 
among  consumers  now  seems  to  be  gen- 
erally one  of  security  and  there  is  no 
eager  pressing  for  deliveries,  since  it  is 
believed  that  the  normal  output  from  the 
Illinois  mines,  when  it  comes,  will  re- 
duce prices.  The  sale  of  Eastern  coals 
is  falling  off.  Railroad  delays  are  fore- 
seen by  some  in  the  coal  trade  but  in 
general  the  market  rests  easy  under  the 
prospect  of  a  resumption  shortly  of  nor- 
mal conditions. 

Lump  and  egg  from  Illinois  and  Indiana 
mines  are  selling,  in  carlots,  for  S2.65^ 
3.25;  run-of-mine  for  S2.20rr(2.40  and 
screenings — in  somewhat  less  demand — 
for  S2.20r„2.40.  Smokeless,  which  should, 
be  sent  cautiously  to  this  market  for  the 
ne.xt  week  or  two,  brings  S3,95  for  lump 
and  .S3. 30  for  run-of-mine,  and  Hocking  i 
remains  steady  and  in  good  demand  at 
.^3.25  for  1'4-in.  lump.  Anthracite  is 
m.oving  slowly, 

Cleveland 

Sept.  19 — Local  demand  for  coal  is 
good,  but  supplies  are  uneven  and  short 
car  supply  is  making  trouble.  Operators 
in  the  Lake  trade  are  surprised  at  the 
large  increase  in  coal  shipped  to  the 
Northwest,  shown  by  the  Septembet 
statement. 


September  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


629 


Middle  district  coal  bringsS2.15forl '4- 
n.,  SI. 90  for  't-in.,  Sl.SOfor  run-of-mine. 
•l.r'rtfii  1.70  for  slack,  all  f.o.b.  Cleveland. 
^0.  8  and  Cambridge  districts,  5  to  10c. 
ligher.  Pocahontas  quotations  have  been 
vithdrawn,  owing  to  difficulties  in  making 
lelivery,  caused  by  lack  of  cars. 

I  Indianapolis 

■  Sept.  19 — Although  the  prospects  of  a 
.  eduction  in  prices  of  coal  at  the  mines 
eemed  natural  on  account  of  the  settle- 
lent  between  miners  and  operators  in 
ompeting  fields,  it  is  evident  from  the 
ecord  of  last  week's  operation  that  the 
esumption  of  mining  in  Illinois  has  had 
0  depressing  effect  on  either  the  prices 
r  output  at  the  Indiana  mines.  There 
as  been  no  check  to  the  high  tide  of 
rosperity  in  the  Indiana  coal  industry. 
he  Indiana  operators  are  somewhat  con- 
erned  about  the  low  stage  of  water  in 
lie  Ohio  river  which  affects  transporta- 
on  to  the  Southern  cities  where  Indiana 
sal  has  found  a  valuable  market.  The 
rice  of  both  steam  and  domestic  coal  is 
Ic.  a  ton  higher  than  a  year  ago.  It  is 
redicted  that  this  difference  will  be  in- 
•eased  as  winter  approaches,  since  the 
Derators  insist  that  there  is  a  short  sup- 
ly  everywhere. 

Saturday  was  semi-monthly  pay  day  at 
le  mines  and  the  pay  roll  was  very 
;avv.  The  average  pay  a  man  received 
as  S75,  and  for  several  months  an  aver- 
se miner  has  been  earning  upward  of 
i25  a  month.  Several  thousand  Illinois 
iners  have  been  in  the  field  at  work  but 
e  majority  have  returned  to   Illinois. 


Pittsburg 

Sept.  20 — The  local  coal  market  is 
tactically  unchanged.  Lake  shipments 
.'ing  heavy  and  local  demand  moderate. 
wo  important  interests  in  the  Greens- 
trg-Latrobe  field  have  replied  to  the  re- 
lest  for  an  arbitration  that  the  strike 
practically  over  and  would  never  have 
nounted  to  anything  but  for  the  work  of 
■ofessional  agitators.  We  continue  to 
lote  Pittsburg  coal  at  mines  at  S1.20''c( 
22' J  for  mine-run  and  nut.  S1.30rf( 
32i':'  for  '.i-in.,  S1.45'-«(  1.47' ..  for  do- 
estic  1'4-in.  lump  and  75i(82':.c.  for 
ack. 

ConnellsviUc  Coke — The  market  has 
:en  almost  bare  of  transactions,  but 
lipments  keep  up  satisfactorily  on  old 
'Htracts  and  prices  as  far  as  developed 
e  steady,  being  for  standard  grades: 
rompt  furnace,  SI. 601/ 1.65;  contract 
rnace,  Sl.VSr.i  1.85;  prompt  foundry, 
M0'</2.25;  contract  foundry,  S2.25'</ 
;it  ovens. 

ic  Courier  reports  the  production  in 

<;onnellsville    and     lower     Connells- 

ue  region  in  the  week  ending  Sept.   10 

341,734  tons,  a  decrease  of  1000  tons, 

"d  shipments  at  .3766  cars  to  Pittsburg. 

'57  cars  to  points   west   and   883  cars 

points  east,  a  total  of  10,206  cars. 


St.   Louis 

Sept.  19 — This  week  the  first  Carter- 
ville  which  was  mined  since  the  strike 
came  in,  most  of  it  being  mine-run;  it 
was  disposed  of  ?t  about  31.60  per  ton 
f.o.b.  mines.  Operators  preferred  to  load 
mine-run  for  the  first  10  days  while 
cleaning  up  their  mines.  The  little  lump 
which  came  in  was  disposed  of  at  52  per 
ton,  mines.  The  most  peculiar  part  of 
the  situation  was  that  since  operations 
had  been  resumed  at  Carterville  the  price 
of  coal  has  advanced  and  the  market  is 
much  stiffer  than  it  was  just  preceding 
the  resumption  of  operations. 

The  majority  of  this  tonnage  is  being 
shipped  to  the  Northwest.  St.  Louis 
dealers  and  industries  do  not  care  to  pay 
this  price  for  coal.  This  consequently 
leaves  the  fifth  and  ninth  districts  in 
possession  of  the  St.  Louis  market  and 
as  a  consequence  the  price  of  Standard 
coal  has  remained  firm. 

The  weather  has  been  unusually  cool 
for  this  time  of  year.  It  has  made  the 
dealers  think  seriously  of  the  fall  trade 
and  consequently  the  demand  for  domes- 
tic sizes  is  strong.  A  number  of  dealers 
will  probably  be  caught  as  quite  a  few- 
have  gone  ahead  taking  orders  at  cheap 
prices,  expecting  the  market  to  drop. 

The  railroads  continue  to  be  the  heav- 
iest buyers  of  coal.  All  conditions  point 
to  a  steadily  advancing  market  on  all 
sizes   with   the   exception    of  screenings. 

Following  are  current  prices  in  the  St. 
Louis   market: 

St. 
Illinoi.^,  .Standard:  Mine.    Louis. 

0-in.  lump  and  egg S2.00     S2.52 

2-in.  liMup 1.80       2.37 

.Minc-nui 1.60       2.12 

.ScreeninK.s 1.20       1.72 

Trenton; 

G-iu.  lump  and  egg 2.50       3.02 

3-in.  nut 2.00       2.52 

.Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 2.00  2.,i2 

2-in    imt 1.60  2.12 

.\lim-nui 1.65  2.17 

.SiiVfning.^ 1 .50  2.02 

OQrler\'ine: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 2  00  2,67 

:i-in.  mU 2.00  2.07 

.Minc-nm 160  2  07 

.StTi'eninK.s 1 . 2.">  1    02 

Pocahontas  and  New  Itiver: 

Lump  or  egg 1.90        1.10 

.Mine-nui 1.55       4.00 

Penns.vlvania  Anthracite: 

Nut .  .stove  or  egg 6.0.') 

Grate 6.70 

.\rkansas  Anthrarite: 

Egg  or  Grate 2.3.5       5.35 

Coke: 

ConnellsviUc  foundry 


tias  lions 
■SniitliinE 


.■)  10 
4.90 
'1.13 


East  St.  Louis,  111.,  prices  are  20c.  per 
ton  less  than  St.  Louis  prices  on  soft  coal. 

Anthracite — The  market  continues  ac- 
tive and  the  tonnage  will  probably  be 
heavier  than  usual  this  year,  owing  partly 
to  the  natural  increase  and  partly  to  the 
fact  that  a  number  who  have  been  sell- 
ing Arkansas  pnthracite  and  high-grade 
soft  coal  will  probably  return  to  anthra- 
cite. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE  iH| 


British  Coal  Trade— Exports  of  fuel 
from  Great  Britain,  with  coal  sent  abroad 
lor  use  of  steamships  in  foreign  trade, 
eight  months  ended   Aug.  31,  long  tons: 


I'.iii'.i.  1010. 

Coal 41.1"3,73i    40,813,771 

Coko 7*21,0i)4 

BrlquelB il9'.1..513 


Changes 

D.     :«9,'.i()3 

r)70.yi;'j   d.    ir>u,l2r> 

1,037,742      I.       38,'227 


Total  exports...  4i,894,.'M3    42.422.482    D.     471.861 
Steamer  coal 12,930.l).55    12,739,019    D.     191,030 

Total 55,824,998    65.102,191     D,     002.897 

Imports  are  very  small,  only  2419  tons 
in  1909,  and  22,791  tons  this  year. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
BIyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  Sept.  10:  Best  Welsh  steam,  S3.90; 
seconds,  ,S3.78;  thirds,  S3. 60;  dry  coals, 
S3. 60;  best  Monmouthshire,  S3.54;  sec- 
onds, S3.42;  best  steam  smalls,  $2.04; 
seconds,  SI. 80.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  ia  30  days, 
less  2'  J  per  cent,  discount. 


iljl  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW  S 


New  York,  Sept.  21 — More  new  busi- 
ness has  developed  in  iron  and  steel,  but 
the  orders  coming  in  are  mainly  for  short 
deliveries,  none  remaining  beyond  the 
fourth  quarter.  There  are  inquiries 
for  next  year,  but  neither  buyers  nor 
sellers  seem  ready  to  make  any 
heavy  commitments  running  beyond 
December.  The  condition  of  the 
stock  market,  the  railroad  rate  agi- 
tation and  political  considerations  all 
help  to  hold  back  buyers  for  the  future; 
while  sellers  claim  that  they  are  un- 
willing to  make  long  contracts  on  present 
prices.  Each  party  naturally  exaggerates 
its  side  of  the  question;  but  the  fact  re- 
mains that  trade  is  generally  on  a  short- 
time  basis.  At  the  same  time  users  of 
steel  and  iron  are  cairying  small  stocks 
almost  universally,  and  are  consequently 
frequent  buyers,  fhough  on  a  moderate 
scale. 

Estimates  are  not  always  reliable,  but 
soire  things  can  be  seen.  The  Steel  Cor- 
poration is  running  about  two-thirds  of 
its  blast  furnaces.  The  steel  mills  gen- 
erally are  said  to  be  working  to  about 
75  or  80  per  cent,  of  capacity.  This,  it 
must  be  remembered  is  the  enlarged  ca- 
pacity; two  or  three  years  ago  the  pres- 
ent volume  of  business  would  have  been 
well  up  to  the  ability  to  handle  it  prompt- 
ly. It  would  seem  as  if  prophets  and 
commentators  on  the  trade  were  making 
coinparisons  of  the  present,  not  with  the 
business  of  past  years,  but  with  the 
greater  trade  which  they  have  expected 
to  see,  and  for  which  manufacturers  have 
prepared  at  great  cost. 

The  weak  point  in  the  trade  is,  with- 
out doubt,  the  disinclination  to  contract 
for  future  deliveries.  In  part  this  is  the 
result  of  the  various  uncertainties  ibove 


630 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


recferred  to;  but  in  large  part  also  it  is 
due  to  the  price  situation.  The  Steel 
Corporation  and  other  large  producers 
will  not  contract  ahead  on  the  present 
level  of  values,  claiming  that  it  is  too 
low.  On  the  other  hand  large  users  and 
manufacturers  either  cannot  see  a  rea- 
son for  higher  prices,  or  believe  that  any 
material  advances  will  limit  their  trade 
with  the  ultimate  consumer.  The  mar- 
ket looks  as  if  it  might  drift  into  almost 
the  condition  it  reached  under  the  price- 
maintenance  policy  of  the  early  part  of 
1909.  If  the  apprehension  of  a  renewal 
of  that  policy  were  removed,  there  would 
soon  be  better  business  and  a  livelier 
market. 

The  week  has  shown  more  buying  of 
pig  iron.  In  seaboard  territory  the  chief 
business  has  come  from  foundries  -and 
pipe  works;  the  former  taking  chiefly 
Northern  iron,  and  the  latter  Southern 
pig.  In  the  Central  West  both  foundry 
and  basic  have  been  sold.  Prices  remain 
low,  and  orders  are  chiefly  for  fourth- 
quarter  delivery. 

In  finished  material  small  orders  for 
structural  steel  are  still  plenty,  and  some 
large  contracts  are  in  sight.  Wire  pro- 
ducts are  selling  well,  but  other  business 
has  not  been  heavy.  Some  moderate 
orders  are  coming  from  the  railroads  for 
rails,  bridge  work  and  equipment.  In  all 
this  business  short  deliveries  are  the 
rule.  Some  rails  have  been  sold  for  ex- 
port, including  25,000  tons  for  Australia, 
10,000  tons  for  Brazil  and  some  other 
small  orders   for  South   America. 

In  New  York,  Sept.  20,  Judge  Gary, 
chairman  of  the  United  States  Steel  Cor- 
poration, gave  out  the  following  statement 
for  publication: 

"There  is  no  justification  for  the  state- 
ment purporting  to  originate  in  Pittsburg 
that  1  wide-open  cut  in  prices  of  steel  is 
likely  to  occur  before  the  end  of  the  week. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  new  business 
offered  at  the  present  time,  though  quite 
large,  is  less  than  the  total  producing  ca- 
pacity. If  the  railroad  companies  were 
buying  as  much  as  usual,  or  up  to  their 
necessities,  the  mills  would  be  crowded. 
"There  has  been  a  shading  of  prices  of 
some  of  the  commodities  by  a  few  of  the 
smaller  producers.  However,  the  princi- 
pal manufacturers  are  disposed  to  main- 
tain fair  prices  and  to  cooperate  so  far  as 
they  may  legally  and  properly  do  so.  As 
usual,  there  has  been  an  effort  for  stock 
jobbing  or  other  improper  purposes,  to 
exaggerate  greatly,  if  not  misrepresent, 
the  facts. 

"On  the  whole,  the  steel  business 
should  be  considered  satisfactory,  and  I 
see  no  reason  to  expect  any  change  in 
this  respect.  Indeed,  there  has  been  a 
slight  improvement  during  the  last  few 
davs.  Our  export  business  is  exceedingly 
good,  being  at  the  rate  of  at  least  25,000 
tons  per  month  in  excess  of  the  export 
business  of  last  year." 


Baltimore 

Sept.  19 — Exports  for  the  week  m- 
cluded  154,800  lb.  zinc  dross  to  Liver- 
pool. Imports  included  320  tons  ferro- 
manganese  from  Rotterdam  and  713  tons 
from  Liverpool;  540  tons  manganese  ore 
from  Antwerp;  16,750  tons  iron  ore  irom 
Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Sept.  19 — General  conditions  are  much 
feetter  than   they    have   been    for   several 
weeks.     There    have   been   a   number   of 
sales   made   during   the  past  two   weeks, 
while  a  steady  inquiry  is  being  received 
that  promises  to  result  in  business.     So 
far  there  has  been  no  inclination  to  sell 
iron  at  present  prices  into  next  year.  The 
quotations  are  firmer  again,  $11.50  being 
asked   for  No.  2  foundry  iron.     The  first 
part  of  the  month  saw  iron  selling  at  Sll 
per   ton    and    it   is   understood    now   that 
there  has  been  quite  a  tonnage  sold.     The 
larger  consumers,  the  cast-iron  pipemak- 
ers  are  sounding  out  the   market  so   far 
as   the    next-year    iron    goes.      It    is    an- 
nounced   that    the    reduction    of    the    ac- 
cumulated stocks  of  iron  is  going  on  and 
the   next  inventory   will  show   the  stocks 
greatly  reduced.     The  make   in  this  sec- 
tion  has  been   increased   by  the   blowing 
in  of  another  furnace  and  it  is  announced 
that    two    more    will    shortly    be    started. 
The  Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Com- 
pany has  one  of  its  city  furnaces  in  oper- 
ation now,  making  five  in  all  going,  two 
at    North    Birmingham,   one    in    this   city 
and  two  at  Sheffield.  The  Tennessee  com- 
pany has  five  of  its  six  Ensley  furnaces 
in  full  operation. 

Cleveland 

Sept.  19 — Furnaces  are  taking  ore 
slowly.  In  view  of  the  heavy  August 
tonnage  and  the  crowded  condition  of  the 
lower  docks,  it  is  predicted  that  the  move- 
ment for  the  rest  of  the  season  will  be 
light.  The  Steel  Corporation  has  given 
notice  that  contract  boats  will  be  released 
Nov.   15  at  latest. 

Pig  Irnn— Some  foundry  has  been  sold 
in  small  lots.  There  is  little  inquiry  and 
the  market  is  dull.  No.  2  foundry  >s 
quoted  SH.SOrr;  14.75,  Cleveland. 

Finished  MaterialSmaU  structural 
orders  continue  to  be  the  main  business 
doing.  Quotations  on  shapes,  plates  and 
bars  are  pretty  firmly  held  at  1.40c.,  Pitts- 
burg base,  but  sheets  are  badly  cut. 

Chicago 
Sept.  20 — Buying  of  pig  irnn  continues 
to  be  almost  wholly  of  small  lots  for  last- 
quarter  delivery.  The  usual  reluctance  to 
crossing  the  imaginary  line  dividing  the 
years  is  manifest  already  and  promises 
to  be  more  prominent.  Some  few  good- 
sized  contracts  are  being  made  for  1911 
delivery  but  inquiries  are  sti!'  much  more 
plentiful  than  orders.  As  for  several 
weeks  past  the  average  user  of  iron  is 


content  to  buy  30  to  90  days  ahead,  in 
lots  ranging  from  a  carload  to  500  tons, 
and  to  watch  the  market  closely  for  signs  ' 
of  change.  Selling  agents  are  asking 
about  50c.  more  for  1911  deliveries  than 
the  quotations  for  the  last  quarter — $16.50 
Oi  17  for  Northern  No.  2,  $\\(ii  11.50  Bir- 
mingham (S15.35'((  15.85  Chicago)  for 
Southern  No.  2  and  S18.50r,(  19  for  Lake 
Superior  charcoal  iron.  The  number  of 
small  sales  continues  large  and  they  are 
widely  distributed,  making  the  aggregate 
tonnage  large.  On  iron  and  steel  products  Ui 
the  market  continues  firm  with  no  de- 
cided changes  and  leading  lines  such  as 
structural  materials  and  wire  materials 
showing  a  fair  and  even  demand. 


I 


Philadelphia 

Sept.  21— The  chief  features  of  in- 
terest during  the  past  few  days  are  in- 
quiries for  1911  delivery.  The  disposition 
of  pig-iron  makers  is  not  to  encourage 
such  deliveries  by  concessions  and  there 
has  only  been  a  little  business  done.  A 
little  yielding  on  the  part  of  makers  on 
late-delivery  orders  would  bring  them  a 
large  volume  of  business.  The  general 
tone  of  the  market  is  stronger  than  a 
week  ago  but  there  is  an  abundance  of 
iron  for  all  demands.  Today's  quotations 
are  $15  for  Southern  No.  2X  foundry  and 
S16  for  Northern;  Southern  gray  forge 
is  offered  at  $14.50  and  Northern  forge 
can  be  had  for  only  a  trifle  more.  Basic 
is  strong  at  $15  with  a  higher  figure 
quoted  for  optional  delivery. 

Steel  Billets — Several  small  lots  oi 
billets  have  been  ordered  within  the  lasi 
few  days  merely  to  cover  some  new  work 
and   immediate  delivery   is  required. 

Bars — Country  stores  report  an  Im- 
proved distribution  but  mills  throughou' 
the  State  are  not  booking  orders  of  an\ 
importance.  Quotations  are  unchanged 
Sheets — Sheets  continue  weak  and  ad 
ditional  shadings  are  reported  on  blacl 
and  galvanized  sheets.  Incoming  order 
are  small. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Handlers  of  mer 
chant  pipe  report  a  sharp  improvemen 
in  retail  lots  for  immediate  delivery 
Quite  a  batch  of  orders  has  reached  thi 
mills  for  pipe  to  be  furnished  in  som( 
cases  as  late  as  midwinter.  Tubes  re 
main  at  former  discount  with  the  usua . 
heavy  consumptive  demand. 

Plates — New  business  in  plates  ha: 
been  restricted  to  small  orders  from  ship 
yards,  boiler  shops  and  in  ooe  o€  twi 
cases  from  car  builders. 

Structural  Material  —  Manufacturer 
have  been  figuring  on  considerable  busi 
ness  which  they  think  will  shape  int( 
orders  next  month.  A  fair  Septembe 
business  has  been  done  with  builders  ii 
this   territory    at    full    retail    prices. 

Scrap — Sales  of  scrap  have  been  re 
stricted  to  small  quantities  of  cast  scrap 
borings  and  other  inferior  grades. 


I 


September  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


631 


Pittsburg 

Sept.  20 — There  has  been    no    further 
mprovement  in  the  steel  trade;  if  any- 
hing  business  is  not  altogether  as  heavy 
IS  early  in  the  month,  and  the  general  at- 
itude  of  the  trade  is  clearly  one  of  less 
lopefulness.     At  the  same  time,  there  is 
■eally  a  large  tonnage  of  business  bein^ 
)Iaced.     In  certain  lines  there  is  a  larger 
onnage     going     on     books     and     being 
hipped   from  mills  than  the  average  in 
906-7,  but  there  ar:  some   offsets,  the 
wo  chief  ones  being,  first,  that  rail  ton- 
lage  for  the  year  was  light  and  new  buy- 
ng  by  the  railroads  is  light;  and,  second. 
hat  several   classes   of   big   work    which 
ave  been  taking  steel  steadily  upon  old 
ontracts  are   about  to  play  out  or  pass 
1  a  reduced  rate,  including  car  and  ship- 
uilding  and   fabricating  work.     It  is  not 
ertain  that  the   total   rate  of  production 
■ill  decrease  in  the  next  30  or  60  days, 
'  ut  in  some  quarters  this  is  feared;  if  it 
oes,  it  will  be  on  account  of  the  playing 
ut  of  these  lines. 
Prices  of  steel  products  continue  to  be 
sry  well  held   in   the  circumstances,   for 
sually  when  mills  are  indifferently  well 
lied  with  business  and  are  not  selling  :.s 
luch  as  they  ship   the   tendency   is  dis- 
nctly  for  prices  to  decline.     The   week 
lows    no    material    loss    in    prices,    but 
lading   of   outside    mills    in    plates    and 
lapes  is  somewhat    more    in    evidence, 
'hile  the  plate  m.irket  is  still   quotable 
1.40c.,  Pittsburg,  a  price  of   1.35c.  on 
,rrow  plates  has  become  more  general, 
lis  is  not  a  new  price,  however,  for  in 
jgust  there  was  a  considerable  tonnage 
narrow  plates  sold  at  1.35  cents. 
Pig  Iron — The   market    has    continued 
liet.     Basic  is  quotably  lower.     A  sale 
1200  to   1500  tons  a  month  for  last- 
larter  delivery  to  a  steel  plant  a  short 
stance     below    Pittsburg    has    aroused 
ach  discussion  as  the  exact  price,  which 
believed  to  have  been  very  low,  could 
it  be  ascertained,  snd   it  seems   fair  to 
tote  the  minimum   of  the  basic  market 
c.   less   than    a    week    ago.      Bessemer 
s  been  held  at  the  former  figure  by  a 
le  of   1000  tons.     Foundry   has  moved 
iwly,  but  at  former  prices.    The  inquiry 
a  radiator  company  for  42,000  tons  of 
undry    iron    for   delivery    spread     over 
xt  year,  a  few  thousand  tons  being  for 
stern  Pennsylvania  plants,  has  not  led 
business,  nnd  the  inquiry   is  regarded 
put  out  merely  :o  sound  the  market, 
icks  of  pig  iron  at  merchant   furnaces 
the  Valleys  and  western  Pennsylvania 
-■  estimated   at    290,000    tons,    chiefly 
jndry  and  basic.    This  would  be  about 
,000  tons  per  furnace,  or  a  little  over  a 
iinth's   run.     We   quote   at   Valley    fur- 
ices,   90c.    higher     delivered    Pittshurij; 
Issemer,     .S15;     basic,     .S13.50r„  13.75; 
mdry,     S14;    malleable,    $14;     forge, 
■3.25  per  ton. 

ferromanganese — The  market  is  quiet. 
'•  lowest  open   quotation  being  $29.50, 


Baltimore,  for  prompt,  freight    to    Pitts- 
burg being  $1.95. 

Steel — Shipments  on  old  contracts  are 
good,  but  new  business  is  rather  light. 
While  Pittsburg  and  Youngstown  mills  do 
not  quote  under  $24.50  at  mill  for  bes- 
semer  billets  and  $1  more  for  sheet  bars, 
odd  lots  in  middle  hands  sometimes  are 
offered  at  less,  and  some  mills  removed 
from  Pittsburg  name  lower  delivered 
prices  than  the  Pittsburg  basis  would 
make,  so  that  the  market  stands  quotabb 
about  as  follows:  Bessemer  billets, 
S24f</24..50;  sheet  bars,  .$25rr/ 25.50; 
open-hearth  billets,  $25.50ft(26;  sheet 
bars,  $2(5'?/ 26.50;  forging  billets,  $28.50 
((i29\   rods,  $28fr/29  per  ton. 

Sheets — Tonnage  is  fairly  good  but  the 
additional  cutting  noted  last  week  con- 
tinues, equal  to  S4  to  S5  on  black  and 
$5  to  $6  a  ton  on  galvanized,  from  nom- 
inal prices  of  240c.  for  black,  3.50c.  for 
galvanized,  $1.70  for  painted  corrugated 
and  $3  for  galvanized  corrugated. 

By  Telegraph 

Pittsburg,  Sept.  21— The  Steel  Corpor- 
ation and  large  independents  are  holding 
a  conference  in  New  York  today  to  dis- 
cuss reductions  on  some  finished  steel 
products  on  account  of  shading  by  some 
smaller  independent  concerns.  This 
shading,  however,  is  no  new  thing,  and  it 
is  doubtful  whether  the  reductions  will 
be  made.  The  leading  Pittsburg  steel 
men  are  all  in  New  York. 

Corrigan,  McKinney  &  Co.  have  covered 
their  October  requirements  by  buying 
25,000  tons  furnace  coke  at  SI. 60  at 
ovens.  They  have  also  bought  part  )f 
their  November  and  December  coke  at  a 
slightly  higher  price. 


i   METAL- MARKETS   ^^ 


New  York,  Sept.  21 — The  metal  mar- 
kets continue  to  show  little  improvement, 
though  it  is  rather  uneven  in  character; 
price  changes  have  been  small,  except  in 
some  special  lines. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


I'XITKI)     ST.\TES     (!<)I.I>     AND     SII.VKlt     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

G..I1I: 

Auk.  r.iio.. 

$3,l.-.n.<33 

$12,8I8,C06 

Imp.$  9,(;fia.ia3 

■•       I'.Hii).. 

9.-.':«).'27:) 

.'•>.;t4«,7i-.7 

Exp.      3.881.51(1 

Year  lillO.. 

a.t.i'.a  Till.'. 

4'J.489,7ari 

ll.(K).'i,819 

"      liKW.. 

H9,7-J(i,;t9-2 

2ti,7S4.23i-. 

00,972,157 

811v,t: 

Auk.   I'.IIO.. 

4,765.7n« 

4.119,302 

Exp.         CXC.Mf. 

•■      11III9.. 

4,4!>4.6.52 

;i,19(l.il88 

i.:«)3,5r>i 

year  luiil.. 

3C..9:t4,;)97 

29,«1,5,770 

7,118.027 

"     1909.. 

;i»,9o;),584 

29,979,133 

8,il24.461 

Exports  from  thp  port  of  New  York,  week 
cmlivl  Sept.  17:  Cold,  .fSOli :  silver.  .$.'>4.')..S22, 
piiuclpiillv  I"  l.niirloii.  Imports:  (Jold.  $"'_'. ■ 
111.".:  sllvi'r.  $S7.(i!i.-..  from  Ihe  West  Indies. 
Coiiti-.il    and,  Soiilli    .\nierloa. 


Gold — In  the  absence  of  any  special 
demand  prices  on  the  open  market  in 
London   were   unchanged  at  77s    9d    per 


oz.    for   bars,   and   76s.   5d.   per   oz.    for 
American  coin. 

Platinum — Business  is  improving  and 
prices  have  advanced.  Dealers  are  now 
asking  ,S34r(; 34.50  per  oz.  for  refined 
platinum  and  $39'(;40  per  oz.  for  hard 
metal.  In  part  the  advance  is  due  to 
higher  prices  in  Europe;  in  part  also  to 
increased  demand  from  the  jewelry  trade, 
in  which  the  use  of  platinum  is  becoming 
more  the  fashion. 


SILVER    ANt 

.STKKMSG 

EXCHANOE 

Sept. 

15 

10 

17 

19 

20 

21 

Now  York.... 
Loinitui 
Sterling  E.\. 

53,14     53  ;i; 
24,»,    -mi 

4.8025  4.8(i2U 
1 

53  !i 

24,'i 

4.8015 

53,'i      RVi 

■H,'„      24  >, 

4,8016  4.8005 

53  H 

24  Ji 

4.8005 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver  :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver.  O.OS.'i   line. 

Silver — The  market  has  remained 
steady  on  good  demand  from  the  Indian 
bazaars;  and  closes  higher  at  24,'.id.  in 
London. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NKW  YORK 


Copper. 

Ttu. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

.2 

.M.O 

.a 

lia 

-d 

7i  "* 

~ 

?  '5 

u 

tH   C 

lis 

ag 

iO. 

s  a 

a 

S  a 

0  S, 

u    . 

b     ■ 

^  -: 

00 

j5 

wo 

" 

iz;o 

ecu 

^6 

CDU 

12)^ 

12.30 

4.27* 

5  .55 

5.40 

15 

(3)12?, 

©12.40 

34  >i 

4.40 

©4.30 

©5.60 

©5.45 

12  ij 

12  :to 

4.275 

5.. 55 

5.40 

10 

®12,'i 

fSI2,40 

Six 

4.40 

©4.30 

©5.60 

©5.45 

12'^ 

12.;)0 

4.27J      .'■>  .55 

5.40 

r; 

012 '4 

©12.40 

34  Ji 

4.40 

©4.30  |©5.00 

©5.45 

12  >, 

12.25 

4.27*1     6. .55 

5.40 

19 

012?, 

©12.;i5 

34Ji 

4.40 

©4.30   ©5.57J 

©5.42} 

12  ij 

12.25 

4.27jl     5.. 52 1 

5.;t7J 
©5  42J 

■jii 

©12', 

©12.35 

34  K 

4.40 

©4.30  ;©5.57j 

f-i.S 

12.26 

4.27j|     5. .52) 

5. 37  J 

21 

ffil2S 

©12.;t5 

uu 

4.40 

©l.:)0  '©5.55 

©5.40 

The  New  York  iinolalions  for  electrolytic 
copprr  arc  for  cakes,  iiijjots  aud  wirchai's, 
ami  I'cp  resell  I  Ihe  buili  of  tlie  transactions 
made  with  consiiniers.  hasis  New  York.  cash. 
The  prices  of  castiii;;  copper  and  nf  elect  rolylic 
catliodes  are  usually  iLl*j."»c.  below  Ilial  of 
fled  i-oly tic.  'I'he  (picMa  I  ions  for  lead  rcpi'P- 
sciit  wliolesali'  transaelions  in  the  ojjcn  mar- 
ket. The  nnotalinns  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  \Veslern  brands;  special  brands 
command    a    premium. 

LONDON 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

& 

Spot. 

■IMos 

Spot. 

Spnn- 
3  Mos    lah. 

EllR- 

Usb. 

Ordl- 
narlos. 

15 

54}J 

55X 

169K 

158Ji 

nf. 

12H 

23« 

K. 

sni 

55K 

169K 

158,S 

12X 

12«      23« 

17 

1 

19 

54  ?i 

ss,«. 

169X 

158K 

13X 

12X 

23X 

20 

55 

55Ji 

lB8>i 

157  >4' 

12  X 

12X 

23X 

21 

64X 

S5X 

160  ;< 

166 

121J 

12}S 

23H 

'I'lti'  iiliiive  taliie  ;xlves  the  elosinj;  ipir>ti)tions 
(m  London  Metal  I'lxclian^te.  AH  prices  are 
in  pounds  sti>rilin:  per  ton  of  *J:i4(i  Hi.  t'opper 
limitations  are  for  standard  copper. 

Copper — Business  during  the  last  w'eek 
has  been  very  dull,  total  sales  probably 
falling  short  of  10.000,000  lb.     The  busi- 


d32 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


ness  that  has  been  taken,  chiefly  for  for- 
eign delivery,  has  been  at  concessions  in 
price,  and  in  this  at  least  five  of  the 
agencies  have  participated.  A  small 
amount  of  business  in  electrolytic  for  do- 
mestic delivery  realized  a  little  less  than 
12.35c.,  cash,  New  York,  but  sales  for  for- 
eign delivery  were  made  upon  terms  run- 
ning down  to  12.25c.,  basis  New  York, 
while  some  transactions  in  second-hand 
copper  were  repirted  upon  even  lower 
terms.  A  moderate  business  in  Lake  was 
done  at  12'/j(V/ 12\sc.,  but  some  small 
sales  of  fancy  brands  were  inade  at  a 
slight  premium.  In  spite  of  the  lower 
prices  at  which  copper  has  been  booked 
during  the  last  fortnight  there  has  been 
no  selling  pressure  on  the  part  of  the 
larger  interests.  At  the  close  Lake  cop- 
per is  quoted  at  \2'  ,'<i  \2^ic..  and  elec- 
trolytic copper  in  cakes,  wirebars  and  in- 
gots at  \2.2b(ii  12.35c.  Casting  copper 
is  being  offered  on  basis  of  !2'sf(/12'i 
cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  XBdt  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 
Transactions  in  the  standard  market, 
although  of  fair  volume,  did  not  influ- 
ence quotations  very  much  one  way  or 
the  other.  The  close  is  cabled  as  steady 
at  £54  15s.  for  spot,  and  £55  10s.  for 
three  months. 

Refined  and  manufactured  sorts  we 
quote:  English  tough,  £57  5s.;  best  se- 
lected, £59rr/59  5s.;  strong  sheets,  £67r'0 
68  per  ton. 

Visible  stocks  of  copper  in  England 
and  France,  including  copper  afioat  from 
Australia  and  Chile,  on  Sept.  15  were 
95,660  long  tons;  a  decrease  of  1860  tons 
as  compared  with  the  Sept.  I  report. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  9941  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  3881  tons. 

The  Ray  Consolidated  concentrates  are 
to  be  smelted  by  that  company,  which  is 
now  erecting  smelting  works.  The  blister 
copper  has  been  contracted  to  the  Ameri- 
can Smelting  and  Refining  Company  foi 
refining  at  Perth  Amboy.  The  Chino 
Copper  Company  has  made  a  contract 
with  the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  for  the  smelting  of  its  concen- 
trates and  the  refining  of  the  copper.  The 
concerKrates  will  be  smelted  at  El  Paso, 
to  which  plant  converters  will  be  added, 
and  the  blister  copper  will  come  to  Perth 
Amboy.  All  of  this  copper  will  be  sold 
by  the  Guggenheim  agency. 

Tin — On  the  lower  level  which  has 
been  established  the  m.arket  in  London  re- 
mained fairly  steady  until  Sept.  20.  To- 
day, Sept.  21,  brought  a  further  decline. 
Spot  tin  was  neglected  and  transactions 
took  place  mainly  in  three  months  tin. 
The  close  is  cabled  as  dull  at  £156  10s. 
for  spot,  and  £156  for  three  months. 


There  was  some  activity  among  deal- 
ers in  this  market  during  the  latter  part 
of  last  week.  How  little  interest  the  ac- 
tual consumer,  howe\er,  takes  in  the 
metal  is  best  illustrated  by  the  fact  that 
last  week's  London  steamer  took  back 
100  tons  of  tin,  for  which  the  owners  be- 
lieve they  will  be  able  to  find  a  -better 
market  in  London  than  here.  At  the  close, 
quotations  are  made  at  about  34 '4  cents 
Lt'orf-^Demand  in  this  metal  remains 
fairly  good  at  4.40c.,  New  York,  while 
Missouri  lead  seems  to  be  offered  a 
little  more  freely.  Prices  in  St.  Louis 
close   at  4.27 '  J  (<(  4.30  cents. 

In  Europe  business  continues  on  a 
very  large  scale  and  heavy  sales  to  con- 
sumers are  reported.  The  market  closes 
firm  at  £12  13s.  9d.  for  Spanish  lead,  and 
£12  16s.  3d.  for  English. 

Spelter — Consumers  are  not  quite  so 
willing  of  late  to  follow  the  advance  in 
this  metal.  Buying  on  their  part  has 
diminished  and  business  therefore  is  very 
quiet.  The  market  closes  somewhat  easier 
at  5.37' J ''(/5.40c.,  St.  Louis,  and  5.52<_.  r« 
5.60c.,  New  York. 

Very  large  buying  is  reported  from  the 
other  side,  and  it  appears  that  consump- 
tion abroad  has  overlapped  production, 
and  from  the  present  outlook  existing 
stocks  will  have  entirely  disappeared  by 
the  end  of  the  year.  In  consequence, 
the  market  is  extremely  strong  and  clos- 
ing quotations  are  cabled  for  good  ordi- 
naries at  £23  10s.,  and  for  specials  at 
£23  15s.  per. ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount 

European  Zinc  Convention — The  con- 
vention of  the  European  zinc  producers 
expires  by  limitation  Dec.  31  next,  and 
negotiations  are  now  in  progress  for  its 
renewal.  The  results  of  the  agreement 
are  considered  to  have  been  satisfactory, 
and  the  proposed  extension  will  probably 
be  made.  On  this  point  the  report  of  the 
Vieille  Montague  Zinc  Company,  recently 
issued,  says  that  that  important  company 
will  join  in  the  new  convention,  on  con- 
dition that  any  reduction  of  output  from 
the  actual  quantity  shall  be  determined, 
without  taking  account  of  fluctuations  in 
quotations,  whenever  unsold  stocks  shall 
begin  to  exceed  an  amount  to  be  fixed 
by  the  agreement. 


83/<ic.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  I'/k^'i^c.  foih  si 
U.  S.,  and  lY^OilVfiC.  for  outside  brandsB'' 

Quicksilver — Business  remains  goocj 
and  the  market  is  firm,  but  prices  are  stil  ■ 
unchanged.  New  York  quotations  areS4ti 
per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  lots;  S47ff(4)l 
for  jobbing  orders.  San  Francisco,  S45.5( 
for  dom.estic  orders  and  S2  less  for  ex  ■ 
port.  The  London  price  is  £8  12s.  6d 
per  flask,  with  £8  6s.  3d.  quoted  by  sec 
ond  hands. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business 
40r</45c  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c 
lor  SOO-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-Ib 
lots.  The  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c 
higher. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  61 
onOc.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  Nev 
York,  according  to  quality  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  meta 
is  SI. 50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  Ne\ 
York. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  has  been  dull, 
with  No.  1  ingot  freely  offered  at  22c.  and 
the  chances  that  business  could  be  con- 
summated for  less.  The  quotation  is 
nominal  at  IX^AUi  22c.  per  lb..  New  York. 

Antimony — The  market  remains  dull, 
with  only  a  retail  business  forward. 
Prices  are  nominally  unchanged  at  &]\(it 


Zinc  and  Lead   Ore  Markets 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Sept.  17— The  bas 
price  paid  this  week  for  60  per  .cen'  ] 
zinc  ore  was  S43r((44  per  ton;  no  pre 
mium  price  was  paid.  The  base  pric 
paid  for  80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  S52(f 
53  per  ton. 

SIIII'MKNTS,  \YEEK  ENDED  SEPT.  17. 


Camps. 


Galena 

Mineral  Point. 

Platteville 

Bent.iM 

Cuba  City 

Marker 

Highland 

Dnilffeville 

slHillsburfr 

Montfort 


Zinc  Lead    Siilpliii 

ore,  lb.  ore,  lb.    ore,  11 

7!5-2,»76        

(i8(!,l'20       

ijOH.SOO       548,a 

37-i.;no      

:f;«.s«5  IW.am      516,9! 

•2'2T,-2:)U        

193.700  81.:i(«)        

125,800        , 

58,700       

6ti,000       


Tc  >tal 3.'2IU,4'20        251i,r,«.T    1 .06:1,6'. 

Yeartoilate 68,6C1.7H5    7,020,'.KH  IH.791,8-. 

Shipped  during  the  week  to  the  sep 
arating  plants,  2,003,660  lb.  zinc  cor 
centrates. 


Joplin.  Mo.,  Sept.  17 — The  highest  prie 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  $47  on 
base  price  of  S44.50  per  ton  of  60  pe 
cent.  zinc.  The  highest  base  price  fo 
ores  carrying  less  than  4  per  cent,  iro 
was  S45,  a  few  bins  selling  for  that  fo 
next  week's  delivery.  Ores  carrying  fror 
8  to  10  per  cent,  iron  at  Miami  sold  fo 
S49  base.  Zinc  silicate  sold  on  a  base  o 
$2U.(24  per  ton  of  40  per  cent,  zinc 
The  average  price,  all  grades  of  zinc,  wa 
$41.10  per  ton.  Lead  ore  sold  generall 
at  S56,  and  the  average  price,  all  grade 
of  lead,  was  S5S.10  per  ton. 

The  zinc  market  opened  strong  Thurs 
aay  on  a  S44  base  and  by  Friday  nigh 
had  reached  S45  and  very  few  car  load 
sold  under  a  $44  base.  Producers  wen 
slow  to  let  go  of  their  ore  as  the  spelte 
market  was  showing  an  upward  tciidenc: 
and  many  of  them  are  holding  for  a  $•••• 
base  or  better. 


September  24.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


333 


suii'MKNTS.  WKKK  knuhi)  sioi'T.  1  ■; 


zinc,  11).  Leail  lb.    Value. 


Wi-iil.  UUy-CarterviUo 


l>liit. 
■i-N"eck. 


a. 


LTron 

iniKP 

^■'11 

lunctlou. 


ii.-ipaw. 


T.itnls 1-2,703,940 


4.tli")8, 
2,3.19, 
981, 
779, 
472 
712, 
5liK, 
ir.l, 
414. 
429, 
132, 
29H, 
244, 
178, 
00, 
GO, 


1,020,800 
2ll8.">40i 


82,710 

121.380 

4,830 


173,830 


$128, 
S7, 
2' 
18, 
11. 
9, 
8, 
8, 
8, 


,402 
3111 
,584 
037 
853 
.915 
.034 
,.i90 
,507 
,978 
,008 
,570 
,124 
,023 
,080 
.140 


1.047,030,    $308,301 


.  wivkM 422.318,840  01,314,220    $9,874.1117 

rir  vnlui'.  till'  week.  $202,9.-,H;    38  Wli"k.S.  $8,290,270 
■nil  valui'.  till- wiM'k.      45.409;    38  WPeks,     1,377.831 

Mii.NTiil.v  Avi:i!.\(;i:  i'i;i(i:s. 


iry. .. 
.ary.. 


Miber. 
niber. 


Baan  Price.     All  Ores. 


1909.  I  1910.  I  1909.  I  1910. 


Le.\d  ouk. 


$41.25 
36.94 
37.40 
38. 03 
40.0<i 
44.15 
43.0ti 
48.25 
47.70 
49.. ■lO 
51.31 
49.45 


YiiU- $43.98 $41.20 


$47.31 
40  09 
43.00 
41.  (HI 
40.19 
40.20 
39.  (H 
40.13 


$:)8,46;$45.10 
34.37:  39.47 


34 

37.01 
37.42 
40.33 
41.11 
44.54 
44.87 
45.75 
48.29 
47.57 


39.71 
39.33 
37.51 
37.83 
36.80 
37.32 


$54.00 


■| 


Ni'i'K — I'lKjer  zinc  ore  llii-  (irsl  two  cnl- 
Inns   give   Ijo.sc    pi-iccs    for   (Id   per   cent.    /.in<: 

■  .  tlio  secnnii  twu  (lie  :ivei';iy:e  for  all  ores 
■  hi.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  averaRe  fcir 
I    ores    .■iiild. 


Other    Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
uperior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
re:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent, 
on  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — ,S5  per 
in  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
onbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
4.20  for  Old   Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
f  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
\ists.  according  to  quantity  and  location 
f  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
round  50  to  55  per  cent.  iron,  can  be 
ad  at  831/3.50  per  ton.  f.o.b.  mines; 
lit  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
.ted  by  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
)r  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
intent,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
:nt.  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
liosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
mge  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
■nt.  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
;ss  of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite.  wolframite 
id  huebncrite  ores.  Sa.SOdil  per  unit 
;r  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  fiO 

r  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
iires,  50c. rv/ SI. 50  per  unit  less. 

JCinc  Ores  — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende, 
|f  good  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
id  lead  content,  delivered  at  Kansas 
Halting  points,  the  current  price   is   for 


the  zinc  content,  less  eight  units,  at  the 
St.  Louis  price  of  spelter,  less  $14(</  15 
per  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 

PynVcs— Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
Ilc<;  ll'jc.  per  unit  at  mines;  fines,  lO'i 
f(i  lie.  Pyrites  containing  arsenic  realize 
from  K'''"l!jc.  per  unit  less.  Delivery 
to  Eastern  acid  works  costs  from  2  to  3c. 
per  unit  more.  Most  contracts  are  made 
f.o.b.  mines. 


CHEM ICALS 


New  York,  Sept.  21— Business  gener- 
ally is  quiet,  with  few  signs  of  early  im- 
provement on  any  considerable  scale. 

Copper  Sulphate — The  market  is  easy 
and  prices  unchanged.  Quotations  are  $4 
per  100  lb.  for  carloads  or  over,  and  54.25 
per  100  lb.  for  smaller  orders. 

Arsenic — The  market  has  again  lapsed 
into  dullness.  Prices  are  lower,  S2.25  per 
100  lb.  being  quoted  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  is  more 
quiet  than  it  has  been.  Sellers  still  ask 
2.10c.  per  lb.  for  spot,  but  are  a  little 
easier  on  futures,  for  which  2.12'/=c.  per 
lb.  can  be  done. 

Potash  Salts — A  conference  is  to  be 
held  shortly  in  Berlin  for  the  purpose  of 
settling,  if  possible,  questions  concerning 
the  prices  and  exports  of  potash  salts. 
The  German  Government  represents  ths 
potash  producers;  the  other  parties  will 
be  representatives  of  American  compan- 
ies owning  mines  or  having  long  con- 
tracts with  mine  owners.  They  will  be  ac- 
companied by  M.  H.  Davis  as  commercial 
representative  of  the  State  Department  of 
the  United  States. 

Petroleum 


Exports  of  petroleum  and  products 
from  the  United  States,  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31,  in  gallons: 

1909.  1910. 

Cni'le  pntniloum 81.144.886  73..319.092 

N/i  pill  Ims 44,879,.303  50,98(1,858 

Illiimlliatlng  oil 079,800,120  62:i,4(>2,333 

LnbricatlnK  and  paraffin..      93,977,393  100,300,902 

Re^ililuura 69,967,559  70,553,209 


Total 9C>9,829,200      930,883,2,34 

The  total  decrease  this  year  was  38,- 
946,006  gal.,  or  4  per  cent. 

Scotch  Oil-  After  prolonged  negotia- 
tions, the  directors  of  the  Scottish  min- 
eral-oil companies  have  fixed  the  prices 
of  burning  oils  for  the  new  selling  sea- 
son now  being  entered  on  at  5'jd.  per 
gal.  for  No.  1,  which  represents  a  drop 
on  last  year's  rate  of  about  Hd.  per 
gallon. 


6<.   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Sept.  21 — The  general  stock 
market  has  been  dull  throughout  the 
week,  with  price  movements  irregular  on 
light  trading.  There  has  been  no  general 
tendency  apparent  and  fluctuations  were 
not  large. 


The  Curb  market  was  also  dull,  with 
only  moderate  trading  in  copper  stocks 
and  changes  in  those  stocks  were  unim- 
portant. Nevada  gold  shares  were  quiet 
and  with  no  special  interest  shown.  The 
most  active  business  was  in  the  Cobalt 
stocks,  especially  Nipissing,  which 
showed  some  strength. 


lioston.  Sept.  20 — Copper  shares  con- 
tinue to  display  a  lack  of  animation  and 
price  changes  are  trivial  from  day  to  day. 
The  market  is  a  waiting  one,  but  with  its 
thoroughly  liquidated  condition  offers  the 
prospective   buyer  a   favorable  opportun- 


(Ol'TKU    I'KDlirCTION    UKPOUTS. 
"pper  I'onfent.s  of  blister  co|)per.   in  pounds. 


Company. 

June. 

July. 

August, 

.■\rizoim.  Ltd 

Bnlnklala 

2,80-2,000 
1,220,(K10 
2.113.3U 
10.219.1187 
2.490.1100 
4.280.00(1 
2.017.000 
800.00(1 
0.180,832 
2,092,000 
1.. 328,000 
2,245,00(1 
8,338,490 
23,730,000 
18,000,000 

2.910.000 
I.IOO.OIKI 
2.272,00(1 
10,730,372 
2,703,000 
4,.31HI,0(1(I 
1,80(I,0(MI 
8(HI,O0O 
0,890,429 
2,0(HI,O0O 
2,207,000 
2,224,000 
8,077,000 
23,7.30,000 
19,0(10,000 

2,020,000 

Boleo  (Me.xlco) 

(Copper  ((Mieen 

Calumet  &  Ariz 

Cananea  (Me.xlcn).. 

Dotr.iil 

Impertal 

Nevada  Con 

Old  l)..niliilon 

2,(I39,.320 
9.420,7(i3 
2.3C.O.O(XI 
3,li20,lKI0 
2.11KI.(100 
400,11110 
5,800,000 
2,093,IK)0 

Superior  &  Pitts.... 

Utali  Cop|,or  Ci 

liiitle  District 

Lake  Sui>erIor 

2.520,000 

7,443,000 

23,730,000 

18,800,000 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars.  etc.. 

88,130,329 

20,817,978 

5,579,618 

90,804,411 
17,714,034 
0,637,836 

85.224,283 

Total 

114,527,915 

115,166,281 

Untie  distriei  and  Lake  Superior  llgiires  are 
esliniated:  (idlers  are  reports  received  I'l'om 
eoiiipanies.  Imiiorts  duplicate  production  of 
Caiianea,  and  tliat  part  of  Copper  (Jueen  pro- 
duction wliicli  I'omes  from  .N'acnzari.  Itideo 
copper  lines  not  come  to  American  r(?liners, 
rtali  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
till-    r.oston    mill. 


STATisrics  OF  corricu. 


Month. 

United 

States 

Producfn. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

IX,  1909 

X 

118,023,139 
124,0.37,709 
121,618,309 
117,828,053 

52,105,956 
(;6.359,617 
66,837,873 
69,3I9,.301 

60.077,777 
66.201.238 
33.260,696 
39,540,670 

XI 

XII 

Xoar 

1,403,403,036 

703,0.31,591 

080,942.620 

1, 1910 

II 

Ill 

IV 

116„347,287 
112,712,493 
120,007,467 
117.477.639 
123.2>2.476 
127.219  If ^ 
118.370.003 
127.803.618 

78,158,387 
06,(il8,322 
02,844,818 
67  083  931 

81,691.672 
37,369,618 
40,586,767 

■n    'ITl  AQA 

V 

VI 

53,303,196 
56,708,175 
(0,731,271 

Cb,89,3,948 
69  t07  107 

VII. 

VIII 

61,831,780 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

Onlted 

States. 

Europe. 

Total, 

IX,  1909 

X 

XI 

XII 

1.  1910 

II 

Ill 

135.190.930 
1.31.472,772 
153,309,620 
1.33,IHI3,627 
141,706,111 
98,403,339 
107,187.992 
123.824,874 
141.984.1.39 
100.423.973 
1(>8.386.017 
170,040,678 
168,881,213 

197.993.600 
210.224.000 
222.306.400 
236.837,000 
214,2114,800 
248,236,8IHI 
254,1.30,400 
249,023.600 
216.S70.4(WI 
239,142,100 
232,892,800 
222,320,000 
218,444,800 

333,190,630 
361,696,772 
370,1176,026 
.389,861,127 
383,970,911 
:M6,7(MI,139 
361 ,338,392 
373,460,474 
388.834,659 
399.3(i8..373 
401 ,278,817 
392.911(1.078 
387,326,045 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

Kicures  ail'  in  pounds  of  line  copper.  T'.  S. 
IH'odiicilon  incliMles  all  copper  rednod  in  thlR 
countr.v.  botli  from  domestic  and  imported 
material.  Visible  stocks  are  those  reported 
on  the  llrsi  day  of  each  month,  as  brousht 
over   from    the   preeediof.'  month. 


634 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


September  24,  1910. 


ity.  There  is  undoubtedly  a  steady  ac- 
cumulation of  the  better  class  of  stocks 
on  prospects.  At  present  there  is  nothing 
to  stimulate  trading  for  the  long  side 
while  prices,  in  the  main,  hold  steady. 

Algom.ah  and  Indiana  have  been  the 
two  stocks  in  the  fore.  The  former  had  a 
substantial  rise  to  about  S14,  but  fell 
back  close  to  SIO  today.  Indiana  also 
ran  off  to  SI 3,  in  sympathy  with  Algomah. 
Both  are  Dow  stocks,  as  is  North  Lake, 
which    is   also    heavy    in   tone. 

North  Butte  has  $1.75  set-back  today. 
to  S2fi.25,  on  reports  that  the  dividend 
might  again  be  reduced. 

Curb  business  is  on  a  restricted  scale, 
although  there  are.  from  time  to  time, 
bursts  of  activity  in  some  of  the  low- 
priced  stocks.  Chino  shows  a  good  de- 
gree   of   strength,   however. 


.■Vsse»sineii(s 


Company. 


iDeliuq.     S.ale.    i  Amt. 


American,  Ida 

ChaUnnge,  Nev 

Colusa.  Ida 

Elv  Con..  Npv 

ExcliiMiuer.  Nov 

Hancock  Con..  Mich 

HvpotliHk,  Ida 

Littli"  Butte,  Ida 

Live  Oak,  Ariz 

New  Hope  Ltd.,  Ida 

Ojibwav,  Mich 

p.,tnsi  a.  &  S.  Min.  Nev 

Kavon.  Micti 

Rhode  Lsland,  Ida 

Savage.  Nev 

Seg.  Belcher  ,<:  Midas  Con.,N. 

Sonora  M.  &  M..  Ida 

Tintic  Central.  Utah 

Union.  Nev 

Utah,  Nev 

Winona,  Mich 

Yellow  Jacket,  Nev 


Sept. 
Sept. 
Aug. 


Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 


Oct. 

Sept, 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 


15  Jii.noi 


Oct. 
Oct. 


14 
10 
VI 
1.5 

1 
22 

1 

6 
15 

i4;oct. 


Sept. 
Sept. 


Oct. 

Sept. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Sel)t. 


Oct.     20 


0,10 

0  002 
0.05 
0.05 
1.00 
0 .  005 
0 .  002 
3.00 
0.002 
1.00 
0.10 
0.10 
0.001 
0,10 
0.05 

* 
0.00.J 
0.10 
0.05 

1  .  00 
0.15 


•One  and  one-halt  mills. 

Monthly  AveraRe   Prices  of  Mefnl.s 

SILVKI! 


Month. 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

Octiiber 

Nftvember 

December 


New  York. 


.il  7.50.52, 
.51  472 '51 
.511  468  51 


London. 


51.428 
52.905 
.52.538 
51,043 
51 .  125 
.51,440 
.50  923 
60,703 
52.226 


Total 61. .502 


154 
794 
r.'.lO 
483 
797 
I-.51 
034 
428 


New    York,    cents    per    line    ounce;    London, 
pence    per    st.indard    ounr<'. 

rnvvv.K. 


NEW   YORK. 

London. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

13.893 

13,620 

14,280  13,870 

61.198 

60.923 

February 

12.949 

13,332 

13  295  13.719 

.57.688 

.59,388 

March 

12.387 

13.255 

12, 826' 13. 586 

56,231 

59.214 

April 

May 

June 

12.561 

12.733 

12.93J|13,091 

57  363 

57.238 

12 ,  893 

12  5.5013,238, 12. 885 

.59.338 

.56  313 

13.214 

12  404  13, .548, 12. 7981.59, 627 

55,310 

July 

12.880 

12.215 

13,363 

12,570 

58.5.56 

.54,194 

13.007 

12.490 

13.296 

12.715 

59 , 393 

55,733 

Sopteniber  . . 

12,870 

13.210 

,59.021 

October 

12,700 

13.030 

57.. 551 

Novorabor... 

13.125 

13.3,54 

58.917 

December... 

13,298 

13.647 

59.906 

Tear 

12,982 

13  335 

58.732 

TIX 

AT    NEW    YOHK 

Jlonth. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February  . . 

March 

April 

May 

Juue 

28.060 
28,290 
28.727 
29 .445 
29.225 
29.322 

32.700 
32.920 
32 .  403 
32,976 
33.125 
32.769 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

Av.  Y'ear.. 

29.125 
29.966 
30.293 
30.476 
30.859 
32.913 

32.695 
33.972 

29.725 

....... 

.SAX  KltANCISCO. 


Sept. 


Trices  ore  in   cents  per  pound. 


LEAD 


New  Y'orlc.  cents  per  pound,  Klectrolylic  Is 
for  cakes.  Ingots  or  wlrobars.  liondon,  pounds 
aterllnc.   per   long   ton.   standard   copper. 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909 

1910. 

1909. 

19111. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February.. . . 

March 

.\pri! 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December.. . 

4.175 
4. Ills 

3 ,  986 
4,168 
4.2.H7 
4 . 3.50 
4.321 

4 .  363 
4.342 
4,341 
4.370 
4.560 

4 .  700 
4,613 
4 .  459 
4.376 
4.315 
4.343 
4,404 
4,400 

4.025 
3 ,  868 
3.835 
4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4,227 
4.215 
4,215 
4.252 
4.459 

4.582 
4,44.-1 
4.307 
4 .  22,5 
4.164 
4.207 
4  291 
4,290 

13  113 
13  :il:i 

13   43S 
13,297 
13  22,5 
13  II3I 
12 .  563 
12.475 
12.781 
13,175 
13.047 
13,125 

13  650 
1 3   328 
13   063 

12  tm 

12   550 
12   688 
12.531 
12.513 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.019 

New    York   ami    St.    L 
Lcndon.   pounds  sterling 


)Uis,    cents   per   pi 
per   loQi;  ton. 


Sl'in. 

rici! 

Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

Loudon. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5.951 

21.425 

23.3.50 

February 

4  889 

5.669 

4.739 

5,419 

21. 562 

23.188 

March 

4.7.57 

5.637 

4.607 

5.487 

21.43S 

April 

4.965 

5.439 

4.815 

5.289 

21,531 

22,469 

May 

5.124 

5.191 

4.974 

5.041 

21,97,5 

22,100 

5.402 

5.128 

5.252 

4.978 

22  III  III 

22.219 

July 

5 .  402 

5.162 

5,252 

5.002 

21,9i;9 

22,406 

August 

5.729 

5.279 

5,579 

5,129 

22.125 

22.800 

September  . . 

5.796 

5.646 

22.906 

October 

6.199 

6.043 

23.2IH) 

November.. . 

6.381 

0.231 

23.188 

December. .. 

6.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Year 

5.603 

5.352 

22.201 

New   York  and   St.    Louis,   cents   per   pound. 
Loudon,  pounds  sterling  per   lou.g  ton. 


PRICES   OF   PK;   IKON'   AT   PlTTSKfUC 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

Fi'bruary.... 

March 

April 

Mav      

$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
15.79 
15.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.76 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18,96 
18.53 
18.28 
17,10 
16.52 
16.40 
10,09 

$16.40 
16.09 
15.84 
16.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16  80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.16 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 

$16.26 
16.90 
16.62 
16.06 
15.08 
16.63 
16.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 

15.. 53 

July 

August 

Se[itember  . . 

October 

November. . . 
December... 

15.40 
16.16 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  aPEINQS  Sept.  21 


Name  ot  Comp. 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'kCon. 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elktou  Con 

El  I'aao 

Faiiule  Rawlins. 

Flndlay 

(iold  Dollar 

Gold  Sovereign.. 

Isabella 

Jennie  Semplo  . . 

Lexington 

Mi'oM  .\nchor 

Old  Gold 

Mal-y  McKinnoy, 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work 


Bid. 


.05 
.02, 
.20 
.10 
.74 
.86 

t06 
.08j 

t.l4J 

t  03, 
.19 

J. 10 
.011 
.03* 

1.04 

1.63 
.02} 

1.08 
.91 
.04 


SALT  LAKE         Sept.  20 


Name  of  Comp.     Bid 


Bingham  Copper. 

.16 

15 

Colorado  Mining. 

.32 

Columbus  Con... 

.60 

Daly  Judge 

4.25 

4rand  Central 

1.02  J 

Il'on  Blossom 

.75 

Little  Bell 

ti.io 

Little  Chief 

t.22 

Lower  Mammoth. 

.12^ 

Mason  Valley 

8.00 

Ma).  Mines 

t.63 

May  Day 

.05} 

Nevada  Hills 

2. 45 

t.l3 
.59 

Prince  Con 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

2.00 

Slou.\  Cou 

.■2i), 

Uncle  8am 

.19 

Victoria 

tUOlh 

Name  o£  Comp.      CIg. 


COMSTOCK  STOCKS 

Alta 

Belcher  

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Conlideiice 

Con.  cal.  &  Va 

Crown  Pidnt 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Me.xic.au 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi    

Savage 

Siena  Nevada 

Onion  Con 

Yellow  Jacket.... 


J. 10 
.65 
.30 
.30 
.20 
.10 
.65 
.97 
.60 
.12 
.24 
.91 
.40 
.99 
.45 
.40 
.18 
.14 
.29 
.65 


Name  of  Comp.     Bid. 


Misc.  Nev.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  Eud  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumtio  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka  . 
So.  Eureka 


4.35  " 

.08 

.2Ti- 

.29 

.20 

.07 

.69 

.12 
t  10 
t.l6 

.40 

.48 
t.06 

.03 

.08 

.16 

.04 
tl.OO 
t  80 
14.62 


N.  Y.   EXCH.        Sept.  20 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated 

Am.  Agri.  Chem. . 
Am.Sni.i;Eef.,com 
Am.Sni.  &Ret..pf. 

Anaconda 

BethlehemSteelpf 
Col,  &Hock.C.  kl. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 

Cold  held  Con 

Great  N»u". ,  ore  ctf. 

Homestake 

NafiialLead.com. 
Natioii.il  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  I'olisol 

Pitisljurg  Coal — 
RepublicI&S.com. 
Republic  I  &S,  pf. 
SlossSheffi'd.com. 
Sloss  Sheflield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 
Utah  Copper — 
D.  S.  Steel,  com. 
U.  S.  Steel,  pf... 
Va.  Car.  Chem . . 


Clg. 


63 
44 

65  »i 
tl03% 

39 

68 

13  >i 
}56 
8!» 

54!-.i 
tm% 

5U% 
103 

201, 
}17 
{31  '4- 

91  '. 

55  }i 
116 

32 

45  K 

66 '4 
IlSJi 

57 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Sept.  20 


Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


Ariz.-Cananea .... 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek. .. 
Braden  Copper... 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  t'oalition... 

tialediiiiica 

Caliiniet  k  Mont.. 
Canadian  Miues. . 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Cou.  Ariz.  8m 

Davis-Daly 

Dolol-es 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Con 

El  Rayo 

Florence 

Giroux 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McK  in  ley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper.... 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 

Mont.  Shoslii>ne.. 

Monl.-Tonopah... 

Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 

Niplssiug  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacilic  Sin.  &  M.. 

Preclitus  Mi'tals. . 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonojiah 

Tonopah  Ex 

Trl-BuUion 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


BOSTON  EXCH.  Sept. 


3!-^ 

i% 
js 
ay, 

5'« 

t2>,; 

18 

ii: 

.90     I 

6*4 
16% 

2A| 
5>« 
V 
.26 

SH 
(■X 

180 
6,% 
3% 
.95 
18Ji 
55 
t.37>g 
.92 

IJA 
}% 

in\i 
2 

600 

H 

9 
1.02 

1 

31i 


LONDON 

Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton'slncl. 
Camp  Ulid.... 
Esperan/.a.... 

T<nnboy 

El  Oro 

Ol-ovlIIe 

Mexico  Mines 


Sept.  21 


Clg. 


£1108  Od 

0  3  3 

1  11  9 

2  13  0 

0  16  3 

1  7  0 
0  5  9 
8 15  0 


Name  of  Comp.      Bid. 


Adventure 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin . . 

Butte  &  Balak 

Calumet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

0]lbway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot '. 

Qulncy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best.. 
Superior  k  Pitts. . 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  8.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf.. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


6X 
40 

{25 
5 
16 
6 
{18 
.60 
13H 
5« 

s^% 
543 

15X 
6 

65X 
5 

7 

lox 

32 
19H 

ax 

13 
205i 

3X 
32 

9% 

6X 

4 
47 
20 
26 

8« 

6 

35)i 
12B 
{18 
WX 

9% 
48X 

8 
U 
66 
{6 
38 
48X 

3« 

■mti 
1 

116 

in 


BOSTON  OOEB  Sept.  20 
BidT 


Name  of  Comp. 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

t:ons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve... 
Fli-st  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Natl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Cool 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Arlz... 

South  Lake 

Superior  J:  Globe 

Trethewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


185 

1% 

IH 
lOX 
.07 

{8« 
1%  ' 
1« 
6H   . 

354 
IH 

.87 

.50 

.07 
IX 

.27 

{« 
{21 

m 

.16 
{lA 

i'i 

.46 


tLast  Quotation. 


ls.nn-'m'Tri,irijirppiTiJi,i_.in,in,i,,in'i'invnvnnvivTrn'k'ri,'m 


Ma^ 


^f^  ENGINEERING-^^? 
MINING    JOURNAL 

,^      PUBLISHED       WEEKLY      ^ 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -%  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
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payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
&ico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  S6.50 


in  Canada  <%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ^  Notice  to,  discontinue  should 
be  writtvjn  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  -%,  .\dvertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
-%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


OCTOBER  I,  iQio. 


NO.  14 


tlliVLLA.  riUS     .V  r.\  TEilE.ST 
Dariiuj     liM.tO     tn-     iirinttil     nnil     rircuJaicd 
534. ."iOO     r<>itir.<i     of     TnK     IOmumckking     and 
Minim;  JoritNAL. 

(iuy   cin-ul'.itiun    for   >^ei>tcmhcr,    li)10,    icas 
'.V.i.MU   coiiicn. 

October  1 V2.r,00 

\one  sent  free  rcDitlarlij,  no   hack  numhers. 
littnrci    ari     lire,    net    eireuhlfio/i. 


Contents  page 

Kdltoi-ials  : 

(alamiue  at   I,fail\illt' Ci^~t 

llif  rruspect  for  Ciijtprr );;:.", 

riic  Mexican   (Vnlontiial ti'M* 

A  ('(iiilrast   ill   ('i)al   Kates ti'Mi 

Calaiiiiue  at   Leadville ii;^7 

Annual   Ueport   on    Mmitana-Tonopali.  .  .  .    G.'!7 
details  of  I'raotical   .Miuins  : 

•Contiol  fi)r  Water  Wlieol .  .  .  .Tono- 
pali  Slime  Treatment ....  UecoverinK 
the  liate  by  a  Surveyor's  Transit 
....  *Samplin^  Screen  Driven  Ijy 
Compressed  .\ir.  ...  •Train  Car  with 
Automatic  D  o  o  r  .  .".  .  t'nwaterins 
i'looded  ^I  i  n  e  s  ....  *I'reventinR 
Twistinj;      and      S\vin;;ing      ot"      Kail 

Itloeiv   on   a    Perrlclv 

•Operations    at    tlie    Mexican    Mines    of 

i;i   Oro 

Kl  Clilco  District,   Hidalgo.    .Mexico. 

Litis   I'a-seoc 
•San   Rafael  y  Anexas  Alining  (."ompany. 

rachuca ./■,'.  flirtntlt 

I-a  Hlania   Mine  and  Mill  at  I'acluica.  .  .  . 
•Operations    ot    the    .Mexican     I'etroleiim 

Company tUlirin    lliififinn 

•Tlie     ,\itar      (lold      Kields      of     Sonora. 

Mexu'O ^iteeitil   Vorresitontlenee 

.\'o  Copper   in    Campeche 

Hatopilas  .Mining  Coinpan.v 

Uiianaiuaio    (Uitput 

.Mining   Operations    in    Ihi'    Stale    of  Chi- 
huahua     l\  .    ;/.    Seamon   Go4 

•The  .\rteaga    District.    Cliihiialina, 

L.    T.    Paeknian  r,.",(5 

The  Torreon   Smeltery (i."i7 

Peculiar    Water    I'roblem    at    Candelaria 

Mines Cleoriie  .1 .    Lainl  6.")8 

•San    .lavlcr,    an    Old    Silver    District    of 

Sonora C.   .V.  Xrlson  00(1 

Kevlval    in    Ires.    Ilerniosillo   and    Sahna- 

rlpa   Districts ir.  I,.   Wihon   001 

Points    about    .Mexican    Labor. 

Hii-ili    (I.    Klu-rn   (!fi2 

The  .\juchltlan   Mine  in  t^uereiaro 061! 

'Mining  and    Smelting   al    Acholla    Mine, 

(iiierreio If.   /I.   Iiirerens.  .Ir.   OOS 

Iron    Uesonrces   of   the    lte|)iibllc   of    Mex- 
ico  Kzeiiniel    Onlfifirz  00.") 

•The    Coke    Industry    of    .Mexico. 

Sjieiiitl    CinreHiionitenre   *i(J7 
•Coal  and  Irr>n   Explorations  in  Oaxacn. 

./.    /..     \1'.    Ilirkinliine  OOS 

the   Mexican    Ollllelds 071 

"Mineral     Uesoiiiees     of     tin-     Slate     of 

Uuerrero Williani    Xirrn    072 

iiing    along    the    Mexican    Northwest- 

'■rn    Koad 07.'> 

niies  of   Mountain   Travel   In    Mexico. 
I  Murk    It.    I.anili   070 

•Mining  and  Smelting  in  Aguascalleiiles. 

tiruno    Seirnian   07S 
'/.Inc    Mining    In    Clilliiialiiia. 
I,,.  ir.  //.  Seamon  079 

IMlnIng  Index V.HO 

Personal,  obituary  and  .»5oclctles 0.s:i 

I.dltorlal    Correspondence 0S4 

Mining   News OSO 

Markets    C'.>2 

'llltialraldl. 


Calamine  at  Leadville 


038 

041 

042 

043 
04(i 

i;4o 
o.-.i 

0.=>3 
(i.-.3 
0.-.8 


Leadville  is  perhaps  the  most  wonder- 
ful mining  camp  that  this  country  has 
known.  Worked  originally  for  the  placer 
gold  in  California  gulch,  the  "heavy 
rock"  found  in  the  sluice  boxes  led  after 
many  years  to  the  discovery  of  the 
bonanzas  of  lead-carbonate  ore  which  re- 
vived the  fallen  fortunes  of  old  Oro  and 
made  the  newly  christened  Leadville  the 
cynosure  of  mining  interest.  After  the 
carbonate  ores  were  nearly  exhausted 
mining  continued  into  the  sulphides,  as 
was  to  be  expected,  and  then  to  the  sur- 
prise of  many  the  sulphides  in  some 
places  were  found  to  become  cupriferous 
with  depth,  and  Leadville  became  a  cop- 
per producer  of  considerable  importance. 
About  the  time  when  the  camp  was 
thought  to  be  on  its  last  legs  a  remark- 
able gold  mine,  the  Little  Jonny,  was 
discovered,  and  after  that  Leadville  ob- 
tained a  new  era  of  prosperity  as  a 
shipper  of  zinc  blende.  Leadville  has 
been  one  of  the  few  mining  districts'  in 
the  United  States  that  has  produced 
bismuth  ore,  and  we  believe  there  have 
been  some  other  odds  and  ends.  Indeed 
a  rather  large  quantity  of  manganese  ore 
has  been  shipped  for  the  purpose  of  steel 
production.  Thus  we  find  this  famous 
old  mining  district  noteworthy  at  suc- 
cessive periods  as  a  producer  of  placer 
gold,  silver  and  lead,  copper,  zinc  and 
iron. 

Latterly  the  zinc-ore  production  of 
Leadville  has  dwindled  materially,  and 
most  everyone  has  thought  that  the  end 
of  Leadville  was  finally  in  sight.  But 
now  comes  the  story,  at  first  regarded  as 
a   vagary   of  distorted   imagination,   that 


in  some  of  the  oldest  mines  of  Carbonate 
hill,  a  pristine  center  of  silver-lead  pro- 
duction, what  has  heretofore — during  30 
years — been  regarded  as  worthless  coun- 
try rock  is  in  fact  rich  calamine  ore,  of 
which  large  bodies  exist.  This  news  is 
now  so  well  verified,  that  we  are  bound 
to  accept  it,  maintaining  some  reservation 
merely  as  to  the  extent  and  grade  of  the 
deposits,  which  probably  have  not  yet 
by  any  means  been  determined.  We  are 
bound  to  marvel  also  that  the  existence 
of  such  deposits  has  remained  unknown 
throughout  the  searching  geological,  min- 
eralogical  and  mining  examinations  to 
which  these  mines  have  been  subjected. 
However,  if  these  new  bodies  of  zinc 
ore  prove  to  be  as  large  and  as  rich  as 
it  is  thought  they  will  be,  their  discovery 
will  be  of  importance,  not  only  in  re- 
juvenating the  waning  mining  industry 
of  Leadville,  but  also  in  supplying  our 
zinc  smelters  with  a  much  needed  addi- 
tion to  their  resources  of  raw  material. 


The  Prospect  for  Copper 


The  prospect  for  copper,  still  shrouded 
in  uncertainty,  will  perhaps  become  clear 
during  the  next  three  months.  After  the 
curtailment  of  production  was  inaugurated 
early  in  August,  manufacturers  were  at 
first  skeptical,  which  opinion  was  strength- 
ened after  the  appearance  of  the  August 
refinery  statistics,  it  being  thoughtlessly 
neglected  that  those  could  not  by  any 
possibility  reflect  a  curtailment  begun 
only  in  August.  Since  the  reports  of 
August  production  have  been  coming  for- 
ward from  the  smelters,  it  has  become 
realized   that  curtailment  this  time  is  a 


636 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


real  thing,  but  it  has  been  asked  "What 
gain  is  there  going  to  be  from  a  curtail- 
ment of  10  or  15  per  cent,  if  consumption 
is  also  falling  off  about  10  or  15  per 
cent.?"  The  answer  is,  no  gain,  but  it  is 
questionable  whether  consumption  is  in 
reality  falling  off  materially.  Upon  this 
the  statistics  of  the  next  three  months 
will  throw  the  necessary  light. 

Reports  from  manufacturers  indicate 
a  general  continuance  of  good  business. 
In  spite  of  some  pessimistic  talk  there 
does  not  appear  to  be  any  serious  reces- 
sion. On  the  other  hand,  an  extremely 
encouraging  factor  is  the  report  that  sev- 
eral important  railway  systems  are  going 
to  do  considerable  electrification  in  the 
near  future.  It  is  said  that  the  Great 
Northern  has  decided  to  electrify  57  miles 
of  track  on  both  sides  of  the  Cascade 
tunnel;  that  the  New  York  Central  is  to 
electrify  its  line  between  Syracuse  and 
Geneva,  N.  Y.,  a  distance  of  54  miles; 
that  the  Boston  &  Maine  is  to  electrify 
its  line  through  the  Hoosac  tunnel;  that 
the  New  Haven  will  electrify  its  main 
line  between  Boston  and  Providence;  and 
that  the  Lackawanna  is  to  electrify  a  part 
of  its  line  in  order  to  utilize  power  de- 
veloped cheaply  from  the  combustion  of 
culm  in  its  coal  territory.  These  projects 
may  prove  to  be  the  beginning  of  a  new 
use  for  copper  wire  that  has  long  been 
expected. 


wealth.  The  realization  of  this  latent 
wealth  has  been  directly  due  to  the  in- 
fluence of  a  stable  and  liberal  government, 
and  no  line  of  advance  in  Mexico  is  more 
a  measure  and  monument  of  this  than  is 
the  mining  industry. 


The  Mexican  Centennial 


Dies  y  Seis  de  Septirmbre,  Mexico's 
Fourth  of  July,  this  year  has  had  the 
added  importance  of  being  the  nation's 
centenary,  and  the  occasion  has  been 
duly  and  properly  recognized  by  a 
month's  celebration  in  the  Capital  and  in 
other  parts  of  the  Republic.  The  ad- 
vanced and  satisfactory  state  of  the  min- 
ing industry  in  Mexico,  as  partly  but 
sufficiently  demonstrated  in  the  articles 
in  this  issue  of  the  Journal,  is  in  itself 
a  practical  and  striking  testimony  to  Mex- 
ico's industrial  and  commercial  progress 
and  a  measure  of  the  effective  govern- 
ment which  the  country  now  enjoys.  The 
present  epoch  in  Mexican  mining  prac- 
tically coincides  with  the  period  of  the 
direction  of  Mexican  political  affairs  by 
President  Diaz,  and  indeed  it  is  to  his 
far-sighted  public  policies  that  the  great 
advance  in  the  industry  in  the  last  quar- 
ter of  a  century  is  due.  Mexico  has  vast 
natural  resources,  including  great  mineral 


A  Contrast  in  Coal   Rates 

Two  recent  railroad  reports,  both  made 
by  companies  which  are  large  coal  car- 
riers, shows  a  sharp  contrast  in  rates  re- 
ceived on  that  class  of  business.  The 
first  is  that  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 
Company,  the  traffic  concerned  being 
chiefly  anthracite.  In  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1910,  coal  constituted 
51.6  per  cent,  of  the  tonnage  carried 
by  the  road  and  the  average  rate  received 
was  0.73c.  per  ton-mile,  which  was  0.09c. 
higher  than  the  general  freight  average. 
About  18  per  cent,  of  the  tonnage  was 
bituminous  coal  received  from  other  lines, 
on  which  rates  are  usually  lower  than  on 
anthracite.  Allowing  for  this,  the  rate  on 
the  anthracite  moved  was  about  0.85c. 
per    ton-mile. 

The  Norfolk  &  Western,  on  the  other 
hand  carries  exclusively  bituminous  coal, 
on  which  it  has  a  long  haul  in  both  di- 
rections. About  one-third  of  its  coal 
comes  to  tidewater,  and  a  little  over 
one-half  is  carried  to  the  West  and  North- 
west. Its  coal  and  coke  tonnage  last  year 
was  72.4  per  cent,  of  the  total  freight, 
and  the  average  rate  earned  was  0.263c. 
per  ton-mile.  As  this  included  the  gen- 
eral freight  also,  on  which  rates  are  usu- 
ally slightly  higher,  the  average  on  coal 
was  undoubtedly  only  a  very  little  over 
0.25c.  per  ton-mile.  On  the  coal  deliv- 
ered at  tidewater,  the  average  haul  was 
about  375  miles,  or  nearly  three  times 
as  long  as  the  tidewater  haul  on  the  Le- 
high  Valley. 

In  other  words  the  Lehigh  Valley  road 
received — accepting  its  general  average 
on  all  coal — SI.  13  per  ton  for  carrying 
coal  154  miles,  while  the  Norfolk  &  West- 
ern got  SI. 01  for  carrying  the -same  quan- 
tity 375  miles.  Some  allowance,  of 
course,  is  to  be  made  for  the  higher  pro- 
portion of  terminal  charges  on  the  short- 
er haul,  but  this  would  be  sufficient  to 
account  for  only  a  very  small  part  of  the 
great  difference  shown.  The  bituminous 
coal  is  carried  almost  three  miles  for 
what  is  costs  to  move  a  ton  of  anthracite 
one  mile.  The  bituminous-coal  road, 
however,  manages  to  make   a  profit   on 


its  low  rates  and  to  pay  dividends  on  its 
stock. 

The  explanation  of  the  great  disparity 
in  rates  is  not  new.  The  anthracite  road 
hauls  a  coal  for  which  there  is  a  steady 
demand  and  on  which  there  is  practically 
no  price  competition.  Moreover,  it  really 
owns  most  of  the  coal  it  carries,  and  the 
rates  fixed  are  in  effect  a  matter  of  book- 
keeping as  between  the  railroad  com- 
pany and  its  controlled  coal  company. 
The  bituminous  coal,  on  the  other  hand, 
is  sold  in  close  competition  with  that  from 
other  large  producing  regions,  and  must 
be  delivered  either  at  tidewater  or  in  the 
West  at  low  rates,  if  it  is  to  find  a  mar- 
ket at  all.  The  fact  remains  that  the 
contrast  in  rates  is  the  sharpest  to  be 
found    in    all    of   our    railroad    economy. 


The  German  iron  trade  is  still  in  deep 
water,  owing  to  the  uncertainty  with  re- 
gard to  the  future  of  two  of  the  syndi- 
cates which  have  influenced  the  trade  so 
largely  in  recent  years.  The  reorganiza- 
tion of  the  pig-iron  syndicate  is  com- 
plete in  form,  but  it  does  not  yet  in- 
clude furnaces  enough  to  enable  it  to 
control  the  trade.  The  Luxemburg-Lor- 
raine producers  have  so  far  declined  to 
join  the  new  organization,  and  there  are 
several  large  companies  also  which  have 
also  refused  to  come  in;  while  the  mer- 
chant furnaces  of  the  important  Sieger- 
land  district  have  taken  no  part.  Thi 
steel  syndicate  is  showing  some  signs  o 
early  disruption,  and  there  are  reports  o 
serious  dissensions  in  its  management 
The  trade  has  been  so  largely  controUei 
by  the  great  syndicates  that  anything  af 
fecting  t^'em  cannot  fail  to  be  a  cause  o 
uneasiness. 


A  newspaper  despatch  says  that  in  K 
taliation  for  the  American  tariff  on  zin 
ore  the  Mexican  Government  has  in 
creased  railway  rates  on  the  lines  runnin 
into  Texas,  so  that  zinc  ore  can  no  longe 
be  shipped  into  the  United  States  at 
profit.  It  is  hard  to  see  where  the  re 
taliation  comes  in.  The  tariff  was  put  c 
zinc  ore  at  the  behest  of  some  mining  ii 
terests  in  order  to  keep  it  out.  It  has  dt 
veloped.  however,  that  under  certain  mai 
ket  conditions  Mexican  ore  can  still  com 
in.  If  the  Mexican  government  can  clof 
this  loophole,  some  of  our  own  mining  it 
terests  will  he  pleased.  It  would  seei 
better  for  the  Mexican  Government  i 
extend  all  possible  assistance  to  the  ope 
ators  of  zinc  mines  in  that  country. 


October  1.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


637 


Calamine  at  Leadville 


E.  W.  Keith,  of  the  Empire  Zinc  Com- 
pany, who  has  recently  examined  the  new 
discovery  of  calamirie  ore  at  Leadville, 
is  authority   for  the   following: 

"We  started  at  No.  2  level,  800  ft.,  of 
the  Wolftone  and  went  through  the  old 
Maid  of  Erin  drift  running  toward  the 
Big  Chief,  and  after  going  several  hun- 
dred feet  had  to  stop,  as  the  drift  was 
closed.  The  orebody  along  this  entire 
distance  is  20  ft.  wide,  and  there  is  no 
telling  how  much  further  it  goes  beyond 
the  point  where  the  drift  is  closed.  From 
there  we  went  toward  the  old  Maid  of  Erin 
shaft  and  found  the  conditions  exactly 
the  same  with  the  same  character  of  ore, 
the  two  points  forming  two  corners  of  a 
triangle.  The  same  conditions  were 
found  at  the  Wolftone  at  the  second  level. 
The  orebodies  of  silicate  that  I  saw  in 
the  three  properties  run  from  the  part- 
ing quartzite  to  the  upper  contact,  a  dis- 
tance of  fully  400  ft.,  with  an  average 
value  of  4714  per  cent.  zinc. 

"We  then  went  to  the  Waterloo  shaft 
and  here  the  conditions  changed  as  the 
horizon  is  different  on  account  of  the 
shaft  being  only  600  ft.  deep,  and  the 
stratum  of  ore  was  found  at  the  400- ft. 
■  level,  but  I  found  the  silicate  in  place 
the  same  as  in  the  other  properties,  and 
I  have  no  doubt  it  will  carry  itself  to 
the  bedding  plane  600  ft.  away  under 
the  water  level.  At  one  place  I  could 
not  prove  the  thickness  of  the  vein  sat- 
isfactorily, but  in  other  places  it  was 
from  10  to  15  ft.  thick,  with  neither  too 
nor  bottom  in  sight.  In  the  Waterloo  it 
carries  clear  up  to  the  white  porphyry, 
and  the  grade  will  give  results  of  from 
25  to  50  per  cent,  and  when  broken  in 
large  quantities  will  average  from  30  to 
35  per  cent.  All  of  the  orebodies  seen 
are  of  good  character  and  free  from  im- 
purities, notably  free  from  lead. 

Calamine  Accompanied  by  Carbonate. 

"The  material  apparently  is  not  confined 
to  any  one  contact,  but  as  in  the  case  of 
the  Maid  of  Erin  shoot,  it  is  found  on 
both  sides  of  the  parting  quartzite,  and 
in  one  case  seemingly  on  the  footwall 
of  a  large  lead  sulphide  stope.  As  1  have 
stated  the  shoot  in  the  Waterloo  shows 
clear  up  to  the  white  porphyry,  in  some 
instances,  irregularly,  but  I  am  convinced 
it  will  be  found  in  two  contacts  below 
the  shaft  both  above  the  parting  quartz- 
ite. In  the  Big  Chief  the  vein  is  well 
defined  and  it  is  probably  a  continuation 
of  the  showing  in  the  Maid  of  Erin  and 
Adams,  although  from  70  to  80  ft.  high- 
er. I  am  firmly  convinced  that  the  purest 
ore  will  be  found  near  the  replacement 
of  the  white  limestone,  instead  of  in  the 
blue.  The  character  of  the  ore  is  not 
a  clean  silicate,  but  is  a  carbonate  and 
silicate  combined  and  1  should  judge  that 
to  cu.ft.  of  it  will  make  a  ton." 


Annual  Report  of  Montana-Tonopah 


At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Montana- 
Tonopah  Mining  Company  held  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  Sept.  13.  reports  on  operations 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  Aug.  31,  1910. 
were  submitted  by  Superintendent  E.  A. 
Collins,  and  Secretary-Treasurer  W.  B. 
Alexander. 

A  summary  of  the  year's  work  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  the  preceeding  year 
is  given  in  the  accompanying  table. 

Mining  Operations 

During  1908-09  nearly  8000  tons  of 
custom  ore  were  milled,  result- 
ing in  lower  receipts  per  ton,  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  the  grade  of 
ore  milled  was  a  trifle  better  than 
for  the  last  year.  The  cost  of 
mining  was  reduced  from  S3. 47  per  ton, 
for  1908-09.  to  S3.414,  for  1909-10,  while 
development  charges  show  an  increase 
from  Si. 645  to  SI. 814,  due  to  a  much 
larger  footage  in  new  ground. 


ing  was  reduced  to  S3.37  per  ton  treated. 
This  large  reduction  of  costs  was  largely 
effected  through  the  eificiency  of  the  mill 
force,  of  which  B.  A.  Bosqui  is  super- 
intendent. 

Financial  Statement 

The  general  summary  of  expenditures 
for  the  year  ended  Aug.  31,  1910,  shows 
that  direct  expenses  totaled  S495,187  and 
indirect  .S20.502;  grand  total,  .S515,689. 
Figured  on  a  cost-per-ton  basis  the  ex- 
penditures were:  Mining,  S3.414;  devel- 
opment, S1.814;  general  expense,  includ- 
ing salaries,  S0.543;  shipping  and  sell- 
ing. S0.054;  general  maintenance 
.S0.296;  milling,  S3.734.  The  direct 
charge  to  ore  milled  was  thus  S9.855  per 
ton,  to  which  must  be  added  SO. 408  for 
indirect  costs,  bringing  total  cost  to 
SI  0.263. 

The  receipts  for  the  year  were:  Con- 
centrates. S236.964;  bullion,  S402010; 
balance,  bills  collectible  and  supplies 
from  previous  year,  S87,209;  and  re- 
ceipts from  other  sources,  $60,636.     On 


SUMMARY    OK    YEARS    WORK. 


Tons  iiiillfd 

Ton.s  inineit 

(iross  \alu''  per  ton .  . 

Total  rfcfijjts 

Total  HxpeniJiturcs  .  . 

Total  profits 

Development  footage 


1909-1910.        Per  Ton.        1908-1909.        Per  Ton 


.10.24.1 

50.24,1 

.*1.5   22 

$6.5O,40.'j .  1 1 

$.51.")  ,689  71 

SKJ4.71.1,40 

10,681  ft. 


.?12 

94 

10 

'/tt 

2 

68 

49,450 

41,692 

S14.21 

.*574,S6.i.80 

$446,901  .99 

$127,963.:il 

8,015  ft. 


»l;i.7S 
10.72 

.i.oe 


Regarding  underground  development 
Superintendent  Collins  says:  "During 
the  year  a  total  of  10,681  ft.  of  new  work 
was  added.  No  new  veins,  or  bonanzas, 
were  discovered,  but  a  large  amount  of 
productive  work  was  done  on  the  Triangle 
and  Martha  veins,  which  resulted  in  the 
development  of  a  considerable  tonnage  of 
good  milling  ore.  Both  veins  have  been 
developed  extensively  down  to  the  4th,  or 
fil5-ft.  level.  Below  this  level  a  winze 
exposes  fairly  good  ore  for  a  depth  of 
60  ft.,  below  which  the  vein  is  apparently 
faulted.  A  drift  is  now  being  driven 
from  the  765- ft.  level  to  get  under  this 
winze,  and  connections  will  then  be  made 
with  a  raise.  This  important  work  will 
give  us  good  air,  and  demonstrate  wheth- 
er this  vein  reaches  the  5th,  or  765- ft. 
level." 

Mill  Operations 

The  40-stamp  mill  effected  an  average 
extraction  of  90.8  per  cent,  of  the  gross 
value  as  compared  with  barely  90  the 
preceding  year.  Shipments  of  concen- 
trates and  bullion  during  the  year  were  as 
follows:  1076.6  tons  of  concentrates, 
gross  value  per  ton,  S253.52;  39,- 
981  lb.  of  bullion,  average  fineness 
gold  11.6,  silver  890.6.  The  cost  of 
milling  for  the  year  figured  at  S3.734, 
which  figure  was  high  on  account  of  ex- 
cessive repair  costs  during  the  first  half- 
year.  For  the  six  months.  February  to 
July,  inclusive,  the  average  cost  of  mill- 


Aug.  31,  1910,  there  were  on  hand  sup- 
plies valued  at  S32,931  and  a  balance  of 
S177,702;  the  balance  on  hand  Aug.  31, 
1909,  was  only  S37,410. 


Meeting  of  Tariff  Board 


Washington   Correspondence 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Tariff  Board, 
in  Washington  Sept.  25,  a  conference  was 
held  with  members  of  fhe  sxecutive  com- 
mittee of  the  Association  of  Chemical 
Manufacturers  of  the  United  States.  The 
intention  of  the  board  was  to  adjust  and 
alter  the  chemical  cost  sheet  so  as  to 
adapt  it  to  the  various  lines  of  work  in 
which  it  is  to  be  used. 

It  was,  however,  demonstrated  that  the 
association  had  no  control  over  its  mem- 
bers and  it  is  doubtful  if  accurate  cost 
data  will  be  secured. 

E.  Gybbon  Spilsbury,  mining  engineer, 
of  New  York,  has  been  retained  by  the 
board  to  study  itietal  schedules,  particu- 
larly those  of  lead  and  zinc.  The  con- 
densed results  of  four  years'  investiga- 
tion by  the  Bureau  of  Corporations  will 
be  utilized  for  the  iron  and  steel  inquiry. 


One  of  the  interesting  features  prom- 
ised for  the  Ozark  Interstate  Exposition, 
to  be  held  Oct.  8  to  17.  at  Joplin,  Mo., 
is  a  "double-jack"  drilling  contest. 


638 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^ 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Hove  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


I 


Control  for  Water  Wheel 


By  R.  a.  Linton* 


A  device  shown  by  the  accompanying 
sketch  permits  turning  oiT  the  power  from 
a  waterwheel  almost  instantly  without 
causing  the  excessive  strain  in  the  pipe 
line  such  as  results  when  the  valve  con- 
trolling the  water  for  the  wheel  is  rapidly 
closed.  It  often  happens  that  when  some- 
thing breaks  or  goes  wrong,  even  after 
closing  the  control  valve  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  much  damage  would  have  been 
avoided  if  a  quicker  means  of  shutting 
off  the  power  had  been  available. 

The  device  merely  consists  of  a  pipe 
A,  about  6  in.  in  diameter  and  8  in.  long, 
placed  over  and  concentric  with  the  noz- 
zle of  the  waterwheel,  and  arranged  in 
such  a  way  that  the  stream  passes 
through    it    without    interference,    except 


J-  27i«  Enginuriiyj  ^  Minmg  Journal 

.Arrangement  for  Controlling  Water 
Wheel 

when  the  rope  D  is  pulled.  The  deflecting 
nozzle  is  supported  by  bolts  B  connected 
with  the  framework  of  the  waterwheel.  A 
stop  C  is  fastened  to  the  rod  that  controls 
the  deflector  so  as  to  hold  the  deflector 
from  cutting  the  stream  of  water  while 
the   wheel   is   in  operation. 


Tonopah  Slime  Treatment 


In  the  Desert  mill  of  the  Tonopah  Min- 
ing Company,  at  Millers,  Nev.,  the  slime 
treatment  costs  30c.  per  ton  more  than 
that  of  the  sands.  Ore  is  crushed  in  a 
4-!b.  cyanide  solution  which  is  brought 
up  to  6  lb.  in  the  final  treatment.  The 
sand  treatment  requires  14  days.  Slimes 
are  agitated  70  hours,  material  being  in 
the  plant  about  4  days.  The  water  con- 
sumption is  120  gal.  per  ton  of  ore 
treated. 

•(Jeneral  mannSPr,  fiualeala  Minos  Com- 
pany. T\ifiuerres.  Colombia,  S.  A. 


Recovering  the  Date  by  a  Sur- 
veyor's Transit 

By  a.  W.  Warwick* 


Of  all  the  vexations  experienced  by  the 
explorer  or  engineer  working  in  isolated 
places,  there  is  none  more  serious  than 
the  loss  of  the  civil  date.  Sickness,  or 
forgetting  to  tally  off  a  day,  is  apt  to 
cause  confusion  as  to  the  date,  which  is 
serious  when  using  the  ephemeris  or 
nautical  almanac  for  determination  of  the 
meridian.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
Harry  Whitney  when  left  alone  in  the 
Arctic  for  a  year  gained  13  days  in  his 
reckoning.  One  of  the  most  damning 
points  against  Doctor  Cook  was  that  on  his 
return  to  civilization  he  had  entirely  lost 
his  reckoning  and  it  is  obvious  that  un- 
der such  circumstances  his  calculations  of 
latitude  were  valueless. 

Losing  the   Date 

A  spell  of  sickness,  while  alone  among 
Indians  in  Mexico,  caused  me  to  be  un- 
certain as  to  the  date  to  within  four  or 
five  days.  It  became  necessary  to  de- 
termine the  true  meridian  on  the  sun  for 
the  purpose  of  making  a  survey.  An 
Indian  runner  was  despatched  with  a  note 
to  a  distant  town  asking  for  the  civil  date 
of  the  day  on  which  the  runner  com- 
menced his  return  trip.  The  Indian,  how- 
ever, on  his  return  met  a  party  of  Indian 
friends  with  a  barrel  of  liquor,  and  when 
he  finally  showed  up  he  had  no  idea  as 
to  how  many  days  he  had  been  on  the 
road.  The  note  he  handed  in  with  the 
date  of  his  leaving  the  town  was,  there- 
fore, useless. 

Determination  of  the  Sun's  De- 
clination 

Under  these  conditions  a  little  reflec- 
tion showed  that  if  the  sun's  declination 
could  be  determined  with  the  transit,  com- 
parison with  an  ephemeris  would  give  the 
correct  civil  date.  The  meridian  altitude 
of  the  sun  can  be  calculated  from  the 
formula, 

Alt.  =  go dcg.  hit.  +  dec. 

By  determining  the  meridian  altitude  of 
the  sun  and  knowing  the  latitude  of  the 
place,  this  equation  can  be  solved  for  the 
declination.  The  latitude  was  determined 
by  a  Polaris  method  devised  by  me 
in  which  the  date  was  unnecessary.  A 
meridian  line  was  laid  out  at  the  same 
time.     When   the   sun   crossed   this   me- 


ridian its  altitude  was  determined  in  the 
ordinary  way.  The  equation  given  was 
then  easily  solved  and  by  comparing  the 
result  with  the  ephemeris,  the  date  was 
determined  beyond  any  question  of  doubt. 
The  following  is  the  calculation  made: 

Latitude  of  place  N.   26  deg.   4   min. 

Longitude,   approximately   108   deg.    W. 
Deg.  Min. 

Meridian    altitude   of   sun 47       51 

Latitude     26      04 


73  55 

90  00 

Approximate  declination  of  sun  16  05 
Epliemeris   gave   declination    of 

sun  Tuesday.  Feb.  o,  1UU7.  as  16  10 
Correction   for  7.2   lir.   west  45 

sec.    X    7.2  equals 55 


Sec. 

00 

00 

00  . 
00 

00 

41 

24 


Correct  declination  at  lon- 
gitude 108  deg.   west...    16      05       17 

The  date  of  observation  was,  therefore. 
Tuesday,  Feb.  5,  1907.  This  method  il- 
lustrates what  a  really  wonderful  instru- 
ment the  transit  is  and  how  many  prob- 
lems can  be  solved  by  it  with  a  little  in- 
genuity. 


Sampling  Screen  Driven  by  Com- 
pressed Air 


Several  interesting  labor-saving  devices 
are  used  in  the  fine-grinding  room  of  the 
sampling  works  of  the  Cananea  Con- 
solidated Copper  Company.  One  of  these 
is  an  air-actuated  sampling  screen.  It 
consists  of  an  ordinary  screen  held  in 
a  light  steel  frame,  attached  to  the  piston 
of  a   small   air   hammer. 


Frame  to  hold  Screen 


Air  Cylinder, 


-7- 


Fixed  Steel      Side  View        \ 
Plate 


•Mining    engineer,    Mcl'hee   building,    Den- 
ver,  Colo. 


T'le  Er.g^teerin J  i .Wmng  Journal 


Sampling  Screen  Driven  By  Com- 
pressed Air 

The  usual  80-mesh  screen  with  the 
sample  in  it  is  placed  in  the  frame.  The 
attendant  turns  on  the  air  and  merely 
holds  his  hand  on  the  screen,  steadying 
it  in  its  back  and  forth  motion.  The  stroke 
is  about  1 '  '■  in.  and  the  compressed  ftir 
is  taken  from  a  main  at  about  80  lb.  pres- 
sure. With  this  device  it  is  possible  to 
screen  from  50  to  tiO  samples  per  hour 
while  formerly  a  Mexican  screened  only 
from  20  to  25  per  hour. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


639 


Tram   Car    with    Automatic    Door         Unwatering     Flooded     Mi 


mes 


A  tram  car  with  an  automatically  open- 
ing and  closing  door  has  been  constructed 
under  the  direction  of  A.  J.  Cuminings, 
superintendent  of  the  Cheever  Iron  Ore 
Company,  operating  near  Mineville,  N.  Y. 
Previous  to  the  use  of  a  car  rigged  with 
a  door  in  this  manner,  a  door  was  used 
which  required  the  tram  man  to  open  it 
before  entering  the  tipple.  If  the  door 
would  not  open,  as  was  often  the  case, 
the  loaded  car  had  such  momentum  that 
it  would  enter  the  tipple  and  turn  to  the 
dumping  angle,  thus  making  it  difficult 
to  open  the  door.  Trips  were  attached  to 
the  tipple  to  open  the  door,  but  nothing 
could  be  rigged  conveniently  to  close  the 
doors  mechanically.  Open-end  cars,  de- 
signed by  Koppel,  were  used,  but  these 
required  extra  care  in  loading  large  lumps 
of  ore  at  the  open  end  to  prevent  the 
fine  ore  from  rolling  out  on  the  tram 
tracks.     It  was  necessary  to  have  the  car 


By  D.  Lamont* 


It  often  occurs  in  opening  an  old  mine 
that  a  considerable  quantity  of  water  has 
to  be  removed.  I  propose  to  give  a  few 
details  and  hints,  gleaned  from  actual  ex- 
perience as  to  plant  required  for  this 
work,  its  installation  and  working.  I  do 
not  propose  to  deal  with  elaborate  and 
costly  installations,  such  as  have  been 
used  in  some  cases,  but  confine  myself 
to  the  style  of  plant  in  more  common  use, 
and  which,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  would 
be  used  in  a  medium  undertaking  by  the 
average  engineer  with  an  eye  to  economy 
in  first  cost. 

Estimating  Quantity  of  Water 

Before    definitely   settling   on   the   size 

and  capacity  of  the  pumps  required,  the 

size    of    the    shaft    and    available    space 

must  be  considered.     It  is  also  necessary 


Side  Elevation  One-half  Front  Elevation 

r/(*  Enffineti-iny  t Mining  Journal 

Tram  Car  Equipped  with  Automatic      End  Door 


fitted    with    a    door    in    order   to    load    to 
full  capacity. 

Regular  Cars  Rigged  with  Automati- 
cally Operated  Doors 

The  Koppel  cars  were  then  rigged  with 
the  automatically  operated  doors  and 
these  have  been  entirely  satisfactory. 
Iron  plates  are  tapped  and  riveted  near 
the  top  and  center  of  the  sides  of  the 
car  and  to  these  lugs  are  screwed.  Two 
arms  of  flat  iron  are  attached  to  the  lugs 
and  extend  out  to  the  front  end  where 
they  are  split  and  riveted  to  the  door. 
On  the  horizontal  center  line  of  the  door 
a  strip  of  flat  iron  is  riveted  and  the  ends 
are  swedged  to  1-in.  diameter  to  receive 
the  rollers  A.  The  door  is  kept  in  posi- 
tion by  resting  on  two  supports  formed 
by  splitting  the  flange  of  the  channels  at 
the  end  of  the  car  and  bending  them  to 
the  proper  angle.  As  the  car  enters  the 
tipple  and  dumps,  the  rollers  carrying 
the  door  are  guided  in  a  horizontal 
course  by  riding  on  4x5-in.  maple  pieces 
B  bolted  to  each  side  of  the  tipple  frame. 


to  ascertain  the  amount  of  water  the  mine 
is  producing,  and  add  a  percentage  to 
allow  for  extra  water  by  seepage  from 
surface  during  heavy  rains  or  melting 
snow. 

Many  mines  have  an  adit  level  com- 
municating with  the  shaft  as  low  as  the 
contour  of  the  country  will  permit.  The 
amount  of  water  flowing  from  the  adit 
is  generally  a  fair  guide  to  the  amount 
or  excess  water  which  the  mine  is  yield- 
ing. This  may  be  measured  by  an  ordin- 
ary weir. 

Type  of   Pump 

In  ordering  a  pump,  a  good  margin 
must  be  allowed  on  its  capacity  for  the 
excess  water.  Of  the  different  types  of 
sinking  pumps  little  need  be  said,  as  all 
have  their  particular  merits,  and  an  en- 
gineer or  pumpman  will  generally  swear 
by  the  particular  type  of  pump  with 
which  he  has  had  most  experience.  I 
consider  it  a  good  policy  to  give  an  ex- 

•St.  .Tolin  (lol  Key  Mlnlne  romponv.  I.ld^ 
Mniin  Vi'lHo.   Jflnas  Gpraos.   Brazil. 


perienced  pumpman  his  choice  of  pump. 

Most  sinking  putnps  can  be  driven  with 
either  steam  or  air,  or  both  together,  as 
I  have  seen  done.  The  steam  heats  the  air. 
and  increases  its  efficiency  considerably. 
If  the  distance  between  the  boilers  and 
pump  is  not  too  great,  the  combination 
of  air  and  steam  prevents  freezing  of  the 
exhaust,  which  is  often  a  great  trouble  in 
pumps  using  compressed  air  only.  Com- 
pressed air  is  expensive,  as  it  involves  the 
use  of  steam  or  other  power  to  work  the 
compressors.  The  losses  in  efficiency 
through  friction  in  pipes,  leaks,  etc.,  is 
also  considerable,  and  although  com- 
pressed air  is  a  boon  in  a  mine,  it  is  not 
always  convenient  in  the  initial  stages  of 
unwatering  the  mine.  Steam  power  is 
most  favored  to  begin  with,  as  fuel  for 
boilers  is  obtainable  in  most  parts  of 
the  world. 

The  boiler  ordered,  should  be  a  little  in 
excess  of  the  actual  horsepower  required, 
and  of  a  type  suitable  for  transport  if 
the  mine  is  situated  at  a  distance  from 
the  railway  or  waterway.  The  boilers 
should  be  placed  as  near  to  the  shaft  as 
space   and   solid   ground    will    allow. 

Repairing  Shaft 

If  the  mine  has  been  shut  down  for  a 
good  many  years,  it  is  possible  that  the 
shaft  timbers  have  rotted,  or  fallen  in, 
and  it  is  always  safe  to  begin  by  putting 
in  a  good  collar  set,  well  spread,  and 
carrying  two  or  three  sets  down  on  hang- 
ing bolts.  The  collar  set  should  be  placed 
a  little  above  the  ground  level,  and  the 
ground  sloped  outward,  to  prevent  water 
from  entering  the  shaft. 

A  temporary  headgear  should  then  be 
erected  over  the  shaft  to  carry  the  weight 
of  the  pump.  A  small  steam  winch 
should  be  rigged  in  line  with  the  pulley 
for  use  in  lowering  and  raising  men  and 
materials. 

A  crosshead  is  useful;  the  light 
timber  guides  of  this  should  be  carried 
down  as  the  work  of  unwatering  pro- 
ceeds. A  signal  line  should  also  be  fitted 
in  the  shaft,  and  a  code  of  signals  ar- 
ranged. If  the  sides  of  the  shaft  are  in 
good  condition  it  may  not  be  necessary 
to  carry  down  the  timber  sets,  and,  in  that 
case,  the  only  timber  required  would  be 
the  chain-block  timbers,  and  bearers  for 
the  pump  hangers,  and  cross  timbers  to 
carry  the  guides  for  the  crosshead.  These 
should  be  wedged  into  hitches  cut  in  the 
wall.  Cross  timbers  should  also  be 
placed  every  50  ft.  or  so,  to  carry  the 
weight  of  the  steam  and  water  pipes. 
The  pipes  are  supported  by  clamps.  It 
is  a  good  plan  to  arrange  platforms  and 
ladders  in  the  pumping  compartment  for 
execijting  repairs,  and  to  serve  as  an  exit 
for  the  men,  in  the  event  of  any  accident. 

Placing  the  Pumps  in  Positioi^ 

A  hand  crab-winch  should  he  well 
anchored  at  the  surface.  The  pump 
should    be   hung   on   this    with    a    fiexible 


640 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


wire  rope  passing  over  the  pulley,  and 
lowered  through  the  hoist  compartment. 
When  the  pump  has  been  lowered 
into  position  and  hung  with  a 
set  of  chain  blocks  in  the  pumping 
compartment,  the  rope  should  be  passed 
over  the  other  pulley  and  down  the  pump 
compartment  and  secured  to  the  hanger 
chain  by  a  strong  shackle.  In  this  way 
the  pump  is  always  in  hand,  and,  in  the 
event  of  water  rising  in  the  shaft,  it  is 
generally  possible  to  lift  the  pump  out  of 
the  water. 

Sometimes,  even  in  the  case  of  steam 
pumps,  a  pump  can  be  made  to  work 
under  water  and  clear  itself.  I  re- 
call a  case  in  point  where  a  steam  pump 
was  covered  with  six  feet  of  water.  When 
steam  was  turned  on  it  started  easily,  and 
got  the  water  down  to  the  previous  level. 
This  was  the  Tangye  Cameron  pump  with 
a  capacity  of  15,000  gal.  per  hour  work- 
ing against  a  head  of  400  ft.,  the  exhaust 
being  led  to  surface.  The  exhaust  is 
sometimes  carried  into  the  water.  This 
arrangement  has  a  tendency  to  heat  the 
water  and  any  escaping  steam  makes  it 
uncomfortable  for  the  men.  Suction  con- 
densers take  up  too  much  room  under  the 
pump,  and  interfere  with  its  efficient 
working.  I  have  always  found  it  the 
best  plan  to  carry  the  exhaust  to  the  sur- 
face, although  it  entails  a  little  more 
work  and  extra  piping. 

Sinking  pumps  are  generally  fitted  with 
heavy  hangers  and  hooks  to  take  the  tim- 
bers top  and  bottom.  With  heavy  heads, 
however,  the  vibration  of  the  pump  is 
sometimes  so  great  that  it  is  necessary  to 
supply  extra  support  in  the  shape  of  an 
extra  timber  from  the  opposite  wall. 

Use  of  Suction  Hose 

The  suction  hose  is  generally  a  great 
source  of  trouble,  and  it  is  not  always 
convenient  to  use  an  iron-pipe  suction  as, 
in  the  event  of  meeting  with  debris  it  is 
essential  that  a  suction  can  be  shifted. 
Rubber  suction  hose  as  supplied  by  the 
makers  should  not  be  put  into  a  shaft 
without  being  protected  with  tarred  rope, 
or  wound  with  light  chain  of  about  3/16- 
in.  link.  If  tarred  rope  is  used,  the  end 
should  be  passed  through  the  bight  at 
each  turn.  It  should  not  be  pulled  too 
tight  on  account  of  subsequent  shrinkage 
of  the  rope  in  the  water.  Securing  the 
rope  at  each  turn  in  this  way  prevents 
it  becoming  unwound  should  it  be  cut  in 
any  part.  A  foot  valve  and  strainer 
should  be  used  with  a  strong  rope  at- 
tached, the  end  being  secured  near  the 
pump  platform,  this  greatly  facilitates 
the  handling  of  the  suction  hose. 

Lubrication  and  Valves 

It  is  always  best  to  lubricate  the  cylin- 
der and  slide  valves  from  the  boiler  room, 
or,  at  any  rate,  from  surface.  For  this 
purpose  a  one-pint  sight-feed  lubricator 
should  be  fitted  on  the  main  steam  pipe. 
A    '<-in.    or   a    l^-in.    valve    should    he 


placed  on  the  lower  end  of  the  steam 
pipe,  near  the  pump,  to  blow  out  any 
water  when  starting  up  after  a  stoppage. 
A  check  valve  should  be  placed  in  the 
water  column  immediately  above  the  air 
vessel,  or,  failing  this,  a  small  pipe  con- 
nection and  valve  to  empty  the  column 
when  it  is  required  to  open  the  water  end 
for  repairs. 

AI!  bends  or  sharp  angles  should  be 
avoided  in  the  water  column.  At  the  top 
of  the  shaft  or  wherever  the  water  is 
delivered  a  T  should  be  placed  so  as  to 
give  free  exit  to  the  air. 

Be  Prepared  for  Emergencies 

A  spare  pump  of  a  similar  type  should 
be  kept  in  working  order  at  the  surface 
ready  to  lower  in  case  of  a  bad  break- 
down. Metal  valves  and  seatings  are  not 
suitable  for  gritty  water  and  in  the  case 
of  rubber-composition  valves  no  time 
should  be  lost  in  turning  or  changing 
them  if  they  are  in  any  way  leaky.  It 
is  bad  economy  to  continue  pumping  with 
defective  suction  or  delivery  valves.  A 
good  stock  of  these  should  be  kept  on 
hand,  and  as  many  spare  working  parts 
as  possible. 

As  the  water  is  lowered,  the  different 
working  levels  should  be  thoroughly  ex- 
plored to  see  ihat  no  bodies  of  water 
have  been  held  back  by  falls  of  ground 
or  other  causes  and  which  would  be  likely 
to  break  away  later  on  and  cause  damage, 
besides  endangering  the  lives  of  the  men 
in  the   shaft. 

Points  to  be  Observed 

It  is  wise  to  keep  under  the  head 
specified  by  the  makers  and  when  this 
limit  has  been  reached  the  pump  should 
Be  securely  fixed  near  a  level  in  which 
a  tank  should  be'made  either  by  damming 
a  portion  of  the  level  with  concrete  or 
by  cutting  out  the  floor  or  side.  Another 
pum.p  should  then  be  installed  to  con- 
tinue the  work  deeper.  The  steam 
piping  should  be  large  enough  to  supply 
the  number  of  pumps  considered  neces- 
sary to  unwater  the  mine,  and  it  is  better 
to  put  this  in  at  the  beginning  and  save 
the  trouble  of  changing  later  on.  A  book 
should  be  kept  by  the  pumpmen  in  which 
should  be  noted:  The  running  time; 
stoppages;  causes;  and  the  depth  the 
water  is  lowered  in  each  shift. 

Tapping     Old     Workings     fro.m     New 
Shafts 

Another  system  of  unwatering  old 
workings  is  to  sink  a  shaft  in  virgin 
ground  to  a  depth  below  the  level  of  the 
bottom  of  the  old  workings,  and  tapping 
the  water  by  a  drill  hole  which  is  plugged 
with  a  special  form  of  plug  and  valve. 
The  water  is  then  under  control,  and  can 
be  drained  into  the  sump  of  the  new  shaft 
and  pumped  to  surface.  This  system  re- 
quires a  large  outlay  of  capital,  but,  is 
often  advisable,  especially  in  the  case  of 
extensive  and  dangerous  workings. 


Preventing  Twisting  and  Swinging 
of  Fall  Block  on  a  Derrick 


A  simple  method  of  keeping  the  fall 
block  on  a  derrick  from  twisting  is  de- 
scribed in  Engineering-Contracting.  Aug. 
10,  1910.  As  shown  by  the  accompanying 
sketch,  one  end  of  a  cable  with  about 
two  feet  of  slack  is  fastened  as  close  as 
possible  to  the  sheave  near  the  top  of  the 
bt,om,  and  the  other  end  is  anchored  about 
10  to   15  ft.  from  the  base  of  the  boom. 

Two  flat  pieces  of  iron  about  '4X'jx24 
in.  are  fastened  together  with  two  sheaves 
between  them,  one  sheave  at  each  end,  as 
shown  in  the  sketch.  This  is  then  put 
on  the  derrick  with  the  slack  cable,  the 
fall  line  passing  between  the  sheaves. 
This  guide  slides  up  and  down  on  the 
cables,  as  the  boom  is  lowered  or  raised. 


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Guiding  Device  for  Fall  Block 

Besides  preventing  the  twisting  of  the 
blocks  it  also  serves,  to  some  extent,  in 
preventing  the  load  from  swinging. 


Saw  Sampler  for  Copper  Bars 

Copper  bars  are  sampled  at  Cananea 
with  a  series  of  six  parallel  saws  held 
in  a  framework.  The  bar  is  inserted  and 
cut  halfway  through.  An  electric  attach- 
ment rings  a  bell  notifying  the  attendant 
that  the  saw  should  be  stopped.  The  brr 
is  then  turned  over  and  cut  on  the  other 
side  halfway  between  the  first  cuts.  The 
device  saves  considerable  labor  and  gives 
a  more  accurate  sample  than  the  rip 
saw  that  was  formerly  used. 


At  the  Robinson  mine,  on  the  Rand, 
bore  holes  eight  and  nine  feet  long  are 
now  used  in  breaking  ore  from  the  wide 
stopes  of  the  South  reef. 


October  1,  I9I0. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


641 


Operations  at  the  Mexico  Mines  of  El  Oro 


The  report  of  the  Mexico  Mines  of  E! 
Ore,  Ltd.,  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1910,  details  the  operations  and  im- 
portant developments  at  this  newest  of 
the  mines  of  El  Oro  district,  in  the  State 
of  Mexico. 

During  the  year  the  company  reports 
a  realized  profit  £154,990,  out  of  which 
was  paid  dividends  amounting  to  £214,391 
leaving  after  all  fixed  costs  were  de- 
ducted and  £8000  written  off  plant  cost, 
£63,497  balance  in  the  treasury.  The 
total  plant  expenditure  to  June  30,  1910, 
was  £103,034,  of  which  £62,179  have  been 
written  off  and  also  cost  of  preliminary 
development,    amounting    to    £50,963,    a 


treated  at  the  mine.  All  of  this  high- 
grade  ore,  with  the  exception  of  45  tons, 
came  from  the  West  Sulphide  vein. 

The  extensive  development  is  set  forth 
in  detail.  In  depth  the  orebody  has  been 
developed  by  two  winzes,  one  near  the 
South  shaft  reached  the  eighth  level  and 
showed  an  average  of  S47  gold  and  40  oz. 
silver,  the  other  nearly  826  gold  and  27 
oz.  silver  at  a  depth  of  30  feet. 

Shaft   Sinking  and   Development 

The  main  or  South  shaft  has  been  sunk 
to  the  eighth  level  and  has  a  depth  of 
1350  ft.  The  Auxiliary  shaft  has  also 
been    carried    down   to   the    eighth    level. 

North  Shaft 


5.9  oz.  silver.  With  regard  to  the  average 
ore  grade,  it  must  be  taken  into  consid- 
eration that  on  the  seventh  and  eighth 
levels  the  development  on  the  West  Sul- 
phide is  relatively  much  further  advanced 
than  on  the  lower-grade  ore  of  the  Main 
and  Footwall  veins.  For  that  reason, 
during  the  coming  year  later  development 
on  these  levels  will  probably,  while  add- 
ing to  the  reserves,  lower  the  average  ore 
grade  as  now  expressed. 

Milling  and  Cyaniding 

The  mill  made  a  remarkably  steady 
run,  reaching  97.8  per  cent,  of  the  full 
time.     The    ore    crushed    was    increased 


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Hanginsr-wall 
Vein  Stope 

West  Sulphide 
Vein 


Scale  =  400  Feet  to  1  Inch 
100  0  >00  200  300  toe  Feet 

II'  It 


No.  8  Level_ 

Tht  f^niftneerinif  f  Mining  Jttirn^  I 

Projection  on  Sections  of  Main  and  West  Sulphide  Veins  of  Mexico  Mines  of  El  Oro 


total  for  redemption  of  capital  of  £113,- 
142,  all  out  of  profits. 

Ore    Extraction 

The  quantity  of  ore  broken  shows  an 
increase  of  over  50,000  tons  as  compared 
with  the  preceding  year,  and  the  total 
amounts  to  138,266  tons.  Of  the  milling 
grade  ore  produced  during  the  year  by 
stoping  and  development,  135,766  tons 
were  sent  to  the  mill  and  2500  tons  were 
placed  in  reserve  on  the  ore  dump.  In 
addition  860  tons  of  high-grade  ore  have 
been  mined,  253  tons  of  which  were  ship- 
ped to  the  smeltery,  and  607  tons  were 


The  North  ventilating  shaft  has  attained 
a  depth  of  500  ft.,  and  will,  as  soon  as 
connection  with  the  working  level  is 
made,  greatly  improve  the  ventilation  of 
the  mine.  Including  this  shaft  sinking, 
the  total  of  development  for  the  year 
amounts  to  95.58  ft.,  as  compared  with  the 
corresponding  figure  of  3791  ft.  done  dur- 
ing the  previous  12  months.  Of  this  foot- 
age, 2921  ft.  was  in  ore  averaging  $24.94 
gold,   and    18.9  oz.   silver. 

Ore  Reserves 

The    ore    now    developed    amounts   to 
283,735   tons,   averaging   S9.,S7   gold    and 


nearly  100  tons  per  day,  as  compared 
with  the  year  before.  During  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  the  high-grade  sulphide 
ore,  previously  shipped  to  the  smeltery, 
was  cyanided  separately,  with  the  result 
of  greatly  increasing  the  net  profits  from 
this  rich  ore.  By  giving  it  special  treat- 
ment, average  extractions  of  97.47  per 
cent,  of  gold  and  91.37  per  cent,  of  silver 
were  obtained,  or  a  saving  of  total  con- 
tent amounting  to  96.14  per  cent.  The 
high-grade  ore  so  treated  was  607  tons, 
yielding  bullion  to  the  sum  of  ."^60.749, 
which  amount  is  included  in  the  total  pro- 
duction.     In    addition,   253   tons   shipped 


642 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


to  the  smeltery,  with  gross  valuation  of 
S49.693,  yielded  S40,I80  net  profit. 

The  report  of  General  Manager  A.  F. 
Main  includes  the  operating  details  by 
month.  The  yearly  totals  of  the  mill  and 
cyanide  statement  are  as  follows:  Tons 
crushed,  136,372;  assay  value, gold, S8. 31, 
silver,  .'53.24;  theoretical  extraction,  gold, 
80.20  per  cent,  silver,  88.37  per  cent., 
total  88.37  per  cent.;  actual  recovery, 
gold,  90.64  per  ce.:t.,  silver,  82.78  per 
cent.,  total,  88.43  per  cent.  The  total 
realized  was:  Gold,  51,026,923;  silver, 
5365,413;  total,  51,392,336. 

The  detailed  statement  of  workingcosts, 
also  by  months,  show:  Tonnage,  136,- 
372  tons;  mining  cost  per  ton,  51.62;  de- 
velopment, 51.02;  milling,  0.23;  cyanid- 
ing,  51.04;  water  supply,  0.02;  general 
expense,  0.25;  taxes,  0.50;  other  ex- 
penses bring  the  total  cost  up  to  54.75. 
In  the  total  costs  a  reduction  of  nearly  51 
per  ton  was  made  over  the  previous 
year.  All  departments  contributed  toward 
this  reduction,  hut  the  greatest  cut  was  in 
the  cost  of  mining.  Development  showed 
p.  total  expenditure  of  540,000  more  than 
in  the  previous  year,  but  there  was  two 
and  one-half  times  as  much  work  done. 


Mexican    Geographical    and    Geo- 
detic Surveys 

The  Mexican  geographical  commission 
has  finished  the  printing  of  the  general 
map  of  the  republic  for  1910  and  the  wall 
map  of  the  State  of  Morelos.  The  com- 
mission has  also  published  six  more 
separate  maps  of  divisions  of  the  general 
map,  to  a  scale  of  1  100,000.  It  has 
fixed  astronomically  the  situation  of  49 
points  in  the  State  of  Chihuahua,  Coa- 
huila,  Durango,  Oaxaca  and  Yucatan  and 
has  determined  the  elevation  above  sea- 
level  of  182  other  points  and  has  effected 
tachymetrical  surveys  of  an  aggregate 
distance  of  7700  km.  with  a  view  to  the 
formation  of  new  maps  of  separate  por- 
tions of  our  territory. 

The  geodetic  commission  has  continued 
its  work  of  triangulation  for  the  survey  of 
an  arc  of  meridian  98  deg.  west  of  Green- 
wich. It  has  also  completed  a  project  of 
triangulation  along  parallel  of  latitude  25 
deg.  30  m.  north,  between  Guanacevi  and 
Monterey,  and  made  observations  as  to 
gravity  at  Zacatlan,  Tlaxcala,  Chalchico- 
mula  and  Orizaba,  besides  doing  its  in- 
door work,  including  all  the  required  cal- 
culations. 


N^ 


ew 


concessions   in 


M, 


exico 


A  concession  was  granted  March  19, 
1910,  for  the  exploration  of  the  subsoil 
of  the  national  territory,  in  Mexico,  from 
a  scientific  and  industrial  point  of  view, 
by  means  of  deep  borings,  the  conces- 
sionaries undertaking  to  invest  in  the 
work  the  sum  of  600,000  pesos. 

Another  concession    was    granted    on 


April  20,  1910,  for  the  establishment  of 
zinc  smelteries  in  the  Republic  and  allied 
industries,  such  as  the  production  of  zinc 
in  pigs  and  sheets  or  in  the  filiform  state, 
etc. 

Another  concession,  issued  on  March 
19,  1910,  grants  franchises  for  sur- 
veys looking  to  the  discovery  of  oil  in 
the  northern  portion  of  the  territory  of 
Lower  California. 

Franchises  were  granted  for  a  Japanese 
exposition  in  Mexico  City  in  order  to  fa- 
miliarize the  Mexican  people  with  the 
manufactures  of  Japan,  which  henceforth 
can  be  imported  direct,  owing  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  line  of  steamships  be- 
tween Japanese  and  Mexican  ports. 


El  Chico  District,  Hidalgo,  Mexico 

By  Luis  Pascoe* 


The  district  of  Atotonilco  el  Chico,  or 
El  Chico,  as  it  is  better  known,  lies  about 
six  miles  north  of  Pachuca,  in  the  State 
of  Hildalgo.  It  is  connected  with 
Pachuca  by  a  mountain-wagon  road,  built 
at  a  cost  of  570,000.  The  district  is  on 
the  northern  slope  of  the  Sierra  de 
Pachuca  and  has  a  moist,  mild  climate, 
quite  different  from  that  of  the  camp  of 
Pachuca.  The  elevation  of  El  Chico  vil- 
lage is  8012  ft',  above  sea  level  and  of 
Pachuca  8030  ft.  and  the  intervening 
sierra  rises  to  10,830  feet. 

Eruptive  Tertiary  Rocks  Similar  to 
Those  of  Pachuca 

El  Chico  district  is  geologically  similar 
to  Pachuca  and  is  formed  chiefly  of  erup- 
tive rocks  mostly  andesite,  rhyolite  and 
basalt,  in  age  ranked  as  name.  The 
veins  are  found  mostly  in  the  andesite 
area  in  El  Chico  as  at  Pachuca  and  at 
Real  del  Monte. 

In  the  El  Chico  are  two  principal  par- 
allel veins — the  Arevalo  and  San  Pedro, 
the  latter  on  the  south  and  both  dipping 
to  the  south.  These  correspond  to  the 
"mother"  veins  of  the  Pachuca  district, 
the  Viscaina  and  Tapona.  The  chief  con- 
tent of  all  these  veins  is  silver  but  in 
El  Chico  veins  more  gold  is  found  than 
in  the  Pachuca  veins.  All  of  the  ore 
may  be  cyanided  with  good  results  as  to 
cost  and  saving. 

Ei.  Chico  Mines  Worked  Before  Span- 
ish Conquest 
The  mines  of  El  Chico  were  undoubt- 
edly worked  before  the  Sanish  conquest. 
Archives  in  the  church  at  EI  Chico  record 
the  beginning  of  operations  by  the  Span- 
ish in  1.S21.  In  the  early  part  of  the  last 
century  the  German  house  of  Eherfeld 
operated  mines  at  El  Chico  and  also  at 
Zimapan,  Bonanza  and  Capula.  The  ore 
from  all  these  camps  was  treated  at  the 
"Plan  Grande"  inill  at  El  Chico,  the  ruins 
of  which  can  yet  be  seen  about  1000  ft. 
from  the  mouth   of  the  modern   Nepton 

•ri  riilcn.  Hidalsn.  Mpxico. 


tunnel.  The  patio  process  was  used  and 
power  was  derived  from  great  overshot 
water  wheels.  The  Germany  company 
sold  its  interests  to  the  ReviUa  family 
and  the  mines  were  again  transferred  to 
Thomas  Mancera,  father  of  Don  Gabriel 
Mancera,  the  present  owner  and  the 
backer  of  the  notable  Nepton-tunnel  en- 
terprise. 

The  Arevalo,  one  of  the  mines  owned 
by  Sr.  Mancera,  has  a  record  of  being 
continuously  w-orked  for  over  100  years 
without  a  shutdown,  and  today  at  a  depth 
of  530  m.  shows  no  signs  of  exhaustion 
of  the  ore  in  the  vein  or  diminution  in 
its  grade. 

Among  the  other  principal  mines 
worked  in  the  last  half  century  are  the 
Artejea,  Fortuna,  San  Antonio,  El 
Rico,  San  Jose,  La  Laguna,  San  Rae- 
fael.  El  Torno,  Gran  Campafiia,  Mar- 
quis Solo,  San  Isidero,  San  Nicholas, 
San  Tomas,  El  Porvenir,  San  Pascual, 
Tetitlan  and  San  Marcial.  These  have 
yielded  a  large  tonnage  of  ore  and 
are  extensively  developed.  Ores  from 
these  mines  kept  nine  haciendas 
going  and  before  the  modern  smelting 
plants  came  into  the  market,  the  high- 
grade  ore  was  treated  in  Indian  furnaces 
called  chacuacos,  of  which  more  than  15 
were  in  operation  up  to  25  years  ago. 

Driving  Nepton    Tunnel    to  Unvcater 
Arevalo  Mine 

The  most  important  work  being  carried 
on  at  the  present  in  the  district  is  the 
Nepton  tunnel,  started  in  1895,  by  Gab- 
riel Mancera,  to  develop  and  unwater  the 
Arevalo  mine.  It  is  now  2169  m.  long 
and  is  being  advanced  40  m.  per  month. 
It  should  cut  the  Arevalo  vein  within  a 
month  and  at  a  depth  of  370  m.  The 
plan  is  to  continue  it  to  cut  the  San 
Pedro  vein  about  40  m.  south  of  the  Are- 
valo vein.  The  tunnel  has  cut  56  veins 
in  all  and  has  effected  the  unwatering 
of  all  the  district  north  of  the  Arevalo 
vein. 

The  principal  interests  in  the  districts 
today  are  the  Mancera  company,  con- 
trolling the  Arevalo  mine  and  the  Nepton 
Milling  Company,  largely  owned  by  the 
Ludlow  brothers,  this  company  having  ex- 
tensive holdings  and  also  operating  under 
leases  the  famous  Tetitlan  mine,  owned 
by  Julian  Perez  Duarte;  the  Fortuna 
companv,  a  local  organization  in  bon-' 
anza,  and  the  R.  H.  Lyman  company, 
owning  the  Aguila  de  Oro,  Las  Monjas 
and  Cuahtemoc,  in  all  134  pertenencias. 
The  Las  Monjas  claims  are  on  an  exten- 
sion of  the  San  Pedro  vein  of  the  Tetitlan 
and  the  Cuahtemoc  claims  cover  the  Are- 
valo and  San  Pedro  "mother"  veins  on 
the  course  of  the  Nepton  tunnel. 

Plans  for  the  active  operation  of  sev- 
eral other  properties  in  the  district  are 
being  made  and  a  new  custom  mill  will 
be  installed.  The  district  has  abundant 
water  power  and  labor  is  efficient  and 
cheap. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


643 


San  Rafael  y  Anexas  Mining  Company,  Pachuca 

Total  Ore  Broken,  1,490,983  Tons  Averaging    1080  Grams  Silver  and 
4  Grams    Gold    per   Metric   Ton;  Vizcaina  Orebody  3  to  4  m.  Wide 


B    Y 


E. 


G     I     R     A     U     L     T 


The  San  Rafael  y  Anexas  Mining  Com- 
pany is  a  Mexican  corporation,  organized 
Aug.  31,  1874,  by  Messrs.  Jose  Marie 
Barros,  Jose  Olmedo  y  Lama  and  Jose 
Sebastian  Segura.  The  capital  of  the 
company  is  60.000  pesos,  having  never 
been  increased.  It  is  largely  through  the 
efforts  and  financial  support  of  the  late 
Jose  M.  Barros  that  the  San  Rafael  y 
Anexas  property  has  been  developed  into 
such  a  profitable  mine.  The  holdings  of 
the  company  are:  The  San  Rafael, 
Sorpresa,  Soledad,  Previsora,  Ampliacion 
de  San  Rafael.  Barros.  and  Polo  Norte, 
123  percenencias  in  all.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Barros,  all  are  ai'iadas, 
or  controlled  on  a  working  contract. 

Produced  Ore   Four  Years  after   For- 
mation OF  Company 

The  San  Rafael  mine  commenced  to 
produce  ore  in  1878,  the  Sorpresa  in  1891 


rent  expenses  and  paid  out  of  mine  prof- 
its. 

LoviER  Grade  Ore  Payable  Since  Erec- 
tion OF  Mill 

Prior  to  1909  about  1000  grams  of  sil- 
ver per  ton  were  required  to  cover  the 
expense  of  mining  and  milling.  Since  the 
introduction  of  cyaniding,  from  300  to 
350  grams  per  ton  will  cover  all  costs, 
and  500,000  tons  of  ore,  half  in  filling  and 
half  on  the  dump,  averaging  about  500 
grams  per  ton  have  become  available  for 
milling  at  a  profit.  Since  the  beginning 
of  1909.  when  the  new  mill  was  started, 
a  shortage  of  power  has  forced  the  com- 
pany to  curtail  production  and  to  resort 
to  expensive  sorting. 

The  cost  figures  for  the  second  half 
of  1909  are  as  follows:  Mining  and  ex- 
tracting, 4.135  pesos;  sorting,  0.890; 
sampling   and  assaying,  0.231 ;   develop- 


one  pair  of  36xl6-in.  Denver  Engineering 
rolls;  80  stamps;  18  concentrating  tables; 
seven  Dorr  classifiers;  seven  pulp  thick- 
eners of  some  make;  seven  4x20-ft 
Krupp  tube  mills;  twelve  15x45  ft.  Pachuca 
tanks;  three  Moore  filter  units,  each  of 
eighty  10x6-ft.  leaves,  and  other  machin- 
ery in  proportion.  The  silver  extraction 
has  recently  been  raised  to  94  per  cent, 
and  that  of  the  gold  to  96  per  cent.  The 
milling  and  cyaniding  cost  is  about  four 
pesos  per  ton. 

The    Vizcaina,    the    Chief    Lode    of 
the  District 

The  outcrop  of  the  Vizcaina  vein, 
which  is  the  principal  one  of  the  district, 
can  be  traced  on  the  surface  for  more 
than  16  km.  The  country  rock  is  a  py- 
roxene-andesite,  and  the  vein  crosses 
the  formation  froin  east  to  west,  showing 
for  about  800  m.  on  the  property  of  the 


.^P^tngdalenn  Hill 


r    ^Krnriured  Aiideelte 

177771  vcM... 


Profile  of  Girault  Adit  and 
Yertical  Section  through  Veins  Cut. 


and  the  Soledad  in  1892.  The  total  out- 
put to  July  2,  1910,  was  990,983  metric 
tons  sold  and  milled  by  the  company, 
and  about  300,000  metric  tons  of  ore  on 
the  dump,  making  a  grand  total  of  1,290,- 
983  metric  tons  mined  to  date.  Until  the 
end  of  1908  all  ore  was  sold  to  custom 
mills  or  to  smelteries.  The  net  proceeds 
from  this  are  after  deducting  freight  and 
treatment  charges  were  31,472,973  pesos; 
mine  expenses  for  the  period  amounted 
to  18,318,867  pesos  and  13,360,779  pesos 
were  paid  in  dividends.  The  value  of  the 
silver  and  gold  produced  to  the  end  of 
1909,  deducting  10  per  cent,  as  treatment 
loss,  was  51,240,692  pesos.  All  improve- 
ments, including  800.000  pesos  spent  on 
the  new  mill  have  been  charged  to  cur- 

NViTF — Alislrncl  of  nn  nrllrln  In  riifnynim 
V  Ucmoimv  rl,.|  Insllluln  jrpxlcnno  <1p  itlnas 
y  JlPtnliireln.    .func.    Ullo. 

''ifn<'rn\  mnnnirfr.  Van  Rafnpl  t  \npxag 
silninc  rompnnv.    I'acliuoa.    HldalRo!   Mex. 


ment  and  prospecting,  2.464;  pumping. 
0.443;  new  machinery,  construction, 
freight,  taxes  and  extraordinary  expenses, 
2.084;  total  cost  per  ton  mined  10.247 
pesos,  adding  to  which  the  milling  cost  of 
4.040  pesos  gives  a  total  cost  per  ton  of 
ore  milled  of  14.287  pesos.  The  average 
assay  value  of  the  ore  treated  during  the 
above  period  was  888  grams  silver  (31.1 
grams  =  I  oz.  Troy)  and  4.08  grams  gold 
per  ton.  Waste  from  the  sorting  assayed 
166  to  300  grams  silver  per  ton. 

Mill  Extraction  Improved 
The  capacity  of  the  new  mill'  has  been 
increased  and  some  improvements  intro- 
duced, as  a  result  of  which  the  capacity 
has  been  raised  from  400  to  500  tons  per 
day  according  to  the  class  of  ore  treated. 
The  present  equipment  of  the  mill  com- 
prises:    Three  9xl5-in.   Blake  crushers, 

'Rnt,.  and  Mis.  .TorRN..  .Inly  9,  Iftin.  p.  07. 


company.  The  accompanying  vertical 
section  on  the  course  of  Girault  adit 
shows  a  number  of  the  other  veins  of  the 
district.  The  average  width  of  the  min- 
eralized portion  of  the  Vizcaina  vein  is 
from  3  to  4  m.,  increasing  to  14  or 
more,  at  junctions  of  veins,  etc.  The 
width,  including  the  South  lode,  is  from 
6  to  12  m.;  the  North  lode  and  branches 
are  narrower,  usually  from  1  to  2 
meters. 

Ore  First  Found  at  Depth  of  100 
Meters 

The  mines  began  to  produce  at  a  depth 
of  about  100  m.,  the  best  level  being  the 
3,50  m.  At  the  500-m.  level  the  shoot  Is 
still  400  m.  long,  and  the  ore  of  about 
average  value.  In  the  upper  portions  of 
the  veins  small  amounts  of  manganese 
oxide  and  of  native  silver  were  found;  in 
the  central   portion,   silver  sulphide  and 


644 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


some  galena,  blende  and  iron  pyrites;  in 
the  bottom,  on  the  500-m.  level,  an  in- 
crease of  blende  and  galena  is  noted. 
The  character  of  the  ore  has  not,  how- 
ever, undergone  any  remarkable  altera- 
tion, still  being  amenable  to  amalgama- 
tion and  cyaniding.  The  gangue  averages 
about  70  to  75  per  cent,  silica  and  10  to 
20  per  cent,  calcite. 

The  great  San  Rafael  oreshoot,  extend- 
ing beyond  the  bount^aries  of  the  com- 
pany's property  was  more  than  1200  m. 
long  in  the  middle  levels  and  has  been 
worked   for  400  m.  on  the   incline. 

A  total  of  1.490,983  metric  tons  of  ore, 
including  that  left  in  the  fillings  and  be- 
ing drawn  at  present,  has  been  broken  in 
the  San  Rafael  mines.  Of  this  total  990.- 
983  metric  tons  averaged  1400  grams  sil- 
ver and  5.6  grams  gold;  300,000  tons  on 
the  dump  average  500  grams  silver,  and 
200,000  in  the  fillings  average  400  grams 
silver  per  metric  ton.  The  average  assay 
of  the  total  is  1080  grams  silver  and  four 
grams  gold  per  ton. 

Development  Work  Done  by  Hand 

All  development  work  is  done  by  hand; 
♦he  average  advance  made  in  drifts  in 
medium-hard  rock  is  three  meters  per 
week,  and  the  maximum,  working  five 
or  six  pairs  of  miners  at  a  time,  is 
eight  meters.  In  the  hard  andesite  two  to 
five  meters  are  made,  in  the  winzes  on 
the  veins  two  to  five  meters,  in  the  Gir- 
ault  tunnel  (3x3  m.  in  cross-section) 
eight  meters  per  week.  In  shafts  where 
water  must  be  pumped  the  average  ad- 
vance per  week  is  two  meters,  in  dry 
shafts,  three  meters  per  week. 

Levels  are  from  2.25  to  2.59  m.  high 
and  from  1.9  to  2.5  m.  wide.  Double 
drifts  under  stopes  three  meters  or  more 
wide  are  carried  four  meters  wide  and 
three  meters  high,  and  each  gangway  is 
2.25x1.5  m.  in  cross-section.  A  uniform 
grade  of  1  per  cent,  is  carried  in  all  the 
mine  workings. 

The  prices  paid  to  contractors  per 
meter  of  advance  are:  For  levels,  in 
soft  ground,  eight  to  18  pesos;  in  average 
ground,  45  pesos;  in  hard  rock,  60  to  75; 
winzes,  2x2.5  m.,  in  soft  ground.  25;  in 
average  ground,  45;  in  hard  ground,  70; 
wet  shafts,  3x5  m.,  250  to  300;  dry  shafts, 
125  pesos  per  meter. 

Main  Shaft  Carried  in  Advance  of 
Other  Workings 

The  Trompillo  shaft  is  sunk  in  advance 
of  othpr  workings,  Sulzer  sinking  pumps 
being  used  to  drain  it.  At  a  short  dis- 
tance to  the  north  a  countershaft  is  sunk 
to  carry  pipes,  electric  lines  and  spars 
pumps.  Auxiliary  underground  shafts, 
provided  with  25-h.p.  hoists  and  electric 
pumps,  are  also  sunk  in  order  to  drain  the 
extreme  portions  of  the  mine  and  to  help 
in  the  opening  of  the  levels. 

Owing  to  the  necessary  slow  speed  in 
sinking,  due  in  fonner  times  to  lack  of 
proper  appliances  and  in  the  last  few- 
years  to  irregular  supply  of  power,  and 


hence  frequent  flooding  of  the  workings, 
levels  are  carried  only  25  m.  apart.  As 
soon  as  a  supply  of  power  can  be  relied 
upon,  it  is  proposed  to  increase  the  in- 
terval between  levels  to  40  m.,  and  thus 
reduce  the  working  costs. 

The  common  pine  wood  of  the  eastern 
Sierras  sells  at  35  to  45  pesos  per 
thousand  board  feet  at  Pachuca.  This  is 
the  only  timber  used  in  the  mines.  The 
timber  will  stand  a  crushing  load  of  about 
1000  kg.  per  sq.cm.  Caps  1.5  m.  long 
and  6x10  in.  in  cross-section  are  given 
a  uniform  load  of  three  tons.  In  wet 
and  hot  places  the  timber  will  stand  for 
about  two  years. 

Eight-hour     Day     in     Vogue — Bonus 
Paid  on   Tonnage 

The  men  work  eight-hour  shifts,  with 
an  hour  for  dinner  at  noon  or  at  mid- 
night; this  applies  both  in  the  mill  and 
mine.     The  wages  actually  paid,   or  fig- 


It  greatly  facilitates  the  drainage  of  the 
northern  mines  and  the  tramming  of  ore 
from  the  Camelia,  also  the  prospecting 
of  the  ground  north  of  the  Vizcaina, 
which  is  capped  by  a  later  flow  of  an- 
desite. Before  reaching  the  Vizcaina 
lode,  the  tunnel  crosses  a  number  of  less 
important  veins,  as  is  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying vertical  section  taken  on  the 
course  of  the  tunnel.  The  tunnel  was 
proposed  by  me  in  1895  before  the  flood 
that  drowned  the  mines  on  this  part  of 
the  district,  but  was  not  started  until 
May,  1908,  owing  to  the  Encino  and  Mara- 
villas  mines  refusing  the  needed  permis- 
sion to  cross  their  ground.  It  connected 
with  the  San  Rafael  workings  in  Decem- 
ber, 1902.  The  total  length  to  the  Viz- 
caina lode  is  1600  m.,  and  the  actual  de- 
velopment, including  the  branches  in 
the  Camelia  and  San  Rafael,  is  about 
2600  meters. 

The  Girault  tunnel  was  driven  by  hand 


^;\^ Probable  CoutiiiuatioD 
"of  the  Orebodtes 

^^^SS^FiU*;*!  .Slopes  TJu  Ens^'tterin;/ ^  }rimn!j  Journal 

Section  of  San  Rafael  Workings  on  the  Vizcaina  Vein,  Pachuca,  Mex. 


ured.  for  the  contractors  are  as  follows: 
Contractors  on  drifts,  2  to  10  pesos;  min- 
ers, head  men,  1.50  to  2.25;  common 
miners,  1.15  to  1.37;  peons,  on  day's  pay, 
0.62  to  1 ;  on  contract  work,  0.87  to  2; 
peon  bosses,  1.50  to  3;  timbermen,  1..50 
to  3;  timbermen's  helpers,  1.15  to  2.25; 
hoist  men,  3  to  5;  pump  men,  1.75  to  2; 
mechanics,  1.50  to  4;  electric  workmen, 
2  to  4;  carpenters,  1.50  to  3;  blacksmiths, 
1.50  to  4;  ore  sorters,  0.75  to  1.50.  All 
employees  are  paid  by  the  week  and  a 
bonus  is  granted  to  those  connected  with 
the  production  in  the  mine  as  well  as  in 
the  mill.  The  weekly  pay,  including  bon- 
us, for  engineers,  master  mechanics,  sur- 
veyor, captain,  mill  superintendent  and 
shift  bosses  is  between  55  and  120  pesos; 
for  office  employees  between  25  and  80 
pesos;  for  watchmen  and  surface  em- 
ployees in  the  mine  and  mill,  from  10  to 
30  pesos  per  week. 

Girault  Adit  Cut  a  Number  of  Veins 

The  Girault  adit  serves  to  connect  the 

San    Rafael,    Camelia,    Maravillas    and 

Encinn  mines  with  the  city  of  Pachuca. 


at  an  average  speed  of  8  m.  per  week, 
the  price  paid  the  contractor  being  75 
pesos  per  meter.  The  cross-section  of 
the  tunnel  is  3,\3  m.,  the  grade  1:  1000. 
On  one  side,  below  the  floor,  there  is  a 
masonry  ditch  0.8x0.8  m.,  arched  and  cov- 
ered by  a  concrete  walk.  Track  is  laid 
with  50-lb.  rails,  set  at  3-ft.  gage.  The 
depths  attained  in  the  various  workings 
are:  213  m.  in  the  San  Rafael  shaft; 
270  m.  in  the  Dolores  of  the  Encino 
mine;  156  in.  in  the  Zotol,  and  170  m.  in 
the  Camelia. 

Close  Filling  of  Stores  Necessary 
The  average  stoping  width  on  the  Viz- 
caina lode  is  from  3  to  4  m., 
and  that  of  the  secondary  veins  from  1 
to  2  m.  The  stoping  width,  of 
course,  increases  at  the  junction  of  veins. 
The  North  vein  in  the  higher  levels  and 
the  South  one  in  the  lower  form  orebod- 
ies  several  meters  wide  in  places.  The 
ground  is  much  fractured  and  the  ore  soft 
and  heavy.  The  vein  filling  varies  from 
a  crushed  mixture  of  quartz  and  andesite 
that  caves  readily    to  hard  compact  ma- 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


645 


terial.  There  is  no  appearance  of  banded 
structure,  the  andesite  being  much  fis- 
sured and  showing  cracks  and  voids  ce- 
mented by  quartz.  The  stopes  must  be 
:lose!y  filled  with  waste,  the  opening  be- 
ing kept  less  than  two  meters  high. 
Props  and  temporary  sets  are  frequently 
required.  Waste  is  being  sorted  out  and 
used  in  the  stopes  for  filling. 

Waste  from  dead  work  is  run  down 
:hrough  chutes  to  the  stopes,  or  raised 
jy  means  of  au.xiliary  hoists.  Some 
*'aste  is  also  supplied  from  crosscuts  run 
for  prospecting  the  walls  of  the  veins. 
^i'inzes  for  filling  and  for  proving  blocks 
if  ore  are  sunk  every  15  to  20  m.,  and 
imbcred  chutes  built  in  the  stopes  at  the 
;ame  intervals. 

Storing  Done  on  Contract 

Ore  is  sloped  by  contract,  the  price 
>aid  being  from  0.75  to  2.50  pesos  per  car 
if  half  a  cubic  meter  capacity,  for  rock 
■iroken  to  a  ma.ximum  of  8-in.  size.  Ten 
0  15  centavos  extra  is  paid  for  haulage 
0  the  plat,  and  15  centavos  is  allowed 
or  filling  the  stope.  The  cars  hold  from 
iOO  to  800  kg.,  according  to  the  class  of 
ire.  The  contractor  in  every  case  must 
lellver  the  ore  free  of  entirely  barren 
ock. 

Caved  Workings  Reopenkd 
Under  the  old  management,  in  order 
0  reduce  the  cost  of  timber  and  of  fili- 
ng, a  scheme  of  work  was  devised  that 
onsisted  of  sinking  winzes  every  five 
leters  and  opening  intermediate  levels  at 
he  same  distance  from  each  other.  The 
esult  was  that  the  orebody  was  not 
lell  prospected,  and  that  pillars,  weak- 
ned  by  the  stripping  of  the  ore,  slipped 
nd  one  night  in  October,  1895.  the  entire 
.orkings  of  the  Soledad,  for  a  distance  of 
'50  m.  on  the  strike  and  100  m.  on  the 
'itch,  collapsed.  Unwittingly  the  caving 
ystem  had  been  applied  on  a  great  scale. 
In  the  lower  levels,  that  for  three  years 
emained  under  water  on  account  of  the 
ood,  the  fills  in  the  caved  stopes  packed 
ulficiently  to  allow  them  to  be  reopened 
n  their  entirety  and  stoped  as  a  new  lode 
n  loose  ground  that  required  timbering 
nd  close  filling.  These  old  stopes  were 
oUnd  to  contain  a  large  amount  of  good 
re  and  their  exploitation  constituted  for 
lany  years  the  most  important  source 
f  income  to  the  mines.  At  the  present 
ime  nearly  all  the  levels  are  doubled,  and 
lost  of  the  filling  of  the  mine  is  being 
rawn  through  the  numerous  crosscuts 
ive  meters  apart. 

Contract  with  Custom  Mill 
The  company  has  still  to  deliver  230,- 
'00  tons  of  ore  to  the  Union  mill,  at  the 
ate  of  700  tons  per  week,  an  average 
harge  on  this  ore  being  14.5  pesos.  The 
iirplus  is,  however,  treated  in  the  com- 
any's  own  mill  at  a  cost  that  does  not 
«eed  four  pesos  per  ton.  Sorting  is 
hus  limited  to  the  coarse  ore  which  is 
obbed  and  hand  picked,  anything   run- 


ning below  100  grams  silver  per  ton  be- 
ing discarded  as  waste.  The  sorting  is 
done  by  contract  at  the  rate  of  0.85  peso 
per  ton  of  clean  ore.  The  dump  is  for 
the  great  part  fines,  running  about  500 
grams;  middlings  of  about  2-in.  size  run- 
ning from  160  to  300  grams,  and  coarse 
ore  that  requires  sorting,  75  per  cent,  go- 
ing as  waste  and  25  assaying  more  than 
500  grams.  For  the  last  class  of  ore  2.10 
pesos  is  paid  per  ton. 

Electricity  Used  for  All  Hoists 
All  the  hoists  at  the  San  Rafael  y 
Anexas  mine  are  operated  by  electricity. 
Denver  Engineering  Works,  5-h.p.  elec- 
tric hoists  are  used  for  sinking  small 
winzes  and  draining  them  so  long  as  the 
waterfiow  remains  below  60  liters  per 
minute,  rawhide  buckets  holding  about 
300  liters  and  filled  by  hand  being  em- 
ployed for  bailing.  For  sinking  the  main 
and  the  auxiliary  underground  shafts  25,- 
and  50-h.p.  hoists  of  the  same  make  and 
fitted  with  cages  and  buckets  are  used. 
Pumping  is  done  with  Sulzer  centrifgal 
pumps. 

Tro.mpillo  Hoist  of  Ilcner  Type  but 
Flywheel  Disconnected 

The  Trompillo  hoist  is  of  the  Ilgner 
type,  being  a  combination  of  a  flywheel 
and  an  induction  motor  driving  a  contin- 
uous-current generator,  and  a  continuous- 
current,  shunt-wound  winding  motor. 
This  type  of  hoisting  machine  is  known 
to  be  successful  and  has  been  described 
and  discussed  at  length.  The  flywheel 
has,  nevertheless,  been  disconnected  in 
the  San  Rafael,  owing  to  the  frequent  in- 
terruptions of  the  power  and  to  the  time 
lost  in  starting  after  every  stoppage. 

Another  unit  to  duplicate  the  Trompillo 
has  been  ordered  to  adapt  it  to  a  Union 
Iron  Works,  flat-rope,  steam  hoist  that  is 
to  be  electrically  driven  and  installed  at 
the  Soledad  shaft  to  replace  the  first- 
motion  hoist,  which  does  service  at  pres- 
ent. The  two  main  shafts  are  also  pro- 
vided with  compressed-air  hoists  that  arc 
temporarily  used  whenever  the  other  en- 
gines are  out  of  commission. 

The  Trompillo  hoist  was  figured  to 
hoist  30  cars,  with  800-kg.  load,  per  hour 
from  the  depth  of  500  m.  Drums  are 
2  m.  in  diameter,  the  rope  I'.s  in.  The 
weight  of  an  empty  car  is  figured  at  400 
kg.,  that  of  ore  800  kg.,  of  the  cage  600 
kg.,  and  the  rope  1500  kg.  In  balanced 
hoisting  the  maximum  load  is  3200  kg. 
at  a  speed  of  7  m.  per  second,  and  the 
power  required  is  300  h.p.,  the  speed  of 
the  winding  motor  being  350  revolutions 
per  minute. 

Mine  Subject  to  Sudden  Floods 
The  mine  makes  water  at  the  rate  of 
1600  liters  per  minute.  Of  this  1300  lit- 
ers are  lifted  290  m.  to  the  Girault  adit, 
and  the  balance  500  m.  to  the  surface  for 
mill  supply.  With  the  opening  of  a  new 
level  there  is  an  increase  of  about  2000 
liters   per   minute.      This    gradually    de- 


creases as  the  upper  ground  is  drained. 
The  mine  is,  however,  subject  to  sudden 
floods,  of  which  the  most  damaging  start- 
ed on  the  night  of  December  15,  1895, 
and  resulted  in  the  drowning  of  the  bot- 
tom levels  for  nearly  three  years. 

Sinking  Pumps  Used  for  Continuous 
Service 

The  Sulzer  centrifugal  sinking  pumps 
are  used  for  continuous  service.  Weiss 
&  Monski,  and  Knowles  pumps  are  kept 
in  reserve.  Of  the  three  Sulzers,  one 
lifts  1500,  and  the  others  2000  liters 
each  to  a  hight  of  30  m.,  with  25-h.p., 
220-volt  motors.  The  pumps  are  bal- 
anced with  counterweights  in  such  a  way 
that  they  can  be  raised  or  lowered  in  a 
few  minutes. 

At  present  the  sinking  pumps  lift  from 
the  500-m.  level  to  the  temporary  station 
at  the  475-m.  level,  which  is  fitted  with: 
Two  movable  triplex,  vertical  pumps 
with  165-mm.  plungers,  300-mm.  stroke, 
run  at  75  r.p.m.,  and  pumping  1440  liters 
each;  two  sinking  Knowles  pumps  of  600 
liter  capacity  each;  and  one  stationary 
Sulzer  pump,  lifting  2000  liters  either  100 
or  200  m.,  according  to  the  number  of 
turbines  kept  in  the  pump.  These  pumps 
will  be  lowered  to  the  new  temporary  sta- 
tions opened  every  50  m.,  and  combined 
with  a  Aldrich  Triplex  of  400  gal.  per 
minute  capacity  and  with  sinkers,  will  be 
ample  to  handle  the  water  to  the  next 
fixed  station  that  is  contemplated  for  a 
depth  of  600  meters. 

The  400-m.  station  is  equipped  with: 
Three  horizontal,  triplex,  Hoppe  pumps 
with  150-mm.  plungers,  300-mm.  stroke, 
raising  1123  liters  per  minute  each  to  the 
adit;  one  2000-liter  Sulzer  and  one  Dow, 
duplex,  double-acting  steam  pump, 
changed  to  electric  drive,  the  capacity  of 
the  latter  pump  being  850  liters  per  min- 
ute. At  the  265-m.  station  there  are  two 
Sulzer  pumps  of  1000  liters  per  minute 
capacity,  lifting  300  m.,  and  one  duplex 
Dow  of  1200  liters  capacity  for  supplying 
water  to  the  mill. 

Pumps  Handy  but  Not  Efficient  as 
Operated 
The  pumps  are  not  well  adapted  to  the 
conditions  under  which  they  are  operated, 
being  ordered  with  too  large  a  margin 
so  as  to  take  care  of  the  drops  in  the 
current  which  are  likely  to  occur.  Work- 
ing under  the  actual  conditions,  they  use 
nearly  twice  as  much  power  as  plunger 
pumps,  and  for  this  reason  a  centrifugal 
station  pump  is  kept  in  reserve  and  run 
only  from  time  to  time.  The  eflRciency  of 
the  sinking  pumps  cannot  be  detennined 
as  the  wear  on  the  moving  parts  from 
sand  soon  alters  them.  They  are  very 
handy,  however,  and  take  up  little  room 
in  the  shaft,  and  also  have  the  great  ad- 
vantage of  running  steadily  over  long 
periods  without  stoppages  for  repairs. 
For  this  reason  they  have  been  adopted 
as  the  standard  for  the  operations  at  the 
San  Rafael  y  Anexas. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


La   Blanca   Mine  and  Mill  at 

Pachuca 

The  annual  report  of  La  Blanca  Mining 
Company  at  Pachuca,  Hidalgo,  Mexico, 
shows  that  for  the  year  1909-10  the  out- 
put was  39,304  metric  tons,  an  average  of 
766  tons  per  week  of  an  average  content 
per  ton  of  1250  grams  silver  and  6.38 
grams  gold.  The  ore  averaged  25.37 
pesos  per  ton.  The  cost  of  extraction  was 
17.02  pesos  per  ton,  but  to  this  must  be 
added  haulage,  customs  charges  and 
stamp  duties  corresponding  to  the  metal 
extracted  and  also  the  cost  of  exploita- 
tion, dead  work  and  necessary  repairs 
in  the  mine,  bringing  the  average  cost 
of  extraction  up  to  24.01  pesos  per  ton. 
The  extraction  for  the  year  is  lower  than 
for  the  preceding  year.  The  policy  of 
the  management  has  been  to  extract  only 
ore  to  meet  the  current  expenses  of  the 
mine,  holding  that  the  interests  of  the 
shareholders  were  better  served  by  wait- 
ing for  a  better  price  of  silver,  and  also 
reserve  the  ore  for  treatment  in  the  new 
mill  and  cyanide  plant  now  nearing  com- 
pletion and  which  is  confidently  expected 
to  produce  a  profit  of  10  pesos  per  ton 
greater  than  heretofore. 

Description  of  La  Blanca  Mill 

H.  A.  Barker  and  J.  B.  Empson,  in  a 
report  to  the  stockholders  of  the  La 
Blanca  company,  give  the  following  data 
concerning  the  mill: 

The  mill  is  designed  for  a  certain  ca- 
pacity of  200  tons  per  day,  and  can  be 
depended  upon  to  treat  240  to  300  tons 
with  but  slight  addition  to  the  equipment. 

The  first  operation  after  the  ore  reach- 
es the  surface  is  to  pass  it  through  a 
Sandycroft  breaker  30  by  12  in.  of  a  ca- 
pacity of  30  tons  per  hour,  from  which 
the  ore  is  carried  by  belt  conveyer  to 
a  vertical  elevator  by  which  it  is  raised 
to  a  circular  bin  constructed  of  steel 
36  ft.  high  by  24  ft.  in  diameter.  From 
this  bin  the  ores  fall  behind  two  break- 
ers, to  an  I8-in.  conveyer  provided  with 
an  automatic  mechanism  connected  with 
the  hoppers  that  regulate  the  supply  of 
ore  to  the  stamps.  Before  reaching  this 
point  an  automatic  sampler  extracts  a 
fixed  proportion  of  from  5  to  10  per  cent. 
of  the  total  which  is  conveyed  to  the 
sampling  room,  where  it  is  treated  by  an 
automatic  sampler  supplied  by  the  Allis- 
Chalmers  company. 

The  equipment  of  the  mill  consists  of  a 
Sandycroft  battery  of  40  heads  of  1250 
lb.  each,  with  correspondingly  heavy 
seats.  The  ores  pass  from  the  stamp  to 
eight  Deister  concentrators,  type  No.  2, 
and  eight  of  type  No.  3.  After  concen- 
tration the  slimes  pass  to  six  double 
Dorr  classifiers,  whence  it  passes  to  three 
settling  tanks,  30  ft.  in  diameter  by  12  ft. 
high.  The  coarser  product  passes  for 
further  treatment  in  the  Knipp  tube  mills 
of  which  the  plant  contains  six.  The  tube 
mills  are  20  ft.  long  by  4  ft.  in  diameter 


with  special  Brown-Arey  lining.  The 
pulp  discharge  from  the  tube  mills  is 
raised  by  bucket  elevators  for  reclassify- 
ing in  the  Dorr  classifiers.  The  pulp  of 
sufficient  fineness  passes  to  the  settling 
tanks  and  thence  to  eight  Pachuca  agi- 
tating tanks  of  15-ft.  diameter  and  60  ft. 
in  hight.  From  the  Pachuca  tanks  the 
pulp  passes  directly  to  a  300-ton  pneu- 
matic filter  of  special  design. 

All  the  tanks  for  holding  the  solutions 
are  of  steel  on  cement  foundations  and 
have  been  so  arranged  so  as  to  simplify 
the  operation  of  the  plant.  The  solu- 
tions containing  the  metals  will  be  filtered 
by  a  Burt  patent  clarifier  before  precip- 
itation by  the  Merrill  zinc-dust  system. 
The  manipulation  of  the  various  solu- 
tions will  be  effected  by  Aldrich  triplex 
pumps,  each  unit  being  complete  with  in- 
dependent Westinghouse  electric  motors. 

All  the  principal  buildings  are  of  solid 
masonry  with  roofing  of  steel  frames  and 
covered  with  corrugated  sheet  iron.  This 
style,  although  more  costly  than  wood, 
possesses  advantages  in  more  rapid  con- 
struction, durability  and  freedom  from 
fire  risks.  The  mill  will  be  completed  in 
October. 


tered  over  a  distance  of  40  miles  toward 
the  south.  The  company  has  three  pro- 
ducing wells  of  an  average  depth  of  2000 
ft.  Two  wells  are  being  drilled  in  pro- 
ducing territory.  Production  averages 
10,000  bbl.  per  day,  the  oil  registering  20 
deg.  and  containing  no  water. 

In  addition  to  its  oil  lands  this  company 
owns  an  8-in.  pipe  line  from  Casiano  to 
Tampico,  a  distance  of  65  miles.  This  has 
just  been  completed  to  Tampico  and  when 
all  of  the  branches  from  Casiano  are  in- 
stalled the  line  will  have  a  total  length  of 
130   miles.      Prior  to   the    completion   of 


Operations    of    the     Mexican 
Petroleum  Company 


By  Edwin  Hicgins* 


The  Mexican  Petroleum  Company  of 
California  and  the  Huasteca  Petroleum 
Company,  both  operating  in  Mexico,  are 
controlled  by  the  Mexican  Petroleum 
Company,  Ltd.,  of  Delaware.  The  Mexi- 
can Petroleum  Company  of  California 
owns  in  fee  448,000  acres  of  oil  lands 
lying  about  35  miles  west  of  Tampico, 
Mexico.  Most  of  the  property  is  in  the 
State  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  only  a  small 
acreage  etending  into  the  State  of  Vera- 
cruz. The  company  has  20  wells  drilled 
and  producing,  the  average  depth  being 
2000  ft.  Seven  new  wells  are  being 
drilled.  The  average  daily  production 
from  the  20  wells  is  6000  bbl.  per  day. 
The  oil  registers  12  deg.  and  contains  lit- 
tle water,  the  oil  from  one-third  of  the 
wells  testing  5  per  cent.  Fifty  Americans 
and  from  200  to  400  Mexicans  are  em- 
ployed and  the  monthly  pay  roll  amounts 
to  about  ."^30,000.  Practically  the  entire 
output  of  oil  goes  to  the  Mexican  Central 
railroad,  with  which  the  conTpany  has  a 
10-year  contract  to  supply  6000  bbl.  of  oil 
daily  at  50c.  per  barrel. 

Huasteca  Petroleum  Company 

The  Huasteca  Petroleum  Company  con- 
trols, through  ownership  and  leases,  200,- 
000  acres  of  oil  lands.  Beginning  (it  a 
point  about  55  miles  south  of  Tampico  the 
properties  comprise  various  tracts    scat- 

•Minlni;  onslnpor,  r'nliinililii  'I'riisl  Iniilcliiiir. 
l.os    .\na<'Ies.    Cnl. 


Steel  Barges  for  Transporting  Oil 
Across  Lake  Tamiahua 

the  pipe  line  oil  was  transported  across 
lake  Tamiahua  to  Tampico  on  stee 
barges,  two  of  which  are  shown  in  at 
accompanying  illustration.  The  full  ca 
pacity  of  the  pipe  line  is  26,400  bbl.  pt 
day.  The  company  employs  15  Ameri 
cans  and  100  Mexicans  and  is  spendini 
about  530,000  per  month  in  field  opera 
tions  and  pipe-line  construction. 


Vanadium  and  Molybdenum   in 
Chihuahua    Lead  Mines 


The  ores  in  a  lead  mine  near  Cuchill 
Parado  on  the  Conchos  river  in  the  eas' 
ern  part  of  Chihuahua  contain  vanadiui 
in  the  form  of  vanadate  of  lead,  an 
wulfenite,  or  molybdate  of  lead.  Herett 
fore  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  sa\ 
these  minerals,  but  recently  a  contrai 
was  made  by  which  concentrates  of  tl 
vanadate  and  of  the  wulfenite  are  mac 
and  saved.  The  wulfenite  concentrats 
run  about  30  per  cent,  molybdic  acid,  ar 
the  vanadium  ores  about  18  per  cer 
vanadic  acid.  Small  shipments  are  b<' 
ing  iTiade  to  an  American  ore  agent. 


Mexican  Mine  Titles 

Only  881  title  deeds  to  mines,  embra 
ing    13,737    claims,    were    issued    in    tl 
second  half  of  last  fiscal  year   (Jan. 
June,    1910),   which,   added    to   the    13t 
title  deeds  issued  in  the  first  half  of  tl 
fiscal  year,  make  a  total  for  the  year 
2248  deeds,  embracing  35,206  claims 
one  hectare  each,  showing,  as  compap 
with  the  preceding  year,  a  falling  off 
47  per  cent. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


647 


Analytical  Methods  in  the  Cananea  Laboratory 

Methods  of  Routine  Chemical  Analysis  Used  at  Cananea  Consolidated; 
The  Hawley  Balance  Readily  Indicates  the  Amount  of  Flux  Required 


B    Y  F 

A  condensed  description  is  given 
herewith  of  the  methods  of  routine 
chemical  analysis  used  at  the  Cananea 
Consolidated  Copper  Company's  smelt- 
ery laboratory  at  Cananea.  As  a  rule, 
well  known  and  standard  methods  have 
been  followed,  with  such  adaptations 
as  experience  has  proved  beneficial  with 
these  ores,  or  as  may  increase  speed  or 
accuracy.  Some  new  or  little  known 
methods  have  been  introduced  and  may 
prove  of  interest. 

Silica  in  Ores 

Run  with  either  a  bisulphate  or  car- 
)onate  fusion,  the  bisulphate  being  used 
in  ores  containing  no  garnet,  feldspar 
)r  similar  refractory  silicates. 

Bisulphate  Fusion — Take  0.5  to  one 
;ram  of  ore  in  a  2-in.  porcelain  capsule, 
idd  five  to  10  drops  of  nitric  acid  (ac- 
ording  to  amount  of  sulphides  present) 
md  take  to  dryness  on  the  hot  plate. 
\dd  15  grams  c.p.  potassium  bisulphate, 
ir  preferably,  equal  parts  of  potassium 
ind  sodium  bisulphates.  Place  in  a 
.%-in.  scorifier  and  place  in  the  muffle 
or  15  to  20  min.  at  a  gradually  in- 
reasing  temperature,  finishing  at  a  me- 
ium  red  color.  Remove  and  cool, 
hen  cold  the  melt  is  easily  removed 
nd  placed  in  a  300-c.c.  tall  beaker  con- 
iining  about  25  c.c.  of  water.  Fill  the 
mpty  capsule  with  dilute  HCl  (1:1  I  to 
issolve  any  adhering  particles  of  the 
lelt  and  rinse  into  a  beaker.  Cover 
nd  boil  on  the  hot  plate  until  the  melt 
■  all  dissolved  and  the  silica  shows 
lean  and  white.  Filter  through  12'(!- 
m.  ashless  filter;  wash,  ignite  and 
eigh. 

Carbonate  Fusion. — Weigh  0.5  to  one 
ram  of  ore  into  a  30-c.c.  platinum  dish 
vo-thirds  filled  with  fusion  mixture 
10  Na^COa,  7  K,CO„  1  Na.O.)  and  thor- 
ughly  mix.  Set  in  scorifier  and 
ise  in  the  muffle  at  an  increasing  tem- 
irature,  finishing  at  a  bright  red.  Re- 
love  and  pour  on  a  clean,  smooth,  iron 
ab  and  while  still  liquid  quickly  flatten 
ith  a  smooth  iron  disk.  Place  the  dish 
id  cake  in  a  4-in.  casserole  containing 
30ut  30  c.c.  of  water.  Slowly  add  25 
c.  HCl  (if  all  acid  is  added  at  once 
e  silica  may  form  a  rather  insoluble 
>at  on  the  melt  and  hinder  rapid  so- 
tion).  When  everything  is  in  solution 
nse  and  remove  dish  and  add  2  or 
c.c.  of  HNO,.  Evaporate  on  hot  plate 
jitil  solution  is  half  gone,  then  set  in 

•I'hli'f  chemist,   rnnani'ii    ('(insolldatcil   <i)|) 
'  "mpany,   Cnnaiipii.   Son..   Mexiri). 


G 


HAWLEY 


sheet-iron     ring    and     take     to    dryness. 
This   ring   is  made   a   little   smaller  than 
the   casserole  and  of  a  hight  to   keep   it 
I'l     in.    above    the    hot    plate;     its    use 
greatly     lessens    the    tendency     to    spit. 
Bake   on   hot   plate   at   a   moderate   tem- 
perature  for  20  to  30  min.;   the  residue 
should   be  brown  but  not  black.     Cool, 
.add  10  c.c.  water  and  20  c.c.  HCl,  cover 
and  boil  five  minutes,  add  25  c.c.  more 
water    and    boil    again.      Filter    through 
I2'L'-cm.  ashless  filter;   wash   once   with 
hot  water,  once  with  hot  dilute  HCl  and 
twice  with   hot  water;   ignite  and  weigh. 
For    ordinary    routine    work    a    second 
evaporation    is   not   made,    but   an    addi- 
tion  of  0.6  per  cent,  is  made   for  silica 
still    in    filtrate.      For   careful    work    the 
filtrate    from   the   silica   is   again  evapor- 
ated   to   dryness,   treated    as   before   and 
the    small    amount    of    silicia    recovered 
added   to   the   main   portion.     The   purity 
of  the  silica  should  be  tested  with  hydro- 
fluoric    acid     and     any     foreign     matter 
found   deducted    from   the   total   weight. 
Alumina 
The   filtrate    from   the   silica   determin- 
ation   is   neutralized    with    ammonia    and 
a    slight    excess    added;    boiled    a    few 
minutes;  filtered  through  a  15-cm.  S.  &  S. 
No.    604    filter;    washed    twice    with    hot 
water,  once  with  ammonium-chloride  so- 
lution   (10  per  cent.   NH,C1,  5  per  cent. 
NH.OH),     and     again    with    hot    water. 
If-  much   copper  is   present   more   wash- 
ing    with     ammonium-chloride     solution 
or  a  double  precipitation  will  be  neces- 
sary.    With  a  fine  jet,  rinse  the  bulk  of 
the    hydroxides    from   the    funnel    into   a 
400-c.c.    Griffin    beaker,    replace    beaker 
under   funnel    and   dissolve   any   remain- 
ing hydroxides  from  the  filter  paper  with 
hot  dilute   HCl  and   wash  once.     To  the 
filtrate    add    10    to    15    c.c.    concentrated 
HCl    and    heat    until    sure    that   all    alu- 
minum   hydroxide    is    in    solution.      Add 
a  little  cold   water,  just  neutralize  with 
ammonia,    add    3Vi    c.c.    HCl,    10    c.c. 
ammonium    phosphate    (200    grams    per 
liter),  dilute  with  cold  water  to  350  c.c, 
add    25   c.c.    hypo    solution    (400    grams 
per  liter)   then  5  c.c.  glacial  acetic  acid. 
Boil  15  min.,  filter  and  ignite,  beginning 
at   a    low   temperature.      Use   conversion 
table  to  obtain  ALO:,   (factor  =0.4185). 
All  solutions  are  made  up   in  bulk  and 
delivered    through   properly   marked   dis- 
pensing   burettes.      Antimony    interferes 
with  this  method  and  must  be   removed. 
On    ores    high    in    alumina    and    low    in 
iron,    more    accurate    results    may    often 
be  obtained  by  the  difference  method. 


Lime    Determined    as    Oxalate 

To  the  filtrate  from  the  precipitated 
hydroxides  add  0.5  to  one  gram  am- 
monium oxalate,  boil  on  hot  plate  five 
to  10  min.,  cool,  filter  through  12Vi!-cm. 
S.&S.  No.  597  filter,  and  wash  thoroughly 
Open  the  filter  and  spread  upon  the  side 
of  the  beaker.  With  a  fine  jet  wash 
the  calcium  oxalate  into  the  beaker, 
leaving  the  filter  upon  the  side  above 
the  liquid.  Dilute  to  75  c.c,  warm  to 
about  80  deg.  C,  make  acid  with  5  c.c. 
H.SO,  and  titrate  with  permanganate 
(1  c.c.  K.MnO,  =  0.005  CaO).  When 
near  the  end  drop  the  filter  into  the 
solution,  stir  vigorously  and  carefully 
complete  the  titration.  On  ores  low  in 
lime,  the  titration  may  commence  more 
quickly  if  a  few  cubic  centimeters  of 
manganous   sulphates   be   added. 

Magnesia  by  Phosphate  Method 

To  the  filtrate  from  the  lime  deterior- 
ation add  a  gram  or  two  of  sodium  or 
ammonium  phosphate  in  solution  and 
then  quite  a  large  excess  of  ammonia. 
Place  in  a  cooling  trough,  stir  vigor- 
ously and  let  stand  for  several  hours. 
Filter,  wash  and  ignite  at  high  temper- 
ature. Multiply  weight  by  0.3603  for 
MgO.  If  manganese  is  present,  in  the 
ore.  remove  it  by  adding  bromine  water 
at  the  time  the  hydroxides  are  preci- 
pitated. 

Iron  and  Sulphur 

Iron  and  sulphur  are  usually  run  from 
the  same  sample.  Weigh  'L.  gram  of 
ore  into  a  tall  300-c.c.  beaker,  add  pinch 
(about  100  mg.)  of  KCIO,,  then  10  c.c. 
of  chlorate  mixture.  Keep  cool  for  five 
minutes,  set  on  hot  plate  and  boil  to 
dryness.  To  ore  high  in  sulphides  add, 
little  by  little,  pinches  of  KCIO,  until 
the  sulphur  is  entirely  oxidized  and  red 
fumes  are  no  longer  given  off.  With 
heavy  sulphides,  it  is  advisable  to  keep 
the  mixture  cool  by  placing  on  a  screen 
in  a  cooling  trough,  the  screen  permit- 
ting a  ready  circulation  of  water  under 
the   beaker. 

After  expelling  nitric  acid,  take  up 
with  10  c.c.  HCl  and  boil  until  acid  is 
about  half  gone  and  all  oxides  are 
thoroughly  decomposed.  Remove  from 
hot  plate,  dilute  to  about  100  c.c,  add 
an  excess  of  NH.OH,  boil  a  few  min- 
utes and  filter  through  a  15-cm.  S.  &  S. 
No.  604  filter  into  a  400-c.c.  Griffin 
beaker.  Wash  four  or  five  times  with 
hot  water.  The  iron  is  now  all  upon 
the  filter  and  the  sulphur  in  the  filtrate. 


648 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Sulphur. — Boil  the  filtrate  until  most 
of  the  NHjOH  is  expelled,  neutralize 
with  HCl  and  add  ■:'bout  5  c.c.  excess. 
Now,  while  boiling,  add  a  little  at  a  time, 
an  excess  of  hot,  half-saturated  solution 
of  BaCl.,  20  c.c.  being  in  all  cases 
sufficient.  Boil  five  to  10  min.,  remove 
and  let  settle  a  short  time  and  filter 
through  a  12'. -cm.  S.&S.  No.  5S9  filter. 
Wash  four  timjs  and  weigh  as  BaSO,; 
use  conversion  table  for  obtaining  the 
per  cent,  of  sulphur. 

Sintering  Method  for  Heavy  Sulphide 
Ores 

On  some  ores,  as  those  carrying 
heavy  copper  or  zinc  sulphides,  the 
above  method  will  give  low  results.  In 
such  cases  run  as  follows:  Thoroughly 
mix  I'i  gram  of  ore  with  six  to  eight 
times  its  weight  of  a  mixture  of  ZnO  and 
Na.CO-,  (4:1);  sinter  at  a  low.  red  heat 
for  15  min.  in  a  porcelain  crucible,  leach 
with  warm  water  and  filter.  Acidulate 
the  filtrate  with  HCl  and  5  c.c.  excess 
and   finish  as  above. 

Iron. — Wash  the  bulk  of  the  hydrox- 
ides into  a  tall  300-c.c.  beaker  with  a 
jet  of  water.  Place  the  beaker  under 
the  funnel,  dissolve  the  little  remaining 
hydroxides  through  the  filter  with  dilute 
HCl  (1:1)  using  not  more  than  10  c.c. 
and  wash  the  filter  once.  Dilute  the 
filtrate  to  100  c.c,  add  10  grams  of  test 
lead,  place  on  the  hot  plate  and  boil 
until  colorless.  Remove  from  the  hot 
plate  and  cool  in  cooling  trough  to  room 
temperature.  Decant  into  a  600-c.c. 
Griffin  beaker,  wash  twice  by  decanta- 
tion,  dilute  to  500  c.c.  with  cold  wat-er, 
add  10  c.c.  of  manganous-sulphate  mix- 
tiire  and  titrate  with  permanganate  to 
a  faint  pink.  As  this  method  tends  to 
run  high,  deduct  1  10  c.c.  for  every 
8  c.c.  of  permanganate  used. 

If  accurate  results  are  desired 
on  ores  high  in  iron  the  potassium-di- 
chromate  titration  is  preferably  used, 
the  above  procedure  being  followed  ex- 
cept that  no  manganous-sulphate  so'u- 
tion  is  used  and  the  bulk  is  kept  smaller. 
If  it  is  known  that  no  copper  has  been 
retained  by  the  hydroxides,  the  reduc- 
tion may  be  made  with  stannous  chlo- 
ride, the  excess  of  which  is  taken  up  by 
mercuric  chloride  and  titrated  as  usual. 

If  the  ore  contains  garnet,  or  insol- 
uble iron  silicates,  all  the  iron  will  not 
be  obtained  by  acid  treatment  and  a  car- 
bonate fusion  should  be  made;  or,  as 
an  alternative,  the  finely  ground  ore  is 
treated  in  a  large  platinum  dish  with 
4  c.c.  HNO.,,  6  c.c.  HF,  10  drops  of 
H,SO,  and  evaporated  to  dryness.  If 
no  sulphides  are  present,  use  HCl  in- 
stead of  HNO,;  take  up  with  HCl  and 
run  as  usual. 

Copper  determinations  are  usually 
made  by  the  permanganate  method,  oc- 
casionally checked  by  electrolytic  or 
iodide  methods. 


Per.manganate    and    Electrolytic    De- 
terminations   FOR   Copper 

Permanganate  Method — Weight  0.5  to 
one  gram  ore  into  tall  300-c.c.  beaker,  add 
121  _.  c.c.  of  "dope"  mixture  (1  H.SO,, 
2  HNO„  1  saturated  solution  KCIO.  in 
HNO;).  four  to  10  drops  HF  and- evap- 
orate to  strong  SOa  fumes.  Cool,  add 
60  c.c.  water  and  just  neutralize  with 
ammonia.  Add  5  c.c.  HCl  and  10  to  12 
c.c.  of  sodium  sulphite  (200  grams  per 
liter),  cover  and  set  on  hot  plate.  Bring 
to  boil,  add  five  to  10  c.c.  (according  to 
copper  present)  of  potassium  thiocyan- 
ate  solution  (40  grams  per  Uteri,  boil 
two  minutes  and  remove  from  hot  plate. 
Let  stand  five  minutes  with  covers  on, 
then  five  minutes  without,  and  filter 
through  121-;  cm.  S.  &  S.  No.  597  filter. 
Wash  four  times  with  hot  (not  boiling) 
water.  Place  original  beaker  under  the 
funnel  and  with  a  wash  bottle  treat  the 
precipitate  with  a  boiling  hot  5  per  cent, 
solution  of  sodium  hydroxide.  Use  a 
medium-fine  jet  and  thoroughly  stir  the 
precipitate.  Wash  four  times  with  hot 
water,  cool  the  filtrate  somewhat,  make 
acid  with  slightly  diluted  HjSO,  and  im- 
mediately titrate  with  standard  solution 
of  permanganate,  1  c.c.  which  is  equal 
to  0.01  gram  Fe.  Use  conversion  table 
to  obtain  per  cent,  of  copper.  High 
coppers  should  be  titrated  cold  and  have 
a  bulk  of  not  less  than  200  c.c. 

Eleetrolytic  Method — Weigh  0.5  to 
two  grams  of  ore  into  a  90-c.c.  sloping- 
sided  beaker,  add  6  c.c.  HNOa,  2  c.c. 
HL-SO4  and  2  c.c.  water  and  heat  until 
HNO:;  is  almost  but  not  quite  expelled. 
Add  4  c.c.  HNO3  and  10  c.c.  water  and 
boil  two  minutes.  Cool,  nearly  fill  with 
water  and  electrolyze  for  four  to  five 
hours  at  IV2  amp  in  a  Guess-Haultain 
electrolytic  cabinet.  Wash  electrode  with 
water  then  with  alcohol,  dry  and 
weigh.  The  weighing  is  greatly  facili- 
tated by  using  the  following  system  of 
counter  balances:  The  electrodes  are 
numbered  in  series  and  a  similarly  num- 
bered system  of  aluminum  weights  is 
made,  each  weight  being  made  about 
five  milligrams  heavier  than  its  platinum 
partner.  The  two  are  then  placed  in 
balance  pans,  the  electrode  in  the  left 
hand  pan  and  the  aluminum  weight  in 
the  right,  the  left-hand  rider  then  manip- 
ulated until  the  two  are  in  exact  balance 
and  its  position  entered  in  a  record  book. 

When  the  copper-coated  electrode  is 
to  be  weighed  it  is  but  necessary  to  place 
the  proper  counter  balance  in  the  right- 
hand  pan,  place  the  left-hand  rider  at 
the  mark  indicated  by  the  record  and 
with  the  right-hand  rider  and  weights,  di- 
rectly weigh  the  copper  present,  thus 
doing  away  with  all  subtractions.  As 
the  electrodes  slowly  decrease  in  weight 
through  use  it  is  necessary  to  occa- 
sionally check  the  position  of  the  rider 
and  enter  the  new  position  in  the  record 
book. 


Zinc    Determination 

Weigh   0.5   to    one   gram   of   ore    in  ; 
casserole    and    add    15    c.c.    of    chloratt 
mixture.     Boil  off  most  of  acid  and  adc 
5  c.c.  more  of  the  chlorate  mixture.    Boi 
dry  but  do  not  heat  more  than  enougl 
to   expel    all    HNO3.      Remove    from    he 
plate,  add  about  eight  grams  ammoniur 
chloride,     75    c.c.     water,     15    c.c.     am 
monia.       Boil     two     minutes     and     filte 
through   12Vi;-cm.  S.  &  S.  No.  597  filtei 
Wash  once  with  water  and  once  or  twic 
with    ammonium    chloride    solution     (1 
per  cent.  NH4CI,  5  per  cent.     NH,OH 
If   zinc   is   high,   dissolve   and   reprecip 
tate    hydroxides    and    combine    filtrate 
which  should  have  bulk  of  about  175  c. 
Neutralize    with    HCl    and    add    four 
six  drops  excess.     Add  test  lead  and  be 
five    minutes.      Remove,    add    five    droj 
of     sodium     sulphate     solution,    and 
c.c.  HCl.   Cool  to  about  90  degrees  C.  ai 
titrate    with    potassium    ferrocyanide 
c.c.  =  1  per  cent.  Zn  on  ','>  gram)  using 
per  cent,   solution  of  ammonium  moly 
date   as   indicator.     This  method   insur 
a    minimum    amount    of    lead    going 
solution   and    a   definite    amount   of   H 
being  present. 

Lead    by    Electrolytic    Assay 

Treat    0.885    gram     (use    special    le 
weights)   of  ore  in  a  tall  300-c.c.  beak 
with    15  cc.  of  the  "dope"  mixture  a 
evaporate   to   fumes   of   SO.,.     Cool,  a 
25  c.c.  water  and  bring  to  boil  to  insi 
everything    possible    being    in    ?oluti( 
Now  set  the  beaker  in  an  inclined  po 
tion  in  a  funnel  so  that  the  lead  sulph: 
may  collect  in  one  place,  cool  and  ca 
fully  decant  through  a  S.  &  S.  No.  : 
filter,    keeping   the    lead    as    far   as  pi 
sible  in  the  breaker.     Wash  the  preei 
tates  once  with  a  small  amount  of  Ci 
water,  let  it  settle,  again  decant  throi 
filter,  wash  filter  once  with  a  little  c 
water.  Place  the  beaker  under  the  fun 
and  wash  the  filter  with  40  c.c.  of  boil 
hot  mixture   made   of  20   c.c.    HNO,, 
c.c.  saturated  solution  of  ammonium 
trate   and   5   c.c.   of   water.      Boil   to 
sure   complete    solution    of   PbSO,,  ri 
into    90    c.c.    of   electrolytic    beaker  ; 
electrolyze    hot    for    two    hours   at    fr 
I'i    to   two    amperes.      Wash    electroi 
with  water,  then  with  alcohol,  dry  0 .' 
hot    plate    and    weigh,    using    system 
counter  balances   as  described   for  el 
trolytic  copper.     The  lead  is  precipita  1 
as  a  firmly  adhering  coating  or  hydra  I 
lead    peroxide.      By    taking    0.855   mi  ■ 
grams   of   ore    results    are    read   direi ' 
into  percentages  of  lead. 

If  no  interfering  elements,  antimo . 
bismuth,  molybdenum,  arsenic,  tellurii  • 
are  present,  the  above  method  may  ' 
shortened  as  follows:  Treat  855  ■ 
of  ore  in  a  tall  90-c.c.  bea  f 
with  10  c.c.  HNO,;  when  decompos  1 
add    15    c.c.    saturated    solution    of  ;■ 


October  I,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


649 


monium   nitrate,    10   c.c.    HNO;,    till   with 
hot  water  and  electrolyze  as  above. 

Manganese 

Manganese  is  usually  determined  ac- 
cording to  Volhard's  method,  but  for 
routine  work  titrate  directly  in  presence 
of  precipitated  iron  oxides. 

Antimony 

Thoroughly  mix  one  to  two  grams  of 
ore  with  eight  to  10  parts  of  sodium  car- 
bonate and  sulphur  (1:1)  mixture  and 
fuse  in  a  covered  porcelain  crucible. 
Heat  slowly  for  15  minutes,  finishing  at 
a  medium  red  heat.  Cool  with  cover  on, 
leach  with  hot  water,  and  boil  five  min- 
utes. 

If  precipitate  does  not  settle  well,  or 
solution  appears  green,  add  three  or 
four  grams  of  sodium  sulphite 
I  Na^SO:;)  and  boil  again.  Make  up  to 
200  c.c.  and  filter  through  dry  filter  into 
dry  beaker.  Remove  100  c.c.  with 
pipette  to  300  c.c.  beaker.  Acidify  with 
acetic  acid  using  10  c.c.  excess,  and  boil 
one  minute.  Settle  and  filter  through  a 
smooth  12'_.-cm.  filter.  Wash  precipi- 
tate with  a  jet  into  a  clean  300-c.c. 
beaker;  if  any  precipitate  adheres  to 
filter  dissolve  through  with  dilute  (1:1 
HCl).  Add  an  amount  of  HCl  equal  to 
solution  already  in  beaker,  cover,  heat 
slowly  for  20  minutes  and  boil  five.  Cool 
somewhat,  remove  40  c.c.  of  solution, 
just  neutralize  balance  with  ammonia, 
replace  the  40  c.c.  dilute  to  400  c.c.  and 
titrate  with  permanganate,  1  per  cent. 
Fe  equal   1.07  Sb. 

For  accurate  work  on  high-grade  ores 
and  those  containing  arsenic  the  sul- 
phur on  filter  should  be  dissolved  in  am- 
monium or  sodium  sulphide,  re-precipi- 
tated with  acetic  acid  and  run  as  above. 
Up  to  1  per  cent,  antimony  may  be 
recovered. 

Arsenic 

Mix  0.5  to  one  gram  of  ore  with  six 
to  10  parts  of  ZnO-Na,CO:  mixture 
(4:1)  and  sinter  in  a  porcelain  crucible 
for  15  to  20  minutes.  Start  at  low  heat 
and  increase  to  full  redness.  Leach  with 
hot  water  and  filter.  Boil  solution,  care- 
fully neutralize  with  HNOr;  and  add  just 
four  drops  excess.  Use  litmus  paper  for 
indicator.  See  that  any  alumina  or  zinc 
oxide  that  may  have  run  through  filter 
is  dissolved.  Boil  off  CO,,  remove 
from  hot  plate  and  add  a  solution  of 
silver  nitrate;  0.7  gram  AgNO  is  suffi- 
cient for  0.1  gram  As.  There  should  be 
no  red  precipitate  formed;  if  there  is,  add 
a  little  HNO,.  Now  add  about  one  gram 
of  sodium  acetate  and  stir  rapidly.  Let 
stand  20  minutes,  filter  and  wash.  Dis- 
solve silver  arsenate  through  filter  with 
dilute  HNO.  dilute  and  titrate  with  a 
standard  solution  of  ammonium  thiocya- 
nate,  using  ferric  sulphate  as  an  indi- 
cator. 


Assay  of  Gold  and  Silver  in  Ores 

Except  in  special  cases  run  all  ores  by 
crucible  assay  on  V2  a.  t.  charge  and 
fiux  with  object  of  obtaining  lead  button 
of  approximately  24  grams.  For  care- 
ful work  run  four  charges  of  ',■•  a.  t., 
combine  and  scorify  buttons  in  sets  of 
two,  weigh  the  resultant  silver  buttons 
in  duplicate  and  combine  the  two  but- 
tons for  gold. 

Use  a  scoopful,  80  grams  of  a  stock 
flux  to  a  charge,  adding  flour  or  niter  as 
described  below  to  produce  a  button  of 
the  proper  size.  The  two  stock  fluxes, 
both  of  the  excess  litharge  type,  are  so 
made  that  one,  the  reducing,  will  give  a 
button  of  the  proper  size  on  a  strictly 
neutral  ore.  The  other,  the  non-reduc- 
ing, will  produce  a  24-gram  button  on  an 
ore  containing  15  per  cent,  of  pyrite  or 
an  equivalent  amount  of  other  sulphides. 
With  ores  containing  much  iron  or  man- 
i;anese  oxide,  add  from  '4  to  'j  gram 
of  flour.  Determine  the  amount  of 
sulphides  present  either  by  panning  or 
by  preliminary  fusion.  With  experience, 
good  results  by  panning  can  be  obtained 
with  ores  containing  not  over  40  per 
cent,  of  pyrite. 

For  high  sulphides  and  ores  requiring 
accurate  results,  proceed  as  follows: 
Weigh  out  3.64  grams  of  the  ore,  using 
a  special  weight  made  for  the  purpose, 
and  run  as  a  preliminary  in  a  10-gr^m 
crucible  using  about  50  grams  of  non- 
reducing  fiux.  This  will  give  a  lead 
button  weighing  exactly  as  much  as  the 
niter  necessary  to  oxidize  all  the  sul- 
phides in  '-J  a.  t.  of  the  same  ore.  Place 
the  lead  button  obtained  in  one  scale  pan 
and  from  the  hook  above  the  other  scale 
pan  suspend  by  means  of  a  fine  wire 
loop  another  weight.  This  weight  and 
loop  are  united  and  weigh  6  grams.  Now 
add  niter  to  the  side  having  the  6-gram 
weight  until  the  scale  is  in  balance. 

This  is  just  the  amount  necessary  to 
add  to  the  Vi-a.  t.  charge  to  oxidize  the 
excess  sulphides.  If  this  is  properly 
done  the  whole  operation  can  be  quickly 
performed  and  the  results  will  be  ac- 
curate. 

Using    the    Hawley    Balance 

About  the  same  results  can  be  ob- 
tained by  means  of  the  Hawley  balance, 
which  is  so  constructed  that  when  the 
lead  button  from  a  preliminary  of  I  /lO 
a.  t.  is  placed  on  the  scale  pan,  the 
pointer  will  indicate  on  the  dial  the  num- 
ber of  scoopfuls  of  niter  necessary.  A 
scoopful  contains  4.2  grams  and  will 
oxidize  10  per  cent,  of  pyrite.  As  part 
of  the  cover,  place  about  20  grams  of 
litharge  in  a  pile  on  one  side  of  the 
charge.  As  the  charge  melts,  this  lith- 
arge, owing  to  its  heavier  weight,  sinks 
through  the  molten  mass  to  the  but- 
ton and  is  useful  in  o::idizing  copper  and 
other  impurities  in  the  lead.  Use  salt 
as   a    general    thing    for   the   rest   of  the 


cover,  though  borax  is  preferable  on  a 
basic   charge. 

On  all  unknown  ores,  insure  a  silver 
button  large  enough  to  readily  weigh, 
by  adding  to  the  charge  1  c.c.  of  a  solu- 
tion of  silver  nitrate  containing  1  mg. 
silver  to  1  c.c.  of  solution,  and  then 
subtract  1  mg.  from  the  weighing. 

The  excess  litharge  charge  used  will 
permit  of  successfully  running  an  ore 
containing  up  to  12  per  cent.  Cu.  If 
the  copper  content  is  higher  than  this, 
run  as  follows:  As  soon  as  the  charge 
is  poured,  put  into  the  crucible  about  00 
grams  of  litharge  with  which  has  been 
mixed  a  little  silica  and  place  back  in 
the  muffle.  As  soon  as  this  is  melted, 
drop  the  button  into  the  litharge  and 
leave  in  the  muffle  for  four  or  five  min- 
utes. Withdraw  the  crucible,  and  with 
the  tongs  give  the  contents  a  rapid  swirl- 
ing motion  for  several  minutes.  This 
brings  every  part  of  the  button  in  con- 
tact with  the  molten  litharge  and  rapidly 
oxidizes  the  copper.  One  treatment  will 
oxidize  and  force  into  the  slag  12  to  15 
per  cent.  Cu.  and  will  therefore  be 
all  that  is  necessary  on  an  ore  running 
not  over  25  per  cent.  Cu.  The  lead 
button  is  cupelled  at  the  temperature  to 
form  "feathers"  and  the  bead  is  weighed 
and  parted   in  the  usual  manner. 

Chilled   Blast    Furnace   Slags 

Silica — Run  in  duplicate.  Weigh  0.5 
gram  into  a  SVij-in.  casserole,  add  5  c.c. 
of  chlorate  mixture  and  agitate  for  two 
or  three  minutes  to  prevent  sticking; 
then  while  still  agitating,  add  five  to  six 
drops  HCl.  Place  on  the  hot  plate, 
shake  for  a  minute  or  so  more,  and 
evaporate  to  dryness.  When  apparently 
dry,  cover  with  watch  glass  and  bake  at 
a  gentle  heat  for  10  minutes.  Remove, 
cool,  add  5  c.c.  water,  10  c.c.  HCl,  di- 
gest a  few  minutes  and  break  up  any 
lumps  with  a  blunt  stirring  rod.  Rinse 
off  rod  and  heat  contents  of  casserole  to 
boiling.  Add  25  c.c.  of  water  and  boil 
again.  Remove,  settle,  decant  through 
12'-:!-cm.  S.  &  S.  filter,  wash  once  by 
decantation,  rinse  silica  into  filter,  wash 
with  hot  dilute  HCl  and  then  twice  with 
water.  Place  filter  in  an  annealing  cup, 
ignite  and  weigh.  This  method  is  not  ap- 
plicable with  slags  containing  barium. 

Alumina — The  filtrate  from  one  of  the 
silicas  is  caught  in  a  500-c.c.  Erienmeyer 
flask,  just  neutralized  with  ammonia  and 
then  run  by  phosphate  method  as  for 
ores.  If  much  copper  is  present  it  must 
be  eliminated  by  making  a  preliminarv 
precipitation  of  the  hydroxides. 

Lime — Catch  the  filtrate  from  the 
duplicate  silica  in  a  300-c.c.  Erienmeyer 
flask  and  carefully  add  ammonia  until 
about  half  the  hydroxides  are  precipitated. 
Now  add  six  to  eight  grams  of  am- 
nionium  oxalate  and  boil  five  or  10 
minutes.  The  hydroxides  should  be  en- 
tirely dissolved.  Filter,  wash  four  or 
five  times  with  hot  water  and  titrate  with 


650 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


permanganate  as  described  for  ores.  The 
precipitated  calcium  oxalate  frequently 
appears  a  trifle  yellow  from  traces  of 
iron,  but  this  does  not  affect  the  results. 
Iron — Weigh  O.S  gram  into  a  tall  300- 
c.c.  beaker,  add  75  c.c.  water,  cover  with 
watch  glass  and  heat  to  boiling.  When 
boiling  briskly  add  a  little  at  a  time  15 
c.c.  of  HCl.  Boil  gently  for  10  minutes, 
add  sufficient  sta.inous  chloride  to  re- 
duce the  iron,  and  place  in  cooling 
trough.  When  partly  cooled  add  an  e.\- 
cess  of  mercuric  chloride  and  titrate  with 
potassium  bichromate.  Report  as  ferrous 
o.\ide;  1  c.c.  K,Cr,OT  =  0.005  gram 
FeO.  In  grinding  slags  to  100  mesh  on 
an  iron  bucking  board  much  metallic 
iron,  I  per  cent,  or  more,  is  introduced 
into  the  sample.  For  this  reason  grind 
only  to  50  mesh  on  the  iron  plate  and 
finish  grinding  to  100  mesh  in  an  agate 
mortar,  this  keeping  the  iron  introduced 
down  to  0.2  or  0.3  per  cent. 

Reverberatory    and    Unchilled    Slags 

Silica — These  slags  do  not  decompose 
well  with  acids  and  are  run  for  silica  by 
a  carbonate  fusion,  the  same  as  for  ores. 

Lime — The  filtrate  from  the  silica  is 
Tun  for  lime  exactly  as  on  the  furnace 
and  settler  slags. 

Iron — Weigh  0.5  gram  into  a  large 
platinum  dish.  Add  3  c.c.  HNO,,  10 
drops  H:S04,  then  add  10  c.c.  of  HF. 
Heat  until  perfectly  dry  but  not  enough 
to  decompose  ferric  sulphate.  Cool,  add 
30  c.c.  water  and  5  c.c.  HCI.  Heat  un- 
til solution  is  effected,  but  do  not  heat 
longer  than  necessary  as  the  ferric 
chloride  and  HCl  together  will  slowly 
attack  the  platinum.  Rinse  into  a  tall 
beaker,  reduce,  and  titrate  with  bichro- 
mate as  with  other  slags. 

Alumina — Weigh  0.5  gram  into  a  large 
platinum  dish  and  decompose  with 
HNO„  H.SO4,  and  HF  as  in  iron  de- 
termination. After  all  H=  SOi  is  driven 
off,  add  10  drops  more  H^Sd  and  heat 
again  to  complete  dryness.  This  is  to  ex- 
pel all  traces  of  HF  which  even  in  small 
amounts  seriously  lowers  the  alumina 
assay.  Dissolve  the  residue  in  water 
and  HCl,  rinse  into  a  600-c.c.  beaker, 
and  just  neutralize  with  ammonia.  From 
this  point  run  as  for  chilled  slag. 

Zinc,  manganese,  magnesia  and  sul- 
phur are  determined  by  the  same  method 
in  both   chilled   and   unchilled  slags. 

Zinc — Weigh  0.5  gram  into  a  3V>-in. 
casserole,  add  5  c.c.  chlorate  mixture,  5 
c.c.  HCl,  12  drops  H^SO,  and  15  drops 
HF,  in  the  order  named,  at  the  same 
time  shaking  the  casserole  to  prevent 
sticking.  Put  on  hot  plate  and  heat  un- 
til all  acids,  including  H.SOi  arc  ex- 
pelled. Remove,  cool  somewhat,  add  5 
C.c.  chlorate  mixture  and  3  c.c.  water. 
Again  evaporate  to  dryness,  taking  care 
not  to  over-heat.    Then  run  as  for  ores. 

Manganese — Weigh  0.5  to  one  gram  in 


a  tall  300-c.c.  beaker  and  while  agitating, 
add  5  c.c.  HNO,,  3  c.c.  H=SO.  and  15 
drops  HF.  Heat  the  fumes  of  SO3  and 
run  as  for  ores. 

Magnesia — Weigh  0.5  to  one  gram  and 
treat  as  for  manganese,  only  1  c.c. 
HiSO,,  however,  being  used.  Heat,  to 
SO:,  fume,  cool,  add  5  c.c.  water,  25 
c.c.  HCl  and  boil  until  all  anhydrous  sul- 
phates are  in  solution.  Dilute  to  about 
100  c.c,  add  a  slight  excess  of  NH.OH 
and  five  to  10  c.c.  of  bromine  water  and 
boil.  Filter,  precipitate  lime  as  oxalate 
and  run  as  for  ores. 

Sulphur — Weigh  0.5  to  one  gram  in 
tall  300-c.c.  beaker,  add  10  c.c.  chlorate 
mixture  and  let  stand  in  cool  place,  with 
frequent  agitations,  for  five  minutes. 
Place  on  hot  plate  and  when  boiling  add 
5  c.c.  HCl.  Boil  briskly  five  minutes 
and  again  add  5  c.c.  HCl.  Repeat  stil!  a 
third  time  and  then  take  to  dryness.  Take 
up  with  5  c.c.  HCl,  boil  and  dilute  to 
about  75  c.c.  Add  excess  of  ammonia, 
boil,  filter  into  400-c.c.  Griffin  beaker  and 
boil  down  filtrate  to  about  50  c.c.  Make 
acid  with  2-c.c.  excess  of  HCl  and  while 
boiling  slowly  add  an  excess  of  hot 
barium-chloride  solution.  Boil  10  min- 
utes, settle  in  hot  place  for  an  hour  or 
more.  Filter  through  12%-cm.  S.  &  S. 
No.  589  filter,  ignite  and  weigh. 

Copper  by  Electrolysis — Weigh  one 
gram  of  slag  into  tall  150-c.c.  beaker, 
add  8  c.c.  of  nitric  sulphuric  mixture 
(1  H.O,  2  HNO::,  I  H.SO^).  shake 
around  in  beaker  and  add  20  drops 
hydrofluoric.  Place  on  hot  plate  while 
still  agitating  and  heat  until  nitric  fumes 
are  almost  but  not  quite  expelled.  Re- 
move, cool,  add  3  c.c.  of  HNO3  and  15 
c.c.  water  and  heat  until  everything  pos- 
sible is  in  solution.  Rinse  into  special 
90-c.c.  sloping-sided  beaker  and  cool. 
Fill  with  cold  water  and  electrolyze  for 
four  hours  at  1.2  amperes,  using  Guess- 
Haultain  electrolytic  cabinet.  Now  re- 
move the  beaker  and  original  solution 
from  the  cabinet  and  substitute  in  its 
place  a  clean  beaker  containing  10  c.c.  of 
special  acid  mixture  (1000  c.c.  HiO,  500 
c.c.  HNO.„  500  c.c.  H,SO,  75  grams 
NH,NO  )  and  then  fill  with  water.  By 
means  of  a  double-throw  switch  reverse 
the  current  for  a  few  seconds,  the  copper 
quickly  going  into  solution  again.  Now, 
throw  off  the  current,  remove  the  solu- 
tion to  another  portion  of  the  cabinet  con- 
taining clean  electrodes  and  re-precipi- 
tate the  copper.  About  3%.  hours  is 
sufficient.  The  first  deposit  of  copper 
always  contains  a  small  amount  of  im- 
purities, usually  0.02  to  0.04  per  cent, 
but  the  second  one  is  pure. 

Matte  Determinations 
Copper — Run  by  electrolysis  if  very 
accurate  results  are  wanted,  as  the  per- 
manganate method  is  not  altogether  sat- 
isfactory for  copper  over  25  per  cent. 
For  quick  results  use  the  cyanide  method 
and  apply  correction  for  amount  of  zinc 


known  to  be  present.  For  the  electrolytic 
determination,  weigh  one  gram  of  pulp 
into  an  extra  tall  200-c.c.  beaker,  add  10 
c.c.  HiSOi,  3  c.c.  water  and  10  c.c. 
H,SO,.  Boil  off  about  two-thirds  of 
the  HNO:„  remove  and  add  HNO=  to 
make  up  to  a  15-c.c.  mark  previously 
placed  on  the  beaker.  Add  30  c.c.  of 
water,  2  grams  ammonium  nitrate  and 
three  drops  of  permanganate.  Dilute  to 
200-c.c.  mark  and  electrolyze  over  night 
at   '  J  ampere. 

Iron — By  same  method  as  for  ores. 

Sulphur — By  sintering  method  given 
for  ores. 

Bullion  Analyses 


i 


Copper — Weigh  10  grams  into  a  large 
fiask,  add  150  c.c.  water  and,  a  little  at  a 
time,  90  c.c.  HNO3.  See  that  solution  is 
complete  and  boil  off  nitrous  fumes.  Add 
a  slight  excess  of  sodium-chloride  solution 
(5  grams  per  liter;  1  c.c.  NaCl  equals 
about  10  mg.  Ag),  boil  a  minute  to  coagu- 
late silver  chloride,  cool  somewhat  and 
filter  through  a  Munktell's  No.  0  filter  into 
a  liter  flask.  Cool  to  room  temperature, 
make  up  to  liter  mark  and  shake  until 
thoroughly  mixed.  With  a  pipette  take 
duplicate  portions  of  100  c.c.  each  into 
special  tall  beakers  (SJS  in.  tall  by  2  in. 
diameter),  add  20  c.c.  of  ammonium-ni- 
trate solution  (600  c.c.  H.Sa,  300  c.c. 
HNO3,  500  c.c.  H=0,  400  grams  NH4NO3) 
and  electrolyze  18  to  20  hours,  beginning 
at  li  and  increasing  to  '_>  amp.,  using 
cathode  of  100  sq.cm.  surface  of  the 
Guess-Haultain  pattern.  Remove  elec- 
trode, wash  once  with  water,  rinse  with 
used  alcohol  and  once  with  pure  alcohol, 
dry  over  hot  plate  and  weigh,  using  sys- 
tem of  counterbalances  as  described 
under  electrolytic  copper  assay,  to  facili- 
tate the  weighing. 

Gold  and  Silver — Weigh  one  assay  ton 
in  duplicate  into  600-c.c.  covered  Griffin 
beakers,  add  150  c.c.  water  and  90  c.c. 
HNOs,  a  little  at  a  time  until  dissolved. 
Rinse  down  cover  and  sides,  cool  in  cool- 
ing trough,  dilute  with  cold  water  to  400- 
500  c.c,  add  a  slight  excess  of  dilute 
NaCl  solution  (5  grams  per  liter),  stii 
vigorously  for  a  minute  or  so  and  lei 
stand  over  night.  Next  morning  filtei 
through  Munktell's  No.  0  filter,  wash 
once,  scatter  a  few  grams  of  standard 
reducing  flux  over  the  precipitate,  plact' 
filter  in  20-gram  crucible  containing  f 
small  amount  of  reducing  flux,  heat  ir 
door  of  muffle  until  filter  paper  is  charrec 
and  add  enough  more  flux  to  make  ; 
regular  charge  and  run  as  usual.  H 
quick  results  are  wanted,  follow  the  so 
dium  chloride  with  a  little  H-SO4  am 
lead  acetate,  stir  vigorously  for  severs 
minutes,  filter  and  run  as  before. 


In  the  equipment  of  mines  in  Mexici 
the  delay  in  securing  repairs  or  new  part; 
is  often  overlooked  by  those  who  havi 
not  had  experience  in  that  field. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


651 


The  Altar  Gold  Placer  Fields  of  Sonora,  Mexico 

Exploitation  of  Placers  in  Country  Previously  Worked.      Successful  Treatment  for  Ce- 
mented Conglomerate  Claimed  for  Quenner  Machine.      Available  Country  All  Denounced 


SPECIAL 


CORRESPONDENCE 


The  Altar  gold-placer  fields  are  at  pres- 
■nt  attracting  widespread  attention  in  the 
southwest,  so  a  description  of  the  country 
md  the  mining  methods  there  employed 
vill  be  of  interest.  The  rush  to  the  Altar 
iistrict  so  far  has  been  confined  to  the 
ienouncement  of  the  ground  under  the 
Vlexican  mining  laws,  and  since  it  is  not 
lossible  to  acquire  title  to  work  t.ie 
;round  within  five  or  six  months  it  will 
)e  autumn  before  there  can  be  great 
ictivity  in  operations.  Some  denouncers 
)f  ground  have  made  application  to  the 
lepartment  of  fomento  of  Mexico  to  op- 
;rate  the  Quenner  dry-pulverizing  and 
separating  machine  on  their  ground  for 
he  purposes  of  exploration  only.  If  this 
)ermission  is  granted  it  is  possible  that  a 
lumber  of  the  machines  will  be  installed 
n  the  Baludo  and  Cienega  districts,  and 
he  value  of  the  ground  will  be  proved 


encountered.  Cienega  is  about  14  miles 
west  of  Baludo,  and  gold  was  found  in 
almost  every  cafion  and  in  the  wide  val- 
ley between  Baludo  and  Cienega  itself. 
In  these  cations  nuggets  ranging  in 
weight  up  to  14  lb.  were  found  practically 
on  the  surface.  Then  the  loose  soil  and 
sand  'were  worked  over  and  over,  and 
many  millions  were  taken  out  of  the  field, 
the  gold  in  25-lb.  bricks  being  transported 
on  the  backs  of  burros.  When  the 
loose  sands  were  all  worked  over  the 
gambticinos  continued  to  delve  into  the 
argamasa  wherever  they  could,  long  tun- 
nels were  run  to  follow  rich  streaks  and 
many  lives  lost  from  the  caving  of  work- 
ings. 

Country  All  Worked  Over 

This  work  was  continued   for  a  period 
of  200  years,  and  now  for  miles  and  miles 


District  Received  Setback  from  High 
Government  Royalties 
In  the  year  1844  the  government  of- 
ficials issued  a  decree  which  the  gold 
workers  considered  arbitrary,  and  the 
fields  were  partially  abandoned,  as  with 
the  heavy  royalty  exacted  they  could  not 
make  the  operations  pay.  At  this  time, 
following  the  rush  into  the  Cienega  fields, 
the  city  of  Cienega  had  been  established, 
and,  augmented  by  a  rush  from  Chihua- 
hua, Durango,  Sinaloa  and  other  parts  of 
Mexico,  had  rapidly  grown  to  a  pop- 
ulation of  between  20,000  and  30,000 
inhabitants  and  become  the  capital  of  the 
district.  Every  now  and  then  a  great  nug- 
get was  uncovered.  Many  of  these  bore 
strange  resemblances  to  men  and  beasts, 
and  were  christened  accordingly.  One 
was  named  after  "Our  Lady  of  Guada- 
lupe,"  another,    found   in   Bocoachi,   was 


llljjj^^ 


f^afc*^        .X  ,    .■<^'^>;i  V 


T-iPicAL  Views  in  the  Altar  Goldfield,  Showing    Primitive    Native    Diggings 


jefore  any  great  expenditure  of  money 
s  made. 

Early  History 

The  history  of  the  Altar  goldfields  of 
Sonora  dates  back  to  1799.  when  gold  was 
discovered  by  a  party  of  soldiers  sent  out 
from  Altar,  the  capital  city,  to  chastise 
the  Seri  Indians,  a  tribe  that  inhabitated 
the  Tiburon  island  and  which  made  de- 
predations on  the  west  coast,  along  the 
Gulf  of  California.  Gold  ranging  in  size 
from  a  lentil  to  that  of  a  bean  (many 
larger  nuggets  were  picked  up  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  sands)  was  discovered  in  a 
gulch  at  what  is  now  Baludo.  A  rush 
followed,  and  gold  was  found  in  many 
cafions  adjacent  to  this  original  discovery. 
The  old  San  Francisco  mine,  a  tunnel  mine, 
was  opened  in  the  bed  of  gold-bearing 
.cement  gravel,  or  argamasa,  which  is  the 
predominant  formation  of  the  Altar  fields. 

The  discoveries  led  further  west,  till 
finally  the  rich  deposits  of  Cienega  were 


in  every  direction,  at  Baludo,  at  Cienega, 
at  Las  Palomas,  Cajon  and  a  dozen  other 
places  the  whole  surface  of  the  country 
is  torn  up,  presenting  a  curious  mingling 
of  heaps  of  tailings  from  dry-washing 
machines,  caved-in  tunnels,  wide  trenches 
and  great  holes  in  the  ground.  The  cav- 
ing continues,  and  several  times  in  rid- 
ing over  this  treacherous  ground  on  my 
mule,  which  is  the  only  animal  that  may 
be  trusted  in  such  exploration,  I  passed 
caverns  which  had  evidently  only  been 
exposed  a  few  hours.  In  some  places 
the  pits  are  40  ft.  deep,  and  occasionally 
one  notices  at  the  bottom  of  these  the  arc 
of  what  was  originally  the  mouth  of  a 
tunnel,  now  filled  in  with  debris.  The 
native  workmen  seem  to  have  followed 
no  general  method  of  mining,  merely  fol- 
lowing the  channel  wherever  it  went; 
when  the  shallow  surface  caved  in  be- 
hind thcin,  they  opened  another  shaft 
on  the  extension  of  the  channel  as  indi- 
cated. 


named  "La  Cabeza  del  Burro,"  because 
it  so  much  resembled  the  head  of  a 
burro.  Much  of  the  mining  was  done  by 
peons,  and  under  some  of  the  padrones 
the  workmen  were  given  all  the  nuggets 
that  would  not  pass  through  the  screen 
u.sed  to  separate  the  pulverized  argamasa 
before  feeding  it  over  the  dry  washer. 
The  workmen  were  required,  however,  to 
sell  the  gold  to  their  masters  at  a  price 
not  exceeding  $12  or  S14  an  ounce,  if 
they  sold  it  at  all.  The  padrone  or  gold 
baron  thus  realized  nearly  half  the  value 
of  the  big  nuggets,  as  well  as  acquiring 
outright  all  the  oro  fino. 

Stamp  Mill  Proved  Failure 

Several  years  ago,  following  the  re- 
ports of  many  engineers  sent  into  the 
Altar  field,  operations  were  revived. 
Americans  and  French  especially  laid  out 
many  gigantic  schemes  for  handling  the 
ground  that  the  Spaniards  and  Mexicans 
could  not  work,  at  depths  ranging  from 


652 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


five  to  500  ft. ;  but  the  necessity  of  bringing 
water  from  the  gulf,  or  of  solving  the 
crushing  problem,  proved  so  much  of  a 
barrier  that  none  of  these  schemes  were 
ever  perfected.  Then  followed  the  in- 
stallation of  the  50-stamp  mill  at  El  Tiro, 
Baludo.  Water  was  piped  from  Trincheras, 
16  miles  away,  and  the  mill  started  to 
operate  on  material  from  the  old  San 
Francisco  worki;'gs.  The  stamp  mill  did 
not  recover  the  gold,  and  after  a  con- 
solidation with  the  Llanos  de  Ore  mine 
owners,  operated  for  a  while  on  ore  from 
the  Tiro  lode.  The  mill  is  now  In  litiga- 
tion. 

The  Quenner  .Machine  Perfected 

About  a  year  ago  M.  Quenner  perfected 
his  dry-pulveriing  machine.'  Its  merit  is 
in  its  simplicity.  It  is  merely  a  6- ft. 
trunnion-driven  trommel  screen  (revolved 
at  the  rate  of  28  r.p.m.)  through  which 
passes  a  shaft  to  which  are  attached,  in 
spiral  arrangement,  chains  on  the  ends  of 
which  are  hammers.  These  hammers  are 
revolved  at  the  rate  of  400  r.p.m.,  and 
have  a  striking  power  of  about  1800  lb. 
They  clear  the  trommel  screen's  inside 
surface  by  ;4  in.  and  are  suspended  so 
as  to  strike  edgewise.  It  was  found  that 
this  machine  would  crush  the  argamasa 
into  dust,  at  the  same  time  discarding  the 
useless  pebbles  and  rock  at  one  end,  thus 
giving  a  product  for  the  dry-washing  ma- 
chines. It  is  claimed  to  have  a  capacity 
of  about  500  tons  per  day.  The  machine 
weighs  only  800  lb.  and  costs  SI 500.  The 
other  necessary  equipment  for  a  plant 
to  treat  the  argamasa  comprises  an  en- 
gine to  operate  the  machine,  boilers  and 
hoisting  engine,  not  representing  in  all  a 
first  cost  of  more  than  S4000. 

Quenner  took  a  lease  on  the  tailing 
dumps  of  the  stamp  mill,  and  put  through 
his  one  machine  80,000  tons  of  material 
at  a  great  profit.  Then  the  American  Ore 
Milling  Company  was  organized  at  Doug- 
las, Ariz.,  to  protect  the  patents  on  the 
machine  and  to  put  it  on  the  market.  The 
American  rights  have  been  sold  to  New 
Yorkers,  and  it  will  be  manufactured  in 
that  city.  At  present  the  machines  are 
sold  in  Douglas,  and  turned  out  by  Roy  & 
Titcomb,  of  Nogales,  Ariz. 
High-grade  Channel  Worked  at  Profit 

The  American  Ore  Milling  Company,  to 
demonstrate  the  machine,  took  a  lease  on 
what  is  termed  the  Bray  ground  at 
Baludo.  The  high-grade  gold  channel  is 
there  developed,  bedrock  being  130  ft. 
deep.  The  one  machine  is  now  recover- 
ing gold  from  the  Bray  lease  at  the  rate 
of  50  oz.  per  day.  I  saw  one  day's  clean- 
up that  ran  sixty  odd  ounces.  So  far  the 
company  has  not  been  able  to  put  more 
than  100  tons  per  day  through  the  ma- 
chine. Half  of  this  tonnage  is  taken  from 
the  mine  and  half  from  a  dump. 

The  rich  underground  channel  at  this 
place   is   already   developed;    hence    the 


returns  realized  are  phenomenal.  But 
meantime  others  have  demonstrated  that 
it  is  not  necessary  to  have  the  original 
channel  developed  to  make  the  argamasa 
in  the  Altar  field  pay.  At  Santa  Rosa, 
Stonestreet  and  associates  have  installed 
a  Quenner  machine,  using  conveyers  to 
take  the  fines  from  the  machine  to  the 
dry  washers,  and  with  a  force  of  six  men 
are  operating  successfully  on  material 
quarried  from  a  slope. 

Old  Workings  Shallow 

The  old  timers  in  the  Cienega  and 
Baludo  fields  could  not  work  the  argamasa 
at  any  great  depth.  Because  of  the  great 
scarcity  of  water,  work  has  seemed"  hope- 
less unless  some  dry  method  of  recover- 
ing the  gold  could  be  devised.  The  ques- 
tion that  naturally  arises  now  is  this: 
Did  the  former  workers  follow  the  under- 
ground channels  in  the  Cienega  field  to 
the  point  of  taking  out  so  much  of  the 
gold    that    those    now    denouncing    the 


Altar  Field  in  a  Region  of  Much 
Erosion 

The  gold-bearing  argamasa  reaches 
such  great  depth  in  the  Altar  fields  as 
to  indicate  that  erosion  must  have  been 
unusually  heavy  between  the  Sierra 
Madres  and  the  Gulf  of  California.  Moun- 
tains which  are  today  gentle  ridges  have 
been  cut  down  and  washed  away  by  the 
action  of  the  sea  and  of  torrential  rains, 
so  that  what  appears  today  to  be  the 
apexes  of  gold-bearing  quartz  veins  are 
in  reality  their  roots,  which  accounts  for 
the  fact  that  although  the  Altar  gold  dis- 
trict has  for  years  been  known  as  an  in- 
^■iting  auriferous  placer  field,  nearly  every 
denouncement  of  white  quartz  vein  has 
proved  a  disappointment.  What  rich  veins 
were  left  by  the  action  of  erosion  were 
fcllowed  by  the  Spanish  workers  to  the 
shallow  depths  that  exhausted  them.  The 
notable  gold  mines  of  the  Altar  districi 
occur  almost  without  exception  in  the 
later  intrusives. 


Dry-placer  Operations  with  Quenner  Machine  near  Baludo,  Sonora 


'Eno.    and    Mi.n.    Jouun.,    Apill    :;.'!,    liilo, 
p.  «r>8. 


ground  therein  will  be  disappointed  in 
reopening  these  old  workings?  My  ob- 
servations would  lead  me  to  believe  that 
just  as  they  neglected  to  follow  the  origi- 
nal discovery  into  the  Baludo  valley,  so 
they  could  not  follow  the  hundred  ravine 
channels  in  the  Cienega  field  far  below  a 
point  where  the  argamasa  ran  to  a  depth 
of  30  or  40  ft.  At  the  same  time  I  per- 
sonally examined  cations  where  tunnels 
had  been  run  in  as  far  as  500  ft.  This, 
however,  was  possible  only  where  the 
argamasa  was  comparatively"  soft,  and 
where  bedrock  was  not  below  40  ft.  from 
the  surface.  These  shallow  tunnels  were 
usually  followed  from  the  workings  at 
the  head  of  the  canon,  with  bedrock  ris- 
ing on  either  side  to  indicate  the  direction 
of  the  flow,  and  in  no  instance  in  the 
whole  field  does  one  of  these  tunnels  run 
below  the  mouth  of  the  cai'ion  leading 
immediately  away  from  the  lode  which 
enriched  the  ground.  This  means  that  the 
valley  country   is  practically  unexplored. 


The     Argamasa     a     Cemented     Con 
glomerate 

The  argamasa  is  a  conglomerate  o 
varying  degrees  of  fineness,  containin. 
much  mica,  hematite,  black  sand,  quart 
and  country- rock  fragments  cementei 
with  calcite.  The  gold  is  embedded  witl 
the  black  sand.  The  Quenner  machin 
pulverizes  the  conglomerate,  and  the  dr 
washers  leave  only  the  black  sand  an. 
the  gold,  which  is  hand  panned.  The  blacl 
sand  is  saved  as  a  concentrate,  and  con 
tains  a  residue  of  fine  flour  gold.  A 
Baludo  the  conglomerate  is  rather  coarse 
and  the  underground  channel  which  i 
proving  so  rich  is  easily  differentiate* 
from  the  more  barren  argamasa  on  eithe 
side  by  a  delicate  iron  stain.  At  Baludo,  d 
the  Bray  lease,  the  channel  of  an  ancier 
water  course  between  rock  bank 
is  proving  rich  in  gold;  this  forma 
tion  is  also  pink.  In  the  Cieneg 
district  two  former  waterfalls  were  en 
countered   by   the   Spanish   and   Mexicai 


October  I,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


653 


workers.  At  both  the  tunnels  were 
abandoned,  as  the  miners  did  not  seem 
to  realize  the  conditions  or  the  fact  that 
highly  enriched  pockets  might  be  un- 
covered just  below  the  falls.  At  Las 
Palomas  the  argamasa  is  in  a  great  meas- 
ure much  finer  than  that  at  Baludo,  and 
the  stain  of  iron  more  pronounced.  In 
the  original  discovery  made  by  the  Pap- 
ago  Indian,  Huaquila,  the  gold  content 
ran  extremely  high,  and  the  Spokane  men 
who  have  organized  a  five-million-dollar 
corporation  to  operate  there  have  de- 
nounced all  the  ground  surrounding  this 
original  discovery. 

All  Available  Ground  Denounced 
As  previously  stated,  nearly  all  the 
Altar  gold  district  has  been  denounced 
end  redenounced  several  times  within  the 
last  few  years,  but  usually  given  up 
when  it  was  found  that  development  by 
water  processes  or  stamp  mills  would 
not  pay.  Some  of  the  men  who  released 
their  holdings,  on  learning  of  the  success 
of  the  Quenner  machine,  were  the  first 
to  again  rush  into  the  fields.  Under  the 
Alexican  mining  law  exploration  of  a 
prospect  is  permitted,  but  it  is  not  per- 
mitted to  make  shipment  of  metal  or  ore. 
It  will  therefore  be  October  or  November 
before  the  shipment  of  gold  from  Cienega 
and  other  points  other  than  Baludo  will 
begin.  Meantime,  however,  the  denounce- 
ment of  ground  has  gone  on  at  a  rate 
probably  never  before  equaled  in  the 
republic  of  Mexico.  Thousands  of  per- 
tenencias  have  been  denounced  within  60 
days  and  there  is  not  an  acre  of  ground 
open  in  all  the  vast  fields  of  Cienega, 
Baludo  or  Las  Palomas.  The  ground  is 
usually  picked  because  of  the  evidences 
of  placer  workings  in  the  past  and  on 
the  record  of  the  various  canons,  to- 
gether with  dry  washing  conducted  on  the 
field.  There  is  no  virgin  ground  in  any 
of  the  districts  of  the  Altar  goldfield  men- 
tioned, one  canon  being  merely  a  repeti- 
tion of  the  next,  up  and  down  the  moun- 
tain ranges.  The  same  is  true  of  the 
placer  fields  to  the  east  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  railroad,  at  Bocoachi,  Magdalena 
and  Santa  Ana. 


Batopilas  Mining  Company 


No  Copper  in  Campeche 

Discussing  the  mention  of  copper 
mines  in  the  State  of  Campeche.  Mexico, 
near  Champoton,  referred  to  by  Sapper 
in  his  book  entitled  "Geology  of  the  Pen- 
insula of  Yucatan,"  Fernando  Urbina  in 
a  communication  to  the  Mexican  Geolog- 
ical Society  says  he  could  obtain  at 
Champoton  no  data  concerning  the  loca- 
tion or  existence  of  such  mines  and  for 
this  reason  he  believes  they  do  not  exist. 
Nor  had  any  resident  heard  of  them.  He 
was  informed  that  two  days  from  Cham- 
poton was  a  spring,  the  water  from  which 
appeared  to  contain  copper.  He  procured 
samples  of  this  water  and  by  test  found  it 
contained  no  trace  of  copper. 


With  assets  of  512,716,970  and  lia- 
bilities of  $9,448,436,  the  Batopilas  Min- 
ing Company  for  the  fiscal  year  1909 
shows  a  surplus  of  S3.268,534.  The 
bullion  in  fine  silver  amounted  to  1,047,- 
625  oz.  in  1027  bars,  returning  an  aver- 
age of  51.43c.  per  oz.  Of  the  total  re- 
turns, the  native  silver  ores  yielded  68 
per  cent.,  although  constituting  only  3 
per  cent,   of  the   tonnage    treated. 

A  concentration  of  57:1  was  secured 
in  milling  30,267  tons  of  low-grade  ore. 
The  first-  and  second-class  concentrates, 
averaging  8055  and  193  oz.  per  ton  re- 
spectively, yielded  259,376  oz.  of  silver, 
an  increase  of  30  per  cent,  over  the  year 
1908.  This  class  of  ore  is  largely  a  by- 
product in  mining  the  native  silver,  al- 
though it  paid  33>4  per  cent,  of  the 
total  mining  and -reduction  costs  for  the 
year. 

The  total  amount  of  underground  de- 
velopment was  26,491  ft.,  producing  31,- 
258  tons  of  ore  of  all  classes.  The 
Porfiri  Diaz  tunnel  and  Todos  Santos 
yielded  66  per  cent,  of  the  total;  San 
Miguel,  26;  Camuchin,  6'.;,  and  Explora- 
tion, etc.,  the  remaining  I',,  per  cent. 
During  the  year  several  new  shafts  were 
sunk,  old  ones  retimhered  and  the  San 
Miguel  and   Camuchin  mines  dewatered. 

Extensive    Improvements,    Including 
Cyanide  Plant 

The  machinery  of  both  haciendas  was 
completely  overhauled,  and  the  San 
Antonio  aqueduct  repaired  at  points  along 
its  entire  length  of  9900  ft.,  increasing 
the  available  water  power  over  50  per 
cent.  A  cyanide  plant,  installed  at  a  cost 
of  $14,620,  has  rendered  possible  the 
treatment  of  lower  grad:::  sulphide  ores. 
It  has  resulted  in  an  annual  saving  of 
about  $35,000  by  decreasing  the  treat- 
ment costs  60  per  cent,  and  increasing 
the  extraction  12  per  cent.,  an  actual  re- 
covery of  97.19  per  cent,  being  obtained. 

The  expenditures  for  new  equipment 
amounted  to  $39,245  and  included  besides 
the  cyanide  plant,  a  45-h.p,  double-drum 
hoist,  costing  $13,585,  electric  mine 
pumps,  ore  cars,  mine  telephones  and  a 
12-h.p.  hoist.  In  accordance  with  the 
terms  of  the  concession  from  the  Mexican 
government,  247  acres  (100  hectares) 
were  denounced,  making  a  total  de- 
nouncement of  1870  acres  in  the  four 
years,  1906-1909.  The  capita!  stock  of 
the  company  was  transferred  to  the  regu- 
lar list  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange 
on  May   13,   1909. 

Principal    Production    from    San 
Domingo  Vein 

The  greater  part  of  the  year's  product 
came  from  the  Santo  Domingo  vein  in 
the  Todos  Santos  and  Roncesvalles  mines, 
during  the  first  four  months  of  the  year. 
This    vein    was    cut    the    previous    year.  * 


The  silver  was  found  at  the  junction  of 
several  small  flat  veins  with  the  vein  of 
the  Santo  Domingo. 

In  the  San  Miguel  mine,  10,976  ft.  of 
development  was  carried  on,  at  a  large 
expense,  owing  to  the  amount  of  dead 
work  done.  The  lower  workings  were 
pumped  dry  of  surface  water  which  had 
accumulated  for  ten  years.  The  45-h.p. 
double-drum  hoist  was  installed  at  the 
head  of  the  vertical  shaft.  It  is  driven 
by  a  gas-producer  plant,  using  charcoal 
for  fuel.  Some  old  workings,  300  ft.  be- 
low the  surface,  were  encountered  in  the 
San  Antonio  vein,  probably  made  over 
100  years  ago  as  they  were  unknown  by 
any  living  person  or  by  tradition.  Con- 
siderable dead  work  was  also  done  in 
the  Camuchin  mine  in  order  to  give  ac- 
cess to  the  old  workings.  The  lower 
levels  on  some  of  the  veins  were  de- 
watered,  a  shaft  retimbered  and  a  hoist 
installed. 

Milling  Operations 
The  amalgamation  plant  of  eight  pans 
and  four  settlers  is  now  used  for  both 
amalgation  and  cyanidation.  The  dis- 
charge from  the  settlers,  containing  80 
per  cent,  of  dissolved  metal  contents, 
flow  to  a  Dorr  thickener,  where  the  sep- 
aration of  most  of  the  silver-bearing  so- 
lution from  the  pulp  takes  place.  The 
solution  is  then  pumped  to  the  precipi- 
tation boxes  and  the  thickened  pulp  to 
Pac^uca  tanks  for  further  treatment  by 
agitation. 

The  contents  of  the  Pachuca  tanks, 
after  suitable  agitation,  are  discharged 
to  a  Blaisdell  vacuum  filter,  where  the 
final  separation  of  solution  and  tailings, 
takes  place.  After  washing,  the  tailings 
are  discharged  to  the  river  practically 
free  of  cyanide   and  metal  content. 

Concentrates  are  leached  for  40  days 
in  cetnent-lined  masonry  tanks  of  80 
tons  capacity  when  filled  to  a  depth  of 
two  feet.  The  solution  is  precipitated 
by  zinc  shavings  in  four  three-compart- 
ment boxes,  each  having  eight  cubic  feet 
effective  capacity.  The  precipitate,  con- 
taining 80  per  cent,  silver,  and  the  retorted 
silver  from  amalgamation  and  the  native 
silver  from  the  batteries  are  smelted  in 
a  vaso,  taking  20  to  30  bars  to  a  charge. 
The  costs,  exclusive  of  labor,  to  Nov.  30, 
1909,  were  S8.68  per  ton  treated,  but  in 
December  were  reduced  to  $7.07  per  ton. 


Guanajuato  Output 

The  estimated  production  of  the  mines 
in  Guanajuato  district,  Mexico  is  as  fol- 
lows: Mother  Vein  mines,  $700,000,000; 
La  I.uz  district.  $150,000,000;  other 
mines,  $150,000,000;  total,  $  1 ,000.000,000. 

The  bullion  returns  reported  are: 
1548  to  1766  (estimated),  $450,000,000; 
1766  to  1887  (mint  records),  $476,585,- 
531;  1888  to  1899  (mint  records),  S65,- 
389,4.'^8;  1899  to  1909  (tax  records), 
$50,000,000. 


654 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Mining  Operations  in  the  State  of   Chihuahua 

Two    General    Types    of    Ore    Deposits.      Revival    at    Cusihuiriachic; 
Cole-Ryan  Interests  in  Ocampo  District;  Developing  Gold   at    Batopilas 


B    Y 


W 


H. 


S     E    A    M    O    N* 


The  mines  of  Chii'iuahua  produce  sil- 
ver, gold,  lead,  copper  and  zinc.  There 
are  also  large  deposits  of  iron  ore  which 
will  in  time  be  worked.  The  mineral  de- 
posits are  of  two  types:  First,  cave,  or  con- 
tact, deposits  in  limestone,  associated 
with  porphyry  intrusions.  To  this  class 
belong  the  zinc  deposits  and  most  of  the 
copper  and  lead  deposits.  Second,  quartz 
veins  in  connection  with  rhyolite  and 
andesite.  Where  the  veins  occur  at  con- 
tacts of  rhyolite  with  andesite,  gold  usu- 
ally predominates.  When  the  veins  occur 
in  rhyolite  walls  silver  predominates  and 
in  many  instances  gold  is  entirely  absent. 

The  deposits  of  the  first  type  are  con- 
fined to  the  eastern  and  central  portions 
of  the  State.  The  most  important  camps 
containing  deposits  of  this  type  are  Santa 
Eulalia,  Naica,  Santa  Barbara  and  Almo- 
loya.  The  deposits  at  Terrazas,  Las 
Plomosas  Coyame  and  Los  Lamentos 
also  belong  to  this  type. 

Geology  of  Chihuahua 

The  eastern  part  of  the  State  is  mainly 
CretEceous  and  Quaternary  with  isolated 
and  usually  small  areas  of  eruptive  rocks. 
Recently  I  have  seen  a  few  fossils,  found 
in  this  section,  which  are  certainly  as  old 
as  the  Devonian  and  may  possibly  be  of 
Lower  Silurian  afe.  The  western  part  of 
the  State  is  very  mountainous  and  ande- 
site is  the  prevailing  rock  formation,  with 
intrusive  dikes  of  rhyolite.  The  andesite 
is  largely  covered  with  a  flow  of  dacite 
and  tuff.  This  flow  will  generally  be  seen 
between  7000  ft.  and  8200  ft.  above  sea 
level.  Peaks  rising  above  the  latter  ele- 
vation are  usually  found  to  contain  dio- 
rite.  Where  the  country  is  eroded  the 
andesite  is  almost  sure  to  be  seen  at  all 
elevations  below  7000  ft.  and  the  rhyolite 
intrusive  dikes  appear  at  about  the  6500 
level,  or  between  that  and  5700  ft.  There 
are,  of  course,  instances  where  the  rhyo- 
lite v/il!  be  found  above  the  7000- ft.  level, 
but  most  mass  exposures  resembling 
rhyolite  found  above  6500  ft.  will  prove 
to  be  dacite  on  closer  study.  Near  the 
4000-ft.  level  dikes  of  eruptive  granite 
are  occasionally  found. 

fhe  intervening  region  is  generally 
covered  with  dacite  and  tuffs;  sometimes 
v/ith  a  sedimentary  conglomerate,  derived 
.lainly  from  igneous  materials.  These  will 
be  found  in  what  were  once  lake  beds 
and  also  along  the  banks  of  many  arroyos. 
At  certain  points  in  this  area,  as  well  as 


•MlninK  englnppr,  iipartsulo  :;47,  Clilluniliiin, 
Mexico. 


in  the  eastern  region,  there  will  be  found 
isolated  areas,  sometimes  in  the  form  of 
peaks  of  andesites  and  rhyolites,  in  which 
frequently  occur  workable  deposits  of  sil- 
ver, or  even  gold,  ores.  In  these  areas 
are  found  the  mineral  camps  of  San 
Pedro,  Parral  and  Cusihuiriachic. 

The  western  area  is  characterized  by 
high-grade  deposits  of  silver  ores,  usually 
carrying  a  good  gold  content.  Some  of 
the  veins  carry  no  gold,  while  others 
carry  small  amounts  of  silver  with  a  high 
gold  content. 

Railways  and  Mining 

The  railway  building  now  in  progress 
in  the  State  is  of  great  importance  to  the 
future  of  its  mining  industry.  The  most 
active  construction  is  that  of  the  Pearson 
interests,  who  recently  acquired  the  old 
Chihuahua  &  Pacific  and  the  Rio  Grande 
&  Sierra  Madre  railways.  The  two  ends 
of  these  roads  are  being  connected  in 
the  Sierras  and  the  work  is  being  pushed 
as  vigorously  as  is  possible.  Several  large 
tunnel  constructions  will  delay  the  com- 
pletion of  the  work  to  the  latter  part  of 
1911.  The  same  interests  are  at  work  on 
a  12-mile  connection  of  the  Cusihuiriachic 
camp  with  the  main  line  at  San  Antonio. 
This  is  to  be  in  operation  before  the  end 
of  the  year.  There  is  no  difficult  con- 
struction on  this  branch,  almost  all  of 
which  is  over  a  level  plain.  The  same 
interests  have  been  looking  into  the  mat- 
ter of  putting  a  branch  line  into  the  camp 
of  Ocampo  and  also  to  connect  with  the 
Southern  Pacific  lines  in  Sonora. 

Construction  work  on  the  Orient  rail- 
road which  has  been  kept  to  a  minimum 
for  several  years  past,  is  now  to  be  in- 
creased on  both  ends.  It  is  hoped  that 
the  eastern  portion  will  be  most  rapidly 
pushed,  as  the  opening  of  a  direct  con- 
nection with  Kansas  City  will  be  of 
greatest  immediate  benefit  to  the  mining 
industry,  furnishing  a  new  and  competing 
inlet  for  supplies. 

While  the  railway  building  is  satisfac- 
tory, yet  none  of  it  is  of  much  immediate 
htlp  in  the  matter  of  shortening  the  hauls 
of  ore  from  the  mines.  The  railways  have 
as  a  rule  not  held  to  the  mining  camps 
as  objective  points.  To  help  the  mines 
materially,  a  campaign  of  wagon-road 
building  will  have  to  be  inaugurated.  This 
should  be  undertaken  by  the  Government, 
which  does  not  yet  appear  to  realize  the 
importance  of  this  work  to  the  prosperity 
of  the  country.  Almost  without  excep- 
tion, there  is  no  concerted  action  in  any 
district   in    the    matter   of   road    building. 


Each  mine  usually  builds  its  own  trail 
and  if  it  unites  with  some  main  trail  the 
main  trail  is  left  to  keep  itself  in  good 
condition.  Most  of  the  mines  still  freight 
to  and  from  Mihaca,  although  many  of 
them  are  40  to  50  miles  nearer  to  a  rail- 
way. The  reasons  for  this  are  that  new 
trails  would  have  to  be  constructed  and 
the  mines  affected  prefer  to  use  the  old 
and  longer  routes  and  the  local  railway 
freight  rates  are  very  high  and  have  re- 
cently been  heavily  increased.  The  mines 
consider  that  they  gain  nothing  by  giving 
the  railways  a  longer  haul. 

It  is  highly  important  that  a  vigorous 
campaign  should  be  waged  for  building 
wagon  roads  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Government.  In  spite  of  the  generally 
prevalent  opinion  that  there  are  unusual 
difficulties  in  the  matter  of  building  wagon 
reads  in  the  Sierras  I  do  not  find  anything 
more  difficult  than  what  I  have  seen  over- 
come in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona.  The 
Greene  wagon  road  from  Madera  to 
Ocampo  was  easily  constructed  but  it  is 
falling  into  bad  repair. 

Revival  in  Cusihuiriachic 

The  old  Cusihuiriachic  silver  camp  has 
taken  on  a  new  lease  of  life.  About  a 
year  ago  the  Palmer  interests  of  Chicago 
bought  the  Promontorio  mine,  then  little 
more  than  a  good  prospect,  and  placed 
Murray  Crossette  in  charge.  The  ore 
shipments  have  averaged  about  1000  tons 
monthly  and  from  the  proceeds  has  been 
paid  the  original  cost  of  the  property,  and 
of  a  model  power  plant  and  a  new  work- 
ing shaft,  leaving  a  large  sum  for  divi- 
dends. The  development  shows  a  large 
oiebody  of  good  milling  ore,  hut  for 
some  time  to  come  the  owners  will  have 
all  they  can  handle  in  taking  care  of  the 
shipping  ore.  The  shipments  frequently 
run  high  enough  in  copper  to  receive  pay- 
ment for  that  metal  from  the  smelteries. 

The  British  interests,  represented  by 
R.  M.  Raymond,  have  taken  bonds  on  a 
number  of  properties  from  which  are  be- 
ing mads  occasional  shipments  under  the 
management  of  L.  M.  Cockerill.  Several 
other  properties  are  undergoing  develop- 
ment; one  of  the  most  promising  pros- 
pects being  that  of  a  local  company,  the 
San  Ignacio.  The  Princessa  and  La 
Reina  are  promising  properties.  The  old 
Santa  Elena  mine  is  still  idle. 

The  orcbodies  occur  in  rhyolite  and  are 
connected  with  the  andesites  which  are 
abundant  in  this  district.  The  construc- 
tion of  the  railway  connection  has  caused 
many  locations  to  be  made. 


Cctobsr    1,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


655 


Activity  at  Parral  Confined  to  Large 
Companies 

Mining  at  Parral  has  been  compara- 
tively inactive  for  several  years  past. 
The  large  companies  have,  however,  kept 
up  a  steady  production  which  must  be 
satisfactory  to  them.  The  generally  pre- 
valent dullness  seems  to  me  to  be  con- 
fined to  the  small  operators  who  were  so 
numerous  a  few  years  ago  about  Parral 
and  may  be  entirely  due  to  the  inability 
of  these  companies  to  maintain  them- 
selves from  their  production. 

The  Palniilla  company,  a  strong  Amer- 
ican corporation,  which  acquired  the 
mines  so  famous  when  in  bonanza,  has 
just  completed  the  first  unit  of  the  1000- 
ton  cyanide  plant.  It  has  been  erected 
under  the  supervision  of  Bernard  Mac- 
Donald  and  is  one  of  the  finest  plants  in 
the  Republic.  The  company  has  large 
resources  in  its  dumps,  to  say  nothing  of 
the  so  called  low-grade  ores  in  the  mines 
that  were  neglected  by  Pedro  Alvarado. 
the  former  owner. 

The  English  company  owning  the  San 
Francisco  del  Oro  mines  is  constructing  a 
branch  railway  and  erecting  a  new  plant, 
which  it  is  claimed  will  solve  the  milling 
problem.  In  spite  of  the  complaint  that 
Parral  is  "dead,"  I  cannot  help  but  be  im- 
pressed with  the  fact  that  so  far  as  the 
economical  handling  of  its  ores  on  a  large 
scale  is  concerned,  Parral  is  now  in  bet- 
ter condition  than  it  has  ever  been. 

Batopilas  Developing  Gold 

The  mines  at  Batopilas  have  kept  up 
their  steady  output  of  silver  and  the  com- 
pany has  recently  begun  the  development 
of  some  promising  gold  veins.  It  has 
long  been  known  that  gold  veins  e.xisted 
in  this  section;  but  little  attention  has 
been  paid  to  their  development.  The 
bonanzas  of  silver  that  have  character- 
ized this  section  have  apparently  over- 
shadowed the  gold  prospects.  One  fairly 
good  gold  property  has  been  partially 
opened  up  by  a  company  of  Mexicans 
and  those  who  are  familiar  with  it  are  of 
the  opinion  that  ii  would  make  a  heavy 
producer  under  intelligent  management 
backed  with  sufficient  capital  to  put  in  a 
good  plant  for  treating  the  ore.  The 
Batopilas  concession  has  been  merged 
into  a  British  corporation  and  the  new 
company  is  taking  up  many  veins,  par- 
ticularly gold  veins,  which  the  old  com- 
pany had  ignored.  There  is  a  fine  trail 
from  Batopilas  to  the  Orient  railway  at 
Creel,  from  which  point  all  supplies  are 
new  handled. 

British  Interests  at  Guadaloupe  y 
Calvo 

At  Guadaloupe  y  Calvo,  an  English 
company  has  just  taken  over  the  old  bo- 
nanza mine,  Rosario.  and  is  erecting  a 
400-ton  plant  to  handle  the  dumps  and 
'he  ore  in  the  mine.  The  dumps  on  this 
rroperty   contain   not   less   than    150,000 


tons  of  ore  that  will  yield  0.36  oz.  of  gold 
and  7  oz.  of  silver  to  the  ton.  The  mine 
was  never  operated  to  a  greater  depth 
than  400  ft.,  and  there  still  exists  large 
amounts  of  workable  ore  in  the  immense 
vein,  which  is  150  ft.  wide.  Nothing  has 
been  done  of  moment  during  the  last  four 
years  at  the  Los  Angeles  gold  mine,  about 
Hi  miles  from  Guadaloupe  y  Cr.lvo.  This 
property  is  opened  to  400  ft.  and  for  a 
length  of  1300  ft.,  showing  66,930  tons 
of  ore  with  a  gross  value  of  nearly  S800,- 
000.  It  has  never  been  worked  as  a 
picducer  and  is  a  virgin  property.  There 
are  five  parallel  veins  practically  unpros- 
pected  in  the  same  basin,  all  connected 
by  a  cross-fault  plane. 

Rio  Plata  Has  Paid  for  Itself 

The  Rio  Plata  mine  in  the  Guazapares 
district  has  kept  up  to  its  reputation  dur- 
ing the  last  year.  legularly  shipping  con- 
centrates and  bullion.  It  is  a  silver  prop- 
erty exclusively  in  rhyolite  and  has  the 
record  of  paying  for  itself  out  of  its  own 
production,  including  the  equipment.  The 
ore  reserves  have  also  been  increased. 

New  Life  at  Candamenia 

The  Candamenia  camp  not  far  from 
Ocampo  has  been  a  producer  of  silver- 
gold  ores  for  many  years  past.  There  is 
an  old  mill  and  the  property  has  been 
worked  by  a  Mexican  company.  During 
the  last  year  it  has  been  thoroughly  ex- 
amined by  a  New  York  syndicate  and  the 
terms  of  purchase  have  been  agreed  up- 
on. Up  to  the  present  time  the  new  com- 
pany has  not  taken  it  over,  owing  to 
some  defects  in  the  titles  which  will  be 
shortly  settled. 

Capital  Promised  for  Sahuayacan 

At  Sahuayacan  everything  has  been  at  a 
standstill  for  more  than  three  years  past. 
The  company  owning  the  principal  prop- 
erties has  been  handicapped  for  lack  of 
sufficient  funds  for  energetic  working  and 
the  mines  have  had  to  be  self-sustaining 
and  carry  on  all  development  and  im- 
provements. The  ore  carries  gold  and 
silver  in  quartz  veins  in  andesite.  A 
party  of  Eastern  capitalists  have  recently 
returned  from  the  district  and  it  is  re- 
ported that  their  examination  impressed 
them  so  favorably  that  the  camp  will  be 
the  scene  of  renewed  activity  at  an  early 
day. 

Other  Properties 

The  company  operating  the  Socorro  is 
undergoing  reorganization  and  the  man- 
agement has  been  changed.  The  most 
important  metal  in  this  ore  is  gold  but 
it  is  accompanied  by  silver  and  copper. 

The  Cienguita  property,  near  the  So- 
corro, has  been  opened  during  the  last 
few  years,  under  the  management  of  R. 
O'Leary,  with  little  capital.  The  money 
was  mostly  spent  below  ground  and  re- 
cently a  small  mill  has  been  built.     The 


property  is  now  turning  out  gold  bars  and 
there  is  about  two  years'  ore  supply  ii] 
sight.  ; 

The  Republica  mine  was  taken  oveij 
about  four  years  ago  by  an  E]  Paso  com- 
pany, which  sold  out  to  a  new  com- 
pany. A  cyanide  plant  has  been  erected 
and  the  mine  has  produced  a  large  silver 
output.  A  desire  for  quick  dividends  re- 
sulted in  a  policy  that  has  not  been  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  mine.  About  one 
year  ago  the  company  was  confronted 
with  a  pumping  proposition,  for  which  it 
was  net  at  the  moment  prepared;  this 
caused  a  severe  setback.  The  new  pump- 
ing plant  is  now  in  operation  and  ship- 
ments of  precipitates  will  begin  once 
more.  The  orebody  on  this  property  is 
supposed  to  be  large,  but  it  has  not 
been  well  developed  and  there  are  no 
large  reserves  available.  Those  who  know 
the  property  best  have  great  confidence 
in  its  future. 

The  Dolores  camR  has  kept  up  its 
record  during  the  year,  shipping  concen- 
trates, bullion,  precipitates  and  assorted 
ore.  It  is  a  gold  property,  mainly,  with 
a  large  and  well  constructed  plant.  The 
manager  is  W.  H.  Paul,  under  whom  the 
ore  reserves  have  been  largely  increased 
and  the  value  of  the  property  greatly  en- 
hanced. This  mine  has  been  recently 
merged  with  the  El  Rayo  mines  at  Parral 
and  the  Creston  mines  in  Sonora. 

The  San  Pedro  company  has  main- 
tained a  steady  production  during  the 
year  from  its  silver-lead  ore.  A  large 
pumping  plant  has  been  successfully  in- 
stalled in  the  Congresso  mine.  This  camp 
is  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  on 
the  line  of  the  Sierra  fladre  railway. 

At  the  San  Juan  copper  camp,  near 
the  Rio  Grande  about  20  miles  from  Fort 
Hancock  in  Texas,  little  work  has  been 
done.  The  principal  mine  has  only  about 
1000  ft.  of  work  completed,  mainly  drift- 
ing. The  orebody  is  about  25  ft.  wide, 
and  is  a  contact  deposit  in  lime  with  por- 
phyry. It  is  said  to  average  5.5  per  cent, 
copper  and  4  oz.  of  silver  per  ton. 

The  Pinos  Altos  district  is  covered  by 
one  of  the  few  old  government  conces- 
sions and  the  development,  confined  to  a 
single  company,  has  not  given  the  pro- 
gress that  this  great  zone  should  show. 
The  recent  depression  in  financial  circles 
crippled  the  operating  company  seriously 
and  it  has  had  to  be  self-sustaining.  The 
production  has  been  small,  as  was  to  be 
expected  under  these  adverse  conditions 
and  there  has  been  no  development  of 
any  consequence  completed.  The  ores 
carry  silver  and  gold. 

Ocampo  Is  Active 

At  Ocampo  the  Sierra  mining  company, 
which  acquired  some  of  the  best  of  the 
holdings  of  the  defunct  Grenne  Gold-Sil- 
ver Company,  has  been  pursuing  a  policy 
of  development  and  the  general  public 
knows  but  little  of  the  results.    Corrigan, 


656 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


AcKinney  &  Co.,  have  resumed  opera- 
Tions  on  the  old  mine  at  Concheno,  which 
Ihey  had  sold  to  Colonel  Greene.  There 
■^re  large  numbers  of  men  at  work  in  this 
camp. 

There  has  been  but  little  activity  at 
Terrazas,  except  in  the  construction  of  a 
converting  plant  for  the  Rio  Tinto  smelt- 
sry.  This  has  just  been  completed  and 
when  it  is  blown  in  the  camp  will  resume 
its  former  activity.  The  capacity  of  this 
plant  is  now  500  tons  of  ore  daily.  Mac- 
kenzie &  Co.  gave  up  the  bond  on  the 
Elena  mine  after  shipping  a  large  amount 
of  low-grade  ores.  Felix  McDonald  is  now 
working  it  and  is  shipping  100  tons  week- 
ly of  a  desirable  smelting  ore. 

At  Calabacillos  is  a  newly  opened  gold- 
silver  section.  It  is  about  20  miles  north- 
west from  the  city  of  Chihuahua,  is  still 
in  the  prospect  stage  of  development. 
The  Evans  property  there  has  recently 
been  taken  over  by  a  San  Antonio  com- 
pany.    A  mill  will  be  erected. 

The  production  from  Naica  has  been 
about  75,000  tons  of  silver-lead  ore, 
much  needed  by  the  smelteries.  The 
chief  recent  event  of  interest  in  this  camp 
has  been  the  reported  purchase  by  a 
United  States  company  of  the  mines  of 
the  Naica  Company.  It  is  said  that  ne- 
gotiations are  still  pending,  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  the  six-months  period  of  the 
option  has  expired.  The  ore  reserves  have 
been  largely  increased  by  all  of  the  com- 
panies, but  no  new  strikes  are  reported. 


The  Arteaga  District,  Chihuahua* 


Earthquakes    and    Mine    Accidents 


At  the  time  of  the  earthquake  in  Mex- 
ico, on  May  30,  1910,  a  cave  occurred  at 
the  Esperanza  mine  at  El  Oro,  which 
resulted  in  the  imprisonment  for  a  short 
time  of  27  miners,  all  of  whom,  however, 
were  rescued  without  serious  accident. 
This  recalls  the  fact  that  notwithstandinc; 
the  numerous  earthquakes  in  Mexico 
there  have  been  few  accidents  reported  as 
due  to  earthquake  shocks.  In  fact,  it  has 
been  stated  that  the  men  underground 
frequently  do  not  experience  as  severe  a 
shock  as  those  on  the  surface,  and  this 
is  probably  due  to  physical  conditions. 
In  the  State  of  Oaxaca  several  of  the 
abandoned  mines  have  caved  in  as  a  re- 
sult of  the  repeated  shocks  in  that  local- 
ity, and  some  other  mine  accidents  are 
undoubtedly  due  to  the  earthquakes,  but 
ordinarily  the  damage  is  confined  to  the 
surface,  and  particularly  to  within  a  few 
feet  of  the  actual  surface  of  the  ground. 


The  mineral-bearing  area  of  Mexico 
extends  from  Sonora  to  Oaxaca,  a  dis- 
tance of  2570  km.  and  has  a  breadth  of 
400  km.  There  are  in  all  1900  mining 
districts  in  the  Republic,  of  which  550  are 
silver  and  silver-lead  bearing,  240  gold- 
bearing,  140  coal-  and  petroleum-bear- 
ing, 70  mercury-bearing,  40  copper-bear- 
ing, and  20  tin-bearing  districts. 


By    L.    T.    POCKMANf 

On  the  extreme  western  border  of  the 
State  of  Chilhuahua,  with  Sonora  for  it? 
western  boundary  and  with  the  District  of 
Urique,  Chihuahua,  on  the  south,  is  the 
Arteaga  district.  Chinipas,  the  largest 
town  of  the  district,  is  also  the  cabecera. 
The  entire  district  is  dependent  upon 
mule-back  transportation  for  the  entry 
of  all  freight  and  supplies,  from  the  west, 
from  Alamos,  Son.,  which  is  the  terminus 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  branch,  and  from 
the  east,  from  Sanchez,  present  terminus 


ern  boundary  is  a  high  range  of  rough 
precipitous  mountains  ( from  5000  to 
7000  ft.),  while  practically  all  the  rest  of 
the  district  consists  of  spurs  and  ranges 
which  make  up  the  foothills  of  the  Sierra 
Madre.  Many  sheer  peaks  dot  the  coun- 
try, rising  to  high  altitudes,  and  many 
small  arroyos  run  through  box  caiions. 
Add  to  the  above  the  heavy  thorny  brush 
which  exists,  it  makes  hard  work  for  the 
prospector.  On  the  other  hand,  however, 
he  is  probably  more  greatly  benefited  by 
the  fact  that  the  overburden  of  soil,  etc., 
is  usually  shallow,  due  to  the  precipitous 
character  of  the  ground,  and  is  further 
helped  in  that  the  geologic  features  are 
easily  discernible. 


^/  \  "'uChiuipast^^Palmei^ejo  .^^atosegachic 

\    r'^I^I^LqS**^^*^*^   ^g'AlBuera    .AGuazapares 


San  Becnardo 


It  Guadalupe 


ta.  Barbara 


'^ 


5^^  Alain  OS 


> 


SCALE    1    :-90P,000 

V MINES 

E MILLS 


Th4  Enjinctrinu  ^  Mmmg  Ji/vmal 

Map  of  the  Arteaga   District,   Chihuahua 


of  the  Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orient  road. 
Alamos  is  60  miles  from  Chinipas  and 
from  Sanchez  75  miles.  This  inaccessa- 
bility  has  held  Arteaga  back  to  a  con- 
siderable extent,  but  not  wholly^  as  is 
evidenced  by  the  number  of  operating 
mills  and  mines. 

Transport  Difficult  Owing  to  Precipi- 
tous Nature  of  Country 

Topographically    the    country    may    be 
said  to  be  "standing  on  end,"  as  the  west- 


*In/ormrD  i/  Vrvuiriim  di'l  Insllliiln  Mcxl- 
cnnn    de    Minns   y    Metnlnrdlii.    .Vpi-il.    1!MI). 

tOcnpriil  mnnnRpr.  Wlillo  riii.r  MItiIiik  nnd 
MlllInK   Company.   riilnl|ias.    Clilli.,    Mi'\-. 


Argentite  the  Principal  Mineral 

In  general,  it  may  be  said  that  the  most 
frequent  occurrences  of  the  orebodies 
and  veins  are  within  strong  intrusions  of 
dikes  of  diabase,  although  in  portions  of 
the  district  there  are  what  appear  veins 
(principally  gold  carriers)  in  an  altered 
andesite,  the  veins  themselves  being  por- 
phyritic  in  structure.  The  original  ore 
depositions  in  one  of  the  larger  inines, 
shown  by  its  workings,  has  been  along 
fracture  planes  of  diabase  intrusions, 
after  this  "primary"  deposition  there  has 
been  a  further  movement  which  was  con- 
fined  mainly  to  the  veins  as  being  lines 


October  I,  I9I0. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


657 


of  least  resistance,  this  movement  seems 
to  have  been  a  shearing  vertically  or 
nearly  so  and  was  the  cause  of  the  brec- 
ciating  of  the  orebodies,  a  second  filtra- 
tion of  solutions  subsequent  to  this  sec- 
ond movement  having  recemented  the 
orebodies  into  a  solid  mass,  the  present 
ore  showing  angular  pieces  of  diabase 
bound  with  the  primary  ore. 

Throughout  the  entire  district  the  prin- 
cipal mineral  is  argentite,  the  gangue  itself 
being  a  highly  silicious  matrix,  with 
iron  sulphides  ranging  from  ! ..  to  2  per 
cent.  Free  gold  is  also  present  in  vary- 
ing proportions,  running  as  high  as  60 
per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  the  ore  at 
the  mill  of  the  White  Chief  company, 
where  from  40  to  60  per  cent,  of  the 
metals  are  saved  by  plate  amalgamation. 
Besides  silver  and  gold,  there  are  also 
numerous  prospects  of  copper,  zinc  and 
lead,  but  high  transportation  charges  have 


complete  300-ton  plant.  It  has  a  12-mile 
narrow-gage  steam  tram  (20-ton  locomo- 
tives) connecting  mine  and  mill,  but  this 
Is,  to  be  superseded  by  an  aerial  tram. 
The  company  has  a  14-mile  masonry  ditch 
taking  water  from  the  Chinipas  river, 
which  supplies  power. 

The  White  Chief  Mining  and  Milling 
Company  has  been  operating  a  40-ton 
plant  near  Chinipas  for  ten  years.  The 
ore  here  contains  a  high  percentage  of 
free  gold,  so  the  company  is  using  plate 
amalgamation,  concentration  and  cyanid- 
ing  the  tailings. 

The  Rio  Plata  Mining  company,  near 
Guazapares,  has  been  operating  a  100- 
ton  plant  on  a  high-grade  silver  ore  for 
three  years.  Pachuca  tanks  have  re- 
cently been  installed. 

The  Durazno-Tetamoa  Mines  Com- 
pany is  operating  a  small  mill  on  its 
mine,   12  miles  from  Chinipas. 


Pack  Train  w  ith  i.^nO  Ft.  of  54-'n.  Steel  Rope  for  thb 
Pal.marejo  .Mine,  Chihuahua 


precluded    operation    or   development    up 
to  the  present. 

All  of  the  veins  being  worked  at  present 
carry  shoots  or  kidneys  of  high-grade  ore 
ranging  from  a  few  hundred  pounds  to 
several  tons  in  size  and  in  value  from 
two  hundred  to  several  hundred  dollars 
per  ton. 

Important  Mines  of  the  District 

Among  the  more  prominent  producing 
mines  of  the  district  are  the  Palmarejo, 
with  a  record  of  some  110  years  of 
steady  production.  This  company  has  in- 
stalled a  50-stamp  mill  with  a  cyanide 
plant.  The  ore  is  crushed  through  20- 
mesh  wire  cloth,  concentrated,  and  tail- 
ings separated  to  sands  and  slimes,  the 
former  going  to  100-ton  percolating 
tanks,  the  latter  to  agitating  tanks,  thence 
to  Butters  filters.  At  present  the  com- 
pany is  changing  the  method  of  treatment 
to  all  sliming  and  are  about  to  install  a 


Aside  from  the  above,  there  are  several 
companies  developing  promising  pros- 
pects and  many  smaller  prospects  being 
opened  up,  some  of  which  are  shipping. 


Chihuahua-Monclova  Railroad 


Surveys  have  been  completed  for  the 
proposed  railroad  between  Monclova  and 
Chihuahua,  a  distance  of  about  450  miles, 
and  liberal  Federal  and  State  concessions 
have  been  granted  to  the  enterprise.  The 
project  is  being  promoted  by  a  group  of 
local  and  American  capitalists  headed  by 
E.  Hartmann,  of  Durango,  and  it  is  con- 
sidered likely  that  the  road  will  be  built 
at  an  early  date. 

The  road  starts  at  Monclova  and 
traverses  a  region  heretofore  without  rail- 
road facilities.  It  passes  roughly  parallel 
to  the  Rio  Grande  border  at  a  distance  of 
100  to  150  miles  south  and  through  a 
more  or  less  level  plateau  country,  avoid- 


ing the  "lost"  mountains.  Along  the  line 
of  the  proposed  road  are  extensive  coal- 
fields at  its  eastern  end,  and  near  the 
border  between  the  States  of  Coahuila 
and  Chihuahua  are  important  iron  depos- 
its. Numerous  localities  in  which  it  is 
known  that  zinc  and  lead  minerals  are 
found  are  in  the  country  through  which 
the  road  will  pass.  The  line  is  of  im- 
portance as  an  outlet  for  the  coalfields 
and  to  the  mining  interests  of  Chihuahua 
as  affording  a  direct  access  to  a  fuel 
supply.  It  is  believed  that  deposits  of 
quicksilver  and  of  gold  will  also  be  dis- 
covered and  developed  along  the  line  of 
the  new  road.  The  country  through  which 
it  traverses  is  dry  and  is  now  practicably 
inaccessible  for  any  mining  or  commer- 
cial undertakings. 


The  Torreon  Smeltery 

The  smeltery  of  the  Compahia  Met- 
alurgica  de  Torreon,  at  Torreon,  Coah.,  is 
the  largest  independent  plant  in  Mexico. 
It  is  owned  by  Mexican  capital,  largely 
controlled  by  Ernesto  Madero,  the  presi- 
dent of  the  company.  The  company  was 
organized  in  1900  and  now  has  a  capital 
of  5,000,000  pesos.  It  has  paid  liberal 
dividends  except  in  the  last  two  years, 
during  which  time  a  reserve  fund  has 
been  provided  for  retiring  of  the  bonds  of 
the    company. 

The  plant  is  equipped  with  nine  fur- 
naces for  the  treatment  of  lead-silver 
ores,  each  having  a  capacity  of  about  115 
tons  daily  and  a  copper  stack  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  250  tons  per  day.  A  copper 
converter  is  also  installed  with  a  capacity 
of  15  tons  per  day.  The  plant  was  erect- 
ed in  1902  and  additional  equipment  has 
been  added  from  time  to  time,  until  the 
above  capacity  was  attained. 

The  company  controls  several  mining 
properties  in  tributary  camps  to  supply 
base  ores,  and  has  ore-buying  agencies 
in  all  the  northern  mining  districts  of  the 
Republic. 

The  plant  is  modern  in  every  respect, 
and  is  conveniently  situated  just  outside 
of  the  city  of  Torreon.  The  company 
provides  for  its  employees  comfortable 
houses,  schools,  a  modern  hospital  with 
physicians  and  surgeons.  The  general 
manager  of  the  company  is  F.  F.  Villar- 
real  and  the  superintendent,  Ernest 
Harms. 

In  recent  years  there  have  been  several 
attempts  to  purchase  the  property  by 
outside  interests,  but  so  far  no  sale  has 
been  consummated.  The  smeltery  is  an 
important  factor  in  the  development  of 
the  mining  districts  of  northern  and  cen- 
tral Mexico. 


The  construction  of  the  Veracruz,  Ta- 
basco &  Campeche  railway  will  soon  be 
begun.  According  to  the  official,  papers 
the  concessionaires  have  complied  with 
all  the  conditions  contained  in  the  con- 
tract. 


653 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Peculiar  Water   Problem  at  Candelaria  Mines 

Musi  Drain  Saturated  Bodies  of   Soft  Ore  Surrounded  by  Impermeable 
Country  Rock.   Air  Lifts  and  Pump  Used.    New  Equipment  to  Be  Added 

b'y       GEORGE       A^       LAIRD* 


The  water  proUem  at  the  mines  of  the 
Candelaria  Mining  Company,  San  Pedro. 
Chihuahua,  Mex.,  is  somewhat  out  of  the 
ordinary  and  the  method  of  handling  it, 
so  far  as  I  know  has  no  precedent.  In 
order  to  give  an  understanding  of  the  ex- 
isting conditions,  a  general  description  of 
the  ore  occurrences  is  necessary,  as  their 
nature  has  a  direct  bearing  on  the  water 
situation. 

Limestone  and  Porphyry  the  Common 
Rocks 

The  Leon  mine  of  the  Candelaria  com- 
pany is  situated  in  a  limestone-porphyry 
zone,  the  countr\'  rock  being  limestone 
with  porphyry  occurring  as  intrusions 
varying  in  width  from  '  _■  in.  to  40  ft.  Ore 
occurrences  are  directly  attributed  to 
metamorphic  action,  the  orebodies  being 
limestone  replacements. 

The  porphyry  varies  from  a  highly  al- 
tered and  almost  talcy  mass  to  a  very 
hard  and  finely  grained  material;  the 
limestone,  from  nearly  pure  to  highly 
silicified  varieties,  and  occasionally  dolo- 
mite. The  ores,  composed  entirely  of  ox- 
ides and  carbonates  of  lead  and  iron,  also 
vary  in  hardness,  and,  above  all,  in  poros- 
ity. 

The  territory  surroundin'g  the  workings 
contains  many  dikes  and  faults,  also  of 
varying  degrees  of  hardness  and  com- 
pactness, i.e..  dikes  of  porphyry,  and 
quartz-fiUed  faults,  both  to  a  greater  or 
lesser  degree  impermeable  to  water, 
forming  a  territory  from  which  discharge 
or  intake  of  water  is  exceedingly  slow, 
and  from  observations  covering  a  period 
of  some  24  months  would  appear  to  be 
practically  negligible. 

Orebodies  Hold  All  Water 

The  orebodies,  like  huge  sponges,  are 
saturated  with  water,  the  country  rock 
practically  dry.  Ore  occurrences  along  the 
lines  of  contact  terminate  with  the  harder 
porphyry,  and  unless,  as  is  seldom  the 
case,  open  water  courses  exist,  these 
contacts  afford  but  slow  flow  to  the  quan- 
tities of  water  which  the  orebodies  con- 
tain. In  brief  the  water  is  trapped  in  the 
ore  deposits,  about  which  dikes  and 
quartz-filled  fault  planes  serVe  as  natural 
dams. 

The  exact  level  at  which  the  water  was 
first  encountered  is  unknown  to  me,  but 
the  amount  handleni  was  considerably  less 
than  now  being  handled.  This  is  prob- 
ably due  to  the  fact  that  the  ore  zone  is 

•Manasor.  Canrlflarln  MInlne  Cnmpanj', 
San    rortro,  t'hlhnnhna,   Mi'^lcn. 


increasing  in  area  with  depth.  The  main 
shaft  was  sunk  in  limesto::e  and  is  prac- 
tically dry  to  its  present  depth  of  500  ft. 
The  water  handled  from  the  shaft  during 
the  sinking  was  easily  taken  care  of  by  a 
No.  7  Cameron  sinker,  the  drainage  of 
the  district  being  slowly  accomplished  by 
means  of  air  lifts,  the  water  level  being 
as  high  as  80  ft.  above  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft. 

Air  Lifts  Found  Insufficient 

The  first  pumping  plant  consisted  of 
two  Bacon  air  lifts,  working  from  an 
average  depth  of  about  750  ft.,  with  a 
300-ft.  head,  through  14-in.  casing,  for 
the  installation  of  which  two  16-in.  holes 
were  bored  with  shot  drills. 

The  difficulties  connected  with  this 
work  were  great.  Ore,  wi.h  accompany- 
ing water,  was  encountered  at  a  depth  of 
566  ft.  more  by  chance  than  through  any 
logical  conclusion  drawn  from  geological 
conditions.  Up  to  a  head  of  300  ft.  these 
air  lifts,  supplied  with  3300  cu.ft.  of  free 
air  at  a  pressure  of  140-150  lb.  by  a 
Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon  compressor,  fur- 
nished a  maximum  of  2000  gal.  per 
min.,  but  at  300  ft.  reached  the  limit  of 
efficiency,  and,  either  through  lack  of 
submergence  or  lack  of  flow',  surged  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  reduce  the  capacity 
to  not  to  exceed  1200  gal.  per  min.  At 
the  300-ft.  level  two  1500-gal.  trip'.e-ex- 
pansion,  plunger  pumps,  built  by  the 
Jeanesville  Iron  Works,  were  installed, 
and  the  discharge  from  the  air  lifts  was 
turned  to  a  sump,  and  the  v.-ater,  now 
about  3000  gal.  per  min.,  is  being  pumped 
to  the  surface,  being  raised  about  70  ft. 
from  the  actual  water  level  by  the  lifts. 
The  foregoing  is  the  general  scheme. 

Equipment  of  Primary  Plant 

The  plant  consists  of  three  Babcock  & 
Wilcox  266-h.p.  boilers,  hand  fired,  work- 
ing under  160-lb.  pressure  and  a  Laidlaw- 
Dunn-Gordon,  18x32x30xl7x36-in.  Meyer- 
valve  compressor,  working  under  120  to 
150  lb.  Inside  the  well  casings  of  14  in. 
diameter,  are,  in  one,  a  10-in.  and  in  the 
other  an  8-in.  casing,  through  which  pass 
2-in.  air  pipes,  with  return  discharge,  i.e., 
up  discharge.  Air  is  led  from  the  com- 
pressor through  a  7-in.  main  to  the  shaft 
collar:  then  through  a  4-in.  main  to  the 
top  of  the  wells.  A  2-in.  pipe  extends 
325  ft.  in  the  8-in.  casing,  and  175  ft.  in 
the  10-in.  casing  below  the  discharge,  and 
255  ft.  in  the  8-in.  and  105  ft.  in  the  10- 
in    below  the  water  level  as  indicated  in 


the  slopes.  The  tops  of  the  w-ells  are 
boxed,  the  boxes  containing  baffle  plates 
to  deflect  the  discharge,  and  water  is 
flumed  60  ft.  to  the  main  pump  sump,  in 
order  to  allow  all  air  in  the  water  to  es- 
cape before  reaching  the  suction  end  of 
the  station  pumps. 

Usually  140  lb.  of  air  is  indicated  at 
the  compressor  gage  before  the  wells 
start,  the  actual  pressure  at  the  air  dis- 
charge being  less  than  that  indicated,  ow- 
ing to  the  friction  in  the  2-in.  pipe  and  to 
throttling.  Once  started,  the  air  flow  is 
governed  by  throttling  and  the  pressure 
at  the  receiver  is  allow'ed  to  drop  to  120 
lb.,  although  surging  does  not  occur  until 
indicated  pressure  at  the  receiver  drops 
to  90  lb.,  and  then  only  in  the  deepei 
well. 

Each  well  ''spouts"  approximately  150( 
gal.  per  min.,  the  flow  being  frequently 
higher,  the  inflow  of  water  apparently  be- 
ing retarded  at  times,  probably  due  to  the 
clogging  of  the  water  courses  leading  tc 
the  wells. 

An  auxiliary  plant,  composed  of  thret 
650  gal.  per  min.  Jeanesville  duple> 
sinking  pumps,  to  pump  direct  from  tht 
shaft,  is  in  place,  but  at  no  time  has  i 
been  worked  to  over  50  per  cent,  capac 
ity,  as  the  inflow  to  the  shaft,  evei 
through  the  overflow  of  the  wells,  is  o 
insufficient  volume  to  require  more. 

Pumping  Causes  Formation  of  Hy- 
draulic Basin 

Pumping  3000  gal.  per  min.  reduces  th 
water  level  throughout  the  mine  at  a 
average  of  less  than  3  in.  (one  flft 
of  a  foot)  per  24  hours,  but  forms  a  hy 
draulic  basin,  which,  when  pumping  i 
suspended,  equalizes  with  the  true  wate 
level  by  a  raise  of  about  10  ft.  Upo 
starting  unwatering,  this  basin  is  rapidi 
formed  again,  the  level  at  the  neare; 
point  of  the  wells,  or  practically  the  er 
tire  worked  territory,  commencing  I 
lower  at  as  high  a  rate  as  two  feet  per  2, 
hours,  and  gradually  diminishing  until  th 
maximum  hydraulic  head  is  reachei 
when  the  slower  drainage  commences. 

Territory  which  drained  slowly  has  no- 
proved  to  be  of  larger  mineralized  are 
than  that  which  gave  more  rapid  unw£ 
tering.  The  arched  and  irregular  back 
of  limestone  over  the  orebodies  apparen 
ly  hold  the  water,  through  atmospheri 
pressure,  until  such  a  level  is  reached  a 
to  relieve  this  condition,  when  the  wate 
so  retained  is  released  and  may  cause 
rapid  rise  of  level,  which  may  also  t 
very  rapidly  lowered. 


October  !.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


659 


Difficulty  Is  in  Reaching  Water 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  under- 
stood the  difficulties  are  not  of  handling 
the  water,  but  of  securing  it  at  a  point 
where  it  can  be  handled.  The  shaft  be- 
ing comparatively  dry  and  affording  no 
point  for  drainage,  the  country  rock  be- 
ing practically  impervious  to  rapid  flow, 
and  the  only  available  points  of  attack  be- 
ing from  the  wells  by  air  lifts  or  from, 
slopes,  which,  altlicugh  of  great  extent, 
are  not  suitable  for  pump  stations. 

The  orebodies,  always  having  a  back  or 
hanging-wall  of  limestone,  contain  crev- 
ices and  openings  of  considerable  extent, 
caused  primarily  by  the  sinking  or  set- 
tling of  the  filling  material  away  from  the 
wall.  These  openings  are  calcite-covered 
and  contain  clear  water,  and  are  suffi- 
ciently large  to  admit  of  placing  suctions 
in  them,  and  might  provide  a  steady  flow 
,  of  sufficient  quantity  to  supply  the  sta- 
tion pumps.  Turbines  and  centrifugal 
pumps  could  easily  be  handled  in  the 
stopes,  but  the  openings  are  not  neces- 
sarily continuous  for  any  great  distance, 
and  are  sometimes  so  flat  as  to  require 
long  suctions  for  comparatively  low  lifts, 
and  a  few  hours'  pumping  might  drain 
them,  yet  have  but  little  or  no  effect  on 
the  general  water  level. 
I  Some  of  these  openings  have  proved 
n  to  be  continuous  down  to  the  pres- 
ent water  level,  while  others  of 
equal  or  greater  extent  and  of 
just  as  promising  a  nature,  have  nar- 
rowed down  or  entirely  closed.  Even  did 
these  afford  sufficient  supply,  a  continual 
changing  of  the  pumps  would  be  re- 
quired. Shaft  sinking  is  now  under  way. 
At  435  ft.  in  depth  a  flow  was  struck 
which  made  it  necessary  to  suspend  sink- 
ing operations  for  a  few  days;  the  flow 
was  passed  in  a  few  feet. 

Sinking  Necessitates  Additional  Pump 
Equipment 

Increased  area  of  orebodies  with  depth 
means  also  increased  area  for  water 
drainage  and  increase  of  pumping  capac- 
ity must  naturally  follow.  An  additional 
plant  of  6000-gal.  per  min.  capacity  has 
been  ordered.  It  will  consist  of  two  23 
and  48x12x36  cross-compound,  condens- 
ing, crank-and-flywheel  type,  station 
pumps,  each  with  capacity  of  3000  gal. 
per  min.,  and  three  sinking  pumps,  con- 
sisting each  of  two  6-in.  vertical  cen- 
trifugal turbines,  direct  connected  to  200- 
h.p.  Kerr  steam  turbines  designed  to  oper- 
ate under  a  250-ft.  head  with  a  capacity 
of  2000  gal.  per  min.,  or  1000  gal.  per 
min.,  at  a  500-ft.  head  at  turbines  running 
with  suction  condensers. 

A  station  will  be  cut  at  the  lowest  pos- 
sible depth,  i.e.,  at  the  latest  possible 
moment  before  the  arrival  of  the  pumps, 
j  so  that  when  the  actual  unwatering  com- 
mences with  the  new  plant  the  sinkers 
should  handle  approximately  3000  gal. 
per  min.  each,  as  the  head  will  be  but  a 


few  feet.  The  triples  -two  12,  18  and 
32x14x24  condensing  engines — will  be 
lowered  to  the  new  station,  giving  a  total 
station  capacity  of  9000  gal.  per  minute. 

The  pumping  equipment  will  then  con- 
sist of: 

Two  23  and  48x12x36  flywheel,  Corliss 
station  pumps;  two  12,  18  and  32x14x24 
triple-expansion  pumps;  three  2-  6-in. 
two-stage  centrifugal  sinkers;  and  three 
14x8x18  duplex  sinkers,  steam  being  fur- 
nished by  two  450-h.p.  and  three  266-h.p. 
Babcock  &  Wilcox  boilers. 

Hazard  Gklat  in  This  Case 

The  entire  operation  of  this  plant  de- 
pends upon  the  main  problem  of  draining 
saturated  bodies  of  soft  ore,  which  are 
practically  submerged  in  an  underground 
lake  in  a  hard-rock  basin,  the  general  ex- 
tent or  whereabouts  of  the  sides  of  which 
are  unknown,  and  where  costs  of  instal- 
lation and  operaiion  must  be  governed  by 
the  value  and  the  quantity  of  the  product 
to  be  secured.  The  quantity  of  product  to 
be  secured  is  undeterminable  until  all  of 
these  costs  have  been  incurred.  No  great 
flow  of  water  is  expected  until  a  depth  of 
566  ft.,  (where  ore  was  encountered  in 
the  wells)  is  reached,  66  ft.  below  the 
present  shaft  bottom.  It  is  expected  that 
the  flow  of  water  encountered  will  be 
great  enough  to  require  the  lowering  of 
the  entire  basin  level  in  order  to  con- 
tinue sinking  to  the  second  orebody, 
which  was  encountered  at  a  depth  of  607 
feet. 

Calculation  of  Ore  Area  from 
Drainage 

One  interesting  feature  of  the  problem 
lies  in  calculations  based  on  the  assump- 
tion of  saturated  orebodies  and  dry  coun- 
try rock.  Pumping  .3000  gal.  per  min.  is 
equivalent  to  4,320,000  gal.  per  day,  which 
equals  518,607  cu.ft.  The  actual  aver- 
age lowering  of  the  water  level  in  the 
mines  was  0.198  ft.  per  day  (30.07  ft.  in 
151  days).  Hence,  putnping  518,607 
cu.ft.  and  lowering  the^level  0.198  ft.  per 
day  are  the  same.  (It  required  5  days  to 
lower  the  water  level  1  ft.)  Thus  518,- 
607  cu.ft.  pumped  being  equivalent  to 
lowering  the  level  '.^  of  a  ft.,  multiplying 
by  five  gives  2.593,037  sq.ft.  as  the  water 
area.  Now  one  acre  equals  43,560  sq.ft.; 
therefore,  a  water  area  of  2,593,037  sq.ft. 
equals  59.52  acres. 

On  an  average  the  open  water  courses 
do  not  exceed  5  per  cent,  of  the  total 
open,  water-soaked  country:  59.52  less  5 
per  cent,  equals  56.54  acres  of  mineral- 
ized territory. 

A  large  part  of  this  territory  is  un- 
profitable from  a  mining  standpoint,  yet 
drainage  must  be  accomplished  in  order  to 
mine  the  profitable  ore,  two-thirds  of  the 
prospected  territory  being  profitable,  ore  in 
the  other  one-third  apparently  increasing 
in  value  with  depth,  the  grade  of  the 
profitable  ores  increasing  in  practically  a 


like  ratio.  The  probable-ore  question  is 
one  of  great  interest,  there  certainly  be- 
ing unlimited  prospects. 


Two  Interesting  Articles  on  Mexico 


An  interesting  and  classical  article  on 
Mexico,  describing  the  conditions  at  the 
Santa  Eulalia  camp  in  Chihuahua,  Mex- 
ico, was  written  by  Gen.  Lew  Wallace, 
and  was  published  in  Harper's  Monthly, 
November,  1867.  Some  type- written 
copies  of  this  article  are  extant  in  Mexico, 
and  are  now  read  with  a  great  deal  of 
interest. 

Another  interesting  article  on  early 
Mexico  was  written  by  James  P.  Kim- 
ball, and  published  in  1870  in  the  Ameri- 
can Journal  of  Sciences  and  Arts,  vol. 
XLIX.  In  this  article  Mr.  Kimball  de- 
scribes the  condition  existing  at  Santa 
Eulalia  at  that  time. 

He  says  that  the  discovery  of  the  dis- 
trict is  reported  to  have  been  made  in  1591, 
but  that  the  official  register  is  only  from 
1705,  12  years  after  Chihuahua  was 
founded.  The  production  of  the  camp 
from  1705  to  1737,  according  to  this 
writer,  was  equal  to  8112,000,000.  The 
population  of  the  camp  at  the  date  of  the 
article,  1870,  was  reported  as  6000.  There 
were  63  reduction  establishments  with 
.188  smelting  furnaces  of  the  horno  type, 
and  65  cupelling  furnaces,  with  other 
similar  establishments  at  Chihuahua.  Th2 
mining  cost  at  the  Parcionera,  a  type  of 
the  horizontal  or  sloping  working,  is 
stated  to  have  been  SI. 50  per  carga.  At 
the  Santo  Domingo  there  was  a  greater 
cost,  on  account  of  hoisting.  The  ores 
were  delivered  at  the  furnace  from  the 
mine  for  from  20c.  to  37c.  per  carga,  or 
ordinary  donkey-loads  (about  300  lb.). 
The  furnaces  employed  were  of  the 
adobe-horno  type,  a  blast  furnace,  47  in. 
high  and  18  in.  wide  at  the  top.  Hand- 
bellows  were  used,  or  at  some  of  th,'; 
larger  establishments  bellows  worked  by 
mules.  The  ordinary  furnace  charge  was 
made  up  according  to  the  notion  of  the 
smelter,  75  lb.  of  spalled  ore  was  ordi- 
narily used,  and  with  this  about  20  lb. 
of  litharge  and  12  to  25  lb.  of  old  slag, 
called  grasa.  for  flux.  The  fuel  was  mes- 
quitc,  a  single  plant  sometimes  giving  as 
much  as  a  cord  of  heavy  root,  excellent 
for  fuel  either  as  wood  or  as  charcoal. 
The  total  cost  of  reduction  and  production 
is  reported  to  have  been  $31.84  per  ton. 
The  reason  the  patio  process  was  not 
used  in  the  district  was  the  scarcity  of 
water. 

The  same  author  made  a  report  about 
the  same  time  upon  the  silver  mines  of 
Cusihuiriachic. 


In  northern  Oaxaca  in  the  Tlaxiaco  dis- 
trict near  Mixtepec  y  Juxtlahuaca  are  ex- 
tensive deposits  of  stibnite  not  now 
worked.  They  are  controlled  by  the  Cook- 
son  company,  of  London.   England. 


660 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


San  Javier,  an  Old  Silver  District  of  Sonora 

Scene  of  Important  Early  Operations  in  Mining  and  Metallurgy;  New 
Developments;    Smelting    Facilities    Needed;    Operations    in    Coalfields 


B     Y 


C. 


N, 


NELSON* 


San  Javier,  one  of  the  older  silver- 
mining  camps  of  Sonora,  is  12  miles 
west  of  the  Toledo  station  of  the  nev/ 
Yaqui  River  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific, 
and  90  miles  east  of  Minas  Prietas.  Good 
trails  connect  it  with  Toledo,  and  a  wagon 
road  runs  to  A'inas  Prietas. 

The  camp  has  been  a  producer  fornear- 
ly  300  years-,  having  been  worked  by  the 
antiguos  for  the  rich  oxidized  ores.  The 
real  importance  of  the  camp  began  about 
I860,  when  Matias  Alsua,  a  na:!ve  of 
South  America,  started  to  work  the  Ani- 
mas, Marhuila  and  Carmen  groups.  He 
built  a  leaching  plant  at  Los  Bronces,  and 
there  treated  the  ores  from  the  entire 
camp.  He  is  said  to  have  taken  out  sev- 
eral million  ounces  and  was  one  of  the 
wealthy  men  of  the  State.  Alsua  owned 
mines  as  far  east  as  Trinidad  and  pros- 
pected a  number  of  smaller  districts.  In 
his  time  the  camp  was  booming,  12  vasos 
were  smelting  ore  and  a  large 
population,  said  to  be  from  10,000  to 
15,000,  was  supported  by  the  mines  of 
the  district. 

At  the  death  of  Alsua  in  the  late  '70's, 
the  Apaches  were  troublesome  and  a  rev- 
olution in  the  State  had  drained  Alsua's 
resources,  so  the  properties  were  sold  to 
a  British  company.  This  company's  chief 
activity  seems  to  have  been  the  building 
of  expensive  wagon  roads.  It  failed  in 
two  or  three  years  from  bad  management, 
and  the  camp  fell  into  hard  times.  The 
Yaquis  in  the  surrounding  country  closed 
the  trails,  transportation  was  expensive 
and  the  highest  grade  ores  had  been 
mined. 

In  1900,  when  the  Santa  Rosa  mine  was 
started  by  some  Colorado  miners,  the 
camp  was  in  ruins.  With  the  Yaquis  sub- 
dued, a  railroad  within  15  miles,  and  an- 
other building  in  from  the  west,  San  Jav- 
ier is  in  a  good  way  of  again  becoming 
of  importance. 

Geology  of  the  District 
The  surrounding  country  is  composed 
of  many  strata  of  sandstones  and  shales 
inclosing  several  beds  of  Triassic  coals, 
forming  the  coal  fields  of  Los  Bronces, 
Tarahumari,  San  Marcial  and  Pilares.  At 
San  Javier  these  beds  have  been  up- 
turned and  broken  by  an  intrusion  of  di- 
orite.  Near  the  contact  of  the  measures 
with  the  diorite  runs  the  main  veins  of 
camp,  the  San  Juan,  Animas,  Santa  Rosa 
and  Buena  Vista.  A  number  of  other  fis- 
sures form  separate  systems  of  iron,  and 
narrow  high-grade  quartz  veins. 

•MlnliiR  cnnlnpiT,  .'{."in  Mnlri  Hti-iM't.  Itiifriiln. 
\.  Y. 


The  Transportation  Situation 

The  outlet  at  present  is  via  Toledo  sta- 
tion by  15  miles  of  trail  and  a  drop  of 
nearly  1600  ft.  To  put  in  a  wagon  road 
would  need  not  more  than  five  miles  of 
actual  road  building,  as  much  of  the 
route  is  over  table  land.  This  road  will 
probably  be  put  in  before  another  year. 
It  is  reported  that  the  Torres  &  Prietas 
railroad,  recently  bought  by  a  British 
company,  will  build  into  San  Javier  and 
Barranca  on  its  way  to  the  Yaqui  river. 
It  would  tap  a  well  wooded  country 
and  farming  lands,  besides  the  mining  re- 
gion. 

Principal  Mines 

At  present  the  Animas,  San  Juan,  Santa 
Rosa  and  Buena  Vista  are  the  principal 
mines  of  the  camp,  though  a  number  of 
others,  such  as  Narhuila,  Carmen  and 
Mina  Grande  have  records  of  silver  pro- 
duction running  to  a  million  ounces.  The 
Animas  mine,  owned  by  the  Wyman  Min- 
ing Company,  of  Toledo,  O.,  is  opened 
1000  ft.  in  length  by  a  200- ft.  vertical 
shaft  and  the  vein  dips  at  about  40  deg. 
and  is  12  to  15  ft.  thick  in  the  main  ore- 
shoot.  The  ores  are  silicious  with 
lead,  zinc  and  iron  sulphides,  run- 
ning probably  between  40  and  50  oz. 
of  silver  to  the  ton.  The  ores  are  com- 
plex and  rather  troublesome  to  treat  on 
account  of  antimony  and  arsenic  sul- 
phides present,  but  as  about  2,000,000  oz. 
are  said  to  be  developed  at  this  moderate 
depth,  proper  treatment  will  be  secured. 
Up  to  the  present  time  the  ores  of  this 
mine  n^i  ethers  of  the  camp  have  been 
treated  as  high-grade  ores.  The  Animas 
has  a  small  concentrating  mill  of  about 
20  tons  capacity  and  attempts  have  been 
made  to  produce  a  shipping  product, 
which  to  pay  transport  duties  and  smelt- 
ery charges  at  El  Paso  must  run  over 
100  oz.  This  plan  has  proved  unsuccess- 
ful, and  an  attempt  is  now  to  be  made 
to  treat  the  ores  locally.  The  mine  is  a 
good  one  but  has  suffered  for  years  from 
poor  management,  but  the  management 
has  recently  changed,  and  the  future 
looks  bright.  The  Santa  Rosa  property 
has  three  parallel  veins,  3  to  4  ft.  thick, 
of  quartz  carrying  iron  sulphides.  The 
mine  is  opened  to  250  ft.  depth,  but  not 
well  developed,  some  small  faults  have 
confused  the  work,  and  it  is  difficult  to 
claim  any  definite  tonnage  in  sight.  A 
costly  experiment  of  installing  a  smeltery 
before  the  mine  development  warranted 
it,  caused  a  shutdown.  The  ores  prob- 
ably  are    concentrating   or   cyaniding. 


The  San  Ju^an  mine  adjoining  the  Ani- 
mas is  operating  under  lease  to  C.  N. 
Kelson.  It  has  a  wide  vein  (10  to  12  ft.) 
opened  up  for  600  ft.  along  the  vein  at 
a  depth  of  500  ft.  on  the  vein  by  an  1 100- 
ft.  crosscut  tunnel.  It  shows  a  4-ft.  ore- 
shoot  averaging  about  30  oz.  silver  with  a 
little  gold.  The  predominant  mineral  is 
iron  sulphide. 

The  Buena  Vista  mine  has  had  over 
10,000  ft.  of  development  done,  much 
of  which  was  unnecessary.  It  shows  a 
4-ft.  vein  of  hematite  with  gray  copper 
carrying  silver.  The  vein  as  a  whole 
probably  will  average  low  in  silver, 
though  the  iron  keeps  constant  at  around 
50  per  cent.     As  the  mine  is  at  present 


California  ]\' 


The  Enffinetriifj  ,^  .Ifinin;  Jmimal 

Map  of  Portion  of  Sonora 

there  are  probably  block-ed  out  over 
50,000  tons  of  hematite,  carrying  a  little 
silver,  which  would  make  an  excellent 
flux  if  a  local  smeltery  was  established. 
The  other  veins  in  camp,  such  as  the 
Uvalama,  Carmen,  Recuerdo,  Mina 
Grande,  Narhuila,  Sierra,  Cruces,  etc., 
have  all  produced  much  high-grade  ore, 
but  have  not  had  much  development. 
They  will,  undoubtedly,  be  able  to  help 
swell  the  production  of  the  camp  when 
better  marketing  facilities  are  furnished. 

The  Sonora  Coalfield 

East  of  the  Santa  Rosa  and  Buena 
Vista  veins,  lies  the  coalfields  of  Los 
Bronces.  Six  larger  seams,  running  up 
to  8  ft.  in  thickness,  have  been  opened  up 
by  shallow  work.  The  field  is  consider- 
ably faulted  and  crushed,  but  with  devel- 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   f.-lNING   JOURNAL 


661 


jment  may  show  up  important  stretches 
if  unbroken  coal.  For  local  use  this  field 
ill  be  able  to  supply  all  the  fuel  needed. 
V  installing  a  gas-producer  plant  much 
the  coal  could  be  used  that  is  at 
■esent  useless.  The  coal  occurs  in  lens- 
;  and  is  of  a  good  grade  of  anthracite 
hen  not  too  much  crushed  and  meta- 
orphosed. 

The  Sunset  Development  Company,  a 
ibsidiary  of  the  Southern  Pacific  rail- 
lad  interests,  is  developing  a  similar 
)alfield  at  Tarahumari,  about  seven 
iles  east.    The  company  does  not  seem 


satisfied  with  the  results  so  far,  though 
the  latest  developments  have  been  more 
satisfactory. 

Smelting  Situation 

The  nearest  market  at  present  for  ores 
is  El  Paso.  Tex.  Freight  rates  to  the 
railroad  and  for  railroad  transport  to  El 
Paso  are  prohibitive  on  any  but  high- 
grade  ores.  The  smelting  plant  at  Toledo, 
vhich  has  been  held  back  by  lack  ot 
funds  and  the  scarcity  of  copper  and  lead 
ores,  is  being  revamped  preparatory  to 
starting     operations.      The    smeltery     at 


Fundicion,  Sonora,  is  also  said  to  be  pre- 
paring to  resume.  If  these  two  smelteries 
could  see  their  way  to  start  ore  buying, 
a  great  stimulus  to  development  would 
take  place. 

The  recent  purchase  of  the  La  Dura 
mines  by  the  Dolores-El  Rayo-Creston 
Colorado  combination,  the  activity  of 
Cole-Ryan  interests  at  San  Antonio,  of 
the  Lewisohns  at  Suaqui  Grande,  and  of 
the  Chicago  Exploration  Company,  at  the 
Mina  de  Mexico,  all  within  a  radius  of  30 
miles  of  San  Javier,  will  doubtless  soon 
attract   attention  to  this   district. 


Revival  inUres,  Hermosillo  and  Sahuaripa  Districts 

BY  W.  L.  WILSON* 


A  marked  revival  in  mining  is  taki^.g 
ace  in  the  Ures,  Hermosillo  and 
ihuaripa  districts  of  Sonora.  Two  years 
;o  everything  was  at  a  standstill  ex- 
pt  Minas  Prietas  and  San  .[avier.  Gen- 
al  panic  prevailed  during  the  years  of 
iqui  Indian  depredations;  then  financial 
ringency  in  the  United  States  brought 
1  further  suspension  of  work  and  a 
eat  lack  of  interest. 

Mix-Ryall  Concession 
The  Mix-Ryall  concession,  which  has 
idured  for  four  years  to  the  great  detri- 
ent  of  Sonora,  expired  and  the  ground 
as  declared  open  April,  1910.  This  con- 
ssion  carried  the  exclusive  right  from 
in  Antonio  northwest  to  the  Tecoripa 
ver,  then  down  the  east  bank  of  that 
ream  to  its  confluence  with  the  Rio 
iqui,  and  then  from  Cumuripa  up  that 
ver  to  San  Antonio.  It  included  some 
'  the  best  mineral  territory  in  the  State, 
ut  the  Ryall  interests  were  unable  to 
■ganize  any  systematic  prospecting 
impaign  during  the  activity  of  the 
aquis  so  that  little  ground  outside  of 
an  Antonio  was  acquired  under  that 
mcession.  During  last  winter  this  ter- 
tory  was  closely  examined  by  pros- 
.'ctors  so  that  when  the  land  became 
5en  many  denouncements  were  immedi- 
ely  made. 

Above  Tonichi  at  San  Antonio  de  la 
uerta  are  the  mines  of  the  San  Antonio 
opper  Company.  The  nucleus  of  this 
roup  was  bought  four  years  ago  for 
^0,000.  Development,  then  started,  has 
intinued  without  intermission.  A  large 
fdy  of  7  per  cent,  copper  has  been  ex- 
osed  for  137  ft.  in  the  oxidized  zone  and 
le  sulphides  are  being  opened  through 
innel  No.  16.  There  are  good  prospects 
1  this  vicinity  and  adjoining  the  San 
ntonio,  held  by  native  Mexicans  and  by 
mericans  who  lack  the  money  or  ex- 
erience. 

'Mine  manager,  Hermosillo,  Sonora,  Mexico. 


In  the  Santa  Barbara  District 

Northwest  of  Soyopa,  near  Rebeica,  two 
large  deposits  of  low-grade  copper  have 
been  denounced.  To  the  west  in  the  old 
Santa  Barbara  district  several  valuable 
veins  were  filed  on  by  Colorado  men. 
Much  free  gold  was  extracted  from  the 
veins  in  this  section  by  the  primitive 
methods  of  the  natives  prior  to  the  YaquI 
outbreak,  but  this  being  the  heart  of  the 
Yaqui  country  there  was  a  total  cessation 
of  work  until  April,  1910.  A  syndicate 
of  Eastern  men  under  the  management  of 
W.  L.  Wilson,  of  Denver,  Colo.,  secured 
a  large  area  of  good  ground  there  and 
are  vigorously  pushing  development  on 
several  veins.  The  Mazatan  Mining  Com- 
pany, a  Boston  corporation,  has  about 
125  acres  in  this  district,  with  three  large 
veins  running  through  the  property,  out- 
cropping at  intervals  for  a  mile  and  a 
half.  One  of  these  veins  is  cut  by  a 
tunnel  at  200  ft.  and  shows  6  ft.  on  the 
hanging-wall,  which  will  average  S45  per 
ton  in  gold.  This  is  a  quartz  vein  be- 
tween limestone  and  andesite  and  gives 
no  evidence  of  refractory  character.  On 
the  footwall  side  there  is  about  4  ft. 
averaging  30  per  cent,  copper  and  S2 
gold. 

North  of  Soyopa  and  12  miles  east  of 
Yaqui  river,  W.  E.  Pomeroy  has  partially 
developed  a  vein  of  high-grade  copper 
that  gives  promise  of  making  a  mine. 

Operations  Near  Rayon 

In  the  vicinity  of  Rayon  some  copper 
veins  of  fair  grade  are  being  developed. 
The  El  Tajo  company,  of  New  York,  has 
been  developing  the  old  Geronimo  inine, 
east  of  La  Poza  for  two  years,  and  is  now 
putting  in  a  concentrating  plant.  A  few 
miles  north,  on  the  San  Miguel  river,  some 
antiguas  of  noted  production  in  the  past 
will  soon  be  reopened.  EI  Alamo  and 
La  Cendrada,  famous  producers  of  rich 
silver  ore  in  the  davs  of  Governor  Gan- 


dara,  are  in  this  section.  One  hundred 
arrastras  and  nine  rasos  are  in  evidence 
to  corroborate  the  tradition  of  former 
great  activity  in  this  camp. 

Purchase  of  La  Dura  and  Figueroa 

The  Mines  Company  of  America  has 
acquired  La  Dura  mines  on  the  Rio  Yaqui. 
La  Dura  mines  under  Mexican  manage- 
ment were  large  producers  of  bonanza 
silver  ore,  carrying  copper  with  some  re- 
bellious elements,  but  paying  a  big  profit 
although  worked  in  a  most  primitive  way. 
O.  P.  Posey,  of  Los  Angeles,  has  bought 
the  Figueroa  mine  in  the  same  section. 
A  9-ft.  vein  of  copper  sulphide  shows 
at  the  surface. 

Other  New  Undertakings 

During  the  winter  of  1909-10,  the 
Chicago  Exploration  Company  bought 
the  Mina  de  Mexico  from  the  estate  of 
Don  Carmen  Ortega  and  active  develop- 
ment and  equipment  is  in  progress.  The 
high-grade  product  formerly  shipped 
amounted  to  more  than  a  million  pesos. 
There  are  several  thousand  tons  of  ore 
on  the  dumps  averaging  59  oz.  silver, 
that  will  pay   for  matting. 

Above  Santo  Nino  and  overlooking  that 
camp  the  Lluvia  de  Oro  is  in  a  fine  body 
of  20  pef  cent,  copper  sulphide,  carrying 
$8  to  SIO  in  gold  and  silver.  This  vein, 
between  the  limestone  and  andesite,  is 
promising.  North  and  west  of  the  Lluvia 
de  Oro,  In  the  vicinity  of  Suaqui  de-Batuc, 
there  are  some  rich  silver  veins.  Also 
several  low-grade  copper  deposits. 

West  of  Hermosillo.  James  Penman  is 
sinking  a  deep  shaft  on  the  Verde  Grande 
to  reach  the  sulphide  zone  w-hich  is 
proved  in  the  neighboring  Lluvia  de 
Cobre.  He  is  now  installing  a  30-h.p. 
hoist  and  compressor  plant.  Further 
south  a  California  company  is  sinking  on 
the  Creston  de  Cobre  in  fine  ore  at  260 
feet. 


/ 


662 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Railroad  Extension  Planned 

The  Torres  &  Prietas  railroad  running 
from  Torres  to  seven  miles  east  of  Minas 
Prietas,  was  transferred  in  the  spring 
of  1910  to  a  British  company.  Arrange- 
ments were  made  to  broad-gage  the  road 
and  to  extend  it  to  the  Rio  Yaqui  at 
Soyopa.  This  will  give  transportation 
to  the  mines 'around  Matepe,  Llano  Colo- 
rado, Santa  Barbara.  Soyopa  and  points 
on  the  river  above  Soyopa,  and  stimulate 
production  from  that  region.  The  western 
end  of  Ures  district  is  showing  new  life. 
The  San  Miguel  Mining  Company  over 
the  hill  from  the  Sultana,  is  building  a 
mill  and  tramway.  The  Sultana  has  been 
idle  since  Air.  Giroux  sold  it  to  the  Cole- 
Ryan    interests. 

Smelting   Plans 

The  Pacific  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany, successor  to  the  Douglas  Copper 
Company,  is  planning  to  start  the  smelt- 
ing plant  at  Fundicion  to  treat  custom 
ores  as  well  as  ore  from  the  El  Cobre 
property  of  the  company.  Courtney  De 
Kalb  is  in  charge. 

The  Toledo  smeltery  of  the  Yaqui 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  is  un- 
loading coke,  preparatory  to  blowing  in 
at  the  end  of  the  rainy  season. 


Points  about  Mexican   Labor 


By  Hugh  G.  Elwes* 

The  Mexican  barretcro  meets  the  con- 
ditions of  mine  work  ad-i.irably,  and,  if 
properly  treated  is  a  good  workman.  He 
stands  bad  conditions  as  to  ventilation, 
bad  ladders,  etc.,  well  and  above  all,  does 
not  strike  or  allow  walking  delegates  to 
interfere  between  himself  and  the  man- 
agement. As  timbermen  Mexicans  as  a 
rule  are  not  acquainted  with  the  elabor- 
ate systems  of  framing  employed  in  the 
United  States,  but  the  timbers  they  put 
in  stay,  and  the  ground  holds.  As  hoist- 
men  they  are  not  used  to  complicated, 
modern  hoisting  machinery  in  most  in- 
stances, but  a  Mexican  mechanic  is  quick 
to  learn.  A  Mexican  helper  to  American 
n-.achinists  soon  picks  up  much  knowl- 
edge, and  becomes  competent  to  do  prac- 
tically all  the  work  around  a  mine.  It  is 
not  suggested  that  an  American  master 
mechanic  is  not  a  good  investment  in  the 
case  of  a  large  concern  operating  much 
machinery,  but  his  helpers  can  be  Mexi- 
cans, and  I  believe  that  any  sincere  Amer- 
ican machinist  will  admit  that  his  Mexi- 
can helpers  are  willing  and  faithful  as- 
sistants. In  many  cases  large  salaries 
are  paid  for  American  help  which  could 
be  distributed  with  great  advantage  among 
the  poorly  paid  Mexican  help.  In  under- 
ground work  there  is  no  foreman  as  good 
as  a  Mexican  foreman  for  getting  work 
out  of  his  own  countrymen,  and  he  is  not 


more   liable   to  be   found   asleep  on  duty 
than  his  northern  compttitor. 

Mexican  Miners  Should  Be  Given 
Contracts 

Mexican  miners  are  not  much  good  at 
single  jack  work,  but  a  parada  (pair  of 
miners),  one  turning  the  drill  and  the 
other  as  striker  will  do  an  astonishing 
amount,  even  in  hard  rock.  They  should 
always  be  given  contracts,  since  they  are 
not  any  more  conscientious  than  other  la- 
borers when  paid  by  the  day. 

In  a  few  mines  the  Mexicans  have 
learned  to  handle  air  drills,  and  do  good 
work.  There  is  no  necessity  to  pay  high 
wages  to  a  foreign  air-drill  man  after  the 
Mexicans  have  learned  to  run  the  ma- 
chines. The  craze  for  foreign  help  among 
foreign-owned  mining  companies  in  Mex- 
ico is  recounted  for  by  the  reports  of  men 
incompetent  to  handle  Mexicans  owing  to 
their  ignorance  of  Spanish  and  of  the  cus- 
tons  of  the  country. 

As  trammers  the  Mexicans  are  far  bet- 
ter than  foreigners,  though  few  of  the 
latter  condescend  to  do  such  menial  work 
as  tramming  in  Mexico.  As  masons,  Mex- 
icans can  build  good  foundations,  retain- 
ing walls,  mine  buildings,  etc.,  at  a  small 
fraction  of  the  cost  of  foreign  help  for 
this  class  of  work. 

Drill  sharpening  machines  are  not  much 
used  in  Mexico,  since  the  blacksmiths  are 
expert,  quick  workers  and  cheap.  Cross- 
cutting,  driving  levels,  and  sloping  can 
generally  be  best  done  by  contract. 
Sometimes  the  price  is  arranged  by  the 
number  of  centimeters  drilled,  or  by  the 
advance  made  in  the  work  of  a  certain 
cross-section,  or  by  the  weight  of  ore  pro- 
duced of  a  certain  grade.  Tramming  is 
often  done  by  contract,  too. 

In  connection  with  the  metallurgical 
treatment  of  the  ore,  and  the  technical 
work  such  as  surveying,  assaying  and 
testing  solutions,  foreigners  are  neces- 
sarily employed  since  there  are  few  Mex- 
icans trained  to  do  such  work.  Mill  help- 
ers, stokers,  taiik  men,  etc.,  can  and 
should  be  Mexican,  being  cheap  and  effi- 
cient. 


•MlnlDK  cMicIniMM-.   I'miiinllii.  ViM-ncniz,  Mrx. 


The  Ajuchitlan  Mine  in  Queretaro 

The  Ajuchitlan  mine  in  the  State  of 
Queretaro,  Mexico,  near  the  station  of 
Bernal  on  the  National  railway  has  been 
for  several  years  under  active  develop- 
ment by  an  American  company  of  which 
C.  Crowell,  of  Monterey,  is  president  and 
John  C.  Brennon,  of  Mexico  City,  vice- 
president.  The  company  has  installed  a 
mill  and  an  electric  plant.  A  new  dam 
has  just  cieen  completed  which  will  fur- 
nish 400  h.p.  additional.  A  500-ft.  Sul- 
livan, two-stage  compressor  has  been  in- 
stalled and  diamond  drills  will  be  used  in 
exploration. 

The  last  report  of  the  company  to 
March,    1910,    shows    for    the    year,   that 


20,563    metric    tons    were    milled    of   ail 

average    content    of   23.574    pesos.     Thsl 

mining  expense  was  2.289  pesos  per  toil 

and  milling  expense  3.925  pesos  per  tonl 

a  total  of  6.214  pesos.    This  left  an  operj 

ating  profit  of   127,778   pesos   of  whiclj 

16,524  pesos  was  spent  in  mine  develop! 

ment  and  1979  pesos  for  general  expense  | 

During     the     year     dividends     to    th 

amount   of   75,000  pesos   were   paid,  th 

sum  of  56,306  pesos  was  spent  upon  pei 

manent  improvements  and    40,000    peso 

were  loaned  to  the  electrical  company.     ' 

President  Crowell  in  his  report  says: 

"While  the  operating  costs  are  not  e> 

cessive    when    compared    with    those    i 

other    plants,    neither    are    they    entire' 

satisfactory  to  the  management,  and  the 

will  certainly  be  lowered  within  the  pre 

ent    year.      Various    causes     have     coi 

tributed  to  our  inability  to  get  costs  dow 

to  what  we  consider  a  reasonable  figur 

chief  among   them   being   the   small  to 

nage.     It  was  our  intention  to  bring  tl 

capacity    of   the    mill    up    to     3000    to 

monthly  by  the  middle  of   1910  but  o 

plans  were  changed  when  it  became  e\ 

dent  that  the  necessary  power  could  n 

be  secured.     It  was,  therefore,  decided 

make  the  additions  to  the  mill  and  cy 

nide  plant  gradually.    The  working  of  t 

mill   and   cyanide   plant   during   the   ye 

was  quite  satisfactory,  though  the  extra 

tion  was  still  low,  being  a  little  under 

per  cent.     As  u'sual  this  was  principa 

due   to   inefficient   washing.     Though  t 

water  supply  is  better  now  than  heret 

fore,  we  will  be  unable  to  wash  the  slitr 

thoroughly  until  some  form  of  filter  is  ' 

stalled.     The   matter  is  under  considei 

tion.     Good   washing   with    the    press 

treatment  would  give  us  an  extraction 

from  78  to  80  per  cent,  and  this  can 

attained    by    the    installation    of    a   flit 

Any  further  increase  in  extraction  will 

quire  finer  grinding,  and  it  is  still  a  qu- 

tion   whether  the    increase   would   not 

secured  at  prohibitive  cost.     The  devel( 

ment  done   during  the  year  was  890 

A  large  part  of  this  was  in  ore  aires 

discovered,  to  facilitate  extraction.    So 

drifting  was  done  on  the  vein  at  the  le 

of   the   main   tunnel,   showing   ore   of 

average  of  12  to   13  pesos  per  ton.     1 

vein    which    was    lost    in    the    upper, 

Santo  Nino,  level,  has  not  yet  been  fou 

It   was   at   first   thought    to    have    b(. 

faulted,  but  investigation  showed  that 

had  encountered  what  was  a  deep  gul 

or   ravine   in   the   mountain,  prior  to    ■ 

volcanic    overflow     that     left     the    sh  ■ 

covered   with   a  capping   of  andesite.    : 

seemed  advisable  to  prosecute  the  sea  i 

for   the   vein   at   the    main    tunnel    le  I 

rather  than  in  the  upper  level.     The  ■ 

dications  are  that  we  will  soon  be  throi  i 

the  andesite  and  into  the  shale  where  • 

vein  should  be  found." 

E.  F.  Russell  is  the  general  supei  ■ 
tcndent  and  Angel  Carnavali,  mine  sup- 
intcndent. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


863 


l/Iining  and  Smelting  at  Achotla  Mine,  Guerrero 

Property  in  Balsas  River  Region;  Suffers  from  Lack  of  Transport  Facili- 
ities.     Only    Oxidized    Silver  Lead    Ores    Smelted;   Bullion    Cupelled 

B~Y     W^     B^      DEVEREUX.  JR.* 


The  Achotla  mine,  owned  and  operated 
t  the  Suriana  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
py,  is  situated  in  the  district  of  Aldama, 
Jite  of  Guerrero,  Mexico.  This  district  is 
nut  50  miles  down  the  Balsas  river 
im  Balsas  station,  the  terminus  of  the 
<  ernavaca  branch  of  the  Mexican  Cen- 
1 1  railroad.  Achotla  can  be  reached  by 
1  to  24  hours  riding  over  a  rough  moun- 
ta  trail  from  Balsas  station,  or  by  float- 
1;  down  the  river  in  flat-bottom  boats  to 
I  zuapa — the  river  point  for  Achotla  and 
I  mpo  Morado,  the  boat  trip  requiring 
(■m  8  to  10  hours.  The  mine  is  at  an 
I  vation  of  2800  ft.  above  sea  level,  and 
nut  6' J  miles  north  of  the  river  in  an 
I  line,  but  by  trail  it  is  over  eight  miles. 
,  Campo  Morado  is  the  rich  Reforma 
1  ne,  owned  by  Jose  Maria  Ortiz,  and 
■  ich  is  said  to  have  produced  upwards 


There  arc  at  present  two  known  bodies 
separated  by  a  horse  of  slate — the  north- 
ern one  is  low-grade  with  the  exceptions 
of  small  portions;  the  southern  end,  how- 
ever, which  is  from  7  to  20  ft.  in  width 
and  has  been  opened  for  a  horizontal 
distance  of  370  ft.,  is  of  a  good  smelting 
grade. 

Mining  Only  Oxidized  Ore  at  Present 

The  ore  consists  chiefly  of  oxide  of 
lead  and  iron  in  a  silicious  gangue  carry- 
ing gold  and  silver.  Near  the  hanging- 
wall  soft  and  sandy  lead  oxides  occur 
with  an  increase  in  silver,  and  sometimes 
in  gold,  but  at  a  distance  of  from  five  to 
12  ft.  from  this  wall  the  ore  becomes 
harder  through  the  increase  of  oxide  of 
iron,  while  the  lead  diminishes  in  quan- 
tity.     Apparently    no    fixed    relation    ex- 


ti.Ltc  direct  to  the  smeltery.  Drilling  is 
done  entirely  by  hand  and  practically  all 
of  the  mining  is  let  on  contract. 


.\N.\LY.SES 

OF  .\CHOTL.\  ORES. 

Class  I. 
Percent. 

Cla.ss  II, 
Per  Cent. 

Cla.'.sIII, 
Pi  r  Cent. 

I.,ea(i 

Silica 

Iron .. 

IJine 

7.1 
40.1 
22.3 

trace 
:i  2 

11.0 
6.4 

none 

none 
0.42 
52.6 

S.O 
43.8 
16.2 

13.4 
2.3 

"6'56 
60. 5 

11. 1 
i  5.5 
20.6 

Zinc 

Siili)hiir 

.\r.-^cnic 

.\iiliiiii)riy 

Silver,  oz . 

Smelting  Oxidized  Lead  Ores  in  Small 
Water-jacketed  Furnace 
The  ores  smelted  are  oxidized  lead  and 
iron  ores,  containing  a  variable  quantity 


Achotla  Mine  and  S.v.iaiiNX  Plant  or  the  Suriana  Mining  and  S.melting    Company,  Guerrero,  Mi;xico 


$500,000    net    per    year    for    several 
ars. 

Orrbodies  in  Greenstone 

The  ore  deposits  of  the  Achotla  mine 
e  similar  to  those  of  the  Reforma  and 
cur  in  a  fissured  zone  of  eruptive  rock, 
issed  as  greenstone.  The  vein,  which 
■ikes  southeast  and  northwest,  is  from 
to  150  ft.  wide  across  the  outcrop  and 
so  prominent  that  it  can  be  seen  from 
ross  the  barranca  running  up  the 
3untain  for  over  a  mile  in  lenfth.     The 

'ssan  outcrop  is  the  usual  surface  ex- 
esslon  'of  a  sulphide  of  iron  deposit, 
ten  carrx'ing  more  or  less  copper,  but 

I  this  case  it  is  unusual  on  account  of 
e   high    lead    content    of    the    oxidized 

^es;  part   of   it   is   highly    stained    with 

|d   and   yellow   iron    and    lead    oxides. 


'^tlnlnK  enslneer.   Mines   Mniia^-i'ini-iil    Cmiii- 
1"   Wall   street.    .New    York. 


ists  between  the  gold  and  silver  contents, 
and  the  amount  of  the  former  in  the  ore 
is  decidedly  variable.  Three  types  of  ore 
are  mined:  (1)  Iron  ore;  (2)  lead  ore; 
(3)  low-grade  ore.  The  analyses  of  the 
ores  are  given  in  the  accompanying 
table. 
Sulphide  Ore,  Containing  Copper  in 
Lower  Levels 

Large  bodies  of  iron  pyrites  have  been 
opened;  also  a  large  block  of  sulphide 
ore  containing  a  high  percentage  of  cop- 
per has  been  partially  developed  on  the 
lowest  level,  which  is  about  the  top  of  the 
sulphide   zone. 

The  mine  is  opened  by  adit  tunnels  on 
three  different  levels  which  are  all  con- 
nected by  winzes,  and  above  the  breast  of 
the  lowest,  or  "No.  0"  level,  there  are 
about  900  ft.  of  backs.  The  ore  sloped 
from  the  upper  levels  is  brought  down 
in  chutes  to  "No.  0"  and  trammed   from 


of  gold  and  silver,  but  on  the  advent  of  a 
railroad  the  company  will  be  able  to  mine 
and  smelt  a  large  body  of  copper  ore  and 
to  ship  the  resultant  production  of  matte. 
After  coming  from  the  mine  the  ore  is 
dumped  on  a  grizzley,  the  oversize  going 
to  the  crusher.  It  is  then  bedded  by  al- 
ternating a  layer  of  fines  with  a  layer  of 
coarse,  which  gives  a  mixture  that  is  just 
right,  neither  too  coarse  nor  too  fine. 
From  the  beds  it  is  brought  to  the  smelt- 
ery in  wheelbarrows.  The  furnace,  which 
is  of  the  water-jacketed  type,  is  36  in.  wide 
by  60  in.  long,  and  is  now  handling  30 
metric  tons  (dry  weight)  of  ore  per  day 
or  51  tons  of  charge.  The  fiuxes  are  bar- 
ren and  consist  of  iron  oxide  and  lime- 
stone. The  coke  amounts  to  1 1  per  cent, 
of  the  charge  and  the  charcoal  is  14  per 
cent,  of  the  charge.  The  company  has 
found  that  the  furnace  works  much  bettjr 
and  gives  a  higher  extraction  when  coke 


664 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


only  is  used  instead  of  coke  and  char- 
coal, and  in  spite  of  the  cost  of  coke, 
which  is  54  pesos  per  ton,  would  use  it 
alone  were  it  possible  to  secure  trans- 
portation  for  the  desired  amount. 

Bullion  Cupelled  and  Lead  Used 
Again  on  Furnace  Charge 

An  average  smelting  mixture  will  carry 
about  1500  grai.ls  of  silver,  12  grams  of 
gold  and  10  per  cent,  of  lead.  The  matte 
fall  is  about  4  per  cent,  of  the  charge. 
The  matte  and  slag  are  crushed  and  about 
two  tons  of  matte  and  nine  tons  of  slag 
are  resmelted  daily.  The  plant  is  equip- 
ped with  a  machine  for  briquetting  fines 
and  flue  dust,  which  is  done  when  a  suffi- 
cient amount  has  accumulated.  The  lead 
bullion  produced  carries  an  amount  of 
silver  varying  from  15  to  20  kg.  and  from 
140  to  180  grams  of  gold  per  metric  ton. 
Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  lead  in  the  ore, 
the  lead  bars  are  cupelled  and  the  lith- 
arge recovered  is  used  in  the  furnace 
to  make  up  the  deficiency  in  lead.  The 
silver  bullion  is  about  600  fine  and  is 
shipped  to  Mexico  City  and  sold  there. 

In  spite  of  the  small  size  of  the  fur- 
nace, it  has  run  constantly  for  six  months, 
the  only  trouble  experienced  being  with 
the  lead  well,  which  at  times  could  not 
be  kept  hot  enough  and  required  fre- 
quent barring — this  was  due  to  the  small 
amount  of  lead.  Great  difficulty  has  also 
been  experienced  in  obtaining  enough 
iron  for  use  as  flux.  For  a  time  iron- 
oxide  ore  was  mined  from  the  company's 
property,  but  the  supply  is  practically 
exhausted  and  experiments  are  now  being 
made  to  determine  whether  the  pyrite 
ores  can  be  successfully  roasted  in  heaps 
or  in  stalls.  If  satisfactory  results  are 
obtained  by  either  method  the  question  of 
iron  for  fluxing  purposes  will  be  solved, 
as  there  is  a  large  enough  supply  of  this 
ore  to  last  for  many  years.  It  carries 
sufficient  gold  and  silver  to  pay  the  cost 
of  mining  and  roasting. 

Difficult  Operating  Conditions 

Owing  to  the  great  distance  of  the  mine 
from  the  railroad  and  the  many  mountain 
ranges  to  be  crossed,  operating  condi- 
tions are  most  difficult  and  costs  high, 
the  latter  being  largely  due  to  the  exces- 
sive freight  charges  from  Balsas  station 
to  Achotla.  The  country  is  sparsely  pop- 
ulated and  the  demand  for  laborers  is 
greater  than  the  supply — in  fact,  the  dis- 
trict can  hardly  produce  the  food  neces- 
sary to  support  the  men  and  animals  re- 
quired to  operate  the  Re  forma  and 
Achotla  mines,  and  until  a  railroad  is 
built  down  the  river  from  Balsas  station 
it  is  doubtful  if  the  country  could  sup- 
port another  mine.  During  the  rainy  sea- 
son, which  extends  from  May  to  October, 
the  rains  are  heavy,  with  the  result  that 
freighting  is  brought  to  a  stand-still.  In- 
bound freight  is  floated  down  the  river 
to    Pezuapa    and    packed    from    there    to 


Achotla  on  mules,  but  out-bound  freight 
has  been  packed  from  Achotla  to  the  rail- 
road and  the  lack  of  animals  has,  up  to 
the  present  time,  precluded  the  ship- 
ment of  lead  bullion  or  matte.  The  com- 
pany has  its  own  houses  and  stores,  and 
the  grounds,  works  and  buildings  are 
lighted  by  electricity. 

The  mine  is  managed  by  the  Mines 
Management  Company,  and  is  under  the 
direct  supervision  of  F.  A.  Provot,  who 
has  had  charge  of  operations  for  the  last 
eight  months;  G.  P.  Robinson  is  super- 
intendent. 


British  Mining  Companies    in 
Mexico 


In  a  recently  issued  book  entitled 
"Twenty-five  Years  of  Mining,"  Edward 
Ashmead,  of  London,  has  included  a 
chapter  on  the  British  mining  companies 
formed  to  operate  in  Mexico  during  the 
24-year  period  from  1881  to  1904. 

The  British  mining  investor  has  taken 
well  to  Mexican  mines,  and  not  stinted 
capital  for  working.  The  large-capital 
concerns,  that  is,  those  over  £100,000, 
number  more  than  a  hundred.  Taking 
the  years  under  review,  a  total  of  184 
companies  were  formed  with  a  total  capi- 
talization of  £30,060,478.  The  larger 
companies  were: 

In  1881,  La  Gran  Gold  and  Silver, 
£130,000  capital.  1882— Zubrate  Mining, 
£200,000.  1883 — Anglo-Mexican,  £325,- 
000;  Montezuma,  £240,000.  1884 — 
Grand  Barranca,  £300,000;  La  Trinidad, 
£500,000;  Mexican  Mining,  £400,000; 
North  Mexican  Silver,  £200,000,  and 
Pinos  Altos  (Mexican),  £250,000.  1885 
— Almada  &  Tirito.  £210,000  (this  com- 
pany has  been  reconstructed  more  than 
once»;  Great  Las  Nieves,  £250,000; 
Alesquital  Del  Oro,  £100,000  (recon- 
structed in  1897)  ;  the  Silver  Queen 
United,  £250,000,  and  the  Trojes  United 
Mining  and  Smelting,  £450,000.  1886— 
Aztec  Silver,  £150,000;  the  Consolidated 
Gold  Mines  of  Mulatos,  £650,000;  East 
Arevalo  (Mexico),  £150,000;  La  Velera, 
£100,000  (reconstructed  in  1891);  the 
Palmarejo  Mining  Company,  £400.000 
(this  company  in  1898  became  the 
Palmarejo  &  Mexican  Goldfields,  with 
£700,000  capital);  the  Pintos  Altos  Bul- 
lion, £300.000;  San  Petro  Silver  and  Gold 
Alines,  £180,000;  San  Ricarda.  £100.000; 
and  the  Sonora  Silver,  £365,000.  1887— 
Batopilas  Mining,  £400,000;  La  Luz 
.Mines  of  Mexico,  £210,000  (reconstruct- 
ed in  1890  and  1893)  ;  Mansfield-Mexican 
Silver  Mines,  £100,000;  Mexican  Copper, 
£250,000  (reconstructed  in  1898)  ;  Mexi- 
can Santa  Barbara,  £300,000;  Oaxaca 
Mining,  £100,000;  San  Acasia  Mining, 
£400,000  (reconstructed  a  year  later); 
and  the  Smelting  Company  of  Mexico, 
£120,000.  1888— Anglo-CalifornianOnyx, 
£100.000;  Cerro  Blanco  Mine,  £150,000; 
El  Padre,  £200,000;  La  Gloria,  £150,000; 


Mexican  Coal  and  Iron,  £800,000;  Min; 
Grande,  £100,000;  North  Mexican  Minin; 
and  Smelting,  £200,000,  and  the  Sant: 
Teresa  Copper,  £250,000.  1889— Chiapa 
Mining,  £252,500;  Chiapas  Zone  Exploi 
ation.  £250,000;  Imuris  Mines,  £175,00 
(reconstructed  in  1892);  Mexican  an 
General  Concessions,  £200,000;  Sa 
Pablo  (Mexico),  £150,000;  Torreon  Silvs 
and  Copper,  £200,000. 

In  1890,  the  Great  San  Anton  GoK 
£300,000;  Guadalcazar  '  Quicksilve 
£400,000  (reconstructed  in  1895);  Me> 
ican  Mineral  Zone  Exploration,  £100,00' 
and  the  Ventanas  Silver  and  Gold  Mine 
£500,000.  1890— Princessa  Gold,  £12.^ 
000.  1891 — Abaris  Mining  Corporatio 
£150,000;  El  Refugio,  £375,000;  El  Pn 
greso  Native  Copper,  £100,000;  San 
Rosalia  del  Carmen  (Mexican)  Coppe 
£250,000;  and  the  Tominil  Mines,  £15C 
000  (merged  into  another  company 
1903).  1892— Bacis  Gold  and  Silv 
Mines.  £200,000;  Macate  Mining  Sync 
cate,  £160,000;  Mexican  Mining,  Smeltii 
and  Land,  £210,000,  and  the  Ne 
Pachuca  Silver,  £100,000.  189*— Me> 
can  Gold  and  Silver  Recovery,  £200,OC 
1894 — Lyonnaise  Mexican  Concessior 
£200,000.  1895— La  Bufa  Mexican  Or 
Mines,  £100,000;  Malacate  Mining  ai 
Smelting,  £500,000;  United  Mexic. 
Mines,  £150,000,  and  the  Laguna  Zac 
tecas  Minerals  Deposit,  £1,000,000.  18 
—British  Gold  Mines  of  Mexico,  £I0( 
000;  the  Consolidated  Goldfields  of  Me 
ico,  £400,000;  the  Goldfields  of  Mexi( 
£100,000;  Grand  Central  Mining,  £25i 
000,  and  the  Mazapil  Copper,  £200,0( 
1897 — Campafia  Consolidated  Gc 
Mines,  £200,000,  and  the  El  Mundo  (Mt 
ican)  Gold,  £100,000.  1899— El  C 
Mining  and  Railway,  £1,150,000;  Avi 
Mines  of  Mexico,  £500,000  (this  compa 
was  reconstructed  in  1903,  and  the  cap! 
increased  to  £1,000,000);  Durango  C( 
per,  £300,000;  Las  Peras  (Mexica 
Cold,  £100.000;  Mexican  Esperanza  Gi 
Mines,  £850,000;  Panuco  Copper,  £50 
000,  and  the  Sonoma  Mines  of  Mexi 
£500,000. 

In  1901,  the  Castelena  Consolidati 
£100,000,  and  the  Dorste  Gule  Go 
£100,000.  1902— Abundan  (Mexicai 
£175,000;  Cherokee  (Mexican)  Propr 
tarv,  £400,000;  and  the  Westerton  Mi 
£250,000.  1903— Esperanza,  £455,0(, 
Mexican  San  Felix,  £100,000;  and  the  S 
Francisco  del  Oro,  £375,000.  190') 
Dolores,  £330,000;  Mexico  Mines  of  1 
Oro,  £180,000;  and  the  Tetela  Minii 
£100,000. 


The  use  of  fuel  oil  in  mining  ope 
tions   having    proved    profitable    to    ' 
Greene-Cananea      company,      origina 
granted  the  concession  to   import    pet 
leum  free,  the  Mexican  government  si 
sequently   accorded   other  companies 
same  privilege  for  the  purpose  of  offs- 
ting  adverse  market  conditions  by  che:- 
ening  the  handling  of  lower  grade  ore? 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


665 


Iron  Resources  of  the  Republic  of  Mexico 

Numerous  Unexplored  Iron  Deposits,  but  Resources  Generally  Overesti- 
mated.    Principal  Operations  are  in  Northern  Mexico.     Coal  Reserves 

BY       E  Z  E  Q  U  I  E  L      O  R  D  O  N  E  Z=== 


Only  recently  has  attention  been  drawn 
to  the  iron-ore  deposits  of  Mexico,  al- 
though for  two  centuries  past  a  few  small 
iron  foundries,  established  chiefly  in  the 
mountainous  regions  and  near  the  precious 
metal  mining  districts,  have  been  oper- 
ated, yielding  iron  used  for  common  tools. 
These  early  operations  used  primitive 
metallurgical  methods.  The  fuel  was  en- 
tirely furnished  from  the  neighboring  for- 
ests, either  as  wood  or  as  charcoal.  With 
the  discovery  of  important  coalfields  in 
,  northern  Mexico  about  12  years  ago,  in- 
■  creasing  interest  was  directed  to  the  iron- 
ore  resources  of  the  country.  However, 
it  must  be  recognized  that  even  at  the 
present  time  the  iron-mining  industry  of 
the  country  is  in  the  development  stage, 
and  that  many  of  the  deposits  are  prac- 
tically undiscovered  and  entirely  unex- 
plored, and  that  there  is  not  sufficient  data 
for  even*  an  approximate  estimation  of  the 
industrial  value  of  the  known  or  oper- 
ated deposits. 

Mexican   Iron   Ore   Overestimated 

On  the  imperfect  data  available  there 
has  heretofore  existed  an  over  estimation 
of  the  available  iron-ore  resources  of 
Mexico,  the  idea  prevailing  that  the  iron 
existed  in  sufficient  quantities  to  supply 
at  least  the  needs  of  the  country  for  an 
unlimited  time.  The  facts  about  the  iron 
resources  of  Mexico,  are  not  in  entire 
justification  of  the  ideas  which  have  pre- 
vailed more  or  less  generally  in  Mexico 
and  abroad  concerning  the  iron  resources 
of  the  country. 

It  is  difficult  to  determine  the  actual 
iron-ore  reserves  of  Mexico,  or  evert  to 
give  a  complete  sketch  of  the  known  de- 
posits, for  the  country  is  large  and  there 
is  difficulty  in  gathering  precise  data. 
Also,  the  statistical  and  economic  inves- 
tigations by  the  Government  and  by  in- 
dividuals are  incomplete.  This  article  ex- 
presses personal  views,  which  are  in  a 
large  part  the  result  of  my  own  investiga- 
tions, carried  on  forscientificand industrial 
purposes  during  a  period  of  more  than 
a  decade.  It  should  be  understood  at  the 
outset  that  the  country  as  a  whole  is  not 
well  explored,  especially  for  iron,  and 
'  there  is  reason  to  expect  an  important 
enlargement  of  the  known  iron-ore  re- 
serves in  the  future,  as  well  as  a  better 
'  understanding  of  the  importance  of  the 
deposits  already  operated  and  explored. 

Niilp— Rpvlsea  from  iin  urlicli-  in  "Ii-oii  Ore  . 
UcmmiTPs  iif  tlin   Wnrld.'       Inlernntlonnl  fii'o- 
'nglcnl  foncrpss.   llilii. 

I      'Mlnlnc    kpoIokIsI    and    eneinppr,     Avpnid.i 
<  'Jeneral  I'rlm  I'.M.".,  Mexico,  D.  P. 


Mostly  Contact  Deposits 
Deposits  of  iron  ore  are  found  widely 
distributed  in  Mexico,  but  few  of  them 
can  be  considered  of  great  commercial 
importance.  Almost  all  of  the  commer- 
cial iron  deposits  of  Mexico  are  in  the 
nature  of  contact  deposits.  Usually  the 
sedimentary  rock  is  limestone  of  the 
Cretaceous  period,  especially  in  the  de- 
posits in  the  central  and  northern  part  of 
the  country.  In  many  of  the  contact 
deposits  in  the  south  of  Mexico  and  along 
the  Pacific  coast,  the  iron  deposits  are 
beneath  crystalline  schists  and  other 
Paleozoic  sediments  and  rest  upon  plu- 
tonic  rocks  greatly  varied  from  granu- 
lites,  diorites  and  monzonitcs  to  porphy- 
ries of  various  types.  It  often  occurs  that 
the  outcrop  of  these  contact  deposits  fur- 
nish considerable  quantities  of  iron  ore, 
but  the  deposits  are  really  not  true  iron 
deposits,  but  are  deposits  of  sulphide 
minerals;  the  commercial  iron  ore  being 
replaced  at  depth  with  iron  and  copper 
sulphides  and  forming,  in  fact,  only  "gos- 
san" or  "iron  hats,"  typical  of  the  depos- 
its of  this  class  throughout  the  world. 
Some  of  those  deposits  yield  at  the  sur- 
face commercial  iron  ore  of  a  high  grade, 
but  with  increasing  depth  there  is  an  in- 
crease in  the  pyrite,  which  ultimately  re- 
places the  commercial  iron  ore  and  con- 
tains in  some  of  the  deposits  above  re- 
ferred to,  chalcopyrite,  often  carrying 
gold.  The  question  may  be  raised  wheth- 
er or  not  some  of  the  so  called  true  iron- 
ore  deposits,  limited  in  number,  will  not 
also  become  pyritiferous  at  moderate 
depth,  below  the  already  explored  por- 
tion. 

Most  Deposits  Indicated  by  Surface 

Exposures 
From  these  facts  it  can  be  assumed 
that  the  reserves  of  oxidized  iron  ores 
in  Mexico  are  practically  all  indicated 
by  the  surface  exposures,  as  owing  to  the 
far-advanced  erosion,  at  least  in  certain 
regions,  the  oxidized  ore  is  often  almost 
entirely  exposed.  For  example,  the  de- 
posits of  the  western  part  of  the  country 
along  the  Pacific  coast.  Here  the  Pal- 
eozoic coverings  of  the  iron  ores  have  al- 
most entirely  disappeared,  and  intense 
tectonic  action  has  broken  the  country 
into  blocks  unequally  displaced  and  re- 
adjusted, and  the  result  is  a  notable  and 
remarkable  abundance  of  masses  of  iron 
ore,  spread  over  a  considerable  area,  and 
occupying,  in  the  form  of  relatively  thin 
beds  the  tops  of  the  hills  and  mountains. 
These  deposits  have  been  isolated  by  the 
forces  of  nature,  and  the  abundant  ero- 


sion has  removed  an  enormous  amount 
of  the  iron.  Fragments  of  all  sizes  cover 
the  slopes  of  the  hills  and  the  smaller 
pieces,  disintegrating  under  a  tropical 
climate,  have  enriched  the  soil  around  the 
deposits.  Deposits  of  this  kind  are  found 
abundantly  on  the  Pacific  coast  in  the 
States  of  Colima,  Jalisco,  Michoacan  and 
Guerrero.  I  have  noted  the  same  de- 
struction of  originally  extensive  iron-ore 
deposits  in  the  Eastern  Sierra  and  the 
Sierra  Aladre,  where  there  is  a  cool  but 
moist  climate,  and  in  places  where  there 
has  been  extensive  tectonic  action. 

There  are  also  deposits  that  are  mere 
remnants  of  much  more  extensive  de- 
posits, which,  under  the  action  of  the 
sea,  have  been  so  distributed  that  the 
ore  is  no  longer  commercially  available. 
In  the  State  of  Michoacan  are  masses 
of  iron  ore  on  the  shore  of  ancient  sei 
beaches,  a  hundred  meters  above  the 
present  shore.  On  the  west  coast  of 
Guerrero  is  an  ancient  mass  of  iron  ore, 
the  remnant  of  a  much  larger  mass  which 
has  been  destroyed  under  the  influence 
of  the  waves  of  the  sea. 

Some  True  Iron  Veins 

In  addition  to  t're  prevailing  contact 
type  of  deposit  are  true  veins  containing 
iron  and  lenticular  masses  of  iron  ore 
occurring  in  diorite  formations  or  passing 
through  sedimentary  formations.  Excel- 
lent examples  of  this  type  of  deposit  may 
be  seen  on  the  coast  of  Michoacan,  where 
veins  of  magnetite  cut  through  the  lime- 
stone formation  as  at  Coalcoman.  Small 
veins  of  cobaltite  and  nickelite  traverse 
these  magnetite  deposits  at  Pihuamo,  in 
Jalisco.  On  the  Las  Truchas  hill  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Balsas,  is  a  large  lens 
of  magnetite,  with  crystals  of  garnet 
found  in  a  diorite  formation.  Near 
Puerto  Angel  and  in  other  localities  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec  are  numer- 
ous veins  of  magnetite  occurring  in  gran- 
ite. However,  many  of  these  veins  of 
iron  ore  cannot  be  considered  as  com- 
mercial, because  of  their  comparatively 
limited  extent,  and  the  difficulty  and  ex- 
pense of  extracting  the  ore  under  the 
conditions  in  which  it  occurs. 

Iron  Deposits  on  the  Pacific  Coast 

In  portions  of  Jalisco  and  Michoacan 
the  destruction  of  iron  deposits,  which 
were  important  features  of  an  earlier 
topography,  has  been  so  great  that  now 
only  rounded  blocks  remain  scattered  on 
the  hill  slopes.  On  the  coast  of  Guerrero, 
Michoacan  and  Jalisco  and  in  the  Sierras 
facing  the  sea  are  to  be  found  a  remark- 


G66 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


able  number  of  iron  deposits.  Here  more 
than  30  iron  deposits  with  good  ore  are 
distributed  along  a  line  more  than  300 
km.  long,  all  occurring  under  similar  geo- 
logical conditions. 

The  situation  of  the  more  important 
of  these  deposits  is,  unfortunately,  un- 
favorable to  industrial  development. 
Near  the  boundary  between  Jalisco  and 
Michoacan,  on  the  top  of  a  mountain 
range  2000  m.  abo\c  the  sea  level,  I  ex- 
amined on  one  occasion  a  contact  iron  de- 
posit, which  had  already  been  investigat- 
ed, with  the  result  of  showing  more  than 
a  million  tons  of  iron  ore  of  commercial 
quality  in  sight.  Here  t'r.e  iron  ore  was 
apparently  deposited  in  layers  between 
diorite  and  limestone  formations.  An 
iron  deposit  near  the  mouth  of  the  Balsas 
river  on  the  Pacific  coast  contains,  on  the 
estimate  of  the  surface  exposure,  nearly 
9,000,000  tons,  much  of  which  is  in  the 
form  of  "float,"  being  detached  blocks 
covering  the  sides  and  about  the  foot  of 
the  hills  of  which   it   forms  a  cap. 

Iron  in  Oaxaca 

Recent  commercial  explorations  have 
called  attention  to  the  iron-ore  deposits 
of  the  State  of  Oaxaca,  which  are  said  to 
be  important.  According  to  these  reports, 
the  iron  resources  of  this  State  amount 
to  many  m.illions  of  tons,  but  an  exact 
figure  as  to  available  iron  ore  from  this 
source  is  not  obtainable. 

Deposits  in  Central  Mexico 

The  iron  deposits  of  the  central  part 
of  tha  country  are  the  best  known,  for 
they  have  been  worked  for  a  long  time, 
although  on  a  small  scale.  In  reference 
to  these  it  may  be  said  that  the  reserves 
are  small  and  the  deposits  are  apparently 
limited  and  not  important  for  commercial 
exploitation  on  a  large  scale.  A  type 
of  these  deposits  referred  to  is  that  at 
Zimapan,  where  there  exists  a  contact  de- 
posit of  magnetite  between  monzonite  and 
lim.estone.  Although  this  is  situated  near 
the  City  of  Mexico  and  not  far  from 
railroads,  it  is  in  an  inaccessible  mountain 
region.  In  a  barranca  in  the  State  of 
Veracruz,  on  the  descent  of  the  Inter- 
Oceanic  railroad  to  Jalapa,  are  contact 
deposits  which  are  estimated  to  have 
developed  more  than  a  million  tons.  The 
d'fference  in  elevation  between  the  rail- 
road and  th.e  deposit  is  more  than  500  m., 
a  matter  of  considerable  importance  from 
the  economic  standpoint.  This  ore  is 
found  in  places  to  contain  sulphur  in 
small  quantities.  North  of  Tulanc'ngo,  in 
the  State  of  Hidalgo,  are  beds  of  limonite 
\v'nh  40  per  cent.  iron.  These  arc;  exposed 
pbout  100  m.  below  the  plateau  level, 
v^'ere  it  is  cut  by  the  barranca  of 
Vaquerias.  Explorations  have  not  yet 
b^en  made  to  determine  the  extent  or 
importance  of  these  deposits.  Other 
small  deposits  in  the  Central  States  of  the 
country  and  in  the  Central  Plateau  re- 
gion  are    found    at   Comanja,   Tula   and 


Providencia,  in  Jalisco,  where  are  foun- 
dries operated  on  a  small  scale  near  the 
deposits.  The^e  also  are  probably  limit- 
ed in  extent. 

Most  Important  Deposits  in  Northern 
Mexico 

In  the  present  state  of  knowledge  of 
t'.-e  iron  resources  of  Mexico,  it  must  be 
noted  that  the  important  iron  reserves  are 
found  in  the  north  and  northwestern  parts 
of  the  country.  These  deposits  are  also 
of  the  contact  type,  but  the  information 
I  have  of  the  region  is  unfortunately  in- 
complete, as,  only  now,  is  serious  and 
competent  study  of  the  deposits  being 
made.  The  abundant  occurrence  of  iron 
ore  in  the  northern  part  of  Mexico,  par- 
ticularly in  the  great  plateau-basin  coun- 
try, is  of  great  economic  importance,  for 
here  also  are  found  the  large  coalfields, 
and  the  topography  affords  conditions  for 
the  easv  constrrction  of  railroads.  The 
large  iron  and  steel  works  at  Monterey, 
the  only  one  which  is  at  the  present  time 
utilizing  the   Mexican   ores   to   any   large 


PARTL\L  A.NALY.-fE.S  OF  MEXIC.\.N 
IRON  ORE.?. 


Fe, 
Per 
Cent. 


S, 
Per 
Cent. 


P.  Mn. 

Per        Per 
Cent.     Cent. 


Pii-  (ie  Candela,  .  .  . 

CeiTo  Mercado  de 
Monelova 

Rio  Conchos,  Chi- 
huahua  

I.a.s  Truchas.  Mich- 
oacan   

Iron  .Mountaln,near 
.\g;uililla 

La  Piedra  Inian.  I 
.near  .\huijuUo,  | 
.Jalisco 

Ferreria  de  Coalco- 
man.  Michoacan . 

La  Leona,  near 
Chilpancingo, 
(Guerrero 

Lo.-J    Chapones,    Si- 
erra del  Mo.  Jal- 
"i-sco 

La  De.sconfianzo  Si- 
erra del  .\lo 


64  0 

0  21 

0-006 

6.') .  0 

0.19 

0 .  005 

6.i.9 

0  20 

0.0.52 

68. 0 

0.09 

0.06 

67.0 

0.01 

0.01 

60.2 

0.02 

O.OIS 

62.7 

0,02 

0.017 

58.0 

0.0.5 

0.015 

6.5.1 

0.02 

0.057 

67.0 

0.03 

0.024 

0.07 
0.14 
0.8 
0.02 


extent,  is  exploiting  two  group  of  contact 
deposits  in  the  State  of  Coahuila,  one  at 
the  Cerro  de  Mercado  de  Monclova  and 
the  other  near  the  high  peak  of  Candela. 
The  amount  of  iron  which  the  deposits 
may  furnish  has  been  estimated  at  sev- 
eral million  tons.  Although  the  avail- 
able tonnage  of  these  deposits  has  been 
exaggerated,  they  are  sufficient  to  meet 
the  requirements  of  the  Monterey  plant 
for  many  years.  Other  deposits  in 
Coahuila  are  also  available,  as  for  ex- 
ample in  the  region  of  Cuatro  Cienegas 
and  in  the  north  near  the  Rio  Grande, 
in  a  virgin  country,  in  the  region  of  the 
"lost"  sierras  and  in  the  great  deseit 
plains  are  other  deposits  more  or  less 
definitely  known. 

In  the  States  of  Sonora  and  Chihuahua 
are  iron  deposits  which  promise  important 
results  upon  exploitation  and  develop- 
ment. It  is  said  in  the  district  of  Camar- 
go  in  Chihuahua  the  deposits  exceed 
30,000,000  tons.  Th-se  figures,  however, 
are  not  as  yet  competently  verified.   There 


is  no  doubt  that  in  the  region  between 
Jaco  and  Santa  Rosalia  and  Presidio  del 
Norte  occur  some  of  the  largest  deposits 
in  the  State,  and  deposits  of  possible 
future  economic  importance  to  the  coun- 
try. 

Character  of  the  Ore 

In  most  of  the  deposits  which  we  have 
noted,  the  ore  is  oxidized.  It  is  usually 
a  mixture  of  magnetite  and  hematite,  the 
former  predominating.  Although  the  ore 
is  massive  and  high  in  iron,  it  is  ac- 
companied, particularly  near  the  walls 
of  the  deposit,  by  various  characteristic 
metamorphic  minerals,  such  as  wollaston- 
ite,  garnet,  epidote,  crystalline,  limestone 
and  quartz.  The  accompanying  analyses 
from  average  samples  give  an  idea  of 
the  character  of  the  iron  in  several  Mex- 
ican deposits. 

Many  Deposits  Inaccessible 

Many  of  the  iron  deposits  of  Mexico 
are  at  the  present  time  unavailable  be- 
cause of  their  distance  from  coal,  of  their 
situation  in  inaccessible  mountainous  re- 
gions. The  deposits  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  country  are  best  favored  in  regards 
to  both  transportation  and  availability  of 
fuel.  As  to  the  deposits  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  they  lack  available  seaports  or 
short  routes  to  the  interior  of  the  country. 
Two  conditions  may  favor  the  exploitation 
of  these  deposits;  first,  the  possible  dis- 
covery of  important  coal  beds  near  the 
Coast,  which  is  not  unlikely,  or  the  active 
exportation  of  the  crude  ore,  either  to  the 
United  States  for  consumption  at 
Pacific  Coast  ports,  or  to  the  Orient.  The 
possibility  of  export  has  been  investi- 
gated, with  favorable  results.  Recently 
it  is  said  that  a  contract  has  been  let 
for  the  exportation  to  Japan  of  nearly 
half  a  million  tons  of  iron  ore  from  an 
important  deposit  near  Magdalena  bay,  in 
Baja  California. 

Estimate  of  Reserves 

By  reason  of  the  incomplete  knowledge 
of  the  extent,  number  and  character  of 
the  iron  deposits  of  Mexico,  and  the  fact 
that  the  country  is  not  well  explored,  it 
is  impossible  to  make  any  definite  esti- 
mate of  the  country's  iron-ore  reserves. 
However,  my  own  calculations,  based  on 
the  best  data  available,  place  the  reason- 
ably certain  reserve  at  between  .SO.OOO,- 
000  and  90,000,000  tons.  It  is  under- 
stood that  these  figures  refer  only  to  de- 
posits now  known,  and  those  which,  by 
their  extent,  may  be  considered  as  avail- 
able in  the  near  future.  While  these  fig 
ures  may  seem  "low,  yet  the  quantity  \- 
sufficient  to  supply  the  needs  of  the  coun- 
try for  many  years.  The  annual  con- 
sumption of  'Ton  and  steel  in  Mexico  does 
not  exceed  250.000  tons  for  all  purposes 
and  if  this  consumption  were  doubled 
which  it  may  be  in  a  few  years,  the  coun 
try  would  still  be  able  to  supply  itsel 
for  a  hundred  years. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


667 


Electrical  Smelting  of   Iron 

With  the  improvement  in  the  metal- 
lurgy of  iron  we  may  hope  to  see  new 
features  developed  in  the  Mexican  iron- 
ore  situation,  particularly  with  reference 
to  the  electrical  smelting  of  iron.  Mex- 
''  ico  is  marvellously  well  adapted  for  this 
process,  because  it  will  enable  the  com- 
mercial treatment  of  iron-ore  deposits  of 
small  extent,  many  of  which  are  situated 
in  mountainous  districts  where  cheap  hy- 
draulic power  can  be  developed.  The 
possibilities  from  the  development  of 
electrical  smelting  of  iron  are  truly  very 
great. 

Ample  Coal  Reserves 

The  exploration  for  coal  in  Mexico  is 
as  active  as  the  investigation  for  iron, 
and  if  we  may  look  for  an  early  doubling 
of  iron-ore  reserves,  it  is  necessary  to 
hope  at  the  same  time  that  they  will  be 
distributed  in  available  portions  of  the 
country.  We  can  at  present  count  upon 
coal  reserves  in  Mexico  of  five  times  as 
great  as  the  iron  reserves. 


The  Coke  Industry  of  Mexico 


SPECiAL  Correspondence 

The  Mexican  Coke  Industry  in  the  Sa- 
binas  Coalfield  of  Coahuila  is  rapidly  in- 
creasing. The  largest  producer  is  the 
Compania  Carbonifera,  the  mines  and 
ovens  of  which  are  situated  in  and 
around  the  towns  of  Agujita  and  Lam- 
pacitos  respectively.  There  are  three  large 
mines  at  Agujita  and  400  coke  ovens; 
these  mines  produce  about  40,000  tons  of 
coal  per  month.  The  Lampacitos  plant  of 
three  mines  and  69  ovens,  produces  be- 
tween 4000  and  .SOOO  tons  of  coal  month- 
ly and  makes  1700  tons  of  coke, 

Mexican  Mines  Gaseous 
The  Lampacitos  plant  is  a  new  enter- 
prise, and  a  good  one  and  both  the  out- 
put of  coal  and  coke  will  rapidly  increase 
in  the  near  future.  The  next  largest 
company  in  this  field  in  the  output  of  coke 
is  the  Mexican  Coal  and  Coke  Company, 
which  has  226  ovens  in  operation.     This 


with  each  other,  and  with  the  outside  air. 
This  coking  arrangement  has  been  pat- 
ented by  the  American  coke  expert  in 
charge  of  the  ovens  at  the  Agujita  coking 
plant,  and  is  a  reliable  idea. 


Free  Baths  at  Pachuca 

The  American  colony  of  Pachuca  de- 
cided to  abandon  entirely  the  Centennial 
celebrations  which  were  originally  plan- 
ned, and  instead  to  install  and  provide 
for  the  permanent  maintenance  of  a  pub- 
public  bath  house  for  the  working  classes 
of  Pachuca.  For  this  purpose, ahousebe- 
longing  to  the  Real  del  Monte  company 
has  been  donated  by  that  company  rent 
free,  and  workmen  are  engaged  in  tearing 
out  the  interior  and  installing  piping,  etc., 
for  the  baths.  Twelve  shower  baths  will 
be  provided  with  three  tubs  and  a  large 
masonry  plunge,  all  with  hot  and  cold 
water  and  general  conveniences.  The 
building  is  near  the  Loreto  hacienda  and 
the  mouth  of  the  Girault  tunnel. 
The  expense  of  the  operations  and  equip- 


New  Shaft  at  the  Lampacitos  Mine 


Pay-day  at  the  Agujita  Mines 


Recording    Titles  in   Mexico 

The  Mexican  mining  law  of  June  4, 
1892,  repealed  by  the  present  law,  made 
it  optional  with  individuals  to  record  or 
not  record  their  mine  patents,  and  ob- 
ligatory on  the  companies  to  do  so.  The 
patent  was  the  only  instrument  accepted 
by  this  provision.  The  provision  itself 
was  diametrically  contrary  to  the  pro- 
vision of  the  federal  civil  code  and  the 
civil  codes  of  the  States,  which  required 
that  all  documents  affecting  real  property 
or  rights  real  constituted  upon  them 
-■hnuld  be  recorded.    The  new  mining  law 

inply  removes  this  anomaly,  and  re- 
quires that  these  documents  shall  all  be 
recorded,  whether  they  be  in  the  name  of 
an  individual  or  a  corporation. 


The  now  idle  mines  at  Guadlacazar  in 
the  State  of  Luis  Potosi  have  an  official 
production  record  of  more  than  100.000,- 
000  pesos  of  silver,  gold  and  quicksilver. 
One  mine,  the  Prnmontorio,  produced  in 
a  few  years  more  than  27,000,000  pesos 
from  above  188  meters. 


is  the  oldest  producer  of  coke  in  the  field, 
having  been  making  coke  for  eight  years; 
the  Hondo  mine,  now  abandoned,  was  the 
pioneer  company  in  this  district  and  op- 
erated the  mine  for  20  years.  Its  first  min- 
ers were  Americans,  but  they  were  soon 
replaced  by  native  Mexicans,  and  now 
there  is  not  an  American  coal  miner  in 
the  Republic.  Some  of  the  mine  bosses 
and  one  of  the  superintendents,  as  well 
as  most  of  the  managers,  are  American 
mining  engineers,  who  were  educated  and 
trained  in  the  mining  colleges  of  the 
United  States.  They  have  hard  proposi- 
tions to  meet  and  overcome.  Firedamp, 
that  terrible  scourge  of  coal  miners, 
which  the  priests  of  Germany  in  a  remote 
age  tried  in  vain  to  combat  with  religious 
exercises  and  pious  frauds,  and  which 
still  baffles  the  skill  and  judgment  of  this 
enlightened  age,  has  been  met  in  practi- 
cally every  coal  mine  in  the  Sabinas  field; 
several  recent  explosions  have  produced 
terrible  consequences. 

The  coke  ovens  in  the  Sabinas  field  are 
of  the  beehive  pattern;  they  are  made  7 
ft.  3  in.  high,  and  12  ft.  in  diameter.  The 
flues  from   adjacent    ovens   communicate 


ment  is  being  borne  by  several  of  the 
American  companies  jointly,  together 
with  some  private  subscriptions. 


Mexican  Law  on  Monuments 

The  new  mining  law  for  Mexico  pro- 
vides in  placing  monuments  the  following 
requirements   shall   be   observed: 

"1.  They  shall  not  be  changed  in 
position  so  long  as  the  properties 
they  delimit  are  not  modified.  They 
shall  be  solidly  constructed  and  shall 
always  be  kept  in  good  condition. 

"2.  They  shall  be  located  in  conven- 
ient places  and  in  such  number  as  may 
be  necessary  to  enable  the  preceding  and 
following  monument  to  be  seen  from  one 
of  them;  and  by  their  dimensions,  form, 
color  or  some  other  feature,  they  shall  be 
distinguishable  from  the  monuments  of 
adoining  mining  properties." 

The  foregoing  comprises  the  provisions 
concerning  monuments  in  the  existing 
mining  law  of  Nov.  25,  1909,  and  the 
regulations  of  the  same,  both  effective 
.Ian.  1.  1910. 


668 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Coal  and  Iron  Explorations  in  Oaxaca 

Extensive  Explorations  in  the  Mixteca   District  Reported  to  Have  Dis- 
closed Commercial    Deposits    of    Coal    and    Iron.      Railroad  Planned 

b"y      J.      L.      W^       B  I  R  K  1  N  B  I  N  E* 


The  coal  deposits  in  the  Mixteca  reg- 
ion, of  Oaxaca,  Mexico,  must  have  been 
known  for  more  than  half  a  century. 
There  is  an  old  drawing,  bearing  the 
title,  "Croquis  de  la  Area  Carbonifera  de 
Tlaxiaco  Descurbierta  por  Jose  Vincente 
Comacho  en  1850."  ("Sketch  of  the 
Tlaxiaco  Carboniferous  Area  Discovered 
by  Jose  Vincente  Comacho  in  1850"'), 
upon  which  are  shown  several  drifts  and 
outcrops;  but  no  work,  except  a  few 
short  drifts  scattered  over  a  large  area, 
and  a  trench  near  Mina  Consuelo,  had 
been  done  in  the  region  prior  to   1907. 

The  first  geological  study  of  the  Mix- 
teca region,  of  which  records  can  be 
found,  was  made  by  Santiago  Ramirez, 
who  examined,  in  1881,  some  coal  out- 
crops near  the  boundary  between  Oaxaca 
and  Puebla.  In  the  same  decade,  Messrs. 
Felix  and  Linke  made  geological  studies 
in  the  vicinity  of  Tlaxiaco,  and  in  1887-88 
Jose  G.  Aguilera,  now  director  of  the 
Mexican  Geological  Institute,  examined 
the  vicinity  of  Tezoatlan  and  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  State  of  Oaxaca.  The 
activity  of  the  Oaxaca  Iron  and  Coal 
Company  attracted  to  this  undeveloped 
field  the  interest  of  the  Geological  In- 
stitute which,  in  the  fall  of  1908,  sent  an 
engineer  to  visit  the  Mixteca  region.  He 
collected  for  the  institute  considerable 
geological  data  and  numerous  fossils, 
and  examined  some  coal  outcrops,  which, 
however,  he  regarded  as  possessing  no 
importance,  since  he  was  able  to  find 
but  few  samples  that  carried  less  than 
18  per  cent,  of  ash,  which  he  considered 
to  be  a  maximum  for  useful  coal.  In  the 
spring  of  1909,  the  Director  accompanied 
me  in  an  inspection  to  some  of  the  de- 
posits; and  later  commissioned  another 
party,  composed  of  Prof.  G.  R.  Wieland 
and  Inginiero  Bonilla,  to  visit  the  Mix- 
teca region.  They  spent  several  months 
in  the  field,  but  the  work  of  these  geol- 
ogical parties  was  directed  rather  to  the 
correlation  of  the  various  strata,  to  petro- 
giaphical  determinations,  and  to  the  col- 
lection of  fossils,  than  to  economic  geol- 
ogy. 

Geology  of  Western  Oaxaca 

In  the  territory  under  discussion  the 
general  geology  may  be  described  as  fol- 
lows: The  lowest  formation  is  the  Ar- 
chaic, consisting  of  gneiss,  mica  schists, 
and  mica  slates.  On  this  are  superposed 
small    areas   of    Jura-trias,    while    over 

•ICnginpor.  Odd  Fellows  Tomplo.  I'lillndol- 
phla,     I'pnn. 

Niptk — Rxoeipts  from  a  papor  In  Hull.  A.  1. 
M.    !•;..    Sept.,    1910. 


Map  OF  THE  Mixteca  Country, States  of  Oaxaca  and  Puebla,  Mexico,  Showing 
Coal  Basins,  Iron-ore  Deposits  and  Existing  and  Proposed  Railroads 


larger  areas  appears  the  Cretaceous 
formation.  The  Pre-cretaceous  Mesozoic 
rocks  generally  consist  of  shales  (vary- 
ing greatly  in  composition),  coarse  and 
fine  sandstones,  and  conglomerates,  also 
some  quartzites.  The  Cretaceous  is  rep- 
resented mostly  by  massive  limestone,  al- 
though in  some  parts  slates  and  calcare- 


ous sandstones  are  found.  Above  the 
Mesozoic  formations  occur  in  some  places 
the  Tertiary  red  sandstones  and  conglom- 
erates, and  in  other  places  caliche,  which 
is  either  of  Tertiary  or  Quartenary  age. 

Throughout  these  various  formations, 
although  more  predominant  near  the 
junction    of   the    Archaic   and    the    upper 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


669 


sedimentary  recks,  large  areas  are 
covered  by  Tertiary  infrusives  (andesites, 
basalts,  rhyolites,  etc.  I,  while  in  some  lo- 
calities lava  flows  and  masses  of  obsidian 
are  found.  The  Mesozoic  formations  of 
the  region  are  extremely  interesting  to 
palaeontologists,  on  account  of  the  large 
number  of  fossils  which  they  contain.  The 
Jura-triassic  carries  a  great  variety  of 
niollusca  and  plant  forms.     The  mollusca 


The  various  formations  of  the  Pre-cre- 
taceous  Mesozoic  have  not  been  corre- 
lated, being  grouped  under  a  general 
term  as  Jura-trias;  but  the  thick  Cre- 
taceous limestone  is  sufficient  as  a  geo- 
logical horizon  for  field  purposes;  and  an 
intermediate  horizon  has  been  used,  con- 
sisting of.  layers  of  black  oyster  shells, 
and  called  by  the  members  of  the  corps 
"the  black-shell  rock." 


SYMBOLS 
Coal  Outcrops 
Dip  and  Striko 
Streams 

TriangTilatSon  RyKtrin 
Tinvns 


LEGEND 
I   ?   I  Unidentilled  Rook 

Limestones 
Cretaceous 
Sand  and  Limo 

Sliaies 
Upper  Coal- 
Bearing  Sliales 
Siuidstones  and 
Conffloineraleu 
Lower  Coal- 
BearlnK  Sljoles 

r^^  SclilstsArchalo 
i"-'--l  Intrusive  Rock 


;^N' 


k^ 


M 


0    a    1  1         3         ^  Km. 

6    '  jif  '    1  I  MllM 

SECTION   ON   LINE   M-N 


T^ 


Geoloc;cal  Map  and  Sections,  Vicinity  of  Mina  Consuelo,  Oaxaca,  Mexico 


include  several  forms  of  trigonia  and 
stefonigero ;  while  among  the  plant-forms 
cycads  are  predominant,  although  there  is 
beyond  doubt  a  great  variety  of  other 
forms.  Professor  Wieland,  in  his  paper 
entitled  "The  Williamsonias  of  the  Mix- 
teca  Alta,"  says:  "I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
the  Mixteca  Alta  is  one  of  the  most  prom- 
ising and  accessible  regions  for  the  stu- 
1  dent  of  fossil  plants  yet  discovered'." 


PflRP 


'Thr  notnnicin  Clinittc,  Vol.  Xl.VllI,  Xo.  G, 
tgf  427,  ct.  .si'ii. 


Section  of  Tezoatlan  Coalfield 
The  Tezoatlan  coalfield  has  been  more 
closely  examined  than  any  of  the  others, 
and  the  following  section  of  it  may  be  re- 
garded as  typical:  Cretaceous  lime- 
stones, massive  and  of  great  thickness; 
calcareous  and  arenaceous  shales,  includ- 
ing the  "black-shell  rock,"  about  500  ft.; 
upper  coal-bearing  shale,  110  ft.;  sand- 
stones and  conglomerates,  800  ft.;  lower 
coal-bearing  shales,  at  least  800  ft.;  in- 
trusive or  Archaic  rocks. 


The  upper  coal-bearing  shales  have  not 
been  examined,  except  superficially,  since 
the  lower  shales  appeared  to  have 
greater  value.  Several  sections  have  been 
rrade  of  various  portions  of  the  lower 
coal-bearing  shales,  which  vary  in  thick- 
ness according  to  where  they  are  cut  off 
by  the  intrusive  rock. 

A  section  shows  a  total  of  83  ft.  2  in. 
of  coal,  in  which  15  scams  over  2  ft.  in 
thickness  aggregate  72  ft.  8  in.,  and  9  of 
these,  exceeding  3  ft.,  give  an  aggregate 
thickness  of  64  ft.  8  inches. 

The  intrusive  rocks  cut  these  forma- 
tions at  various  points,  but,  in  the  coal- 
fields proper,  the  nearest  they  come 
to  the  coal  seams  is  (excepting  one  or 
two  places)  about  100  ft.  below  a  coal 
seam  about  77  ft.  from  the  bottom  of  the 
section. 

The  formations  are  faulted  and  folded, 
but  not  as  much  as  would  be  expected. 
The  dip  is  generally  between  30  deg.  and 
50  deg.  west  at  Mina  Consuelo,  and  the 
same  amount  to  the  east  at  the  opposite 
side  of  the  basin.  In  places,  the  coal  lies 
horizontal  in  small  areas,  while  the 
faults,  with  the  exception  of  quite  a  large 
one  on  practically  the  axis  of  the  cynclin- 
al  (where  there  has  been  a  displacement 
of  nearly  1000  ft.),  are  unusually  small, 
although  numerous.  Three  faults  have 
been  found,  of  200,  120  and  55  ft.  dis- 
placement, respectively,  while  there  are 
many  others  which  vary  from  a  few 
tenths  of  an  inch  to  a  foot  or  more.  The 
general  strike  in  the  vicinity  of  Consuelo 
is  north  to  south  but  in  approaching  the 
town  of  San  .luan  Diquillu  it  swings 
around  to  east  to  west. 

Coalfields  and  Character  of  Coal 

The  field  headquarters  were  situated  in 
TIaxiaco,  and  the  relative  situation  of  the 
various  fields  will  be  referred  to  this 
place. 

In  the  Penasco  field,  10  miles  southeast 
of  TIaxiaco,  a  high-grade  coal  in  small 
deposits  was  found  by  an  exploring 
party.  A  sample  of  the  Junuzma  mine 
gave,  upon  analysis,  moisture,  9.45;  vola- 
tile matter,  28.85;  fixed  carbon,  60.45; 
and  ash,  4.25  per  cent. 

The  Tepejilla  field,  about  20  miles 
northwest  of  TIaxiaco,  covers  a  small 
area;  and  the  coal  found  there  is  high  in 
ash  and  apparently  small  in  quantity. 

The  Juxtlahuaca  field  includes  outcrops 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  towns  of  Juxtla- 
huaca and  Silacayoapani,  where  prelimin- 
ary investigation  showed  the  coal  to  be 
noncoking  and  high  in  ash. 

The  Tecomatlan  field,  embracing  the 
outcrops  in  the  vicinity  of  Tecomatlan,  in 
the  State  of  Puebla,  and  Santa  Ana 
Rayon.  Oaxaca,  is  75  miles  northwest  of 
TIaxiaco.  The  coal  here  is  soft  and  pul- 
verulent. 

The  TIaxiaco  field,  the  Mixtepec  field, 
12  miles  west  of  TIaxiaco,  and  the 
Tezoatlan  field,  25  to  30  miles  northwest 


670 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


of  Tlaxaico,  are  those  in  which  most 
development  has  been  done,  and  will  be 
described  in  detail  under  separate  head- 
ings. 

In  addition  to  the  above  localities,  coal 
is  reported  as  occurring  in  four  or  five 
other  places;  but  samples  showed  it  to  be 
of  inferior  quality. 

Tlaxiaco  Field 

The  Tla.xiaco  fit'id  was  subdivided  into 
three  tracts,  the  Villaverde,  the  Stein  and 
the  Rio  Tlaxiaco.  The  work  done  upon 
the  Villaverde  and  Stein  tracts  consisted 
in  mapping  and  uncovering  some  14  out- 
crops and  securing  samples,  which  show 
the  coal  to  vary  greatly  in  composition, 
much  of  it  appearing  to  be  too  poor  for 
commercial  use.  Analysis  from  one  of 
these  coals  gave  the  following  results: 
Moisture,  2.07  per  cent.;  volatile  matter, 
16.77;  fixed  carbon,  52.69;  ash,  28.47  per 
cent. 

The  work  on  the  Rio  Tlaxiaco  tract  con- 
sisted of  eight  drifts,  which  had  a  total 
length  of  900  ft.,  including  crosscuts,  and 
exposed  seams  varying  from  10  in.  to  6 
ft.  in  thickness.  Most  of  these 
seams  are  very  dirty  and  show  the  effects 
of  considerable  faulting,  the  seams  con- 
sisting of  flakes  of  coal  and  and  slate 
Analyses  of  some  of  the  better  seams 
run  from  42.1  to  53  per  cent,  in  fixed  car- 
bon and  from  15.1  to  19.2  per  cent,  in 
volatile  matter. 

Better  Coal  in  the  Mi.xtepec  Field 

Upon  the  discovery  of  better  coal  at 
Mixtepec,  the  work  was  transferred  to 
this  locality  and  a  large  number  of  drifts 
were  driven,  the  longest  being  over  1100 
ft.,  which  showed  that  the  seam  was  25 
ft.  thick  and  extended  over  a  large  area. 
Numerous  samples  were  taken,  an  aver- 
age of  the  seam  showing:  Moisture,  1.3 
per  cent.;  volatile  matter,  16.2;  fixed  car- 
bon, 67.5;  ash,  13.0  per  cent. 

Besides  this  seam,  known  as  the  Esper- 
anza,  there  are  three  others,  designated 
as  Fabrica,  Soledad  and  Southern.  The 
Fabrica  seam,  6  ft.  thick,  gave:  Moisture, 
1.24;  volatile  matter;  16.21;  fixed  carbon, 
60.23;  ash,  22.32  per  cent. 

The  Soledad  seam,  5  ft.  thick,  showed: 
Moisture,  1.06;  volatile  matter,  14.03; 
fixed  carbon,  66.69;  ash,   16.22  per  cent. 

The  Southern  seam,  3  ft.  thick,  appears 
to  be  rather  a  lignite  than  a  true  coal, 
and  is  about  four  miles  from  the  .M-x- 
tepec  field  proper. 

All  of  the  above  analyses  represent  the 
"run-of-mine,"  the  large  pieces  of  slate 
only  being  removed.  As  the  Mixtepec 
coal  is  soft,  some  crude  tests  showed 
that  the  ash  could  be  reduced  to  one- 
half  the  original  content  by  sizing  on  re- 
volving screens,  while  washing  or  jiggling 
would  make  a  still  greater  reduction. 

As  the  percentages  of  ash  appeared 
high,  two  samples  were  taken  and  tested 
in  a  calorimeter  to  determine  their  fuel 
value.      The    dirty    coal,    carrying    29.38 


Or. 
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S    OCOOCCOTJO 


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Geological  Section,  near  Mina  Consuelo,  at  Right  Ancles  to  Strike 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


671 


per  cent,  of  ash,  yielded  11,400  B.t.u., 
while  a  clean  picked  sample,  containing 
3.85  per  cent,  of  ash,  gave  15,900  B.t.u. 
As  the  evidence  of  the  value  of  the 
coalfields  appeared  to  increase  greatly 
upon  examination,  it  was  decided  to  pur- 
chase a  diamond  drill;  and,  the  nearest 
point  of  the  railroad  being  the  Tezoatlan 
field,  the  drill  was  sent  there.  Later  a 
second  drill  was  erected  at  the  same 
place,  and  the  entire  force  was  moved  to 
Mina    Consuelo. 

Tezoatlan  Field 

For  18  months  all  the  development 
of  the  company  has  been  confined  to  the 
Tezoatlan  field,  and  here  the  work  has 
reached  its  highest  development,  although 
still  in  progress.  Thirty-five  drifts  have 
been  driven  into  the  coal  in  order  to  show 
the  continuity  of  the  coal  seams  along 
the  outcrop,  while  seven  diamond-drill 
holes  and  a  shaft  have  been  sunk  to  de- 
termine its  extent  in  depth.  More  than 
71  sq.mi.  have  been  covered  by  a  geolog- 
ical survey;  and  the  data  thus  collected 
have  been  mapped,  while  detailed  geolog- 
ical and  topographical  surveys  have  been 
completed  on  350  acres,  and  are  now  in 
progress  on   1000  additional  acres. 

As  shown  in  the  geological  section, 
the  coal  seams  3  ft.  or  more  thick  in 
this  locality  have  a  total  true  thickness 
of  64  ft.  2  in.,  although  in  part  of  the 
field  the  intrusive  rocks  have  cut  out  the 
lower  29  ft.  2  in.  of  the  seams,  leaving 
available  35  ft.  of  coal.  As  the  average 
dip  is  30  deg.  or  more,  these  true  thick- 
nesses will  be  equivalent  to  vertical 
thicknesses  of  74  and  42  ft.,  respective- 
ly, and  would  yield,  according  to  the  rule 
of  thumb  (that  1  ft. vertical thicknessgives 
a  yield  of  1200  tons  of  coal  per  acre), 
88,800  and  50,400  tons  per  acre,  respec- 
tively. The  upper  35  ft.  of  coal  has  been 
traced  over  an  area  of  3000  acres,  while 
the  total  thickness  of  64  ft.  has  been 
traced  for  a  distance  of  1.25  miles, 
though  the  work  has  not  yet  reached  a 
stage  permitting  the  determination  of  the 
area  underlain  by  the  total  thickness  of 
seams. 

Tezoatlan  Coal  Classed  As  Anthracite 

The  coal  may  be  called  an  anthracite, 
being  hard  and  dense,  and  burning  with- 
out smoke,  a  typical  analysis  showing: 
Moisture,  I;  volatile  matter,  5.5;  fixed 
carbon,  73.5;  ash.  20;  sulphur,  0.06  per 
cent.,  11,500  B.t.u. 
This  analysis  represents  the  coa  when 
i-d  and  picked;  the  "run-of-mine," 
unpicked,  carrying  about  25  per  cent,  of 
nsh. 

'  he  Tezoatlan  coalfield  is  a  large  basin, 
^Aiending  in  a  general  north  to  south 
jdirection,  the  distance  between  the  east- 
ern and  western  outcrops  being,  near  the 
southern  end,  about  2  miles,  while,  on 
the  north,  the  western  outcrop  is  hidden 


by  the  Cretaceous  limestones,  which  are 
unconformable  to  the  lower  strata. 

An  interesting  feature  in  this  coalfield 
is  that  the  intrusive  rocks,  which  are  con- 
sidered to  be  Tertiary,  have  had  practic- 
ally no  effect  on  the  coals.  In  some 
places,  coal  seams  are  found  occurring 
with  surprising  uniformity  within  20  ft. 
of  the  intrusive  rocks.  The  formations 
of  the  various  strata  in  this  vicinity  are 
extremely  interesting;  and  the  rapid  al- 
teration of  the  strata  (consisting  of  coal, 
shale,  fine  and  coarse  sandstones)  shows 
that  there  was  a  constant  variation  of  the 
depth   of  water  during  deposition. 

Iron  Ore  Deposits 

Although  the  preliminary  reconnois- 
sance  in  1906  had  for  its  object  the  in- 
vestigation of  certain  deposits  of  iron  ore, 
with  the  idea  of  utilizing  them  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron,  using  either  char- 
coal or  imported  coke  as  fuel,  the  coal 
deposits  appeared  to  be  of  more  im- 
mediate value  than  those  of  iron  ore; 
and  therefore  nearly  all  the  work  has 
been   done  on  the   fuel  deposits. 

The  iron  ores  in  the  State  of  Oaxaca 
are  of  high  grade.  Thirty-three  samples, 
taken  from  within  an  area  of  4  sq.mi 
and  tested  in  the  field  laboratory,  showed 
an  average  of  60.87  per  cent,  of  metallic 
iron.  George  C.  Davis,  chemist,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, made  an  analysis  of  a  sample, 
closely  representing  the  average  of  the 
Cahuacua  ore,  which  showed  Fe,  65.86; 
S,  0.06;  and  P,  0.03  per  cent.  The  phos- 
phorus and  sulphur  are  low  in  all  the  iron 
ores  of  this  district,  and  in  the  deposit 
which  has  been  most  largely  developed 
there  are  indications  of  large  quantities 
of  high-grade  bessemer  ore.  Samples 
from  a  deposit  at  EI  Carnero  averaged  66 
per  cent,  of  metallic  iron,  and  Mr.  Davis 
made  an  analysis  of  a  hand  sample,  with 
the  result:  Fe,  63.20;  SiO:,  8.25;  P, 
0.024;  and  S,  0.03  per  cent.  In  the  local- 
ity known  as  La  Ferreria,  the  average 
iron  content  of  the  ore,  as  determined  in 
the  company's  laboratory,  was  66.02  per 
cent.;  and  an  analysis  by  Mr.  Davis  from 
a  different  sample  showed  Fe,  68.93; 
SiO:.,  2.80;  P,  0.026  per  cent.  In  the  vi- 
cinity of  Tlaxiaco  iron  ores  were  found 
containing  Fe,  51.71  ;  SiO;,  4.61;  P,  0.026 
per  cent.  Some  iron-ore  deposits  exam- 
ined in  the  State  of  Puebla  gave  Fe,  42.40 
to  67;  SiO,.  1.30  to  15;  CaO,  trace  to 
8.80;  P,  0.004  to  0.051;  and  S,  0.01  to 
0.15  per  cent. 

These  analyses  are  offered  to  show  that 
ores  are  collected  from  deposits  scattered 
over  a  large  area  are  rich  in  iron  and 
low  in  sulphur  and  phosphorus.  A  few 
months'  work  at  the  Cahuacua  deposit 
disclosed  about  4,000,000  tons  of  iron 
ore.  El  Carnero  ore  is  mainly  magne- 
tite; that  of  Cahuacua,  mixed  magnetite 
and  hematite;  that  of  La  Ferreria,  hema- 
tite and  limonite;  and  that  near  Tlaxiaco, 
limonite.  In  the  State  of  Puebla,  the  iron 
ores  are  limonite  and  magnetite. 


Transportation 

Coal  and  iron  ore  having  been  found 
in  sufficient  quantity  to  warrant  the  con- 
struction of  railroad  communications, 
reconnoissances  of  several  railroad 
routes  have  been  made.  Notwithstanding 
the  mountainous  country  traversed,  prac- 
tical routes  were  found,  which  would 
connect  the  present  railway  system  of 
Mexico  with  the  coal  and  iron-ore  de- 
posits of  Oaxaca,  and  might  be  extended 
to  the  Pacific  coast;  the  estimated  con- 
struction cost  being  moderate  for  the 
character  of  the  territory  traversed. 


The  Mexican  Oilfields 

The  oil  lands  in  Mexico  extend  from 
the  hacienda  of  San  Jose  de  las  Ruinas, 
in  central  Tamaulipas,  to  the  district  of 
Valles,  in  San  Luis  Potosi  (where  the 
Ebano  oil  deposits  are  being  worked), 
through  the  counties  of  Usuluama,  Tux- 
pan  and  Panantla,  in  the  State  of  Vera- 
cruz. Farther  to  the  south  is  a  region 
which  embraces  the  Veracruz  counties 
of  Acayucan  and  Minatitlan,  and  extends 
southward  through  the  States  of  Tabasco, 
Campeche  and  Chiapas.  Petroleum  has 
also  been  found  in  small  quantities  in  the 
Federal  district,  in  the  States  of  Jalisco 
and  Oaxaca,  and  at  other  points  along 
the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec.  Some  re- 
cent discoveries  in  the  States  of  Chi- 
huahua and  Coahuila  show  the  existence 
of  paraffin  oil  in  that  district. 

The  Mexican  oilfields,  which  cover  an 
area  of  over  800  square  miles,  increased 
their  output  in  1908,  as  against  that  of 
1907,  by  more  than  500  per  cent.,  and 
the  production  for  the  year  1909  wSs  still 
further  increased,  aggregating  more  than 
3,000,000  barrels. 


Igneous  Rocks  of  Pachuca 

The  Sierra  de  Pachuca  is  formed  of 
eruptive  Tertiary  rocks,  the  three  princi- 
pal of  which  are  in  the  order  of  their  age. 
andesite,  rhyolites  and  basalts,  each  occu- 
pying comparatively  different  areas.  The 
andesites  cover  the  largest  and  in  this 
rock  are  found  the  mineral  veins  of  the 
districts  of  Pachuca.  the  Real  del  Monte, 
El  Chico,  Santa  Rosa,  Capula  and  Tepe- 
neme.  The  rhyolites  are  found  most 
abundantly  in  the  extreme  southeast,  and 
also  in  the  loftier  portion  of  the  range 
near  Real  del  Monte  and  in  the  western 
slopes  between  Pachuca  and  the  Sab- 
anilla.  The  basalts  are  found  only  in 
ruptures  in  certain  of  the  loftiest  hights, 
running  down  in  basalt  streams  on  the 
eastern  slope. 


H.  T.  Payne,  president  of  the  Com- 
pania  los  Tres  Metales,  of  Anieca,  Jalisco. 
Mexico,  reports  that  ore  containing  nickel 
and  cobalt  has  been  discovered  in  the 
Ameca  district. 


672 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Mineral  Resources  of  the  State  of  Guerrero 


Important  Operations    Under    Way   in  This  Section  of   Mexico.      Lack 
of  Transportation  a  Drawback;  Railroad  Plans;  Navigation  on  the  Balsas 

B~"y        WILLIAM        N    I    V  E  N* 


I 


Whether  or  not  thj  Aztecs,  as  has  often 
been  declared,  obtcincd  their  golden 
treasures  from  the  State  of  Guerrero, 
Mexico,  there  is  abundance  evidence  that 
this  great  unexplored  region  is  destined 
to  become  one  of  the  most  important 
gold  producers  of  the  Republic. 

Notwithstanding  the  almost  total  lack 
of  adequate  transportation  facilities,  a 
few  localities  adjacent  to  the  Balsas  river 
have  yielded  millions  of  dollars  of  gold, 
during  the  last  10  or  12  years. 

Placeres    del    Oro    District 

One  of  these  rich  sections  is  the 
Placeres  del  Oro  district,  in  the  munici- 
pality of  Coyuca  de  Catalan,  about  230 
km.  southwest  of  Balsas  station,  the  pres- 
ent terminus  of  the  Cuernavaca  division 
of  the    National    Lines   of   Mexico.     The 


been  shipped  to  ore  buyers  in  Mexico 
City.  This  vein,  like  the  others  in  this 
district,  occurs  in  a  formation  of  black 
slate,  and  the  deepest  working  is  not 
much  over  100  ft.  from  the  surface, 
where  water  was  struck.  For  some  years 
little  mining  has  been  done,  except  by 
huscnncs  (Indian  prospectors),  who  oc- 
casionally work  on  shares,  gophering  out 
the  rich  streaks  and  pillars  at  the  risk  of 
their  lives.  A  vast  amount  of  money  has 
been  spent  in  the  development  of  the 
other  mines  belonging  to  this  company, 
covering  over  800  pertenencias. 

The  Patambo  Mining  Company  has  a 
large  amount  of  low-grade  gold  ore  in 
sight  and  a  favorable  report  has  just  been 
completed  by  C.  C.  Bancroft,  who  has 
recommended  a  40-ton  amalgamation  and 
concentration  plant  to  treat  the  ore,  while 


of  the  properties,  the  Presidente  and  Rio 
del  Oro,  the  former  having  over  300,000 
pesos  of  ore  in  sight,  cover  completely 
the  extensions  and  dip  of  the  Pinzan  mine. 
The  Elnita  mine  of  this  company  has  a 
large  tonnage  of  18-gram  gold  ore 
blocked  out  and  the  Garduno  Nuevo,  an 
extension  of  the  Garduno  mine,  is  also  a 
low-grade  gold  property. 

Some  of  the  richest  prospects  in  this 
mineral  zone  have  been  at  a  standstill  for 
nearly  20  years.  They  were  located  in 
the  interests  of  Prof.  Antonio  Castillo, 
who  was  the  geologist,  secretary  and  di- 
rector of  the  school  of  mines  at  Mexico 
City  for  50  years.  He  had  great  faith  in 
this  district,  but  since  his  death  in  1895, 
his  heirs  have  only  paid  the  mining  taxes 
on  the  property;  meanwhile  bonanzas 
have   been   taken   out   by   the    buscones, 


^^ 

-;  '^^SP^-'- -!-^ 

-^HL 

^^^tfflHH 

r^^fc 

■■  :\  ,    ; 

^"^'i.          ■   , 

Balsas  Bridge  Terminus  of  the  Railroad 


Balsas  River  from  the  Campo  Morado  Trail 


Garduno  Mining  Company  has  been  op- 
erating there  for  over  20  years  and  two 
of  its  principal  mines,  the  Pinzan  and 
Gardurio,  have  a  record  of  several  mil- 
lions of  gold  to  their  credit.  The  min- 
eral zone  is  over  20  km.  long  and  six 
km.  wide.  The  Pinzan  mine  has  been 
furnishing  abundant  ore  from  30  to  60 
grams  of  gold  per  ton  for  a  10-stamp 
mill  for  many  years.  The  main  shaft  is 
over  300  ft.  deep  and  many  thousands 
of  tons  of  this  class  of  ore  are  blocked 
out.  The  concentrates  and  bullion — the 
former  running  from  300  to  500  grams  of 
gold  per  ton,  are  shipped  by  mule  freight, 
which  costs  from  60  to  75  pesos  per  ton. 
The  Carduiio  mine  has  produced  many 
bonanzas,  and  over  a  million  dollars  of 
concentrates    and    high-grade    ore    have 

•Mining  engineer,  Gnnio  lo,   Moxk-o,  I>.  V. 


developing.  The  properties  are  favorably 
situated  near  permanent  running  water. 
There  are  a  number  of  parallel  veins  all 
carrying  fair  gold  content.  One  85  cm. 
in  width,  assays  24  grams  gold  per  ton. 
In  the  past  these  veins  have  been  worked 
by  hiiscnnes.  who  only  mine  the  richest 
parts  and  judging  from  the  extent  of  these 
primitive  excavations  a  large  tonnage 
must  have  been  extracted. 

Rio  del  Org  Properties 

The  Rio  del  Oro  Exploration  Company 
has  a  number  of  notable  properties.  A 
few  years  ago  bonanza  ore  was  struck  in 
its  La  Lucha  mine,  but  shortly  afterward 
some  difficulty  arose  among  the  directors 
and  work  has  been  suspended  since.  Ef- 
forts are  being  made  to  adjust  the  matter 
and  to  have   machinery   installed.     Two 


chiefly  from  the  Trinidad  mine.  The 
group  consists  of  20  mines,  all  partially 
developed,  the  principal  ones  being  the 
Trinidad,  La  Mexicana,  La  Reina,  San 
Nicolas  and  San  Antonio.  Two  engineers 
have  recently  been  making  an  examina-' 
tion  of  the  group,  and  the  owners  are 
considering  the  advisability  of  installinf 
machinery. 

The  governor  of  the  State,  Damiar 
Flores,  has  located  through  his  agent 
over  100  pertenencias  of  a  low-gradt 
gold-bearing  porphyrytic  vein  in  diorite 
about  3  km.  north  of  the  contact  will 
the  slate  zone.  The  width  of  this  de 
posit  is  over  300  m.  This  large  bod\ 
of  ore  has  been  examined  recently  bv 
several  engineers,  who  have  recom 
mended  a  diamond  drill  to  determine  it^ 
extent  and  grade.     Governor  Flores  ha: 


October  1.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


673 


also  located  a  large  iron  deposit  near  this 
district.  Other  promising  properties  here 
are  the  Estrella  de  Oro,  La  Fortuna,  Pa- 
pallo,  El  Rayo,  Once  y  Media,  Davis  and 
Metate. 

Campo  Morado  District 

The  next  and  more  recently  producing 
district  is  the  Campo  Morado,  where 
are  the  Reforma  Mining  and  Mill- 
ing Company  mines,  which  have  yielded 
over  7,000,000  pesos  during  the  last 
seven  or  eight  years.  This  camp  is  at 
present   by    far   the   biggest   producer   in 


situated  within  a  few  miles  from  the 
river,  rich  in  gold,  silver,  copper  and  iron. 
This  Balsas  region  is  just  far  enough 
south  of  the  great  volcanic  belt  to  be 
free  from  the  lava  and  to  have  received 
its  richness  from  eruptive  upthrusts. 
These  eruptions  have  been  on  such  a 
vast  scale  as  to  render  almost  the  entire 
State  a  labyrinth  of  mountain  ranges, 
which  has  few  equals. 

The  first  of  these  mining  localities  re- 
ferred to  above  is  three  kilometers  east 
of  Balsas  station,  where  the  Maine  & 
Nebraska   Mining   and   Milling   Company 


2'he   E'lt/inctrini;  i  .Vinlnj/  •/cun 


Mine  Map  of  Guerrero,  Mexico 


Reference  inimbers  for  niiiios  and  mini:ii;  disl  rids :  1.  (lallina:  2,  Raton:  .1.  Asluri- 
ana  :  4.  ('acalott'ixH' :  .*>,  San  \'i(MMitt' ;  *'..  ('ain|n'  Mui  :uln  ;  7,  San  l.ncia  ;  s.  Mnchillan  : 
!i.  I'asi-alalan  del  Oro:  ID,  Iron  Ki'posit.  Cna.valio ;  11.  La  Diclia  ;  li;.  Tcjiantlllan:  1.'!. 
San  Nicolas  (iol  Oro:  H.  (Jncrrcro  did  oro:  l."i,  Tcoli'ppo  ;  IG,  I'andaloma  :  17.  I.as  Uosas ; 
IS.  <:aIlcKos:  l!i.  San  Mignol  Tololoapan  :  lid,  Ti'piduiajup :  -'!.  I'lacori's  did  Oro;  22. 
I'inmda  ;  2H,  (iailo  ;  24.  (jnadaliipc  :  2.j.  I'aelfic  Cojipor  Mines;  2(i.  Iron  Deposit;  27,  Iron 
l'ei"«lt  :   28,  Taxco. 


Guerrero  and  the  tonnage  of  low-grade 
ryritic  gold  and  silver  ores  blocked  out 
by  this  company  is  enormous.  Recently 
13,000,000  pesos  have  been  offered  and 
refused  for  the  properties.  These  mines 
stand  among  the  first  in  the  entire  Re- 
public for  quantity  of  ore  in  sight.  Over 
1000  tons  of  coke  are  shipped  monthly 
down  the  Balsas  river  and  by  mule-freight 
to  supply  the  smelteries  on  this  property. 

Other  Mining  Districts 

From   the  Balsas  bridge  to  the   Pacific 
'here  are  over  30  known  mineral  zones, 


has  recently  installed  a  100-ton  smeltery 
and  preparations  are  being  actively 
pushed  to  begin  operations  in  the  near 
future;  one  of  the  principal  properties 
is  the  Santa  Lucia,  a  silver-gold-copper 
vein,  which  has  been  steadily  developed 
for  over  4  years,  with  satisfactory  re- 
sults. There  are  a  number  of  other 
promising  prospects  adjoining  this  mine, 
which   are   showing  up   well. 

From  Tetela  del  Rio,  about  50  km. 
down  the  river,  and  south  about  50 
km.,  are  Los  Grados  gold  mines,  which 
have  been  worked  for  some  years,  and  a 


few  kilometers  west  of  here  is  the  Teote- 
pec  district,  where  a  5-stamp  mill  has 
been  operated  at  irregular  intervals  for 
about  6  years.  The  veins  contain  high- 
grade  silver  ore  with  some  gold.  Oc- 
casional shipments  of  this  ore  is  made,  but 
the  high  freight  rates  are  almost  pro- 
hibitory. About  halfway  on  the  return 
journey  to  Tete'a  del  Rio,  Guerrero  del 
Oro  is  reached,  where  a  number  of  gold 
and  silver  prospects  have  been  worked 
at  intervals  during  the  last  12  years. 
Here  again  the  high  freight  rates  have 
retarded  development. 

San  Nicolas  del  Oro  and  Tepantitlan 

About  30  km.  northwest  is  San  Nicolas 
del  Oro,  which  was  a  favorite  camp  of 
the  Spanish  prospectors  nearly  200  years 
ago.  The  principal  mine  is  the  Mina 
Grande,  on  which  about  a  million  pesos 
have  been  spent  by  an  American  com- 
pany, blocking  out  a  large  body  of  silver 
ore.  The  company  is  now  awaiting  the 
coming  of  the  railroad  before  installing 
machinery. 

Some  of  the  other  well  known  mines 
in  this  locality  are  the  San  Rosario, 
Alfonso  XIII,  Aurora,  San  Cayetano,  etc., 
on  all  of  which  extensive  development 
has   been   done. 

Tepantitlan  is  the  next  camp  north 
of  San  Nicolas;  the  Santa  Ana  mine  is 
the  largest  and  is  honeycombed  with  old 
Spanish  workings  miles  in  extent.  Old 
wagon  roads  cut  in  solid  rock  in  the 
mountain  side  for  several  miles  are  still 
visible,  and  the  ruins  of  houses  and 
churches  extend  hundreds  of  yards  along 
the  trail.  Once  the  town  of  Tetela  del 
Rio  had  a  population  of  30,000,  but  now 
it  has   only   a    few   hundred. 

From  Tetela  del  Rio  to  Pezoapan,  the 
distance  down  the  river  is  less  than  30 
km.  Five  hours  north  over  a  good  wagon 
road,  are  the  famous  mines  of  Campo 
Morado,  already  referred  to.  Near  Santo 
Tomas  some  recent  denouncements  have 
been  made  on  a  gold  deposit,  which 
shows  good  yield  on  the  surface.  There 
are  also  old  Spanish  workings  in  this 
neighborhood.  Down  the  river,  near  San 
Miguel  Totoloapan,  is  a  copper  region 
on  which  some  prospecting  has  recently 
been  done  and  a  few  denouncements 
made;  this  zone  extends  into  the  foot- 
hills of  the  Sierra  Madre  del  Sur  south  of 
Ajuchitlan  and  over  the  divide  is  the 
Placeres  del  Oro  district  before  described. 

San  Vicente  and  Zirandaro 

Going  north  to  Coyuca  de  Catalan,  the 
next  important  mines  are  at  San  Vicente 
near  Tlalchapa.  where  the  San  Vicente 
Mining  Company  has  spent  in  develop- 
ment nearly  a  million  pesos  during  the 
last  few  years,  on  a  large  silver  zone. 
From  recent  reports  this  camp  may  prove 
to  be  one  of  the  great  producers  of  the 
State. 

The  next  important  mineral  locality 
and    which    is    little    known    is    south    of 


674 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Zirandaro,  about  20  km.  distant,  between 
the  Metate  and  Papallo  mountains.  The 
principal  mines  are  the  Penuela  and 
Penuela  Anexas.  32  pertenencias.  The 
vein,  c«rrying  copper,  silver  and  gold, 
averages  60  pesos  per  ton,  chiefly  gold. 
Development  has  been  going  on  for  4 
years  and  the  main  drift  on  the  vein  is 
over  250  m.  long,  blocking  out  200,000 
pesos  of  ore,  gross  value. 

Another  camp  west  of  Zirandaro  and 
about  two  hours  south  of  the  river,  is  the 
Gallo — where  a  number  of  silver  prop- 
erties are  being  developed.  Two  days 
south  is  the  old  silver  mining  district  of 
Real  de  Guadalupe.  Regular  monthly 
shipments   of   high-grade   silver   ore    and 


La  Dicha  copper  mines  of  the  Mitch- 
ell Mining  Company,  of  New  York,  on 
which  over  a  million  pesos  has  been 
expended.  Near  Chilpancingo,  on  the 
Acapulco  trail,  is  an  immense  magnetic 
iron  deposit  belonging  to  the  Guerrero 
Iron  and  Development  Company,  and 
south  of  Chilpancingo  at  Mochithin  is  a 
lead-silver-copper  belt,  on  which  many 
locations  have  recently  been  made. 
Two  days  south  and  about  50  km.  from 
Copala  on  the  Pacific,  is  an  unexplored 
gold  region,  the  chief  centers  being  Pas- 
calalan  del  Oro  and  Totomixtlahuacan. 

Transportation  Will  Be  Bettered 
The  general  belief  by  all  who  are  in- 


oiable.  The  survey  of  a  railroad  from 
Toluca  to  Coyuca  de  Catalan  has  been 
completed  by  well  known  English  capi- 
talists and  it  is  believed  that  efforts  are 
at  present  being  made  to  obtain  a  con- 
cession from  the  Federal  Government  to 
continue  the  line  down  the  Balsas  from 
that  point  to  the  Pacific.  Acapulco  will 
soon  be  reached  by  the  new  automobile 
road  which  has  recently  been  built  from 
Iguala  to  Chilpancingo,  the  capital  of  the 
State,  through  the  fforts  of  Governor 
Flores. 

Plans  for  River  Navigation 

Meanwhile  the  plan  of  navigating  the 
Balsas   river,  proposed   in   a   recent  con- 


Making  a  "Tintadura"  (Test)  at  Placers  del  Oro 


'BuscoNEs"  Working  Tailings  at   Placeres  del  Oro 


Arrastres  at  Patamro  Mine,  Placeres   del  Oro 


A 

''^<''^Mh| 

__^^^^».^hIB 

lnn 

^BMB 

#» 

t.. 

L 

'VIH^H 

MAN     *'BaLS.\"     IRAM 

)      FkiiM 

w  HicH   Balsas  River  is  Named 

concentrates  are  made  and  notwithstand- 
ing the  remoteness  of  the  region,  great 
activity  has  been  displayed  for  several 
years  past.  Machinery  is  being  installed 
and  many  new  denouncements  have  re- 
cently been  filed. 

Districts  on  the  Coast 

Just  north  of  Pctatlan,  near  the  coast, 
are  the  great  iron  deposits  of  Guerrero 
and  the  big  copper  properties  of  the  Pa- 
cific Copper  Company.  Near  the  Aca- 
pulco trail,  60  km.  from  the  coast,  are  the 


terested  in  the  Balsas  region  is  that  the 
solution  of  the  perplexing  problem  of 
transportation  either  by  river  or  rail  is 
now  a  foregone  conclusion.  For  the  last 
year  engineers  have  been  looking  into 
the  present  and  probable  output  of  the 
natural  products  of  the  country  and  their 
investigations  have  been  very  satisfac- 
tory. Mr.  Harding,  of  the  engineering 
staff  of  the  National  Lines  of  Mexico,  has 
recently  returned  from  a  trip  down  the 
Balsas  river  to  the  coast  and  his  report 
of  the  conditions  and  route  has  been  fav- 


cession  granted  by  the  Mexican  Govern- 
ment, by  12-in.  draft,  stern-wheel  steam- 
ers, with  capstan  and  cable,  has  been  ap- 
proved by  an  experienced  rapid-river  ex- 
pert. 

This  expert  has  just  visited  the  Bal- 
sas and  reports  that  there  is  not  the 
slightest  difficulty  or  danger  in  navigating 
the  river  with  boats  of  the  proper  con- 
struction. It  may,  therefore,  be  stated 
with  authority  that  the  opening  up  of  this 
rich  region  by  the  navigation  of  the 
Balsas  river  is  assured. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


675 


Mining   along   the  Mexico  Northwestern  Road 


The  Mexico  Northwestern  Railway  sys- 
tem, now  entirely  within  the  State  of  Chi- 
huahua, is  at  present  composed  of  the 
failroads  formerly  known  as  the  Rio 
Grande,  Sierra  Madre  &  Pacific,  the 
Sierra  Madre  &  Pacific,  the  Chihuahua  & 
Pacific  and  the  El  Paso  Southern,  with  a 
mileage  of  590  km.,  which  will  soon  be 


have  been  granted.  Its  present  termini 
are:  Chihuahua,  where  connection  is 
made  with  the  National  Railway  of  Mex- 
ico, the  Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orient 
and  the  Mineral  Railway,  El  Paso,  Tex., 
where  connection  is  made  with  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  &  Santa  Fe,  the  El  Paso  & 
Southwestern,  the   Southern   Pacific,  the 


Bo*U  of  Mil*! 
Mexico  Korthwi-Btcrn  R,. 
■■     propoiud  Kxtci 
Other  Rsllwiiyi 

I 
lll[08' 


loo'ioa' 


TAj  Engitittrinff  J-  Mining  Journal 

Map  of  Mexico  Northwestern  Railway  and  Proposed  Extensions 


i  increased  to  approximately  800  km.  (500 
I  miles)  by  the  building  of  a  connecting 
line  between  the  old  Rio  Grande,  Sierra 
Madre  &  Pacifico  at  Terrazas  (district  of 
|Galeana)  and  the  present  terminus  of 
the  old  Sierra  Madre  &  Pacific  at  Ma- 
dera, and  other  branches  now  under  con- 
sideration, for  which  federal  concessions 


Texas  &  Pacific  and  the  National  Rail- 
ways of  Mexico;  Terrazas  and  Madera, 
where  connection  is  made  with  various 
stage  lines,  etc.,  and  Minaca,  where  it 
connects  with  the  Kansas  City,  Mexico 
&  Orient  Railway. 

The  Mexico  Northwestern  system  is  the 
outgrowth  of  the  purchase  by  a  syndi- 


cate headed  by  Dr.  F.  S.  Pearson,  of  Mon- 
treal and  New  York,  of  Col.  William 
Greene's  road  running  southwest  from 
El  Paso  and  the  Chihuahua  &  Pacific 
road  running  west  from  Chihuahua,  built 
by  New  York  interests.  Connecting  links 
have  been  built  and  are  under  construc- 
tion, and  extensions  into  Sonora  and  to 
the  Pacific  port  of  Agiabampo  are 
planned. 

Road  Important  for  Minino 
The  road  is  of  vast  importance  to  the 
mining  interest  of  Chuhuahua  and  So- 
nora as  is  evident  from  the  accompany- 
ing map.  Data  as  to  the  mining  interest 
directly  affected  by  this  railroad  are  fur- 
nished by  T.  E.  Ryan,  traffic  manager  of 
the  road. 

Outward  bound  from  El  Paso,  Tex.,  the 
first  important  mining  operations  are  at 
Guzman.  Here  are  several  important 
properties  now  idle.  Among  them  is  the 
old  Bismarck  mine  now  owned  by  the 
Londres  company.  This  mine  has  de- 
veloped large  orebodies,  but  is  greatly 
troubled  with  water  in  the  mine.  It  is 
supposed  that  there  is  a  connection  be- 
tween a  neighboring  lake  and  the  mine, 
but  this  has  not  been  proved  and  it  is 
probable  that  an  attempt  may  be  made 
to  unwater  the  mine  and  resume  pro- 
duction. There  is  talk  of  installing  a 
smelting  plant  at  the  mine  but  a  con- 
centrator is  advised  in  view  of  the  rail- 
road facilities  for  shipping  the  concen- 
trates to  El  Paso.  There  are  a  number 
of  large  dumps  in  this  locality  which  it  is 
reported  can  be  worked  profitably  by  con- 
centration. It  is  likely  that  the  district 
will  become  more  active  and  that  the 
problems  of  handling  the  water  will  meet 
with  proper  equipment. 

Telluride  Gold  Ore  at  Sabinal 

Between  Guzman  and  Sabinal  at 
Guano  station  are  the  Lolita  mines,  con- 
trolled by  Mr.  Gcrber.  These  properties 
have  produced  some  copper  ore  of  high 
grade.  Operations  are  being  carried  on 
at  present  in  the  way  of  development  and 
shipping  high-grade  ore.  At  Sabinal  the 
Aventurera  mine  is  operating  steadily 
and  shipping.  This  is  a  low-grade  prop- 
erty. In  the  same  camp  .lames  Parker 
and  associates  are  shipping  high-grade 
ore  from  the  Grand  Central  to  El  Paso. 
This  is  a  silver  property  in  which  rich 
orebodies  are  found  irregularly  distrib- 
uted. The  Mexican  Mines  properties  are 
being  developed  by  Mr.  Sutton.  These 
yield,  according  to  report,  a  tellurium- 
gold  ore  of  high  grade,  a  fact  of  in- 
terest because  telluride  ores  are  rarely 
found  in  Mexico.  In  this  locality  some 
rich  tellurium-gold  float  has  been  found 
but  the  source  of  it  has  never  been  traced 


676 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


definitely.  Eighteen  miles  from  Sabinal 
in  tile  Capulin  mountains  are  a  number 
of  prospects.  The  Paul  Taylor  is  operat- 
ing the  Progreso  mines  in  which  is  said 
to  be  developed  300,000  tons  of  S9  ore. 
A  branch  line  to  connect  with  the  rail- 
road would,  he  of  easy  construction  and 
is  being  considered.  The  ores  of  the  dis- 
trict are  generally  low-grade. 

Operations  at  Casas  Grandes 

At  San  Pedro  is  the  Candelaria  mine, 
an  operation  of  importance.  The  pump- 
ing problem  of  this  mine  is  discussed  in 
a  separate  article  in  this  issue  of  the 
Journal.  At  Summit  station,  three 
miles  from  the  railroad,  is  the  Sierra 
Madre  mine  controlled  by  Patrick  Durack. 
This  property  is  equipped  with  a  steam 
plant  and  is  shipping  silver-lead  ore. 
Twenty  miles  from  Nueva  Casas  Grandes 
is  the  Fortuna  mine,  owned  by  Homer  A. 
Hoyt  of  New  York.  There  are  other 
properties  adjoining  this;  much  develop- 
ment is  under  way  and  a  concentrating 
plant  is  projected.  Sixty  miles  from 
Casas  Grandes  is  the  Dos  Cabezas  mine, 


a  privately  owned  property  of  import- 
ance. A  short  distance  from  here  is  the 
Montezuma  district  in  Sonora  and  the 
famous  El  Tigre  district. 

Other  Tributary  Districts 

Between  Casas  Grandes  and  Madera 
there  is  at  present  little  mining  develop- 
ment. The  country  is  composed  of  erup- 
tive formations,  heavily  covered  with  de- 
tritus, but  the  streams  are  reported  to 
show  no  encouraging  float. 

From  Summit  and  between  there  and 
Madera  there  are  a  number  of  excellent 
properties  in  the  Guaynopita  district,  most 
of  which  are  in  the  development  stage. 
The  country  is  difficult  of  access.  The 
deposits  now  yield  chiefly  gold  and  silver 
with  some  copper.  Presumably  the  dis- 
trict will  ultimately  yield  much 
copper.  Beyond  this  district  is 
the  Sahuaripa  camp  and  beyond  that 
the  Mulatos  mine.  In  this  region  the 
properties  are  being  operated  chiefly  for 
high-grade  ores,  for  the  limitations  of 
transportation  prevent  extensive  under- 
takings.    The  proposed  extension  of  the 


Mexico  Northwestern  to  Tonichi,  Son. 
will  serve  this  district  and  stimulate  it 
greatly. 

Along  the  line  between  the  city  of  Chi- 
huahua and  Madera  are  a  number  of  im- 
portant districts  and  deposits  most  of 
which  are  referred  to  in  other  articles  on 
mining  in  Chihuahua  in  this  issue  of  the 
Journal;  also  several  important  districts 
in  western  Chihuahua  which  are  at  pres- 
ent served  either  by  the  Mexico  North- 
western road  from  Mifiaca  or  by  the 
Orient  road  from  Creel.  This  section 
will  be  greatly  benefited  by  the  proposed 
extensions  of  the  Mexico  Northwestern. 

Report  of  Railroad  Expansion 

There  is  some  report  that  the  Mexico 
Northwestern  road  would  have  control  of 
the  Moncolva-Chihuahua  road  now  pro- 
jected, when  it  is  built,  but  this  matter 
has  not  developed  definitely.  At  any  rate 
the  road  is  an  important  extension  into 
the  Chihuahua  and  Sonora  country  and 
particularly  in  making  El  Paso  the  tribu- 
tary point  in  connection  with  mining  in 
northern  Mexico. 


Tales  of  Mountain  Travel  m  Mexico 

BY  MARK  R.  LAMB* 


The  end  of  the  rainy  season  in  Mexico 
is  the  really  pleasant  time  for  the  final 
stage  of  a  journey  on  muleback.  A  slick- 
er keeps  out  the  occasional  shower  while 
the  shower  keeps  the  air  cool  in  the  deep 
canons,  called  the  "hot  country."  The  rains 
and  warm  weather  will  have  brought  the 
grass  knee-high,  so  the  pack  mules  will 
be  lively  and  willing.  On  account  of  pos- 
sible malaria,  quinine  should  be  taken  in 
quotidian,  prophylactic,  diaphoretic,  anti- 
pyritic  doses.  (See  Chester  and  Sem- 
ple. )'  The  guide  who  runs  ahead  to 
show  the  way  will  not  need  the  quinine 
since  the  cool  rain  is  his  antipyretic,  the 
rough  trail  serves  him  as  a  diaphoretic 
and  his  simple  diet  of  corn  and  chile  acts 
as  a  prophylactic  cathartic. 

Hand  Sorting  of  Asses 

Use  generalship  in  choosing  mules  and 
guides  for  such  a  trip.  A  membership  in 
the  Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society  of 
America  is  no  guarantee  of  ability  to 
judge  asses  and  men,  so  since  what  one 
requires  is  an  animal  used  to  mountain 
trails,  not  exhausted  with  recent  travel 
nor  green  from  pasture,  hire  someone 
to  choose  the  required  mules,  and  be- 
ware of  animals  with  such  significant 
names  as  "Flatwheel"  and  "Concen- 
trator." Be  not  deceived  by  tales  of  fast 
traveling  on  the  trails.     The  guide  afoot 


•Mllllns     nntl     (■yanlillni;     I'lidiiii'i'r.      .Mils 
riialniprs   Compnny.    Milwaukpp,    Wis. 

'Esc.    AND    MiN.    .TOI'HN..    Oft.    0,     li)On. 


has  no  difficulty  keeping  ahead  of  the 
man  on  horseback.  While  on  the  subject 
of  time,  attention  should  be  called  to  the 
fact  that  in  Mexico,  time  is  depreciated 
even  more  than  is  the  money,  and  on  this 
account,  when  informed  that  it  is  "two 
hours  to  Cuiteco,"  it  is  necessary  to  ask, 
"Gold  or  Mex?" 

Eating  and  Sleeping 

It  is  advisable  to  take  plenty  of  corn, 
if  provided  with  mules  which  will  eat 
grain,  while  a  cooking  outfit  can  be  omit- 
ted if  the  trail  passes  enough  houses.  Eat- 
ing at  native  houses  sometimes  entails 
fighting  the  dogs  for  your  beans,  but  the 
dogs  are  not  large.  There  need  be  no 
fear  of  not  obtaining  food  at  such  houses, 
since  entertaining  a  guest  is  merely  a 
question  of  "adding  more  water  to  the 
family  bean-pot."  A  large  sheet  of  heavy 
canvas  should  be  taken,  twice  the  width 
and  three  times  the  length  of  the  blankets. 
Under  this,  and  by  using  a  little  judgment 
in  choosing  a  spot  of  ground  for  a  sleep- 
ing place,  a  heavy  rain  will  cause  no  dis- 
comfort. Let  the  guide  shiver.  Even  if 
given  a  warm  outfit,  the  chances  are  that 
he  would  gamble  it  off  or  trade  it  for  a 
mescal.  In  the  mines  of  Chihuahua  a 
miner  can  earn  2.50  pesos  per  day,  while 
in  Guanajuato  75  centavos  is  the  rate — 
and  the  laborer  in  each  section  is  chron- 
ically broke.  (The  same  comparison  is 
applicable  to  gold  miners  of  Nevada  and 


coal  miners  of  Virginia,  so  it  will  be  seen 
that  no  racial  slur  is  intended.) 

It  is  not  advisable  to  sleep  in  a  native 
hut.  One  is  liable  to  find  sarcophagous 
bedfellows.  A  shelter  is  only  necessary 
in  case  of  heavy  snow  or  hail  and  such 
an  emergency  is  only  met  with  on  the 
higher  portions  of  the  trail,  while  it  is  us- 
ually possible  to  plan  a  sleep  in  the  "hot 
country"  each  night.  The  huts  in  the 
canon  districts  are  sometimes  perched  in 
impossible  places.  As  an  example  of  the 
difiiculties  of  the  region,  I  have  seen  In- 
dains  planting  corn  with  an  iron  bar 
while  hanging  suspended  from  a  cliff  on 
the  end  of  a  rope.  The  depth  of  the 
canons  may  be  realized  when  it  is  known 
that  when  a  pack-mule  falls  off  the  trail, 
his  splash  into  the  river  is  not  heard  until 
you  are  on  your  way  back  from  the  mine! 
( sic ) . 

Practice  ^nd  Theory  of  Sectionalizinc 

The  mining  machinery  in  this  region 
seems  to  be  composed  mainly  of  bolts. 
Boilers,  unless  of  the  water-tube  type, 
appear  to  be  all  seams.  Engine  frames 
and  cylinders  are  series  of  short  rings 
bolted  together.  Tall  tanks  and  short 
have  the  appearance,  at  a  distance,  of 
being  made  of  plates  the  size  of  postage 
stamps.  After  the  excellent  and  exhaus- 
tiev  article  by  F.  C.  Roberts  and  Walter 
W.  Bradley  on  the  subject  of  mule-back 
transportation,  that  topic,  as  well  as  the 
readers,  would  seem  to  be  exhausted.  Mr. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


077 


Roberts'  bravery  in  buying  mules  and  in 
teaching  them  to  eat  corn  is  rarely  equal- 
ed. The  usual  course  is  to  contract  with 
local  freighters.  This  makes  it  desirable 
to  have  the  carloads  of  freight  arrive — 
not  all  together,  but  one  at  a  time,  and 
far  enough  apart  so  that  no  accumulation 
of  freight  emboldens  the  freighters  to 
raise  the  rates.  Only  when  it  is  planned 
to  own  and  feed  mules,  is  it  safe  to  figure 
on  heavy  individual  loads. 

It  is  possible  (witness  the  Greene 
Gold-Silver  Company)  to  decline  to  sec- 
tionalize  any  machinery  whatever,  and  in- 
stead, build  a  wagon  road.  But  such 
roads  are  expensive.  The  Greene  road  is 
even  now  so  out  of  repair  that  inachinery 
is  again  going  into  the  Ocanipo  district 
of  Chihuahua  sectionalized.  Sometimes, 
as  is  the  case  of  Lluvia  de  Oro  Com- 
pany, also  in  Chihuahua,  machinery  can 
be  rolled  and  skidded  over  flat  country 
with  an  army  of  mules,  and  dragged  up 
and  over  such  rivers  as  the  Fuerte  with 
its  rapids  and  shoals,  but  the  expense  is 
rarely  warranted  by  the  saving  in  cost, 
comparing  standard  with  sectional  ma- 
chinery. The  difference  in  such  cost  is 
usually  20  per  cent.  The  above  company 
is  now  building  a  sectional  hydroelectric 
power  plant  and  Manager  Conklin,  who 
had  the  pleasant  job  of  taking  in  solid 
machinery  purchased  by  a  former  man- 
ager, had  no  trouble  in  deciding  between 
sectional  and  standard  designs  for  his 
new  plant. 

Foresight  in  Ordering  Supplies 

It  is  the  ordinary  and  natural  custom 
for  companies  operating  in  the  mountains 
to  spend  the  necessary  time  in  decid- 
ing on  just  the  size  and  type  of  mill  re- 
quired, where  it  can  be  purchased  to  the 
best  advantage  and  in  obtaining  the  nec- 
essary funds.  It  is  then  equally  natural 
that  every  effort  should  be  made  to  get 
the  machinery  to  the  mine  before  the 
snow  flies,  before  the  rains  set  in  or  be- 
fore some  other  disadvantageous  condi- 
tion obtains.  On  account  of  this  great 
rush,  it  is  sometimes  necessary  to  take 
a  standard  machine  with  heavier  parts, 
rather  than  to  await  the  manufacture  of 
special,  sectional  machines,  and  pur- 
chasers should  bear  in  mind  that,  given 
the  necessary  time,  any  machine  can  be 
made  sectional.  A  mine  manager  in  these 
distant  and  difficult  localities  finds  that  it 
pays  to  provide  supplies  far  in  advance 
of  requirements,  out  of  all  proportion  to 
the  usual  practice.  Steel  wearing  parts 
for  batteries  are  ordered  usually  at  least 
a  year  in  advance,  as  steel  castings  are 
not  obtainable  at  a  moment's  notice.  The 
heat  treatment  alone  of  some  specially 
tough  shoes  and  dies  runs  into  weeks. 
Unless  one  can  afford  to  follow  Mr.  Rob- 
erts' example  in  the  matter  of  owning 
mules  and  feeding  them  grain,  the  end 
of  the  rainy  season  should  be  set  apart 
for      beginning      transportation.        Pack 


trains  can  be  forced  through  during  rains, 
but  it  is  no  unusual  thing  for  the  rains 
to  swell  the  streams  and  trap  an  outfit 
for  days  and  even  weeks. 

Knowing  When  to  Come  in  out  of  the 
Rain 

At  home  on  lower  Broadway,  no  at- 
tention is  paid  to  the  gathering  clouds  and 
heavy  rain  can  come  and  go  without  dis- 
comforting, thanks  to  subway  and  "taxi," 
but  it  is  well  to  give  the  sky  some  thought- 
ful attention  before  following  the  traii 
into  any  of  the  multitude  of  deep-walled 
canons.  A  sudden  flooding  rain  anywhere 
on  the  watershed  may  trap  the  traveler 
where  it  is  impossible  to  escape  the  wall 
of  water  which  goes  as  quickly  as  it 
comes.  Huge  boulders  weighing  tons  are 
tossed  and  tumbled  through  the  canon 
like  pebbles  in  a  tube  mill.  Though  the 
grinding  efficiency  cannot  be  high,  tUc 
quantity  of  slime  produced  must  be  im- 
mense. 

The  Little  Things  of  Life 

The  trip  presents  some  little  discomforts. 
A  small,  black  fly  inthe hot, humid  valleys 
has  the  faculty  of  biting  the  hands  and 
face  and  satisfying  his  appetite  before 
the  assault  is  felt.  As  the  bite  is  poison- 
ous, the  hands  and  face  promptly  swell 
and  itch,  and  the  traveler  is  prone  to  be- 
come exasperated,  if  not  peevish.  Even 
the  butterflies  are  different  from  those  in 
the  States.  A  few  daysof  suitable  weather 
brings  out  myriads,  and  due  to  their  in- 
experience with  the  grasping  American, 
an  encounter  with  a  cloud  of  them  leaves 
one  covered  with  a  golden  layer  to  such 
an  extent  that  there  is  a  startling  re- 
semblance to  a  Broadway  chorus  girl. 
The  microscopic  red  chigger  of  our  own 
country  is  also  found  in  these  mountains, 
though  for  some  reason  he  prefers  the 
Mexican  and  Indian  diet.  My  guide  ex- 
plained it  on  the  ground  that  the  Amer- 
ican is  too  clean  at  the  beginning  of  a 
trek.  The  guide  had  noted  that  after  a 
few  days'  journeying  the  chigger  shows  no 
preference,  the  explanation  being  that 
the  American  develops  "that  animal 
smell!" 

"Agua  Blanca  Es  Buena" 

The  waters  of  the  small  streams  and 
springs  arc  sometimes  a  milky  white,  due 
to  suspended  impalpable  particles  of 
tufas.  My  first  experience  with  such 
water,  when  thirsty,  resulted  in  a  labor- 
ious climb  up  a  canon  in  an  endeavor  to 
"get  above  where  the  stream  was  being 
polluted  with  soap."  At  another  place 
where  I  reproved  the  niozo  for  drinking 
from  a  slimy,  green  pool,  he  replied  "But 
if  it  is  poisonous,  Dios  has  made  it  so, 
and  he  knows  I  am  drinking  it." 

Fairy  Talfs  of  Mines 

Each  and  every  native  of  these  regions 
knows  of  unworked  mines  and   can  give 


good,  attractive  reasons  for  their  neglect, 
the  attractiveness  of  the  reasons  not  be- 
ing diminished  by  any  superstition  about 
lying.  Rich  ore  specimens  are  on  every 
table  and  doorstep.  In  describing  and 
theoriziiig  on  ore  formation  the  native 
lacks,  not  the  desire,  but  only  the  imag- 
ination to  equal  those  among  our  own 
neoteric  theorists,  whose  statements  make 
even  the  rocks  laugh.  It  is  easy  to  spend 
much  time  examining  embryonic  mines  all 
of  which  carry  from  SI 00  to  $1000  per 
ton,  and  which  will  make  a  millionaire 
of  whosoever  will  provide  merely  water 
and  a  coffee  mill.  Nevertheless,  it  is  the 
lucky — and  persistent — American  inves- 
tigator who  (usually  by  getting  an  option 
for  nothing  down  I  has  dotted  these  west- 
ern mountains  and  canons  with  dividend- 
payers. 

Fellow  Travelers 

The  trip  is  enlivened  daily  by  meetings 
with  travelers  who  are  bent  on  similar 
errands.  Such  chance  meetings  are  made 
particularly  interesting  by  the  difficulty 
of  properly  judging  your  fellow-traveler. 
On  a  city  street  one  judges  by  the  silk 
hat  and  frock  coat,  or  by  the  overalls  and 
bunch  of  waste,  but  on  the  trail  there  is 
nothing  to  guide.  The  noted  mining  geol- 
ogist and  his  wife,  after  a  month's 
reconnaissance,  must  be  detected  in  two 
people  far  removed  from  conventional 
appearances.  A  string  of  mules,  loaded 
with  rolls  of  bedding,  steamer  trunks, 
boxes  of  provisions,  camp  utensils,  ore 
samples  and  mining  tools,  together  with 
tents  and  lethal  weapons  makes  a  pic- 
ture worth  preserving.  Judgment  cannot 
be  based  on  the  condition  of  boots  and 
hair,  as  elsewhere.  Such  a  meeting 
means  an  hour's  chat  and  the  exchangs 
of  information  on  what  is  ahead.  News 
from  the  "outside"  is  traded  for  advice 
and  information  regarding  trails  and 
game.  .Acquaintances  thus  formed  are 
cemented,  if  by  chance  a  messbox  or 
medicine  chest  affords  some  required  ar- 
ticle. 

Hastening  to   Broadway 

The  journey  is  undertaken  with  a 
thorough  disgust  for  civilization  and  with 
a  delightful  anticipation  of  the  pleasures 
of  the  mountains.  The  traveler  spurns 
the  railway  and  telegraph.  When  the  re- 
turn trip  is  about  ended,  however,  and 
the  rail-head  is  but  a  day  or  so  away, 
every  nerve  is  strained  in  an  effort  again 
to  get  in  touch.  The  poor,  astonished 
mules  and  guides  make  forced  marches. 
Night  nor  swamps  nor  rains  can  delay 
the  traveler,  and  the  first,  faintly  heard 
whistle  of  the  locomotive  makes  sweeter 
music  than  a  choir  of  angels. 


Additions  to  the  Mexican  Federal  tele- 
graph lines  were  made  between  January 
and  June,  1909,  to  the  extent  of  2144 
miles,  making  the  present  mileage  over 
42,750  miles. 


678 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


Mining    and    Smelting    in    Aguascalientes 

The  Largest   Custom  Lead    and    Copper    Smeltery    on   the  Continent. 
Diamond  Drill   Exploration  at    Asientos.      Other    Camps    Are    Active 

b'y        BRUNO        NEWMAN* 


The  smeltery  at  Aguascalientes  is  the 
largest  custom  plant  of  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company's  chain 
of  smelteries  in  the  United  States  and 
Mexico.  At  the  present  time  it  is  running 
at  about  two-thirds  capacity,  five  of  its 
nine  furnaces  being  in  operation.  This 
partial  shutdown  is  due  to  various  caus- 
es: To  reduced  shipments  on  account  of 
the  low  metal  prices;  to  the  increase  of 
the  practice  in  cyaniding  in  Mexico, 
chiefly  at  El  Oro,  Pachuca  and  Guana- 
juato; to  the  recent  increase  on  railroad 
freight  rates  in  some  sections  of  the 
ccuntrv;  but  chiefly  to  the  recent  acquire- 
ment by  the  American  Smelting  and  Re- 
fining Company  of  the  smeltery  at  Mate- 
huala.  This  purchase  has  caused  the  di- 
verting of  ores  to  the  Matehuala  plant 
from  several  neighboring  mines  which 
formerly  shipped  to  the  Aguascalientes 
plant,  the  Dolores  mine  being  the  most 
important  shipper  thus  diverting  its  ores. 

The  Aguascalientes  Smeltery 

The  Aguascalientes  smeltery  presents 
exceptionally  difficult  metallurgical  prob- 
lems, as  its  custom  ores  are  derived  from 
mines  scattered  all  over  Mexico,  thus 
causing  a  constantly  varying  charge  on 
the  furnaces.  The  daily  smelting  capac- 
ity of  the  five  furnaces  in  operation  is 
about  1000  metric  tons.  The  copper  on 
the  charge  is  about  5  per  cent.,  and  the 
slag  is  a  bisilicate  slag,  high  in  lime  and 
contains  0.2  to  0.25  per  cent,  copper.  The 
copper  production  is  about  1500  metric 
tons  of  blister  per  month,  exceptionally 
high  in  precious  metals,  the  bullion  as- 
saying 30  to  50  kg.  of  silver  and  200 
grams  of  gold  to  the  ton. 

The  unloading  of  all  ores  is  done  by 
natives  by  hand,  and  the  first  sample  then 
cut  out  is  run  through  a  Vezin  sampler. 
Three  briquetting  machines  are  in  opera- 
tion, briquetting  the  many  rich  concen- 
trates received  from  all  over  the  country. 
The  baghouse  is  one  of  the  earliest  in- 
stalled and  has  given  satisfactory  results 
for  years.  At  present  only  the  conver- 
ter gases  are  passed  through  the  bag- 
house.  There  have  been  no  signs  of 
smoke-nuisance  controversies,  and  anv 
attempts  could  be  quickly  disproved  by 
the  fine  condition  of  the  company's  gar- 
den and  alfalfa  patch,  at  the  foot  of 
the  slag  dump,  and  the  fine  aspect  of  th',' 
many  ranches  close  to  the  plant. 

The  outlook  for  business  this  year 
promises    to    be    better,    notwithstanding 

•MInlni;    oiminpor.    Acunscalii-ntes.    Mexico. 


keener  competition  by  the  San  Luis  Potosi 
smeltery,  which  is  about  to  build  an- 
other copper  blast  furnace  besides  the 
reverberatory  and  lead  furnaces  it  now 
operates,  and  has  invaded  the  Asientos 
district,  which  supplies  a  large  tonnage  to 
the  Aguascalientes  smeltery.  The  Zaca- 
tecas  smeltery  is  also  operating  one  cop- 
per furnace,  although  mostly  on  ores 
from  mines  controlled  by  the  owners  of 
the  plant. 

This  competition  is  being  met  by  better 
prices,  the  miner  consequently  benefits, 
and  the  relations  between  shippers  and 
the  Aguascalientes  smeltery  are  more  har- 
monious than  ever  before.  Kuno  Doerr 
is  manager  of  the  plant  at  Aguascalientes 
and  R.  H.  Webb  is  superintendent. 

Asientos   District 

Activity  in  the  Asientos  camp  is  grad- 
ually increasing.  Several  properties  are 
being  reopened,  and  with  a  little  rise  in 
metal  prices  the  camp  would  soon  be 
flourishing. 

The  Santa  Francisca  mines  of  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany, are  making  excellent  progress  un- 
der the  direction  of  T.  M.  Hamilton. 
Two  diamond  drills  have  been  installed, 
at  600  ft.  and  800  ft.,  and  at  1500  ft.  one 
will  also  soon  be  installed.  The  drilling  is 
being  done  from  the  station  of  the  seventh 
level,  992  ft.,  and  it  is  intended  to  drill 
22  holes  at  an  angle  of  30  deg.  to  tap  the 
vein  and  also  the  water  courses,  and  an 
attempt  will  be  made  to  control  the  water 
with  valves  on  the  casing  of  these  drill 
holes.  The  smaller  drills  are  making  15 
to  20  ft.  per  day.  The  result  of  this  dia- 
mond drilling  will  be  of  great  value  to  thj 
mine  and  the  camp,  as  it  will  definitely 
decide  the  question  of  deep  mining  in  this 
district. 

The  water  in  the  mine  has  been  low- 
ered considerably,  the  mine  pumping 
about  500  gal.  per  minute.  At  the  present 
all  development,  except  the  diamond  drill- 
ing, has  been  stopped,  but  there  is  a  large 
tonnage  of  ore  blocked  out  in  the  mine 
and  a  large  quantity  on  the  dumps.  With 
the  arrival  of  some  new  ore  cars  and 
double-deck  cages,  the  mine  will  be  able 
to  handle  an  output  of  400  tons  per  day. 
The  mine  at  present  has  curtailed  its 
shipments  to  about  2000  tons  per  month, 
all  of  which  is  shipped  over  its  spur  road 
to  San  Gil  and  from  there  to  the 
Aguascalientes  smeltery  over  the  Tam- 
pico  branch  of  the  National  lines. 

The  Alta  Palmira  mine,  belonging  to 
the  Asientos  Mining  Company,  and  tmder 


I 


lease  to  Abram  Rapp,  has  encountered  a 
line  orebody  below  the  water  level.  This 
ore  £t  a  depth  of  about  125  m.,  is  about 
8  ft.  wide,  and  carries  silver  and  gold 
with  the  copper.  It  is,  by  far,  the  richest 
copper-silver  ore  in  the  camp.  The  in- 
stallation of  pumps  has  delayed  the  mine 
output  somewhat,  but  its  present  ship- 
ments of  two  cars  per  week  to  Aguasca- 
lientes will  be  increased  as  soon  as  the 
water  is  lowered.  The  mine  promises  to 
be    a    very   profitable   producer. 

The  Lead  Queen  properties  are  being 
opened,  under  rental,  by  the  Compania 
Metaliirgica  Mexicana,  a  Towne  com- 
pany, under  the  direction  of  J.  A.  Mac- 
Allep.  The  two  shafts  have  reached  a 
depth  of  about  120  m.  and  crosscuts  are 
soon  to  be  started,  and  it  is  confidently 
expected  that  these  crosscuts  w-ill  cut 
good  orebodies  in  the  Cince  de  Febrero 
and  Tajos  de  Purisima  claims.  These 
claims  have  been  worked  as  opencuts  to 
a  depth  of  80  m..  and  have  yielded  good 
lead   ores  with   gold   and   silver. 

The  .Aguascalientes  Metal  Company, 
operating  El  Orite  and  La  Merced  mines, 
has  for  some  time  past  restricted  its 
work,  shipments  have  been  reduced  to 
cover  expenses  only,  and  the  mines  are 
being  put  in  shape  for  a  good  output  at 
better  copper  prices.  The  Orite  shaft  has 
been  sunk  to  160  m.,  but  the  mine  is  still 
put  to  heavy  expense  for  packing  water, 
as  none  has  been  encountered  in  the. 
shaft.     Mr.  Koeberlein  is  in  chan^:. 

EI  Tabor  y  Anexas  Company  is  at  pres- 
ent operating  its  Purisima  mine  only.  In 
this  new  property  the  Santa  Rita  vein 
was  cut  in  good  ore  at  the  100-m.  level, 
and  drifting  has  been  started  on  this  vein 
to  the  south  of  the  junction  of  the  Santa 
Rita,  Veta  Rusia  and  Purisima  veins.  The 
cooper  ore  encountered  has  exceptional 
gold  yield,  the  gold  contents  being  from 
15  to  20  grams.  The  Tabor  mine  remains 
closed  on  account  of  the  low  lead  prices: 
the  orebody  was  encountered  at  110  m. 
in  this  mine  and  development  may  soon 
be  commenced.  The  mines  are  in  charge 
of  Bruno   Newman. 

Gabriel  Chavez,  who  recently  bought 
the  Socorro  mine,  on  the  Pefiuelas  vein, 
is  sinking  a  shaft  120  m.  and  is  about  to 
start  a  crosscut  at  the  60-m.  level.  This 
mine  produced  good  ore  at  the  surface 
and  is  a  likelv  prospect. 

Several  of  the  mines  and  prospects  are 
being  considered  by  leasers,  and  on  the 
whole  the  camp  is  in  good  condition  with 
everv  indication  of  still  better  prospects 
in  the  near  future. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


679 


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Tepezala  District 

In  Tepezala,  the  Guggenheim  mines, 
Minas  Tepezalanas,  some  time  ago  about 
to  be  abandoned  as  worked  out,  are  now 
shipping  as  much  ore  as  at  any  period  of 
their  production.  The  property  is  in 
charge  of  Charles  Lucas,  and  develop- 
ment has  proved  up  several  years'  ore 
supply  at  the  present  rate  of  production. 
Practically  all  of  the  mines  of  the  group 
are  being  worked  and  every  one  of  these 
is  producing  ore.  A  700-ft.  crosscut  has 
be;m  started  from  the  100-m.  level  of  the 
San  Pedro  shaft  to  cut  all  of  the  veins, 
and  tlie  Patrocinio  vein  will  be  cut  at  70 
m.  below  its  present  level.  The  latter 
mine  is  producing  copper  ore  of  good 
grade  and  already  a  large  tonnage  has 
been  proved  up.  The  long-abandoned 
Pefiuelas,  Santa  Clara  and  San  Fernando 
are  also  producing  ore.  The  output  is 
about  3000  tons  per  month,  which  is  ship- 
ped over  the  Mexican  Union  road,  a  Gug- 
genheim line  leased  to  the  Mexican  Cen- 
tral, to  Rincon  de  Romos,  and  thence  over 
the  Mexican  Central  to  Aguascalientes. 

The  Santa  Catarina  camp,  northwest  of 
Rincon  de  Romos,  has  recently  shown 
signs  of  new  life;  several  examinations 
of  properties  have  been  made  and  others 
are  planned,  but  up  to  the  present  no 
work  has  been  started.  The  New  Provi- 
dencia  company,  the  only  company  work- 
ing in  this  camp,  shut  down  a  few  months 
ago.  This  is  a  silver  camp  and  at  one 
time,  many  years  ago,  was  worked  ex- 
tensivclv. 


Zinc  Mining  in  Chihuahua 


By  W.  H.  Seamon* 


The  changes  in  the  tariff  laws  of  the 
United  States  have  had  a  depressing  ef- 
fect on  the  zinc  mines  of  Chihuahua, 
limiting  their  production  and  discourag- 
ing prospecting  and  development.  Nat- 
urally, all  mines  shipping  their  produc- 
tion to  the  United  States  have  had  to 
bear  the  tariff  imposts,  shipments  have 
gradually  decreased,  and  some  of  the 
largest  producers  have  now  suspended 
shipments  entirely. 

LooKrNC  TO  European  Market 

The  zinc  miners  have  a  feeling  of  dis- 
couragement, but  I  and  some  others  share 
the  belief  that  the  European  zinc  buyers 
will  enter  the  field  and  when  the  freight 
rates  are  adjusted  satisfactorily  as  good 
a  market  as  we  have  ever  had  will  be 
available  and  the  profits  and  operations 
of  the  zinc  mines  will  be  greater  than 
ever  before.  Unfortunately,  the  railways 
increased,  instead  of  reducing,  the  freight 
rates  on  zinc  ores,  thereby  placing  in 
the  path  of  the  European  buyers  at  the 

•Miiiins  I'li^'inivM-,  Apnrlacio  217,  CliMiiinlnm. 


outset,  an  impediment  of  considerable 
magnitude. 

The  shipments  for  the  year  have  been 
as  follows;  From  the  Faivre  mine  near 
Coyame,  800  tons;  Las  Plomosas  district, 
4000;  Calera  mines,  4650;  Santa  Eulalia 
mines,  30,000;  Almoloya  mines,  16,000; 
sundry  shipments,  1200;  total,  46,6,S0 
tons. 

The  ores  from  Santa  Eulalia  are  main- 
ly carbonate  ores  with  a  content  of  40 
per  cent,  zinc;  those  from  Almoloya  and 
Coyame  are  also  carbonate  ores  with 
some  zinc  silicate;  while  those  from 
Calera  and  Las  Plomosas  are  mainly 
sulphides. 

Conditions  at  Santa  Eulalia 

The  Calera  mines  suspended  shipments 
of  zinc  ore  about  two  months  ago  and 
will  not  resume  until  there  can  be  a  sat- 
isfactory arrangement  of  prices.  The 
shipments  of  the  properties  at  Almoloya 
have  also  been  heavily  curtailed  and  it 
is  reported  that  arrangements  are  being 
perfected  for  a  zinc  smeltery  to  be  lo- 
cated at  Torreon,  but  I  doubt  whether 
sufficient  capital  has  been  secured  for 
this  enterprise. 

The  only  new  discovery  of  zinc  ores 
of  any  amount  was  made  in  the  Buena 
Tierra  mine  at  Santa  Eulalia,  where  large 
bodies  of  30  per  cent,  carbonate  ore  have 
been  opened  up  during  the  last  year. 

The  Calera  mine  has  the  largest  known 
body  of  zinc  ore  in  Chihuahua.  There 
are  many  more  zinc  prospects  in  the 
Coyame  country  and  the  part  of  the  State 
lying  close  to  the  Rio  Grande  river.  Under 
present  conditions  there  is  no  encourage- 
ment for  prospecting,  so  I  do  not  ex- 
pect much  further  development  for  some 
time  to  come. 

Los  Lamentos  and  Plomosas  Districts 

In  Los  Lamentos  district,  about  45 
miles  east  of  Villa  Ahumada,  all  opera- 
tions and  shipments  have  been  suspended. 
There  are  large  deposits  in  this  range 
and  with  railway  connections  the  dis- 
trict would  be  an  important  producer. 
The  San  Ignacio  mine,  east  of  Ahumada, 
has  shipped  some  zinc  ore  and  the 
Mojonera  property,  west  of  Gallegos,  pro- 
duced several  hundred  tons  of  42  per 
cent,  zinc  ore. 

The  most  noteworthy  event  of  the  year 
has  been  the  taking  over  of  the  Lago 
properties  in  the  Plomosas  district  by  a 
French  company,  managed  by  C.  Clerc, 
of  Paris.  This  is  a  strong  corporation 
apt  to  be  an  important  factor  in  the  future 
of  the  zinc  industry  of  Mexico.  This 
company  is  planning  the  building  of  a 
modern  zinc  mill  and  has  begun  develop- 
ment on  a  large  scale.  The  property  ac- 
quired has  always  been  considered  one 
of  the  best  properties  in  the  State  and 
the  mountain  range  in  which  the  mines 
arc  contains  many  good  zinc  prospects. 
The  zinc  properties  at  Terrazas  have  been 
idle. 


680 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  I,  1910. 


\nu    nun    <M^    ^KM    mn    mx    MKK    xxxK    my    »»iit    kkw    x>>y    ww  ju(juc_mx_ji(kvx    i<y»f    v?Tn 


/^  THE    MINING    INDEX  ^ 


^  A  CLASSIFIED  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  THE  CURRENT  ^ 
"^LITERATURE    OF  MINING  AND   METALLURGY.  '^ 


JWIX     XHK     UU     AUK     XXXX     Xm     nu      mi.      xnyy     yyvr- 


This  index  is  a  convenient  reference  to  tlie 
current  literature  of  miningr  and  metallurgy 
puljlislied  In  all  of  (lie  important  periodicals 
of  the  world.  A^'e  will  furnish  a  copy  of  any 
article  (if  in  print  i,  in  the  orij^inal  language, 
for  the  price  quoted.  Where  no  price  is 
quoted,  tlie  cost  is  unknown.  Inasmuch  as 
the  papers  must  bo  ordered  from  the  pub- 
lishers, there  will  be  some  delay  for  foreign 
papers.  Remittance  must  be  sent  with  order. 
Coupons  are  furnished  at  the  following  prices  : 
2nc.  each,  six  for  fl.  X3  for  $.').  and  100  for 
Jl.").  When  remittances  are  made  in  even 
dollars,  we  will  return  the  excess  over  an 
order  in  coupons  if  so  requested. 

COAL    AM*    rOKE 

l.'?.411—ArriI)ENTS— Coal-Mining  Fatal- 
ities in  Belgium.  Fredericli  Ij.  Hoffman. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Sept.  1(1,  1010:  2  pp., 
illus.  I     20c. 

1H.411;  —  BLASTING  —  Pie  detonierende 
Ziindschnur.  ( Bergbau.  May  4  and  12,  1!)10  : 
2  pp.)  Detonating  fuse  used  in  coal  mines. 
40c. 

13,4i:i— COAE  Cl-TTIN'(i— Recent  Develop- 
ments in  the  Undercutting  of  Coal  bv  Ma- 
chinery. K.  W.  Paiker.  (Bull.  A.  I.  M.  E.. 
i-ept.,    1010:    :V2    pp.,    illus. ) 

13.414 — COAI^CITTINC  MACIIINERV  and 
Electrical  Accidents  in  Mines.  ( lOlec.  Rev.. 
London.  Aug.  26  and  Sept.  2.  1910;  3Vi  pp.  I 
Continuation  of  article  previously  indexed. 
60c. 

13.41,->— COAE-DCST  EXI'LOSIOXS— Kat- 
alytische  Wirkungen  und  Schlagwetterex- 
plosionen.  I''leissner.  ( Oest.  Zeit.  f.  B.  u.  II.. 
Apr.  !i,  11110:  2  pp.  I  Suggests  that  in  many 
cases  the  explosion  of  coal  dust  in  coal  mines 
may  be  due  to  its  acting  as  a  catalyzer,  in- 
citing methane  and  oxygen  to  chemical  re- 
action.    40c. 

13,41(; — COKE — The  Koppers  By-product 
Coke  Oven  and  Direct  Ammonia  Recovery 
Process.  (Iron  Tr.  Rev.,  Aug.  11,  1010:  :! 
pp.,  and  Progressive  Age,  Aug,  lo,  1010 ;  2 
pp.)    20c. 

13.417 — COKE — Uel)er  die  Fortschritte  in 
der  fiewinnung  der  Nebenprodukte  beini  Kok- 
ereibetriebe.  O.  R:tu.  ( Stahl  u.  I'.isen.  .lulv 
2(1    and    Aug.    27,    1010:    27    pp.)    (inc. 

13.418 — CONCRETE — Bcton  und  Kisen- 
beton  im  oberschlesischen  Steinkoblenbergbau. 
Staudinger.  (Preuss.  Zeit.  f.  d.  B.  H.  u. 
Salinenw.,  Part  3,  1010:  22  pp..  illus. i  Con- 
crete and  ferroconcrete  in  the  Upper  Silesian 
coal    mines. 

13.410--DRYIN(;— Neuere  Verfahren  und 
Einrichtungen  auf  dem  Oebietc  der  Kohle- 
trocknung.  .Tordan.  ((Jliickaut,  Apr.  30,  1910; 
' '/•    pp..    illus.  I     40c. 

13.420 — EXPLOSIVES — Oascous  Decompo- 
sition Products  of  Black  Powder,  with  Spe- 
cial Reference  to  the  Use  of  Black  Powder 
In  Coal  Mines.  Clinton  M.  Young.  (Bull. 
A.    I.    M.    E..   Aug..    1010:    2.-)    pp.) 

13,421— FIREIiAMP  -Barometric  Pressure 
and  Liberatl<ui  of  l-'iredami).  Leon  Morin. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  .Icuirn..  Sept.  17.  1010:  S% 
pp.,  illus  >  .\bsfract  of  article  in  .liin.  (les 
Millrx,  Vol.   .XVI.    No.    10.      20c. 

13.422  —  FUEL  IXVESTICATIOXS  --  Die 
festen  Brennsloffe,  im  .lahre  liioO.  Bertels- 
mann und  Ilfu-mann.  (Chem.  Zeit,.  Mav  24. 
101(1;  1'',  pp.1  .\  rin-iew  of  in\-estigji tious 
on  solid  fuel  (wood.  |)cat.  lignite  and  littiim- 
inoils  coal  I    made  during  the  year   10(10.      4(lc. 

13.423  --  OERMAXY  -  Das  fir.zfubrende 
Slelnkoblengeblrge  im  Ithein-Mans-tJebeit.  \V. 
Wunstorf.  (Oliickauf,  ,Tulv  3ii,  lOKi;  ~V- 
pp.,    Illus.)    40c. 

13.424  — II.\UI,.\(;i';--.\utomotorische  Brems- 
hergfiirdei-ung  lult  Keltenseil  uiul  Schellen- 
seil  auf  deui  Steinkohleiibergwerk  Eniineir/.. 
A.  Meyer.  (Oliickauf.  .Inly  0.  101(1;  Uv,  pp., 
illus.)  tiravily  tramway  in  oiieralion  at 
I'^mlnenz  Colliery,  county  Kattowilz.  Upper 
Silesia,  moving  ."lOO  tons  "of  coal  in  nine-hour 
shift.      40c. 

13.42.-)  —  IOWA  AND  MISSOT'RI  —  Coal 
I'Mi'lds  of  Iowa  and  MIssotiri.  Henry  Ilind*^. 
(Mines  and  Minerals.  Sept..  lOKi:  2ij  iqi., 
Illus.)    411c. 

Ut.42(!— LABOR— Foreign  I-abor  in  the 
Pennsylvania     Coaltields.        (lOng.     and     Mln. 


.Tourn..  Sept.  3.  1010;  1%  pp.)  From  report 
of    Immigration    Commission.      20c. 

13.427 — PEAT — The  Exploitation  of  Our 
Peat  Bogs  for  the  Production  of  Fuel  for  Do- 
mestic and  Industrial  Purposes.  Eugene 
Ilaanel.  (.\ddress  delivered  July  25,  1010, 
before  Am.   Peat    Soc.  :   GV2   pp..   illus.  I 

13.42.S— REFUGE  CHAMBERS  in  Coal 
Jlines.  George  S.  Rice.  1  Eng.  and  Min. 
.7(U(rn.,  Aug.  27,  1910:  3%  pp.,  illus.)  Paper 
before  W.  Va.  Coal  Min,  Inst..  June  7.  1010. 
20c. 

13.420— SAMPLING— Coal  and  Coke  Samp- 
ling. E.  a.  Bailey.  (Mines  and  Minerals. 
Sept..    1010 ;    4   pp.,    illus. )    40c. 

13.430  — STORAtiE  — The  Weathering  of 
Coal.  S.  W.  Parr  and  W.  F.  Wheeler.  (Univ. 
of  III.,  Bull.  No.  38,  Series  of  1900:  43  pp., 
illus.) 

13.431  —  STORAGE  PLANT  -  Die  Verla- 
deanlage  der  Radzionkaugrube  in  Ober- 
schlesien  Gebaut  von  der  (iesellschaft  fiir 
Filrderaniagen  Ernst  lieckel  m.  h.  H.  Saar- 
briicken.  Buhle.  (Zeit.  d.  \'erelnes  deutscher 
Ing..  May  7,  1010;  9  pp.,  illus.  1  I'lant  for 
storage  and  reloading  of  coal  at  the  Uad- 
zionkau    colliery.    Upper    Silesia. 

13.432— STRIPPING  COAL  BEDS.  (Mines 
and  Minerals.  Sept..  1010;  2  pp..  illus.)  Meth- 
ods used  in  anthracite  region  of  IVnnsvlvania 
and   in   bituminous  coal   in   Illinois,      liic. 

i:{.4.S3  — TENNESSEE  — The  Wind  Rock 
Coal  Mine.  W.  S.  Hutchinson.  (Mines  and 
Minerals,    Sept,,    1910;    3   pp.,   illus.)    20(?, 

COPPER 

13,434 — ARIZONA — The  Superior  &  Boston 
Mine.  R.  L.  Ilerrick.  (Mines  and  Minerals, 
Sept.,    1910;   41/4    pp..   illus.)    20c. 

13.43.-, —  COXCEXTRATION  at  Cananea, 
Mexii-o.  Courtenav  He  Kalb.  (Min.  and  Sci. 
I'ress,  Sept.  10,  1010;  7  pp.,  illus.  1    20c. 

13,436 — CONCEXTRATIOX-  The  Ohio  Con- 
centrator. Leroy  A.  Palmer.  (.Min.  and  .Sci, 
Press.   Sept.   3.   lOKi :   4   pp.,   illus.  1    20c. 

13.437  —  ELECTROLYTIC  DETER.MIXA- 
TIOX — Rapid  Electrolytic  Determination  of 
Copper.  R.  C.  Benner.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
.Tourn.,   Sept.   10.    1010;   2  pp..   illus.)    20c. 

13.438  —  MATTE  CONVERTING  —  Recent 
Practice  in  Copper  JIatte  Converting.  Redick 
R.  Moore.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Sept.  3. 
1010:   -,'t    pp.  I    20c. 

13.-I30-NKW  MEXICO— The  Chino  Cop- 
per I'roperty.  Xew  Mexico.  C.  A.  Dinsmore. 
(Min.  Wld.,  Aug.  27.  1910;  2%  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13.440— PORPHYRY  ORES— Genesis  of  the 
Porphyry  Ores.  (Mines  and  Methods.  .\ug.. 
1010:  31;.;  pp..  illus.)  Description  of  pro- 
cesses in  nature  applying  to  mineralization  of 
lodes  and  deposits  at  Ely  and  Bingham  that 
are  at  important  variance  with  old  theories, 
20c. 

13.441— PYRITE  SMEI.TIXG  and  Sul- 
phuric Acid  Manufacture.  F.  J.  Fnlding  and 
J.  Parke  ('banning.  (Eng.  and  .Min.  Journ.. 
Sept.    17,    101(1;    31;     pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.442  —  SMELTERY  SMOKE  —  Settling 
Fine  Dust  at  Copper  Queen  Smeltery.  George 
B.  Lee.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Sept.  10, 
1010;  314   pp..  illus.)    20c. 

GOI,D    AXD   SILVER 

13.443— ALASKA— Some  Economic  Gold 
De|)osils  of  .\laska.  Francis  Church  Lincoln. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Sept.  17.  1910;  3% 
pp.)    2(lc. 

13,444— BRITISH  COLUMBIA — The  Nickel 
Plate  Mine  and  Mill,  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press. 
.\ug.    27.    101(1:    2    lip.,    illus, 1    2(ic. 

13.44.-1— BRl'liSlI  COLUMBIA — The  Pori- 
biud  Canal  Mining  District,  B.  C.  (Eng.  and 
Mln,   .lourn.,    Sept.   3,    101(1;    1    p,.    illus.)    20c. 

13,(4(i — CALIFORNIA— Hong  District.  Cal- 
ifornia. A  H.  Martin,  (Min,  Sci,.  Aug.  2.''.. 
1010;    114     pp.)     •_>()c, 

13,447--CIII.ORINATION  AND  CYANID- 
INf;— Cbloratlons-  und  Cvanidpraxis  der 
■•Pordand  Mill."  Cobuado  Siirlngs.  Colo.  C. 
Oderbaus,  (Metallurgie,  Aug.  22.  1010;  13 
pp..    illus.)    4(ic, 

13,448 — COLORADO — Prospecting     In     Sdu 


Juan    Mountains.    Colorado.        Arthur    Lakes 
(.Min.  Wld..  Sept.   17.  1010;  3  pp.,  illus.)   20c. 

13,449— CRUSII1X(;—The  Effect  on  the 
Solubility  of  (Jold  When  Ore  is  Crushed  be- 
tween Iron  Surfaces.  J.  M.  Tiiipett.  (Met 
and   Chem.    Eng..    Sept.,    1910;    IH    pp.)    40c. 

I3.4.-1O  —  CYANIDATION  OF  CONCEN- 
TRATE. F.  C.  Brown.  (  Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
Aug.    27.    1910:    1%    p|), )    20c. 

13, 4.j1— CYANIDE  PRACTICE  at  Guana- 
juato. C.  A.  Fulton,  (Mex.  Min.  Journ., 
Aug..    1010:    9  pp..   illus.) 

13.4.-,2— CYANIDING  at  the  North  Star 
Mines  in  Califiu-nia.  John  Tyssowski.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  27,  1910;  3  pp.,  illus.) 

13,4.'-),S— CYANIDING— Experiments  on  the 
Precipitatiou  of  Gold  from  Cyanide  Solution 
by  Carlion  in  Lime.  Edward  H,  Croghan. 
(Journ,  Cbem,.  Met.  and  Min.  Soc.  of  South 
Africa,  July.  1910:  2  pp.)  Discussion  of  paper 
previously    indexed,      G(ic. 

]3.4.-)4— CYANIDING— Notes  on  Precipita- 
tjon.  F.  D.  Phillips.  (Journ.  Chem.,  Met. 
and  Min.  Soc.  of  South  Africa,  July,  1910; 
2   pp.  1    00c. 

13.4.-..-) — CYANIDINt; — Notes  on  the  Cyan- 
idation  of  Concentrates.  Herbert  A.  .Megi-aw. 
(Min.    Wld.,    Aug.    13,    1910;    21<,    pp.,    illus.) 


The   Designing  of  a 
R.    Stuart    Browne. 


l.{.4.-.(i— CYANIDING- 
Sands  Leaching  Plant. 
(Pac.  Miner.  .\ug.,  1910;  2^4   pp.,  illus,)    20c. 

13.4.-i7 — DREIXHNG — Conditions  for  Gold 
Dredging  in  French  Guiana.  Albert  Bordeaux. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Sept.  17,  1010:  2M 
pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

l.-!.4.-,S— DREDGING— Gold   Dredging  Oper- 
ations in  Montana.     J.  P.  Rowe.      (Min.  Wld 
Aug.    27,    1010;    3%    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,4.-.9  — DREDGING —  Wcuking  Costs  of 
Gold  Dredging  in  California.  Chas.  Janin 
and  W.  B.  Winston.  ( Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
July    30,    101(1;    1'.,    pp.  I    20c. 

13.460  —  (iERMANY  —  Die  Silhererzgiinge 
\on  St.  -indreasherg  i.  H.  Werner.  (Gliickauf, 
July   16.   1010;    17  pp.,  illus.)    60c. 

13.461— KOREA— Gold  Mining  in  Korea. 
J.  D.  ubbard.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  Aug.  20, 
1910;    2%     pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,462— MEXICO— (Jeoiogv  of 
(luillo  Ore  Deposits.  S.  J.  Lewis 
Sci.  Press,  Sept.  10,  1010;  2%  pp. 

13.4(!3— MEXICO— Los    Pilares 
ward  M.  Robb.  Jr.  (  Mines  and  Minerals.  Sept, 
1910;    .5*',    pp.,    illus.)    40c. 

13.464  —  MEXICO  —  The  San  Rafael  \ 
.\nexas  .Mining  Company  of  Pachuca.  E.  (ilr 
ault.  (Informes  y  Memorias  del  Inst.  Mex 
Minas    y    Met.,    June,    1910;    13  V.      nn,.     2.' 

plates.) 

13.46.-. —  MILLING  — The  New  Espeianzi 
Mill  and  Milling  Practice.  Charles  Hovie 
( Mex.  Min.  Journ,,  Aug.,  1010 ;  ,t  pp.,  illus. 
20c. 

13.406- MONTANA— The  Radershurg  Mln 
ing  District  of  Montana  and  Some  Interest 
ing  Features  of  Its  Geology.  D.  C.  Bard 
(Journ,  .\ssn.  of  Eng.  Soc.  July,  1910;  SV 
pp..   illus.)    40c. 

MEXICO  GOLD  GRAVELS 
(Mines  and  Minerals,  Sept.' 
illus.)    20c. 


Ilostotipa 

(Min.  and 

illus.)  20c 

Mine.      Ed 


13.467— NEW 
,T,    .\.    Carrutli. 
1010;    2i{.    lip,. 

13.468  — NEW 
ton    Gold    Belt 


ZEALAND— The  Great  Reef 
Sidney    Fry.       (Proc.    AusI 


Inst.  Mln.  Engrs..  .\pr.,'  lOK'l;  7Vj   pp..' illus. 

13.4(10— ONTARIO— On  the  Glacial  Orlgli 
of  Hiironian  Rocks  of  Nlpissing,  Ontario 
Reginald  E.  Ilore.  (Journ.  of  Geol.,  Julv-Aug 
1010;    SI/,    pp.,    illus.)    6(lc. 

13.470  PLACER  MINING — Dry  Washer 
on  Altar  Pincers.  .Mexnndtu-  V.  Inc.  ( .Mli 
Sci..  Aug,   2.-..   191(1  ;   1 -i,    pp.,   illus,)' 20c. 

1',471 — PLACERS  of  Las  Palomns.  AIo\ 
slus  Coll.  (Pnc.  Miner,  .\ug.,  1010;  1 W  pp 
illus  )    20c. 

IS  472 — RAND — Application  of  Electrlclt 
to  Rind  Jlinlng.  Len.  K.  Oates.  (So.  Afi 
Mln.    Journ..    Aug.    6.    1910;    1  aj    pp.)    4(ic. 

13,A73  SI. IMF  TRI:ATMEX'|-  for  the  Es 
tractinn  of  Gnld.  G,  (^,  King.  (Journ,.  West 
Aust,  l}hniuber  of  .Mines.  June  30.  1010;  ."?' 
pp.,    illus,)    SOi-. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


681 


l:;.^7^  —  SOfTII  DAKOTA  —  The  lilack 
Hills  of  South  Dakota — 111.  William  II. 
Storms.  I. Mill,  ami  Sci.  Press,  Aug.  Ii7,  I'.HU ; 
Xi.j    pp.,    illus.  I    -Ml-. 

i.!.47.")  —  THANSVAAL  —  Deep  Mlnlnf:  in 
Transvaal.  Hmvland  (Jascoyne.  (Miii.  and 
Sci.  Tress,  Sept.   In.  1!)10  ;  iVj  pp.,  illus.)   -M^-. 

l:l.47(! — IT.VII  -  Dlsi-oviny  and  Devi-lnp- 
menl  of  the  Hurro  Mine.  \V.  ('.  Hicfe'ins.  (Salt 
Lake  .Min.   Kev.,  Auk.   ;!ii,    1:110;   3  pp.,  illus.) 

:;oc. 

i;i.477 — WASIIINtiTON — Mines  in  Kepii'' 
lie  District,  Washing-ton.  W.  A.  Scott.  (Min. 
and  Sci.  Press,  Aug.  13,  1910:  2  pp.,  Illus.) 
•Mi: 

i:i,47,q — WASIlIXCTdX — Operations  in  th.' 
Govada  District,  Washington.  (Min.  Wkl., 
Aug.   -7,    I'.IKI;    1%    pp.,    illus.)    liOc. 

i:!  47ii_wiOST  AISTKAIJA — Ore  Ueservi  s 
of  West  Australia  liolcl  Mines.  ( Kng.  and 
Min.  .lourn.,  Sept.  :!,  I'.iKi ;  \%  pp.1   :i(ic. 

i:!.4Sl) — WKST  AISIKAI.IA — Some  Notes 
on  the  I'rincipal  CeuluKiial  Features  of  the 
Kalgoorlie  (Joldtiekl.  ('.  (;.  Cibson.  iJourn. 
West.  Aust.  t'hamher  of  Mines,  ,Iune,  llUd; 
lU  pp.)  Addenda  to  article  previously  in- 
dexed.    SOc. 

IRON   AND   STKEI, 

1S.4S1— BASIC  ro.\vi:KTi;K  rUOCESS— 
Zum  licutigen  Stande  des  hasischen  Wind- 
frlsehverfahrens  in  Deutschland.  Ksser. 
iStnhl  u.  Elsen,  Aug.  :'.,  I!)l(i  ;  IL'  pp.,  illus.) 
Taper  before  Internal,  (.'ongress  of  Mining, 
Metallurgy,  etc.,  at  Diisseldorf,  June,  1010. 
40c. 

13.482— HLAST-FIItXACK  CIIAR<;iX(;  in 
Europe.  Alfred  Graden\vitz.  (Iron  Age. 
Sept.  1,  liiio:  3  pp..  illus.)  Describes  the 
use  of  wire   rope  cableways.      2oc. 

13.4.S3  —  Bl.AST-FIUNACE  (!AS  —  Ueber 
lien  heutigen  Stand  der  Cichtgasreinigung  in 
Deutschland.  Curt  (irosse.  IStahl  u.  Eisen, 
Aug.    17,    1010;    12    pp.,    illus.  I    4tlc. 

13,484 — BI.AST-Frit.NACE  TI.ANT— Oper- 
ating Experience  with  a  Blast-Furnace  (ias- 
Tower  Plant.  II.  .1.  Frcyn.  (.lourn.  A.  S. 
M.  E.,  Sept..  1010;  i:i  pp..  illus.)  Addition 
(o   paper   previously    indexed. 

13,48(5  —  CASE-IIAUDEXING  —  Ilartguss. 
lU-rnhard  Osann.  iStabl  u.  Eisen,  Aug.  10, 
IlilO;    414    lip.,    illus.)    4iic. 

l.t.4,S7 — CEMEXTATION — I'eber  Zementa- 
ion  Im  luftleeren  Haum  inittels  reinen  Kohl- 
•nstoffes.  F.  Weyl.  (Slahl  u.  Eisen,  Aug. 
7,   liJlO;   2'X.    pp..   illus.)    4(ic. 

13,488  — DUY-AIU  BLAST  —  rel)er  die 
"rsachen  der  Brennstoffersparnis  und  der 
vlehrei'zeugung  helm  Hochofenbetrieb  durch 
'le  Verwebdung  erhitzten  und  (ietrockneten 
.N'lndes.  F.  Wiist.  (Metallurgie.  .Tuly  8, 
'.•10;  1214  pp..  illus.)  A  defense  of  Oayley's 
iivention  of  using  dried  air  in  the  blast  fur- 
lace.      40c. 

13.4811 — EI.ECTKIC  FFUXACE — Der  Elek- 
rostahlofen  System  .Nathusius,  B.  Xeuniann. 
Slahl  u.  Eisen,  Aug.  17.  1010;  7  pp.,  illus.) 
«c. 
1.'».490 — ELECTIlir  SMELTIXC, — Die  Fort- 
i-tirltte  der  electrischen  .Stahlgewinnnng. 
Zeit.  d.  Vereines  deutscher  Ing.,  .Itily  16, 
niO;   2  pp.) 

13,401  — ELECTRIC  SMKLTIXO — Tlie  Pres- 
nt  Status  of  Electric  Steel  I'rocesses.  B. 
.'eumann.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Uev..  1%  pi'-, 
lliis.)  I'aper  before  Internal.  Congi-ess  of 
lining.  Metallurgy,  etc..  at  Diisseldorf.  40c. 
13,402 — ELECTROLYTIC  IROX — Hardness 
>Bt8  on  Alloys  of  Nickel  and  Copper  with 
leetrolvtie  li^on-  11.  O.  A.  Roush.  (Met. 
I    Chem.    Eng..    Sept.,    1010;    3    pp..    illus.) 

;.403 — FOrXDRY — Der  mechanische  Mas- 
ntransport  in  der  Oiesserel.  Hermanns. 
Stahl  u.  Elsen,  Apr.  (1  and  27.  1010;  S  pp., 
bis.)    tide. 

13.404— FRANCE      Mil  icMlungen     iiber     den 
rilM-rgbau    In    den     fniiizcislsebi'n    I'vreniien. 
liOilbach.      (I'reuss.    Zelt.    f.    B.    II.    u.    Sali- 
«■  ,   Part  3.    1010;    14  i)p.,   illus.) 

;.40.-.— OAS      HXCIXES— Recent      Experl- 

I'-es  in  Working  Lai-ge  Cas  ICngines.    I. anger. 

Iron   and    Coal    Tr.    i!ev.,    Aug.    20.    lOlii;    1 

.    Illus.)      Taper    before    Inlei-natlonal    Con- 

■■■s  of   Mining.    Metallurgy,   etc..    at    Diissei- 

'      4()c. 

;  40r,— IROX-ORE    RESERVES— Die    Els- 

/  V(MTiite  der  iOrde.      (Stahl  u.  IClsen.  Aug. 

TIKI;    L>    pp.)     Edltru-iMl.       4()c. 

'•.107— MALLEABLE  CAST  IROX;  Some 

Its  Features  and   How    It    Is   Manufactured 

Sweden.     C,  A.   lilutue.      (Meeh.   Kng..  Aug. 

■     1010;   2V,    pp.)    I'aper   befiue    Brl(.    F'dy- 

i  s   Assn.,    Aug..    T.llll,      4(lc. 

'408— MEXU-O— Exploration  of  Certain 
1  Ore  and  Coal  Deposits  In  the  State  of 
"•a.  Mexico.  .1.  lilrkinblne.  (Bull.  A.  I. 
1:  ,   Sept..    1010  :    2:1   p)).,   illus.) 

1:1,400— OTEN  HEARTH     FTRXACE    CON- 
lUICTION:    Ituprtn-euients  In    Recetlt   Yi'ars 
Developed    by    Oertunn    l';nglui>i'rs.       (Iron 
■     Aug.    2.1.    1010;    2  I.J    p|i..    Illus.)    20c. 


i:i..-iOO— ROLLING  MILLS— rel)er  die  Ver- 
wendung  kontinuierlicher  Walzenstrassen  auf 
deutschen  lliittenwerken.  SchrufT.  (Stahl  u. 
Elsen,  Apr.   13.  1010;  OVi   pp..   Illus.)    4oc. 

13..">01 — SILICON  STEEL.  O.  A.  Blsset. 
(Iron  Age,  Aug.  2.-..  liilo  ;  3^1  pp.,  illus.)  20c. 

13..-.02— TITANITM  ALLOYS— Feber  Ver- 
wendung  von  Titanlegierung.ui  in  der  Stahl- 
iudustrie.  Venator.  I  Stahl  u.  Eisen,  Apr. 
20,    1010;    3i.i    pp.,    1    pi.)    40c. 

I.EAU,   ZINC    .\XD   OTHBR   MET.\L,S 

13..-03  —  ALFMINT-M  —  The  Klnlochleven 
Hydroelectric  Tower  TIant.  1  Elec.  Rev.,  Aug. 
27,    1010;   3H    pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

13..-|04 — LE.VD — Tarke's  I'l-ocess  for  Desil- 
verizing Lead  as  Tracllsed  by  the  Broken  Hill 
Tioprietary  Coiniianv.  .lohn  K.  Archer.  (Aust. 
.Min.   Stand.,   .luly   27,    lOlo  ;    1    p.,   Illus.)    40c. 

i:!..")0."> — I,1:aD — Trail  Smeltei-y  and  Lead 
itelinery.  J.  M.  Turnbull.  (Mines  and  Min- 
erals,  Sept,   1010;   J  pp.,   illus.) 

13, .-(1(1 — PLATI  NI'M— Original  Occurrences 
of  TIalinum  in  the  i'rals.  E,  De  ilautpick. 
(.Min.  .lourn..  Aug.  20.  1010;  1%  pp.)  Con- 
liuuadon   of  article   previously   indexed.      40c. 

i:',..-,07— TLATINIM— Cral  I'latinum  and 
Its  Occ-ui-reuces — II,  E.  de  Ilautpick.  iMin. 
.lourn..  .\ug.  27.   lOlo  ;    1%    pp.  1   4o<', 

I3,.-|0S  -(jnCKSlLVEK — MosesKe.  a  Xew 
Mercury  .Mineral  fi-om  'i'erlingua.  Texas;  I-^.  A. 
Canlield.  W.  F.  llillebratid  and  W.  T.  Schaller. 
(Am.  Journ.  of  Sci.,  Sept.,  1010;  4 ',(.  pp,l  40c. 

13.500 — RAitE  EARTHS — I-eber  seltene 
Ei'den.  Mutbiuann.  (Chetn.  Zeit..  May  20. 
1010.  t  Iteviews  (he  wcu'k  ijerfoi-nied  In  the 
sphere  of  the  rare  earths  of  which  22  are 
enumerated.      40c. 

13,.-|10  —  TELLT'RiT'M  —  Researches  upon 
the  Complexity  of  Tellurium.  William  R. 
Flint.  (Am.  .Tourn.  of  Sci.,  Sept.,  1010;  10  Vi 
I)p.l    40c. 

13..'ill— TITAXIFM— Xew  Untile  Deposits 
near  Itichtuond.  Va.  Frank  L.  Hess.  (Min. 
Wld..   Aug.   20.   1010;   2  pp.,  illus.)    20c. 

13,.-)12— TfXOSTEN  —  Scheelite,  a  New 
Tungsten  Mining  Catnp  in  Xova  Scotia.  (Can. 
Min.  .lourn.,  Sept.  l.j,  1910;  2?4  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13,.513— TUXGSTEX  AXD  MOLYBDENUM 
— Ductile  Tungsten  and  Molybdenum.  Colin 
G.  Fink.  (Chem.  Eng.,  Aug.,  1910;  314  pp.) 
Taper  before  Am.  Electrochem.  Soc,  May  5, 
1010.      40c. 

13..T14 — TI'XGSTEX  MILLING  in  Boulder 
County.  Colorado.  Carl  II.  I'adilock.  (Min. 
Sci.,  Aug.   23.   1010;   2i,j    pp,,   illus,)    20c. 

13. .-)1.'') — VANADH'M — The  Gravimetric  Es- 
timation of  Vanadium  as  Silver  Vanadate. 
Thllip  E.  Browning  and  Howard  E.  Palmer. 
(Am.  .lourn.  of  Sci.,  Sept.,  1010;  2V4  pp.) 
40c. 

13,."il(> — ZINC  — Deering  Plant  of  American 
Zinc.  I>ead  and  Sutelting  Comitany.  Evans  W. 
Buskett.  (Eng,  and  .Min.  .lourn.,  Sept.  10, 
1010;    1    p..    illus.)    20c. 

13. .-,17 — ZINC — Fume  Filtration  for  Pro- 
duction of  Pure  Speller.  ,Iohn  S.  G.  Prim- 
rose. (Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn.,  Aug.  27,  1010; 
4   pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

XONMETAI.I.IC    MINI'MIAI.S 

l.-J.-ilS — ASBi:ST(IS  INDiSTKV  in  Central 
Wyoming.  F.  H,  Barrow.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
.Tourn..  Sept.   17.  1010;  1   p.,  illus.)    20c. 

I3..-1IO -CEMEN'I" — Eledrlcitv  in  a  Modern 
Cement  .Mill.  Ira  S,  Barth,  (Elec,  Rec,  Sept. 
1010;    O'i    pp..    illus.)    40c. 

13. .-.20  — CEMENT — The  Cement  industry 
in  the  I'ulted  States  in  looo,  lOrnest  F. 
liurchard.  i.Vdvance  Chapter  front  .Mineral 
Resources  of  the  U.  S.,  Calendar  Year  1000; 
22    pp.) 

13..')21 — CEMENT — The  Fuel  Requirement 
of  the  notary  Cement  Kiln.  W.  S.  I.andls. 
(.Met.  and  Chem.  Eng.,  Sept.,  lOlo;  i%  pp.) 
40c. 

13..-)22 — CLAY' — I'eber  Analvsen  rheinlscher 
Tome  mit  besonderer  Beriickslchtlgiing  der 
I'lussnilttel.  I'uclis.  (Stahl  u.  IClsen,  .Inly 
20,   1010 ;   2U    pp.)    40c. 

13,.->23  —  DIAMOXD  IXDITSTRY.  Notes 
from  the  River  Diggings.  (So.  Afr.  Min. 
.Tourn.,  .luly  3o.   1010:   1  Vi    pp.)    20c. 

13. .124  —  DIAMONDS  —  Data  on  the  De 
Beers  and  Premier  Diamond  Companies.  E.  M. 
Weston.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .Tourn.,  Sept.  10, 
1010;    'Vi    p.)    20c. 

13. .-i2.- — GLASS  S.VND — The  I'roduction  of 
Glass  Sand,  other  Sand  and  Gravel  In  i:iO0. 
Ernest  I'".  Burcluird,  (.Vdvanee  Chapter  from 
Mineral  Resources  of  V.  S.,  (^nlendar  Year 
1000.    1010:    22'1.    pp.) 

13..-2(i— GRAHAMITE,  A  Solid  Nallve  Bi- 
tumen. CIllTord  Rlchaidson.  (.lourn.  Am. 
Chem.     Soc.,     Sept..     1010;     17    pp.)     00c. 

13..-i27  — ■  PETROLEUM  —  Examination  nt 
Petroleum  I'ropcrties.  C.  .lanln.  (Min.  and 
Sci.     Press.    Aug.    27.    1010;    2    pp.)    20c. 

13..-i28  —  PETROLEUM — -Genesis     de      los 


.-\celtes  MInei-ales  por  las  Propiedades  del  de 
Oran.  Emillo  M.  Flores.  (.\nales  de  la 
Soc.  Cientilica  .\rgentina,  Feb.,  lOlo;  3S  pp.) 

13,.->20— TFTROI.KUM— Oil  Shale  Depos- 
its. Blue  Mountain,  X.  S.  W.  H.  L.  .lenc. 
(Eng.  and  .Min.  .lourn.,  Aug.  27,  1010;  2  pp., 
illus.)     20c. 

13..-.30—1'ETROLEUM-  Water  (Vuiditions 
in  tlte  oil  Field  at  Coalini;a.  R.  P.  McLaugh- 
lin. I  Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  Sept.  3,  lOlo ;  1 
pp.)    20c. 

13..-31— I'HOSI'HATE  DEI'OSITS  East  of 
Ogden,  Utah.  Eliot  Blackwelder.  (U.  S.  Geol. 
Surv.,    Bull.    4oO-II,    1010;     l.-|i.:i     pp.,    illus.) 

13,532- THOSIMIATES  —  Treliminary  Re- 
port on  the  Thosphate  Deposits  in  South- 
eastern Idaho  and  Adjacent  Tarts  of  Wyom- 
ing and  Utah.  Iloyt  S.  Gale  and  Ralph  W. 
Richards.  ( U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  430-H, 
T.110;   77 'i   pp.,   illus.) 

13.r.33  —  i'OTASlI  SALTS  —  Zwel  neuere 
Gasausstromungen  in  deutschen  Kallsalzlag- 
erstiitten.  Erdmann.  (Kail.  Apr.  1,  1010; 
.'i'.^  pp.)  Two  recent  gas  outbreaks  in  pot- 
ash  salt   mines.      40c. 

13. .-.34 — SALT — Das  Salzgeblrge  von  Gru- 
bach  und  Abtenau.  Reinl.  (Oest.  Zeit.  f.  B. 
u.   II.,  Apr.   Iti  and  23,    1010;   .".  p|).)    40c. 

13..'i.3.-)— .?ODA — Mining  and  Metallurgical 
Oiiportunitles  in  Canada.  A.  B.  Willmott. 
(Can.  Min.  .lourn..  Sept.   1,   1010;    %   p.)    20c. 

ECONO.MIC    (iKOI.OGV— (JENKUAL 

13,.j36  — AI'STRIA-  Mehr  Diatuanlboh- 
rnngen.  I'ois.  (Oest.  Zeit.  f.  B.  u.  11..  .luly 
.30,  1910;  2  |ip..  illus.  I  Reply  to  Tetra- 
stheck's  article  under  (he  same'  head  in  a 
previous  number  denying  the  necessity  of 
core   drilling.      4oc. 

13..-.37  -GEOLOGICAL  MEASI'ItEMEXTS 
— Der  Schlchtwelser.  Kiihn.  (Gliickauf,  Apr. 
10.  1010;  2  PI).,  illus.)  An  apparatus  de- 
vised for  geologists  and  mine  surveyors  to 
determine  sti-ike  and  dip  of  a  stratum  of 
which   three  points  are  given.     40c. 

13, .-.38 — (iEOLOGICAL  MEASUREMEXTS 
— ^^'inkelmessungen  bei  der  geologisciien  Feld- 
arbeit.  Berg.  (Zeit.  f.  prakt.  Geol.,  Apr., 
1010;  214  pp..  illus. I  Measurement  of  angles 
in  geological    field    work.      40c. 

13..-)30  —  I'RUSSIA  —  Teber  die  Gangver- 
hJiltnisse  des  .Siegerlandes  und  seiner  I'mge- 
bung.  (Gliickauf,  ,luly  0,  1010;  7  pp.)  On 
the  ore  veins  of  the  Siegen  district  and  ad- 
.iacent  country,  province  of  Westphalia:  ab- 
stract of  a  larger  work  by  Bernhardt  and 
published  by  the  Government  Geological  Sur- 
vey.     40c. 

13..'i40 — ^IGXEOUS  ROCKS — The  Origin  of 
Certain  Fragmenlal  Igneous  Rt.cks.  .\rthur 
Lakes.  (Min.  Science,  Aug.  11,  1010;  2Vj 
pp.,    Illus.)    20c. 

]3,.^41—MICHI(;aN— Notes  on  the  Geolog- 
ical Section  of  Michigan.  Part  II,  From  the 
St.  I'eter  Sandstone  up.  A.  C.  l^ane.  (.Tourn. 
of  Geol.,  .Iuly-.\ug..   1010;   3C.  pp..  illus.)    (iOc. 

13..-.42 — XEW  ZEAl.AXD — The  Geology  of 
(he  Whatatulu  Subdivision,  Itaukumara"  Di- 
\  ision.  Poverty  Ba^■,  .lanies  Henry  Adams. 
(Bull.  0.  Xew' Zealand  Geol.  Surv.,  1010:  48 
pp.,    illus.) 

13..-.43— ORE  DEPOSITS — Exploration  of 
Contact  Metatnorpbic  Ore  Deposits.  C.  A. 
Stewart.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn.,  Sept.  10, 
T.1I0;    2"i    pp.,    illus.  I    20c. 

13..-.43a— PItESSURE  EFFECTS— An  Kx- 
pei-itnentnl  Investigation  into  the  Action  of 
DilTiM-entlal  i'ressure  on  Certain  Minerals  and 
U(.cks.  l-:inploying  the  Process  Suggested  by 
Tr<ifessor  Klclc,  I'rank  D.  Adams.  (.Toui-n. 
of  (ieoi.,  Scpt.-Ocl.,  1010 ;  3.J1/.  I)P.,  Illus.) 
GOc. 

MINING— GENEK.VL 

i:!..->44 — ACCOUXTIXG — Cost  Distribution 
at  (lie  Monte/uma  Mines.  S.  F.  Shaw.  (Min. 
Wld.,    Sept.   3,    1010 ;    0   pp.)    20c. 

13. .'■.4.'') — ALASKA — Ilistorv  of  Mining  in 
Alaska.  1>.  A.  Mclionald.  (  Tac.  Miner.  .\ug., 
1010;  2  pp..  illus.)  Continuation  of  article 
previously  Indexe<i.     20<'. 

13..-4'(! — BiCKET  HOISTIXG — Mlltellung- 
en  iiber  l.el  der  ICiit.etforderung  In  Anwen- 
(lung  slehenden  llak<'nversehlusse  und  deren 
Slcherung,  ( Tre\)ss,  Zeit,  f.  B.  H.  u.  Sall- 
nenw.,  I'art  :t,  lolo;  0  pp..  Illus.)  Notes  on 
the  modes  of  locking  hooks  used  in  bucket 
Iiolsting  and    their   safety. 

13. .-47 — D.\M  —  Frome  Dam.  Moorlna.  Tas- 
mania. A.  .1.  Di'beKbam.  i.\ust.  Min.  and 
ICng.  Rev.,  .luly  ."..  lOlo;  cpf,  |ip..  Illus.)  Con- 
struction ami  costs  <.f  Ibis  datu  bull)  by  the 
Tloneer  Tin  .Mining  Company.  Ltd..  *rnstuanla. 
i'aper  before  Sydney  Univ.   ICng.  Soc.     40c. 

1:!,.-,4,S_I)IAM(IND  DRILL  IIOI.IIS  -Con- 
trolling the  Curviilure  of  I  llain..nd-DrllI 
Holes.  Edwin  Ellis  White.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
.lourn.,   Sept.    17.    1010;   2  pp.,   Illus.)    20c. 

13..-.40  -DR.\IX.\GE — Neuerungen  auf  dem 
Geblete  der  Wasserhallung.  Si'hult/e.  (Gliick- 
auf, .lulv  1(>,  lOlo;  i:'.  pp.,  Illus,)  Paper 
read  before  the  Inlei-national  Congress  at 
Diisseldorf.    .Tune,    1010.     40c. 


mz 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


13.550— EXAMINATION— Suggestions  on 
Examining  a  Property  iu  a  New  Instrict. 
Artliur  Lakes.  (Min.  Sci..  .Inly  14.  1910:  2% 
pp..   illus.)     20c. 

13  551 — FOREST  FIUES  —  I'rotection  of 
Forests  from  Fire.  Heury  S.  Craves.  (U 
S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture.  Bull.  S2,  1910:  IS 
pp.,   illus.) 

13.552  — FLOW  OF  WATER  —  Measuring 
the  Flow  of  Large  Streams.  FranUlin  van 
Winkle.  (Tower.  Aug.  1(1.  1910:  oVj  pp., 
illus. )    20c. 

■\:ir,7,:\ flow     of     w.\teu — Rating    of 

Pitot  Tubes.  H.  C.  Berry.  I  Proc.  Engrs 
Cluli  of  I'liila..  J\-'ly.  1910;  152  pp..  lUus.) 
Describes  tlie  metliods  employed  in  rating 
the  pitot  tubes  used  in  measuring  the  quan- 
tity of  water  passing  into  the  penstocks  of 
the  Ontario    Power   Company.     40c. 


of     Mine 
Aug.     and 
Continuation    of 
40c. 


40e. 

Pro- 
Francis    V. 
1010;  3  pp.) 


K 


40e. 


13.5."i4 — IL\I'L,\GE  —  Evolution 
Haulage.      (Mines     and     Minerals. 
Sept..    1010 :    10   pp..    illus. 
article    previously    indexed 

13,55.5 — HAULING  with  Traction  Engines 
on  the  Los  Angeles  Aqueduct.  (Eng.  Rec. 
Sept.    3,    1910;    2    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,55R — HOISTING — Review  of  the  Rel- 
ative Advantages  of  Steam  and  Electric  A\  ind- 
ing.  E.  J.  McWilliams.  I  South  African  Min. 
Journ.,    .July    30,    1910;    Hi    pp.)    40c. 

13  557  —  HONDT'RAS  —  The  Progress  of 
Engineering  in  South  and  t'entral  America. 
(Engineer,   July  S,    1910:    1   p.,   illus.)      40c. 

13.558— HYGIENE  AND  SANITATION— 
I.'IIvgiene  Miniere.  J.  Libert.  (Ann.  des 
Mines  de  Belgique,  Vol.  XV..  No.  3.  1910; 
2ti    pp.) 

13  559 — L.VW — Development  and  Operation 
of  tlie  Mining  Law  of  New  Zealand.  A.  C. 
Veatch.  (Min.  and  Sci.  I'ress,  Sept.  10,  1910; 
2  pp.)    20c. 

13  560  —  LAW  —  Mining  Legislation  in 
Oueensland,  Aust.  A.  C.  Veatch.  (Eng.  and 
Min.   .lourn.,    Si'pt.  3,    1910;   H{.    pp.)    20c. 

13  501  —  L.\W — New  Zealand  and  American 
Mining  Law— A  Contrast.  A.  C.  Veatch. 
(Min.  and  Sci.  Press.  Aug.  27.  1910;  1  ^. 
pp.)    20c. 

13  502 — MEXICO — Summer  Travel  in  Mex- 
ico. J.  A.  MacDonald.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
Sept.    10,    1910;    4   pp..    illus.)    20c. 

13..5(i3 — MINE  CAVES — ^Die  Sicherung  von 
Gebiiuden  gegen  Bergschiiden.  Brell.  (Bcrgbau. 
May   12,   1910;   4   pp.,    illus.)    40e. 

13  564— MININt!  AND  STOPING  METH- 
ODS in  the  Conir  d'Alene.  .lohn  Ty.ssowski. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn..  Sept.  3.  1910;  2% 
pp..   illus.)    20c. 

13  .-,r,5— MINING  METHODS — Top-Slicing 
Mining  Methods  at  Cananea.  Mexico.  Court- 
enay  De  Kalb.  (Min.  and  Sci.  I'ress,  Aug.  20, 
1910;    IV4     pp..    illus.)    2(ic. 

13.56G — MONTANA — Iron  Mountain  Tun- 
nel Company.  Montana.  .1.  1'.  Rowe.  (Min. 
Wld..    Sept. '17.    1910:    2  pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.^67  —  NICARA(;rA  —  Mining  in  Nicar- 
agua. T.  Lane  Carter.  (Min.  Mag..  Aug.. 
1910;   5%    pp.,   illus.)    40c. 

13  568  —  NICARAGLA  —  The  Progress  of 
Engineering  in  South  and  Central  America 
(Engineer,   Aug.   19,    1910:    1   p.) 

13  560 — PROMOTING — Methods      of 
moting    or    Financing    a     Mine. 
Nicholas.      (Min.  Wkl.,   Aug.   20, 
20c. 

13  570 TENNESSl'IE  —  Outline  Introduc- 
tion'to  the  Mineral  Resources  of  Tennessee. 
George  II.  Ashley.  (Extract  from  Bull.  2, 
State  CJeol.    Surv..   1910:   (15   pp.) 

13  571 TIMBER — ^Notes  on  Wood  PreserV- 

vation    and    Creosote    Pfoductiou    in    Europe. 
A.     Sterling.       -(rroc.,     Engrs.'     Club     of 


13,578 — SHAFT  LINING — Die  zweckmiis- 
sige  -\usbildung  des  Schact-  und  Strecken- 
ausbaues  in  Eisenbeton.  Wuczkowski.  ((Jliick- 
auf.   Apr.    10,   1910;    11%    pp..   illus.)    40c. 

13  5711  —  SII.^FT  SINKIN(;  —  Les  Creuse- 
ments  de  I'uits  speciaux  en  Miu-ts-Terrains 
Aiiuiferes  en  Belgique.  (Ann.  des  Mines  de 
Belgique,  Vol.  XV,  No.  3,  1910;  30  pp.. 
illus.) 

13.580 — SHAFT  SINKING — Das  Schacht- 
abteufen  und  die  Krafterzeugungsanlagen  der 
Kaliwerke  Hattorf.  E.  Koch.  ((ihickauf, 
.Tuly  23.  1910;  5Vi  pp..  illus.)  Shaft  sinking 
and  power  plant  a't  the  potash  salt  works  at 
Hattorf.    province    of    Hannover.      4()c. 

13  581 — STOPE  FILLING — Versuche  mit 
einer  neuen  Art  des  Bergeversatzes.  Rossen- 
beck.  (Gliickauf,  Apr.  23,  1910;  3%  PP-- 
illus. )    40C. 

13.5S2  —  SfRVEYING  —  Details  of  Mine 
Surveving.  A.  E.  Robinson.  (Min.  and  Sci. 
Press."  Sept.   3.   1910;   5%    pp..   illus.)    2(ic. 

13  583  —  SI'RVEYI.VG  —  Determination  of 
the  True  Meridian.  A.  W.  Warwick.  (Bull., 
Colo.  Sch.  of  Mines,  May,  1910:  :'.0  iip.. 
illus. )     eoc. 

13.584  —  SURVEYINt;  —  Field  and  Office 
Methods  in  a  Triangulation  and  Plane- 
Table  Survey  of  the  Ducktown  Copper  Min- 
ing District.'  Ben.1.  II.  Case.  (Eng.  News, 
Aug.   IS.   1910;    l^'i    pp., 

13,585— SCR  VEVIN(;- 
of  Midwinter  Surveying. 
Cloquet    River    Surveys 


.luly 


illus.)    20c. 

-Melhods  and  Costs 
The  St.  Louis  and 
Minnesota.        C. 


1911) :  lii   pp.. 


.\da'ms.      ( Eng.  News, 
illus.)    20c. 

13.586  —  SURVEYING  —  The  "Interval" 
Method  of  Determining  Elevations  in  Stadia 
Surveys.  Adolph  F.  Meyer.  (Eng.  News, 
Sept. '1,    1910;    3   pp..    illus.)    20c. 

13,5,97 — TlilE  SKJN.iL  for  Mines.  Albert 
E.  Wvett.  (Aus(.  Min.  and  Eng.  Rev.,  .luly 
5,    19io;    1    p.,    illus.  1    40c. 

i:j,5,SS — TUNNELING — The 
nel,    Los    Angeles    Aqueduct. 
(Mines    and    Minerals.    Sept.. 
illus.)    20c. 

t3..i89— WATER  POWERS 
of  Water  Powers.  Lewis 
iProc,  A.  I.  E.  E.,  Aug.,  1911); 
dential  address.     $1. 


13,003— SMELTERY  SMOKE — The  Cnii 
densation  of  Fume  and  the  Neutralization  nl 
Furnace  Gases.  F.  T.  Havard.  (Bull.  A.  1. 
M.    E.,    Aug.,    1910;    IfiVfe    pp.) 

13.604 — SMELTING — Hydrocarbon  Gas  vs. 
Coke  in  Smelting  Furnaces.  .John  S.  I.«dei'. 
(Min.  Wld.,  Sept.  3,  1910;  IV-  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

MINING    AND    METALLIRGICAI. 
n.VCHIXERY 

13.605 — BELT  CIINVEYER — Die  .\nhme 
eines  Gurtfdrderers  auf  Zeche  Manslield. 
Schiideling.  (Bergbau,  Apr,  14,  1910;  1  |i.. 
illus.)    20c. 

13.(;0(!  —  BELT  CONVEYER  —  The  New 
Sandvik  Steel  Belt  Conveyer  in  Use  in 
Sweden.  Alfred  Gradenwitz.  (Eng.  and 
-Min.  Journ..  Sept.  3,  1910;  3  pp..  illus.)   20c. 

13.608 — BLOWING  BNt.ilNES — Ueber  die 
Wirtscbafdiclikeit  der  verschiedenen  An- 
tiielisarlen  \  on  Stahlwerks-Cieblasemaschinen. 
Mauritz.  (Stahl  u.  Eisen,  June  22,  1910;  4% 
pp..  illus.)  Read  before  the  International 
Congress  at  Diisseldorf.  Compares  the  costs 
of  installation  and  operation  of  blowing 
engines  for  steel-works,  u.sing  as  motive 
power  steam,  gas  from  producers  or  from 
blast   furnaces,   and  electric  current.     40c. 

13.609 — (^Ot'PLINt! — Eine  neue  elastische 
Kupplung.  (Stahl  u.  Eisen.  July  20.  1910: 
2ii.  pp..  illus.)  A  new  elastic  coupling  for 
lafge  rolling  mills  and  hoisting  engines.    40c. 

13,610 — CRANES  —  Overhead  Traveling 
Cranes.  (Ind.  Mag.,  Aug.,  1910;  iV.  pp., 
illus.)      20c. 

13.611  —  DREDGE  CONSTRUCTION  — 
Neuere  Baggerkonstruktionen.  Paulmann  and 
Blaum.  iZeit.  des  Vereines  deutscher  Ing., 
July    30,    and    -\ug.    13.    1910;    17    pp..    illus.) 


Elizabeth  Tun- 
W.  C.  Aston. 
1910 ;     3     pp., 

—  Conservation 

B.      Stillwell. 

IC.  pii. )     Presi- 


OKE    DRESSING— GENERAL 


Con- 
Min. 


Phila.,  July,  1910;  21  pp.,  illus.) 

13  57"-  TRANSPORTATION  SY"STEM  for 
Montezuma  and  .\rgenliiie  .Mines  in  Summit 
County,  Colorado  Ward  Ivlgertoii.  (Mm. 
Sci.,  Aug.  IS,  1910:  2  pp.,   illus.)     20c. 

13  57,3 — TI!ANSV.\.\I.-  Notes  lui  the  Trans- 
vaal'jline  Reiiort  for  1908-09.  E.  M.  Weston. 
(Eng.  and  Miu.  Journ..  Aug.  20.  1910;  1\<, 
pp.)      2()c. 

13,574 — TUNNKl.IN'; — Construction  Aleth- 
ods  and  Organization  In  Constructing  (he  Buf- 
falo Water  Works  Tunnel.  ( Eng.-Contract- 
ing.   Aug.   17,    1910;   (i  pp.,   Illus.)    20c. 

13.575— TUNNELING — Driving  the  Lnra- 
mle-Poudre  Irrigation  Tunnel  in  Colorado. 
(Eng.  News.  July  2.8,  1910;  1  p.,  illus.)  20c. 
13,576  — SAND  I'll. LING  on  the  Witwat- 
ersrand.  Edgar  Pani.  (Journ.  Cbem.,  Met. 
and  Min.  Soc.  of  Soulh  Africa.  July.  1910; 
]  V,  pp.)  Discussion  on  (laper  previously  In- 
dexed.     60c. 

13  577  —  SHAFT     LINING  —  EIne     neue 
Schachtau.skleldiing     aus     elsenarmlerten     Be 
ton.      Frelmulh.       (BeiBbau.    Apr.    14, 
IVi    pp..    Illus.)    20c. 


13.590 — CL.\SS1F1ER  for  Use  before 
centrators.  E.  W.  Durfee.  (Eng.  and 
Journ.,    Sept.    10.    1910;    %    p.)    20c. 

13,591 — (■ONCENTUATION  —  Calculations 
of  Percentage  of  Recovery.  Theodore  J. 
Hoover.  (Min.  Mag.,  Aug.,  1910;  3%  pp., 
illus.)    40c. 

13„592— CONCENTRATION  OF  SLIME— 
11.  Edwin  A.  Sperry.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
Aug.    I.-;,    1910;    5I0    pp..   illus.)    20c. 

13  593 — CRISHERS — Comparison  of  Gyra- 
tory and  Jaw  Crushers.  II.  L.  Woilenberg. 
(Eiig.  and  Min.  Journ..  Seiit.  Id.  1910;  3 
pp.,    illus.  1    20c. 

13.594  —  DEW.\TERER  —  Description  of 
Slime  Settler  or  Dewaterer  in  I'se  al  the 
Brownhill  Consols  Gold  Mine,  Kalgoorile. 
Rolio  E.  Huntley.  (Journ..  West.  Aust. 
Chamber  of  Mines.  July  30,  1910;  3  pp., 
illus. )    80c. 

13  595 — SLIMES — The  Chemical  Control 
of  Slimes.  H.  A.  Ashley.  (Bull.  A.  I.  M.  E., 
Aug..  1910  ;   16  pp..   illus.) 

13.596  —  SLIME  TESTING  —  Method  for 
Testing  Slime.  (Jeorge  J.  Young.  I  Min.  Ma.g., 
Aug..    1910;    1  Vi    pp..    illus.)    40c. 

.1IET.*Ll.l  RGY— GENER.VI. 

13.597  —  BIi.\ST  FURNACE  —  Untersuch- 
nngen  iiber  die  Stuff-  und  Wiirmebilanz  des 
Ilochofens.  W.  G.  (Mllhausen.  ( Metal- 
lurgie.  .luly  8.  22.  and  Aug.  8  and  22.  1910; 
44  pp..  1  talilo. )  Researches  on  llie  balance 
of  material  and  licat  in  the  l)lasl  furnace. 
.$1 .40. 


lOTO  ; 


13  598  —  CHIMNEYS  —  Sloel  Chimneys. 
W.  R.  Edwards.  ( Mcdi.  Wld..  Au.g.  19. 
1910;    21,-s    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

13,599 — FERRITES — T'eber  Ferrite  und 
.\ndere  Oxydverbindungen  in  hiittenmiin- 
nisclion  Prozessen.  Kohlmever.  f Metallurgie. 
Jlay  22,   1910;   UM;   pp..  illus,)    40c. 

13.600  -FIREBRICKS  Changes  in  the 
Composidon  of  Fir(<brlcks.  Blasberg.  (Iron 
Olid  Coal  Tr.  Rev..  Aug.  26.  1910;  I-',',  i>p.) 
Paper  before  Internat.  Congress  of  Alining. 
Metallurgy,    elc.    a(    Diisseldorf.      40c. 

13.601 — SINTERING — Notes     on     Roastln 
and    Sintering    with    Particular 
(he    Dwlght    &    Lloyd    Process. 
(Journ.    .\ssn.    Eng.    Soc.    July. 
10c. 

13.602— SMELTERY— The    Tooele    Smelter 
of  the  International   Companj'.     Will   C.   Hi 
gins.      (Salt   Lake   Min    " 
•t    pp..    Illus.)    20c. 


Reference  (o 
F.  M.  SiuUn. 
1910;    7   pp.) 


Rev.,   Aug.    15,    1910; 


previously    indexed. 

MACHINE — Handbolir- 
Apr.    21,    1010:    >i    p.. 


Conclusion    of    article 

13.612— DRILLING 
maschine.  (Bergbau. 
illus. )     20c. 

13.613 — EXCAVATOR — A  New  Type  01 
Giant  Excavator.  F.  A.  Talbot.  (E'ng.  an. 
Min  Journ.,  Sept.  17,  1910;   %  p.,  illus.)   2o, 

13.614— GAS  EN(HNE — The  Two-  an. 
Four-Cvcle  Gas  Engine.  Richard  Frobot-s.' 
(Pac.    Miner.   Aug.,    1910;    1    p.,   illus.)       2(i. 

13,615 — HOIST — Tests  of  an  Ilgper  Ele, 
trie  Hoist.  U.  R.  Seeber.  (Bull.  .\.  1.  M.  K 
Sept.,    1910;    lOLj    pp..   illus.  I 

13,016 — HOISTS — Bibliography  to  Accom 
panv  I'aper  on  Electric  .Mine  Hoists.  l>.  V 
Rus'hmore  and  K.  A.  I'auly.  (Bull.  A.  I.  JI.  C 
Sept.,  1910  ;  11  pp.) 

13.617— HOISTING  ENGINES  —  Abnal' 
meversuche  an  einer  Dampffordermaschim 
((Jliickauf.  Apr.  23.  1910;  2-%  pp..  illus. 
Tests  made  previous  to  receiving  a  stean 
hoisting  engine.     40e. 

13.(;iS  —  HYDROELECTRIC  DEVEl.Ol 
MENT  of  the  Michoacan  Power  Compau: 
Irwin  C.  McBride.  (Eng.  Rec,  Aug.  27,  191e 
2  pp..  illus. )     20c. 

13  (!19  —  HYDROELECTRIC  POWER 
General  Review  of  Hydroelectric  Engineerm 
I'ractice.  Frank  Koester.  (Eng.  Mag..  Sepi 
191(1;  16  pp..  illus.)  Fifth  article  of  serb- 
dealing  with  tinancial  aspects  of  hydroelecti 
undertakings.     40c. 

13.620— HYDROELECTRIC  POWER— Tl 
Arizona  Power  Company.  R.  S.  Masson.  I  El. 
World.  Aug.  18  and  25.  1910;  9',  pii..  ilhis 
Description  of  hydroelectric  development.  1 
eluding  novel  intake,  concrete  Hume,  tunnel 
siphons  and  concrete  pipe  line.     4()c. 

13.621  — METALl.URtJICAL  E()UII'MEN 
^Die  Maschinenanlage  auf  modernen  IliitO' 
werken.  I.anger.  (Stahl  u.  Eisen.  Apr.  . 
1910:  8%   pp.)     40c. 

13.622-  MINERS'  TOOLS — Sharpening  ai 
Tempering  the  Miner's  Tools.  M.  W.  Aide, 
sou.  iMi'n.  Will..  .\ug.  6.  1910;  1  p.,  illUi- 
13.623— MINING  LOCOMOI'I  VES  ai  , 
Liquid  Fuel  :  Their  Probable  Intlueuce  on  I 
South  .\frican  Labor  Problem.  Kenneth  Ai 
tin.  (Journ.  of  the  Transvaal  Inst,  of  Mci 
E'n.grs..  Aug..  1910;  S'/j  PP-  ilHus.)     60c. 

13  624 — STE.v:M      POWIU!  — The      Cost 
Steam    Power    in    a    Mill    Plant.      Howard 
Knowlton.     (Eng.   Rec,   Aug.  13,  1910;  1  I 
20c. 

13.625  —  STEAM  TURBINES  —  Low-Pr. 
sure  Steam  Turbines  in  Mining  Plants,  I'. 
Perkins.  (Min.  Wld..  Sept.  3,  1910:  2V.<  V 
illus.  I       20c. 

13.626— STOKER      CONTUOLLER    —   T 
Tildcu   Automatic   Stoker  Controller  Used 
the  Federal  Lead  Coiupany.     (lOng.  and  Jl 
Journ.,   July  :!0,   1910:   1    p..   illus.)      20c. 

13.627-  TRANSl'ORJIER  —  Neue  Anoi 
nung  einer  Iloclis]iaunungssclial(anlage  un 
'I'age.  (Gliickauf.  Apr.  10,  1010;  1174  V 
Illus.)     40c. 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


683 


i      PERS  ONAL      1 


Mining  and  metalliu-gicat  ensineers  ai'e  in- 
vited to  keei>  The  Exiiim;khin«:  anp  Mimm". 
JoriiXAi.  informed  of  tlicir  movi'mcnts  and 
appointments. 


J.  W.  D.  Moodie,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
is  in  New  York. 

F.  A.  Heinze  will  hereafter  make  his 
headquarters  at   Butte,   Montana. 

F.  C.  Lincoln,  of  New  York,  is  on  an 
extended  trip  to  southern  Arizona,  ex- 
amining mines. 

Todd  C.  Woodworth,  manager  of  the 
Mary  Mine  at  Alamos,  Chihuahua,  Mex- 
ico, is  in  New  York. 

J.  B.  Tyrrell,  of  Toronto,  Ont.,  returned 
last  week  on  the  "Mauretania"  from  a 
short  visit  to  London. 

Charles  Graham  has  retired  from  the 
management  of  the  Princeton  colliery, 
Similkameen,  British  Columbia. 

Fayette  A.  Jones  has  been  appointed 
mining  geologist  for  the  Oriole  Gold  Min- 
ing Company,  of  Galice,  Oregon. 

Morton  Webber,  mining  engineer,  New 
York,  has  returned  to  business  after  a 
two  months'  vacation  in   Europe. 

E.  Girault,  general  manager  of  San 
Rafael  y  Anexas  Mining  Company,  of 
Pachuca,   Mexico,   is   visiting   New   York. 

T.  H.  Tipps,  of  Bridgeport,  has  been 
chosen  chairman  of  the  Texas  State  Min- 
ing Board,  in  place  of  F.  C.  Von  Rosen- 
berg, resigned. 

Dr.  William  B.  Phillips,  director  of  the 
Texas  Geological  Survey,  has  returned 
to  Austin,  Tex.,  after  making  some  mine 
examinations  in  Mexico. 

Henry  Kehoe  and  Otto  F.  Riebel,  of 
Spokane,  Wash.,  have  been  examining  the 
Standard  silver-lead  mine,  in  Slocan  Lake 
district,  British  Columbia. 

William  HoUister  has  returned  to  Cali- 
fornia after  a  couple  of  years  spent  as 
assistant  superintendent  at  the  Mina 
Gigante,  locoro,  Salvador. 

A.  Gordon  French  has  been  investigat- 
ing conditions  in  the  Nelson  and  Slocan 
districts  of  West  Kootenay,  B.  C,  with  a 
view  to  arranging  for  smelting  zinc  ores 
there. 

A.  E.  Borie  has  resigned  from  the  New 
Jersey  Zinc  Coinpany,  New  York,  to  ac- 
cept a  vict-prcsidency  of  the  Taylor  Iron 
and  Steel  Company,  High  Bridge,  New 
Jersey. 

F.  W.  Hopkins,  of  the  Mill  and  Smelter 
Engineering  Company,  New  York,  has 
returned  from  the  West,  where  he  has 
been  for  six  weeks  in  the  interests  of 
his  company. 

Walter  Bloomfield,  formerly  purchas- 
ing agent  for  the  Quincy  Mining  Com- 
pany, has  been  appointed  chief  clerk  of 
the  Lake  Company,  succeeding  Wni. 
Keast.  resigned. 

Alexander  P.  Rogers,  who  for  the  last 


three  months  has  been  in  Siberia  on  pro- 
fessional work,  will  reach  New  York 
about  Oct.  1,  returning  by  way  of  Japan 
and  San  Francisco. 

William  Keast,  formerly  chief  clerk  of 
the  Lake  Copper  Company  has  taken  the 
position  of  chief  clerk  of  the  Algomah, 
North  Lake  and  Indiana  companies,  in  the 
Lake  Superior  copper  country. 

James  McEvoy  and  R.  G.  Drinnan  have 
returned  from  an  exploring  trip  in  the 
Rocky  mountain  region  west  of  Edmon- 
ton, Alberta,  where  they  located  valuable 
coal  lands  for  a  Toronto  syndicate. 

President  Robert  E.  Harris,  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  Steel  and  Coal  Company,  and  a 
party  of  directors  recently  visited  the 
Sydney  mines  and  New  Glasgow  plants 
of  the  company  and  the  Wabana  mines, 
Newfoundland. 

Governor  Miguel  Ahumada,  formerly 
governor  of  Chihuahua.  Mexico,  and  re- 
cently of  Jalisco,  has  announced  that  he 
will  not  be  a  candidate  for  reelection,  but 
will  spend  some  time  traveling  in  the 
United  States  and  Europe. 

W.  J.  Sherwood  has  turned  the  man- 
agement of  the  Rambler  mine,  Wyoming, 
over  to  Professor  Dart,  formerly  of  the 
University  of  Wyoming,  and  with  his 
family  has  gone  to  Denver  to  finish  up 
some  business  for  the  company. 

Walter  Douglas,  general  manager  of 
the  Copper  Queen  Consolidated  Mining 
Company,  has  been  made  general  man- 
ager of  all  the  iTiining  interests  of  Phelps. 
Dodge  &  Co.  S.  W.  French  succeeds 
Mr.  Douglas  at  the  Copper  Queen. 

Charles  T.  Nicolson.  until  Sept.  I  en- 
gineer for  the  Folsom  division  of  the 
Natomas  Consolidated,  of  California,  has 
accepted  a  position  with  the  Bucyrus 
Company.  Mr.  Nicolson  sails  for  Rangoon. 
Burma,  about  Oct.  1  in  his  new  capacity. 

James  Donaldson  and  G.  W.  Theiss. 
president  and  vice-president  of  the  Mo- 
nongahela  River  Consolidated  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  have  been  inspecting 
the  company's  coal  wharves  and  stations 
at  New  Orleans  and  other  points  along 
the  Mississippi. 

The  Pittsburg  Testing  Laboratory  has 
moved  its  New  York  office  to  50  Church 
street.  Hudson  Terminal  building.  The 
company's  interests  in  New  York  and 
New  England  have  been  placed  in  the 
hands  of  William  F.  Zimmerman,  second 
vice-president  of  the  company. 

Dr.  G.  W.  Sargent,  formerly  with  the 
Carpenter  Steel  Company.  Reading, 
Penn.,  has  resigned,  and  is  now  connected, 
with  the  Crucible  Steel  Company  of 
America,  Pittsburg,  for  the  purpose  of 
deveWping  a  research  department.  He 
has  b»en  elected  a  member  of  the  board. 

S.  R.  Kaufman,  H.  D.  Dumaresq,  E. 
L.  White  and  J.  W.  Clarke,  all  directors 
in  the  Alvarado  Consolidated  Mining 
Company  and  the  Palmilla  Milling  Com- 
pany,   together   with    A.   J.    McQuatters. 


president  of  the  Alvarado  company,  have 
been  visiting  the  mines  in  the  Parral  dis- 
trict. Chihuahua,  Mexico. 


+     OB  ITUARV     + 


William  Russell  Quinan  died  at  Syd- 
ney, N.  S.  W.,  .Aug.  15,  aged  61  years. 
He  was  born  in  Maryland  and  graduated 
from  West  Point,  serving  in  the  United 
States  Army  for  several  years  and  retir- 
ing with  the  rank  of  captain.  He  studied 
the  manufacture  of  explosives,  and  be- 
came an  expert  in  high  explosives.  For 
12  years  he  managed  a  dynamite  factory 
in  California.  When  the  Cape  Explosives 
Works,  Ltd.,  was  founded  in  1899  by  the 
late  Cecil  Rhodes,  with  the  avowed  ob- 
ject of  cheap  dynamite  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  South  African  mines,  Capt. 
Quinan  was  selected  to  design  the  whole 
factory.  It  was  completed  early  in  1903 
and  manufacture  was  begun  shortly  after- 
ward. In  1908,  the  South  African  works 
having  been  thoroughly  established,  Capt. 
Quinan  went  to  Australia  to  place  the  ex- 
plosives of  the  company  on  the  local 
market. 


^  SOCiniES^^TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  :^ 


Mexican  Institute  of  Mining  and  Metal- 
lurgy— At  the  annual  business  meeting  in 
the  City  of  Mexico  last  week,  A.  Grothe 
was  reelected  president.  The  meeting 
was  closed  by  a  dinner. 

West  Virginia  Mining  Institute — It  has 
been  decided  to  hold  the  annual  meeting 
at  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  in  December.  A 
large  attendance  is  expected. 

Zacatecas  Mining  Institute — A  meeting 
was  held  in  Zacatecas.  Mexico.  Sept.  25. 
on  a  call  signed  by  P.  J.  McDonald.  C.  O. 
Gilbert,  E,  von  Gehren.  Russel  H.  Scott, 
J.  M,  Perscher  and  Doctor  Taube,  for  the 
purpose  of  organizing  a  tniners'  associa- 
tion. The  aim  of  the  association  is  first, 
the  advertisement  abroad  in  the  most  ef- 
fective and  widest  manner  of  the  many 
advantages  enjoyed  by  Zacatecas.  as  a  le- 
gitimate mining  field.  Another  purpose 
of  importance  to  be  served,  is  the  inter- 
change among  the  mining  men  of  idea.«, 
touching  the  cheapest  and  best  methods 
for  mining  and  ore  treatment. 

Wilkes-Barre  Mining  Institute — In  pur- 
suance of  the  plan  adopted  in  several  coal- 
mining centers  in  Pennsylvania,  to  en- 
able n^en  who  desire  to  become  fire- 
bosses,  assistant  foremen  and  general 
foremen  to  qualify,  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  and  the  Wilkes- 
Barre  District  Mining  Institute  are  pro- 
moting a  three-years'  course  of  instruc- 
tion. Charles  Enzian,  the  newly  ap- 
pointed engineer  for  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Mines,  will  have  supervision 
of  the  teaching  of  the  classes.  Under 
his  direction  William  D.  Thomas,  Edward 
Roberts,  Milton  Evans  and  others  will  do 
iht  actual  work  of  instruction. 


684 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     O^vn     Representatives     on 

Important      Events      From      Mar>.>^      Important 

^^      Mining     Centers    of     tlie  'World       ^^ 


^^AiS 


San   Francisco 

Sept.  2A — The  recent  sale  of  two  cele- 
brated Mother  Lode  mines  in  Tuolumne 
county — App  and  Rawhide — will,  doubt- 
less lead  to  important  and  extensive  de- 
velopment in  that  section.  These  prop- 
erties have  for  some  years  been  owned 
by  Capt.  W.  A.  Nevills,  who  sold  them 
to  a  company  represented  by  W.  H. 
Stinger.  They  have  both  been  producers 
for  years,  although  of  late  most  of  the 
work  has  been  done  on  the  App.  The 
App  is  at  Jamestown  and  the  Rawhide  at 
Rawhide,  nearby.  The  improvements 
planned  at  the  App  include  the  sinking 
of  the  shaft,  the  remodeling  of  the  60- 
stamp  mill,  and  the  addition  of  40  stamps. 
At  the  Rawhide  a  new  shaft  will  be  sunk 
at  the  north  end,  the  40-stamp  mill  will 
be  overhauled,  and  30  stamps  of  the 
Omega  mill  will  be  added.  The  ore  in 
these  two  mines  has  usually  been  of 
high  grade  for  Mother  Lode  properties, 
and  occasionally  remarkably  rich  chim- 
neys have  been  found.  The  suit  of  E.  W. 
McGraw  against  the  Rawhide  Mining 
Company  for  alleged  extraction  of  ore 
from  the  Dutch  mine  adjoining,  has  been 
dismissed  by  stipulation  on  the  report  of 
Charles  W.  Terry. 

The  revival  in  mining  in  Sierra  county 
is  not  confined  to  the  districts  around 
Alleghany  and  Forest,  although  it  was 
the  reopening  of  old  mines  at  those 
places  and  the  finding  of  exceptionally 
rich  ore,  which  again  called  attention  to 
the  mining  possibilities  in  the  county. 
Downieville  was  at  one  time  during  the 
hydraulic-mining  days,  a  very  prosperous 
place,  but  until  lately  had  been  long  in 
decadence.  The  strike  in  the  Standard 
quartz  mine  last  winter  showed  the  pos- 
sibilities of  the  vicinity  and  a  number  of 
properties  in  the  ravines  opening  out  of 
Downieville  are  being  operated  under 
lease  or  bond.  Much  prospecting  is  also 
being  done  along  the  trails  between 
Downieville  and  Forest.  In  the  section 
tributary  to  the  town,  drift  mining  in 
particular  is  active  all  along  the  Blue 
Lead  within  Sierra  county,  and  much 
capital  is  being  expended  in  driving  bed- 
rock tunnels.  It  is  estimated  that  there 
are  yet  left  in  the  county  about  200  miles 
of  virgin  gravel  channels.  Secret  canon, 
three  miles  from  Forest,  is  another  place 
becoming  active  again.  Control  of  the 
Squires  Mining  Company,  owning  a  large 
acreage,  has  passed  to  F,.  R.  Agersinger, 
.John  C.  Donnelly,  of  Sacramento,  and 
Thomas  Kirkpatrick,  of  San  Francisco, 
and  the  property  is  being  prospected. 
These  same  people  have  taken  bonds  on 


a  number  of  other  mines  in  the  vicinity. 
Alachinery  has  been  installed  and  a  mill 
will  be  built  later. 

The  old  camp  of  Howland  Flat,  near 
Table  Rock,  is  also  coming  in  for  its 
share  of  renewed  prosperity.  This  was  at 
one  time  a  productive  hydraulic-mining 
section.  It  was  only  last  year  that  the 
last  hydraulic-mining  company  quit  be- 
cause it  was  ordered  to  put  in  concrete 
dams  instead  of  log  ones.  Attention  has, 
perforce,  been  turned  to  the  lava-capped 
deposits  of  gravel,  a  number  of  which 
are  now  being  drifted.  Table  Rock  con- 
siders its  future  assured  by  the  strike  of 
rich  gravel  in  the  Sugar  Loaf  mine  near- 
by and  the  developments  in  the  new  gold 
mines  at  Sawmill  ridge  and  in  Illinois 
canon.  Good  quartz  has  been  found  in 
the  Gladstone  also. 

Fire  has  destroyed  the  mining  town  of 
Hayden  Hill,  Lassen  county,  and  about 
150  miners  have  had  to  leave,  there  being 
no  houses,  and  the  supplies  for  winter 
having  been  burned.  The  Lassen  Mining 
Company  has  had  to  close  and  work  can- 
not be  started  again  until  spring. 


Denver 

Sept.  26 — A  representative  of  the  Em- 
pire Zinc  Company  has  examined  the 
newly  discovered  bodies  of  zinc  ore  in 
the  old  workings  of  many  L^adville 
mines,  and  he  is  quoted  by  the  local  press 
as  making  the  unqualified  statement  that 
they  are  the  largest  bodies  of  oxidized 
zinc  ore  found  in  the  United  States  or 
Mexico,  that  the  extra  tonnage  will 
amount  to  several  hundred  tons  daily, 
and  that  it  will  take  several  years  of 
mining  to  exhaust  the  ore  now  in  sight. 
This  astounding  discovery  demonstrates 
the  fact  so  widely  known,  and  so  gen- 
erally disregarded,  that  every  mine  ought 
to  have  an  assay  office,  and  it  should  be 
the  business  of  the  superintendent  or  the 
foremen  to  keep  the  assayer  busy  with 
daily  samples,  and  also  the  fact  that  the 
"beautiful  walls"  of  the  lode,  that  so 
many  superintendents  are  so  proud  of, 
should  be  often  shot  into  and  crosscutted. 
Just  imagine  the  cream  of  the  mining 
talent  of  the  United  States  for  30  years 
passing  by  thousands  of  tons  of  carbonate 
of  zinc  ore,  thinking  it  was  country  rock! 

In  Cripple  Creek,  the  Golden  Cycle 
company  has  adopted  the  very  sensible 
policy  of  the  "change  room,"  and  has 
posted  notice  that  the  men  will  all  be 
expected,  on  going  to  work,  to  get  into 
their  "digging  clothes,"  and  leaving  the 
mine,  to  change  back  again.  Why  this 
has    not    been    universally    adopted    20 


years  ago  is  hard  to  understand.  In  the 
early  days  of  the  camp,  when  the  ores  ia 
the  workings  down  to,  say,  500  ft.  were 
abnormally  rich,  and  worth  dollars  per 
pound,  the  amount  of  "high  grading"  was 
tremendous,  and  it  has  continued  ever 
since  in  spots.  The  miners  themselves 
should  welcome  the  order,  instead  of  be- 
ing squeamish  about  it,  for  the  simple 
reason  that  in  a  shift  of  100  men,  99  of 
whom  are  honest,  one  thief  in  the  num- 
ber would  cause  suspicion  to  be  cast 
on  the  whole  lot;  and  as  the  company 
usually  furnishes,  or  should  furnish,  the 
jumpers  and  overalls,  the  men  are  dis- 
tinctly benefited  and  protected  from  un- 
due suspicion.  It  would  seem,  there- 
fore, that  all  honest  miners  would  wel- 
come the  new  arrangement,  arid  if  only 
in  their  own  interests,  endeavor  to  make 
it  universal.  At  the  same  time,  it  has 
been  perfectly  well  known  in  the  past 
that  the  miners  do  not  take  that  view 
of  it.  They  looked  on  it  as  a  reflection 
upon  their  honesty  as  a  body  instead  of, 
as  in  fact,  a  reflection  on  the  possible 
dishonesty  of  an  individual  who  might 
have  come  among  them.  And  so,  some 
years  ago  when  the  manager  of  one  of 
the  big  mines  at  Cripple  Creek  introduced 
the  "change  room,"  he  had  two  strikes 
on  his  hands  before  he  made  it  stick, 
which  he  did,  and  it  has  continued  in 
force   ever  since. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Sept.  26 — An  agreement  has  been  made 
between  several  Park  City  properties, 
which  will  bring  about  development  of 
ground  now  idle  in  the  southwestern 
part  of  the  camp.  A  contract  was  signed 
Sept.  20  between  the  West  Quincy  and 
Thompson  mining  companies,  on  the  one 
side,  and  the  Ontario,  Daly  and  Daly 
West  on  the  other.  By  the  terms  of  the 
contract  the  last  named  companies  agree 
to  allow  the  extension  of  their  drainage 
systems  to  the  property  of  the  Thompsori 
and  West  Quincy  mining  companies,  foi, 
drainage  and  working  purposes  in  con- 
sideration of  stock  in  the  new  consolida- 
tion of  these  two  companies.  Negotiations 
were  first  begun  about  three  years  ago. 
The  Thompson  and  West  Quincy  agree  ti 
consolidate  their  title  interests  and  organ- 
ize a  corporation  with  a  capital  stock  oi 
1,250,000  shares.  The  Thompson  com- 
pany, which  has  400,000  shares  outstand 
ing,  is  to  receive  333,333  shares,  and  thi 
West  Quincy,  285,890  shares,  being  shari 
for  share  of  the  stock  issue  of  the  com 
pany.  The  two  companies  together  OWi 
about  162  acres  adjoining  the  Daly-Judge 


4 


October   1.  1910: 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


685 


Daly  West  and  Little  Bell  properties.  The 
Ontario  is  to  receive  75,000  shares  of  the 
capital  stock,  the  Daly  West,  50,000 
shares  and  the  Daly  Mining  Company, 
75,000  shares. 

The  Daly  West  agrees  to  give  the  right 
to  the  consolidated  company  to  all  of  its 
drifts  and  tunnels  for  drainage  and  for 
the  transportation  of  ores  and  other  ma- 
terials necessary  to  the  mining  operations. 
It  will  extend  its  tunnel  at  once  on  the 
1200- ft.  level  to  the  new  company's  prop- 
erty. When  the  extension  is  made,  the 
new  company  will  continue  the  workings 
into  its  ground.  It  also  has  the  right  to 
extend  any  other  drift  or  tunnel  from  the 
Daly  West  property,  and  use  the  work- 
ings for  the  discharge  of  water  as  well  as 
for  the  transportation  of  ore.  The  Daly 
West  reserves  the  right  to  receive  and  re- 
move any  ores  encountered  in  its  develop- 
ment, so  long  as  its  operations  do  not 
:  interfere  with  those  of  the  new  company. 
If  the  latter  desires  to  use  the  hoists  and 
machinery  of  the  Daly  West,  it  shall  pay 
for  the  expense  incurred. 

The  Ontario  and  Daly  mining  compan- 
ies are  to  give  the  new  company  the  right 
to  use  the  Ontario  drain  tunnel  No.  2  or 
any  other  tunnel  for  the  discharge  of  wa- 
ter, the  water  to  become  the  property  of 
the  Ontario  and  Daly  companies  after  it 
is  discharged.  The  new  company  agrees  to 
pay  the  Ontario  and  Daly  for  the  use  of 
their  machinery  in  hoisting  the  output 
from  its  property,  and  also  will  pay  a 
royalty  on  its  ores.  The  Ontario  and  Daly 
companies  reserve  the  right  to  extend  the 
Ontario  or  any  other  tunnel  or  drift 
through  the  property  of  the  new  company 
to  any  adiacent  property.  The  new  com- 
pany agrees  not  to  mine  within  100  ft.  of 
the  boundary  lines  of  any  adjoining  com- 
pany except  the  Daly  West.  There  is  an 
express  provision  in  the  contract  that  ad- 
jacent territory  shall  not  be  benefited  by 
the  drainage  privileges,  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  Daly  West,  Daly  and  Ontario 
companies.  The  new  corporation  is  to  be 
called  the  Thompson-Quincy  Consolidated 
Mining  Company. 

Goldfield 
Sept.  26 — After  two  and  a  half  years, 
during  which  time  .S350,000  is  said  to 
have  been  mined,  the  Bullfrog-Pioneer 
lease  has  suspended  operations,  prob- 
ably permanently.  A  dividend  amounting 
to  S56,000  was  declared  at  one  time  but 
subsequent  litigation,  operating  expendi- 
tures and  the  failure  of  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  at  Rhyolite  dissipated  the 
funds  before  they  reached  the  stock- 
holders. The  control  of  the  property  is 
now  in  the  hands  of  D.  R.  C.  Brown  and 
George  Wingfield,  stockholders  of  the 
parent  company,  the  Pioneer  Consoli- 
I  dated.  The  leasing  company  has  done 
I  extensive  development  but  a  royalty  of 
25  per  cent.,  prohibited  the  extraction 
of  anything  but  high-grade  ore.  It  is 
probable    that    the    parent    company    will 


continue  operations,  and  if  sufficient  ore 
can  be  developed  through  the  three  or 
four  well  equipped  shafts  on  the  prop- 
erty, a  mill   will  be  erected. 

The  report  of  the  Tonopah-Belmont 
company  for  August,  showing  net  earn- 
ings amounting  to  .S2ll,250,  fixes  a  record 
not  only  for  this  company  but  fcr  any 
company  in  Tonopah  during  the  history 
of  the  camp.  The  Belmont  orebody  ac- 
cording to  reports  has  been  exposed  for 
450  ft.  on  the  1000-ft.  level,  700  ft.  on 
ihe  1100-ft.,  and  for  250  ft.  on  the  II66- 
ft.  level,  while  raises  at  various  points 
have  established  the  continuity  of  the 
ore  between  levels.  The  width  of  the 
vein  varies  between  14  and  40  ft.  through- 
out and  as  yet  practically  no  stoping  has 
been  done.  The  60-stamp  mill  at  Millers 
is  working  full  capacity  and  shipments 
are  being  made  to  the  smeltery. 


Cordova,  Alaska 

Sept.  20 —The  opening  of  the  Copper 
River  &  Northwestern  railway  to  Chitina 
at  milepost  135;  also  the  connecting  of 
the  railway  with  the  Fairbanks  trail  at 
Chitina,  were  celebrated  Sept.  17,  on 
which  day  a  long  train  with  materials  and 
supplies  reached  Chitina.  The  remaining 
60  miles  of  the  road  has  been  graded 
and  rails  and  bridge  steel  are  being  hur- 
ried to  the  front  in  an  effort  to  have  the 
railway  completed  to  the  Bonanza  copper 
mine  by  the  end  of  the  year. 

Prospectors  from  Knik  arm,  a  northerly 
embayment  of  Cook  inlet,  report  at  Se- 
ward the  discovery  of  a  new  field  of 
bituminous  coal  that  promises  to  prove 
of  larger  area  than  that  at  Matanuska. 
The  latter  lies  about  25  miles  from  tide- 
water "at  Knik  arm  and  covers  a  total 
known  area  of  46'2  square  miles.  The 
known  commercially  valuable  coals  of  the 
Matanuska  field  vary  in  quality  from  a 
sub-bituminous  to  a  semi-bituminous, 
with  some  anthracite,  and  the  beds  range 
from  5  to  36  ft.  in  thickness.  A.  H. 
Brooks,  who  has  lately  completed  a  fur- 
ther study  of  the  Matanuska  field,  is  tak- 
ing  steps   to   investigate. 

Shipments  of  gold  from  Haiditarod  are 
much  in  excess  of  forecasts  of  miners 
who  returned  South  when  the  season's 
yield  was  estimated  at  not  more  than 
,S70,000.  The  Miners  and  Merchants'  Bank 
at  Haiditarod  has  already  made  ship- 
ments, of  which  three  have  reached  the 
U.  S.  Assay  Office,  Seattle,  as  follows: 
Aug.  15,  .•=;53,820:  Sept.  12,  $82,884;  Sept. 
19.  $82,858;  total.  ,$220,526.  Other  ship- 
ments are  en  route. 


Cobalt 


have  been  accurately  sampled,  and  part 
of  the  ore  from  development,  goes  to 
a  small  2-stamp  mill,  from  which  accu- 
rate records  are  kept.  Diamond  drilling 
has  proved  gold  at  a  depth  of  300  ft. 
Although  working  under  great  difficulties, 
over  900  ft.  of  underground  development 
has  been  accomplished. 

The  Timmins  property  is  also  showing 
up  in  a  remarkable  manner.  This  prop- 
.?rty  employs  130  men,  a"d  with  the  high 
cost  of  supplies,  the  expense  is  heavy.  A 
2-stamp  mill  is  in  operation,  which  treats 
only  a  small  part  of  the  ore  produced  in 
development;  but  the  returns  are  never- 
theless sufficient  to  cover  the  entire  ex- 
pense of  running  the  property  and  to 
leave  a  surplus  besides. 

There  is  great  indignation  expressed  in 
the  Gowganda  and  Elk  Lake  districts, 
over  the  failure  of  the  Government  to 
complete  the  road  between  Charlton  and 
Elk  Lake.  The  contractors  were  ordered 
to  stop  work  as  it  was  believed  that  driv- 
ing over  it  in  the  autumn  and  next  spring 
would  spoil  it. 

Competition  on  the  Porcupine  trail  has 
been  the  means  of  effecting  a  very  ma- 
terial reduction  in  freight  rates.  A  short 
time  ago  the  rate  was  $6  per  hundred- 
weight, but  now  goods  can  be  brought  in 
for  $2.75  and  $3. 

Mr.  Benson,  president  of  the  Bailey 
property  and  one  of  the  heaviest  share- 
holders, is  erecting  a  small  smelting  plant 
at  the  mine  to  treat  the  ore  which  the 
company  shortly  expects  to  start  mining. 
The  process  was  worked  out  by  Mr.  Ben- 
son and  the  experiments  were  carried  on 
in  the  shops  of  the  Pullman  Car  Com- 
pany. Two  oil-burning  furnaces,  each 
having  a  capacity  of  six  large  crucibles, 
will  be  installed.  No  information  is  avail- 
able as  to  the  process,  the  cost  of  treat- 
ment, the  percentage  of  extraction  or  ca- 
pacity of  the  plant. 


Sept.  24— The  directors  of  the  Dome 
Mining  Company,  Porcupine,  have  de- 
cided to  erect  a  40-stamp  mill  as  soon  as 
transportation  facilities  will  permit.  This 
company  has  spent  $200,000  practically 
all  in  proving  the  property.    All  the  veins 


Toronto 

Sept.  27 — Four  hundred  tons  of  peat 
prepared  at  the  Government  plant  at  Al- 
fred, Ont.,  have  been  shipped  to  Ottawa. 
A  portion  of  it  is  being  used  at  the  gov- 
ernment fuel-testing  plant  and  at  the 
Public  Works  Department,  and  the  re- 
mainder was  sold  off  in  small  lots  at  $3.25 
per  ton  to  citizens  desirous  of  trying  it.  A 
large  number  of  orders  were  filled  and 
the  demand  was  so  great  that  300  tons 
more  have  been  ordered. 

Alfred  W.  G.  Wilson,  of  the  Mines 
Blanch,  Ottawa,  who  has  been  investigat- 
ing the  copper  resources  of  eastern  Can- 
ada during  the  summer,  has  returned  to 
Ottawa.  He  states  as  regards  the  copper 
deposits  of  New  Brunswick,  that  the  ore 
does  not  occur  in  such  quantities  or  rich- 
ness as  would  make  its  exploitation  com- 
mercially successful.  There  may  be  small 
pockets  of  excellent  quality  but  in  these 
cases  there  is  not  enough  ore  in  sight  to 
warrant  mining  operations. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


y 


THE  MINING  NEWS  ^^ 


Reports  of  Ne^v  Enterprises,  Ne-w  Machinery, 
Ins tallations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   C\xrrent   History  of.  Mining" 


.--■->>a3 


Alaska 

Seward  is  excited  over  the  richest 
quartz  strike  ever  reported  in  that  section. 
Two  prospectors  reached  town  bringing 
100  lb.  of  quartz  rich  with  gold.  It  is 
said  to  be  a  true  fissure  vein,  and  was 
found  in  the  Moose  Pass  country. 

Charles  C.  Hubbard  has  taken  an  op- 
tion on  the  placer  ground  of  C.  G.  Cun- 
ningham, at  the  head  of  Kenai  river.  As 
the  ground  is  covered  by  water  most  of 
the  year.  Mr.  Hubbard  is  considering 
the  installation  of  a  dredge  for  next  sea- 
son. 

Arthur  Wakefield  has  taken  a  bond  on 
about  2000  acres  on  Dahl  island,  near 
Ketchikan,  said  to  contain  valuable  mar- 
ble. 

Lone  de  Van — Arthur  Lonsdorf  is 
working  this  property  on  Gregory  inlet, 
and  has  equipped  it  with  machinery. 

Mt.  Andrew — This  property,  one  of  the 
best  equipped  mines  of  southeastern 
Alaska,  under  the  management  of  Harry 
Bellen,  is  shipping  about  1500  tons  per 
month  to  Ladysmith. 

Governor — This  property,  on  Fairbanks 
creek,  is  owned  by  Cook  Brothers.  A  new 
30-in.  vein  has  been  discovered. 

Jerome — Active  work  is  being  done 
upon  this  lode  in  the  Bonnifield  country. 
This  property  is  owned  by  Messrs.  Hess, 
Gardner  and  Crawford. 

Alaska-Treadwell — For  the  month 
ended  Aug.  15:  Tons  crushed,  86,184; 
total  product,  $197,268;  operating  ex- 
penses, S100,972;  net  operating  profit, 
586,930;  construction  expenses,  $32,515; 
yield  per  ton,  S2.29. 

Alaska  United — For  the  month  ended 
Aug.  15  at  Ready  Bullion  and  "700" 
mills:  Tons  crushed,  38,066;  total  pro- 
ducts, $80,706;  operating  expenses,  S49,- 
120;  net  operating  profit,  $27,169;  yield 
per  ton,  $2.01  and  S2.25  respectively. 


Alabama 

Watt  Brown  has  purchased  1500  acres 
of  coal  land  in  St.  Clair  county,  and 
will  begin  development  on  three  mines. 

Machinery  is  being  placed  by  the 
Birmingham  Coal  and  Iron  Company  at 
its  Vanderbilt  furnace  plant,  near  Birm- 
ingham. Within  a  short  time  both  fur- 
naces will  be  put  in  operation  at  the  same 
time.  Heretofore  there  has  not  been 
enough  blowing  power. 

The  old-time  output  is  being  obtained 
by  Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Com- 
pany, from  its  Sloss  ore  mines,  which 
were  flooded  by  an  underground  stream. 


The  company  placed  powerful  pumps  and 
the  mining  is  going  on  as  actively  as  be- 
fore. 


Arizona 

Dei'elopmeni  Company  of  America — 
This  company  will  issue  $1,500,000  6  per 
cent,  one-year  collateral  notes  which  will 
be  offered  for  subscription  at  par  to 
the  security  holders  of  this  company  ana 
those  of  two  of  its  subsidiaries,  the  Im- 
perial Copper  Company  and  the  Tomb- 
stone Consolidated  Mines  Company. 
Funds  derived  from  the  proceeds  of  the 
sale  will  be  used  to  mee.  the  company's 
requirements,  including  the  July  interest 
on  its  bonds  and  also  to  make  advances 
to  subsidiaries.  The  Tombstone  bond- 
holders will  be  asked  to  subscribe  to 
about  $300,000  of  the  new  notes,  while 
Imperial  stock  and  bondholders  will  be 
asked  to  take  $200,000.  Between  S8,- 
000,000  and  $9,000,000  has  been  expended 
in  acquiring  title,  development  and  equip- 
ment of  the  Imperial  and  Tombstone 
properties.  Building  of  the  Port  Lobos 
railroad  will  furnish  a  water  outlet  for 
the  Imperial  company's  mines  and 
smeltery  and  would  place  this  plant  in 
a  position  to  handle  ore  from  the  west 
coast  of  Mexico  and  South  America,  now 
shipped  to  Vancouver.  The  balance  sheet 
as  of  Aug.  31,  shows  that  the  company's 
obligations,  including  July  1  bond  in- 
terest, amounted  to  $2,317,818,  which  in- 
cludes final  payment  on  the  Saddle  Moun- 
tain property  and  completion  of  agree- 
ment with  the  London  Arizona  Copper 
Company. 

Cochise  County 

The  California  mining  district  is  active 
and  the  prospects  for  a  producing  camp 
are  reported  good. 

Bisbee-Sonora — This  development  com- 
pany in  the  California  district  has  been 
developing  for  four  years.  It  is  driving  a 
crosscut  tunnel  to  tap  the  contact  orebody 
at  a  depth  of  700  ft.  A  compressor  and 
drills  will  be  installed. 

Manhattan — It  is  reported  that  this  Du- 
k'.th-owned  property  in  the  California  dis- 
trict will  resume.  It  adjoins  the  Bisbee- 
Sonora. 

Whiietail — This  company  will  erect  a 
50-ton  mill  at  Paradise  according  to  re- 
port of  F.  W.  Flanigan  of  Stanton,  Tex., 
vice-president.  The  property  is  two  miles 
from  the  Bisbee-Sonora  in  the  California 
district  and  will  be  actively  developed. 
The  shaft  is  down  70  ft.  on  a  7-ft.  ore- 
body. 

California  &  Paradise — This  California 


District  property  has  installed  a  hoist.  The 
shaft  is  down  160  feet. 

CocoNiMO  County 
Mint — This  new  company  is  developing 
a  gold  property  in  the  Skull  Valley  dis- 
trict.    Frank  D.  Shea  is  president. 

Gila  County 

Live  Oak — The  effort  of  a  minority 
stock  interest  to  secure  control  with  the 
view  of  close  affiliation  with  the  General 
Development  Company  has   failed. 

Lost  Gulch  United  Mines — Operations 
on  this  gold  property  are  at  a  standstill, 
owing  to  lack  of  water  to  run  the  10- 
stamp  mill.    J.  T.  Harrington  is  president. 

Miami — The  company  is  operating  only 
seven  machine  drills  underground  and 
beside  the  force  at  work  constructing  the 
concentrator  and  powerhouse,  is  net  em- 
ploying over  200  men.  All  the  under- 
ground work  is  being  done  on  and  above 
the  420-ft.  level,  where  several  haulage 
drifts  tributary  to  the  main  one  are  be- 
ing completed.  Two  raises  also,  are  be- 
ing put  up  from  the  420-ft.  level  to  the 
large  dump  at  the  main  shaft,  known 
as  the  Red  Rock.  The  first  ore  ex- 
tracted after  Jan.  1,  1911,  when  the  con- 
centrator is  expected  to  begin,  will  come 
from  shaft  No.  2.  Three  churn  drills  are 
sinking  holes  around  the  outer  edges  of 
the  orebody  as  developed  by  the  under- 
ground workings  and  in  some  cases  not- 
able extensions  of  ore  are  being  proved. 

inspiration — At  the  Inspiration  proper- 
ty a  nv'irber  o*  drifts  are  being  driven 
to  connect  the  A-orkings  of  the  Joe  Bush, 
Scorpion  and  Colorado  shafts.  About 
430  ft.  of  driving  will  be  necessary  to 
connect  the  Joe  Bush  and  Scorpion  shafts 
on  the  tunnel  level  and  about  900  ft.  will 
have  to  be  done  before  the  Colorado 
shaft  is  connected  with  the  other  two. 
On  the  400-ft.  level  of  the  Joe  Bush  shaft 
six  drifts  are  being  driven  north  and 
south  in  the  course  of  blocking  out  the 
ore.  The  experimental  mill  of  75-tons 
capacity,  built  near  the  Joe  Bush  shaft, 
will  be  ready  to  operate  in  about  a  month. 

Graham  County 

Shannon — August  figures  show  net 
earnings  of  $28,000,  which  will  bring  net 
figures  for  the  fiscal  year  up  to  about 
$180,000.  Net  cost  for  copper  of  10'<c., 
due  to  the  treatment  of  the  higher-grade 
ores  opened  below  the  ore-tunnel  level, 
was  reported. 

Yuma  County 

Clara  Consolidated-— The  operation  of 
the  smeltery  was  resumed  Sept.  23,  after 
a  shutdown  for  repairs  and  additions. 


October  I,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


687 


California 

Amador  County 

Lincoln  Consolidated — The  reopening 
of  this  Sutter  Creek  mine  is  proceeding 
rapidly,  the  machinery  having  been  re- 
paired and  the  shaft  put  down  125  ft. 
where  water  was  found.  The  new  elec- 
tric pump  has  been  started. 

Bunker  Hill — At  this  mine,  Amador 
City,  grading  has  begun  for  the  additional 
20  stamps,  making  40  stamps  in  all.  The 
cleanup  for  August  was  $24,000. 

Jose  Gulch — This  company  at  Jackson 
has  leased  its  mine  at  Butte  to  H.  H. 
Mandigo  and  C.  E.  Brown,  of  Mokelumne 
Hill. 

Kennedy  Extension — The  Mercantile 
Trust  Company,  of  San  Francisco,  has 
guaranteed  the  issue  of  bonds  of  this 
company  at  Jackson  to  the  value  of  $250,- 
000. 

'  Hu.MBOLDT  County 

Horse  Mountain — The  copper  deposits 
of  this  company  are  extensive.  The  com- 
pany will  this  fall  build  four  miles  of 
road,  connecting  with  the  county  road, 
and  next  spring  ore  will  be  shipped. 
Asbestos  has  been  discovered  on  the 
I    property. 

Nevad.\  County 

Erie — A  concentrating  plant  has  been 
added  to  the  mill  at  this  mine  and  an  as- 
say office  built.  Twenty  stamps  of  the  mill 
are  running  and  the  10  stamps  are  being 
put  in  order.  The  Erie  vein,  which,  in 
some  places  is  40  ft.  wide,  has  been  in- 
tersected. 

Delhi — J.  H.  English  has  repaired  the 
chlorination  plant  at  this  mine.  Washing- 
ion,  and  the  plant  has  been  accepted  by 
IVlanager  Hamilton  Eddie.  The  shaft  is 
being  sunk. 

Black  Bear — This  mine,  a  few  miles 
from  Grass  Valley,  J.  H.  English,  super- 
intendent, will  be  reopened,  the  litigation 
having  been  amicably  settled.  A  com- 
pressor has  been  installed  and  a  10-stamp 
mill  is  nearly  completed.  There  is  a  700- 
ft.  tunnel  and  a  300-ft.  shaft  on  the  mine. 
The  shaft  will  be  pumped  out  and  deep- 
ened and  larger  pumps  put  in. 

Golden  Dream — A  crew  of  men  has 
been  started  on  this  river-bed  mine  on  the 
Yuba  river. 

Pittsburg — A  start  has  been  made  in 
sinking  the  shaft  of  this  Nevada  City 
mine  from  the  1150  to  the  1350  level. 
The  Pittsburg  is  now  using  electric  power, 
water  being  only  used  in  the  lO-stamp 
mill,  which  is  running  on  good  ore. 

PluiMAs  County 
Horse-Shoe  Bend—W.  E.  Oddie  is 
opening  this  river  claim  on  the  Middle 
Fork  of  Feather  river  with  T.  C.  Halstead 
as  manager.  The  tunnel  being  run  will 
I  drain  the  river  into  it.  leaving  bare  a 
certain  amount  of  river  bed.  Burleigh 
drills  will  be  installed. 


Rost   Quart: — At   this   mine   on    Pooi 
man's  creek,  a  new  Knight  ball  mill  ha« 
been  installed. 

Dixie  Queen — This  mine,  at  Round 
lake,  owned  by  Sullivan  &  Lavezola  and 
under  bond  to  Martin  Miller,  is  making  a 
good  showing  of  free-gold  ore  from  the 
vein  in  the  tunnel. 

Gold  Mountain — This  company  on  Wil- 
low creek  near  Buck,  has  completed  its 
pipe  line  for  bringing  in  water  for  hy- 
draulicking.  G.  W.  Fagg  is  superinten- 
dent. 

Squirrel  Creek — The  mine  of  George 
Penman  and  John  Dutre  at  this  place  is 
worked  by  ground  sluicing  through  a  500- 
ft.  flume.  Several  new  companies  are 
operating  quartz  claims  along  Squirrel 
creek. 

San  Benito  County 

The  quicksilver  mine,  owned  by  A.  I. 
Leonard,  a  mile  from  the  New  Idria,  will 
shortly  start.  Work  is  being  pushed  on 
the  modern  furnaces. 

Shasta  County 

Mammoth — The  smeltery  is  running 
two  furnaces  and  will  not  increase  this 
capacity  for  some  time. 

First  National — One  furnace  will  prob- 
ably be  blown  in  Sept.  20  when  it  is  ex- 
pected that  the  Cottrell  process  for  elim- 
inating the  fume  nuisance  will  have  been 
installed.  It  will  probably  be  Oct.  i 
before  the  plant  is  running  full  capacity. 

Victoria — The  new  mill  of  this  mine, 
at  Harrison  gulch,  will  be  soon  completed. 
Drifting  has  been  done  for  several  hun- 
dred feet  on  the  Gold  Hill  vein,  which 
crosses  both  the  Midas  and  Victor  claims. 

Sierra  County 

South  Fork — This  company  has  started 
a  shaft  on  the  Amethyst  mine  at  Forest 
in  hope  of  striking  a  north  extension  of 
the  Tightner  vein. 

Rio  Antiqua — The  South  Fork  placer  is 
being  operated  by  this  company  under 
lease,  a  bedrock  tunnel  a  mile  long  hav- 
ing been  run  to  catch  the  Bald  Mountain 
channel. 

North  Fork — In  reopening  this  property 
to  recover  the  vein  of  the  Uncle  S^m  bo- 
nanza, the  incline  has  reached  700  ft. 
and  a  hoist  of  larger  capacity  will  be  in- 
stalled.    George  T.  Stone  is  manager. 

Omega — This  drift-gravel  mine  has  had 
to  close  owing  to  a  water  shortage. 

Roosevelt — A  strike  has  been  made  in 
this  claim  at  Mountain  View,  three  miles 
from  Forest.  The  vein  is  6  ft.  wide  and 
carries  arsenical  sulphides  as  well  as  free 
gold. 

Ti'oi.i'MNK  County 

At  Italian  camp  place  a  group  of  mines 
owned  by  Joseph  Roleri  and  others  is  be- 
ing opened.  A  four-stamp  mill  is  being 
installed. 

Mohican — At   this   Tuolumne  property. 


repairs  have  been  made  to  the  mill  and 
the  mine  will  soon  be  a  producer  again. 
Eaglc-Shaivmut^T\\s  report  that  high- 
grajie  ore  has  been  found  in  this  mine 
at  Chinese,  was  erroneous.  The  workings 
are^still  in  low-grade  ore  and  the  mine 
continues  to  be  run  at  a  loss,  but  with 
the  hope  of  finding  good  ore  again. 


Colorado 

Boulder  County 

It  is  reported  that  the  Swarthmore  tun- 
nel at  Eldora,  now  driven  1600  ft.,  has  cut 
a  vein  1000  ft.  below  the  surface  8  ft. 
in  width,  30  in.  of  which  mills  S25  per 
ton,  and  18  in.  of  it  S900  per  ton,  chiefly 
gold. 

Lost  Lake — This  mine,  in  the  same  belt, 
is  working  15  men,  and  shipping  $40  ore 
by  the  carload.    Wilson  Davis  is  manager. 

Chaffee  County 
Monarch-Madonna — This  company,  op- 
erating at  Monarch,  reports  the  sale  of 
27  cars  of  ore  from  the  sixth  level  dur- 
ing July,  the  proceeds  of  which  were 
$14,454.  The  mine  expenses  were  S3911 
and  royalties  ,S3408.  leaving  a  cash  sur- 
plus of  S7K34.  Kenneth  E.  Burton, 
Salida,  is  manager. 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 

Gambetta — From  this  mine,  on  Repub- 
lican mountain,  Georgetown,  two  cars  of 
zinc  ore  per  month  are  being  shipped  to 
Oklahoma.  The  width  of  the  streak  va- 
ries from  10  to  30  in.,  and  carries  50  per 
cent.  zinc.  This  mine  is  awaiting  the  run- 
ning of  the  Malm  electrochemical  mill  be- 
fore installing  a  plant. 

Pelican — The  Burleigh  company,  leaser 
at  Georgetown,  sent  out  a  car  of  300-oz. 
silver  ore  last  week  from  the  Pelican  ore- 
body,  said  to  be  5  ft.  wide. 

Morgan — This  lode  at  Idaho  Springs 
shows  in  a  shaft  10  ft.  deep  ore  that  runs 
$25  to  $50  per  ton  according  to  report.  It 
will  be  developed  at  depth  with  a  tunnel 
300  ft.  long  already  driven  75  feet. 

Old  Town — This  mine,  which  is  being 
worked  by  Pike  &  Co.,  leasers,  through 
the  Newhouse  tunnel,  has  shipped  20  tons 
of  .$50  smelting  ore. 

Treasure  Vault— A  carload  of  ore  from 
this  mine  to  the  local  sampler  gave  re- 
turns of  4  oz.  gold  per  ton.  A  shipment 
of  24  tons  of  third-grade  ore  made  to  the 
Mixsell  mill  yielded  12  oz.  gold  on  the 
plates  and  two  tons  of  $50  concentrates. 

Gunnison  County 
United    Colorado— The    company    has 
suspended  operations  temporarily. 

San  Juan  District 

rnVftv— This  mine,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Danville  Leasing  Company,  is 
producing  a  car  per  week  of  lead,  copper- 
silver  ore,  that  will  run  $110  a  ton. 

Shenendoah— This  mine,  on  the  Trilby 
lead,  is  working  under  lease  and  produc- 
ing sulphide  ore. 


688 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  6,  1910. 


Kankakee — This  mine,  at  Bear  creek,  is 
getting  out  a  rich  ore  while  drifting  under 
the  shoots  discovered  on  the  surface  this 
spring. 

Kansas  City — This  mine,  in  Georgia 
gulch,  is  shipping  lower-grade  copper  ore 
of  S50  value   per  ton. 

Old  Green  Mountain — This  mine,  closed 
10  years  ago  on  account  of  zinc  in  the 
ore,  is  now  working  with  a  10-stamp  mill, 
running  some  of  the  dumps,  from  one  of 
which  sphalerite  ore,  carrying  over  50 
per  cent,   zinc   is  being  extracted. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Dante — M.  B.  Rapp,  lessee  on  Dante 
No.  2  shaft,  shipped  1700  lb.  of  ore  this 
week  that  yielded  at  the  rate  of  S647  to 
the  ton,  and  650  lb.  realized  at  the  rate 
of  $380  to  the  ton.  The  ore  is  sylvanite, 
and  carries  from  19  to  32  oz.  gold  to 
the  ton. 

Jerry  Johnson — For  the  year  ended 
Aug.  31,  the  Jerry  Johnson  mine,  on  Iron- 
clad hill,  produced  12,460  tons  of  gold 
ore,  with  a  gross  value  of  S279.361.  The 
company  received  S31,230  in  royalties. 
Last  December  a  dividend  was  paid  of 
$25,000,  and  the  balance  in  the  treasury 
amounts  to  $44,393.  Edwin  Gaylord,  of 
Denver,  is  the  lessee. 

Golden  Cycle — This  mine  has  the  deep- 
est shaft  in  the  district,  1680  ft.,  which 
will  now  be  sunk  to  1710  feet. 


Idaho 

CoEUR  d'Alene  District 
Callahan — This    lead-silver    mine     has 
been  sold  by  J.  F.  and  John  Callahan,  to 
J.  H.  Roberts,  of  Duluth.     A  contract  for 
1000  ft.  of  development  has  been  let. 

Lum  Ferguson — This  group  of  lead- 
silver  claims  has  been  sold  to  H.  P.  Mc- 
Guire,  of  Seattle,  for  $40,000. 

Indiana 

Gibson  County 
Operations  in  the  high-grade  oilfields 
for  the  week  show  the  most  active  week 
of  the  year.  Wells  that  are  being  com- 
pleted in  old  developed  territory  are 
found  to  be  good  producers.  The  bulk 
of  the  development  is  in  the  southwest 
part  of  the  county.  A  test  well  com- 
pleted at  1400  ft.  is  producing  20  bbl.  a 
day.  The  fact  that  this  well  is  far  re- 
moved from  other  producers  makes  it 
valuable.  New  ventures  arc  starting  all 
around  the  new  well.  While  the  lately 
completed  wells  are  producing  on  an  av- 
erage of  75  bbl.  per  day  against  100  per 
day  by  the  early  wells,  the  interest  in- 
creases and  the  work  of  drilling  multi- 
plies. Ten  new  wells  were  completed 
during  the  week. 

Owen  County 
Eel  River  Block  Coal  Company — This 
is   the   name   of  a  new   mining   company 
incorporated  to  mine  coal  and  other  min- 


erals. The  first  shaft  will  be  sunk  in 
Owen  county  with  principal  offices  in 
Coal  City.  John  J.  Smith,  Washington; 
Charles  and  Curtis  A.  Smith,  Coal  City, 
directors. 

SuLLiy.^N  County 
Fifteen  damage  suits  for  personal  in- 
juries, aggregating  $90,000,  against  the 
Alliance  Coa!  Mining  Company,  and 
$75,000  against  the  Consolidated  Indiana 
Coal  Mining  Company,  have  been  filed 
in  the  circuit  court.  In  a  majority  of  the 
complaints  the  injuries  are  alleged  to 
have  been  due  to  falling  slate. 

Vanderburc  County 
The  State  mine  inspector,  through  his 
deputy  William  Sams,  has  ordered  the 
Banner  coal  mine  closed  on  the  ground 
that  the  management  has  repeatedly 
failed  to  live  up  to  the  State  mining  laws. 

Kentucky 

Consolidated  Kentucky  Coal  Company 
— This  company,  headed  by  J.  C.  C. 
Mayo,  of  Paintsville,  Ky.,  has  bought 
10,000  acre  sof  coal  land  in  the  eastern 
district  of  Kentucky  and  is  arranging  to 
begin   work  on  its  development. 

Haly  Coal  Company — This  company, 
of  Lexington,  Ky.,  has  bought  the  lands 
owned  by  the  Lost  Creek  Coal  Com- 
pany, with  some  adjoining  tracts  in 
Letcher,  Pike  and  Leslie  counties.  Plans 
for  opening  mines  are  now  being  pre- 
pared. 

Jewell- J  ellico  Coal  Company  —  This 
company  has  been  organized  to  develop 
coal  lands  in  Whitey  county.  The  office 
is  at  Barboursville,  Ky.  Surveys  of  the 
property  are  being  made. 

Michigan 

Copper 

Calumet  &  Hecla — The  repairs  at  the 
Red  Jacket  shaft  are  about  completed. 

Ojibway — Sinking  is  going  forward  in 
both  shafts.  No.  1  shaft  is  down  1300  ft. 
No.  2  shaft  is  down  1530  feet. 

Isle  Royale — Operations  at  "A"  shaft 
on  the  Baltic-Superior  lode  are  confined 
to  drilling  from  the  south  drift  of  the 
750-ft.  level  to  determine  the  value  of 
a  strip  of  copper  rock  cut  in  the  opening 
of  this  drift.  The  hole  driven  horizontally 
toward  the  east  from  this  level  has  been 
discontinued  after  penetrating  the  sand- 
stone for  200  ft.  At  the  main  mine.  No. 
2  shaft  is  sinking  below  the  28th  level 
while  at  the  new  shafts,  Nos.  4^  5  and  6 
lateral  openings  are  being  extended. 

Cliff — The  opening  on  the  Kearsarge 
lode  is  down  40  ft.  and  it  is  expected 
that  the  lode  will  be  encountered  soon. 
Drill  cores  from  this  lode  on  the  Cliff 
lands  showed  mineralization. 

Twin  Lakes— Tht  company  continues 
operating  one  drill  on  section  28.  Work 
on  sections  23  and  27  has  been  stopped 
without  revealing  anv  mineral.  The 
treasury    is    about    depleted    and    unless 


some  encouraging  results  are  obtained  in 
the  drill  on  section  28  it  is  likely  that 
the  options  will  lapse.  This  company  was  , 
organized  as  an  exploratory  company  to  'I 
develop  the  lands  in  the  above  sections 
near  the  Elm  River  and  Wyandotte  tracts, 
but  from  results  obtained  it  is  evident  that 
it  lies  too  near  the  sandstone  formation. 

Iron  j 

That  the  Marquette  range  for  miles 
west  of  Ishpeming,  extending  to  Michi- 
gamme  and  beyond,  will  be  thoroughly 
tested  with  diamond  drills  the  next  tew 
years  now  seems  certain. 

Newport — This  Ferdinand  Schles- 
inger  mine,  on  the  Gogebic  range,  will 
ship  this  year  m.ore  than  a  million  tons  of 
ore.  The  Newport  is  the  biggest 
producer  on  the  Gogebic,  as  well  as  one 
of  the  largest  underground  mines  in  the 
Lake  Superior  iron  region.  Not  infre- 
quently upward  of  600  six-ton  skips  are 
hoisted  to  surface  through  a  single  shaft 
in  a  10-hour  shift,  from  a  depth  of  2000 
ft.  or  more.  The  mine  is  the  deepest 
on  the  range. 


Minnesota  | 

Oliver — Work  has  started  on  stripping 
the  ground  formerly  occupied  by  the 
machine  shops.  This  will  connect  the 
Hull-Rust  with  the  Sellers  mine  and 
make  a  continuous  pit  over  three  miles 
long.  The  overburden  is  about  80  ft.  at 
this  point. 

La  Rue — Work  has  been  discontinued 
temporarily  at  this  Nashwauk  mine. 

Utica — The  new  hoisting  plant  is  now 
in  commission.  This  replaces  the  one 
burned  last  June.  Robert  Murray,  Hibb- 
ing,  is  superintendent. 

Shenango — The  new  steel  head  frame 
at  the  Webb  mine  is  nearing  completion. 
The  new  shaft  is  timbered  with  steel.  A 
new  power  plant  and  hoisting  machinery 
are  being  installed.  Frank  Kennedy, 
Chisholm,  is  engineer. 


Montana 

Butte  District 

Butte  &  Superior — The  directors  of  the 
company    have  authorized   $1,000,000   of 
10-year,    6    per    cent,    semi-annual    con- 
vertible,    refunding     and     improvement 
bonds.     The  stockholders  will   have  the  • 
prior   right   to    subscribe    on    a    pro   rata 
basis.    There  is  already  a  S500.000  bond 
issue   outstanding,    part    of    which    ma- 
tures Jan.  1,  1911,  and  the  balance  Jan. 
I,    1913.       The    mine    is   producing   200 
tons   daily.     The   gravity   tramway,    1287 
ft.  in  length,  is  being  used  successfully 
to   convey   the   ore   by    means   of   3-ton      , 
skips,  from  the  mine  to  the  Great  North-     I 
ern  spur.  ' 

Pilot  Buttr  Mining  Company — This 
company  has  been  organized  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $1,000,000  by  P.  H.  Nelson,  of 
Duluth,  John  A.  Percival,  of  Minneapolis, 


October  1,  U>10. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


689 


Edward  Hickey.  Patrick  Sheehan  and  J. 
W.  Pratt,  of  Butte.  Thomas  E.  Murray,  of 
St.  Paul,  N.  J.  Bielenberg,  of  Deed  Lodge 
and  William  P.  Jahn  and  O.  C.  Trostel.  of 
Milwaukee.  The  new  company  will  pay 
off  the  debts  of  the  old  Pilot  Butte  Cop- 
per Alining  Company  and  receive  all  its 
property.  The  Pilot  claim  is  developed 
by  a  530-ft.  three-compartment  shaft.  It 
is  near  W.  A.  Clark's  Elm  Orlu  and 
Poser  claims  and  the  Butte  &  Superior. 
Patrick  Sheehan.  superintendent  of  the 
Tuolumne  company,  will  also  have  charge 
of  the  Pilot  operations. 

Butte  &  Veronica — In  the  case  of 
Northern  Pacific  against  this  company. 
Federal  Judge  Rasch  has  issued  a  tem- 
porary injunction  preventing  the  mining 
company  from  mining  within  the  railway- 
company  yards  in  Butte. 

North  Butte — A  station  is  being  cut  on 
the  2400-ft.  level  and  the  sump  extends 
about  100  ft.  below.  About  1500  tons  are 
being  shipped  daily  An  excavation  is 
being  made  for  the  foundation  of  a  "chip- 
pie" engine,  which  will  be  considerably 
larger  than  the  one  now  in  use.  The  pol- 
icy of  the  Anaconda  company  in  laying 
off  the  men  on  Sundays  took  effect  al 
the  Speculator  recently.  The  manage- 
ment is  pursuing  a  policy  of  developmeni 
rather  than  production  and,  while  the  out- 
put is  normal,  the  development  has  been 
increased.  It  is  understood  that  the  ex- 
ploration done  from  the  shaft  of  the  Dia- 
mond mine  has  disclosed  40  ft.  of  cop- 
per ore  at  a  depth  of  2800  ft.  in  the  North 
Butte  ground,  and  that  the  ore  will  aver- 
age better  than  6  per  cent,  copper.  It 
is  probable  that  the  shaft  will  be  sunk 
to  2800  ft.  so  that  this  orehody  may  be 
reached.  The  principal  producing  levels 
at  the  present  time  are  the  1800  and 
2000. 

F:m  Orlu — The  mine,  owned  by  W.  A. 
Clark,  and  W.  A.  Clark,  Jr.,  is  producing 
12.'^0  tons  of  zinc  ore  weekly.  The  con- 
centration is  aboitt  3.5  wet  tons  into  one 
ton  of  dry  concentrates,  averaging  50 
per  cent.  zinc,  making  the  weekly  zinc 
output  equivalent  to  175.000  lb.  of  spel- 
ter. 

Madison  County 
A  two-stamp  mill,  run  with  a  gasolene 
engine,    is    being    operated    on    the    five 
claims   owned    by   A,   G.    Grosso,    in   the 
Silver  Star  district. 

Elfleda — Gainan  &  Kadell,  leasing  on 
this  property  a  mile  south  of  Virginia 
City,  have  shipped  30  tons  to  the  Washoe 
smeltery. 

Missoula  County 

Kansas  City  Commerical  Company — 
E.  H.  Kinzic  has  been  appointed  receiver 
on  the  application  of  Harry  M.  Walker, 
who  instituted  suit  for  S2000due  him  as 
manager.  The  company  owns  a  dredge 
and  placer  ground,  which  cost  about 
■$250,000,  but  is  deeply  involved,  and  the 
receiver  was  appointed  by  consent. 


Nevada 
Churchill  County 

Nevada   Wonder — Foundations  are  be- 
ing   put    in    for    the    mill.      Material    Is 
freighted   35   miles   from   Fallon. 
Esmeralda  County 

Goldfield  Consolidated — A  steel  gal 
lows  frame  75  ft.  high  is  being  erected 
at  the  Laguna  shaft.  The  new-  frame 
is  so  large  that  it  is  being  built  around 
the  old  one  without  interfering.  Con- 
nections are  being  driven  on  the  Laguna 
600- ft.  level  to  connect  with  the  Red  Top 
workings  and  afford  a  deep  outlet  for  the 
ore  from  the  Red  Top  vein  system. 

Silver  Pick — The  Golden  Pick  lease  is 
employing  three  shifts,  sinking  to  the 
450-ft.  level  where  a  75-ft.  crosscut  is 
expected  to  "tap"  the  vein  developed  on 
the  350  level. 

Lincoln    County 

Mendha-Nevada — A  4- ft.  vein  of  lead- 
silver  ore  being  developed  on  the  800-ft. 
level  has  been  followed  for  30  ft.  with  no 
decrease  in  width.  Shipments  of  150  tons 
per  week  are  made  to  Utah. 

/.  X.  L. — The  Smith-Fessler  lease  is 
developing  high-grade  ore  between  the 
100-  and  1 65- ft.  levels  and  will  com- 
mence stoping  as  soon  as  a  connection 
to  the  lower  level  is  completed.  The 
property  is  in  Searchlight. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah — The  mill  report  for  the  week 
shows  crushing  3277  tons  of  ore,  with  an 
average  valve  of  S21.50.  Ship- 
ments included  58  bars  valued  at  S5.000 
and  39  tons  of  concentrates  worth  S14,- 
500. 

Tonopah  Extension — Plans  are  under 
way  for  the  prospecting  of  the  ground 
included  in  the  Red  Rock  and  McKane 
groups,  recently  purchased  by  the  coin- 
pany.  The  original  holdings  are  now  be- 
ing developed  on  the  500-ft.  level. 

Keane  Wonder — An  additional  supply 
of  water  has  been  developed  for  milling 
operations  and  as  a  result  pumping 
costs  have  been  materially  lessened  and 
economies  effected  in  discharging  tanks 
by  sluicing  instead  of  shoveling. 
White  Pine  County 

Nevada  Consolidated- — It  is  said  that  a 
sufficient  block  of  the  stock  of  this  com- 
pany has  recently  been  exchanged  fer 
stock  of  the  Utah  Copper  Company  to 
give  the  latter  an  actual  majority  of  Ne- 
vada Consolidated. 

New  Mexico 

Socorro  County 

Lynchburg — This  group  at  Kelley  has 
been  sold  to  the  American  Zinc.  Lead  and 
Smelting  Company  bv  the  owner.  C.  R. 
Ross. 

Mistletoe — This  company  has  started 
its  dry  concentrating  mill  and  is  treating 
v30  tons  daily  of  mostly  carbonate  zinc 
and  lead  ores. 


Pennsylvania 
Wilkes-Barre  Coal  Company  —  This 
company  was  recently  organized,  and  has 
taken  options  to  buy  and  lease  several 
tracts  in  Schuylkill,  Columbia  and  Lu- 
zerne counties,  adjoining  property  of  the 
Reading  and  the  Lehigh  Valley  com- 
panies. The  company,  it  is  said,  is  pre- 
paring to  begin  work  on  the  development 
of  some  of  its  property.  It  has  S5,000.- 
000  capital  stock  and  S2,500,000  bonds, 
some  of  which  have  been  issued  to  pay 
for  land.  Charles  F.  Kindred  is  president 
of  the  new  company.  The  other  direc- 
tors are  John  P.  Persch  and  John  P.  Len- 
ahan,  of  Wilkes-Barre.  and  John  F.  Mc- 
Intyre,  of  New  York;  George  A.  Edwards, 
Jr.,  of  Philadelphia,  being  counsel. 


South  Dakota 

Mogul — The  company  has  commenced 
sinking  the  Mark  Twain  shaft  to  the 
quartzite. 

Portland— This  company  has  acquired 
the  American  Eagle  cyanide  mill. 

Homestake — A  cave  in  part  of  the 
property  is  reported.  The  damage  is  not 
great  and  will  not  interfere  with  the  oper- 
ations. 


Utah 
Beaver  County 

Horn  Silver — Regular  shipments  are 
being  made  to  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company.  A  directors'  meeting 
will  be  held  shortly  to  select  a  successor 
to  President  Harrison,  who  died  Sept  1. 

South  Utah — The  ore  treated  during  the 
first  week's  run  of  the  reconstructed  mill 
averaged  2.23  per  cent,  copper.  Ore  run- 
ning 5.64  per  cent,  is  being  mined  from  a 
stope  on  the  700-ft.  level.  The  mill  is 
being  brought  up  to  capacity  and  ship- 
ments of  concentrates  are  made  to  Tooele. 

Utah  Mining.  Milling  and  Transporta- 
tion—  During  August.  6  cars  of  ore  were 
shipped  from  the  Lady  Bryan  group.  De- 
velopment is  being  carried  on  at  the  same 
time.  Heavier  equipment  is  needed  and 
will  probably  be  ordered  soon.  A  cave  has 
been  found  in  the  orebody  on  the  200-ft. 
level  south  of  the  shaft. 

Moscow — This  company  is  awaiting  the 
completion  of  the  new  water  system  into 
the  Star  district  before  resuming.  Dur- 
ing August,  three  cars  were  shipped,  net- 
ting about  S5500. 

Juab  County 

Crown  Point — The  shaft,  which  is  be- 
ing sunk  under  contract,  is  down  45  ft. 
Now  that  the  air-line  from  the  Colorado 
is  completed  machines  will  be  used. 

Tintic  Standard — Prospecting  is  being 
carried  on  w-ith  a  diamond  drill  from  the 
970-ft.  level  east  of  the  shaft.  The  drill 
is  203  ft.  horizontally  from  the  station, 
and  has  encountered  mineralized  quartz. 
The  directors  have  been  reelected. 

Yankee— The    contractors   sinking    the 


690 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


shaft  are  reported  to  have  made  over  50 
ft.  during  the  week. 

Buckeye — Work  on  these  claims  will 
be  resumed.  An  order  has  been  given  to 
retimber  the  shaft,  and  sinking  will  be 
started. 

Salt  Lake  County 

The  output  of  the  Alta  district  is  larger 
than  during  the  same  period  last  year. 
Twenty-five  teams  are  hauling  to  the 
sampler  at  Murray.  The  bins  at  the  Utah 
Ore  Sampling  Company  plant  have  been 
added  to  lately  to  care  for  the  increased 
tonnage.  The  transformer  house  at  this 
plant  was  struck  by  lightning  but  little 
damage   was  done. 

Ohio  Copper — The  mining  costs  for 
August  were  37c.  per  ton  less  than  origi- 
nally estimated  and  the  milling  costs  were 
20c.  less  per  ton  than  anticipated  earlier. 
The  actual  costs  are  said  to  be  in  the 
neighborhood  of  33c.  a  ton  for  mining  and 
29c.  for  milling.  The  mill  is  treating  an 
average  of  about  1500  tons  per  day. 

Tom  Moore — Quartz  carrying  specks  of 
native  copper  has  been  cut  in  the  tun- 
nel. 

Columbus  Extension — The  cave  from 
which  a  heavy  flow  of  water  was  en- 
countered is  now  accessible,  and  a  20-ft. 
face  of  first  and  second  class  ore  is  re- 
ported in  the  drift.  Three  cars  have  been 
shipped. 

South  Hecla — The  Alta  &  Hecla  mining 
company  filed  a  quit  claim  deed  Sept  14, 
conveying  its  claims  to  this  newly  in- 
corporated company. 

Cardiff — A  house  for  the  miners  is  be- 
ing built  and  supplies  hauled  in,  while 
the  roads  are  good.  It  is  expected  to 
work  during  the  winter.  Approximately 
100  tons  of  ore  were  shipped  during  Sep- 
tember. The  faces  of  the  north  and  south 
drifts  have  5  ft.  of  ore  exposed. 

Carbonate — Action  has  been  brought 
by  Charles  Burkhalter  against  this  com- 
pany to  recover  $22,500,  being  treble 
damages  for  S7500  worth  of  ore  that 
Burkhalter  alleges  the  defendants  have 
taken  from  his  claims,  the  Carbonate, 
Sailor  Jack  and  Baker.  A  temporary  re- 
straining order  was  issued  Sept.  13. 

Summit  County 

Daly-Judge — Work  is  being  done  on  the 
1600-ft.  level,  recently  unwatcred.  Clean- 
ing is  in  progress,  and  some  milling  ore 
has  been  mined.  Workings  on  the  Daly- 
Ontario  fissure  are  badly  caved,  and  it 
may  be  necessary  to  drive  around  this 
portion  to  reach  the  fissure  again. 

Daly  West — Notice  was  mailed  Sept  20 
as  follows:  "On  account  of  increased  de- 
velopment and  reduced  production,  which 
is  considered  advisable  for  reasons  given 
in  the  last  quarterly  report,  dividends  will 
be  suspended  until  further  action  of  the 
board  of  directors." 


Wisconsin 

A  number  of  the  larger  zinc  mines  at 
Benton,  are  operating  with  electric  power 
furnished  by  the  Interstate  Light  and 
Power  Company,  of  Galena.  New  mill- 
ing plant-  have  begun  production  at  the 
Little  Minnie  and  Lucky  Twelve  proper- 
ties, at  New  Diggings. 

Kohinoor-Blende — This  mine,  on  the 
Hayden  land,  southwest  of  PlatteviUe, 
has  been  subleased  to  Julius  I.  Wile. 

Forcite — This  company  has  been  re- 
organized under  the  name  of  the  Mound 
City  Mining  Company,  and  has  taken 
over  the  Hodge  mine. 

Homestead — Shepherd  Brothers  are  as- 
sembling machinery  and  material  for  a 
200-ton  mill  to  replace  the  75-ton  plant 
destroyed  by  fire. 

Klar-Piquette — This  company  is  instal- 
ling 1500  ft.  of  the  Lawson  loop-section 
aerial  tram  to  connect  shaft  No.  2  with 
mill. 

Klondike — The  mill  house  for  the  Sut- 
ton. Steele  &  Steele  dry-process  plant 
has  been  completed  on  the  Brunton  land, 
five  miles  southwest  of  PlatteviUe. 

Wilkinson — A  heavy  run  of  sheet-jack 
has  been  opened  up  below  the  lead 
ground  and  a  mill  will  be  built.  George 
Wilkinson,  Benton,  is  manager. 

Rowley — The  Vinegar  Hill  Zinc  Com- 
pany has  obtained  control  and  is  pros- 
pecting this  property. 

Wisconsin  Zinc — This  company  pur- 
chased the  Winskill  lease  of  240  acres 
for  S50,000  and  is  equipping  it  with  a 
75-ton  mill.  Drilling  has  been  resumed 
on  the  1900-acre  tract  of  the  LaFayette 
company,  near  Schullsburg. 


Crown  Reserve — Additional  machinery 
is  being  installed  in  the  ore  house,  so 
that  instead  of  shipping  three  grades  as 
formerly,  only  high-grade  will  now  be 
sent  out. 

Bartlett — Work  has  been  resumed  on 
the  Gowganda  property,  and  trenching 
has  exposed  an  entirely  new  vein,  7  in. 
wide,  of  high-grade  ore. 

Armsirong-McCibbon — A  test  pit  sunk 
on  a  strong  quartz  lead  on  claim  No. 
12,886,  at  Porcupine,  owned  by  the  syn- 
dicate, shows  free  gold  at  10  ft.,  extend- 
ing entirely  across  the  bottom  of  the  pit. 

Stewart  &  Hewitson — A  vein  of  silver 
was  recently  found  in  the  rock  quarry,  at 
Port  Arthur,  owned  by  Stewart  &  Hewit- 
son, contractors,  which  gave  good  assays. 
An  option  on  six  acres  of  the  property 
has  been  taken  by  Cyrus  E.  Baker,  of 
Denver,  and  B.  Wilcox,  who  will  begin 
work  at  once,  and  will  spend  S20,000,  and 
sink  a  shaft  to  100  feet. 


Canada 
British  Columbia 
Tyee — During  August  the  plant  smelted 
7000  tons,  valued  at  875,000. 

Ontario 
Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Sept.  17  were:  Buffalo,  62,9401b.; 
Chambers-Ferland,  64,000;  Coniagas, 
140,470;  Crown  Reserve,  41,780;  Har- 
graves,  60,000:  La  Rose,  290,040;  Mc- 
Kinley-Darragh  47,700;  Nipissing,  190,- 
040;  O'Brien,  40,000;  total,  936,940. 
pounds. 

Beaver — The  quarterly  report  shows  a 
balance  of  $50,342.  Two  veins  have  been 
found  and  another  oreshoot  op'ened  on 
No.  5  vein.  Ore  ready  for  shipment  con- 
sists of  two  cars  of  low-grade  and  one  of 
high-grade. 

Margraves — The  Kerr  Lake  vein  has 
been  discovered  on  this  property  and 
shows  rich  ore. 

Northern  Customs  Concentrator — The 
capacity  of  this  mill  has  been  increased 
to  160  tons  a  day  by  the  installation  of 
two  additional  Nissen  stamps. 


Nova  Scotia 
Dominion  Steel  Corporation — Ship- 
ments of  coal  for  the  first  eight  months 
of  1910  were  1,972,344  tons,  against 
1,701,362  tons  for  the  corresponding  eight 
months  of  1909 — an  increase  of  270,982 
tons. 


Mexico 

The  capital  stock  of  the  Mines  Com- 
pany of  America  has  been  increased 
from  $2,000,000,  consisting  of  2,000,000 
shares  of  the  par  value  of  Sl,  to  $9,000,- 
000  consisting  of  900,000  shares  of  the 
par  value  of  SIO  each,  and  that  $2,499,- 
140  par  value  of  the  new  stock  of  Mines 
Company  of  America,  namely,  249,914 
shares,  has  been  set  apart  for  the  purpose 
of  acquiring  all  or  so  many  of  the  357,- 
020  shares  of  EI  Rayo  .Mines  Company 
as  can  be  obtained  by  the  issue  of  S7  par 
value  of  the  capital  stock  of  Mines  Com- 
pany of  America  for  each  share  of  El 
Rayo  company  of  the  par  value  of  $2, 
and  that  $4,000,000  of  such  new  stocK, 
being  400,000  shares,  has  been  appropri- 
ated for  the  purpose  of  acquiring  the 
400,000  shares  of  Dolores  Mines  Com- 
pany, or  so  many  thereof  as  can  be  ob- 
tained, by  the  issue  of  one  share  of  Mines 
Company  of  America  for  each  share  of 
Dolores  company  of  the  par  value  of  $5. 
The  remaining  shares  of  the  Mines  Com- 
pany of  America,  amounting  to  $500,860 
par  value,  are  reserved  for  the  purchase 
of  additional  property  and  general  cor- 
porate purposes. 

Chihuahua 
Mary  Mining  Company — This  company, 
owning  extensive  gold  and  copper  de- 
posits in  the  Uruachic  district,  has  de- 
clined an  offer  for  its  copper  property 
and  will  now  develop  it  on  an  extensive 
scale.  A  small  mill  is  operating  on  the 
gold  property.     This  will  he  increased  to 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


691 


30  stamps  at  once.     Todd  C.  Woodwortli 
s  manager. 

Rio  Plata — This  company  reports  Au- 
!ust  crushing  1741  tons  containing  72,- 
134  oz.  silver  gross.  The  cyanide  plant 
leated  2108  tons  of  tailings  containing 
n'1,658  oz.  silver. 

'  Providencia — This  property,  at  Parral, 
las  been  transferred  to  the  Molly  Gib- 
on  Mining  Company,  of  Boston,  under 
i.n  exchange  of  stock  plan.  W.  W.  C. 
ipencer,  of  Boston,  is  treasurer  of  the 
ompany  and  E.  Putnam  manager. 

Vrta  Colorado — This  company  isdevel- 
pini;  underground  extensively  and  is 
ompleting  the  cyaniding  plant,  which 
vill  have  a  capacity  of  500  tons  daily. 

Candamena — Efforts  to  straighten  out 

lie  title  to  this  rich  property  have  failed 

0  far.     It  is  owned  by  a  Mexican  estate. 

Compania    Minera    Ignacio    Rodriguez 

!amos — The  last  report  of  this  Almoloya 

!  roperty  shows  9,800,000  pesos  of  ore  in 

ight.      The    monthly    dividend    of    2.50 

esos  per  share  was  suspended  for  three 

,  lonths  to  provide  funds  for  exploration. 

I  DURANGO 

Carmen — This   copper  mine,   50   miles 
I  outhwest  of  Rosario,  is  being  operated 
|.  y    F.    C.    Alley.    Freight    and    smelting 
harges  are  50  pesos  per  ton. 

Matrical — This,  and  other  properties  at 
nde,  controlled  by  Willis  J.  Hullings,  of 
)il  City,  Penn.,  are  being  examined  by 
ngineers  for  New  York  interests. 

Guanajuato 

£/  Monte — E.  J.  Kimball,  of  Guana- 
jato,  and  E.  A.  Montgomery,  of  Los 
•ngeles,  Cal.,  are  developing  these  mines 
t  Guanajuato.  A  vertical  shaft  is  being 
unk  on  the  Pasadena  claim  to  cut  the 
ein. 

Mitchell  Mining  Company — Interests  in 
le  company  are  fighting  in  the  courts 
le  move  by  the  stockholders  to  have  a 
eceiver  appointed.  '  A  sale  of  the  proper- 
.■  under  judgment  in  Mexico  is  planned, 
he  company  owns  La  Dicha  mine, 
ear  Chilpancingo,  a  copper  deposit  ex- 
;nslvely  developed  and  a  large  tract  of 
mber  and  agricultural  land.  The  capital 
took  of  S12,000,000  was  widely  distribut- 
d  at  high  prices  a  few  years  ago. 
ieorge  Mitchell  was  president. 

Cedral-I.ajiiela — This  Boston  Corn- 
any  will  erect  a  500-ton  cyanide  mill 
n  the  Cedral  group  in  Taxco. 

Atlixtac — This  Taxco  company  will  in- 
tall  a  mill  at  the  mouth  of  the  main  tun- 

HmALGO 

Th2  Mexican  Light  and  Po,wer  Com- 
'any  has  extended  its  power  service  fn 
i'achuca. 

Many  mining  denouncements  are  being 
iiiade  in  the  State,  particularly  now  in 
he  camps  of  El  Chico,  Actopan  and  El 
jrande,  in  the  municipality  of  Omitlan. 


Purisinia  Grande — This  hacienda  at 
Pachuca,  which  is  principally  supplied 
with  ore  from  the  Guadalupe-Fresnillo 
mine  is  making  good  progress  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  new  mill  and  cyanide 
plant,  under  the  direction  of  Edmundo 
Girault. 

Santa  Ana — This  Pachuca  property  has 
installed  electrical  equipment,  including 
a  large  Wellman-Seaver-Morgan  hoist, 
with  a  capacity  of  900  lb.  at  a  hoisting 
speed  of  700  ft.  per  minute. 

Cinco  Senorcs — A  second  payment  on 
the  purchase  price  of  this  property,  near 
the  Santa  Gertrudis,  has  been  made  to 
Carlos  Landero  y  Cos  and  assocates.  It 
is  expected  that  development  will  begin 
soon. 

Jalisco 
Old  Mexico  Southern  Mine  and  Smelter 
Trust — This  company  will  exploit  mines 
in  Jalisco.  J.  E.  Landon,  of  St.  Louis, 
and  G.  E.  Miller,  of  Denver,  are  in- 
terested. 

Candelaria — This  antigua,  near  Ahua- 
luco  has  been  sold  to  J.  B.  Shale,  of  New 
York,  who  is  developing  it.  A  mill  will 
be  erected  shortly.  The  property  has 
yielded  rich  ore  in  the  past. 

Mexico 
Esperanza — In  August  the  mill  ran  29 
days  and  crushed  22,402  dry  tons  of  ore; 
estimated  realizable  value  of  bullion  and 
concentrates,  ?154,882;  mine  expenses, 
$107,597;  allowance  for  depreciation  of 
plant,  S5000;  consulting  engineers'  fees 
and  New  York  office  expenses,  S2027; 
London  expenses,  347,506;  estimated 
profit,  S47,425.  This  low  production  is 
reported  due  to  temporary  causes. 

Rincon — This  company,  operating  at 
Temascaltepec,  is  reinodeling  its  mill,  us- 
ing Richards  pulsating  classifiers, 
Frenier  pumps,  Pachuca  tanks,  Diester 
concentrators  and  King  revolving  screens. 

Oaxaca 
Alta   Gracia — This    old     mine     in    the 
Tolalapam  district,  owned  by  the  Rickards 
Brothers,   will   be   operated   with   Harold 
Sturges  in  charge. 

SlNALOA 

San  Javier— W.  C.  West  and  H.  L. 
Roper,  who  have  acquired  more  than  20,- 
000  tons  of  tailings  on  the  dump  of  this 
mine  northeast  of  Culiacan,  are  remodel- 
ing the  mill. 

SONORA 

Sonora  Central — This  company  has 
started  the  first  unit  of  the  concentrator 
at  Alamos,  on  the  Santo  Domingo  mine. 
James  R.  Hendra  is  superintendent. 

Pacific  Smelting  and  Mining  Company 
— The  company  has  purchased  the  Greene 
lead  stack  at  Guaymas  and  will  operate 
it  as  an  auxiliary  to  the  copper  smeltery 
at  Fundicion.  Courtenay  De  Kalb  is  man- 
ager and  M.  E.  Gary  president. 


Z AC AT EGAS 

Zacatecas  Mining  and  Metallurgical 
Company — The  mill  south  of  Zacatecas 
is 'completed  and  will  be  in  operation  as 
soon  as  the  electrical  equipment  from 
Germany  arrives.  The  company  owns  the 
San  Cristobal  gold  mines  in  the  slate  area 
of  the  camp.  Custom  work  will  also  be 
done.  M.  E.  MacDonald  is  president  of 
the  company. 

Magistral — This  smeltery  will  treat  the 
surface  ores  from  the  San  Roberto.  The 
Magistral  company  is  now  sending  2000 
tons  monthly  to  the  smeltery.  The  matte 
is  sent  to  Torreon. 


Africa 

Rhodesia 

Gold  production  in  .August  was  43,458 
oz.,  or  91  oz.  more  than  in  July.  For  the 
eight  months  ended  .^ug.  31,  the  total  was 
408,211  oz.  in  1909,  and  409,830  oz.— or 
S8,471,18() — in  1910;  an  increase  of  only 
1619  oz.  this  year. 

Transvaal 

Gold  production  in  the  Transvaal  in 
August  is  reported  at  649.269  oz.,  being 
10,255  oz.  more  than  in  July,  and  37,732 
oz.  more  than  in  August,  1909.  For  the 
eight  months  ended  Aug.  31  the  total 
was  4,868,989  oz.  in  1909,  and  4,950,488 
oz.— or  $102,326,587- in  1910;  an  in- 
crease of  81,499  oz.  There  were  71  mills 
with  a  total  of  9870  stamps  at  work.  Of 
the  August  output  623,129  oz.  came  from 
the  Witwatersrand  and  26,140  from  the 
outside  districts. 

The  labor  report  for  the  month  shows 
negro  laborers  employed  as  follows: 
Gold  mines  180,831;  diamond  mines,  10,- 
320:  coal  mines,  8743;  total,  199,944,  a 
net  loss  of  1728  during  the  month.  In 
August,  1909,  there  were  166,343  negroes 
and  5361  Chinese  employed,  a  total  of 
171,704;  or  28,240  less  than  this  year. 


Central  America 

Honduras 
An  effort  is  being  made  to  interest  cap- 
ital in  the  gold  mines  near  Tegucigalpa; 
Henry  A.  Spears  is  engineer  in  charge. 


South  America 
Chile 
Braden — This  company  is  now  said  to 
have  blocked  out  8,000.000  tons  of  ore, 
averaging  2.9  per  cent,  copper.  The  con- 
centrating mill  of  2000  tons  daily  capacity 
is  expected  to  be  ready  for  operation  next 
spring.  Railway  connections  between  the 
mine  and  the  Chilean  railroad,  a  distance 
of  43  miles,  has  been  completed,  furnish- 
ing transportation  to  tidewater.  The 
Braden  company  has  an  authorized  bond 
issue  of  $4,000,000,  of  which  $500,000 
were  exchanged  for  debentures,  $625,000 
exchanged  for  preferred  stock  of  the  old 
corporation,  and  $2,500,000  sold  to  pro- 
vide funds  for  development  and  construc- 
tion. 


692 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade   Review 

New  York,  Sept'r  28— The  West  is  grad- 
ually quieting  down,  as  the  mines  in  the 
districts  recently  on  strike  resume  work. 
There  has  been  some  discussion  over  the 
details  of  contracts,  but  these  are  being 
settled.  The  Illinois  mines  are,  many  of 
them,  in  poor  shape;  it  will  be  several 
weeks  before  they  are  making  anything 
like   full   shipments. 

Through  a  large  part  of  the  West  the 
stocks  of  coal  in  the  hands  of  consumers 
are  small,  these  will  have  to  be  made 
up,  and  it  looks  as  if  a  heavy  tonnage 
from  the  mines  will  be  needed  for  some 
time.  But  there  are  already  complaints 
of  car  shortage,  and  these  are  sure  to 
increase  as  time  goes  on.  To  make  up 
lost  time  at  the  mines  and  to  keep  up  sup- 
plies for  the  winter  is  going  to  keep  coal 
operrtors  in  trouble. 

In  the  East  there  is  nothing  new  in 
the  anthracite  trade.  The  seaboard  bitum- 
inous trade  is  in  better  condition  than  it 
has  been  for  some  time. 

Mississippi  River  Trade — The  long  con- 
tinued low  stage  of  water  in  the  Ohio  this 
■summer  has  left  the  Pittsburg  trade  down 
the  Mississippi  specially  open  to  com- 
petition. Kentucky  operators  have  not 
been  slow  to  take  advantage  of  this;  and 
Alabama  operators  have  also  been  ship- 
ping unusual  quantities  of  coal  to  New 
Orleans  and  other  points  on  the  river. 
The  Alabama  people  especially  have 
found  this  trade  quite  a  help  to  them, 
and  propose  to  push  their  competition. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Receipts  of  domestic  coal  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, seven  months  ended  July  31,  were 
218,536  long  tons  in  1909,  and  166,39! 
In  1910;  decrease,  52,145  tons. 

Coal  passing  Davis  Island  dam  on  the 
Ohio,  seven  months  ended  July  31,  was 
2,354,070  short  tons  in  1909,  and  1,458,- 
205  in  1910;  decrease,  895,865  tons. 

Coal  passing  through  the  locks  on  the 
Monongahela  above  Pittsburg,  seven 
months  ended  July  31,  was  5,494,720 
short  tons  in  1909,  and  5,575,620  in  1910; 
increase,  80,900  tons. 

Coal  shipments  out  of  Great  Kanawha 
river  in  West  Virginia,  seven  months 
ended  July  31,  were  861,677  short  tons  in 
1909,  and  872,808  in  1910;  increase, 
11,131   tons. 

Coal  receipts  at  St.  Louis,  seven 
months  ended  July  31,  were  3,582,624 
short  tons  in  1909,  and  4,580,377  in  1910; 
increase,  997,753  tons. 

Coal   shipments  over  railroads   in  the 


190(1. 

I'.nil. 

Changes 

I,52.i,n42 

2.41Ci,;)(',7 

8!)1.325 

li.i7.046 

i,i2i;,nu!i 

4(5(1.5(13 

7.i-i.'J24 

3,:)32.113 

58U.1S() 

l.lulJ.illU 

2.117.183 

4415.273 

l,'27-l,280 

1,843,(16;) 

508.7X3 

.iK2,0'.l4 

()117,2(i4 

115.17U 

;170.(B7 

l,259,2i;i 

289.1(;4 

041,5118 

(548.384 

10G.876 

«,208 

57.417 

14,209 

11,(508 

33,3!I7 

21,789 

Ohio     Coal     Traffic     Association,     seven 
months  ended  July  31,  short  tons: 


Hockiug  Vallev 

Toledo  &oliioCeut.. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  ... 
Wheeling  &  L.  Erie.. 
Clove.,  Lorain  &  Wh. 
Zanesville  &  "Western 
Toledo  Div..  Pen.  Co. 
L.EriP,.\lliance&Wh. 
Marietta.  Col.  &  Clov. 
■SVahash-Pitts.  Tenn. 


Total S.02S.017  ll.ii31,358    1.3,503,341 

Total  increase  this  year  43.6  per  cent. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  tonnage  is  of  the  Ohio 
lines  only;  main-line  tonnage  is  given 
elsewhere. 

.Anthracite  carried  over  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railroad,  seven  months  ended  July 
31.  was  455,745  tons  in  1909.  and  501,748 
in  1910;  increase,  46.003  tons. 

Bituminous-coal  and  coke  tonnage  of 
leading  railroads  in  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia,  seven  months  ended  July 
31,  short  tons: 

Bituminous.  Coice.  Total. 

Pennsvlvania 23.358.512  8.278.9.53  31,(137.4(55 

Bait.  &  Ohio 16.235.367  2.614.475  IH,.'<49.842 

Buff..  Eoch.  &  Pitts.     4.114.022  3(18,323  4.482.345 

Buff.  ,*i  Susciueh'na        783.686  157.496  941.182 

Penn.  lines.  N.  T.  C.    4,5(58.246  34,597  4.602.843 

Pitts.  &  L.  Erie 6,107.065  3.880,078  9.987,143 

Pitts. .Shawmut&N.        645.270  12.847  6.58.117 

Norfolk  , I;  Western.     9.786.8S5  1.7.50.879  11..537,764 

Ches.  .%  Ohio 9.10((.051  276,477  9.37G..528 

Vii-giuian 479.976  15.462  495,438 


Total 

Total.  19US.. . 


75.179.080    17.389.587    92.568,667 
62.(5(11.285    13.337.032    75,398.317 


Total  increase  this  year,  17,170,350 
tons,  or  22.8  per  cent.  Anthracite  ton- 
nages of  Pennsylvania  and  Baltimore  & 
Ohio   are   given   elsewhere. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Sept.  28 — There  has  been  a  quiet  time 
in  the  domestic  trade.  Unusually  warm 
weather  for  the  season  does  not  incline 
people  to  put  in  their  winter  stocks. 
Steam   trade  is  steady,  about  as  usual. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  broken  and  .S5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
S2.95r,(3.25;  buckwheat,  S2.15r</ 2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  SI. 6567 2;  bar- 
ley, $1.35C(/  1.50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 

BlTlJ.MlNOUS 

Notwithstanding  the  settlements  in  the 
West  there  is  still  a  good  deal  of  coal 
going  that  way  from  mines  that  generally 
serve  the  seaboard  trade.  Conditions  are 
generally  good,  the  mines  working  pretty 
well  under  the  deiuand.  Coal  at  the  sea- 
board is  selling  better.  The  shoal- 
water  ports  are  beginning  to  sit  up  and 
think  about  winter  supplies.  All-rail  trade 
is   quite   as   good   as   it   has   been. 


Quotations  are  unchanged,  gas  coal 
selling  at  prices  which  realize  SI  C';  1.05  at 
mines  for  run-of-mine  and  65r((  70c.  for 
slack.  Good  steam  coals  bring  S2.50(ii3, 
according  to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Transportation  is  good,  with  few  de- 
lays. Car  supply  is  not  quite  so  good, 
but  complaints  are   not  general   so   far. 

In  the  coastwise  market  there  is  no 
change.  For  large  vessels  from  Phila- 
delphia quotations  are:  Boston,  Salem 
and  Portland,  55c.;  Portsmouth,  60c.; 
Lynn,  Newburyport  and  Bath,  65c.;  Ban- 
gor, 75c.;  Gardner,  85c.  From  New  York 
harbor  small  boats  get  50ra55c.  to  Bos- 
ton and  Portland,  30^7  40c.  to  Providence 
and  the   Sound. 

Birmingham 

Sept.  26 — There  is  need  for  men  in 
some  parts  of  the  mining  section  of  Ala- 
bama. The  production  of  coal  in  this 
State  is  large.  There  is  a  little  car  short- 
age still  reported.  The  home  consump- 
tion is  fairly  good.  There  is  a  large 
quantity  of  coal  being  shipped  to  New 
Orleans,  Mobile,  Pensacola  and  other 
Southern  ports,  while  railroads  in  the 
South  and  Southwest  are  drawing  on  the 
Birmingham  district  for  coal.  Good 
prices  still  obtain. 

Coke  is  in  good  demand  and  the  pro- 
duction is  steady.  Very  few  coke  ovens 
in   condition   are   idle. 

Chicago 

Sept.  26 — Buying  of  Illinois  coals  ha; 
been  large  in  the  last  week  and  the  re 
turn  to  normal  conditions  has  proceedec 
rapidly.  There  is  now  little  doubt,  to  a! 
appearances,  that  the  mines  of  the  Stati 
will  very  soon — sooner  than  was  expected 
indeed — be  able  to  take  care  of  the  need 
of  most  steam-coal  users  in  this  territory 
Between  40  and  50  per  cent,  of  the  outpu 
capacity  is  now  ready  or  coming  from  thi 
mines;  the  rest  is  soon  to  be  on  the  mar 
ket.  Under  the  pressure  for  immediat' 
shipments  prices  keep  up  to  the  level  o 
last  week  and  may  continue  on  this  level 
though  the  prospect  is  that  they  will  dror 
with  the  resumption  of  the  normal  outpiii 
Buyers  are  still  preferring  screenings  fo 
present  needs;  on  contracts  they  show 
preference  for  lump  which  makes  th:) 
size  strong. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  coals  bring  S2.75'' 
3.50  for  lump,  S2.30f<»2.50  for  run-ol 
mine  and  $2.20r((2.40  for  screenings. 

Eastern  coals  are  in  plentiful  suppi 
and  mild  demand,  except  in  the  case  i 
Hocking,  the  market  for  which  is  ver 
strong,  at  .S3.25  for  5:1-10.  lump.     Snioki 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


693 


less  is  rather  weak  at  S3.95  for  lump  and 
53.30  for  run-of-mine.  Youghiougheny  is 
in  fair  demand  at  $3.32  for  1'4-in-  'u'liP 
and  53.22  for  M-in.  Anthracite  is  slug- 
gish. 

Cleveland 

Sept.  26 — Local  trade  is  active  both 
For  steam  and  domestic  coals.  Car  sup- 
jly  conditions  are  getting  worse,  espec- 
ally  in  West  Virginia.  Pocahontas  coal 
S  practically  out  of  the  Cleveland  mar- 
cet,  as  none  is  coming   forward. 

Prices  are  unchanged,  except  that  some 
lonsumers  who  are  short  of  fuel  have 
lad  to  pay  premiums  of  5  or  10c.  to  get 
he  early  deliveries  they  need. 


Indianapolis 

Sepf.  26 — The  demand  for  coal  from 
ndiana  mines  is  on  the  increase.  Not 
inly  the  Indiana  roads,  but  several  of 
he  Chicago  lines,  are  sending  cars  to  the 
ndiana  mines  to  be  loaded.  The  Chicago 
k  Northwestern,  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
!t  Quincy,  the  Chicago  &  Great  Eastern 
md  several  other  roads  brought  in  cars 
0  be  loaded  during  the  past  week.  These 
.hipments  are  reaching  several  thousand 
ars  a  day;  while  the  Vincennes  division 
if  the  Vandalia  now  has  36  engines  in 
ictual  service  daily  hauling  coal.  The 
iverage  is  1500  cars  a  day,  the  largest  in 
he  history  of  the  road. 

It  was  expected  the  resumption  of 
nining  in  Illinois  would  materially  affect 
lusiness  in  the  Iridiana  field.  This  has 
lot  proved  to  be  the  case  so  far.  Many 
nines  in  Illinois  were  found  to  be  unfit 
or  operation  and  several  days  will  be 
equired  to  place  them  in  lawful  condi- 
ion.  It  is  thought  no  further  increase 
n  prices  will  be  made. 


Pittsburg 

Sept.  27 — Demand  is  fair  in  the  local 
;oal  market,  as  Lake  shipments  continue 
fairly  heavy  and  domestic  demand  is  in- 
:reased.  There  is  no  change  in  industrial 
requirements.  Prices  are  being  cut  a  lit- 
tle more,  but  only  on  odd  lots,  regular 
tonnages  going  at  prices  previously  quot- 
ed: Aline-run  and  nut,  S1.20r,/ 1.22' _■ ; 
^-in.,  S1.30r,(  1.32'-/. ;  domestic  l'/4-in., 
5I.45r«  I.47'/.  and  slack  75r((82' :.c.  per 
ton.  • 

Conncllsville  Coke  The  Midland  Steel 
Company  has  covered  for  its  October  re- 
quirements for  its  furnace  at  Midland, 
Penn.,  and  it  is  understood  gives  pig  iron 
in  exchange.  A  sale  of  about  50  cars  of 
prompt  has  been  made  at  SI. 60,  which  re- 
mains the  minimum  of  the  market.  Gen- 
erally speaking,  the  coke  market  shows 
no  change.  We  quote  standard  grades 
per  net  ton:  Prompt  furnace,  S1.60ra 
1.65;  contract  furnace  (nominal),  SI.75 
'■"1.85;  prompt  foundry,  S2.I0r(/ 2.25; 
contract   foundry.  S2.25fS/ 2.50,   at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  week  ending  Sept.  17  at  343,630  tons. 


a  gain  of  2000  tons,  and  shipments  at 
3626  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5441  cars  to  points 
west  and  875  cars  to  points  east,  a  total 
of  9942  cars. 

St.  Louis 

Sept.  26 — The  market  this  week  has 
been  a  trifle  lower  on  steam  sizes,  but 
has  maintained  itself  on  the  domestic 
size.  All  mines  in  the  Southwest  signed 
up  and  went  to  work  on  Sept.  20.  While 
this  docs  not  have  any  effect  on  the  St. 
Louis  market  locally,  St.  Louis  will  lose 
a  portion  of  the  railroad  tonnage  which 
has  been  moving  from  this  district  during 
the  past   four  or  five  months. 

The  domestic  demand  is  strong,  though 
it  is  the  general  opinion  that  it  actually 
is  not  a  circumstance  to  what  it  will  be 
in  30  days  from  now.  Salesmen  report 
that  dealers  and  householders  throughout 
the  entire  West  are  absolutely  bare  of 
soft  coal.  Dealers  are  stocking  up  as 
heavily  as  possible,  but  state  that  house- 
holders, on  account  of  the  frequent  ar- 
ticles in  the  daily  papers  about  the  price 
of  coal  com.ing  down  after  the  strike  is 
settled,  seem  to  be  slow  to  buy. 

The  average  dealer  is  alive  to  the  sit- 
uation and  is  buying  as  much  coal  as  he 
can  take  on. 

Next  week  the  operators  of  the  fifth 
and  ninth  districts  are  going  to  establish 
a  Coal  Exchange  here  where  operators  will 
meet  daily  from  10.30  to  11  a.m.  This 
has  been  attempted  several  times  before 
but  the  operators  have  not  been  success- 
ful. However,  they  are  now  close  enough 
together  and  think  that  the  market  is  in 
such  a  condition  as  to  make  the  opera- 
tions of  a  coal  exchange  entirely  feasible 
and  that  it  will  have  a  beneficial  effect 
on  the  market  during  the  ensuing  winter 
at  least. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 

St. 

Ilhiiiiis,  Staiularil:  Mine.  I.ouis. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg $2  00  $2.52 

2-in.  lump IS.i  2  37 

Mine-run l.t.')  1.97 

Screenings 110  1  R2 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 2;)0       ,3  02 

3-in.  nut 2.00       2..'>2 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 2.2.'i  2.77 

2-iii    nut 2  00  2.r,-2 

Mine-run 1   70  2  22 

SiTeening.s 1 .  20  1.72 

Carter\'ille: 

6-in    lump  or  egg 2  2.')  2.92 

:{-iii    nut 2.00  2.67 

Mine-run I.IO  2.17 

Screenings 1.30  1.97 

Poralinnlas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 1.90       4  40 

.Mine-run 1.2.'i       3  7.-i 

Pennsylvania  Anthracite: 

Nul .  stove  or  egg 6  ;>.'■) 

Grate  6  70 

Coke: 

ronnellsvillu  fouiidr.v 5  40 

(•■as  hi.usc 4.90 

.■Smithing 4.15 

East  St.  Louis  prices  on  soft  coal  are 
20c.  less  than  the  St.  Louis  quotations. 

The  railroads  are  still  buying  heavily 
on  the  open  market,  though  they  are  he- 


ginning  to  line  up  contracts  from  their 
own  mines  for  the  ensuing  year  and  they 
will  probably  gradually  draw  away  from 
the  open  market  as  the  season  proceeds. 
Anthracite — The  demand  for  anthracite 
continues  good  on  all  sizes.  Chestnut 
has  been  coming  forward  freely,  though 
the  demanl  for  this  size  is  easing  off 
a  trifle. 


FOREIGN- COAL-TRADE 


Nova  Scotia  Coal — Shipments  of  coal 
fiom  Nova  Scotia  mines,  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31,  long  tons: 

Company:                l'.)09.  1910.  Changes. 

Dominion 1.7ni.:tr,2  l,97-.>.:«4  I.     270.982 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  . .      4.V.1,:«1  .514, 415  I.       55.1)84 

Inverness H5,4:!f.  I'Li-MB  I.      26,000 

.\ca<lia 174.9(14  10H,.MS  D.        0,:l.VJ 

Intercolonial ].->:i,«n  104,(I3«  I.      10,4:>5 


Total 2,6a4,036    2,990.844     I.     356,208 

The  total  increase  reported  this  year 
was  13.5  per  cent. 

Transvaal  Coal — The  total  coal  mined 
in  the  Transvaal  in  July  from  28  mines 
was  445,510  tons,  of  which  114,144  tons, 
or  25.6  per  cent,  was  sorted  or  screened 
out  as  waste.  The  coal  sold  was  331,033 
tons,  the  average  price  realized  being 
SI.24  per  ton  at  mine. 

Spanish  Imports — Imports  of  coal  in 
Spain  seven  months  ended  July  31  were 
1,253,681  metric  tons  in  1909.  and  1,191,- 
759  in  1910;  imports  of  coke,  167,568 
tons  in  1909,  and  155,750  this  year. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
BIyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  Sept.  17:  Best  Welsh  steam,  .$3.90; 
seconds,  S3.78;  thirds,  S3.60;  dry  coals, 
S3.60;  best  Monmouthshire,  S3.54;  sec- 
onds. S3.42;  best  steam  smalls,  S2.01; 
seconds,  SI. 80.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton.  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2'  .  per  cent,  discount. 


a  IRON -TRADE-REVIEW  g 


New  York,  Sept.  28 — Nothing  came  of 
the  steel  conference  in  New  York  last 
week ,  at  least  nothing  that  it  has  been 
possible  to  get  hold  of.  No  low  prices 
were  made  to  meet  independent  compe- 
tition; on  the  other  hand  no  action  was 
taken  to  secure  a  maintenance  or  in- 
crease of  quotations.  It  is  quite  possible 
that  the  talk  as  to  the  latter  course  was 
put  out  to  test  the  general  feeling.  Its 
reception  was  not  all  cordial,  and  it  has 
been  dropped.  Matters  are  going  on 
much  as  before.  The  so  called  cutting 
on  sheets  and  some  other  articles  by  in- 
dependent concerns  has  continued,  and 
is  being  generally  met  by  all  parties.  It 
is  recognized  that  there  is  a  good  volume 
of  business,  though  it  is  not  up  to  the 
capacity  of  the  mills  now  in  existence; 
while  it  would  not  take  a  great  deal  more 
to  satisfy  everybody,  the  additional  trade 
must  be  waited  for  patiently,  and  cannot 
be  forced.  It  will  be  a  question  of  grad- 
ual  growth   of  consumption. 


694 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  1.  1910. 


A  fair  business  is  reported  in  structur- 
al steel  mainly  in  orders  of  the  smaller  class, 
with  some  larger  contracts  in  near  pros- 
pect. In  most  other  lines  there  is  a  mod- 
erate business,  except  in  sheets,  which 
are  generally  dull.  Railroad  orders  are 
still  slow,  but  some  contracts  for  bridges 
have  been  placed.  Jobbers  report  an  im- 
provement in  the  current  demand  for 
bars  and  for  small  building  material. 

In  pig  iron  the  situation  is  unchanged. 
Nothing  is  being  done  for  deliveries  be- 
yond December.  Sellers  do  not  want  to 
take  1911  contracts  at  current  prices,  and 
buyers  do  not  want  to  pay  more.  There 
has  been  some  business  done  in  foundry 
iron  in  Eastern  territory,  and  some  in 
basic  in  the  Central  West.  Pipe  foundries 
in  the  East  have  been  inquiring  for  iron. 
Export  business  is  reported  good.  An 
order  for  10.000  tons  of  rails  for  the 
Canadian  Northern  has  been  taken  by  the 
Illinois  Steel  Company.  A  good  deal  of 
miscellaneous  business  is  going  on  to 
Panama,  on  canal  contracts. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ores— Notwith- 
standing the  reported  slowing  down,  ship- 
ments of  iron  ore  from  the  Lake  Superior 
region  in  August  reached  a  total  of  6,- 
964,381  tons,  or  19,092  tons  more  than 
in  July.  For  the  season  to  Sept.  1  the 
totals  are  reported  by  the  Cleveland  Iron 
Trade  Review  as  follows: 

Port.  W09.  WIO.        Changes. 

Escanaba'. 3,or,:).8i0     s.l(a.rjl   I.      lO(<.4-25 

Marquette. l.iVi.t^iW     ■2,24'.i,md   I.      8.Jh,20, 

AsWand 1.701.W8      2.8-H.U70    I.    1,17T.802 

SuDPrloT    3,C)8li.;t23      5,227.a87    I.    l,:>41,2f,4 

Dumth  :::......  i.n.i.m  i<.»^^M^  i.  2.110.267 

Two  Harbor.S S,020,i;B7       5,4a5,C.82    I.       46j,»l.) 

T,-,tal 22,.-.88.',l4Sl    28,827.929    I.    6.238.980 

The  total  increase  this  year  over  1909 
was  27.6  per  cent. 

Receipts  of  Lake  ore  at  Lake  Erie  ports 
in  August  were  5,681,434  tons.  The  lead- 
ing ports  were  Ashtabula,  1,627,633;  Con- 
neaut,  1,124,623;  Cleveland,  996,892; 
Buffalo  705,027  tons. 

Deliveries  of  Lake  Superior  iron  ore  at 
Lake  Michigan  ports  in  August  were: 
South  Chicago,  728,177;  Gary,  297,282; 
other  ports,  86,792;  total,  1.112,251  tons. 

Birmingham 

Sept.  26— The  month  of  September  is 
closing    with    general    conditions    in    the 
Southern  pig-iron  market  in  better  shape 
than  they  have  been  for  some  time.    Sev- 
eral  of  the   companies   have   sold   more 
iron      during      the      month      than      the 
probable  make;   the   accumulated   stocks 
have    been     reduced     more     than     dur- 
ing    any     previous     month,     and     the 
inquiries       have       been       steady.         It 
is    estimated    that    the    stocks    are    now 
only  a  little  over  100,000  tons  in  South- 
ern territory.     Quite  a  number  of  sales 
have  been  made   for  delivery  during  the 
last  quarter  of  the  year,  and  a  few  sales 
for  delivery  during  the   first   quarter   of 
!911.    The  belief  is  firm  that  quotations 
are  soon  to  take  on  some  strength,  though 
at  present  $11.50  per  ton,  No.  2  foundry. 


appears  to  the  up  figure.  Reports  are 
heard  that  a  number  of  sales  have  been 
made  during  this  month  at  SI  1.25.  The 
consumption  and  sales  in  the  past  few 
weeks  have  been  better  than  the  produc- 
tion. 

Charcoal-iron  demand  is  still  sluggish, 
but  the  production  and  quotations  have 
not  been  reduced. 


Chicago 

Sept.   26 — The    iron   market     continues 
quiet,  though  the  volume  of  small  steady 
buying  for  needs  of  one  to  three  months 
ahead  is  large.    Most  buyers  have  a  good 
supply  of  iron  up  to  the  first  of  the  year; 
for  1911  needs  they  are  proceeding  cau- 
tiously  and   show   the   customary   reluct- 
ance to  crossing  the  imaginary  barrier  of 
the   New  Year.     It  would  seem  that  the 
average   buyer  is  by   no   means  satisfied 
yet  that  the  output  of  pig  iron  is  reduced 
to  consumptive   needs,  and  his  policy   is 
evidently  to  proceed  with  all  brakes  ready 
for  setting.   He  sticks  to  his  policy  of  con- 
tracting for  a  carload  to  500  or  600  tons 
as  often  as  he  needs  the  iron  on  an  out- 
look of  30  to  90  days  ahead.     For  such 
business   quotations   continue     practically 
unchanged.  Southern  No.  2  selling  for  SI  1 
(II  11.50  Birmingham  ($15.35^7  15.85  Chi- 
cago), and  Northern  No.  2  for  $16.25rr( 
16.75.     The  demand  for  Northern  seems 
somewhat     weaker,     relatively,    than    for 
Southern.      For    1911    business    on    both, 
selling  agents    are    demanding    25fi/50c. 
over  the  above  quotations. 

Iron  and  steel  products  have  a  quieter 
market,  even  structural  steel  being  less 
active.  Wire  products  alone  are  active. 
Coke  has  a  rather  strong  market  at  S4.90 
for  the  best  Connellsville. 


can  be  quoted  at  S16;  No.  2  plain,  S15.50;. 
basic,  S15;  forge,  S15  for  Northern  and 
S\4(ii  14.50  for  Southern. 

Steel  Billets — More  inquiries,  but  small 
sales  at  $26.50  for  ordinary  and  S28  for 
forging  billets. 

Bars — Iron  bars  are  irregular,  owing 
to  competition  for  orders.  Steel  bars  are 
steady.     Store  trade  is  better. 

Sheets — Demand  is  uneven,  and  there 
is  still  some  shading  in  prices. 

Plates — Quite  a  lot  of  small  business 
is  coming  out,  but  large  orders  are  held 
back. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Tubes  are  being 
used  in  good  quantity.  The  demand  for 
merchant  pipe  in  small  lots  is  good. 

Structural  Material — Small  orders  are 
coming  in,  making  quite  a  large  total. 
Negotiations  are  on  for  some  large  con- 
tracts, but  none  have  been  closed. 

Scrap — More  inquiries  are  coming  in, 
and  dealers  are  beginning  to  sit  up  and 
count  their  stocks.  It  is  reported  that  the 
agreement,  under  which  a  number  of 
Eastern  steel  mills  have  been  getting 
their  scrap  through  a  joint  central  agen- 
cy, may  be  abandoned. 


I 


I 


I 


Cleveland 

Sept.  26 — The  movement  of  iron  ore 
continues,  though  the  reports  from  the 
head  of  the  Lakes  indicate  an  early  clos- 
ing of  mines.  Ore  is  moving  more  free- 
ly from  the  docks  to  the   furnaces. 

Pig  Iron — The  market  is  still  rather 
dull,  but  there  is  a  fair  run  of  orders  for 
500  tons  and  under.  Quotations  are 
S15.65ra  15.90  for  bessemer  pig;  S14.50r(/ 
14.75  for  No.  2  foundry;  S14((/  14.25  for 
forge;  S18  for  Lake  Superior  charcoal; 
all  Cleveland  delivery. 

Finished  Mait'n'a/— Business  has  been 
rather  held  back  by  reports  of  coming 
reductions  in  prices.  It  does  not  appear 
likely,  however,  that  there  will  be  any 
drop  below  the  cut  figures  which  have 
been  current  for  several  weeks  past. 

Philadelphia 

Sept.  28 — Buying  of  pig  iron  has  been 
a  little  better,  but  is  still  all  for  this  year's 
delivery.  Plenty  of  buyers  are  inquiring 
for  1911  deliveries,  but  stick  on  the  addi- 
tional 50c.  which  makers  ask  for  such 
iron.  Some  speculative  Southern  iron  is 
being  offered  here.    For  Northern,  No.  2X 


Pittsburg 

Sept.  27 — Steel  manufacturers  expect 
good  results  to  follow  the  publicity  given 
to  the  fact  that  a  meeting  of  leading  in- 
terests was  held  Sept.  21,  at  which  it  was 
decided  to  make  no  reductions  in  prices. 
The  situation  has  been  clouded  by  numer- 
ous reports  that  there  was  serious  price 
cutting  and  that  some  sweeping  reduc- 
tions might  be  made  by  leading  interests. 
These  reports  were  unfounded,  for  the 
market  for  finished  steel  products  has  not 
shown  as  much  weakness  or  decHping 
tendency  in  the  past  two  month  as  in  the 
preceding  six  months,  as  any  comparison 
of  price  declines  will  show. 

Business  in  the  lighter  lines  has  shown 
a  fair  increase  this  month  over  last,  and 
the  most  serious  unfavorable  feature  is 
the  fact  that  orders  for  rails,  steel  cars 
and  large  steel  structures  have  been  so 
light  that  the  business  in  these  lines 
which  has  kept  the  plants  quite  well  em- 
ployed in  the  past  few  months  is  begin- 
ning to  play  out.  While  there  is  an  in- 
crease in  buying  of  the  lighter  lines,  it 
is  not  sufficient  to  make  up  for  the  loss  in 
the  other  direction.  No  effect  has  been' 
felt  thus  far,  since  in  the  past  week  or, 
two  steel  mills  on  the  whole  have  been 
able  to  maintain  as  large  a  production 
as  in  the  early  part  of  the  month. 

The  general  market  level  on  plates, 
shapes  and  merchant  steel  bars  is  1.40c.. 
Pittsburg.  This  level  was  first  reached  in 
June  as  to  shapes  and  plates,  and  about 
Aug.  1  as  to  bars.  At  the  present  time 
bars  are  not  being  shaded,  or  at  any  rate 
they  are  shaded  only  occasionally,  and 
then  by  only  a  few  small  interests.  Shape? 
are  being  shaded  at  intervals  when  large 
structural  contracts  are  involved,  and  one 


October  1,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


695 


ir  two  mills  removed  from  Pittsburg  are 
hading  say  SI  a  ton  on  current  business. 
n  plates  some  of  the  smaller  mills,  both 
n  the  Central  West  and  in  eastern  Penn- 
ylvania,  are  shading,  generally  $1  or 
;1.50  a  ton.  The  large  interests,  accord- 
ng  to  the  best  information,  are  holding 
trictly  to  the  open  prices,  and  while  they 
!o  not  like  to  lose  business  to  small  in- 
erests  and  observe  them  running  at  a 
igher  rate  than  the  general  average,  they 
refer  this  condition  to  that  of  a  general 
eduction  which  might  distribute  the  busi- 
ess  more  uniformly  but  would  afford 
mailer  profits  all  around.  In  the  event 
f  market  conditions  arising  which  would 
remise  a  considerably  larger  volume  of 
usiness  were  prices  reduced,  it  is  not  im- 
robable  that  the  large  interests  would 
avor  a  reduction.  Such  a  position,  how- 
ver,  is  not  offered  at  this  time. 

Pig  Iron — The  local  pig-iron  market  has 
!hown  more  strength  and  activity  than  for 
lany  weeks.  Several  sales  of  bessemer 
ave  been  made  at  the  full  price  which 
as  been  quoted  for  a  month  as  the  mar- 
et,  one  of  them  for  first  quarter,  and 
ales  of  malleable  and  foundry  for  the 
rst  half  have  also  been  made,  at  50c. 
dvance  over  the  market  for  prompt  de- 
very.  The  sales  represent  more  activity, 
nd  in  addition  there  is  the  first  definitely 
.'ported  business  for  next  year,  showing 

confidence  in  the  future  which  has 
itherto  been  lacking  on  the  part  of  buy- 
rs.  Bessemer-iron  sales  made  since  last 
iport  are:  1500  tons  for  first  quarter  at 
15,  Valley,  the  iron  to  go  to  Cleveland 
nd  Chicago  steel-casting  interests;  1000 
)ns  at  S15  for  early  delivery  to  a  foun- 
ry  interest  in  Cleveland;  2000  tons  for 
:urth  quarter  for  an  ingot  mold  foundry 
r  S15,  and  1500  tons  to  another  ingot 
iold  foundry  at  S15.25,  the  extra  25c.  be- 
ig  on  account  of  special  terms.  There 
as  been  a  fair  run  of  small  business  in 
lundry  iron  for  prompt  shipment,  on  the 
asis  of  S14,  Valley,  while  the  new  year 
as  opened  up  by  2000  tons  being  sold 
Dr  first  half  delivery  at  ,S14.50,  Valley.  A 
ale  of  1200  tons  of  malleable  has  also 
een  made  for  first  half  at  $14.75. 
hese  transactions  are  regarded  by  the 
reducing  trade  as  very  encouraging.  Ba- 
ic  iron  can  still  be  had  at  S13.50,  Valley, 
or  this  year,  but  it  appears  that  noth- 
ng  could  be  done  for  next  year  at  less 
han  $14.  We  quote  the  market  at  Val- 
;y  furnaces,  00c.  higher  delivered  Pitts- 
lurg,  as  follows  for  prompt  and  nearby 
elivery:  Bessemer,  $15;  basic,  $13.50; 
■)o.  2  foundry,  $14;  gray  forge,  $13.25; 
■nalleable,  S14  per  ton. 

Ferromanganese — A  sale  of  about  1000 
ons  is  reported  for  delivery  over  the  bal- 
ince  of  the  year  at  $39.50,  Baltimore, 
vhich  practically  represents  the  market, 
'reight  to  Pittsburg  being  $1.95  per  ton. 

Steel — The  steel  mills  are  holding 
^rices  pretty  firmly  at  the  level  already 
eported,  but  there   are   reports  of  occa- 


sional sales  of  small  lots  of  sheet  bars  at 
slight  concessions  in  order  to  move  the 
material.  We  quote  prices  at  Pittsburg  as 
follows:  Bessemer  billets,  S24r<(  24.50; 
sheet  bars,  $25rf(  25.50;  open-hearth  bil- 
lets, $25.50r,/26;  sheet  bars,  $26'-(/ 26.50; 
forging  billets,  ,$29;  rods,  $28r,/29  per 
ton. 

Sheets — There  is  a  slight  improvement 
in  demand,  and  in  some  quarters  it  is 
held  that  prices  are  a  trifie  firmer,  al- 
though they  are  not  quotably  higher.  We 
quote:  black  sheets,  2.15'»(  2.20c.;  galvan- 
ized, 3.20'<(  3.25c. ;  blue  annealed,  \.6Q'<i 
1.65c.  Nominal  prices  for  corrugated 
roofing  are  $1.70  per  square  for  painted 
and  $3  for  galvanized,  these  being  shaded 
$4  to  $5  a  ton  on  painted  and  $5  to  $6  a 
ton  on  galvanized. 

St.  Louis 


Sept.  26 — The  pig-iron  market  remains 
about  the  same,  though  a  number  of 
small  orders  were  received  this  week. 
Inquiries  are  coming  in  freely  and  stocks 
in  the  hands  of  melters  are  very  low. 
The  activity  seems  to  be  entirely  restrict- 
ed to  third-quarter  deliveries.  Prices  re- 
main unchanged  at  $11^/11.50  Birming- 
ham, or  $14.75^;  15.25  f.o.b.  St.  Louis, 
for  No  2.  foundry. 


Gold — Prices  on  the  open  market  in 
London  have  been  unchanged  at  77s.  9d. 
per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz. 
for  American  coin.  Most  of  the  supplies 
coming  forward  were  taken  for  Germany 
and  for  Egypt,  where  the  cotton-shipping 
season  has  caused  a  demand. 

Platinum — Business  is  steady  at  the  re- 
cent advance.  Jewelers  are  beginning  to 
prepare  for  the  winter  season  and  are 
taking  an  unusual  quantity  of  the  metal. 
Dealers  ask  $34''<(  34.50  per  oz.  for  re- 
fined platinum,  and  S39fu40  per  oz.  for 
hard  metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes,  ui.- 
der  date  of  Sept.  15,  that  the  demand  is 
good  and  the  market  strong.  There  has 
been  some  advance  in  prices.  At  Ekater- 
inburg small  sellers  quote  7.50  rubles  per 
zolotnik — $28.20  per  oz. — for  crude  met- 
al, 83  per  cent,  platinum.  At  St.  Peters- 
burg the  same  grade  brings  28,500  rubles 
per  pood— $27.93  per  oz.  The  customs 
returns  give  the  exports  of  platinum  from 
Russia  for  the  year  ended  June  30  at  150 
poods — 78,960  oz.;  an  increase  of  35 
poods  over  last  year. 


§   METAL'  MARKETS   ^ 


New  York,  Sept.  28 — The  metal  mar- 
kets have  been  quiet  and  show  no  ma- 
terial changes  from  the  conditions  re- 
ported last  week. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


I'MTED     ST.VTKS     .11. 1.1) 

.\Nn   .sii.v 

;i[     MllVEME.NT 

Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold  : 

Aug.  mil).. 

$3,ir)ii.4a:) 

$l-J,K18.(!im 

Iinp.$  9,6r.8,I83 

"       I'.KKI.. 

9,-23ll,-J7;) 

."),:M8.7o7 

Exp.      3.881,.51G 

Year  I'.iKi.. 

5:).4i)5,r,ii.-i 

42.480,781'. 

11,I«).'),SI9 

■■       I'.Kl'.).. 

89,72li,;i92 

•28,754,23.5 

00,972,1.57 

Silv.T: 

Aug.   I'.IU).. 

4,75r..7ns 

4.119,3C2 

Exp.         C3G,34i; 

■•       I'JO'J.. 

4.4'.I-1..').VJ 

3.1911,988 

l,303..ir,4 

Year  I'.ilO.. 

;)i;.'.i:«,:i:>7 

•29,81."),770 

7.118,r.'27 

••     I'Juy.. 

38,'JU3,5!<4 

•29,979,133 

8,924.451 

I'',xport8  from  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
.•ii.li'd  Sept.  2-t  :  (ioUi,  $4(10:  silver.  !f.H7:!.]'.i:i. 
|.rinci|>nlly  to  London  and  Tai-is.  Import.^  : 
(I. .Id,  .ilU'D.SlS,  from  llie  West  Indies.  Soutli 
.Viiierlcn  and  .lapan :  silver,  $75,:il],  chleH.v 
fr.. Ill     >ie\leo. 

Gold  production  in  the  Transvaal  for 
the  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31  was 
$102,326,587;  an  increase  of  $1,684,584 
over  the  corresponding  period   last  year. 


Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  Jan.   1   to  Sept.   15: 

19119.  1910.            ChnngeB. 

Tnilln     £4..-.7i;.-2ll0  £4,4.".H,IK)0  D.    £    118.200 

China l,.vv,,2i«l  1,118,.500  D.         4:lr..70n 

straits 82,800  D.  82,800 

Total £6.214,200      £5.!576,600    D.    £    637,700 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  16.03d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 


SII.TEK    .^XIl 

STEni.IN'G 

i;xcn.\NGE 

Sept. 

22 

23 

'24 

26 

27 

28 

New  York.... 

Loiidnu 

Sterling  Ex. . 

53« 
4.8010 

S3?i 
4.8615 

53K 
4.8025 

63K 

■an 

4.8075 

53Ji 

•24% 

4.8645 

53% 
4.8675 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver  :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterlins 
sliver.  0.02,")   fine. 

Silver — The  silver  market  has  again 
improved  during  the  past  week  on  de- 
mand from  the  Indian  bazaars,  selling  up 
to  24"sd.  on  Sept.  27;  but  closes  lower 
fin  selling  by  Chinese  Banks  at  23-;4d. 
in  London.  The  holdings  of  silver  rupees 
by  the  Government  of  India  show  a  small 
decrease  and  are  about  25  per  cent,  less 
than  the  amount  held  this  time  last  year. 

Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 

NKW  YOUK 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

a 

4^ 

-    _., 

M^ 

,.,- 

>ia 

X"* 

*? 

.-a 

11 

,3^ 

(5| 

s. 

3s 

2 

k 

.  9) 

|2 

mu 

viy. 

12. '25 

4.25 

5.525 

5.371 

22 

(Bvm 

^312. 3.^ 

34  M 

4.10 

rtj)4.30 

(3)5.  on 

/S)5.40 

I'i*. 

12. '25 

4. '26 

5.5'2J 

5.37) 

■23 

(snji 

^12. 35 

34X 

4.40 

rt5)4.30 

ffl5.65 

®5.40 

12  « 

12,25 

4.26 

5. 52  J 

5.37) 

'24 

012'.i 

rS)12,35 

34  Ji 

4.40 

®4.30 

®S.66 

ffl5.40 

12, S 

12.25 

4.25 

5.52k 

5.37) 

'2fi 

(SV'.h 

ffll2.35 

34« 

4.40 

(S4.30 

(3)5.65 

(3)5.40 

12 'i 

12. '25 

4.2S 

5.52J 

6.37) 

'27 

Ca)Vl% 

ffll2.35 

35 

4.40 

®4.30 

(S5.55 

(35.40 

12'. 

12. '25 

4.25 

5.52) 

6.37) 

28 

(n>\iii 

fS)12,35 

.35 

4.40 

(3)4. :t0 

®5.56 

ffl6.40 

Tho  Now  York  (luotallons  for  olortrolytlc 
copper  are  for  cakeM.  ln;;ots  uik)  win-lmrs. 
iind  represent  tlio  bulk  of  the  transactions 
made  with  consumers.  Imsis  New  York.  cash. 
Tlie  i)rlcos  of  casllnc  copper  and  of  electrolytic 
ralliodes  are  usually  o.TJ.'c.  below  tlint  of 
electrolytic.  The  (piotntlons  for  lead  repre- 
sent wlmb'sale  transactions  In  the  open  mar- 
kef.  The  (pmtatlons  on  speller  are  for 
ordinary  \Vestern  brands :  special  brands 
command    n    premium. 


696 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


LONDON 


CO 

Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead, 

Zinc, 

Spot. 

3Mos 

Best 
Sel'td 

Spot. 

.3  M08 

Spau- 
isll. 

Ordi- 
naries. 

32 

55  >i 

555i 

59 

157Ji 

iiTA 

mi 

23% 

23 

55 

55}J 

59 

1581^ 

157% 

mi 

23'/. 

04 

26 

55); 

35H 

59 

158  ii 

158 

im 

23'A 

27 

55^ 

55Ji 

59 

159JJ 

139  « 

l-iH 

23y, 

28 

53  ■« 

55?^ 

59 

159  ;< 

159 

12?4 

23^ 

The  ahove  lalilp  give.-,  the  elosiug  quota- 
tions on  London  Metal  Kxcbanw.  All  pi-ices 
are  in  pounds  sterling  pel-  ton  of  i;l'41I  lb. 
Copper  iiiiotations  are  tor  .standard  copper, 
spot  and  tlu-ee  months  .and  tor  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  being  sub.iect  to  '^ 
per  cent,  discount.  I-'or  convi-nii-nce  in  com- 
parison of  Loudon  prices  in  pounds  sterling 
per  12:;4U  lb.,  with  .Vmerican  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  tolli>wiug  approximate  ratios 
are  given;  £10  =  L'.IT ':.c. :  £1:;  =  li.illc. ; 
£23  =  5c. :    £60  =  i:i.u-lc.  ±  £1  =    ±   O.iil^c. 

Copper — The  market  remains  dull. 
While  manufacturers  both  in  this  country 
and  abroad  are  busy  and  consumption 
is  proceeding  at  a  good  rate,  there  is 
little  buying  at  the  moment.  On  the 
other  hand,  producers  are  confident  that 
the  position  of  the  metal  is  improving 
and  are  not  pressing  sales.  The  mar- 
ket has  been  made  chiefly  by  two  or  three 
sellers  who  have  been  desirous  of  moving 
relatively  small  lots  and  by  offerings  of 
second-hand  lots  which  increased  buying 
would  quickly  absorb.  An  encouraging 
feature  of  the  week  has  been  some  sub- 
stantial transactions  in  Lake  copper  at 
prices  ranging  up  ot  12'4C.  At  the  close, 
Lake  copper  is  quoted  at  il'^ttOi  12-K|C., 
electrolytic  copper  in  cakes,  wirebars  and 
ingots  at  \2.25(<i  12.35c.  Casting  cop- 
per is  quoted  nominally  at  \2]/iOi  \2]/^ 
cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  \S((i  I9c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  standard  market  has  been  quiet  but 
firm.  In  the  absence  of  any  speculation, 
the  turnover  has  been  small.  The  mar- 
ket closes  7s.  6d.  higher  than  last  week, 
at  £55  2s.  6d.  for  spot,  and  £55  17s.  6d. 
for  three  months. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  9118  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1533  tons. 

Tin — Good  sized  orders  placed  by 
American  dealers  in  the  London  market 
tended  to  give  the  latter  an  appearance 
of  strength.  Prices  advanced  easily  froin 
the  low  of  last  week  to  close  at  £159  2s. 
6d.  for  spot,  and  £159  for  three  months. 

In  the  domestic  market,  the  principal 
transactions  took  place  among  dealers, 
who  took  advantage  of  the  lower  prices  to 
accumulate  some  stock.  Corsumcrs  seem 
still  to  be  holding  aloof.  A  further  lot  of 
100  tons  was  reshipped  to  London.  Al 
the  close  October  tin  can  be  bought  at 
about  35  cents. 

Exports  of  tin   from  the  Straits,  seven 


months  ended  July  31  were:  United 
States,  7819;  Great  Britain,  19,473;  Eu- 
ropean continent,  3775;  China,  122;  India, 
107G;  total,  32,265  long  tons.  This  is  a 
decrease  of  2544  tons   from   last  year. 

Lead — There  has  been  a  somewhat  bet- 
ter demand  at  last  prices,"  4.40c.,  -New 
York,  and  4.27 '/.  fr/ 4.30c.  St.  Louis. 

The  European  market  is  strong  and  has 
advanced  to  £12  15s.  for  Spanish  lead, 
and  £12   18s.  9d.  for  English. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  direc- 
tors of  the  National  Lead  Company, 
Wm.  W.  Lawrence,  formerly  vice- 
president,  was  elected  president  to  suc- 
ceed the  late  L.  A.  Cole.  E.  J.  Cornish, 
a  director,  was  elected  vice-president. 
M.  D.  Cole,  a  son  of  the  late  President 
Cole,  was  appointed  treasurer. 

Spelter — The  market  is  quiet  but  firm. 
Consumption  is  good,  both  in  the  gal- 
vanizing and  brass  trade,  and  buyers 
generally  do  not  appear  to  be  well 
covered.  The  market  closes  at  5.37  ^'S' 
5.40c.  St.  Louis,  and  5.52^  (« 5.55c.  New 
York. 

The  European  market  continues  strong 
and  it  is  reported  that  the  metal  is  be- 
coming scarce.  Good  ordinaries  are 
quoted  at  £23  10s.,  and  specials  at  £23 
15s.   per  ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  .S7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

Referring  to  some  recent  remarks  in  the 
Journal  on  the  subject  of  special  brands 
of  spelter,  a  prominent  smelter  informs 
us  that  it  now  finds  it  impossible  to  make 
any  brass  special  out  of  any  Joplin  or 
western  ore  that  does  not  contain  0.20  to 
0.40  per  cent,  cadmium,  0.30  to  0.80  lead 
and  0.03  per  cent.  iron. 

The  quotation  for  spelter,  good  ordi- 
nary brands,  at  Londcn  for  the  week  end- 
ing June  29,  1910,  was  given  erroneously, 
by  a  clerical  error,  in  the  Journal  of  July 
2,  1910,  as  £22  15s.  instead  of  £22  5s., 
the  latter  being  the  correct  figure  for  that 
date. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  is  dull,  with 
little  or  no  business  doing.  In  the  ab- 
sence of  sales,  prices  are  nominally  un- 
changed at  21':- r(7  22c.  per  lb.  for  No.  1 
ingots. 

Antimony — There  is  no  change  in  the 
market,  and  business  remains  on  a  retail 
basis.  Prices  are  nominally  unchanged 
at  8\i(ri8^4c.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  7"-; 
(ii 8c.  for  U.  S.,  and  liidl'lHc.  for  out- 
side brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  remains  good 
and  prices  unchanged.  New  York  quo- 
tations are  $46  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for 
large  lots;  $47C(i48  for  jobbing  orders. 
San  Francisco,  $45.50  for  domestic  orders 
and  $2  less  for  export.  The  London 
price  is  £8  12s.  6d.  per  flask,  with  ,£8  6s. 
3d.   quoted   by  second   hands. 


Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40'((45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50e. 
for  500-lb.  lots,  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
r«70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New- 
York,  according  to  quality  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  SI. 50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Sept.  24 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc-sulphide  ore  was  $48,  the 
base,  .S4!f((45  per  ton  of  60  per  cent, 
zinc.  Zinc-silicate  ore  sold  at  S20'((24 
per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  aver- 
age price,  all  grades  of  zinc  ore,  was 
S39.80  per  ton.  The  highest  price  paid 
for  lead  ore  was  S56,  and  the  average 
prices,  all  grades,  was  $54.52  per  ton. 

For  the  first  time  in  a  couple  of  months 
zinc  ores  grading  60  per  cent,  zinc  and 
better  sold  on  a  higher  base  price  than 
ores  under  that,  the  demand  for  the  lower 
grades  dropping  very  hastily  to  $41  base 
and  the  best  ores  to  a  $42.50  base  at  the 
week-end. 

SIIII'MENTS,  WEEK   EXIIED  St-H'T.  24. 


I 

Zinc.  lb.  Lead  lb. 


Wclib  Clty-Carterville 

Jojilin 

Granby  

Badger 

Du<*n\veg 

Alba-Neclc 

Galena 

^1  i.-tnii 

Carthage 

Spurgeou 

Aurora 

Jackson 

Quajiaw 

Oronogo 

Sarcoxie 

Carl  Junction 

Cave  Sijrings 

Seneca 


Totals 


4,749,1120 

2,095,:i00 

2,18I>,II.5U 

103,280 

1,014.930 

83C.,580 

7II(>,780 

4i;2,180 

3«8,l'.lll 

324.670 

•247,310 

2i;i  ,440 

2.ill,.53Q 

2111.530 

31.-,,990 

lU.COO 

."il  ,4.>0 

(11,390 


14,330,030 


928, 09(1 
l('.l,0-20 

12,900 
820,170 

63,630 


85.070 
128,390 


80,090 

t'.O.OHO 

8,410 

4,61)0 


Value. 


$127,6-25 
.■)U.51» 
3.5,600 
'24,874 
21,548 
19,240 
17,181 
10.463 
8,549 
(1,808 
.1,6(17 
5,3.'J9 
4,8H(i 
4,162 
4.066 
1,464 
1,08(1 
71S 


368,7911     $349,792 


9  ninuths 

Zinc  value,  the  week,  $285,204; 
Lead  v.allie,  the  week,      04, 588; 


436,849,470  03,683,010  $111.2-23,899 
9  mos.,  $M.-i81,4«(l 
9mo3.,    l,(.42,4r.i 


MiiNTiiLY  avi-:i!A(;e  rnu'Es. 


Mouth. 


January. . . 
FiMiruary.. 

^lai-ch 

April 

May 

June 

Jldv 

August 

S(-|.Icniher 

llclcber 

NovouilKU-. 
L>ec('inb(U'. 

Year 


Base  Price, 


1909.     1910. 


$41.-25 
30.04 
37.40 
38.63 
40 .  06 
44.15 
43.06 
48, -26 
47,70 
49.50 
51.31 
49.45 


$43.98 


$47,31 
40. 69 
43 .  60 
41.1K1 
■40.19 
40.20 
39.63 
40,13 


All  Ores. 


1909.     1910. 


$41.-20 


Ll!AD  OBE. 


1909.     1910. 


$54.60 


$66,911  , 
63.64 
5L26. 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48.69 
49.75 


Xo-i-i:  -t'urtev  zinc  oi-e  the  first  two  col- 
umns give  base  prices  f(u-  (10  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  the  set-oud  Iwo  the  avei-ag(>  for  all  ores 
sold.  Lend  ore  i>i-lceR  are  the  average  for 
all    ores   sold. 

Platfeville.  Wis.,   Sept.   24— The   base 

price  paid  for  60  per  cent,  zinc  ore  was 


October  1,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


697 


44''((45  per  ton;  no  premium  was  paid 
vcr  the  base.  The  base  price  paid  for  80 
er  cent.  lead  ore  was  S52  per  ton.  The 
,eel\'s  ore  shipment  is  the  highest  on 
ecord  for  this  district;  the  total  shipped 
rom  the  mines  was  6,079,685  lb.,  all 
rades  of  zinc  ore. 

Sllir.MICNTS.  WEEK   ENDED  SEPT.  24. 


chrome  and  800  tons  copper  ore.  June  shares  Trout  Lake  Copper  Company,  with 
shipments  of  chrome  ore  included  one  several  overdue  notes,  sold  at  S6  for  the 
cargo,  2095  tons,  for  New  York,  direct.  lot. 


CHEM ICALS 


Cam  ps. 

Zinc 
(ire.  \b. 

Lead 
(ire.  lb. 

Silllilmr 
(n-e,  lb. 

iiti-villf 

1  ti'i'al  Point. .. . 

....      7.51  .-270 
710  7.30 

"siitiid 

353,500 

000  985 

1,,,'r 

355  31H) 

i  city 

■    n 

....      330.920 
289,920 

0.31.035 

ilalKl   

180.800 

-'  villp 

52.0(H) 

'  m.m) 

88.410 
231,020 

II. I. -n     

120.790 

85,900 

1  ital 

3.307.925 

1,191,825 

■iiV  tn  clatp 

. . .  72,029,090 

7.251.924 

19.983,&'i0 

Shipped  during  the  week  to  separating 
lants,  3,764,860   lb.   zinc   ore. 

Other  Ore  Markets 

Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
uperior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
re:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent, 
on  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — $5  per 
)n  for  Old  Range  and  $4.75  for  Mesabi; 
onbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization 
f  sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
xists,  according  to  quantity  and  location 
f  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
round  50  to  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
ad  at  S3r((3.50  per  ton,  f.Q.b.  mines; 
ut  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
xed  by  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
)r  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
Dntent,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
ant.  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
hosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
inge  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
;nt.  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
2ss  of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
nd  huebnerite  ores,  $6.S00i7  per  unit 
er  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  60 
er  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
e  ores,  50c.(iiS\.50  per  unit  less. 

Zinc  Ores — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende, 
f  good  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
nd  lead  content,  delivered  at  Kansas 
melting  points,  the  current  price  is  for 
he  zinc  content,  less  eight  units,  at  the 
■t.  Louis  price  of  spelter,  less  S\4oi  15 
er  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also  Joplin  and 
ifisconsin  ore   markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  furnace  sizes  fetch 
IfMlf/.c.  per  unit  at  mines;  fines,  10.)4 
I 'lie.  Pyrites  containing  arsenic  realize 
rom  y<r(i\'^,c.  per  unit  less.  Delivery 
0  Eastern  acid  works  costs  from  2  to  3c. 
per  unit  more.  Most  contracts  are  made 
'.o.b.  mines. 

I  New  Caledonia  Ores 

I  Shipments  of  ore  from  New  Caledonia 
'or  the  six  months  ended  June  30  were 
i8,859  metric  tons  nickel  ore,  15,240  tons 


jVeif  York,  Sept.  28 — The  general  mar- 
ket exhibits  a  slight  stiffening  in  prices 
although  the  trading  is  still  compara- 
tively   quiet. 

Announcement  is  made  of  the  trans- 
fer of  the  Peyton  Chemical  Company  to 
the  General  Chemical  Company,  of  Cali- 
fornia; and  of  the  removal  of  the  gen- 
eral offices  to  the  Royal  Insurance  build- 
ing, San   Francisco. 

Copper  Sulphate — There  is  a  fair  mar- 
ket for  this  article,  with  quotations  firm 
at  S4  per  100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and 
S4.25    for   smaller   parcels. 

Arsenic — There  is  a  slight  stiffening 
in  the  market.  White  arsenic  is  now 
quoted  at  $2.37':.  per  100  lb.  for  all  po- 
sitions. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — The  West  coast  of 
South  America  and  Europe  both  hold 
nitrate  at  firm  prices;  but  there  is  little 
trading  in  New  York  just  now.  Prices 
here  are  2. 12;i.c.  per  lb.  for  spot  nitrate 
and  2.15c.  for  futures. 


Petroleum 

Production  reports  from  various  re- 
gions, as  reported  by  Oil  and  Gas  Journal 
for  the  month  of  August,  in  barrels  of 
42  gal.  each: 

Ea.-^tern    districts ■_'.t)4'-'.."i44 

iiiiiKiis    2.r,Tj.sr>i) 

(Jdif    coast l,(i--'."i,!)8:^ 

okialiiiraa   and   Kansas 4.."i41  .:il.S 

Calildi-nia     6.74:^.159 


Total 1 7..'>2.-).863 

The  Eastern  districts  include  New- 
York,  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia,  Ken- 
tucky, Ohio  and  Indiana;  Gulf  Coast  in- 
cludes southeast  Texas  and  Louisiana. 


6^  MINING -STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Sept.  28 — The  general  stock 
market  has  again  been  dull  and  has  lost 
some  of  the  advances  made  last  week. 
The  trading  has  been  mainly  of  a  pro- 
fessional sort  and  there  has  been  no 
special  tendency,  but  an  evident  waiting 
for  something  to  turn  up. 

Sales  of  Homestake,  of  South  Dakota, 
were  reported,  at  ,$85. 50  (</ 86.50  per 
share. 

The  Curb  was  again  dull  and  showed 
small  fluctuations  on  moderate  trading. 
Jumbo  Extension  recorded  some  sales, 
but  the  other  Nevada  stocks  were  slow. 
There  was  some  trading  in  the  Cobalts, 
chiefly  in  Kerr  Lake  and  Nipissing.  In 
the  copper  stocks  Chino,  Keystone  and 
Ray  Central  were  the  active  ones,  but 
made  only  small  changes. 

At  auction  in  New  York,  Sept.  23,  one 
SI 000  bond  of  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie 
(.>!  Western  Coal  and  Railroad  Company, 
brought  $1062.50;   a   lot,   including    .000 


Boston,  Sept.  27 — This  market  is  one 
of  specialties  and  a  few  have  done  some 
good  stunts  marketwise,  which  has  tended 
to  create  a  better  feeling  all  around.  Sen- 
timent is  purely  optimistic.  Trading  is 
largely  professional  in  the  mining-share 
list  and  almost  without  significance. 

The  heaviness  of  Amalgamated  in  New 
York  tends  to  restrict  trading,  although 
belief  is  general  that  this  stock  is  pretty 
well  controlled  by  inside  interests.  Lake 
Copper  had  a  sharp  spurt  last  week,  but 

COI'TEI!    rUODT'CTIOX   nEPOKTS. 
('(.pper  cont(^tt«  of  blistPi-  copper,   in  pounds. 


Company. 


Arizona,  Ltd 

Balaklala 

Bolpo  (Mexico) 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  ^^:  .\ri2 

Cauanoa  (Mexico),. 

Detroit 

Imperial 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Doitiinion 

Shannon 

Superioi-  &  Pitts.... 

Utah  Cojjper  Co 

Butte  District 

Lake  Superior 

Total  production 
Imports,  bans,  (^tc.. 
Imp.  In  ore  &  matte 

Total 


June. 


2,802,000 

1.226.(KK) 

2.115.314 

10.219,i;87 

2.49(1.(KX) 

1.280,00( 

2.m7.(HK) 

800.00( 

G,18(;,K32 

2,092,000 

1 ,528.000 

2.245.000 

K.3."i8.490 

23.750.000 

18.000.00( 


8S,I3(I.:I29 

2(»,817,978 

5,579,018 


114,527,915 


July. 


2,910,000 

1,100,000 

2,272,000 

10,730,372 

2,705,000 

4,."i(IO,000 

1,800.0(K1 

SOO.IMXI 

0.890,429 

2.000.000 

2.207,000 

2,224,WKI 

8,077,000 

23,750,IK)0 

19,000,000 


90,804.411 
17,714.0;i4 
0,037,830 


115,156,281 


Aufruftt, 


2,620.000 

'2.0:i9..")20 

9,420,703 

■J,500,0(K) 

3,620,000 

2.100.000 

400.(HX) 

5,800,000 

2.693.000 

1.540,000 

2,520,0(K) 

7.440,035 

23,750  000 

18,800.000 


85,221,318 


r.dllc  district  and  Lake  .Superioi-  figures  are 
i-slimalcd :  olheis  are  leporis  received  j'roni 
cniiianics.  Imports  dnplicale  production  of 
(-aiianea.  and  lliat  part  of  Cupper  Qu(>en  pi-o- 
ductiou  wliicli  comes  fi-om  Nacozari.  Holeo 
cojjper  does  not  come  to  American  rotiners. 
riah  f'opper  report  includes  the  output '  of 
the   P.oston    mill. 


STATlS-ril-S   DF  (-OI'I'ER. 

Month. 

United 

States 

Product-n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

DeliverleB 
for  Export. 

IX,  1909 

X             

118.0-23.139 
l-24.(-,.57.709 
121.018.369 
117,8-28,055 

52,105,955 
60,3.59,617 
60,867,873 
69.519,501 

50.077.777 
50.261. '238 
55,200,595 
69..540,670 

XI     

SII 

Year 

l,4O5,4o:i,050 

705,051,691 

680,942.620 

I. 1910 

II      . 

116,.-i47,-287 
112,712,493 
120,007,407 
117,477,639 
1-23,242,476 
1-27,219,188 
118,370,003 
127,803,018 

78,1,58,387 
66,018,322 
62,844,818 
67,985,951 
59,305,222 
53.:103,196 
56  708  175 

81,091,672 
37,3(-.9,618 
40,585,767 
31..332,434 
46.495,400 
05.895,948 

/^(l  in7  1C.7 

Ill 

IV      

V 

VI.     .         .   . 

VII   

VIII 

VISIBLE  STOCKS, 

rnited 
Slates. 

Europe. 

Total. 

IX,  1909 

X 

XI 

XII 

I,   1910 

II 

Ill 

IV 

135,196,930 
151,472,772 
153,.509,(-,-26 
l.Vl,003.5-2" 
141.700.111 
98.403.339 
107.187.992 
l-.'3.K-2.l.S74 
141.984.1.V.) 
l(;o  4-25.973 
108,386,017 
17O,0i0,078 
10M,8Kl.-245 

197.993,(M0 
210.-2-24.lKHI 
■2-22.56(-,,400 
■236,»57,000 
-244,-J(H,8(K) 
248,2:i(-.,800 
■264.1.5(1,4IHJ 
249,626,000 
216.870,400 
•239,142,400 
232,892,800 
2-22,:)20,(XH) 
218,444,800 

3.33.190.630 
;l61.(i90.772 
376.0. -(-,.026 
3N9.S(-.l.l-27 

:i8.-.,97(i.9n 
340. 7(10,139 
361,:i3.s,a92 
:173,460.474 
:t8K, 864.669 
399.5CJ<.373 
401  .-278.817 
392.900. 678 
387,326,(J45 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

Fleures  aie  in  pounds  of  line  coppei-.  T'.  S. 
Iiroductlon  inclodes  nil  co])per  i-ellned  in  tlilg 
('(mnlr.v.  boih  from  domesllc  and  imported 
material.  Visible  stocks  are  thORe  reported 
on  the  lirst  day  of  each  month,  as  brought 
over   from   the  jirecedln;:  month. 


698 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  1,  1910. 


it  was  purely  a  market  demonstration  and 
did  not  hold.  U.  S.  Coal  and  Oil  and 
American  Zinc  have  been  the  active  fea- 
tures. An  early  resumption  of  dividend 
payments  is  expected  in  the  former,  which 
has  caused  an  advance  to  above  $40. 
The  stock  is  largely  held  by  insiders  and 
talk  is  that  dividends  will  be  resumed  in 
December  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent. 
Zinc's  advance  is  due  to  strength  of 
spelter  and  the  fict  that  there  is  a  pool 
in  the  issue.  This  stock  has  a  fair  dis- 
tribution. 

Trading  on  the  Curb  has  been  of  fair 
volume  with  Chino  the  active  and  strong 
feature.  Nevada-Utah  had  a  spasm  of 
strength  in  anticipation  of  some  sort  of 
a  forthcoming  reorganization.  Rhode 
Island  Coal  begins  to  show  signs  of 
strength. 

Assessments 


Compauy. 


Dflimi. 


American,  Iiia Sept. 

Blackhawk  M.  &D.,I(ia Sept. 

Black  Jack  tJtah 'Oct. 

Champiini  Coijper.  Ida Sept. 

Cohimbua  Ext.,  Utah Oct. 

C"lusa.  Ida JAug. 

Dalmatia,  Iiia iSept. 

El.v  Con.,  Nev ! 

Hancock  Con.,  MicU Oct. 

Hvpothek,  Ida Sept. 

Little  Bntte.  Ida Sept. 

OJibway,  Mich Oct. 

Phednia  S.-L..  Ida Sept. 

Eelndeer  C.  &  G..  Ida Sept. 

Rh.ide  Island,  Ida Sept. 

Saltese  Con.,  Ida Sept. 

Savage.  Nev 'Sept. 

Silver  Cliff  G.  &  C,  Ida Sept. 

Snow  Shoe,  Ida Sept. 

Sonora  M.  &  M.,  Ida 'Sept. 

Union,  Nev I  Sept. 

YeUow  Jacket,  Xev [Sept. 


Oct. 
Oct. 


Oct.    26 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


Oct. 
Oct. 


1(1 
12 
l.i 
1 
1.5  Oct. 

o;oct. 

1-1  Oct. 

20INOV. 


Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 


Aint. 


$0,002 
0.005 
0.01 
0.002 
0.01 
0.002 
U.OOl 
0.05 
1  00 
0  005 
0.002 
1.00 


0.005 
0.001 
0.001 
13j  0.10 
60.002* 
31!  0.01 
In  0.001* 
1!)1   0.10 
20    0.15 


*One-lialf   mill. 


Monthly  .\verapfe  Prices  of  Metals 

sii.vicr. 


Month. 


January — 
Felirviary... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

AU4:rust 

September. 
October. . . . 
November. 
December.. 

Total 


111(11).    1010. 


London. 


1909.     1910. 


23.843  24. 
23.706  23 
23 . 227  23 


,".1.7.511  .52.3' 
51  472  51 .  534 
.511.468.51.4.54 
51.428;53.221  23.7(18  24 
.52. 905J53. 8711  24.343 
52.53853.462  21.1i;i;  24 
1.043  54. ISO'23. 519 


51.125 
51.440 
50  923 
50.703 
.52.226 


52.912  23.588 
23.743 
123.602 
,23.3.51 
124.030 


d   .502  . 


23.706 


1.94 
794 
Kill 
4S3 
,  797 
,  6,51 
(134 
.428 


Xpw    York,    cents    per    tine    ounce:    London, 
pence    |jer    standard    ounce. 


cori'ia!. 

NEW  YOBK. 

Loudon. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

19(». 

1910. 

January 

13 ,  893 

13  620 

14.280  13.870 

61.198 

60.923 

February.. . . 

12,949 

13.332 

13.295113.719 

.57.  (M8 

.59.;i88 

Mai-ch 

12.387 

13.2.55 

12.826 

13. 586 

.56.231 

59.214 

April 

12,56} 

12.733 

12.93J 

13.  Dili 

.57.363 

.57.2:18 

May 

12,893 

12. 5.50 

13,238 

12   885.59. 338 

56.313 

Jun(i 

13.214  12   104' 13  .548 

12.79h'.59,627 

55.310 

July 

12.88(1  12  215  13.363 

12.57ll.58..556|.54.r.l4 

AUKUSt 

13.007 

12.490 

13.296 

12. 715|59. 393  .53.733 

September  . . 

12.870 

13.il0 

|59.0'21 

Ociobf^r 

12.700 

13.  Otto 

57.. 5.51 

November... 

13.125 

13.35* 

.98.917 

December... 

13.298 

13. Ul 

.99. 908 

Tear 

12.982 

13.3:)5 

58.7.32 

Xew  York,  cents  per  pound.  Klectrolylic  is 
for  cakes.  Inpots  or  wirehnrs.  I,oncion.  pounds 
sterling,   per   lontr   ton,   standard   copper. 


TIN 

AT    NEW    YORK 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Mouth. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February  . . 

JIarch 

April 

May 

June 

28.060 
28.290 
28.727 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

32.700 
:J2.920 
32.403 
32.976 
33.12.9 
32.769 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

No%-ember.. 
December. . 

Av.  Tear.. 

29.125 
29.966 
30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
33.913 

32.695 
33.972 

29.725 

SAX  I-'UAXCISCO. 


Sept. 


arc   in    cents   jiei-   poiintl. 


I,EAD 


Month. 

Xew  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

19U9. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February., . . 

March 

April 

4.173 
4.018 
3.986 
4.168 
4.287 
4.35(1 
4.321 
4.363 
4,342 
4.341 
4.370 
4.560 

4.700 
4.1il3 
4.459 
4.:t76 
4.315 
4.:i43 
4.404 
4 .  400 



4.023 
3.868 
3.833 
4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4 .  227 
4.213 
4.215 
4.2,52 
4.4.59 

4 .  582 
4.443 
4.307 
4.223 
4 .  164 
4.2(17 
4.291 
4.29(1 

13.113 
13.313 
13 . 438 
13.297 
1  :i ,  223 
i;i  (i;ti 

12.,56:( 

13.175 
13.047 
13.123 

13.650 
13.328 
13.0(13 
12  (41 
12  350 

12  (K8 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

12,. 531 
12.313 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New   York   .TUd   St.    I.ouis.   cents  per   pound. 
lyOndon.  pounds  sterlin.c  per  long  ton. 

SrEI.TER 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.   Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5.9.51 

21.425 

23.350 

February 

4.889 

5.. 569 

4.739 

5.419 

21.3(V2 

23,188 

March 

4.737 

5.6:17 

4.607 

5.487 

21.4:l.s 

2:),  (.131 

April 

4.965 

5.4:i9 

4.815 

5.289 

21.5:11 

22 ,  4159 

May 

3.124 
5,402 

5,191 
3.128 

4.974 
5.2.52 

5.041 
4.97S 

21.973 
22  (11 1(1 

22.100 

Juno 

22  1 1:14 

July 

5.402 

3.1.52 

5 . 2.92 

5.0(12 

21.969 

22  400 

August 

5.729 

3.279 

5.579 

5.129 

22.125 

22.800 

September  . . 

5.796 

5.646 

22.906 

October 

6.199 

6.043 

23.200 

November... 

6.381 

6.2.31 

23.188 

December. . . 

6.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Year 

5,503 

5.:i52 

22,201 

Xen-   York   and   St.   I.ouis.   cents   per   pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 

TRICES  OF  PIG   IROX  AT   PlTTSBfitG. 


January.. . 
Fdiruarv., 

Maivh 

.\pril 

May 

June 

July 

August . , . . 
September 
(ict..ber... 
N"vcmber 
December 

Year 


Bessemer. 


1909.     1910.     1909      1910. 


$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
15.79 
15.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.76 
19.90 
19.90 


$19.90  $1(', 40 
18,96'   16,09 


Bas  ,c. 


18,631 
18.28 
17.10 
16.52 
16.40 
16.09 


$17.46  $10.46 


15.84 
15.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.1' 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 


$17.96 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 


No.  2 
FoundiT- 


$16.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 


$16.40 


$17.94 
17.:i8 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15. 53 
15.40 
15.16 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Sept.  27    SALT  LAKE        Sept.  27 


Name  of  Comp. 


Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'kCon. 

C.  K.  itN 

Woctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elktxm  Con 

El  Pa.so 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

Flndlay 

Gidd  D.>llar 

(i*dd  Sovereign.. 

Isabi'lla 

Jennl(^  Semple  . . 

Lexington 

Moon  Anchor 

Old  Gold 

Mary  :\IcKlnney. 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

VInilicator 

Work 


Bid. 


.05: 
.02| 
.17J 
.10 
.74: 
.85 
t.031 
.08' 
.141 
.03* 
.18* 

.lor 

.01 
.03 
.04! 
t.53 

1.05 
.92 
.04 


Name  ol  Comp. 

Bid. 

Bingham  Copper. 

.15 

Carisa 

.15 

Colorado  Mining. 

.32 

Columbu.s  Con... 

.39* 

Delv  Judge 

4.25 

Grand  Central 

1.05 

Iron  Blossom 

.71 

Little  Bell 

n.io 

Little  Chii'f 

t  22 

Lftwer  Mammoth. 

.11 

Mason  Valley 

8.25 

MaJ.   Mines 

t.53 

.«5i 
2.40 

Nevada  Hills 

New  Y^ork 

.69 

Prince  Con 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

2.10 

Slou.x  Con 

.26 

Unclo  Ham 

.22 

Victoria 

11.07* 

Name  of  Comp.      Clg.        N^me  of  Comp.      Bid. 


CoMSTocK  Stocks 


AUa.... 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  Curi-y.... 
Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Mexican 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada.... 

TJiiioii  Con 

Yellow  Jacket.... 


J. 10 
..55 
.35 
.30 
.20 
.12 
..90 

1.00 
.60 
.11 
.25 

1.02i 
.42" 

1.07  J 
.50 

.20 
.16 
.34 
.50 


MISC.  Net.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

•Vtlanta , 

Booth , 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Bed  Hill 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka. . 
So.  Eureka 


4.30 
.03 
.27 
.27 
.20 
.05 
.54  ■ 
.11 

t.io 

t.l7 
.38 
.63 

.06 

.03 

.09 

XM 

.04 

11.00 

1.97 

t".00 


X.  Y.  EXCH.        Sept.  27     BOSTON  EXCH.  Sept.  27 


Name  of  Comp. 

Clg. 

Amalgamated 

61,'. 

Am.  Agri.  Chem .  . 

1« 

Am.Sm.v*;Rpf.,com 

66  y 

Am.Sm.  &Rof.,pf. 

1103% 

139 
158 

BethlehemSteelpt 

Col.  &Hock.C.  &  I. 

viy,. 

Federal  M.  &  S... 

136 

Coldfield  Con 

»% 

Great  Nor., orectl. 

SHi 

Homestake 

86}^ 

XafnalLead.com. 

52 

National  Lead,  pt. 

1103 

Nev.  Tonsol 

w% 

Pittsburg  Coal — 

17 

EepublicI.tS.com. 

31  >^ 

Republic  I  &S,  pf. 

92  ^i 

SlossShefli'd.com. 

0.1  (., 

Sloss  Sheffleld,  pf. 

1116 

Tennessee  Copper 

MU 

Utah  Copper 

4.5  S 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

67% 

U.  S.  Steel,  pt 

1163i 

Va.  Car.  Chem 

68  V4 

Name  of  Comp. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Sept.  27 


Name  of  Comp. 


.\riz.-Cananea .... 

Barnes  Ring 

Bonai  za  Creek. . . 
Brad,  u  Copper... 

B.  C    Jopper 

Buf..,lo  Mines 

Bu    e  Coalition. . . 

C'll.'donia 

.*inmet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Jlines. . 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Con.  .\riz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dolores 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Cou 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Glroux 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  R..se 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  i>f  .\m.. 
Mont.  Shoshone.. 
Alont.-Tonopah. . . 
Nev.  Utah  M.  8c  8. 
Nipissing  Mines.. 

i>hi»i  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M.. 
Preci'uis  Metals.. 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah 

Tonoj  lah  Ex 

Tri-Bullton 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


4'i 
l?»i 
13 

5', 

2>4 

18% 

?.' 

.89     I 

fi% 
18>a- 

0 

lis 

5h 
7 
.30 

2% 

6!J 

6% 

11  ?i 

l)i 

180 

3' 
.97 

MJi 
57     i 

t.37>i: 

1.92 
% 
11 

%' 

1%, 

2>,- 

18, Si 

1% 

600 

1.05     i 

315! 


LONDON       Sept.  28 


Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton*sInd. 

Camp  Bird 

Esperanza.... 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Oroville 

Mexico  Mines 


Adventure 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com . 

Atlantic 

Boston  Con 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin . . 

Butte  &  Balak 

Calumet  &  .\riz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royal© 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

INorth  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon \... 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best. . 
Superior  &  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

D.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf.. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


Bid. 


5 

J40 

27X 
5 

16X 

16 
118 
.50 

i3;< 

S7X 
543 
tl5X 

6 
66 

3 

7 
lOJf 
31 
19X 

1^* 
20X 

3X 
33)i 

9X 

^H 

i 
46« 
19JJ 
25X 
X»)i 
t5 
3aii 
1-25. 
12Ji 
70 

9X 

i»H 

7» 
11 
58 
i)i 
138 
«X 

tax 

22X 

m 
1 

115 
IH 


BOSTON  CURB  Sept.  27 


Name  ol  Comp. 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve — 

First  Nat.  Cop 

Inspiration 

..i.-.ckinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas. . 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper 

Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  .Antonio 

Shattuck-Arlz . . . 

South  Lake 

Supericir  *  Globe 

Trethewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Last. 


185 

.osS 

IH 

lOX 

.09 
■Hi 

?^ 

.42 

.52 

at 
3 

8« 
J<i 
121 
7X 

.87 


ILast  quotation. 


UUUUMUUUUIIUUUMM<lMUVM.MMMVVVVV.UV.U«.«V«UMM«.WIUM»iUVVVUUVUMUVMMU 


i^ 


THE 


ENGINEERING 


AND 

spa 


MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       "WEEKLY 


%. 


I^/I^\- 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  <%.  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary -%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Engminjour,  N.  Y.^'^,  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
tuco,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  >%,  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  •%,  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ■%,  .\dvertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


OCTOBER  8,  iQio. 


NO.  15 


Till 


ClRCUl.ATWy    tiTATEMEM 

Durini;  li)(l9  ire  inintcd  unit  ciiriitntril 
534,500  copir.i  of  The  Exgineeking  and 
Mining  .Jiuknal. 

Our  circulation  for  Scptcmhcr,  1!)10.  was 
39,500  coiiic.i. 

October   1 l:;,."iiHi 

October   8 0,."iO()     • 

Tfone  sent  free  reiiularlii,  no  liark  numbers. 
Fiftures   are   lire,   net   eirenlatinn. 


Contents  i 

Kditorials  : 

A  rnmpaJ;:n  against   Kraiui 

Tho   Granhy    Report 

New  Cljincy  Cyanifli'  Tatents 

'  i;tils    of    rractical    Mining: 

•Ventilation  liy  Suction.  ..  .Collapsi- 
ble Tank  for  Washing;  Hlneprints. . .  . 
•fJate  for  l)ry-concentrate  Hin....A 
Mine  Surveyor's  Spud.  ...  ♦improve- 
ments in  Mine  Uunks.  .  .  .  *Inji'ction 
of  (Jrouting  ISeliinii  Shaft  Tuhlilni; 
....  •Klectfic  Locomotive  Kepair 
rit.... Steel  Ore  Chutes  for  fse  In 
Hlch-crade  Stopes  ....  Steel  Dredgre 
for  India.  .  .  .  I.ahor  Saving  Appli- 
ances In  tile  Laboratory  ....  Powder 
Storage   fnderground.  .  .  .Ked   Lights 

to  .Mark  Wlnzns 

\nnnal   Ueport  of  .\laska-Treadwell  Com- 
pany     

-■hefteis    &    Co.    Kalded    by    Federal    Au- 
thorities     

-  .\ngeles   Meeting  of   American    Mining 

Congress Special    CorrcHponilenee 

••■■w   riant   for   Washing  Iron   Ore.   Mes- 

abl  liange E.  K.  Soper 

•  used   Cse  of  Cement 

Mi'chanlgraph 

M's    and    Mill    of    Montezuma    Jllnes, 

I'osta   Uka S.  /■'.  Hhair 

Kloctrolytlc     Copper     Iteflnlng     in     Aus- 
tralia— I a.  U.   niakcmore 

■  Akins  ClassKler 

lalions  and  Volley  of  Dolconth  Mine. 
I. o  ml  on    Cnrrenpontlence 

':ish    Iii(Iu«lrv   In    Austria 

'■;nrlsiui-Whlpple     Condenser    and     Rail 

Machine Ifusiel   (Inrrinon 

^•■rk    of    Mines    Trials    Committee. 

JolinnncHbunt  Correspontleuce 


A    Campaign    Against  Fraud 


« 


•I    Tiata   from   (Juanaluato 

'iold  Mining  Industry  in  Hliodesla. 

London    CorrcHptinifenrc 
Vonrsiioi-cl   Diamond   Mine  in    mnO. 

.loltannrsUiiro    Corre^pnnflence 
'  irli-    Shocks    In    I'oal    Mines. 

Siclncii    E.    WntUer 

■isonal.    Obituary    and    Societies 

litorial    Correspondence 

lining    News 

larkets .  . 

iirrent    I'rices   of   ChemlcBls.    niire.Mln- 

•rnls.   Karths,    Ktc 

•/Hii«fiV7/.(;. 


rii4 


no 

ni; 
ri4 
ri4 


717 
717 


721 


72.'! 
r2S 


724 

r24 


7:!0 
7.11 

7:f.'! 
7. "in 


r4G 


The  action  of  the  Government  in  raid- 
ing a  notorious  mining-stock  promoting 
concern,  last  week,  indicates  a  well  de- 
fined policy  on  the  pan  of  the  Administra- 
tion to  eliminate  illegal  schemes,  mas- 
querading under  the  guise  of  business 
operations,  for  the  enrichment  of  un- 
principled "promoters."  This  action  has 
been  taken  by  the  highest  authorities  in 
the  administration  at  Washington,  and 
is,  we  believe,  the  beginning  of  a  policy 
for  which  the  administration  will  be 
commended  in  all  quarters.  The  policy 
is  clearly  outlined  in  the  following  state- 
ment by  the  Department  of  Justice,  re- 
ferring to  the  recent  raid: 

"In  this  connection  it  may  be  stated 
that  recently  a  number  of  alleged  schemes 
to  defraud  have  been  brought  to  the  at- 
tention of  the  Department  whose  pro- 
moters are  said  to  be  using  the  United 
States  mails  extensively  in  furtherance 
of  their  operations.  Directions  have 
therefore  been  given  for  the  speedy  in- 
vestigation and  prosecution  of  all  such 
cases  in  which  it  appears  that  the  mails 
are  being  made  an  instrument  in  the  de- 
frauding  of  the   public." 

The  Government  had  previously 
moved  against  the  Cellas,  charged 
with  conducting  extensive  bucket-shop 
transactions,  and  the  promoters  of  the 
United  Wireless  Telegraph  Company, 
both  of  which  parties  are  now  under  in- 
dictment. These  actions,  together  with 
the  announcement  that  the  Government 
has  other  cases  under  consideration,  have 
already  caused  numerous  schemers  to 
tremble  and  become  circumspect. 


The  mining  business  has  long  been  a 
happy  hunting  ground  for  this  sort  of 
gentry  and  their  deluding  of  the  public 
has  been  to  the  discredit  and  to  the  dis- 
advantage of  the  legitimate  mining  in- 
dustry. Many  organizations  have  tried 
in  vain  to  cut  out  this  sore.  It  will  be 
good  if  the  Federal  Government  lias  at 
last  found  a  way. 

The  Journal,  as  an  organ  of  the  real 
mining  industry,  has  long  led  the  way  in 
correcting  abuses  against  the  industry  for 
which  it  stands.  About  a  year  ago  we 
exposed  some  of  the  operations  of  the 
concern  that  was  raided  last  week,  and 
that  exposure  was  perhaps  contributory 
in  drawing  the  attention  of  the  authorities 
to  it. 


The  Granby  Report 

At  last  we  have  detailed  information  re- 
specting the  Granby  mine,  the  directors 
having  presented  to  the  stockholders  at 
their  meeting,  Oct.  4,  the  report  of  Mr. 
Sussman,  which  led  to  the  collapse  of 
Granby  shares  last  spring.  Along  with 
this  the  directors  submit  reports  of  the 
officers  of  the  mine,  the  whole  making  a 
pamphlet  of  38  pages.  Let  us  make  haste 
to  say  that  no  stockholder  need  trouble 
himself  to  read  it  all,  inasmuch  as  the  im- 
portant information  is  comprised  in  com- 
paratively few  pages.  It  is  sufficient  to 
confine  attention  to  the  reports  of  the 
president,  and  of  the  general  manager,  to 
the  concluding  pages  of  Mr.  Smith,  the 
mine  superintendent,  and  to  the  full  re- 
port of  Mr.  Sussman.  A  large  part  of  the 
reports  of  Mr.  Smith  and  Mr.  Williams, 
the  smelter,  are  devoted  to  the  history  of 
the   mine   and   works,  and    their    present 


700 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


equipment.     Under  the  circumstances  the 
presentation  of  those  data  is  humorous. 

There  is  nowhere  in  the  report  any  spe- 
cific explanation  of  why  this  mine  that 
had  commonly  been  supposed  to  be  a  sort 
of  Rio  Tinto  was  suddenly  found  to  be 
of  decidedly  limited  life.  Such  deductions 
as  are  made  respecting  this  matter  are 
largely  inferential.  Mr.  Langeloth,  the 
president,  says:  "It  had  been  the  inten- 
tion for  some  time  past  to  have  your  min- 
ing properties  examined  by  an  independ- 
ent engineer.  Last  January,  upon  the 
resignation  of  the  local  manager,  A.  B.  W. 
Hodges,  it  was  determined  to  have  this 
e.xamination  undertaken  at  once.  .  .  . 
It  was  found  that  his  (Mr.  Sussman's) 
tonnage  estimates  corresponded  closely 
with  those  made  by  the  company's  engi- 
neers." Mr.  Sussman's  estimates  could 
not,  therefore,  have  been  any  surprise  to 
the  local  management,  though  evidently 
they  were  to  the  eastern  office. 

The  report  of  Mr.  Graves,  vice-presi- 
dent and  general  manager,  is  not  par- 
ticularly instructive,  being  essentially  of 
the  hurrah  order  and  to  the  effect  that 
the  company  has  had  a  grand  mine  and 
perhaps  some  more  ore  will  be  discovered 
in  spite  of  the  criticism  of  knockers.  The 
mines  have  never  been  prospected  below 
the  present  workings  of  about  600  ft., 
says  Mr.  Graves,  except  by  one  drillhole 
that  was  put  down  to  a  depth  of  600  ft. 
below  the  300-ft.  level  and  "encountered 
mineralized  material  and  some  ore."  This 
rather  obscure  statement  seems  to  dis- 
regard facts  stated  in  the  reports  of 
Messrs.  Smith  and  Sussman. 

Mr.  Smith  states  in  his  report  that  "up 
to  about  1904  it  would  have  been  impos- 
sible to  figure  actual  tons  in  sight. 
....  All  estimates  from  1904  to  the 
present  time  have  been  made  by  taking 
the  actual  total  tonnage  developed  at  the 
lime  of  the  estimate  and  subtracting  from 
this  the  actual  tonnage  shipped  to  that 
date."  Probably  the  stockholders  of  the 
company  would  like  to  know  why  these 
estimates  were  not  communicated  to  them. 
Mr.  Smith  estimates  that  on  July  1, 
1910,  the  company  had  6.429,169  tons  of 
ore  remaining  blocked  out.  of  which  90 
per  cent,  would  be  extractable,  or  5,786,- 
252  tons,  and  reckons  the  grade  of  this 
ore  at  1.25  per  cent,  copper,  0.043  oz. 
gold,  and  0.25  oz.  silver.  Dr.  Sussman 
estimates  5,595,000  tons  of  ore  extract- 
able,  and  reckons  the  grade  as  1.24  per 

cent,  copper,  0.04  oz.  gold  and  0.25  oz. 


silver.  The  agreement  between  these  esti- 
m.ates  is  so  close  that  no  further  com- 
ment need  be  made.  Mr.  Smith  says  that 
the  chief  mining  claims  of  the  company 
have  been  fairly  well  prospected  with 
diamond-drills  holes  averaging  in  depth 
from  200  to  500  ft.  "In  all  of  the  holes 
.  .  .  .  in  which  ore  has  been  found, 
we  have  passed  through  the  ore  into 
waste  before  the  holes  were  discon- 
tinued." 

At  the  time  when  the  summary  of  Mr. 
Sussman's  report  was  made  public  last 
spring  attempts  to  discredit  it  were  made, 
and  that  engineer  with  lips  sealed  by  his 
professional  obligations  was  obliged  to 
wait  patiently  for  vindication.  Even  now 
Mr.  Smith  says  "I  consider  that  figures 
given  from  this  office  now  will  be  far 
more  correct  than  any  which  could  be 
given  by  any  engineer,  even  after  a  pro- 
tracted examination."  In  fact  the  two  sets 
of  figures  are  almost  identical.  This  puts 
a  wretched  aspect  upon  the  attempt  to  be- 
little Mr.  Sussman's  report  and  renews 
our  amazement  that  the  board  of  directors 
did  not  see  fit  to  publish  it  in  full  in  the 
first  place. 

But  after  all,  the  chief  concern  of  the 
stockholders  is  not  as  to  the  ore  actu- 
ally developed,  which  at  present  rate  of 
production  will  last  only  4'  2  years,  but  as 
to  the  possibilities  of  developing  more 
ore.  Mr.  Sussman  says  that  the  orebodies 
in  the  Old  Ironsides — Knob  Hill  group 
decreased  in  size  from  No.  3  tunnel  down- 
ward. "The  500-ft.  level  and  all  the 
diamond  drill  work  done  on  the  500-ft. 
level  disclosed  no  ore.  A  number  of  holes 
were  drilled  from  the  400-ft.  level  down- 
ward; all  of  them  after  a  few  feet  passed 
out  of  the  ore  and  entered  barren  ground. 
All  the  drill  holes  drilled  from  the  300- 
ft  level  and  from  the  surface  in  at  at- 
tempt to  find  the  downward  continuation 
of  the  orebodies  passed  out  of  ore  above 
the  lowest  workings  of  the  mine;  in  some 
cases  they  did  not  disclose  any  ore  at  all. 
Consequently  the  limits  of  the  orebodies 
in  depth  have  been  found  to  be  a  few  feet 
below  the  400-ft.  level."  In  other  words 
the  mine,  in  Mr.  Susmann's  opinion,  has 
been  bottomed.  The  determination  of  that 
question  must,  of  course,  rest  largely 
upon  geological  reasons.  The  geology  of 
the  district  and  of  this  mine  w-as  studied 
by  the  Canadian  Geological  Survey  in 
1908.  According  to  this  the  orebodies  are 
replacements  in  Paleozoic  limestones 
and  tuffs,  overlaid  by  Tertiary  sediment- 


aries  and  underlaid  by  Paleozoic  quartz- 
iies,  breccia  and  conglomerates,  the  Pale- 
ozoic formation  occurring  as  a  basin  or 
trough.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  Mr. 
Sussman  did  not  go  more  fully  into  the 
geological  conditions,  and  we  cannot  un- 
derstand why  the  Granby  directors  failed 
to  publish  with  his  report  the  maps  and 
sections  that  he  mentions  as  accompany-  U 
ing  it.  ■ 

Mr.  Sussman  evidently  considers  that 
the  present  ore-bearing  zone  has  been  so 
extensively  prospected  tliat  the  chances 
of  finding  new  orebodies  in  it  are  poor, 
that  prospecting  has  reached  to  the  bot- 
tom of  the  ore-bearing  zone,  and  that 
there  is  no  evidence  to  show  that  there 
may  be  another  ore-bearing  zone  below 
the  quartzites,  breccia  and  cbnglomer-  , 
ates.  He  concludes  that  the  chances  of 
developing  any  large  additional  tonnage 
are  "exceedingly  slim." 

If  Mr.  Sussman's  report  needs  any  fur- 
ther confirmation  it  is  upon  this  point 
alone,  and  this  is  something  upon  which 
the  advice  of  a  good  economic  geologist, 
aided  if  necessary  by  one  or.  two  deep 
drill  holes  to  prove  the  underlying  form- 
ations, would  be  best.  It  would  easily 
have  been  possible  to  settle  this  matter 
during  the  six  months  that  have  elapsed 
since  Mr.  Sussman's  report  was  made. 
There  is  apparently  no  great  use  in  de- 
sultory prospecting  that  does  not  have  this 
crucial  factor  in  view.  However,  the 
stockholders  of  the  company  will  be 
safest  in  basing  their  valuation  upon  the 
ore  that  both  Mr.  Smith  and  Mr.  Suss- 
man estimate  as  developed,  with  little  or 
no  allowance  for  possibilities. 


An  active  competition  for  the  petroleum 
trade  of  Europe  and  the  East  has  begun 
between  the  Standard  Oil  Company  and 
the  Shell  Transportation  and  Trading 
Company  which  is  the  great  European 
seller  and  distributer  of  oil.  Both  com- ' 
panies  have  begun  to  cut  prices  in  all ' 
competitive  fields,  and  it  is  reported  that  t 
the  Shell  company  has  even  made  ship- 
ments to  this  country.  The  Standard's 
published  statement  is  that  it  desires  to 
discourage  overproduction  of  oil  by  re- 
ducing prices;  but  makes  no  mention  of 
its  competitor.  The  contest  will  un- 
doubtedly be  an  interesting  one,  if  it  con- 
tinues. Both  parties  are  able  to  carry  on 
a  long  fight. 

i 


October  8,  UMO. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 

The  New  Clancy  Cyanide  Patents 


701 


Some  reterence  has  already  been  made 
the  Clancy  cyanide  patents  in  these 
rlumns  but  owing  to  the  widespread  in- 
rest  in  this  process  further  details  are 
van.  The  main  points  are  the  use  of 
leaper  cyanogen-bearing  compounds 
an  the  ordinary  commercial  cyanide, 
id  regeneration  of  the  spent  cyanide 
)uors  by  electrolysis. 
The  tollowing  excerpts  are  taken  from 
le  of  Mr.  Clancy's  foreign  patent  ap- 
ication: 

1    have    discovered    that    a    cyanogen- 

aring  compound  which  is  not  a  solvent 

the  precious  metals  can  be   made   a 

Ivent  of  the   same   by   the   addition   of 

amidine    or   amide    compound    in    the 

lesence  of  an  electric  current.  As  a  re- 
It  of  this  discovery  I  am  able  to  use 
anogen  compounds  heretofore  not  avail- 
le  in  the  cyanide  process,  ...  to  re- 
nerate  spent  cyanide  solutions,  and 
.  .  to  use  in  the  cyanide  process  oxidiz- 

i;  agents  without  loss  of  available 
anide. 

I  Electrolysis   Used  to   Regenerate 
Cyanide 

I  have   also  discovered   that  when  the 
Iverized   ore    is   converted   into   a  pulp 
mixing  the  said  ore  with  a  substantial- 
nonacid  solution  of  a  thiocyanate  con- 
ning a  halogen  salt,  and  electrolyzing 
s   mixture,    that    the    precious    metals 
ly  will  be  dissolved  to  the  substantial 
:lusion   of  the   baser  metals,  and   that 
■  above  solution  may  be  used  with  ad- 
itage  in  conjunction  with  the  ordinary 
I  inide   solution,    and    that   this   process 
'.y   be    successfully    applied    to    either 
lellious    or    nonrcbellious    ore    without 
1  •liminary    roasting    even    though    such 
'  s  containing   reducing   agents   or  tell- 
•  um  or  both. 

In  the  practice  of  my  invention   I  may 

':  the  crude   cyanamide   of   commerce, 

:    isomerides     and     polymerides    as     a 

I  vent  for  the  precious  metals  and  other 

;  tals  contained   in   ores;   or  a  soluble 

inamide  in  conjunction  with  the  cyanide 

icess  in  the  treatment  of  ores,  and  as 

■neans   of   regenerating   cyanide    solu- 

1    or    nonavailable    cyanogen-bearing 

ution. 


LL  Cyanogen  Compounds  Available 

f'hen  a  soluble  amidine  or  amide  corn- 
find  (such,  for  example,  as  dicyan- 
llmidine.urea,  guanidine,  guanidy-lguan- 
i'le,  guanidine  carbonate,  formamide. 
0  mlde,  cyanamide.  dicyanamide  or  the 
vious  polymeric  and  isomeric  modifica- 
•  IS  of  the  last-mentioned  compounds) 
'■idded  to  a  cyanogen-bearing  solution 
I'-   mixture  electrolyzed   in  contact 

A\r.  Mi\    .loiiiN.,   May  7.   1!H(). 


with  ore,  the  consumption  of  cyanide  is 
strikingly  reduced;  and  also  solutions 
containing  cyanates,  before,  after  or  dur- 
ing the  treatment  of  ore  (together  with 
ferrocyanides,  ferricyanides,  thiocyanates, 
or  'Other  such  nonavailable  cyanogen 
compounds  formed  in  the  treatment  of 
ores)  may  be  converted  into  compounds 
which  readily  dissolve  the  precious  metals 
contained  in  ores;  and  finally  one  may 
regenerate  cyanide  from  cyanates,  such 
as  alkaline  cyanates,  isccyanates  and  the 
various  isomeric  and  polymeric  com- 
pounds, or  the  oxygen  derivatives  of 
cyanogen,  their  isomerides  and  poly- 
merides. 

Use  of  Cheap  Cyanamide 

I  have  described  the  addition  of  a 
soluble  amidine  or  amide  compound, 
which  may  also  include  any  of  the  above 
mentioned  compounds;  but  I  use  prefer- 
ably ...  a  soluble  cyanamide  (such  as 
calcium  cyanamide,  as  it  is  at  present  the 
cheapest  source  of  an  amidine  or  amide 
compound).  A  solution  of  calcium 
cyanamide,  or  its  isomerides  and  poly- 
merides, when  subjected  to  electrolysis, 
is,  under  proper  conditions,  capable  of 
dissolving  the  precious  metals,  and  other 
metals,  without  any  other  admixture  of 
cyanogen-bearing  material.  From  cyana- 
mide all  the  amide  or  amidogen  com- 
pounds I  have  mentioned  are  easily  pre- 
pared. For  instance:  by  the  action  of 
sulphuric  acid  or  hydrochloric  acid  upon 
cyanamide,  water  is  absorbed  and  it  be- 
comes urea.  An  alkaline  sulphide  con- 
verts it  into  thiourea;  NH  converts  it 
into  guanidine;  while  substituted  guani- 
dines  arc  produced  upon  introducing  the 
hydrochlorides  or  primary  amines,  etc. 
It  will,  therefore,  be  obvious  that  my 
claim  for  a  soluble  amidine  or  amide 
compound  includes  all  the  polymeric  and 
isomeric  modifications  and  transpositions 
of  soluble  cyanamides. 

Inactive    Cyanogen    Compounds    Made 
Active 

To  show  the  action  of  these  amide 
compounds,  take,  for  example,  urea 
(carbamide)  and  add  this  to  a  solution 
of  a  cyanate  (such,  for  example,  as 
potassium  cyanate)  and  electrolyze  this 
mixture  between  inert  electrodes.  After 
a  few  minutes  the  said  mixture  will  be 
transformed  into  one  which  will  dissolve 
the  precious  metal  in  alkaline  solution. 
11  is  well  known  that  cyanates  have  abso- 
lutely no  dissolving  effect  upon  the 
precious  metals,  and  that  the  formation 
of  cyanate  in  the  cyanide  solution  repre- 
sents the  chief  source  of  loss  of  cyanide 
in  the  cyanide  process,  since,  when  cyan- 
ates are  allowed  to  stand  for  any  con- 
siderable  time,  or  are  retained  in  solu- 


tion, they  are  converted  into  ammonia 
and  potassium  carbonate,  and  are  trans- 
posed by  the  lime  used  in  the  cyanide 
process  into  insoluble  carbonates  or  by 
the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  in  the  ore 
into  sulphates — so  that  the  original  cyan- 
ide finds  itself  eventually  in  the  residue 
dumps  in  the  form  of  sulphates  or  in- 
soluble carbonates. 

Oxidizing  Agents  to  Hasten   Reaction 

Any  oxidizing  agent,  when  used  in  the 
cyanide  solution  to  hasten  the  dissolution 
of  the  precious  metals,  increases  the 
cyanide  consumption,  due  to  the  forma- 
tion of  cyanate,  which  is  often  great;  and 
up  to  the  present,  no  means  for  regen- 
eration or  recovery  of  cyanide  from 
cyanate  in  aqueous  solutions  has  been 
discovered,  so  far  as  I  am  aware;  but 
my  discovery  that  a  soluble  amadine 
or  amide  compound  (such,  for  example, 
as  calcium  cyanamide)  added  to  the 
cyanide-bearing  solution,  in  conjunction 
with  the  electrolysis  of  said  solution, 
opens  up  a  cheap  way  whereby  oxidizn^ 
agents  other  than  atmospheric  oxygen 
(such  as  treatment  of  cyanide-bearing 
solutions  with  oxidizing  agents  and  solu- 
ble halogen  compounds,  etc.),  may  be 
successfully  employed  for  readily  dis- 
solving and  extracting  precious  metals 
from  refractory  ores,  such  as  tellurides, 
arsenides,  sulphides  and  other  ores  con- 
taining reducing  agents.   .    .    . 

The  Electrolysing  Tank 

The  apparatus  for  carrying  my  process 
into  effect  is  simply  the  ordinary  agitat- 
ing tank  furnished  with  electrodes  spaced 
about  from  1 '/.  to  2  in.  apart.  These 
electrodes  may  be  made  of  carbon,  or 
one  of  iron  and  another  of  carbon;  that 
is  to  say,  the  negative  electrode  under- 
goes no  deterioration,  as  only  nascent 
hydrogen  is  produced  at  the  said  elec- 
trnde;  therefore,  iron  answers  the  pur- 
pose. The  positve  electrode  or  anode 
is  made  preferably  of  a  hard  graphite 
or   other   such    inert   material. 

The  agitation  keeps  the  whole  mixture 
constantly  circulating  between  the  said 
electrodes.  This  circulation  is  main- 
tained for  a  period  of  from  eight  to  12 
hours  to  obtain  the  desired  result.  The 
said  agitating  tank  with  the  electrodes 
is  the  electrolyzer  hereafter  referred  to, 
the  circulation  usually  being  kept  up  by 
air  agitation. 

Different  ores  require  variations  in  the 
composition  of  the  solution  and  in 
the  current.  For  example,  in  treat- 
ing ores  containing  tellurides  or  ar- 
senides, we  may  add  a  soluble  halogen 
compound  to  the  cyanamide-treatment 
solution,  or  to  the  cyanogen-bearing  solu- 
tion,  or   to    the    nonavailable   cyanogen- 


702 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


bearing  solution,  in  the  manner  shown  in 
the  examples  following. 

Use  of  Halogen  Compounds 

The  function  of  a  halogen  compound — 
such,  for  example,  as  potassium  iodide, 
when  added  to  the  cyanogen-bearing  so- 
lution— is,  that  during  clectrolycis  the 
iodine  liberated  at  the  anode  acts  as  an 
oxidizing  agent.  It  is  clear,  therefore, 
that  the  presence  of  a  halogen  compound, 
such,  for  example,  as  potassium  iodide, 
in  said  solutions,  insures  complete  ab- 
sorption of  any  nascent  oxygen  which 
might  escape  without  doing  oxidization 
work.  The  halogens  also  form  addition 
compounds  with  cyanamide,  these  addi- 
tion compounds  in  themselves  acting  as 
oxidizing  agents. 

Examples  of  the  Solvents  Used 

In  the  following  examples  I  use  a  solu- 
tion of  a  soluble  cyanamide  alone,  or  in 
conjunction  with  the  cyanide  solution,  or 
in  conjunction  with  a  nonavailable  cyano- 
gen-bearing solution.  By  nonavailable 
cyanogen-bearing  solution  1  mean  one 
that  contains  cyanogen  in  a  different  com- 
bination from  that  in  which  it  ex- 
ists in  what  are  known  as  sim- 
ple alkaline  cyanides.  For  example,  a 
solution  after  being  used  in  the  treatment 
•of  ore  on  testing  shows  no  available 
■cyanide.  The  cyanide  in  such  solution  is 
said  to  have  been  consumed,  and  is  unfit 
for  further  treatment  of  ore  until  re- 
strengthened  by  the  addition  of  more 
cyanide.  It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  my 
process  aims  at,  besides  its  other  features 
mentioned,  the  substitution  of  a  cheap 
amidine  or  amide  compound  (such,  for 
example,  as  calcium  cyanamide)  in  the 
place  of  cyanide  or  together  with  only 
a  small  proportion  of  cyanide. 

[The  application  gives  as  typical  solvent 
mixtures  the  following.  2000  lb.  ore  and 
2000  lb.  water  being  used  with  each: 

(1)  Four  pounds  calcium  cyanamide, 
2  lb.  caustic  soda  or  lime,  with  or  with- 
out   1    lb.    potassium    iodide. 

(2)  One  pound  potassium  cyanide,  2 
lb.  calcium  cyanamide,  2  lb.  caustic  soda 
or  lime,with  or  without  1  lb.  potassium 
iodide. 

(3)  Two  pounds  potassium  ferro- 
cyanide,  2  lb.  calcium  cyanamide,  2  lb. 
caustic  soda  or  lime,  with  or  without 
1    lb.    potassium    iodide. 

(4)  Two  pounds  potassium  thiocyan- 
ate,  2  lb.  calcium  cyanamide,  5  lb.  pul- 
verized calcium  carbonate,  with  or  with- 
out 1   lb.  potassium  iodide. 

(5)  One  pound  potassium  cyanide,  2 
lb.  calcium  cyanamide,  10  lb.  pulverized 
calcium  carbonate,  with  or  without  1 
lb.  potassium  iodide. 

(0)  One  pound  potassium  cyanide,  I 
lb.  potassium  thiocyanate,  1  lb.  calcium 
cyanamide,  10  lb,  calcium  carbonate, 
with  or  without  1  lb.  potassium  bromide. 

In  every  case  the  ore  and  solution  of 
the  above  chemicals  is  circulated  through 


the  electrolyzer  for  a  period  of  12  hours, 
with  a  current  density  of  about  50  amp. 
per  sq.ft.  of  electrode  surface,  equivalent 
to  90  to  120  amp.  per  ton  of  ore. — Editor] 

Cyanide   Regeneration 

In  this  specification  I  have  described 
my  meaning  of  a  nonavailable  cyanogen- 
bearing  solution  and  I  now  give  the  fol- 
lowing example  as  being  a  typical  one 
for  the  regeneration  of  cyanide  from 
spent  cyanide  solutions;  that  is,  those  so- 
lutions in  which  the  cyanogen  is  non- 
available,  such,  for  example,  as  cyan- 
ides, ferrocyanides,  ferricyanides,  sul- 
phocyanides,  etc. 

Example:  Take  2000  lb.  of  solution 
which  has  an  original  strength  of  2  lb. 
cyanide  per  ton  and  which  has  already 
been  used  for  the  treatment  of  ore,  on 
testing  shows  only  ;4  lb.  of  cyanide  per 
ton  of  solution.  Add  4  lb.  of  calcium 
cyanamide  and  electrolyze  this  mixture 
between  inert  electrodes  for  a  period  of 
two  hours  at  a  current  density  of  50  amp. 
per  sq.ft.  of  electrode  surface.  On  again 
testing  the  said  solution  it  will  be  found 
that  the  available  cyanide  is  increased, 
or  rather  gives  a  titration  equal  to  2  lb. 
of  available  cyanide.  This  solution  is 
then  ready  for  treating  a  fresh  batch  of 
ore.  From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that 
ores  which  are  readily  leachable  may  be 
treated  by  percolation  with  the  above  de- 
scribed electrolyzed  solution. 

Simultaneous  Reduction  and  O.xidation 
IN  the  Electrolyzer 

It  will  be  seen  that  by  my  invention 
I  generate  solvents  and  continuously 
dissolve  the  precious  metals,  transform- 
ing them  into  compounds  soluble  in  the 
above  solution.  The  function  of  the 
electric  current  in  conjunction  with  a 
soluble  amidine  or  amide  compound 
(such,  for  example,  as  calcium  cyana- 
mide in  the  cyanogen-bearing  solution) 
is  one  that  is  both  reducing  and  oxidiz- 
ing. It  is  clear  that  I  make  use  of  both 
the  anodic  and  cathodic  reactions.  From 
the  above  solutions  or  pulp  the  dissolved 
metals  may  easily  be  recovered  by  filtra- 
tion   and    precipitation    by   methods   well 

known  and  in  use It  may  be 

mentioned  that  a  salt  such  as  sodium  sul- 
phate or  ammonium  sulphate  may  be 
added  to  the  solutions  to  render  the  same 
more  conductive.  In  practice  I  find  the 
addition  of  from  10  to  20  lb.  of  either 
of  the  above  salts  to  a  ton  of  solution 
gives  satisfactory  results. 

In  treating  ores  containing  among  other 
compounds  silver  sulphide  or  other  sul- 
phides, it  may  not  be  necessary  to  add 
a  halogen  compound,  such,  for  example, 
as  potassium  iodide,  to  the  thiocyanate 
or  cyanogen-bearing  solutions,  as  the 
nascent  oxvgen  produced  by  the  electric 
current  regenerates  the  alkaline  cyanide 
from   the   alkaline   thiocyanate. 

It  is  obviousthat  in  treatingthe  silver  ore 
or  other  sulphide-bearing  ores  with  the 


' 


: 


ordinary  cyanide  solutions,  the  cyanide  i 
undergoes  destruction  and  is  said  to  be  . 
consumed.  Means  at  present  employed 
to  prevent  this  cyanide  consumption  and 
increase  the  extraction  are  the  use  of  lead 
salts,  such,  for  example,  as  lead  acetate, 
litharge,  etc.,  added  to  the  cyanide  solu- 
tion, but  these  chemicals  are  expensive 
and  irrecoverable  and  often  inefficient 
when  dealing  with  ores  high  in  sulphides. 
The  consumption  of  cyanide  is  largely 
due  to  the  sulphide  constitutents  of  the|l, 
compounds  contained  in  the  ores  acting  | 
upon  the  cyanide  solution  in  the  presence 
of  atmospheric  oxygen;  this  gives  rise  to 
the  formation  of  sulphocyanides — a  di- 
rect loss  in  cyanide,  because  the  cyanide 
is  then  in  a  nonavailable  form  and  can- 
not be  made  to  dissolve  the  precious 
metals  by  the  ordinary  means  employed. 
By  my  process  a  nonavailable  cyanide  so- 
lution, is  converted  into  an  available  cy- 
anide solution,  ready  and  active,  togethei 
with  any  unconsumed  cyanide,  to  dissolve 
the  precious  metals;  for  example: 

Two  thousand  pounds  of  the  pul- 
verized sulphide  ore  are  suspended 
in  a  solution  of  6  lb.  potassium 
cyanide  (carrying  3  to  5  lb.  of  pro- 
tective alkalinity;  the  alkali  used  being 
preferably  lime)  in  2000  lb.  of  water,  ir 
an  agitation  tank. 

This  mixture  of  ore  and  solution  is 
continuously  subjected  to  agitation  and 
aeration  by  a  current  of  air,  for  a  period 
of  from  about  16  to  72  hours  (the  time 
depending  upon  the  cyanide  consump- 
tion). When  the  cyanide  consumption 
has  about  ceased,  the  whole  mixture  ol 
ore  and  solution  is  (then)  subjected  t( 
electrolysis,  in  the  said  agitation  tank 
by  introducing  electrodes  (preferably  in 
ert)  into  the  said  mixture,  carrying  a  cur- 
rent density  of  about  50  amp.  per  sq.ft 
of  electrode  surface.  From  50  to  10( 
amp.  are  used  per  ton  of  ore.  The  elec- 
trolysis is  continued  fci'  about  from  10  tc  I 
12  hours,  the  length  of  time  depending 
upon  the  regeneration  of  the  unavailabU 
cyanide  into  alkaline  cyanide;  the  lattei 
may  be  determined  hourly  by  titration  oi 
othc-wife. 

Destructive  Effect  of  Electrolysis  o^ 
Straight  Cyanide 

From  the  above  descriptive  example  ii  f 
will  be  obvious  that  to  start  electrolysis  ■' 
of  the  ore  pulp  together  with  the  ordinary 
cyanide  solutions  would  result  in  imme- 
diate destruction  of  the  cyanide,  as  thert 
would  be  insufficient  or  no  sulphocyanidc 
present  in  solution  to  protect  the  cyanide 
against  the  nascent  oxygen  produced  at 
the  anode,  which  would  at  once  oxidize 
the  cyanide  to  cyanate. 

I  give  the  following  examples  of  mv 
process  with  and  without  the  use  of  the 
halogen  salts  without,  however,  limitlnc 
myself  to  the  details  of  each. 

[In  each  of  the  examples  it  is  under- 
stood that  2000  lb.  of  ore  and  2000  lb. 
water   are    vised,     and     that    these,   with 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURN^^L 


703 


le  dissolved  reagents,  are  circulated 
)ntinuously  in  the  electrolyzer  for  about 
I  hours,  using  a  current  density  of  about 
'  amp.  per  sq.ft.  of  electrode  surface, 
luivalent  to  about  90  to  120  amp.  per 
n  of  ore: 

(1)  Two  pounds,  potassium  thiocya- 
ite,  2  lb.  caustic  soda  or  lime,  1  lb.  po- 
ssium   iodide. 

(2)  Two  pounds  potassium  thiocya- 
ite,  1  lb.  potassium  cyanide,  2  lb.  caustic 
da  or  lime,  1   lb.  potassium  iodide. 

(3)  Two  pounds  potassium  thiocyanate, 
lb.  caustic  soda  or  lime,  2  lb.  potassium 
omide,  !  _•  lb.  potassium  iodide. 

(4)  Two  pounds  potassium  thiocyanate, 
lb.  lime. — Editor.] 

Effect  of  the  Electric  Current 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  function  of  the 
i'Ctric  current  is  simply  to  produce  nas- 
irit  oxygen  in  contact  with  the  ore  in 
I  d  solution.  The  nascent  oxygen  in  the 
nve  examples  liberates  iodine  from  po- 
I  slum  iodide  which  combines  with  the 
I  inid^j  Dr  'he  thiocyanate  to  form  cyano- 
I''.  iodide.  This  cyanogen  iodide  is  an 
I  :elleni  solvent  for  gold  contained  in 
I  ractory  ores  containing  gold  tellurides, 
I  phides,  arsenides,  etc. 

Reason  for  Using  Thiocyanates 
t  may  be  seen  from  the  following 
!  lations  the  reason  for  using  thiocya- 
t  e  alone  or  in  conjunction  with  the  sim- 
f  cyanide  solution  in  preference  to  the 
c  inary  alkaline  cyanide  solution  is  that, 
i  :yanide  solution  be  used  without  con- 
I  ling  sulphocyanide  or  the  addition 
t  reof,  the  nascent  oxygen  produced  by 
t  electric  current  destroys  the  cyanide 
t  converting  the  same  into  cyanate, 
V  ch  is  not  a  gold  solvent,  and,  there- 
f  ;,  simply  results  in  the  destruction  of 
t  cyanide,  after  the  equation: 
(1)  KCN  +  Or=KCNO; 
IS  by  using  tliiocyanate  the  equa- 
t  I  is 

(    KCNS  +  H.O  +  30  =  KCN  +  H.SO, 

I  vill  be  seen   from  the  equation   No.  2 

r.nnide  is  produced  when  the  solu- 

kept  alkaline,  and  the  cyanide  so 

-I    is    not    decomposed    as    long    as 

is  thiocyanate  present  in  the  solu- 

II  .  By  adding  a  halogen  compound  to 
ll  thiocyanate  solution  which  may  or 
n  ■  not  contain  free  alkaline  cyanide  and- 
''  Tilyzing  same,  the  following  equa- 
ls, es  place: 

i  I  KCNS  +  KI  +  40  =  ICN  +  K.SO, 

may  be  stated  at  this  point  that  any 
■  aline  sulphides  present  in  the  solution 
act  to   regenerate  potassium   thio- 
ls as: 

'4)    ICN    1    K,.S  =  KCNS  +  KI 

T  i  reaction  would  also  open  up  a  way 
'«|  substituting  alkaline  sulphides  for 
ii,  as  a  silver  precipitant. 

he  same  solution  can  be  used   again 
aij  again  by  keeping  the  requisite  strength 


in  thiocyanate,  but  no  further  addition  of 
potassium  iodide  is  necessary,  except  to 
compensate  for  mechanical  losses.  The 
nascent  oxygen  produced  by  the  electric 
current  regenerates  the  iodine  to  begin  its 
work  over  again.  Between  each  operation 
it  is  desirable  to  pass  the  liquor  through 
zinc  shavings  in  the  ordinary  way. 

In  the  above  examples  the  desired  re- 
sult is  prevrnted  if  the  solution  be  sub- 
stantially ^,(id,  but  the  solution  may  be 
alkaline,  neutral  or  slightly  acid.  By 
slightly  acid,  I  mean  this:  That  while  a 
solution  of  thiocyanate  may  be  technically 
tertned  "slightly  acid"  because  showing 
ac'dity  to  certain  tests,  yet  for  practical 
purposes  it  is  substantially  a  non-acid  so- 
lution, as  well  as  those  which  are  alkaline 
or  neutral. 

Use  of  Ozone  as  an  Oxidizer 

Another  way  of  carrying  my  invention 
into  practice  is  to  treat  pulverized  ore 
with  a  solution  of  a  thiocyanate  contain- 
ing a  halogen  compound,  with  ozone,  or 
with  a  solution  of  thiocyanate  containing 
a  halogen  compound,  in  the  presence  of 
an  electric  current. 

[For  example,  the  use  of  a  current  of 
ozonized  air  carrying  say  !00  grams  of 
ozone  per  ton  of  ore,  would  produce,  it 
is  stated  the  same  effect  in  12  hours 
agitation,  as  would  the  electrolyzer  pre- 
viously mentioned  with  about  90  to  120 
amp.  per  ton  of  ore  for  the  same  period. 
— Editor.] 

Having  described  my  invention  and  dif- 
ferent ways  of  carrying  it  into  effect,  it 
will  be  understood  that  the  various 
changes  in  the  described  processes  may 
be  made  and  equivalent  substances  em- 
ployed without  departing  from  the  spirit 
of  my  invention  or  exceeding  the  scope  of 
my  claims. 

Recapitulation  of  the  Claims 

(  n  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  said  ore  to  the  action  of  a 
solution  containing  a  cyanogen-bearing 
material  and  an  amidine  or  amide  com- 
pound and  electrolyzing  said  solution  or 
mixture. 

(2)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists 
in  subjecting  said  ore  to  the  action  of  a 
solution  containing  a  cyanamide,  and 
electrolyzing  the  said  solution  or  mixture. 

(3)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists 
in  subjecting  said  ore  to  the  action  of  a 
solution  containing  a  cyanamide  in  the 
presence  of  a  halogen  compound  and 
electrolyzing  said  solution  or  mixture. 

M»  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subiccting  said  ore  to  the  action  of  a 
cyanogen-bearing  solution  containing  a 
cyanamide  and  electrolyzing  said  solution 
or   mixture. 

C.'))  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 


subjerting  said  ore  to  the  action  of  a 
cyanogen-bearing  solution  containing  a 
soluble  cyanamide  and  a  halogen  com- 
pound and  electrolyzing  said  solution  or 
mixture. 

(6)  The  process  jf  regenerating 
cyanogen-bearing  solutions  which  con- 
sist? 'n  subjecting  the  said  solutions  to 
the  action  of  a  soluble  amidine  or  amide 
compound  (such,  for  example,  as  calcium 
cyanamide)  and  electrolyzing  the  said 
solutioiiS. 

(7)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  ore  to  a  thiocyanate  solution, 
containing  a  halogen  salt  and  electro- 
lyzing the  mixture. 

(8)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  ore  to  a  solution  containing  a 
thiocyanate,  a  soluble  cyanide  and  a  halo- 
gen compound,  and  electrolyzing  the 
mixture. 

(9)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  the  ore  to  a  solution  contain- 
ing thiocyanate,  and  a  soluble  iodine  com- 
pound, and  electrolyzing  the  mixture. 

!  10)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  ore  to  a  solution  containing  a 
thiocyanate,  a  soluble  cyanide,  and  a 
soluble  iodine  compound,  and  electrolyz- 
ing the  mixture. 

1 1 1  I  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  the  ore  to  a  substantially  non- 
acid  solution  of  thiocyanate,  and  eli'ctro- 
lyzing  the  mixture. 

( 12)  The  process  of  treating  ore  cm- 
taining  precious  metals  which  consists  ir 
subjecting  the  ore  to  a  substantially  non- 
acid  solution  of  thiocyanate  containing  ; 
soluble  cyanide,  and  electrolyzing  th- 
mixture  for  a  sufficient  period  to  exti.-.ct 
the  precious  metals. 

13.  The  process  of  treating  sulphide 
ore  containing  precious  metals  which  con- 
sists in  subjecting  the  said  ore  to  the 
action  of  an  alkaline  cyanogen -bearing 
solution  in  presence  of  oxygen,  until  a 
part  of  all  of  the  cyanide  has  been  trans- 
formed into  a  nonavailable  sulpho-cyanide 
compound,  or  other  nonavailable  cyanide 
compounds,  then  subjecting  the  said  solu- 
tion or  mixture  to  electrolysis. 

(14)  The  process  of  treating  ore 
containing  precious  metals  which  consists 
in  subjecting  the  ore  to  the  action  of 
a  soluble  thiocyanate  and  a  halogen  com- 
pound and  oxidizing  said  mixture  by 
means  of  ozone. 

(15)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  the  ores  to  a  solution  contain- 
ing thiocyanate  and  a  halogen  compound 
and  electrolyzing  the  mixture. 

(16)  The  process  of  treating  ore  con- 
taining precious  metals  which  consists  in 
subjecting  the  ore  to  the  action  of  a 
thiocyanate  and  a  soluble  halogen  com- 
pound and  oxidizing  the  mixture. 


704 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 


'Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^ 
Large  Mines.      Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Ventilation  by  Suction 

By  Arthur  O.  Christensen* 

The  following  method  for  sucking  air 
through  a  pipe,  although  not  new,  may 
be  novel  to  some  and  a  suggestion  to 
others.  The  illustration  shows  an  ar- 
rangement of  the  apparatus  that  has  been 
found  satisfactory  in  La  Noria  mine, 
Zacatecas,  Mexico.  A  pipe  about  2'j  in. 
in  diameter  or  a  wooden  conduit  4  in. 
square,  is  laid  into  the  working  to  be 
ventilated  by  suction.  Into  the  lower  end 
of  the  pipe  a  s^-in.  pipe  is  inserted  and 
bent  or  fitted,  as  shown  in  the  illustration. 
This  is  coupled  direct  to  the  compressed 
air  line.     When  the  valve  is  opened  the 


(^TsT' 


Mininy  •/oumat 


Jet  for  Ventilating  by  Compressed 
Air 

jet  of  compressed  air,  rusjiing  into  the 
larger  pipe  and  parallel  to  its  direction, 
creates  a  strong  suction  in  the  pipe  or 
conduit,  producing  the  ventilating  current. 
In  operation  it  is  better  to  use  the  full 
air  pressure  available,  and  cut  down  the 
amount  used  by  the  size  of  the  nozzle 
rather  than  employ  a  large  nozzle  and 
only  partly  open  the  valve,  as  is  some- 
times done.  Where  the  larger  pipe  is 
not  over  4  in.  in  diameter,  a  Is -in.  pipe 
tipped  Willi  a  '-:i-in.  nozzle  is  large 
enough  for  a  30-lb.  air  pressure.  For 
higher  pressures  and  where  it  is  neces- 
sary to  be  economical,  an  aperture  of 
f-om  %  to  !4  in-  may  ^^  used.  The 
nozzle  should  be  placed  in  the  pipe  or 
box  at  a  point  so  situated  that  the  jet 
issuing  from  it  will  be  spread  out  to  fill 

•Mining  cnglneei',  Zacatecas,  XIe.\. 


the  pipe  before  leaving  it.  The  higher 
the  air  pressure  used  the  farther  back 
the  nozzle  need  be  placed.  I  have  found 
that  placing  the  nozzle  12  to  18  in.  from 
the  outlet  of  the  pipe  w3s  about  right. 
If  the  nozzle  is  put  farther  back  than  is 
necessary  the  pipe  ahead  of  it  hinders  the 
rush  of  air.  and  thus  impairs  the  suction 
efficiency. 

In  the  case  of  an  opening  where  it  is 
desired  to  blow  air  into  rather  than  draw 
it  out,  about  twice  the  amount  of  air  can 
be  carried  in  by  laying  a  second  pipe  line 
and  putting  such  a  jet  on  the  inner  end. 
This  arrangement  not  only  secures  the 
benefit  of  the  compressed  air,  but  also 
makes  it  suck  in  an  equal  amount  of  air 
through  the  second  pipe  line.  Of  course, 
this  is  suitable  only  for  such  distances 
within  which  it  would  pay  to  lay  the  sec- 
ond pipe  line  in  order  to  save  compressed 
air. 


Collapsible  Tank  for  Washing 
Blueprints 


Often  the  engineering  office  is  so 
crowded  that  there  is  little  room  avail- 
able for  the  tank  in  which  to  wash  blue- 
prints. In  such  a  case  a  great  economy 
of  space  can  be  made  by  using  a  col- 
lapsible tank  that  is  hinged  to,  and  when 
not  in  use  folds  up  against,  one  of  the 
walls  of  the  building. 

As  the  tank  is  not  constantly  filled 
with  water,  it  must  be  lined  with  metal 
to  keep  it  from  leaking.  At  the  Highland 
Boy  mine  galvanized  iron,  coated  with 
paraffin  paint,  is  used.  The  tank  should 
be  about  4  in.  deep  so  as  to  avoid  slop- 
ping while  washing  the  blueprints,  and 
the  bottom  should  be  given  a  slope  of 
about  one-quarter  of  an  inch  toward  the 
drain  hole.  When  down,  the  inside  edge 
of  the  tank  rests  on  a  br.se  board  nailed 
to  the  wall,  while  the  outer  edge  rests  on 
two  legs  which  are  hinged  to  a  cross 
piece  on  the  bottom  of  the  tank  so  that 
when  the  tank  is  closed  against  the  wall 
the  legs  hang  down  under  the  cross 
piece  and  against  the  bottom  boarding 
of  the  tank.  The  body  of  the  tank  is  best 
made  of  inch  pieces,  and  the  bottom  of 
matched  wainscotting. 

The  size  of  the  tank  is  determined  by 
the  amount  of  space  available,  and  by 
the  size  of  the  largest  blueprints  that  are 
to  be  made.  The  legs  of  the  tank  have 
sharpened  nails  in  their  bottom  ends  to 
prevent  them  from  slipping,  and  it  is 
well  to  bore  two  shallow  holes  in  the 
Moor    for   the   nails   to   rest   in   when   the 


legs  are  down.  The  drain  hole  in  tf 
tank  is  placed  in  the  corner  and  at  sue 
a  distance  from  the  back  of  the  tank  tha 
when  the  tank  is  in  use,  the  hole  is  d 
rectly  over  the  reducing  pipe  that  fern 
the  upper  end  of  the   drain-pipe  prope 


Gate  for  Dry-concentrate  Bin 

Gates  are  constructed  in  the  bottom 
the  flat-bottom  bins  at  the  Cheever  Ir 
Ore  Company,  near  Mineville,  N.  Y., 
draw  magnetic  concentrates  from  t 
storage  bins.  A  14-in.  length  of  6- 
pipe  is  put  through  the  bottom  of  t 
bin  and  a  flange  is  screwed  on  flush  w 
the  pipe  and  bolted  to  the  bottom  plar 
inside.  A  flange  is  also  fitted  to  the  otl 
end.  Iron  strips  are  bolted  to  this  flar 
to  act  as  guides  for  a  sliding  plate  14 


Chute   for   Flat-bottom  Concentr  i 
Bin 

thick.    The  gate  is  opened  by  operatir  i 

lever  arm  which   is  attached  to  the    • 
rights  of  the   bin. 


A  Mine  Surveyor's  Spud 

A  cheap  and  efficient  spud  for  marl  g 
reference  points  for  underground  • 
veys  is  suggested  by  J.  W.  D.  Moc  '■, 
of  Los  Angeles.  It  is  made  by  cuttir  a 
slot  out  across  the  head  of  " 
ordinary  horseshoe  nail  with  a  h  •• 
saw.  The  nail  can  be  driven  de^  -f 
than  if  the  head  is  bored  and  !  t* 
ted,  as  suggested  on  page  351,  •' 
the  Journal  for  Aug.  20,  and  i  is 
less  liable  to  be  disturbed.  The  plu'- 
bob  cord  is  fastened  with  a  black  11 
hitch  (the  cord  simply  passed  around" 
nail  with  the  loose  end  slipped  under  le 
taut  one).  It  is  easily  adjusted  and  > 
jectionable  loops  or  knots  are  done  aiy 
with. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


705 


Improvements    in  Mine  Bunks 

Sanitary  conditions,  coupled  with  com- 
fort, for  employees  is  a  factor  that  is 
being  seriously  considered  by  operators  in 
almost  every  line  of  business.  Health 
and  satisfaction  among  those  employed 
at  a  mine  is  practically  conductive  to  an 
increased  and  steady  production.  This 
fact  has  been  given  consideration  at  the 
Sunnyside  mine,  in  Eureka  gulch,  San 
Juan  county,  Colorado.  Here  the  mine 
has  provided  reading  rooms,  baths  and 
every  modern  convenience. 

The  question  of  sanitary  sleeping 
quarters  within  limited  space  has  been 
solved  by  the  following  improvement  in 
bunks,  26  of  which  have  been  installed 
uptodate.  The  improvement  consists  of 
a  bunk,  patented   and   manufactured   by 


Injection    of    Grouting  behind 
Shaft  Tubbing 


An  original  method  was  employed  at 
the  Hildesia  shaft  at  Diekholzen,  Ger- 
many, for  insuring  a  perfectly  water- 
tight joint  between  the  upper  ring  of  a 
set  of  tubbing  and  the  bearing  ring  above 
it.  As  the  tubbing  is  erected  from  below, 
resting  on  a  similar  bearing  ring  at  a 
lower  point  in  the  shaft,  a  small  space, 
of  variable  size,  always  remains  around 
the  top  of  the  uppermost  ring,  and  this 
has  to  be  carefully  closed,  generally  with 
pine  or  poplar  wedging. 

In  the  case  under  discussion,  after  the 
upper  ring  had  been  put  in  position,  the 
space  between  it  and  the  rock  wall  was 
filled  with  cement  grouting  to  the  level 


Sanitary  Mine  Bunk  Built  of  Pipe  and   Fittings 


Charles  Scheer,  of  Silverton,  Colo.  It  is 
made  up  of  piping  with  appropriate 
couplings  and  joints. 

As  shown  in  the  illustration  it  can  be 
used  with  any  coil  spring.  It  is  provided 
with  side  rails  for  the  protection  of  the 
sleeping  occupants.  The  parts  are  entirely 
separable  and  can  be  readily  transported 
in  tramways  or  by  any  other  means  in 
-ommon  use.  The  healthful  atmosphere 
^  hat  prevails  in  sleeping  quarters  at  the 
Sunnyside  mine  is  ample  proof  that  it 
fulfils  the  desired  object.  In  one  feature 
|Jlone,  the  elimination  of  the  bed  bug,  the 
installation  has  repaid  the  company. 


j  For  the  year  ended  May  KS.  1910,  an 
iverage   of   4.71    tons   were    crushed    per 

-tamp  per  24  hours  in  the  240-stamp  mill 
'f  the  Alaska-Treadwell. 


d — d',  and  the  wocd^n  wedging  e  was  in- 
serted in  the  usual  manner.  At  four 
equidistant  points  around  the  shaft,  10- 
mm.  holes  /  were  bored  through  the 
wood.  At  four  other  equidistant  points, 
45-mm.  holes  g  were  bored  through  the 
web  of  the  cast-iron  lining,  close  under 
the  upper  flange;  these  holes  were  fitted 
with  pipes  and  couplings. 

By  means  of  hose,  one  of  the  latter 
holes  was  connected  to  a  pipe  from  a 
high-pressure  pump,  and  cement  grouting 
was  forced  into  the  space  /.  The  three 
other  holes  of  this  set  were  closed  as 
soon  as  cement  began  to  come  through 
them,  with  the  escaping  air.  More  cement 
was  injected,  until  it  began  to  escape 
through  the  holes  in  the  wedging,  and 
these  were  then  tightly  closed.  Further 
additions  of  grouting,  under  a  pressure  of 


80  to  90  atmosphefes,  were  then  applied, 
for  the  purpose  of  forcing  the  cement 
into  every  crevice  of  the  rock  wall,  and 
also  into  the  grain  of  the  wedging.     By 


Shaft  Tubbing  Arranged  for  Injection 
OF  Grouting 

exercising  this  unusual  precaution,  the 
liability  of  leakage,  especially  during  the 
winter  when  the  tubbing  contracts,  was 
cntirelv  overcome. 


Electric  Locomotive  Repair  Pit 


By  H.  J.  Nelms* 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  con- 
venient arrangeiTient  for  a  locomotive  re- 
pair pit.  The  timbers  shown  in  sketch 
are  simply  laid  on  the  brick  wall.  When 
new  wheels  are  to  be  put  under  a  locomo- 
tive, the  motor  is  run  on  the  timbers  and 
then  jacked  up  and  timbers  are  laid 
crossways  over  the  pit  under  the  end  of 
locomotive.    The  wheels  are  then  dropped 


Wall       "~|~ 


Room  hero  for 
New  Wheels 
l,i- 


U   X  IQ"x   10"  Tliiibu 


U   X  in'x  10'     I       TliiilitT        I 


The  /JriffirietyiHg  ^  .l/itiirij/  Juurnat 

Arrangement  for 'Locomotive  Rkpair 
Pit 

down  to  the  pit  by  chain  block  and  new 
ones  put  on. 

By  leaving  the  timbers  loose  so  they 
can  be  placed  both  ways  across  the  pit, 
three  men  should  be  able  to  change 
wheels  in  four  or  five  hours.  Usually 
where  no  pit  is  used  the  locomotive  is 
jacked  up  above  the  wheels  and  the  old 
ones  run  out  and  new  ones  put  in,  it  is 
a  good  24-hour  job  for  four  or  five  men. 
The  pit  should  be  constructed  about  4 
ft.  deep  and  made  lar^e  enough  so  that 
the  new  wheels  can  be  kept  in  it. 

•Mining  engineer,  Coatle  Sbannoii,  I'enn. 


706 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


Steel  Ore  Chute  for  Use  in  High- 
grade  Stopes 


When  high-grade  ore  is  being  mined 
it  is  always  advisable  to  exert  every  pos- 
sible care  to  see  that  the  fines,  which 
often  run  high  in  gold  and  silver,  are 
not  lost.  To  this  end  in  the  square-set 
stopes  of  the  Centennial-Eureka  mine,  at 
Eureka,  Utah,  every  other  floor  is  tight- 
ly boarded  over  so  that  the  fines  cannot 
drop  through.  All  ore  is  handled  to 
chutes  on  the  tight  floors.  Steel  ore 
chutes  or  passes  are  used  between  floors 
and  to  deliver  ore  to  the  haulage  levels. 
Stope  sets  are  7  ft.  4  in.,  center  to 
center. 

Prevents  Loss  of  Rich  Fines 

The  ore  is  broken  down  on  8x8-in. 
shooting  timbers  and  dropped  one  set  to  a 
tight  floor,  there  sorted  and  shoveled,  or 
wheeled,  to  the  steel  chutes  into  which 
it  is  dumped.  These  chutes  are  built 
in  sections,  that  is,  they  are  carried  from 
one  tight  floor  to  the  stope  floor  imme- 
diately below  on  which  ore  is  broken, 
and  terminate  about  three  feet  above  the 
second  floor,  below  which  is  another  one 
that  is  tightly  boarded.  At  each  tight 
floor  a  temporary  wooden  hopper  mouth 
is  built  to  the  chute  so  that  ore  above  will 
drop  into  the  lower  continuation,  and  so 
that  ore  from  that  stoped  floor  can  be 
ersily  shoveled  or  dumped  into  it.  The 
chutes  being  in  sections,  can  be  easily 
moved  to  another  portion  of  the  mine 
when   one   stope    is    finished. 

The  steel  ore  passes  are  14x14'/$  in.  in- 
side measure,  the  sides  being  3/16-in. 
s'leet  steel,  bolted  at  the  edges  to  vertic- 
ally placed  P/<xli^xJ4-in.  angles.  By 
placing  the  angles  on  the  outside  corners 
they  are  not  subjected  to  any  wear. 

Such  chutes  are  tight  and  durable,  and 
their  use  in  conjunction  with  tightly 
boarded  stope  floors  insures  the  delivery 
of  all  ores  from  the  stopes.  Such  refine- 
irents  of  practice  (the  additional  costs 
thereby  entailed)  are  unwarranted  in 
handling  large  quantities  of  low-grade 
rock,  but  with  such  ore  as  is  mined  it 
the  Centennial-Eureka,  the  loss  that 
would  result  from  careless  handling  of 
the  ore  through  cribbed  or  loosely  lagged 
chutes  would  probably  be  much  greater 
than  is  the  cost  of  the  extra  installation. 


Labor  Saving  Apphances  in  the 
Assay    Laboratory* 

By  Edward  Kellerj 


Under  the  title  "Labor-Saving  Appli- 
ances in  the  Works  Laboratory,"  I  pub- 
lished a  paper'  in  which  was  described 
how     multi-manipulations,     in     a     works 


er  mechanical  devices.  For  example,  1  now 
deposit  in,  or  withdraw  from,  a  muffle  a 
set  of  48  cupels  as  one  unit.  The  front 
row  (eight)  of  these  are  blanks  or  heat- 
ers; the  other  40,  when  they  have  at- 
tained the  proper  temperature  in  the 
muffle,  are  charged  simultaneously  with 
the  40  lead-buttons.  Three  manipulations 
here  accomplish  an  operation  which  by 
the  customary  method  requires   136,  and 


Fig.  L   Device  for  Handling  48  Cupels  as  a  Unit 


Steel  Dredge  for  India 

The  Bucyrus  Company,  of  South  Mil- 
waukee, is  to  instal  a  modern  gold  dredge 
of  the  continuous-buckct-line  type  in 
Burma.    The  new  dredge  will  differ  from 

those  in  California  in  that  the  hull  and  all  laboratorv.  and  in  the  furnace  room  of  an 
structure  above  the  deck  will  be  of  steel,  assay  laboratory,  can  be  condensed  into 
This  ,s  one  of  the  first  American  dredges     sing,e  manipulations  by  applying  the  prop- 

or  this  type  to  mvade  foreign  fields  and  is . 

claimed  to  be  one  of  the  finest  machines         *"""■  ^-  '■  ^I-  '■••■  •■\"»-'-  ^^^^- 
turned  out  by  the  Bucyrus  Company.  l^^^Z  T;;"  ^^t^;  :^>:v,,  .-is. 


Fig.  2.    Parting  Bath  with  Sectional  Holders  for  Test  Tubes 


this  number  is  only   limited   bv  the  siz 
of  muffle  and  cupels. 

This  operation  is  an  enlargement  o 
what  I  have  already  described  in  ni 
former  paper,  and  Fig.  1  shows  the  ini 
proved  implements. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


707 


Parting  Bath 

I  previously  described  a  gold-silver 
bead-parting  bath,  which  is  the  last  of 
the  devices  used  in  regular  sequence  in 
practice.  This  bath  was  designated  as 
being  convenient,  but  was  not  properly 
a  labor  saver.  Fig.  2  shows  a  new  de- 
vice. Instead  of  the  original  tray,  there 
are  now  sectional  holders  for  the  test 
tubes,  each  having  a  wooden  handle  on 
either  end,  so  that  the  holders  may  be 
removed  from  the  boiling  hath,  and  the 
acid  or  water  poured  off  from  each  set 
of  tubes  (in  this  case,  seven)  without 
waiting  to  cool.  The  tubes  held  in  place 
by  clutches,  as  shown  in  Fig.  3,  rest  in 
holes  in  the  base  strip,  having  a  smaller 
diameter  than  the  tubes.  Each  holder  is 
stamped  at  either  end  with  a  number  so 
that  the  bath  becomes  further  useful  by 
permitting  several  men  to  use  it  at  the 
same    time    without    interference.      Apart 


in  sets  from  the  tubes  to  the  cups.  The 
individual  clutches  are  cut  from  brass 
pipe.  The  cup  holder  is  placed  over  the 
tubes  in  their  holder  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  mouth  of  each  tube  slips  into 
a  cup.  With  a  little  deftness  the  two 
holders  are  then  inverted  and  left  to- 
gether long  enough  in  that  position  to 
permit  the  gold  to  settle  to  the  bottom 
of  the  cups,  when  the  tubes  are  with- 
drawn carefully,  so  as  not  to  spill  any 
of  the  gold  with  the  water.  The  glass 
rods,  fastened  to  a  hinged  wooden  bar, 
are  then  turned  down  over  the  tops  of 
the  cups,  and  the  water  from  the  latter 
poured  off.  Were  the  whole  device  con- 
structed of  metal,  the  cups  with  the  gold 
contents  could  be  dried  and  the  Istter 
annealed  therein;  instead,  they  are  now 
transferred    to   a   special    sheet-iron   irai' 


caps  are  necessary  for  each  face.  The 
day  shift  and  the  night  shift  each  have  a 
key  to  the  bo.\.  These  boxes  are  so  dis- 
tributed that  they  are  not  less  than  75  ft. 
apart  and  at  a  safe  distance  from  the 
working  face.  This  distribution  of  powder 
prevents  any  serious  explosions,  such  as 
may  occur  when  many  boxes  are  kept  in 
one  magazine. 


Red  Lights  to  Mark  Winzes 

Red  lights  are  used  to  mark  winzes  and 
ore  chutes  on  the  various  levels  of  one 
of  the  Mesabi  iron  mines.  The  mine  is 
wired  for  electricity,  and  a  red  globe  is 
hung  directly  over  each  winze.  As  a 
further  precaution,  light  rails  are  placed 


Fig.  4.    Annlaling-uup  Hului^k 


Fig.  3.    Test  Tube  Holder  and  Device  for  Filling  Tubes 


from  the  handles,   the  holders  are  made 
of  sheet  copper. 

The  temperature  of  the  parting  bath 
may  be  raised  above  the  boiling  point  of 
the  water  by  adding  to  the  latter  an 
adequate  quantity  of  glycerin.  Salts 
(sulphates)  are  not  desirable  for  this 
purpose,  since  they  have  the  tendency  to 
creep  over  the  bath. 


j  Test  Tube  Holder  njcith  Filling  Device 

Fig.  3  shows  also  the  device  by  which 
each  set  of  tubes  is  filled  with  wash 
water.     The    supply   water   is   turned   on 

i  by  means  of  a  pinch  cock,  and  the  glass 
cocks  of  the  individual  outlets  are  set 
so   as   to    insure    an    equal    stream    from 

I  each  orifice.  When  in  operation,  the 
whole  stands  in  a  drain. 

I  Holder  and  Tray  for  Annealing  Cups 

I  Fig.  4  shows  an  annealing-cup  holder, 
enabling  the  operator  to  transfer  the  gold 


with  a  wooden  handle.  Fig.  5,  dried  on  a 
hot  plate  and  annealed  on  a  gas  stove. 

The  description"  of  labor-saving  appli- 
ances given  in  the  original  and  in  this 
supplementary  paper  demonstrates  that, 
with  the  sole  exception  of  weighing,  the 
idea  of  "working  in  sets"  can  be  carried 
through  every  operation  in  the  assay 
laboratory  and   furnace  room. 


Powder  Storage  Underground 


over  these  openings,  forming  a  grizzly. 
With  these  precautions  it  would  seem  al- 
most impossible  for  a  man  to  fall  down  a 
winze. 

The  c"mpany  is  certainly  doing  its  part 
to  safeguard  its  employees.  Even  with  all 
this,  the  miner  being  used  to  danger  will 
be  likely  to  neglect  placing  grizzly  bars, 
or  fail  to  replrce  a  broken  lamp.  There 
should  be  a  further  protection  in  the  way 
of  a  penalty  for  not  keeping  these  safe- 
guards in  place. 


At  the  Leonard  mine,  Chisholm.  Minn., 
only  one  box  of  powder  is  taken  under- 
ground for  each  working  f;ce.  This 
powder  is  kept  under  lock  and  key  in  a 
box,  2x2x4  ft.     In  this  box  is  also  kept 


Correction 


The  gin  pole  illustrated  in  the  Journal, 
Aug.  13,  page  306,  was  given  as  42  ft.  6 
in.  high.    The  drawing  was  of  the  upper 


one  box  of  candles  and  whatever  fuse  and     half  only,  the  total  hight  being  85  ft 


708 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


Annual  Report  of  Alaska-Treadwell  Company 


The  twentieth  annual  statement  of  the 
Alaska-Treadwell  Gold  Mining  Company 
comprising  superintendent's  report,  bal- 
ance sheet  and  profit  and  loss  account, 
with  detailed  statement  of  disbursements 
and  receipts,  etc.,  for  the  year  ended 
May  31,  1910,  is  now  made  public.  As 
usual  this  report  reflects  great  credit  upon 
the  management  and  technical  skill  of  the 
operating  force  of  the  company.  The  re- 
port of  Robert  A.  Kinzie,  general  super- 
intendent, on  the  operations  of  the  com- 
pany for  the  year  ended  May  15,  1910,  is 
complete  in  all  details,  leaving  no  im- 
portant information  to  be  desired. 

Development  Operations  All  below 
600-FOOT  Level 

No  work  was  done  in  the  open  pit  nor 
was  any  development  work  done  on  the 
levels  above  the  600  on  which  a  chute 
raise,  station  and  short  drift  were  run 
to  facilitate  drawing  ore  from  the  stopes. 
The  total  exploration  and  development 
operations  for  the  year  were  as  follows: 
600-ft.  level,  41  ft.;  1050-ft.  level,  68; 
1250-ft.  level,  2640;  1450-ft.  level,  8889; 
1600-ft.  level,  928;  1750- ft.  level,  170; 
shaft  No.  2.  275.  The  total  footages 
made  in  the  various  kinds  of  work  were: 
Drifts,  2581  ft.;  crosscuts,  478;  raises, 
4727;  intermediate  drifts,  3227;  stations, 
1723;  shafts,  275;  total,  13,011  ft.  In 
addition  to  the  above,  the  Treadweil  com- 
pany did  the  following  work  in  the  Alaska 
.  United  Gold  Mining  Company's  700-ft. 
claim  mine:  Drifts,  1198  ft.;  crosscuts, 
125;  raises,  593;  intermediate  drifts,  54; 
stations,  421;  shaft  No.  2,  588;  total, 
2979  ft.  A  tabulation  of  the  development 
work  done  in  the  mines  from  1894  to  1910 
inclusive  is  also  given.  The  total  advance 
for  the  period  is  stated  as  107,030  ft. 
More  development  work  was  done  in 
1909-10  than  in  any  previous  year. 

Development  Work  Furnished  15.46 
Per  Cent,  of  Tonnage  Extracted 

The  table  of  tonnage  of  ore  mined  and 
sent  to  the  mills  during  the  year  also 
shows  the  percentage  of  ore  e.\tracted 
from  the  different  levels.  A  total  of  744,- 
22(1  tons  was  sent  to  the  mills,  of  which 
the  1050-ft.  level  furnished  41.46  per 
cent.,  the  1250-ft.,  25.57;  440- ft.,  2.57; 
600-ft.,  3.51;  750-ft.,  6.70;  and  1450- 
ft.,  4.73;  all  of  the  above  being  from 
stopes.  The  600-ft.  level  also  furnished, 
from  development  work,  0,03  per  cent,  of 
the  total  tonnage  extracted;  the  1050-ft., 
0.04;  the  1250-ft.,  2.51;  and  the  1450- 
ft.,   12.88  per  cent. 

The  estimate  of  ore  reserves  on  May 
15,  1910,  shows  that  there  were  4,897,- 
238  tons  of  ore  in  place  developed,  and 
1,002,126  tons  of  broken  ore  in  the  stopes, 
making  a  total  of  5,899,364  tons  of  ore  in 


reserve,  the  average  assay  value  of  which 
was  estimated  at  S2.85  per  ton.  In  the 
above  reckoning  ore  that  must  remain  in 
the  mine  in  the  shape  of  pillars  is  in- 
cluded. 

Average  Tenor  and  Magnitude  of  Ore 
Reserves  Higher  Than  Ever  Before 

The  historical  statement  of  ore  reserves 
and  ore  milled  shows  that  the  tonnage  of 
estimated  ore  reserves,  the  average  assay 


per  ton  is  derived  by  adding  the  tailings 
valiie  to  the  returns  from  the  mill.  Other 
tabulations  of  interest  are  given  whicn 
show  complete  data  on  the  mining-oper- 
ations for  the  year  under  review. 

Sulphurets  Represent  42  Per  Cent,  of 
Yield 

The  mill  records  for  the  year  show  that 
the  240-stamp  mill  lost  14  days  6  hours 
and   1 1   min.  during  the  year.     The  300- 


value  per  ton  of  the  ore  so  classed  and 
the  average  assay  value  per  ton  of  the 
ore  sent  to  the  mill  in  1910  were  higher 
than  in  any  previous  year.  The  total  num- 
ber of  tons  sent  to  the  mill  in  1910  was, 
however,  slightly  less  than  in  several  of 
the  previous  years.  In  1910  744,226  tons 
of    ore    averaging    ,S2.95    per     ton     were 


IGOO  Ft.  LeT0l= 

1750  Ft.  UyclMjsmloii 

1S:C  Ft.]IIl]  ITw  Enipnttriifj  i  .Virtiny  /irt.m«l 

stamp  mill  lost  157  days  20  hours  and  26 
min.  The  latter  was  operated  only  by 
water  power.  The  cost  of  milling  the 
744,226  tons  of  ore  was  $133,941  or 
SO.  1799  per  ton.  The  ore  yielded  in  free 
gold  including  base  bars;  Sl,203,988  or 
SI, 6177  per  ton,  and  from  14,046.36  tons 
of     sulphurets      treated.      S875,329,     or 


milled.     The^  average  tonnage  milled   for.     SI. 1762  per  ton  of  ore  milled,  making  the 
10  years  is  739,665  tons,  the  value  being     total   returns   for  the  year  $2,079,318  or 

S2.7939  per  ton  of  ore  milled. 


S2.40  per  ton.     The  average  assay  value 


I 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


709 


Extensive  Power  Development 

During  the  year  a  new  bath  house  and 
swimming  tank  were  added  to  the  club 
house,  which  is  stated  to  be  popular  with 
the  employees  and  considered  by  the  com- 
pany an  important  adjunct  to  the  plant. 
The  Alaska-Treadwell  company's  propor- 
tion of  the  electric-power  construction 
account  amounted  to  S78,200  during  the 
year.  The  Westinghouse-Parson  steam- 
turbine  plant,  mentioned  in  last  year's 
report,  was  installed  and  tested  and  will 
be  put  in  regular  service  as  soon  as  mo- 
tors are  installed  in  the  mines  and  on  the 
surface.  The  development  of  electric 
power  on  Lake  Turner  has  not  been 
prosecuted. 

A  hydroelectric  plant  consisting  of  two 
units  of  1000  kw.  each  is  now  being  in- 
stalled at  Sheep  creek.  The  flume,  pipe 
line  and  transmission  line  are  in  course 
of  construction.  This  plant  will  carry  the 
load  during  the  water  season,  and  the 
Steam-turbine  plant  on  Douglas  island 
will  take  care  of  the  load  during  the 
winter  months.  It  is  stated  that  the  plant 
will  be  completed  and  in  operation  in  the 


fall.  The  company  has  obtained  an  op- 
tion on  a  water-power  site  on  Nuggett 
creek.  Labor  supply  is  stated  as  having 
been  satisfactory  for  all  departments  of 
the  mine  and  mill. 

Property  and  Plant  Assets  Increased 
BY  2.88  Per  Cent 

The  secretary's  balance  sheet  shows 
that  capital  and  liabilities,  including  S5,- 
000,000  in  capital  stock,  total  S5,3t58,787 
which  is  balanced  by  the  property  and  as- 
sets of  which  the  property  and  plant  rep- 
resent ,S4,783,857.  During  the  year  1909- 
10  improvements  valued  at  $137,870  were 
added  to  the  property  and  plant  of  the 
company. 

In  the  profit  and  loss  account  the  total 
operating  costs  for  the  year  ended  May 
31,  1910,  are  stated  as  .Sl,166,511:  con- 
struction and  repair  costs,  ,S23,453;  and 
coal  suspense,  meaning  loss  on  coal  sales 
during  the  year,  S244.  The  receipts  were: 
From  bullion  account,  32,076,903;  inter- 
est, $9523;  commercial  profits,  .S85,077. 
A  net  profit  for  the  year  of  3981,295  is 
thus   shown.     Dividends   representing    17 


per  cent,  on  the  par  value  of  the  capital 
stock,  amounting  to  3850,000,  were  paid, 
313,853  written  off  for  personal  accounts 
and  3178,165  for  depreciation  on  the 
plant.  A  balance  of  $74,687  was  carried 
forward. 

Total  Costs  $1,599  Per  Ton  of  Ore 
Milled 

The  operating  costs  per  ton  of  ore 
milled  during  the  year  ended  May 
31,  1310,  were:  Mining  (development 
13,011  ft.;  stoning,  901,325  tons  of  ore 
and  14,582  tons  of  waste)  $1.1766;  mill- 
ing (744,226  tons  of  ore  crushed) 
SO.  1799;  sulphuret  expense  (14,046.36 
tons  treated  I  .30.1219;  general  expense, 
Douglas  island,  30.0567;  San  Francisco- 
office  expense,  30.0109;  London-office  ex- 
pense. ,30.0019:  Paris-office  expense, 
30.0003;  consulting-engineer  expense, 
30.0018;  taxes,  30.0035;  bullion  charges, 
30.0139,  making  a  total  operating  cost  of 
31.5674.  To  this  must  be  added  a  con- 
struction and  repair  cost  amounting  to 
SO. 0316,  bringing  the  total  costs  up  to 
31.599  per  ton  of  ore  milled. 


Scheftels  &  Co.  Raided  by  Federal  Authorities 


George  Graham  Rice  and  B.  H.  Schef- 
tels &  Co.  have  long  figured  in  the  news- 
papers of  Nevada,  Colorado  and  New 
York,  because  of  their  promotion  of  min- 
ing companies.  They  first  appeared  in 
New  York  as  sellers  of  the  stock  of  the 
Rawhide  Coalition  company,  over  which 
there  was  a  collapse  and  scandal  in  the 
early  part  of  1909.  Later  they  brought 
out  Ely  Central  and  Bovard,  the  latter 
being  a  prospect  near  Rawhide,  Nev., 
upon  which  they  succeeded  in  selling  a 
large  amount  of  stock.  In  the  Journal 
of  Oct.  9,  19C9,  and  Nov.  6,  1909,  we  ex- 
posed their  manipulation  of  Ely  Central, 
showing  how  they  had  optioned  the  ma- 
jority of  its  capital  stock  at  a  relatively 
low  figure  and  had  boomed  it  to  ,34 '.J 
per  share,  representing  upward  of  35,- 
000,000  for  what  was  merely  a  pi'ospect, 
showing  that  the  so  called  "Mining  Finan- 
cial News,"  masquerading  ac  the  "Wall 
St.  Authority  on  New  York  and  Boston 
Curb  Stocks,"  but  always  saying  good 
words  for  Scheftels  &  Co.  and  "hollerin'  " 
for  its  readers  to  buy  Ely  Central,  Bo- 
vard, etc.,  was  in  reality  published  by  the 
same  ring  and  that  Rice  was  back  of  it 
all.  These  connections  had  previously 
been  kept  in  the  background,  but  our  ex- 
posure showed  the  Ely  Central  property 
for  what  it  was.  viz.,  a  prospect,  not  a 

I  VC17  good  prospect,  and  very  far  from 
being  a  mine  almost  certain  to  have  33,- 
000  TOO  tons  of  ore  and  a  probable  ability 

'  to  produce  copper  for  6  to  8c.  per  pound. 
Long  before  our  disclosures  the  oper- 
ations of  Scheftels  &  Co.  had  been  a  pub- 


lic scandal,  at  the  stench  of  which  decent 
people  had  to  hold  their  noses.  The  mar- 
ket transactions  were  the  subject  of  fre- 
quent complaints  to  the  Curb  Agency,  and 
on  Jan.  1  the  concern  ceased  to  be  recog- 
nized at  the  Curb  Agency  by  a  ruling  that 
no  corporation  would  be  accepted  as  a 
subscriber. 

In  the  sale  of  its  stocks  Scheftels  & 
Co.  have  employed  many  "litterateurs," 
many  high-salaried  officials,  and  hun- 
dreds of  clerks,  typewriters,  telegraphers, 
.etc.  The  office  and  advertising  expenses 
have  been  enormous.  Out  of  the  pro- 
ceeds thus  expended  a  number  of  daily 
newspapers  have  benefited,  but  amonc, 
the  New  York  dailies,  only  one — the 
Commercial — accepted  this  business  right 
along,  and  most  of  them  would  never 
touch  it  at  all.  The  stocks  of  the  "mines" 
vended  by  Rice  have  never  yielded  any 
dividends;  nor  have  the  "mines."  Did 
any  of  the  buyers  ever  ask  himself 
whence  came  all  of  the  promotion 
money?  The  wonder  is  that  this  thing 
has  been  allowed  to  go  on  for  so  long. 
Action  by  the  authorities,  however,  has 
been  taken. 

The  office  of  B.  H.  Scheftels  &  Co.,  In- 
corporated, in  Broad  street.  New  York, 
was  raided  about  noon,  Thursday,  Sep'. 
29,  and  simultaneously  the  branch  offices 
of  the  concern  in  half  a  dozen  cities  were 
raided.  The  raids  were  directed  by  tho 
Bureau  of  Investigation  of  the  Deoartment 
of  Justice  and  that  in  New  York  was 
conducted  by  George  Scarborough,  spe- 
cial agent  of  the  bureau,  assisted  by  de- 


tectives from  the  central  office  of  the  New 
iarV.  police. 

According  to  the  newspaper  accounts, 
when  the  police  wagon  halted  in  front  of 
the  offices  of  the  concern,  which  directly 
overlook  the  Curb  market,  it  was  greeted 
with  cheers  by  the  crowd  of  brokers  there, 
and  shouts  of  "You're  late  in  coining, 
but  we're  glad  to  see  you;"  "Good  thing 
you've  come;"  "You're  here  at  last;"  and 
to  the  prisoners  as  they  were  taken  awav, 
"Glad  to  see  you  going." 

Entering  the  offices,  Scarborough 
caused  the  doors  to  be  locked  and  order- 
ing the  telegraphers  to  leave  their  instru- 
ments, to  prevent  them  from  warning  the 
branch  offices,  his  officers  went  through 
the  offices  picking  out  the  men  for  whom 
they  had  warrants.  They  were  Bernard 
H.  Scheftels,  president  of  the  company, 
Clarence  McCormack,  Charles  F.  Belser, 
Charles  B.  Stone,  John  Delaney,  William 
T.  Seagraves,  and  George  F.  Sullivan, 
alias  "Red  Letter"  Sullivan.  The  officers 
had  a  warrant  to  arrest  George  Graham 
Rice,  but  he  apparently  got  wind  of  the 
impending  raid  and  escaped.  Remaining 
in  hiding  over  night,  he  gave  himself  up 
on  Friday  afternoon. 

The  investigators  seized  the  books  and 
papers  of  the  concern  which  they  dumped 
into  two  more  patrol  wagons  and  carted 
to  the  Federal  building. 

Arraigned  before  CommissionerShields, 
the  complaint  made  by  Mr.  Scarborough 
charged  the  men  arrested  with  misuse  of 
the  mails,  operating  a  bucket  shop,  mak- 
ing false  quotations,  charging  interest  on 


710 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


fictitious  accounts,  and  conversion  of  se- 
curities belonging  to  customers.  Rice 
and  Scheftels  were  held  in  S15,000  bail, 
Sullivan  in  SIO.OOO,  Belser  in  S7500,  and 
the  two  others  in  S2500  each.  Sullivan 
and  Belser  failed  to  secure  bail  and  were 
detained.  On  Friday  application  to  re- 
duce their  bail  to  S7500  and  S5000  re- 
spectively was  granted,  but  upon  the  re- 
lease of  Sullivan  he  was  immediately  ar- 
rested by  Lieut.  B.  McConville,  of  the 
central  office,  on  the  strength  of  an  in- 
dictment found  against  him  in  New  York 
county  in  1901.  charging  grand  larceny 
by  the  stealing  of  100  shares  of  Republic 
Steel  stock  from  a  man  in  Long  Island. 
"Red  Letter"  Sullivan  is  said  to  have 
gained  his  soubriquet  as  the  writer  of 
flamboyant  and  roseate  "literature." 

This  raid  was  made  as  the  result  of 
the  attention  of  the  Bureau  of  Investiga- 
tion of  the  Department  of  Justice  to  the 
operations  of  Scheftels  &  Co.,  which  has 
been  going  on  for  many  months,  under 
the    direct    supervision     of     Stanley     W. 


Finch,  chief  of  the  bureau,  and  of  At- 
torney-general Wickersham,  while  George 
Scarborough,  special  agent,  has  been  im- 
mediately conducting  the  investigation. 
The  orders  to  make  the  raid  were  issued 
from  the  Department  of  Justice,  at  Wash- 
ington, and  its  action  is  apparently  a 
part  of  the  policy  of  the  administration 
to  eliminate  shady  "financiering,"  "bucket- 
ing," and  swindling  operations  from  our 
business  affairs.  Immediately  after  the 
raid,  the  following  statement  was  given 
out  from  the   Department  of  Justice: 

"Acting  under  the  direction  of  the  De- 
partment of  Justice,  United  States  At- 
torney Wise  at  New  York  today,  as  the 
result  of  information  secured  by  the  bur- 
eau of  investigation  of  this  department, 
caused  the  arrest  of  the  principal  persons 
connected  with  the  firm  of  B.  H.  Scheftels 
&  Co.,  on  a  complaint  alleging  a  con- 
spiracy to  use  the  mail  in  furtherance  of 
a  scheme  to  defraud.  Simultaneously 
with  the  arrest  in  New  York,  agents  of 
the    department    at    Boston,    Providence, 


Philadelphia,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and 
Detroit  endeavored  to  effect  the  arrest  of 
the  managers  of  the  branch  offices  at 
those  places  on  warrants  charging  them 
with  being  parties  to  the  conspiracy. 

"The  evidence  in  possession  of  the  de- 
partment tries  to  show  that  Scheftels  & 
Co.  have  been  engaged  in  the  promotion 
of  the  sale  of  mining  stocks  of  very  ques- 
tionable value,  the  price  of  which  has 
been  increased  as  a  result  of  exaggerated 
and  fictitious  statements  made  by  per- 
sons interested  in  the  company;  that  they 
have  been  operating  a  bucket  shop  and 
reporting  to  customers  alleged  purchases 
and  sales  at  other  than  the  correct  market 
prices,  and  that  in  a  number  of  instances 
they  have  converted  money  and  stock 
belonging  to  their  customers. 

"The  evidence  in  possession  of  the  de- 
partment also  tends  to  show  that  one 
George  Graham  Rice,  whose  proper  name 
is  said  to  be  Simon  Jacob  Herzig,  is  the 
man  principally  interested  in  the  concern 
known  as  Scheftels  &  Co." 


Los  Angeles  Meeting,  American  Mining  Congress 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


On  Monday,  Sept.  26,  at  the  Mason 
opera  house,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  President 
E.  R.  Buckley  called  to  order  the  13th 
annual  session  of  the  American  Mining 
Congress.  Owing  to  the  enforced  ab- 
sence, through  illness,  of  James  F.  Call- 
breath.  Jr.;  the  position  of  secretary  pro 
tern  was  filled  by  Sidney  Norman,  of  Los 
Angeles.  The  morning  session  was  taken 
up  by  addresses  of  welcome  to  the  dele- 
gates and  members,  the  speakers  being 
Alden  P.  Anderson,  lieutenant-governor 
of  California;  George  Alexander,  mayor 
of  Los  Angeles;  Joseph  Scott,  president 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Los 
Angeles;  E  -\.  Montgomery,  president  of 
the  Sierra  Madre  Club,  of  Los  Angeles; 
and  F.  J.  Tyrell,  of  Los  Angeles.  A  mo- 
tion conveying  to  Secretary  Callbreath 
a  message   of  sympathy,  was  passed. 

State  Representatives  Respond  to  Ad- 
dresses OF  Welcome 

The  afternoon  session  was  devoted 
chiefly  to  responses  to  the  addresses  of 
welcome.  A.  S.  Givens,  Nevada,  spoke 
of  the  zinc  and  lead  resources  of  that 
State,  and  presented  to  the  chairman  a 
large  specimen  of  zinc  ore  from  the  Good- 
springs  district;  also  a  gavel,  in  the  fortn 
of  a  miner's  pick,  made  from  zinc  from 
the  same  district.  Col.  L.  W.  Powell  and 
Gen.  A.  J.  Sampson  responded  for  Ari- 
zona, telling  of  the  vast  mineral  resources 
of  that  Territory.  E.  H.  Benjamin,  Cali- 
fornia, g?ve  a  review  of  the  history  of 
mining  and  discussed  the  dredging  indus- 


try of  the  State.  David  Ross,  Illinois, 
called  attention  to  the  great  resources  of 
his  State,  setting  forth  that  there  was 
sufficient  coal  within  its  confines  to  last 
several  thousand  years.  He  thought  there 
was  little  need  of  conservation  with  re- 
spect to  Illinois  coal.  Responses  were 
made  also  by  J.  W.  Malcolmson,  Mis- 
souri; James  W.  Abbott,  Nevada;  Rev. 
H.  M.  Shields,  New  Mexico;  F.  J.  H.  Mer- 
rill. New  York;  G.  W.  E.  Dorsey,  Nebras- 
ka; John  Dern,  Utah;  and  R.  W.  Brock, 
director  of  the  geological  survey  branch 
of  the  Department  of  Mines,  of  Canada. 

President  Buckley  in  Annual  Address 
Treats  Subject  of  "Conservation" 

Monday  evening.  President  Buckley  de- 
livered his  annual  address.  Doctor  Buck- 
ley reviewed  the  work  of  the  congress  for 
the  year  past;  in  speaking  of  financial 
conditions  he  made  a  plea  for  an  endow- 
ment of  S500,000.  which  he  thought  could 
easily  be  contributed  from  the  fortunes 
made  in  American  mines.  Reference  was 
made  to  the  necessity  for  revising  the 
mineral  land  laws.  He  urged  the  enact- 
ment of  State  laws  taxing  mining  com- 
panies on  stock  issued  as  one  of  the  best 
schemes  for  reaching  the  fake  promoter, 
and  hoped  that  some  way  could  be  found 
to  bring  about  a  better,  safer  and  sound- 
er condition  in  the  stock  luarkets  of  the 
country. 

On  the  subject  of  "conservation," 
Doctor  Buckley  said  in  part:  "Four 
things  appear  to  be  perfectly  clear  in  the 


consideration  of  the  problem:  (1)  As 
mining  men,  we  cannot  afford  to  have  the 
Government  enact  legislation  that  will 
make  the  occupation  of  mining  more  haz- 
ardous than  it  is,  either  respecting  the 
protection  of  life  or  the  investment  of 
money;  (2)  That  nothing  shall  be  done 
that  will  in  any  way  retard  the  develop- 
ment of  our  manufacturing  industries  th-it 
depend  upon  the  products  of  the  minrs 
for  their  business;  (3)  That  everything 
possible  be  done  to  increase  the  percent- 
age of  metals  that  can  be  recovered  fro'ii 
the  ore  deposits  and  the  recovery  from 
deposits  of  coal,  oil  and  gas;  (4)  To 
bring  about  as  quickly  as  possible  the 
use  of  substitutes  for  the  present  sources 
of  power  and  for  the  metals  which  are 
supposed  to  be  limited  in  quantity.  The 
question  of  the  ownership  of  the  public 
domain  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be 
considered  apart  from  that  of  conserva- 
tion. In  doing  this  it  should  be  remem-  ' 
bored  that  ownership  that  may  be  other- 
wise desirable,  may  be  undesirable  fro'i 
the  standpoint  of  conservation,  and  viw 
versa.  The  question  of  ownership  is 
political  and  sociological,  while  conser- 
vation is  technical  and  scientific." 

Pinchot    Advocates    the    Leasing    of 
Government  Oil  Lands  in  California 

Following  Doctor  Buckley,  Gifford  Pin- 
chot delivered  an  address  on  conservation. 
Regarding  the  California  oil  situation, 
Mr.  Pinchot  said  he  believed  t^at  men 
who   had  made  bona   tide   locations  pre- 


October  8,  I9I0. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


711 


vious  to  withdrawal  and  had  proceeded  to 
discovery  in  good  faith,  will  receive  pat- 
ents; oil  lands,  however,  that  have  not 
been  located  should  remain  the  property 
of  the  Government.  He  stated  that  the 
present  withdrawals  should  be  main- 
tained long  enough  to  secure  legislation 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  oil  industry 
and  a  conserving  of  this  great  resource. 
Such  legislation  should  provide  for  a 
prospecting  permit  good  for,  say,  three 
years,  during  which  the  prospector  should 
be  secure  in  the  possession  of  a  reason- 
able amount  of  land  on  condition  that  he 
goes  ahead  diligently  to  prospect  and 
develop  it.  Upon  discovery  the  Govern- 
ment should  issue  a  permit  entitling  the 
holder  to  possession  of  the  land  for,  say, 
25  years,  or  long  enough  to  make  the  oil 
business  attractive  and  profitable.  The 
pennit  holder  or  lessee  should,  under  the 
regulation,  pay  a  royalty  to  the  Govern- 
ment in  amounts  small  enough  not  to 
hamper  or  prevent  development.  The 
leasing  system,  which  is  not  de- 
signed to  interfere  with  the  rights 
of  the  prospector,  must  facilitate  mineral 
development    rather   than   check   it. 

Speaking  generally  of  conservation, 
Mr.  Pinchot  said:  "The  people  of  the 
United  States  have  the  conservation  ide,i 
n  their  heads.  The  opposition  to  it  is 
dwindling  rapidly  in  effectiveness  and 
quantity.  Would  it  not  be  wise  for  the 
nining  men,  instead  of  following  the  pro- 
'ession  which  cannot  be  stopped,  to  get 
It  the  head  of  it  and  steer  it  as  they 
vould  have  it  go?" 

Resolutions  Referred  to  Committee 

The  Tuesday  session  was  opened  by 
innouncements  by  the  secretary.  The 
esolutions  committee  was  announced  at 

meeting  called  for  the  afternoon.  The 
oUowing  resolutions  were  read  and  re- 
erred  10  the  committee  on  resolutions: 
'roviding  for  the  lessening  of  accidents 
n  mines  and  fixing  the  employer's  lia- 
'ility;  providing  for  an  expression  of 
hanks  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States  for  the  establishment  of  a  Bureau 
f  Mines  (immediately  passed  under  sus- 
ended  rules);  recommending  the  contin- 
ation  of  the  desert  wells  and  water-sav- 
ng  devices;  recognizing  conservation 
rinciples  and  providing  for  a  leasing 
ystem  for  the  disposition  of  oil  lands; 
roviding  for  more  simple  procedure  in 
fie  location  of  mining  claims  in  forest 
eserves;  protesting  against  the  segrega- 
on  of  surface  and  mineral  rights,  pro- 
JSting  against  the  present  bureaucratic 
lethod  of  disposing  of  timber  lands;  rec- 
mmending  that  the  American  Mining 
Congress  refuse  to  commit  itself  to  any 
jolicy  regarding  the  disposition  of  pub- 
!c  oil  lands. 

HE  Federal  Government  and  the  Oil 
I       Industry  Discussed  at  Length 

The    balance    of   the    morning    session 
as  occupied  with  discussion  of  the  sub- 


ject "The  Federal  Government  and  the 
Oil  Industry."  Congressman  S.  C.  Smith, 
California,  pointed  out  the  fallacy  of  the 
leasing  system  or  of  a  system  whereby 
the  operator  would  receive  a  percentage 
of  his  earnings  from  the  Govern- 
ment. He  upheld  the  acquisition  of 
public  oil  lands  by  location  and  patent. 
Charles  P.  Fox,  California,  believed 
that  the  oil  men  of  California  were 
capable  of  working  out  their  own 
problems  without  the  assistance  of 
the  Mining  Congress.  Ex-Congressman 
C  A.  Barlow,  California,  opposed  con- 
servation, believing  in  the  present  laws 
with  a  few  amendments.  S.  C.  Graham, 
California,  made  a  strong  plea  for  the 
principles  of  conservation,  believing  that 
such  legislation  should  be  enacted  as 
would  secure  for  the  Government  the 
largest  revenue  consistent  with  the  pre- 
vent.on  of  monopoly.  T.  A.  O'Donnel, 
California,  favored  a  return  to  the  laws 
.that  have  been  in  force  for  the  last  30 
years. 

At  the  afternoon  session  resolutions 
were  submitted  providing  for  protection 
against  unscrupulous  promoters;  recom- 
mending such  changes  in  the  Sherman 
anti-trust  law  as  would  provide  for  the 
conservation  of  coal  lands;  and  urging 
legislation  looking  to  the  regulation  of 
freight  rates  charged  by  railroads  for 
hauling    ores. 

The  discussion  of  the  oil  industry  was 
resumed.  George  E.  Baker,  California, 
opposed  conservation  and  set  forth  the  in- 
justice of  recent  decisions  by  the  Land 
Office,  and  expressed  the  belief  that  the 
situation  could  be  cleared  by  simple 
amendments  to  existing  laws.  F.  H.  Short, 
California,  spoke  in  favor  of  leaving  pub- 
lic lands  open  to  location.  T.  E.  Gib- 
bon, California,  favored  conservation  that 
will  give  the  Government  the  benefit  of 
land  still  owned  by  it,  but  that  will  not 
withdraw  land  already  located. 

Foundation  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
Commended 

E.  W.  Parker,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey,  read  an  address  on  "Conservation 
as  it  Affects  Coal  Lands."  George  S. 
Rice,  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  read  an 
address  on  "Investigation  of  Mine  Acci- 
dents." A  resolution  was  passed  under 
suspended  rules  congratulating  President 
Taft  on  the  appointment  of  Dr.  J.  A. 
Holmes  as  director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines.  At  eight  o'clock  in  the  evening  a 
reception  was  given  by  the  Los  Angeles 
Chamber  of  Commerce  to  the  delegates 
and  members  and  their  wives.  An  address 
was  delivered  by  Joseph  Scott,  president 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  Doctor 
Buckley  replied. 

Revision  of  Mineral  Land  Laws  Dis- 
cussed 

A  telegram  from  the  Coalinga  Chamber 
of  Commerce  was  read,  requesting  that 
the  American   Mining  Congress  take   no 


action  in  the  matter  of  California  oil 
lands.  The  report  of  the  committee  on 
revision  of  mineral-land  laws  strongly 
uiged  a  general  revision  of  laws,  point- 
ing out  that  the  present  laws  are  ob- 
solete and  entirely  inadequate.  The  reso- 
lution providing  for  the  investigation  of 
freight  rates  was  reported  favorably  and 
passed.  As  part  of  the  discussion  on  this 
subject  T.  C.  Becker,  of  Los  Angeles, 
read  an  address  entitled  "Railroads  and 
Mining  Development." 

Congressman  Frank  Mondell,  Wyom- 
ing, chairman  of  the  public-lands  com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
sent  a  communication  on  "Private 
Ownership  or  a  Leasing  System."  He 
directed  attention  toward  the  growing 
sentiment  in  favor  of  a  leasing  system  of 
public  lands,  but  declared  it  to  be  un- 
popular among  a  majority  of  the  people 
in  the  States  affected,  as  representing  a 
direct  tax  on  mineral  production  not  im- 
posed upon  like  production  in  other  states. 
Mr.  Mondell  inclined  to  favor  a  continua- 
tion of  private  ownership  under  certain 
restrictions. 

C.  Colcock  Jones  read  a  paper  entitled 
"Iron  Ores  of  the  Southwest,"  describing 
many  iron  deposits  of  the  region  and  set- 
ting forth  the  certainty  of  the  establish- 
ment of  iron  furnaces  in  this  district.  At 
the  afternoon  session  J.  W.  Abbott,  Ne- 
vada, delivered  an  address  on  "Railroads 
and  Mining  Development."  L.  E.  Aubury, 
San  Francisco,  spoke  on  the  subject  "The 
Elimination  of  the  Fake  Promoter."  Ad- 
journment was  taken  at  3:30  o'clock. 

Doctor  Holmes    on  the  Conservation 
Policy  of  the  Government 

At  a  luncheon  given  by  the  Chamber 
of  Mines  of  Los  Angeles,  Dr.  Joseph  A. 
Holmes,  director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines, 
delivered  an  address  on  the  conservation 
policy  of  the  Government.  Mr.  Holmes 
prefaced  his  remarks  with  the  statement 
that  his  comments  were  not  official.  He 
said  in  part:  "It  is  not  the  purpose  of 
the  administration  in  withdrawing  mineral 
lands  and  proposing  a  revision  of  the 
mineral-land  laws  to  derive  a  revenue 
from  the  mining  industries  of  the  West. 
If  the  leasing  and  royalty  system  of  dis- 
tributing the  mineral  lands  should  he 
adopted  it  would  be  merely  with  the  idea 
of  giving  thc;ii  to  the  people  under  the 
most  favorable  conditions.  It  is  my  un- 
derstanding that  the  lease  granted  to  the 
discoverer  of  minerals  would  be  practi- 
cally perpetual,  and  it  is  a  matter  of 
record  that  President  Roosevelt  pronosed 
a  maximum  royalty  of  20  per  cent,  winch 
would  not  be  a  tax  on  the  mineral  pro- 
di'ctinn  to  the  extent  of  a  burden  nor  a 
check  on  the  mining  indunstry  of  the 
West." 

The  sessions  of  the  America!  Mining 
Congress  have  been  well  attended,  and 
much  interest  is  being  evinced  in  the  sub- 
jects under  discussion.  The  deliberations 
will>continue  until  Oct.  1. 


712 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


New  Plant  for  Washing  Iron  Ore,  Mesabi  Range 

Oliver  Company's  Washery  to  Comprise  Five  Units  of  1 00  Tons  per 
Hour     Capacity    Each.       Log-washers    and    Overstrom    Tables    Used 


B     Y 


K 


S      O      P      E      R'' 


The  iron  ore  that  is  mined  on  the 
Mesabi  range  in  northern  Minnesota  is 
for  the  most  part  quite  free  from  sandy 
or  shaly  impurities  and  of  unusually  high 
grade.  Where  streaks  or  zones  of  low- 
grade,  lean  ore  and  sand  occur  in  the  de- 
posits, they  can  usually  be  separated 
from  the  merchantable  ore  during  the 
process  of  mining  and  either  stock-piled 
or  thrown  on  the  dump  according  to  the 
percentage  of  iron  and  silica  that  the  ma- 
terial carries.  Toward  the  western  end 
of  the  range,  however,  there  occur  a 
number  of  extensive  deposits  of  ore 
which  contain  zones  of  low-grade  sandy 
hematite  so  scattered  through  the  mass 
as  to  render  separation  from  the  better 
class  of  ore  impracticable,  by  any  of  the 
present  methods  of  mining  in  use  in  the 
locality. 

This  sandy  or  "wash  ore,"  as  it  is 
called,  is  a  mechanical  mixture  of  hema- 
tite and  sand,  or  of  hematite  and  a  highly 
silicious  shale  or  paint  rock  which  runs 
low  in  iron  and  high  in  silica.  Some  of 
the  ore  carries  a  fairly  high  percentage 
of  iron,  but  the  silica  content  is  too  great 
to  class  it  as  a  desirable  shipping  ore. 
This  difficulty  is  often  overcome  by  mix- 
ing with  high-grade,  ore  low  in  silica 
thus  giving  the  desired  average  silica  con- 
tent to  the  mixture.  But,  it  is  not  al- 
ways convenient  to  make  the  proper  mix- 
ture and  occasionally  the  silica  is  too  high 
even  for  that,  especially  in  the  western 
end  of  the  range. 

Concentration  of  Sandy  Ore  Necessary 

The  sandy  ore  first  becomes  noticeable 
in  considerable  quantities  just  west  of 
Nashwawk,  and  is  found  at  intervals  from 
that  point  to  Coleraine,  the  western  limit 
of  operations.  Exploratory  work  has  been 
done  as  far  west  as  Grand  Rapids  and 
even  beyond,  and  while  it  is  reported  that 
some  of  the  drill  holes  show  favorable 
indications  of  an  extension  of  the  ore- 
bodies,  no  actual  development  work  has 
been  attempted  west  of  Coleraine.  At 
present  there  are  five  mines  near  Coleraine 
which  are  producing;  namely,  Canisteo, 
Walker,  Hill,  North  Star  and  Holman. 
These  are  all  being  operated  by  the 
Oliver  Iron  Mining  Company,  a  sub- 
sidiary of  the  United  States  Steel  Cor- 
poration, although  the  property  is  not 
owned  by  this  company,  but  is  being 
worked  on  a  royalty  basis.  More  or  less 
of  the  sandy  ore  occurs  in  all  of  these 
mines  except  the  Holman,  and  in  places 

•rippartiTiPnt  of  Kpology.  Uulverslly  of  Mln- 
nPHotn.    .Minneapolis,   Minn. 


this  impure  material  was  found  in  such 
large  quantities  as  to  cause  the  operators 
to  seek  some  method  whereby  the  iron 
contents  of  the  material  could  be  raised 
sufficiently  to  produce  a  shipping  ore 
without   mixing. 

In  1908  the  Oliver  company  made  a 
table  of  arbitrary  limits  for  separation  of 
the  ore  into  bessemer  and  non-bessemer 
grades  for  use  in  making  ore  reserve  esti- 
mates for  the  ensuing  five  years.  This 
scale  is  as  follows:  Bessemer.  61.55  per 
cent,  iron,  0.052  phosphorus,  4.65  silica, 


could  be   separated   from  the  sands  both 
quickly   and   cheaply.      Furthermore,   the   j 
nature  of  the  material  demanded  a  pro-    ; 
cess   that   could   be   applied   on   a   large 
scale. 

Experimentation  Based  on  Knowledge 
Gained  in  South 

Experiments  in  washing  the  ore  were 
begun  in  1907  and  continued  under  the 
direction  of  J.  C.  Greenway,  until  recent- 
ly general  superintendent  of  the  district 
for  the  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Company.  The 


Tilt  t'tiyi'tcerinj  ,}  Minitig'^au 

Map  of  West  End  of  Mesabi  Range  in  Vicinity  of  Coleraine 


l.,S9  manganese;  and  non-bessemer,  57.20 
per  cent.  iron,  0.099  phosphorus, 
7.15  silica,  1.04  manganese.  All  ore 
above  49  per  cent,  in  iron  is  considered 
to  be  of  commercial  grade. 

All  of  the  properties  mentioned  above 
are  worked  as  open  pits,  the  ore  being 
loaded  directly  into  railroad  cars  by  steam 
shovels.  To  separate  the  ore  from  the 
sand  in  the  pits  would  be  impossible  on 
account  of  the  state  of  intimate  mixture 
in  which  the  materials  occur.  Obviously, 
if  the  ore  was  to  be  mined  and  marketed 
at  a  profit,  some  method  of  concentra- 
tion had  to  be  devised  whereby  the  ore 


results  of  the  experiments  were  con- 
sidered so  satisfactory  as  to  warrant  the 
erection  of  the  washing  plant  which  was 
completed  recently.  William  Nicols  is 
superintendent.  In  experimenting  on  the 
Mesabi  ores  advantage  was  taken  of 
knowledge  gained  from  practice  in  log- 
washing  the  iron  ores  of  the  Birmingham 
district  in  Alabama.  The  work  carried 
on  in  the  South  is  similar  in  principle, 
but  tlie  Coleraine  plant  contains  radical 
departures  from  the  Alabama  practice,  the 
chief  of  which  is  the  use  of  concentrators 
to  save  the  fine  ore  sands.  In  the  Bir- 
mingham district,  tables  are  not  used,  the 


October  8,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


713 


Flow  Sheet  for  One  Unit  of  Oliver  Washery  at  Coleraine,  Minn. 


finest  product  saved  being  that  from  the 
log-washers. 

Completed  Plant  to   Handle  25,000 
Tons  per  Day 

The  Oliver  washery  is  located  on  the 
northeast  shore  of  Trout  lake  (see  ac- 
company map),  about  1^  miles  south 
of  the  towns  of  Coleraine  and  Bovey. 
The  distance  the  ore  must  be  hauled  from 
the  mines  varies  from  two  to  four  or  five 
miles.  Frequent  samples  are  taken  from 
the  pits  just  ahead  of  the  steam  shovels 
and  as  soon  as  the  analyses  show  a 
"wash  ore."  the  material  is  loaded  into 
separate  dump  cars  and  hauled  to  the 
washery. 

The  trains  of  wash  ore  are  run  out  on 
a  high  steel  trestle,  directly  over  the 
bins  which  are  situated  at  the  top  of  the 
plant.  The  structure  stands  on  fairly 
level  ground;  hence  in  order  to  handle  the 
ore  entirely  by  gravity  through  the  vari- 
ous steps  in  the  process,  a  building  of 
considerable  hight  was  required  and 
heavy  steel  construction  employed.  The 
accompanying  flow  sheet  will  make  clear 
the  various  steps  during  the  washing  pro- 
cess. Only  one  unit  is  represented.  The 
plant  is  divided  into  five  units,  each  with 
an  estimated  capacity  of  100  tons  of 
crude  ore  per  hour,  giving  a  total  of  10,- 
000  tons  per  day  of  20  hours.  Only  two 
units  are  in  operation  at  the  time  of  writ- 
ing (June,  1910),  but  the  machinery  for 
the  other  three  is  being  installed  and  will 
be  started  as  soon  as  completed.  Pro- 
vision is  also  made  for  seven  additional 
units,  the  steel  framework  for  which  is 
already  up.  This  would  give  the  plant  a 
capacity  of  about  25,000  tons  per  day. 

Specially  Constructed  Log-washers 
Used 

The  ore  falls  directly  from  self-dump- 
ing cars  into  five  steel  bins,  each  of  which 
has  a  capacity  of  500  tons  and  supplies 
one  unit  of  the  plant.  The  ore  is  drawn 
from  each  bin  by  sluicing  with  a  hose, 
and  passed  through  2-in.  revolving 
screens,  18  ft.  long,  9  ft.  in  diameter 
at  the  large  end  and  4  ft.  at  the  smaller 
end.  The  oversize  from  each  screen, 
which  consists  of  taconite  rock  and  hard 
ore,  is  run  over  a  short  3- ft.  belt  con- 
veyer, traveling  45  ft.  per  min.,  from 
which  the  rock  is  picked  by  three  men, 
and  dropped  down  a  chute  into  cars 
hauled  by  an  electric  locomotive  to  the 
dump,  a  distance  of  only  a  few  hundred 
feet.  The  remaining  hard  ore  on  the  belt 
goes  to  the  shipping  bin,  where  it  is  mixed 
with  the  fines.  The  sand  and  ore  pass- 
ing through  the  revolving  screen  go  to 
two  log-washers,  each  25  ft.  long,  and  of 
a  special  design  devised  by  Mr.  Green- 
way. 

-  The  log-washers  are  constructed  of 
steel  (some  made  of  cast  iron  are  being 
tried)  and  are  trough  shaped,  one  end 
being  slightly  elevated.  Within  the  trough, 
two  "logs"  revolve  at  a  speed  of  13  r.p.m. 


714 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8.  1910. 


These  logs  are  heavy  rods  carrying  four 
sets  of  blades  so  set  as  to  act  like  a 
screw,  carrying  the  heavier  particles  com- 
prising the  ore  to  the  upper  end  of  the 
trough,  where  it  is  discharged  and  con- 
veyed to  the  shipping  bin  below.  The 
finer  particles  of  ore,  together  with  nearly 
all  of  the  sand,  pass  with  the  overflow 
from  the  log-washers  through  wooden 
launders  to  two  chip  screens,  where  the 
chips,  splinters,  etc.,  which  get  mixed 
with  the  ore  in  'he  pit,  are  removed. 
From  here  the  mixture  goes  to  two  small 
settling  boxes  (No.  1),  where  the  heavier 
material  is  separated  and  conducted  to 
two  18-ft.  turbos,  making  about  13 
revolutions  per  minute. 

Fines  Treated  on  Overstrom  Concen- 
trating Tables 

These  turbos  are  essentially  of  the 
same  design  as  the  log-washers,  but  are 
smaller.  There  are  two  products  from 
the  turbos;  (1)  concentrates  which  go 
direct  to  the  bin,  and  (2)  overflow  which 
is  conveyed  to  two  dewatering  boxes. 
Here  the  fines  settle  and  go  to  feed  the 
first  six  tables.  The  overflow  from  the 
small  settling  boxes,  No.  I,  goes  to 
larger  dewatering  boxes.  No.  2,  where 
the  heavier  particles  settle  and  go  to 
feed  the  last  five  tables;  the  overflow 
runs  to  waste. 

There  are  20  standard  Overstrom  con- 
centrators to  each  unit.  Each  table  has 
a  capacity  of  400  lb.  per  hour.  Each  of 
the  No.  3  settling  boxes  from  the  turbos 
feeds  six  tables,  and  each  large  No.  2 
settling  box  feeds  five  tables.  Thus  it  is 
seen  that  two  of  the  tables  in  each  row 
overlap.  The  concentrates  from  the  tables 
are  pumped  to  a  dewatering  box  on  the 
floor  above,  from  which  they  go  to  the 
concentrate  shipping  bin  and  mix  with 
the  coarser  products.  The  overflow  from 
the  dewatering  boxes  is  conducted  back 
to  the  tables,  where  it  is  used  again  after 
mixing  with  more  clean  water. 

The  ore  as  it  comes  to  the  washer 
varies  greatly  in  size,  but  no  crushing 
is  attempted  for  the  reason  that  most  of 
the  larger  pieces  which  are  sandy  will 
readily  crumble,  while  those  that  do  not 
break  up  in  the  screens  are  either  hard 
ore  or  taconite  and  do  not  require  wash- 
ing. 

Co.MPANY    Generates    Own    Power 

The  power  to  operate  the  plant  is  gen- 
erated by  the  company  in  its  power  house 
on  the  shore  of  Trout  lake.  The  amount 
of  water  used  in  the  mill  is  1000  gal. 
per  min.  per  unit.  The  water  is  pumped 
from  Trout  lake,  the  power  house  being 
about  1  '/J  miles  from  the  washery.  The 
suction  pipe  is  40  in.  in  diameter,  the 
water  being  carried  in  a  30-in.  main  to 
the  plant,  where  it  is  stored  in  a  steel 
tank  of  100,000  gal.  capacity.  It  is  then 
distributed  under  a  pressure  of  115  lb. 
through  14-in.  feeders  to  each  unit.  The 
tailings  are  run  through  a  concrete  tail- 


race  into  the  lake.  At  present  there  are 
about  75  men  employed.  The  plant  is 
worked  in  two  shifts  of  10  hours  each. 

Since  operations  on  a  commercial  scale 
only  began  a  few  weeks  before  the  date 
of  my  visit,  it  was  impossible  to  secure 
accurate  information  regarding  the  sav- 
ing effected  and  the  ratio  of  concentration. 
The  extremely  variable  nature  of  the  ore, 
even  in  a  single  train  load,  also  makes  it 
difficult  to  get  accurate  figures  regarding 
these  points.  In  general,  it  may  be  stated 
that  the  ore  treated  will  run  from  35  to 
48  per  cent,  iron,  with  some  of  higher 
grade  but  containing  an  excess  of  silica. 
The  washed  product  will  probably  run 
around  56  to  60  per  cent.  iron.  There 
will  always  be  an  unavoidable  loss,  for 
the  waste  water  is  certain  to  carry  a 
considerable  amount  of  iron  and  this 
water  may  run  as  high  as  1.8  per  cent, 
iron.  Much  of  this,  however,  may  be 
from  the  pulverized  paint  rock  which  it 
carries  away,  and  this  could  not  be  saved. 
The  water  in  the  tailrace  runs  high  in 
silica. 

The  operators  on  the  Mesabi  range  will 
await  further  results  from  the  plant  with 
great  interest.  With  the  rapid  mining 
of  the  higher  grade  ore,  the  time  may 
not  be  far  distant  when  methods  for 
utilizing  the  large  quantities  of  low-grade 
material  will  be  sought  and  already  many 
of  the  mines  are  stock  piling  for  fur- 
ther use  the  rock  that  assays  below 
shipping  grade. 


Increased  Use  of  Cement 


More  cement  was  made  and  used  in  the 
United  States  in  1909  than  in  any  pre- 
ceding year  and  the  price  per  barrel  was 
lower  than  ever  before.  The  production 
in  1908  was  52,910,925  barrels,  valued  at 
S44,477,653;  the  production  in  1909  was 
64,196,386  barrels,  valued  at  $51,232,979. 

Increase  Chiefly  in  Portland  Cement 

The  increase  was  mainly  in  the  output 
of  Portland  cement — 62,508,461  barrels, 
valued  at  S50,510,385,  as  against  51,072,- 
612  barrels  in  1908,  valued  at .643,547,679. 
The  output  of  natural  and  puzzolan  ce- 
ment formed  only  a  small  percentage  of 
the  total  cement  production. 

The  average  price  of  portland  cement 
per  barrel  in  1909  was  less  than  81c.; 
the  average  price  per  barrel  in  1908  was 
85c.  Portland  cement  cost  S3-  per  bar- 
rel in  1880,  but  by  reason  of  improve- 
ments in  methods  of  manufacture  it  can 
now  be  profitably  sold  for  80c.  per  bar- 
rel. 

Number  of  Plants 

In  1909  there  were  103  portland  cement 
plants  in  operation,  an  increase  of  five 
over  the  number  workir-^  in  1908.  Of 
these  plants  21  were  in  Pennsylvania,  12 
in  Michigan,  10  in  Kansas,  eight  in  Ohio, 


seven  in   New  York,  six   in   Indiana,  five 
in  Illinois  and  five  in  California. 

S.mall  Foreign  Trade 

"Most  of  the  cement  was  used  in  the 
United  States.  This  country  has  only  a 
small  export  trade  in  cement,  consuming  ;| 
from  1  to  3  per  cent,  of  the  production. 
The  immense  natural  resources  of  ce- 
ment-making materials  and  its  many  well 
equipped  cement  plants,  however,  should  i 
make  it  a  strong  competitor  for  the  out- 
side world's  cement  trade. 

A  report  on  the  cement  industry  in 
the  United  States  in  1909,  by  E.  F.  Burch- 
ard,  has  recently  been  published  by  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Sur  ey,  showing  the 
production  of  all  kinds  of  cement,  the  im- 
ports and  exports,  and  the  recent  develop- 
ment in  the  industry.  The  report  includes 
notes  on  white  portland  cement,  on  ce- 
ment as  a  road  material,  on  cement  in  art 
and  architecture,  and  on  paints  for  ce- 
ment, and  also  sections  on  cement  ma- 
terials in  the  Philippine  islands  and  on 
cement  making  in  Canada,  as  well  as  a 
bibliography  of  cement  and  concrete  ma- 
terials. 


The  Mechanigraph 

The  mechanigraph  is  the  name  given 
by  Topping  Brothers,  122  Chambers 
street.  New  York,  to  a  machine,  the  use 
of  which  should  effect  a  large  saving 
in  the  expense  of  drafting  in  engineering 
offices.  The  apparatus  is  designed  to  treat 
ordinary  white  paper  of  any  quality  so 
as  to  make  it  transparent  enough  to  blue- 
print through  quickly.  The  necessity  for 
the  use  of  tracing  cloth  or  paper  is 
claimed  to  be  thus  eliminated  as  penciled 
drawings  can  be  treated  and  prints  made 
directly  from  them. 

The  whole  machine  set  up  ready  for 
work  occupies  a  floor  space  less  than 
four  feet  square.  It  consists  of  a  series 
of  electrically  warmed  rolls,  a  bath 
(warmed  from  the  wire  that  heats  the 
rolls),  a  series  of  traveling  tapes  and  a 
pair  of  drier  rolls.  The  drawing  to  be 
treated  is  passed  between  the  first  pair 
of  rolls  which  carry  it  through  the  bath 
containing  the  "transparantor"  liquid, 
whence  it  runs  along  the  series  of  mov- 
ing tapes  through  the  drier  rolls.  The 
machine  is  operated  by  turning  a  crank  . 
and  the  entire  treatment  of  a  drawing  is 
said  to  require  only  the  time  that  would 
be  taken  in  passing  it  through  a  clothes 
wringer. 

The  transparantor  liquid  is  stated  as 
costing  only  one-quarter  of  a  cent  per 
square  yard  of  paper  treated,  and  the 
entire  cost  of  treatment  as  about  one- 
third  of  a  cent  per  square  yard.  The 
chief  advantage  in  the  use  of  the  me- 
chanigraph would  be  in  the  reduction  of 
drafting  through  the  elimination,  in  many 
instances,  of  the  necessity  of  making 
tracings. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


715 


Mines  and  Mill  of  Montezuma  Mines,  Costa  Rica 

Fifteen    Veins    Prospected.       Forty-stamp    Mill     and     Cyanide     Plant 
Only    Operated  in  Rainy    Season.      All    Power    from    Water    Wheels 


B      Y 


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The  Montezuma  mines  of  Costa  Rica 
are  situated  about  15  miles  northeast 
of  Puntarenas,  a  seaport  on  the  western 
coast  of  Costa  Rica.  Considerable  at- 
tention has  been  attracted  to  this  proper- 
ty in  the  past  by  the  unsavory  manipula- 
tions in  the  stock  market  which  eventu- 
ally caused  it  to  be  placed  in  the  hands  of 
a  receiver.  The  property  has  passed 
through  many  stages  of  the  wildest  spec- 
ulation. Reports  were  sent  out  stating 
the  quantity  of  ore  that  could  be  consid- 
ered in  sight  would  reach  2,000,000  tons 
with  possibilities  of  uncovering  other 
bodies  fully  as  large. 

Many  legends  are  related  by  the  natives 
about  the  property  being  worked  in  the 
early  days  by  the  Spaniards;  tales  are 
told  of  how  Montezuma,  the  one-time 
king  of  Mexico,  extracted  much  gold 
from  numerous  veins  along  the  western 
coast  of  Costa  Rica,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  mines  there   is   a   heap  of  stones 


place,  but  it  is  with  the  greatest  diffi- 
culty that  a  fault  line  can  be  traced  on 
the  surtace,  owing  to  the  deep  soil  cover- 
ing the  rock  and  the  dense  growth  of 
trees,  shrubbery  and  vegetation.  The 
hills  are  quite  precipitous  and  the  coun- 
try as  a  whole  is  rugged,  but  the  rapidly 
growing  trees  and  plants  permit  an  ac- 
cumulation of  soil  in  the  most  precipitous 
places. 

The  country  in  the  vicinity  of  the  mines 
has  been  broken  up  by  a  series  of  north- 
east-southwest fractures,  connected  by 
cross-diagonal  fractures.  These  openings 
have  been  filled  with  quartz  through 
which,  where  still  unoxidized,  are  scat- 
tered bunches  of  iron  pyrite,  chalcopyrite, 
galena,  sphalerite  and  stibnite,  carrying 
varying  amounts  of  gold  and  silver.  For 
a  depth  of  about  300  ft.  these  sulphides 
have  been  largely  leached  out,  and  the 
ore  in  this  oxidized  portion  is  always 
found  to  be  of  considerably  higher  grade 


Veins  Developed  by  Adits  and  Over- 
hand Stoping 
As  nearly  all  of  the  veins  are  approx- 
imately parallel  and  follow  the  ridges 
of  the  mountains,  it  is  found  best  to  ap- 
proach them  with  crosscut  tunnels.  By 
this  means  an  extreme  depth  of  500  ft. 
is  obtained  on  some  of  the  veins  by  the 
present  adits,  and  a  possible  200  ft.  ad- 
ditional can  be  obtained  by  driving  longer 
tunnels.  With  the  present  tunnels  about 
20,000  ft.  of  work  has  been  done.  The 
veins  being  parallel  and  from  20  to  200 
ft.  apart,  one  tunnel  answers  for  opening 
up  several  veins.  Drifts  are  extended 
both  to  the  right  and  left  when  a  vein  is 
reached,  and  raises  put  up  about  100  ft. 
apart.  Chutes  are  put  in  about  20  ft. 
apart,  and  where  the  vein  does  not  exceed 
5  ft.  in  width,  it  is  worked  out  by  over- 
hand stoping,  using  stuUs  to  hold  the 
walls.  Headboards  are  used  with  the 
stulls   to   assist   in  preventing  pieces  of 


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nwL  i^n^i-A^to  >                      ^^^^^^^^1 

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General  View  of  Stamp  Mill,  Cyanide  and  Po^x'ER  Plants  at  Montezuma,  Costa  Rica 


which  is  pointed  out  as  the  last  resting 
place  of  the  Indian  king.  In  some  places 
graves  have  been  dug  up,  and  Indian 
relics  of  gold  found,  which  may  lend 
some  semblance  of  truth  to  these  tales, 
but  it  is  very  likely  that  the  majority 
are  only  mythical  in  their  origin.  At  least, 
the  story  of  Montezuma  cannot  be  true, 
and  the  work  that  has  been  done  in  re- 
cent years  by  various  mining  companies 
would  indicate  that  there  are  few  veins 
of  great  richness  to  be  found  in  the 
I  region. 

Quartz    Veins    in    Igneous    Rocks 

1  The  entire  surrounding  country  is  ig- 
neous in  origin,  and  the  rock  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the  mine  is  probably 

lin  andesite.    In  places  faulting  has  taken 

'•'•nt'rni     m.-mnffd-.     ATontozumn     Mlnon    of 
'    '^'a   IJlca.   Montcznnin,  Costa   Itica. 


than  in  the  sulphide  zone.  The  ratio  of 
gold  to  silver  by  weight  in  these  upper 
levels  !S  about  as  1:  2'/2.  Indications 
point  to  an  increase  in  the  silver  content 
as  the  lower  levels  are  approached. 

Numerous  Veins  Occur  on  Property 

At  the  present  time  there  are  fifteen 
veins  which  have  been  or  are  being 
prospected,  namely,  Montezuma,  San 
Rafael,  Thayer,  San  Rafaelito,  San  An- 
tonio, X,  Proximo,No.l,No.2,Pochote,  San 
Maximo,  San  Juan,  Leal,  Quedrada  and 
Cabuya;  many  others  are  yet  untouched. 
These  veins  vary  in  width  from  1  in.  to 
20  ft.  As  prospecting  on  the  surface 
is  attended  with  considerable  difficulty, 
owing  the  the  heavy  soil  and  dense  under- 
growth, this  work  is  limited  mostly  to 
drifting  on  the  veins  where  they  are  en- 
countered when  driving  crosscut  tunnels. 


wail  from  falling.  Planks  are  laid  to 
provide  a  place  for  the  miners  to  stand 
while  drilling.  The  ore  is  rather  soft  and 
the  drilling  is  easy.  The  walls  are  also 
soft  and  crumble  off  easily,  as  care  must 
be  taken  to  use  light  charges  of  powder 
in  order  to  prevent  too  great  a  mixture 
of  wall  rock  with  the  ore.  During  the 
rainy  season,  which  extends  from  June 
to  December,  much  water  finds  access  to 
the  working  places  and  makes  drilling  an 
unpleasant  occupation. 

The  ore  is  drawn  from  the  chutes  into 
mine  cars,  holding  about  three-fourths  of 
a  ton,  and  trammed  by  men  to  the  general 
chutes.  From  these  chutes  the  men  tram 
the  ore  to  the  scales  in  cars  holding  about 
one  ton,  where  it  is  weighed  and  then 
delivered  to  the  mill.  On  the  tracks 
throughout  the  drifts,  12-lb.  rails  are  used 
and  IS-lb.  rails  on  the  general  tracks.    An 


716 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  8.  1910. 


electric  locomotive  was  purchased  with 
the  intention  of  using  electric  haulage 
from  the  mine  to  the  mill,  but  it  is  not 
being  used  at  this  time. 

The  tunnels  are  about  5x6' j  ft.  and 
need  to  be  well  timbered  in  many  places. 
Tunnel  sets  consisting  of  two  vertical 
posts  with  a  cap  are  used.  No  standard 
size  of  timber  is  employed  as  the  posts 
are  cut  from  round  timbers  hauled  in  by 
timber  contractors,  but  generally  vary 
from  6  to  12  in.  in  diameter.  Owing 
to  the  alternating  dry  and  wet  season 
and  to  wood-destroying  insects,  the  tim- 
bers deteriorate  rapidly  and  require  fre- 
quent replacing.  For  lagging  split  tim- 
bers and  2-in.  sawed  planks  are  used. 

Ore  Crushed  in  40-stamp  Mill 

The  ore  from  the  mine  is  dumped  into 
the  mill  bin  having  a  capacity  of  8300  cu. 
ft.,  falling  first  on  a  flat  grizzly  floor, 
which  has  a  superficial  area  of  960  sq.ft. 
The  spaces  between  the  grizzly  bars  are 
about  2  in.  The  ore  is  usually  quite 
wet  and  does  not  readily  fall  through, 
so  must  be  raked  over  the  floor  to  re- 
move the  fines  from  the  coarse  lumps. 
The  large  pieces  are  fed  to  two  9xl5-in. 
Blake  crushers  and  the  crushed  product 
falls  into  the  bin  with  the  fines  which 
drop  through  the  grizzly.  From  the  bin 
the  ore  is  fed  by  eight  Challenge  feeders 
to  eight  batteries  of  five  stamps  each. 
At  this  point,  lime  to  the  amount  of  about 
10  lb.  per  ton  of  ore  is  added.  The  stamps 
weigh  1050  lb.,  and  are  dropped  6  in.. 
96  to  100  times  per  minute.  Crushing  is 
done  through  20-mesh  screens  in  cyanide 
solution  of  approximately  0.10  per  cent, 
strength.  The  solution  is  supplied  by  a 
reservoir  30  ft.  in  diameter  by  13  ft.  deep, 
leaving  a  capacity  of  9190  cubic  feet. 

Sands   and    Sllmes   Separated 

From  the  batteries  the  pulp  flows  to  two 
60-in.  cone  thickeners,  from  which  the 
thickened  product  goes  to  two  4'^x22-ft. 
Abbe  tube  mills,  provided  with  siiex  lin- 
ing and  using  Danish  pebbles  as  grinders. 
The  overflow  from  the  classifiers  joins  the 
tube-mill  discharge  and  flows  to  two  50- 
in.  cone  thickeners,  from  which  the  thick- 
ened pulp  is  returned  to  the  tube  mills 
by  a  6-in.  centrifugal  pump.  The  over- 
flow from  these  50-in.  classifiers  goes  to 
a  large  settling  cone.  A  Dorr  classifier 
is  also  in  use  in  handling  the  discharge 
from  the  tube  mills,  and  the  feed  to  the 
cone  and  Dorr  classifiers  so  arranged 
that  they  can  be  used  separately  or  to- 
gether. The  overflow  from  the  Dorr 
classifier  is  also  delivered  to  the  large 
settling  cone.  The  sands  from  the  Dorr 
settler  go  to  four  leaching  tanks  28  ft.  8 
in.  in  diameter  by  5  ft.  deep,  where  a  five- 
day  treatment  is  given.  The  strong  gold 
solution  from  the  sand  tanks  flow  to  a 
tank  29  ft.  in  diameter  by  8  ft.  deep,  hav- 
ing a  capacity  of  .5500  cu.ft.  A  weak- 
solution  wash  is  given,  after  which  the 
sands  are  sluiced  to  waste. 


The  steel  cone  settler  receiving  the 
overflow  from  the  classifiers  is  21.5  h. 
deep  and  25  ft.  in  diameter,  in  the  coni- 
cal portion  and  is  raised  an  additional 
4  ft.  on  the  side;  its  capacity  is  5500  cu. 
ft.  The  settled  pulp  flows  to  two  Brown 
agitating  tanks,  15.5x45  ft.,  having  a  ca- 
pacity of  about  6500  cu.ft.  each.  An  air 
lift  is  used  to  assist  in  delivering  the  pulp 
to  the  agitators.  The  overflow  from  the 
settler,  which  is  quite  clear,  flows  to  an 
overflow  tank  29x8  ft.  and  then  goes  to 
the  strong-solution  gold  tank.  The  pulp 
is  agitated  for  from  six  to  10  hours,  after 
which  it  is  pumped  to  a  cone  tank  used 
as  a  reservoir  and  having  the  same  di- 
mensions as  the  cone  settler.  The  agi- 
tators are  provided  with  decanting  pipes, 
which  terminate  20  ft.  from  the  top  and 
are  used  at  such  times  as  the  filter  is  out 
of  commission. 

A  60-LEAF  Butters  Filter  Used 

The  pulp  in  the  reservoir  is  kept  in 
continuous  agitation  by  an  air  pipe  near 
the  apex  of  the  cone,  and  is  drawn  off 
when  needed  by  a  Butters 8-in.  centrifugal 
pump  to  a  Butters  60-leaf  vacuum  filter. 
The  vacuum  is  maintained  by  a  14xl4-in. 
Gould  duplex  vacuum  pump.  After  a 
cake  is  formed  the  excees  pulp  is  dis- 
charged into  two  tanks,  each  15x6  ft.  and 
having  a  combined  capacity  of  2120  cu.ft., 
from  which  it  is  pumped  by  a  6-in.  centri- 
fugal pump,  either  to  the  pulp  reservoir 
or  to  a  distributing  pipe  placed  along  the 
side  of  the  filter  box.  Sixteen-inch  spray 
pipes  extend  from  this  distributer  to  the 
center  line  of  the  filter.  The  weak-solu- 
tion wash  is  pumped  from  a  storage  tank, 
35x7 '<  ft.,  having  a  capacity  of  7200 
cu.ft.,  by  the  8-in.  Butters  centrifugal 
pump  and  the  excess  solution  after  the 
wash  is  completed,  is  returned  partly  by 
gravity  and  partly  by  the  8-in.  pump. 
After  the  weak-solution  wash  is  completed 
the  filter  is  filled  with  water  and  the 
cake  discharged  by  introducing  water 
under  pressure  inside  the  filter  leaf. 

The  strong  solution  from  the  filter  goes 
to  the  strong-solution  gold  tank,  39x7^ 
ft.,  having  a  capacity  of  9000  cu.ft.  from 
which  it  flows  through  six  rows  of  zinc 
boxes,  six  in  a  row,  each  compartment 
being  2x2x2  ft.  From  the  zinc  boxes  the 
barren  solution  flows  to  the  strong-solu- 
tion sump  35x7  ft.  6  in.,  having  a  capacity 
of  7450  cu.ft.  From  this  sump  it  is 
pumped  by  a  Gould  8x8-in.  triplex  pump 
to  the  battery-solution  reservoir.  The 
weak-solution  wash  goes  to  a  weak-solu- 
tion gold  tank  v30x5  ft.,  having  a  capacity 
of  3530  cu.ft.,  and  then  to  three  rows 
of  zinc  boxes,  five  in  a  row,  each  com- 
partment being  2x2x2  ft.  The  precipitat- 
ed solution  goes  to  a  small  sump  9x6 
ft.,  having  380  cu.ft.  capacity  and  is 
pumped  by  a  3-in.  centrifugal  pump  to 
the  weak-solution  reservoir.  A  cleanup 
is  made  monthly  when  the  zinc  precipi- 
tate is  rubbed  through  a  60-mcsh  screen 
and  the  product  passing  through  is  pump- 


ed into  a  Perrin  filter  press.     The  short 
zinc  is  returned  to  the  zinc  boxes  and  the 
pressed  precipitate  is  shipped  to  smelters  ■ 
in  New  York.  i 

Machinery     All     Driven     by    Water 
Wheels 

The  stamps  and  crushers  are  driven  by 
a  15-ft.  Pelton  water  wheel;  the  tube 
mills  by  a  5-ft.  Pelton;  the  sand-return 
pump  and  Dorr  classifier  by  an  18-in.  wa- 
ter wheel;  the  Butters  8-in.  centrifugal 
pump  by  a  duplex  4-ft.  Pelton  water 
wheel,  under  a  head  of  76  ft.;  the  Gould 
14xl4-in.  vacuum  pump  by  a  4-ft.  Hug 
water  wheel,  so  arranged  that  the  Butters 
8-in.  pump  can  be  driven  by  it  also;  the 
Gould  8x8-in.  triplex  pump,  a  lOO-h.p. 
dynamo,  14xl0-in.  Rand  duplex  compres- 
sor, and  3-in.  centrifugal  pump  by  a  7- 
ft.  Pelton  wheel;  the  6-in.  pulp-retum 
centrifugal  pump  by  an  18-in.  Pelton 
wheel.  A  10xl4-in.  Clayton  air  compres- 
sor is  set  up  ready  for  service  at  any 
time  that  the  Rand  compressor  requires 
repairs.  The  Clayton  is  driven  by  the 
7- ft.  water  wheel.  The  first  three  wheels 
are  driven  under  a  head  of  470  ft.,  and 
with  the  exception  of  the  wheel  driving 
the  Butters  pump  all  others  are  operated 
under  a  head  of  550  feet. 

During  the  rainy  season  there  is  suffi- 
cient power  for  all  purposes,  but  from 
February  to  May  or  June,  the  present  fa- 
cilities are  not  such  as  will  permit  oper- 
ating the  mill.  The  water  is  conducted 
through  a  ditch  3  ft.  wide  ana  3  ft.  deep, 
to  a  penstock  30x12  ft.,  from  which 
it  is  drawn  through  a  16-in.  pipe  to  the 
mill,  a  distance  of  2200  ft.,  under  a  head 
varying  from  470  to  550  feet. 

Operating  Cost  about  S4  per  Ton 

At  the  present  time  the  ore  in  sight 
amounts  to  about  30,000  tons,  averaging 
S7.40  per  ton.  The  extraction  obtained 
is  about  90  per  cent.  The  costs  so  fat 
derived  cover  only  a  short  run  and  so  can 
be  stated  as  only  approximate.  Condi- 
tions vary  so  greatly  during  the  different 
seasons  that  an  accurate  estimate  could 
be  made  only  after  two  or  three  years' 
continuous  run.  Exclusive  of  develop- 
ment the  cost  of  mining  is  about  S2.50 
per  ton,  while  milling  costs  are  about 
SI. 50  per  ton,  making  a  total  operating 
cost  of  approximately  S4  per  ton.  De- 
velopment costs  are  impossible  to  esti-  ■ 
mate  as  no  accurate  record  has  ever 
been  kept  during  the  last  10  years  of  in- 
termittent operation. 


Tungsten  occurs  in  several  Australian 
States,  the  chief  supply  being  obtaine.1 
from  Queensland  and  Western  Australia, 
according  to  U.  S.  Consul  John  F.  Jewell, 
of  Melbourne.  The  exports  of 
wolfram  from  Australia  in  1908,  the  lat- 
est statistics  available,  amounted  to  14,- 
080  cwt..  most  of  which  went  to  the 
United  Kingdom  ond  Germany,  the  latter 
taking  about  one-third  of  the  production. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


717 


Electrolytic  Copper  Refining  in  Australia — I 

Tanks    at    Lithgow    Efficiently    Insulated,    and    Arranged    in    Cascade 
in     Series    of    Eight.      Fresh    Electrolyte    Supplied     to    Each    Series 


B  Y 


H 


BLAKEMORE* 


The  literature  on  the  subject  of  the 
electrolytic  refining  of  copper  is  very 
meager,  although  the  method  is  in  general 
use  in  Europe  and  America.  In  Australia 
there  are  three  plants  in  operation,  a 
small  one  at  Wallaroo,  in  South  Australia, 
and  one  each  at  Lithgow  and  Port  Keni- 
ble,  in  New  South  Wales.  The  latter 
plant  is  the  largest  and  most  modern, 
embodying  all  the  latest  appliances  and 
improvements  in  electrolytic  practice. 
Having  been  associated  for  some  years 
with  the  plant  and  methods  in  use  at 
Lithgow,  the  experience  obtained  may  be 
of  interest  to  the  profession. 

Power  Plant  Efficient  but  Inadequate 

The  power  plant  at  Lithgow  consistc  of 
six  tandem  engines  in  100-h.p.  units,  belt- 
driving  six  shunt-wound,  four-pole  dyna- 
mos with  commutators  at  one  end.  Each 
dynamo  generates  1200  amp.  at  60  volts 
pressure,  350  r.p.m.;  and  one  dynamo  of 
25  volts  and  600  amp.  at  450  r.p.m.  The 
latter  is  two-pole  with  commutators  at 
both  ends.  Each  circuit  has  an  output  of 
300  amp.  at  25  volts.  The  commercial  effi- 
ciency of  all  the  dynamos  was  guaranteed 
by  the  makers  at  90  per  cent.  Steam  is 
supplied  at  120  lb.  per  sq.in.  by  multi- 
tubular boilers. 

Although  the  plant  is  not  at  all  modern, 
yet  with  water  costing  4d.  per  1000  gal., 
delivered  at  the  works,  and  coal  for  2s. 
lOd.  to  3s.  per  ton  in  the  boiler  coal  bins, 
not  much  saving  can  be  effected  in  the 
coal  and  water  bill,  even  with  high-grade 
condensing  engines.  However,  an  instal- 
lation capable  of  securing  a  greater  am- 
perage per  square  foot  of  cathode  surface 
is  desired.  This  would  secure  a  greater 
output  of  copper  per  tank,  thereby  mate- 
rially reducing  the  stock  of  copper  in 
course  of  treatment  as  well  as  the  interest 
charges. 

Ample   Cross   Section   of   Conductors 
Insures  Low  Resistance 

Current  from  the  six  large  dynamos 
deposits  copper  from  copper  anodes  and 
the  current  from  the  small  one  takes  the 
excess  copper  from  the  electrolyte  using 
insoluble  lead  anodes.  The  copper  bus 
bars  with  a  section  of  about  4  sq.in. 
are  cast  on  the  premises.  Although  too 
large,  the  increased  section  insures  low 
'resistance  in  the  connections.  The  cathode 
conductors  are  also  made  at  the  works, 


NoTF — Ahsti-acf  of  n  pnpor  In  I  ho  Foliniarv 
'nullrtin  of  the  Austrnllan  Institute  of  Mlri- 
inp   Knu'lneors. 

•MInlne  pnclncpr  nnd  metallurprlst,  10 
CastleroaEli   street,   Sydney,   N.   S.   W. 


and  consist  of  a  copper  head  cast  on  a 
"x-in.  copper  pipe  which  is  long  enough 
to  give  supporting  contact  for  the  cathode. 
This  pipe  is  strengthened  throughout  by  r. 
?s-in.  iron  bar,  long  enough  to  project  out 
of  the  copper  pipe  a  few  inches  so  as  to 
rest  on  a  glass  insulator  on  the  wall  of 
the  tank.  These  details  are  shown  in  the 
accompanying    illustration. 

Tanks  Arranged  in  Single  Rows  of 
Three  Tiers  of  Eight  Tanks  Each 

The  depositing  tanks  shown  in  the  illus- 
tration are  of  Oregon  pine,  4  ft.  2V4  in. 
by  2  ft.  6; 4  in.  by  2  ft.  9'.  in.  deep,  in- 
side dimensions.  In  construction,  the  2;:j- 
in.  planks  were  dipped  for  about  10  min. 
in  boiling  paraffin  wax  at  a  temperature 
of  140  deg.  F.  The  tanks  are  lined  with 
6-!b.  sheet  lead  w-hich  extends  over  the 
top  edge  of  the  tank  to  preserve  the  wood 
from  the  attack  of  the  strongly  acid  elec- 
trolyte. 

The  tanks  are  arranged  in  single  rows 
of  three  tiers,  each  tier  containing  eight 
tanks  with  a  difference  of  elevation  of 
three  inches  between  adjoining  tanks.  The 
electrolyte  escapes  from  one  to  another 
in  cascade  through  a  compound  pipe,  the 
first  part  of  which  is  lead,  burned  to  the 
lining  of  the  delivery  tank  and  projecting 
far  enough  beyond  to  allow  of  joining  on 
a  piece  of  good  rubber  hose,  which  at  the 
other  end  takes  a  glass  tube  of  about  one 
inch  internal  diameter.  This  precludes 
ti'i  a  certain  extent  the  leakage  of  current 
from  tank  to  tank. 

Method  of  Installing  Tanks  Insures 
Good  Insulation 

Efficient  insulation  is  one  of  the  most 
important  requisites  of  electrolytic  refin- 
ing. To  this  end,  each  tank,  as  shown, 
is  carried  upon  two  hardwood  joists  treat- 
ed with  paraffin,  which  rest  upon  si\ 
square  glass  drip  insulators  of  the  type 
used  in  the  storage  batteries.  These  insu- 
lators are  supported  by  six  square  blocks 
of  Oregon  pine,  which  were  also  treated 
with  boiling  paraffin  wax  before  having 
been  placed  upon  placed  upon  six  brick 
tiers  built  up  to  the  hight  required.  As 
this  construction  permits  ready  access  to 
all  parts  of  the  tank,  any  leakage  of 
electrolyte  is  soon  detected  and  repairs 
quickly  made.  The  conductors  are  in- 
sulated from  the  tank  by  resting  in  glazed 
porcelain  holders,  held  in  brackets  on  the 
outside  walls  of  the  tank. 

Cleanliness  is  of  next  importance  and 
a  little  emery  cloth  in  the  hands  of  in- 


terested employees  will  keep  all  connec- 
tions clean  and  bright. 

Circulation  of  the  Electrolyte  by 
Gravity 

The  electrolyte  flows  from  one  tank 
to  another  in  each  row  until  at  the  eighth 
tank  it  overflows  into  the  sump  launder, 
which  returns  it  to  the  collecting  tanks 
from  whence  it  is  elevated  by  compressed 
air  to  sand  filters.  These  in  turn  deliver 
the  electrolyte  to  feed  tanks  which  sup- 
ply fresh  solution  at  about  1 !  j  gal.  per 
niin.  for  circulation.  By  this  system  each 
tier  of  eight  tanks  has  its  own  supply  of 
solution  and  this  assists  in  maintaining  a 
uniform  temperature  in  the  electrolyte. 

The  sand  filter  removes  the  small 
quantity  of  slime  carrying  silver  and 
gold  in  suspension.  The  assay  of  the 
electrolyte  before  filtering  in  grains  per 
gallon  for  gold  averages  about  0.024,  and 
for  silver  0.159,  and  after  filtering  for 
gold,  a  trace,  and  for  silver  about  0.007 
oz.  per  ton. 

Temperature  of  Electrolyte   Affects 
THE  Speed  of  Deposition 

Of  equal  importance  is  the  temperature 
of  the  electrolyte.  The  lower  the  tem- 
perature the  greater  the  resistance  to  the 
passage  of  the  electrical  current.  The 
temperature  at  Lithgow,  varying  from 
120  to  130  deg.  F.,  is  obtained  and  easily 
regulated  by  passing  waste  steam  through 
hard-lead  coils  which  are  placed  in  th'j 
supply  tanks.  Besides  materially  reducing 
the  resistance  offered  to  the  passage  of 
the  electrical  current,  the  increased  tem- 
perature causes  a  more  even  deposition  of 
copper  on  the  cathode,  especially  where 
the  free  acid  content  of  the  electrolyte  is 
above  8  per  cent. 

If  the  temperature  of  the  electrolyte 
was  80  deg.  F.  and  contained  only  8  per 
cent,  of  free  acid,  the  face  of  the  cathode 
would  in  a  few  hours  be  covered  with 
a  growth  of  copper  in  hair-like  form, 
projecting  in  all  directions  in  the  electro- 
lyte. The  result  would  be  a  large  number 
of  short-circuits  between  the  anodes  and 
cathodes.  This  could  only  be  avoided  by 
reducing  the  acid  content,  but  then  the 
resistance  of  the  electrolyte  would  be  still 
further  increased. 

Gore's  Deductions  from  Hot  and  Cold 
Solutions  Misleading 

Theoretically,  hot  liquors  redissolve 
some  copper.  With  a  strongly  acid  elec- 
trolyte a  high  temperature  is  an  absolute 
necessity,  and  whatever  the  loss  of  cop- 


718 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  8.  1910. 


per  by  re-solution  may  be,  it  is  more  than 
paid  for  by  the  great  reduction  in  resis- 
tance to  the  current  and  consequent 
larger  output  of  copper.  I  do  not  think 
that  the  form  of  the  experiments  quoted 
by  Gore  and  made  with  hot  and  cold  solu- 
tions, is  one  that  will  give  correct  infor- 
mation. Gore  finds  what  the  loss  of 
metal  is  in  a  cold  acidified  solution,  then 
in  a  hot  acidified  solution,  and  the  results 
quoted  are  apt  to  mislead  people.  The 
factor  of  an  electric  current  passing  in  a 
hot  solution  makes  all  the  difference. 

At  Lithgow,  by  raising  the  acid  content 
of  the  electrolyte  and  the  temperature 
and  seeing  to  the  insulation,  the  plant  now 


(therefore,  not  allowing  for  electrical  loss, 
is  157  tons,  and  the  possible  output  is  150 
tons,  it  is  quite  clear  that  Gore's  tests, 
showing  75  per  cent,  depositing  increase 
for  cold  solutions  over  hot  solutions,  are 
wrong.  It  may  be  a  misprint,  but  in  the 
absence  of  extensive  literature  on  electro- 
I>tic  refining,  one  hesitates  to  try  cold 
solutions  in  the  face  of  such  apparently 
positive  proofs  as  to  the  low  efficiency  ob- 
tained with  them. 

Since  hot  solutions  have  been  used  the 
resistance  per  tank  has  fallen  to  less  than 
0.40  volt,  so  that  although  the  present 
tanks  number  672,  it  would  be  possible 
to   use   864  tanks,   and   in   that   case   the 


cculd  be  secured;  but  difficulties,  such  as 
ventilation  of  rooms  and  construction  of 
tanks,  would  have  to  be  overcome.  In  a 
new  construction,  these  could  be  provided, 
but  in  old  buildings  it  would  scarcely  pay. 
Temperatures  higher  than  150  to  160  deg. 
F.  might  set  up  strong  convection  cur- 
rents which  would  prevent  the  proper  set- 
tling of  slime  with  consequent  losses  of 
gold  and  silver  in  the  cathodes. 

A  further  important  effect  of  the  hot 
electrolyte  is  that  the  slime  carrying  the 
gold  and  silver  with  the  insoluble  impuri- 
ties contains  much  less  copper.  This 
effect  is  also  assisted  by  a  high  percent- 
age of  free  sulphuric  acid  in  the  electro- 


H   Dia.  Copper  Pi[ 
Tanks  lined  with  6  Lb.  Lead  well  dressed  up  to  Pipe  to  Liquor 

Outside  Boxing  over  Top  and  down  Outside  1"    i,"Dia    Copper  Wire 

~~  jllDin.  Glass  Tube    _  /'  Hungers  -Lead 


IiUemal  Ljnlng  1^  T.  jb  G. 
ltedi*o<id  -  EiM  Boacds  Toagucd 
IntoSiileB.  Lo|,er  Boards  of  Ent  s 

■od  Sides  W(^d  piooed  to  -^      ^ 

Bottom  to  formTraj 


Liquor! 
Level 


Catho  le  Sheets 


?B  Cavity 


Cm  Dia. 
Copper  Wire 


•^jT'i^'it'i  'I'^'-^'^^^^-^^^ViS^^ 


T 


.'-r-rj.'      Wood  Blotl,!_Lcr~T 


Position  of  Cathode  Sheets 


Longitudinal  Section  of  Tanks 
Glass  Insulators.  Oathode 

ir 


r'Dia.  Lead, Liquor 
Supply  Pipe 


1  Dla.  GiDss  OverfloiT  Pipes 
T'Long  Rubber  Sleeve  Centers 
of  Pipes  l^i'  iJelow  Top  of  TonU 


(♦-10*4- 


„  I      Lead  Overflow  Pipe  to 

-iOH ^        4"s  4"Leud  Launder 

3"x  l"  Batten  on  Top  ol  Tank 
Top  Plan  View         to  support  Agitator 


Position  of  Anode 

Tlia  Engineering  ^  Joining  JouKnal 


Details  of  Construction  and  Arrangement  of  Tanks  at  Lithgow,  N.  S.  W. 


can  turn  out  150  tons  of  electrolytic  cop- 
per per  week.  With  low  acid  and  cold 
solution  the  same  plant  never  exceeded 
80  tons  per  week.  The  theoretical  output 
of  the  plant,  according  to  Gore's  formula, 
wc.i,'ld  be:  1200  amp.  X  18.1164  grs.  Cu 
per  amp.  hr.  ^  7000  grs.  X  24  hrs.  = 
74.534  lb.  per  tank  per  day.  And  672 
tanks  X  74.534  X  ^  days  =  156  tons  per 
week.  Diepel  and  Kilgours'  formula  is: 
168  hrs.  X  1200  amp.  X  2.596  lb.  X  672 
tanks  -^  1000  =  157  tons  output. 

High  Temperature  and  High  Free  Acid 
Essential  to  Efficient  Operation 

If  the  theoretical  output  for  672  tanks 


output  of  the  plant  would  be  about  200 
tons  of  electrolytic  copper  per  week. 
These  figures  demonstrate  the  great  im- 
portance of  high  temperature  and  high 
fiee  acid  in  the  electrolyte. 

Hot  Solutions  Promote  Efficient 
Deposition 

The  limit  of  free-acid  content  is  about 
14  or  15  per  cent.,  but  I  do  not  know 
what  is  the  limit  of  temperature.  Up 
to  135  deg.  F.  has  been  used  at  Lithgow 
with  excellent  results.  If  it  could  be  ar- 
ranged, I  would  work  with  much  hotter 
solutions  than  120  deg.  F.,  in  fact,  to  as 
high   a   point   below    actual   ebullition    as 


lyte.  The  following  experiment  will  show 
clearly  the  importance  of  heating  the 
solution  to  bring  about  a  reduction  of  the 
copper  content  of  the  slime. 

The  test  was  made  on  a  series  of  eight 
tanks.  Electrolyte  at  a  temperature  of 
120  deg.  F.  was  fed  into  the  first  tank, 
then  flowed  successively  down  through 
each  tank  to  the  last.  The  escaping  elec- 
trolyte at  No.  8  showed  a  temperature  of 
90  deg.  F.,  or  a  fall  of  30  deg.  in  the 
initial  temperature.  The  eight  tanks  were 
run  for  several  weeks,  and  then  the  mud 
in  each  tank  was  analyzed.  The  results 
showed  a  steady  increase  in  the  copper 
content    and    a    decided    decrease    in    thfi 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


719 


;old    and    silver   content    from    No.    I    to 
N'o.  8  tanks. 

The  figures  forcibly  demonstrated  the 
act  that  a  properly  constructed  electro- 
ytic  refinery  should  have  hot  electrolyte 
ed  into  every  tank,  or  at  least  into  every 
wo  tanks.  Although  the  anodes  were  the 
ame  in  metal  content  in  all  the  tanks,  yet 
here  was  a  decided  difference  in  the  con- 
ent  of  the  slime  in  No.  1  as  against  No. 
:  tank,  due  entirely  to  the  difference  of 
emperature  in  the  electrolyte. 

iLECTROLYTE  AGITATED  IN   EaCH   TaNK  BY 

A  Jet  of  Air 

The  electrolyte  in  each  tank  is  agitated 
y  a  jet  of  compressed  air,  at  a  pressure 
f  5  lb.  per  sq.in.  The  air  is  supplied  by 
n  arrangement,  as  shown  in  the  cut, 
imilar  to  a  Pohle  air  lift.     It  consists  of 

J4-in.  composition  gas  pipe  leading 
rem  the  compressed-air  main  to  a  Ji-i"- 
;ad  pipe,  which  is  suspended  in  each 
ink  at  the  discharge  end  and  reaches  to 
•ithin  6  in.  of  the  bottom.  The  end  of 
lis  ;4-in.  pipe  is  turned  up  so 
3  to  discharge  the  air  upward  into 
le  -Ji-in.  lead  pipe;  the  expansion 
f  the  air  lifting  the  solution  and 
ischarging  it  at  the  surface,  thus  aerat- 
ig  the  electrolyte  as  well  as  mixing  it. 

If  no  agitation  is  used,  the  electrolyte 
IS  a  marked  tendency  to  separate  into 
yers,  a  lower  one,  heavy  in  sulphate  of 
)pper  and  low  in  free  acid,  and  a  top 
yer  high  in  free  acid  and  low  in  sul- 
late  of  copper.  This  condition  not  only 
lUses  a  concentration  of  copper  sulphate 

the  bottom  layer,  but  also  brings  about 
1  intense  action  of  the  top  acid  liquor  at 
e  junction  of  the  two  layers,  which,  if 

does  not  cut  in  half  the  anode,  will 
adually  dissolve  the  copper  in  the  top 
ilf  of  the  cathode,  while  the  lower  half 

the  cathode   becomes   rapidly  thicker. 

this  happens  bluestone  will  crystallize 

the  lower  half  of  the  electrolyte.  This 
ndition  is  liable  to  cat.:5e  a  heavy  short 
rcuit. 

Such  things  should  not  happen  in  plants 
operly  constructed  and  operated,  but 
ey  have  occurred.  Where  tanks  have 
en  standing   for  some   time   waiting  to 

charged   with   anodes,   this  separation 

solution  may  occur,  and  even  though 
;itation  is  started  immediately,  it  takes 
ne  to  mix  a  separated  solution.  Occa- 
inally,  in  such  tanks  after  admitting  the 

rrent,  the  solution  will  boil,  but  the  in- 
iduction  of  a  stream  of  water  through  a 
ise  will,  in  a  few  minutes,  stir  up  the 
avy  solution  and  stop  the  boiling.  The 
'  ration  of  the  electrolyte  tends  to  oxi- 
ze  some  of  the  impurities. 

jiEE  Acid  in  Electrolyte  Causes  Im- 
I  PURE  Copper  and  Foul  Solution 

Of  further  importance  is  the  composi- 
|>n  of  the   electrolyte.     At   Lithgow   the 

mposition    was    approximately    12    per 

nt.  free  sulphuric  acid  and  14  per  cent. 

uestone  (CuSO.  +  5H..0),  with  a  spe- 
,.nc  gravity  of  1.18. 


As  stated  before,  low  acid  increases  the 
resistance  of  the  electrolyte.  If  the  acid 
content  falls  below  3'/:  per  cent,  it  causes 
a  deposition  on  the  cathode  of  a  mixture 
of  metallic  copper  and  cupreous  oxide 
instead  of  metallic  copper  alone.  At  the 
same  time  a  large  amount  of  oxide  of 
copper  precipitates  with  the  gold  and  sil- 
ver slime.  The  mud,  consequently,  may 
contain  as  much  as  80  per  cent,  of  copper. 

The  cathode  copper  is  brittle  from  the 
presence  of  this  oxide  of  copper,  and 
instead  of  having  a  bright  pink  color,  it 
will  be  a  dark  brown,  especially  after  be- 
ing in  the  air  for  a  time.  The  conduc- 
tivity of  such  a  cathode  is  low.  If  the 
acid  is  too  high,  polarization  troubles  are 
set  up.  I  have  found  that  a  free  acid 
content  of  about  12  or  13  per  cent,  was 
safe,  and  that  good  work  was  obtained 
with  an  amperage  of  12  to  14  amp.  per 
sq.ft.  of  cathode  surface. 

Starting  Sheets  Deposited  on  Copper 
Blanks 

The  starting  sheet,  as  shown  in  the 
cut  and  used  in  the  depositing  tanks  as 
cathodes,  are  grown  from  the  ordinary 
auro-argentiferous  copper  anodes,  in  this 
case  weighing  about  300  lb.,  in  tanks 
kept  for  the  purpose.  Rolled  copper 
plates  yk  in.  thick  are  cut  to  a  size  about 
2' J  in.  longer  than  the  required  cathode 
sheet,  and  about  one  inch  wider.  Two 
holes  are  punched  in  them  at  a  point 
which  will  be  above  the  electrolyte  when 
they  are  suspended  in  the  tanks.  This  is 
to  prevent  deposition  of  copper  on  the 
hooks  and  to  enable  the  sheets  to  be  read- 
ily stripped  from  the  plates.  The  plates, 
which  are  supported  by  copper  hooks,  J^ 
in.  in  diameter,  must  be  flat  and  hang 
squarely  in  the  tanks. 

In  preparing  the  plates  they  are  first 
dipped  in  molten  tallow,  in  a  cast-iron 
trough  with  a  false  bottom,  through 
which  steam  passes.  The  plates  are  then 
placed  on  end  to  drain  off  the  surplus 
tallow.  After  the  tallow  has  set,  each 
blank  is  covered  on  both  sides  with  a 
fine  coating  of  graphite  by  moving  about 
in  a  shallow  box  containing  finely 
ground  graphite.  The  sides  and  edges 
are  then  covered  with  a  fresh  layer  of 
tallow  about  '  _■  in.  wide  by  dipping  in  a 
shallow  tank  of  the  molten  substance. 
This  prevents  the  copper  from  growinp, 
at  any  place  except  on  the  prepared 
graphite  surface. 

After  the  plates  are  prepared,  24  are 
hung  in  each  vat  to  12  anodes.  In  about 
two  days  they  are  withdrawn,  and  a  sheet 
of  thinly  deposited  copper  weighing  about 
2  or  3  lb.  is  stripped  off  each  side  of  tho 
rolled  blank.  These  starting  sheets  ought 
to  be  tough.  We  usually  secured  about 
90  per  cent,  fit  for  use  in  the  depositing 
tanks. 

Boys  punch  the  holes  in  each  starting 
sheet  for  the  hooks  which  suspend  the 
sheets  in  the  depositing  tanks.  In  some 
refineries  the  Morrow  clip  machine  is  used 


to  rivet  on  a  strip  of  copper  instead  of  a 
hook.  This  saves  a  small  cost  in  the 
purchase  of  wire,  and  it  also  makes  a  fiat 
connection,  which  is  preferable  to  a  hook, 
for  the  latter,  projecting  beyond  the  sheer, 
receives  a  more  rapid  deposition  of  cop- 
per from  the  anode  than  any  other  part 
of  the  cathode,  hence  a  nobby  excres- 
cence of  copper  grows  on  the  hook,  which 
in  12  to  14  days  may  extend  across  the 
space  between  the  cathode  and  anode, 
thus  causing  a  short  circuit. 

Figuring  the  usable  sheets  at  90  per 
cent,  and  with  the  cathodes  in  672  tanks 
changed  every  14  days,  the  number  of 
sheets  required  daily  would  be  960.  Two 
boys  receiving  8d.  per  tank,  attend  to  the 
growing  of  these  sheets.  As  a  rule,  41 
tanks,  of  which  20  are  charged  one  day 
and  21  the  next,  are  required  to  grow  the 
requisite  sheets.  Usually  2000  starting 
sheets  are  kept  in  stock. 

I  have  seen  poor  results  obtained  when 
the  starting  sheets  were  grown  in  tanks 
with  no  circulation  of  electrolyte.  At 
times  the  sheets,  instead  of  being  tough, 
would  be  brittle,  and  often  the  yield 
would  be  much  less  than  90  per  cent. 

Some  years  ago,  at  Lithgow,  starting 
sheets  were  grown  in  non-circulating 
tanks  using  cold  solution,  and  it  has  been 
recorded  that  the  total  available  sheets 
for  a  day's  growth  was  as  low  as  5  per 
cent.  It  has  happened  more  than  once 
that  a  part  of  the  plant  had  to  be  stopped 
because  the  supply  of  sheets  had  run  our. 

Brittle  Sheets  Due  to  Non-Circula- 
tion OF  Electrolyte  and  Low 
Free  Acid 

At  that  time  the  cause  of  brittle  sheets 
was  not  properly  understood.  The  cure 
consisted  in  giving  the  tank  a  dose  of 
gelatin  dissolved  in  water,  which  would 
produce  tough  sheets  for  a  day  or  two. 
and  then  the  particular  tank  would  again 
grow  nothing  but  brittle  sheets.  Analysis 
showed  too  low  a  percentage  of  free  acid 
in  the  electrolyte.  Finally,  tests  were 
made  in  circulating  tanks,  using  the  ordi- 
nary electrolyte  of  the  depositing  tanks, 
and  the  trouble  at  once  ceased  and  has 
not  recurred. 

Instead  of  an  average  production  of  40 
per  cent,  the  change  produced  regular'/ 
90  per  cent,  of  usable  sheets  daily.  Of 
course  the  brittle  sheets  were  not  a  loss, 
but  they  cost  money  for  tallow,  graphite, 
labor,  etc.  More  modern  methods  of 
growing  starting  sheets  are  in  use  at  the 
Port  Kembia  works,  but  what  I  am  at- 
tempting to  describe  is  the  practice  at 
Lithgow,  which,  as  stated  before,  could 
easily  be  much  improved  by  the  erection 
of  a  new  plant. 

Excess  Copper  in  Slime  Solution  Re- 
moved BY  Crystallizing  as  Copper 

Sulphate 

Some  of  the  excess  copper  in  the  elec- 
trolyte comes  from  the  natural  tendency 
of  electrolysis  to  increase  the  strength  of 


720 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


the  solution  in  copper.  The  decomposi- 
tion of  the  anodes  into  sulphate  of  copper 
is  more  easily  done  by  the  current  than 
is  the  return  decomposition  of  the  sul- 
phate of  copper  to  metallic  copper.  In 
fact,  the  current  produces  more  sulphate 
of  copper  than  it  can  decompose  to 
copper. 

Another  source  of  excess  copper  is  the 
copper  sulphate  produced  in  the  mud 
treatment.  This  solution  is  returned  to  a 
storage  pit,  from  which  it  is  elevated  to 
a  series  of  flat,  lead-lined  tanlcs  about  18 
in.  deep  in  which  are  hard-lead  pipes  car- 
rying waste  steam.  Here  it  is  evaporated 
until  dense  enough  to  crystallize  the  sul- 
phate of  copper.  It  is  then  siphoned  into 
other  tanks,  containing  strips  of  lead, 
upon  which  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of 
copper  form. 

The  mother  liquor  is  either  kept  evap- 
orated to  a  point  at  which  all  salts  in 
solution  are  precipitated,  leaving  strong 
sulphuric  acid  ready  for  use  again,  or  run 
through  boxes  containing  scrap  iron  to 
recover  the  balance  of  the  copper,  the 
liquor  finally  running  to  waste  with  all 
its  impurities.  The  crop  of  sulphate  crys- 
tals are  redissolved  and  added  to  the 
supply  of  electrolyte.  If  there  was  a 
market,  the  crystals  of  copper  sulphate 
could  be  sold. 

Excess  Copper  in  Electrolyte  Removed 
IN  Liberator  Tanks 

The  excess  copper  produced  in  the  de- 
positing tanks  absorbs  acid,  gradually  in- 
creasing the  volume  of  the  electrolyte  in 
circulation  if  the  copper  is  not  removed. 
As  there  is  little  demand  for  bluestone  in 
Australia  the  excess  copper  is  removed 
in  liberator  tanks,  using  insoluble  lead 
anodes. 

Twelve  of  these  tanks  were  sufficient  to 
keep  down  the  excess  of  copper  in  the 
electrolyte,  and  to  keep  the  amount  of 
free  acid  and  bluestone  about  stationary. 
The  tanks  are  arranged  cascade- fashion, 
receiving  curi-ent  from  a  dynamo  at  25 
volts  and  600  amp.  Insoluble  lead  anodes 
%  in.  thick  are  used  with  copper  sheets 
as  cathodes. 

In  starting,  the  speed  of  the  dynamo 
must  be  carefully  regulated;  if  run  too 
fast  the  current  will  buckle  the  lead 
anodes,  causing  instantly  a  serious  shori 
circuit.  With  light  sheets  in  every  tank, 
the  dynamo  may  run  24  hours  before  the 
ammeter  will  register;  and  until  it  shows 
about  250  amp.  it  is  not  wise  to  speed  the 
engine  too  much.  In  about  two  days  the 
full  reading  of  the  ammeter  can  be  ob- 
tained. 

After  deposition  is  well  advanced  the 
cathodes  are  removed  at  the  rate  of  four 
(eight  sheets)  per  day,  taking  30  working 
days  to  remove  the  first  lot  charged.  As 
they  are  taken  out,  eight  starting  sheets 
are  put  in  their  place.  The  voltage  per 
tank  runs  from  1.7  to  2  with  the  anodes 
and  cathodes  placed  2  in.  apart.  The 
copper  deposited  by  this  dynamo  is  very 


different  in  appearance  from  that  in  the 
depositing  room.  It  is  perfectly  smooth 
and  bright,  having  a  conductivity  of  over 
101.5  per  cent,  by  Matthiessen's  standard. 

Liberator   Plant   Releases   Copper   to 
THE  Extent  of  114  per  Cent.  ^ 

This  plant  removes  about  60  to  80  tons 
of  copper  per  year  from  the  electrolyte, 
so  that  the  increase  in  copper  by  electro- 
lysis is  roughly  about  IJ-j  per  cent.  The 
effect  of  this  plant  on  the  constitution  of 
the  electrolyte  entering  and  leaving 
shows,  for  an  average  of  eight  determina- 
tions, a  drop  of  3.7  per  cent  in  copper 
sulphate,  a  rise  of  1.8  in  sulphuric  acid 
and  a  fall  in  temperature  of  20  deg.  F. 
The  rise  in  acid  is  to  be  noted.  The  fall 
ill  temperature  is  caused  by  the  cooling 
of  the  electrolyte  in  its  passage  through 
the  series  of  six  tanks  before  it 
discharges. 

The  plant  is  in  a  separate  room,  be- 
cause the  action  of  the  current  disengages 
a  considerable  quantity  of  hydrogen,  and 
as  this  is  generally  wet  with  the  solution, 
it  is  a  most  irritating  gas  to  the  nostrils, 
and  causes  violent  sneezing  until  one  gets 
used  to  it.  The  efficiency  of  the  dynanu 
is  about  80  per  cent.  It  is  lower 
than  those  using  soluble  anodes.  Be- 
sides removing  about  80  tons  of  copper 
per  year,  this  machine  also  supplies  cur- 
rent for  the  parting  of  the  dore  bullion. 

The  copper  obtained  from  the  liberator 
plant  is  melted  with  the  cathodes  from 
the  depositing  room  in  a  reverberatory 
furnace,  which  is  used  only  for  refining 
the  electrolytic  copper.  The  conductivity 
of  all  the  cathodes  will  average  nearly  101 
per  cent,  by  Matthiessen's  standard.  In 
refining,  however,  the  sulphur  in  the  coal 
and  other  impurities  from  the  bricks  of 
the  furnace  reduce  this  to  an  average  of 
100  per  cent,  by  Matthiessen's  standard. 
After  bringing  to  "pitch"  the  bath  of 
molten  copper  is  ladled,  cast  into  ingots, 
and  branded  "E.L.C."  on  the  bottom  and 
"A.U.S.T."  on  each  end.  The  ingots  are 
sold  principally  to  wire  makers. 
{To  be  concluded) 


The  Akins  Classifier 

The  Portland  Gold  Mining  Company  at 
Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  is  reported  to  be 
using  seven  Akins  classifiers  for  separat- 
ing sands  from  slimes  for  cyanide  treat- 
ment. The  Akins  machine  is- built  after 
the  scheme  of  the  log  washer  and  con- 
sists of  a  trough  with  a  revolving  helix. 
At  one  end  is  an  overflow  weir  and  hop- 
per for  the  slimes,  and  at  the  other  end  a 
discharge  hopper  for  the  sands.  When 
in  place  the  trough  is  set  at  an  inclination 
of  about  2' J  in.  to  the  foot. 

Revolving  within  the  trough  is  a  shaft 
carrying  at  the  overflow  end  a  single, 
continuous  helix  or  spiral  of  about  4  ft. 
length,  and  a  double  interrupted  helix  or 
spiral  the  remainder  of  the  length  of  the 


trough.  The  spiral  band  is  about  four 
inches  in  depth,  being  constructed  of 
steel.  Arms  radiating  from  the  shaft  are 
fastened  to  this  band.  The  feed  inlet 
is  situated  about  four  feet  from  the  over- 
flow as  is  shown  in  the  accompanying 
illustration.  It  is  so  placed  that  the  pulp 
enters  below  the  surface   of  the  charge. 

Separates  and  Dewaters  Sands 

A  thin  stream  of  pulp  enters  the  feedi 
box  and  there  meets  a  slowly  moving 
spiral;  the  heavier  solids  settling  to  the! 
bottom  of  the  trough  are  gently  advanced 
toward  the  sands  discharge  end.  The  in- 
termittent spiral  permits  the  contained 
moisture  to  drain  off  and  flow  back  into 
the  charge.  The  slow  turning  over  of  the 
sands  washes  the  finest  solids  back  and 
allows  the  sands  to  give  up  a  large  per- 
centage of  their  moisture.  The  suspend- 
ed slimes  flow  toward  the  weir  and  over 
it  into  the  collecting  hopper,  then  to  the 
slimes  launder. 

Tests  made  with  a  48-in.  by  12-ft.  ma- 
chine handling  30  mesh  or  finer  material 
of  about  2.65  sp.gr.,  contained  in 
water  in  the  ratio  of  one  of  solids  to 
eight  to  10  of  liquid,  and  a  feed  of  4H 
tons   of  solids   per  hour,   showed,   it  is 


Sand 
Disokarg^ 


Slime 
Discharge 

T/ie  Eni/inveixfJis  i  Minirtff  Jovnia 

Akins  Classifying  Machine 


claimed,  that  less  than  5  per  cent,  of  tht 
sands  discharged  would  pass  a  200-mesl 
screen  and  less  than  2  per  cent,  of  the 
slimes  were  retained  on  a  100-mest 
screen.  The  moisture  contained  in  thi 
sands  varied  from  16  to  20  per  cent. 

The  spirals  are  subjected  to  little  weS' 
as  they  slowly  pass  through  the  sand 
In  practice  it  is  claimed  that  it  has  nevei 
been  found  necessary  to  lift  or  dig  ou 
the  spiral  even  after  the  machine  ha' 
been  stopped  and  the  pulp  continued  U 
flow  into  the  trough  for  some  time. 


Among  the  diseases  incident  to  certaii 
trades,  there  is  a  peculiar  one  to  whicl 
workers  in  plants  manufacturing  chrotn 
ates  are  subject.  The  thinnest  portion  o 
the  septum  of  the  nose  is  attacked  and  i 
gradually  eaten  away  until  the  two  nos 
trils  form  one  channel  for  a  portion  of  th 
space  inside  the  nose.  The  disease  thei 
seems  to  have  no  further  effect  on  thi 
health  of  the  worker.  Preventive  meas 
ures  are  the  use  of  some  bland  oil  o 
ointment  in  the  nose  and  taking  care  no 
to  touch  the  nose  when  any  dust  con 
taining  chromates  is  on  the  fingers. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


721 


Operations  and  Policy  of  Dolcoath  Mine 

LONDON   CORRESPONDENCE 


The  report  of  the  Dolcoath  Mine,  Ltd., 
for  the  half  year  ended  June  30,  1910, 
shows  that  though  sufficient  profit  was 
made  to  pay  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5 
per  cent,  per  annum,  yet  it  has  been  de- 
cided not  to  distribute  any  dividend,  but 
to  use  these  profits  to  meet  capital  ex- 
penditure. 

The  accompanying  table  gives  the  re- 
sults of  the  work  done  during  this  last 
half  year  together  with  the  total  results 
since  the  formation  of  the  present  com- 
pany in   1895. 

As  is  seen,  the  comparison  is  not  fav- 
orable to  present-day  results.  Working 
:osts  and  royalties  have  both  increased 
and  profits  diminished  in  spite  of  an  in- 
creased   revenue. 

Only  65  Per  Cent,  of  Net  Profit 
Distributed 

It  is  remarkable  that  among  the  pro- 
fusion of  other  figures  there  is  no  men- 
ion  made  in  the  report  of  the  amounts 
jaid  in  dividends.  Dividends  are  the  in- 
lex  to  the  success  of  a  mine  and  with- 
)ut  a  statement  of  them  the  other  figures 
)f  profit  are  certainly  misleading.  In 
ooking  through  the  report  it  is  seen  that 
"or  every  one  of  the  30  half  years  of  the 
;ompany's  life,  a  net  profit  has  been 
shown,  the  sum  of  which  amounts  to 
?483,942.  It  is  not,  however,  stated  that 
)ut  of  these  so-called  net  profits  only 
i314,500,  or  65  per  cent,  has  been  dis- 
ributed  in  dividends.  The  larger  part 
)f  the  difference  between  these  two  sums 
:onsists  of  amounts  written  off  for  de- 
ireciation.  Sixty-five  per  cent,  is,  how- 
;ver,  a  low  proportion  of  profit,  espe- 
:ially  when  it  is  considered  that  nothing 
las  to  be  deducted  out  of  the  net  profit 
'or  royalty,  this  having  already  been  de- 
lucted. 

Moreover,  it  is  now  considered  useless 

0  hide  the   fact  that  depreciation   forms 

1  part  of  the  working  cost,  and  that  only 
he  amount  distributed  as  dividends  can 
le  considered  as  profit,  all  the  remainder 
>eing  the  cist  of  working.  Considering 
he  data  under  these  more  rational  ideas 
if  cost  and  profit,  the  following  figures 
re  obtained:  Working  cost,  £1,764,783, 
ir  85  per  cent,  of  the  total  revenue;  di- 
iidends,  £314,500,  or  15  per  cent.;  total, 

:2,079,283.  It  is  thus  seen  that  so  far, 
'5  per  cent,   has   been   paid   out   to   the 

lommunity  and  15  per  cent,  to  the  share- 
lolder.  Considering  all  the  circum- 
tances  at  the  mine  and  the  percentage 

l-xtracted  from  the  ore  the  proportion 
'aid  in  dividends  is  lower  than  might  be 
ightly  expected.  The  proportion  paid 
■y  ordinary  railway  companies  in  fixed- 


interest   charges   and   dividends   is   gen- 
erally about  30  per  cent. 

The  Shareholder  the  Only  Loser 

Considering  the  interest  obtained  upon 
the  money  invested,  it  will  be  seen  that 
over  the  life  of  15  years  the  average  dis- 
tribution becomes  just  under  6  per 
cent,  per  annum,  from  which  figure  the 
fiuctuations  have  been  from  2K>  per 
cent,  to  17' J  per  cent.  During  three 
years  there  were  no  distributions  at  all, 
after  working  costs  and  royalties  had 
been  fully  met,  the  shareholder  being  the 
only  one  disappointed.  This  fact  is  made 
the  more  poignant  in  that  at  the  previous 
meeting  the  chairman  stated  that  there 
was  sufficient  money  on  hand  to  com- 
plete necessary  new  equipment. 

Under  this  rough  treatment  the  share- 
holder may  be  excused  if  he  begins  to 
consider  that  the  mine  is  being  worked 
with  too  little  consideration  toward  him. 
He  sees  the  proportion  of  working  cost 
advancing  though  it  was  reasonable  to 
expect  that  with  the  treatment  of  larger 
quantities  it  would  decrease,  and  that  the 


claims  make  first  demand  upon  the 
revenue,  it  is  a  bad  system  for  the  share- 
holder. It  would  be  better  for  him  to 
have  the  good  stakes  worked  when  the 
prices  rule  high  because,  not  only  would 
more  money  be  obtained  for  the  tin,  but 
in  addition  the  profit  in  the  mine  would 
be  more  quickly  turned  into  cash  at  in- 
terest. 

Should  there  then  be  periods  when  no 
profits  were  shown,  surely  they  could 
be  easily  tided  over  by  forming  a  cash 
reserve  in  times  of  large  profits  from 
which  dividends  could  be  paid  out  during 
times  of  low  returns.  Shareholders  would 
then  receive  regular  dividends.  At  pres- 
ent, though  Dolcoath  always  shows  a 
profit,  dividends  are  not  always  forthcom- 
ing, and,  when  they  do  come,  they  are, 
according  to  the  experience  of  the  past, 
most  irregular.  Such  a  condition  of  af- 
fairs  is  calculated  to   repel  investors. 

Better  Policy  to  Work  Good  Ore 
While  Prices  Are  High 

Necessarily  the  interests  of  the  com- 
munity   have    always    to    receive    sym- 


DATA  ON  OPERATIONS  AT  THE  DOLCO.\TH  MINE,  CORNWALL. 


Half  Year  Ended 
June  30,  1910. 

15  Years 
June  30 

Ended 
1910. 

Total. 

Per  Ton. 

Total. 

Per  Ton. 

£59.304  Us.  7d. 

5.049    6s.  2d. 

13,018  17s,  od. 

25s.   Id. 
2s.  2d. 
5s.  6d. 

£1.4S6.077 
109,264 
4.s:i,942 

22s.     Od. 

Iloyaltv   

Is.     8d. 

7s.     2d. 

£77,372  15s.  2d, 
47,279 

32s.  9d. 

40  M6 

£2,079,283 
1,349,778 

30s.   lOd. 

47.47 

amounts  paid  out  as  royalty  consume 
more  and  more  of  the  revenue.  The  policy 
under  w-hich  this  lack  of  consideration 
has  arisen  and  under  which  it  will  con- 
tinue is  indicated  by  a  statement  in  the 
manager's  report,  which  is  as  follows: 

Dolcoath  Policy  .to  Show  Profit 
Always 

"As  heretofore,  at  the  present  price 
of  tin,  a  considerable  quantity  of  low- 
grade  ore  has  been  worked  which,  while 
having  a  small  margin  of  profit,  reduces 
the  average  produce  of  the  output  of  tin 
stuff."  In  other  words,  when  a  high  price 
is  to  be  obtained,  the  policy  is  to  pro- 
duce less,  and  when  a  low  price  only 
can  be  obtained  more  black  tin  will  be 
marketed. 

This  unsound  policy  of  conservation 
is  pursued  in  order  that  it  may  be  said 
that  Dolcoath  always  shows  a  profit, 
whatever  the  price  of  tin  may  be.  How- 
ever comforting  this  system  of  always 
showing  profits  may  be  to  thofee  whose 


pathetic  consideration,  but -a  narrow  view 
of  this  point  should  not  be  taken.  In 
pursuing  the  policy  of  working  the  bet- 
ter ore  when  prices  are  high,  the  interest 
of  the  community  would  be  served  as  well 
as  that  of  the  shareholders,  for  regular 
dividends  would  be  paid  and  the  enter- 
prise would  assume  the  character  of  a 
sound  investment,  attracting  capital  to 
this  district  where  it  could  be  employed 
to  such  advantage  to  the  community. 

No  Statement  of  Ore  Reserves  Given 
Another  remarkable  point  about  the 
Dolcoath  mine  report  is  that  no  state- 
ment of  the  ore  reserves  is  given.  Some 
sporadic  values  of  the  ore  are  stated  as 
occurring  at  the  various  development 
points,  but  these  are  worse  than  useless 
in  estimating  the  value  of  the  reserves. 
In  the  absence  of  the  stability  which  a 
statement  of  the  ore  reserves  gives,  the 
mine's  good  name  is  at  the  mercy  of 
every  new  showing.  If  it  be  desired  that 
this  enterprise  attract  any  consideration 


722 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


as  a  mining  investment,  a  statement  of 
ore  reserves  should  on  no  account  be 
omitted. 

The  Element  of  Time  Must  be  Con- 
sidered 

The  important  bearing  of  time  upon 
the  present  value  of  a  mine  must  also 
be  considered.  If  the  better  ore  be  kept 
in  the  mine  to  sweeten  the  poor  so  that 
a  profit  may  always  be  shown,  then  the 
mine  might  exist  for  another  century  with 
working  costs  still  advancing  and  the 
lords  taking  their  due.  The  shareholders 
alone  would  be  unsatisfied  and  uncon- 
sidered. It  might  easily  happen  under 
such  a  policy  that,  a  block  of  good  ore 
such  as  would,  if  taken  out  quickly, 
yield  a  handsome  return,  would,  when 
reserved  to  be  mined  only  when  the 
price  of  tin  was  low,  yield  no  dividends 
although  profits  might  be  shown  on  paper. 

It  is  stated  in  the  report  that  when 
William's  shaft  is  put  into  commission  it 
will  result  in  a  saving  of  many  thousands 
of  pounds  sterling  per  annum.  It  may 
therefore  be  said  that,  when  the  comple- 
tion of  this  new  equipment  is  not 
hastened  by  all  possible  means,  an  abso- 
lute loss  is  being  incurred.  The  man- 
agement is  hence  open  to  the  charge  of 
waste  of  valuable  time  in  completing  the 
equipment.  The  information  given  in  the 
manager's  report  about  the  progress  of 
this  work  is  unsatisfactory.  No  time  is 
set  in  the  report  for  the  completion  of 
this  important  work.  Although  the  di- 
rectors have  been  allowed  to  state  that 
it  is  confidently  expected  that  the  equip- 
ment will  be  at  work  in  March  next,  this 
expectancy  is  not  confirmed  by  the  man- 
ager who  is  still  free  to  take  his  own 
time. 


Garrison-Whipple  Condenser  and 
Ball  Machine 


By  Russel  Garrison* 


Potash  Industry  in  Austria 

An  Austrian  syndicate  has  recently 
been  organized  for  the  development  of 
the  salt  deposits  near  Kalusz,,  in  Calacia. 
According  to  Consul-General  Charles 
Denby,  of  Vienna,  this  region  has  up  to 
the  present  been  under  government  man- 
agement. This  syndicate,  with  an  initial 
capital  of  about  $1,000,000,  proposes  to 
take  over  the  existing  government  mines, 
extend  the  work  into  adjacent  territorv, 
and  erect  factories  for  the  production  of 
potassic  salts,  especiall;.  fertilizing  salts, 
chloride  of  potassium,  bisulphate  of  pot- 
ash and  bisulphate  of  magnesia. 

The  laws  of  Austria  forbid  the  manu- 
facture of  mineral  salts  by  private  per- 
sons, and  the  proposed  business  of  the 
new  company  will  therefore  be  conducted 
under  the  form  of  a  government  lease, 
authorizing  the  manufacture  of  the  salt 
and  its  sale  to  the  government  at  a  fixed 
price.  To  save  freight,  the  crude  potassic 
salts  will  be  prepared  by  the  company  ■Jt 
a  factory  to  be  erected  in  Kalusz.  The 
mines  have  been  worked  to  only  a  limited 
extent  as  yet. 


The  Garrison-Whipple  condenser  ma- 
chine and  the  Garrison-Whipple  ball  ma- 
chine are  patented  under  U.  S.  Pat.  No. 
915,848  and  are  manufactured  by  the 
Cherryvale  Iron  Works,  of  Cherryvale, 
Kan.,  in  the  center  of  the  gas  fields  of 
southeast  Kansas.  As  shown  in  the  illus- 
tration, it  consists  of  a  rectangular  steel 
frame,  heavy  enough  to  give  the  desired 
support  and  rigidity,  which  is  essential 
for  this  class  of  machine,  as  the  product 
must  be  true  and  of  uniform  thickness 

The  machine,  taking  about  8  horsepow- 
er, is  operated  by  a  pulley  and  belt.  The 
driving  pulley  is   fastened  to   a  counter- 


number,  are  spaced  around  a  table,  and 
are  secured  at  the  top  by  the  handholes 
on  the  mold,  fitting  into  a  keyway,  and 
at  the  bottom   by  means  of  taper  rings. 

The  table  is  rotated  in  time  with  the  de- 
scending plunger  by  means  of  a  segment 
gear  engaging  teeth  on  the  perimeter  of 
the  table.  The  arm  of  the  segment  gear 
is  mounted  on  a  vertical  shaft  which  re- 
ceives its  motion  through  bevel  gears  from 
the  horizontal  shaft  driving  the  plunger. 
Referring  to  the  illustration,  it  will  be 
seen  that  when  the  machine  is  running, 
as  the  plunger  lifts,  this  segment  engages 
the  gear  on  the  table  and  places  the  con- 
denser mold  exactly  under  the  descending 
plunger  and  die.  The  rapidly  revolving 
die  not  only  makes  a  symmetrical  conden- 
ser, but  keeps  the  clay  from  sticking  as 
well. 

The  point  of  the  die  is  removable  and 


Garrison-Whipple  Condenser  Machine  used  at  Kansas  Zinc  Smelteries 


shaft  and  the  power  transmitted  through 
a  pinion  and  gear  to  a  horizontal  shaft. 
This  shaft  has  a  U-shaped  crank  to  which 
is  fastened  the  connecting  rod  and  plung- 
er, the  latter  terminating  at  its  lower  end 
in  a  die  of  the  same  size  as  the  condenser 
to  be   formed. 

Plunger  and  Die  Rotate  and  Rise  and 
Fall  Simultaneously 
A  bevel  gear  on  a  second  countershaft 
belt-driven  from  the  first,  engages  a  bevel 
gear  mounted  on  a  horizontal  member  of 
the  frame  of  the  machine,  as  shown  in 
the  illustration.  A  key  in  the  horizontal 
gear  slides  in  a  vertical  slot  in  the  plung- 
er, rotating  the  latter  at  about  200  r.p.m. 
as  it  ascends  and  descends  from  the 
mold  containing  the  form  that  holds  the 
ball  of  prepared  clay  from  which  the  con- 
denser is  made.     These  molds,  eight   in 

•f'liprryvnlo,   Knn. 


as  it  is  the  only  part  that  requires  re- 
newing, costing  S1.50,  the  expense  of 
maintenance  is  low.  As  the  point  of  the 
condenser  is  punched  out,  it  drops  into  a 
pan  below  and  is  returned  to  the  original 
material.  The  mold  stand  is  locked  by 
a  latch  that  is  operated  by  an  eccentric  on' 
the  segment  shaft.  The  latch  is  pulled 
back  as  the  table  rotates  and  when  the 
condenser  is  being  formed,  it  locks  the 
table  by  engaging  a  hole  in  its  rim.  These 
holes  are  countersunk  and  fitted  with 
brass  bushings  that  are  renewed  at  a 
small  expense  when  worn  egg  shaped. 

The     Machine,     Readily     Adjustable 
Maintains  a  Uniform  Product 

Water  is  conveyed  to  the  plungei 
through  a  small  pipe  mounted  on  the 
framework.  The  water  is  turned  off  and 
on  as  the  die  descends  or  ascends  by 
means    of    an    eccentric    on    the    upright 


October  S,  I9I0. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


723 


shaft  operating  a  whistle  valve.  The 
water  is  regulated  by  this  valve  and 
eccentric  so  that  just  enough  is  thrown 
upon  the  plunger  to  clear  it  of  any  adher- 
ing material.  As  the  wear  can  be  taken 
up  in  a  few  moments  and  an  exact  ad- 
justment maintained,  a  perfect  condenser 
results. 

One  man  and  a  helper  can  turn  out  in 
a  10-hour  day,  2000  condensers  that  are 
better  than  those  made  by  hand,  as  the 
clay  is  formed  under  pressure.  If  the 
material  could  be  handled,  four  men  op- 
erating one  of  these  machines  could  make 
■1000  condensers  per  day.  One  man  and 
a  boy  at  $2  and  SI. 50,  respectively,  per 
day  of  10  hours,  can  maintain  a  stock  of 
several  thousand  condensers  after  the  op- 
eration has  been  started. 

The  ball  mill  that  goes  with  the  con- 
denser machine  is  built  like  a  small  pug 
mill.    A  taper  screw  forces  the  prepared 


Work  of  Mines    Trials    Committee 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 


The  Mines  Trials  Committee,  appointed 
by  the  mining  group  on  the  Rand  to  in- 
vestigate new  inventions  and  processes  in 
mining  and  metallurgy,  is  doing  useful 
work  in  many  directions.  At  the  Robin- 
son Deep  mine  trials  of  various  drill 
steels  and  of  various  methods  of  sharpen- 
ing drill  bits  are  being  carried  out;  in  the 
metallurgy  the  question  of  the  factors  af- 
fecting maximum  economy  in  stamp  and 
tube  milling  and  in  cyanide  treatment  are 
under  particular  consideration.  The  matter 
of  grading  ore  into  various  sizes  before 
feeding  to  the  mortar  box  and  of  treating 
the  fine  sizes  separately  from  the  coarse 
is  also  engaging  attention.  The  Bantjes 
mine   is  expected   to  start   crushing  with 


Garrison-Whipple    Ball    Machine 


clay  under  great  pressure  into  the  ball 
mold  carried  on  the  rods  at  the  end  of  the 
mill.  When  the  ball  is  formed,  a  clutch 
is  thrown  out  by  a  foot  lever,  the  mold 
is  opened  and  the  ball  removed  and 
thrown  into  the  condenser  machine.  The 
making  of  these  balls  by  hand  is  hard 
work.  Previous  to  the  use  of  the  mill  it 
was  almost  impossible  to  get  men  who 
could  roll  enough  balls  to  keep  the  con- 
denser machine  supplied. 


100  head  of  HJ50-lb.  stamps  in  August. 
This  plant  has  already  been  described  in 
the  Journal  of  Jan.  15,  1910,  with  illus- 
trations of  some  of  its  equipment. 


The  highest  price  for  spot  tin  in  Lon- 
don this  year  was  £166  per  ton.  In  a 
period  of  60  years  this  has  been  equaled 
once,  in  1905,  and  exceeded  four  times, 
in  1887,  when  it  reached  £167;  in  1888, 
when  the  highest  price  was  £170;  in  1906 
by  £200,  and  in  1907  by  £215  per  ton. 
The  lowest  price  on  record  in  the  60 
years  was  in  1896,  when  £56  per  ton  was 
paid  at  one  time. 


Cost    Data    from    Guanajuato 

In  the  recently  published  prospectus  of 
the  Oro  Grande  Mining  Company,  one 
of  the  subsidiary  companies  of  the 
Guanajuato  Development  Company,  of 
Guanajuato,  is  given  an  estimate  of 
costs  and  profits,  based  upon  the  results 
of  operating  companies  in  Guanajuato  at 
the  present  time.  This  table  is  an  in- 
teresting basis  for  comparison  of  costs 
between  this  important  and  typical 
Mexican  district  and  districts  in  the 
United  States,  and  also  between  various 
districts  in  .Mexico.  The  labor  conditions 
in   Guanajuato   are    normal,   except   that 


the  wage  is  higher  than  in  some  of  the 
other  Mexican  districts.  The  district  is 
supplied  with  electric  power  and  is  on  a 
branch  line  from  the  main  trunk  railroad. 
The  table  is  on  the  basis  of  1000  metric 
tons  per  day,  with  the  money  units  in 
United  States  currency. 

METAI.U'RCilCAI.  RESULTS  AT 
tiUANAJU^TC). 

Extraction — metallurgical  sa\'ing  of 

iiM-tals 90  per  cent. 

Realization  costs  (state   and  federal) 

taxe-i  and  refinery  charges 7  per  cent. 

Mitiiiii;  costs SI. 2.5  (fti  SI. 75  metric  ton 

Millmg  costs 1.25  @     1.75  metric  ton 

Transportation  cost. . .  0.25  metric  ton 

Dump  Ores. 

Gross  value  per  ton 34,00 

Metallurgical  lo.ss — .say  10  per  cent.     0.40 


Deduct  for 

.Milling  cost SI .  50 

Realization  expense  (7  per 

cent.) 0.25 

Transportation 0.25 


S3. 60 


S2  00 


Estimated  profit  per  ton $1 .60 


Gross  value  per  ton So .  00 

Metallurgical  lo.s.s — .say  10  per  cent.     0.50 

Deduct  for 

.Milling SI.. 50 

Realization  expense  (7  per 

cent . ) 0 .  25 

Transportation 0.25 


S4  50 


S2.00 
Estimated  profit  per  ton S2.50 

FiLLING.S. 

Gross  value  per  ton S7 .00 

.Metallurgical     loss — 10     per    cent. 

estimated 0.70 


Deduct  for 

Mining SI. 00 

MilliMK 1.50 

Transportation 0.25 

Realization  (7  per  cent.)..  0.45 


S6.30 


S3. 20 

Estimated  profit  per  ton S3 .  10 

Fillings — Ore   having  gross    value   S8  per 

ton  on  same  basis  .should  jneld  profit ...    S3 .  95 

Fillings — Ore  having  gross  value  S9  per  ton 

should  yield  profit 4  .  75 

Fillings — Ore  fiaving  gross  value  SIO  per 

ton  .should  yield  profit 5 ,  63 

Mine  Ores. 

Calculated  on  same  basis  of  milling  and  realiza- 
tion charges  as  dump  ores  and  fillings,  adding 
additional  expense  for  mining; 
Gross  value  per  1  on S20 .  GO 

Metallurgical  loss,  10  per  cent. ...  S2.00 

Mining 1 .  SO 

Milling 1.50 

Transportation 0.25 

Realization  charges 1 .26 


S6.51 

Estimated  profit  per  ton S13  49 

SIO  ore  should  .yield  per  ton S5.37  profit 

12  ore  should  yield  per  ton 7.45  profit 

15  ore  should  yielil  per  ton 9.50  profit 

These  data  inay  be  applied  with  a 
proper  factor  of  variation  for  general 
conditions  to  operations  in  other  Mexican 
camps. 


The  Colorado  State  Geological  Survey 
has  announced  that  it  will  determine  and 
name  mineral  specimens  sent  in  by  resi- 
dents of  Colorado.  A  letter  stating  the 
locality  from  which  the  mineral  comes, 
and  giving  any  other  useful  information 
should  accompany  the  specimen.  Suffi- 
cient material  should  be  sent  so  that,  if 
desired,  a  satisfactory  sample  may  be 
kept  as  the  property  of  the  survey.  Spec- 
imens should  be  addressed  to  the  State 
Geologist,  Boulder,  Colorado. 


724 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


The  Gold  Mining  Industry  in 
Rhodesia 


London  Correspondence 


The  gold-mining  industry  in  Rhodesia 
has  lately  received  a  large  amount  of  at- 
tention from  the  speculating  public  in 
London  and  the  United  Kingdom  gen- 
erally. This  revival  of  interest,  after  a 
long  period  of  depression,  followed  the 
return  to  favor  of  the  Transvaal  mines 
which  occurred  in  1908. 

Creditable  Showing  of  Globe  & 
Phoenix 

The  remarkable  improvement  in  the 
reef  being  worked  by  the  Globe  &  Phcenix 
Company  became  noticeable  in  the  latter 


T.\BLE  I.     ORE   RESERVE.S  OF  GLOBE 
&  PHOENIX  MINE. 


Date. 

Tons. 

Assay 
Value. 

Gross 
Value. 

June  30,  1908.. 
Dec.  31,  1908.  . 
June  30,  1909. . 
Dec.  31,  1909.. 
June  30,  1910.. 

122,408 
144,348 
168,984 
171,507 
174,788 

S12,29 
16.00 
22.06 
31,23 
32.26 

§1,304.394 
2,309,568 
3,727,787 
5,336,163 
3,638.660 

half  of  1908  and  has  continued  to  the 
present  time.  Table  I  shows  the  ore  re- 
serves of  the  Globe  &  Phoenix.  It  was,  in 
large  measure,  this  development  that  pro- 
vided the  necessary  encouragement  and 
justification  for  the  upward  movement  of 
Rhodesian  mining  securities. 

During  the  period  covered  by  the  state- 
ment of  Table  I,  gold  to  the  value  of 
about  52,700,000  was  won. 

The  stimulus  of  this  improvement  was 
all  the  more  effective  because  this  mine 
was  one  of  the  first  to  be  opened  in  the 
country  and  had  been  in  its  time  in  high 
favor  on  account  of  the  good  returns 
which  it  had  made.  This  stage  was  fol- 
lowed by  one  of  depression  till  this  re- 
cent change  for  the  better  occurred  when 
the  workings  had  reached  to  the  fifteenth 
level. 

The  total  return  from  the  other  mines 
was  at  the  same  time  maintained.  The 
production  for  1908  was  $12,124,833; 
1909,  S12,593,802;  and,  for  the  first  half 
of  1910,  $6,372,451. 

Small  Operators  Contribute  Heavily 
TO  Output 

It  is  interesting  to  note  the  proportions 
of  the  yearly  production  totals  that  are 
credited  to  the  various  groups  into  which 
the  producers  of  this  country  may  be  di- 
vided. The  segregation  for  1909  was  as 
shown  in  Table  II. 

Nearly  one-half  of  the  total  output  for 
1009  originated  in  the  operations  of  com- 
panies working  their  own  ground,  or 
small  partnerships,  which  indicates  that  a 
large  portion  of  the  ores  worked  were 
won  and  treated  without  any  great  diffi- 


culty. The  fact  that  so  large  an  amount 
was  produced  by  tributers  working  claims 
belonging  to  companies  also  indicates  the 
irregular  character  of  some  of  the  ore- 
bodies. 

Future  of  Country  In  Larger     - 
Operations 

Not  long  ago  it  was  considered  by  many 
that  the  future  of  the  country  was  with 
these  small  producers,  but  recently  the 
feeling  has  grown  that,  while  there  will 
always  be  work  for  the  individual,  the 
proportion  of  operations  maintained  by 
companies  will  continually  increase.  Com- 
panies which  have  recently  been  formed 
have  in  more  instances  than  one  based 
their  prospectuses  upon  results  obtained 
by  tributers.  and  in  at  least  one  case  the 
fact  is  established  that  the  company  tak- 
ing over  the  mine  from  the  tributers  con- 
tinued and  increased  the  success  which 
the  latter  had  achieved. 

The  case  in  question  is  that  of  the 
Queen  mine  which  was  let  out  on  tribute 
foi  316  years  by  Willoughby's  Consoli- 
dated, which  period  ended  on  May  31, 
1908.  During  that  time  the  tributers 
mined  and  crushed  57,746  tons  of  ore 
which  yielded  gold  to  the  value  of  S448,- 
996,  or  at  the  rate  of  $7.76  per  ton;  tribu- 
ters left  no  ore  reserves.  From  June  1, 
1908,  to  April,  1910,  the  owners  mined  and 
crushed  25,299  tons  and  obtained  gold  to 
the  value  of  $321,201   or  at  the  rate  of 


$132,168;  Battlefields,  $130,814;  Gaika, 
$128,577;  WiUoughby,  $123,883;  Wan- 
derer, $112,267;  Selukwe  Columbia, 
$108,820;  Selukwe  Gold,  .$99,528;  Thistle 
Etna,  $88,780;  Surprise,  $80,942;  Mata- 
bele  Reefs,  $42,556;  total,  $3,369,932. 
The  average  value  of  the  ore  crushed  by 
these  mines  was  $7.32  per  ton,  ind  the 
working  expenses  are  stated  to  have  been 
about  S4.80  per  ton,  which  figures  ex- 
press an  adequate  profit. 

As  to  the  future  of  Rhodesia  much,  of 
course,  depends  upon  the  results  at  the 
principal  mines  and  I  consider  that  the 
Globe  &  Phoenix  and,  in  all  probability, 
the  Eldorado  both  show  promise  of  profit- 
able operations  on  a  large  scale,  although 
in  the  latter  mine  no  substantial  state- 
ment of  ore  reserves  is  regularly  made. 


table  II.     SE(iREGATIOX  OF  GOLD  PRO- 
DUCTION OF  RHODESIA  FOR   1900. 


Tons 
Crushed. 

Total    Value 
Recovered. 

Value 
perTon, 

Companies  work- 
ing their  own 
grounti 

Tributers  work- 
ing company 
groimd 

Syndicates  and 
individuals. .  . 

971,383 

462,530 
373,316 

$6,555,441 

3,035,160 
3,003,201 

$6.74 

6.55 
8.04 

Total 

1,807,431 

$12,593,802 

S6.96 

$12.68  per  ton  and  in  April  21,940  tons 
of  ore  were  blocked  out. 

Twenty  Larger  Producers 

The  actual  number  of  separate  pro- 
ducers in  Rhodesia  during  the  first  six 
months  of  1910  was  stated  as  195.  This 
indicates  in  some  measure  the  large  dis- 
tribution of  the  workings  which  are  to  be 
found  in  all  districts  and  under  many 
varied  geological  conditions.  There  are, 
however,  only  about  20  important  opera- 
tions and  these  are  in  greater  part  London 
companies,  accounting  between  them  for 
rather  more  than  one-half  of  the  total 
production. 

A  list  of  these  companies  with  the 
value  of  the  production  for  the  first  six 
months  of  1910  is  as  follows:  Globe  & 
Phffinix,  .$874,982;  Eldorado,  $495,744, 
Giant,  .$254,350;  Jumbo,  $201,316;  East 
Gwanda,  $192,100;  Penhalonga,  $155,- 
611;     Rezende,   $147,388;     Buchs    Reef, 


The  Voorspoed  Diamond  Mine 
in   1909 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 


In  a  recent  article  on  the  Premier  mine' 
and  the  diamond  situation,  the  Voorspoed 
diamond  mine  in  the  Orange  River  Col- 
ony was  mentioned  as  being  a  future 
large  producer  and  the  annual  output 
estimated  at  about  400,000  carats.  The 
output  for  1909  was  274,785  carats\, 
among  the  finds  being  a  blue-white  stone 
of   116;4   carats. 

The  area  of  the  mine  is  804.8 
claims;  of  these  only  590  have  been 
stripped  of  overburden  and  485.5  worked 
to  any  depth.  During  1909,  1,831,- 
127  loads  of  ground  were  washed, 
yielding  14.97  carats  per  100  loads,  a 
decrease  in  grade  of  1.63  carats.  This 
fall  of  grade  is  due  to  the  large  amount 
of  waste  rock,  from  old  falls  from  the 
walls  of  the  pipe,  that  was  treated  and 
the  grade  is  now  expected  to  rise  to  19 
carats  per  100  loads,  most  of  the  waste 
having  been  removed. 

This  large  pipe  will,  in  the  future,  be 
a  large  producer  and  its  output  will  have 
to  be  reckoned  with  along  with  that  from 
the  De  Beers,  Premier  and  Koffyfontein 
mines. 

Cost  Data 

The  chairman,  in  his  annual  report, 
stated  that  no  difficulty  had  been  met 
with  in  disposing  of  the  diamond  output. 
The  average  price  was  17s.  13'4d.  per 
carat.  The  price  received  in  1908  was 
18s.  l'4d.  per  carat.  The  total  cost  per 
load  washed  was  2s.  0.24d.  The  cost  per 
load  of  mining,  which  includes  breaking, 
hauling  and  loading,  was  11.75d.  These 
costs  are  higher  than  anticipated,  owing 
to  the  amount  of  the  waste  hauled  and 
the  failure  of  the  gear  to  treat  the  full 
estimated  quantity.  A  profit  of  £31,930 
was  made  during  the  year. 

'Eno.  and  Min.  Joubn.,  Feb.  12,  1910,  p. 
309. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


725 


Electric     Shocks    in     Coal     Min 

An    Interesting    Recital    of    Many    Actual    and    Unusual   Cases  where 
Fatal  Results  Have  Followed  Careless  Handling  of  Charged  Apparatus 

b'y       SYDNEY       F\       WALKER* 


es 


The  use  of  electricity  in  mines  is  rap- 
idly extending  in  every  part  of  the  world. 
The  higher  efficiency,  and  the  greater 
convenience  of  electrical  apparatus,  over 
compressed  air,  is  producing  the  usual  ef- 
fect, that  is,  the  older  apparatus  is  being 
gradually  pushed  out  of  the  market.  In 
the  United  Kingdom,  at  any  rate,  with  the 
continually  increasing  cost  of  marketing 
the  coal,  every  item  of  economy  that  can 
be  practised,  is  a  godsend  to  both  mine 
owner  and  manager.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  increased  use  of  electricity  has 
brought  in  its  train,  a  somewhat  large 
number  of  accidents,  many  of  them  fatal; 
and  with  the  Workmens'  Compensation 
Act  in  full  force,  the  question  of  whether 
electrical  apparatus  is  really  economical, 
seeing  the  amounts  that  have  to  be  paid 
to  relatives  of  men  who  are  killed,  is  per- 
haps, still  an  open  question. 

The  recently  formed  Institution  of  Min- 
ing Electrical  Engineers,  of  which  I  have 
the  honor  to  be  president  of  the  South 
Wales  branch,  was  formed  for  the  ex- 
press purpose  of  enabling  the  men  who 
are  in  charge  of  electrical  apparatus  in 
nines,  to  exchange  experiences.  A  cer- 
:ain  amount  of  jealousy  has  been  caused 
n  the  old  institutions,  by  its  advent.  To 
•ny  mind,  the  jealousy  is  quite  misplaced, 
as  the  new  institution  can  only  be  sup- 
plemental to  the  older  ones.  The  men  who 
nave  become  members  of  the  new  insti- 
:ution,  in  the  great  majority  of  cases, 
:ould  not  afford  the  entrance  fees  and 
subscriptions  of  the  older  institutions. 
Further,  notwithstanding  the  formation  of 
^^anches  of  the  older  institutions,  in  the 
different  manufacturing  districts  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  there  is  very  little  op- 
Dortunity  for  the  men  in  question,  to 
Jive  their  views  at  even  the  branch  meet- 
ngs.  There  is  no  reason,  where  men  can 
ifford  it,  that  they  should  not  be  members 
if  the  older  institutions,  as  well  as  of 
:he  new  institution. 

The  Electrical  Institute   Has  Met 
Expectations 

The  new  institution  has  so  far 
inswered  the  expectation  of  those  who 
iolned  it  in  the  early  days,  in  that  it  has 
seen  the  means  of  giving  a  large  amount 
of  practical  information  to  those  who 
*"Ould  have  no  other  means  of  obtaining 
t.  At  the  present  time,  every  large  mine, 
ind  every  large  iron  works,  tin-plate 
]*'orks,  shripbuilding  yard,  etc.,  has  its 
-3wn  staff  of  electricians.    The  larger  con- 

•ronstiltlnc   cnglneor.    Bloomllold   t'lescpnt, 
I'atli,   Kngland. 


cerns  have  a  coinparatively  large  sta 
and  the  smaller  ones  have  to  be  content 
with  one  or  two  men.  The  work  of  the 
electrical  staff  in  any  case  consists  in 
laying  out  electrical  apparatus,  as  it  is 
required,  usually  with  the  assistance  of 
the  manufacturers,  and  in  addition,  they 
have  the  far  more  important  duty  of 
keeping  the  apparatus  up  to  its  work. 

Electrician    Has   to  be   Available   at 
All   Hours 

Mines  exist  for  the  purpose  of  turning 
out  minerals,  and  everything  has  to  give 
way  to  that.  Consequently,  electrical  ap- 
paratus that  is  to  be  of  service,  must 
be  kept  going  under  all  possible  condi- 
tions, and  against  all  accidents  that  may 
happen.  The  electrical  staff  have  to  be 
on  hand,  more  or  less  at  all  hours  of  the 
day  and  night.  It  is  nothing  out  of  the 
common  for  one  of  them  to  be  called 
out  of  his  bed  in  the  middle  of  the  night, 
to  go  and  put  some  apparatus  in  order. 
The  new  Eight-hour  Day  Act,  which  for- 
bids work  for  more  than  eight  hours,  un- 
der any  circumstances,  has  modified  the 
working  arrangements  of  mines,  but  un- 
der all  circumstances,  apparatus  must  be 
kept  going,  and  if  anything  is  at  fault, 
or  if  any  apparatus  refuses  to  work,  some 
electrical  man  has  to  be  called  to  it 
immediately. 

Working   Conditions   Difficult 

The  conditions  of  workingunderground, 
in  all  mines,  are  difficult  for  electrical 
apparatus.  In  a  great  many  mines,  water 
is  somewhat  abundant.  In  a  great  many 
others,  falls  of  roof  arc  common.  Space 
is  often  limited.  Further,  the  whole  con- 
ditions of  mine  working  are  such  as  to 
bring  severe  strains  upon  electrical  ap- 
pliances. One  of  the  great  difficulties  the 
electrical  engineer  has  had  to  face,  from 
the  earliest  days  of  the  introduction  of 
electrical  apparatus,  has  been  the  fact 
that  insulation  of  conductors  of  electricity 
was  absolutely  necessary,  and  insulating 
materials  are  all  mechanically  very  weak. 
Further,  all  of  them  are  subject  to  the 
action  of  electrolysis,  the  splitting  up  of 
the  compounds  of  which  they  are  com- 
posed, by  the  leakage  currents  which  pass 
through  them. 

Mines  also  are  subject  to  continual 
motion.  Floors  rise,  walls  press  inward, 
roofs  press  downward.  The  atmospheric 
conditions  of  the  mine  are  changing  at 
certain  parts  of  the  year,  from  day  to 
day,  and  they  are  very  different  during 
summer  and  during  winter. 


Conductors  Are  Subject  to  Severe 
Duty 

The  conductors  that  are  employed  to 
transmit  current  from  the  generators  to 
the  different  parts  of  the  mine  where  they 
are  to  be  used,  are  subject  to  severe 
conditions.  I  observe  that  in  America,  in 
some  mines,  the  bold  policy  has  been 
adopted,  of  dispensing  with  insulation  al- 
together. I  understand  also  that  some- 
thing of  the  kind  has  been  done  in  Ger- 
many. In  the  United  Kingdom  the  Home 
Office  would  forbid  anything  of  the  kind. 
Conductors  must  be  insulated,  and  well 
insulated;  but  when  insulated  as  well  as 
it  is  possible,  regardless  of  expense,  they 
still  remain  sources  of  weakness.  The 
insulating  envelop  is  liable  to  be  damaged 
by  falls,  even  by  the  cutting  edge  of  a 
small  piece  of  rock  falling  from  the  roof, 
unless  protected  by  armor;  if  protected 
by  armor,  there  is  a  great  danger  that 
a  heavy  fall  will  drive  the  armor  through 
the  insulating  envelop,  and  connect  it  to 
the  conductor  itself. 

Use  of  Horses   Underground  Is 
Decreasing 

The  use  of  horses  in  mines  in  the 
United  Kingdom  is  steadily  decreasing, 
but  in  the  early  days  of  the  introduction 
of  electric  light  and  power,  the  horse  was 
a  considerable  source  of  trouble  to  cables. 
Sometimes  he  would  rub  himself  against 
a  cable,  in  the  way  horses  have,  rubbing 
off  the  insulating  envelop,  or  rendering  it 
so  thin  that  some  triMing  accident  or 
some  trifling  friction  later  on,  exposed  the 
conductor.  Cases  were  somewhat  fre- 
quent of  horses  biting  cables,  and  being 
killed. 

A  more  frequent  source  of  damage  to 
cables  is  accidents  to  the  haulage.  In 
the  United  Kingdom,  endless-rope  haul- 
age is  largely  employed  for  the  main 
roads,  but  the  main  haulage  is  fed  by 
dip  haulages,  and  sometimes  by  small 
main  and  tail  haulages.  With  a  properly 
arranged  endless-rope  system,  it  is  not 
often  that  mine  cars  get  off  the  road, 
but  if  the  road  is  neglected,  if  the  rails 
are  allowed  to  get  out  of  gage,  and  out 
of  line,  trams  somewhat  frequently  get 
off,  and  may  be  thrown  against  cables, 
if  they  are  within  their  reach. 

The  Causes  of  Shock 

In  the  course  of  the  discussion,  at  the 
South  Wales  branch  of  The  Institution  of 
Mining  Electrical  Engineers,  upon  a  pa- 
per written  by  the  president  of  the  insti- 
tlon,  WilliaiTi    Maurice,    about     "Electric 


726 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


Shocks  in  Mines,"  the  usual  differ- 
ences of  opinion  were  expressed, 
but  two  points  came  out  clearly. 
A  large  number  of  the  accidents 
were  due  to  want  of  care.  The 
want  of  care  might  be  described  in  some 
instances  as  even  worse  than  careless- 
ness, and  it  was  not  the  men  who  may 
be  supposed  to  be  ignorant  of  the  danger, 
to  whom  the  want  of  care  applied.  In 
several  instances  men  who  were  well 
qualified,  who  thoroughly  understood,  or 
should  have  understod  the  full  danger  of 
the  apparatus  they  were  handling,  took 
grave  chances,  with  often  fatal  results. 
Cases  were  reported,  such  as  skilled 
men  working  behind  switchboards,  where 
necessarily  conductors  between  which 
high  pressures  exist  are  exposed,  made 
temporary  connection  between  the  con- 
ductors a  little  way  from  each  other,  for 
the  purpose  of  testing,  by  means  of  a 
piece  of  bent,  naked  wire.  The  bent, 
naked  wire,  held  in  the  hand  of  the 
experimenter,  as  it  might  be  expected  to 
do,  accidentally  came  into  contact  with 
a  conductor  carrying  a  high-pressure  cur- 
rent, the  result  being  that  the  high  pres- 
sure was  set  up  between  the  hand  of 
the  experimenter  and  his  feet,  or  occa- 
sionally between  his  two  hands. 

Examples   of   Carelessness 

In  another  case,  a  qualified  man  made 
a  somewhat  similar  temporary  connec- 
tion at  the  back  of  the  switchboard,  and 
came  off  with  temporary  blinding.  The 
piece  of  wire  with  which  he  was  making 
connection,  was  fused,  a  blinding  flash 
following,  he  being  knocked  down,  the 
sight  of  both  eyes  being  temporarily  lost, 
and  the  experimenter  himself  being  laid 
up  for  some  months.  Possibly  he  will 
be  more  careful  in  future.  In  another 
case,  a  skilled  man,  I  believe  a  college 
graduate,  was  making  connections  at  the 
back  of  half  of  the  switchboard,  the  con- 
ductors of  that  half  having  been  rendered 
dead,  the  service  being  carried  on  from 
the  conductors  on  the  other  half  of  the 
board,  the  back  of  that  half  being  blocked 
off,  so  that  one  could  not  easily  get  to  it. 
In  spite  of  the  knowledge  that  he  had, 
or  should  have  had,  the  man  in  this  case 
deliberately  went  to  the  other  half  of  the 
back  of  the  board,  accidentally  made  con- 
nection with  a  live  conductor,  carry- 
ing a  high-pressure  current,  and  was 
killed. 

Another  case  came  within  my  knowl- 
edge some  years  ago,  not  at  a  mine.  It 
was  at  a  town  generating  station.  A 
young  fool  who  ought  to  have  known  bet- 
ter, was  playing  with  fuse  wire.  He 
threw  a  piece  of  the  wire  in  the  air,  and  on 
coming  down  it  alighted  on  a  pair  of 
conductors  between  which  a  high  pres- 
sure existed,  fused  with  a  flash,  and 
blinded  the  young  man  for  some  weeks. 
In  other  cases,  want  of  care  has  been  due 
rather  to  strain.  In  one  case  that  was 
mentioned  at  the  South  Wales  branch  of 


The   Institution  of  Mining  Electrical   En- 
gineers, a  man  was  killed  through  either 
his   own  caution   having  been  dulled   for 
the  time,  or  by  the  carelessness  of  a  boy 
who   was   manipulating   the   switch.      An 
electric  main-and-tail  haulage  plant  stop- 
ped work,  and  an  electrician   was  called 
to  it.     The  plant  was  worked  by  a  con- 
troller, and  there  was  the  usual  arrange- 
ment   that    goes   with    apparatus    of   this 
kind,  somewhat  similar  to  those  used  on 
tramcars  and  electric  locos.     There   is  a 
barrel  of  insulating  material,  carrying  a 
number  of   spring  contacts,   arranged   to 
revolve    inside    a    case,    upon   which    are 
fixed    other    insulated    contacts.      As   the 
barrel  is  revolved  by  means  of  a  handle 
on  the  top,  or  at  the  side  where  the  bar- 
rel is  arranged  in  a  horizontal  position,  as 
is  sometimes  done,  different  spring  con- 
tacts engage  with  other  contacts  on  the 
inside    of    the    containing    case,    making 
different  connections,  and  arranging  cur- 
rents to  pass  through  resistances,  to  give 
increased  or  decreased  speed,  and  so  on. 
The  spring  contacts  are  liable  to  become 
bent,   and   to   wear,   and   not   to   properly 
make  connection  upon  the  fixed  contacts 
they  should  engage  with,  and  consequent- 
ly the  haulage  drum  either  does  not  work, 
or  works  badly.     The   remedy  is  to  pull 
out    the    barrel,    adjust    the    spring    eon- 
tacts  carefully,  replace  the  barrel,  and  try 
it,  the  process  being  repeated  until  things 
work  properly.     Before  the  barrel  is  with- 
drawn,  before    anything    is    done    to   the 
controller,  it  is  absolutely  necessary   for 
the  safety  of  the  man  who  is  working  at 
the   controller,   that   all  conductors   in   it, 
or  connected  with  it,  should  be  rendered 
absolutely  dead,  that  there  should  be  no 
possible  chance  of  his  making  a  connec- 
tion between  any  part  of  his  body,  and  a 
conductor  carrying  a  high-tension  current. 
In   the   particular   case    reported,    a    lad 
was  put  to  throw  off  a  double-pole  switch, 
provided  to  disconnect  the   service    from 
the  controller,  and  from  the  haulage  plant 
altogether.    The  lad  appears  to  have  done 
this  several  times,  but  at  last  he  appar- 
ently did   not  open  the   switch,  and  con- 
sequently when  the  barrel  was  placed  in 
the    controller,    and    the    man    who    was 
working  at  it  was  giving  his  final  touches 
to  the   springs,  to  get  them   nicely   into 
their  place,  he   received   a   shock  which 
killed  him. 

Small  Jobs  Require  Patience 

It  should  perhaps  be  explained  that  a 
job  of  that  kind  is  what  may  be  aptly 
termed  a  "fiddling"  job.  It  is  a  trouble- 
some job.  Most  jobs  of  the  kind  where 
electrical  apparatus  have  to  be  put  in 
order  are  troublesome  and  "fiddling."  The 
man  who  is  repairing  the  job  has  to  gent- 
ly bend  the  springs,  so  that  they  will 
make  their  proper  connection,  but  he 
must  be  careful  not  to  bend  them  too 
much,  or  he  may  have  one  of  them  broken 
off,  and  the  whole  plant  would  be  stop- 
ped.     There    are    a    number   of   these 


springs  also,  and  it  may  happen  that  as 
he  bends  one,  he  may  accidentally  bend 
one   adjoining  it  a   little   bit   out  of  line, 
as   they    are   close   together.     It    is   only    ' 
by   great   patience   that   the   job   can  be   i 
properly  done. 

I  have  had  painful  experiences  in  ad- 
justing contacts  under  similar  circum- 
stances, and  1  know  how  difficult  the  mat- 
ter is,  what  great  care  is  required,  and  ' 
how  easily  a  slip  may  be  made.  When  ' 
I  had  everything  of  the  kind  to  do,  I 
always  used  to  beg  the  colliery  staff  to 
go  away  and  leave  me  to  thrash  the  mat- 
ter out  alone,  with  my  foreman  or  as- 
sistant. Electrical  apparatus  of  the  kind 
is  exceedingly  intricate.  It  demands  a 
clear  head  indeed  to  reason  out  what  may 
be  the  cause  of  the  trouble,  and  it  re- 
quires deft  fingers,  and  the  maintenance 
of  a  clear  head,  together  with  an  almost 
unlimited  amount  of  patience,  to  put  the 
thing  in  satisfactory  condition.  If  the 
colliery  officials  are  nearby,  possibly  ask- 
ing questions,  it  tends  to  disconcert  the 
man  who  is  testing,  and  to  distract  his 
attention,  and  make  the  job  much  longer 
in  being  done. 

In  the  case  under  review,  the  haulage 
plant  was  badly  wanted,  coal  was  in  great 
demand,  and  one  can  quite  understand 
that  the  colliery  officials  were  urging  the 
electrician  to  do  all  tbat  he  possibly 
could  to  get  it  right  quickly.  One  can 
easily  understand  also,  that  the  electri- 
cian, after  withdrawing  the  barrel  several 
times,  and  noting  that  the  boy  threw  the 
switch  open  each  time,  might  relax  his 
vigilance.  It  is  easy  to  understand  also, 
that  the  boy  might  not  appreciate  the  ter- 
rible importance  of  the  opening  of  the 
switch.  His  attention  may  have  been 
taken  off  for  the  moment.  Boys  are  boys, 
and  it  is  difficult  for  them  sometimes  to 
keep  a  strained  attention  upon  a  particu- 
lar object.  Whatever  the  cause,  however, 
the  boy  did  not  throw  open  the  switch, 
and  the  death  of  the  man  repairing  was 
the  result. 

The  Importance  of  Insulation 

The  other  point  which  came  out  strong- 
ly indeed  in  the  discussion,  was  the  abso- 
lute importance  of  insulation.  In  a  large 
number  of  cases,  the  accident  could  be 
traced  directly  to  insulation  having  brok- 
en down.  One  case  that  was  reported  ' 
will  probably  illustrate  this.  A  joint  in, 
one  of  the  wires  of  a  high-tension  three- 
phase  motor  had  given  out,  and  an  elec- 
trician had  been  called  to  put  it  right.  He 
repaired  the  joint  and  covered  it  with 
some  jointing  tape.  Apparently  either  he 
made  the  joint  by  soldering,  using  salts 
for  a  flux,  and  leaving  some  of  the  salts 
I'pon  the  outside  of  the  joint,  or  there 
was  some  moisture  present  from  another 
cause,  or  again  the  tape  with  which  he 
covered  the  joint  was  cither  wet,  or  a  bad 
insulator.  After  making  and  covering  the 
joint,  he  started  the  motor,  which  was 
also  working  a  haulage  plant,  and  then 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


727 


left,  the  apparatus  apparently  working  all 
right. 

As  frequently  happens  with  electrical 
apparatus,  the  electrician  felt  doubtful  as 
to  whether  the  machine  would  go  on 
working.  I  have  had  the  same  feeling 
myself,  when  putting  in  an  electrical  ap- 
paratus in  the  early  days,  and  have  re- 
turned to  it  again  and  again,  to  make  sure 
that  it  continued  working.  In  the  present 
instance,  the  electrician  returned  to  the 
motor  and,  while  it  was  temporarily  stop- 
ped, while  the  journey  was  at  rest,  he 
proceeded  to  examine  the  joint,  being 
anxiousnaturally toseethatit was  all  right. 
He  seems  to  have  touched  the  joint  with 
his  hand,  receiving  nearly  the  full  pres- 
sure of  the  service,  and  was  killed.  This 
accident  forcibly  illustrates  the  im.port- 
ance  of  insulation,  and  the  importance  of 
rendering  everything  dead  before  you 
go  to  handle  conductors  through  which 
nigh-pressure  currents  pass  when  the  ap- 
paratus is  at  work. 

Several  accidents  are  reported,  some  of 
hem  fatal,  where  connection  has  been 
Tiade  between  a  conductor  carrying  a 
ngh- pressure  current,  and  some  per- 
ectly  innocent  conductor,  such  as  a  haul- 
ige  pulley,  a  girder,  a  haulage  rope,  a 
'racket,  or  something  of  that  kind.  The 
nnocent  conductor  which  has  first  made 
ontact  with  the  live  conductor,  becomes 
tself  alive,  and  in  its  turn  renders  every 
onductor  with  which  it  is  in  contact, 
Iso  alive.  Thus  the  haulage  pulley  and 
le  steel  girder  renders  the  rope  that  bears 
pon  it  or  rubs  against  it,  alive;  the  rope 
enders  the  iron  cars  to  which  it  may 
e  shackled  alive,  and  so  on.  The  result 
as  been  that  some  conductor  that  had 
pparently  no  connection  whatever  with 
le  electrical  service,  and  which  it  might 
e  supposed  could  be  touched  with  im- 
unity,  has  been  rendered  alive,  the  full 
ressure  of  the  service  existing  between 
and  the  tram  rails,  or  at  least  a  large 
ercentage  of  the  full  pressure,  and  some 
lan  touching  the  innocent  conductor 
ladvertently,  has  been  killed. 
Electric  signal  wires,  which  should 
ave  no  connection  whatever  with  the 
lectric  power  service,  have  been  con- 
eeted  to  it  in  some  such  way  as  this, 
nd  men  going  or  returning  from  their 
ork,  taking  hold  of  the  wires,  possibly 
ut  of  mischief,  possibly  to  help  them- 
ilves  along  a  steep  part  of  the  road, 
ave  received  shocks  and  been  killed. 

Cases  to  Illustrate 

Perhaps  the  following  cases  will  illus- 
ate  this:  In  the  early  days  of  electric 
ghting,  when  pressures  were  low,  65  to 
W  volts,  Mr.  Sopwith,  an  eminent  min- 
ig  engineer  of  Cannock  Chase,  had  in- 
'oduced  the  method  of  using  old  wire 
'pes  as  conductors.  He  insulated  them 
ith  coal  dust  and  pitch,  and  the  result 
las  apparently  satisfactory.  A  little  while 
fter  his  results  were  reported.  I  had 
xed  a  small  dynamo    for  lighting,  at  a 


colliery  on  the  side  of  one  of  the  Welsh 
mountains.  The  lights  were  only  placed 
on  the  surface  at  first.  The  engineer 
wished  to  take  them  down  the  pit,  and 
asked  my  opinion  as  to  the  use  of  some 
wire  ropes  that  had  been  fixed  tempo- 
rarily, as  guides,  during  the  sinking  of  the 
pit.  I  strongly  advised  that  it  should  not 
be  done.  He  thought  otherwise,  and  made 
use  of  them,  running  insulated  wires  from 
the  naked  wire  ropes  in  the  shaft,  into 
the  workings.  He  then  wrote  to  me  in 
triumph,  asking  me  to  come  up  and  see 
them.  I  went  up,  and  went  down  the  pit 
with  him.  The  lights  were  burning  all 
right,  but  we  were  very  soon  favored  with 
a  display  of  fireworks.  The  lights  would 
go  out,  fireworks  being  displayed  at  the 
pit  bottom,  then  would  go  in  again.  The 
cause  of  the  trouble  was  the  wire  ropes 
which  were  touching  galvanized-iron 
sheets  occasionally,  and  an  iron  pipe 
which  ran  into  the  workings,  also  touched 
them  occasionally,  and  apparently  one  of 
the  conductors  in  the  workings  was  in 
connection  with  the  iron  pipe.  When  the 
three  connections  were  made  at  the  same 
moment,  which  might  happen  at  any  time, 
with  the  vibration  of  the  ascending  and 
descending  cage,  the  service  was  short 
circuited,  the  lights  went  out,  the  fire- 
works followed  when  the  short  circuit  was 
broken,  and  the  lights  came  in  again. 
There  was  no  gas  at  the  pit  bottom,  and 
the  pressure,  which  was  only  100  volts 
continuous  current,  did  not  cause  any- 
body any  harm.  With  500  volts,  however, 
or  the  high  pressures  that  are  now  em- 
ployed, serious  results  might  have  en- 
sued. 

Another  Case  In  a  Warwickshire 
Colliery 

Another  case  which  occurred  in  a  War- 
wickshire colliery  is,  I  think  very  instruc- 
tive. It  occurred  some  years  ago,  but 
something  similar  has  happened  in  other 
collieries  quite  recently.  There  was  an 
electrically  driven  dip  pump.  It  had  been 
moved  on  from  time  to  time,  and,  cable 
running  short,  the  delivery  pipe  of  the 
pump  had  been  used  for  a  return  for  part 
of  the  distance.  At  a  certain  part  of  the 
road,  by  the  side  of  which  the  two  wires 
ran,  and  which  was  very  wet,  some  men 
were  engaged  one  day  widening  the  road. 
Steel  girders  were  employed  as  beams, 
and  one  of  them,  when  the  prop  was 
knocked  out  from  under  it,  had  caught 
against  the  covered  wire,  its  sharp  edge 
cutting  through  the  insulation  of  the  wire, 
and  making  connection  with  the  conduc- 
tor. The  men  were  working  in  the  usual 
half-naked  condition  that  is  common  in 
some  pits.  Their  feet  were  also  very  wet, 
standing  in  running  water.  One  of  the 
men  caught  hold  of  the  girder  to  pull  it 
clear,  and  received  a  shock,  .'\nother  man 
caught  hold  of  him  by  his  naked  body,  to 
pull  him  off,  and  also  received  a  shock. 
The  first  man  was  killed. 

Another  case  that  occurred  in  Scotland 


quite  recently,  is  I  think  also  instructive. 
A  coal-cutting  machine  was  working  on  a 
longwall  face,  and  the  usual  flexible 
trailing  cable  connected  its  motor  with  a 
gate-end  switch  box.  The  trailing  cable 
passed  through  a  hole  in  the  case  of  the 
motor,  to  the  terminals  of  the  coils  in- 
side. The  hole  in  the  motor  should  have 
been  bushed  with  some  insulating  mate- 
rial, but  the  equivalent  was  done,  a  piece 
of  rubber  tube  was  slipped  over  the  cable, 
where  it  passed  through  the  hole.  Rubber 
tubing  unfortunately  perishes,  and  this 
did  so.  The  flexible  trailing  cable  is  also 
sometimes  pulled  rather  tight.  The  result 
at  any  rate  was,  one  of  the  conductors  of 
the  cable,  I  think  it  was  a  three-phase, 
came  into  connection  with  the  case  of  the 
motor.  The  sharp  edge  of  the  hole  in  the 
case  cut  through  the  rubber  tube,  and  the 
insulating  envelop  of  the  cable.  The 
case  of  the  motor  and  all  that  was  con- 
nected with  it,  including  the  wire  haulage 
rope,  became  alive,  and  when  a  laborer 
proceeded  to  take  the  haulage  rope  out 
ahead,  for  the  next  run,  he  received  a 
shock  which  killed  him. 

Armored  Versus   Unarmored  Cables 

As  indicated  above,  there  is  consider- 
able difference  of  opinion  even  between 
experts,  upon  the  question  whether  a 
cable  should  he  armored  or  not.  My  own 
view  is,  that  armor  should  only  be  used  in 
special  cases,  and  that  the  money  spent 
upon  armor,  which  is  considerable,  would 
be  much  better  employed  in  giving  greater 
thickness  of  insulation,  and  that  the  in- 
sulators might  be  protected,  almost  as 
well  as  by  armor,  by  materials  that  are 
not  conductors.  The  argument  for  armor 
is,  that  it  protects  from  comparatively 
small  falls,  and  that  if  the  armor  is  driven 
through  the  insulation,  on  to  the  conduc- 
tor, the  fuse  will  blow  and  the  conductor 
be  made  dead.  Unfortunately  there  is  a 
weak  point  in  this  argument.  -Assuming 
the  armor  to  be  earthed  say  at  the  pit 
bottom  and  the  pit  top,  and  that  the  armor 
remains  intact  everywhere,  good  protec- 
tion is  given  in  every  way,  because  the 
armor  itself  being  at  the  pressure  of  the 
earth,  a  man  cannot  get  a  shock  by  grasp- 
ing it.  This  supposes,  however,  that  the 
conductivity  of  the  armor,  right  up  to  the 
face,  is  equal  to  carrying  the  whole  of 
any  leakage  current  that  may  pass  through 
it,  without  appreciable  charge  upon  the 
pressure.  With  well  made  cables,  and 
well  armored,  this  is  usually  insured. 
The  weak  point  is,  when  falls  occur,  the 
cable  and  the  armor  are  both  parted. 

With  the  three-core  cables  that  are  now 
commonly  used  for  transmitting  three- 
phase  alternating  currents,  the  jointing  of 
the  three  cores  is  in  itself  a  somewhat 
troublesome  affair.  It  is  necessary  that 
the  three  joints  shall  be  kept  well  apart, 
as  the  insulation  of  each  individual  joint 
cannot  be  made  anything  like  as  good  as 
the  original  cable.  Hence  the  length  of 
the  whole  joint  may  be  considerable.  Then 


728 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


conies  the  question  of  jointing  the  armor, 
or  of  bridging  it  over,  and  in  such  a  man- 
ner that  the  point  in  the  armor  will  not 
make  an  appreciable  charge  upon  the 
pressure,  if  the  armor  becomes  alive.  This 
is  very  difficult  indeed  to  insure. 

Time  for  making  joints  is  often  very 
limited.  The  convenience  for  making 
joints  is  still  more  limited.  A  good  deal 
is  being  done  by  using  joint  boxes,  but 
they  are  heavy,  and  when,  as  in  many 
collieries,  falls  are  frequent,  it  would  be 
difficult  indeed  to  have  a  large  number  of 
them.  Consequently  the  jointing  of  the 
armor  is  often  not  done,  or  done  so  badly, 
that  the  armor  beyond  the  joint  has  very 
little  connection  with  that  between  the 
joint  and  the  pit  bottom.  The  result  is, 
that  if  connection  is  made  between  one  of 
the  conductors  and  the  armor,  beyond  the 
joint,  the  armor  is  alive,  and  it  is  a 
greater  danger  than  under  ordinary  condi- 
tions, because  workmen  would  suppose 
that  it  was  dead,  whereas  it  would  be 
alive,  and  if  grasped,  would  kill. 

Two  Methods  for  Avoiding  the  Liabil- 
ity OF  Shock 

Several  methods  are  being  arranged  to 
overcome  this  difficulty.  Two  that  were 
mentioned  as  being  employed  at  a  couple 
of  the  leading  collieries  in  South  Wales 
are  worth  mentioning.  In  one,  where  the 
roads  are  very  long,  some  two  miles  from 
the  pit  bottom,  good  old  wire  ropes,  of 
sufficient  sectional  area  to  carry  the  whole 
of  any  leakage  current  without  appreci- 
able charge  upon  the  pressure,  are  laid 
by  the  side  of  the  road,  and  are  bonded 
to  every  joint  box,  and  to  the  armor  at 
frequent  intervals.  This,  to  my  mind, 
which  is  carried  out  at  Messrs.  Nixon's 
Navigation  Collieries  at  Mountain  Ash,  is 
the  very  best  method  that  could  be  devised. 

In  another  large  colliery,  galvanized 
strand  wire,  similar  to  that  used  for  me- 
chanical signals,  is  run  along  by  the  side 
of  the  cable  and  is  connected  to  the  ar- 
mor at  different  points  in  the  same  way. 
In  both  cases  the  old  wire  rope  and  the 
galvanized  strand  are  earthed  at  the  pit 
bottom  and  pit  top.  This  plan  does  not 
appear  to  me  so  good  as  the  one  with  the 
old  wire  rope.  One  caution  should  be 
given,  however,  in  connection  with  the 
use  of  old  wire  ropes.  It  is  not  so  neces- 
sary with  modern  wire  ropes  as  with 
some  of  the  earlier  forms.  An  old  wire 
rope  of  the  earlier  form  was  a  bundle 
of  wires  in  short  lengths,  held  together 
merely  by  the  twist,  and  with  often  a 
quantity  of  rust  between  individual  wires 
and  sometimes  a  quantity  of  grease. 
Such  a  rope  would  have  a  very  high 
electrical  resistance,  because  the  only 
conducting  path  would  be  from  wire  to 
wire,  across  the  layer  of  rust  or  grease, 
there  being  an  enormous  number  of  such 
paths.  In  modern  wire  ropes,  the  wear 
is  more  even,  particularly  in  the  locked- 
coil  and  fiattened-strand  forms,  so  that 
an  old  wire  rope  would  have   fair  con- 


ductivity. I  gather  from  Mr.  Stone,  the 
electrical  engineer  of  Messrs.  Nixon's 
Navigation  collieries,  that  he  was  care- 
ful to  obtain  a  good  wire  rope  and  that 
its  electrical  resistance  was  low. 

The  Use  of  Water  Pipes  for  Earth 
Connection 

Another  point  that  came  up  in  the  dis- 
cussion was  the  question  of  the  use  of 
water  pipes  for  earth  connection.  The 
general  feeling  was  one  of  strong  con- 
demnation, though  I  understand  that  the 
method  has  been  used  in  at  least  one 
large  colliery,  the  precaution  being  taken 
to  insure  that  the  pipes  used  are  always 
full  of  water.  Water  pipes  do  not  make 
good  conductors  unless  they  are  fairly 
large,  and  are  constantly  full  of  water. 
The  reason  is,  a  good  watertight  joint, 
between  two  lengths  of  pipes  is  often  a 
bad  electrical  joint.  Rubber  is  often 
used  to  insure  obtaining  a  good  water- 
tight joint  and  even  where  rubber  is  not 
used,  the  electrical  connection  between 
two  lengths  of  pipes  is  often  bad.  The 
great  danger  of  the  use  of  water  pipes 
is,  the  possibility  that  one  portion  of  the 
pipe  may  become  alive,  while  it  is  sup- 
posed to  be  dead,  another  portion  being 
dead,  and  that  men  who  go  to  handle  the 
live  portion,  for  repairs  say,  under  the 
impression  that  it  is  dead,  may  receive 
fatal  shocks. 

Medium  Insulation  versus  High 
Tension 

Another  point  that  was  earnestly  dis- 
cussed at  the  meetings  of  the  South 
Wales  branch  was  the  question  of  the 
pressure  that  should  be  employed.  With 
the  increasing  distances  over  which  pow- 
er has  to  be  transmitted  in  mines,  and 
with  the  increasing  amounts  of  power 
required  at  the  end  of  the  transmission 
line,  either  high  tensions  must  be  em- 
ployed, or  the  cables  must  be  large.  At 
Nixon's  Navigation  collieries,  where  it  is 
boasted  that  no  accidents  have  taken 
place,  high  tension  is  employed  for  trans- 
mitting the  power  from  the  generating 
station  to  the  neighborhood  of  each  col- 
liery, but  nothing  above  550  volts  is  em- 
ployed in  the  pit.  With  the  long  roads 
at  Nixon's  collieries,  the  cables  are  ne- 
cessarily large,  but  Mr.  Stone,  the  elec- 
trical engineer,  stated  that  he  had  worked 
out  the  question  and  that  he  had  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  notwithstanding  the 
increased  size  of  cable,  it  was  more  eco- 
nomical to  employ  550  volts  pressure, 
than  the  higher  pressures  employed  in 
other  collieries.  The  higher  pressures 
demand  a  considerably  increased  expend- 
iture for  higher  insulation.  The  higher 
pressures  also  bring  increased  chances  of 
shock,  and  taking  all  these  things  into 
consideration,  he  decided  to  adopt  what 
is  known  by  the  home  office,  as  medium 
pressure.  At  other  collieries,  pressures 
of  2000  and  3000  volts  are  employed, 
and  they  claim  equal  immunity,  but  it  is 


doubtful  to  my  mind,  if  the  claim  can 
be  substantiated. 

The   Material   Used  for   Insulation 

Rubber  remains  a  favorite  for  insula- 
tion. It  is  the  material  which  1  certainly 
prefer,  but  there  are  two  objections  to 
the  use  of  rubber.  It  is  much  more  ex- 
pensive than  the  other  substances,  and  it 
is  difficult  to  insure  that  you  have  good 
rubber.  The  rubber  boom  which  has  re- 
cently taken  place  is  due  entirely  to  the 
fact  of  the  enormous  demand  for  rubber 
produced  by  the  automobile  movement, 
with  the  pneumatic  and  other  tires  that 
are  so  universally  employed,  and  the  large 
demands  made  for  it  for  the  insulation  of 
cables.  There  are  two  kinds  of  rubber, 
which  may  be  broadly  described  as  good 
and  bad.  The  bad  is  tending  to  go  out  of 
the  market,  with  the  development  of  rub- 
ber plantations,  and  the  putting  on  the 
market  of  large  quantities  of  good  rubber, 
but  a  few  years  ago  the  value  of  bad 
rubber,  which  came  almost  entirely  from 
West  Africa,  was  about  one-fifth  that 
of  the  good  rubber,  which  came  from 
South  America,  and  was  known  as  "para." 
The  principal  difference  was  really  in  the 
method  of  preparing  the  crude  product. 
The  natives  of  South  America  had  car- 
ried out  the  practice  for  a  considerable 
period,  of  preparing  the  crude  rubber, 
the  juice  of  the  rubber  tree,  over  a  fire 
of  nuts  that  grow  in  the  district,  the 
smoke  of  which  killed  a  particular  mi- 
crobe that  harbors  in  the  rubber.  If 
the  microbe  is  not  killed,  the  rubber 
when  prepared  for  use  in  the  factory,  is 
more  or  less  of  a  treacly  mass,  whereas 
the  properly  prepared  rubber  from  the 
Amazon  district,  is  in  the  hard  form  thai 
everyone  is  familiar  with,  that  can  be  cui 
by  a  knife.  When  worked  up  into  insu- 
lating material  for  cables,  however 
there  is  no  apparent  difference  between 
them,  and  there  is  no  known  test  tha 
will  distinguish  between  a  cable  insu 
lated  with  bad  and  with  good  rubber.  Tht 
consequence  is,  that  the  English  marke 
was  flooded  with  a  large  quantity  o 
cable,  at  a  low  price,  insulated  with  thi 
inferior  material,  and  the  cables  usuall; 
gave  out  in  from  a  year  to  two  years 
while  those  insulated  with  good  rubbe 
would  last  for  a  great  many  years,  ex 
cept  under  special  conditions.  One  hear 
very  little  of  bad  rubber  now,  but  gooi' 
rubber  has  increased  enormously  in  price. 
Even  after  the  boom  has  passed,  thi 
price  still  remains  about  double  tha 
which  ruled  when  I  made  my  inquiry  inti 
the  whole  question. 

Rubber  Is  Injured  by  Dampness 

Rubber  also  does  not  behave  well  ii 
the  presence  of  wet,  nor  of  oil.  Th' 
gums  of  which  rubber  is  composed,  oxi 
dize  freely  in  the  presence  of  moist 
ure.  Good  rubber,  however,  and  wit 
cables  having  a  good  thickness  of  pur 
and    vulcanized    nibber,   the    whole  vul 


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


729 


canized  together,  so  as  to  form  one  con- 
tinuous sheath,  forms  even  now  the  very 
best  insulator  that  can  be  had.  In  my 
opinion,  the  rubber  covering  should  be 
thick.  Cables  which  I  put  into  shafts  in 
Monmouthshire  II  years  ago,  having  a 
radial  thickness  of  'A  in.,  I  was  informed 
the  other  day,  are  still  in  use,  and  doing 
their  work  well. 

Bitumen  has  very  largely  taken  the 
place  of  rubber,  though  its  insulation  re- 
sistance is  much  lower  than  that  of  rub- 
ber, from  1,  10  to  1/20  the  insulation. 
The  manufacture  of  bitumen,  and  the 
method  of  placing  it  upon  the  conductor 
has  been  enormously  improved  during  the 
last  20  years,  with  the  result  that  it  has 
been  largely  emplo\'ed  in  mines.  One 
great  danger  attendant  on  its  use  is,  the 
possibility  of  its  softening,  in  case  a 
large  current  passes  through  the  conduc- 
tor it  is  protecting,  the  conductor  then 
usually  becoming  decentralized,  and  the 
insulation  resistance,  and  the  resistance 
to  sparking  on  the  side  to  which  the 
conductor  has  moved,  being  considerably 
reduced. 

A  form  of  bitumen  insulation  known  as 
"dialite"  was  introduced  some  years  ago, 
and  I  understand  has  done  very  well, 
though  one  hears  iittle  of  it  now.  The 
melting  point  of  dialite  is  much  higher 
than  that  of  ordinary  vulcanized  bitumen, 
and  it  is  less  liable  to  oxidation  in  wet 
situations. 

Paper  Covered  Cables 

Paper-covered  cables  have  also  been 
introduced  to  a  considerable  extent  in 
mines,  principally  for  three-phase  high- 
tension  services.  The  insulating  envelop 
of  a  cable  has  to  perform  two  offices.  It 
must  prevent  the  egress  of  current  in 
the  form  of  leakage,  and  it  must  also 
prevent  the  passage  of  a  spark  between 
the  conductor,  and  any  other  conductor  in 
its  neighborhood.  Sparks  tend  to  pass 
between  the  three  conductors  of  a  three- 
cored  cable  for  instance,  and  from  each 
conductor  to  the  lead  covering,  or  to  the 
armor.  The  oil  impregnated  paper  used 
in  paper-covered  cables  offers  a  high  re- 
sistance to  sparking,  higher  than  either, 
rubber  or  bitumen,  and  hence  it  is  of 
Rreat  value  for  high-tension  services. 
Pressures  of  2000  and  3000  volts  are 
now  quite  common  in  British  mines,  and 
there  are  cases  where  5000  and  6000 
volts  are  employed.  With  alternating 
currents,  a  pressure  of  6000  volts  means 
a  sparking  pressure  of  16,800  volts,  un- 
der ordinary  conditions,  and  a  probable 
sparking  pressure,  when  changes  take 
place  in  the  circuit,  as  when  a  large 
machine  is  switched  off,  that  may  be  as 
great  as  30,000  volts.  Hence  the  re- 
sistance to  sparking  is  of  great  import- 
ance. If  once  a  spark  passes  from  core 
to  core,  or  more,  from  core  to  lead 
Isheath  or  armor,  considerable  danger  to 
life  may   result. 

The  weak  point  of  paper-covered  cables 


is  the  fact  that  if  only  a  pin  hole  is 
made  in  the  lead  covering,  the  moisture 
that  enters  may  break  down  the  whole  of 
the  insulation  of  the  cable.  It  is  neces- 
sary in  fact  to  provide  the  ends  of  paper- 
covered  cables  with  caps,  to  exclude  the 
moisture  that  would  enter  and  creep  up 
the  cable.  The  material  used  for  insu- 
lation of  cables  has  an  important  bear- 
ing upon  the  matter  of  shock,  because  a 
large  number  of  the  shocks  that  have 
taken  place  can  be  traced  to  a  break- 
down of  insulation  at  some  part  of  the 
system,  followed  by  a  connection  between 
live  conductors,  and  some  of  the  metals 
used  about  the  mine  for  other  purposes. 

The  Effects  of  the  Shock  Itself 
One  of  the  most  important  results  of 
the  discussion  we  had  at  the  South  Wales 
Branch  of  the  Institution  of  Mining  Elec- 
trical Engineers  was,  the  experience 
given  by  different  members,  who  had 
either  received  shocks  themselves,  or  who 
had  witnessed  the  results  of  shocks  upon 
others,  as  to  the  effects  of  the  shock. 
There  has  been  a  common  impression 
among  electrical  men  generally,  and 
probably  the  impression  is  widespread, 
that  if  a  man  receives  a  shock,  and  is 
not  killed,  he  suffers  very  little  after- 
ward. The  common  idea  has  been,  that 
a  man  might  be  knocked  down  by  a 
shock,  and  get  up  and  go  away  and  be 
all  right;  that  he  might  even  be  rendered 
unconscious  for  a  time,  but  when  brought 
to,  he   would   again  be   all   right. 

The  experiences  given  at  our  discus- 
sions showed  how  very  erroneous  this 
idea  is.  One  case  that  illustrates  the 
matter  very  forcibly  was  related  by  Mr. 
Stone,  of  Nixon's  Navigation  collieries. 
He  was  watching  an  alternator  being 
tested,  the  pressure  was  440  volts.  A 
workman  had  left  a  bit  of  waste  on  one 
of  the  terminals,  and  without  thinking, 
Mr.  Stone  took  hold  of  the  waste  to 
remove  it.  As  he  expressed  it,  before 
he  realized  what  he  had  done,  he  was 
lying  on  his  back  in  a  corner  of  the  en- 
gine house,  having  been  thrown  there  by 
the  shock,  and  having  struck  his  head  a 
violent  blow.  He  got  up,  however,  and 
apparently  felt  no  worse.  He  went  home, 
and  a  little  later  he  was  taken  violently 
sick  and  had  to  stay  in  bed  three  days. 
He  could  not  keep  anything  down  for 
that  time,  and  as  he  expressed  it,  when 
he  got  up  he  felt  as  if  he  had  had  a 
bout  with  a  prize  fighter.  Every  muscle 
ached.  He  felt  the  effects  for  some  time 
afterward. 

Another  Case  of  Shock 
Another  case  was  related  by  the  man- 
ager of  another  colliery.  His  son  had 
charge  of  the  electrical  appliances,  and 
was  attending  to  a  transformer  that  was 
placed  some  distance  above  the  ground, 
and  had  to  be  reached  by  a  ladder.  No 
one  knew  how  the  accident  occurred,  but 
they  found  him  lying  at  the  foot  of  the 
ladder   unconscious.      Evidently    he    had 


touched  some  portion  of  the  apparatus 
that  was  alive,  and  had  received  a  shock. 
They  worked  over  him  for  a  long  time, 
using  the  ordinary  methods  for  resusci- 
tation, similar  to  those  employed  on  per- 
sons that  are  apparently  drowned,  be- 
fore obtaining  any  result.  Finally  a  slight 
return  to  consciousness  was  obtained,  and 
his  father  managed  to  get  him  to  take 
some  warm  liquid.  This  apparently 
caused  him  to  vomit,  and  to  regain  con- 
sciousness for  a  short  time.  He  asked 
his  father  how  it  came  about,  and  then 
immediately  went  off  to  sleep.  He  slept 
for  a  considerable  time,  and  when  he 
awoke  had  no  recollection  of  anything 
that  had  happened.  During  consciousness 
he  told  his  father  that  something  hit  him 
a  violent  blow. 

An  Unusual  Accident 

A  case  which  I  investigated  a  few 
years  ago,  not  at  a  mine,  but  in  which  the 
workman  of  an  iion  works  was  killed, 
may  be  of  interest.  The  accident  oc- 
curred at  a  music  hall  in  Attercliffe,  a 
suburb  of  Sheffield,  largely  inhabited  by 
workmen.  The  music  hall  was  fitted 
with  electric  lights,  alternating  current, 
at  200  volts.  There  was  a  bracket  car- 
rying a  lamp  fixed  upon  a  wall  in  the 
lavatory.  Two  men  who  were  engaged  at 
Vickers  Sons  S;  Maxims,  in  connection 
with  the  electrical  plant  (they  were  prac- 
tically electrical  laborers,  with  very  little 
knowledge  of  electricity)  happened  to  go 
into  the  lavatory  of  the  music  hall,  and 
one  of  them  made  a  grab  at  the  lamp 
bracket.  The  wires  supplying  the  lamp 
were  carried  inside  of  the  tube  forming 
the  bracket,  and  the  man  pulling  the 
bracket  down,  must  have  caused  the 
edge  of  the  tube  to  cut  through  the  insu- 
lation of  the  wire.  The  result  was  that 
the  bracket  itself  became  alive,  and  the 
man  received  a  shock  which  caused  the 
muscles  of  his  hand  to  contract,  and  he 
was  not  able  to  let  go.  His  friend  tried 
to  pull  him  off  and  himself  received  a 
shock.  He  succeeded,  however,  in  pull- 
ing him  down,  but  brought  his  head  vio- 
lently on  to  the  concrete  with  which  the 
lavatory  was  floored.  The  man  died,  but 
there  was  no  post-mortem  examination, 
and  practically  no  effort  to  see  what  the 
actual  cause  was.  I  happened  to  be  in 
Sheffield  at  the  time,  and  investigated 
the  nutter  at  the  music  hall.  I  also 
communicated  with  the  coroner.  The  im- 
pression I  formed  at  the  time  was  that 
the  man  was  killed,  not  by  electric  shock, 
but  by  concussion  of  the  brain  pro- 
duced by  the  violent  fall.  I  mention  this 
matter  because  it  appears  to  me  that 
the  secondary  effects  of  a  shock  are  often 
of  even  more  consequence  than  the  pri- 
mary. In  a  mine  a  man  may  receive  a 
shock  which  throws  him  in  the  way  of 
moving  machinery,  say  under  a  mov- 
ing tram,  or  something  of  that  kind.  I 
understand  that  rather  a  large  num.ber  of 
accidents  have  been  caused  in  this  way. 


730 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  IPIO. 


"ill  PERSONAL    \[i\ 


Mining  and  metallurgical  engineers  are  in- 
vited to  iieep  The  Excixeebixg  and  Mixing 
JoiRNAi.  informed  of  their  movements  and 
ai)pointments. 


C.  E.  Race,  formerly  of  Rossland,  B.C., 

is  now  in  Mexico. 

James  W.  Abbott,  of  Pioclie,  Nev.,  has 
been  in  Los  Angeles. 

J.  K.  Turner,  of  Goldfield,  Nev.,  has 
been  visiting  the  mines  at  Ely. 

Irving  E.  Slater,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
is  on  a  visit  to  British  Columbia. 

Hector  McRae.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
has  gone  to  the  state  of  Chiapas,  Mexico. 

A.  D.  Myers  recently  returned  to  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  from  a  trip  to  Nevada  and 
Utah. 

Colonel  John  Carson  has  returned  to 
Montreal  after  a  three-months  visit  to 
Europe. 

B.  F.  Fackenthal,  Jr.,  has  been  re- 
elected president  of  the  Thomas  Iron 
Company. 

K.  C.  Parrish  has  returned  from  Co- 
lumbia, South  America  and  will  be  until 
Nov.  1  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

P.  A.  Alig,  mining  engineer,  of  Honda, 
Colombia,  is  stopping  at  the  Hotel  Bres- 
lin.  New  York,  for  a  few  weeks. 

Charles  C.  Brackin  recently  returned  to 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  from  New  Mexico, 
where  he  made  several  examinations. 

Desaix  B.  Myers,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
will  be  in  Philadelphia  Oct.  1  to  Oct.  15, 
and  will  return  about  Oct.  22  to  Los 
Angeles. 

C.  McK.  Campbell,  mining  engineer  at 
the  Granby  mines.  Phoenix,  has  returned  to 
British  Columbia  from  a  holiday  visit  to 
Montreal. 

L.  W.  Haselman  has  been  appointed 
controller  of  the  Lackawanna  Steel  Com- 
pany, Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  place  of  Marshall 
Lapham,  resigned. 

Samuel  Lewisohn  has  been  elected  a 
director  of  the  Kerr  Lake  Mining  Com- 
pany, Cobalt,  Ont.,  in  place  of  B.  B. 
Lawrence,  retired. 

William  H.  Radford,  who  has  been  in 
Siberia  for  several  months,  is  on  his  way 
home,  and  is  expected  in  San  Francisco 
about  the  middle  of  October. 

E.  C.  Felton,  president  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Steel  Company,  has  returned  to 
Philadelphia  after  a  vacation  of  several 
weeks  spent  in  Massachusetts. 

T.  N.  Keeler,  of  Chicago,  recently  vis- 
ited Birmingham,  Ala.,  to  inspect  property 
in  the  Warrior  coalfield,  recently  pur- 
chased by  a  Chicago  syndicate. 

A.  R.  Reiche,  president  of  the  Orcn- 
stein-Arthur  Koppel  Company,  Pittsburg, 
sailed  from  New  York  for  Germany,  Sept. 
17,  expecting  to  be  absent  several  months. 


G.  H.  Jones,  vice-president  of  the  In- 
land Steel  Company,  Chicago,  has  re- 
turned from  a  visit  to  his  old  home  in 
England  and  a  short  tour  of  the  Conti- 
nent. 

John  Markle,  a  well  known  independ- 
ent anthracite  operator,  has  returned,  to 
this  country  from  Europe,  where  he  has 
been  under  treatment  for  an  affection  of 
the  eyes. 

A.  Fournier,  Kaslo,  B.  C,  manager  for 
the  Selkirk  Mines,  Ltd.,  has  lately,  after 
some  delay,  received  from  France  the 
Medal  of  Merit  for  10  years'  distinguished 
service  in  the  French  army. 

James  M.  Piatt,  who  has  been  at  Mina 
el  Refugio,  in  the  State  of  San  Luis  Potosi 
for  the  past  five  months,  has  returned 
to  Los  Arcos,  State  of  Mexico,  to  take 
charge  of  the  Arcos  mining  operations  at 
Sultepec  and  Zacualpam. 

W.  G.  Ireland,  formerly  chief  chemist 
and  manager  of  the  foundry  department 
of  Gulick-Henderson  &  Co.,  Pittsburg,  is 
now  connected  with  the  Jamison  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  Pittsburg.  J.  F.  Esperon 
succeeds  Mr.  Ireland  in  his  old  position. 

L.  F.  Loree,  president  of  the  Delaware 
&  Hudson  Company,  has  been  elected  a 
director  of  the  New  York,  Ontario  & 
Western  Railroad  Company.  This  elec- 
tion has  given  rise  to  reports  of  some 
agreement  between  these  two  anthracite 
roads. 

W.  H.  Woodward.  Birmingham,  Ala., 
has  been  chosen  president  of  the  Warrior 
Coal  and  Fuel  Company,  in  place  of 
Walter  Moore,  resigned.  C.  E.  Morgan 
has  been  chosen  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  company,  to  succeed  Charles 
Simmons. 

C.  S.  Stevenson,  formerly  assistant  in 
mining  engineering  at  Ohio  State  Uni- 
versity, and  for  the  past  year  with  the 
Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Com- 
pany at  Birmingham,  Ala.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed instructor  in  mining  engineering 
at  the  University  of  Illinois. 

S.  H.  P.  Pell,  secretary  of  the  Inter- 
national Nickel  Company,  has  resigned 
and  has  been  succeeded  by  James  L. 
Ashley,  who  is  now  both  secretary  and 
treasurer.  S.  S.  Jordan,  formerly  with 
the  Orford  Copper  Company,  has  been 
named  assistant  secretary  of  the  Inter- 
national company. 

Carl  Scholz,  president  of  the  Rock  Is- 
land Coal  Company,  started  from  Chi- 
cago last  week  on  a  trip  which  will  take 
in  the  leading  coal  mines  of  Europe. 
He  goes  on  a  special  mission,  as  an  engi- 
neering expert,  to  study  the  general  safety 
of  mines.  Mr.  Scholz  was  requested  to 
undertake  this  work  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Holmes, 
chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines.  The  study 
of  Mr.  Scholz  in  mines  abroad  will  in- 
clude methods  of  preventing  and  fighting 
mine  fires,  but  will  extend  beyond  that  to 
a  general  consideration  of  the  safety  of 
mines. 


+     OB  ITUARV   i  + 


George  Poole,  president  of  the  Poole 
Engineering  and  Machine  Company, 
Baltimore,  died  Sept.  23,  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  where  he  had  been  for  the  pur- 
pose of  recuperating  from  a  nervous 
breakdown.  He  was  54  years  old.  He  suc- 
ceeded his  father.  Robert  Poole,  deceased, 
as  president  of  the  Robert  Poole  &  Son 
Company,  changing  the  name  of  the  con- 
cern. Robert  Poole  &  Son  Company  was 
the  successor  of  the  firm  of  Poole  &  Hunt, 
who  were  noted  for  the  manufacture  of 
special  machinery,  including  mining  and 
smelting  machinery. 


^  SOCIETIESam/TECHNlCAL  SCHOOLS 


Eastern  Oregon  Mining  Congress — A 
meeting  of  mining  men  and  others  in- 
terested in  local  mining  will  be  held  in 
Sumter,  Oregon,  Oct.  20  and  21.  A  large 
local  attendance  is  expected,  and  it  is 
hoped  to  secure  an  outside  attendance 
also;  the  object  being  to  call  general  at- 
tention to  the  possibilities  of  the  min- 
ing region  of  eastern  Oregon. 

Pennsylvania  State  College— \n  the 
School  of  Mines  of  Pennsylvania  State 
College  the  following  appointments  have 
been  made:  H.  D.  Pallister,  formerly 
mining  engineer  with  the  Chisos  Mining 
Company,  Terlingua,  Tex.,  and  later  in- 
structor in  mathematics,  Case  School  of 
Appliance  Science,  has  been  appointed  in- 
structor in  metallurgy;  Victor  Ziegler,  of 
Iowa  University  and  Columbia  Universi- 
ty, instructor  in  geology  and  mineralogy. 

American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute — 
Referring  to  the  visit  of  the  American 
Iron  and  Steel  Institute  to  Pittsburg,  Oct. 
20  and  21,  a  committee  of  arrangements 
has  been  appointed,  consisting  of  W.  L. 
King,  vice  president  of  the  Jones  & 
Laughlin  Steel  Company,  chairman;  A. 
C.  Dinkey,  president  of  the  Carnegie 
Steel  Company,  and  T.  W.  Guthrie,  presi- 
dent of  the  Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Com- 
pany. This  committee  has  appointed  a 
subcommittee,  which  will  have  in  charge 
the  preparation  of  the  program.  It  is 
proposed  to  have  an  excursion  up  the 
Monongahela  river,  and  also  to  visit  a 
number  of  the  leading  manufacturinp 
plants. 

At  the  opening  meeting  in  New  York 
there  will  be  four  speakers:  W.  B.  Dick- 
son, first  vice-president  of  the  Unitec 
States  Steel  Corporation,  who  will  discus; 
economic  labor  conditions  in  the  iroi 
and  steel  industry,  with  special  applies 
tion  to  the  seven-day  week;  James  A 
Farrell,  president  of  the  United  State: 
Steel  Exports  Company,  on  "Foreign  Re 
lations;"  Willis  L.  King,  vice-president  o 
the  Jones  &  Laughlin  Steel  Company,  oi 
"Contract  Obligations;"  and  Charle 
Kirchoff,  on  "The  Internation"'  Metallur 
gical  Congress  at  Diisseldorf 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


731 


Reports     From    Our    Own     Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Many      Imp  o  rt  ant 
^     Mining     Centers    of     theWorld       -^        -^ 


San  Francisco 


Oct.  1— In  April,  1910.  the  Government 
Dtified  the  Bully  Hill  Copper  and  Smelt- 
ig  Company  that  its  smelting  operations 
ust  cease  on  July  1,  or  injunction  would 
;  sought,  because  the  smoke  was  dam- 
ping the  timber  in  the  National   forests, 
s  the  company  could  not  possibly  install 
smoke-consuming  device  in  that  period 
f  time,  when  the  fixed  date  arrived  smelt- 
,g  operations  ceased,  after  having  been 
irried  on  for  about  10  years.     About  400 
en  were  thrown  out  of  work,  but  it  was 
ipposed  the  company  would  eventually 
jt  in  a  baghouse  and  resume  smelting. 
ow,  however,  it  seems  that  the  company 
IS    decided     not    to     attempt     to     op- 
ate    its    smeltery    again    and    is    pull- 
g     up     the     tracks,      removing     ma- 
linery  and  curtailing  its  mining  opera- 
ons  almost  to  the  point  of  entire  stop- 
ige.     It  was  thought  that  ore   from  the 
ully  Hill  mines,  at  Winthrop,  would  be 
lipped    to    the    Balaklala    company,    at 
oram,  but  the  Farmer's  Protective  Asso- 
ation  of  Shasta  County   has  shut   that 
ant    down    until    the    Cottrell    process 
ant  is  completed,  and  this  will  take  sev- 
al  months.     Negotiations  were   carried 
1  also  with  the  Mammoth  company,  at 
jnnett,  with  regard  to  smelting  ore  from 
illy  Hill,  but  the  parties  d.d  not  agree 
to  terms.    The  Mammoth  company  has 
■■.  baghouse   in  operation   and  continues 
lelting.     It  may  be  that  the  Bully  Hill 
mpany  has  finally  arranged  to  have  the 
ammoth  company  handle  its  ores,  but 
ithing   definite    is   ascertainable    at   this 
ne   on    this   point.      Letters    from    em- 
oyees  at  the  mine,  however,  indicate  a 
:neral    stoppage    of    operations.       The 
osing  of  the  smelteries  has  had  a  dis- 
trous  effect  on  mining  in  Shasta  county, 
hundreds   of   small   mines   heretofore 
rnishing  fluxing  ores,  now  have  no  mar- 
t  for  their  ores  and  have  no  reduction 
ants  of  their  own.     The  copper  output 
the  State  is  greatly  restricted  as  well 
that  of  silver,  as  most  of  the  California 
ver  is  derived  from  copper-smelting  op- 
ations.     Several  hundred  thousand  dol- 
rs  a  year  in  gold  are  derived  also  from 
e  smelting  operations  in  the  county  and 
c  amount  will  be  greatly  lessened  this 
ar. 

Experiments    are    being    made    at    the 

rth  Star  mines  in  Grass  Valley  with 

^   of   concrete   "timbers."      Fifty    sets 

ve    been    ordered    by    Superintendent 

'ote  to  replace  old  timbers  in  the  shafts 

J  drifts.     These  sets  will  be  made  at 

mine,  allowed  to  dry  30  days,  and  will 

n  be  wedged  into  place  the  same   as 


any  ordinary  timbers.  The  third  dividend 
of  4  per  cent,  on  the  capital  stock  of  thj 
North  Star  has  been  declared,  making 
12  per  cent.,  or  $300,000.  which  the  stock- 
holders have  received  this  year.  Another 
dividend  of  II  per  cent,  is  expected  about 
Christmas,  or  23  per  cent,  in  all,  which 
was  the  sum  disbursed  in  dividends  last 
year.  The  mine  continues  to  be  highly 
productive. 

In    Sierra   county    work    has   been   go- 
ing on  at  the  Brandy  City  mines  for  the 
last    three    years,    and    the    preliminaries 
are   now   almost   completed   after   an   ex- 
penditure of  over  a  quarter  of  a  million 
dollars,  under  supervision  of  George    F. 
Taylor.    The  properties  are  16  miles  north 
of  Camptonville   and  will   be   among  the 
few  permitted  to  mine  by  hydraul'ic  sys- 
tem   along   the    famous   Big   Blue   gravel 
channel.     The     operation     of     the     laws 
stopped  hydraulic  mining  around  Brandy 
City  long  since,  and  little  has  been  done 
for   20   years   until    lately.      In   this   new 
enterprise    the    water    system    comprises 
three   ditches,  the   company   owning   the 
water    in    Cherokee    and    Canon    creeks. 
One  ditch  is  9  miles  long  and  carries  2000 
in.;    another  5  miles   long,   carrying  800 
in.;  and  the  third  3'..  miles,  carrying  .SOO 
in.     The   main    flume   is   4    ft.   wide   and 
3    ft.    deep    and    delivers    water    at    the 
mine    under   a   240-ft.    head.     The    main 
pipe  line  is  2500  ft.  long  and  the  pipe  is 
22  in.  in  diameter.    The  mine  is  equipped 
with  six  15-in.  monitors.     About  1600  yd. 
of  gravel   per  day   will   be   moved.     The 
bank    of    gravel    is    240    ft.    high.      The 
company  has  provided  storage  for  tailings 
or  debris  in  worked-out  mines,  the  capa- 
city   being    about    7,000,000    cu.yd.     The 
flume  to  one  of  the  pits  is  6000  ft.  long, 
part  of  it  passing  through  a  bedrock  cut 
1200  ft.  long.    The  mine  has  a  hydraulic 
power    plant    which    will    be    completed 
Nov.  1. 


us  by  the  actions  and  demands  authorized 
by  the  Cincinnati  and  other  conventions 
held  by  your  association,  and  under  no 
circumstances  will  we  enter  into  ne- 
gotiations with  the  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America,  either  through  your  national 
organization  or  the  Colorado  district  of- 
ficers. We  are  paying  our  present  em- 
ployees the  former  wage  scale,  and  we 
suggest  that  you  recommend  your  mem- 
bers now  out  of  employment  to  apply 
for  work  before  our  mines  are  fully 
equipped,  as  in  the  very  near  future  we 
will  have  no  places  for  any  of  your 
members.  The  operators  will  treat  with 
the  men  as  individuals  and  not  as  mem- 
bers of  your  association.  We  will,  how- 
ever, give  a  preference  to  our  former 
employees  who  are  capable  and  desir- 
able." 

The  United  States  Reduction  and  Re- 
fining Company  has  this  week  made  its 
second  cut  in  ore-treatment  charges  in 
the  Cripple  Creek  district,  and  it  goes 
from  SI  to  SI. 50  per  ton  below  former 
rates.  The  new  rates  covering  freight 
and  treatment  charges  are  as  follows: 
Ore  up  to  SIO  a  ton,  S4;  from  SIO  to 
SI 5,  $4.50;  from  $15  to  $20,  S5;  from 
S20  to  S25,  S5.50;  from  $25  to  $30,  $6; 
from  S30  to  $40,  $6.50;  from  $40  to  $60, 
$7;  from  $60  to  $100,  $8;  from  $100  to 
$1.50,  .$9;   from  $150  to  .$200,  $10. 


Denver 


Oct.  2 — It  now  appears  as  though  the 
Northern  Colorado  Coal  Operators'  As- 
sociation had  w-on  against  the  United 
Mine  Workers  of  America.  The  presi- 
dent of  the  latter,  T.  L.  Lewis,  proposed 
a  conference  between  the  former  and 
the  miners,  with  the  object  of  establish- 
ing a  wage  agreement  for  two  years.  The 
answer  of  the  operators  is  signed  by 
F.  F.  Struby.  president  of  the  Northern 
Coal  and  Coke  Company,  and  others,  and 
is   in   part   as    follows: 

"The  operators  of  the  northern  Colo- 
rado coalfields  are  satisfied  with  existing 
conditions,  which  have  been   forced  upon 


Butte 

Oct.    1.— The   Tuolumne   company   has 
recently     filed     its    answer    in    the    suit 
brought    against    it    by    the    North    Butte 
company.     A  general  denial  is  made  of 
the   allegation   that   the   defendant   com- 
pany has  extracted  any  ore  belonging  to 
the  plaintiff  and  a  counter  accusation  is 
made    that    the    North    Butte    has    taken 
Tuolumne  ore  and  an  accounting  is  asked 
for.     The  answer  sets  up   that  owing  to 
laches,  the  plaintiff  is  barred  from  assert- 
ing any  title  to  the  so  called  "compromise 
strip,"  which  is  a  small  fraction  ofground 
lying  along  the  border  of  the  Tuolumne 
ground.     It  is  further  stated  that  in  1901 
one  Patrick  Meagher  owned  an  undivid- 
ed  one- fourth   interest   in   said   strip  and 
that  it  was  his  intent  to  deed  the  whole 
of   his   interest   to    Edward    Hickey,   now 
president  of  Tuolumne,  but  by  a  mutual 
mistake  the  deed  merely  conveyed  one- 
quarter  of  Meagher's  interest.    It  is  stat- 
ed that  John  Moroney,  who  bought  from 
Meagher    the    interest    which    the    North 
Butte  company  now  claims  to  own,  might, 
in  the  exercise  of  reasonable  diligence, 
have  ascertained  the  true  state  of  affairs, 
and   asks  that  the  deed  be  corrected  to 
show  the  true  interest  transferred. 


732 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


The  Hudson  Bay  &  Pacific  railway  will 
construct  a  line  from  Hudson  Bay  to  Hel- 
ena, Mont.,  and  it  is  stated  that  work 
will  be  begun  at  once.  The  fact  that  the 
Hne  will  connect  with  the  Great  Northern 
suggests  the  possibility  that  President 
Hill  and  his  associates  are  behind  the 
new  line. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Oct.  1 — Negotiations  have  been  under 
way    for   some   time    between   the    Utah 
Copper  and  the  Bingham  Mines  company, 
and  have  resulted  in  an  agreement  where- 
by Copper  Center  gulch  will  be  used  as 
a  dumping  ground  for  Utah  Copper  over- 
burden.    Copper  Center  gulch   is  a  con- 
venient dumping  ground,  and  will  accom- 
modate  a   large   amount   of   waste.     The 
surface  equipment  at  the  Bingham  Mines 
Company  Commercial  mine,  consisting  of 
12   buildings,    has   been    removed   to   the 
mouth  of  the   Niagara  tunnel,  owned   by 
the  United  States  Smelting,  Refining  and 
Mining  Company.     The  work  of  removal 
began    Sept.    15.      The    Bingham    Mines 
Company  will  be  obliged  to  abandon  the 
use  of  the  lower  Commercial  tunnel,  and 
according  to  arrangements  made  with  the 
United  States  company,  will  work  through 
the   Niagara   tunnel,   which   extends   near 
to  the  Commercial  side  lines.     It  will  be 
necessary  to  drive  the  tunnel   about  300 
ft.  to  get  under  the  Commercial  workings, 
which   will    give    an    additional   depth    of 
200  ft.,  and  about  500  ft.  on  the  dip  of  the 
orebodies.     The  will  obviate  the  necessity 
of  pumping   water  and   hoisting.     While 
the   tunnel   is  being  extended,  shipments 
will  be  stopped.     When  the  Niagara  tun- 
nel   is   in    working    shape,    arrangements 
will  probably  be  made  for  the  handling  of 
ores  of  the  Silver  Shield  mine.    The  Utah 
Copper  will  soon  begin  dumping  its  over- 
burden into  Copper  Center  gulch.     Addi- 
tional  shovels   will   be    added    shortly    in 
removing  waste  from  the  Boston  Consoli- 
dated side. 

An  effort  is  being  made  to  arrange  a 
good  exhibit  of  ores  and  minerals  of  the 
State  for  the  Utah  State  fair,  which  is 
held  in  October.  A  special  building  has 
been  provided  for  the  purpose.  Fifteen 
cases  of  Utah  ores  and  specimens  that 
were  at  the  Alaska-Yukon-Pacific  Expo- 
sition will  be  used  as  a  nucleus 
for  the  exhibit.  Mining  men  and 
companies  have  been  asked  to  see  that 
ores  for  their  properties  are  represented. 
So  far  the  response  has  been  more  than 
good.  There  will  also  be  an  exhibit  of 
mine  safety  appliances. 

The  Snake  Creek  tunnel  in  Summit 
county  has  been  driven  over  1200  ft. 
since  the  middle  of  May.  The  gasolene 
locomotive  for  hauling  waste  has  arrived 
and  been  placed  in  commission.  Sixteen- 
inch  galvanized-iron  ventilating  pipe  has 
been  put  in  place  on  the  floor  of  the  tun- 
nel to  one  side  of  the  track.  On  the  op- 
posite side  is  a  4-in.  air-pipe.     The  ven- 


tilating pipe  clears  out  smoke  from  a 
round  of  shots  within  30  min.  Two  shifts 
only  have  been  worked  recently,  on  ac- 
count of  the  delay  in  delivery  of  the  pipe 
and  locomotive.  A  third  shift  was  put  on 
Sept.  19.  All  the  equipment  necessary  to 
carry  the  tunnel  through  to  its  objective 
point  underneath  the  mines  of  Park  City 
is  now  on  hand,  and  rapid  tunnel  driv- 
ing is  expected. 

Indianapolis 

Oct.  1 — The  attorney-general  of  Indiana 
has  given  an  opinion  to  State  geologist 
W.  S.  Blatchley  in  which  he  holds  that  an 
original  grantee  of  a  mineral  lease  may 
transfer  his  rights  to  a  third  party,  in- 
cluding a  foreign  corporation,  before  he 
has  proved  the  finding  of  the  mineral, 
providing  the  foreign  corporation  has 
complied  with  the  foreign-corporation  law 
permitting  it  to  do  business  in  Indiana. 

Cobalt 
Oct.  2 — D.  Lome  McGibbon,  president 
of  the  La  Rose  Consolidated,  states  that 
the  proposed  merger  of  the  principal  Co- 
balt properties  is  now  more  remote  than 
it  was  a  few  months  ago.  This  is  largely 
due  to  the  better  condition  of  the  La 
Rose,  which  has  been  showing  a  marked 
improvement  in  the  No.  3  vein  of  the 
original  workings,  and  also  in  the  Prin- 
cess and  Lawson  claims.  Personally,  Mr. 
McGibbon  believes  in  awaiting  further 
developments,  although  he  realizes  the 
beneficial  effects  that  would  accrue  from 
the  merger.  Although  no  change  has 
been  made  in  the  dividend  rate  of  this 
company,  it  is  known  that  the  annual 
report,  shortly  to  be  issued,  will  show 
greatly  improved  conditions. 

Another  sensational  discovery  has  late- 
ly been  made  in  the  Porcupine  on  the 
claims  owmed  by  D.  Lome  McGibbon  and 
Frank  C.  Armstrong.  The  find  was  made 
about  150  ft.  from  the  boundary  line  of 
the  Crown  Chartered  Company,  and  the 
surface  showings  are  stated  to  be  even 
more  spectacular  than  those  of  the  Dome 
and  Timmins  properties.  Only  assess- 
ment work  is  so  far  being  done  on  the 
properties,  but  a  plant  will  be  installed 
this  winter.  The  opinion  is  steadily  grow- 
ing that  Porcupine  will  be  a  permanent 
camp,  and  that  it  shows  every  promise 
of  a  remarkable  future.  Unlike  the  other 
boom  camps  of  northern  Ontario,  it  is  en- 
tirely free  from  wildcatting,  and  the  prin- 
cipal properties  are  in  the  hands  of  men 
who  are  abundantly  able  to  finance  them. 

Toronto 

Oct.  2— Prof.  M.  B.  Baker,  of  Queen's 
University,  Kingston,  who  was  commis- 
sioned by  the  Ontario  Bureau  of  Mines 
to  investigate  the  recently  discovered  lig- 
nite deposits  along  the  Metagami  river  in 
northern  Ontario,  has  returned.  He  re- 
ports that  the  deposit  is  a  poor  grade  of 
lignite,  much  broken  and  folded,  and  non- 


continuous,  the  occurrence  being  in  the 
loose  accumulation  of  gravel,  sand  and 
clay,  and  not  in  solid  rock  foundation. 
It  has  therefore  suffered  insufficient  pres- 
sure to  produce  a  real  coal,  even  of  poor 
quality,  and  is  only  a  loose  lignite. 
Speaking  of  the  iron-ore  deposits  at 
Grand  Rapids  on  the  Metagami,  Profes- 
sor Baker  states  that  the  ore  is  of  excel- 
lent quality,  free  from  sulphur  and  with 
only  the  smallest  traces  of  phosphorus. 
It  is  found  on  both  banks  and  across 
the  whole  river  bed. 

The  party  sent  out  by  the  Quebec  Pro- 
vincial Government  to  explore  the  Lake 
Chibogamon  country  has  returned  to  Que- 
bec after  an  absence  of  3'j  months. 
The  party  included  Professor  Gwillim,  of 
Queen's  University,  Kingston;  Prof.  A.  _ 
C.  Barlow,  of  McGill  University,  Mon-  ■ 
treal;  E.  R.  Faribault,  of  the  Canadian* 
Geological  Survey  and  J.  H.  Valiquette. 
engineer  of  the  Quebec  Department  of 
Mines.  They  brought  back  with  them  a 
large  number  of  valuable  mineral  speci- 
mens, which  will  be  at  once  assayed  and 
analyzed  by  Professors  Gwillim  and 
Barlow.  The  explorers,  while  stating 
generally  that  the  mineralization  of  man; 
rocks  in  the  area  is  apparently  rich,  dc 
not  care  to  express  any  definite  opinions 
as  to  the  economic  value  of  the  countr\ 
until  proper  tests  of  the  ores  have  beer 
made. 


Me 


City 


Oct.  1 — Official  data  just  available  foi 
the  11  months  to  May  31,  1910,  show  im 
ports  of  metals  and  minerals  of  50,692. 
461  pesos  as  compared  with  the  same  pe 
riod  for  the  previous  fiscal  year  40,620. 
821  pesos.  These  imports  are  divided  at 
follows,  the  1910-11  period  being  givei 
first:  gold,  silver  and  platinum,  3,024.77. 
pesos,  1,240,121  pesos;  copper  and  cop 
per  alloys,  4,709,921  pesos,  4,623,794  pe 
sos;  tin.  lead  and  zinc,  957,979  pesos 
1,031,217  pesos;  iron  and  steel,  24.782. 
051  pesos,  18,593,362  pesos;  other  metals 
134,349  pesos,  170,027  pesos;  stone  ani 
earth  products,  including  glass  and  pot 
tery,   17,083,386  pesos,   14,962.298  pesos 

The  mineral  and  metal  exports  for  thi 
1 1  months  of  the  1910-11  fiscal  year  wen 
139,308,538  pesos  as  compared  with  132. 
938,893  pesos  for  the  previous  corres 
ponding  period.  This  is  detailed  as  fol 
lows  with  the  1910-11  period  given  first 
total  gold,  including  coined  and  bullion 
35,887,487  pesos,  37,237,263  pesos;  tola 
silver,  including  coined  and  bullion.  69. 
473.931  pesos,  67,775,371  pesos;  anti 
mony,  2,021,737  pesos,  1,905,870  pesos 
asphalt,  135.263  pesos,  552,333  pesos 
copper,  23,562.904  pesos,  17.905,107  pe 
sos;  rough  marble,  69,991  pesos,  81,78: 
pesos;  plumbago,  61.630  pesos,  40,586 pe 
sos;  lead.  6,160,878  pesos,  5.879,419  pe 
sos;  zinc,  1,028,727  pesos,  915,200  pe 
sos;  other  mineral  products,  905,989  pe 
SOS.  645,955  pesos. 


October  8,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


733 


y      X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 

Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  Nev/  Machinery 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Cxirrent  History  of    ^*  -  -  - — - 


X       X 


STL 


perty 
M  ining" 


Alaska 

The  gold  so  far  received  by  the  assay 
fice    in    Seattle    from    the    Haiditarod 

ning  district  is  5220,000.     Other  ship- 

.■nts  will  be  tnade. 

Golden  Gate — The  returns  of  a  recent 

-day    run    of    the    stamp    mill    on    this 

aperty,  on  Chicagoff,  were  S4000.  New 

ichinery  will  be  installed.  Joseph  Sim- 
iins.  Sitka,  is  president. 

Berner  Bay — This  property  has  been 
:d  to  Boston  capitalists.  Bert  Thane, 
tperintendent  of  the  Eagle  River  com- 
•ny,  is  the  representative.  Imporve- 
I  nts  will   be   made. 

Ebner — Work  on  this  property,  near 
,  neau,  will  be  started.  The  company 
i  considering  the  installation  of  new 
1  chinery. 

Alaska-Mexican — For  the  month  ended 
.  g.  15,  the  mill  crushed  20.412  tons, 
;  Iding  S70,426  at  an  operating  net  profit 
I  S38,539.    The  yield  per  ton  was  33.45. 


Alabama 

The  coal  lands  and  mine  owned  by 
I  Warrior  Coal  and  Coke  Company, 
'  re  sold  Sept.  24  under  foreclosure 
1  1  were  bought  by  the  Linton  Coal 
( mpany,  which  intends  to  work  the 
I  le.  The  bonds  include  6000  acres  in 
J  ferson   and    Blount   counties 

Arizona 

Cochise  County 
"ihattuck- Arizona — The  annual  report 
t  the  company  shows  total  receipts  for 
t  year  to  Aug.  31,  51,560,467,  and  net 
I  fit  S757,782,  out  of  which  dividends 
(  S350,000  were  paid.  President  Bardon 
s  s:  "The  property  is  equipped  in  first- 
C  5S  modern  manner  to  handle  1200  tons 
(  Dre  per  day  whenever  the  market  war- 
I  ts.  We  have  five  miles  of  under- 
(  und  work  and  over  800,000  tons  of 
c  Je  and  sulphide  ores  shown  up,  with 
small  area  of  our  zone  developed." 

Gila  County 

uperior  &  Globe — The  churn  drill  on 
tl  660-ft.  level  of  the  shaft  is  operating 
a  280  ft.  below  that  level  or  about  950 
f  from  the  surface.  The  average  prog- 
r>i  made  since  the  operation  of  the  drill 
is   ft.  a  day. 

uperior  &  Boston — The  McGaw  shaft 
is' 70  ft.  from  the  surface  and  in  quartz- 
i*  The  limestone  formation  left  the 
>(ft  below  the  eighth  level. 

^Arizona-Michigan — The  winze  on  the 
S'-ft.  level  of  the  Telfair  crosscut  is 
"i  n  70   ft.   in  vein   matter. 


MoH.WE  County 

Golconda — The  first  section  of  the  mil! 
with  a  capacity  of  40  tons  per  day  has 
been  completed.  Work  has  been  started 
on  the  second  section  of  the  mill  and  SO 
tons  per  day  will  be  handled  by  Nov.  1. 
In  the  meantime  shipping  is  continuing 
steadily  at  the  rate  of  600  tons  of  48  per 
cent,  zinc  ore  per  month.  The  Golconda 
has  shipped  17,000  tons  of  ore,  netting 
about  S275,000  above  freight  and  smelt- 
ing charges. 

Tub — In  this  mine,  development  has 
been  stopped  pending  the  erection  of  a 
large  mill.  The  ore  is  copper  pyrite 
with  zinc  sulphide,  from  which  the  zinc 
can  be  e.xtracted  only  by  magnetic  sepa- 
rators. 

Gold  Road — Drifting  east  from  shaft 
No.  2  on  the  500-ft.  level  has  disclosed 
another  oreshoot  with  about  7  ft.  of  good 
milling  ore. 

Tom  Reed — The  10  stamps  are  crush- 
ing about  45  tons  per  day,  averaging  a 
little  over  S40  per  ton.  The  stamps  of 
the  old  mill  will  be  moved  to  the  new  mill. 

Ruth — At  this  mine  a  plant  similar  to 
that  of  the  Gold  Road  will  probably  be 
erected. 

Pima  County 

Ajo — These  mines  have  been  leased  by 
the  Rendall  Ore  Reduction  Company  to 
M.  G.  Levy  and  Samuel  L.  Clark  who 
will  operate  the  mines  and  erect  a  reduc- 
tion plant. 

Yavapai   County 

Arizona  Mines  Company — These  mines 
in  the  Bradshaw  mountains  are  develop- 
ing a  copper-gold  vein.  David  E.  Dow 
is  president.  He  says:  "Several  proper- 
ties in  the  immediate  vicinity  are  prepar- 
ing to  start  up  full  time  again,  partic- 
ularly the  Bisbee  Belle,  Golden  Eagle 
and  Brooks  Brothers,  and  it  is  estimated 
that  over  half  a  million  dollars  will  be 
put  into  new  equipment  within  the  next 
six  months  in  this  range  alone." 


California 
Amador  County 
Central  Eureka — The  main  vein  in  this 
Sutter  Creek  mine  was  cut  on  the  2800 
level  recently.  It  is  supposed  to  be  a 
continuation  of  the  vein  opened  in  the 
South  Eureka. 

Butte  County 
Mammoth  Channel--The  work  of  tak- 
ing out  gravel  from  the  channel  will  be 
commenced  as  soon  as  the  electric  power 
line  destroyed  by  fire  is  rebuilt.  New- 
pumps  have  been  installed. 


Calaveras  County 

Kenross — This  mine,  owned  by  the 
Calaveras  Mining  and  Development  com- 
pany, at  Whisky  slide  near  Mokelumne 
hill,  is  being  opened  under  management 
of  Mr.  Hitchens  who  has  succeeded  G.  W. 
Kirkley. 

Newman — From  this  mine  at  West 
Point,  high-grade  ore  is  being  shipped  to 
San  Francisco.  Second-grade  ore  is  be- 
ing milled. 

Alpha-Derrer — This  group  of  claims  on 
the  Rock  Creek  slope  of  Bald  mountain 
is  being  developed  by  W.  A.  Derrer,  of 
Los  Angeles,  and  the  tunnel  is  in  300 
feet. 

Nevada  County 

Birchville  and  Wisconsin — The  parties 
holding  bonds  on  these  mines  at  Granite- 
\ille  have  decided  to  rebuild  the  burned 
mill  and  s,hafthouses  at  once.  John  A. 
Bunting,  of  Oakland,  is  the  leading  owner. 

Andy  Fitz — The  installing  the  machin- 
ery at  this  mine,  Moore's  Flat,  is  com- 
pleted, and  operations  will  be  resumed  on 
a  large  scale. 

North  Star — This  company  at  Grass 
Valley  has  purchased  the  Pratt  and  Du- 
buque claims. 

Placer  County 
Big  Oak — This  mine  will  be  reopened 
by  S.  D.  Valentine,  of  San  Francisco,  and 
a  shaft  is  to  be  sunk  to  tap  the  vein. 

Shasta  County 
Afterthought — In  this  mine  near  Ingot, 
owned  by  the  Great  Western  Gold  Com- 
pany, a  body  of  copper  ore  has  been 
found  on  the  500  level.  The  mine  is  be- 
ing worked  at  a  depth  of  600  ft.  S.  W. 
Bretherton  is  general  manager. 

Sierra  County 

Hayes — This  mine  at  Sierra  City  has 
been  bonded  to  S.  W.  Van  Syckel,  of 
Newark.  N.  J.,  and  William  Barker  has 
been  placed  in  charge.  Compressor  and 
drills  will  be  put  in.  A  20-stamp  mill  is 
on  the  ground.  The  Essex  Mining  Com- 
pany has  been  formed  to  carry  on  the 
operations. 

Keystone — The  mill  at  this  mine.  Sierra 
City,  will  be  ready  for  operation  by  the 
middle  of  October. 

Siskiyou  County 

Keating — The  Siskiyou  Syndicate  is 
grading  for  a  mill  for  this  mine,  at  Etna. 

Highland  and  Diamond — These  proper- 
tics  at  Etna  have  been  sold  to  a  company 
of  Holland  capitalists  and  an  electric 
power  plant  will  be  installed. 


734 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


Black  Bear — This  mine,  in  Liberty  dis- 
trict, is  being  reopened  by  a  new  com- 
pany of  which  E.  W.  Varnum  is  superin- 
tendent. During  the  periods  when  this 
mine  was  worked  by  John  Daggett  and 
by  the  English  company  it  yielded  about 
S3,000,000.  Flumes  have  been  been  put 
in  to  bring  water  for  power,  and  machine 
drills  supplied.  Electric  power  will  be 
used  later.  A  new  mill  will  be  pro- 
vided  in   the   spring. 

Highland — This  mine,  owned  by  J.  M. 
Tetherow,  of  Etna  Mills,  has  been  sold 
for  about  $200,000  to  M.  Mattern,  of 
Ashland,  Oregon. 

Stanislaus  County 
Durgan-Dodswortk — This   company,   of 
Jamestown,  is  opening  the  Chalino  mine, 
near  La   Grange. 

Trinity  County 

Bonanza  King — The  receiver  of  the 
California  Trust  and  Savings  Bank  has 
decided  to  reopen  this  mine  at  Trinity 
Center  and  resume  milling  at  the  20- 
stamp  mill.  A  new  power  plant  will  be 
installed.  Joseph  H.  Porter  is  superin- 
tendent. 

Tuolumne  County 

Nevills  Investment  Company  —  This 
company  which  has  acquired  the  Rawhide 
and  App  mines,  has  also  purchased  from 
Capt.  W.  A.  Nevills  and  wife,  the  Big 
Oak  flat.    J.  L.  Chaddock  is  president. 

Ham  &  Birney — This  mine  at  Five  Mile 
creek  near  Columbia  is  about  to  be  started 
ut;der  management  of  J.  H.  Ailing. 

Tuolumne  Consolidated — This  company 
at  Phoenix  Lake  is  preparing  to  put  in  a 
pipe  line  to  take  oil  from  tank  cars  for 
fuel. 

Colorado 
Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 

Denver  Mining  and  Reduction  Com- 
pany— This  company  is  constructing  a 
new  concentrating  plant  at  Black  Hawk, 
capacity,  100  tons  per  day.  It  will  be  in 
operation  in  two  months. 

Mitchell  Mining  and  Leasing  Company 
— This  company,  composed  of  Central 
City  men,  has  taken  a  lease  and  bond  on 
the  Mitchell  mine,  on  Quartz  hill,  and  has 
equipped  it  with  a  new  hoist  and  shaft- 
house,  and  is  working  two  shifts,  with 
a  good  force.  The  company  is  said  to 
be  mining  high-grade  gold  ore  from  a 
crevice  3  to  4  ft.  in  width.  The  smelting 
ore  struck  is  1  ft.  wide,  and  yields  $30 
per  ton.  This  company  has  leased  the 
Randolph  mill,  at  Black  Hawk,  where  the 
mill  ore  is  being  traced. 

La  Plata  County 

The  Lucky  Moon,  Neglected,  Incas  and 
Tomahawk  are  shipping,  and  extensive 
development  is  in  progress  on  the  Co- 
lumbus-Snowstorm. The  Doyle  properties 
over  the  line  in  Montezuma  county  are 
active.     All  of  these  are  near  Hesperus. 

Idaho — This    mine    is    shipping   six    or 


seven  cars  of  telluride  ore  per  week  to 
Durango  which  average  $7000  per  car. 
The  property  is  north  of  Hesperus,  about 
10  miles  west  of  Durango,  and  is  owned 
by  the  Valley  View  Mining  Company. 
^X'.   A.   Stewart   manager. 

May  Day — This  property  across  the 
gulch  from  the  Idaho  is  shipping.  A.  E. 
Reynolds,  of  Denver,  is  the  principal 
owner. 

Leadville — Lake  County 

Garibaldi — In  this  mine,  on  Ball  moun- 
tain, the  discovery  is  reported  of  a  6-ft. 
vein  running  2  oz.  gold  and  several  hun- 
dred ounces  silver  per  ton.  Frank  Eric,  a 
lessee,  has  just  shipped  100  tons  of  high- 
grade    ore    to   the    smeltery. 

San  Juan   District 

Camp  Bird — The  August  crushing  was 
6813  tons,  yielding  $210,487.  The  net 
mine  earnings  was  $151,771. 

Bright  Diamond — The  cave  was  broken 
into  in  this  mine,  in  the  quartzite  north 
of  Ouray  about  a  month  ago,  has  yielded 
225  tons,  and  it  is  stated  that  the  net 
smeltery  returns  show  $100  per  ton  gold, 
so  that  522,500  has  been  extracted  from 
this  "vugh." 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Golden  Cycle — It  is  reported  that  the 
sale  of  the  properties,  to  the  Consolidated 
Goldfields  of  London  and  South  Africa, 
for  $7,000,000,  is  definitely  off.  It  ap- 
pears that  the  big  mill  and  some  coal 
mines  were  tacked  to  the  gold  mines, 
and  the  London  crowd  did  not  want  the 
latter   at   the   price   asked. 


Ping,  manager,  will  make  its  initial 
"turnin"  this  week.  The  mine  is  oper- 
ating in  the  Kinderhook  lime  below  the 
sheet-ground  formation. 


Idaho 

Lehmi  County 

The  Pittsburg  &  Gilmore  railroad  has 
been  completed  from  Armsted,  Mont.,  to 
Salmon,  Idaho.  A  spur  from  Leadorc, 
Idaho,  is  nearly  completed  to  Gilmore, 
where  are  the  Latest  Out,  Gilmore,  and 
other  smaller  mines.  The  Latest  Out 
mine  shipped  about  700  tons  and  the 
Gilmore  about  800  tons  of  lead-silver 
ores  during  August. 

Dark  Horse — This  company,  operating 
18  miles  east  of  Salmon,  is  driving  a  tun- 
nel through  the  main  boundary  range. 
Ore  will  be  brought  through  it  to  the 
Idaho  side  and  shipments  made  over  the 
Pittsburg  &  Gilmore  road. 

Yellow  Jacket — This  mine,  in  the  south- 
western part  of  Lehmi  county,  is  working 
12  or  15  men  retimbering  -the  tunnels 
and  putting  the  60-stamp  mill  in  shape. 


Kansas 

Empire — This  company,  A.  O.  Ihlseng, 
Joplin,  manager,  will  build  a  600-ton  mill 
on  the  Murphy  land  at  Galena.  The 
ground  has  been  partly  drained,  but  the 
operators  will  install  two  large  Texas 
centrifugal  pumps  and  drain  the  ground 
tn  200  feet. 

F.urcka — This  mine,  at  Galena,  Robert 


Minnesota 
Copper 

Houghton  Copper — A  concrete  collar 
is  being  put  in  the  shaft  which  is  down 
30  ft.  It  will  go  down  in  the  footwall 
of  the  lode  and  the  first  opening  to  the 
formation  is  to  be  determined  by  condi- 
tions. It  is  planned  to  use  electric  powet 
and  an  order  is  to  be  placed  for  a  hoist- 
ing and  compressor  equipment. 

Union — This  company  has  cothpleted 
its  first  drill  hole  after  passing  through 
the  Allouez  conglomerate  lode  but  the 
cores  show  no  copper. 

Winona — No.  4  shaft  is  sinking  below 
the  1 4th  level  and  at  this  level  the  crost- 
cut  entered  the  lode  and  found  it  we! 
mineralized. 

Contact — This  company  has  started  tht 
third  drill  hole  on  section  13,  which  wil 
com.plete  the  exploratory  work  in  thi; 
section.  The  two  previous  holes  en 
countered    sandstone    without    mineral. 

Iron 

North  Lake  — This  Cleveland-Cliff 
mine  has  shipped  its  first  train  of  ore 
Development  will  be  carried  on  all  wate 
preparatory  for  regular  output  next  yeai 

Volunteer — This  iron  mine  at  Palme 
lake  has  developed  a  large  body  of  or 
and  will  ship  this  season. 

Iron  Mountain — The  Jones  and  Laugh 
lin  Steel  Company  is  again  testing  thi 
property,  in  the  Ishpeming  district.  A 
exploratory  shaft  was  put  down  to  9 
ft.  seven  years  ago.  The  shaft  encountere 
an  ore  assaying  only  35  per  cent,  in  iroi 
If  is  the  belief  that  ore  of  much  bette 
grade  lies  at  depth. 


Missouri 

Melrose — This  company,  which  h£ 
bought  the  Scholl  prospect  at  Duen*e) 
has  bought  the  Big  Chief  mill  at  Quapav 
and  will  move  it  to  the  lease.  Wilbi 
Squires,   of  Joplin,   is  manager. 

Mo- A  rk-Nemo — This  large  sheet-groun 
mine,  north  of  Webb  City,  has  resume 
operations. 

Empire — This   company,   which  bougl, 
a  52-acre  fee  in  the  West  Joplin  shee 
ground   district,   has  decided   to  build 
300-ton  mill.     The  ore  is  20  ft.  thick  an 
found  at   170  ft.     Daniel  Dwyer,  of  Joi 
lin,  is  manager. 

Fortune  Teller — This  company, 
Granby,  has  made  the  largest  shlpmei 
of  calamine  ore  made  in  the  district  fi 
many  months.  Six  hundred  tons  of  oi 
were  sold  on  a  $27  base  and  one  c; 
brought  over  $37  per  ton. 

Puxico  Iron  Company — A.  J.  Meye 
secretary  and  treasurer,  Puvico,  maki 
the     following     statement:     "We     hav 


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


735 


iken  over  the  holdings  of  the  Big  Muddy 
;oal  and  Iron  Company  in  Iron  county, 
n  a  long  lease.  This  property  comprises 
5,000  to  26,000  acres,  and  embraces 
■ilot  Knob.  Shepherds,  Cedar  Hills,  Shut 
1  and  Tip  Top.  There  has  already  been 
,500.000  tons  of  specular  ore  taken 
rom  Pilot  Knob.  Work  was  abandoned 
uring  1892,  and  never  resumed.  The 
umps  contain  quantiiies  of  excellent  ore, 
nd  the  mines  themselves  contain  large 
eins  that  have  never  been  operated.  The 
jrface  ore  has  never  been  largely 
orked.  We  are  at  present  shipping  hy- 
raulic  machinery  for  working  these  de- 
osits,  and  will  follow  this  up  with  a 
Ian  to  operate  the  mines  and  dumps, 
/e  will  likely  install  a  compressed-air 
lant  to  operate  drills,  with  electrical 
^uipment.  We  have  under  consideration 
le  enlargement  of  our  water  supply." 

Montana 

I  Butte  District 

Bamar  Copper  Company — This  com- 
iny  has  filed  articles  with  M.  J.  Scott, 
ihn  B.  Frisbee,  F.  H.  Butler,  J.  L.  Han- 
fen,  Phil  C.  Goodwin,  Theodore  Hen- 
assy  and  S.  Hurvitch  as  incorporators, 
his  is  the  culmination  of  the  refinancing 
ans  of  the  company.  The  property  con- 
sts  of  12  claims,  12  miles  southwest  of 
utte.    Much  development  has  been  done. 

is  the  intention  to  sink  the  shaft,  now 
iO  ft.,  to   1000  feet. 

Anaconda — At  the  Leonard  mine  about 
X)  tons  are  being  produced  daily.  The 
d  No.  1  shaft,  1200  ft.  deep,  has  been 
timbered  and  the  gallows  is  being 
eked  up,  the  surrounding  ground  having 
ittled  10  inches.    The  shaft  will  be  used 

lower  timber  and  supplies.  At  the  West 
olusa  mine  about  50  tons  are  being 
listed  daily  from  the  1000-,  1200-,  1400- 
id  1600-ft.  levels.  At  the  Mountain  View 
ine  about  1000  tons  is  the  daily  output 
Dw  as  against  1500  tons  when  operating 
irmal  capacity.  The  Parrott  mine,  form- 
ly  one  o*'  the  principal  producers  of  the 
malgamated  company  has  been  shut 
)wn  since  December,  1909,  only  pump- 
en  and  shaftmen  being  employed.  The 
ittle  Mina  mine  is  working  200  men  and 

a  steady  producer.  At  the  St.  Lawrence 
le  orebins  collapsed  and  no  shipments 
•e  being  made.  It  will  take  two  months 
'  rebuild  them  and  the  shaft  will  be  re- 
mbered  at  the  same  time.  The  mine  has 
Jen  producing  about  1000  tons  daily  and 
lis  will  be  made  up  by  an  increase  in  the 
reduction  of  the  company's  other  mines, 
aving  the  total  unaffected. 

East  Butte — The  injunction  resulting  in 
|ie  curtailment  of  production  at  the  Ticon 
'nd  Butte  &  Ballaklava  mines  has  ma- 
;rially  reduced  the  amount  of  custom 
ires  which  the  East  Butte  company's 
meltery  has  been  treating  and  as  a  result 
ne  furnace  has  been  shut  down,  leaving 
nly  one    furnace   in   operation   which   is 


sufficient  to  handle  the  East  Butte  ore. 
The  company  is  only  mining  sufficient  ore 
to  pay  operating  expenses. 

Great  Falls  Water  and  Power  Company 
— The  new  sub-station  on  the  hill  near 
the  High  Ore  and  Mountain  View  mines 
is  nearing  completion  and  when  in  read- 
iness will  supply  the  electric  power  for  all 
Anaconda  company  mines.  Adjoining  the 
sub-station  is  the  new  electric  compressor 
plant  in  which  the  machinery  is  being  in- 
stalled. 

Alex  Scott — Mining  is  being  carried  on 
in  the  1200-,  1400-  and  1600-ft.  levels  and 
40  men  are  employed. 

Butte  &  Ballaklava — No  ore  is  being 
hoisted  from  the  mine,  the  operations  be- 
ing limited  to  development  on  the  300-, 
500-,  600-  and  800-ft.  levels. 

British  Butte — Representatives  of  the 
London  capitalists  who  financed  the  com- 
pany are  expected  in  Butte  Oct.  1,  when 
it  is  probable  that  a  plan  of  action  will  be 
decided  upon. 

Jefferson  County 

Montana-Corbin — The  Western  Mining 
Supply  Company  has  brought  suit  against 
the  mining  company  to  recover  S1379  and 
the  Hidden  Treasure  and  Copper  King 
lode  claims  have  been  attached. 

Lewis  and  Clark  Company 

Magpie  Development  Company — The 
company  now  has  400  acres  of  placer  at 
the  mouth  of  Magpie  gulch.  The  ma- 
chinery for  the  dredge,  being  built  by  the 
Union  Iron  Works,  of  San  Francisco,  is 
nearly  all  on  the  ground.  Electricity  v,-!ll 
be  used,  being  secured  from  Canon 
ferry.  The  management  states  that  oper- 
ations will  be  begun  Dec.  15.  Steam  heat 
will  be  used  to  thaw'  the  ground  in  the 
winter.  O.  W.  Vandergrift,  Claysoil,  is  in 
charge. 

Souvenir — This  gold-mining  company 
voted  down  the  plan  to  assess  the  stock 
and  instead  decided  to  offer  100,000 
shares  of  treasury  stock  for  sale. 

Jumbo — The  main  vein  has  been  cut  in 
the  tunnel  and  a  2-ft.  body  of  ore  dis- 
closed. The  hanging  wall  has  not  yet 
been   reached. 

Tunnel — This  mine  is  eight  miles  south- 
west of  Wolf  creek  and  is  developed  by  a 
225- ft.  crosscut  tunnel,  which  has  cut  a 
4-ft.  vein.  The  vein  has  been  drifted  on 
100  ft.  In  the  face  of  the  tunnel  a  shaft 
is  being  sunk  and  is  now  down  30  ft. 


Nevada 
Elko  County 
At  .Jarbidge.  the  Good  Luck  tunnel  is 
in  50  ft.  and  the  Amazon-Rainbow  80  ft. 
The  Clark-Fletcher  lease  on  the  North 
Star  has  driven  160  ft.  and  the  National 
has  a  tunnel  in  100  feet. 

Esmeralda  County 
The  merger  of  the  Sandstorm  and  Ken- 
dall-Goldfield    properties    has    practically 
been  effected  and  stockholders  of  both  the 


original  companies  may  now  exchange 
their  old  certificates  for  stock  in  the  New 
Sandstorm-Kendall  Consolidated  Com- 
pany. George  Wingfield  is  back  of  the 
proposition. 

Goldfield  Consolidated — Development 
on  the  1000- ft.  level  of  the  Clermont 
workings  is  revealing  high-grade  ore. 
These  workings  are  the  deepest  in  the 
camp  and  the  discovery  of  ore  is  con- 
cidered  significant. 

Royal  Flush — The  property  in  the  Gold 
Mountain  district  has  become  a  producer. 
High  grade  is  being  shipped  to  Utah  and 
milling  ore  is  being  placed  on  the 
dumps. 

Spearhead — Since  the  discovery  of  pay- 
ing ore  on  the  Wheeler  lease  a  leasing 
company  has  started  operations  through 
the  Maloney  shaft. 

Great  Western — The  deal  for  this  mine 
at  Hornsilver  has  been  completed  and  the 
property  transferred  to  Andrew  I.  Trumbo 
and  associates,  under  a  bond  and  lease. 
The  payment  of  $15,701  to  the  sheriff's 
office  redeemed  the  property  sold  las:  May 
by  order  of  foreclosuie. 

Humboldt  Couniv 

Important  strikes  are  reported  on  the 
Hyde  lease  on  the  National  and  on  the 
Edmunds  &  Reinhart  lease  on  the  May- 
flower. Both  of  these  are  north  of  the 
Stall  Brothers'  lease. 

Chaffey — This  mine  has  been  sold  at 
sheriff  sale  to  W.  S.  McCronick,  Salt  Lake 
City. 

Lyon    County 

Nevada-Douglas — A  payment  of  S50,- 
000  has  been  made  on  the  Ludwig  mine. 
The  present  payment  makes  a  total  of 
S350,000  paid  and  the  remaining  deferred 
payments  will  not  fall  due  until  the 
mines  are  producing.  The  railroad 
through  the  Yerington  district  to  the  Ma- 
son Valley  smeltery,  at  Wabuska,  is 
graded  to  the  mouth  of  the  valley  in 
which  is  the  Nevada-Douglas  property. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah  Belmont — It  is  hoped  to  have 
active  operations  transferred  from  the 
Desert  Queen  shaft  to  the  new  Belmont 
shaft  by  Oct.  15.  A  winze  from  the  1 166- 
ft.  level,  the  lowest  in  the  mine,  is  the 
most  important  new  work  being  done. 

Tonopah  Extension — The  first  semi- 
monthly cleanup  for  September  yielded 
1670  oz.  of  bullion  valued  at  SI0.60  per 
pound. 


New  Mexico 

Chemung  Copper  Company — The  com- 
pany has  closed  its  mine  at  Tyrone,  and 
has  pulled  the  pumps,  and  taken  up  the 
tiacks.  It  is  stated  that  there  are  10,- 
000,000  tons  of  "porphyry"  copper  ore 
blocked  out.  No  reason  is  given  out.  A 
railroad  has  been  graded  to  Whitewater, 
on  the  Santa  Fe,  and  it  seems  probable 
that  the  mines  will  not  be  reopened  until 


736 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


the  railroad  is  complete,  and  the  cop- 
per market  becomes  more  settled.  The 
pulling  up  of  the  rails  in  the  mine  is  said 
to  be  owing  to  the  very  acid  water,  which 
would  soon  eat  them  up  if  left  in  the 
workings.  There  are  35  claims  in  this 
property,  which  is  situated  in  the  Burro 
Mountain  district,  about  14  miles  from 
Silver  City.  Dr.  L.  D.  Ricketts,  of  Can- 
anaea,  has  sampled   the  mine. 

North  Carolina 
Sih'cr  Hill — This   famous  old  mine,  at 
Silverhill,  Davidson  county,  has  been  re- 
opened by  T.  A.  M.  Stevenson. 


Ohio 

Columbus  &  Hocking  Coal  and  Iron 
Company — The  amended  organization 
plan  submitted  to  the  bondholders'  com- 
mittee provides  for  an  issue  of  S2.000,- 
000  first-mortgage  5  per  cent,  bonds  and 
$4,600,000  common  stock.  Holders  of 
first-  and  second-mortgage  bonds  of  the 
old  company  will  receive  75  per  cent,  in 
new  first-mortgage  bonds  and  50  per  cent. 
in  common  stock.  Preferred  stockholders 
upon  paying  SIO  assessment  will  receive 
par  and  new  bonds  to  the  amount  of  the 
assessment  and  100  per  cent,  in  new 
common  stock.  Common  stock  holders, 
upon  paying  SIO  assessment,  will  receive 
new  bonds  to  face  amount  of  money  sub- 
scribed and  50  per  cent,  in  new  common 
stock. 

Oklahoma 

Lo/iVa— This  mill,  at  Miami,  has  been 
sold   and   will  be   removed. 

l.anyon-Starr — This  smeltery,  at  Bart- 
lesville,  has  been  sold  to  the  American 
Metal  Company.  The  plant  has  3456  re- 
torts. 


Company  is  said  to  control  this  company. 
The  Manatawny  Bessemer  Ore  Company, 
Charles  M.  Allen,  of  New  York,  president, 
owns  a  tract  along  Furnace  run.  The 
Berks  DevelopmentCompany  has  property 
on  Long  and  Stone  Cave  hills;  Wharton 
Barker,  of  Philadelphia,  is  president.  The 
ore  found  is  chiefly  red  hematite,  funning 
well  in  iron  and  low  in  sulphur  and  phos- 
phorus; there  is  also  some  magnetite. 

South  Dakota 

/?f//ijnff— Plans  for  the  reorganization 
company  have  been  completed.  The  head 
of  the  trustees  for  the  reorganization 
movement,  Gen.  S.  E.  Olson,  of  Minne- 
apolis, is  making  arrangements  for  a  re- 
sumption at  the  property  on  Annie  creek 
near  Deadwood.  The  Reliance,  which 
was  originally  a  combination  of  a  num- 
ber of  properties  in  the  Bald  mountain 
district,  operated  successfully  for  nearly 
two  years. 

Tennessee 

In  the  Federal  court,  Judge  Sanford 
granted  a  new  trial  in  the  case  of  Paul 
E.  Stevenson  et  al.  vs.  the  Tennessee  Cop- 
per Company.  Complainants  sued  for 
S75,000  damages  as  compensation  for 
damage  by  sulphur  fumes  from  the  cop- 
per plant  at  Ducktown.  The  jury  in  the 
case  awarded  SIO  damage.  The  case  will 
be  reheard. 


Oregon 
Baker  County 

A  boiler  house  and  engine  have  been 
installed  on  the  Gold  Center  dredge,  and 
the  dredge  will  be  in  operation  again  soon. 
J.  Wetherel  is  manager. 

Kansas — Operations  will  be  started  on 
this  mine  at  Greenhouse  by  the  owners, 
Oliver  Failing  and  August  Hornecker. 

Simmons— Ihs  Rogue  River  Dredging 
Company  is  installing  dredging  machinery 
at  this  mine  which  it  has  leased. 

Pennsylvania 

For  some  time  past  explorations  by 
diamond  drill  and  test-pitting  have  been 
carried  on  in  the  district  between  Boyer- 
town  and  Pottstown.  Iron  ore  was  mined 
in  this  region  many  years  ago,  but  onlv 
in  a  superficial  way.  The  result  of  the 
recent  work  has  been  to  open  what  are 
believed  to  be  large  deposits  of  iron  ore, 
and  three  companies  have  been  organized 
to  exploit  them.  The  Boyertown  Ore 
Company,  of  which  William  S.  Harvey, 
of  Philadelphia,  is  president,  owns  a  tract 
near    Boyertown;    the   Bethlehem    Steel 


Utah 

Beaver  County 
C('(iar-ra/isman— Shipments  of  zinc 
ore  will  be  resumed  immediately.  This 
ore  is  being  mined  on  the  125-ft.  level 
from  a  face  of  ore  between  3  and  4  ft.  in 
thickness.  On  the  225-ft.  level,  zinc  ore 
has  been  opened  for  75  ft.  Development 
is  confined  to  the  main  fissure,  which  ex- 
tends north  and  south.  Several  hundred 
feet  of  drifting  have  been  done  on  the 
500-ft.  level,  and  has  opened  ore  1  ft.  and 
upward  in  thickness. 

Arrowhead — Development  at  this  prop- 
erty on  Indian  Peak  is  opening  up  more 
ore.  The  shaft  is  down  70  ft.,  and  drift- 
ing on  the  vein  will  be  started  at  the 
100-ft.  point.  Two  samples  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft  showed  52  per  cent,  lead 
and  28  oz.  in  silver. 

Busy  Bee — This  company,  recently  in- 
corporated, owns  claims  14  miles  north  of 
Beaver.    J.  Greenwood  is  president. 

Utah  United— The  shaft  is  down  385 
ft.,  and  will  be  continued  to  the  500  level. 
Drifting  on  the  360  level  has  opened  ore 
carrying  copper  and  iron. 

Blackbird  Copper— This  company  is 
operating  two  drills,  which  produce  a  5'  <- 
in.  core.  Some  mineralized  rock  has 
been  cut. 

Rradshaw — A  4-ft.  vein  of  iron  ore  car- 
rying ■'^10  to  Sll  in  gold  and  silver  is  be- 
ing developed.  The  property  is  east  of 
Milford,  and  is  controlled  by  Portland 
and  New  York  interests. 


Box  Elder  County 
Salt  Lake   Copper — Shipments   of   1' 
tons   of   iron    ore    daily    are   being  mac 
from  this  property  near  Tecoma. 

Juab  County 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell — The  new  hoist  wi 
put  in  commission  Sept.  23,  and  replac< 
the  buckets  used  in  shaft  sinking.  Abo 
80  ft.  more  of  work  remains  before  co 
nections  are  made  with  the  raise  from  tl 
1000- ft.  level.  It  is  thought  this  will  l' 
completed  by  Oct.  8. 

King  William — One  shift  only  is  beii 
worked,  owing  to  bad  air.  When  conne 
tions  are  made  between  the  lower  leve 
and  new  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell  shaft,  t 
forces  will   be   increased. 

North  Co/oraiio— Development  will 
started  on  these  claims  in  North  Tin 
this  week.  A  wagon  road  has  been  bui 
May  Day — Leasers  are  reported  to 
mining  good  ore,  of  which  several  shi 
ments  have  been  made.  Work  is  bei 
done  by  contract  for  the  company  on  t 
1100   level. 

Utah  Consolidated — The  wine  which 
being  sunk  to  prospect  below  the  ca 
is  down  40  feet. 

Scranton — A  new  body  of  zinc  and  le   \ 
ore  has  been  opened  from  the  lower  tt 
nel  workings,  and  has  been  crosscut  I 
90  ft.     The  Scranton  is  a  close  corpoi  j 
tion,    with    a    capital    of    30,000    shar 
owned  largely  by  Pennsylvania  people, 

Colorado — A  strong  fissure  was 
Sept.  21,  east  of  the  shaft  on  the  500- 
level.  No  ore  was  encountered,  but  I 
fissure  shows  iron  and  manganese  sta 
ing. 

Opex — Drifting  is  being  done  on  t 
2150- ft.  level.  The  ore  cut  by  the  d 
mond  drill  is  thought  to  dip  to  the  sou 
in  w^iich  case  the  Opex  has  a  chance 
getting  part  of  it. 

Iron  Blossom — A  statement  has  bf 
issued  to  stockholders  in  reply  to  inqt 
ies  regarding  the  reduced  tonnage  a 
subsequent  drop  in  the  price  of  the  st( 
on  the  Salt  Lake  exchange.  This  says 
part  that  shipments  were  discontini 
from  the  No.  1  shaft  on  account  of  an  ; 
vance  of  SI. 50  per  ton  on  smelter  tre 
ment  rates  on  silicious  gold  ores,  wh 
went  into  effect  Sept.  24.  The  mine  f 
been  producing  150  tons  per  day  ft' 
this  shaft  for  some  time,  but  has  si 
pended  operations  from  this  end  of  ' 
property.  The  south  end  of  the  mine 
stated  to  have  large  reserves  of  ore. 

Chief  Consolidated— \  financial  sta 
ment  dated  Sept.  1  shows  that  since 
incorporation  18  months  ago,  the  co 
pany  has  shipped  4052  tons  of  ore,  fr 
which  the  receipts  have  been  SI  16,4 
or  an  average  price  of  $23.50  per  t 
The  receipts  from  the  sale  of  st( 
amounted  to  $228,160.  The  ore  sa 
have  been  $2000  in  excess  of  mini 
costs.     The  net  earnings  from  SeptemI 


k 


(  ! 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


737 


shipments  are  expected  to  reach  330,000. 
The  largest  net  earnings  for  any  month 
leretofore  were  $22,900,  in  June.  The 
ihaft  is  1775  ft.  deep,  with  levels  at  in- 
ervals  of  200  ft.  The  ore  zone  has  a 
.vidth  of  about  400  ft.  The  principal  de- 
elop-nent  has  been  on  the  1400-ft.  level, 
"iov  n  to  the  900-ft.  level  the  shaft  has 
Hit  one  hoisting  compartment,  but  has 
ua    from    this    level    to   the    bottom.      It 

he  enlarged  later,  with  two  compart- 

LMts   to   the   surface.     A   new    hoist   is 

-ei"!i    unloaded    at    the    property,    and    s 

cted    to    be    in    use    within   60   days. 

will    give    four    times    the    present 

loi-^ting    capacity.      The    cages    will    be 

ioi'hle  decked  and  capable  of  lifting  two 

ons  at  a  load. 

Opohongo — Drifting  is  being  done  on 
he  450- ft.  level  on  an  orebody  which  is 
eported  to  be  18  ft.  in  width,  and  to 
un  well  in  gold  and  copper.  Connec- 
"ions  have  been  completed  on  the  400 
.ith  the  300-ft.  level  of  the  Gold  Chain, 
"he     joint    compressor    plant    is    nearly 

Ieady. 
Piute  County 

Shamrock — The  lower  tunnel  has  been 
riven  165  ft.,  the  last  45  ft.  being  on  the 
ein.  A  raise  is  71  ft.  in  ore.  The  vein 
j  6  ft.  wide  with  a  streak  of  shipping  ore 
rom  Ito  3  ft.  in  thickness.  Ore  which 
;  sorted  out  for  shipment  carries  around 
20  gold,  45  oz.  silver,  6  per  cent,  copper. 

I  Salt  Lake  County 

Utah  Copper  Company — It  is  reported 
lat  the  sulphide  mine  of  the  Boston  Con- 
olidated  has  been  closed  indefinitely,  ow- 
ng  to  the  high  cost  of  production.  The 
re  has  been  going  to  the  Garfield  smelt- 
ng  works. 

Bingham-New  Haven — The  mill  is 
landling  from  75  to  100  tons  of  ore 
ally,  and  is  reported  to  be  giving  better 
atisfaction  since  the  jigs  were  removed 
nd  the  treatment  of  the  ore  simplified, 
'he  ore  is  passed  through  two  sets  of 
creens,  classified,  and  then  sent  to  Wil- 
iey  tables. 

nilcd  States  Mining — The  compressor 

ch  has  been   in  use   for  years  at  the 

)ld    Jordan    mine    is    being    overhauled. 

"his   has   caused    operations   to    be    sus- 

icnded. 

I'tah  Copper — A  cave  occurred  Sept. 
''  in  one  of  the  porphyry  tunnels  in  the 
ioston  Consolidated  section.  One  miner 
vas  killed. 

Summit  County 
Quincy-Thompson — At  a  meeting  of 
'he  interests  promoting  this  merger  the 
luestion  of  selecting  officials  for  the  new 
'Company  was  discussed.  F.  J.  Hagen- 
|)arth  has  been  named  for  president,  and 
JC.  S.  McCornick   for  treasurer. 

New  Vorfe— Numerous  bunches  of  ga- 
ena  have  been  encountered  on  the  800- 
't.  level.  At  the  annual  meeting  Sept  13, 
he  old  board  of  directors  was  reelected. 


During  the  year  the  shaft  was  sunk  from 
the  800  to  the  1000  level,  but  on  account 
of  water,  development  has  been  done 
largely  on  the  800. 

Silver  King — The  new  electric  haulage 
system  now  being  installed,  it  is  thought 
will  be  completed  by  the  first  of  the  year. 

Washington 

Ferry  County 

El  Caliph — John  S.  Bedier,  of  Repub- 
lic, has  obtained  a  two  year  lease  on  this 
property,  and  will  develop  it. 

Swamp  King  No.  2 — This  company  has 
been  organized  and  has  made  purchase 
of  the  Peggy,  Emily  and  Morning  claims. 
M.  C.  McEntire,  of  Orient,  and  C.  J. 
Johnson,  D.  D.  McKay,  Geo.  W.  Ansley 
and  A.  B.  Railton,  of  Spokane,  have  been 
named  as  trustees 

North  Washington  Power  and  Reduc- 
tion— This  company  will,  within  30  days 
begin  the  construction  of  a  large  cyanide 
plant  at  Republic. 

Swamp  King — Rich  ore  was  recently 
struck  at  this  mine.  R.  F.  McEntire  is 
manager. 

Okanogan  County 

Molson — This  company  is  planning  ex- 
tensive underground  and  surface  develop- 
ment for  the  near  future,  including  an  in- 
crease in  the  capacity  of  the  stamp  mill. 
J.  A.  Plomert  is  manager. 

Stevens  County 

Empire  Tungsten — This  company  has 
acquired  leases  covering  215  acres.  De- 
velopment will  be  started  at  once.  W.  M. 
Luther,  W.  V.  Garrett  and  W.  W.  Meyers 
are  the  holders. 

Blue  Star — Mark  Mitchell  has  been 
elected  president  and  P.  T.  Peterson  of 
Spokane,  business  agent.  Work  is  being 
done. 

Blue  Grouse  Tungsten — This  .'.ompany 
is  considering  the  installation  of  a  samp- 
ling plant  at  Loon  Lake.  W.  A.  Brockway 
is  superintendent. 


Canada 
British  Columbia 

A  syndicate  has  been  formed  by  S.  J. 
Castleman  and  others,  of  Vancouver,  for 
taking  over  the  copper  properties  at  Ikeda 
bay,  Morsby  island.  The  syndicate  will 
enlarge  the  power  plant,  build  a  tramway 
and  make  other  improvements. 

An  extensive  coal  deposit  has  been  dis- 
covered on  Khutzeymateen  inlet,  16  miles 
north  of  Port  Simpson,  by  Indian  loggers, 
and  staked  by  their  employers. 

A  syndicate  headed  by  Norton  Griffiths, 
of  London,  has  secured  an  option  on  iron 
and  coal  property  near  Vancouver.  Plans 
are  being  made  to  develop  and  erect  a 
reduction  plant. 

Rich  placers  from  which  pans  giving 
S15  in  gold  are  reported  on  tributaries  of 
the  Naco  river  in  northern  British 
Columbia. 


Granby — At  the  stockholders'  meeting 
in  New  York,  Oct.  4,  President  Lange- 
loth,  in  reply  to  questions,  said  he  did 
not  know  how  the  news  of  the  adverse 
report  on  the  mine  had  leaked  in  advance 
of  the  submission  of  the  report  to  the 
directors  and  that  neither  himself  nor  any 
officer  had  bought  or  sold  a  share  on 
the  report.  The  stockholders  asked  if  it 
were  not  possible  to  declare  a  dividend, 
since  the  company  had  cash  and  copper 
on  hand  amounting  to  $900,000.  Presi- 
dent Langeloth  said  that,  as  the  largest 
stockholder,  he  was  opposed  to  any  divi- 
dend at  present.  Mr.  Langeloth  withdrew 
as  president  and  director  and  several  di- 
rectors resigned  also.  The  directors  who 
resigned  were  George  Crawford  Clark, 
George  Crawford  Clark,  Jr.,  H.  L.  Hig- 
ginson  and  Payne  Whitney.  To  succeed 
these  and  President  Langeloth  in  the  di- 
rectorate J.  B.  F.  Herreshoff,  G.  W. 
Wooster,  William  Hamlin,  E.  R.  Nichols 
and  Northrup   Fowler  were  elected. 

Wilcox — This  mine,  on  Wild  Horse 
creek,  will  have  a  flume  for  a  10-stamp 
mill.     W.  B.   Hundson  is  superintendent. 

International — This  company  will  pur- 
chase new  machinery  for  its  property 
near  Lillooet. 

Waterloo — This  mine  and  stamp  mill 
has  been  bonded  to  Victoria  people. 

Big  Dump — Fred  H.  Oliver  and  as- 
sociates, of  Spokane,  have  purchased  this 
property  near  Erie,  and  will  install  a 
stamp  mill. 

Ymir — Arrangements  are  being  made 
to  sink  about  500  ft.  more  on  this  prop- 
erty. 

Maestro — This  lead-silver  property  will 
be  operated  again  under  the  direction  of 
Alexander   Green,   of   Ainsworth. 

Ore  Hill — This  property  as  well  as  the 
Second  Relief  mine  will  be  largely  de- 
veloped in  the  spring.  Minneapolis  people 
have  control.  A.  D.  Westby  is  repre- 
sentative. 

St.  Eugene — The  slime  plant  at  this 
mine  has  been  purchased  by  the  Con- 
solidated Mining  and  Smelting  Company, 
of  Nelson,  and  will  be  converted  into  an 
experimental  mill. 

Kootenay  Belt — The  contract  for  driv- 
ing the  100-ft.  tunnel  on  this  property 
has  been   let. 

Kingston  Gold  and  Copper — This  prop- 
erty, at  Hedley,  has  been  bonded  to  the 
Redeemable  Trust  Company,  of  Boston, 
which  will  make  extensive  improvements. 

Ontario 

Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Sept.  24  were:  Buffalo,  v53.900 
lb.;  Chambers- Ferland,  64,000;  Cobalt 
Townsite,  64,000;  Crown  Reserve,  201,- 
820;  King  Edward,  42,110;  McKinley- 
Darragh,  55,650;  Nipissing,  471.870; 
Silver  Cliff,  55,950;  Trethewey,  42,150; 
total,    1,051,440    pounds. 


738 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


1 


Bailey — Some  rich  ore  has  been  en- 
countered in  a  drift  at  the  232-ft.  level 
which  is  being  run  in  the  direction  of 
the  Cobalt  Central  workings. 

Chambcrs-Ferland — A  report  of  Sept. 
22  shows  a  cash  balance  of  $106,456. 
The  condition  of  the  mine  has  not  greatly 
changed  since  the  annual  report.  The  re- 
serves are  placed  at  146,700  ounces. 

Cobalt  Lake— The  raise  from  the  280- 
ft.  level  to  the  190-ft.  level  on  vein  No. 
6  passes  through  ore  all  the  way.  At 
240  ft.  a  drift  has  been  started  on  an 
intermediate  level  where  the  vein  is  2  in. 
wide  of  high-grade  ore  with  leaf  silver 
in  the  wall  rock.  Another  drift  which  is 
being  run  north  from  the  East  crosscut 
on  the  280-ft.  level  has  cut  several 
Cobalt  stringers. 

Little  Nipissing — A  4-in.  vein  has  been 
struck  at  the  75-ft.  level. 

Kerr  Lake — The  annual  report  covering 
year  ended  Aug.  31  shows  total  net  reve- 
nue $1,542,194,  expenses  $343,974— bal- 
ance 81,198,220  dividends,  $1,050,000; 
surplus  $148,220.  This  leaves  a  decrease 
in  the  surplus  as  compared  with  1909  of 
$480,827.  The  production  of  silver  for 
the  year  was  3,046,295  oz.,  the  total  cost 
of  production  per  oz.  being  13.27c.  and 
the  mining  cost  7.54c.  per  ounce. 

Buffalo — The  August  mill  report  shows 
a  recovery  of  113,204  oz.  from  3303  tons 
averaging  41.39  oz.  per  ton.  Milling  ex- 
penses were  $5468.  The  assay  of  the 
mill  rock  is  much  higher  than  formerly. 

Scottish  Ontario — This  Porcupine  com- 
pany will  put  in  a  small  stamp  mill  for 
testing.  The  shaft  is  down  100  ft.  and 
crosscutting  has  commenced. 

Porcupine  Cold  Mines — A  small  steam 
plant  and  one  stamp  for  sampling  has 
been  ordered.  There  are  5  tons  of  picked 
ore  on  hand  stated  to  be  worth  $1000  per 
ton. 

Allie  Island — In  this  copper  property  in 
the  Kenora  district,  owned  by  Doctor 
Scovil,  a  shaft  is  down  40  ft.,  at  which 
depth  the  ore  has  improved. 

St.  Anthony's  Reef— This  gold  mine 
was  recently  reopened.  The  shaft  is 
down  146  ft.  and  free  gold  is  being  ex- 
tracted. It  is  at  Sturgeon  lake  in  western 
Ontario. 

Quebec 

Amalgamated  Asbestos — A  meeting  of 
directors  called  for  Sept.  29  to  decide 
upon  the  preferred-stock  dividend  due 
Oct.  1  was  adjourned  for  a  month,  indi- 
cating that  the  dividend  has  been  passed. 

Yukon   Territory 

The  power  plant  of  the  Northern  Light, 
Power  and  Coal  Company,  40  miles  from 
Dawson,  is  nearing  completion.  This  plant 
will  cost  about  $2,000,000.  This  com- 
pany holds  large  coal  tracts  in  this  sec- 
tion. 

Dome  Lode — Work  on  these  properties 
will  be  continued  in  the  hope  of  striking 


the  Lost  Chord  vein.     D.  J.  McDoland  is 
superintendent. 

Atlas — The  machinery  for  this  mine  has 
been  installed,  and  shipping  will  begin  at 
an  early  date.  About  $45,000  was  spent 
in  improvements.  Wilton  Greenough,  of 
Spokane,  is  president. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 

Rio  Plata — The  August  production  was 
83,114  fine  ounces  and  the  September 
output  is  as  large. 

Republica—The  lower  levels  are  un- 
watered  and  mining  is  under  way.  Nor- 
mal production  will  be  made  from  now 
on.  J.  Gordon  Hardy,  consulting  engineer, 
is  at  the  property. 

Calera — Since  the  cessation  of  mill- 
ing operations,  35  men  have  been  em- 
ployed in  development  in  the  mine,  F.  J. 
Kyle  in  charge. 

Lolita  Mines  Company— This  company, 
operating  several  lead-copper-gold  prop- 
erties in  the  San  Bias  range  in  proximity 
to  Barrila  station  of  the  Mexico  North- 
western in  the  northern  part  of  the  State, 
is  figuring  on  diamond-drill  explorations. 
The  manager  is  William  C.  Gruber,  of 
El  Paso. 

DURANGO 

La  Coronada — This  group,  at  Mapimi, 
has  been  sold  to  a  Chicago  and  Detroit 
syndicate,  by  Messrs.  Mitchell  and 
Saviers.     Development  will  be  done. 

Reyes  Mining  and  Smelting  Company 
— The  El  Paso  Foundry  and  Machine 
Company  has  shipped  a  50-ton  silver-lead 
furnace  to  La  Mancha  station  for  the 
company.  The  company  owns  nearly  a 
hundred  mining  claims  in  the  Reyes  dis- 
trict. O.  O.  .Mattox,  of  Torreon,  Coah.,  is 
one  of  the  largest  stockholders.  W.  H. 
Daily  is  in  charge  of  the  smelting  de- 
partment. 

Guanajuato 

San  Angelo — Joseph  Allan  has  sold  his 
interest  to  C.  W.  Kahl  and  J.  J.  Lawrence 
also  interested  in  the  company.  The  prop- 
erty is  at  Guanajuato. 

Los  Gemelos — This  Guanajuato  mine 
has  installed  a  20-h.p.  hoist  and  will  sink 
the  main  shaft  now  down  200  feet. 

Oro  Grande — French  capital  will  be 
largely  interested  in  this  company  at  La 
Luz. 

Hidalgo 

Arcvalo  —  The  Nepton  tunnel  at  EI 
Chico  has  cut  this  vein  2200  ft.  from  the 
portal  encountering  milling  ore  entirely 
across  the  vein  and  for  four  m.  in  the 
hanging  wall  averaging  1800  grams  of 
silver  and  8  grams  of  gold  per  ton.  The 
tunnel  will  be  extended  to  cut  the  San 
Pedro  vein  to  the  south  of  the  Arevalo 
vein. 

So NORA 

Pacific  Smelting  and  Mining  Company 
— President  Melbert  B.  Gary  announces 


that  the  company  has  acquired  the  lead- 
silver  smeltery,  at  Guaymas,  togethei 
with  the  concession  from  the  State  oi 
Sonora,  giving  exclusive  rights  for  a  long 
term  of  years.  The  plant  is  on  the  Bay 
of  Guaymas  on  tidewater  and  on  the  rail- 
road. Its  present  capacity  is  150  tons 
per  day.  While  in  no  way  delaying  ar- 
rangements to  start  the  Fundicion  smelt- 
ery, General  Manager  De  Kalb  will  im- 
mediately modernize  the  Guaymas  plani 
and  put  it  into  commission,  and  is  now 
making  contracts  for  ores.  As  a  resull 
of  this  acquisition  the  company  will 
not  build  a  furnace  for  the  smelting  ol 
lead-silver  ores  at  Fundicion,  as  had  beer 
the  intention,  but  will  use  that  plant  ex- 
clusively for  copper  ores.  The  construc- 
tion of  a  converter  plant  at  Fundicion  i; 
contemplated,  and  bids  for  the  same  art 
being  received.  The  management  an- 
nounces the  appointment  of  Walter  Har- 
vey Weed,  as  consulting  geologist-  Tht 
company  has  recently  strengthened  its 
position  financially  and  announces  thai 
the  present  plans  of  starting  operations 
will  be  carried  out  as  fast  as  is  practic- 
able, and  that  there  is  no  truth  in  tht 
reports  of  a   sale   of   the   property. 

Greenc-Cananea — The  1500  kw.  tur 
bine,  which  yielded  practically  all  of  thi 
electrical  power  supplied  by  the  mair 
power  plant  was  so  severely  damagec 
by  lightning  last  week  that  it  may  neve; 
be  in  commission  again.  With  the  ex 
ception  of  the  Elisa  mine,  steam  can  bt 
utilized  with  no  curtailment  in  produc- 
tion, and  all  electrically  driven  units  ir 
the  reduction  division  can  be  operated  b} 
the  reserve  engines.  Work  has  startec 
in  the  canon  below  the  concentrator  wit! 
a  view  of  raising  all  existing  impoundins 
dams  to  a  hight  that  will  prevent  tht 
floods  which  occur  during  the  rainy  sea 
son  from  carrying  the  tailings  away  witl 
the  overflow. 

Purdy  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Com 
pany — This  company,  operating  at  Pilare: 
de  Teras,  has  ceased  operations  temper 
arily  to  permit  the  installation  of  21 
stamps  and  the  placing  of  other  machin 
ery. 

River  Copper  Company — This  compan\ 
is  developing  on  the  Yaqui  river  near  tht 
San  Antonio  mine.  John  R.  Wood  is  it 
charge  and  Duluth  capital  is  working  tht^ 
undertaking. 

Zacatecas 

El  Refugio — This  gold  mine  in  tht 
Pinos  district  is  being  developed  by  ar 
English  company,  which  recently  pur- 
chased it.  A  large  tonnage  of  quart? 
milling   ore   is   in   sight. 

San  Roberto—This  mine,  at  Zacatecas 
is  shipping  to  Aguascalientes.  It  was 
under  bond  to  the  Cape  Copper  Com- 
pany, of  London,  for  some  time  but  haf 
reverted  to  the  owners,  C.  A.  Bently  and 
J.  D.  Petite. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


739 


y  J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


^       j^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 

New  York,  Oct  5 — In  the  West  the  coal 
mines  are  reported  active  almost  every- 
where. The  demand  is  strong,  and  con- 
sumers generally  have  very  small  stocks 
on  hand.  Shipments  just  now  are  limited 
only  by  the  supply  of  cars;  as  to  this 
there  are  many  complaints.  The  Illinois 
mines  which  lately  resumed  are  not  up  to 
their  full  production  yet,  and  probably 
will  not  be  for  10  days  or  more.  Besides 
Indiana  and  Ohio  coal  a  great  deal  of 
West  Virginia  coal  is  stiil  going  to  the 
West  and  Northwest.  The  Lake  trade  is 
still  active,  though  the  large  shipments 
earlier  in  the  season  will  probably  be  suf- 
ficient to  prevent  the  rush  which  often 
comes  at  the  end  of  the  navigation  sea- 
son. Until  the  Lake  shipments  close  not 
much  improvement  can  be  expected  in 
car  supply.  Even  then  there  will  be 
trouble,  as  a  large  part  of  the  West  has  a 
big  shortage  to  make  up. 

The  seaboard  bituminous  trade  is  show- 
ing an  improvement  in  demand  and  prices, 
and  looks  better  than  it  has  for  some 
time.  Coal  is  being  taken  more  freely. 
Prices  are  firmer  accordingly,  and  the 
demand  from  the  West  has  also  had  an 
effect  upon  them.  In  seaboard  territory 
there  is  very  little  trouble  about  the  car 
supply,  which  is  an  important  element  in 
the  West. 

The  anthracite  trade  is  moving  about  as 
usual,  with  only  moderate  degrees  of  va- 
riation. A  better  demand  for  steam  coal 
is  reported. 

New  Anthracite  Road — It  is  stated  that 
all  the  right  of  way  has  been  obtained  for 
the  extension  of  the  Lehigh  &  New  Eng- 
land road  from  Danielsville,  near  Slating- 
ton,  Penn.,  to  Tamaqua.  and  that  con- 
struction will  soon  be  begun.  This  exten- 
sion will  be  31  miles  long,  and  will  fur- 
nish a  direct  connection  from  the  col- 
lieries of  the  Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation 
Company  to  the  Poughkeepsie  Bridge  line 
to  New  England.  Such  a  connection  has 
been  desired   for  some  time. 

Coal   Traffic    Notes 
Coal  shipments  over  Norfolk  &  West- 
ern  railway,    two   months   of   fiscal    year 
from  July  1  to  Aug.  31.  short  tons: 

Coin-  Ctim- 

FlWil :                  mi-rclal.  pany.  Total. 

i  Pocah.iiitas l.nril.HlT  KKfi"'.!  'i.oan.liie 

;  TuK  Rlvnr 2r.l.2Bri  7ll.8.'i4  S32.110 

ThackiT •iH-.t.^m  ii7,:)r.K  :t«i,7.i7 

Knnovn ]0i).40«  25.li(B  lH.'i.ni:) 

Clinch  Valley liR.mi  ii.940  l.W.s:^ 

Total •J,r.r.i.4M       :t,v.i,44i;      :i,i«i,'.pio 

'      The  Pocahontas    field     furnished    66.9 
per  cent,  of  the  total  tnnnag". 


Coal  delivered  by  the  Virginian  railway 
to  tidewater  at  Sewall's  Point  in  August 
was  116,870  short  tons.  For  the  eight 
months  ended  Aug.  31,  the  total  was  102,- 
611  tons  in  1P09,  and  1,174,611  in  1910; 
increase,  1,072,000  tons. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Oct.  5 — Trade  locally  is  improving, 
and  more  coal  is  being  taken  for  winter 
storage.  Steam  sizes  are  also  more  ac- 
tive than  they  have  been.  Production  is 
increasing.  The  large  Reading  collieries 
are  now  running  five  days  a  week,  a  day 
more  than   for  several  weeks  past. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  broken  and  $5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
S2.95rr(3.25;  buckwheat,  S2.15rr,  2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  S1.65''a2;  bar- 
ley, f<\.35rii  1.50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.    New   York   harbor. 

Bituminous 

There  is  a  distinct  improvement  in 
trade,  a  better  demand  all  around.  Or- 
ders are  coming  in  and  there  is  no  dif- 
culty  in  placing  coal.  The  demand  in 
the  West  still  has  a  strong  reflex  ef- 
fect on  the  seaboard,  taking  much  coal 
which  would  otherwise  come  here.  For 
instance,  it  is  not  easy  just  now  to  get 
West  Virginia  coal,  unless  it  is  under 
contract;  the  mines  are  all  busy  on  or- 
ders from  the  West,  and  are  not  ship- 
ping free  coal  to  tidewater,  because  they 
have  none  to  spare. 

Prices  are  better.  Gas  coals  bring  at 
least  10c.  per  ton  more,  and  low-volatile 
steam  coals  10  or  15c.  more.  The  ad- 
vance has  not  checked  demand. 

Transportation  is  generally  good,  and 
car  supply  is  sufficient  for  the  trade  on 
most  roads.  On  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
there  are  some  delays,  but  this  is  chiefly 
due  to  the  large  amount  of  construction 
work  in  progress  in  the  way  of  additional 
tracks,  new  yards,  etc.  This  interferes 
temporarily  with  the  free  movement  of 
trains  and  the  distribution  of  cars. 

In  the  Coastwise  market  vessels  are  in 
demand  and  rates  have  advanced.  For 
large  vessels  from  Philadelphia  quota- 
tions are:  Boston,  Salem  and  Portland, 
70'V(75c.;  Portsmouth.  75^/ 80c.;  Lynn, 
Newburyport  and  Bath.  SOoiS^c;  Ban- 
gor, 95c.''"  ."11.  From  New  York  harbor 
small  boats  are  asking  60'';  65c.  to  points 
around  Cape  Cod ;  40^1 45c.  to  Provi- 
dence  and  Sound   ports. 


Birmingham 
Oct.  4 — The  coal  trade  in  Alabama  con- 
tinues active  as  it  has  been,  and 
some  mining  companies  claim  that  they 
could  do  even  better  if  they  could 
get  more  labor.  The  low  water  in  the 
Ohio  river,  stopping  shipments  from  Pitts- 
burg, has  brought  to  Alabama  mines  a 
good  deal  of  business  from  cities  along 
the  river.  The  extra  demand  which  came 
from  the  West  during  the  strikes  there  is 
about  over,  but  the  mines  are  still  busy. 
Home  consumption  is  improving. 

Chicago 

Oct.  4 — Illinois  coals  are  coming  in 
more  freely,  and  the  market  will  soon 
come  back  to  its  usual  condition.  Buy- 
ing is  good,  most  consumers  being  low  in 
stocks.  There  is  some  delay  in  deliveries 
and  complaints  are  heard  that  cars  are 
hard  to  get  at  the  mines.  Thus  far  there 
has  been  no  fall  in  prices.  Illinois  and 
Indiana  coals  bring  S2.75'i/3.50  for  lump, 
$2.30r(/2.50  for  run-of-mine  and  SZ.lOra 
2.40    for   screenings. 

Hocking  remains  in  good  demand  at 
S3. 25  for  lump.  Smokeless  is  about  S3.90 
for  lump  and  S3. 30  for  run-of-mine,  with 
only  a  moderate  demand.  There  is  little 
doing  in  anthracite. 


Cleveland 

Oct.  3 — There  is  a  good  deal  of  coal 
still  being  shipped  by  Lake.  In  fact  that 
trade  is  taking  most  of  the  coal  coming 
in.  The  domestic  trade  is  active,  but 
supplies  come  in  slowly  owing  to  the 
shortage  of  cars.  More  cars  is  the  cry 
everywhere. 

Prices  are  firm.  Middle  district  coal, 
f.o.b.  Cleveland,  is  S2.15  for  1,'4-in., 
S1.90  for  i4-in.,  S1.80  for  run-of-mine, 
S1.55ral.70  for  slack.  No.  8  and  Cam- 
bridge districts  5  or  10c.  higher.  Poca- 
hontas is  quoted  $3.35  for  lump  and  S2.60 
for  run-of-mine,  but  is  hard  to  get  and 
25c.  premium  has  been  paid. 

Indianapolis 
Oct.  3 — The  output  of  some  of  the 
Indiana  coal  mines  has  been  seriously  af- 
fected during  the  past  week.  This  was 
due  to  a  shortage  of  cars  and  the  laying 
off  by  the  miners  who  have  been  work- 
ing incessantly  all  summer.  The  short- 
age began  nearly  two  weeks  ago,  and  is 
becoming  more  seriously  daily.  In  the 
Linton  field  2000  miners  decided  to  have 
a  holiday  in  order  to  attend  the  Buffalo 
Bill  show.  Nearly  300  men  at  the  Free- 
man mine,  in  Gibson  county,  are  out  on 
1  strike  because  the  mining  company  re- 
fused   to   discharge    the   electrician,    who 


740 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


went  to  work  May  14,  the  day  before  the 
temporary  agreement  was  reached.  He 
refused  to  pay  the  fines  assessed  against 
him  and  the  men  have  refused  to  work 
with  him.  The  Atwood  &  Peabody  mine, 
near  Shelburn.  has  been  ordered  closed 
by  the  State  mine  inspector  because  of 
bad  ventilation;  100  men  are  idle  because 
of  this  order. 

The  demand  for  domestic  coal  is  more 
insistent  and  the  price  is  moving  upward. 
Every  mine  in  Indiana  could  run  at  full 
capacity  for  a  week  or  10  days  before 
clearing  the  order  books  as  they  read 
today. 


Pittsburg 

Oct.  4 — There  is  no  change  in  the  coal 
situation.  Demand  is  fair,  and  prices  are 
about  as  well  maintained  as  formerly. 
We  quote  as  the  regular  market:  Mine- 
run  and  nut,  S1.20f((  1.22;  j;  n-in.,  $1.30 
@1.32H;  domestic  \]4-in..  S1.45@ 
lAT/j;  slack,  lSC(i82'/,c.  per  ton. 

Connellsvilie  Coke — The  market  has 
been  quiet  as  regards  actual  transactions, 
but  deliveries  are  well  taken  and  no  coke 
is  pressing  on  the  market.  A  few  sales 
of  moderate  lots  of  furnace  coke  have 
been  made  for  early  delivery  at  $1.60, 
and  this  remains  the  minimum  of  the 
market.  There  has  been  occasional  in- 
quiry from  furnaces  as  to  contracts  for 
next  year,  but  coke  sellers  are  not  ready 
to  take  up  negotiations  as  yet,  as  the 
market  would  not  promise  materially  bet- 
ter prices  than  those  now  ruling,  and  a 
waiting  policy  is  regarded  as  the  best. 
We  continue  to  quote  standard  grades  of 
Connellsvilie  coke  as  follows:  Prompt 
furnace,  S1.60''«  1.65;  contract  furnace 
(nominal),  51.75^7  1.85;  prompt  foundry, 
$2.10r/(2.25;  contract  foundry,  S2.2b(<i 
2.50  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  week  ended  Sept.  24,  at  344,765  tons, 
an  increase  of  1000  tons,  and  shipments 
at  3805  cars  to  Pittsubrg,  5868  cars  to 
points  west  and  852  cars  to  points  east, 
a  total  of  10,525  cars. 


St.  Louis 

Oct.  5 — The  market  on  steam  coal 
during  the  past  week  has  suffered  a  se- 
vere slump;  screenings  and  mine-run 
were  on  the  market  in  great  profusion 
during  the  last  few  days.  This  is  due 
partly  to  the  natural  conditions  and  part- 
ly to  manipulation.  Railways  and  large 
buyers  have  all  stopped  buying  for  a 
short  time  in  hopes  that  the  additional 
tonnage  thrown  on  the  market  would 
break  the  price.  In  addition  to  this  the 
tonnage  has  been  extremely  large  and 
the  weather  unusually  warm  for  this  time 
of  the  year. 

One  of  the  biggest  car  shortages  in  the 
history  of  the  coal  trade  is  anticipated 
during  the  next  few  weeks.  Railroads 
are    having    difficulty    in    keeping    mines 


supplied  with  cars  now  and  already  the 
most  severe  restrictions  have  been  placed 
upon  equipment  ever  known  in  the  coal 
trade. 

The  Illinois  Central,  Belleville  Electric, 
Louisville  &  Nashville,  and  a  number  of 
other  roads  will  not  let  their  cars  go  off 
their  own  rails  or  outside  the  switching 
limits  of  St.  Louis.  This  will  cause  dis- 
tress in  the  country  and  will  make  the 
jobbers  use  every  possible  trick  they  can 
to  reconsign  cars  into  the  forbidden  ter- 
ritory. This  naturally  forces  a  bigger 
tonnage  on  the  St  Louis  market   locally. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 

St. 
Illinois,  Standard:  Mine.     Louis. 

6-ln.  lump  and  egg $2,00     $2.52 

2-in.  lump 1.85       2.37 

Mine-run 160       2.12 

Screenings 1  ■  20       1.72 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 2.30       3  02 

3-in.  nut 2.00       2.32 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 2.00  2.52 

2-in.  mil 1.60  2.12 

Mine-run 1 .65  2   17 

Screenings 1 .  50  2  02 

CavterviUe: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 2  00  2.67 

3-in.  nut 2,00  2.67 

Mine-run 1.60  2.07 

Screenings 1-25  1 .  92 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 1.90       4.40 

Mine-run 1.35       4.00 

Pennsylvania  Anthracite: 

Nut,  stove  or  egg 6.95 

Grate 6.70 

Arkansas  .\nthracite: 

Egg  or  Grate 2.35  5.33 

Coke: 

Connellsvilie  foundry 5 .  40 

Gas  house 4 .  90 

Smithing 4.15 

Anthracite — The  market  continues  to 
be  active  and  the  demand  for  all  sizes  is 
exceptionally  good. 


SJIlRONTRADEREVlEW   2 


FOREIGN- COAL-TRADE 


French  Coal — The  official  report  of 
coal  production  in  France  for  the  half- 
year  ended  June  30,  gives  the  following: 
Nord  and  Pas-du-Culais,  12,537,805; 
Loire  and  Card,  2,929,685;  Bourgcgne 
and  Nivernais,  1,025,725;  other  districts, 
2,117,871;  total,  18,611,086  metric  tons, 
an  increase  of  402,921  tons. 

Belgian  Coal — Coal  production  in 
Belgium  half  year  ended  June  30  was 
11,559,745  metric  tons  in  1909,  and  11,- 
828,990  in  1910;  increase,  269,245  tons. 
There  were  141,777  persons,  employed 
at  the  coal  mines  this  year. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull 
BIyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
current  prices  of  Welsh  coal  as  follows, 
on  Sept.  24:  Best  Welch  steam,  S3.90: 
seconds,  $3.78;  thirds,  $3.60;  dry  coals, 
$3.60;  best  Monmouthshire,  $3.54;  sec- 
onds, $3.36;  best  steam  smalls,  $2.04; 
seconds,  $1.80.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days, 
less  2' J  per  cent,  discount. 


New  York,  Oct.  5 — The  opening  of 
October  seems  to  have  brought  greater 
activity  to  the  iron  and  steel  markets. 
Business  is  better,  both  in  specifications 
on  contracts  and  in  new  sales  in  differ- 
ent lines.  This  is  the  result  of  a  com- 
plexity of  causes.  While  the  expectation  j 
of  large  and  general  reduction  in  prices  i 
has  disappeared,  on  the  other  hand  the 
market  has  been  relieved  of  the  incubus  ( 
of  any  probable  concerted  effort  to  raise 
quotations,  and  rests  in  the  belief  that 
there  will  at  least  be  an  open  competi- 
tion. The  crop  reports  are  better,  and  a 
year  of  fairly  good  general  purchasing 
power  is  to  be  expected.  The  deadlock 
in  pig  iron  shows  signs  of  breaking  up, 
and  makers  are  beginning  to  give  way 
and  take  1911  contracts  on  something 
like  the  current  basis  of  prices.  The 
drawback  is  the  general  holding  back  of 
the  railroads,  whicTi  some  people  think  is 
a  concerted  movement,  for  effect  on  the 
rate  situation.  Whether  this  is  so  or  not, 
railroad  orders  are  almost  entirely  ab- 
sent. An  exception  is  an  order  from  the 
Atlantic  Coast  Line  for  15,000  tons  of 
rails,  which  will  be  ordered  at  Ensley. 

In  pig  iron  there  has  been  a  fair 
amount  of  buying  of  foundry  iron  in 
Eastern  territory,  but  chiefly  in  lots  of 
moderate  size.  There  are  a  number  of 
inquiries  for  iron  for  first-quarter  de- 
liveries, and  sellers  are  less  insistent 
than  they  have  been  on  higher  prices  for 
that  class  of  business.  While  stocks  are 
being  slowly  worked  down  at  merchant 
furnaces,  they  are  still  large  enough  to 
cause  some  anxiety,  and  makers  evi- 
dently begin  to  feel  that  it  would  be  bet- 
ter to  have  empty  yards,  even  at  some 
sacrifice  of  profits.  Buyers  are  not  going 
to  pay  more  as  long  as  they  know  the 
stocks   are   there. 

In  finished  material,  small  orders  keep 
coming  in  for  structural  steel  and  some 
large  tonnages  are  in  sight,  or  actually 
under  negotiation.  Bars  are  fairly  ac- 
tive, as  are  wire  products,  including 
nails.  The  leading  interest  announces 
an  adjustment  of  the  card  prices  of  pipe  . 
and  of  sheets,  which  will  make  the  nom- 
inal rates  accord  with  those  that  have 
been  actually  paid.  Otherwise  the  mar- 
ket   has   been    rather    quiet. 

It  is  stated  that  the  agreement,  undei 
which  a  number  of  large  concerns  using 
scrap  iron  and  steel  have  been  buying 
through  a  central  agency,  is  to  be  given 
up;  and  the  companies  concerned  will 
go  back  to  the  old  plan  of  buying  on  the 
open  market.  One  reason  given  is  that 
several  of  the  parties  concerned  are  not 
satisfied  with  the  way  (n  which  the  buy- 
ing has  been  managed;  another  and  pos- 
sibly a  stronger  one  is  that  the  author- 
ities at  Washington  have  intimated  that 
the  agreement  will  be  investigated  as  a 
possible  violation  of  the   anti-trust  laws. 


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


741 


Wire  Rods — The  American  Iron  and  Steel 
Association  reports  the  make  of  wire  rods 
in  1909  at  2,335,685  tons.  The  produc- 
tion for  10  years  has  been  in  long  tons: 

IflOO S4(!,2niil!l(l.-> 1,808,088 

lllOl 1, .•!(!.-.,;).•!-»  I  llKHi 1,871,014 

1902 l,.-,-4,:;'.):!|l'.l07 2.017,583 

l<10:i l..-.o:!.4.'i.">ll!)08 l.Sl(i,!)4!) 

1004 l,r.o;), 0281 100!) 2,33o,(i8,^ 

In  1908  there  were  509  tons  rolled  from 
wrought  iron;  in  1909  all  the  make  was 
of  steel.  Wire  rods  were  rolled  last  year 
in  32  mills,  and  two  more  mills  were  in 
course  of  erection. 


Baltimore 

Oct.  4 — E.xports  from  the  port  of  Bal- 
timore for  the  week  included  172,220  lb. 
zinc  dross  and  3,940,800  lb.  steel  billets  to 
Liverpool;  125,800  lb.  spelter  to  Antwerp. 
Imports  included  55  tons  manganese  ore 
fiom  Rotterdam;  5800  tons  iron  ore  from 
Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Oct  4 — Alabama  ironmakers  profess 
to  see  some  improvement  in  the  market. 
There  are  more  sales,  and  a  good  many 
more  inquiries  right  now.  Buyers  are 
asking  for  prices  on  deliveries  in  the  first 
quarter  and  the  first  half  of  1911,  but  the 
ir4akers  are  not  ready  to  take  such  orders 
at  the  prices  now  prevailing.  The  pres- 
ent quotations  are  SI  1.25  and  SI  1.50  for 
No.  2  foundry.  Some  iron  is  said  to  have 
been  sold  at  Sll,  but  it  is  believed  to  be 
iron  bought  for  speculation,  which  the 
holders  have  to  unload.  The  stocks  in 
the  furnace  yards  were  reduced  last 
month,  sales  absorbing  the  current  pro- 
duction, and  probably  more. 

Pipe  works  keep  on  doing  well  and 
melting  a  good  deal  of  iron.  Foundries 
and  machine  shops  report  more  orders 
coming  in.  The  steel  works  are  doing 
better  than  they  have  been. 


Chicago 
Oct.  4 — The  buying  of  small  lots  for 
needs  of  melters  from  30  to  60  days 
ahead  continues  to  make  up  a  fair  ag- 
gregate. In  business  running  beyond  this 
year  there  is  practically  nothing,  as  sellers 
will  not  yet  agree  to  take  present  prices 
on  next  year,  and  buyers  will  not  give 
more.  On  the  whole,  it  is  a  waiting 
market  on  such  business.  On  short  de- 
liveries prices  are  unchanged  at  Sll'*/ 
11.50  Birmingham  ( SI 5.35 rr/ 15.85  Chi- 
cago) for  Southern  and  S16.25(r7  16.75  for 
ji   Northern  No.  2  foundry. 

Cleveland 

Oct.  3 — It  is  understood  that  there  will 
be  an  early  closing  of  the  iron-ore  move- 
ment. The  Pittsburg  Steamship  Company 
has  given  notice  that  deliveries  to  its 
chartered  boats  will  close  by  Oct.  15.  This 
means  that  most  Steel  Corporation  mines 
will  be  shut  down  by  that  time. 

Pig  Iron — Inquiries  are  out  for  at  least 
two  large  lots  of  basic  pig,  and  for  half 


a  dozen  smaller  lots  of  foundry.  Several 
sales  of  No.  2  foundry  have  been  closed 
for  fourth-quarter  delivery.  Quotations 
remain  S15.65r((  15.90  for  bessemer; 
S14.50r,(  14.75  for  No.  2  foundry;  S14r,( 
14.25  for  gray  forge;  S18c«  18.50  for  Lake 
Superior  charcoal;  all  Cleveland  delivery. 
Finished  Material — Now  sales  include 
several  small  structural  orders,  some 
trolley  rails,  some  track  supplies  and  iron 
bars.  Specifications  on  contracts  are 
coming  in  quite  freely. 


Philadelphia 

Ost.  5 — The  only  noticeable  difference 
in  the  pig-iron  situation  is  in  the  receipt 
of  inquiries  from  a  few  large  consumers 
in  this  and  New  England  territory  for 
iron  for  delivery  early  next  year.  Elec- 
trical plants  and  large  consumers  have 
gone  so  far  as  to  state  their  prospective 
requirements  for  the  first  quarter,  and 
to  show  a  disposition  to  take  advantage 
of  the  present  situation.  Eastern  Penn- 
sylvania makers  have  not  modified  quota- 
tions and  show  no  disposition  to  attract 
late  delivery  business.  Southern  furnace 
interests  are  making  attractive  quotations 
and  it  is  probable  some  pending  business 
will  be  lost  to  furnaces  in  this  territory. 
Malleable  and  forge  iron  is  moving  in 
moderate  quantities  for  pressing  needs. 
Southern  forge  has  been  quoted  as  low 
as  $14,  and  Northern  as  low  as  $14.50. 
Southern  No.  2  X  foundry  $15.50,  and 
best  Northern  $16.25,  which  can  be  shad- 
ed on  a  large  order. 

Steel  Billets — For  various  reasons  us- 
ers of  steel  billets  are  postponing  defi- 
nite action  on  large  supplies  and  continue 
to  buy  in  a  hand-to-mouth  way.  Makers 
refuse  the  slightest  concession. 

Bars — The  output  of  bars  has  been 
slightly  curtailed,  and  further  curtailment 
is  predicted  unless  the  slight  accumula- 
tion of  assorted  stock  is  reduced.  Quo- 
tations remain  as  heretofore,  though  con- 
sessions  are  occasionally  heard  of. 

Sheets — The  distribution  of  sheet  iron 
is  quite  active  on  old  orders.  New  orders 
are  generally  small.  The  larger  consum- 
ers are  awaiting  developments.  Stocks 
are  ample  but  not  depressing. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — The  heavy  consump- 
tion of  tubes  continues  and  there  are 
running  understandings  or  contracts  for 
supplies. 

Plates — Plate  capacity  is  not  fully  em- 
ployed. Car  builders  are  slow  in  calling 
for  deliveries  and  the  smaller  plate  con- 
sumers are   hanging  back. 

Structural  Material — The  market  is  duU 
as  to  new  business,  which  is  made  up  of 
unimportant  orders,  but  it  is  strong  be- 
cause the  mills  have  quite  a  volume  of 
work  booked. 

Steel  Rails — The  only  orders  reported 
relate  to  small  quantities  for  industrial 
concerns  and  two  or  three  orders  for 
trollev  rails. 


Old. 

New. 

.$2.40 

$2.20 

3.50 

3.20 

1.75 

1.05 

1.70 

1.00 

3.00 

2.80 

Scrap — Scrap  has  weakened  all  around, 
with  the  exception  of  No.  I  railroad, 
which  is  held  at  full  price. 

Pittsburg 
Oct.  4 — The  week  has  been  fruitful  of 
readjustments  in  prices.  The  American 
Sheet  and  Tin  Plate  Company  adopted 
new  scales,  reducing  its  former  official 
prices,  which  had  become  purely  nominal 
through  the  extensive  shading  which  be- 
gan early  in  the  year,  and  at  the  same 
time  making  material  changes  in  the  dif- 
ferentials between  gages  in  galvanized 
sheets  and  in  both  painted  and  galvanized 
corrugated  roofing.  The  old  and  new  offi- 
cial prices  are  as  follows: 

Rliick   shcet.s,   28  gajje 

Calvanlzed  siieets,^  28  sage 

RIuc  anin'alod,  10  gage 

I'ainltMi  corrugated.  28  gage.  . .  . 
Galvanized    eorrugated,    28   gage 

The  open  market  had  been  about  $1  a 
ton  lower  than  these  new  prices,  all  along 
the  line,  but  had  been  showing  signs  of 
stiffening,  and  it  is  possible  the  new 
prices  will  hold.  They  can  be  quoted  as 
the  market  for  the  time  being.  In  the 
rearrangement  of  prices  on  gages,  the 
differentia!  between  30  and  29  gage  is  re- 
duced from  25c.  to  20c.  per  100  lb., 
equivalent  to  a  reduction  of  SI  a  ton  more 
on  30  gage  than  on  28  gage.  The  spreads 
to  the  heavier  gages  were  reduced,  mak- 
ing the  reduction  on  heavier  gages  less 
than  on  28  gage.  The  same  policy  was 
followed  in  rearranging  spreads  between 
gages  of  corrugated  material. 

Effective  Oct.  1,  the  National  Tube 
Company  promulgated  a  new  list  of  dis- 
counts on  merchant  pipe,  involving  the 
most  radical  readjustments  in  relative 
prices  of  different  sizes  made  for  many 
years.  E.xamples  of  extreme  changes  are 
that  steel  pipe  7  to  12  in.,  inclusive,  is  cut 
three  points,  or  about  $6  per  ton,  while 
4K'  to  6  in.,  inclusive,  is  advanced  one 
point  or  about  S2  per  ton  and  2-in.  lap- 
weld  is  advanced  two  points,  or  about  $4 
a  ton.  A  feature  cf  the  new  card  is  that 
separate  discounts  are  named,  for  the 
first  time,  on  butt  and  lap-weld,  sizes  2 
in.  to  3  in.,  with  higher  prices  on  the  lap- 
v.cld,  when  formerly  mills  could  ship  in- 
discriminately on  such  specifications. 
Sizes  v^  to  1  ^2  in.  are  reduced  one  point 
or  about  $2  a  ton,  while  'i  and  %  in. 
are  reduced  two  points  or  about  $4  a  ton. 
Altogether,  the  changes  amount  to  be- 
tween $3  and  $4  a  ton,  as  an  average  on 
the  entire  tonnage  production  of  Jn-to  12- 
in.  sizes. 

While  the  official  reduction  in  sheets 
was  made  to  establish  a  firm  market  after 
a  long  period  of  cutting,  and  at  a  slightly 
higher  basis  than  the  extreme  of  the  cuts 
lately  made,  the  pipe  reduction  came  up- 
on a  market  which  was  being  fairly  well 
held,  and  was  for  the  double  purpose  of 
rearranging  prices  on  different  sizes  to 
make  them  more  in  keeping  with  cost  of 
manufacture,  and  to  stimulate  business. 


742 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


The  pipe  trade  has  lacked  snap,  tonnage 
being  taken  only  as  absolutely  required. 

Steel  bars  continue  to  be  well  held  at 
I.40c.,  Pittsburg,  the  only  cutting  being 
by  one  small  mill  in  the  West,  and  only 
in  its  local  territory.  Plates  are  shaded 
about  as  much  as  formerly,  1.40c.  being 
held  on  wide  plates,  with  1.35c.  being 
done  on  ordinary  widths  and  slightly 
lower  on  narrow  plates,  running  into 
sheared-skelp  sizes,  which  can  be  done 
at  1.30c.,  a  price  which  is  also  possible 
on  grooved  steel  skelp. 

Pig  Iron — The  market  has  been  about 
as  active  as  last  week,  showing  an  im- 
piovement  over  previous  weeks,  with  no 
change  in  prices.  We  quote  at  Valley 
furnaces.  90c.  higher  delivered  Pittsburg: 
Bessemer,  S15;  basic,  S13.50  for  prompt; 
No.  2  foundry,  S14  for  prompt  and  $14.50 
for  next  year;  forge,  $13.25  for  prompt; 
malleable,  S14  for  prompt  and  S14.75  for 
next  year.  The  regular  pig-iron  averages 
for  September  are  announced  at  S15.02 
for  bessemer  against  515.146  in  August 
and  SI 3.833  for  basic  against  SI 4.022  for 
August. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  is  quiet, 
and  regularly  quoted  at  S39.50,  Balti- 
more, freight  to  Pittsburg  being  S1.95, 
but  there  is  likelihood  that  this  price 
could  be  shaded. 

Steel — Prices  are  a  shade  easier  on 
bessemer  steel,  and  quotably  lower  on 
open-hearth,  which  now  commands  only 
a  slight  premium  above  bessemer,  as 
follows,  Pittsburg:  Bessemer  billets,  $24; 
sheet  bars,  S25;  open-hearth  billets,  S25 
(?/ 25.50;  sheet  bars,  S25.500i26;  rods, 
$28.50  per  ton. 


St.  Louis 

Oct.  5 — The  spot  demand  for  pig  iron 
is  light  though  a  little  iron  is  moving. 
Consumers  are  buying  very  closely  and 
stocks  on  hand  are  low.  There  seem 
to  be  no  indications  that  present  condi- 
tions will  change  materially  before  the 
first  of  the  year.  Current  prices  remain 
unchanged  at  Sll.OOCo  11.50,  Birmingham, 
or  SI4.75'f;  15.25,  f.o.b.  St.  Louis,  for  No. 
2   foundry. 

A  number  of  inquiries  are  coming  in 
for  first-quarter  delivery,  though  no  busi- 
ness is  being  closed.  Producers  are  not 
getting  firsl-quarter  business  in  at  the 
present  prices  and,  in  fact,  are  not  nam- 
ing prices  for  that  delivery.  Consumers, 
on  the  other  hand,  do  not  seem  to  be 
inclined  to  pay  an  advance  for  first-quar- 
ter deliverv. 


S  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE  s 


German  Iron  Production — The  German 
Iron  and  Steel  Union  reports  the  produc- 
tion of  pig  iron  in  the  German  Empire  in 
July  at  1,228,316  metric  tons,  an  increase 
of  9245  tons  over  July.  For  the  seven 
months  ended  July  31  the  total  output 
was,  in  metric  tons: 


Foundry  Iron  . 

Forge  iron 

Steel  pig 

Bessemer  pig.. 


1909. 

1,37.1.387 

405,617 

614,404 

236,092 


lUlO. 

1,639,125 

362,774 

770,565 

286,943 


Changes. 
I.  263,738 
D.  22,843 
I.  1.56.1.'il 
50,851 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Tllomas(basic)plg    4,709,048      5,350,951      I.     641,903 
Total ...    7,340,548      8.430,348      1.1,089,800 

The  total  increase  was  14.8  per  cent. 
Steel  pig  includes  spiegeleisen,  ferroman- 
ganese and  all  similar  alloys. 


i    METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


New  York,  Oct.  5 — The  metal  markets 
continue  quiet,  with  few  changes  in  most 
lines.  There  are  some  signs,  however,  of 
an  improvement  in  consumption. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


L'XITEP     STATl'.S     iloI.D 

.\NI1     Sll.V 

:i;     M 

itVKMENT 

Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

Aug.    1910.. 
■■       1909.. 

Year  1910.. 
•■     1909.. 

$3,l.-,0,423 

9,23ll,273 

53.495,605 

89,726,392 

$12,818,606 

5,348,7.57 

42. 489.781; 

28,754,235 

Imp. 
Exp. 

$  9,608,183 
3,881.516 
11,1X15,819 
60,972,157 

Silver : 
Aug.   1910.. 
"       1909.. 

Year  1910,. 
••      1909.. 

4,765,708 

4,494,6.52 

36,9;)4.397 

38,903,584 

4.119,362 

3,190,988 

29,815,770 

29,979,133 

Exp. 

636.346 
1,303.561 
7.118,627 
8,924,451 

lOxports  from  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
ended  Oct.  1  :  Oold,  .|130..-.0().  chiefly  to  Lon- 
don. Import.s:  (iold.  $()0,n7S.  chiefly  from 
Central  Amerira  :  silver.  .$.");i.;^17,  nearly  all 
fViPA    South    .\nierica. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  Jan.  1  to  Sept.  22: 

1910. 
£4, 561. .500 


India. 
China. 
Straits, 


1909. 

£4,596,200 

1., 5.55,200 

82,800 

£6,234,200 


Changes. 

D.    £      34,700 

D,  436,700 

D.  82,800 


£5,680,000     D.    £    554,200 

a    demand    for    the 


Gold — There  was 
supplies  arriving  in  London  the  first  part 
of  the  week,  Germany,  Egypt  and  Turkey 
competing,  and  a  premium  was  paid,  77s. 
9'.sd.  per  oz.  for  bars.  Later  the  demand 
subsided  and  prices  returned  to  77s.  9d. 
per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for 
American  coin.  In  New  York  about  Sl,- 
400,000  was  taken  for  shipment  to 
Canada. 

Platinum — The  market  is  very  strong, 
partly  on  account  of  the  good  demand  in 
the  jewelry  trade,  and  partly  on  account 
of  higher  prices  abroad.  The  quotations 
have  again  advanced  sharply,  dealers  ask- 
ing S360i  36.50  for  refined  platinum,  and 
S42ra  42.50  for  hard  metal. 

SILVER    AND    STERLING    EXCH.4XGE 


.Sew  York.... 


London  .     . 
Sterling  Ex. 


29 

30 

1 

3 

4 

B3JS 

54 

54',' 

53% 

53',.' 

24  iS 

24', 

24  fS 

24  J4 

-'4ii! 

4.8670 

4.86,50 

4.8630 

4.8630 

4.8626 

53% 

24', 

4.866t 


New  York  cuiotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver  :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterlln;; 
silver.   t),!t2D   line. 

The  tone  of  the  silver  market  con- 
tinues good,  with  prospect  of  some  ad- 
vance in  current  figures.  The  attitude  of 
China  helps  the  situation,  as  it  is  reported 
now  and  then  that  that  country  is  a  buyer. 


NEW   YOI 

.K 

Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

^ 

o"  _. 

.=' 

MJi 

.X! 

J<J=' 

. 

^,— ' 

6 

^1 

is 

^1 

u    . 

^    - 

^    . 

1-1  7 

S 

Ss 

hS 

s 

Is 

^S 

OS 

-5 
mo 

12  fj 

12.25 

4.25 

5.521 

6.37* 
06,40 

29 

0V2ii 

(312,35 

3ih 

4.40 

(5)4.30 

05.55 

12  f. 

12.25 

4.25 

5.. 521 

5.37i 
06.40 

30 

rS12?4 

012.35 

34% 

4.40 

04.30 

©5.55 

12', 

12.25 

4.26 

5.52i 

6.374 

05.40 

1 

(3)12 », 

012.35 

34>^ 

4.40 

04.30 

05.55 

12  ?i 

12.30 

4.25 

5, 52  J 

5.371 

3 

fi)12?4 

(312.35 

■■ay. 

4.40 

04.30 

(35.55 

©5.40 

12', 

12.35 

4.25 

5.521 

5. 37  J 

4 

m-2% 

012.40 

35 

4.40 

04,30 

05.55 

05,40 

12 «, 

12.40 

4.25 

5.52i 

5. 37  J 

5 

®12?4 

012.50 

35  »i 

4.40 

04.30 

05.56 

OS.  40 

The  New  York  quotations  for  electrolytic 
copper  are  foi-  cakes,  iugots  and  wircliars, 
and  represent  the  bulk  of  the  transactions 
made  with  consumers,  basis  New  York.  cash. 
Thp  priees  of  casting  copper  and  of  electrolytic 
cathodes  are  usually  0.12.1c.  below  that'  of 
electrolytic.  The  quotations  for  lead  repre- 
sent wholesale  transactions  in  the  open  mar- 
ket. The  quotations  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  Westi-rn  brands;  special  brands 
command   a    premium. 

LONDON 


•J 

Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead, 

Zinc, 

Spot. 

3Mos 

Best 

Sel'td 

Spot. 

3M0S 

Span- 
ish.. 

urdl- 
naries. 

29 

54  Ji 

55H 

69 

157;i 

lS7Ji 

123i 

23)i 

30 
1 

55.I4 

561', 

59?4 

156^ 

1563i 

mi 

23« 

3 

SS.'j 

56  V 

59  >J 

1573i 

157  )i 

12Ji 

23X 

4 

55  >i 

56  Jb 

59>i 

158% 

158?^ 

12  B 

23X 

5 

56  .^i 

67',' 

60 

162 

159« 

12% 

23X 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  qnottt- 
tions  on  London  Metal  Exchange.  All  prices 
are  in  pounds  sterlinj;  per  ton  of  'J-4i\  lb. 
Cf.'pper  (luotatious  ai-e  for  standard  copper, 
spot  and  three  mouths  ,and  for  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  being  subject  to  3 
per  cent,  discount.  For  convenience  in  com- 
|)arison  of  London  prices  in  pounds  sterlinK 
per  UL*40  lb,,  with  .\iuerlcan  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  following  approximate  ratios 
aie  given  ;  £1(1  =  il.lT'-ic.  :  £12  =  L'.tilc; 
£23  =  5c.:    £G0  =  i:^.04c,   +  £1  =    ±    u.i'l%c. 

Copper — Until  Monday  of  this  week 
the  market  continued  sluggish  and  dull, 
but  on  that  day  the  statistics  of  the 
visible  supply  in  Europe  were  is- 
sued and  as  they  showed  a  di- 
minution for  September  of  3545  tons 
and  it  is  generally  expected  that  stocks 
in  this  country  will  also  show  a  decrease 
during  September,  more  interest  was 
shown.  At  the  close  there  is  a  consid- 
erable inquiry  and  prices  have  already 
advanced  somewhat.  Lake  copper  closes 
at  12\s(Vn2.v4c.,  and  electrolytic  copper 
in  cakes,  wirebars  and  ingots,  at  \2A0(it 
12.50c.  Casting  copper  is  quoted  nomin- 
ally at  \2lir(i  \2}i  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  18WT9c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  standard  market  has  also  been 
more  active  and  advanced  steadily,  clos- 
ing at  £56  5s.  'or  spot,  and  £57  2s.  6d.  for 
three  months. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
•he  week  were  1990  long  tons.     Our  spe- 


October  8,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


743 


ial  correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
.altimore  for  the  week  at  1380  tons. 
Tin — Contrary  to  all  e.xpectations,  the 
ondon  market  declined  after  the  Banka 
ale  had  taken  place  and  in  view  of  the 
irce  .American  deliveries  reported  for 
inber.  At  the  beginning  of  this 
^...•.,  however,  a  decided  change  took 
lace  in  the  London  market,  where  the 
ull  party  once  more  took  hold  of  the  sit- 
ation.  The  advance  was  very  rapid  and 
lost  pronounced  in  spot  tin,  which 
,>ems  to  be  scarce  and  well  controlled. 
1  consequence  thereof,  three  months  tin 
selling  at  a  large  discount.  The  mar- 
it  closes  strong  at  £162  for  spot,  and 
loti  5s.  for  three  months. 
The  interests  which  control  the  stocks 
<isting  in  this  market,  outside  of  those 
jvned  by  the  largest  consuming  interests, 
ere  the  principal  buyers  of  spot  tin  in 
ondon,  and  this  strengthened  their  hold 
1  the  spot  situation.  Consumers  who  are 
)t  well  provided  for  and  have  to  buy 
:ar-by  tin  are  forced  to  pay  the  goodly 
•emiums  which  are  being  exacted.  While 
ctober  tin  can  be  bought  at  about  35J4c. 
;r  lb.,  spot  tin  cannot  be  had  below  36;4 
■nts. 

Visible  stocks  of  tin,  Oct.  1,  are  re- 
ined as  follows:  London,  13,420;  Hol- 
nd,  3158;  United  States,  excluding 
acific  ports,  2421;  total,  18,999  long 
ns,  of  which  11,717  tons  were  in  store 
id  7282  afloat.  The  total  was  1056  tons 
ore  than  on  Sept.  1,  but  2420  tons  less 
an  on  Oct.  1  last  year. 
Exports  of  tin  from  the  Straits  in  Sep- 
mber  are  cabled  as  4220  long  tons,  a 
■crease  of  861  tons  from  last  year. 
Lead — There  is  a  good  demand  at  last 
■ices,  4.25''/  4.30c.  St.  Louis,  and  4.40c. 
ew  York. 

The  European  market  has  advanced, 
vanish  lead  closing  at  £12  17s.  6d.  and 
nglish  at  £12  18s.  9d.  per  ton. 
The  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
ompany  at  the  present  time  has  the  fol- 
wing  number  of  furnaces  in  blast,  the 
tal  number  at  each  place  being  stated 
brackets:  Denver,  3  (7);  Pueblo,  3 
13);  Leadville,  5  (10);  Durango,  3 
t>:  East  Helena,  3  (4)  ;  Murray,  6  (8)  ; 
1  Paso,  2  (10)  ;  total,  25  (56).  Besides 
ese  there  are  the  works  at  Chihuahua, 
onterey  and  .\guascalientes,  in  Mexico, 
hich  have  a  total  of  23  furnaces.  The 
'erage  ore-smelting  capacity  per  annum 
about  50,000  tons. 

Spelter — The  market  is  quiet  but  firm. 

anufacturers  are  busy  and  consumption 

;  the  metal  is  good.    Stocks  in  the  hands 

|f  producers  are  small,  and  buyers  con- 

nue   to    purchase    from    hand-to-mouth. 

ihe  market  closes  at  5.37 '/j  f/' 5.40c.   St. 

louis,  and  5.52'/:  r<i  5.55c.  New  York. 

The  European  market  is  reported  to  be 

rong  and   advancing.     Good   ordinaries 

're  quoted   at  £23   15s.,  and   specials  at 

'24  per  ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.50  per 


100  lb.,  f.ob.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

The  American  Metal  Company  has  tak- 
en over  the  control  of  the  Lanyon-Starr 
Smelting  Company. 

The  gas  situation  at  lola  is  now  very 
bad,  and  some  of  the  works  in  operation 
there  on  the  limited  scale  will  probably 
be  closed  before  the  end  of  the  winter. 

Other  Metals 

Aluminum — The  market  continues  quiet 
and  prices  are  unchanged  at  2Uj'''/22c. 
per  lb.   for  No.    1    ingots,   New  York. 

Antimony — There  is  no  change  in  the 
market,  and  business  remains  on  a  retail 
basis.  Prices  are  nominally  unchanged 
at  8'4'''8.'sc.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  7',s 
fa  8c.  for  U.  S.,  arid  7>4@7Jic.  for  out- 
side brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  remains  good 
and  prices  unchanged,  New  York  quo- 
tations are  $46  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for 
large  lots;  S47r</48  for  jobbing  orders. 
San  Francisco,  $45.50  for  domestic  orders 
and  S2  less  for  export.  The  London 
price  is  £8  12s.  6d.  per  flask,  with  £8  6s. 
3d.   quoted   by   second  hands. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40i'r(45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for-  500-lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
'i/70c.  per  lb.  in  100-Ib.  lots,  f.o.b.  New- 
York,  according  to  quality  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  100-Ib.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 


British  Metal  Imports  and    Exports 

Imports  and  exports  of  metals  in  Great 
Britain,  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31,  fig- 
ures in  long  tons,  except  quicksilver, 
which  is  in  pounds: 

Motals :  Imports.  Exports.        Excess. 

Copjior,  IniiK  ton.s       85.543  54.093  Imp.       31,450 

Ci)|ip(.r,  1909....      1U,S44  40.903  Imp.       70,941 

Till.  liillK  tons....        'JT.OOS  27,:1H3  Imp.             .')25 

Tin,  1909 •27,024  2K,1S1  Exp.          I,l.'i7 

Lfiail.  long  tons..     145,090  32,.'io2  Imp.     112,,iS8 

Lii.-ul,  1909 139,744  Sl.SfiH  Imp.     107,SW; 

Sjicltor.  Tk  Ions..        83.739  5.HS9  Imp.       77,S.iO 

Spcltiir,  1909 73,787  .'i.Oca  Imp.       08,724 

Qiili-kallvnr,  lb...  3.233,l.'.o  1,080,227  Imp.  2,14fi,923 

Quicksilver.  '09  2.99S,.W1  GBf,,.'-)72  Imp.  2.331,979 
Ores : 

Tin  ore  and  con.      17.195     Imp.       17.195 

Tin  (ire,  1909. ..        10.427      Imp.       10.427 

Pyrltns 538,ri7I     Imp.     .538.071 

Pyrites.  1909. ..      S18.090      Imp.     518.090 

Copper  totals  include  metallic  contents 
of  ore  and  matte.  Exports  include  re- 
exports of  foreign  material.  Of  the  im- 
ports in  1910,  the  United  States  furnished 
in  all  107  tons  copper  matte,  24,818  tons 
fine  copper,  and  20,031  tons  lead.  This 
lead  was  chiefly  Mexican,  refined  in  this 
country. 

Spanish  Metal  Exports 

Exports  of  metals  and  minerals  from 
Spain,  seven  months  ended  .July  31,  re- 
ported by  Revista  Minera,  in  metric  tons: 


Metals.  1909.  1910.  Changes. 

PlB  and  raanuf.  iron  35.2:)8  27,407  D.  7.831 

Copiier 10.988  10,320  D.  668 

Copper  precliiltnte..  10,083  '.i,l,S2  D.  901 

Lead 103.082  10il,9ti5  I.  0,283 

Zinc 874  054  D.  220 

Quicksilver 1,484  1,300  D.  184 

Minerals. 

Iron  ore 4,.W7.435  5,674.183  1.1,036.748 

MaiiiranesB  ore 7.065  3,406  D.  3.659 

('..ppel- ore (556.251  554.020  D.  102.231 

Li'ad  ore 2.188  2,0<H  D.  184 

ZIno  ore 74.889  73,153  D.  1.7.36 

Pvrltes,  Iron 707,301  8.80,0,52  I,  113.291 

Salt 390,552  344,708  D.  45.844 

Imports  of  phosphate  of  lime  40,G2G 
tons  in  1909,  and  68,565  in  1910;  super- 
phosphates and  basic  slag,  56,726  tons  in 
1909,  and  63,804  in  I9I0;  nitrate  of  soda, 
22,584  tons  in  1909,  and  23,146  this  year. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Oct.  1 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  $47.50, 
the  base  ranging  from  S42  to  S44.50  per 
ton  of  60  per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silicate 
ore  sold  at  S21''(25  per  ton  of  40  per 
cent.  zinc.  The  average  price,  all  grades 
of  zinc  ore,  was  $40.90  per  ton.  The 
highest  price  paid  for  lead  ore  was  S56, 
and  the  average  price,  all  grades,  was 
,S54.90  per  ton. 

The  buyers  and  sellers  played  a  wait- 
ing game  this  week  and  very  little  ore 
was  sold  before  Thursday  noon,  when 
$44  base  looked  to  be  the  top  for  the 
week,    but    by    Friday    noon    several    lots 

SinrMICNTS.  WEEK  EXPED  OfT.  1. 


Weill)  city-Cartervlllo 

Jiipllii 

All.ii-Noek 

lial'-na 

(Ir.uiliy 

DU'-uweg 

Miami 

Spurgi^on 

Carl  .lunctlon  — 

HadKor 

Aur.ira 

Sarro.xift 

Cave  Sjirlng.H 

Stott  City 

Quapaw 


Totals 


Zinc,  lb. 

Lead  lb. 

4,089,510 

770.740 

2.090.880 

192.410 

977,310 

855.100 

110.290 

827  200 

0.570 

544.740 

65,210 

130.170 

305.7.50 

237,9.50 

47,740 

183,070 

195,2W1 

232,01H) 

203,740 

9li.220 

6,940 

OII.IKM) 



59,890 

10,783,580 

1,511,650 

»109, 
50, 

20 

13, 

11, 

10, 

5. 

4 

4 

3, 

2, 

2 

1 

1 


184 
243 
478 
,.505 
.583 
836 

2;to 

,019 

,027 
.IHMI 
,615 
,870 
,207 
,2'.N1 
037 


$202,124 


40  weeks 447.033,1160  05,194.000  $111,480,023 

Zinc  vaUie.  the  week,  $220,018  :    40  weeks,  $8,802,098 
Lead  valuo.  the  week,      41,.5ili;;    40  weeks,    1,0,83,9'25 

MllNTlll.Y    ,\VEIt.\<;E   l'Kli'i;s. 


ZINC  OBE. 

Lead  onE. 

Mouth. 

nose  Price. 

AU  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

.laiuiary 

l-'i'liruary 

Mal-cli 

April 

$41.25 
;)0,94 
37.40 
38,03 
40. IK 
44.15 
43.  IK 
48.25 
47.70 
49.. 50 
51.31 
49.45 

$47.31 
40.09 
43  fiO 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39.03 
40.13 
43.45 



$.38.40 
:)4..37 
;u.7i 

37.01 
37.42 
4o.:)5 
41.11 
4  4. 54 
44.87 
45,75 
48.29 
47.57 

$46.10  $.52.17 
39.47    50.50 
39.71    60.82 
39.:)3    56.03 
37.61 !  50.69 

$66.99 
63.61 
61.26 
49.72 
48.16 

June 

July 

AUKUst 

Sent. •ml),-:- 

<ii-l"lier 

Niivcmher... 
Di^cembor. .. 

37.8;) 
36.80 
37.32 
39.96 

57.62 
63.74 
57.00 
66.11 
65.02 
63.94 
65.26 

48.80 
48.69 
49.76 
54.73 

Year 

$43.98 

$41.20 

$j>4.60 

Note — I'nder  7.lnc  ore  the  first  two  col- 
umns give  base  prices  for  (>0  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  tlie  second  two  the  avernce  for  all  ores 
sold.      Lend    ore    prices    are    tlie    average    for 

all    ores   sold. 


744 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


had  brought  S44.50.  Buyers  evidently 
had  small  orders,  as  the  shipment  is  a 
decrease  of  1773  tons  from  the  previous 
week,  which  was,  however,  an  exceed- 
ingly large  one.  The  lead  shipment  also 
decreased   by   428   tons. 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Oct.  1— The  highest 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was 
$45;  the  base  price  was  S43.50rii  44.50 
per  ton.  The  base  price  paid  for  80  per 
cent,  lead  ore  was  $52  per  ton. 

WEEK  ENDED  OCT.   1. 


SIIIl'MEXTS, 
Camps. 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 

Mineral  Point 961.200 

Galena 629,0611 

Benti.n 6o1,2ko 

Higlilanrl 432.200 

Platu.ville 3i;ii.480 

(Ullia  Cltv 251.485 

Lin.l.-ii 71.020 

Rpw.'V 63.300 

HaikiT 63.090 


Lead    Sulphur 
Dre.  lb.    ore.  lb. 


151.720 
80,000 


160,000 
235,870 


Total 3,433,115 

Year  to  date 76,462,806 


231,720        385,870 
7,483,644  20,369,620 


Shipped     during    week    to    separating 
plants,  2,188,340  lb.  zinc  ore. 


Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent, 
iion  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  $4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
$4.20  for  Old  Range  and  $4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization  of 
sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices 
exists,  according  to  quantity  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  to  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  $3r((3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  ,$6.50''(/7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
itc  ores,  50c. (ti  1.50  per  unit  less. 

Zinc  Ores — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende, 
of  good  quality,  especially  as  to  iron 
and  lead  content,  delivered  at  Kansas 
smelting  points,  the  current  price  is  for 
the  zinc  content,  less  eight  units,  at  the 
Si.  Louis  price  of  spelter,  less  $14'V(  15 
per  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also  Joplin  and 
Wisconsin  ore  markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  pyrites  have  recent- 
ly advanced  slightly  and  are  now  quoted 
at  11  J/''"  12c.,  per  unit  of  sulphur  at 
mines  for  furnace  sizes.  Spanish  pyrites, 
furnace  sizes,  are  12''((  12!/c.  per  unit, 
ex-ship.  Arsenical  pyrites  are  from  '/2O1 
l%c.  per  unit  less. 


CHEM ICALS 


New  York,  Oct.  5 — The  general  chem- 
ical market  reflects  the  effect  of  the  long 
continued  quiet  by  slight  weakening  in 
quotations. 

Copper  Sulphate — The  quotations  re- 
main unchanged  at  $4  per  100  lb.  for  car- 
load lots  and  $4.25  per  100  lb.  for 
smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — The  market  for  white  arsenic 
has  again  w^eakened  slightly.  The  inside 
quotations  are  now  $2.25Ca  2.37' _.  per  100 
lb.;  and  one  large  seller  is  reported  to 
be  soliciting  bids  at  even  a  lower  figure. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — The  spot  quotation 
is  unchanged  at  2.12'jC.  per  lb.,  while 
2.12' J  (V(  2.15c.  per  lb.  is  asked  for  futures. 
The  market  is  exceptionally  quiet. 


Petroleum 

Oil  production  of  California  for  the 
eight  months  ended  Aug.  31,  reported  by 
the  Oil  and  Gas  Journal,  in  barrels  of 
42  gal.  each: 


San  Joa-iuiii  Valley. 

Coast  (H.'^triet 

.Southern  fields 


1909  1910 

2.''i.329,700  37,998,186 

."), 509,300  5.170,889 

6,474,900  7,061,.S49 


Total. 


:i7,:jl3,900      50,230,924 


The  total  increase  this  year  was  12,- 
917,024  bbl.,  or  34.6  per  cent.;  nearly 
all  this  gain  being  in  the  Coalinga,  Sun- 
set and  Midway  districts,  in  the  San 
Joaquin  Valley  field. 


^   MINING -STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Oct.  5 — While  the  general 
stock  market  continues  to  be  mainly  pro- 
fessional, there  has  been  an  improvement 
in  tone  and  a  general  hardening  in  prices. 
This  upward  movement  has  been  made  in 
the  face  of  a  stiffer  money  market,  with 
higher  rates  for  loans.  There  have  been 
advances  in  most  of  the  active  stocks. 

There  were  several  sales  of  Homestake 
of  South  Dakota  during  the  week,  at 
,$85r,/ 86.50  per  share. 

On  the  Curb  there  was  more  active 
trading.  In  the  Cobalt  stocks.  La  Rose, 
Nipissing  and  Kerr  Lake  sold  well,  at 
fractional  advances.  There  was  some 
trading  in  the  Nevada  stocks,  especially 
in  Tonopah,  Tonopah  Extension  and 
Montgomery-Shoshone,  but  no  advance  in 
quotations.  The  copper  stocks  were  fairly 
active,  with  small  gains  in  British  Colum- 
bia, Butte  Coalition,  Chino  and  Miami. 
Ray  Central,  however,  showed  a  frac- 
tional decline. 


Boston.  Oct.  4 — Copper  shares  con- 
tinue to  mend,  although  there  is  still  the 
lack  of  outside  dealing.  The  so  called 
Clark-Coolidge  and  Dow  stocks  have  led 
in  point  of  activity.  Of  the  former  Amer- 
ican Zinc  and  U.  S.  Coal  and  Oil  have 


had  active  periods  and  both  show  good 
advances.  Algomah,  Indiana  and  North 
Lake  of  the  latter  class  also  received  good 
support  particularly  Indiana  which  is  fa- 
vored with  good  reports.  Lake  Copper 
on  small  trading  fluctuates  widely  at 
times  but  gains  ground  all  the  time.  The 
Cole-Ryan  stocks.  North  Butte  and  Calu- 
met &  Arizona  especially  have  done  well 
and  would  probably  lead,  were  there  any 
concerted  movement. 

U.  S.  Coal  and  Oil  reacted  $2.50  to  $29 
after  the  announcement  was  made  that 
the  company  was  to  be  taken  over  by  the 
Island  Creek  Coal  Company.  The  latter 
company  is  a  Maine  corporation  with  100,- 

COPrER    ruODITTION    KEI'ORTS. 

('(ippor  t'ontents  of  blister  copper.   In  pounds.* 


Company. 

July. 

August. 

Septem- 
ber. 

2,910,000 
1,100.000 
2,272.600 
10,730,372 
2,705.000 
4,600,000 
1,800,000 
800,000 
6,89r.,429 
2,000,000 
2,207.000 
2.224.000 
8.677.000 
23,750,000 
19,000,000 

2,620.000 

'•J.bso'.s-io 

9.426.703 

2,560,000 

3,626,000 

2,100,000 

400.000 

5,800.000 

2.693.000 

1.646.000 

2.620,000 

7,440,035 

23.750.000 

18.800.000 

Bole..  (Me.'iico) 

C.'ppi^r  Queen 

Caiuniet  &  Ariz.   .. 

9.116,294 

Cananoa  (Jlexico).. 
I_)etr..it     

2,128,000 

Shann.m 

Superior  &  Pitts.. . . 

Utah  Copper  Co 

Butt©  District 

1.418.000 

Lake  Superior 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars.  etc.. 
Imp.  in  ore  &  matte 

90,804,411 
17,714,034 
0,637,836 

85.221.318 

Total 

116.166,281 

r.iiltf  (iistri<-t  ami  LaUt;"  Suitorior  lij;iii-t's  are 
estimated  ;  others  are  reports  received  from 
i-uiiipauies.  Imports  duplicate  ]n*oduct inu  of 
t'auanoa,  and  that  part  of  Copper  Qviepn  pro- 
dnctiou  which  comes  from  Nacozari.  Buleo 
t(tpper  does  not  come  to  American  retiners. 
I'tah  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
llie    Boston    mill. 


ST.VTISTICS    OF   COri'El 

Month. 

United 

States 

Producfn. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
tor  Export. 

X,  19119 

XI                 

124.667.709 
121.618.369 
117.828.655 

66,3,69,617 
66,857,873 
69,519,501 

66.261.288 
56,266,696 
69,546,670 

XII     

Year 

1.405.403.056 

705,051  ,,591 

680,942,620 

I.  1910 

II 

116,.547.287 
112.712.493 
120.067.4(i7 
117,477,639 
123.242,476 
127,219,188 
118,370,003 
127,803,618 

78,1.58,387 
66,618,322 
62,844.818 
67,986,9.51 
59,305.222 
53,363,196 
66,708,175 
67,731.271 

81,691,672 
37,3{'.9,613 
4(t  r^<>  767 

Ill                

IV 

31  :132,434 

V 

46.495,400 

VI      

65,895,948 

VII 

59,407,167 

VIII 

61,831,780 

Visible  Stocks. 

United 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

X.  1909 

\I 

XII 

I.  1910 

II 

151.472.772 
153.509.626 
153.003,627 
141.766,111 
98,463,339 
107,187,992 
123,824,874 
141,984.159 
160.426,973 
168,386,017 
170,640,678 
168,881,246 

210.224.000 
222,66(;,400 
23i;.,s.-,7,{;oo 
244,204,HIH1 
248,236,800 
2.64.1.50.4(H1 
249,625,600 
246.8711.4110 
239,142,100 
232,8',I2.800 
222,320.000 
218.U4.KOO 
211.276,800 

361.696,772 
376.076.026 
389.861.127 
385.970.911 
:MI'., 700.139 

Til 

361,338.392 

IV 

373.450.474 

V 

388.854,669 

VI 

399,6I18,37S 

VII      

401,278,817 

VIII 

392,9(;0,678 

IX 

387.326.046 

X 

Fl'^nres  are  in  pounds  of  liuc  copper,  V.  S. 
prndiiction  includes  all  copper  nMined  in  this 
coiinlry.  bnih  from  domestic  and  imported 
materia!.  Visible  stocks  are  lliose  reported 
on  the  first  day  nf  each  lunntli.  as  broujibt 
o\ov   frfHU    the   ]irece(Ilnir   nmntli.  


October  8,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


745 


000  shares  of  6  per  cent,  cumulative  pre- 
ferred and  100,000  shares  of  common 
stock.  The  par  is  a  nominal  sum,  SI.  The 
Island  Creek  Coal  Company  is  to  take 
over  the  U.  S.  Coal  and  Oil  Company  on 
the  basis  of  five  preferred  and  10  com- 
mon shares  for  each  18  shares  of  Coal 
and  Oil  stock.  For  each  S450  of  the 
latter  company's  bonds  the  same  terms 
are  offered.  Fifty  thousand  shares  of 
preferred  and  100,000  shares  of  common 
have  been  set  aside  to  exchange  for  the 
120,200  Coal  and  Oil  shares  and  the  Sl,- 
495,000  bonds.  A  nominal  quotation  of 
85'jc.  for  Island  Creek  Coal  preferred 
has  been  made  and  30' jc.  for  the  com- 
mon. 

Isle  Royale  and  Hancock  have  also 
been  favored  with  a  higher  range  of 
prices. 


Company. 


Dellnq.     Salp.    |  Amt. 


American,  Ida ISept.  22 

Blni-kliawk  M.  &  D..Ida Sept.  26 

Black  Jaok  Utah Oct.    17 

Cbampion  Oipper.  Ida Sept.  25 

OolumlPiis  Ext.,  0tah Oct.      8 

ColuMi.  Ida Aug.  27 

Cnnndoncii,  Nev Oct. 


Crown  Point,  Nev 

El.v  Con..  Nhv 

Hancock  Con.,  Mich.. 

Little  Bntte.  Ida 

Overman,  Nov 

PhednraS.-L.,  Ida.,.. 
Kelndeer  c.  &  G,,  Ida. 

Rh<iili<  Island,  Ida 

Maltese  dm.,  Ida 

Savap'.  Nov 

Sierra  Nevada,  Nev... 

Sdow  Sleie,  Ida 

Sunora  M.  k  M.,  Ida.. 

Union,  Nev 

yellew  Jacket,  Nev  . . . 


Oct.    12 


Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sejjt. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 


Oct. 
Oct. 


Oct.    2(i 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Oct. 


Oct. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Oct. 


15  $0,002 

0.005 

0.01 

0.002 

0.01 

0.(Kl2 

0.20 

0.10 

0.05 

1.00 

0.002 

0.10 


Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


o.oo."; 

0.(101 
0.001 
0.10 
0.10 
311  0.01 
15  0.001* 

19  0.10 

20  0.15 


•One-half    mill. 


Monthly  Averapre   Prices  of  MetnlH 

SILVER 


Month. 


January 

February... 

March 

^prll 

May 

■luno 

July 

AUKUSt 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 


Total. 


New  York.       London 


1909.     1910.     1909.     1910. 


7.111  .52.375  23. S4:)  24 

472  51  534 '23  ■ 

408  51.454  23. 227J23 


42.H  .53.221  23,708, 
9(15  .53  870  24,343. 
538  .53.402  24.1(;i; 
043,54  1.50  23.519 
125  52  9ri'23,.588 
440  53.205123,743 


923  . 
703  . 
226  . 


51. .502 23.700 


23.ij02 
23.351 
24.030 


154 
794 
Ii90 
483 
797 
.051 
(134 
428 
507 


New    York,    cenis    per    fine    ounce 
pence    per    standard    ounce. 

cori'KI!. 


NEW   YOBK. 


January 

february.. . 

March 

'April 

May 

June 

July 

AuKunt 

I  September  . 

(Jctober 

Novembfu*.. 

Decern bnr. . 

I    Tear 


Electrf»lytlc        Lake. 


13.893 
12.949 
12.387 
12. 5(1' 
12 , 893 
13, 2H 
12  88(1 
13,(107 
12,87(1 
12,' 
13.125 
13.298 


12,982 


13  ti20 
13  332 
13,255 
12,733 
12  i 


14,280 
13.295 
12,82r, 
12,93; 
13,238  12 
12, 404  13  .548  12 
12  2 1 5, 13. 303  12 
12,490113,290  12 
12. 379113. 210  1 
13.030 
13.354 
13.647 


13.335 


870 
719 
586 
(Wl 
885 
798 
570 
715 
.(1118 


58.732 


923 

388 
214 
238 
313 
310 
194 
733 
,207 


1  Sew  York,  cents  per  pound.  Electrolytic  Is 
for  cakes.  Inpots  or  wirebars.  T,ondon,  pounds 
*<*erllng.   per   lonir   ton,   stnndnrd  copper. 


TIN 

AT    NEW    YORK 

llonth. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January  . . . 
February  . . 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

28.  (Kid 
28,290 
28.727 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

32.700 
32  920 
.32.403 
32 ,  976 
;)3,125 
32.769 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

Av.  Year.. 

29.125 
29.966 
30.293 
30  475 
30.859 
32.913 

32.696 
33.972 
.34.982 

29.725 

SAN   EUANriSCO. 


Oct.   4. 


Prices  ore   in   cents   per  pound. 


LEAD 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

Loudon. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February., .. 

March 

April 

Mav 

4.115 

4,018 
3.986 
4,168 
4,287 
4.35(1 
4.321 
4.363 
4.342 
4.341 
4.370 
4.. 560 

4.700 
4,(il3 
4 , 4.59 
4.376 
4.315 
4 .  343 
4.4(14 
4.400 
4.40O 

4 .  025 
3.868 
3,835 
4,051 
4,214 
4,291 
4.188 
4.227 
4,215 
4.215 
4.252 
4.459 

4.582 
4.445 
4.307 
4.225 
4.164 
4.2117 
4.291 
4,29(1 
4.289 

13.113 
13.313 
13  438 
13,297 
1 3 , 225 
13   1131 
12,5|-.3 
12,47.'. 
12.781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.125 

13.660 
13.328 
13,(163 
12,(V11 
12  5.50 

12  688 

12  531 

.\UKUSt 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December . . . 

12.513 
12.582 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New   York   and   SI.    I.ouis.   cents  per  pound. 
Ivondon,  pounds  sterlin.ir  per  long  ton. 

SPELTER 


New    York   and    St.    Louis.    cenIs   per   pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per   lou.g   ton. 


■RICES   (11' 


IRON  AT  riTTsniitc. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

Jauuary 

$17.18 

»19.90;$16.4a 

$17.98 

$16.26 

$17.94 

February — 

16.73 

18  96 

10.09 

17.21 

15.90 

17.38 

March 

16,40 

18,53 

15.84 

16.93 

15.62 

17.00 

April 

16,79 

18,28 

15  05 

16.84 

15.06 

16.75 

M.iy 

15,77 

17.10 

15.02 

15.94 

15.08 

16.18 

June. ..  

16.13 

16.52 

15.84 

15.60 

16.6;) 

15,  .53 

July 

16,. 10 

16,40 

15.90 

15.40 

15.96 

15,40 

August 

17,16 

16,09 

16.17 

14.89 

16.20 

15  10 

September  . . 

18,44 

15.92 

16.80 

14.73 

17.03 

14.93 

October 

19,76 

17.84 

18.02 

Novemb(ir... 

19,90 

18.37 

18.09 

December... 

19.90 

18.16 

17.90 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS   Oct.    4 

SALT  LAKE           Oct.     4 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Acacia 

.05; 

Bingham  Copier. 

.16 

Cripple  Cr'kCon.. 
C   K   &  N           

.02! 

Carlsa 

.16 

t.l7) 

.mi 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus  Con... 

.32  J 
.28 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

Elkton  Cou 

.75 

Daly  Ju<lge 

14.25 

El  Paso 

.841 

Grand  Central 

.99 

Fannie  Rawlins.. 

1.051 
+  .08 

Iron  Blossom 

.74 

Little  Boll 

Little  Chief 

1.05 

fJoM  Dollar 

t.22 

Gold  Sovereign. .. 

.03) 

Liwer  Mammoth. 

.08 

Isabella    

.18 

Mason  Valley 

8.26 

Jennie  Semple  . . . 

.10 

Ma].  Mines 

t63 

Lexington 

.01 

Mav  Dav 

.05} 

M<ion  Anchor 

.031 

Nevada  Hills 

2.3-^ 

Old  Gold 

.04* 

New  York 

.13 

Marv  McKlnney. . 

.53 

Prince  C<m 

.67 

.02) 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

2.00 

Portland          

1.08 

Sioux  Con 

Uncle  Sam 

.25 

Vindicator 

.93( 

.26 

W<.rk    

.04 

Victoria 

tl.<)H 

Name  of  Comp. 


CousTOCE  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  b  Belcher 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Gould  k  Curry.... 
Hale  k  Norcross. . 

Mexican 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potest 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket 


Clg. 


t.lO 

1.65 
.32 
.30 
.20 
.12 
.60 
.94 

t.60 
.12 
.20 

I.02J 
.42 

1.05 
..50 

J. 40 
.20 
.25 
.30 
.SOJ 


Name  of  Comp, 


Misc.  net.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Rod  Hill 

Sliver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka  . 
So.  Eureka 


4. 02  J 
.03 
.29 
.29 
.20 
.05 
.50 
.12 

J  10 

t  If 
.34 
.30 

X  06 
.03 
,07 

t  16 

03 

JLOO 

t.97 

n.oo 


N.  Y.  EXCH. 


Oct.    4 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated .... 
Am.  Agrl.  t'beni. . 
Am.Sin.*Eer.,com 
Am.Sni.  *Ref.,iif. 

Anaconda 

BetlllehemSteel  pt 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  «;  I, 
Federal  Jl.  .\:  S... 
Coldll.'ld  Con.  ... 
Gr(mtNor.,oroctf. 

Homestake 

Nat'nalLead.coni. 
National  Lead,  pi. 

Nev.  Consol 

Pittsburg  Coal 

RepubllcUS.coni. 
Bepul.llc  I  &S,  pf. 
81o»88hem'(l,coni, 
Sloss  Sheflkdil,  pf, 
Tennessee  Copper 

OtahCoiipor 

n.  S.  Ste,.|,  com. 
U.  8.  Sleel,  pf... 

Va.  Car.  c'liem. . 


Clg. 


65;i 

43 'i 

a<X 

102 
4(HJ 

69;, 

6 
48 

in 

155  Ji 

53;i 

{103 
20;i 
17 
32 'i 

^■':-» 
ji'ie 

48% 

ma 

118 

59  H 


BOSTON  EXCH.    Oct.    i 


Name  of  Comp. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Oct,    4 


Name  of  Comp. 


Arlz.-Cananea 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek . . . 
Braden  Coiipor... 

B.C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition... 

Caledonia 

Calumet  &  Mont.. 
Canatllan  :viini.s. . 

Chin 

Cobalt  Central.. .. 

Con.  .\rl7..  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

DomlulonCop 

Ely  <v.u 

El  Bayo 

Florence 

GIroux 

Gretuie  Cananoa.. 

Guanajuato 

Gu(U*rero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKlnloy-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 
Mont.  Shoshone. . 
Mont.-Tonopah.. . 
Nev.  Utah  M.  k  8. 
NIplssIng  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper  

Pacific  Sin.  &  M. . 
Precious  Metals. . 

Ray  Central 

Rav  Con 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  Oil 

St<»wart 

Tonopah  

Tonopab  Ex 

TrI-Dulllon 

Tularosa 

Union  Minos 

Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


<>4 

■Hi 

19 

.85 
t<'% 
19% 
«,S 

174 
2 
7 
t.30 

2>i 

7 

f'H 

ha 

1180 

98 
111% 
57 
12 
{.92 

loii 
1'. 

>i 
i« 
i« 

19 
{60O 

:iit 

8- 
1 

¥ 

318 


Adventure 

.Algoniah 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

.\rizoiia  Com 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Boston  k  Corbiu. , 
Butte  k  Balak.... 
Calumet  &  .Ariz... 
Calumet  k  Hecla, 

Ceutenulul 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range. . . 

Daly- West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Islo  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

OJibway 

|01d  Dominion... 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quiucy 

Shannon , 

Sujierior 

Superior  k  Best. 
Superior  k  Pitts. 

Tamarack 

Trlnitv 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


LONDON 
Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton'slnd. 
Camp  Bird — 
Esperanza.... 

Tom  boy 

El  Oro 

Orovllle.      .. 
Mexico  Mines 


Oct.     6 


Clg. 


7 

12  V 
44 
27 )» 

17 

6% 
{.60 
UK 

5,'i 
69« 
560 
18 

6 
67  )i 

4% 

11 'i 
32  M 
21M 
,2A 
I6« 
23  X 

3« 
37 
lOV 
J7)i 

4Ji 
48  ij 

2«;j 

29  »i 
83i 
J5 
38 
127 
13 
74 

inhi 

.51% 

8 
12V 
60 

6 
39^ 
48>i 

3« 
22  X 

8,S 
{116 


BOSTON  CURB    Oct.    4 


Name  of  Comp. 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calav(*ras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve 

First  Nal.  ('op.... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

NafI  Mine 

Nevada-Douglas.. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper 

Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Ariz 

South  Lake 

Superior  J;  Globe 

TretlH»wey 

Tuolumne  Coi)per 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Lost. 

{185 
2X 

log 

.09 

•i" 

6 

2X 

■Hi 

»H 
.31 
.66 
.05 

1 

2« 
.32 

8« 
t" 
{21 

t.ir. 


{.37 


{Last  (luotatlon. 


746 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  8,  1910. 


CHEMICALS,  MINERALS,  RARE  EARTHS,  ETC CURRENT  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 


ABRASIVES— 

Carbons,  good  drill  quality,  carat$50.00®75 . 00 
Carborundum,    f.o.b.    Niagara 

Falls,  powd lb.  .08 

Grains "  .10®.  17 

Corundum "  .07®.  10 

Crushed   Steel,   J.o.b.    Pitts- 
burg  "  .Ooi®  .06 

Emery,    in     kegs;    Turkish 

flour "  .01}®  .  02 

Grains "  .03i@.04 

Naxos  flour "  .01}®. 02 

Grains "  .03i@.04 

Chester  Hour "  .OIJ®  .02 

Grains "  .03i@.04 

Peekskill       flour,       t.o.b. 

Easton,  Pa "  .01}®. 01} 

Grains,  in  kegs "  .02}®  .03 

Garnet,  per  quality,  .sh.  ton.  25.00(ii  35.  00 
Pumice  Stone,  .\m. Powd. ,100 lb.   1.60® 2.0 
Italian,  powdered,  .per  lb.  .01i@.01i 
Lump,  per  quality.-       '*  .03^®. 3 
Rottenstone,  ground..       "  .02®. 04 
Lump,  per  quality..       "  .05®. 20 
Rogue,  per  quality  .. .      "  .05®. 30 
Steel    Emery,    f.o.b.    Pitts- 
burg        "  .07i@.07} 

ACIDS— 

Acetic  28% lb.  .02 

Boric "  .07 

Hydrofluoric,  30% "  .  02}  @ .  03} 

48% "  .06 

52% ••  .06i 

60% "  .10 

Hydrochloric  acid,  20°  per  100  lb.      1.25®  1.50 

Nitric  acid.  36°  to  40°.    per  lb.  .03J@.04i 

Sulphuric  acid,  50°,  bulk  per  ton.  S12  up 

60°,   100  lb.  in  carboys.  .So®  1.1 2* 

60°,  bulk,  ton 16. 00®  18.  00 

66°,  100  lb.  in  carboys.  1.00@1.10 

66°,  bulk,  ton 18.00 

Oxalic per  lb.  .07}®  .07} 

ALCOHOI Grain  95% gal.  2. 54®  2.  56 

Denatured "  .42 

Reflned  wood,95@97%...    "  .62®. 57 

AI.IM- Lump 100  lb.  31.75 

Ground "  1 .  85 

Chrome  Alum "  .044®. 05 

ALrMINlH— Sulphate,  com'l.lb.  1.50@2.00 

AMMONIA— 24  deg.  lb "  .04i@.05i 

26  deg.  lb "  .04}®. 05} 

AMMONICM— 

Bromide lb.  .28 

Carbonate "  .08®  .  08| 

Muriate  grain "  .0.">;  ®  .  06} 

Lump "  .09}®  09i 

Sulphate,  100  lb "  2.S5@2.90 

Sulpho-cyanide  com "  .25 

cliem.  pure  .  "  .35 

ANTIMONY— needle,  lump.  .lb.  .041®. 05 

Oxide "  .07}®. 08 

ARSENIC— white "  .02} (5    ()2| 

Red,  Outside  brands "  .Ofi.t(n    07 

Saxony "  .07@.07i 

ASPH.4I.TIIM— 

Barbadoes per  ton.  80,00®120  00 

West  Indies '  30.00@60.00 

Ecryptian lb.  .2.t®  .30 

Gilsonite,  Utah  ordinary  per  ton.  32. 00®  40. 00 

Trinidad "  20.00@30.00 

California per  ton.  25.00@30.00 

BARIIM— 

Carb.  Lump.  80@90%  .  Ig.  ton.  26  .  00®  35  ,  00 

Precipitated,  96®98%    "  33.00®3.-i  00 

Powdered,  natural lb.  .02(5  .02} 

Chloride  com'l ton.  32 .  00®  35 .  00 

Nitrate  powdered,  in  casks,  .lb.  .05®  .06i 

Blanc  Fixe,  dry,  bbl...    per  lb.  .02}®  ,04 
B.^nVTES- 

Am.  Ground sh.  ton.  12. 00(1*15. 00 

Floated "  17.00®19.00 

Foreign  floated "  20.00@23.00 

BI.RArHING  POAVnER— 35% 

100  lb 1.25@1  .35 

BM'E  VITUIOI,— (copper   sul- 
phate), carload,  per  100  lb.  4.00®4.25 

BONE    ASH lb.  .02J@.04 

BORAX,  sacks •'  .03J@.04 

CAI.f'HM- Acetate.Kray,100Ib.  2.00@2.05 
Carbide,   ton   lots  f.o.b.    Niag- 
ara Falls,  N.  Y.,  tor  Jersey 

City,  N.  J sh.  ton.  65.00 

Chloride,  f.o.b.  N.  y...       "  11.00@14.10 

CEMENT— Slag  cpmont..  .    bbl.  .75®!    25 

Portland,  Am.  500  lb "  1.50®1.BO 

Foreign "  2.25®2.90 

"Kosendale,"  300  lb "  .85 

(in  .sacks) "  .65 

CHROME    ORE— 

New   Caledonia   50%   ex.   ship 

N.  Y per   Ig.    ton.  14.00®16  00 

Bricks,  f.o.b.  Pittsburg,  per  M.  175.00 
CI, AY,  CHINA— Am.    common 

ex-dock,  N.  Y ton.  8  00@9.00 

Foreign ••  11. 50®  18. 00 

fon  \  I,T— Oxldp Ih.  .  S0(-i    S5 


COPPERAS— Bulk 100  1b.  $0.55 

In  bbls "  .65®. 80 

In  bags ■■  .60®. 75 

CRYOLITE  (carload) lb.  .06}®. 07 

FELDSPAR— Ground.. sh.  ton.  6.00@14.00 

FIRE    BRICK— 

.■Vmerican per  M.  30. 00 (i 40. 00 

Imported "  30. 00®  45. 00 

St.  Louis '■  16.00 

Extra "  20. 00®  23. 00 

Special  extra "  30.00@35.00 

FIRE  CLAY— F.o.b.  St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis,  extra  quality. per  ton.  5.00 

ordinary.  ..."  2.50 

FLIORSPAR— 

Domestic  f.o.b.  Pittsburg: 

Lump ton.  8.00®10.00 

Ground "  12.00@14.00 

Foreign  crude  ex.  dock.       "  8.50 

FULLER'S  EARTH— Lump, 1001b.     .80®. 85 

Powdered "  .80®. 85 

GRAPHITE— Ceylon. 

Flymg  dust,  finest  to  best ..  .lb.  .02®.  04 

Dust "  .02}®.  05 

Chip '■  .04®.  08 

Lump "  .  054  ®i  ■  1 2 

Large  lump "  .08}®.  lOJ 

GYPSIM— 

Fertilizer sh.  ton.  5  .  00 

Ground "  4.00®7.00 

I.XFISORIAL   EARTH— 

Ground  .\m.  Best lb.  .01}®  .02} 

German "  .  02}  ®i .  02 J 

LEAD— Acetate  (sugar  of)brown, 

lb.  .07}@.09i 

Nitrate,  com'l "  .08} 

MAGNESITE— Greece. 

Crude  (95%) Ig.  ton.  7. 50® 8.  50 

Calcined,  powdered...  ..sh.  ton.  26.00®37.00 

Brick,  domes,  per  quai.  f.o.b. 

Pittsburg M.  160®200 

MAGNESIl'M— 

Chloride,  com'l 100  lb.  .90@1.25 

Sulphate  (Epsom  salt) . .  100  lb.  .  90®  1 .  00 
MANG.ANESE— 

Foreign,  crude,  powdered: 

70(^75%  binoxide lb.  .01®. 01} 

75@85%  binoxide "  .01}@.0li 

85(1^90%  binoxide "  .014®. 04 

90(<i)95%  binoxide "  .064 

Ore,  80%-85% sh.  ton.  16.00@32.50 

M.VRBLE— Flour sh.  ton.  7.00@9.00 

MIXER.\L   WOOL— 

Slag,  ordinary sh.  ton.  19.00 

Selected "  25.00 

Rock,  ordinary "  32.00 

MONA7.ITE    SAND— 

Guar.  97%.  witli  5%  Thorium 

oxide,  normal lb.  .08  and  up 

NICKEL— 

Oxide,  crude,  lb.  (77%)  for  fine 

metal  contained .47 

Sulphate,  single lb.  .101®.  H 

Sulphate,  double "  .05|® .  OS 

NITRATE  OF  SOD.*.- 

100  lb.  95%, 2   12i 

95%  for  1910 2.  124®2.  1.^1 

96%  is  24®74c.  higher  per  100  lb. 

OZOKERITE— best lb.  .14®  .17 

PAINTS   AND   COLORS— 

Litharge.  Am.  powdered lb.  .05J(d'.06} 

English  gla.ssmakers' "  .08}®  09} 

Lithoplione "  ,034(ai.07 

Metallic,  brown sh.  ton.  16.50Cii3()  no 

Red "  14.00®18  00 

Ocher,  Am.  common.. .       "  lo.00(ii'15  OO 

Best "  12. 00®  15.  00 

Dutch,  washed lb.  .02}®  .03 

French,  waslied "  .01}®   02 

Paris  green,  pure,  bulk "  .  174®   204 

Reil  lead,  .\merican "  -  .06*®   07 

Foreign "  .08}®  .  09} 

Turpentuie,  spirits  bbl.,  per  gat.  .72*{u    "S 

White  lead.  Am.,  dry lb.  .05^®  .06 

.\merican,  in  oil "  .07®  ,07} 

Foreign,  in  oil "  .09®  ,(ic| 

Zinc  white.  Am.  extra  dry.  .  "  .05j®  .C(>4 

French,  proc's, red  seal.dry  "  .074®. 08 
French,  process,  green  seal, 

dry "  .10®.  10} 

PHOSPHATES— Acid 55®60c.  per  unit 

*Fla.,   hanl  rock  77% 6.00®6.50 

land  pebble  68% 3.75(<ii4.00 

tTenn,,  7S(niS0% 5 .  00(ais ,  50 

75% 4  .  75®5  ,  00 

68@72% 4.25(a4,50 

JSo.  Car.  land  rock  60% 3 .  50®4 .  00 

♦F.o.b.  Florida  or  Georeia  ports.     tFo.b.  Mt. 
Pelasant.      tOn  vessel  Ashlev  Tiiver.  S.  C. 


18c. 

184c 

19 

9,25 

.09}®.  10* 

.13®.  13l 

.29®.  32 

2. 18®  2. 21 


114®12 

10}@11 

.13 

.12(5    124 

.09J(ft    10 


.72®1.1.') 
3.S0®4.50 
4.00@4.50 
5.00®5.76 

7.00(5115.00 

7.00(11.15.00 

35.00(ai40.00 

5.00@5.50 

2.75 

.33}®.  36} 

.044®. 05 

.90®. 95 

1.00®  1.30 

1.724@1.85 

.023®.  03 

.50(a  60 

.65®. 86 

1.30®1   75 

.058®.  06} 

.20 

.08}®.  094 


18c. 

184c. 

.20 

30@1.50 

,10®2.40 

,08i®.09 

.60®. 76 

,80®  1.00 

65®  1.00 


POT.4SSIl'M— 

Bicarbonate  crystal lb.  S,08 

Powdered  or  granulated. .  "  .O^J 

Bichromate,  .\m "  .071®  .08 

Scotch "  .  loj 

Broniiiie "  ■>o 

Carbonate  (80®85%) "  .0.;',  l'    (ir, 

Caustic,  ordinary "  .():j;(i    n.-,; 

Elect.  (90%  KOH) "  .OoK"  .06 

Chloride  (muriate),  100  lb  . .  1 .90 

Chlorate,  powdered "  .084®. 094 

Crystals "  .09®. 09} 

Cyanide  (98(399%) 

Carloads  (30,000  lb.) " 

5-ton  lots 

Less  than  5  tons 

Kainite.  long  ton,  bulk,  7.50;  bags, 

Permanganate lb. 

Prussiate.  yellow " 

Red •• 

Sulphate  (basis  90%) .  .  .  100  lb. 
PYRITE— 

Domestic,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  f.o.b.  R.  II per  unit. 

Domestic,    non-arsenical,    fines, 

per  unit,  f.o.b.  mines 

Imported,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  ex-ship,  per  unit 

Imported,  arsenical, furnace  size, 

ex-ship,  per  unit 

Imported  fines, arsenical, ex -ship, 

per  unit 

Imported     fines,    non-arsenical, 

ex-ship,  per  unit .11®114 

Pyrite  prices  are  per  unit  of  sulphur.     A  deduc- 
tion of  25c.  per  ton  is  made  when  ore  for  furnace 
is  delivered  in  large  lumps. 
SALT— N.  Y.  com.  fine  280  lb.  bbl. 

N.  Y.  agricultural sh.  ton. 

S-\LTPETER— Crude. . .  100  lb. 

Refined,  cry.stals " 

SILICA- 

Ground  quartz,  ord'ry,.lg.  ton 

Silex,  ground 

Silex,  floated " 

Lump  quartz " 

Glass  sand " 

SILVER— Nitrate,  crystals. .  .oz. 

SODIIM— Acetate lb 

•■Alkali,"  per  100  lb.,  58/48.  . . 

Bicarb,  soda,  per  100  lb 

Soda,  caustic,  per  100  lb.,  78/60 

Soda,  caustic,  powdered 

Salt  cake,  per  100  lb.,  bulk 

Salt  cake,  bbl 

Soda,  monohydrate,  per  lb. .  . . 

Bichromate lb. 

Bromide " 

Chlorate,  com'l " 

Cyanide.  120-130%  KCN,  per  100% 

Carloads  (30,000  lb.) lb. 

5-ton  lots " 

Less  than  5  tons " 

Hyposulphite,  Am •' 

Phospliate 100  lb. 

Pru.ssiate '• 

Sal  soda,  f.o.b.  N.  Y" .  .  .      " 

Foreign,  f.o.b.  N.  Y.  .       " 

.Silicate,  com'l " 

Sulphate,  com'l  (Glauber's  salt) 

100  lb. 

Sulphate,  com'l,  calcined 

STRONTIIiM— Nitrate lb. 

Sl'LI'HI'R— Louisiana  (prime)  to 

New  York Ig.  ton. 

To  Boston,  Philadelphia  or 

Baltimore *' 

Roll 100  lb. 

Flour " 

Flowers,  sublimed  ...       " 
Powdered   commercial,   bags 
Sicilian,  extra  qual.,  unmixed 
seconds,    crude    brimstone 

to  New  York Ig.  ton. 

TERRA  ALBA— Fr.A-Eng.  1001b 

r.*Lr— Domestic sh.  ton. 

French 

Italian,  best 

TI\-Bi-chloride,  50"" lb 

Crystals ■• 

Oxide,  lb " 

IR.VNIIM- Oxide ■• 

ZINC— (mioride  sol.,  com.  20°  " 

Chloride,  granular " 

Du.st •' 

Sulphate " 


.60®. 80 
.65®.  85 
.07®. 08 

22.00  up 


$22.00 

70@1.00 

12.00(11.20.00 

15.00(11125.00 

30.0OKii40.00 

.104(1    12i 

.23®.  244 

.37®, 40 

2.20@4.25 

.02} 

.04®. 04) 

.06} 

.02®.  024 

XiiTK — These  quolntlmis  are  («v  ordinary 
wlioh'sah'  lots  in  New  York  unless  nlhiMwIse 
si.ocifici].  .Thd  are  licuiM-nlly  suh.jcct  tn  the 
usiinl  Iriidf  discnunls.  In  llic  cases  nt"  siuue  of 
llic  inipiirlant  iiiiiicnils.  such  a.^  phnspliate 
rock,  p.vfilcs  and  s'lliiluii',  in  whicli  Ihoi-c  are 
well  I's'lalillslieil  niai-kols.  (he  i|iinialions  are 
sulisliuilially  rcpn's-Miliillvi'.  Hul  in  llii"  cases 
nf  simic  i.r  llic  iiiliini'  iiiiiicral  prinincls.  (he 
quoladiuis  ri'pri'scnt  whal  dealers  ask  of  con- 
suiiicrs  and  nut  u'liat  priidm-i'i's  can  realize 
In  selling  thcii-  mifiiiil  as  a  mailer  of  prlvute 
rmitract. 


AND 


^ffENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEEKLY 


y  the  Hill  Pwblishing  Company,  505 
carl  Street,  New  York  <%.  John  A. 
[ill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
L'tary  ■%.  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
treet,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
nter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
ngminjour,  N.  Y.  <%.  Subscriptions 
ayable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
lumbers,  including  postage  in  the 
Inited  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
lico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  ■%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  <%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ■%.  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


OL.  go 


OCTOBER  15,  iQio. 


NO.  i6 


CIItVULA  TK)\    ST  A  TEilENT 

IhniiKj  inri;i  »■,■  pi-nitcd  and  circulated 
ir.iMi  (•"/jic.s  of  The  Exgixeeking  and 
:•.  :m:    .luntNAl.. 

circiildtii^n    for    Srpfejnber,    1910,    icas 
'   copicfi. 

Octohrr    1 12,r>0(l 

Oclohrr    8 a.riOd 

October   1.1 9,.->iii) 

"■  firiit  frrr  rctjninrlif,  no  hack  tiiimbcrs. 
'V    art    iirf,    iirt    t-iirulathm. 


j  Contents  page 

1  tutorials  : 

Copper   S(.Ttistics  for   Septembfr T47 

'  /Inc   Sineltin^  in    Kansas 74S 

ri-<»Kr*'ss    in    i'ulilicilv 74s 

t>tailics— I!y   tlic  Way 741) 

j  .'nv'spdnfit'iicc    an<i    1  Jiscussion  : 

('alif'ii-nia  nil  I  liviflonds.  ...  Foam- 
ing fif  Convfj-ter  Sla,i;s.  ...  Sampling; 
Low-pra(ir  and  lire;;uiar  Orobodies 
. .  .  .^>m('ltinj;  Briqiu'ttt'd  Zinc  Oi-e 
....  llipaliing      of      Highland      Boy 

Tramway    7."iO 

iiestions  and   .\nswers 7."»I 

flails  nf  I'raiiical   Mining: 

•(Jravily  I'lanes  at  CUeever  Mine.  .  .  . 
•A  'I'inilier  Carrier.  .  .  .Magnetic  Par- 
ticles in  4*njipfr  Huiiion  Sampling 
. . . .  •Ilandllni;  Cnal  in  Low  Itooms 
....  "Sliafl  I'lmnlilng  ....  I'laelng 
Shaft  Timlii-rs  ....  •Barrel  Distri- 
hnter  f<.r  ( 'oncenli'ating  Tal)les.  .  .  . 
•I.almr    and    Tonnage    Chart    as    .\id 

li   Ited'.icing  Costs 7.-)2 

iiiding    Session    of    American    Mining 

t  ongress t<i>ecial    Corrcspoinlcuff  7.">0 

MhMai     Report     of     Kerr     Lake     Mining 

<  'onipany    7.">7 

•   r  I'ronfagp  on  Now  York   Ilarhor.  .  .    7."iS 

ii'ry  of  American    .\i'llie   Mine 7."iS 

Mimic  Conditions  in   the  .loplin    l>is- 

1  lict T.   Lanr  Carter  ~~tU 

■>    Important   West    Virginia   Gas  Deal. 

Sperial    C'orrcxi/ontlence   7r.l 

ay  Consolidated  Copper  Company 71>1 

i»teinher    Divideniis "CiL* 

lironolngv     of     Mining     for     Septemher. 

ItlKi    7(12 

linerals    and    Mines    I)epartment    of    the 
Appal  acid  an     ['Exposition. 

Raif   V.    Myers   7<i2 
Xotes  on   Operations  at  .larhidge  Camp. 

Nevada ll'ii!*;iio;)    ir.   Fist;   7(1.3 

Vrii's  „n  the  Construction  of  Califcn-nia 

(•[■edges Jahn     Titssoirslci    7(i.'i 

lolyilc    Heflnlng   in    Aiislralia-  II. 

(I,    If.    lllal;emore   ~IW 
apitnllzallon    of    Small    Mines. 

t.     11'.     Wanriel!    771 
iieflll   Clues   for    the    Mining   Geologist. 

W.    II.    UriHlrielCKOli    772 
Facts    Concerning    Present    Fuel    Situa- 
tion   Iliii/il   w.    />(rr»oH.»  77:! 

^oteR  on  the  Coal   Industry   In  West   Vir- 
ginia   It.    II.   [Irhrsmatle  77."> 

taflalleal     nesnlts    of    Coal     Mining    in 

Ilussia   In  1!i(i!P 770 

*hlgh    Valley    Coal    Company 777 

he  Kuel   Sllnnllon   in   Texas 777 

ew    I'uliliialions 77S 

personal.    oMIuary    and    Societies 770 

'ditorlal    Correspondence 7fiO 

lining    Xe\v« 7S2 

larljets    788 

'llliliilrnlrfl. 


The    Copper    Statistics    for 
September 


Expectations  that  the  September  cop- 
per statistics  would  be  favorable  were 
fulfilled.  European  stocks  decreased  7,- 
168,000  lb.;  American,  20.087,531;  total 
27,255,531  lb.  Since  July  1  the  total 
stock  has  been  reduced  41.000,000  lb. 
This  manifests,  at  least,  a  turn  of  the 
right  direction  in  the  copper  situation. 

The  reduction  in  the  stock  in  this 
country  was  due  to  a  further  swelling  of 
the  exportation,  a  maintenance  of  the  do- 
mestic deliveries  and  a  decrease  in  the 
production.  The  decrease  in  production 
did  not  reflect  the  curtailment  by  the 
smelters,  which  has  not  yet  had  time  to 
manifest  itself.  It  is  to  be  ascribed  to 
refinery  conditions  and  the  status  of  the 
stocks  of  crude  copper  among  the  re- 
finers and  in  transit  to  them. 

We  are  under  no  illusion  as  to  the 
huge  exports  of  September,  which  in  part 
went  undoubtedly  into  the  invisible  stock 
of  Europe,  but  the  fact  remains  that  ac- 
tual consumption  in  both  Europe  and 
America  is  going  on  at  an  unparalleled 
rate,  and  with  the  certainty  of  further 
decrease  in  the  production  the  prospect  is 
good  for  further  improvement  in  the 
copper  situation.  The  smelters'  figures 
for  August  show  a  decrease  of  about 
9  000.000  lb.  in  the  production  of  North 
America  as  compared  with  July.  The 
September  figures,  so  far  as  received, 
are  running  smaller.  This  curtailment 
should  begin  to  show  in  the  refinery  sta- 
tistics for  October. 

The  fear  that  has  haunted  producers 
during  the  last  month  has  been  the  status 


of  consumption  in  this  country.  There 
has  been  so  much  talk  of  recession  in 
business  in  general  that  copper  manu- 
facturing would  naturally  be  expected  to 
suffer  along  with  other  industries. 

We  have  been  persistently  of  the  opin- 
ion that  recession  in  business  in  the 
United  States  in  1910  has  been  greatly 
exaggerated.  In  copper  consumption 
there  has  been  no  recession  statistically 
observable. 

In  1909  the  deliveries  were  705,051,591 
lb.,  an  average  of  58,750,000  lb.  per 
month.  In  the  first  quarter  of  1910  the 
monthly  average  was  69,207,000;  in  the 
second,  60,218,000;  in  the  third,  62,980,- 
000.  Consumption  and  deliveries  dif- 
fer as  to  monthly  comparisons,  but  the 
statistics  for  the  first  nine  months  of 
1910  indicate  that  the  domestic  consump- 
tion has  been  in  the  neighborhood  of  65,- 
000,000  lb.  per  month,  which  is  the 
highest  rate  in  the  history  of  this  country. 
The  consumption  in  Europe  having  also 
been  extraordinary,  it  is  evident  that  the 
low  price  for  copper  has  stimulated  the 
use  of  the  metal  in  many  fields  wherein 
it  ordinarily  suffers  frotu  the  competition 
of  other  substances. 

Copper  consumption  having  thus  more 
than  held  its  own  during  a  year  of  com- 
mercial disturbance  and  reactionary  ten- 
dencies, we  may  expect  to  see  it  gain 
largely  when  the  time  comes,  following 
this  late  period  of  liquidation,  for  the 
inauguration  of  new  enterprises.  This 
condition  will  probably  create  an  actual 
need  for  the  new  production  of  copper 
that  will  begin  to  materialize  in  1911, 
but  hardly  will  become  large  until  1912. 
In  the  meanwhile  a  monthly  de- 
crease of  25,000.000  lb.  in  the  accumu- 


748 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


|j»' 


Union,  which  is  not  improbable,  would  in 
six  months  more  reduce  the  total  to  but 
little  upward  of  200,000,000  lb.,  or  only 
slightly  in  excess  of  a  month's  supply 
of  the  world's  present  requirements,  and 
that  situation  would,  of  course,  imply  a 
higher  price  for  the  metal  than  prevails 
at  present. 


Zinc  Smelting  in  Kansas 


The  coming  winter  will  probably  mark 
what  will  be  practically  the  end  of  zinc 
smelting  at  lola,  Kan.,  which  place  for 
nearly  a  decade  was  the  chief  center  of 
this  industry.  The  works  of  the  United 
Zinc  and  Chemical  Company  have  al- 
ready been  abandoned.  At  the  three 
works  of  the  Lanyon  Zinc  Company,  with 
their  15  furnaces,  but  four  furnaces  are 
now  in  operation,  and  the  chances  are 
that  all  of  these  works  will  be  abandoned 
before  next  spring.  The  other  smelters 
are  limping  along  at  reduced  capacity,  as 
well  as  their  scanty  supply  of  gas  per- 
mits, but  the  end  of  their  operations  also 
cannot  be  long  delayed. 

Substantially  the  same  condition  exists 
also  at  Cherryvale,  Altoona  and  Neo- 
desha.  Caney  alone. seems  to  have  an 
ample  supply  of  gas.  The  life  of  the 
other  smelteries  is  prolonged  only  by  ex- 
tensions of  pipe  lines  and  other  expedi- 
ents normally  accompanying  the  exhaus- 
tion of  gas  fields,  which  cause  the  fuel  to 
be  of  high  cost.  At  Cherryvale  some  of 
the  furnaces  are  being  fired  with  oil. 

It  was  in  1896  that  the  first  smelting 
works  was  built  at  lola,  but  not  until  1899 
that  heavy  drafts  began  to  be  made  upon 
that  pool.  Of  all  the  gas  pools  discov- 
ered in  Kansas  that  of  lola  was  distinctly 
the  best.  It  has  lasted  for  12  years,  disre- 
garding the  relatively  small  drain  upon  it 
previous  to  1899.  Smelting  has  been  con- 
ducted at  Cherryvale  for  about  the  same 
time.  There  is  no  other  gas  smelting 
work  in  Kansas  that  is  yet  10  years  old, 
though  Neodesha  and  Chanute  are  nearly 
of  that  age. 

The  history  of  gas  smelting  in  Kansas 
has  been  a  close  repetition  of  the  expe- 
rience in  Indiana,  where  several  small 
works  were  erected  in  1892.  By  1900 
the  industry  in  that  district  was  practic- 
ally dead,  although  one  smelter  continued 
to  operate  fitfully  for  two  or  three 
years  longer.  Indiana  was  a  region  of 
denser  population  than  Kansas,  and  nat- 


ural gas  there  became,  of  course,  more 
quickly  an  article  of  luxury  and  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  zinc  smelters,  dependent 
upon  cheap  fuel. 

Natural  gas  is  still  abundant  in  Okla- 
homa, and  Bartlesville  has  now  become  to 
the  zinc  industry  what  lola  used  to  be. 
The  smelters  operating  there  have  lately 
been  increasing  their  capacity.  Caney, 
Kan.,  also  draws  gas  from  Okla- 
homa. However,  the  fate  of  the  works 
at  Bartlesville  and  Caney  will  sooner  or 
later  be  the  same  as  of  those  at  lola  and 
in  Indiana. 

We  long  ago  foretold  the  eventual  trans- 
fer of  the  zinc  smelting  industry  to  the 
coal  fields  of  Illinois.  During  the  last  few 
years  the  works  at  Lasalle  and  Peru  in 
that  State  have  been  added  to  by  those  at 
Depue,  Springfield  and  Danville.  In  1909 
the  spelter  production  of  Illinois  rose  to 
75,000  tons,  or  28  per  cent,  of  the  total 
of  the  United  States.  In  the  course  of 
time  we  may  expect  the  ratio  to  become 
larger. 


a 


i 


Progress  in  Publicity 

It  has  lately  been  announced  that  the 
Anaconda  company  will  report  monthly 
the  amount  of  its  copper  production,  thus 
adopting  the  policy  of  publicity  upon 
which  nearly  all  of  the  important  cop- 
per-producing companies  have  entered 
during  the  last  year  or  two.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  all  of  the  producers  of  blister 
copper  with  but  three  or  four  exceptions 
report  officia'lly  their  production,  as  soon 
as  possible  after  the  close  of  each  month, 
and  this  enables  us  to  supplement  the  re- 
finers' statistics  with  a  compilation  show- 
ing reliably  the  supply  to  the  refiners, 
which  the  latter  are  going  to  report  in 
form  available  for  manufacturing  two  or 
three  months  later.  We  have  no  doubt 
that  the  few  concerns  that  have  not  yet 
adopted  this  policy  of  reporting  will 
shortly  do  so. 

All  of  this  is  great  testimony  of  the 
progress  of  ideas  in  the  right  direction. 
We  remember  the  trials  and  tribulations 
of  the  old  producers'  association  of  the 
'90s.  Its  reports  were  incomplete,  were 
published  only  in  the  aggregate,  and  were 
finally  abandoned  owing  to  suspicion  of 
bad  faith  in  certain  quarters,  justified  or 
unjustified  is  no  longer  a  question.  Now 
we  have  most  of  the  producers  making 
voluntarily  to  their  stockholders  and  to 
the   public  a   prompt  statement   of  their 


production,   to   be   entered    openly    unde 

each  name,  and  there  is  no  question  as  t 

reliability. 

JL.k 
The   benefit   of  this  policy   is  obvious *' 

The  stockholders  of  the  companies  kno\ 

right  along  something  of  importance  as  t  jL|iJi 

the   operations   in   which   they   are   intei;  gl 

ested,  and  all  parties  to  the  trade  in  cop  I  ^ 

per  are  put  in  possession  of  informatio 

that   is   mutually   useful.      Not    long   ag ;  ■' 

there  was  expressed  some  dissatisfactio 

respecting  the  publication  of  the  refiner 

statistics.      The    monthly    reiterations   c 

increases  in  production  and  stocks  wet 

indeed  depressing,  but  if  the  associatio 

had    been    abandoned    there    would   hav 

been  no  means  of  giving  out  such  goo 

news  as  that  for  September  and  what  ■* 

expect  in  months  to  come.     The  smelter 

figures  have  fully  justified  themselves  t 

showing    that    the    recent    curtailment 

actually   a    fact   and    promptly   dispellirm- 

doubts  that  otherwise  would  have  existe  % 

for  several  months.     The   publication  ( 

unfavorable  statistics  may  sometimes  t 

vexatious  to  the  producers — we  speak  < 

them   only  because  it  is  they  alone  wh 

give  them — but  nevertheless  it  is  whol 

to  their  interest.     We  have   seem   mar 

occasions  when  the  best  informed  amor 

producers   have   been   entirely  wrong  n 

specting    the    situation    in    their    trade 

when  knowledge  of  the   facts  has  final! 

come  as  a  sheer  surprise  and  has  led  : 

disturbing   rises   or   falls   in   the   marke 

Accurate  statistics  serve  without  doubt 

temper  fluctuations,  steadying  the  mark 

and  reducing  extremes.     In  this  they  ai 

good   for  both  producers  and  consumer 

It    is    particularly    gratifying    that    tt 

Anaconda  company  has  adopted  this  ne 

policy   of   publicity.   Time    was   when   i 

secrecy  was  a  great  subject  of  criticisr 

Under  the  enlightened  management  of  M 

Thayer,    aided    by    Mr.    Mathewson,   M 

Gillie    and    Mr.    Goodale    and    their   abl 

staff    of    technicians,    this    company    ha 

been  raised  to  an  industrial  organizatio 

of  wonderful   efficiency,  and   it  is  now 

shining  example  of  the  best  that  Amer 

can  engineers  can  do  and  is  an  enterpris 

of    which    in    its    technical    aspects    th 

country   has    reason    to    feel    proud.     It 

mines  are   in   no   immediate  prospect  c 

petering  out,  its  cost  of  production  doe 

not  compare  unfavorably  with  that  of  th 

other  large  producers  and  there  is  no  rea 

son  why  it  should  not  tell  freely  about  it 

affairs.     As  time  goes  on  it  will  probabi; 

do  so  more   and  more. 


lOctober  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


749 


Metallics 


By  the  Way 


The  best  method  for  the  production  of 
I  re  boron  is  the  reduction  of  boron 
cloride  by  means  of  an  arc  discharge 
tough  a  mixture  of  the  vapor  of  the 
jloride  with  oxygen.  The  boron  is  ob- 
ined  partly  as  a  fine  powder  and  partly 
1  fused  lumps. 

In  sampling  dredging  ground,  or,  in- 
led,  in  any  sampling  work,  attention 
lould  not  be  wholly  confined  to  the  de- 
imination  of  the  mineral  specially 
lught.  A  careful  inspection,  particular- 
I  of  concentrates,  may  show  the  pres- 
(ce  of  quite  another  substance  which 
■11  allow  the  working  of  an  otherwise 
■  profitable   deposit. 

The  addition  of  a  small  percentage  of 
dmium  to  low-grade  German  silver  in- 
,;ases  the  hardness,  general  working 
alities  and  color  to  that  of  a  first-  or 
cond-grade  alloy  containing  22  to  30 
r  cent,  of  nickel.  An  example  of  such 
"modified"  German  silver  is  57  per 
nt.  copper,  12.5  nickel,  28.5  zinc  and 
per  cent,  cadmium. 

Throughout  a  mine,  and  especially  in 
;  stopes,  then  are  many  openings 
lich  must  be  carefully  avoided.  Some 
these  openings,  such  as  manways, 
nberways,  chutes,  etc..  are  in  constant 
e.  Others,  not  so  constantly  used, 
e  frequently  temporarily  open.  Miners 
ould  be  warned  of  the  latter  class  of 
enings  and  instructed  to  keep  them  pro- 
:ted  by  lagging  or  other  means  when 
t  actually  in  use. 

Th..  maximum  weight  attainable  by  the 
dinary  gravitation  stamp  is  obviously 
termined  by  the  limit  in  size  of  cam 
aft  and  stem,  and  also  by  the  increased 
;ar  on  the  faces  of  cam  and  tappet, 
p  to  a  certain  weight  there  should  be  an 
crease  in  the  efficiency  of  the  stamp 
ittery,  while  above  that  point  the  bene- 
s  to  be  derived  from  the  extra  weight 
ill  be  greatly  minimized  by  the  extra  ex- 
■nse  in  first  cost  and  particularly  in 
aintenance.  This  weight  is  tentatively 
aced  at  1750  lb.  by  C.  O.  Schmidt,  a 
)uth  African  engineer. 

Gypsum  is  readily  decomposed  when 
timately  mixed  with  sand  or  silica  and 
rongly  heated,  a  mixture  of  sulphur 
oxide,  oxygen,  and  water  being  evolved; 
e  small  proportion  of  iron  oxide  con- 
ined  in  ordinary  sand  or  sea-sand  acts 
italytically  and  hastens  the  decomposi- 
'n.  From  the  mixture  of  gases  sul- 
luric  acid  may  be  obtained  by  the  con- 
ct  process,  and,  on  account  of  the  pur- 
y  of  the  product  and  the  fact  that  the 
sidue  may  be  utilized  for  making  glass, 
is  considered  that  gypsum  could  pos- 
bly  compete  as  a  raw  material  for  sul- 
luric-acid  manufacture,  especially  in 
luntries  possessing  large  deposits  of 
j'psum  but  no  pyrites. 


A  "Constant  Reader"  has  contributed 
the  following  definition  of  copper 
oxide  given  by  a  reputable  (?)  en- 
gineer in  a  report:  "A  limonite  infiltra- 
tion of  ferruginous  clay  subsequently  im- 
piegnated  by  a  cupric  efflorescence." 
This  would  undoubtedly  present  a  serious 
difficulty  in  the  ultimate  recovery  obtain- 
able, still  it  must  have  sounded  impres- 
sive to  the  shareholders  and  to  promoters, 
who  would  employ  an  "engineer"  of  that 
type. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  escapes 
from  death  in  the  annals  of  Lake  Superior 
mining  occurred  on  Aug.  29  at  the  Red 
Jacket  shaft  of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla, 
when  Mike  B.  Sunrich,  a  timberman,  in 
stepping  from  the  repair  cage  to  the  main 
cage  fell  into  the  shaft.  He  fell  150  ft. 
before  he  could  grasp  the  rope  attached 
to  the  skip  and  save  himself  from  a 
fall  of  a  quarter  mile  to  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft.  His  hands  were  badly  burned 
on  the  wire  rope,  but  otherwise  he  was 
unhurt.  He  was  dangling  from  the  cable 
when  rescued. 

A  forest  on  a  mountain  or  a  running 
stream  are  promptly  described  as  unlim- 
ited sources  of  power,  by  many  mine 
owners.  It  is  surprising,  however,  to  note 
how  quickly  the  edge  of  the  forest  re- 
cedes and  how  low  the  river  gets  in  sum- 
mer. One  water-power  promoter  says: 
"We  will  not  consider  a  water-power  pro- 
ject unless  after  doubling  the  cost,  cut- 
ting the  available  power  in  two,  and  re- 
ducing the  market  price  of  power  by  40 
per  cent,  it  will  still  show  an  interest  on 
the  required  capital."  It  is  more  often 
the  case  than  not,  with  mining  compan- 
ies, that  both  types  of  power  must  be 
provided. 

A  mining  engineer  once  said  that  in 
his  examination  of  Mexican  mining  prop- 
erties, as  a  sort  of  homage  to  the  custom 
of  padding  the  usual  mine  report  with  a 
certain  amount  of  irrelevant  geologic 
adornment,  he  coolly  contributed  to  this 
verbosity  by  terming  as  Cretaceous  all 
sedimentary  rocks,  and  as  Tertiary  the 
intrusive  and  eruptive  rocks.  And,  in- 
deed more  often  than  otherwise  he  hit 
the  truth;  awakening,  presumably,  due 
respect  from  his  employers  and  econo- 
mizing his  time  and  energies  for,  let  us 
hope,  investigations  of  some  real  signifi- 
cance. There  are,  however,  certain  re- 
gions where  such  classifications  would 
not  serve. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioners  in 
Lunacy  for  the  year  ended  Jan.  1  last 
shows  a  further  increase  in  lunacy  in 
England  and  Wales.  Some  interesting 
hints,  not  necessarily  conclusions,  as  to 
the  effect  of  occupation  on  mental  health 
can  be  gathered  from  the  report,  giving 
the  ratio  of  insane  per   10.000  according 


to  occupations.  In  professional  occupa- 
tions the  teacher  shows  best  with  the  low 
rate  of  7.9.  Physicians  have  an  insanity 
rate  of  12.9,  barristers  and  solicitors  of 
15.2,  clergymen  of  13.1,  civil  servants  of 
10.4,  artists  (painters  and  sculptors)  of 
27.3  and  civil  and  mining  engineers  the 
very  high  rate  of  52.5.  Pursuance  of  the 
profession  of  mining  engineering  has 
frequently  been  considered  as  increasing 
the  disciples  of  Ananias,  but  heretofore 
so  far  as  we  are  aware,  it  has  not  been 
thought  to  lead  to  insanity.  Yet,  when 
our  recollection  is  thus  directed,  we  re- 
call many  incidents  that  would  thus  be 
adequately  explained. 

The  automobile  has  found  much  appli- 
cation in  connection  with  the  mining  in- 
dustry. Especially  in  such  regions  as 
Nevada  has  it  been  very  useful  in  en- 
abling mining  men  to  pass  quickly  over 
country  that  has  no  facilities  for  railway 
or  tramway  transportation.  In  some 
cases  automobiles  have  been  made  ad- 
vantageously to  take  advantage  of  rail- 
way lines.  The  superintendent  at  Naco- 
zari,  Mexico,  which  has  railway  connec- 
tion with  Douglas,  Ariz.,  but  only  a  train 
every  other  day,  used  to  have  an  automo- 
bile with  flanged  wheels,  enabling  him  to 
use  the  line  to  Douglas  atanytime  desired. 
A  recent  number  of  the  Iiica  Chronicle, 
published  at  La  Fundicion,  Peru,  shows  a 
photograph  of  the  automobile  of  Charles 
F.  Shelby,  equipped  for  railway  service 
In  similar  manner.  He  is  thus  able  to 
make  the  journey  quickly  from  Cerro  de 
Pasco  to  Lima.  Arrived  at  Lima  the 
change  of  steel  for  ordinary  rubber  tires 
is  a  matter  of  but  a  few  minutes,  and 
the  automobile  is  then  ready  for  ordinary 
service. 

The  report  of  a  certain  steady,  divi- 
dend-paying mining  company  for  1909 
contains  no  technical  information  of  its 
operation  save  the  following:  Average 
grade  of  all  ore  mined  in  per  cent,  copper, 
grade  of  smelting  ore  and  grade  of  con- 
centrating ore,  but  no  reference  to  the 
tonnage  of  either  the  total  ore  or  smelt- 
ing ore  mined;  tonnage  of  ore  concen- 
trated, but  no  reference  to  extraction  or 
grade  or  quantity  of  concentrates;  re- 
sume of  development  and  general  mine 
conditions,  but  no  reference  to  ore  re- 
serves; statement  of  the  total  costs  of 
mining,  concentrating  and  smelting  per 
ton  of  ore  mined;  cost  of  concentrating 
per  ton  of  ore  concentrated;  cost  of 
smelting  per  ton  of  charge  smelted,  and 
of  smelting  and  converting  per  pound  of 
fine  copper  produced;  production  of  cop- 
per, silver  and  gold;  and  a  statement  of 
the  cost  per  pound  of  refined  copper. 
We  leave  it  to  our  readers  (as  the  com- 
pany.evidently  did)  to  suggest  a  way  for 
the  recipient  of  this  report  to  decide 
whether  or  not  the  mine  is  being  eco- 
nomically handled.  A  mere  array  of  fig- 
ures may  suffice  now,  but  there  have  been 
some  rude  awakenings. 


750 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


California  Oil  Dividends 


In  the  Journal  of  Sept.  17,  page  550, 
the  reduction  of  S404,000  in  the  total 
paid  in  dividends  during  August  as  com- 
pared with  July  by  California  oil  com- 
panies listed  on  the  San  Francisco  Stock 
Exchange,  is  attributed  "in  a  large  meas- 
ure to  the  heavy  reduction  in  the  price  of 
oil."  The  Thirty-three  Oil  Company  is 
stated  in  the  list  to  have  distributed  in 
August  S400,000,  which  is  a  dividend  on 
a  capita!  disbursement,  the  company  hav- 
ing been  sold  lately  to  a  British  syndi- 
cate. The  May,  June  and  July  statements 
were  also  swelled  to  over  S1,000,000  by 
the  capita!  disbursements  of  the  Imperial 
Oil  Company,  which  was  bought  by  the 
same   syndicate. 

The  dividends  paid  by  the  listed  com- 
panies for  the  last  12  months,  referring 
to  dividends  from  earnings,  have  been 
uniformly  about  .S600,000  per  month.  The 
unlisted  companies  probably  paid  from 
5200,000  to  8400,000  per  month  in  addi- 
tion, making  a  distribution  of  current 
earnings  of  approximately  $1,000,000 
per  month  by  the  operating  companies  of 
the  State. 

Recent  Cut  in  Price  Only  Effects 
Small    Percentage  of   Production 

The  recent  cut  in  price  of  oil  (meaning 
the  daily-run  sales)  from  50c.  to  30c. 
per  bbl.  affects  low-gravity  fuel  oil  only, 
and  only  about  10  per  cent,  of  the  State's 
production,  the  remainder  (exclusive  of 
that  controlled  by  the  Independent  Oil 
Producers  Agency)  being  under  con- 
tracts, for  periods  and  quantities,  and 
varying  in  price  from  30c.  to  65c.  per 
bbl.  The  higher  gravity  refining  oil  sells, 
at  the  wells,  at  from  65c.  to  SI  per  bbl.  It 
is.therefore,  apparent  that  the  cut  by  the 
Associated  Oil  Company  which  went  into 
effect  on  Sept.  1,  for  the  daily-run  oil 
could  not  affect  returns  so  quickly  as 
indicated  by  the  Journal. 

Many  Producing  Co.mpanies  Unlisted 

The  statement  that  the  "grand  total  of 
dividends  paid  to  date  by  California  oil 
companies  amounts  to  $34,682,082" 
should  likewise  be  qualified  by  noting 
that  the  above  sum  represents  only  the 
amount  disbursed  by  the  listed  compan- 
ies. The  exact  figure  may  be  half  again 
as  much;  the  earnings  of  the  Standard 
Oil  Company  are  not  included,  and  it  is 
a  most  important  factor  in  the  business, 
both  as  a  marketer,  refiner,  and  lately, 
producer.    As  an  illustration  to  what  ex- 


tent oil  companies  list  their  securities, 
it  may  he  noted  that  of  60  producing  com- 
panies in  the  Kern  River  field  but  27  are 
listed  on  the  San  Francisco  and  Los 
Angeles  exchanges. 

J.  H.  G.  Wolf. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Sept.  22,  1910. 


Foaming    of    Converter    Slags 

Redick  R.  Moore  in  his  article  on 
"Recent  Practice  in  Copper  Matte  Con- 
verting," published  in  the  Journal  of 
Sept.  3,  1910,  mentions  the  foaming  of 
converter  slags,  if  not  removed  when  the 
"high"  point  is  reached,  owing  to  the  vio- 
lent reaction  between  copper  oxide  or 
silicate  and  copper  sulphide.  He  also 
states  that  the  exact  conditions  under 
which  this  foaming  takes  place  have  not 
been  thoroughly  worked  out. 

I  am  convinced,  after  many  years'  ex- 
perience in  converting  all  grades  of 
matte,  that  the  following  explanation  is 
correct,  and  accounts  for  many  mysteri- 
ous "foamings." 

Foaming  Occurs  when  Matte  Level  Is 
Below  Tuyeres 
"Foamy"  slags  in  a  converter,  long  be- 
fore the  matte  has  reached  the  high  point, 
are  caused  by  the  matte  in  the  converter 
becoming  so  reduced  in  bulk,  that  it  falls 
below  the  tuyere  level  and  allows  the 
air  to  be  blown  directly  through  the  slag. 
This  can  be  easily  proved,  by  turning 
down  the  converter  as  soon  as  the  slag 
in  the  converter  shows  the  least  sign  of 
foaming,  pouring  off  all  slag  and  then 
turning  the  converter  back  to  the  identi- 
cal position  in  which  it  was  when  foam- 
ing commenced.  It  will  be  observed,  if 
the  slag  has  been  run  off  clean,  that  the 
matte  in  the  converter  is  on  a  level  with 
the  tuyeres  and  in  order  to  continue  the 
blow,  more  matte  must  be  added  or  the 
converter  tilted  so  that  the  matte  in  the 
converter  is  above  the   tuyere   level. 

Foaming  Rare  with  High-grade  Mattes 

The  lower  the  grade  of  matte  at  the 
time  of  charging  matte  into  the  converter, 
the  lower  will  be  the  grade  of  matte  in 
the  converter  at  the  time  of  foaming.  The 
depth  of  the  inside  of  the  converting 
chamber  below  the  tuyeres  will  also  af- 
fect the  grade  of  matte  at  the  time  of 
foaming.  The  deeper  the  converter,  with 
the  same  weight  of  charge,  the  lower  will 
be  the  grade  of  matte  during  foaming,  as 
it  will  take  less  time  for  the  matte  to 
reach  the  tuyere  level.  Matte  between 
35  and  50  per  cent,  copper  (which  is  the 


ordinary  grade  for  converting)  will  rarely 
become  so  small  in  bulk,  as  to  fall  below 
the  tuyeres,  before  its  grade  has  been' 
raised  to  75  per  cent.,  at  which  time  the 
slag  is  skimmed  off.  In  converting  a  IJ 
per  cent,  matte,  foaming  might  take  place 
when  the  matte  in  the  converter  has 
reached  only  about  50  per  cent,  grade. 
A.  R.  McKenzie. 
Great  Falls,  Mont.,  Sept.  27,   1910. 


Sampling  Low-grade  and  Irregulai 
Orebodies 


In  sampling  the  low-grade  so  callei 
"porphyry"  deposits  in  the  Globe  and  as 
sociated  districts,  strips  averaging  3  in 
in  width  and  54  to  Yi  in.  in  depth,  are  cu 
horizontally  along  either  wall  of  drift: 
and  crosscuts  by  means  of  a  moil  an( 
single  jack.  Samples  of  about  40  lb.  eact 
are  broken.  Raises  and  winzes  are  sam 
pled  in  the  same  way,  vertical  strips  be 
ing  cut  on  two  sides.  Another  method  o 
sampling  is  the  commonly  known  rinj 
method,  in  which  a  sample  is  taken  b\ 
cutting  a  ring  around  the  drift  at  state; 
intervals.  The  cut  is  about  the  same  sizi 
as  that  in  the  strip  sampling,  and  i: 
started  at  the  floor  line  at  one  side  of  th. 
drift,  continued  vertically  up  the  wai 
across  the  back  and  vertically  down  th' 
other  wall.  The  planes  of  such  rings  ar 
veritcal  except  in  raises,  shafts,  etc 
where  horizontal  cuts  must  necessaril 
De  taken.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  rin; 
method  is  diametrically  opposed  to  thi 
strip  method  in  that  in  the  latter  th- 
planes  of  the  cuts  in  drifts  are  horizonta 
and  in  raises  are  vertical. 

Errors  Introduced  by  Usual  Method 

Considering  that  the  rich  ore  in  low 
grade  disseminated  deposits  often  occur 
in  a  large  number  of  small  stringers,  no 
much  thicker  than  a  piece  of  cardboard 
which  may  or  may  not  have  a  genera 
trend  in  one  direction,  any  method  o 
sampling  which  runs  chances  of  eithe ' 
striking  and  running  along  these  stringer, 
or  omitting  them  altogether  is  clearly  a 
f.iult. 

I  have  in  mind  one  property  in  whic' 
there  are  two  large  fissure  veins  over  10' 
ft.  apart.  Joining  these  two  large  fissure 
are  minute  and  fragmentarily  occurrin 
stringers  of  ore.  However,  notwitli 
standing  its  spotted  appearance,  tti 
rock  between  these  two  veins  is  of  com 
mercial  value.  By  taking  samples  on  ver 
tical  planes  five  feet  apart,  through  fh' 
crosscuts,  as  in  the  ring  method,  nothini 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


751 


ke  a  representative  sample  can  possi- 
ly  be  secured.  It  is  true  that  if  the 
ng  samples  were  taken  every  six  inches. 
Tactically  every  one  of  the  small  string- 
rs  would  be  cut  and  would  yield  its 
roper  proportion  of  the  true  content  of 
le  block.  If  a  horizontal  strip  were  cut 
ong  either  wall,  a  more  representative 
imple  would  be  obtained,  but  as  the 
ringers  vary  considerably  in  width,  even 

the  hight  of  the  crosscuts,  it  is  a  diffi- 
ilt  question  to  determine  at  just  what 
ght  it  would  be  most  accurate  to  start 
e  cut.  Again  in  this  method,  only  an 
■erage  of  samples  taken  every  five  feet 

obtained.  Of  course,  in  the  true  sense, 
is  is  not  an  example  of  a  disseminated 
ebody  but  the  applicability  of  the  argu- 
ent  I  believe  extends  to  the  low-grade 
ebodies  as  well. 

Spiral  Method  a  Co.mbination 
The  method  I  have  used  in  several  in- 
ances  is  a  combination  of  the  ring  and 
rip  methods  in  the  same  way  that  a 
rew  motion  is  a  combination  of  rotary 
d  straight-line  motion.  In  sampling  the 
rious  crosscuts  in  the  case  above  men- 
ined,  I  started  a  cut  3  in.  wide  and  'j 
deep  near  the  floor  line  on  one  side  of 
;  crosscut.  This  cut  was  carried  in  a 
jgonal  direction  up  the  wall,  across 
1 5  back  and  down  the  opposite 
ill  along  the  same  diagonal,  end- 
;  five  feet  ahead  of  the  starting  point 
t  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  crosscut. 
lad  then  progressed  in  a  longitudinal 
action  as  far  as  a  strip  sample,  and  at 
;  same  time  had  attained  the  rotary 
>tion  of  the  ring  method.  There  could 
t  be  a  plane  passed  through  the  cross- 
[  at  any  point  except  on  the  floor  line. 
It  would  not  have  intersected  my  cut 
Dportionally.  It  is  obvious  that  in 
th  the  ring  and  strip  methods  an  in- 
ite  number  of  planes  can  be  passed 
ough  the  drift  and  not  be  intersected 
the  sample  cuts.  The  next  sample  cut 
s  started  on  the  same  side  of  the  drift 
the  first  one,  at  the  floor  line  and  di- 
:tly  opposite  the  point  where  the  first 
t  ended. 

(n  raises  and  shafts  this  method  can  be 
'Tied  on  to  a  finer  degree  as  a  com- 
:^te  spiral  can  be  cut  around  the  four 
■  lis  and  with  such  a  pitch  as  to  gain 
•f  vertical  distance  desired  in  one  rev- 
'  ition.  I  may  be  mistaken  as  to  the  orig- 
'  lity  of  this,  system  and  as  to  its  effi- 
'  ncy.  Suggestions  and  criticisms  by 
'ler  members  of  the  profession  will  be 
|;atly  appreciated. 

D.   A.   McMlLLEN. 

iGlobe,   Ariz.,   Sept.   26,    1910. 


Smelting   Briquetted  Zinc   Ore 

In  the  article  "Smelting  Briquetted 
^ic  Ore"  in  the  Journal  of  Aug.  13, 
jlO,  the  analysis  of  the  zinc  ore,  given 
i  the  second  paragraph  on  page  323,  is 
iomplete.     It  should   be:     Zinc,  31.70 


per  cent.;  lead,  24.38;  copper,  0.28;  iron, 
5.80;  manganese,  1.69;  lime,  1.18;  alum- 
ina, 1.74;  sulphur,  24.49;  silica,  8.08;  oil, 
0.40;  loss,  0.26;  silver,  24.7  oz.  per  long 
ton. 

Theodore  J.  Hoover. 
London,  Sept.  26,   1910. 


Breaking  of  Highland  Boy  Tram- 
way 


We  note  in  the  Journal  of  Sept.  24, 
1910,  a  paragraph  stated  that  the  stand- 
ing cable  of  the  Highland  Boy  tramway, 
at  Bingham,  Utah,  broke  at  one  of  the 
tension  stations,  distributing  the  buckets 
along  the  line. 

This  statement  is  true,  but  it  fails  to 
state  that  the  reason  for  the  cable  break- 
ing was  a  piece  of  fiying  rock  from  a 
blast  in  connection  with  the  construction 
of  the  Utah  Copper  Company's  new  rail- 
road from  Bingham  to  the  Garfield  smelt- 
ery. The  paragraph  as  it  stands  might 
leave  the  impression  that  the  cable  broke 
due  to  a  fault  or  defect  in  the  cable  itself, 
which  was  not  the  case. 

As  we  were  the  builders  of  this  tram- 
way, we  naturally  feel  interested  in  hav- 
ing the  entire  facts  stated,  and  trust  that 
you  may  find  occasion  to  make  the  cor- 
rection. 

Trenton  Iron  Company. 

Trenton,  N.  J.,  Oct.  5,  I9I0. 


?1|QUESTIQNS-'>'ANSWERS 


Poisoninc,  by  Cyanide  Waste 
I  am  having  difficulty  in  preventing  the 
poisoning  of  animals  on  nearby  ranches 
from  the  fiow  of  cyanide  solutions  in  the 
arroyo  during  the  rainy  season.  Another 
difficulty  is  to  handle  slimes  so  as  to  pre- 
vent their  being  carried  down  the  arroyo 
and  spreading  over  agricultural  land. 
Have  you  any  suggestions? 

J.  H.  H. 
It  is  probable  that  the  addition  of  a 
small  amount  of  copperas  (ferrous  sul- 
phate) solution  to  the  water  of  the  arroyo, 
or  to  the  influent  water  flowing  through 
the  tailings,  would  precipitate  the  cyan- 
ide. The  chief  point  is  to  get  a  thorough 
mixture  of  the  terrous-sulphate  solution 
with  the  cyanide  solution,  and  it  is  not 
sufficient  simply  to  empty  a  large  amount 
of  copperas  solution  into  the  tailing  laun- 
der, or  to  feed  it  on  any  one  portion  of 
the  dump. 

A  recent  paper  by  Moir  and  Gray,'  on 
rendering  cyanide  residues  innocuous,  in 
order  to  use  as  "sand  filling"  in  worked- 
out  stopes,  states  that  excess  alkalinity 
retards  the  destruction  of  the  cyanide 
by  ferrous-sulphate  solution;  as  does 
also  a  temperature  of  over  58  deg.  F. ; 
that  the  reaction  is  ordinarily  complete 
in    10  sec.   and  that  an    excess    of    iron 


seems  to  be  no  better  than  the  theoretical 
quantity,  although,  of  course,  the  use  of 
the  theoretical  quantity  presupposes  a 
perfect   mixing.     The   reaction  is 

6  KCN  -  2  FeSO.  -  K.Fe  (FeCy.)  + 
2  K.SO.. 
The  destruction  of  cyanide  is  not  abso- 
lute, but  the  unaltered  cyanide  is  negli- 
ble  in  quantity.  In  the  discussion  of  the 
above  paper,  H.  A.  White  gives  the  re- 
sult of  experiments  on  the  destruction  of 
cyanide  by  permanganates,  picrates  and 
ketones.  An  alkalinity  of  0.1  per  cent, 
of  NaOH,  which  amount  is  usually  pres- 
ent in  waste  solutions,  was  sufficient,  with 
the  permanganate,  to  destroy  cyanide 
completely.  Assuming  a  ton  of  tailings 
carries  200  lb.  of  a  0.025  per  cent,  solu- 
tion of  KCN,  the  permanganate  treat- 
ment costs  about  1.2c.  per  ton.  Aldehydes 
and  ketones  act  slowly  or  require  heat 
for  their  action,  but  formaldehyde  reacts 
instantly  in  the  cold.  On  the  same  basis 
as  above  this  treatment  costs  1.8c.  per 
ton.  It  is  still  doubtful  whether  or  not 
one  of  the  reaction  products  with  pic- 
ric acid  is  stable  (potassium  isopur- 
purate,  C>H,KN  O,  )  so  it  would  probably 
not  be  well  to  use  this  method  without 
further  experimenting  on  this  point. 

In  the  Journal  of  March  5,  1910,  page 
502,  and  Aug.  6,  1910,  page  262,  there 
are  articles  on  impounding  tailings. 

Coating  of  Maps 

Will  you  kindly  advise  me  if  there  is 
some  transparent  preparation  used  for 
coating  maps  to  prevent  them  from 
becoming  soiled,  and  if  so  where  it  may 
be  obtained? 

A.   H.   S. 

In  many  places  where  drawings  are 
kept  flat  by  being  tacked  or  pasted  on  a 
board,  a  colorless  shellac  is  used  to  coat 
the  surface.  A  grain-alcohol  varnish  con- 
taining a  small  amount  of  gum  is  sup- 
plied by  the  DeVoe  &  Raynolds  Company, 
under  the  name  of  "French  Varnish."  .\ 
similar  "fixative"  is  also  supplied  by  the 
Keuffel  &  Esser  Company.  These  prep- 
arations are  applied  with  a  brush  or 
spray,  but  we  do  not  think  they  would 
be  suitable  if  the  maps  are  to  be  handled 
in  the  ordinary  manner.  Perhaps  some 
readers  of  the  Journal  can  supply  fur- 
ther information  on  this  point. 


Statue  of  Humboldf 


'./nioH..   Clieni..    .Met.   and   Min.    Soc.    South 
Africa,    iniO;   p.   433. 


Emperor  William,  of  Germany,  has  ap- 
propriately presented  to  Mexico  on  the 
Centennial  occasion  a  statue  of  Baron 
Alexander  von  Humboldt,  which  has  been 
erected  in  Mexico  City,  near  the  National 
Library.  Humboldt's  books  on  the  min- 
eral resources  of  Mexico,  written  nearly 
a  hundred  years  ago,  are  today  accepted 
as  authentic  and  helpful  and  at  the  time 
they  were  published,  were  no  small  factor 
in  the  turning  of  European  capital  to 
Mexico  for  mining  operations. 


752 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 


'Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^ 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Hove  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Gravity   Planes  at  Cheever  Mine 
By  Guy  C.  Stoltz* 


The  Cheever  Iron  Ore  Company,  oper- 
ating at  Port  Henry,  N.  Y..  trams  the 
concentrates  resulting  from  magnetic  sep- 
aration, by  gravity  planes  to  the  loading 
chutes  of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson 
switch  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Champlain. 
Topography  favored  the  installation  of 
two  planes,  the  first  plane  being  700  ft. 
long  with  a  drop  of  55  ft.,  and  the  second 
about  2000  ft.  long  and  a  drop  of  193  ft. 
The  grade  is  not  at  all  regular.  The 
tracks  conform,  wherever  possible,  to 
the  surface  of  the  ground. 

Three  30-lb.  rails  are  laid  at  3- ft.  gage 
on  each  plane  and  four  rails  with  the 
sprerd  for  turnouts  are  laid  at  the  half- 
way points. 


plant  at  Fort  Henry.  Before  electrifica- 
tion, all  coal  used  was  loaded  by  bucket 
and  derrick  from  gondolas  to  the  empty 
gravity-plane  cars  and  pulled  to  the  mine 
plant  by  the  descending  loaded  trip.  Plans 
are  now  underway  for  replacing  the  first 
turntable  by  a  steeply  banked  curve. 
This  change  will  increase  the  capacity  of 
the  system  and  lower  the  surface-tram- 
ming cost  by  almost  one-half. 


Magnetic  Particles  in  Copper 
Bullion  Sampling 

By  Donald  M.  Liddell 


A    Timber    Carrier 


At  many  mine-timber  yards  a  carried 
suspended  from  an  overhead  trolley 
could  be  used  with  great  advantage  to 
take  timbers  from  the  yard  to  the  fram- 
ing shed.  When  the  timber  is  piled  par- 
allel  to  the   line   of  the   overhead   track, 


The  ocCTirrence  of  magnetic  particles  i 
copper-bullion  samples  is  a  source  o 
some  perplexity  to  the  assayer,  the  ques 
tion  being  whether  or  not  to  remove  thei 
before  assaying.  While  there  can  be  n 
doubt  of  the  propriety  of  so  doing  in  th 
case  of  wirebar,  cathode  and  well  rt 
fined  anode  samples,  it  is  questionabl 
whether  they  should  be  taken  out  of  cor 
verter  bar  drillings. 

This  matter  has  been  tested  in  tw 
ways,  first  by  the  direct  method  of  weigl 
ing  the  drills  and  the  grinding  machinei 
on   silver-bullion   scales,   and    noting  tl 


GRAMn   Pl.'v.-.l,  Ciili\lk  Iron  Ore 
Company 

Side-dump  steel  cars  of  4'>-ton  capa- 
city are  used.  A  trip  of  two  loaded  cars  is 
released  on  the  slight  down  grade  at  the 
storage  bin  and  on  their  downward 
journey  to  the  first  turntable  they  pull 
the  two  empty  cars,  attached  to  the  other 
end  of  the  cable,  to  the  loading  bin.  At 
the  turntable  the  loaded  cars  are  c'-flected 
about  60  deg.  and  attached  to  the  free 
end  of  the  cable  for  the  second  plane 
and  on  their  downward  course  pull  up 
two   more   empties. 

Sheaves  with  brakes  are  installed  at  the 
top  of  each  plane.  At  the  terminal  of 
the  second  plane  the  cars  are  delivered 
to  a  turntable  and  trammed  by  hand  to 
the  several  loading  chutes.  The  Cheever 
plant  is  now  entirely  equipped  with  elec- 
trically driven  machinery,  power  being 
supplied     by     the     Witherbee-Shemian 


Timber  Carrier  at  Highland  Boy  Mine,  Bingham,  Utah 


•Miiilni;  onKlnecM',   Miiipvlllo,  N.  Y. 


such  a  system  of  transporting  the  timber 
is  often  much  better  than  the  use  of  the 
ordinary  trucks.  This  is  especially  true 
where  a  good  deal  of  short  timber  is 
used,  and  the  sawmill  is  placed  far  from 
the  timber  yard  At  the  Highland  Boy 
mine  at  Bingham,  Utah,  such  a  method 
of  handling  the  timbers  has  been  adopted. 
The  first  cost  of  the  trolley  system  is 
considerable,  but  that  is  relatively  un- 
important when  a  large  amount  of  tim- 
ber is  used  at  the  mine. 

An  accompanying  halftone  engraving 
shows  the  timber  trolley  and  a  portion  of 
the  timber  yards  at  the  Highland  Boy 
mine.  The  carrier  should  be  fastened  to 
the  trolley  carriage  by  a  swivel  and  the 
timber  cradle  should  be  so  designed  that, 
when  it  is  loaded  symmetrically,  the  cen- 
ter of  gravity  of  the  load  is  directly  un- 
der the  swivel  pin. 


loss  sustained  on  treating  a  known  weif 
of  copper;  second,  by  removing  the  mc 
netic  particles  from  bullion  samples,  a 
assaying  the  portion  removed.  In  ore 
to  reduce  the  experimental  error  incidi 
to  the  first  method,  the  same  drills  a 
grinder  parts  were  used  again  and  ag; 

nuts  I.NTRODtl'ED  BY  (iltlXIHXC  MII.l 
foaisp  (iiimling.        Fine  firiudiiiK.       Tofsl 


cr  Cent. 

I'ei-  Ci'nt. 

I 'or  rei 

11.(11114 

0.111  ti.-. 

11.017! 

(1.IHI4K 

11.111 -Jl' 

ii.iiUi 

ii.ciiUS 

II. nulls 

11.11141 

II. no;!.") 

ii.iil.-,'i 

11.11111 

(i.diiL'l 

(i.iii:iii 

11.01.". 

1 


on  consecutive  experiments,  so  that  i 
error  of  one  experiment  was  absorbed 
the  next.  The  contamination  of  the  sami 
occurred  in  three  stages;  drilling;  ron 
grinding;  fine  grinding— in  the  di 
mills  made  by  Hance  Brothers 
White. 


i 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


753 


The  amount  of  steel  lost  by  the  drills 
imounted  to  the  negligible  quantity  of 
\0043  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  copper 
drillings  made.  In  the  grinding  mills  the 
-esults  for  five  consecutive  weeks  are 
-hnwn  in  an  accompanying  table.  The 
ntroductions  of  iron  particles  was  great- 
st  when  the  mills  were  new.     .About  900 


Shaft  Plumbing 


The  problem  in  shaft  plumbing  is  to 
carry  the  azimuth  of  a  surface  line*  un- 
derground. In  the  method  I  use,  which 
differs  from  that  described  in  the  Jour- 
nal of  June  4  the  transit  is  set  up  at  the 


ANALYSES  OF  BULLION  AND  MAGNETIC  PARTICLES. 


Jraiiil  A 
trand  H 
irand  C .  . 


Bullion. 


Cu.  Per 

Cent. 


99.050 
97.825 
99 .  000 


Ag,  Oz. 


75.6.5 
352 . 20 


.\u,  Oz. 


14 . 035 
8.375 


Magnetic  Particles. 


ai,  Per 
Cent . 


46.95 
34.00 
36.40 


Ag.   Oz. 


47.3 
143.8 


.\«,  Oz. 


4. 30 
13.60 


Fe,   Per 
Cent. 


31.28 


b.  of  copper  was  ground  in  the  coarse 
:rinding  and  about  200  in  the  fine  grind- 
ng  in  each  week.  It  was,  of  course,  im- 
lossihle  to  run  the  drills  continuously  for 
long  a  period,  owing  to  their  needing 
iiiding.  The  results  as  to  the  loss  by 
iL  drills  cover  two  days  only. 
On  the  direct  analysis  of  the  magnetic 
articles  themselves,  the  results  shown  in 
he  table  indicated  that  to  remove  all  of 
he  magnetic  particles  from  copper  bul- 
ion  is  an  error,  as  they  consist  chiefly 
f  converter  slag.  The  nearest  approach 
3  theoretical  perfection  would  be  to  re- 
love  all  particles  just  after  the  coarse 
rinding",  the  introduction  of  foreign  iron 
ip  to  that  time  being  less  than  0.01  per 
ent. ;  perform  the  fine  grinding,  again 
emove  all  magnetic  particles  and  throw 
nem  away,  then  replace  the  particles  re- 
loved  after  the  first  grinding. 


Handling  Coal  in  Low  Rooms 


The  accompanying  figure  illustrates  a 
imple,  homemade  contrivance  for  allev- 
iting  some  of  the  laboriousness  associ- 
ted  with  the  mining  of  coal  in  the  thin- 
est  seams,  seams  so  thin  that  it  is  almost 
npossible  to  make  a  car  on  wheels  low 
nough  to  pass  in  to  the  working  face. 


77.C  Engituiriti^  $  Mining  Journal 


IiERMAN    Contrivance    for    Handling 
Coal  in  Low  Places 

It  consists  of  a  shallow,  wooden  box, 
)  the  bottom  of  which  is  fastened  a 
air  of  wooden  runners.  cur\'ed  on  their 
)wer  edges  like  the  rockers  of  a  chair, 
wo  iron-bound,  wooden  wheels  are  axled 
ft  the  middle  of  the  box  in  such  a  way 
liat  when  the  box  is  held  just  level,  the 
'eight  comes  on  these  wheels  instead  of 
n  the  runners.  These  appliances  have 
een  tried  with  a  fair  amount  of  suc- 
|-ss  in  some  of  the  mines  at  Deister, 
Germany. 


r 


p 

-o 


[SJ 


D       C 


Mirromcter 
Screw/ 

1  n'in (. 


Wire  Spool 


Section 
on  A-B 


yliudcr  with  Wings. 
Ttic  Enyinurinij  f  Mining  Joumai 

Method  of  Plumbing  Shaft 


point  marked  E  on  the  accompanying 
drawing,  the  azimuth  of  the  line  E — F 
being  known.  The  two  wires  C  and  D 
are  suspended  in  the  shaft.  The  setup 
underground  is  made  before  the  surface 
setup  or  else  two  parties  can  work  to- 
gether, one  on  the  surface  and  one  un- 
derground. The  surface  party  determines 
the  azimuth  of  the  line  C — D  from  £ — F 
which  gives  the  underground  azimuth  of 
H—I. 

The  underground  party  proceeds  from 
H.  The  instrument  is  set  at  G  and  a 
sight  taken  on  the  wire  D  at  H.  For 
convenience  of  taping  and  reading  the 
vertical  angle  an  ordinary  paper  clip 
is  fastened  on  the  wire  D  at  H.  After 
sighting  on  the  wire  D,  a  sight  is  taken 
on  wire  C  and  it  is  moved  until  it  comes 
into  the  line  of  sight,  a  check  sight  is  then 
taken  on  wire  D. 

The  wire  C  is  moved  by  one  of  the 
party  at  the  surface  by  methods  to  be 
described  hereafter.  The  azimuth  of  the 
line  H — /  or  C — D   will   be  determined 


by  the  surface  party  as  described  in  the 
Journal  of  June  4.  The  underground 
survey  will  proceed  fiom  H — /.  Large 
iron  plumb-bobs  may  be  used,  or  cyl- 
inders with  wings  may  be  substituted. 
Steel  wire  is  better  than  copper  wire  for 
deep  shafts  and  oil  is  better  than  water 
to  steady  the  plumb-bobs.  It  is  often 
convenient  to  let  the  wires  swing  slightly 
for  sighting. 

To  lower  the  bobs,  spools  turned  by 
means  of  a  crank  and  supported  on  up- 
rights which  in  their  turn  are  made  fast 
to  planks  placed  across  the  shaft  should 
be  used.  If  the  wires  are  far  out  of 
line  the  planks  can  be  moved  or  slid 
along  by  striking  them  on  the  end  with 
a  hammer.  Finer  adjustments  are  ob- 
tained by  operating  a  micrometer  screw 
placed  below  the  spool,  the  wire  being 
fastened  to  the  screw.  In  case  a  check 
survey  should  later  be  desired  the  planks 
can  be  marked  with  lead  pencil  so  that 
the  approximate  wire  positions  can  be 
quickly   relocated. 


Placing  Shaft  Timbers 


At  the  Iron  Blossom  mine,  in  the  Tintic 
district,  Utah,  shaft  sets  are  put  together 
at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  and  then 
hoisted  into  position.  When  a  set  of  tim- 
bers is  to  be  put  in,  the  framed  pieces 
are  lowered  on  the  cage,  temporary 
guides  being  used  so  as  to  allow  the  cage 
to  drop  below  the  point  to  which  shaft 
timbering  has  advanced. 

The  wall  plates  are  laid  upon  a  5-ft. 
board  placed  across  the  bottom  of  the 
cage.  The  end  plates  and  dividers  are 
then  dropped  into  place  and  the  sets 
drawn  tightly  together.  Wooden  dowels 
may  be  used  to  secure  the  framed  ends 
to  the  wall  and  the  end  plates.  When 
the  set  is  put  together,  the  cage 
is  hoisted  to  the  proper  point  and  the 
rigid  set  drawn  up  against  the  posts  by 
hanging  irons  from  the  next  set  above. 
By  thus  making  up  the  shaft  set  before 
it  is  put  into  position  it  is  claimed  that 
time  is  saved  and  more  rigid  sets  are  in- 
sured. 


Blasting  in  Wet  Ground 

Where  a  blast  is  to  be  fired  in  wet 
ground,  soap  or  tallow  should  be  smeared 
over  the  safety  fuse  at  the  place  where  it 
enters  the  blasting  cap  in  order  to  keep 
the  charge  in  the  latter  perfectly  dry.  Oil 
or  grease  should  never  be  used  for  this 
purpose  as  they  are  likely  to  soak  into  the 
fuse  and  destroy  the  efficiency  of  the 
powder  which  it  contains.  A  cap  crimper 
should  always  be  used  with  a  safety  fuse 
and  blasting  cap.  This  tool  is  inexpen- 
sive and  will  wear  for  years.  Crimping 
caps  with  a  knife  or  the  teeth  is  an 
exceedingly  dangerous  and  ineffective 
method  and  is  often  responsible  for  ex- 
pensive misfires. 


754 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


Barrel   Distributer   for    Concentrat- 
ing Tables 


Labor  and  Tonnage  Chart  as  Aids 
in    Reducing  Costs 


The  scheme  used  in  the  new  Bunker 
Hill  &  Sullivan  mill,  at  Kellogg.  Ida.,  for 
distributing  pulp  to  the  Frue  vanners  is 
extremely  simple  and  satisfactory.  The 
distributers  are  merely  barrels  suspended 
about  5  ft.  above  the  table  tops,  from 
which  pipes  radiate  to  the  feed  troughs 
of  the  concentrating  tables.  The  distribu- 
ters are  suspended  above  the  aisle  be- 
tween rows  of  vanners  by  iron  rods  fas- 
tened to  the  ceiling. 

The  barrels  are  1 '  S  ft.  in  diameter  and 
2  ft.  high.  Each  is  tapped  at  a  point 
at  the  center  of  the  bottom,  for  a  short 
length  of  2'2-in.  pipe  from  the  feed  pipe 
carrying  pulp,  which  is  run  below  all  the 
distributers.  Inside  the  barrels  there  are 
6-in.  central  pipes  (extending  nearly  to 
the  top  of  the  barrels)  over  the  top  of 
which  the  intake  solution  overflows  into 
the  outer  compartments  from   which  the 


Hangers  from  Ceiling- \ 


Stand  Pipe 


T!ic  EttQirmering  ^Mining  Jourtml 


Feed  Distributer  for  Concentrating 
Tables 

outlet  pipes  discharge.  The  outlet  pipes 
are  ly^  in.  in  diameter  and  radiate  from 
the  barrels  as  shown  in  the  accompanying 
illustration.  One  barrel  serves  to  dis- 
tribute pulp  to  four  or  six  tables,  and 
the  desired  regulation  of  feed  can  be  had 
by  placing  the  barrels  at  the  proper  ele- 
vation above  the  concentrating  tables.  This 
is  one  of  the  simplest  distributers  for 
feeding  concentrating  tables  that  is  in 
use  in  the  mills  in  the  country,  and  it  is 
claimed  to  be  quite  satisfactory  in  its 
operation. 


A  recent  test  of  some  vanadium  steel 
eye-bars  at  the  Ambridge  works  of  the 
American  Bridge  Company,  gave  an  ul- 
timate strength  of  9(i,795  lb.  per  square 
inch,  and  an  elastic  limit  of  81,210  lb. 
The  composition  of  the  material  in  the 
bars  was  as  follows:  Carbon,  0.25,  van- 
adium 0.17,  nickel  1.45.  manganese  0.32, 
phosphorus  0.02,  chrome  1.20,  silicon 
0.12.    The  bars  were  2x14  in.  section. 


By  Claude  T.  Rice 


To  get  the  mining  costs  as  low  as  is 
compatible  with  good  mining  it  is  essen- 
tial to  instill  a  healthy  rivalry  among  the 
men  and  let  them  know  that  the  mine 
superintendent,  and  every  one  in  author- 
ity on  the  job,  knows  how  much  work 
they  are  doing.  A  great  aid  in  accom- 
plishing this  at  the  Highland  Boy  mine 
is  the  posting  of  labor  and  tonnage  charts 
where  the  bosses  and  men  can  see  them. 

The  tonnage  chart  shows  the  tonnage 
mined  by  each  shift,  the  combined  ton- 
nage of  the  two  shifts  and  the  tonnage 
sent  out  over  the  tramway  (at  the  High- 
land Boy,  the  ore  is  shipped  in  that  way 
from  the  mine),  the  total  number  of 
machine  drills  at  work  in  the  mine,  the 
number  of  machines  working  in  ore  and 
the  number  working  in  waste.  On  the 
labor  chart,  which  is  carried  on  another 
piece  of  cross-section  paper  tacked  up 
directly  under  the  first,  the  total  number 
of  men  employed  at  the  mine,  the  num- 
ber underground,  the  tons  mined  per 
man  employed  at  the  mine  and  per  man 
working  underground  are  shown. 

Blank  Charts  Easily  Made 

The  charts  are  drawn  on  cross-section 
paper  ruled  10  squares  to  the  inch  and 
a  negative  made  from  a  tracing  ruled 
with  cross-section  lines.  From  the  neg- 
ative a  print  with  white  background  and 
blue  lines  is  obtained.  The  scale  and  the 
headings,  as  well  as  the  days  of  the 
month,  are  put  on  the  original  tracing 
cloth  so  that  the  final  prints  are  all  ready 
for  use. 

The  data  for  the  last  day  of  the  pre- 
ceding month  are  shown  as  the  start  of 
each  curve.  The  days  of  the  month  are 
plotted  as  the  abscissas  and  the  other 
data  as  the  ordinates,  the  horizontal 
scale  being  a  day  to  the  inch,  while  the 
vertical  scale  varies  with  the  different 
curves.  The  various  curves  are  drawn 
in  with  different-colored  crayons  so  that 
there  is  no  trouble  in  following  the 
curves,  even  where  they  are  close  to- 
gether or  where  they  may  happen  to 
cross  as  sometimes  occur.  The  eye 
soon  gets  to  know  the  colors  used  to  rep- 
resent each   quantity. 

Tonnage    Curves    Afford    Check    on 
Departments 

The  tonnage  curves  are  drawn  to  a 
vertical  scale  of  100  tons  to  the  inch, 
as  at  the  Highland  Boy  mine  the  ton- 
nage does  not  fluctuate  more  than  200 
tons  per  day  and  this  scale  is  ample  to 
show  with  sufficient  emphasis  the  varia- 
tions in  the  tonnage  mined  from  day  to 
day.  The  shift  tonnages  are  plotted  from 
the   tonnage   reported   by   the   respective 


shift  bosses,  who  estimate  this  from  thi 
number  of  cars  dumped  in  the  tramwa; 
bins.  The  tramway  tonnage  is  reckone( 
from  the  number  of  buckets  sent  ou 
over  the  line  and  the  average  weight  of  ; 
loaded  bucket  as  determined  over  a  lonj 
period  of  time  by  checking  it  agains 
the  weighed  ore  shipped  to  the  smeltery 
The  tramway  curve  is  therefore  the  mor 
accurate  curve.  The  curves  reported  b 
the  shift  bosses  give  checks  on  how  fu; 
the  cars  are  loaded  underground,  so  b 
comparing  the  curves  of  the  tonnage 
mined  by  each  shift,  it  is  possible  to  se 
which  is,  in  all  probability,  failing  t 
load  the  cars  properly.  At  the  Highlan 
Boy  mine,  the  saving  effected  by  coi 
recting  the  practice  of  underloading  car: 
through  the  use  of  these  curves  has  re 
suited  in  a  saving  greater  than  has  bee 
the  cost  of  keeping  them. 

Machine  Curves  Show  Ratio  of  Out 
PUT  TO  Development 

Below  the  tonnage  curves,  and  on  th 
same  chart  are  plotted  the  machin 
curves.  The  vertical  scale  used  on  thes 
is  five  machines  to  the  inch.  This  seal 
is  sufficient  to  give  emphasis  to  the  v£ 
riations  in  the  number  of  machines  ; 
work  which  is  usually  only  about  twent) 
five.  As  one  of  the  curves  shows  th 
total  number  of  machines  running  on  or 
and  another  the  number  working  o 
waste,  and  as  most  of  the  machines  o 
development  work  would  be  working  i 
waste,  an  indication  is  given  as  t 
whether  the  development  work  is  bein 
kept  uptodate  or  whether  it  is  bein 
shirked  so  as  to  make  a  tonnage  showinj 
It  might  be  well  to  show  the  number  c 
machines  working  in  ore  and  the  nurt 
ber  working  upon  development  work  ir 
stead  of  in  waste  as  such  a  curve  woul 
be  more  important  than  the  waste  curvt 
unless  the  filling  were  being  broken  ur 
derground. 

Curves  Should  Show  if  Men  Are 
Loafing 

The  vertical  scale  used  on  the  curve  • 
representing  the  number  of  men  workin 
about  the  mine  is   10  men  to  the  incl 
which  is  large  enough  so  that  the  varif 
tions  in  the  number  of  men  employed 
shown  with  sufficient  emphasis.     It  migl 
be   well   at  mines  where   the  square-s<^ 
method  of  mining  is  used  or  where  stu 
timbering   is   done,   to   show   how   man' 
men    are    working   at   timbering,    for  tli, 
job  with  the  biggest  possibilities  for  loal 
ing  at  the  mine  is  that  of  timbering, 
always  pays  to  keep  close  track  of  th 
timbermen.     On  the  labor  chart  it  migl 
also  be  well  to  plot  a  curve  showing  th 
number  of  sets  or  stulls  put  in  each  da 
so   as  to  keep   still   better  track  of  th 
work  of  the  timbermen. 

On  the  tons-per-man  curves  a  vertic; 
scale  of  half  a  ton  to  the  inch  is  used  s 
as  to  show  plainly  the  variations.    Th 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


755 


importance  of  this  is  evident.  The  drop 
in  the  labor  curves  shows  clearly  which 
day  of  the  month  is  pay  day,  even  if  it 
is  not  marked.  The  tons-per-man  curves 
also  show  that  the  best  workers  are  not 
the  drinking  men,  although  this  increase 
in  the  tons  mined  per  man  is  due  partly 


tons  or  cars  of  waste  filling  that  is  being 
dumped  into  the  slopes.  This  would  give 
a  check  on  the  progress  in  the  filling  of 
the  stopes  and  the  tendency  to  let  that 
important  element  in  the  mining  lag  be- 
hind in  the  scramble  after  ore  would  be 
reduced. 


per  cent,  of  the  total  expenditures  in  the 
mining  of  the  ore.  The  curves  have  been 
in  use  at  the  Highland  Boy  mine  nearly 
a  year  and  have  been  found  of  great 
aid  to  those  in  charge. 

Their  introduction  was  due  to  Ivan  De- 
Lashmutt,  engineer  at  the  mine.    The  set 


Sr.S'i       2       3       4 


Tonnage 19 

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iiumtxi 

Labor  and  Tonnage  Charts  Showing  Record  of  Operations  for  Typical   Month  at  Highland  Boy  Mine.  Utah 


to  the  doing  of  less  development  work  on  The   importance   of  these   curves  rep-  of   curves   snown    are   taken     from     the 

pay  day.  resenting  graphically  the  important  steps  charts  showing  the  details  of  the   work 

The  only  other  addition  to  the  tonnage  in  the  operation  of  the  mine  is  evident,  for  a  fairly  typical  month.    The  work  in 

chart   that    would    seem    advisable    at    a  They  afford,  in  a  manner  such  that  the  keeping   these   charts   uptodate    is   quite 

mine  where   the   stopes  are   being   filled  men  are  spurred  on  to  do  better  work,  small.     Charts   22   in.   wide   and   34   in. 

would  be  a  curve  showing  the  number  of  a   means  of  keeping   close   check   on   60  long   arc   used. 


756 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


Concluding  Sessions  of  American  Mining  Congress 


SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


i 


The  13th  annual  session  of  the  American 
Mining  Congress  concluded  its  delibera- 
tions in  the  Mason  opera  house,  Los 
Angeles.  Cal.,  on  Saturday,  Oct.  1. 

At  the  Thursday  morning  session  reso- 
lutions with  the  following  provisions 
were  submitted  and  referred  to  the  com- 
mittee on  resolutions:  Urging  legisla- 
tion to  prevent  a  repetition  of  recent  un- 
just decisions  of  the  Land  Office  embrac- 
ing the  withdrawal  of  land  already  en- 
tered upon  in  good  faith  and  the  denial 
of  patent  to  such  land;  the  prosecution 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  in  an  at- 
tempt to  secure  from  it  the  vast  amount 
of  oil  lands  illegally  held;  that  no  monu- 
ments be  erected  or  parks  established  on 
public  lands  before  it  is  determined 
whether  or  not  the  land  is  mineral  bear- 
ing; urging  that  the  Government  take 
immediate  action  op  applications  for  pat- 
ents on  coal  lands  in  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington that  have  been  pending  for  four 
years. 

The  secretary  read  the  report  of  the 
committee  on  Federal  legislation,  review- 
ing the  work  of  the  committee  in  con- 
nection with  the  establishment  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  and  recommending  that 
a  similar  committee  be  appointed  for  the 
ensuing  year.  The  report  of  the  com- 
mittee on  Alaskan  mining  laws  pointed 
out  the  need  of  better  laws,  their  intel- 
ligent application,  and  less  red  tape,  stat- 
ing that  the  greatest  needs  are  intelligent 
and  energetic  officials  and  prompt  action 
on  local  matters.  These  reports  were  re- 
ferred to  the  resolutions  committee. 

Resolutions  on  Conservation 
The  most  important  work  of  the  day 
was  the  reading  of  the  report  of  the  com- 
mittee on  resolutions  on  those  resolutions 
having  to  do  with  conservation,  and  the 
discussion  of  these  measures.  Chief 
among  these  was  the  substitute  for  reso- 
lution No.  10,  afterward  adopted,  read- 
ing as  follows: 

"Resolved,  That,  in  common  with  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  engaged  in 
other  industries,  we  approve  the  theory 
and  practice  of  true  conservation,  which 
means  utilization  and  developing  with  the 
least  possible  waste  the  natural  resources 
of  our  country: 

"We  recognize,  as  men  engaged  in 
one  of  the  most  important  industries  of 
our  country,  the  value  of  true  conserva- 
tion and  its  intimate  relation  to  the  min- 
ing interests,  and  recommend  the  enact- 
ment of  such  legislation,  both  State  and 
National,  as  will  bring  about  a  beneficial 
development  of  the  mines,  the  public 
lands,  the  public  water  rights,  and  the 
timber  contained   within   our  great   west- 


ern country  for  the  best  interests  of- the 
present  and  future  generations  without 
unnecessary  waste. 

"We  condemn,  however,  as  unwise,  as 
opposed  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Amer- 
ican people,  and  as  wholly  unnecessary 
to  the  success  of  any  plan  of  true  con- 
servation, legislation  or  proposed  legis- 
lation which  tends  to  make  the  miners 
and  other  citizens  of  the  public  land 
States  who  invest  their  time,  labor  and 
capital  in  the  development  of  the  natural 
resources  contained  within  such  States, 
lessees  of  or  tribute  payers  to  the  Na- 
tional Government. 

"We  believe  that  every  legitimate 
means  should  be  adopted  in  the  control 
of  public  lands  to  eradicate  or  lessen  the 
evils  of  monopoly,  but  fail  to  find  in  any 
of  the  remedies  suggested  by  the  advo- 
cates of  tti  leasing  system  how  this  can 
be  accomplished  by  changing  the  present 
laws  so  as  to  take  from  the  citizen  a 
clear  title  and  substitute  therefor  a 
lease." 

State  Control  of  Resources  Urged 
The  substitute  to  resolution  No.  12 
urged  greater  harmony  between  the  pros- 
pector and  miner  on  the  one  side  and  the 
Government  on  the  other,  that  the  laws 
be  administered  without  burdensome  and 
discouraging  departmental  rules  and  reg- 
ulations and  in  such  a  manner  as  to  en- 
courage the  mining  industry,  and  con- 
demned those  who  locate  fictitious  min- 
ing claims  in  order  to  secure  the  timber 
contained  thereon.  The  substitute  for 
resolution  No.  30  recommended  that  laws 
be  enacted  speedily  which  shall  accu- 
rately define  the  rights  of  citizens  to 
utilize  the  waters  of  the  streams  and  the 
rights  of  way  on  the  public  lands  ad- 
jacent thereto  for  water-power  purposes, 
and  that  all  water-power  sites  upon  the 
public  domain  be  placed  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  respective  States. 

The  substitute  for  resolution  No.  33 
classed  as  inimical  to  the  development 
of  our  country's  resources,  any  conserva- 
tion policy  that  places  obstacles  in  the 
way  of  free  and  unrestricted  prospecting 
and  location  of  metalliferous  mineral 
lands,  or  that  favors  any  lease  or  royalty 
upon  the  future  tenure  and  production  of 
such  locations.  It  indorsed  the  work  of 
the  Forestry  Service  but  opposed  un- 
qualifiedly any  and  all  withdrawals  of 
metalliferous  mineral  lands  from  public 
entry.  The  substitute  for  resolution  No. 
32  favored  State  regulation  and  control 
of  all  natural  resources  within  the 
boundaries  of  every  State,  in  the  largest 
measure  compatible  with  present  Federal 
statutes. 


Opposed  to  Leasing  Mineral  Lands 

In  discussing  the  above  resolutions, 
each  speaker  was  allowed  10  min.  Reso- 
lution No.  10  came  in  for  the  greatest 
amount  of  discussion,  and  was  finally 
passed,  as  were  the  others  above  men- 
tioned. It  may  thus  be  seen  that  the 
congress  has  put  itself  on  record  as  fa- 
voring conservation  only  to  a  limited  ex- 
tent, and  as  opposed  to  any  system  of 
leasing  public  mineral  lands.  It  was 
noteworthy  that  few  professional  men, 
those  who  might  have  been  looked  to  for 
some  expression  of  opinion,  availed  them- 
selves of  the  chance  to  discuss  the  sub- 
jects of  these  resolutions.  This  was  par- 
ticularly noticeable  in  cases  where  the 
chance  presented  itself  to  rectify  mis- 
understanding. 

Thursday  afternoon,  J.  Parke  Chan- 
ning,  one  of  the  representatives  ap- 
pointed by  President  Taft,  spoke  on  the 
subject  "The  Prevention  of  Mine  Acci- 
dents." Mr.  Channing  submitted  the  re- 
port of  the  committee  on  mine  accidents 
appointed  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  con- 
gress at  Denver,  an  extract  of  which 
was  printed  in  this  Journal,  Sept.  24, 
1910.  The  committee  was  made  up  as 
follows:  Walter  Renton  Ingalls,  chair- 
man, J.  Parke  Channing,  James  Doug- 
las, J.  R.  Finlay  and  John  Hays  Ham- 
mond. The  report  of  the  committee  on 
the  standardization  of  electrical  equip- 
ment was  also  read. 

Concluding  Days  of  the  Congress 

The  Friday  and  Saturday  sessions  of 
the  congress  were  devoted  chiefly  to  the 
discussion  of  resolutions,  selecting  a 
place  for  the  next  meeting,  and  the  elec- 
tion of  officers.  A  resolution  \yas  adopted, 
expressing  sympathy  for  the  California 
oil  men  in  their  struggle  to  secure  legis- 
lation, and  pledging  the  help  of  the  con- 
gress, as  was  the  resolution  on  mine  ac- 
cidents and  liabilities,  which  had  been 
referred  back  to  the  resolutions  commit- 
tee for  revision.  The  committee  reported 
favorably  the  resolution  permitting  pros- 
pecting for  minerals  on  all  parts  of  the 
public  domain;  this  was  adopted.  The 
resolution  urging  the  establishment  of 
smelteries  by  the  Government  was  laid 
on  the  table.  The  resolution  urging  that 
the  Government  establish  no  national 
parks  or  erect  no  monuments  on  public 
lands  until  the  Geological  Survey  has 
pronounced  the  land  non-mineral  was  re- 
ported without  recommendations.  After 
some  discussion  it  was  adopted.  A  reso- 
lution was  adopted  providing  that  the 
next  meeting  of  the  Congress  be  held 
either  at  Douglas  or  Phrenix,  Arizona. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


757 


New  Officers 

The  resolution  recommending  that  the 
oil  and  metal-mining  interests  be  kept 
separate  was  reported  unfavorably  and 
the  report  was  sustained  by  the  congress. 
The  board  of  directors  of  the  congress 
reported  that  it  had  elected  John  Dern, 
of  Utah,  president;  Samuel  A.  Taylor. 
Pennsylvania,  first  vice-president;  D.  W. 
Brunton,  Colorado,  second  vice-president; 
E.  A.  Montgomery.  California,  third 
vice-president;  and  James  F.  Callbreath, 
Jr.,  Colorado,  secretary,  to  succeed  him- 
self.     After    the     reading    of    Governor 


Sloan's  letter  on  conservation,  Dr.  Har- 
vey W.  Shields,  of  New  Mexico  made  an 
address  opposing  some  principles  of  con- 
servation but  favoring  others.  The  re- 
port of  the  forestry  committee  was  pre- 
sented, after  which  a  paper  by  Gov.  A.  O. 
Eberhart,  of  Minnesota,  on  "State  Leas- 
ing of  Mineral  Lands,"  was  read. 

An  effort  was  made  at  the  final  ses- 
sion of  the  congress  to  couple  with  a 
resolution  of  thanks  to  Gifford  Pinchot 
for  his  address  an  expression  of  senti- 
ment favoring  in  a  large  measure  his 
conservation  policy.    Attention  was  called 


promptly  to  the  fact  that  the  congress 
had  already  gone  on  record  in  this  con- 
nection and  that  the  adoption  of  any 
such  resolution  would  nullify  the  work  of 
the  committee  which  had  spent  a  week 
in  threshing  out  the  conservation  ques- 
tion. The  resolution  was  laid  on  the  table 
and  a  vote  of  thanks  tendered  to  Mr. 
Pinchot. 

The  entertainment  of  the  members  and 
delegates  to  the  congress  by  the  Sierra 
Madre  Club  and  various  civic  organiza- 
tions of  Los  Angeles  has  included  many 
receptions,  smokers  and  pleasure  trips. 


Annual  Report  of  Kerr  Lake  Mining  Company 


The  annual  report  of  the  Kerr  Lake 
Mining  Company,  of  Cobalt,  for  the  year 
ended  Aug.  31,  1910,  includes  a  summary 
of  operations  by  President  Edward  Stein- 
dler,  a  report  by  Manager  S.  R.  Heakes 
and  one  by  J.  H.  Susmann,  treasurer. 
The  president  summarizes  the  report  of 
the  manager  and  secretary,  adding  that 
the  explorations  on  the  150-ft.  level 
through  shaft  No.  7  developed  a  hitherto 
unknown  vein,  with  numerous  cross  veins. 
He  feels  that  there  is  every  indication 
that  a  large  amount  of  silver  will  be 
taken  out  of  this  portion  of  the  mine, 
and  he  also  states  that  the  general  con- 
dition of  the  property  as  to  the  equip- 
ment and  ore  reserves  is  excellent  and 
promises  a  most  satisfactory  year  to 
come. 

Ore  Reserves  Estimated  from  Probable 
Ore 

The  report  of  the  manager  gives  data 
on  production,  development  and  costs. 
The  question  of  ore  reserves  is  dismissed 
with  the  following  statement:  "In  the 
matter  of  ore  reserves  the  situation  is 
too  uncertain  for  the  ordinary  type  of 
report.  There  are  unusual  difficulties  in 
estimating  values  where  the  character  of 
the  veins  vary  so  greatly  within  a  small 
area.  From  accurate  data  of  the  values 
secured  from  ground  removed  up  to  the 
present,  and  by  comparison  with  these  re- 
sults, we  may  estimate  with  reasonable 
certainty  from  6,000,000  to  7.000,000  oz. 
of  silver  in  probable  ore."  This  state- 
ment would  seem  to  convey  the  idea  that 
there  is  little  ore  blocked  out  or  actually 
proved. 

I   Year  Showed  Largest  Production  and 
'  LovfEST  Cost 

I  The  manager  gives  as  the  result  of  the 
!  year's  work:  "The  largest  production  at 
the  smallest  cost  in  the  history  of  the 
mine."  The  production  of  silver  for  the 
year  ended  Aug.  .^1,  1910,  is  stated  as 
3.04(1.295  oz.,  produced  at  a  cost  of  S212,- 
727,  or  7.54c.  per  oz.    These  figures  in- 


clude the  cost  of  mining  the  ore,  develop- 
ment, additions  to  plant,  salaries  and 
every  expenditure  at  the  mine. 

Ore  shipments  for  the  year  were  as  fol- 
lows: First  class,  1,3!  1,120  lb.  contain- 
ing 2,473,128  oz.,  thus  averaging  3775 
oz.  silver  per  ton;  second  class,  2,359,875 
lb.  containing  427,057  oz.,  average  362 
oz.  per  ton;  dump,  4,883,436  lb.  contain- 
ing 225,213  oz.,  average  92  oz.  per  ton; 
making  a  total  of  8,554,431  lb.  of  ore  con- 
taining 3,125,400  oz.  silver. 

The  total  expenditures  for  surface  im- 
provements and  plant  maintenance 
amounted  to  S7583,  this  including  a  shaft 
house  at  No.  9,  equipped  with  winding 
engine  and  cage,  the  installation  ofsteam- 
hcating  system  in  employees'  sleeping 
quarters,  mess  hall  and  officers'  residence 
and  upkeep  of  the  surface  equipment. 

Development  w^ork  for  the  year 
amounted  to  6040  ft.,  as  follows:  Drift- 
ing, 3406  ft.;  sinking,  306  ft.;  crosscut- 
ting,  2005  ft.;  raising,  323  ft.  The  under- 
ground workings  of  the  mine  are  stated  to 
have  attained  an  extent  of  over  three 
m.iles. 

Lo\X'est  Workings  at  400-ft.  Depth 

The  greatest  depth  continues  to  be  on 
vein  No.  3,  where  the  bottom  level  is 
driven  at  400  ft.  from  the  highest  point 
on  the  surface  where  the  vein  outcrops. 
The  ore  mined  between  350-  and  400-ft. 
depth  has  averaged  1800  oz.  in  silver. 
Vein  No.  2  has  so  far  failed  to  respond 
to  development,  but  it  is  proposed  to  ex- 
plore this  vein  at  a  greater  depth  than 
50  ft.  At  No.  7  shaft  the  fourth  level 
has  been  opened  up  at  a  depth  of  190  ft., 
and  in  two  winzes  high-grade  ore  has 
been  held  for  25  ft.  below  this  level.  Ail 
the  ore  mined  during  the  year  from  this 
section  of  the  workings  came  from  below 
the  third  or  150-ft.  level,  so  that  it  was 
possible  to  avoid  drawing  on  the  reserves 
of  high-grade   ore   on   the   upper  levels. 

An  interesting  and  important  develop- 
ment was  the  extension  of  the  150-ft. 
level  to  the  east,  where  a  new  orebodv 


was  located.  From  this  were  mined  165,- 
000  oz.  of  silver.  Crosscutting  showed 
several  new  veins  from  2  to  6  in.  in  width. 
The  ore  in  three  of  these  veins  runs  2000 
oz.  per  ton,  while  the  others  are  of  lower 
grade  and  little  work  was  done  on  them. 

Ore  from  Vein  No.  8  Averaged  1600  oz. 
PER  ton 

Vein  No.  8  is  a  regular  producer  and 
was  developed  by  a  winze  for  40  ft.  below 
the  150-ft.  level.  At  this  depth  the  silver 
content  of  the  ore  is  irregular,  varying 
from  52  to  2000  oz.  to  the  ton.  The  av- 
erage silver  content  of  the  ore  produced 
from  development  on  this  vein  during  the 
year  was  1600  oz.  per  ton.  The  reserves 
on  other  pay  veins  on  the  pioperty,  in- 
cluding Nos.  4,  6,  9  and  12  were  not 
drawn  upon.  In  order  to  secure  good 
ventilation  and  also  to  provide  a  second 
egress  from  the  mine  the  third  or  150- 
ft.  level  was  connected  with  the  No.  9 
shaft. 

Work  on  Kerr  Lake-Majestic  Given  Up 

The  Kerr  Lake  company  also  did  1120 
ft.  of  underground  development  work  and 
systematic  trenching  of  the  surface  on 
the  Kerr  Lake-Majestic  Mines,  Ltd..  prop- 
erty, situated  on  the  north  shore  of  Kerr 
lake.  This  w^ork  failed  to  disclose  pay 
ore,  and  on  Jan.  19,  1910,  all  work  was 
discontinued. 

Silver  Produced  at  a  Cost  of   13.27c. 
PER  Ounce 

The  treasurer's  report  on  the  financial 
operations  of  the  company  for  the  year 
ended  Aug.  31,  1910,  comprises  a  sum- 
mary, profit  and  loss  account  and  balance 
sheet.  It  is  stated  that  2441  tons  of 
dump  material  were  shipped,  on  which 
the  charges  were  as  follows:  Shipment 
expenses,  $3554;  freight,  $26,485;  ore 
treatment.  $15,825.  The  total  shipments 
are  stated  as  3,125,400  oz.,  while  the 
smelter  settlement  aggregated  onlv  2,976,- 
611    oz.     This  was  due  to  deductions  by 


758 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


the  smelting  works  for  the  losses  and 
treatment  charges. 

The  costs  of  production  per  ounce  of 
silver  were:  Mining,  7.54c.;  shipment 
and  treatment,  2.29c.;  metal  deductions, 
2.71c.;  administration  and  general,  0.73c  ; 
total,  13.27c.  The  cost  was  somewhat  in- 
creased by  the  large  cost  of  the  treat- 
ment of  the  low-grade  dump  material, 
which  amounted  to  22.92c.  per  oz.  The 
dividends  paid  from  year  to  year  by  the 
Kerr  Lal<e  Mining  Company  are:  1906, 
890,000;  1907,  5210,000;   1908.  8360,000; 

1909.  8480,000;  1910,  8990,000;  total, 
$2,130,300. 

Mining  Cost  37  per  cent,  of  Produc- 
tion Costs;  Development  35;  Sort- 

INCj    8.2    PER    CENT. 

The  total  cost  of  production  and  de- 
velopment are  segregated  as  follows: 
Mining,  878,737;  development,  874,510; 
ore  sorting,  817,393;  repairs  to  plants  and 
buildings,  $1421;  stable  expenses,  82610; 
office  expenses,  83168;  surface  expenses, 
82619;  general  expenses,  82595;  taxes. 
828,440;  Cobalt  Mines  Hospital.  81230; 
total,  8212,727.  Other  charges  were: 
Shipment,  87147;  freight,  841,174;  ore 
treatment,  844,935;  concentration,  84551; 
assaying,  84348;  insurance,  84308;  for- 
eign shipments  of  silver,  89304;  totai, 
5115,669.  Administration  and  general 
expenses  amounted  to  815,577;  total  pro- 
ceeds of  ore  sales,  interest,  etc.,  were 
81,542,194;  thus  leaving  a  profit  of  81,- 
198,220,  carried  to  the  balance  sheet. 

Dividends  Paid  Amounted  to  81,050,000 

From  the  profits,  81,050.000  were  paid 
in  dividends  to  the  Kerr  Lake  Mining 
Company  of  New  York,  which  latter  com- 
pany distributed,  as  heretofore  stated, 
8990.000  in  dividends.  The  assets  of  the 
Kerr  Lake  Mining  Company,  Ltd.,  on  Aug. 
31,  1910,  are  stated  as  81,187,910. 

The  administration  and  general  expens- 
es of  the  Kerr  Lake  Mining  Company  of 
New  York   for  the  year  ended   Aug.  31, 

1910,  were  $18,286;  United  States  in- 
ternal-revenue charges,  59103.  A  balance 
of  534,981  was  carried  to  the  balance 
sheet.  The  assets  of  the  Kerr  Lake  Min- 
ing Company  of  New  York,  on  Aug.  31, 
191 0,  are  stated  as  83,023,702;  83,000,- 
000  in  shares  of  the  Kerr  Lake  Mining 
Company,  Ltd.,  of  Ontario,  Canada;  823.- 
605  in  cash  and  $96  in  interest  accrued. 


Water  Frontage  on  New  York 
Harbor 

New  York  harbor  is  one  of  the  greatest 
centers  of  metallurgical  enterprise  in 
the  world,  and  for  this  and  other  pur- 
poses the  value  of  land  fronting  on  the 
water  has  increased  greatly  during  the 
last  10  years.  The  International  Nickel 
Company  has  just  acquired  property  of 
about    no  acres   for  a   consideration   of 


,^600,000.  The  land  is  in  the  town  of 
Cartaret,  about  four  miles  below  Eliza- 
beth, N.  J.,  and  is  said  to  be  the  last  re- 
maining available  property  along  the 
Sound  which  is  being  deepened  by  the 
United  States  government  to  a  depth  of 
24   feet. 

Among  other  large  industries  wViich 
have  recently  located  in  this  vicinity  are 
the  Standard  Oil  Company,  the  United 
States  Metals  Refining  Company,  Chrome 
Steel  Works,  Sound  Shore  Chemical 
Company,  and  the  Grasselli  Chemical 
Company. 

Regarding  the  further  improvement  of 
Staten  Island  sound  for  deep  draft 
vessels,  there  was  recently  incorporated 
the  Deep  Waterways  Association,  which 
has  in  view  the  increasing  of  the  depth  of 
Arthur  kill  and  Staten  Island  sound  from 
24  to  32  ft.,  so  as  to  permit  its  use  by 
vessels  of  the  deepest  draft,  thus  in- 
creasing the  use  of  this  waterway. 


Discovery   of  the  American   Nettie 
Mine 


Denver  Correspondence 


About  1885,  two  "tenderfeet"  made  a 
discovery  near  Ouray  that  has  added  to 
the  world's  supply  of  gold  about  two  and 
one-half  millions  of  dollars.  Up  on  a 
sheer  cliff  of  Dakota  quartzite,  about 
1800  ft.  above  the  valley  and  town  of 
Ouray,  might  be  seen  a  big  hole,  de- 
noting a  cave,  but  no  one  seemed  to  attach 
any  importance  to  it,  nor  did  it  excite  the 
curiosity  of  the  prospector;  it  was  in 
quartzite,  and  therefore  the  knowing  ones 
and  old-time  miners  said  the  "wrong  for- 
mation for  ore."  But  one  fine  day  the  two 
tenderfeet,  who  had  no  theories  as  to 
formations,  thought  they  would  investi- 
gate. They  knew  there  could  be  no  wild 
animal  in  the  hole,  owing  to  its  situation, 
so  they  took  up  a  rope,  and  made  it  fast 
to  a  stout  quaking-aspen  tree,  and  one  of 
them  went  20  ft.  down  the  rope  hand- 
over-hand to  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  and 
crawled  in  It  was  a  goodly  sized  room, 
the  floor  being  covered  about  a  foot  deep 
with  a  red  dirt.  He  filled  his  coat  pock- 
ets with  this,  and  climbed  again  to  the 
top. 

Dirt   Proves   Rich    in  Gold 

The  two  then  went  back  to  town,  and 
an  assay  showed  that  the  dirt  carried 
about  10  oz.  gold  to  the  ton.  Going  back 
again,  they  staked  out  their  claim,  called 
the  American  Nettie,  and  made  further 
examinations.  Up  in  one  corner  of  the 
roof,  there  was  a  hole  evidently  leading 
into  another  chamber,  as  a  long  pole 
poked  into  it  it  touched  nothing  beyond. 
The  fame  of  the  cave  spread  abroad,  and 
capitalists  being  plentiful  in  mining 
camps  in  those  days,  the  owners  received 
many  good  offers. 


The  problem  before  them  was,  whether 
to  put  in  a  shot  and  blow  down  the  par- 
tition,   and    take    the   chances   of   getting    \ 
another  chamber  of  ore,  or  an  empty  one    ' 
showing  that  the  first  cave  was  the  limit 
of  the   deposit;   but   an   offer  of  514,000 
from    Lucas    and    the    O'Fallons,  of  St. 
Louis,  decided  them,  and  they  sold.     Ex- 
ploration  showed     that   one   cave   led   to 
another,  and  between   1889  and   1905  the 
American   Nettie  produced  23,641,316  lb.     ' 
of  ore  of  an  average  value  of  6  oz.  of 
gold  to  the  ton. 

Ore  an  Oxidized  Pyrite  • 

The  ore-caves  occurred  in  the  quartz- 
ite, above  which  was  about  50  ft.  of  black 
shale,  and  on  top  of  that  a  sheet  of 
"birdseye"  porphyry  500  ft.  thick.  The 
red  dirt  was  oxidized  iron  pyrites,  the 
original  mineral  of  these  replacement 
orebodies  in  the  quartzite.  A  big  diorite 
dike,  which  cut  up  from  the  valley 
through  the  sandstones  and  the  quartzite  I 
was  probably  responsible  for  the  solu-  ■' 
tions  which  passed  laterally  along  the 
bedding  and  deposited  the  minerals  in 
long  irregular  bodies.  Oxidation  of  the 
iron  pyrites  then  took  place  and  the  re- 
sulting oxidized  material  containing  free 
gold,  accumulated  on  the  floor  of  the 
caves.  As  depth  into  the  mountain  was 
gained,  however,  the  ore  changed  to  iron 
pyrites  associated  with  various  other 
sulphide  ores.  In  the  quartzite  below  the 
American  Nettie,  was  discovered  later  the 
Bright  Diamond  mine,  of  a  similar  nature, 
out  of  which  about  850,000  was  taken, 
the  ore  averaging  about  8120  per  ton  in 
gold. 

Finance   and   Ironclad   Ore   Similar 
to  That  fro.m  American  Nettie 

About  800  ft.  below  the  American  Net- 
tie, at  the  junction  of  the  quartzite  with 
the  lower  red  sandstones  and  limestones, 
another  mine  of  a  similar  nature,  the  Fi- 
nance and  Ironclad  claims,  was  discover- 
ed and  a  smaller  cave  on  the  former  claim 
yielded  84000  in  gold.  This  property 
was  then  owned  by  Mrs.  Thomas  Gibson 
and  William  Westnn,  and  was  sold  to  the 
late  Thomas  F.  Walsh  and  David  Wegg, 
of  Chicago.  Little  work  was  done  by 
them,  however. 

Recently,  a  cave  or  vug  has  been 
opened  on  the  Finance  claim,  the  fioor  of 
which  is  reported  to  be  covered  about 
four  feet  deep  with  oxidized  ore  of  the 
type  described  in  the  foregoing,  the  value 
of  which,  as  shown  by  assayers,  appears 
to  he  about  8200  per  ton  in  gold.  The 
Ironclad  and  Finance  are  now  owned  by 
the  Wanakah  company,  also  owning  the 
Bright  Diamond  group.  J.  T.  Roberts,  of 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  is  president;  G.  H.  Barn- 
hart,    general    manager. 


During  the  year  ended  May  31,  1910, 
there  were  1892  employees  exposed  to 
risk  at  the  Alaska-Treadwell  mine.  The 
fatal  accident  rate  was  2.64  per  1000 
employees. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


759 


Economic  Conditions  in  the  Joplin  District 

District  Has  Satisfactory  Labor  Conditions,  Cheap  Power  and  Enormous 
Resources.      Elimination  of  Iron  from  Concentrates  Presents  Difficulties 


B  Y 


T, 


LANE        CARTER* 


As  a  rule,  mining  camps  and  mining 
towns  in  America  are  not  the  most  desir- 
able places  to  live.  No  one  would  selec-, 
for  instance,  a  residential  site  in  the  coal- 
mining districts  of  Wyoming,  or  the  sage- 
brush regions  of  Nevada,  for  his  home  if 
he  could  help  it.  But  there  are  mining 
centers  in  the  United  States  where  one 
enjoys  the  amenities  of  life  and  gets  away 
from  that  hideousness  so  often  concom- 
itant with  mining.  Such  centers  are  in 
the  copper  mines  of  Michigan,  the  gold 
mines  of  California,  and  the  zinc  district 
of  Joplin,   Missouri. 


Tlie  romances  of  mining  are  not  con- 
fined to  gold,  silver  and  diamonds.  The 
Joplin  district,  the  largest  producer  of 
zinc  in  the  United  States,  has  many  stor- 
ies of  men  who  have  started  with  noth- 
ing and  made  fortunes,  and  there  are  few 
places  in  the  mining  world  where  the 
chances  are  better  for  the  man  with  a 
moderate  amount  of  capital  and  exper- 
ience, combined  with  conservative  judg- 
ment, than  in  the  Joplin  district.  With 
a  capital  of  S25,000  he  may  do  a  great 
deal,  while  with  S50,000  he  may  make  an 
investment  that  will  make   him   indepen- 


through  the  crowded  streets  of  Joplin  and 
mingle  among  the  miners,  one  will  hear 
little  foreign  talk.  Plain  "United  States," 
interspersed  with  a  few  emphatic  "cuss 
words"  of  Cornish  origin,  is  the  language 
of  the  men.  There  are  scarcely  any  for- 
eigners. The  camp  is  singularly  free 
from  labor  troubles,  and  although  agita- 
tors come  along  periodically  and  try  to 
stir  up  trouble,  the  miners'  unions,  which 
have  caused  such  trouble  in  many  other 
camps,  have  not  damaged  the  district  yet. 
The  visitor  is  surprised  to  find  that  there 
are  practically  no  negroes  at  work  in  the 


Opencut  Working  and  Mill  of  the  Moler-Smith    Mine,   Joplin,    Mo. 


From  an  eminence  in  the  city  of  Jop- 
lin the  visitor  can  see  mines  in  every  di- 
rection, stretching  away  into  Kansas, 
toward  the   Arkansas  boundary   and   into 

'Oklahoma.  But  he  does  not  see  the  land- 
scape darkened  by  the  clouds  of  black 
smoke    which    hang    like    a    funeral    pall 

'over  most  mining  cities.  As  most  of  the 
power  is  generated  in  gas  engines,  there 

.are  few  smoke  stacks  and  little  smoke. 


•Mlnlnc    onglnopr.    OsRood.    Carter    &    Co.. 
n2i    First    National    Bank    building,    Chicago. 


dent  for  life.  Capital  is  necessary  for 
success,  but  compared  with  the  large 
amounts  required  in  gold  and  copper 
mining,  the  sum  needed  in  the  zinc  dis- 
trict is  small. 

District  Favored  with  Goon  Labor  Sup- 
ply,   Absence    of  Union    Trouble 
AND  Cheap  Power 

Few  mining  districts  have  more  favor- 
able conditions  than  Joplin.  In  the  first 
place  the  labor  is  of  a  good  type.  On 
Saurday  nights  or  Sundays,  if  one  walks 


mines  at  Joplin.  What  negroes  arc  there 
are  employed  in  other  occupations  than 
mining. 

Cheap  power  is  also  a  great  boon  to 
the  Joplin  district.  Within  reasonable 
distance  there  is  sufficient  gas  and  iW 
in  the  wells  of  Kansas  and  Oklahoma  to 
furnish  JiDplin  cheap  power  for  years  to 
come.  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  dis- 
trict is  better  off  from  the  power  point 
of  view  than  is  this  one.  The  gas  is 
brought  in  pipes  from  distant  points  to 
the    mines,    and     is    used     without     any 


760 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


trouble  in  gas  engines,  and  under  boilers 
for  steam  raising.  Few  hydroelectric 
schemes  can  show  cheaper  power  costs 
than  the  gas-driven  engines  of  Joplin. 
For  the  companies  who  own  the  gas  wells, 
it  was  a  sorry  day  when  the  gas  engine 
was  introduced  into  the  district,  for  it 
so  reduced  the  amount  of  gas  required 
per  horsepower,  as  compared  with  steam 
raising  by  this  fuel,  that  the  consumption 
went  down  to  an  alarming  extent.  In 
self  defense  the  companies  raised  the 
price  of  gas  used  in  the  engines  to  nearly 
double  the  price  asked  when  the  gas  is 
consumed  in  the  boilers.  With  gas  en- 
gines the  fuel  bill  is  from  one-third  to 
one-fourth  what  it  is  when  coal  is 
used   for  steaming   purposes. 

Mineral  Lands  Leased  on  Royalty 

Joplin  is  preeminently  the  "poor  man's 
district."  The  custom  of  the  section  is 
to  lease  out  the  mineral  land  to  compan- 
ies or  individuals  in  lots  of  10  acres  or 
more,  on  a  royalty  basis,  the  owner  of  the 
land  furnishing  none  of  the  capital.  On 
this  system  the  royalty  paid  runs  from 
5  to  20  per  cent.  In  some  cases  the 
owner  of  the  land  furnishes  the  mill.  The 
royalty  asked  then  is  30  per  cent,  of  the 
gross  output  of  the  mine. 

The  system  has  its  advantages  and  dis- 
advantages. In  its  favor  is  the  fact  that 
a  larger  number  of  men  are  successful, 
and  the  mineral  wealth  is  more  evenly 
distributed  among  the  members  of  the 
community  than  when  a  mining  district 
is  gobbled  up  by  a  trust  or  syndicate 
and  all  the  profits  go  to  swell  the  fortunes 
of  a  few.  The  fact  that  so  many  working 
men  are  leasing  ground  on  their  own  ac- 
count is  one  of  the  reasons  for  the  sat- 
isfactory labor  conditions  of  the  district. 
It  is,  in  a  measure,  the  profit-sharing  idea. 

But  the  system  has  its  serious  draw- 
backs from  the  engineer's  point  of  view. 
>X''hile  it  is  true  that  one  can  see  some 
excellent  mining  work  in  the  Joplin  dis- 
trict, he  also  notices  as  slovenly,  careless 
work  as  can  be  found  anywhere.  For 
lack  of  capital  the  small  operator  fre- 
quently uses  methods  which  a  well 
financed  company  would  never  employ. 
In  consequence  the  mining  is  sometimes 
done  in  a  poor  way,  insufficient  prospect- 
ing is  carried  out,  and  the  percentage  of 
extraction  of  the  zinc  is  not  so  high  as  it 
should  be.  Through  these  inefficient 
methods,  observable  in  some  cases,  much 
zinc  is  lost  that  would  be  saved  in  the 
operations  of  a  strong  corporation. 

Iron   in    Ores   Causes   Great   Loss   to 
Small  Operators 

Then  too,  with  men  working  on  a  small 
scale  it  is  out  of  the  question  to  install 
machinery  and  carry  out  experiments, 
which  could  be  done  by  a  strong  corpor- 
ation. Take,  for  instance,  the  question  of 
iron  in  the  zinc  ores.  In  the  Joplin  dis- 
trict it  is  customary  to  pay  for  the  zinc 
blende  on  the  basis  of  60  per  cent,  zinc. 


and  a  maximum  of  1  per  cent.  iron.  If 
the  concentrates  run  over  1  per  cent,  iron, 
a  penalty  of  $1  per  unit  is  charged. 
When  the  zinc  assays  under  60  per  cent, 
a  penalty  of  $1  per  unit  is  deducted  from 
the  market  price  for  every  unit  below  60. 
When  they  assay  above  60  a  bonus  of  $1 
per  unit  is  given. 

The  iron  in  the  ore  is  the  bane  of  many 
mines.  In  some  sections  the  zinc  is  mixed 
with  iron  more  than  in  others.  In 
places  the  blende  is  practically  free  from 
iron,  while  in  others  there  is  from  15 
to  20  per  cent,  iron  present.  Thousands 
of  tons  of  zinc  ore  are  lost  in  the  Joplin 
district  on  account  of  the  iron  contents. 
For  instance,  take  a  man  who  strikes  a 
large  bunch  of  ore  assaying  7  per  cent, 
iron.  Not  only  will  this  appear  in  the 
concentrates,  but  it  will  reduce  the  zinc 
in  the  product  from  60,  let  us  say,  to  53 
per  cent.  The  seller  of  this  ore  will  be 
penalized  $6  per  ton  for  the  iron  con- 
tents and  $7  per  ton  for  the  seven  points 
below    60    per    cent,    zinc    content.     In 


No.  2  Mill  at  the  Moler-Smith  Mine,  Joplin,  Mo. 


other  words,  the  iron  present  reduces  the 
value  of  his  product  S13  per  ton  of  con- 
centrates, a  serious  condition  of  affairs. 
Now  a  strong  corporation,  operating  a 
large  mill  treating  a  large  tonnage  daily, 
could  afford  to  experiment  and  devise 
ways  and  means  to  eliminate  the  iron  at 
a  cost,  say  of  $3  per  ton,  and  thus  save 
SIO  per  ton  of  concentrates.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  a  company  is  working  on  the 
iron  problem.  With  the  magnetic  separa- 
tors now  in  the  market,  the  Wetherill,  the 
Jobke,  etc.,  the  problem  of  dealing  with 
the  iron  can  be  solved.  This  question 
is  not  so  pressing  in  the  Joplin  district 
as  in  the  Oklahoma  and  Arkansas  fields, 
to  the  south.  Here  the  amount  of  iron 
present  makes  the  ores  unprofitable.  If 
a  means  of  getting  rid  of  the  iron  cheaply 
and  effectively  were  available,  there  are 
millions  of  tons  of  zinc  ore  that  would 
become  profitable.  The  elimination  of 
iron  in  concentrates  is  one  of  the  most 


important  of  the  metallurgical   problems 
in  this  great  district. 


Keeping  of  Accurate  Records  of  Op-    ' 
erations    Neglected 

One  is  struck  with  the  absence  of  sys- 
tem in  keeping  the  records  of  the  under- 
ground workings,  drill  holes,  prospecting, 
etc.,  in  the  Joplin  district.  Were  there  a 
law  that  all  mine  workings  be  surveyed 
by  competent  surveyers,  giving  full  de-  ! 
tails  of  the  elevations  of  the  workings,  i 
the  drifts,  the  assay  value  of  the  ore 
found,  the  direction  of  drill  holes  and  a 
definite  report  of  what  they  disclosed,  \ 
the  Joplin  district  would  be  enormously 
benefited.  There  has  been  a  lot  of  drill- 
ing in  the  past,  but  on  account  of  the 
absence  of  records,  much  of  this  work, 
after  a  few  years,  must  be  done  over 
again  for  a  new  man  entering  the  district. 

Geological   Data  Assure   Permanence   ^ 
of  District  as  a  Zinc  Producer        | 

The  geology  of  Joplin  has  been  worked   '' 


out  so  thoroughly  by  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey,  and  is  so  well  known  that  1  need 
not  dwell  on  it  here.     Suffice  it  to  say   ff 
that,  so  far,  the  mining  of  zinc  in  this  dis-    f 
trict    has    only    been    carried    on    in    the 
top   of   zones,   none   of  the   ore   having 
come  from  a  greater  depth  than  300  ft. 
Deep  drilling  has  proved  that  zinc  ore  is 
found    occurring    in    distinct    zones   to   a  ' 
great  depth.     Enough   is   proved   of  this 
formation,   one  of  the  world's  most  re- 
markable mineral  deposits,  to  know  that 
so  far  it  has  "only  been  scratched"  and 
that  it  will  continue  to  be  a  profitable  pro- 
ducer of  zinc  for  decades  to  come.    There 
are    few   districts    in    the    mining   world 
whose  future  is  more  assured  than  is  that  _ 
of  Joplin.     It   will,   of  course,   have  its  ||' 
ups  and  downs,  but  there  is  sufficient  zinc 
ore    there    for    a    long    time    to    come. 
An  enterprising  gentleman    is    now   pro- 
posing   to    mine     zinc     from     the    sec- 
ond zone,  below  the  chert.     It  is  hoped 


i 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


761 


that  he  will  be  successful  in  his  under- 
taking, for  it  will  mean  a  great  deal,  not 
only  to  him  but  to  the  district,  if  he  shows 
that  zinc  can  now  be  profitably  mined 
in  the  second  zone. 

.The  Moler-Smith  an  Example  of  Well 
Operated  Mine 

One  of  the  most  interesting  mines  in 
the  Joplin  district  is  the  Moler-Smith, 
owned  and  operated  by  the  ExcelsiorMin- 
ing  Company.  Its  success  is  largely  due 
to  the  energetic  general  manager,  Ezra 
Allendorf.  and  shows  what  can  be  done 
with  low-grade  material  in  the  district, 
when  the  conditions  are  favorable  and 
:he  management  of  a  high  order. 

The  mine  is  worked  in  an  opencut,  a 
steam  shove!  being  used  to  mine  the  ore. 
(t  reminds  one  of  a  Kimberley  diamond 
•nine  on  a  small  scale.  The  actual  re- 
;overy  is  1.8  to  2  per  cent.  zinc.  This 
neans  that  the  ore  as  it  stands  in  the  mine 
loes  not  assay  over  2.25  to  2.4  per  cent, 
dnc,  an  exceedingly  low-grade  material 
vith  which  to  deal.  Of  course,  conditions 
nust  be  ideal  to  make  money  with  such 
)re.  The  material  does  not  take  much 
lynamite  to  bring  it  down  or  else  the 
nargin  of  profit  would  be  greatly  re- 
luced. 

As  yet  the  mine  is  not  in  full  swing, 
ind  it  is  expected  in  time  to  bring  the 
otal  costs   for  mining  and  milling  down 

0  30  to  35c.  per  ton.  At  present  the  costs 
■er  ton  are:  Mining,  35c.;  milling.  12c.; 
otal,  47c.  About  12,500  tons  are  now  be- 
ng  put  through  the  two  mills  per  month 
f  26  working  days.  Great  care  is  taken 
)  keep  the  surface  water  out  of  the  open- 
ut  by  a  system  of  dike  walls  and 
tenches.  The  pumping  is  done  with  gas 
ngines.  An  accompanying  halftone  en- 
raving  shows  the  opencut  pit. 

HOVELERS   Working   on    Contract    Do 
Excellent  Work 

The  shoveling  is  done  on  contract.  In 
ome  countries.  South  Africa  and  Spanish 
>merica  for  instance,  the  engineer  begins 

1  think  that  the  white  man  is  losing  the 

<i'  hard  work.  Let  him  visit  the  Joplin 
ir.irict  and  he  will  see  what  the  white 
tborer,  working  on  contract,  can  still  ac- 
omplish.  In  the  Moler-Smith  mine  the 
hovelers  are  paid  10c.  per  ton,  and 
n  this  basis  earn  from  three  to  five 
ollars  per  day.  The  ore  is  not  shoveled 
PF  platforms,  but  must  be  lifted  from  the 
round  and  dumped  into  cars.  Under 
lese  circumstances  the  men  do  excellent 
^rk.  Fancy  a  white  man  shoveling  50 
"^  per  day  in  an  eight-hour  shift!  The 
ontract  system  is  the  only  system.  The 
liners  are  paid  S2.5n  per  shift,  the  usual 
ate  in  the  Joplin  district. 
The  ore  is  pulled  out  of  the  mine  on  an 
tclined  plane,  in  one-ton  cars  made  on  the 
|roperty.  These  are  more  satisfactory 
pan  three-ton  cars  formerly  used.  The 
lists   are   operated   by   steam,   all   other 


machines  on  the  property  being  operated 
by  gas. 

Mining  Operation  Is  Simple 

The  company  is  operating  two  mills, 
which  are  shown  in  the  accoinpanying 
halftone  engravings.  As  the  blende  is  not 
finely  disseminated  in  the  limestone,  the 
crushing  is  coarse,  and  the  extraction  is 
good.  At  one  of  the  mills  the  slimes 
are  passed  over  a  table  and  about  300  lb. 
of  zinc  concentrates  are  caught  per  day. 
The  ore  is  first  put  through  crushers, 
then  rolls,  and  then  through  jigs.  The  tail- 
ings are  elevated  by  buckets.  The  dis- 
posal of  tailings  is  the  biggest  problem 
at  this  mine.  As  the  country  is  flat  the 
tailings  must  be  elevated. 

Tariff  Protection  a  Great  Assistance 
TO  District 

Now  that  the  Government  has  settled 
the  question  of  protection  of  the  zinc  in- 
dustry, the  outlook  for  Joplin  is  cheerful. 
The  operators  begin  to  feel  blue  when  the 
price  of  concentrates  falls  below  $40  per 
ton,  but  when  the  price  advances  over 
that  the  profits  go  up,  and  as  it  approach- 
es $50  the  tone  of  the  district  becomes 
buoyant.  At  present  conditions  are 
healthy.  The  fact  that  the  tariff  on  the 
zinc  ores  protects  the  material  from  Jop- 
lin to  the  extent  of  nearly  $8  per  ton  tends 
to  make  Republicans  out  of  the  people. 
Free  trade  in  zinc  ores  would  be  a  serious 
blow  to  the  district. 


An  Important  West    Virginia    Gas 
Deal 


Special  Correspondence 

Another  step  in  the  program  by  which 
one  dominant  interest  will  secure  control 
of  the  natural  gas  production  of  Ohio  and 
West  Virginia,  was  taken  recently  in 
Pittsburg,  when  the  United  Gas  Fuel 
Company,  of  West  Virginia,  one  of  the 
subsidiary  corporations  of  the  Ohio  Fuel 
Supply  Company,  of  Columbus,  took 
over  all  the  property  of  the  Interstate 
Natural  Gas  Company,  a  West  Virginian 
corporation,  with  headquarters  in  Pitts- 
burg. The  Interstate  has  a  capital  of 
$1,000,000,  and  it  owns  a  large  number 
of  producing  wells  in  Lincoln  county,  W. 
Va.  A  short  time  ago  it  started  to  build 
apipe-linetoiheOhio river,  at  Huntington, 
W.  Va.,  and  to  furnish  gas  in  opposition 
to  the  United  Fuel  Gas  Company.  In  ad- 
dition it  was  preparing  to  ask  for  fran- 
chises in  several  towns  in  Ohio,  West 
Virginia  and  Kentucky;  but  recently  all 
work  was  stopped  on  the  pipe-line.  This 
was  one  result  of  the  purchase  of  the 
company  by  the  United  Fuel  Gas  Com- 
pany, which  thereby  controls,  practically, 
the  West  Virginia  gas  situation,  as  it  and 
the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company,  a  Stand- 
ard   Oil    subsidiary,   already   govern   the 


other  fields.  The  Ohio  Fuel  Supply  Com- 
pany and  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Com- 
pany, each  own  one-half  of  the  capital 
stock  of  the  United  Gas  Fuel  Company, 
so  it  may  be  seen  that  all  West  Virginia 
gas  is  controlled  by  one  interest. 

The  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  has 
arranged  to  take  over  practically  all  the 
properties  and  the  pipe  lines  in  West 
Virignia  of  the  Manufacturers'  Light  and 
Heat  Company,  of  Pittsburg,  for  a  casii 
consideration,  which  is  said  to  be  about 
SI, 000,000.  The  Hope  Natural  Gas  Com- 
pany under  the  agreement,  will  furnish 
an  ample  supply  of  natural  gas  to  the 
Manufacturers'  company  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  line,  at  an  agreed  wholesale 
price,  the  contract  running  for  20  years 
and  the  scale  of  gas  prices  being  graduat- 
ed. This  deal  places  the  Manufacturers' 
company  in  the  strongest  financial  posi- 
tion it  has  occupied  since  its  organiza- 
tion in  1903,  seven  years  ago. 


Ray   Consolidated   Copper 
Company 

The  fiscal  year  of  this  company  closes 
June  30,  but  in  the  recently  issued  report, 
operating  data  are  given  to  Sept.  1.  Devel- 
opment has  been  carried  on  by  churn 
drilling,  indicating  an  increase  in  ore  re- 
serves from  38  to  59  million  tons,  be- 
sides about  16  million  tons  on  the  Gila 
property,  which  has  practically  been  con- 
solidated with  Ray.  The  number  of  holes 
drilled  is  332,  and  the  total  number  of 
feet  of  drilling  on  both  properties,  141,- 
194.  The  average  thickness  of  ore  on 
the  Ray  property  is  118  ft.,  of  the  cap- 
ping, 240;  on  Gila,  17!  ft.  of  ore  and  315 
ft.  of  capping. 

The  total  completely  and  partially  de- 
veloped area  is  148  and  28  acres  for  the 
Ray  and  Gila  properties,  respectively. 
Part  of  the  ground  has  been  so  incom- 
pletely drilled  that  it  is  not  even  consid- 
ered partially  developed  in  the  above  fig- 
ures, while  in  a  number  of  holes  the 
drills  stopped  in  ore.  In  addition  about 
400  acres  of  ground  have  not  yet  been 
prospected,  although  a  geological  survey 
indicates  mineralization.  Only  five  drills 
are  now  at  work,  but  1,824,000  tons  were 
added  in  August  to  the  reserves. 

Over  a  Million   and  a   Half  Tons  of 
Copper 

The  assay  indicates  2.17  per  cent.  Cu., 
which  gives  a  total  of  l,ti20,000  tons  of 
copper  content.  There  are  over  eight 
miles  of  underground  workings,  and  85 
per  cent,  of  the  present  indicated  ore- 
bodies  can  be  mined  by  the  caving  system 
with  a  maximum  hoist  of  300  ft.  The  ore 
will  be  crushed  to  1-in.  size  and  delivered 
to  storage  bins  which  will  hold  one 
week's  output.  At  present  63,000  tons  of 
ore  are  in  stock,  but  by  the  time  the  mil! 
is  running  there  should  he   K'iO.OOO  tons. 


762 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


Reduction  Works  21  Miles  from  Mines 

The  power  for  the  mines  will  be  sup- 
plied from  Hayden,  21  miles  away.  The 
plant  will  generate  10.000  h.p.,  of  which 
25  per  cent,  will  be  held  in  reserve.  The 
concentrator  and  smeltery  will  also  be  at 
Hayden.  The  concentrator  will  be  in 
eight  sections,  each  good  for  1000  tons 
per  day.  The  main  mill  building  is  up, 
the  power-plant  building  should  be  fin- 
ished by  Nov.  1,  and  parts  of  both  power 
plant  and  mill  be  operating  by  Feb.  1, 
1911.  No  part  of  the  smeltery  will  be 
ready  for  two  or  three  months  after  that, 
and  arrangements  have  been  made  with  a 
customs  establishment  for  that  period. 

Ultimate  Production  80,000.000 Pounds 

When  the  plant  is  running  at  full  ca- 
pacity the  annual  production  should  be 
about  80.000.000  lb.  of  fine  copper,  which 
it  is  estimated  will  cost  about  9  cents. 


September  Dividends 


The  accompanying  table  shows  the 
amount  per  share  and  total  amount  of 
dividends  paid  during  September.  1910, 
by  a  number  of  the  leading  mining  and 
metallurgical  companies  in  the  United 
States,    Canada    and    Mexico. 


U.  S.  Mines. 

Am.    &    Smelters. 
pf.  B 

Bunker      Hill      & 
.Sull..l.  s 

Butte  Coal 

Calumet  &  Ari- 
zona, c 

Calumet  &  Hecla.c. 

Cumberla'fi-Ely.c. 

Doe  Run  Lead.  1... 

Federal  M.  &S..\ 

Great        Northern 
Iron  Ore 

Hecla.  s.  1 

Homestake.  g 

Intem'l.Sm.&Ref. 

Iron  Blossom,  s.  1. 

Little  Bell.  .s.  1 

Nevada  Con.,  c. .  . 

Nortti  Star,  g 

Parrott,  C.  &  S...  . 

Phelps    Dodge    & 
Co.,  c 

Quincy.  c 

Round  Ml 

St.  Jop.  1 

Uncle  Sam.  g.  s.  1. 

Utah  Copper.c. . . 

Yukon  Clold.  g.. .  . 


Foreign  Mining 

COMP-\NlES. 


Kerr  Lake,  s 

Lucky  Tiger- 

Com . ,  g 

McKinley-Dar- 

ragh-Sav..  s.  .  ,  . 
N.  Y.*Hond.lSos 
Pi-regrina  M.  &  M. 

pf 

Rio  Plata,  .s 


V.  S.  INDU.STIIIAI, 


American  Coal.. .  . 
Crucible  Steel,  pf, 
Clen'l.  Chain,  com. 
Nat'l.  I*ad,  pf .  . . 
SI0S.S,  .Shefheul.  pf 
Standard  Oil  ,  . 
Texas  &  Pac.  Coal. 
U.  S.  Steel,  com  . . 


situa- 
tion. 


Ida. 
Mont. 

.\riz. 

Mich. 

Nev. 

Mo. 

Ida. 


Ida. 

S.  D. 

Utah. 

Utah. 

Utah. 

Nev. 

Cal. 

Mont. 

U.S. 

Mich. 

Nov. 

Mo. 

Utah. 

Utah. 

Alas. 


.\mt.  per 
Share. 


0.30 
0.23 

:.oo 

7,00 
0.10 
1,50 
1 . 7.-> 


0.50 

0.02 

0.50 

2.00 

0.06 

O.O.i 

0.37i 

0.40 

0.15 

2. 50 
1  .25 
0.04 
0.15 
0 .  02 
0  75 
0    10 


375.000 

as. 100 
250,000 

200.000 
700.000 
130.000 
98.674 
210,000 


20.000 
109.200 
200.000 

60.000 

15.000 
431.500 
100.000 

34,47? 

1,123,365 
137.500 
34,6.50 
150.000 
10,000 
550.237 
350.000 


Situa- 
tion. 


Ont. 
Mex. 


Ont. 
C.  A, 


Mex. 

Mex. 


.Situa- 
tion. 


Md. 
Penn. 
U.  S. 
N.  Y. 
Ala. 
U.  s 
Texas. 
U.S. 


AvM.  per 
Share. 


0.50 
0.05 


0 .  05 
0.20 


3   .50 
0 .  10 


Am! .  per 
Share. 


0.75 
1  ,75 
1 .  25 
1  .75 
1  25 
B  00 
1.50 
1.25 


Total  Amt. 
Paid. 


300.000 
33.750 


112.3S4 
30,000 


33,000 
37,343 


Total  .\mt. 
Paid. 


37. .5000 

427.638 

92.692 

426.433 

125.000 

5,820.000 

33,910 

6,3.53.781 


Chronology    of    Mining  for 
September,    1910 

Sept.  1 — Announcement  of  the  aban- 
doning of  the  LeRoi  mine  in  British  Col- 
umbia by  the  London  company. 

Sept.  4 — Wage  agreement  between 
Southwestern  coal  operators  and  miners 
closed. 

Sept.  5 — Joseph  A.  Holmes  appointed 
chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  by  the 
President. 

Sept.  9 — Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.,  Inc.,  ac- 
quire a  large  stock  interest  in  the  Rock 
Island  railway. 

Sept.  10 — Wage  agreement  between  Ill- 
inois coal  operators  and  miners  closed. 

Sept.  14 — Completion  of  transfer  of 
Cumberland-Ely  mine  to  Nevada  Consol- 
idated Copper  Company. 

Sept.  19—250.000  miners  in  Wales,  em- 
ployed by  the  colliery  trust,  went  on  a 
strike. 

Sept.  26 — American  Mining  Congress 
convened   in   Los  Angeles. 


Minerals  and  Mines  Department  of 
the   Appalachian   Exposition 


By   Ray  V.  Myers* 


The  exposition  being  held  at  Knoxville, 
Tenn.,  offers  in  its  mineral  exhibits  splen- 
did object  lessons  in  the  natural  wealth 
of  the  Appalachian  region.  This  feature 
cf  the  exposition  is  not  confined  to  the 
special  building  provided  for  the  minerals 
and  mines  department.  Specimens  of 
mineral  resources,  and  equipment  used  in 
the  mines  and  quarries  may  be  noted 
in  nearly  all  the  buildings  and  through 
the  exhibits  of  widely  diversified  indus- 
tries. 

Minerals  and  Forestry  Building 

The  exhibits  belonging  to  the  depart- 
ment of  mines  and  minerals  were  selected 
and  arranged  under  the  supervision  of 
Prof.  C.  H.  Gordon,  of  the  University  of 
Tennessee.  The  idea  carried  out  in  this 
department  was  to  cover  the  wide  range 
cf  valuable  mineral  products  native  to 
this  region,  and  present  them  in  such  a 
way  as  to  enable  the  average  visitor  to  get 
a  comprehensive  idea  of  the  whole  in  a 
short  time. 

The  marble  exhibit  is  excellent  and  will 
impress  the  visitor  with  the  splendid  qual- 
ity of  Tennessee  gray,  pink  and  fancy- 
figured  marbles.  Some  beautiful  speci- 
mens of  Carolina  marble  in  blended  col- 
ors of  pink,  cream  and  white  attract  much 
attention.  Lack  of  space  permits  only 
mention  of  the  minerals  which  are  found 
in  commercial  quantity  within  the  south- 
ern Appalachian  region,  viz:  granite, 
limestone,  slate,  talc,  gypsum,  barytes.  as- 
bestos, coal,  coke,  red  and  brown  hema- 


__^  •Consulting  engineer,   Knoxville,  Tenn. 


tite.  magnetic  iron  ore.  copper  and  zinc. 
A  collection  of  geological  maps,  relief 
inaps  and  illustrative  matter  completes 
an    instructive    mineral   exhibit. 

Tennessee-Kentucky  Coal  Exhibit 

The  most  important  mineral  industry 
in  the  .Appalachian  region  in  the  matter 
of  extent  of  resources,  value,  and  present 
development  is  the  production  of  coal  and 
coke. 

A  number  of  the  moreenterprisingcoal- 
mining  companies  of  Tennessee  and  Ken- 
tucky are  calling  attention  to  this  import- 
?nt  business  through  a  unique  exhibit 
in  the  form  of  a  building  about  20x56  ft., 
whose  heavily  buttressed  walls  are  built 
entirely  of  bituminous  and  cannel  coal. 
The  large  and  durable  lumps  used  in  the 
construction  of  this  building  offer  signifi- 
c.int  evidence  of  the  stocking  quality  of 
east  Tennessee  and   Kentucky  coals. 

.Marble  Band  Stand 

The  mineral  industry  of  greatest  im- 
portance in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Knoxville  is  the  quarrying  and  finishing 
of  marble  for  building  and  decorative 
materials.  A  beautiful  exhibit  of  Tennes- 
see marble  is  furnished  in  the  large 
S20.000  band  stand,  whose  massive  walls, 
columns  and  stairways  are  built  of  solid 
marble.  The  material  used  in  its  con- 
struction was  donated  by  several  of  the 
leading  marble-producing  companies  of 
Knoxville's  large  group  of  such  concerns. 

The    Southern    Railway,    Louisville    & 
Nashville  Railroad,  and  Norfolk  &  West- 
ern Railway  have  prepared  attractive  ex 
hibits    of    the    principal    commodities    ol  ' 
their    tributary    territories.      In    each    ot 
these  exhibits  a  large  proportion  consists 
of    valuable    minerals,    comprising    coal 
coke,  iron,  copper,  zinc  and  manganest  _ 
ores,   marble,    limestone,    talc,    asbestos 
granite,  slags  and  pottery. 

Mine  and  Quarry  Machinery 

Building  space  could  not  be  furnishet 
for  all  of  the  large  assortment  of  ma 
chinery  on  exhibit  at  the  exposition.  Ii 
the  main  building  in  the  machinery  ex 
hibit  is  a  variety  of  mine  machinery  rig 
gad  up  with  power  to  give  operating  dem 
onstiations.  Notable  among  these  are  In 
gersoll-Rand  Company,  exhibiting  pici 
mining  machines,  air  compressors,  roc!,  f 
drills,  electric-air  rock  drills  and  pneu  t 
m.atic  hand  tools;  Fairbanks-Morse  &  Cc' 
electric  generators,  motors,  mine  pumps 
and  steam  pumps;  Eureka  Stone  and  Or 
Crusher  Company  is  operating  roc 
crushers  of  several  sizes;  W.  J.  Savag 
company,  electrical  and  steam  pumps 
Myers-Whaley  company  is  exhibiting  it 
coal-loading  machine  which  has  been  fo 
three  years  in  operation  in  various  mine 
on  test  runs,  loading  coal  into  mine  car.' 
Out  in  the  open  air  the  John  C.  Punca 
company  is  dcinonstrating  the  operatic 
of  the  Williams  rock  crusher. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAI 


763 


Notes  on  Operations  in  Jarbidge  Camp,  Nevada 

Low-grade    Gold    Ores.     Veins  Large  and  Persistent  although  Much 
Faulted.     Camp  Suffering  from  Dearth  of  Capital.     Promising  Showings 


BY        WINTHROP 


W. 


F  I  S  K* 


Jarbidge,  although  over  six  months 
old,  is  still  a  prospector's  camp,  and  is 
being  developed  almost  entirely  by  in- 
dividuals with  little  outside  assistance, 
other  than  from  the  ranchers  and  busi- 
ness men  of  Twin  Falls,  Idaho.  There 
have  been  a  few  mining  men  represent- 
ing outside  capital  in  here,  but  the  prices 
and  terms  at  which  the  prospects  were 
held  did  not  encourage  them  to  take  up 
anything.  However,  conditions  are 
changing,  better  ores  are  being  developed 
and  prices  arc  being  brought  within  more 


the  range  for  years,  burn  off  the  hillsides 
each  year  to  improve  the  grazing. 

Since  the  snow  went  off  so  that  the  sur- 
face could  be  seen,  prospectors  have 
been  busy  and  many  good  showings  have 
been  opened,  over  an  area  extending 
about  four  miles  east  and  west  and  nine 
miles  north  and  south.  This  work  has 
shown  many  large  veins  with  good  ore  on 
the  surface  and  most  of  these  veins  have 
bunches  of  high-grade  ore  in  rich  streaks, 
which  in  several  cases  is  being  sorted  out 
and  sacked   for  shipment. 


3  Gold  Circle 


I7i«  Eniiinctrin.j  j  Mininu  Juumat 

Genekal  Sketch   Map  of  Jarbidge  District,  Elko  County,  Nevada 


reasonable  limits.     It  is,  therefore,  prob- 
able that  before  long  there  will  be  some 
companies  operating  with  adequate  capi- 
tal to  do  proper  development  work. 
The    elevation    of    Jarbidge    is    about 

I  6400  ft.  and  of  the  "crater"  mines  from 
9000  to  10.000  ft.  above  sea-level.  The 
country     is    extremely     precipitous     and 

I  hence  offers  opportunity  for  tunnel  de- 
velopment. It  is  well  watered  and 
there     is     considerable      small      timber, 

I  although   much    of   this    is   dead,   as   the 

I  sheepmen,   who  have  had  possession  of 

•Miiilns;    i-nu-lnopi-.    .Tarblrtep.    Ncv. 


High-grade  Ore  Being  Sacked  on  4-.M 
Lease 

One  party  of  lessees  has  about  a  car- 
load of  high-grade  ore  sacked  and  ex- 
pects to  make  a  shipment  soon.  They 
estimate  that  their  ore  will  yield  them 
better  than  SIOOO  per  ton.  Some  days 
the  ore  sacked  runs  much  higher  than 
others,  average  samples  from  the  sacked 
ore  assaying  from  S350  to  S4980  per  ton. 
This  lease  is  on  the  Pavlak  vein,  and  is 
known  as  the  "4-M"  lease,  being  held  by 
George  Morris,  Kessler  Morris,  E.  L. 
Moffctt   and    L.   A.    McCarthy.     It   is   the 


first  lease  north  of  the  Pavlak  shaft  on 
the  Arizona  No.  1  claim.  They  have  run 
in  on  the  vein  for  65  ft.,  being  in  rich 
ore  since  the  first  10  ft.  At  present 
they  are  sinking  and  are  sorting  rock 
from  two  feet  of  the  vein  width. 

Lessees  on   Arizona  Claims  Have  Pay 
Ore 

The  next  lease  north  of  the  4-M  is  on 
the  Arizona  No.  2,  and  is  held  by  E.  W. 
Riddle  and  William  Corrigan.  They  have 
three  openings  on  the  vein,  showing  from 
5  to  8  ft.  of  ore  that  averages  from  312 
to  S16  per  ton,  with  occasional  bunches 
of  rich  ore  in  which  the  quartz  is  liber- 
ally sprinkled  with  free  gold.  The  lease 
on  the  Pavlak  vein,  south  of  Pavlak, 
covering  300  ft.  on  Arizona  No.  1  and  300 
ft.  on  Arizona  No.  4  claims,  is  held  by 
T.  J.  Curley.  He  has  two  veins,  four  to 
six  feet  wide,  opened  for  about  10  ft. 
each,  the  ore  panning  $10  to  $12  per  ton 
and  improving  with  depth. 

To  the  north  along  the  Pavlak  vein  on 
the  Rainbow  Fraction,  which  is  between 
Arizona  No.  2  and  No.  4,  the  Amazon 
Rainbow  Company  has  a  lease  on  which 
it  has  advanced  a  tunnel  65  ft.,  nearly 
to  the  intersection  of  the  Pavlak  and 
Amazon  veins.  The  Pavlak  vein  has  a 
strike  of  south  17  deg.  east,  while  the 
Amazon  vein  south  50  deg.  west.  There 
are  two  systems  of  veins  throughout  the 
camp  with  approximately  the  above 
strikes. 

Pavlak   Vein    Being    Developed 

The  Pavlak  company  is  running  a 
crosscut  tunnel  from  the  level  of  the 
river  ba  ik  to  cut  the  Pavlak  vein  at  a 
depth  ct  over  300  ft.,  under  the  Pavlak 
shaft.  This  tunnel  has  been  advanced 
over  380  ft.  and  from  indications  of  the 
strata  passed  through,  is  about  ,S0  ft. 
from  the  vein.  This  vein  shows  in  the 
shaft,  which  is  about  40  ft.  deep,  to  have 
a  width  of  10  to  12  ft.,  and  any  any  part 
of  the  dump  will  pan  well  in  free  gold. 

Directly  to  the  east  of  the  Pavlak 
claims.  W.  W.  Williams  has  a  lease  and 
bond  on  the  Red  Bird  and  Duffy  claims, 
on  which  he  has  exposed  three  veins 
which  show  on  the  surface  a  width  of  4 
to  0  ft.  and  in  places  ore  of  high  grade. 

Lessees  at   Work  on    North  Star 

North  of  these  properties  and  near  ths 
town  of  Jarbidge  is  the  property  of  the 
North  Star  Mining  Company,  w^here  the 
original  strike  was  made  last  winter.  This 
is  a  great  silicious  dike  30  to  40  ft.  wide, 


764 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15.  1910. 


which  carries  gold  throughout  the  greater 
part  and  shows  some  extremely  rich  ore. 
This  company  has  about  150  ft.  of  devel- 
opment work,  but  is  not  at  present  oper- 
ating. 

Fletcher  &  Clark  have  a  lease  on  the 
North  Star  No.  3  claim  and  are  running 
a  tunnel  at  a  point  100  ft.  down  the 
hill  to  cut  the  orebody  at  greater  depth. 
Buys  &  Riddle  have  a  lease  on  the  North 
Star  claim  and  have  two  tunnels  on  a 
vein  6  to  9  ft.  wide,  in  which  the  ore  runs 
from  $10  to  S14  per  ton,  but  as  yet  have 
encountered  very  little  high-grade  ore. 
On  the  Minnie  B  No.  3,  which  also  be- 
longs to  the  North  Star  company,  a  large 
vein,  which  shows  some  rich  ore,  has 
been  opened  just  east  of  an  extensive 
dike. 

Properties     to     South     of     Camp 
Developing 

Joining  the  Pavlak,  on  the  south  end  is 
the  Pan  claim,  which  has  a  tunnel  100  ft. 
long,  that  has  cut  a  5-ft.  vein  of  quartz 
showing  only  low-grade  ore,  although 
there  is  a  considerable  rich  float  on  the 
surface  above  the  tunnel,  indicating  that 
an  oreshoot  exists  nearby.  Southeast  of 
the  Pan  is  the  Pick  and  Shovel,  one  of 
the  large  properties  of  the  camp.  The 
outcrop  here  is  nearly  as  wide  as  on  the 
North  Star,  and  on  the  100-ft.  level  a 
crosscut  shows  the  vein  30  ft.  wide  and 
of  good  average  value  with  some  high- 
grade  ore. 

Joining  the  Shovel  claim  is  the  success, 
on  which  has  just  been  opened  one  of 
the  best  showings  in  the  camp.  The  vein 
IS  4  to  6  ft.  wide  and  of  high  grade.  On 
the  east  of  the  Success  is  the  It  claim, 
upon  which  a  great  deal  of  rich  float  is 
found.  Surface  trenching  has  so  far 
failed  to  find  the  vein. 

Just  south  of  the  It  is  the  Rock  Creek 
Fraction,  on  which  a  rich  vein  has  been 
opened.  It  was  only  6  in.  wide  when  first 
encountered,  but  has  widened  to  2  ft.  in 
8  ft.  of  work.  A  one-third  inter- 
est in  this  fraction  was  sold  for  S1500, 
just  before  the  strike  was  made. 

Rich  Property  in  Litigation 

What  is  considered  the  best  property  in 
Jarbidge  is  tied  up  in  law  suits  between 
three  claimants,  the  Bluster,  Scenic  and 
Mint.  The  property  lies  south  of  the 
Rock  Creek  claim  and  SIOO.OOO  has  been 
offered  for  a  clear  title  to  it,  but  at  pres- 
ent none  of  the  claimants  show  any  dis- 
position to  compromise  and  it  promises 
to  be  a  bitterly  contested  case. 

Promising  showings  are  evident  to  the 
south  on  the  Josephine,  Red  Rooster, 
Indian  Camp  and  Stray  Dog.  About  five 
miles  south  of  Jarbidge  the  Pick  and 
Shovel  veins  show  15  to  20  ft.  wide  for 
over  100  ft.  on  the  strike  in  one  place  on 
the  Good  Luck  claim,  and  for  nearly  as 
great  a  distance  in  another  place.  The 
vein  can  be  traced  across  the  river  where 
it    has    been    opened    on    the    Free    Gold 


claims,  and  again  on  top  of  the  ridge  Mr. 
Shoemaker  is  opening  the  same  vein.  On 
the  Good  Luck,  where  they  have  a  tunnel 
in  about  30  ft.,  all  the  vein  matter  pans 
and  some  handsome  specimens  of  free 
gold  have  been  taken  out.  One  mile  fur- 
ther south  a  good  showing  is  found  on 
the  Ozark  claim  and  another  mile  to  the 
south  is  the  15-ft.  vein  of  the  Mammoth 
claim,  which  shows  on  the  surface  ore 
.assaying  .S4  to  $9. 

Veins  to  East  of  Ridge   Give   Promise 

On  the  Fifth  "crater,"  about  two  miles 
east  of  the  Mammoth,  near  the  top  of  the 
ridge  between  the  head  of  the  Jarbidge 
river  and  the  East  fork,  a  vein  showing 
some  fine  free-gold  specimen  ore  has 
been  opened. 

The  Jarbidge  range  consists  of  a  series 
of  peaks  which  break  off  sharply  to  the 
east,  forming  small,  deep  basins  which 
are  called  "craters."  There  are  numer- 
ous veins  showing  along  the  sides  of 
these  basins  or  craters.  It  is  only  recent- 
ly that  any  attention  has  been  given  to 
these  veins  as  it  means  a  climb  of  four  to 
five  thousand  feet  to  reach  them.  How- 
ever, a  rich  piece  of  quartz  was  found 
in  the  First,  or  Jack  crater,  a  few  weeks 
ago  and  since  then  there  has  been  great 
activity  all  along  the  top  of  the  range, 
relocating  much  of  the  ground  and  pros- 
pecting the  veins. 

The  results  have  been  quite  successful. 
Two  veins  showing  rich  ore,  which  is  be- 
ing sacked,  have  been  opened  in  Second 
crater  and  two  in  the  Third  crater  that 
pan  well  over  a  width  of  5  ft.  The  west 
veins  from  the  Second  and  Third  craters 
have  been  traced  down  into  Snowslide, 
where largeoutcrops  canbeseen.  Pay  dir,' 
has  been  found  on  the  surface  in  the 
Bunch,  Little  Mud,  Shadow,  High  Up  and 
Brook  properties  near  here. 

Favorable  Showing  on  West  Side 

On  the  west  slope  of  the  mountain  be- 
tween the  craters  and  the  river  are  num- 
erous properties,  where  the  surface  rock 
will  show  more  or  less  free  gold  in  the 
pan.  Among  these  are  the  Vulcan,  Gold 
Coin,  Miss  Mc,  Mother  Lode, ColdSprings, 
Buster,  Mice,  May  and  Buster  Brown. 

The  district  is  one  of  eruptive  rocks, 
the  quartz  veins  filling  the  cracks  or  fis- 
sures in  the  rhyolite  porphyry.  The  veins, 
although  much  broken  and  faulted,  show 
great  size  and  persistence. 

Mail  and  Transportation  Facilities  to 
Be  Improved 

Jarbidge  has  heretofore  had  no  regu- 
lar mail  service,  which  has  been  a  great 
inconvenience.  Recently  the  Commercial 
club  took  up  the  matter  with  Senator 
Nixon  and  President  Taft,  with  the  result 
that  a  special  agent  was  sent  to  investi- 
gate. He  signed  up  a  contract  for  a  mail 
three  times  a  week,  via  Three  Creek, 
Ida.,   and  promised   that   as   soon    as   the 


new  road  to  Deeth  was  finished  he  would 
recommend  another  mail  route  that  way. 

Another  serious  handicap  has  been  the 
fact  that  the  ranchers  who  are  running 
the  camp  have  charged  an  exorbitant 
rate  of  S50  per  ton  for  the  90-mile  haul 
to  or  from  the  railroad  (2^c.  per  lb.). 
The  Commercial  club  has  taken  up  the 
matter  of  building  a  road  to  connect  with 
the  Southern  and  Western  Pacific  main 
lines,  at  Deeth. 

The  report  of  the  engineer  engaged 
to  make  the  reconnaissance  survey  shows 
that  this  road  will  not  be  expensive  to 
construct  and  will  provide  a  65-mile  haul 
to  the  railroad.  There  is  but  one  summit 
to  cross  between  Jarbidge  and  Charleston 
and  only  17  miles  of  road  to  build,  of 
which  over  one-half  will  only  require  a 
little  improving  to  the  present  road.  From 
Charleston  to  Deeth  there  is  a  fine  road 
over  which  autos  can  make  the  run  in 
two  or  three  hours.  This  road  will  give 
the  camp  much  lower  freight  rates  and 
supplies  can  be  bought  much  cheaper 
at  Deeth  or  Elko  than  at  Twin  Falls. 
Work  will  be  -pushed  so  as  to  have  the 
road  open  before  snow  falls,  so  that  the 
camp  will  have  winter  communication 
with  the  outside.  The  Twin  Falls  apology 
for  a  road  cannot  be  used  to  any  advan- 
tage during  the  winter  months.  The  new 
road  will  permit  autos  to  come  into  camp 
and  will  be  available  for  transporting 
heavy  machinery. 


Electricity  for   Rand  Mines 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 


Great  strides  ar  .eing  made  on  the 
Rand  in  perfecting  the  electrical  equip- 
ment at  the  mines  and  mills.  It  is  esti- 
mated the  cost  of  the  City  Deep  mill  was 
reduced  by  £124,000,  owing  to  the  pro- 
vision of  power  from  a  central  station. 
The  growth  of  the  use  of  electricity  on 
the  Rand  is  shown  by  the  following  data, 
the  successive  figures  under  each  head 
being  for  the  years  1905,  '06,  '09  and  '10: 
Number  of  electrical  generators,  397,  500, 
50(5,  .  .  .  -.number  of  motors,  724,  1754. 
3027,  .  .  .  ;  total  horsepower,  17,594. 
42,601,  76,299  and  200000  estimated. 

The  cost  per  unit  of  steam  is0.918d.  and 
the  power  cost  per  ton  of  ore  crushed 
24. 7d.  as  compared  with  a  cost  per  unit 
of  electricity  of  0.525d.  and  a  power  cost 
per  ton  crushed  of  14.2  pence. 

The  estimated  saving  per  ton  by  the  use 
of  electricity  is,  therefore,  10.,Sd.  per  ton 
crushed.  The  first  figure  is  the  present 
cost  for  steam  at  a  typical  large  mine, 
the  second  is  based  on  the  price  at  which 
the  Victoria  Falls  Power  Company  will 
supply  current  after  October,  1912.  J.  A. 
Vaughan  estimates  that  in  some  cases 
the  saving  affected  will  amount  to  one 
shilling  per  ton  of  rock  crushed. 


?65 


[es 


these 

Table 

items 

of  the 

ost  of 
■  cubic 
ts.  An 
ts  for 
cent., 


IjIc. 

II- 1. 

im. 
let. 
uu. 
t. 
light. 


ind  12, 
le  data 
d  more 
:ems  to 
bor  and 
!.  This 
er  ma- 
idled. 

DOING 


d    9- 


the  dif- 
lifornia. 
;r    hour 
'0       per 
to     S4 
ers     re- 
S2.50  to 
^2.75  to 
mployed 
dredges, 
ler    day. 
receive 
ge   crew 
d    three 
mployed 
:.       One 
)  several 
ifts    are 
up     to 
25c.     be- 
ille,    and 
is     sup- 
At  Oro- 
ter  Com- 
water  for 
the  Yuba 
IE  some- 
he  water 


7i  -' 


Supplement  to  the  Kncinebring  and  Mining  Journal,  Oct.  15,  1910.    Accompanying  Article  Entitled,  "Notes  on  the  Construction  of  CJi,f,j„Ni,  Dredges,"  by  John  Tvssowski 


CALIFORNIA  PLACER  MINING  DREDGE 

Built  for  Use  on  the  Yuba  River 

Buckets  of  7  Cu.  Ft.  Capacity, 

Close  connected  Bucket  Chain  Used. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


765 


Notes  on  the  Construction  of  California  Dredges 


New  Boats  Have  Buckets  of  1 3  1  2  cu.  yds.   Capacity, 
age,   and  Close-connected,   Two-eye   Buckets   Favored. 


Spud   Anchor- 
Costs  Reduced 


BY       JOHN       TYSSOWSKI 


In  the  three  great  gold-dredging  fields 
of  California,  at  Folsom,  Oroville  and 
Hamnionton  (Marysville),  a  distinct  type 
of  dredge  has  been  evolved.  Modifica- 
tions in  the  constructional  details  are 
necessitated  by  the  different  conditions 
under  which  the  dredges  must  be  oper- 
ated, but  a  general  tendency  toward 
standardization  of  design  is  noticeable. 

At  the  present  time  there  are  of  the 
larger  dredges  nine  operating  in  the 
vicinity  of  Folsom  in  Sacramento  county, 
14  about  Hammonton  on  the  Yuba,  in 
Yuba  county,  and  about  30  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  Oroville  in  Butte 
county.  In  all  there  are  possibly  75 
dredges  operated  in  the  State,  scattered 
about  the  counties  mentioned  and  in 
Calaveras,  Siskiyou,  Trinity,  Shasta, 
Merced  and  Stanislaus  counties.  The 
yield  in  gold  from  these  dredges  now 
amounts    to    about    seven    and    one-lialf 


two   and    one-half  cents   per  cubic   yard 
of   material    handled. 

Costs  in  California  Dredge  Fields 

The  following  figures  on  dredging 
costs  in  California  may  be  cited  as  being 
typical:  The  Folsom  No.  4,  13vi- 
cu.ft.  dredge  operated  over  a  given 
period  at  a  cost  of  3c.  per  cu.yd. 
of  material  handled;  the  average  cost  for 


The  segregation  of  the  costs  for  these 
various-sized  dredges  is  given  in  Table 
II,  in  which  the  figures  under  the  items 
of  cost  represent  the  percentage  of  the 
total  cost. 

Other  available  data  on  the  cost  of 
dredging  at  Oroville  show  costs  per  cubic 
yard  ranging  from  five  to  nine  cents.  An 
approximate  distribution  of  the  costs  for 
the    Oroville    district    is:     18    per    cent.. 


■lAHI.K   I.      DATA  ON  OTMORATIOX  OV  rAT.II'ORXIA    nRinxJKS. 


Capftclty 

of  liui-kets, 

Cu.Ft. 

■fi     .    ,    »          Actual 
P,.,lr,,I  of      opfintms 
01,s,-rv,,ti..ii,      '^rm,,,    *• 

JlHUIhs.           p,.i.  (Vl.t. 

Gravel  Dus  per          Doiitli  "f 
Month,  Cu.Yil.             Gravel. 

Cost  per 

Cll.Yd.. 

cents. 

Character  t»t 
CJrouiid. 

3 

3 

7 

-H 
s 
131^ 

32 
12 
12 
12 
11 
('i 
s 

82. 3 
83.7 

-  ia.u 

73.2 

■ 

3,s,2(H)  27 
38.-1IHI  3.i 
(i7,r.tH)  3(i 
S4.71H)                             2S 

113,'JIK)  7(1 
',17,0(10                            42 

22r>,000                             I'J 

7.00 
7.32 
(1.05 
i.51 
4.1C 
3.1)2 
2.30 

Favorable. 
Compact. 
Meiliura. 
Compact. 
Medium. 
LiKht. 
Fine  and  light. 

Yuba  Dredge  with  Digging  Ladder  and  Lower  Tu.mbler  on  Ba.nk  for  Repairs 


million  dollars  per  year.  In  1S98,  when 
dredging  was  commenced  at  Oroville,  a 
yield  of  S19,000  was  recorded. 

Tendency  in  Building 

The  tendency  in  dredge  building  has 
been  steadily  toward  turning  out  stronger 
and  larger  boats.  Thus  the  period  of 
usefulness  has  been  increased  along  with 
the  capacity  for  handling  material,  until 
now  the  most  modern  dredges  handle 
■about  250.000  cu.yd.  of  material 
per  month  and  probably  represent  an 
initial  expenditure  of  S250.000.  The 
buckets  on  the  largest  dredges  now  oper- 
ating in  California  are  of  13":  cu.ft. 
capacity.  Through  the  use  of  the  im- 
proved and  larger  dredges,  costs  have 
been    reduced    in    some    cases    close    to 


•^rinlui;  engineer. 

Mtn.    .Illlltx. 


■dil.iihil    sliilT.    i:\, 


the  Natomas  Consolidated  of  California 
for  eight  months  of  1909  was  3.85c.  per 
cu.yd.  f3.0(ic.  Natomas  division  and  5. 17c. 
Folsom  division);  records  for  six  years' 
operation  at  Oroville  with  5-cu.ft.  bucket 
dredges  show  a  cost  of  5.63  per  cu.yd.; 
with   3' '.-cu.ft.   buckets,   7.9   cents. 

It  is  probable  that  the  larger  boats  in 
California  are  at  present  operating  on 
easy  digging  material  at  a  cost  of  be- 
tween two  and  two  and  one-half  cents 
per  cubic  yard.  On  the  Yuba  and  Fol- 
som fields  the  dredges  handle 
from  100,000  to,  under  the  most  favor- 
able conditions,  250,000  cu.yd.  of  ma- 
terial each  month.  The  actual  operating 
time  on  the  better  dredges  averages  close 
to  S5  per  cent.  Table  I  accompanying 
this  article  shows  approximate  cost  data 
for  the  operation  of  a  number  of  dredges 
in    California    under    typical    conditions. 


power;  45,  repairs;  25,  labor;  and  12, 
general.  It  will  be  seen  from  the  data 
advanced  that,  in  the  larger  and  more 
modern  boats,  the  repair  item  seems  to 
be  decreasing  and  the  charge  to  labor  and 
power  correspondingly  increasing.  This 
is  the  natural  course  with  better  ma- 
chinery  and   larger  yardages   handled. 

Economic  Conditions  in   Dredging 
Fields 

Wages  do  not  vary  greatly  in  the  dif- 
ferent dredging  fields  of  California. 
The  winchmen  receive  45c.  per  hour 
in  the  Folsom  field,  S3.50  per 
day  at  Oroville  and  S3.50  to  S4 
per  day  on  the  Yuba.  Oilers  re- 
ceive 35c.  per  hour  at  Folsom,  S2.50  to 
$2.75  per  day  at  Oroville.  and  .'^2.75  to 
S3  on  the  Yuba.  Chinamen  employed 
in  cleaning  off  ground  before  dredges, 
etc.,  at  Oroville,  receive  S2  per  day. 
The  repair  men  at  Hammonton  receive 
S2.50  per  day.  .\  regular  dredge  crew 
consists  of  one  winchman  and  three 
oilers,  besides  extra  men  employed 
on  extraordinary  repair  work.  One 
clean-up  crew  usually  attends  to  several 
dredges.  Three  eieht-hour  shifts  are 
worked.  Power  costs  range  up  to 
about  l'-<c.  per  kw.-hour.  1.25c.  be- 
ing a  fair  average  for  Oroville,  and 
O.B.Sc.  for  Folsom.  Power  is  sup- 
plied by  a  number  of  companies.  At  Oro- 
ville the  Palermo  Land  and  Water  Com- 
pany charges  SKSO  per  year  for-water  for 
each  dredge.  In  most  cases  on  "the  Yuba 
seepage  fills  the  ponds,  pumping  some- 
times being  necessary  to  keep  the  water 
down  to  the  proper  level. 


766 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


Approved  Construction 
Experience  seems  to  have  proved  the 
superiority  of  the  spud  method  of  an- 
choring dredges  to  that  of  using  head- 
lines to  keep  them  up  to  their  work,  and 
the  latter  type  is  fast  disappearing  from 
the  California  dredge  fields  except  where 
only  very  loose  material  must  be  dug. 
The  close-connected  bucket  chain  is  also 
almost  universally  desired  in  preference 
to  the  open-link  chain,  although  the 
latter  type  is  doubtless  better  adapted  to 
digging  ground  containing  quantities  of 
large  rocks.  Revolving  screens  for 
washing  the  gravel  have  proved  in  most 


Yuba  Consolidated  Goldfields;  and 
one  of  the  Boston  &  Idaho  Gold 
Dredging  Company  to  operate  at 
Idaho  City,  Idaho.  The  Natoma 
No.  8  will  dig  to  a  depth  of  55  ft.,  the 
Yuba  No.  13,  64  ft.;  and  the  Boston  & 
Idaho,  36  ft.,  below  water  line.  The 
digging  ladders  on  these  boats  will  be  of 
the  plate-girder  type.  Gold-saving  ta- 
bles on  the  No.  13  and  No.  8  boats 
will  be  built  of  wood;  on  the  Boston  & 
Idaho  dredge,  of  steel.  All  will  be  double 
banked  and  the  complete  area  on  each 
will  be  6300  sq.ft.  As  seen  in  Table  III, 
the    combined    areas    of    the    gold-saving 


TABLE  II.     PEUCENT.VCK  SEGUEOATIOX  OF  COSTS   OF  I>Ui:il(;iN(;  IX  CAI.IFOItNIA. 


Capacity  of 

Buckets, 

Cu.Ft. 

Laboi-  anil 
Material. 

Ei'pairs. 

Water,      Electric  Power. 

General. 

Taxes  and 
Insurance. 

3 

3;,' 

5 

7 

8 
13« 

28.7 
38.  SI 
34.5 
24.4 
23. R 
43  1 
44.4 

47.0 
23.3 
44.2 
4K.S 
47.0 
211.1 
26.0 

i'.ii 
3^3 

U.SI 
21.6 
16.2 
14.4 
18.5 
15.1 
2U.4 

■1.0 
14.6 

10.7 
7.1 
5.3 

5.4 

'5.1 
3.1 

3.9 

trusses,  one  along  either  side  of  the 
well  hole  and  at  about  20  ft.  above  the 
deck,  extend  from  the  bow  to  the  stern 
gauntree.  This  has  been  found  to  give 
stiffness  and  add  materially  to  the  wear- 
ing qualities  of  the  hull.  Athwartship 
distortion  is  taken  care  of  by  trusses 
under  the  main  drive  and  forward  of 
the  main  housing.  Partitions  of  heavy 
timber  forming  a  continuation  of  the 
sides  of  the  well  hole  run  the  full  length 
of  the  hull,  dividing  it  into  three  longi- 
tudinal compartments.  Partitions  of 
lighter  timber  extend  from  bow  to  stern, 
subdividing  the  outer  compartments.  An 
overhang  usually  of  4  to  6  ft.  is  usually 
provided  on  either  side  of  the  deck. 
Heavy  timbers  are  laid  crosswise  to  form 
the  bottom  framing  of  the  hull,  and  upon 
these,  between  compartments,  horizontal 
angle  braces,  butting  at  their  ends,  to 
form  a  lacing  across  the  hull.  This  gives 
rigidity  to  the  hull  and  takes  care  of  the 
excessive  strains  that  come  to  it  from 
the  spud. 

On  the  boats  of  the  Yuba  Consolidated 
Gold  Fields,  operating  near  Hammonton, 


cases  satisfactory  and  are  generally  used 
except  where  light  sandy  gravel  free  of 
clayey  material  is  being  handled,  in  which 
case  the  shaking  screen  is  considered 
advantageous. 

Another  general  tendency  has  been 
toward  increasing  the  area  of  the  gold- 
saving  tables.  Some  of  the  earlier  l]j- 
cu.ft.  Yuba  boats  only  have  gold  tables  of 
an  aggregate  area  of  about  900  sq.ft., 
while  on  the  later  boats  the  tables 
range  up  to  over  6000  sq.ft.  in  area. 
The  Hungarian  riffle  is  generally  pre- 
ferred to  the  axpanded-metal-and-cocoa- 
matting  type.  Few  if  any  gold-saving 
devices  to  supplement  the  tables  have 
proved  successful,  the  difficulty  always 
being  in  their  inability  to  handle  the 
requisite  amount  of  dirt. 

Dredge  Builders 

Up  to  1904,  W.  P.  Hammon,  who  prob- 
ably has  the  most  extensive  holdings  in 
the  dredging  industry  of  California,  con- 
tracted for  the  building  of  his  dredges, 
but  in  1907  organized  the  Yuba  Con- 
struction Company,  with  shops  at  Marys- 
ville,  Cal.  This  company  has  built  21 
boats  to  date,  all  of  which  are  operated 
by  companies  under  the  control  of  Mr. 
Hammon. 

The  Bucyrus,  Risdon  and  West- 
ern Engineering  and  Construction  com- 
panies have  built  most  of  the  other 
dredges  used  in  California.  A  consider- 
able amount  of  machinery  and  parts 
manufactured  by  the  Bucyrus  Company 
is  used  in  the  Yuba  and  Western  En- 
gineering   boats. 

The  Yuba  company  is  now  building 
three  13-cu.ft.  dredges:  the  No.  SNatoma 
for  the  Natomas  Consolidated  of  Califor- 
nia, which  company  will  erect  its 
own    dredge;     Yuba     No.     13     for    the 


Natoma  No.  I.    The  Largest  Dredge  Operating  in  California 


tables  on  the  old  Natoma  boats 
range,  between  2000  and  4000  sq. 
ft.  The  details  to  be  embodied  in  the 
construction  of  these  dredges  illustrate 
the  latest  ideas  in  dredge  building. 
Tables  III  and  IV  give  interesting  data 
as  to  the  dimensions  and  equipment  of 
a  number  of  California  dredges. 

HuiL — Weak  Point  of  Dredge 

The  difficulty  of  designing  a  hull  strong 
enough  to  stand  up  under  the  hard  ser- 
vice to  which  it  necessarily  must  be  sub- 
jected has  always  been  a  serious  obstacle 
in  dredge  building.  This  has  practically 
meant  that  the  life  of  the  hull  has  de- 
termined the  period  of  usefulness  of  the 
dredge.  On  one  California  boat  after  one 
and  one-half  years'  operation  the  distor- 
tion of  the  hull  measured  six  inches. 

According  to  the  latest  and  most  im- 
proved California  design  (shown  in  the 
accompanying  detail  drawing  furnished 
me  by  H.  G.  Peak,  former  superintendent 
for  the  Yuha  Construction  Company)  two 


buffer  plates  and  nests  of  heavy  steel 
car  springs  are  used  to  assist  in  tak- 
ing up  shocks  from  the  spuds.  On  each 
of  the  new  boats  being  built  by  the 
Yuba  Construction  Company,  a  steel 
casting  will  distribute  the  load  over  the 
stern.  This  casting  will  weigh  eight 
tons.  Each  boat  will  be  provided  with 
two  38x50-in.  by  70-ft.  steel  spuds 
with  10-ft.  steel  points,  and  weighing 
84,000  lb,  each.  The  main  cord  of  each 
spud  will  be  lined  on  the  edges  with 
Ix8x8-in.  angle  irons.  There  will  be 
a  guide  at  the  top  but  no  spud  casing  , 
will  be  required.  The  hull  of  the  Na-  i 
toma  No.  8  will  be  150x68  ft.  (58  ft. 
+  5  ft.  overhang)  and  12  ft.  6  in.  deep  1 
and  will  require  650,000  board  feet  of 
lumber  for  its  construction. 

Pumping    and    Electrical    Equipments 

The  pumping  equipment  of  the  new 
dredges  will  consist  of  two  14-in.  cen- 
trifugal pumps,  one  high-pressure  to 
supply    water    for    the    screen    and    for 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


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washing  the  dirt  and  one  low-pressure 
to  supply  water  for  use  on  the  gold- 
saving  tables;  also  two  2'. -in.  centri- 
fugal priming  pumps.  The  Natoma  No. 
8  will  in  addition  have  a  two-stage,  12- 
in.  monitor  pump  capable  of  producing 
a  200- ft.  head   of  water. 

The  Natoma  No.  8  boat  will  be  fitted 
with  Westinghouse  electrical  machinery; 
the  Boston  &  Idaho  and  the  No.  13 
Yuba  boats  with  General  Electric  motors. 
The  main-drive  motors  will  be  300  h.p., 
variable  speed,  carrying  full  load  on  any 
notch  of  the  controller.  The  motor  to 
drive  the  monitor  pump  on  the  Natoma 
boat  will  be  250  h.p.  The  high-pressure 
pumps  will  require  150  h.p.;  low-pres- 
sure, 75  h.p.;  the  auxiliary  or  priming 
pumps,  30  h.p.  each;  screendrive,75h.p.; 
stacl<ers,  60  h.p.;  winch  motors,  30  h.p.; 
auxiliaries  for  drills,  etc.,  5  h.p.  On  a 
number  of  the  more  modern  dredges  the 
transformers  are  sheltered  outside  of  the 
main  housing  in  asbestos-  and  tin-lined 
sheds. 

Machinery 
The  machinery  used  in  the  new  boats 
is  of  much  the  same  design  as  that  in 
the  previous  boats  put  out  by  the  Yuba 
company,  differing  only  in  a  few  details. 
In  the  original  5-cu.ft.  Oroville  boats 
the  upper  tumbler  shafts  were  9'j  in. 
in  diameter  and  fitted  with  nickel-steel 
sleeves.  On  the  Natoma  No.  8  this  shaft 
will  be  25  in.  in  diameter  and  built  of 
forged  nickel  steel. 

For  the  swinging  winch,  gearing  for 
speed  reduction  and  speed  change  will 
be  set  on  an  auxiliary  frame,  to  one  side 
of  the  main  winch,  making  it  more  ac- 
cessible and  thus  providing  for  saving 
time  on  repairing  and  changing  of  lines. 
Speed-change  clutches  will  be  of  the 
friction  type  instead  of  the  jaw  type 
commonly  used.  It  will  be  possible  to 
change  from  the  low  to  the  high  speed 
without  stopping  the  motor.  Ladder-hoist 
winches  and  main  drives  will  be  similar 
to,  but  heavier  than,  those  used  in 
dredges  heretofore  built. 

Revolving  Screen  in  Favor 
The  revolving-screen  drives  have  given 
trouble  on  account  of  slight  differences 
in  the  diameters  of  the  two  small  drive 
rollers  generally  used.  This  method  of 
driving  has,  therefore,  been  superseded, 
on  the  boats  being  built  at  the  present 
time  by  the  Yuba  company,  by  driving 
from  a  single  drive  roller  placed  cen- 
trally under  the  lower  end  of  the  screen. 
As  stated,  the  shaking  screen  has  only 
proved  advantageous  for  treating  light 
and  loose  gravelly  soil.  Where  clayey 
material  must  be  handled  it  has  been 
demonstrated  that  the  revolving  trommel 
is  necessary  in  order  to  break  up  the 
lumps  and  separate  the  material,  so  that 
the  gold  can  be  recovered.  On  the  No. 
1  Natoma  and  No.  4  Folsom  dredges, 
shaking  screens,  placed  one  above  the 
other,  are  used.     The  dimensions  of  these 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL  October  15,  1910. 

Disposal  of  Tailings  Expensive 


screens  are  given  in  Table  III.  The 
screens  are  ordinarily  run  at  about  120 
shakes  per  minute. 

Revolving  screens  are  ordinarily  sloped 
1'4  in.  to  1  ft.  They  are  made  in  sec- 
tions and  range  up  to  9  ft.  in  diameter 
and  to  a  length  of  51  ft.,  whicli  is  the 
size  of  the  screens  for  the  Natoma  No. 
8.  The  introduction  of  wash  water  un- 
der pressure  into  revolving  screens, 
from  headers  or  nozzles  situated  at  their 
lower  end,  is  now  strongly  advocated. 
This  scheme  is  being  adopted  on  a  num- 
ber of  the  dredges. 

T\xo-EYE  Bucket   More  Servicable 

The  close-connected,  in  preference  to 
the  open-link,  bucket  chain  is  in  general 
favor  in  California  dredge  practice,  al- 
though some  of  the  latter  type  are  still 
used.  The  buckets  consist  of  three  parts, 
i.e.,  bottom,  hood  and  lip.  In  the  most 
improved     construction    the    bottoms    are 


Bow  View  of  One  of  the  Older  Yuba 
Dreoges 

made  of  chrome-nickel  steel,  high-car- 
bon steel  containing  3  per  cent,  nickel 
or  of  Bucyrus  YZ  steel.  The  lips  are 
made  of  manganese  steel  and,  for  the 
.S-cu.ft  buckets,  are  1  in.  thick  and 
about  9  in.  long.  The  hoods  are  usually 
made  of  pressed  flange  steel  '.s  in.  thick; 
I -in.    rivets   are    used. 

The  three-eye  bucket  requires  a 
smaller  connecting  pin  than  does  the  two- 
eye.  For  instance,  8-cu.ft.,  three-eye 
buckets  require  only  5'j-in.  pins,  while 
two-eye  buckets  of  the  same  capacity  re- 
quire 6-in.  pins.  However,  the  two-eye 
buckets  have  one-third  more  surface  to 
take  up  the  wear  on  the  upper  tumblers 
and  as  the  bushings  are  in  one  piece  wear 
is  better  distributed  there  also.  The  two- 
eye  buckets  are  also  much  stronger,  the 
bottoms  being  less  cut  up.  The  8-cu.ft. 
buckets  weigh  2800  lb.  each;  13-cu.ft., 
from   3600   to   4000   lb.   each. 


Pan  stackers  for  the  disposal  of  tail- 
ings seem  to  have  gone  out  of  favor  on 
California  dredges,  as  practically  all  of 
the  present  boats  use  rubber  convey- 
ing belts.  On  the  Folsom  No.  6  the  belt 
is  32  in.  wide  and  317  ft.  long,  being  run 
at  360  ft.  per  min.  The  conveyer  ele- 
vates tailings  at  an  angle  of  22  deg.  from 
the  horizontal,  which  is  about  the  maxi- 
mum inclination  permissible.  The  trough- 
ing  idlers  used  with  this  belt  are:  an 
8  X  10-in.  central,  horizontal  idler  with 
1.14-in.  bore  and  on  each  side  an  8x11- 
in.  idler  set  at  45  deg.  to  the  horizontal. 
The  return  suspended  idlers  are  8x36 
in.  with  1^-in.  bore.  On  the  new  boats 
42-in.  belts  136  ft.  long  and  supplied 
with  silent  chain  drives  will  be  used. 
A  32-in.  belt  of  seven-ply  rubber  costs 
from  $7  to  S8  per  lineal  ft.  and  only 
wears  from  90  to  140  days,  so  it  is 
evident  that  there  is  still  room  for  im- 
provement on  this  feature  of  the  opera- 
tion. 

Gasolene  Dredge  for  Alaskan  Use 

The  Yuba  company  is  building  a  3'<- 
cu.ft.  for  the  Wild  Goose  Mining  and 
Trading  Company,  Charles  Monroe, 
manager.  It  will  be  used  at  Nome.  It 
will  dig  to  a  depth  of  15  ft.  and  draw 
when  equipped  3  ft.  4  in.  of  water.  The 
revolving  screen  will  be  4  ft.  6  in.  in 
diameter  and  23  ft.  long.  A  belt  con- 
veyer 28  in.  wide  and  55  ft.  long,  be- 
tween centers  of  pulleys,  will  be  supplied. 
Water  supply  will  be  from  one  10-in. 
centrifugal  pump. 

The  digging  ladder  will  be  of  the  lat- 
tice-girder type  and  the  main  drive  of  the 
same  general  description  as  is  used  on 
larger  dredges  of  recent  design,  driving 
from  both  ends  of  the  upper  tumbler 
shaft.  This  shaft  will  be  a  nickel-steel 
forging,  9' J  inches  in  diameter.  The 
buckets  will  be  miniatures  of  those  used 
on  the  largest  dredges  and  will  consist  of 
high-carbon  base  casting,  one-piece 
pressed-steel  hood  and  a  manganese  lip  1 
in.  thick  and  8  in.  wide.  The  general  con- 
structional details  will  be  carried  out  in 
the  same  style  as  in  the  other  larger  boats 
built  by  the  same  company. 

Steel-hull  Dredge  for  Colombia 

A  steel-hull  dredge  is  being  built  by 
the  Yuba  company  for  use  on  the  Mag- 
dalena  river  in  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia. This  boat  will  dig  to  a  depth  of 
36  ft.,  and  be  operated  by  electric  power 
generated  in  the  hydroelectric  plant  that 
is  now  being  constructed.  The  largest 
piece  of  wood  on  this  dredge  will  be 
the  friction  block  on  the  break  band. 
Buckets  will  be  of  8'<  cu.ft.  capacity. 
Steel-hull  dredges  have  been  built  be- 
fore, but  in  so  far  as  I  am  able  tn  learn 
have  never  been  run  long  enough  for  a 
satisfactory  trial. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


769 


Electrolytic  Refining  in  Australia — II 

The  Electrolyte  Cheaply  and   Efficiently  Filtered.      Impurities  Removed 
in  Separate  Electrolytic  Tanks.      Dore  Parted  on  the  Moebius  Principle 


B  Y 


H.        B  L  A  K  E  M  O  R  E  = 


In  the  first  part  of  this  article  some 
assays  were  given  of  the  gold  and  silver 
content  of  the  electrolyte  before  and  after 
filtering.  A  great  number  of  assays  could 
be  quoted  to  show  the  efficacy  of  filtering 
the  solution.  Circumstances  constantly 
arise  which  help  to  stir  up  the  settled 
slime,  such  as  too  rapid  a  feed  of  fresh 
electrolyte,  too  much  air  used  in  agita- 
tion, or  the  cleaning  of  a  large  number  of 
tanks  in  the  same  day. 

The  system  in  use  for  cleaning  the 
tanks  was  so  defective  that  upon  refilling 
the  tanks,  all  the  mud  left  behind  was 
stirred  up,  and  much  of  it  flowed  on 
through  each  tank  in  series  before  it  es- 
caped to  the  sump. 

A  number  of  assays  of  nodules  of  cop- 
per from  the  first  cathode  in  the  first  tank 
of  the  series  of  eight,  showed  the  loss 
of  gold  and  silver  caused  by  the  slime 
adhering  to  the  rough  faces  of  the  ca- 
thodes. The  first  cathode  in  the  first  tank 
was  taken  for  the  reason  that  the  fresh 
feed  of  unfiltered  electrolyte  was  de- 
livered close  to  it. 

The  assays  pointed  to  the  usefulness  of 
iltering  the  whole  of  the  electrolyte,  and 
1  sand  filter  is  efficient,  cheap,  and  easily 
;leaned.  The  first  sand  filter  after  it  had 
5een  in  use  only  a  few  hours  gave  an 
issay  of  0.652  oz.  of  gold  and  3.918  oz. 
)f  silver  per  ton  for  the  first  few  inches 
)f  the  top  layer  of  the  sand.  A  second 
tssay  from  a  filter  in  use  for  some  weeks 
;ave,  4.952  oz.  of  gold  and  23.243  oz.  of 
ilver  per  ton.  The  benefit  of  the  sand 
'Iter  was  apparent  in  the  reduction  of  the 
;old  and  silver  content  of  the  electrolytic 
oppef. 

MPURiTiES  IN  Electrolyte  Removed  by 
Electrolysis 

The  impurities  in  Great    Cobar   copper 

•  ere  so  small  in  amount  that  the  refinery 

•  as  run  for  a  period  of  four  years  with- 
ut  eliminating  them  from  the  electrolyte. 
hey  consisted  chiefly  of  iron,  aluminum, 
mall  amounts  of  arsenic  and  bismuth 
nd  a  faint  trace  of  nickel.  One  analysis 
■as:  1.28  per  cent.  Fe.  (S0<),;  1.26 
>L-  (SO,)  ;  0.025  Bi;  0.73  gram  As  O 
er  liter,  with  some  gold  and  silver  in 
uspension  and  a  trace  of  nickel. 

'  Cleaning  of  the  electrolyte  by  elec- 
"olysis,  using  lead  anodes  and  a  non-cir- 
lUlating  electrolyte,  was  tried,  with  the  re- 
jult  that  in  three  days'  time  the  electro- 

I  XnTK-  -Alistracf  nf  a  pnpi-r  In  tin-  Kcliniarv 
'III.  iif  \tif  Aiistralaslnn  Instllntc  of  Jllnlnj; 
nglnoprs. 

•Mlnlnc     .■nciiu'Pr     and      mpfallui-),'Isi.      In 
astlcpp.ii;),    stippt,    Sydnp.v.    N.    S.    \V. 


lyte  was  freed  from  bismuth,  and  the 
arsenic  reduced  to  a  low  percentage  with- 
in a  week.  During  a  temporary  suspen- 
sion of  work  a  large  portion  of  the  elec- 
trolyte was  purified,  and  it  seems  to  me 
that  this  method  might  readily  be  used  if 
a  separate  storage  sump  could  be  ar- 
ranged to  receive  the  purified  solution. 
By  using  a  separate  feed,  little  extra 
stock  of  electrolyte  would  be  required. 

As  the  purified  electrolyte  was  pro- 
duced it  could  be  run  to  the  new  storage, 
and  as  fast  as  enough  gathered  to  supply 
one  series  of  tanks,  the  latter  could  be 
filled,  and  by  a  little  ingenuity,  the  over- 
flow from  these  returned  to  the  clean 
supply.  If  the  tanks  are  arranged  in  sets 
of  three,  containing  1000  gal.  in  each 
set,  the  extra  storage  room  for  the  new 
supply  need  only  be  about   1000  gallons. 

The  arsenic,  bismuth,  etc.,  are  precipi- 
tated with  the  copper.  From  the  analyses 
made,  it  appears  that  the  copper  does  not 
readily  deposit  after  the  solution  gets  as 
low  as  2.1  per  cent,  in  copper.  The  last 
day  the  copper  increased  by  0.37  per  cent, 
but  this  was  most  likely  due  to  the  re- 
solution of  some  of  tlie  copper  deposited. 
The  copper  assayed:  99.3  Cu,  0.022  Bi, 
and  0.168  per  cent.  As,  with  a  conduct- 
ivity by  Matthiessen's  standard  of  only 
54.3  per  cent. 

Lawrence  Addicks  has  pointed  out  the 
effect  of  small  quantities  of  arsenic  on 
the  conductivity  of  copper,  and  these  tests 
are  an  instance  entirely  supporting  his 
conclusion.  I  do  not  know  if  this  method 
of  purifying  an  electrolyte  of  bismuth 
and  arsenic  has  ever  been  used  outside 
of  Lithgow,  but  it  seems  to  me  to  have 
possibilities.  The  tests  were  made  on 
several  thousand  gallons  of  electrolyte. 

Chlorine  in  Electrolyte  Causes  a 
Slight  Increase  in  Conductivity 

At  one  period  the  electrolyte  was  free 
from  chlorine,  and  having  seen  it  stated 
that  the  presence  of  chlorine  was  bene- 
ficial, a  trial  was  made,  with  the  result 
that  the  gold  and  silver  content  of  elec- 
trolytic copper  increased.  Before  its  ad- 
dition in  1907,  the  electrolytic  copper  car- 
ried 5  to  16  grains  of  gold  and  5  to  6  dwt. 
of  silver  per  ton. 

The  anodes  from  which  this  elec- 
trolytic copper  were  made  assayed  about 
3  oz.  of  gold  and  20  oz.  of  silver.  The 
quantity  of  chlorine  added  was  equal  to 
0.04  gram  per  liter  of  solution  or  electro- 
lyte so  that  for  a  volume  of  98,150  gal.  of 
electrolyte  44  lb.  nf  pure  hydrochloric  aicd 
were  added. 


Hydrochloric  acid  had  to  be  added  at 
regular  intervals,  but  the  percentage  of 
chlorine  in  the  electrolyte  was  not  kept 
constant.  One  month  after  the  first  addi- 
tion of  chlorine,  the  amount  in  the 
electrolyte  was  0.395  gram  per  liter,  a 
month  lat-r  0.028  gram,  falling  at  times 
to  0.011  gram.  It  was  found  that  the 
presence  of  this  amount  of  chlorine  had  a 
good  but  slight  effect  on  the  conductivity 
of  the  copper.  Usually  the  conductivity 
averaged  100  per  cent.,  Matthiessen's 
standard;  after  the  chlorine  wa^  added 
less  than  100  per  cent,  conductivity  was 
rarely  noted  and  many  times  it  ran  close 
to   102  per  cent. 

Gold  and  Silver  Content  of  Copper 
Increased  with  Chlorine  Present 

The  gold  and  silver  content  rose  stead- 
ily in  the  electrolytic  copper,  until  it 
reached  nearly  3  dwt.  of  gold  and  over  2 
oz.  of  silver.  Finally  the  use  of  hydro- 
chloric acid  was  discontinued,  when  the 
gold  and  silver  began  to  fall  as  the 
chlorine  was  slowly  exhausted  from  the 
electrolyte.  This  matter  of  gold  and  silver 
increase  is  an  important  point,  and  it 
would  be  interesting  to  know  if  similar 
results  are  obtained  in  other  refineries. 

The  cause  of  the  increase  was  at- 
tribu;ed  by  me  to  the  supposition  that  the 
temperature  of  the  electrolyte  may  have 
assisted  the  free  sulphuric  acid  to  attack 
some  of  the  finely  divided  slime.  The 
chlorine  present  would  naturally  react 
upon  it  and  produce  a  flocculent  precipi- 
tate of  silver  chloride.  This  would  read- 
ily float,  catching,  possibly,  particles  of 
slime  and  then  becoming  entangled  on 
the  rough  excrescences  of  the  cathodes, 
be  buried  in  the  deposited  copper. 

Hauling  the  Scrap  from  the  Elec- 
trolytic Tanks 

The  mud  is  taken  from  the  tanks  at 
regular  intervals.  In  large  works  it  is 
found  advantageous  to  run  the  contents 
of  the  tank  to  be  cleaned  straight  to  a 
sump  where  the  slime  or  mud  is  filtered. 
At  Lithgow  the  top  layer  of  clear  solu- 
tion was  siphoned  off  and  the  mud  re- 
moved by  bailing  into  a  lead-lined  box  on 
wheels.  This  was  taken  to  the  mud  refin- 
ing room,  hoisted  off  the  wheels,  and  the 
contents  poured  into  the  storage  tanks 
through  a  copper  sieve  to  remove  the 
coarse  particles  of  copper. 

This  "mud  scrap"  is  well  washed  to  re- 
move the  mud  and  returned  at  intervals 
to  a  reverberatory  furnace  and  melted  in 
separate  charges  to  mud-scrap  anodes  as 


770 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


distinguished  from  scrap  anodes  or  or- 
dinary anodes.  Ttiey  are  then  returned  to 
the  electrolytic  plant  for  separation.  The 
percentage  of  scrap  made  in  the  deposit- 
ins  tanks  runs  from  8.5  to  9.5  per  cent, 
of  the  weight  of  the  anodes  treated.  In 
most  American  works  the  percentage  runs 
from  10  to  15,  because  they  remove  all 
the  anodes  at  one  time. 

Treatment  ©f  the  Electrolytic  Mud 

The  mud  is  washed  fairly  free  from 
sulphate  of  copper,  slowly  dried  in  steel- 
plate  trays,  and  then  heated  to  a  dull  red 
both  to  get  rid  of  the  tallow  and  alter  the 
mechanical  conditions  of  the  graphite, 
with  which  the  starting  sheets  were  ori- 
ginally coated.  Before  the  practice  of 
heating  the  mud  was  adopted,  it  was 
found  impossible  to  get  the  copper  out 
of  the  mud  except  after  days  of  boiling 
with  sulphuric  acid,  and  even  then,  as 
much  as  40  per  cent,  of  it  remained  in  the 
residue. 

It  might  be  added  that  this  high  per- 
centage of  copper  existed  some  years  ago, 
before  it  was  decided  to  keep  the  free 
acid  content  of  the  electrolyte  above  10 
per  cent.  Since  the  temperature  of  the 
electrolyte  has  been  raised  and  main- 
tained at  a  definite  point  and  as  the  acid 
content  increased,  the  copper  in  the  mud 
has  fallen  from  above  55  to  as  low  as 
15.5  per  cent.  One  analysis  of  the  mud 
before  raising  the  acid  content  was:  46.84 
Cu,  2.21  S,  0.201  Al.O:  and  Fe.O.,,  0.654 
Se  and  Te,  0.707  Bi,  9.58  insoluble  resi- 
due, and  22.6  per  cent,  grease  and  graph- 
ite; 1.45  per  cent,  gold,  15.72  per  cent. 
silver,  and  traces  of  As,  Sb  and  Ni. 

Mud  Freed  of  Copper  by  Boiling 

WITH   H,SO, 

The  mud  usually  contains  from  24  to 
28  per  cent,  copper,  not  in  the  form  of 
sulphate,  which  is  dissolved  with  H^SO,. 
After  heating,  about  400  lb.  of  mud  are 
boiled  with  300  lb.  of  concentrated  H.SO,, 
of  1.830  sp.  gr.  in  a  cast-iron  pan 
covered  with  a  hood  to  take  away  the 
sulphur  trioxide  fumes.  In  about  four 
hours  the  copper  is  reduced  to  0.3  per 
cent.  The  residue  is  then  washed,  dried, 
and  melted  with  bicarbonate  of  soda  in  a 
small  cupel  furnace  to  dore  bullion,  which 
usually  assays  about  12  to  16  per  cent, 
gold  and  82  to  86  per  cent,  silver.  Va- 
rious fluxes  were  tried  such  as,  carbonate 
of  soda,  sand  and  nitrate  of  potash, 
mixed  in  different  proportions;  soda  and 
nitrate  of  potash  together;  sand  and  car- 
bonate of  soda;  and,  finally,  carbonate  of 
soda  alone.  The  latter  has  the  advantage 
of  producing  a  clean  dore  bullion  ready 
for  the  parting  plant. 

The  method  used  at  Lithgow  was  rapid 
and  satisfactory.  No  attempt  was  made 
to  save  the  selenium,  although  at  one 
time  a  selenium  matte  was  occasionally 
produced  in  smelting  the  slime  in  the 
cupel  furnace.    This  matte  ran  about  50 


per  cent,  in  copper  and  10  to  14  per  cent, 
selenium.  The  total  cost  per  ounce  of 
dore  produced,  to  treat  the  mud  is  about 
2.21  pence. 

Dore  Parted  in  Small  Tanks  on  the 
MoEBius  Principle 

The  dore  bullion  is  parted  in  a  small 
tank  on  the  Moebius  principle  using  a 
current  of  150  to  200  amp.  at  two  to  three 
volts.  Each  tank  contains  eight  dore 
anodes,  8x6x'j  in.,  weighing  8  to  10  lb., 
and  one  cathode  of  silver  plate  of  which 
2  ft.  3  in.  x  1  ft.  1 1  in.  is  actively  im- 
mersed in  the  electrolyte.  The  electrolyte 
for  this  parting  plant  when  freshly  made 
contains  15  oz.  silver  to  the  gallon  in  the 
form  of  nitrate,  but  this  proportion 
changes  considerably  in  the  course  of  the 
work.  Each  tank  contains  about  12  gal. 
of  the  solution. 

The  anodes,  inclosed  in  calico  bags  so 
as  to  collect  the  gold  as  it  separates,  are 
hung  by  hooks  to  the  positive  lead.  The 
silver  collects  on  the  cathode  in  crystal- 
line form  and  as  it  grows  rapidly  in  long 
crystals,  it  is  likely  to  cause  short  cir- 
cuits. To  avoid  this  moving  wooden  arms 
pass  backward  and  forward  sweeping  the 
silver  from  the  cathode  as  fast  as  it 
forms,  into  a  wooden  tray  below. 

In  large  plants,  like  those  in  operation 
at  Perth  Amboy  in  America,  20,000  oz.  of 
dore  are  treated  per  day,  and  in  such 
plants  it  pays  to  extract  gold  if  it  is  as  low 
as  one-five  thousandth  part  of  the  total 
bullion.  The  crystalline  deposit  may  be 
changed  in  character  by  the  addition  of  a 
colloidal  compound,  such  as  gelatin,  but 
there  is  little  necessity  for  it  in  a  plant 
treating  small  quantities.  In  larger  plants 
various  improvements  have  been  made  in 
the  original  Moebius  design,  such  as  sub- 
stituting a  traveling  band  of  silver  for  the 
cathode  instead  of  a  stationary  one.  For 
small  quantities  of  dore  up  to  3000  oz. 
per  week  or  more,  the  small  plant  at  Lith- 
gow was  entirely  satisfactory. 

The  gold  caught  in  the  calico  bags  is 
in  a  finely  divided  condition  and  looks 
like  black  mud.  It  was  heated  in  porce- 
lain jars  with  pure  nitric  acid  to  cleanse 
it  of  any  excess  silver  and  then  fused, 
giving  a  fineness  of  from  0.990  to  0.998. 

The  silver  crystals  alter  collecting  and 
fusing  had  a  fineness  of  not  less  than 
996,  while  the  gold  content  of  the  bar  sil- 
ver was  insignificant.  The  average  cost 
of  parting  12,593  oz.  of  dore  was  about 
0.441d.  per  oz.  The  composition  of  the 
cupel  used  in  fusing  the  silver- was;  140 
parts  marble.  57  cement,  57  lime  and  28 
fire  clay.  Later  the  constituents  of  the 
cupel  were  cement  and  sand  alone. 

Electrolyte  in  Parting  Plant  Re- 
newed When  Copper  Content 
Reaches  4.5  Per  Cent. 

Before  the  copper  in  the  electrolyte 
used  in  the  parting  plant  exceeded  4.5  per 
cent,  it  was  replaced  by  a  fresh  solution. 


This  was  accomplished  by  pouring  the 
foul  electrolyte  into  a  glazed  pottery  jar 
of  20  gal.  capacity  having  a  few  thin  ca- 
thodes of  electrolytic  copper.  These 
rapidly  precipitate  the  silver  which  is  col- 
lected and  melted  in  the  cupel  furnace 
and  again  parted  in  the  Moebius  plant. 
The  copper  in  the  solution  is  precipitated 
with  a  little  scrap  iron  and  returned  to 
the  reverberatory  furnace. 

No  solutions  are  allowed  to  escape  un- 
til they  are  tested  and  shown  to  be  free 
from  silver,  copper  and  gold.  In  the  mud 
treatment,  after  boiling  with  sulphuric 
acid,  it  may  happen  that  a  little  of  the  sil- 
ver goes  into  solution.  Consequently  all 
solutions  and  washings  from  the  mud  are 
passed  through  wooden  tanks  containing 
scrap  copper  which  precipitates  any  silver 
in  solution. 

Costs 

The  cost  of  an  electrolytic  tank  of  the 
new  type  of  construction  at  Lithgow,  in- 
cluding all  material  and  copper  conduc- 
tors was  £16  8s.  lOd.  Prior  to  the  gen- 
eral installation  of  this  design  of  tank, 
one  dynamo  had  been  fitted  with  100  of 
the  improved  tanks,  and  tested  for  14 
weeks  against  the  other  four  dynamos  in 
circuit  on  tanks  of  the  old  design.  The 
results  were  that  with  the  improved  de- 
sign the  output  exceeded  the  tonnage  of 
the  best  of  the  other  four  by  over  31  tons, 
while  the  efficiency  was  93.4  per  cent,  as 
against  an  average  of  73.6  per  cent,  for 
the  others. 

The  total  cost  of  electrolytic  copper  per 
ton  was  £2  18s.  9.58d.  This  cost  might 
be  greatly  reduced  by  the  installation  of 
casting  machines  at  the  melting  furnace. 
The  labor  could  be  lowered  at  least  3s. 
per  ton.  The  copper  from  each  furnace 
refining  from  10  to  16  tons  per  day,  was 
all  hand  ladled  by  four  men  using  8-in. 
ladles,  which  cost  £33  per  ton  in  Sydney, 
312  ladles  weighing  one  ton. 

No  interest  charge  is  included  in  the 
above  cost.  The  amount  of  copper  in 
leads,  connections,  electrolyte,  and  an- 
odes in  course  of  treatment  was  approxi- 
mately 413  tons.  This  was  for  an  out- 
put of  from  90  to  100  tons  of  electrolytic 
copper  per  week. 

Analysis  by  H.  Schroeder,  late  chemist 
and  works  manager  at  Lithgow  of  Great 
Cobar  electrolytic  copper  gave:  0.00012 
Au,  0.00237  Ag,  0.0025  Pb,  0.00025  Bi, 
0.0006  As,  0.00071  Sb,  a  trace  of  Zn,, 
0.017  Fe  and  99.94732  per  cent.  Cu.  No 
nickel  was  present. 


The  Western  Pacific  railrsad  between 
Salt  Lake  City  and  San  Francisco  v/as 
opened  for  passenger  service  Aug.  22. 
1910.  Freight  has  been  handled  since 
Dec.  1,  1909.  The  road  is  927  miles  long, 
and  gives  access  to  a  new  mineral  sec- 
tion in  both  Utah  and  Nevada.  The  new 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  station,  which  was 
opened  at  Salt  Lake  on  Aug.  19  is  used 
by  this  road. 


October  15.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 

Capitalization    of    Small    Mines 


771 


BY  A.  W.  WARWICK* 


There  is  hardly  any  question  that  many 
enterprises  are  started  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  be  foredoomed  to  failure.  Mining, 
to  be  successful,  must  be  conducted  ac- 
cording to  certain  definite  principles.  If 
these  principles  are  disregarded  or  vio- 
lated and  a  failure  occurs,  the  blame 
should  not  be  laid  at  the  door  of  min- 
ing, but  should  be  assigned  to  some  other 
cause. 

.Mortality   Among   Companies   Insuffi- 
ciently Financed  Discredits  Mining 

The  mortality  among  mining  companies 
is  alarming  and  naturally  reflects  great 
discredit  upon  the  business  of  mining.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  a  large  percentage  of 
failures  in  such  cases  is  not  due  to  the 
risky  nature  of  the  mining  industry,  but 
to  the  enterprises  being  started  in  such  a 
way  as  to  eliminate  practically  all  the 
possibilities  of  success  that  the  mine  had. 
Larger  companies  with  ample  capital  at 
their  command  can  remedy  many  of  the 
mistakes  made.  Moreover,  "the  larger  en- 
terprises, having  a  higher  order  of  tech- 
nical ability  at  their  command,  not  only 
in  the  field  but  in  the  directorate,  make 
fewer  mistakes.  The  smaller  companies 
are  usually  financed  in  such  an  inade- 
quate manner  that  any  mistake  may  be 
fatal  to  the  entire  business. 

Cost  of  a  Ten  Sta.mp  Mill 

A  recent  case  in  point  will  illustrate 
hese  remarks.  A  company  operating  in 
Nevada  recently  undertook  to  equip  its 
nine  with  a  10-stamp  mill.  It  was  esti- 
•nated  that  the  mill  would  cost  S15,000. 
In  order  to  take  care  of  all  contingencies, 
1  capital  of  S20,000  w^.s  raised.  The 
directors,  having  a  well-opened  little  mine 
showing  15.000  tons  of  good  ore,  had 
-■omplete  confidence  that  with  this  cap- 
tal  they  could  carry  the  enterprise 
hrough  to  a  successful  issue. 

Even  if  the  mine  comes  up  to  the  ex- 
sectations  and  even  if  the  mill  only  costs 
515,000,  there  can  be  hardly  any  ques- 
ion  that  the  company  with  only  S20,000 
:apital  would  be  on  financial  rocks  before 
he  mill  can  possibly  commence  to  earn 
1  revenue.  The  minimum  capital  required 
is  at  least  $35,000.  It  appears  obvious 
that  if  a  capital  of  S35,000  be  required 
,and  only  520,000  were  provided,  there 
is  grave  danger  not  only  that  the  enter- 
arise  would  become  financially  em- 
barrassed but  there  is  a  real  danger  of 
an  almost  entire  loss  of  the  capital  in- 
vested. 


•Mining    pnglneer,    McPhee    biiildlnK.     I)pn- 
Ivcr,  Colo. 


Methods  of  Financing  a  Small 
Co.mpany 

The  usual  methods  of  financing  a  small 
company  arc  ridiculous  in  the  extreme. 
The  usual  method  is  to  make  a  rough 
guess  that  the  work  is  going  to  cost  so 
much  and  then  multiply  by  a  factor  in 
order  to  provide  for  contingencies.  This 
is  exceedingly  unbusiness-like  and  en- 
genders false  hopes  as  to  what  can  be 
done.  These  hopes  not  materializing, 
dissension  ensues  and  it  is  difficult  to 
straighten  out  the  financial  tangle  at  the 
most  critical  period  of  the  company's  life. 
The  only  satisfactory  method  is  to  calcu- 
late carefully  the  needs  of  the  entire 
business,  step  by  step,  and  then,  after 
summing  up  the  various  items,  make  an 
allowance    for   unforeseen   contingencies. 

In  case  of  the  lO-stamp  mill  referred 
to,  it  seemed  reasonable  that  the  mini- 
mum capital  required  was  535,000.  It  was 
agreed  that  under  the  conditions  of  the 
property  515,000  was  sufficient  to  erect 
the  mill.  The  extra  sum  of  $5000  was 
entirely  inadequate  to  carry  the  business 
through  to  a  paying  basis. 

It  is  rarely  the  case  that  a  mining  com- 
pany can  cut  off  every  expense  except 
that  of  mill  building  during  the  period  of 
construction.  There  are  certain  fixed 
charges  that  have  to  be  met.  Almost  in- 
variably some  additional  preparatory 
work  must  be  done  in  the  mine  in  order 
that  the  ore  can  be  economically  extracted 
and  sent  to  the  mill.  During  the  develop- 
ment stage  of  the  mine,  the  work  of  pre- 
paring stopes,  etc.,  is  not  usually  done, 
especially  in  small  enterprises.  In  the 
case  in  question,  it  was  obviously  neces- 
sary to  spend  a  little  money  in  the  mine 
every  month  during  the  period  of  mill 
building  in  order  that  the  mine  might  be 
able  to  respond  later  to  the  demands  of 
the  mill.  In  the  mine  referred  to  an  ex- 
penditure of  .$800  per  month  during  the 
period  of  mill  building  was  obviously 
needed. 

Time  Required  for  Construction 

When  the  directorate  decides  on  the 
erection  of  a  mill,  a  month  will  usually 
elapse  in  preparing  plans  and  specifica- 
tions and  in  placing  the  order.  The  man- 
ufacturers will  usually  require  from  60 
to  90  days  after  receiving  the  order  be- 
fore loading  the  machinery  on  the  c.rs. 
At  least  another  month  will  pass  before 
it  can  he  assembled  on  the  ground.  Un- 
der ordinary  circumstances  five  months 
will  have  elapsed  before  the  work  of 
erecting  the  mill  will  actually  commence. 
Assuming  that  it  will  require  three  months 
to   erect   the   mill,   under  normal   condi- 


tions about  eight  months  will  slip  aw-ay 
between  the  time  the  directorate  decides 
to  erect  the  mill  and  the  date  of  getting 
i;  into  operation.  The  chances  are  all  in 
favor  of  this  time  being  extended. 

However,  taking  eight  months  as  a  rea- 
sonable length  of  time,  the  company  will 
have  expended  about  56500  in  addition  to 
the  515,000  which  we  have  assumed  as 
the  cost  of  mill  construction.  Therefore, 
before  the  mill  turns  a  wheel,  the  com- 
pany will  have  expended  every  dollar  it 
has  raised  and  possibly  be  in  debt  from 
$1000  to  52000. 

The  directorate  cheerfully  assumes,  in 
many  cases,  that  the  minute  the  stamps 
begin  to  drop  profits  will  begin  to  roll  in. 
Anyone  who  has  had  milling  experience 
knows  that  the  moment  a  mill  starts  up 
the  troubles  of  the  manager  commence. 
Every  error  in  planning,  construction  or 
manufacturing  becomes  apparent  and 
there  is  usually  a  period  of  tuning  up  and 
reconstruction.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  a 
new  mill  will  cost  25  per  cent,  of  the 
original  cost  in  order  to  make  changes 
and  repairs  to  broken  parts,  etc.  In  the 
case  under  consideration  this  will  amount 
to  between  53000  and  54000. 

First  Month's  Cleanup 

During  the  first  month  of  operation,  the 
mill  does  well  if  it  runs  half  time.  Dur- 
ing the  time  that  it  is  running  its  work 
will  not  be  efficient  and  a  poor  saving  will 
be  made.  Then  on  cleaning  up  at  the  end 
of  the  first  month  only  a  small  percentage 
of  the  product  actually  saved  can  be  ob- 
tained. It  is  within  the  bounds  of  prob- 
ability that  the  cleanup  of  the  first  month 
will  not  amount  to  more  than  one-fourth 
of  the  normal  output  of  the  mill.  In  the 
case  cited  the  norma!  output  should  be 
about  510,000  a  month  and  in  this  case 
an  output  of  .52500  is  all  that  can  be 
counted  upon  as  a  result  of  the  first 
month's  operation. 

This  state  of  affairs  is  not  only  under- 
standable by  the  experienced  mining  man 
but  is  anticipated.  To"  the  director  of 
the  typical  small  company  the  result  of 
the  first  cleanup  is  apt  to  he  equivalent  to 
a  blow  in  tire  face  and  usually  he  is  ready 
to  close  down,  much  less  put  in  fresh  cap- 
ital. At  the  end  of  the  month  the  ex- 
penses will  amount  to  about  55000  and  ■ 
all  the  company  has  on  hand  to  meet 
these  is  a  product  worth  only  52500.  It 
will  take  some  time  to  market  this  pro- 
ducts and  it  is  fair  to  assume  in  this  case 
that  from  20  to  30  days  would  be  re- 
quired to  realize  on  the  mill  products,  but 
in  the  mean  time  the  55000  expense  ac- 
count has  to  be  met. 


772 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


. .    .f(i.r,oii 

.  .     15,000 

4,ono 

5,000 
2,50(1 


No  Profits  till  Third  Month 
During  the  second  month  the  affairs  of 
the  mine  and  mill  will  be  running  more 
smoothly  and  the  mill  under  ordinary  cir- 
cumstances will  be  making  better  time 
and  closer  savings.  At  the  end  of  the 
month  the  mill  in  question  might  make  a 
saving  of  S7500,  but  meantime  another 
S5000  becomes  due  and  all  the  company 
has  on  hand  is  the  S2500  received  on  ac- 
count of  the  sales  of  the  previous  month's 
product.  It  is  obvious  that  S2500  must  be 
provided  from  capital  in  order  to  meet  the 
second  month's  obligations.  Thereafter 
if  there  are  no  accidents,  and  if  normal 
conditions  prevail,  the  property  will  take 
care  of  itself. 

SUiMMATlON   OF   NECESSARY   FUNDS 

We  now  see  that  ten  months  have 
elapsed  since  the  time  the  directorate  de- 
cided to  build  a  mill  and  the  time  the 
property  becomes  self-sustaining,  even  if 
everything  goes  according  to  calculations. 
Under  such  conditions  a  summation  of 
the  costs  will  show  that  the  capital  that 
should  have  been  provided  will  aggregate 
S33,000  as  a  minimum. 

Fixed   charges   of   mini' 

Cost  of  mill   coustractioii 

Alterations    and    repairs 

rirst   month's   expenses 

Second    month's    expenses 

Total    *33,OOo 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  these  estimates  do 
not  provide  for  any  contingencies  and 
any  wise  board  of  directors  would  take 
care  to  provide  a  contingent  fund  to  meet 
underestimates  and  unexpected  expenses. 
Calling  this  S7000  we  have  as  a  reason- 
able minimum  capitalization  S40,000  net 
cash  required  for  the  erection  and  opera- 
tion of  a  10-stamp  mill  until  it  comes  to 
a  paying  basis.  To  attempt  to  carry  on 
the  enterprise  for  less  simply  invites 
failure. 

A  second  point  to  be  considered  is  that 
this  money  should  be  furnished  promptly 
since  the  estimates  do  not  contain  any 
allowance  for  increased  cost  due  to  de- 
lays. In  constructing  a  mill  in  an  isolated 
spot  it  is  impossible  to  do  the  work  cheap- 
ly unless  it  goes  along  steadily.  Men 
working  in  an  isolated  mining  camp  can- 
not be  laid  off  at  a  moment's  notice  and 
kept  on  hand  without  pay.  The  result 
is  that  every  delay  is  exceedingly  ex- 
pensive in  most  .mining  regions.  This 
failure  to  supply  the  requisite  amount  of 
capital  to  the  mine  in  its  early  stage  of 
development  is  the  most  fruitful  cause  of 
mining  wrecks.  The  western  country  is 
covered  with  mills  that  have  barely 
started  up  and  then  closed  down  for  iust 
such   reasons   as  those   indicated. 


Useful    Clues    for  the  Mining 
Geologist 

By  W.  H.  Hendrickson* 


The  Calumet  60-ft.  sand  wheel  of  the 
Calumet  &  Hecla  Mining  Company  is 
now  being  run  by  a  rope  drive  from  the 
motor  to  the  gpiring.  This  gives  most 
satisfactorv  results  and  entirely  eliminates 
the  difficulties  experienced  with  the  di- 
rect drive. 


The  solution  of  geological  problems  in 
mining  may  often  be  more  profitably  ap- 
proached from  the  three  points  of  view 
of  the  prospector,  the  miner  and  the  en- 
gineer, than  from  the  single  view  point 
of  the  geologist. 

The  geologist  will  naturally  note  the 
various  prominent  surface  phenomena 
that  are  so  important  to  the  prospector. 
He  will  be  on  the  lookout  for  the  ragged 
skyline,  fault  scarps  and  gulches,  discon- 
tinuous, brecciated  or  folded  strata,  dikes 
and  their  contacts,  changes  in  vegetation 
and  soil,  significant  variations  in  erosion, 
fossils,  mineral  outcrops,  sunken  areas 
or  outcrops  in  gulch  bottoms,  evidences 
of  weathering  of  outcrops,  sunken  areas 
indicating  oxidized  orebodies,  and  copper 
and  iron  stains,  etc.  The  miner  just  as 
naturally  notices  the  general  signs  of 
mineralization,  movement  and  intrusion. 
It  is  just  as  characteristic  of  the  en- 
gineer that  he  thirsts  for  accuracy  and 
facts.  The  mining  geologist  will  do  well 
to  combine  these  attributes. 

Information  from  Character  of  Ore- 
body 
The  ordinary  water  course,  and  that  of 
sulphurous  or  silicious  mineral  solution 
leave  different  traces.  In  limestone,  a 
"corroded"  bedding  plane  often  leads  to 
ore.  In  corrosion  caves  gypsum  crystals 
often  underlie,  and  shrinkage  caves  often 
overlie  oxidized  orebodies.  Harder  rock, 
due  to  silicious  replacement,  or  softer 
rock  due  to  leaching,  often  indicate  the 
vicinity  of  ore. 

It  has  been  stated  that  orebodies  often 
seem  to  follow  the  lines  of  least  resist- 
ance. With  fissure  veins  in  sedimentary 
rocks,  the  miner  often  looks  for  some 
particular  formation  to  give  the  ore  of 
best  grade  and  the  greatest  vein  widths. 
With  contact  veins,  the  intersection  with  a 
fissure  or  fault  is  often  sought. 

Changes  in  the  mineral  constitutents 
often  appear  near  the  limits  of  an  ore- 
body,  that  is,  as  the  appearance  of  a 
greater  quantity  of  base  minerals  or  of 
gangue,  or  of  some  particular  mineral, 
or  a  larger  crystallization,  which  changes 
are  typical  of  the  district  or  the  mine  or 
sometimes  of  the  general  class  of  ore- 
body.  In  fissure  veins,  the  changes  from 
oxidized  to  enriched  sulphide,  or  to  lean 
sulphide,  may  often  be  foreseen  from  ob- 
scure mineralogic  changes,  as  the  appear- 
ance of  arsenical  pyrites,  zinc  blende, 
etc.  The  fact  that  mines  can  be  pre- 
pared for  a  sale  by  a  skilful  foreman, 
and  also  that  the  mine  foreman  often 
proves  the  geologist  wrong  in  locating  ore 
makes  the  former's  knowledge  interest- 
ing. 

•Mining-  eni-'inccr.    Wliilo   I'lains.    N.   Y. 


Close  Observation  Helps  Solution  of 
Faults 

In  the  solution  of  fault  problems  the 
general  rules  that  normal  faults  are  com- 
monest, and  that  most  flat  faults  are  re- 
verse faults,  of  course,  give  no  clue  as 
to  whether  or  not  a  particular  case  is  an 
exception.  Often  closer  observation  of 
obscure  conditions  will  show  the  truth. 
The  miner,  when  a  vein  is  faulted,  fol- 
lows the  "trail"  of  small  ground  frag- 
ments in  the  fault  gouge  (panning  the 
gouge,  if  necessary),  and  turns  with  the 
"drag"  of  the  strike.  Often  there  are 
subsidiary  faultings  of  small  movement, 
in  the  same  direction,  or  veinlets  of  sec- 
ordary  quartz  or  mineral  running  into 
the  hanging-  or  foot-wall  on  the  side 
toward  the  continuation  that  affords  clues 
for  the  true  solution. 

The  width  of  gouge,  the  depth  of  the 
grooves  on  a  slickenside  surface,  the  ex- 
tent of  brecciation  and  number  of  move- 
ment planes  also  indicate  the  extent  of 
movement  that  has  taken  place. 

Veins  with  numerous  faultings  tend  to 
assume  an  average  position.  The  faults 
may  be  in  pairs  of  opposite  movement. 
They  are,  however,  often  mefnbers  of  a 
system  of  the  same  movement.  It  is 
sometimes  possible  to  recognize  a  part 
of  a  vein  as  a  fault  block  out  of  place, 
on  account  of  its  more  greatly  broken 
and  leached  nature. 

For  the  technical  work,  a  surface  map 
with  about  25-ft.  contours,  should  be  at 
hand,  or  be  prepared,  upon  which  all  out- 
crops of  veins,  orebodies,  fissures,  im- 
portant beddings,  points  on  faults,  dikes, 
etc.  may  be  noted,  with  correct  average 
strikes  and  dips,  and  elevations.  The 
preliminary  mapping  and  contouring  can 
be  done  by  plane  table  and  Y-level;  or 
more  easily  by  a  transit,  using  a  sectional 
sheet  on  a  tablet  to  keep  track  of  the  de- 
tailed information.  The  geological  work 
can  he  platted  with  sufficient  accuracy  hv 
using  a  Brunton  or  other  compass,  and  a 
transit  course  as  base   line. 

Geological   Plans  and  Sections  In- 
structive 

It  is  essential  to  have  carefully  sur- 
veyed plans  of  underground  workings 
with  elevations  upon  which  the  positions 
of  hanging-  and  foot-wall,  and  fault  lines, 
with  strikes  and  dips,  limits  of  ore,  con- 
tacts and  other  necessary  geological  in- 
formation can  be  mapped,  A  combined 
skeleton-horizontal  projection  of  import- 
ant surface  and  underground  features  is 
sometimes  exceedingly  useful.  Vertical 
sections  can  then  be  made  and  observa- 
tions correlated,  between  underground  and 
between  surface  and  underground  points. 
After  the  solution  of  a  problem  has  be- 
come apparent,  it  should  be  tested  from 
the  critic's  point  of  view  by  further  de- 
tailed observation.  The  time  of  the  geol- 
ogist is  considerably  less  expensive  'han 
is  useless  development. 


I 


Ociober  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


773 


Facts    Concerning  Present   Fuel   Situation 

A  Coal  Famine  in  Many   States   This  Winter  Appears  Probable.      An 
Indicated   Shortage   of     15,000.000    Tons.      The    Situation    in    lUinois 


BY        FLOYD 


W 


PARSONS 


In  an  editorial  appearing  in  Thk  Engi- 

EERING     AND      MINING     JOURNAL,      under 

ue  of  Sept.  10.  the  fuel  situation  was 
ferred  to  as  follows:  "The  general  pub- 
;  have  failed  to  appreciate  the  serious- 
.•ss  of  the  present  coal  strike  in  various 

{.'Ids.  At  no  time  in  recent  years  have 
•al  supplies  been  smaller  than  at  pres- 
!t.  In  order  to  prevent  a  repetition  of 
e  coal  famine  that  occurred  in  1902-03, 

•id  again  in  1906,  the  majority  of  our 
ines  will  have  to  work  steadily  this 
titer,  and  even  then  certain  parts  of  the 
est  may   lack  fuel." 

'  Having  concluded  a  hasty  trip  through 
rtain  Western  States.  I  desire  to  em- 
asize,  in  a  positive  way,  the  forecast 
ide  one  month  ago,  and  referred  to 
ove.  The  great  danger  in  the  present 
uation  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  general 
blic    are    absolutely    indifferent    if    not 


other  States,  the  total  net  shortage  would 
still  amount  to  15.000,000  tons.  Anthra- 
cite production  has  not  shown  any  ma- 
terial increase  so  far  this  year,  so  that 
we  are  certain  to  enter  the  winter  facing 
a  fuel  shortage  of  alarming  proportions. 

Looking  at  the  other  side  of  the  ques- 
tion, there  are  some  conditions  that  may 
act  to  iTiodify  and  possibly  relieve  the 
situation.  If  there  should  occur  a  further 
important  recession  in  general  business 
throughout  the  country,  the  fuel  demands 
will  be  less.  Then,  also,  the  certainty 
of  a  shortage  in  fuel  is  sure  to  have  a 
retarding  effect  on  business. 

As  is  always  the  case,  the  problem 
of  securing  adequate  railroad  service 
will  play  an  important  part.  A  few  weeks 
ago,  it  was  believed  that  the  annual  car 
shortage  would  not  be  a  considerable  fac- 
tor this  vear.      However,  conditions  have 


practically  all  of  the  mines  that  have 
been  idle,  it  is  safe  to  figure  that  25  per 
cent,  of  the  working  places  have  caved. 
Several  weeks  have  already  passed,  and 
the  mines  that  have  resumed  are  not  pro- 
ducing a  large  tonnage,  nor  will  they  be 
able  to  show  a  large  output  for  another 
month.  Miners  are  returning  to  the  Il- 
linois field  slowly,  and  it  is  doubtful  if 
there  will  be  a  full  complement  of  men 
before  November  1.  Since  the  labor 
troubles  were  settled  in  Indiana,  that 
State  has  been  showing  a  record  output, 
but  this  higher  rate  of  production  has 
been  accomplished  largely  with  miners 
who  have  come  over  from  the  Illinois 
field.  This  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  the 
production  at  many  mines  in  Indiana  has 
fallen  off  30  per  cent,  since  the  Illinois 
strike  was  settled. 

Indiana    mines    are    sold    out    tiO    days 


Typical  Indiana  Minl   Hmphaini,  300  Ml.n  and  Pro- 
ducing ABOUT  1400  Tons  Daily 


Thl  Tipplk  and  Surface  Buildings  are  Genlhallv 
Constructed  Entirely  of  Wood 


conscious  of  the  fuel  situation,  and 
'it,  furthermore,  coal  men  themselves 
i  ■  not  awake  to  actual  conditions.  The 
,  .'atest  and  surest  way  to  avoid  any 
1  ubie  is  to  advertise  its  approach.  Un- 
'  s  the  general  press  becomes  active 
I  mediately  in  making  public  the  prob- 
I  lity  of  a  fuel  shortage,  many  parts  of 
Is  country  will  suffer  this  winter. 

Cross  Shortage  33.000,000  Tons 

The  shortage  of  coal  in  Illinois  this 
5»r    will    amount    tn    about    21.000,000 

•  is.  The  shortage  in  States  west  of 
I  nois  will  be  in  the  neighborhood  of 
,000.000  tons,  making  a  total   shortage 

'  about  33,000,000  tons.  West  Virginia 
>  I  produce  not  less  than  8,000,000  tons 
'Ire  than  it  did  last  year,  and  if  we  al- 
I''    for   a    total    increase    in    production 

•  10,000,000   tons   in    Pennsylvania   and 


changed  rapidly,  and  the  number  of  idle 
cars  have  decreased  so  quickly,  that  in 
many  parts,  a  shortage  is  already  here. 
It  is  reported  from  Columbus,  Cincinnati 
and  Cleveland  th.it  cars  are  not  only  hard 
to  obtain  for  loading  at  the  mines,  but 
that  the  railroads  actually  lack  the  mo- 
tive power  with  which  to  haul  cars. 

The  Deficit  Cannot  Be  Made  Up 

It  is  relatively  easy  to  sit  down  and 
figure  that  now,  since  the  Illinois  mines, 
and  also  the  operations  throughout  the 
Southwest,  have  resumed  work,  the  out- 
put will  be  so  enlarged  that  consumers 
will  be  quickly  supplied.  This  could  not 
occur  even  if  the  railroads  could  supply 
a  sufficient  number  of  cars  and  haul  the 
coal  to  market.  In  Illinois  alone,  there 
are  any  number  of  mines  where  40  per 
cent,    of   the    rooms    have   caved    in.      In 


ahead  and  cannot  relieve  the  situation 
this  fall.  In  Ohio,  the  Sunday  Creek 
Coal  Company  is  also  sold  out  more  than 
(iO  days  ahead,  and  has  notified  its  agents 
to  take  no  orders  for  future  delivery. 
The  shortage  of  coal  in  (Chicago  is  esti- 
mated at  about  1.250.000  tons,  and  this 
caused  the  season  to  open  three  weeks 
ago  with  lump  at  S2.5()  and  slack  at 
SI. 50  at  the  mines.  Lump  ordinarily  sells 
at  from  $1.25  to  SI. 50  at  the  mines,  this 
season  of  the  year.  Present  indications 
lead  to  the  belief  that  coal  will  sell  in 
Chicago  for  S5  per  ton  early  this  fall. 

The  Situation   in  the  Southwest 

The  perspective  of  many  coal  men  is 
often  limited  to  local  districts,  and  they 
fail  to  realize  the  far-reaching  effect  of 
a  shortage  in  distant  fields.  Most  eyes 
have   been   centered   on   Illinois,   and   but 


774 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


little  attention  has  been  directed  to  the 
States  further  west.  The  strike  has  been 
more  severe  in  Kansas,  Missouri,  Arkan- 
sas and  Oklahoma  than  in  Illinois.  In 
Illinois,  certain  districts  reached  an  early 
agreement,  while  in  the  Southwestern 
States,  practically  all  of  the  mines  were 
closed  tight  for  the  entire  five  months. 
The  four  -Southwestern  States  mentioned, 
normally  produce  about  17,000,000  tons 
annually,  and,  considering  the  condition 
of  the  mines  that  have  been  idle,  the 
slowness  in  laborers  returning  to  work, 
and  the  certainty  of  a  lack  of  cars  this 
fall  and  winter,  it  is  fair  to  estimate  that 
their  total  output  will  be  cut  in  half. 
Furthermore,  Iowa  produces  about  7,000,- 
000  tons  of  coal  and  suffered  a  shutdown 
for  nearly  two  months.  We  must  also 
remember  that  labor  troubles  have  oc- 
curred in  Colorado  and  that  the  North- 
west now  faces  a  similar  crisis. 

The  mines  in  Indiana  and  other  States 
adjacent  to  strike  territory  have  been 
working  night,  and  day,  with  the  result 
that    demoralized    conditions    exist    both 


ditions  e.xist.  The  Miners'  Union  is  a 
national  organization.  A  strike  is  called 
in  one  State,  or  one  section  of  the 
country,  while  the  miners  in  all  other 
fields  continue  to  work  and  contribute 
to  the  support  of  the  strikers.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  operators  lack  a  national 
organization,  and,  consequently,  have  to 
defend  themselves  entirely  from  within 
the  boundaries  of  their  own  territory.  Not 
only  is  this  the  case,  but  operators  in 
adjacent  States  and  districts  are  fre- 
quently pleased  to  see  labor  disturbances 
in  nearby  competitive  districts,  and  it  is 
not  unheard  of  for  such  operators  to  en- 
courage a  strike  in  a  neighboring  State. 

Miners  Sure  to  Win 

This  is  all  very  well,  but  it  is  short 
sighted  on  the  part  of  the  operators,  and 
means  the  ultimate  and  certain  victory 
of  the  Miners'  Union  throughout  every 
coal-producing  State  in  the  Union.  The 
general  campaign  will  be  as  follows:  The 
miners  have  established  the  highest  and 


can  be  done,  it  is  possible  for  them  t 
carry  on  a  strike  indefinitely.  The  onl 
hope  of  such  States  as  West  Virginia  an 
Kentucky,  under  present  conditions,  i 
due  to  the  fact  of  the  isolation  of  th 
mines  and  the  lack  of  nearby  and  read 
employment  for  the  men  in  case  of 
strike. 

In  this  connection  it  is  well  to  remem 
ber  some  of  the  remarks  made  by  th 
labor  leaders  in  their  recent  discussio 
with  the  operators.  Some  of  the  operatoi 
complained  that  the  terms  demanded  b 
the  union  in  Pennsylvania  and  certai 
other  States  were  impossible  and  unbeai 
able.  They  further  stated  that  they  coul 
not  compete  in  the  unionized  States  wit 
tht  operators  in  nonunion  districts.  Pre; 
ident  Lewis  replied  that  these  same  ope 
ators  who  were  complaining,  controlle 
mines  in  the  nonunion  States,  and  th; 
they  were  competing  with  themselve 
Furthermore,  that  so  long  as  these  sair 
operators  prevented  the  union  enterir 
these  nonunion  States,  just  so  long  wou 
the  miners  refuse  to  equalize  condition 


c 

mi 

^ 


p 


S- 


'el^ 


Ce.ment  Blocks  are  Being  Largely  used  at  Present 
IN  Construction  of  Power  Houses 


Practically  all  the  Mines  are  Equipped  to 
Ship  Three  of  Four  Sizes  of  Coal 


underground  and  on  the  surface  as  re- 
gards cars  and  machinery;  it  is  also  true 
that  the  mines  that  have  been  idle  so 
long,  cannot  properly  resume  normal 
work  for  weeks,  and  finally,  we  must  add 
the  fact  that  the  railroads  throughout  the 
West  and  the  East  will  have  difficulty  in 
moving  a  normal  tonnage  without  con- 
sidering an  increased  tonnage. 

The   Labor  Situation 

While  considering  the  fuel  situation 
throughout  the  country,  a  word  with  ref- 
erence to  the  settlement  of  the  prolonged 
strike  may  be  interesting.  A  final  analysis 
of  the  outcome  of  the  Illinois  strike  shows 
that  the  operators  in  that  State  received 
the  most  severe  beating  that  they  have 
yet  experienced.  Those  operators  who 
held  out  to  the  last  naturally  lost  most 
and  had  to  accept  the  most  unfavorable 
terms.  The  defeat  of  the  operators  in  the 
Southwestern  States  was  about  as  severe, 
and  it  must  be  conceded  that  the  Miners' 
union  throughout  the  Central  West  se- 
cured the  greatest  victory  in  years. 

There  never  can  be  any  other  outcome 
to  such  a  struggle  so  long  as  present  con- 


most  favorable  standard  of  conditions  for 
themselves  in  the  State  of  Illinois.  The 
next  struggle  therefore,  will  not  occur 
in  Illinois  but  the  union  will  concentrate 
on  certain  adjacent  States,  while  con- 
tinuing to  operate  the  mines  in  Illinois 
and  the  Southwest,  bringing  the  other 
States  up  to  the  Illinois  standard  step  by 
step.  After  this  has  been  done,  the  miners 
will  again  concentrate  their  attention  to 
Illinois,  and  again  better  their  conditions 
there. 

West  Virginia  has  so  far  succeeded 
in  combating  the  organization  of  the 
miners  in  that  State,  but  if  the  present  at- 
titude of  the  operators  in  various  States 
with  respect  to  each  other  is.maintained. 
West  Virginia,  or  no  other  State,  can  re- 
main long  outside  the  union  fold.  It 
was  reported  that  the  miners  and  their 
families  in  Illinois  suffered  extremely 
during  the  strike,  but  close  investigation 
convinces  me  that  this  was  not  the  case 
except  on  the  part  of  the  more  shiftless. 
Practically  all  of  the  miners  who  de- 
sired employment  found  it  readily  in  ad- 
jacent States  and  oftentimes  in  other  oc- 
cupations right  at  home.    So  long  as  this 


Illinois  Operators  Helpless 

When  operators  throughout  the  count 
come  to  a  full  realizaivon  of  conditioi 
as  they  exist  in  Illinois,  and  come  to  kno 
of  the  absolute  control  the  miners  ha' 
obtained  over  the  coal  properties  in  th 
State,  they  will  then  begin  to  act  mo 
concertedly,  and  as  a  result  will  obta 
more  satisfactory  working  conditions  f' 
themselves. 

I  am  heart  and  soul  with  the  mine 
when  they  are  unfairly  treated  and  whi 
the  conditions  of  employment  are  unjus 
however,  we  should  be  as  strongly  fi. 
the  operators  when  conditions  are  as  tii 
equal  and  unfair  as  those  forced  on  tt 
mine  owners  in  Illinois.  If  the  prese: 
Illinois  mining  laws  are  further  amende 
the  operators  in  that  State  will  ha\ 
more  to  fear  from  their  leeislature  th.i 
from  the  Miners'  Union.  With  the  pas: 
age  of  other  laws  similar  to  some  i 
those  that  have  been  enacted  recent' 
in  Illinois,  such  as  the  one  that  compe 
the  operator  to  place  bells  at  the  workln 
faces  so  that  a  warning  may  he  sounde 
in  case  of  an  accident,  the  lot  of  tli 
Illinois  operator  will  not  be  one  to  env; 


October  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINERRINC,    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


775 


Notes  on   the   Coal  Industry   in  West  Virginia 


BY  R.  B.  BRINSMADE=== 


John  Laing,  chief  of  the  department  of 
lines  in  West  Virginia,  has  arranged  for 
ie  holding  of  eight  examinations  for 
line  foremen  and  fire-bosses  during  the 
oming  winter.  The  applicants  for  these 
ositions  will  be  rtquired  to  pass  upon 
le  questions  relative  to  coal  dust,  gases 
let  with  in  the  coal  mines  of  West 
irginia,  electricity,  mine  ventilation, 
rainage,  timbering,  different  methods  of 
lapping  and  working  different  seams  of 
oal  in  the  State,  and,  the  mining  laws 
f  West  Virginia. 

The    places    and    dates    for    these    e-\- 

minations  are:   Welch.  Oct.   19  and  20; 

lairmont.   Oct.    16    and    17;    Clarksburg, 

'ct.  9  and  10;  Bramwell.  Oct.  2(5  and  27; 

Ikins.  Oct.  23  and  24;  Glen  Jean,  Dec. 

and  8;  Beckley,  Dec.  14  and  15; 
harleston,  Jan.  6  and  7. 

Under  the  present  ruling  and  interpre- 
tlon  of  the  mining  law,  every  person  is 
■quired  to  pass  an  examination,  con- 
.icted  by  the  chief  of  the  department  of 
ines  of  the  State,  before  he  can  hold 
e  position  of  mine  foreman  or  fire-boss. 
nee  this  requirement  has  been  enforced. 
'est  Virginia  has  not  had  any  disastrous 
ine  accident.  Although  this  absence  of 
ly  great  accidents  may  not  be  attributed 

the  above  ruling  entirely,  all  mining 
en  admit  that  it  has  had  much  to  do 
ith  the  good  showing  made  by  the  State. 
here  has  not  been  an  explosion  in  the 
ines  of  this  mining  State  for  nearly  a 
.•ar  and  a  half. 

HIPMENTS  OVER   THE   VlRGlNl.\N    RAILWAY 

The  coal  shipments  over  the  Virginian 
lilway  for  the  month  of  July  are  shown 

have  been  105.589  long  tons  and  34(52 
ns  of  coke.    This  is  the  banner  shipment 

the  history  of  this  new  road  traversing 
ime  of  the  very  best  coalfields  in  West 
irginia.  The  reports  show  that  there 
•e  now  13  shippers  of  coal  along  the  new 
irginian  railroad,  the  largest  being  E.  E. 
'hite  Coal  Company  with  24.109  long 
ns.  Loup  Creek  Colliery  Company 
lipped  1(5,056;  Gulf  Smokeless  Coal 
ompany,  13,975;  Slab  Fork  Coal  Com- 
:iny,  13,942,  while  the  others  all  had 
nail  shipments  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
ines  are  just  being  opened.  Only  one 
>mpany  is  shipping  coke  but  others  are 
reparing  to  do  so. 

The  taxable  property  in  West  Virginia 
ir  the  year  1910  is  shown  to  be  a  little 
^■er  Si. 1 12.000.000  as  against  S  1,063,- 
47,851  in  1909.  or  an  increase  of  about 
"'0,000,000.  The  greatest  increases  are 
I'own  in  the  counties  where  oil  and  gas 

.r.^'*-^"?.';  "^  minlne  PiiKineerlni;.  Ini- 
TMty  of  Wost  \iii;lniii.  :Moii;ant(>wn.  \V.  Vii. 


is  produced  and  where  the  pipe  lines  are 
located.  More  than  one-third  of  the  in- 
crease is  attributed  to  the  oil  and  gas 
companies.  The  State  tax  has  been  re- 
duced to  4."..  cents  and  one  cent  more  for 
State  road  purposes,  making  the  taxes  for 
the  purposes  of  the  State  5'/j  cents  on 
the   hundred   dollars  valuation. 

It  is  rumored  that  the  railroads  travers- 
ing West  Virginia  have  formed  a  com- 
bination for  the  purpose  of  getting  con- 
trol of  the  larger  operations  in  this  State, 
especially  along  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
and  Norfolk  &  Western  roads.  It  is 
said  that  the  railroads  realize  that  the 
development  of  coal  lands  has  been  so 
rapid  that  the  roads  will  not  be  able  to 
carry  the  output,  and  according  to  de- 
cisions of  the  highest  courts,  the  railroads 
being  common  carriers,  failing  to  care 
for  the  output,  can  be  sued  by  the  big 
coal  companies.  By  getting  control  of  the 
more  important  coal  companies,  those  who 
control  the  railroads  believe  they  will  be 
able  to  block  such  actions  and  thereby 
protect  their  investments  in  the  railroads. 

From  an  authoritative  source,  it  is 
learned  that  options  for  control  have  been 
taken  on  nearly  all  of  the  big  opera- 
tions in  the  New  River  coalfield,  and  from 
the  same  source  it  is  learned  that  either 
options  have  been  taken  or  asked  for  on 
the  larger  operations  in  the  Norfolk  & 
Western   Held. 

Miners  Union  Becoming  Active 

There  is  talk  of  the  spreading  of  the  or- 
ganization movement  of  the  United  Mine 
Workers  of  America  among  the  non- 
union workers  of  the  districts  along  the 
Kanawha  river;  an  organization  campaign 
that  has  been  engineered  and  prosecuted 
from  the  local  State  headquarters  is  now 
being  carried  on. 

That  the  native  white  and  negro  miners 
of  the  State  are  being  replaced  by  min- 
ers of  foreign  birth  or  their  sons,  is  in- 
dicated by  a  report  issued  recently  by 
the  Immigration  Commission. 

White  Americans,  instead  of  being 
driven  out  of  the  mines  by  the  foreign 
help,  are  merely  driven  into  the  positions 
of  greater  responsibility,  according  to  the 
report.  Positions  requiring  executive  abil- 
ity, such  as  foremen,  bosses,  etc..  are 
practically  all  filled  by  white  Americans, 
while  the  foreign  laborers  do  actual  work 
of  mining. 

Of  the  foreigners,  the  general  prefer- 
ence is  given  to  the  Italian,  especially 
those  from  northern  Italy.  The  Italians 
are  said  to  be  better  miners,  more  gen- 
erally sober  than  other  foreigners,  but 
less  adaptable  to  conditions. 


New  Co.MPANiEs  I.ncorporated 

The  following  new  companies  have  been 
incorporated  lately;  Kanawha  Valley  Fuel 
Company,  incorporated  with  S25,000  cap- 
ital by  J.  Vaughn,  and  others:  The  Sun- 
shine Coal  and  Coke  Company,  chartered 
with  an  authorized  capital  of  $55,000  to 
mine  coal,  manufacture  coke  and  build 
and  operate  a  railroad  in  the  State,  and 
the  Seng  Creek  Coal  Company,  incor- 
porated with  8100,000  capital  to  operate 
at  Jarrett's  Ford. 

The  Cannelton  Coal  and  Coke  Company 
will  develop  5200  acres  of  coal  land.  The 
present  daily  output  is  1000  tons  but  the 
equipment  to  be  installed  w-ill  provide  for 
an  additional  daily  output  of  2000  tons. 
The  plans  are  not  complete  as  yet. 

The  Kanawha  Brick  Company  will  in- 
stall cable  service  to  bring  clay  from 
across  the  river,  enlarge  the  plant  and 
install  additional  equipment. 

Coal-acreage  buying  goes  on  apace,  and 
stories  come  out  almost  every  day  of 
large  acreages  about  to  be  taken  over  by 
somebody  or  a  group  of  somebodies  from 
outside  the  State.  Many  of  these  are  ten- 
tative; but  that  there  are  negotiations  in 
progress  for  important  transfers  is  un- 
questioned. It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
a  large  part  of  the  State  will  be  in  the 
hands  of  men  who  do  not  live  inside  of 
State  lines  before  long,  which  is  not  a 
pleasing  thought  to  the  officials  of  the 
State  nor  to  the  residents  who  have  large 
interests  here,  and  whose  community 
pride  is  offended  by  the  fact  that  these 
owners  take  so  little  interest  in  State  wel- 
fare and  so  often  are  directly  opposed  to 
it. 

It  is  reported  that  J.  P.  Morgan  has  laid 
aside  a  large  sum  to  be  invested  in  coal 
lands  in  this  State  and  Pennsylvania,  and 
that  he  is  also  supplying  the  funds  for 
the  construction  of  a  Western  Maryland 
link  from  Connellsville  to  Cumberland. 
The  Morgan  plan  is  said  to  be  to  develop 
the  West  Virginia  coal,  which  will  be  taken 
to  Baltimore,  there  to  be  shipped  to  Spain 
and  Italy,  and  that  in  Spain  big  purchases 
of  iron-ore  property  will  be  made  to  be  In 
turn  brought  Into  this  country.  Under  the  • 
scheme,  he  could  deliver  West  Virginia 
coal  in  Naples  for  S4.I0  while  the  best 
price  at  present  is  $4.90. 

Coal  production  by  counties  in  West 
Virginia  in  the  fiscal  year  1909.  ended 
June  30,  shows  that  McDowell  county 
leads  in  output  with  9,415.069  tons.  The 
counties  that  exceeded  one  million  tons 
were  as  follows,  in  round  unmbers:  Fay- 
ette 7.600.000;  Kanawha  4.140.000;  Ma- 
rion 3,730,000;  Harrison  3,000,000;  Mer- 
cer, 2,100,000;  Logan,  1,910,000;  Raleigh, 


770 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


1,800,000;  Mingo,  1,620,000;  Tucker, 
1,000,000;  Mineral  came  next  with  745,- 
000  tons  and  tlie  smallest  producer  was 
Boone   with   only  3451   tons. 

The  selling  agencies  of  the  operators  in 
the  Pocahontas  and  New  River  districts  of 
the  State  report  being  in  possession  of  or- 
ders enough  to  keep  them  busy  for  the 
remainder  of  the  lake-shipping  season. 
Prices  are  reported  as  steady,  with  no 
change  except  in  a  few  cases  where 
higher  prices  than  the  prevailing  ones 
are  being  secured.  The  price  of  lump  ad- 
vanced sharply  Aug.  15.  Demand  for 
fancy  sizes  will  not  be  large  enough  to 
equal  the  supply  unless  the  slack  market 
picks  up  by  increased  demand   for  coke. 

Fayette  County 

The  Ephriam  Creek  Coal  and  Coke  Com- 
pany has  improvement  under  way  at  its 
mine  near  Thayer  which  will  materially 
increase  capacity.  The  tipple  is  being  re- 
built, a  new  power  house  constructed  and 
larger  engines  and  boilers  installed. 

The  contract  has  been  awarded  for  a 
five-mile  branch  to  extend  from  Caperton 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway,  to  a 
point  where  the  Kingston  Collieries  Com- 
pany is  preparing  to  commence  develop- 
ment work.  Five  mines  are  to  be  opened, 
it  is  announced,  and  the  work  will  be  put 
under  way  at  once. 

W.  W.  Keefer,  the  president  of  the 
Pittsburg  Terminal  Railroad  and  Coal  Com- 
pany. Pittsburg,  Penn.,  and  associates 
purchased  about  6500  acres  of  coal  land 
a:  about  .S250,000.  The  construction  of  a 
railway  and  the  development  of  the  prop- 
erty is  planned. 

Monongalia  County 

J.  Fddy,  of  Wadestown,  purchased  150 
acres  of  coal  land  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
velopment. 

The  charter  of  the  Righter  Coal  Com- 
pany was  filed  at  Morgantown  lately.  The 
chief  works  of  the  company  will  be  lo- 
cated in  Grant  district.  The  company 
was  formed  for  the  purpose  of  mining  for 
coal  and  other  minerals,  oil,  gas,  etc. 

Several  gentlemen  of  Morgantown  are 
completing  the  optioning  of  a  tract  of  coal 
underlying  about  1000  acres,  located  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Monongahela  river. 
opposite  Little  Falls.  The  coal  includes 
all  seams  under  the  Pittsburg  seam.  The 
property  is  being  optioned  at  .S35  an  acre. 

Preston  County 

Spurred  on  by  improvements  made  and 
continuing  to  be  made  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railway  for  a  western  outlet, 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railway  Company 
is  surveying  a  route  for  a  new  double- 
track  tunnel  for  the  more  efficient  carry- 
ing of  freightage  through  the  mountain  at 
Tunnelton.  The  old  Kingwood  tunnel  for- 
bids the  use  of  the  large  engines  now  in 
general  use  for  it  was  put  through  when 
the  locomotives  were  very  much  smaller 
than  they  arc  now. 


J.  M.  Guffey,  leader  of  the  Democracy 
of  Penn.,  and  titular  owner  of  about 
137,700  acres  of  coal  in  Preston  and  near- 
by counties  in  W.  Va.,  recently  petitioned 
for  a  receiver  for  his  estate.  His  lia- 
bilities were  given  at  S7,000,000  and  his 
assets  at  $17,000,000.  Mr.  Guffey  says 
that  on  the  coal  territory  owned  -by  him 
in  W.  Va.,  can  be  realized  2,000.000.000 
tons  of  coal,  which  at  the  low  profit  of 
one  cent  per  ton  would  net  S20.000,000. 

Marion  County 

The  Virginia  &  Pittsburg  Coal  &  Coke 
Company -will  develop  250  acres  of  coal 
land  by  pick  mining.  The  daily  capacity 
will  be  300  tons  of  coal.  R.  M.  Hite  will 
be   the   manager. 

S.  C.  Lowe  and  several  others  have  re- 
cently incorporated  the  Monongah  Fuel 
Company  with  a  capital  of  S50,000. 

The  property  of  the  Federal  Coal  Com- 
pany of  Fairmont  has  been  transferred  to 
the  Keystone  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  of 
Greensburg.  Penn.  The  property  em- 
braces 3040  acres  of  coal.  The  price 
realized  was  SI, 050,000  in  cash. 

The  Fairmont  Mining  Machinery  Com- 
pany, of  Fairmont  has  commenced  im- 
piovements  costing  about  SIOO.OOO.  To  its 
present  main  building  the  company  is 
adding  side  and  front  extensions  and  is 
also  erecting  a  large  supply  house. 


Statistical  Results    of  Coal  Mining 
in    Russia    in    1909 

Foreign  Correspondence 

The  coal  market  in  Russia  during  the 
year  1909  was  not  favorable.  The  out- 
put which  had  been  1,529,860,000  poods' 
in  1908,  was  only  1,493,150.000  poods 
in  1909,  and  notwithstanding  this  reduc- 
tion, the  stock  is  reported  to  have  in- 
creased considerably.  The  market  was 
very  calm  at  the  end  of  1909  with  but 
little  demand. 

The  following  table  indicates  the  pro- 
duction of  the  various  large  coal  dis- 
tricts of  European  Russia  in  1909  com- 
pared with  the  year  1908  (in  million 
poods) : 

COAT.  pnonrc'TiON  in  Russia. 


sons  for  this  reduction  are  the  uncomm( 
mildness  of  the  temperature  during  la 
winter,  the  increased  competition  of  mi 
eral  oils,  the  crisis  on  metallurgy  and  t 
introduction  in  the  conditions  of  railw 
orders  of  technical  specifications  that  d 
not  agree  with  the  conditions  of  that  di 
trict.  The  consumption  of  Donetz  cc 
has  decreased  by  about  30,000.000  poo 
and  the  number  of  w-orkmen  from  14 
000  to  113,000. 

The  Dombrowa  District  Increases 
Output 

Contrary  to  the  other  districts,  that 
Dombrowa  in  Pologne  has  increased 
output  in  1909  by  about  3,000,000  pooi 
Its  stock,  far  from  increasing  as  els 
where,  has  been  reduced  by  50  per  ce 
The  average  number  of  workmen  e 
ployed  there  in  1909  was  22,690  with 
average  daily  production  of  834  kg.  i 
workman  employed. 

In  Oural  district  the  reduction  is  d 
to  the  mines  of  Abamelef-Lezereff,  I 
most  important  of  the  region,  failing 
secure  a  considerable  portion  of  railwa 
orders.  Anthracite  is  produced  only 
Donetz.  The  stocks  have  also  increai 
during  the  year  by  about  3,000,000  pot 
for  the  same  reasons  as  explained  abo 
The  manufacture  of  coke  has  also  s 
fered  a  reduction  of  about  2.000,C 
poods. 

Increase  in  Manufacture  of  Briqui 

There  is  on  the  contrary  an  increase 
the    manufacture    of    briquets    from    1 
950.000  poods  in  1908  to  1 1,210,000  pc 
in    1909.      However   shipments    have 
minished  by  150,000  poods.     The  oil  p 
ducers  have  increased  their  production 
5   per  cent,   as  shown   by   documents 
sued   by  the   Russian   Chamber  of  Cc 
merce   of  Paris,   from   467,000,000  po 
in    1908   to   490,500.000   poods    in     19 
Furthermore,  prices   are   lower  than 
fore,  being  about   18  kopeks  psr  pood 
the  beginning  of  1910,  against  19  and 
kopeks  in   1908  and  1907.  For  export 
reduction    is    2    kopeks    per    pood, 
following  table  shows  a  reduction  in  si 
ments    to    the    Orient    which    more    tl 
counterbalance  the  increased  sales  to  1 
rope : 

s!1ip>ii;n'ts  to  the  orient 
and  europe. 


Donetz  .  .  .  . 
Doiiilirowa. 
Diiml  ,  ,  , 
M()sc4>n  -  .  - 
Caucasus .  . 

Total...  . 


nios. 


Per 

Cent, 
of 
1909.     lOutpiit. 


1.114  S.S 

:il  I    11 

I7,8:i 

1 9 .  .52 

:).22 


1  ..'i2y ,  86 


1 ,084 ,  94 

347 ,  .-i.S 

42   73 

l.j   39 

2.56 


73 
23 

2.9 

1 

0.1 


1,493.15  1   100.0 


I.iKhlini!  oils: 

to  Europe. 
Orii-nl  . 
Russia, 


Hcsidui-s  of  naphtha: 

to    F'.nrope 

Orient % 


19(IK.  190' 

tliousanil  pou 

16,710  20,; 
9,26.i  3,1 
3,402         3.1  . 


2,093 


Oilier  pniihiet.s: 

to    l-.iirope,  . . 

c  irieiit  .  .  . 

Itussia  .  .  . 


9,338      10.1 
1S9 
120  I 


The  Donetz  district  suffered  the  most 
from  this  reduction  which  took  place  only 
in    the   second    half   of    1909.      The    rea- 


'  1   pootl  —  1(:.3  kfi.  or  .IC,  111. 


In  view  of  increasing  the  shipmenti:' 
the  Orient,  the  Russian  Railway  Dep:  ■ 
ment    has    prepared    a    reduction    to 
tariff  for  the  oils  shipped   fmm   Baku  i 
Batnin. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


777 


Lehigh   Valley  Coal  Company 


This  company  owns  and  operates, 
either  directly  or  through  leases,  a  large 
estate  in  the  anthracite  region  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  report  for  the  year  ended 
June  30.  1910.  shows  a  capital  account  of 
j;i.965,000  stock,  all  owned  by  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  Company;  512,796,000 
bonds;  and  SI0,537,000  certificates  of  in- 
debtedness, which  represent  advances 
made  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 
Company. 

I  Over    Eight    Million    Tons    of    Coal 
Mined  by  the  Company 

The  coal  mined  from  lands  owned  and 
■controlled  by  the  company  was,  in  long 
tons: 


190K-9. 
■.7:U,I178 


19ii'.i-10.         Clituiges. 
8.()'.)2,ii40   I.      -.an.srfi 

■J31,'.IV«    D.        M,n9 


^nthracito 

Bltutnilious ■JSS,4.')7 

.     T,,lal 8,0'.'i,.'i;i.')        fi.:!-2T.'.llx    I.       303,383 

;     The  bituminous  coal  is  from  the  Snow 
I'Shoe   field   in   the   central   part   of   Penn- 
>ylvania. 

Increased  Earnings 

The  report  does  not  give  total  earnings 
ir  expenses,  the  brief  income  statement 
'eing  as  follows: 

.      I iicome  fi)r  tin'  Year $l,13i;,i)43 

( i~  ■i-llaiiooti8  Adjiistmnnts ^       ]5.!»98 


Bnlauce $1,1-20,545 

ialnnco  Forward  from  Previous  Year. .      'J.JT-J.snT 

Total.  .luiio  3(1. 1'.ilN S:1.3'.>3,442 

The  net  earnings   for  the  year  showed 

J  n  increase   of  S761.091    over  those   for 

908-9.     The  report  says:  "The  improved 

arnings  of  the  company  are,  in  the  main, 

lue  to   the   increased    sales   of   coal,   the 

emand  for  which  was  greater  than  dur- 

ng  the  previous  year;  and  to  the  fact  that 

he  mining  has  been  so  conducted  as  to 

ounteract,    wherever   possible,    the    con- 

tantly   increasing  cost  of  operation  nat- 

irally    resulting    from   the    greater   depth 

nd  extension  of  the  underground   work- 

ngs 

■:(ovement    in    Dressing   Operations 

"The    percentage    of    prepared    sizes 
bove  pea  coal  was  64. ."S  per  cent.,  an  in- 
rease  of  1.6  per  cent,  over  the  previous 
ear.     This  marked   increase,  which   was 
lade  in   prepared   sizes,  notwithstanding 
he  greater  tonnage  that   is  being  mined 
rem    smaller    and    inferior    veins,    em- 
'hasizes    the    importance    of    continuing 
he  policy  of  remodeling  breakers  so  as 
improve   the   preparation.     This   prac- 
-i;  has  been  consistently  followed  in  re- 
lent  years   and    the    results    are    further 
'"^wn  by  the  increased  tonnage  which  it 
been  possible  to  secure  from  the  raw 
,  roduct  as  delivered  by  the  mines.     Sub- 
|tantial  progress  has  also  been  made  in 
,he  concentration  of  operations,   installa- 
ion  of  electric  or  compressed-air  haulage 
ystems,  erection  of  modern  power  plants 
nd  the   improvement   of  machinery   and 


appliances  generally.  The  property  has 
been  fully  maintained  and  extensively 
developed  to  provide  for  an  increased 
production  of  coal.  The  expenditures  for 
additions  and  betterments  during  the  year, 
and  which  were  deducted  from  income  or 
accounts  other  than  cost  of  mining, 
amounted  to  ,S369,788  in  all 

Company  Resumes  Operation  of  Leased 
Mines 

''The  Stevens  Coal  Company,  which 
had  been  conducting  operations  on  lands 
leased  from  your  company  many  years 
ago,  desired  to  surrender  that  lease.  Ac- 
cordingly the  same  was  canceled  during 
the  year  under  an  arrangement  whereby 
your  company  purchased  the  breaker  plant 
and  other  improvements  on  the  prop- 
erty, paying  therefor  on  a  royalty  basis 
as  the  coal  is  mined,  and  assuming  S61,- 
000  bonds  issued  by  the  Stevens  com- 
pany. These  bonds  were  taken  up  and 
are  now  in  the  treasury.  To  effect  greater 
economies  in  operation,  the  breaker  at 
William  A.  colliery  has  been  remodeled 
and  enlarged  to  permit  of  handling,  in  ad- 
dition to  its  own  tonnage,  the  coal  hereto- 
fore prepared  by  the  Stevens  breaker.  In 
view  of  the  limited  capacity  of  the  latter, 
it  will  be  converted  into  a  washery,  in 
connection  with  which  a  conveyer  and  the 
necessary  machinery  to  reclaim  the  culm 
bank  at  the  Stevens  colliery  are  being 
installed. 

"Your  company  further  has  taken  over 
the  operations  of  the  Buck  Mountain  and 
Vulcan  collieries  heretofore  conducted  by 
the  Mill  Creek  Coal  Company.  That 
company  had  been  mining  from  lands 
owned  by  your  company  under  a  lease, 
which  expired  Jan.  1,  1910.  Such  of  the 
machinery  and  plant  as  would  meet  the 
requirements  of  modern  operation  were 
purchased  at  an  appraised  value.  The 
breakers,  however,  were  not  so  acquired, 
although  they  are  being  operated  by  your 
company  under  a  temporary  lease.  A 
new  concrete  and  steel  breaker  is  being 
constructed  at  Buck  Mountain,  together 
with  the  necessary  boiler  plants,  shops, 
engine  houses  and  other  facilities,  all  of 
fireproof  construction.  When  completed, 
it  will  prepare  the  coal  now  handled 
by  the  two  old  breaicers.  the  lease  of 
which  will  be  surrendered." 

The  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 

The  report  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road Company  for  the  year  shows  that 
its  earnings  from  the  transportation  of 
coal  were  SI 5.82 1,798,  or  43.8  per  cent, 
of  the  total  revenue.  The  coal  tonnage 
was:  Anthracite,  11,513,475;  bituminous 
and  coke,  2,520,921;  total,  14,034,396 
tons,  or  51.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  freight 
moved.  The  coal  ton-miles  were  2.165.- 
127.775,  showing  an  average  haul  of 
154.3  miles.  The  average  earnings  per 
ton  of  coal  carried  were  SI. 13;  per  ton- 
mile,  0.73c.,  or  about  0.09c.  more  than 
the  general  freight  average. 


The   Fuel  Situation  in  Texas 


Since  the  year  1884,  the  production  of 
coal  and  lignite  in  Texas  has  been  18,- 
199,584  tons.  The  separation  of  these 
two  items  was  begun  in  1895.  Since  that 
time  iht  production  of  coal  has  been  10,- 
767,866  tons,  valued  at  522,596,544,  or  an 
average  of  about  S2.10  a  ton  at  the  mines. 
During  this  same  period  the  production 
ot  lignite  has  been  5,488,218  tons,  valued 
at  S4,767,83(),  or  an  average  of  82.8c.  per 
ton  at  the  mines.  During  these  15  years 
the  production  of  coal  has  increased  so 
that  for  each  ton  mined  in  1895  there 
were  3.17  tons  mined  in  1909.  In  the 
year  1895  the  average  value  of  the  coal 
mined  was  S2.22  and  in   1909  S2.-37. 

The  production  of  lignite  increased 
much  more  rapidly  than  that  of  coal.  For 
each  ton  of  lignite  mined  in  1H95  there 
were  mined  5.75  tons  in  1909,  the  value, 
per  ton,  for  the  respective  years,  being 
90c.  and  82.8  cents. 

The  latest  estimates  of  the  original  sup- 
ply of  bituminous  coal  in  Texas — those  of 
M.  R.  Campbell,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey— show  that  we  had  8,000,000,000 
tons  and  of  lignite  23.000,000,000  tons,  or  a 
total  fuel  supply  of  31,000,000,000  tons. 
If  we  allow  that  each  ton  of  fuel  mined 
represents  a  loss  of  1  '■'<  tons,  the  loss  of 
coal  and  lignite  is  27,299,376  tons,  an 
insignificant  proportion  of  the  original 
supply.  During  the  last  26  years  the  loss 
of  fuel  has  been  so  small,  compared 
with  the  original  supply,  as  to  be  quite 
negligible  in  any  estimates  affecting  the 
situation.  The  workable  coal  area  may 
be  taken  as  8200  square  miles,  with  an 
additional  area  of  5300  square  miles  that 
may  contain  workable  seams. 

There  is  much  more  uncertainty  in  re- 
gard to  the  workable  lignite  area,  Mr. 
Campbell's  estimates  show  2000  square 
miles,  but  it  is  highly  probable  that  it  is 
nearer  20,000  than  2000.  For  the  addi- 
tional lignite  area  he  gives  53,000  square 
miles,  or  a  total  of  55,000  square  miles. 
The  total  workable  area  of  coal  and  lig- 
nite has  been  taken  as  10.200  square 
miles,  with  an  additional  area  of  58,300 
square  miles  that  may  prove  to  be  work- 
able. The  coal  and  lignite  area  in  Texas, 
proved  and  probable,  is  almost  as  large 
as  the   entire   State   of   Missouri. 

The  outlook  for  a  continued  increase 
in  the  production  of  domestic  fuel  is 
most  encouraging.  Detailed  investiga- 
tions of  the  quality  of  our  coals  and  lig- 
nites are  now  being  carried  on  in  the 
fuel-testing  laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of 
Economic  Geology,  at  the  university. 


.An  analysis  of  coal  from  the  Tlaxiaco 
district  in  Oaxaca  show^s  moisture.  2.20 
per  cent.;  volatile  material,  9.44  per 
cent.;  fixed  carbon  ,55.68  per  cent.;  ash, 
32.68  per  cent.;  calories,  4605. 


778 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


" 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS 


Coal  Fields  of  Northwestern  Colo- 
rado AND  Northeastern  Utah,  by 
Hoyt  S.  Gale.  U.  S.  Geological  Sur- 
vey, Bull.  415.  1910. 

Iron  Ore  Deposits  of  the  Bristol  Mine, 
PoNTiAC  County,  Quebec,  by  E. 
Lindeman.  Canadian  Department  of 
Mines,  Ottawa,  1910. 

Die  Theorie  der  Faerbunc  der  Nauter- 

LICHEN     ErDOELE     UND     DEREN     NOT- 

wendice  Konsequenzen.  By  M.  A. 
Rakusin.  Fachliteratur  G.m.b.H., 
Berlin. 

Manganese  Ore  Deposits  of  the  San- 
dur  State.  By  A.  Chose.  Excerpt 
from  Transactions  of  the  Mining  and 
Ceological  Institute  of  India,  Cal- 
cutta, India. 

Quality  of  the  Surface  Waters  of 
California.  By  Walton  Van  Winkle 
and  Frederick  M.  Eaton.  Water-sup- 
ply Paper  237.  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey,  Washington. 

Manganese  Deposits  of  the  UniiED 
States,  with  Sections  on  Foreign 
Deposits,  Che.mistry  and  Uses.  By 
Edmund  C.  Harder.  Bull.  No.  427. 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Washington. 

Establishment,  Purpose,  Scope  and 
AIethods  of  the  State  Geological 
Survey.  By  George  H.  Ashley.  Ex- 
tract A  from  Bull.  No.  1,  Geological 
Work  in  Tennessee.  State  Geological 
Survey,   Nashville,  Tenn. 

Ueber  die   Zusammensetzung  der  Fin- 

NISCHEN        EISENERZE,        KALKSTEINE, 

Eisenhuettenprodukte  und  Ihrer 
Nebenprodukte.  By  Gust  A.  Aarto- 
vaara.  Suomalaisen  Tiedeakatemian 
Kustantama,  Helsinki,  Russia. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Minister  of 
Mines  for  the  Year  Ending  Dec. 
31,  1909;  Being  an  Account  of  Min- 
ing Operations  for  Gold,  Coal,  etc., 
in  the  Province  of  British  Columbia. 
Minister  of  Mines  Office,  Victoria, 
B.  C. 

Surface  Water  Supply  of  the  United 
States,  1907-08:  Part  XI,  Cali- 
fornia. Prepared  under  the  direction 
of  M.  O.  Leighton  by  W.  B.  Clapp 
and  W.  F.  Martin.  Water-supply 
Paper  251,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
Washington. 

Les  Accidentes  du  Grisou  (y  Compris 
LES  Explosions  de  Poussii-:REs)  Sur- 

VENUS    DANS    LES    MiNES    DE    HOUILLE 

DE  Belcique  DE  1891  A  1909,  by  V. 
Watteyne  and  Ad.  Breyre.  Extrait 
des  Annalcs  des  Mines  de  Belgique, 
Tome  XV,  1910. 
The  Country  Lying  Between  21°  .30' 
S.  Lat.  and  113°  30'  AND  118°  30' 
E.  Long.;  Embracing  Parts  of  the 
Gascoyne,  Ashburton  and  West  Pil- 
bara  Goldfields.  By  A.  Gihb  Mait- 
land.     With  Petrological  Notes  by  J. 


Allen  Thomson.  Bull.  No.  33,  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Western  Australia, 
Perth. 

Investigations  of  Coalfields  in  Wyom- 
ing   BY    the    United    States    Geo- 
logical Survey  in  1908.     By  R.  W. 
Stone,  C.  T.  Lupton,  H.  S.  Gale,  C. 
H.   Wegemann,   E.   G.  Woodruff,   M. 
W.  Ball,  Eugene  Stebinger  and  A.  R. 
Schultz.  Advance  chapter  from  Bull. 
No.  381,  Contributions  to   Economic 
Geology,   1909,   Part   II.    U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey,  Washington. 
Drainage    Reclamation    in    Tennessee. 
(First  Papers).    Bull.  3,  1910.    Con- 
taining:   Drainage  Problems  in  Ten- 
nessee, by   George   H.  Ashley;   Pre- 
liminary    Report     upon     the     Lands 
Overflowed  by  the  North  and  Middle 
Forks    of    Forked    Deer    River    and 
Rutherford  Fork  of  the  Obion  River 
in   Gibson   County,   Tenn.,  by   A.   E. 
Morgan    and    S.    H.    McCoy.      State 
Geological   Survey,   Nashville,   Tenn. 
Colorado    State     Geological     Survey, 
Bulletins  1  and  2,  1909.     Bulletin 
1    comprises   "A    Preliminary    report 
on  the  Geology  of  the  Monarch  Min- 
ing  District,   Chaffee   County,   Colo- 
rado." by  R.  D.  Crawford.     Bulletin 
,2  covers  the  "Geology  of  the  Gray- 
back  Mining  District,  Costilla  Coun- 
ty, Colorado."  by  Horace  B.   Patton, 
Charles  E.  Smith,  G.  M.  Butler  and 
Arthur  J.   Hoskin.     Office   of   R.    D. 
George,    State    Geologist,    Boulder, 
Colo. 
The  Canada   Year-book,    1909.     Second 
Series.     Census  and  Statistics  Office, 
Ottawa. 
This  statistical  volume  contains  a  full 
summary  of  the  census  and  customs  re- 
ports of  Canada   for  the   year;   together 
with  reports  of  mineral  production  and  a 
variety  of  other  statistics. 
Transvaal  Chamber  of  Mines;  Annual 
Report    for     1909.      Johannesburg, 
Transvaal. 
This   volume    contains    full    reports    of 
the  proceedings  of  the  Chamber  of  Mines 
durings   its   twentieth   year  of   existence. 
It    has    also    elaborate    statistical    tables 
giving  analyses  of  the  mineral  production, 
statements    of    labor    supply    and    other 
matters    relating    to    mines    and    mining. 
A   supplement    gives    a    list    of   all   com- 
panies registered  in  the  Transvaal  up  to 
the   end   of   1909,   with   particulars   as  to 
their  capital,  officers  and  ownership. 
The  Undeveloped  Areas  of -the  Great 
Central  and  Northern  Interior  of 
British  Columbia.     Bulletin  No.  22, 
1910.     Bureau  of  Provincial  Inform- 
ation, Victoria,  British  Columbia. 
This  is   a  description   of  the  extensive 
areas   in  the  central   and  northern    sec- 
tions of  British   Columbia  which  will  be 
opened  to  settlement  and  exploitation  by 
the  construction  of  the  Pacific  sections  of 
the   Grand   Trunk    Pacific  and   the   Great 
Northern  railroads.   The  agricultural  pos- 


sibilities are  good,  but  the  greatest  valui 
is  in  the  mineral  resources  which  are  a' 
yet  mainly  undeveloped  because  of  thi 
lack  of  transportation.  Preliminary  ex 
plorations  indicate  that  these  resource: 
m.ay  be  important,  and  that  great  develop 
ments  may  be  expected  when  the  rail 
roads  are  completed. 

Geologic  Reconnaissance  of  South 
western  Luzon.  By  George  I 
Adams.  Philippine  Journal  o 
Science,  Vol.  V,  No.  2. 
This  is,  we  believe,  the  first  connectei 
and  fairly  complete  account  in  the  Eng 
lish  language  of  the  large  region  directl 
tributary  to  Manila  in  the  Philippine; 
Such  literature  as  exists  in  relation  to  th 
district  is  rather  fragmentary  and  i 
chiefly  in  Spanish  or  German.  Mi 
Adams  has  endeavored  to  correlate  va 
rious  previous  publications,  chief! 
Spanish,  and  has  added  the  notes  of  ex 
tensive  recent  field  work.  The  result  i 
an  interesting  study.  The  region  present 
no  mining  possibilities,  except  in  the  de 
velopment  of  the  Bulacan  coal  deposits 
but  it  has  valuable  resources  in  buildin 
stone,  clays,  other  structural  and  cemeni 
making  materials.  It  is  the  section  of  tli 
island  which  is  best  known  and  on  whic 
money  has  been  expended  in  roadbuildin 
and  other  improvements.  A  large  part  c 
the  region  is  volcanic,  and  the  geology  i 
of  much  interest.  The  report  include 
one  large  map  and  a  number  of  smalle 
ones,  besides  some  excellent  photograph! 
reproductions. 

The  Engineering  Index  Annual  fo 
1909.  Engineering  Magazine,  Ne' 
York  and  London. 
This  is  the  twenty-sixth  year  of  thi 
publication,  the  usefulness  of  which  i 
now  well  established.  In  this,  as  in  th 
volumes  issued  for  the  last  four  year 
the  classified  system  of  arranging  tli 
items  is  followed  in  place  of  the  strii 
alphabetic  order  of  the  earlier  volume 
In  other  words,  the  articles  indexed  ai 
first  grouped  under  the  great  divisior 
of  engineering  practice  to  which  they  bi 
long— civil,  mechanical,  electrical,  minin; 
etc. — and  under  these  again  they  are-sut 
grouped  according  to  the  recognized  spi 
cial  divisions  of  each  field.  After  the? 
two  steps  have  been  taken  in  sorting  -tfi 
miscellaneous  literature  of  the-  day  int 
closely  related  sections,  the  final  arrangi 
ment  under  each  section  becomes  stricti 
alphabetical.  In  the  present  volume  th 
classifications  have  been  amplified  an 
made  more  distii.-t,  and  cross  reference 
have  been  freely  used.  The  list  of  pei 
iodicals  included  comprises  about  25 
publications,  representing  17  nations  an 
colonies  and  six  languages.  About  thret 
fourths  of  these  journals  are  printed  i 
English,  the  others  being  in  Germar 
French.  Spanish,  Italian  and  Dutch.  Wit 
every  entry  a  brief  descriptive  note  i 
given  defining  the  scope  and  purport  o 
the  article. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


779 


i      PERSONAL      i 


Mining  and  metaliurgical  ensiuoers  are  In- 
vihil  lo  kcop  Thk  Encinkkieini:  and  ftliNiNi: 
.(mi  i:.\.m.  inrormed  of  their  movcmonts  and 
;il'['"l"tm('nls. 


Claude  T.  Rice  paid  a  brief  visit  to 
Victoria,  B.  C,  late  in  September. 

Dr.  Frank  D.  Adams,  of  McGill  Uni- 
versity, Montreal,  has  returned  from  Eu- 
rope. 

R.  E.  Palmer,  chief  engineer  of  the  Rio 
Tinto  copper  mine,  Spain,  is  in  Van- 
couver. 

George  H.  Schickler,  of  Pittsburg,  has 
been  elected  president  of  the  McKean 
Coal  Company. 

Otto  Sussnian,  of  New  York,  uas  mar- 
ried, Oct.  5,  to  Miss  Edna  Bailey,  of  Salt 
Lake   City,    Utah. 

Sir  Alfred  M.  Mond,  of  the  Mond 
Nickel  Company  is  inspecting  the  com- 
pany's property  at  Sudbury,  Ontario. 
I  Arthur  Lakes  and  Arthur  Lakes,  Jr., 
lave  removed  their  offices  to  701,  Gas 
tnd  Electric  Building,  Denver,  Colorado. 

Diack  &  Smith,  chemical  engineers, 
lave  removed  their  office  and  laboratories 
0  No.  49  West  Larned  street,  Detroit, 
Michigan. 

Leighton  Stewart,  with  the  Mina  Santa 
-rancisco  Asientos,  Aguascalientes,  Mex- 
co,  is  dangerously  ill  of  typhoid  fever  at 
\guascalientes. 

F.  Augustus  Heinze  has  been  chosen 
iresident  of  the  Stewart  Mining  Com- 
>any  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district,  Idaho, 
n  place  of  G.  B.  Leonard. 

Fritz  Cirkel,  of  Montreal,  is  making  a 
our  of  the  Graphite  mines  in  the  Buck- 
ngham  district,  Quebec,  and  in  the  Ti- 
onderoga  district  in  New  York. 

William  B.  Anthony,  formerly  of 
vlichoacan,  and  at  one  time  connected 
^■ith  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  has 
ipened  an  office  at  Guanajuato,   Mexico. 

E.  Harms,  superintendent  of  Torreon 
melter,  Torreon,  Mexico,  is  away  on  a 
ronth's  trip  visiting  metallurgical  works 
ind  mines  in  Colorado,  Utah  and  Mon- 
ana. 

Victor  B.  Hjortsberg,  former  metal 
lerk  of  the  Grasselli  plant.  United  States 
■letais  Refining  Company,  has  been  ap- 
lointed  chief  clerk  and  cashier  at  that 
'lant. 

W.  F.  Evans,  of  Hartshorne.  Okla., 
hief  engineer.  Rock  Island  Coal  Mining 
-ompany,  has  been  appointed  general  su- 
■erintendent  to  succeed  H.  C.  Booth,  who 
las  returned  to  Illinois. 

^  Major  S.  K.  Hooper,  well  known  to  all 
>olorado  mining  men  as  general  pas- 
enger  agent  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande, 
las  been  made  assistant  to  the  general 
traffic  manager  of  the  road. 
I  Henry  M.  Payne,  general  field  man- 
iger  of  the   Hydraulic   Mining  Cartridge 


Company,  of  New  York,  sailed  from  New 
York  on  Oct.  6  for  a  business  trip 
through  the  coalfields  of  Mexico. 

C.  E.  Stuart,  who  left  the  employ  of  the 
Montana-Tonopah  Company  in  March 
last,  is  employed  as  mining  engineer  by 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company,  at  Angangueo,  Michoacan, 
Mexico. 

E.  Stiitz,  vice-president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Goldschmidt  Thermit 
Company.  New  York,  retired  Oct.  1,  from 
the  direction  of  the  company,  which 
passes  under  the  management  of  Wil- 
liam C.  Cuntz. 

Joseph  T.  Singlewald,  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  Baltimore,  has  returned 
fiom  Europe,  where  he  spent  a  year 
studying  mine  operations  in  France  and 
Germany.  He  is  now  engaged  in  research 
work  in  economic  geology. 

J.  B.  Fleming,  having  completed  the 
rebuilding  of  the  Goldfield  Consolidated 
mill  at  Goldfield,  is  now  engaged  in  the 
construction  of  a  stamp  mill  and  cyanide 
plant  for  the  Nevada  Hills  Mining  Com- 
pany at  Fairview,  Nevada. 

John  Cooper  has  resigned  as  mine  sup- 
erintendenl  of  the  Mexico  Mines  of  El 
Oro,  in  order  to  further  his  railroad  in- 
terests in  the  State  of  Zacatecas,  Mexico. 
As  a  token  of  esteem  his  underground 
employees  presented  him  with  a  gold 
watch. 

Eli  T.  Conner  announces  that  to  prop- 
erly care  for  important  professional  en- 
gagements in  the  Lackawanna  and  Wy- 
oming regions  of  Pennsylvania,  he  has 
opened  a  temporary  office  in  the  Traders' 
National  Bank  building,  Scranton,  Pcnn. 
His  Philadelphia  office  in  the  Real  Estate 
Trust  building  will  be  open  as  usual. 

A  banquet  was  given  by  200  engi- 
neering graduates  of  the  University  of 
Toronto,  on  Oct.  5,  to  R.  W.  Leonard, 
who  succeeds  Prof.  Goldwin  Smith  on  the 
board  of  governors.  W.  E.  H.  Carter 
presided.  H.  Fairlie  in  introducing  the 
guest  of  the  evening  dwelt  on  the  im- 
portance of  having  on  the  board  one  who 
is  in  close  practical  touch  with  engi- 
neering work. 

Dr.  Herbert  Gray  Torrey  has  tendered 
his  resignation  as  chief  assayer  of  the 
New  York  assay  office.  He  entered  the 
office  first  49  years  ago  as  assistant  to 
his  father,  the  late  Dr.  Torrey,  who  was 
appointed  when  the  office  was  first  es- 
tablished. He  became  chief  assayer 
when  his  father  died,  and  has  held  that 
important  position  for  37  years,  conduct- 
ing the  work  without  a  break  and  with 
entire  satisfaction  for  all  that  time;  for 
years  past  in  the  face  of  many  difficulties 
arising  from  the  limited  space  and  the  in- 
sufficient equipment  of  the  office.  The 
handling  and  testing  of  575,000,000  or 
880.000,000  of  the  precious  metals,  which 
has  been  required  in  recent  years,  is  no 
mean    task.      Or.    Torrey    has    introduced 


many  improvements,  and  has  been  large- 
ly responsible  for  the  plans  of  the  new 
office  building,  now  nearly  ready  for  use. 
He  will  hereafter  devote  his  time  to  con- 
sulting metallurgical  work. 


+11   OB  I  TUARV  1[^ 


Richard  Wood  died  in  Philadelphia. 
Sept.  29,  aged  7(j  years.  He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  and  when  a  young  man 
entered  business  with  his  father,  later 
becoming  a  member  of  the  firm  and  then 
an  officer  in  the  corporation  of  R.  D. 
Wood  &  Co.  Outside  of  the  company  he 
was  interested  in  iron  mining  in  Virginia, 
and  was  also  part  owner  of  some  copper 
mines  in  Mexico. 

William  Whitwell,  of  William  Whitwell 
&  Co.,  owners  of  the  Thornaby  Iron 
Works,  Thornaby-on-Tees,  died  at  Scar- 
borough, England,  Sept.  19,  aged  75 
years.  He  was  one  of  the  prominent  fig- 
ures of  the  past  half  century  in  the  iron 
trade  of  the  Cleveland  district  and  was 
known  best  for  his  cfforti  over  a  long 
period  of  years  to  further  the  adjustment 
of  industrial  difficulties  by  arbitration  and 
conciliation.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
in  1809  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Arbitration  for  the  Manufactured  Iron 
and  Steel  Trade  of  the  North  of  England 
and  was  president  of  the  board  from  1875 
to  1907.  He  was  one  of  the  first  among 
English  iron  manufacturers  to  recognize 
the  value  of  the  iron  ores  of  Bilbao.  He 
was  president  of  the  Iron  and  Steel  Insti- 
tute in  1901-1903  and  accompanied  the 
Institute  on  its  American  four  six  years 
ago. 


^  S0CIETIES^</TECHN1CAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society — 'The 
following  have  been  elected  to  member- 
ship: Robert  Oilman  Brown,  Benedict 
Crowell,  James  S.  Douglas,  Ernst  F.  En- 
rich, B.  Britton  Gottsberger,  Robert  Peele. 
Dennis  M.  Riordan  and  Bradley  Stough- 
ton. 

Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Mines — It  is 
intended  to  establish  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
an  important  collection  of  rocks  and  ores, 
illustrating  the  economic  geology  and 
mining  industry  of  the  tributary  region. 
The  matter  has  been  undertaken  by  the 
Chamber  of  Mines  and  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  committee,  of  which  J.  Nelson 
Nevius  is  chairman.  Space  in  the  Ger- 
main building  has  been  secured  and  a 
part  of  the  material  is  already  on  exhi- 
bition. It  is  proposed  that  the  collection 
shall  be  systematic.  Earnest  effort  is  be- 
ing directed  toward  making  it  also  truth- 
ful and  representative.  Donations  are  re- 
quested and  will  be  installed  and  exhib- 
ited free  of  expense,  provided  that  they 
conform  in  character  to  the  very  reason- 
able regulations  adopted  by  the  com- 
mittee. 


780 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Reports     From     Our     Q-wn     Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      TvIarL^      Important 
''        -^      Minintf     Centers    of     the  -World       -^ 


San  Francisco 

Qct.  10 — There  is  unusual  activity  in 
both  quartz  and  placer  mining  in  the 
southern  section  of  Plumas  county,  near 
the  northern  Sierra  county  line.  A  new 
and  promising  strike  has  been  made  in 
the  Little  Grass  Valley,  or  Quigley  mine, 
three  miles  north  of  La  Porte,  where  ex- 
tensive drifts  have  been  run  through  the 
gravel  deposit.  A  mill  is  being  put  up 
to  crush  the  cemented  gravel.  In  the 
Bellevue,  gravel  running  as  high  as  S35  a 
cu.yd.  has  been  found.  There  are  large 
areas  of  undeveloped  gravel  on  the  Gib- 
sonville  and  Mooreville  ridges,  which 
unite  at  a  point  between  La  Porte  and 
Little  Grass  Valley.  The  same  conditions 
exist  in  the  vicinity  of  Saw  Pit,  Onion 
Valley  and  Blue  Nose.  Greater  activity 
is  also  being  shown  along  the  grave! 
channel  near  Howland  flat,  Poker  flat  and 
Bunker  hill,  in  Sierra  county,  as  well  as 
in  the  drift  mines  around  Table  Rock, 
Sugar  Loaf  and  along  the  ridge  where  the 
Port  Wine  lead  exists. 

At  Sierra  City,  Sierra  county,  there  is 
also  notable  activity,  particularly  in 
quartz.  This  is  an  old  camp  both  for 
quartz  and  hydraulic  mining.  At  the  head 
of  Ladies  canon,  in  the  Lee  Brothers 
clairn,  under  bond  to  Charles  R.  Thomp- 
son, there  has  been  found  one  of  the  rich- 
est oreshoots  ever  discovered  in  the 
county.  In  the  claim  of  Lewis  Brothers, 
of  Sierra  City,  on  the  Keystone  ridge, 
very  high-grade  ore  has  been  discovered, 
and  fine  specimens  are  being  taken  out. 
The  old  Sierra  Buttes  mine  is  running  20 
stamps  and  doing  well  again,  though  it 
lay  virtually  abandoned  for  some  years. 
The  Keystone,  also  given  up  for  a  period 
of  years,  is  again  working  10  stamps. 
The  Phoenix  is  being  rehabilitated  and  the 
mill  is  soon  to  be  in  readiness.  The  Hayes 
mine,  two  miles  from  Sierra  City,  is  also 
.  being  reopened  and  other  old  properties 
are  being  developed.  All  this  is  making 
Sierra  City  one  of  the  liveliest  of  the 
mountain  towns.  The  place  is  at  a  high 
elevation  and  supplies  and  stores  for  the 
winter  have  to  be  hauled  in  during  the 
summer  months.  There  are  still  numbers 
of  known  quartz  mines  in  that  vicinity 
in  which  little  is  being  done,  but  capital 
has  come  into  that  section  so  that  many 
will  be  put  in  shape  for  working  before 
long. 


had  been  for  90  days  shipping  six  and 
seven  cars  of  ore  a  week  which  aver- 
aged S7000  per  car,  including  two  cars 
which  were  settled  for  by  the  smeltery  for 
.^14,000  and  S25,000  respectively,  and 
that  one  car  reached  the  smeltery  under 
guard  of  ten  armed  men.  It  was  stated 
that  the  ore  was  sent  to  the  Durango 
smeltery.  It  was  also  stated  that  the 
mine  was  collecting  a  carload  of  ore  which 
would  be  worth  ,S  100,000.  Now,  no  such 
shipments  as  ,'^14,000  and  525,000  per  car 
have  ever  been  made  from  the  above 
property.  It  is  a  fact,  however,  that  quite 
a  number  of  carloads  have  been  shipped 
that  ran  from  ,S8000  to  SI 2,000,  but  these 
were  exceptional.  The  mine  is  a  great 
producer,  and  puts  out  much  rich  ore. 

The  Pelican  and  Dives,  at  Silver  Plume, 
above  Georgetown,  is  certainly  "coming 
tack."  It  has  a  grand  early  record,  and 
appears  likely  now  to  nearly  repeat  it- 
self. This  mine  is  on  Republican  moun- 
tain, and  was  discovered  in  1868,  but 
produced  but  little  until  1871,  when,  in  a 
few  months,  the  owners  took  out  ore  of 
a  bullion  value  of  about  $122,000.  Then 
litigation  began,  and  the  Pelican  and 
Dives  were  separated.  In  six  years,  up 
to  1878,  the  Pelican  paid  S652,000  profit 
on  ore  mined.  Its  total  silver  product  to 
that  date  was  about  Sl,500,000.  In  1880, 
Gen.  Francis  Marshall  organized  the 
Pelican  and  Dives  Mining  Company,  in 
New  York,  the  two  mines  being  again 
consolidated.  The  capital  stock  was 
,S5,000,000,  held  mainly  among  the  lead- 
ing officials  of  the  telegraph,  telephone 
and  express  companies,  with  Norvin 
Green  as  president.  So  much  for  the 
early  history.  A  lease  is  now  being  op- 
erated on  the  Pelican  by  the  Burleigh 
Mining  and  Milling  Company,  and  it  is 
just  reported  that  an  orebody  6  to  7  ft. 
in  width  has  been  exposed  in  the  winze 
sunk  below  the  Pelican  tunnel,  the  whole 
of  which,  it  is  stated,  is  smelting  grade. 


Denver 

Oct.    10 — Recently    local   papers    have 

published    reports   that   the    Idaho   mine, 

in  the  La  Plata  mountains.  10  miles  west 

of    Durango,    near    Hesperus    mountain. 


Butte 

Oct.  10 — At  the  Commercial  Club  in 
Helena,  there  was  held  last  week  a  meet- 
ing called  by  H.  S.  Taylor,  of  Seattle,  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing  a  chapter  of 
the  American  Mining  Congress.  Edward 
Horsky  was  elected  chairman,  and  L.  S. 
Ropes,  secretary.  No  steps  were  taken 
at  the  meeting  other  than  to  outline  the 
procedure  necessary  to  found  a  local 
chapter  and  the  appointment  of  a  com- 
mittee to  solicit  members.  J.  A.  Walsh, 
R.  A.  Bell,  H.  Topel  and  J.  J.  Fisher. 

There  is  a  persistent  rumor  that  the 
North     Butte     company     is     endeavoring 


to  settle  its  suit  against  the  Tuolumne  out 
of  court.  It  is  stated  that  North  Butte 
has  offered  President  Hickey,  of  the 
Tuolumne  company,  a  fair  price  for  con- 
trol of  the  stock,  but  that  Hickey  re- 
fuses to  compromise  unless  the  minority 
stockholders  be  taken  care  of  on  the  same 
basis.  It  is  also  said  that  North  Butte 
has  offered  to  trade  its  stock  for  Tuolumne 
on  the  basis  of  1 :6  and  that  the  Tuolumne 
people  are  holding  out  for  a  1  :4  basis 
but.  from  the  very  nature  of  the  mat- 
ter, definite  information  is  practically  im- 
possible to  obtain. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Oct.  10 — On  account  of  the  decreased 
production  of  some  of  the  Park  City 
m.ines  the  supply  of  lead  ores  coming  to 
the  Valley  smelteries  is  below  the  nor- 
mal. For  several  months  the  Silver  King- 
Coalition  has  been  shipping  only  about 
one-third  of  its  usual  output,  and  re- 
cently the  Daly-West  has  cut  shipments 
to  the  same  amount  or  less.  These  two 
mines  were  the  principal  shippers  to  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany plant  at  Murray.  It  is  reported  that 
the  plant  is  not  operating  at  much  more 
than  60  per  cent,  of  its  normal  capacity, 
and  has  four  blast  furnaces  in  operation 
on  lead  ores,  the  furnace  on  matte  con- 
centration having  been  cut  out.  At  Mid- 
vale  the  United  States  company  is  run- 
ning five  furnaces  on  custom  ores  and  or 
ores  from  its  mines  in  Bingham  and  Tin- 
tic.  The  Centennial-Eureka,  now  thai 
the  new  pumps  are  in  working  order  is 
increasing  production  somewhat,  though 
the  average  is  still  300  to  350  tons  daily 
At  Garfield  three  blast  furnaces  out  ol 
four,  and  five  reverberatories  are  operat- 
ing. About  250  tons  of  copper  is  pro 
duced  daily  at  very  low  actual  smelting 
and  converting  cost.  The  capacity  of  the 
plant  is  being  increased.  An  additional 
reverberatory  furnace  is  being  built,  and 
one  more  basic  lined  converter  of  the 
Peirce  &  Smith  type  is  to  be  added 
There  are  now  five  of  these  converters 
of  which  three  are  in  use.  They  are  giv- 
ing good  results  and  turn  out  from  lOOf 
up  to  ,3000  tons  of  blister  copper  without 
refining.  From  70  to  90  tons  of  matte 
are  converted  in  a  blow  and  the  con- 
verters have  turned  out  as  high  as  62 
tons  of  blister  copper  at  one  charge.  The 
usual  amount  is  from  25  to  40  tons  ol 
blister  copper.  Several  tons  of  Utah 
Copper  concentrates  carrying  from  25  to 
30  per  cent,  silica  are  added  at  intervals 
to  furnish  silica  for  the  flux.  From  two 
to  five  tons  is  the  usual  amount,  but  up 


October  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


781 


0  seven  tons  can  be  added  without  ehill- 
ng.  The  converters  do  not  require  fre- 
uent  relining.  and  last  a  month  or  long- 
r  in  some  cases  without  repairs.  The 
reate?t  wear  is  at  the  tuyeres,  on  ac- 
ount  of  the  breaking  of  pieces  of  mag- 
esia  brick,  when  the  tuyeres  are  rodded 
J  keep  them  clear.  The  lining  here  is 
rom  24  to  30  in.   thick. 

Duluth 
Oct.  6 — Mine  inspector  W.  H.  Harvey 
as  filed  his  annual  report.  The  report 
:ates  that  the  total  number  of  men  em- 
ioyed  in  mines  of  St.  Louis  county,  was 
7,613,  of  which  7813  were  employed  un- 
crground  and  867  on  the  surface  of  the 
nderground  mines.  In  the  open  pit 
lining  4054  men  were  employed  in  min- 
ig,  and  4879  in  stripping.  The  daily 
age  for  the  underground  employees  is 
2.50  per  day,  and  for  open  pit  and 
•silled  workers  the  average  is  S2.80  per 
ly.  The  ratio  of  fatal  accidents  de- 
eased  from  4.59  to  3.95  per  1000.  Dur- 
ig  the  year  ended  July  1,  1910,  the  re- 
."•rt  says  that  the  underground  mines 
roduced  10,577,624  tons,  while  the  open 
its  yielded  20,667,751  tons. 
The  cubic  yards  of  stripping  amounted 

1  45,902,178;  railroad  ties  used  in  min- 
:g  work,  353,679;  lumber  28,258.934 
.  and  lagging  53,872  cords. 

Birmingham,   Ala. 

Oct.  10 — The  Alaga  Mining  Company, 
hich  has  several  thousand  acres  of 
•own-ore  land  under  development  in 
herokee  county,  near  the  Georgia  line, 

making  further  developments  that  will 
ist  S150.000.  The  company  has  made 
Tangements  to  increase  its  output  and 
is  found  customers  for  its  product. 

The  Bessemer  rolling  mills,  belonging 

the  Tennessee  Coal.  Iron  and  Railroad 
ompany,  near  Birmingham,  have  had  a 
iw  plate  mill  installed  and  the  largest 
ates  ever  manufactured  in  this  section 
f  the  country  are  now  being  produced. 

Much  progress  is  reported  in  the  de- 
;lopments  being  made  by  the  Tennessee 
)mpany  and  the  American  Steel  and 
'ire  Company,  in  the  vicinity  of  Bir- 
inghani,  and  by  the  middle  of  next  year 
le  new  plants  will  have  been  completed 
id  ready  for  operation. 

Authoritative  figures  recently  issued 
low  Alabama's  pig-iron  production  for 
eptember  to  have  been  149,829  tons 
lainst  141,097  tons  in  August  and  151,- 
33  in  September  of  last  year.  For  the 
rst  nine  months  of  this  year,  Alabama 
roduced  1,435,198  tons  of  pig  iron 
'?ainst  1,174,499  tons  during  the  same 
eriod  last  year. 


Cobalt 
Oct.  11— The  buildings  of  the  Mines 
|Ower  Company  sub.station  in  South 
orrain  are  completed  and  most  of  the 
lachiner/  is  on  the  ground.  It  is  also 
:ated    that    the -company    will    install    a 


1500-cu.ft.  electric-driven  air  compressor, 
with  which  it  will  supply  compressed  air 
to  some  of  the  smaller  mines.  The  elec- 
tric energy  will  be  ready  for  distribution 
in  about  a  month,  and  will  give  a  con- 
siderable impetus  to  mining  operations 
in  that  district. 

The  e.vtremely  heavy  rains  during  the 
last  two  weeks  have  greatly  hampered 
the  freight  and  passenger  service  into 
Porcupine.  The  roads  are  in  bad  shape, 
and  teams  can  haul  only  a  very  small 
load.  In  the  meantime  the  freight  is  pil- 
ing up  and  operators  are  anxiously  wait- 
ing for  the  freezeup.  It  is  estimated  that 
this  winter  there  will  be  from  300  to  400 
teams  on  the  Kelso  route.  Shippers  are 
complaining  greatly  about  the  loss  of 
goods  on  the  trail  by  thieving. 

Toronto 

Oct.  9— Charles  Russell  and  H.  E.  Tie- 
bur,  representing  American  oil-refining  in- 
terests, have  made  an  inspection  of  the 
oil  shales  in  Albert  county.  New  Bruns- 
wick, and  have  made  an  offer  to  the 
General  Oil  Shales  Company,  of  Can- 
ada, which  holds  large  areas  in  that  lo- 
cality to  purchase  the  entire  output  of  the 
property  for  a  term  of  25  years  at  a  fixed 
price  for  refining  purposes.  They  pro- 
pose to  build  a  refinery  either  at  Hills- 
boro  or  St.  John,  to  connect  with  the 
mines  by  a  pipe. 

A  meeting  of  a  number  of  representa- 
tives of  companies  manufacturing  explo- 
sives and  others  interested  in  the  pro- 
posed legislation  affecting  their  manufac- 
ture and  use,  was  held  at  Ottawa,  on 
Sept.  23.  Dr.  Eugene  Haanel,  director 
of  mines,  presided.  Capt.  A.  P.  Des- 
borough,  the  British  explosives  expert, 
who  is  in  Canada  for  the  purpose  of  mak- 
ing preparatory  investigations,  was  in  at- 
tendance and  gave  an  outline  of  the  rec- 
ommendations to  be  made  in  his  official 
report.  These  include  the  establishment 
of  a  testing  station  at  Ottawa,  at  which 
samples  of  all  explosives  manufactured 
or  sold  in  Canada  must  be  tested,  and 
the  passing  of  legislation  to  prevent  the 
establishment  of  an  explosive-making  in- 
dustry until  a  federal  license  had  been 
obtained.  He  pointed  out  that  the  pres- 
ent regulations  were  exceedingly  loose, 
'here  being  a  division  of  authority  be- 
tween the  federal  government,  the  provin- 
cial government  and  the  municipal  bodies. 
A  system  of  regular  inspection  of  fac- 
tories by  government  officials  was  also 
recoiTimended. 

Victoria.  B.C. 

Oct.  7— R.  G.  McConnell,  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  branch  of  the  Department 
of  Mines,  who  spent  the  field-work  season 
of  1910  in  making  investigations  in  the 
Portland  Canal  district  of  British  Colum- 
bia, with  an  assistant  geologist  and  a 
topographer,  says:  "There  is  not  a  large 
area  pf  mineralization  in  the  Portland 
Canal  district,   but  it  is  yet  a  little  pre- 


mature to  pass  any  final  opinion  respect- 
ing the  possibilities  of  mining  there.  With 
only  two  noteworthy  exceptions,  most  of 
the  work  done  has  been  superficial.  Own- 
ers of  claims  have  been  chiefly  occupied 
during  the  past  season  in  cutting  out 
roads  and  trails,  prospecting  the  surface 
and  getting  in  supplies.  I  visited  various 
camps  and  saw  some  promising  prospects. 
Conditions  in  the  Salmon  River  district, 
farther  inland,  are  much  the  same  as  in 
the  Portland  Canal  country.  At 
Salmon  River  I  also  saw  a  number  of 
good  showings,  but  no  orebody  has  yet 
been  outlined  or  proved  up.  The  ore 
yields  principally  in  gold,  silver,  and 
lead.  I  was  shown  fine  specimens  of  gold 
ore,  which,  according  to  report,  had  been 
found  this  season  across  the  divide,  in  the 
Nass  River  district.  It  was  unfortunate 
that  sensational  and  untruthful  reports 
about  the  discovery  of  rich  free-milling 
gold  ores  on  Bitter  creek,  were  sent 
broadcast  last  June.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
the  existence  of  free-milling  ore  on  Bit- 
ter creek  has  not  yet  been  established. 
It  is  true  that  specimens  of  free  gold  in 
small  quantities  were  found.  Similar  ex- 
aggeration took  place  concerning  the  so 
called  gold'placers  on  Bitter  creek,  which 
has  been  staked  from  end  to  end.  If  the 
gold  is  there,  nobody  has  yet  tried  to 
get  it  out."' 

Mexico  City 

Oct.  6 — It  is  announced  that  a  com- 
pany has  been  formed  in  Denver  to  fi- 
nance an  extensive  plan  of  hydroelectric 
development  for  the  west  coast  of  Mex- 
ico, utilizing  the  Mayo,  Humaya  and 
Santiago  rivers.  Among  the  Denver  peo- 
ple meniioned  as  being  identified  with 
the  project  are  Thomas  Keeley,  J.  B. 
Andrews,  F.  F.  Struby,  Dr.  L.  T.  Durbin. 
Dr.  John  T.  Foster,  Dr.  I.  B.  Perkins  and 
W.  O.  Temple. 

The  transmission  lines  will  extend 
from  Guaymas  to  Santiago,  1200  miles. 
Twenty  cities  along  the  west  coast  of 
Mexico,  eight  of  wJiich  have  electric 
street-car  systems,  will  be  supplied  with 
pcwer  as  well  as  the  railroads  and  mines. 
The  entire  cost  of  the  system  when 
finished  will  be  S5,682,000  and  it  will 
generate  over  300,000  h.p.  The  power 
project  on  Rio  Mayo,  in  Sonora,  Mexico, 
includes  a  dam  170  ft.  high,  260  ft.  long 
at  the  top  and  a  reservoir  capacity  of 
10,280.000,000  cu.ft.  The  Rio  Humaya 
project  includes  a  dam  223  ft.  high,  708 
ft  at  the  top  and  a  reservoir  capacity  of 
11,384,500,000  cu.ft.  The  Rio  Santiago 
project  includes  a  dtm  215  ft.  high,  145 
ft.  long  and  9,360,000,000  cu.ft.  capacity. 
The  cost  of  the  three  plants  will  be  S3,- 
609,000.  The  cost  of  the  transmission 
lines  will  be  .'^2,000,000. 

It  is  also  reported  that  the  Southern 
Pacific  railroad  in  Mexico  will  use  the 
power  for  part  of  its  Mexican  systein. 

Work  is  to  be  begun  at  once  under 
charge  of  R.  M.  Jones,  of  Denver. 


782 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


y 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


Reports  of  Ne>v  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Inst  allations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         Tlie   Current  History  of    Mining" 


Alaska 

John  B.  Denney,  of  Seattle,  who  owns 
property  in  the  basin  back  of  Juneau, 
has  secured  the  stamp  mill  used  several 
years  ago  at  Snettisham,  and  will  use  it. 

Fairhaven  Ditch  Company — As  a  re- 
sult of  the  operation  of  a  hydraulic  ele- 
vator $50,000  in  gold  was  cleaned  up  this 
season  from  a  property  a  short  distance 
from  Candle. 

Alaska  Gold  Exploration  and  Dei'elop- 
ment — This  company  has  secured  control 
of  eight  claims  near  Seward,  and  will  de- 
velop. Headquarters  are  at  North  Yak- 
ima, Wash.     Phil.  A.  Ditter  president. 

Otterson — This  property,  about  50 
miles  from  Juneau,  is  being  steadily 
worked.  C.  S.  Otterson,  of  Seattle,  is 
president. 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 
Calumet  &  Arizona — The  company  is 
taking  advantage  of  the  curtailment  by 
both  itself  and  the  Superior  &  Pittsburg 
to  increase  the  size  of  its  smeltery  by 
enlarging  its  blast  furnaces  to  permit  of 
the  treatment  of  600  tons  additional  ore 
per  day,  bringing  the  total  capacity  to 
3000  tons  per  day.  The  dust  chamber 
is  also  being  enlarged. 

Gila  County 

Arizona  Commercial — Ore  is  reported 
in  the  drill  holes  on  the  700-ft.  level. 
The  company  is  at  work  on  the  fourth 
hole  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  700  level 
toward  the  Superior  &  Boston  line.  A  fifth 
hole  will  soon  be  sunk  200  ft.  west  of 
the  Eureka  shaft.  An  official  of  the  com- 
pany made  the  statement  that  in  all  prob- 
ability the  Copper  Hill  smeltery  would 
be  in  commission  by  Jan.  1. 

Superior  &  Globe — The  drill  on  the 
660- ft.  level  is  300  ft.  below  that  level, 
one-half  of  the  ultimate  depth. 

California 

Calaveras  County 

At  Skull  Flat  near  West  Point,  the  Star 
of  the  West,  an  old  mine,  is  being  sunk 
upon  and  new  hoisting  and  pumping  ma- 
chinery is  being  put  in.  The  Morning 
Star,  owned  by  C.  Gilbertson,  is  taking 
out  shipping  ore  from  the  tunnel.  The 
new  shaft  in  the  Smith  &  Thompson  is 
showing  quartz  in  the  bottom.  High- 
grade  ore  is  being  sacked  at  the  M.  R.  G. 
mine. 

Eldorado  County 

Rising  Hope — In  this  gravel  mine  near 
Placerville,   being    reopened    under   bond 


by  J.  R.  Partridge  and  George  W.  Engel- 
hardt,  of  New  York,  while  extending  an 
old  tunnel,  a  fine  body  of  gold-bearing 
gravel  has  been  struck,  extending  75  ft. 
across  the  channel.  The  Try-Again  claim 
adjoining  has  also  been  secured  by  the 
same  parties. 

Humboldt  County 

Klamath  River — This  company  has  a 
lease  of  the  Miller  Brothers  group  of  hy- 
draulic mines  near  Weitchpec,  covering  a 
stretch  of  gravel  about  a  mile  long,  400 
yd.  wide  and  30  ft.  deep.  The  plant  has 
been  put  in  order  ready  for  the  water 
brought  by  the  winter  rains.  C.  A.  Sam- 
ple is  manager. 

California — This  mining  and  dredging 
syndicate  of  Orleans  has  concluded  a 
successful  hydraulicking  season  and  is 
putting  the  ditches  and  flumes  in  order  for 
an  early  start  in  the  coming  season,  when 
the  heavy  rains  come.  The  company  ex- 
pects to  install  a  dredge  shortly  to  work  a 
large  acreage  of  shallow  gravel  which 
can  be  better  worked  by  this  method  than 
by  the  hydraulic  system.  The  dredge  will 
also  be  used  to  work  river  bars. 

Kern  County 
Kern-Piute — This  company  at  Piute  has 
just  put  new  boilers  in  the  mill  and  the 
concentrating  plant  will  shortly  be  com- 
pleted. The  mine,  at  an  elevation  of  8000 
ft.,  will  be   operated  all   winter. 

Mariposa  County 

Bullion  Hill — This  Los  Angeles  com- 
pany has  started  work  on  the  American 
Eagle  group  of  mines  near  Hornitos, 
which  has  been  bonded  by  it  from  L. 
Valverde  and  John  Morrison.  The  prop- 
erty will  be  developed  on  a  large  scale. 
J    E.  Meyer  is  president. 

Mono  County 

Casa  Diablo — The  last  fortnightly  clean 
up  was  216  oz.  of  gold.  The  tunnel  is 
now  in  1 100  ft.  and  is  expected  shortly 
to  cut  the  Granite  Mountain  vein. 

Midas  Gold  Gravel  Mines  Company — 
This  company  has  been  organized  to 
work  placer  claims  near  Midas.  George 
W.  Langford  and  W.  H.  Clary  are  among 
the  incorporators. 

Nevada  County 

Andy  Fitz — The  work  of  installing  the 
new  machinery  at  this  mine  near  Moores 
Flat  has  been  completed  and  operations 
will  now  be  resumed  on  the  property. 

Placer  County 
Red  Bird — George  A.  Tubb  is  about  to 
commence  active  operations  on  this  mine 


near  Colfax,  and  has  also  purchased  the 
Wollaster  claim  adjoining. 

Plumas  County 

Golden  Horse  Shoe — This  new  com- 
pany has  been  organized  by  R.  M.  Pea- 
body,  W.  T.  Stone  and  others  to  cut  a 
tunnel  through  Horse  Shoe  bend,  south 
of  Quincy,  and  drain  a  long  stretch  of  the 
Middle  Fork  of  the  Feather  river  for 
mining  purposes. 

Sacramento  County 

Eckhardt — This  mine  near  Folsom  wil' 
shortly  be  reopened. 

Union  Dredging  Company — This  com- 
pany, organized  by  Philadelphia  capital- 
ists, has  bought  200  acres  near  Folsom 
from  Mrs.  Louise  Fassler,  of  the  Willow 
Springs  ranch,  and  will  build  several 
dredges.  The  land  has  been  under  bond 
to  the  company  for  some  time  and  has 
been  thoroughly  prospected  by  drills 
More  or  less  drift  mining  has  been  done 
in  that  vicinity. 

San  Luis  Obispo  County 
W.  J.  McCarthy  is  developing  the  Mc- 
Carthy and  Dorsey  quartz  claims  in  the 
Lp  Panza  district,  by  tunnels.  In  the  wei 
season  a  hundred  or  more  men  work  the 
placers  in  this  district  but  no  quartz-min 
ing  has  been  done. 

Shasta  County 

The  Consolidated  Gold  Dredging  Com- 
pany's dredge,  costing  over  $100,000 
sank  in  the  Sacramento  river  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Middle  creek,  three  mile; 
above  Redding.  W.  D.  Egilbert,  the  super- 
intendent, estimates  the  damage  at  less 
than  SIOOO.     The  dredge  will  be  raised 

Monarch — The  road  from  Kennett  t( 
this  newly  discovered  mine  has  been  com 
pleted  and  shipping  of  ore  has  coin 
menced. 

Sierra  County 

Sierra  Suites — Recent  developments 
in  this  property  at  Sierra  City  have  led 
the  Hayes  Brothers,  owners,  to  install  o' 
compressor. 

Gibraltar — The  drift  from  the  bottom 
of  the  310-ft.  shaft  has  run  into  high- 
grade  gravel.  The  Kieffer  Brothers  are 
the  owners. 

Hayes — This  mine  at  Loganville  has 
been  bonded  to  S.  W.  Van  Sycklen,  who 
will   develop   it. 

Tuolumne  County 

Greenhorn  and  One  Chance — These 
claims  near  Rawhide  have  been  bonded 
to  W.  T.  Watson,  who  has  started  work. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


783 


Daffield — A  lO-stamp  mill  has  been 
taken  to  this  mine  near  Arastraville  and 
,1   hoist   and   compressor  installed. 

Black  Oak — This  mine  at  Soulsbyville 
has  been  unwatered  and  in  a  few  days 
the  winze  below  the  1500  level  will  be 
cleaned  out  and  the  work  of  sinking  the 
vl;aft  commenced. 

Oil 

At  Bakersfield,  the  bringing  in  of  oil  on 
the  Kern-Maverick,  in  the  northeast  cor- 
ner of  the  northwest  quarter  of  section 
12,  T.  29.  R.  27  is  important  in  proving 
the  still  larger  territory  of  the  Kern  River 
field,  and  that  the  oil-belt  extends  a  half 
mile  further  in  the-  northwest  section  than 
previously  known.  The  Kern  Oil  Fields, 
Ltd.,  of  California,  one  of  the  large  Eng- 
lish companies,  has  signed  a  contract  with 
the  San  Joaquin  Light  and  Power  Com- 
pany, whereby  that  company  will  furnish 
in  the  neighborhood  of  2500  h.p.,  which 
is  proposes  to  use.  This  is  the  first  oil 
company  to  install  electric  power  in  the 
Kern  River  field. 

At  Maricopa  the  Consolidated  Midway 
has  reduced  the  10-in.  casing  through 
which  the  oil  was  gushing  by  stages  to 
[Yi  in.  Well  No.  1  of  the  Midway  North- 
;m,  in  section  32  T.  12-R.,  23,  is  produc- 
ng  about  2500  bbl.  daily,  part  of  this  pro- 
iuction  is  being  placed  m  storage. 
•  At  Coalinga,  the  Southeast  Oil  Com- 
)any.  Well  No.  1  in  the  northwest  corner 
)f  section  18  T.  20-R.  16  has  struck  the 
>il  sand  at  3540  ft.,  this  is  stated  to  be 
ust  east  of  the  apex  of  the  anticline 
tnd  is  in  an  unproven  territory.  The 
..acey  Oil  Company  in  section  34,  T  25-R. 
8  has  a  showing  of  high-gravity  oil, 
esting  from  32  to  34  gravity;  the  well 
s  down  approximately  1000  ft. 

Admiral  R.  D.  Evans  has  purchased  the 
ellowstone  Oil  Company  property  of  20 
.cres,  in  the  Kern  River  district,  45  acres 
n  the  McKitterick  field  and  160  acres  in 
he  Sunset  field.  The  Mascot  property  in 
he  Midway  field,  and  the  Premier  prop- 
rty  of  160  acres  at  Coalinga. 


Colorado 

Boulder   County 

Two  cars  of  tungsten  ore  from  the 
■rigid  mines  are  ready  for  shipment  to 
he  Eureka  mill,  at  Boulder.  A.  R.  Krum 
^  manager.  The  new  mill  of  the  Tungsten 
lining  and  Milling  Company,  on  Beaver 
reek,  is  in  full  operation. 

Clear  Crff.k  and  Gilpin  Counties 

The  shipments  of  ore  and  concentrates 
1  the  valley  smelteries  from  Idaho 
•prings  during  September  were  129  car- 
pads,  being  a  considerable  increase  over 
ny  month  in  the  last  year  and  a  half. 
'he  average  for  this  year  has  been  109 
iarloads  per  month. 

Seven-Thirty — The  lessees  on  this 
Georgetown  mine  have  been  shipping 
|ilver-lead  ore  worth  SI 50  per  ton  for 
|ome  time,  and  now  have  a  streak  3  in. 
■•ide  which  runs  many  hundreds  of  ounces 


silver,  and  an  ounce  of  gold  per  ton.  They 
are  installing  machine  drills,  and  will  de- 
velop extensively. 

Pioneer — This  mine,  on  Cordove  moun- 
tain, is  sending  regular  shipments  of  S50 
ore  to  Golden. 

Waldorf  Consolidated — One  carload 
per  day  of  concentrates  is  going  to  Gold- 
en.  Edward  J.  Wilcox  is  manager. 

Dives-Pelican — The  Burleigh  lease 
bonanza  is  holding  out  well,  and  there  is 
a  great  demand  for  leases  on  blocks  of 
Pelican  ground.  George  Tarkington  is 
the  manager. 

Old  Town — It  is  reported  that  Newton 
J.  Pike  &  Co.,  leesees,  crosscut  from  the 
fourth  level  of  the  Old  Town  to  the 
Wautanga  vein,  and  opened  up  an  ore- 
body,  four  carloads  of  which  have  re- 
turned 2' J  oz.  gold,  5  oz.  silver  and  3 
per  cent,  copper,  netting  the  lessees  S50 
per  ton.  The  principal  owner  is  George 
K.  Kimball. 

Maitie — William  Jones,  lessee  on  this 
mine,  on  Chicago  creek,  has  shipped  eight 
tons  which  netted  him  S200  per  ton.  Smith 
&  Griffith,  lessees  on  the  same  mine,  have 
shipped  17  tons  of  second-class  ore  which 
yielded  S40  per  ton.  The  first-class  ore 
runs  8  oz.  gold  per  ton,  the  streak  being 
about  6  in.  in  width. 

Lamartinc — R.  R.  Graham,  lessee  on 
this  mine,  is  reported  to  have  opened  a 
6-in.  vien  of  ore  carrying  values  of  $100 
per  ton.  John  Carlson,  another  leaser, 
has  shipped  a  carload  running  S50  per 
ton. 

Gunnison  County 

It  is  reported  that  a  12-mile  tunnel  is 
to  be  driven  by  New  York  capital  from 
Crystal  to  Irwin.  It  will  cut  a  large  series 
of  veins  that  have  been  heavy  producers 
on  the  surface,  and  will  develop  the 
Galena  and  Treasury  mountains  at  depths 
of  upward  of  2000  feet. 

Lake  County — Lfadville 

Humboldt — From  this  mine,  in  Adelaide 
park,  300  tons  of  lead  ore  is  be- 
ing shipped  monthly. 

Colonel  Sellers — The  new  shaft  of  this 
mine  will  be  sunk  to  800  ft.,  and  when 
the  orebody  is  reached  at  this  point,  it  is 
stated  that  the  output  will  be  350  tons 
daily. 

Las   Animas   County 

Starkville — At  this  coal  mine  an  ex- 
plosion occurred,  Oct.  8,  entombing  50  or 
more  miners.  Rescuing  parties  hope  to 
save  some  of  the  men. 

San  Juan   District 

Tomboy  —  In      September      the      mill 
crushed  9900  tons,  yielding  bullion,  47,- 
500;   concentrates   shipped,  S2 1,500;    ex- 
penses, $44,000;  profit,  S25,000. 
Summit  County 

The  Silver  King  mill  has  been  equipped 
with  new  machinery,  and  is  treating  a 
heavy  tonnage  of  ores  from  the  silver 
Cave,  Silver  King  and  Princess  mines,  on 


Collier  and  Glacier  mountains,  above 
Montezuma.  The  product  is  silver-lead, 
and  the  concentrates  are  hauled  to  the 
railway  at  Keystone,  eight  miles. 

Kokomo  Consolidated — The  20  claims 
belonging  to  this  company  are  being  op- 
erated by  P.  W.  Brown,  manager,  and  are 
developed  by  a  tunnel  now  2300  ft.  in 
length,  and  still  being  driven  ahead.  Two 
weeks  ago  a  6- ft.  vein  of  sulphide  ore 
was  cut.  and  shipments  are  being  made 
regularly.  The  ore  carries  copper,  silver 
and  gold. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Leasers  on  what  were  originally  called 
"waste  dumps,"  in  the  Cripple  Creek 
district,  are  making  better  profits  than 
ever,  and  the  demand  for  these  piles  is 
increasing. 

Trilby — In  this  Bull  Hill  mine,  the  dis- 
covery is  announced,  at  a  depth  of  1100 
ft.,  of  a  3-in.  streak  of  very  high-grade 
sylvanite  and  free  gold  ore.  It  occurs  on 
the  west  wall  of  the  vein,  which  is  4  ft. 
wide,  and  has  been  yielding  about  I  oz. 
gold  to  the  ton. 

Ajax — This  mine,  on  Battle  mountain, 
is  being  operated  by  25  sets  of  leasers. 
Fogleman  &  Vaughn,  leasing  on  the  500 
level,  are  reported  to  be  working  on  a 
vein  which  gives  returns  of  as  high  as  4 
oz.  gold  to  the  ton. 

Jo  Dandy — The  leases  having  expired, 
this  mine  will  be  worked  on  company 
account,  and  the  shaft  sunk  to  1000  ft. 
Fifteen  cars  per  month  of  1-oz.  gold  ore 
is  the  present  output. 

Dante— Shaft  No.  2  of  the  Dante,  M.  B. 
Rapp,  lessee,  is  producing  some  very 
high-grade  ore  from  the  500  level,  a  2'A- 
in.  seam  in  the  middle  of  the  vein  giving 
returns  as  high  as  30  oz.  gold  to  the  ton. 
The  average  of  the  ore,  however,  is  about 
1  oz.  gold  to  the  ton.  Joseph  Hass,  les- 
see, operating  through  No.  1  shaft,  is 
getting  returns  of  from  S25  to  $40  per  ton 
from  a  vein  3  ft.  wide,  and  is  shipping 
regularly. 

Granite — From  the  Christenson  lease 
five  to  six  cars  of  high-grade  ore  is  being 
shipped  per  month,  the  last  car  yielding 
on  settlement  8  oz.  gold  per  ton. 

Victor — This  mine,  owned  by  D.  H. 
Moffat,  of  Denver,  is  under  lease  to  the 
Western  Investment  Company,  and  sub- 
leased to  the  Roscoe  Leasing  Company, 
which  is  shipping  from  three  to  five  cars 
per  week  of  ore  from  the  old  stopes  and 
drifts.  It  is  said  to  average  about  1  oz. 
gold  per  ton. 

Idaho 

CoEUR  d'Alkne  District 

Stewart — At  the  annual  meeting  F. 
Augustus  Heinze  was  elected  a  director, 
and  president  succeeding  C.  R.  Leonard, 
of  Butte.  M.  W.  Bacon,  of  Butte,  was  re- 
elected as  secretary-treasurer,  the  other 
directors  being  B.  F.  O'Neil,  of  Wallace, 


784 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


Idaho;  E.  J.  Carter,  of  Spokane,  and 
Stanley  Gifford,  of  New  York.  No  finan- 
cial statement  was  made  but  it  is  known 
that  the  indebtedness  incurred  by  the 
company  in  development  has  almost  been 
wiped  out. 


Indiana 
Clay  County 

Brazil  Block  Coal  Company — A  strike 
by  300  men  in  mine  No.  3  at  Diamond, 
occasioned  by  the  mule  driving  question 
has  been  settled  by  a  compromise.  The 
company  waived  the  SI  a  day  fine  on 
all  the  miners  who  left  the  mine  in  vio- 
lation of  the  working  agreement  and  the 
miners  conceded  that  the  management 
has  a  right  to  change  drivers  for  particu- 
lar mules.  The  rule  that  a  driver  is  en- 
titled to  drive  one  certain  mule  at  all 
times  will  no  longer  be  contended  for. 
It  took  two  days  for  the  district  officials 
of  the  miners  and  operators  to  settle  the 
strike  because  the  company,  after  a  mule 
had  recovered  from  an  injury,  gave  it  to 
another  driver  on  the  ground  that  the  ori- 
ginal driver  had  been  careless. 

Kokomo  Mine  Company — This  com- 
pany has  been  compelled  to  close  its 
mine  northwest  of  Brazil  and  is  clearing 
the  mine  of  water.  A  creek  broke  into 
the  mine.  The  company  has  sustained 
the  loss  of  two  boilers  by  explosion  due 
to  the  use  of  water  from  the  mine  which 
contained  sulphur. 

Gibson  County 

Rain  of  24  hours  duration  has  caused 
a  flood  in  all  the  lowlands  of  the  Oak- 
land City  oilfield;  two-thirds  of  the  oil 
wells  are  shut  down  and  many  pumping 
stations  submerged  in  3  to  6  ft.  of  water. 
A  marked  drop  in  new  production  is  the 
result.  The  Pike  county  field,  a  little 
south,  but  adjacent,  made  a  good  show- 
ing in  development  previous  to  the  heavy 
rains. 

Greene  County 

A  peculiar  damage  suit  for  SIO.OOO  has 
been  filed  against  the  Alliance  Coal  Com- 
pany at  Linton  by  Thomas  Williams,  who 
alleges  that  the  company  had  a  balky 
nmle,  which  caused  him  to  fall  under  a 
mine  car,  resulting  in  his  permanent  in- 
jury. 

Sullivan  County 

Glendora — This  mine,  closed  for  two 
years  and  owned  by  the  Consolidated 
Indiana  Coal  Company,  resumed  Oct.  4, 
with  150  men.  The  mine  is  located  three 
miles  north  of  Sullivan. 

Vanderburg  County 
A  mine  rescue  station  car  on  exhibition 
in  Evansville  is  attracting  attention.  The 
car  carries  mine  rescue  equipment,  which 
L-  being  demonstrated  by  R.  Y.  Williams 
and  James  Webb,  of  the  Urbana,  111., 
station;  first  aid  to  the  injured  equip- 
ment, which  is  in  charge  of  a  government 
expert,   and   conveniences   for   use   as   a 


hospital.  There  is  an  audience  apartment 
in  the  car  and  lectures,  illustrated  by 
means  of  a  stereopticon  machine,  are  be- 
ing given  to  instruct  miners  and  officials 
in  the  use  of  the  equipment.  Six  men 
from  the  Indiana  mines  are  at  the  Urbana 
station  preparing  to  take  charge  of  the 
Evansville  station  when  completed-  and 
equipped. 


Michigan 

Copper 

Ofibway — The  north  drift  at  the  800- 
ft.  level  of  No.  1  shaft  has  come  to  ex- 
ceptional rich  copper  ground,  the  lode 
in  the  face  of  the  drift  is  15  ft.  wide 
and  uniformily  mineralized.  The  south 
drift  from  the  500-ft.  level  of  the  same 
shaft  is  improving. 

Lake — The  shaft  at  this  property  is 
sinking  about  75  ft.  below  the  seventh 
level  at  30  deg.  At  the  seventh  level  a 
crosscut  that  is  being  driven  to  the  lode 
is  in  250  ft.  Drifts  from  the  levels  above 
are  exposing  good  copper  throughout, 
with  an  occasional  lean  streak,  a  charac- 
teristic  of  the  amygdaloid. 

Algomah — This  company's  shaft  is 
down  about  67  ft.  and  is  bottomed  in  the 
same  grade  of  ore  that  has  been  exposed 
throughout  the  sinking.  A  recent  samp- 
ling of  the  stock  pile,  which  contains 
about  65  tons  of  ore,  showed  an  average 
of  24.1  per  cent,  copper.  No.  2  drill  hole 
sinking  to  determine  the  pitch  of  the  for- 
mation is  established  in  bedrock.  Trench- 
ing is  also  under  way  near  the  Lake 
boundary. 

Seneca — This  company  has  discontin- 
ued sinking  at  920  ft.,  where  a  crosscut  is 
being  driven  to  the  lode.  This  shaft  is 
sinking  in  the  footwall  of  the  Kearsarge 
lode,  but  development  in  the  level  above 
has  not  exposed  any  consistent  copper 
ground. 

Soutli  Lake— 'Ho.  5  drill  hole  has  pene- 
trated the  second  of  the  series  of  three 
amygdaloid  lodes  that  were  exposed  in 
holes  3  and  4,  and  the  core  showed  it  to 
be  22  ft.  well  mineralized. 

Ahmcek — The  two  new  shafts  of  this 
company  have  penetrated  the  west  branch 
of  the  Kearsarge  lode  and  are  now  sink- 
ing in  the  trap  which  separates  it  from 
the  main  lode.  A  little  copper  w-as  in 
evidence  in  the  west  branch  at  the  point 
of  intersection,  in  the  form  of  small  fis- 
sures. 

Mohawk — No.  6  shaft  is  sinking  below 
the  third  level  with  drifts  extending  in 
both  directions  from  the  first  and  second 
levels,  and  northward  from  the  third, 
with  about  the  same  class  of  ground  be- 
ing broken  as  at  other  parts  of  the  mine. 
This  shaft  is  sending  about  150  tons  of 
rock  daily  to  the  mill. 
Iron 

In  the  territory  to  the  east  of  Republic 
and  to  the  south  of  Michigamme,  within 
the    limits   of   the   Marquette    region,   the 


Cleveland  Cliffs  company  is  preparing  to  j 
explore  the  Fence  Lake  district.  The  Cyr 
property  is  being  provided  with  railroad 
facilities.  The  Cyr  is  the  latest  Swanzy  | 
district  mine,  the  development  of  which 
has  been  started  by  the  Cleveland  Cliffs 
company.  The  Traders  property  of  the 
Antoine  Ore  Company,  at  Iron  Moun- 
tain, Menominee  range  property  in  the 
Lake  Fume  district,  between  Iron  Moun- 
tain and  Norway,  is  being  explored  by 
the  Independent  Iron  Company,  of  De- 
troit. 

North  Range — This  iron-mining  com- 
pany has  been  organized  to  operate  the 
new  Maas  mine  developed  adjoining  the 
American  mine  on  the  Marquette  range. 
It  is  claimed  that  one  forty  contains  15,- 
000,000  tons  of  hematite  and  more  than 
200,000,000  tons  of  mixed  ore  which  can 
be  concentrated.  A  steel-lined  shaft  will 
be  sunk  to  700  ft.  this  winter.  George 
J.    Maas,   of   Negaunee,    is    in    charge. 


Minnesota 

On  the  Mesabi  range  the  Roberts- 
Kingston  Contracting  Company  is  strip- 
ping the  Union  mine,  originally  an  un- 
derground operation.  The  Bray  mine, 
having  filled  the  season's  contracts,  has 
closed  for  the  winter.  The  Republic  Iron 
and  Steel  Company  is  installing  water 
works  and  sewers  at  Gilbert. 

Interest  in  the  Vermilion  iron  range  is  ■ 
increasing  as  the  result  of  the  season's  ex- 
plorations.  Section   "30"   mine    is    stock- 
pilling  ore.     The   Duluth-Vermilion  Iron 
Company  will  drill  at  Robinson  lake. 

Woodbridge — The  concrete  shaft  is  50 
ft.  west  of  the  orebody.  The  Foundation 
Company,  bottomed  the  new  concrete 
shaft  (97  ft.  deep)  on  taconite.  The 
mining  company  has  commenced  sinking 
the  shaft  through  rock.  Shaft  will  be  sunk 
225  or  230  ft.  Approximately  100  it.  oi 
earth  is  over  the  ore. 

Duluth — This  Oliver  mine,  at  Biwabik 
is  practically  worked  out.  It  will  be 
abandoned  this  season.  The  orebody  con- 
tinues beyond  the  side  line  into  the  Can- 
ton property. 

Biwabik — A  325-kw.  generator  is 
being  installed  to  operate  the  new 
gyratory-crusher  plant,  now  under  con- 
struction. John  S.  Lutes,  Biwabik,  is 
superintendent. 

G/7fccr/— Shaft  No.  2  was  closed  re- 
cently. Steam-shovel  work  has  been  dis- 
continued. The  only  work  being  done' 
is  at  No.   1  shaft. 

Commodore — A  new  spiral  track  is  be- 
ing laid  out  to  take  place  of  a  number 
of  switchbacks.  The  pit  is  about  110  ft. 
deep  and  confined  to  less  than  40  acres. 

North  American — The  Foundation  Com- 
pany has  completed  the  95- ft.  concrete 
shaft,  which  extends  7  ft.  into  bed  rock 
The  mining  company  will  continue  the 
shaft  100  ft.  more  to  strike  the  orebodv. 
1'.  F.  Chamberlain,  Tower,  is  general 
manager. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


785 


l.conidas — A  steel-timbered  five-com- 
partment shaft  is  being  sunk.  An  entire 
new  equipment,  including  steel  head- 
frame,  hoist,  powerhouse  and  shops,  is 
being  installed.  Stripping  will  be  con- 
tinued on  a  portion  of  this  property  dur- 
ing the  winter.  R.  J.  Mitchell,  Eveleth, 
is  general  superintendent. 

Adams — Extensive  stripping  operations 
are  in  progress,  extending  well  into  a 
large  part  of  the  old  workings,  which 
wi-re  formerly  mined  by  the  square-set 
system.  Steam-shovel  work  will  take 
place  of  the  milling,  for  which  a  portion 
of  this  mine  was  famous. 


Montana 

The  United  States  Assay  Office  reports 
that  .SI 58,388  was  received  from  Montana 
in  precious  metals  during  September. 
Madison  county  was  first  in  production 
with  S58,817  and  Fergus  county  second 
with  S40,928. 

Federal  Judge  Rasch  has  issued  a  tem- 
porary restraining  order  on  behalf  of  the 
Montana,  Wyoming  &  Southern  railway, 
restraining  the  State  commissioners  from 
enforcing  the  rates  and  regulations  re- 
cently promulgated.  The  petition  upon 
which  the  restraining  order  was  based  re- 
cites that  the  rates  prescribed  by  the 
commission  are  so  low  as  to  be  con- 
fiscatory and  will  bankrupt  the  road. 

,  Butte  District 

I  Anaconda — The  four-compartment  shaft 
at  the  Belmont  mine  is  down  1800  ft.  and 
sinking  continues.  At  the  West  Gray 
Rock  mine  the  pump  compartment  of  the 
shaft  is  being  extended  from  the  700-ft. 
level  to  the  surface,  making  the  shaft 
three-compartment  throughout.  Work  is 
progressing  steadily  on  the  new  com- 
pressor plant  near  the  High  Ore  mine, 
and  it  is  expected  that  it  will  be  in  op- 
eration by  the  first  of  the  year.  This 
plant  will  be  electrically  driven  by  power 
furnished  by  the  Great  Falls  company. 
The  plant  comprises  three  1200-h.p.  com- 
pressors, giving  a  total  of  3600  h.p.  When 
completed  the  air  will  first  be  used  to  op- 
erate the  hoists  at  the  Bell,  Diamond, 
Mountain  View  and  High  Ore  mines,  in 
place  of  the  steam  now  being  used.  This 
will  necessitate  some  changes  in  the 
hoists  themselves.  The  use  of  air  for 
hoisting  purposes  is  in  the  nature  of  an 
experiment,  and  if  it  proves  satisfactory 
will  undoubtedly  be  extended.  The  com- 
pressor plant  is  so  built  that  additions  can 
be  made  to  it  from  time  to  time  and  it  is 
planned  eventually  to  put  in  six  other 
compressors  of  like  horsepower.  Air  re- 
ceivers adjoin  the  building,  having  suffi- 
cient storage  capacity  to  keep  the  air  sup- 
ply effective  for  eight  hours  in  case  of 
accident.  The  hoists  at  present  are  oper- 
ated at  an  expense  of  $12  per  h.p., 
whereas  the  installation  of  air  will  reduce 

I  this  to  S4.  E.  S.  Woodward,  superinten- 
dent of  the  Washoe  Sampling  Works, 
which  burned  in  July,  is  authority  for  the 


statement  that  the  plant  will  be  rebuilt 
at  once.  The  plant  will  be  built  of  re- 
inforced concrete,  will  have  a  capacity  of 
1500  tons  daily.  The  new  shaft  at  the 
Gagnon  mine  is  now  down  900  ft.  A  six- 
post  raise  is  being  run  from  the  1500- 
ft.  level  of  the  mine  to  connect  with  the 
shaft. 

Tuolumne — Ore  is  being  hauled  from 
the  mine  to  the  railway,  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  distant. 

Granite  County 
Mt.  Royal — A  35-h.p.  gas-engine  com- 
pressor and  drills  are  being  installed  at 
the    Shakespeare    mine. 

Madison  County 
Ball  &  Tullock  are  shipping  two  four- 
horse  loads  of  ore  from  their  Winnetka 
property  daily  at  Highland.  Two  six-horse 
loads  of  ore  are  being  shipped  daily  from 
the  Boss  Tweed  mine  and  two  four-horse 
loads  daily  from  the  Strawberry  mine, 
both  of  which  are  situated  near  Pony. 


Nevada 

Churchill  County 
Nevada  Hills — Work  on  the  new  mill 
at  Fairview  has  been  commenced.  Twen- 
ty stamps,  amalgamating  plates,  concen- 
trators and  a  cyanide  plant  will  be  in- 
stalled. Buildings  will  be  of  steel.  Ship- 
ments of  high-grade  are  being  made  reg- 
ularly. 

Esmeralda  County 

Florence  Extension — Ore  from  the  500- 
ft.  level  is  being  sacked  for  shipment, 
but  the  operators  think  that  they  will  have 
to  sink  to  700  ft.  for  the  best  results. 

Spearhead — Since  the  recent  discover- 
ies on  the  Wheeler-Knickerbocker  lease, 
two  other  leasers  have  started  active  op- 
erations within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  the 
former's  \vorkings.  There  are  several 
shafts  on  the  property. 

Alamo — Operations  on  the  property  at 
Lucky  Boy  have  been  suspended  pending 
the  completion  of  the  power  line  of  the 
hydroelectric  company  from  Bodie,  Cal. 
It  is  expected  that  work  under  more  eco- 
nomical conditions  will  be  resumed  by 
Jan.  I. 

Victor — The  shaft  is  to  be  sunk  to  400 
ft.  The  mine  at  Rawhide  has  already 
produced  5000  tons  of  ore  from  workings 
above  the  200-ft.  level. 

Humboldt  County 
Humboldt  county  has  taken  second 
place  as  a  gold  producer  during  the  past 
six  months.  The  output  for  the  third 
quarter  is  expected  to  approach  nearly 
?1,000,000,  being  second  only  to  Esmer- 
alda. 

Lincoln    County 

Consolidated  Piocfie— Operations  are 
centered  on  the  Black  Ledge  in  the  old 
Raymond  &  Ely  workings.  The  ore,  be- 
sides carying  silver,  lead  and  gold,  con- 
tains 20  per  cent.  zinc. 


Lyon  County 
Mason  Valley — The  orebody  has  been 
cut  on   470- ft.   level,  70    ft.   below   pre- 
vious workings  in  ore. 

Nye  County 

A  gold-silver  discovery  has  been  made 
13  miles  east  of  Tonopah.  While  prac- 
tically no  work  has  been  done,  the  show- 
ing is  so  good  that  George  Wingfleld 
has  taken  an  option  on  the  ground. 

Tonopah  Extension — Foot-wall  cross- 
cuts on  the  500-  and  600-ft.  levels  are 
being  driven  to  get  under  the  ore  on  the 
upper  levels  in  the  westerly  workings  of 
the  mine.  Good  results  have  been  ob- 
tained. 

Montgomery  Shoshone — The  stock- 
holders have  been  informed  that  the  ore 
supply  in  the  mine  will  not  last  more 
than  three  months.  General  Manager 
Kirchen  says  that  he  felt  sufficient  ex- 
ploration work  had  been  done  to  demon- 
strate that  further  expenditure  of  money 
in  that  direction  would  not  help  the  situa- 
tion. The  company  will  continue  as  long 
as  operations  will  pay  expenses.  Charles 
M.  Schwab  is  one  of  the  largest  stock- 
holders and  is  a  creditor  to  the  amount 
of  $200,000.  The  property  is  in  the  Bull- 
district  at  Rhyolite.  A  cave  recently 
dropped  5000  tons  of  rock  into  the  big 
"glory  hole."  A  face  of  milling  ore  was 
exposed  on  the  southwest  side  of  the 
pit. 


Oregon 

Josephine  County 

Yellow  Horn — This  mine  has  been  sold 
to  Reese  &  Rogers,  of  Shasta,  Cal.,  who 
will  operate  it  on  a  much  larger  scale. 
A  larger  mill  and  reduction  plant  will  be 
installed,  and  other  improvements  made. 

Golden  Drift — It  is  stated  that  the  af- 
fairs of  this  company  are  now  in  such 
shape  that  operations  will  be  resumed. 
The  affairs  are  in  the  hands  of  George 
Sanders. 

Gold  Note — The  new  cyanide  plant  re- 
cently installed  is  in  operation  with  satis- 
factory results.  This  property  is  in  the 
Mount  Baldy  district. 


South  Dakota 

Homestake — The  back  of  Independ- 
ence stope  No.  2  caved  to  the  surface, 
Sept.  25,  forming  a  hole  about  50  ft. 
square  and  50  ft.  deep,  near-  the  former 
bed  of  Gold  Run  creek.  This  vein  is 
east  of  the  main  orebodies  of  the  Home- 
stake,  and  the  stope  was  an  old  timbered 
one,  only  partially  filled,  which  had  been 
carried  to  within  120  ft.  of  the  surface. 
During  September  the  mine  commenced 
sending  gold  bars  to  the  U.  S.  Assay 
Office  in  Deadwood,  instead  of  express- 
ing them  to  New  York. 

Wasp  No.  2 — The  new  mill  is  ap- 
proaching completion.  It  is  near  site  of 
the  old  mill   burned  last  winter,  but  is 


786 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


1| 


more   favorably   located    for   the   disposi- 
tion of  tailings. 


Tennessee 

Tennessee  Copper — The  acid  plant  is 
producing  over  300  tons  of  acid  daily  and 
by  Jan.  1  will  be  producing  600  tons 
daily. 

Washington 
Ferry  County 
Mogul — Work   will   be   started   on   this 
mine  controlled  by  the  Kettle  River  Min- 
ing    Company.       E.    W.    Scothorn     has 
charge. 

Stevens  County 
E.  C.  Regnier,  of  Boulder,  Colo.,  has 
announced   that   he   will   erect   a  $10,000 
tungsten  sampling  plant  at  Loon  lake. 


West  Virginia 

In  Mingo  county  the  Crystal  Block 
Coal  and  Coke  Company  wall  construct 
a  tipple  and  make  other  improvements  at 
its  coal  mines  and  the  Borderland  Coal 
and  Coke  Company  of  Roanoke,  Va.,  will 
open  a  new  mine  on  its  6000-acre  tract  of 
coal  land. 

The  Davy-Pocahontas  Coal  Company. 
which  was  recently  organized  by  Balti- 
Piore  capitalists,  has  completed  grading  a 
railroad  siding  on  Spice  creek  (a  mile 
and  a  half  from  Roderfield)  and  has 
started  work  on  the  opening  of  a  6- ft. 
seam,  so  as  to  ship  coal  within  three 
months. 

.At  Gary,  the  Central  Pocahontas  Coal 
Company  will  open  bids  in  November  for 
the  erection  of  a  tipple,  boiler  and  power 
house,  and  10  tenement  houses.  The 
daily  capacity  is  to  be   1000  tons. 

The  Majestic  Collieries  Company,  in 
McDowell  county,  has  contracted  for  a 
new  steel  tipple  at  its  mine  near  Eckman. 
The  United  States  Coal  and  Coke  Com- 
pany will  erect  three  tipples  at  its  mines 
at  Gary.  These  will  replace  wooden 
structures  now-  in  use.  All  the  other 
mines  of  the  company  already  have  steel 
tipples. 


Utah 

The  Salt  Lake  Stock  and  Mining  Ex- 
change at  the  end  of  the  third  quarter  of 
the  year  shows  a  marked  decrease  in 
business  as  compared  to  that  of  1909. 
Up  to  Oct.  1,  the  total  number  of  shares 
traded  in  was  13.063.012,  valued  at 
S3,895,432,  as  compared  to  27,938,567 
shares  of  a  value  of  S15,434,122  for  the 
same  period  of  1909. 

The     Utah    Ore     Sampling     Company, 

which   is   a   consolidation   of  the   various 

ore-sampling  companies  of  the  State  has 

passed  into  the  control   of  the   Knights. 

Juab  County 

Emerald — This  company,  which  ad- 
joins the  Centennial-Eureka,  Grand  Cen- 
tral, Mammoth,  Lower  Mammoth  and 
Opex,   has   been    held    under   lease   and 


bond.  At  a  meeting  of  the  directors  it 
was  voted  to  make  the  final  payment  of 
S25,000,  due  Dec.  4.  Work  has  been  car- 
ried on  from  the  1100-ft.  level  near  the 
center  of  the  property.  A  mineralized 
zone  42  ft.  wide  has  been  cut,  which  in 
places  carries  gold,  copper  and  lead. 
Prospecting  will  be  carried  on  in  search 
of  a  continuation  of  the  Centennial-Eur- 
eka orebodies.    W.  E.  Earles  is  president. 

Union  Chief — This  compaiiy  in  the 
Santaquin  district  has  completed  about  a 
mile  of  wagon  road  from  the  mine.  There 
still  remains  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to 
be  built,  after  which  shipments  of  lead- 
silver  ores  will  be  started. 

Black  Jack — Drifting  is  being  done  on 
the  1400-ft.  level  to  catch  the  Opohongo 
vein. 

Reck  Tunnel — Sur\'eyors  for  the 
Knights  have  been  at  work  on  that  part 
of  the  Uncle  Sam  ground  adjoining  this 
property.  Surveys  of  both  the  surface  and 
underground  workings  have  been  made 
for  use  in  the  suit  which  this  company 
has  filed  against  the.  Uncle  Sam.  It  is 
understood  that  the  Uncle  Sam  claims 
the  ore  extracted  from  Beck  Tunnel 
ground  on  account  of  an  apex. 

Bradley — This  company  is  consider- 
ing the  installation  of  a  small  compress- 
or. The  shaft  is  down  280  ft.,  and  but 
slow  progress  can  be  made  by  hand  in  the 
hard   ground. 

Yankee  Consolidated — The  shaft  is 
down  about  1100  ft.  and  good  progress  is 
being  made.  It  will  be  continued  to  the 
1300-ft.  level  under  the  present  contract. 
Some  prospecting  will  probably  be  done 
on  the  1300  or  1400,  when  these  points 
are  reached. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Ohio  Copper — Acording  to  F.  A. 
Heinze,  who  has  recently  been  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  the  work  of  installing  the  ma- 
chinery in  the  second  half  of  the  mill  will 
be  begun  soon.  On  Sept.  27  the  mill 
handled  2096  tons  in  24  hours,  which  is 
the  largest  tonnage  up  to  date. 

South  Hecla — This  company  is  now  the 
owner  of  claims  formerly  held  by  the 
South  Columbus  Consolidated  and  the 
Alta-Hecla  mining  companies.  Work  will 
be  started  shortly. 

Utah  Consolidated — Shipments  over 
the  new  tramway  are  being  made  at  the 
rate  of  800  to  1000  tons  a  day  to  the 
International  smeltery.  Sampling  and 
examination  of  the  property  are  now  being 
carried  on  to  get  as  accurate  information 
as  possible  in  regard  to  the  ore  reserves. 
This  work  is  being  done  under  the  direc- 
tion of  R.  H.  Channing,  who  recently  be- 
came general  manager. 

Utah  Copper — The  company  is  consid- 
ering the  purchase  of  Mallet  articulated 
compound  locomotives  for  use  on  the 
Bingham  &  Garfield  railway.  These  have 
four  cylinders  and  12  driving  wheels,  and 


n    re-  •', 
n\\  be   I 
only,    -' 


are  the  type  used  at  Bingham  by  the  Den 
ver  &  Rio  Grandci 

Summit  County  J  I 

Daly-West — A  250-ton  trial  shipment  ^ 
has  been  made  to  Midvale  to  be  tested 
for  the  separation  of  zinc  by  the  Huff 
electrostatic  process.  It  is  proposed  to 
grant  leases  at  this  property,  and  a  large 
num.ber  of  applications  have  been  re- 
ceived. It  is  probable  that  leasing  wi 
adopted.  The  leases  will  be  verbal  only 
the  company  reserving  the  right  to  ter- 
minate the  same,  or  to  raise  the  royalty. 

Silver  King  Consolidated — This  com- 
pany has  recently  purchased  the  Duffy 
and  Mara  groups,  in  Thaynes  caiion. 

California-Comstock — Four  men  are 
working  at  this  property  in  Thaynes 
canon.  It  is  expected  that  a  shipment 
ftill  be  made  to  the  Graselli  zinc  plant. 

Little  Bell — A  quarterly  report  was 
mailed  with  checks  for  dividend  No.  4, 
Sept.  22.  This  report  states  that  during 
the  quarter  w-ork  was  directed  mainly 
toward  the  further  development  of  ore, 
and  to  the  erection  of  a  concentrating 
plant.  Shipping  ores  extracted  in  the 
course  of  development  were  marketed. 
Milling  ore  has  been  blocked  out,  await- 
ing the  completion  of  a  new  mill.  This 
mill  is  designed  for  a  capacity  of  100  tons 
a  day,  and  it  is  expected  to  begin  milling 
during  October.  During  the  quarter,  365 
tons  of  ore  averaging  13.96  per  cent,  lead, 
51.8  oz.  silver,  0.04  oz.  gold,  1.59  per 
cent,  copper  were  shipped,  and  brought 
S9935.  The  total  receipts,  including  cash 
on  hand.  May  31,  of  S37,213  amounted  to 
S47,309.  The  total  disbursements,  in- 
cluding mill  expenses  and  dividend  were 
S31,031,  leaving  a  balance  Sept.  I  of  S16,- 
277. 

Tooele  County 

Consolidated  Mercur — The  annual  re- 
port was  sent  to  stockholders  Oct.  3. 
The  net  earnings  for  the  year  were  S16,- 
537,  and  only  by  careful  work  was  it 
possible  to  make  any  profit.  This 
was  largely  on  account  of  the 
ore  becoming  of  lower  grade.  Prospect- 
ing was  kept  up  during  the  year,  but  with 
little  encouraging  results.  Over  S17,000 
was  expended  for  work  of  this  character. 
Conditions  are  not  promising  for  im- 
proved results  during  the  coming  year. 
The  gross  value  of  gold  produced  was 
S613,148.  Other  receipts  brought  the 
total  to  S625,890.  Operating  expenses 
were  S609,352,  leaving  the  net  earnings 
of  S16,537.  There  was  a  balance  of  S75,- 
029  from  the  last  report  which,  taking 
into  account  extra  expenditures  for  re- 
pairs, left  S84,445,  June  30,  1910.  Dur- 
ing the  year  99,441  tons  of  base  and  132,- 
190  tons  of  oxidized  ore  were  mined  and 
milled,  making  a  total  of  231,631  tons 
tr.^ated.  The  ore  came  from  the  Alercur, 
Golden  Gate  and  Brickyard  mine.  Theav- 
erage  number  of  tons  per  month  handled 
was  19„303,  or  6.38  tons  per  day.  The 
heads  averaged  S3.59  per  ton,  while  the 


I 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


787 


ails  ran  94c.  The  production  was  29.900 
Ine  ounces  gold. 

Ophir  W(7/— Beginning  Sept.  23.  one 
,hift  daily  is  being  worked  in  the  mill. 
\bout  50  tons  of  ore  a  day  are  mined. 
Concentrates  are  being  stored,  awaitins 
1   suitable   smelting   contract. 

C//#— The  daily  output  is  70  tons, 
vhich  is  hauled  to  St.  John  in  four  15-ton 
vagons  by  means  of  1 10-h.p.  traction 
■ngine.  The  distance  is  nine  miles.  Ore 
s  delivered  from  the  mine  to  the  bins  in 
^phir  cafion  by  a  Bleichert  tram. 

Lion  Hill  Consolidated — This  company  is 
nstalling  a  5000- ft.  air  line  from  the 
)phir  Hill  compressor  to  the  Buffalo 
unnel.  A  car  of  pipe  has  arrived,  and  is 
'eing  placed  on  the  ground. 


Canada 

British  Columbia 

Slocan  Star — Shipment  has  been  re- 
umed.  For  two  years  the  development  of 
)reshoots  on  the  adjoining  Richmond- 
Eureka  group  extending  into  Slocan  Star 
;round,  has  been  in  progress,  but  no 
■toping  has  been  done.  The  oreshoots 
lave  been  found  on  three  levels. 

Rambler-Cariboo  —  Wagon-road  com- 
nunication  has  been  opened  between  this 
ilocan  mine  and  the  railway  at  Three 
•orks,  so  shipment,  suspended  last  July 
ifter  burning  of  trestles  and  bridges  on 
he  Kaslo  &  Slocan  Railway,  is  once  more 
practicable. 

Rawhide — The  shipment  from  this,  one 
if  the  New  Dominion  Copper  Company 
Joundary  district  mines,  has  been  recom- 
nenced,  after  two  years,  the  ore  going 
0  Greenwood. 

Britannia — Ore  and  concentrates  from 
his  mine,  on  Howe  sound,  near  Van- 
;ouver,  is  now  being  sent  to  Tacoma, 
JCashington. 

Cornell — This  Texada  island  mine 
;hipped  during  seven  months,  to  Aug.  31, 
1501  tons  of  an  average  content  gold, 
).407  oz.  and  silver,  1.73  oz.  per  ton,  and 
;opper,  4.47  per  cent.  This  compares 
Aith   10,178  tons  in    1909. 

Daisy  Snowflake^This  property,  near 
fmir.  has  been  bonded  by  a  Spokane 
syndicate,  which  will  start  development 
his  fall. 

Ontario 

Shipments  of  ore  from  Cobalt  for  the 
Jk'eek  ended  Oct.  1  were:  Beaver,  45,600 
b.;  Buffalo,  (50,990;  City  of  Cobalt,  66,- 
X)0;  Crown  Reserve,  65,000;  Kerr  Lake, 
120,999;  La  Rose,  172,620;  McKinley- 
Darragh,  50,000;  Nipissing,  187.270; 
Right-of-Way,  82,330;  Standard  Cobalt. 
34,049;  Temiskaming,  122,400;  total, 
1,387,258  pounds. 

Ophir — The  shaft  on  this  mine  at  Co- 
balt is  down  300  ft.  with  a  10-ft.  sump 
and  active  work  to  crosscut  the  veins  en- 
icountered  on  the  200- ft.  level  has  been 
started. 
i     Provincial — On    this    Cobalt    property 


shaft  No.  2  now  down  200  ft.  is  being 
sunk  farther  and  will  be  put  down  to 
275  ft.  during  the  winter. 

Bartlett — At  Cowganda,  surface  trench- 
ing is  being  actively  carried  on  with  good 
results.  Several  veins  have  recently  been 
found,  the  latest  discovery  being  one 
from  2' to  4  in.  in  width  carrying  3000  oz. 
ore,  which  has  been  traced   for  100  feet. 

Vipond — A  plant  comprising  two  1500- 
Ib.  Nissen  stamps,  hoist,  boiler  and 
tables  and  is  on  the  way  to  Porcupine. 
The  ore  will  be  treated  by  straight 
amalgamation  and  concentration. 

Quebec 

Dominion  Goldfields  of  Canada — This 
Montreal  company  is  pushing  exploration 
work  in  the  Seigneury  Rigaud  de  Vaud- 
reuil,  Beauce  county.  On  the  Oes  Plan- 
tes  river,  about  one  mile  from  its 
ccnfluence  with  the  Chaudiere  river, 
gold  has  been  found  in  the  river 
bank  alluvions  in  paying  quantities.  A 
cp.nal  is  being  constructed  now  for  the 
purpose  of  draining  the  works,  which  will 
consist  of  a  system  of  adits  and  crosscuts 
through  the  gold  bearing  ground.  Enough 
water  for  washing  and  hydraulicking  can 
be  obtained  from  falls  1000  ft.  up  the 
river.  On  the  Ruisseau  des  Meules 
river  a  ditch  is  being  constructed  now  to 
bring  1000  miner's  inches  of  water  from 
Lake  Fortin  down  to  the  gold  alluvions 
on  the  lower  part  of  the  river,  a  dis- 
tance of  7  miles.  It  is  reported  that  pay 
dirt  has  been  located  for  several  thous- 
and feet  along  the  river.  A  mechanical 
elevator  will  be  installed  during  the  win- 
ter and  operations  commenced  early  in 
the  spring.  Good  pay  ground  has  been 
located  through  extensive  drilling  opera- 
tions on  the  Gilbert  river  on  lots  9  and  10 
St.  Charles  and  lots  13  and  15  De  Lery. 
This  testing  work  will  be  continued  dur- 
ing the  winter  months. 

Calway — Operations  at  this  copper 
mine  in  Beauce  were  resumed  3  months 
ago  and  are  now  directed  toward  explor- 
ing the  main  vein  to  the  north.  The 
shaft  is  56  ft.  deep  and  the  main  drift 
along  the  vein  is  80  ft.  The  ore  is  a 
copper  glance,  associated  with  malachite 
and  azurite  in  a  matrix  of  quartz,  cal- 
cite,  epidote  and  silicate  minerals,  the 
country  rock  being  a  diabase  porphyry. 

Mexico 

Chihuahua 

A  party  of  American  engineers,  in  the 
employ  of  the  Mexico  Northwestern  Rail- 
way, recently  left  Minaca  in  quest  of  a 
feasible  route  for  a  railroad,  presumably 
from  that  place,  to  the  Pacific  port  of 
Agiabampo.  Sinaloa. 

Hidalgo  Mining  Company — It  is  re- 
ported that  the  company  has  disposed  of 
all  its  interests,  including  the  railroad,  to 
a  Pittsburg  syndicate  for  SI, 500.000.  The 
property  has  been  developed  and  man- 
aged by  James  I.  Long. 


Durango 
Avino — At  the  annual  meeting  in  Lon- 
don R.  H.  Jeffrey,  general  manager, 
stated  that  the  results  of  exploration  in- 
dicated the  extension  of  the  present  ore- 
bodies  to  the  lower  levels  and  that  the 
new  water  concentration  process  in  use 
was  satisfactory.  The  measured  reserves 
were  given  as  107,505  tons.  Development 
and  metallurgical  testing  will  be  con- 
tinued.    The  mines  are  near  Gabriel. 

Jalisco 
Cinco  Minas  —  Recently  Henry  E. 
Crawford  made  the  transfer  of  the  Cinco 
Minas  to  the  Cinco  Minas  Company,  a 
close  corporation  owned  by  Mrs.  Marcus 
Daly.  Marcus  Daly,  Jr.,  and  Justice  James 
W.  Gerard,  Mrs.  Daly's  son-in-law.  The 
new  company  is  capitalized  for  S500,000 
and  is  a  Deleware  company  proticolized 
in  Mexico.  In  Mexico  City  an  arrange- 
ment was  made  with  the  Chapala  Electric 
Company  to  furnish  power  on  a  basis  of 
100  pesos  per  h.p.  per  year.  The  mine 
is  yielding  high-grade  ore  in  the  200-ft. 
level,  the  lowest  at  present,  and  a  vertical 
winze  being  sunk  to  the  500-ft.  level  is 
now  down  200  ft.  The  ore  shoot  is 
stronger  on  the  200-ft.  level.  The  com- 
pany will  probably  put  up  a  250-ton 
plant. 

Oaxaca 

The  National  Railways  has  let  a  con- 
tract for  the  extension  of  the  line  from 
Oaxaca  to  Tlacolula,  a  distance  of  30  km 
This  line  will  serve  the  Magdalena  dis- 
trict, which  yields  fluxing  ores  needed  at 
Oaxaca  and  will  shorten  the  route  to  the 
Totolapam  district. 

Sinaloa 
Choix  Consolidated — This  company,  of 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  is  erecting  a  copper 
smeltery  of  100  tons  daily  capacity  at  its 
mines  on  the  Fuerte  river  in  northeastern 
Sonora.     R.  A.  Thomas  is  president. 

SONORA 

Greene-Cananea — This  company  has 
seven  of  its  battery  of  eight  furnaces  in 
operation  and  its  production  for  October 
will  be  above  that  of  August  and  Sep- 
tember. 

Sierra  Pinta — This  company,  operating 
near  San  Joge's  bay,  has  exported  gold 
bullion  to  the  value  of  $15,900  from 
September  mill  run.  The  capacity  is 
2,^-  tons  daily  and  the  normal  yield  ap- 
proximately S30,000  per  month. 

Transvaal — Two  80-h.p.  boilers,  a  com- 
pressor and  dynamo  have  recently  been 
installed. 

Roy — After  over  a  year's  work,  this 
mine  has  temporarily  closed. 

Santa  Rosalia — One  hundred  and  fifty 
men  are  employed  in  development  at  this 
property,  south  of  Cananca. 

Rosarin — This  silver-copper  property  in 
the  Pilares  district  has  been  acquired  by 
a  San  Diego,  Cal.,  syndicate,  represented 
by   E.   G.   Brassington. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


THE  MARKETS 


y^        fT 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Miner als.  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions    and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 


New  York,  Oct.  12— The  coal  trade  iti 
the  West  is  making  some  progress  toward 
normal  conditions,  though  some  time  will 
be  needed  yet  to  make  up  existing  short- 
ages and  restore  the  balance.  It  will  also 
take  some  time  to  determine  whether 
there  will  be  any  permanent  diversion  of 
trade  from  the  districts  which  have  been 
out  of  the  market  for  several  months. 
Indiana  and  West  Virginia  operators  are 
watching  trade  movements  closely.  Car 
supply  is  improving  a  little. 

In  the  East  trade  continues  to  show  the 
improving  conditions  recently  reported. 
Both  the  anthracite  and  the  seaboard  bi- 
tuminous trades  are  in  good  condition. 

The  Mine  Mule — The  mine  mule  has 
been  always  an  important  element  in 
coal-mine  operations,  but  usually  unob- 
trusive, though  inclined  to  be  individual- 
ly troublesome.  Recently,  however,  the 
mule  has  been  making  itself  felt  in  In- 
diana, and  our  local  correspondents  re- 
port this  week  two  damage  suits  caused 
by  it,  and  one  strike  which  required  the 
efforts  of  a  committee  of  the  mine  work- 
ers to  settle.  Evidently  the  mule  is  pre- 
paring'to  demand  recognition. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
Anthracite    shipments    by    Lake    from 
Buffalo    for   the   season    to   Oct.    1    were 
2,724,030  long  tons,  an  increase  of  638,- 
215  tons  over  last  year. 

Coal  tonnage  originating  on  the  lines 
of  the  Southern  railway,  seven  months 
ended  July  31.  was:  Tennessee  district, 
699,393;  Alabama  district,  1,750,921; 
total,  2,450,314  short  tons,  an  increase  of 
-399,780  tons  over  last  year. 

Shipments  of  anthracite  in  September 
were  4,967,516  long  tons;  a  decrease  of 
28,528  tons  from  August,  but  an  increase 
of  551,396  tons  over  September,  1909. 
For  the  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30  the 
shipments  were,  m  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.  Changes. 

Reading »,40(;,477  S.«4-i,\17'.>  1.  i^K.V.a 

Lehigh  Valley....  7,;m,-277  H.llG.Mii  I.  79«.7r,'j 

N.  J.  Central ri.ndii.v!:)'.)  r.,i:is,:m  I.  472,o«'2 

Lackawanna c.'.io-.Im'.i  7.079,171  I.  171,492 

Del.  &  Hudson.. . .  4,.=i4U.278  4.Hln,09.'i  I.  '27(1,417 

Pennsylvania....  4.174..')H4  4,:«4,B08  I.  1  lii.'.iL'l 

Erie .'>,.'i42,291  r>,r)9r.,'29.'')  I.  r>4, 11(14 

N.  Y.,  Out.  &  West.  'J.Oil-i.im:!  '2,072,370  I.  4u,3i:i 


Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  railroad,  nine 
months  ended  Sept.  30  were  322.227  tons 
in  1909,  and  496,732  in  1910;  increase, 
174,505  tons. 

Coal  receipts  at  Boston  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  reported  by  Chamber  of 
Commerce: 


Total (M.68C,888    40,980.367      I,  2,393,479 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  5.4 
per  cent.  All  the  companies  showed 
gains,  the  larger  ones  being  made  by  the 
Lehigh  Valley,  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Read- 
ing. 

Shipments  of  Broad  Top  coal  over  the 


Anthracite.., 
Bituminous  . 


l.'2.33.882    l,'2S3.:!0i 

2,.W2,820     2,972,78.') 


Changes. 
I.  49,4-22 
I.  389,968 


Total  domestic 3,810,702    4,25(),089      1.439.387 

Foreign 177,'.)03        '211,764      I.    33,861 


Total 3,994,li06    4,4(;7.S.''>3      1.473,248 

The    foreign    coal    is    nearly    all    from 
Nova  Scotia  mines. 


Ne-w  York 
Anthracite 

Oct.  12 — Trade  has  been  steady  with 
no  marked  change  from  last  week.  Steam 
sizes  are  in  good  demand. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
$4.75  for  broken  and  $5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
S2.95r,(3.25;  buckwheat,  $1.15r<7  2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  S1.65fi(2;  bar- 
ley, $1.35rr(  1.50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.cb.  New  York  harbor. 

Bituminous 

The  better  condition  of  trade  continues 
in  evidence.  Sales  locally  are  fair,  and 
the  demand  from  the  West  remains  good 
enough  to  help  this  market.  All-rail 
trade  is  in  good  condition. 

Prices  continue  to  hold  th6  recent  im- 
provement both  for  gas  coals  and  low- 
volatile  steam  coals. 

Transportation  is  not  quite  so  good, 
some  delays  being  reported  in  getting 
coal  to  tidewater.  Few  complaints  are 
heard  about  car  supply. 

In  the  coastwise  market  vessels  are  still 
in  demand,  and  rates  hold  up  well,  with 
a  tendency  to  advance.  Large  vessels 
from  Philadelphia  are  still  on  a  basis  of 
70(i(75c.  to  Boston,  Salem  and  Portland; 
small  boats  from  New  York,  60^1/ 65c.  to 
points  around  Cape  Cod. 


Birmingham 
Oct.  10 — The  coal  mines  in  Alabama 
.ire  turning  out  a  large  quantity  of  coal 
and  there  is  apparently  a  demand  for 
every  ton  of  it.  The  coal  operators  are 
getting  more  for  the  coal  than  for  two 
or  three  years.  The  business  started 
in  when  labor  troubles  in  the  West 
brought  about  the  placing  of  some  healthy 
contracts  in  the  Birmingham  district  for 
coal.  Then  the  Pratt  Consolidated  Coal 
Company,  one  of  the  larger  commercial 


coal  companies  in  this  section,  workec 
up  a  big  trade  at  New  Orleans  and  a' 
other  Southern  ports,  building  a  coal 
loading  plant  at  New  Orleans  and  puttin; 
in  docks  so  that  some  large  vessels  cat 
take  on  coal.  The  home  consumption  is 
heavy  also. 

There  is  a  good  demand  for  coke,  am 
the  production  is  at  highwater  mark. 


Chicago 

Oct.  10 — Mild  weather  and  large  sup 
plies  of  the  coals  most  popular  in  thi; 
market  have  caused  dealers  to  complaii 
of  slack  business  in  the  last  week,  thougl 
the  demand  for  domestic  supplies  and  thi 
steam  trade  are  large.  Fine  coals  an 
weakening  notably  under  the  large  pro 
duction  of  the  Illinois  mines  and  appar 
ently  resuming  the  place  they  held  si; 
months  to  a  year  ago.  Illinois  and  Indian; 
coals  are  in  general  about  on  a  norma 
basis  for  this  time  of  the  year.  Fasten 
coals  are  selling  steadily,  but  the  suppl; 
has  been  larger  than  needed  and  the  mar 
ket  in  consequence  has  become  a  trifl( 
weak. 

Quotations  on  Illinois  and  Indiana  are 
Lump  and  egg,  $2.10(1/3.50;  run-of-mine 
$1.90r,(2.10;  screenings,  $1.40r(;  1.65 
Eastern  coals  bring  S3. 95  for  smokeles 
lump,  S3.30  for  smokeless  run-of-mine 
and  S3. 40  for  Hocking,  the  last  namei 
being  firm  and  not  in  too  great  demand. 

Until  the  coming  of  decidedly  code 
weather,  practically  all  coals  will  be  ii 
large  supply  and  indifferent  demand,  t' 
judge  from  the  present  outlook.  Shipper 
will  do  well  to  bear  in  mind  that  thi 
Illinois  production  is  now  abundant  am 
its  sale  concentrates  in  Chicago.  Domes 
tic  coals  especially  show  sluggishness 
and  anthracite  is  moving  slowly  fron 
wholesalers  or  retailers  and  to  consum 
ers. 


Cleveland 

Oct.  10 — Lake  shipments  are  beini 
rushed,  as  it  is  believed  that  the  seasoi 
will  end  early.  At  present  vessels  ar>' 
plenty,  but  the  dropping  of  ore  boats  ou . 
of  commission  will  cut  down  the  supply 
Domestic  trade  is  active.  Car  supply  i: 
improving,  and  the  railroads  are  gettint 
into  better  shnpe. 

Prices  are  firm.  Middle  district  coal 
f.o.b.  Cleveland,  is  $2.15  for  I'^-in. 
$1.90  for  >i-in.,  SI. 80  for  run-of-mine 
S1.55(fTI.70  for  slack.  No.  8  and  Cam 
bridge  districts  5  or  10c.  higher.  Poca 
hontas  is  quoted  $3.35  forjump  and  $2.9 
for  run-of-mine,  and  is  in  better  suppU 
than  it  has  been. 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


789 


Indianapolis 
Oct.  8— The  tone  of  the  coal  market 
'is  growing  stronger.  The  demand  for 
coal  at  the  mines  for  both  industrial  and 
domestic  use  took  a  sudden  spurt  during 
the  week.  The  operators  reported  that  in 
cities  outside  the  Indiana  coalfield  the 
jobbers  are  boosting  the  price  of  coal  and 
this  caused  a  sudden  jump  in  the  demand 
at  the  mines  which  already  have  large 
orders  to  fill.  The  high  water  during  the 
week  interfered  with  mining  in  some 
localities  and  the  hill  or  wagon  mines 
are  doing  a  big  business  in  supplying  lo- 
cal trade.  The  wagon  mines  are  deliv- 
ering coal  to  local  consumers  at  the  same 
price  that  Chicago  dealers  are  paying  on 
board  the  cars  at  the  mines. 


Prices  are  irregular  and    nominally    un- 
changed. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 


IRON  TRADE-REVIEW 


Pittsburg 

Oct.  11 — There  is  no  material  change 
n  the  market.  Shipments  continue  heavy 
ind  mines  are  running  to  good  advant- 
jge.  Prices  are  not  firming  up  to  any 
iNtent,  as  was  expected,  and  there  is 
)ossibly  a  triHe  more  cutting  than  a  fort- 
light  ago.  The  regular  quotable  market 
■emains:  Mine-run  and  nut,  S1.20(S 
1.22' J ;  H-in.,  S1.30r((  1.32' {■;  domestic, 
i!.-4-in.,  S1.45rf/ 1.471/j;  slack,  ISCaSZYzC. 
)er  ton. 

Connellsville  Cofcc— The  market  con- 
inues  very  quiet,  there  being  absolutely 
10  demand  for  next  year,  and  practically 
tone  for  prompt  delivery,  as  the  furnaces 
ire  working  the  same  as  formerly  and 
ire  already  covered.  An  exception  has 
)een  Corrigan,  McKinney  &  Co.,  who 
lave  been  buying  from  month  to  month 
his  half  year.  Last  week  they  closed  for 
he  remainder  of  their  November  and  De- 
:ember  requirements,  having  bought  a 
)ortion  of  their  fourth-quarter  require- 
pents  when  buying  September  coke.  The 
jrice  is  understood  to  have  been  $1.65  or 
J  trifle  higher,  there  being  a  slight  pre- 
Tiium  over  the  prompt  market  on  account 
)f  the  uncertainties  of  delivery  in  winter 
iionths.  We  continue  to  quote  standard 
grades  as  follows,  per  ton  at  ovens: 
Prompt  furnace,  SI. 60'*/  1.65;  contract 
furnace  (nominal),  Sl.TSl/ 1.85;  prompt 
foundry,  S2.10r((  2.25;  contract  foundry, 
>2.25(S(  2.50. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ending  Oct.  1  at  345,- 
390  tons,  an  increase  of  1000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  4362  cars  to  Pittsburg, 
5779  cars  to  points  west  and  846  cars  to 
points  east,  a  total  of   10,987  cars. 


St.  Louis 
Oct.  10--Demand  for  domestic  coal 
has  been  good;  steam  coal  is  more  quiet. 
The  supplies  coming  in  are  good,  in  spite 
of  the  troubles  about  cars.  In  fact  this 
really  holds  more  coal  for  the  local  mar- 
ket. The  restrictions  on  car  movement 
cdntinue  and  most  of  the  roads  will  not 
I  let   their   cars    go    off   their   own    tracks. 


Illinois,  Standard: 

Mine. 

St. 
Louis. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 

2-in.  lump 

Mino-run 

$2.00 
1.85 
1.60 

$2.52 
2.37 
2.12 

Screenings 

1.20 

1.72 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 

:i-in.  nut 

2.50 
2.00 

3.02 
2.52 

Staunton  or  Ml.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 

2.00 
1.60 

2.52 
2.12 

Mine-run 

1.65 

2.17 

Screenings 

l..iO 

2.02 

Carterville: 

2.00 

2.67 

.'J-in.  nut 

Mine-run 

2.00 
1  60 

2.67 
2.07 

Screenings 

1.25 

1.92 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 

lAimp  or  egg 

1 .  90 

■1.40 

1  55 

4  00 

Pennsylvania  Anthracite: 

Nut.  stove  or  egg 

Grate 

6.95 
6.70 

.Arkansas  .\nthracite: 

2.35 

5.35 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 

Cas  house 

Smithing 

5.40 
4.90 
4.15 

East  St.  Louis  prices  on  soft  coal  are 
20c.  less  than  the  St.  Louis  quotations. 

Anthracite — The  market  remains  ac- 
tive. Demand  is  good,  especially  for 
chestnut  coal. 


FOREIGN  COAL-TRADE 


French  Coal  Trade — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  fuel  in  France,  half  year  ended 
June  30,  metric  tons: 

Imports.  Exports.         Excess. 

Coal 7.2.').-).'277  65e,326  Imp.fi„'i9S,951 

Coke 1.1178.064  57,6l:f  Imp.l,(l20.4.')l 

Briquets 400,498  64,162  Imp.    396,:)36 

Total H,79;).S39        77S,101     Imp.R.01.5,738 

Total,  1909 9,l.''il,608        660.975     Imp.H,4<,10..W3 

The  exports  this  year  included  62,794 
tons  coal  and  30,337  tons  briquets  fur- 
nished to  steamships  in  foreign  trade. 

German  Coal  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  coal  in  the  German  Empire,  seven 
months  ended  July  31,  metric  tons: 

Exports.  Imports.  Excess. 

Coal V2,797.-J77  6.021.S0S  Exp.    0,775,409 

Brown  coal...          ;!5.901  4,'22r..3.W  Imp.    4,190.394 

Coke 2.:«2.938  300.117  Exp.    1.972.821 

Briquets 1.0.55.140  128.485  Exp.       920.065 

Total 16.221.316    10.736.765     Exp.    5.484.651 

Total.  1009..  14,920.240    11.739.588     Exp.    3.130,662 

Coke  exports  this  year  included  41,805 
tons  to  the  United  States. 

German  Coal  Production — Coal  pro- 
duction of  German  Empire,  seven  months 
ended  July  31,  metric  tons: 

1909.  1910.        Changes. 

Coal      85.181.831      86.360,970      1.1.179,1.39 

Brown  coal :)8.222.137      38,027.891     D.      194.246 

Total  mined..  12:1.403.968    124,388,801      I.     984,893 

Cokft  made 12.ir>4.578      13.388.070      1.1.22.3,492 

Briquets  made.    10,000.094      10.826,772     I.     220,078 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year 
8,355,414  tons  were  made  from  brown 
coal,  or  lignite. 


New  York,  Oct.  12 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  are  still  rather  inclined  to  hold 
a  waiting  position  so  far  as  future  busi- 
ness is  concerned.  The  main  topic  of  dis- 
cussion has  been  the  readjustments  in  the 
pipe  and  sheet  schedules;  and  general 
opinion  seems  to  be  that  they  point  to  an 
effort  to  keep  prices  up.  The  shest 
schedule  simply  recognized  the  cutting  in 
prices,  which  had  been  going  on  for  some 
time;  the  pipe  schedule  can  hardly  be 
called  either  an  advance  or  a  reduction, 
as  it  involves  a  general  reorganization, 
increasing  some  prices  and  lowering 
others.  It  will  probably  be  generally  rec- 
ognized, but  continued  shading  in  sheets 
is  probable,  owing  to  the  sharp  competi- 
tion for  business  resulting  from  the  great 
enlargement  of  capacity  in  the  sheet  mills 
during  the  past  two  years. 

There  is  little  new  in  pig  iron,  business 
continuing  about  the  same;  but  there 
seems  to  be  more  disposition  to  come  to- 
gether on  1911  business  on  the  part  of 
both  buyers  and  sellers.  The  Southern 
furnaces  are  evidently  giving  way  and 
concessions  of  25c.  and  even  more  have 
been  made  from  the  $11.50,  Birmingham, 
which  has  heretofore  been  insisted  on  as 
the  minimum  for  next  year. 

In  finished  material,  structural  steel 
continues  to  show  a  good  business  in  or- 
ders of  moderate  size.  Contracts  for 
wire  and  wire  products  are  reported  to  be 
coming  in  freely  and  in  large  quantity. 
Plates  are  quiet,  chiefly  owing  to  the 
lighter  demand  from  the  car  works. 
Some  small  orders  for  cars  are  reported, 
but  no   large  contracts. 

The  bids  for  the  steel  for  the  Quebec 
bridge  will  not  be  opened  for  about  10 
days  yet,  it  is  understood.  The  contract 
involves  between  80,000  and  85,000  tons 
of  high-grade  steel,  and  is  the  most  im- 
portant offered  for  some  time.  Bids  were 
received  from  British,  German  and  Amer- 
ican companies,  the  latter  including  the 
Pennsylvania  Steel  and  the  American 
Bridge  companies. 

Steel  Corporation  Orders — The  month- 
ly statement  of  the  United  States  Steel 
Corporation  shows  that  on  Sept.  30  the 
unfilled  orders  on  the  books  were  3,158,- 
105  tons.  The  decrease  during  Septem- 
ber was  379.022  tons.  This  causes  no 
surprise  in  the  steel  trade,  as  the  move- 
ment reflects  conditions  as  they  have  been 
understood.  It  is  to  be  presumed  that  the 
decrease  was  chiefly  in  rails,  line  pipe, 
plates,  structural  shapes,  and  finished 
structural  work,  with  a  minor  decrease  in 
tinplates.  In  sheets,  wire  and  merchant 
pipe,  business  has  been  good  and  in  mer- 
chant bars  moderately  good.  In  the 
heavy  lines  there  has  been  scarcely  any 
new  business,  while  shipments  against 
old  contracts  have  continued  heavy,  hence 
the  large  loss.  The  total  capacity  of  the 
Steel  Corporation  is  about  1,200,000  tons 


790 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  15,  1911). 


monthly.  It  has  been  understood  that  it 
was  operating  about  70  per  cent,  of  ca- 
pacity, which  would  make  its  shipments 
about  840,000  tons,  and  to  lose  380,000 
tons  in  unfilled  tonnage  would  require  it 
to  book  460,000  tons  during  the  month. 
The  bulk  of  this  tonnage  was  probably 
in  sheets,  bars,  merchant  pipe  and  wire. 
Pig  Iron  Production — The  reports  of 
the  blast  furnaces,  as  collected  and  pub- 
lished by  the  Iron  Age.  show  that  on  Oct. 
1  there  were  238  coke  and  anthracite 
furnaces  in  blast,  having  a  total  daily  ca- 
pacity of  67,300  tons,  an  increase  of  550 
tons  over  the  September  report.  Mak- 
ing allowance  for  the  charcoal  furnaces, 
the  estimated  production  of  pig  iron  in 
the  United  States  in  September  was 
2,085,000  tons;  for  the  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30  it  was  21,412,000  tons. 


Baltimore 

Oct.  10 — Imports  for  the  week  included 
400  tons  ferromanganese  and  30  tons 
silicospiegel  from  Liverpool;  5800  tons 
manganese  from  Vizigapatam,  India; 
3500  tons  cupreous  pyrites  from  Huelva, 
Spain;  37,850  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 

Birmingham 

Oct.  10 — Southern  pig-iron  manufac- 
turers are  selling  their  product  right 
along,  but  are  forced  to  accept  a  low 
price.  Some  selling  has  been  on  for  de- 
livery during  the  first  quarter  of  the  com- 
ing year,  but  the  up-price  so  far  heard  of 
is  SI  1.50  per  ton.  No.  2  foundry.  For  the 
balance  of  this  year  iron  at  SI  1.25  is  to 
be  heard  of  and  reports  have  been  current 
that  some  iron  has  been  sold  as  low  as 
Sll.  Consumers  are  said  to  be  in  need 
of  iron  and  as  a  consequence  some  rush 
orders  have  been  put  in.  The  stocks  of 
iron  on  the  yards  have  been  reduced. 
There  are  two  more  furnaces  in  blast  at 
present  than  were  going  a  month  ago. 
It  is  announced  that  two  others  will  go 
in  blast  by  the  end  of  this  month.  A 
number  of  inquiries  are  coming  in  for 
iron  during  the  first  and  second  quarters 
of  the  coming  year,  but  the  manufactur- 
ers are  not  anxious  to  quote  beyond  the 
first  quarter. 

The  steel  situation  shows  improvement. 
There  have  been  some  orders  placed  with 
the  Tennessee  company  recently  for  steel 
rails  that  will  give  steady  operation  of 
the  plant  at  Ensley  for  a  while. 

There  is  a  strong  demand  for  cast-iron 
pipe  again  and  some  heavy  orders  were 
recently  booked. 


Chicago 
Oct.  10 — Buying  of  pig  iron  continues 
to  be  small  but  steady,  and  the  market 
does  not  lose  anything  of  its  firmness, 
supply  seeming  fairly  well  adjusted  to 
demand.  There  is  a  tendency  on  the  part 
of  the  average  melter  to  look  ahead 
farther  than  he  has  been  doing  for  sev- 


eral months,  but  the  selling  agencies  are 
not  giving  low  enough  quotations  to  in- 
duce large  business  on  first-half  con- 
tiacts.  On  first-quarter  contracts  iron  in 
small  lots  is  being  steadily  placed,  the 
deinand  being  better  for  Northern  than 
for  Southern.  The  large  number  of  in- 
qiiiries  causes  general  predictions  b'y  the 
selling  interests  that  the  market  is  bound 
to  strengthen  as  soon  as  consumers  have 
used,  in  part  at  least,  the  iron  they  have 
stacked  for  use  in  the  next  30  to  90  days. 
Two  or  three  large  corporations  are  in  the 
market  for  lots  of  about  5000  tons  and 
these  sales  may  strengthen  the  buying 
movement.  The  largest  sale  in  the  last 
week  was  1000  tons. 

In  the  field  of  iron  and  steel  products, 
the  tone  is  decidedly  better,  structural 
contracts  especially  showing  improve- 
ment. Coke  remains  firm  at  S4.90  for  the 
best  Connellsville. 


Cleveland 

Oct.  10 — September  ore  shipments 
showed  a  drop  of  700,000  tons  from 
August,  but  were  still  larger  than  had 
been  expected. 

Pig  Iron — A  large  contract  for  foundry 
for  the  first  half  of  1911  is  reported,  and 
another  one  for  basic.  These  are  the 
first  of  any  importance  closed  here  for 
next  year.  The  foundry  included  some 
Northern  on  a  basis  of  about  S14,  Cleve- 
land and  some  Southern  on  a  basis  of 
SI  1.15  Birmingham.  The  basic  was  taken 
at  about  S14.25  at  furnace.  Some  small 
business  has  been  done  locally  at  un- 
changed prices. 

Finished  Material — Some  fair  contracts 
for  structural  steel  have  been  closed,  and 
some  sales  of  track  material  are  reported. 
Otherwise  the  market  is  quiet.  Specifica- 
tions on  contracts  are  good,  especially 
from  the  agricultural  implement  makers. 

Philadelphia 

Oct.  12 — Transactions  actually  closed 
have  been  mainly  in  foundry  iron.  Lit- 
tle basic  has  been  sold,  and  forge  is 
quiet.  Plenty  of  inquiries  for  1911  deliv- 
ery are  coming,  but  they  are  mostly  to 
test  the  market,  and  sellers  of  Northern 
are  holding  back,  though  Southern  mak- 
ers are  more  inclined  to  close.  No.  2X 
foundry  may  be  quoted  about  S16;  No.  2 
plain  around  SI 5.50;  with  forge  nominal 
at  S14.50  for  Northern. 

Steel  Billets — Billets  are  quiet,  only  a 
hand-to-mouth  business  being"  done. 

Bars — Business  has  been  mainly  in 
small  lots,  and  concessions  are  in  order. 
Steel  bars  are  pretty  well  held  at  1.55c., 
seaboard  delivery;  but  common  iron  has 
sold  at  1.40c.     Store  trade  is  fair. 

Sheets — New  orders  come  in  by  fits 
and  starts,  but  the  total  is  fair,  and  mills 
are  not  complaining. 

Plates — A  little  more  business  is  re- 
ported, mostly  in  the  line  of  small  orders. 


Some  large   contracts   for  ship   work  are 
said  to  be  coming. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — The  consumption  of 
tubes  continues  good.  Dealers  here  are 
still  figuring  over  the  new  pipe  discounts 
put  out  at  Pittsburg  last  week. 

Structural  Material — Small  orders  con- 
tinue to  come,  and  some  larger  contracts 
have  been  closed,  working  a  fair  total  fot 
the  week. 

Scraps — The  abandonment  of  the  buy- 
ing arrangement  of  the  associated  steel 
mills  is  generally  accepted,  and  dealers 
are  beginning  to  wake  up.  There  is  more 
demand  for  heavy  melting  steel  scrap, 
but  other  kinds  are  not  active.  A  sale 
of  old  rails  is  reported  at  a  low  price. 


Pittsburg 

Oct.  11— Reports  of  the  trend  of  the 
industry  since  the  first  of  the  month  are 
divergent,  some  steel  interests  reporting 
an  improvement,  with  better  bookings 
than  for  several  months,  others  reporting 
that  business  is  gradually  decreasing.  The 
difference  is  probably  due  to  difference  if 
viewpoint,  with  really  little  change  in  the 
flow  of  business.  The  salient  feature  ol 
the  situation  is  that  the  accumulation  o) 
business  in  the  heavy  lines  is  beginning 
to  play  out,  while  business  in  the  Hghi 
lines  is  close  to  normal.  Without  any  ma- 
terial change,  this  will  mean  a  consider- 
able decrease  in  production  before  the 
end  of  the  year.  Since  July  1  there  has 
been  practically  no  change.  Pig-iror 
production  has  averaged  about  25,OOO..O0C 
tons  a  year  in  the  past  three  months,  de- 
creasing very  slightly,  but  there  has  beer 
a  considerable  decrease  in  merchant  pro- 
duction and  practically  no  change  in  steel- 
works production. 

The  new  prices  put  out  by  the  Ameri- 
can Sheet  and  Tin  Plate  Company,  35 
noted  in  last  report,  have  not  been  adoptee 
in  full  by  the  independents.  The  prices 
were  about  SI  a  ton  above  the  going  mar- 
ket, but  the  company  had  adopted  a  less 
aggressive  policy  in  making  sales,  having 
a  fair  amount  of  tonnage  on  its  books. 
The  great  majority  of  the  independents 
are  adhering  to  the  company's  prices 
on  flat  sheets,  2.20c.  on  black  and  3.20c. 
on  galvanized.  28  gage,  there  being  shad- 
ing of  SI  a  ton  from  these  prices  only  in 
extreme  cases,  and  then  only  by  a  ver\ 
few  sellers.  In  corrugated  sheets,  on  the, 
other  hand,  there  are  free  sellers  among 
the  independents  at  5c.  per  square  undet 
the  company's  prices,  or  at  S1.S5  fot 
painted  and  S2.75  for  galvanized,  28  gage 
2'  J -in.  corrugations. 

Pig  Iron — There  have  been  moderate 
sales  of  bessemer  iron  in  lots  of  a  few 
hundred  to  a  thousand  tons,  one  sell- 
ing agency  reporting  sales  of  over  5000 
tons  in  the  past  10  days,  all  at  S15,  Val- 
ley, the  recognized  market  since  August. 
Basic  iron  is  quotable  25c.  lower  than  ai 
last  report,  as  it  appears  that  the  low- 
priced   sale    made    week    before    was  not 


October  15,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


791 


bnormal.  We  quote  for  this  year's  de- 
i\Lry,  at  Valley  furnaces,  90c.  higher 
Llivered  Pittsburg:  Bessemer,  S15;  ba- 
le. S13.25;  No.  2  foundry  and  inalleable, 
14;  gray  forge,  .S13.25.  For  first  quarter 
esseiner  is  available  at  $15,  having  al- 
eady  sold  at  this  price;  basic  has  shown 
0  indication  except  that  there  are  no  open 
uotations  as  low  as  S14;  foundry  and 
lalleable  have  sold  for  first  half  at  50c. 
d\ance  over  the  prompt  market. 

i'crromanganese  —  The  market  con- 
nues  quiet,  with  prices  rather  soft,  and 
annot  be  quoted  at  over  .S39.25,  Balti- 
lore,  freight  to  Pittsburg  being  $1.95, 
hile  S39  can  probably  be  done  without 
;uch  difficulty  and  it  is  even  reported 
lat  S39  has  been  shaded. 

Steel — New  business  is  light,  although 
[lipments  on  old  contracts  are  fairly 
eavy.  Quotations  as  revised  last  week 
and:  Bessemer  billets,  $24;  sheet  bars, 
25;  open-hearth  billets,  $25ri(  25.50; 
■  leet  bars.  $25.50r</26;  rods,  S28.50,  all 
o.b.  Pittsburg. 


St.  Louis 

Oct.  10 — A  little  more  spot  iron  is 
oving.  Consumers  are  still  buying 
osely,  to  meet  requirements  in  sight, 
lenty  of  inquiries  on  first-quarter  busi- 
;ss  are  in,  but  few  or  no  contracts  have 
;en  closed.  Current  prices  remain  un- 
langed    at   31  l.OOrVi  1 1.50,    Birmingham, 

S14.75r((  15.25,  f.o.b.  St.  Louis,  for  No. 

foundry.  The  inclination  is  toward  the 
wer  level,  most  business  being  at  about 
1 1.15,   Birmingham. 


Foreign  Trade  United  States 

Iron  and  Steel — Exports  and  imports  of 
on  and  steel  in  the  United  States  for 
le  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31  are 
ilued  as  below  by  the  Bureau  of  Sta- 
jtics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce 
id  Labor: 

I'.Ni'.i.  I'.ili).  Chantrps. 

-I^irtn $10ii,ii.i:).'.i.V2  $i:)0,i4K.fj.'i    I.fJ'.i,l'.i4.n:f 

ii|X»rt» I»,n5,i:j0      •27,76ii,."i:J4    1.    '.I.SW.ICM 


19(1<.) 
87  9')9 


Imports — ^ 
limi. 
Iii9,947 
62,271 


4.:i77 
10.1411 
'.I,;i44 

2.226 

7,ri()6 


32,1()H 
2K,7o:i 


4,7r,l 

li.siii 


40,1)42        51,082 


Excess,  oxp.  $82, 778, 822  tl02,:fK8.;-|',ll     I. $]'.!. ('ilKI. 7(10 

The  leading  items  of  imports  and  ex- 
irts  were,  in  long  tons: 

/ — Exports — ^ 
WOO.         1010. 

g  Iron 37,97.'>      70.8(H 

rap 22,0.iU      14,0.i2 

IllKts.blooms.otc.    84,110       9,i;82 
irh .');). 6.10      81,844 

nils 16r.,:)im  243,244 

I"  and  platos,,  107,73.5  179.61i3 

•nrnlstepl m,'.)m  104,210 

i"ii» u,(;oo  K.m:i 

101,217  109.630 

alls  niid  »piko8..    30,:m6  40.W18 

InplalHH 6,21.''i  7,.W7 

lIieaiHl  lltllnKS..    00,124  10.1,141 

Imports  of  wire  not  reported  in  quan- 
ties;  values  were  $665,556  in  1909,  and 
1 1,052,878  this  year.  Imports  of  rails 
nd  structural  steel  not  reported  this  year. 

Iron  and  Manganese  Ore — Imports  and 
\ports  of  iron  ore  in  the  United  States 
ight  months  ended  Aug.  31,  long  tons: 

,  liKW.  1910.       CbacKes. 

Uporta or,4,7l«    l.TOUOi.'!     I.    8.ir,.:!07 

.xports :iir2.766      430. iwo     i.     127.023 

Of  the  imports  this  year  996,060  tons 


were  from  Cuba,  362,863  from  Spain, 
160,927  from  Sweden  and  108,619  tons 
from  Canada. 

Imports  of  manganese  ore  for  the  eight 
months  were  135,603  tons  in  1909,  and 
157,629  in   1910;  increase,  22,020  tons. 


g|  I  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE   = 


British  Foreign  Trade — Exports  and 
imports  of  iron  and  stet-l  and  of  machin- 
ery in  Great  Britain,  eight  months  ended 
Aug.  31,  are  valued  by  the  Board  of 
Trade  returns  as  follows: 

Exports.     Imports.         Excess. 
Iron  and  steel  £2K,207,096  £  5,200,806  Ex.  £23,006,201 
Cutlery    ,i  n  (I 

harilware  . .  4,101,3.i3  2,832,784  Ex.  1,268,569 
Machinery,..  19,065,238  2.998,654  Ex.  16.060,684 
New  ships....       7,052.980        Ex.       7.0.12,080 


Total £68,616,667  £11.032,243  Ex.  £47,484,424 

Total.  1000..     .'•iO,953..533     10,607,101  Ex,     40.346,342 

Increase  in  exports  this  year,  £7,563,- 
134,  or  14.8  per  cent.;  increase  in  imports, 
£425,052,  or  4  per  cent.  Quantities  of  iron 
and  steel  were,  in  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.        Changes. 

Exports 2,72.5.060    3.063.662      I.    328.692 

Imports 776,710        8.59,793      I.      83.083 

Exports  of  scrap  iron  and  steel,  not 
included  above,  105,244  tons  in  1909,  and 
109,535  in  1910;  imports,  15,767  tons  in 
1909.  and  42,984  this  year. 


f    METAL'  MARKETS  ||Q 


New  York,  Oct.  12 — The  metal  markets 
have  been  rather  irregular,  but  on  the 
whole  show  some  tendency  to  improve- 
ment. 

Our  index  number  for  the  metals,  cal- 
culated on  the  approximate  production 
and  sales  of  pig  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead, 
zinc  and  aluminum,  was  127  for  the 
month  of  January;  124  for  February;  118 
for  March;  118  for  April;  113  for  JVlay; 
107  for  June;  112  for  July;  113  for  Aug- 
ust;   114   for  September. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


CXITED     STATE.S     CIlLD 

AND    SII.VKIi 

MOVEMENT 

Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

Auk.  1910.. 

$3,1.50.423 

$12,818,606 

Im 

l.$  9.668,183 

"     1009.. 

9,230,27:1 

5.:J48,757 

Exp.      3,881,516 

Year  1910.. 

53,405,605 

42,489,786 

11,IKI5,819 

"      1909.. 

89.720.392 

28,764.235 

" 

60.972,1.57 

Sliver : 

Aug.   1010.. 

4.755,708 

4.119,:«;2 

Exr 

630.346 

"      1909.. 

4,494, .552 

3,190,988 

1.303..5(U 

Year  1910. . 

;t6.934,397 

29,815,770 

" 

7,118,627 

■•     19U9.. 

38.903.684 

29,970.133 

8,024,451 

Hxporls  from  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
ended  Oil.  .S  :  (iold.  .<:4no  :  .silver.  .fLcis-.'..-!:!!!, 
to  London.  Paris  and  lluniluiru.  Imports: 
Cold  $'JlM.!);».s.  from  the  West  Indies.  .South 
..\merlen  and  Australia:  silver.  $,"i,S.,'.S(!,  from 
Central    and    South    .\merlca. 

GoW--Demand  for  new  supplies  has 
not  been  quite  as  active  as  last  week,  and 
prices  on  the  open  market  in  London  were 
unchanged  at  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for  bars 
a-nd  76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for  American  coin. 

Platinum — The  market  is  strong  on  the 
recent  advance.  Dealers  ask  .$36f;(  36.50 
per  oz.  for  refined  platinum,  and  S42(fr 
42.50  per  oz.  for  hard  metal. 


Our  Russian  correspondent  reports,  un- 
der date  of  Sept.  29,  that  the  market  is 
quiet  and  the  prices  remain  unchanged. 
From  Ekaterinburg  reports  come  of  great 
activity  on  the  mines  and  that  the  produc- 
tion of  this  year  will  considerably  surpass 
that  of  the  previous  year.  The  crude 
metal  is  quoted:  At  Ekaterinburg  7.50 
rubles  per  zolotnik;  in  St.  Petersburg, 
28,500  rubles  per  pood— equal  to  S28.20 
and  $27.93  per  oz.  respectively. 


SILVER    AM 

STEllLING 

EXCHANCE 

Oct. 

6 

7 

8 

10 

11 

12 

New  York.... 

London 

Sterling  Ex.. 

54X 

24}S 

4.8640 

Sir, 

25,'„ 
4.8625 

64>-,; 

25,',, 

4.8620 

25,",, 
4.8610 

64% 

26,«,. 

4.8600 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troj', 
line  silver :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterlini: 
silver.  O.ilL'o   line. 

Silver — The  tendency  of  silver  is 
toward  improvement  in  price.  This  feel- 
ing is  founded  on  the  fact  that  the  con- 
dition of  the  crops  in  India  is  considered 
very  satisfactory.  As  an  indication  of 
the  great  recuperative  power  of  India  it 
is  worthy  of  note  that  the  exports  of 
1909-10  were  the  highest  on  record,  and 
showed  an  increase  of  23  per  cent,  over 
the  previous  year. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zl 

ac. 

ji 

4^ 

j2 

MS^ 

.X? 

MO 

>»"^ 

OD  "■ 

u^ 

® 

P  (0 

u 

i"  s 

=  o 

^S 

at 

t; 

8 

a 

CO 

6 

!5a 

coo 

1^ 

!5a 

.  X 

12>i 

12.46 

4.25 

6. 62  J 

6.374 

6 

(S)12?i 

©12.60 

35ii 

4.40 

©4.27J 

©5.55 

©5.40 

12« 

12.45 

1.25 

5. 52  J 

5.374 

7 

©12% 

©12.55 

35% 

4.40 

©4. 27  J 

©6.55 

©6.40 

nu 

12.60 

4.26 

5.521 

6.37J 

8 

raviv. 

©12.65 

36 

4.40 

©4. 27  J  ©5.66 

©5.40 

1254 

12.60 

4.26  1     6.52J 

5. 37  J 

10 

©12% 

©12.66 

3GK 

4.40 

©4. 27  i  ©6.. 55 

©5.40 

12  Si 

12.  .50 

4.26  1     5.52J 

5.37J 

11 

®12% 

©12.55 

36K 

4.40 

©4.27J©5.66 

©5.40 

12 

The  New  Y'ork  quotations  for  electrol.vtlc 
copper  are  for  cakes.  iu;jots  and  wlrebars, 
and  represent  the  hulk  of  the  transactions 
made  with  consumers,  basis  .New  Ycu'k,  cast;. 
The  prices  of  caslliiK  eopp<'r  and  of  electrolytic 
calhodes  are  usually  ii.l'J."ic.  helow  that  of 
electrolvllc.  The  <|uotaIions  for  lead  repre- 
sent whidesale  Iransacllons  in  the  open  mar- 
ket. The  iiuotalions  on  spelliu-  are  for 
ordinary  Weslein  brands;  special  brands 
coinnuind    a    iiremiuni. 

Copper — The  publication  of  the  figures 
of  the  Producers'  Association  last  Fri- 
day, showing  a  decrease  in  the  domestic 
stock  of  20,087,531  lb.,  had  a  decided 
effect  upon  sentiment  abroad.  Consum- 
ers and  speculators  took  liberal  hold  of 
the  market  and  a  fairly  large  business  re- 
sulted at  somewhat  better  prices.  Strange 
to  say  domestic  consumers  have  so  far 
been  quite  indifferent  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  the  deliveries,  as  per  the  statistics 
of  the  Producers'  Association,  show  that 
the  recent  rate  of  copper  consutnption  in 
this  country  is  well  maintained.  The 
volume  of  business  transacted  with  Europe 


792 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


LONDON 


Copper, 

Tiu. 

Lead, 
Span- 
isli. 

Zinc, 

s 

Spot, 

3M0S 

Best 
Sertd 

Spot, 

3  Mos 

Ordi- 
naries. 

6 

55% 

5C»i 

60 

160K 

168M 

12% 

23% 

7 

5C.,'j 

57 

60)i 

161 3i 

159 

12% 

13)i 

10 

SS'j 

57 

60« 

164  "i 

100 

mi 

23% 

n 

S6fi 

57K 

60^ 

163  Ji 

159K 

13 

23  Ji 

.... 

The  alMive  table  give;,  the  closing  quota- 
tions on  London  Metal  l^xcliange.  -\11  prices 
are  in  pounds  sterling  per  ton  of  T24i<  lb. 
Copper  quotations  are  for  standard  cojiper, 
spot  and  three  months  ,and  for  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  being  subject  to  3 
per  cent,  discount.  For  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  Loudon  prices  in  pounds  sterling 
per  2240  lb.,  with  American  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  following  approximate  ratios 
are  given:  £10  =  2.17  i-c,  :  £12  =  2.61c. ; 
£23  =  ,5c.:    £60  -  13.04c.   ±   £1  =    -t    0.21  %c. 

is  estimated  at  25,000,000  to  30,000,000 
lb.,  at  prices  ranging  from  12.65fi(  12.70, 
c.i.f.,  corresponding  to  \2.5Q(ii  12.55,  New 
York,  Almost  all  the  agencies  participated 
in  this  business,  Calumet  &  Hecia  is  re- 
ported to  have  raised  its  price  to  13c, 
for  copper  delivered  in  Europe,  Domestic 
manufacturers  have  not  figured  promi- 
nently in  the  market.  Some  trifling  sales 
of  electrolytic  have  been  made  at  12,70c, 
delivered,  30  days,  equivalent  to  about 
!2,55c.  cash,  New  York,  while  some  small 
sales  of  Lake  copper  have  been  made 
at  I2ii(fi  12%.  Sales  of  electrolytic  cop- 
per have  been  made  for  delivery  as  far 
ahead  as  January,  such  late  deliveries 
fetching  slightly  higher  prices  than  the 
early.  The  close  is  steady  at  12.'-4''"  12",sC. 
for  Lake  copper,'  and  \2.500i  12.55c.  for 
electrolytic  copper  in  cakes,  wirebars  and 
ingots.  Casting  copper  is  quoted  nominally 
at  1214  fr/  121^.  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  \8(<i  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

Covering  on  the  part  of  bears  and 
speculation  for  higher  prices  have  been 
manifest  in  the  standard  market  through- 
out the  week,  and  there  has  been  a  steady 
improvement,  the  close  being  firm  at  £56 
12s.  6d.  for  spot,  and  £57  10s.  for  three 
months. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  5537  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1102  tons. 

Imports  of  copper  into  Germany,  eight 
months  ended  Aug.  31  were  114,916  met- 
ric tons;  exports,  6074;  net  imports,  108,- 
842  tons,  an  increase  of  4796  tons. 

Tin — The  spot  markets,  both  in  London 
and  here,  are  cornered.  It  was  easy, 
therefore,  to  advance  prices  still  further, 
and  this  without  manipulating  large 
quantities.  Transactions  on  the  London 
Metal  Exchange  were  small.  Futures 
naturally  did  not  share  the  full  advance 
of  spot  tin,  and  are  selling  today  at  a 
discount  of  £4.     The  close  is  cabled   at 


£163  15s.  for  spot,  and  £159  15s,  for 
three  months. 

Premiums  for  spot  tin  in  this  market 
advanced  to  Ic,  per  lb,  over  import  basis. 
Some  of  the  consumers  who  had  to  have 
material  were  helped  out  by  the  largest 
holders,  who  did  not  ask  the  advance  that 
was  demanded  by  dealers.  Under  the 
circumstances,  consumptive  buying  is  at 
a  standstill  and  business  is  taking  place 
among  dealers  and  speculators  only.  At 
the  close,  October  tin  can  be  bought  at 
about  36'  J   cents. 

Lead — The  market  is  steady  at  4.40c,, 
New  York,  Offerings  from  the  West  are 
on  a  somewhat  larger  scale  and  prices 
there  have  eased  off,  being  quoted  at  4,25 
rr(4,27.'jc„   St,   Louis, 

The  improvement  in  the  London  mar- 
ket has  made  further  progress,  the  close 
being  cabled  at  £13  for  Spanish  lead,  and 
£13  2s,  6d.  for  English, 

Spelter — A  fair  business  has  been  done 
during  the  last  week,  but  demand  has  by 
no  means  been  so  strong  as  a  little  while 
ago  and  stocks  in  the  hands  of  smelters 
are  believed  to  be  accumulating  some- 
what. The  business  transacted  has  been 
at  5.37'2fi;i5,40c„  St,  Louis,  the  pre- 
ponderance being  on  the  lower  side  of 
the  mean  rather  than  on  the  higher. 
However,  the  conditions  in  the  spelter 
business  are  believed  to  be  tending 
toward  a  higher  level  of  price,  and  in  the 
expectation  of  better  trade  in  the  near 
future  smelters  are  not  pressing  their 
product  for  sale.  The  market  closes  at 
5,52' l,rt7  5,55c,,  New  York,  and  5,37':.rr/' 
5,40c,,  St,  Louis. 

The  advance  abroad  has  been  well 
maintained,  the  close  being  cabled  as  un- 
changed at  £23  15s,  for  good  ordinaries, 
and  £24   for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7,50  per 
100  lb„  f,o,b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111,,  less  8 
per  cent   discount. 

The  Granby  Milling  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany has  purchased  a  smeltery  site  at 
East  St,  Louis,  III,,  and  a  tract  of  coal 
land  on  the  Vandalia  railway,  about  30 
miles  east. 


less   for  export.     The   London  price   ha 
been  reduced  5s,  and  is  now  £8  7s,  6d 
per  flask,  with  £8  5s,   named  by   secom- 
hands  i 


Other  Metals 


Imports  and  Exports  of  Metals 

Exports  and  imports  of  metals  in  thi 
United   States,  eight  months  ended  Aug. 
31,  are  reported  as  follows,  in  the  meas 
ures  usual  in  the  trade: 

Metals :           Exports,  Imports.       Excess, 

Copper,  long  tons     184.9,52  98.213  Exp.       86.78 

Copper,  1909....      211,lU7  91.621  Exp.     119.52 

Tin.  l..lig  tous..--             414  :!2.603  Imp.       32.18 

Tiu,  1909 293  28.464  Imp,       28.16 

Lead,  short  tons.       40,163  71.118  Imp.       30.95 

Lead.  1909 1,4.943  70,189  Imp.       11,24 

Spelter,  sh.  tons.        1.066  2,549  Imp.        1,48 

Spelter.  1909....          2,258  5.177  Imp,         2,91 

Nickel,  lb 8.905.516  21.373.709  Imp,12,4(».19 

Nickel,  1909.,,.  7,421.687  13,258.622  Imp,  5,8:J6.93 

Autimuiiy,  lb 2,726  6,576.328  Imp,  ti,.')7,3.e 

Aiitlniiiiiy.  1909,         0,648  6..561.290  Imp,  6..i,')4.64 

Platinum, oz 77.6:17  Imp,       77,M 

Platinum.  1909 70,916  Imp,       70.91 

Aluminum,  value  $.524.:)82     Exp.  $.V24.38 

Aluminum,  1909     288.290     Exp.     288,29 

Ores,  etc, : 


Exp,17,2S0,30 

Exp,lH,i)82, " 

Exp,  i;.7ll3,07 

Exp,12.227.99 

42.430  Imp,        29.r 

80,972  Imp,        71.88 


Zinc  oxide,  lb,  ,  ,17,280.303 

Zinc  oxide,  ■09„18,6«2,683 
Ziuo  dross,  lb....  6,703,070 

Zinc  dross,  'OO,. 12,277,995 
Zinc  ores,  lg,tons       12,606 

Zinc  ores,  1909.          9,092 
Antim'y  ores,  lb 

Ant,  ores,  1909.  .504     3,386,798    Imp,  3,386,* 

Chrome  ore. tons  :iO         27.860    Imp,       27.8 

Chrome  ore. '09   24.891   Imp,       21.89 

Copper,  lead  and  nickel  (and  antimon; 
from  .^ug,  5,  1909)  include  the  meta 
contents  of  ores,  matte,  bullion,  etc.  Tht 
exports  given  include  reexports  of  foreigi 
material.  Zinc  contents  of  ore  importec 
in  1910  were  32,883,952  lb.;  not  reportec 
prior  to  date  of  new  tariff.  Quantity  0 
antimony  ore  is  not  reported  from  Aug 
5,  1909,  only  metal  contents  being  given 
Imports  of  aluminum  are  not  reported. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Oct.  8 — The  base  price 
paid  this  week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc  ort 
was  S43.  The  base  price  paid  for  80  pei 
cent,  lead  ore  was  $52  per  ton. 

SIIIl'.MIONTS,     WEEK    ENDED    OCT.    S. 

„  Zinc  Lead    Sulpha: 

L,amps.  ^j.p_  jj,_      pj.g_  jj,_    Qj.j,_  ,1, 

MineralPoint 830..500      

Gab>na 686,490       

Plaltovllle M6„610  55,000       421.701 

Benton 584..549          63.000       

Highland 370,100       

Cuba  City 154,780       263,3I( 

Harlter 67.040       

Livingston 80.01X)      ,' 


Aluminum — Sales  have  been  very  light. 
Plenty  of  metal  is  offered  at  22c,,  and 
business  can  be  done  at  a  lower  price. 
In  the  absence  of  sales  the  quotations  re- 
main nominally  at  21'jr((22c,  for  No,  1 
ingots.  New  York, 

Antimony — There  is  no  change  In  the 
market,  and  business  remains  on  a  retail 
hcTsis,  Prices  are  nominally  unchanged 
at  8'4r,(8j-gc,  per  lb,  for  Cookson's;  7(,s 
r<(8c,  for  U,  S,,  and  7'4''' V'-gc,  for  out- 
side brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  is  fair.  The 
New  York  quotations  are  unchanged  at 
$46  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  lots; 
$47177  48  for  jobbing  orders.  San  Fran- 
cisco, $45.50  for  domestic  orders  and  $2 


Total 3.344,969        188,IKX)       075,011 

Year  to  date 78,807.774    7.671.644  21.141.53l 

Shipped  during  the  week  to  separating 
plants,  2,711,218  lb.  zinc  ore. 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Oct.  8 — The  highest  price, 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  S47  per 
ton,  the  base  ranging  from  $41  to  $44.5('' 
per  ton  of  60  per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  sili- 
cate ore  sold  on  a  base  of  $22'</25  per 
ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average 
price,  all  grades  of  zinc  ore  was  $39.94. 
The  highest  price  paid  for  lead  ore  was 
$55,  and  the  average  price  all  grades  was 
$54.54  per  ton. 

The  zinc  ore  market  opened  weaker 
the  early  part  of  the  week,  and  consider- 
able ore  sold  on  a  base  ranging  from 
$41  to  $43,  but  by  Thursday  noon,  when 


October  15,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


793 


he  market  is  really  made  for  the  week, 
here  were  several  lots  sold  at  a  S44  base 
nd  by  Friday  $44.50  was  paid  for  a  few 
arloads.  The  zinc  shipment  was  a  de- 
fease of  37  tons  over  last  week.  The 
^ad-ore  market  was  weaker,  some  sell- 
ig  as  low  as  $53,  but  the  general  market 
.•as  on  a  $54  base.  The  lead  shipment 
.•as  an  increase  of  276  tons  over  the 
revious  week. 

SHTrMEXTS.    WEEK    ENDED    OCT.    S. 


Zinc,  lb.  Load  lb.    Value. 


.'.•hh  I'lty-CartHrviUo: 

i|>lin 

llj(l-NBCk 

•  >iirjr''nu 

!   'la 


laiiil 

UHllWOg 

urora 

arl  Junction 
artliago 

ir^nxic 

.iw 

r 

springs. 

T..tals 


3.i'>r.i;.2iiu 
1.737.5.50 
1, -277, 110 
381,960 
645  7.50 
680,960 
•267,710 
520.250 
40O.l'>40 
30li.690 
■2(H1,780' 
191.6'JO 
194.71MJ 
149.530 
129.010 
59.800 


1,1186.060 
209.380 


389.660 
65,790 
10.510 

•223.080 
66.160 
•20.980 


10.710.320    2,064,^220     $270,221 


$106, 
42, 
•29, 
14 
12, 
II 
11 
0, 

a, 

5 

4 
4 


R74 
141 
373 
,916 
866 
,7.S5 
,762 
,069 
.•287 
.086 
.417 
.215 
.859 
.76(i 
.580 
,•2^26 


..|i8 4.5H,343.370  67 ,-2.58,880  $10,756,244 

.  ;ilue,  the  -week.  $213.919 ;   41  weeks,  $9,016,017 
.11.1  valUd,  the  week,      56,302;    41  weeks,    l,740.-2-27 

.MOX'IIII.V    AVEI!.\(;E   I'UICES. 


Month. 


inuary. . . 

•ibruary.. 

arch 

Ijiil 

ay 

me 

ay 

n'.ni>»t 

Tiiber 
'■r.. , . 
rubor. 

■  ■comber. 

Tear 


ZISC  OBE. 


Base  Price.     All  Ores, 


1909.     1910. 


$11. 

3(! 

37. 
38 
40 
44 
43. 
48, 
47. 
19. 
51 
19. 


$13.98 


$47.31 
40 .  69 
43.60 
41.00 
40.19 
40. '20 
39.6;) 
40.13 
4;)  45 


1909.     1910. 


$11. -20 


$45 
39 
39. 
39 
.37 
37 
36 
37 
39 


Lead  Oke. 


All  Ores. 


16  $52.17 
47  50.50 
50.82 
56.63 
56.59 
67.. 52 
63.74 
57.  «l 
.56.11 
55.02 
63.94 
55.  ^26 


$54.60 


$66.99 
53.64 
51.  •26 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48 .  59 
49.75 
61.73 


Ni'TK — T'ndor  zinc  nro  the  Tirst  Iwo  col- 
rnns  give  l>ase  ])rices  f<»r  lid  per  cent,  zinc 
re;  the  second  two  1!u'  aver.iee  foi^  all  ores 
old.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  averasc  for 
II   ores   sold. 


g 

CHEMICALS 

y 

United   States  on   Oct.    1    as    follows,   in 
long  tons: 


New  York,  Oct.  12 — The  general  mar- 
;cts  continue  rather  quiet,  as  they  have 
leen  for  some  time,  with  no  material 
:hanges  in  quotations. 

Copper  Sulphate — A  fair  business  is 
■"orward,  with  no  change  in  quotations, 
vhlch  remain  at  $4  per  100  lb.  for  carload 
ots  and  $4.25  per  100  lb.  for  smaller 
larcels. 

Arsenic—The  market  for  this  article 
las  been  extremely  dull.  In  the  absence 
if  sales  quotations  are  nominally  un- 
:hanged,  at  $2.25r„  2.37' <  per  100  lb.  for 
*hite  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Sorfo— Quotations    for  spot 
■  are  2A0fii2.\2]Ac.  per  lb.;  while  2.12'/'fi7' 
\2A5c.  is  asked  for  futures. 
I    Messrs.  Mortimer  &  Wisner,  New  York, 
report    the    position    of    nitrate    in    the 


stocks.  Jan.  1 

Imports.  9  mns 

. . .  9.140 
...  '243,3.50 

14.000 
335,285 

I. 
I. 

4,860 
91,9:)5 

Total  suppilos 

Deliveries,  9  mos. . . 

...  252,490 
.  . .  243.010 

...  9.480 
.  . .     90,000 

319,'286 
338.335 

I. 
I. 

96.795 
95,,325 

Stocks,  Oct.  1 

AHoat  for  U.  S 

10,950 
70,000 

I. 
D. 

1.170 
•20.000 

Quantities  afloat  include  all  cargoes 
due  to  arrive  at  United  States  ports  be- 
fore Jan.   15  next. 

Imports  and  Exports — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  chemicals  and  raw  materials  in 
the  United  States,  eight  months  ended 
Aug.  31: 


general  sentiment  is  more  cheerful  and 
reports  from  all  sides  indicate  optimism. 
The  decrease  in  stocks  of  copper  is  en- 
couraging. It  is  also  believed  by  well 
posted  local  people  that  the  low^  price 
of  copper  has  increased   consumption. 

Butte  shares  seem  to  have  benefited 
mostly  by  the  better  feeling  which  has 
developed.      Of   the    Butte  '  issues    North 

corrEii  I'ltoui'CTioN  kei-okts. 

('u|iper   contents   of  blister  copper,   in   pounds. 


Imports. 

Exports. 

Excess. 

Bleach,  lb 

62.^2.58.164 

496  I. 

62.257,668 

Bleach,  1909.... 

56.833,701 

13.964   I. 

56.819,737 

Potash  salts,  lb.. 

366.8^28.562 

2.0112.668   I. 

364,8^25.894 

Potash  Halts.^09 

246.:)49.166 

1,867,8-24   1. 

244.481,:)42 

Soda  salts,  lb. . .. 

21.il.Mt.ns7 

326.1173  I. 

■2I1.7'24.014 

Soda  salts,  1909 

10.^241,57ll 

J45.-205   I. 

9.796.365 

Acetate  lime.  lb. 

44,391,403  E. 

44.391.403 

Acetate.  1909. . . 

)0,358.623  E. 

60,3.58.rv23 

Nit.  of  soda,  tons 

373.112 

4,323   I. 

;i68,789 

Nitrate.  1909... 

•258.542 

6.^240   I. 

247.:)02 

PhoHpliales,  tons 

10.277 

697,566  E. 

687,288 

Phosphates. '09 

6.077 

713,7.58  E. 

7117,681 

Sulphur,  tons.... 

21.868 

•22.981  E. 

1,113 

Suii>bur.  1909.. 

20,086 

13,686  I. 

6.4(H1 

645,038 
449,387 

I. 

545,0:18 

Pvritc^s.  1909. .. 

I. 

449.;t87 

Magnesite.  lb. . . . 

190.6.56,768 

3,180,662    I. 

187,476,106 

Magncslte.  1909 

27,536,265 

203,8:15   I. 

27,332,4^20 

Exports  include  reexports  of  foreign 
material.  Figures  for  magnesite  not  re- 
ported prior  to  July  1,  1909;  imports 
above  for  1909  are  for  two  months  only. 
Estimating  sulphur  contents  of  pyrites, 
the  total  imports  of  sulphur  in  1910  were 
239,883  tons. 


Petroleum 
It  is  to  be  noted  that  while  exports  of 
the  various  forms  of  refined  petroleum 
showed  a  decrease  in  the  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31,  there  was  an  increase  of 
5,052, 5(i8  gal.,  or  4.7  per  cent.,  in  exports 
of  crude  oil,  and  a  gain  of  1,505,778  gal., 
or  2  per  cent.,  in  those  of  residuum. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


Boston,  Oct.  II — The  Boston  market 
during  the  past  week  has  been  quiet  and 
bare  of  any  sensational   news,    but    the 


Company. 

July. 

August. 

Septem- 
ber. 

Anaconda 

Artznna.  Ltd 

Bnlaklala 

BnkM.  (MmxIco) 

Copper  yue«u 

Calumet  .S:  Ariz.... 
Caiianca  (Moxicn).. 

2.910.000 

l.ioo.mx) 

■i.'iTi.lW) 
8.771. 7;!5 
2.705.000 
4.5OO.000 
1.80O.O0O 

"soo'.ooo 

'l,958,6:)'7 
6,896.1'29 
2,0(M).(100 
2.'207,00O 
2,^224.000 
8.677.1M10 
23.7.50.000 
19.0OO,O0« 

e'.ii-ib'.OOO 

2.039,W0 
7,796,559 
2.560.(H)0 
3,6^26,1XK1 
2,100,000 

100,1100 

'l.03b/2O4 

6.81KI.OO0 

2.69;i.ooo 
1.546.1K10 
2.5-20.(KIO 
7.440.o:i5 
23,760.000 
18.800,000 

•22.200,000 
2,672,000 

6.903,769 

3.,565'.Oo6 
2.r28.(KK) 

EnstButto 

79I),1X)0 

Mnnimoth 

M'lctozunui  (Mex.). 

Ntn-aila  Cun 

Old  Dominion 

2.2Vl'.i35 
5.270.1MKI 

1.418,0(H) 

Suporior  &  Pitta.... 
Utah  CoppMr  Co 

7.10O.OOO 

Lake  Sujierior 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars.  etc.. 

90.801.411 
17.711.031 

86.^221,318 
13,324,788 

108.,518.145 
6.158.637 

98,546,106 
5,166,^201 

Deduct  Can.  &  Moc. 

Net  blister  rep. .. 
Imp.  in  ore  A:  matte 

102.0.59.808 
6.637.836 

93,389.902 
13,031.'2.51 

Total 

108.697.641 

100,421,160 

Unite  dislriei  and  I.aki'  Superior  ligures  are 
i-stiniated  ;  otliers  ai-e  reports  received  from 
comi>anies,  Impoi-ls  duplicate  pi^odndion  of 
Cananea.  and  that  part  of  Copper  (^iieen  pro- 
duction wliieli  I'omes  from  Naco/.ari.  ISoleo 
copper  does  not  ci>rne  to  .■Vnieriean  reliners. 
rtali  Copper  report  includes  the  oiitpul  of 
the  Uoslon  mill.  Unite  district  product  ion  for 
Septemlier  is  given  under  Anaconda  and  East 
I'.ulte. 

STATISTICS   OF  COri'EH. 


Neiv  York,  Oct.  12 — The  general  stock 
market  has  been  quiet.  The  outside  pub- 
lic continues  conspicuously  absent,  and 
trading  has  been  of  little  interest,  with 
only  fractional  changes  in  quotations. 

A  sale  of  1 10  shares  of  Homestake.  of 
South  Dakota,  is  noted  at  $80  per  share. 

The  Curb  market,  like  the  Exchange, 
inclined  to  quiet  and  fractional  changes, 
showing  no  marked  tendency  in  either  di- 
rection. The  copper  shares  were  the 
most  active  and  strongest  during  the 
week. 

At  auction,  in  New  York,  Oct.  6,  a  lot 
of  ,$8000  La  France  Copper  Company 
6  per  cent,  first-mortgage  bonds,  January, 
1910,  coupons  attached,  sold  at  10  per 
cent.;  1600  shares  United  Copper  com- 
mon, $100  par,  brought  $4.37  J/r,/ 4.50  per 
share. 


Mouth. 

United 

States 

Producfn. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
lor  Export. 

X. 1909 

XI               

P24. 6.57.709 
121.618.369 
117.8'28.665 

66.3.59.617 
66.857.873 
69,519,601 

66.261.238 
.56.^266,696 

SII 

Year 

1.105.103,0.56 

706,061,691 

080.942,620 

1.1910 

II 

n6.517,^287 
112,712,493 
l-20,067,467 
117,477.639 
1-23.-242.476 
1-27.219.188 
118,:no,iK13 

1-27.803,618 
119.519.983 

78,168,387 
66,r,18.322 
62.844.818 
67.986.951 
.59.305,-2-22 
53.:t6:).196 
56.708.175 
67,731. '271 
01,501,018 

81.691.672 
:t7.369.518 

Ill                

40  .585,767 

IV 

31  3;!2.4S1 

v 

46.496.400 

VI 

(>5.896,948 

VII 

59.407.167 

VIII 

01.831.7.80 

rx 

76,106,496 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

United 
Stales. 

Europe. 

Total. 

X.  19119 

\I    

151.17^2.772 

15:1..509.626 
1.53.1Hl:l.5'27 
)41.7i-Jl.lll 

'.ts.4r,;i,;i39 

107,187,992 
1-23,8-24.871 
141.981.1.59 
1611.4-25.973 
108.;)86.I117 
170,640,678 
l|-«,881,-245 
118,793,714 

210.-2-21.000 
2-22..566.4(10 
-2:l6,857,t-J10 
244,-204, 81  Ht 
-248.-2:16,800 
-254.1.50,400 
249.6-26,6(Kl 
-2-l6.870.4(Hl 
-239,142.400 
-2.-!2,892.800 
'2'22.3-2ll.lHKI 
218..|.|4,8«) 
211.276,300 

361.696,772 
376.076,026 
;t89,861,127 
386,970,911 
:t46.7IHl,139 
:i6i  :i:i8  392 

XII 

I.  1910 

II 

Ill 

IV 

:(7:(, 460,474 

V 

:188.854.569 

VI 

:(99.568,;173 

VII 

401.278,817 

VIII 

:(92, 960.678 

I.\            .  .  .. 

:i87. 3-26.045 

X 

300,070,511 

I-'I'^iircs  two  In  jtniiiid.s  of  line  copper.  T*.  S. 
prndnctlon  Im-hidos  all  roppt'i-  rnlinpd  In  tills 
country.  Iiolh  from  domcslfc  and  imporlod 
mntorlnl.  Visible  stocks  arc  those  reported 
on  the  (irst  dny  of  e:ich  month,  as  !>roiicht 
over    frnrT>    the    preceding   month. 


794 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  15,  1910. 


'!, 


Butte  continues  the  feature  and  this 
specialty  seems  now  to  be  leading  the 
copper-share  market  up  as  well  as  it  did 
down.  Recent  reports  say  that  the  buy- 
ing is  of  the  best  kind  and  that  directors 
who  sold  out  some  time  ago  are  now  tak- 
ing back  their  original  holdings— and 
some  over.  East  Butte  has  also  shown 
strength.  Calumet  &  Arizona  is  taking 
advantage  of  curtailment  by  both  itself 
and  its  sister  property,  Superior  &  Pitts- 
burg, to  increase  the  size  of  its  smelter. 
Among  the  newer  issues,  Chino,  In- 
spiration and  Mason  Valley  have  been  the 
leaders  in  the  recent  movement,  all  mak- 
ing new  high  records.  Among  the  issues 
to  show  weakness  Cactus  was  the  only  one 
worthy  of  note.  It  broke  to  70,  on  a  dis- 
couraging report  by  the  consulting  engi- 
neer of  the  company. 


Assessments 


Company. 


Deliuy. 


Amorican,  Itia 

American  Commander.  Ida. 
Big  Cottonwood  <.:on. ,  IT  tali . 

Blackliawk  M.  &  D.,  Ida 

Black  Jack  Utah 

Cbarapion  Copper,  Ida 

Columbus  Ext.,  Utah 

Comet  G.  &  C,  Ida 

Ci  >n  tidenee,  Nev 

Copper  Queen  M.  &  M.,  Ida 

Crown  Point,  Nev 

Eagle  Miumtain  L't'd,  Ida., 

Hilarity  JI.  Co.,  Ida 

Overman,  Nev 

Reindeer  C.  &  G.,  Ida 

Saltese  Con.,  Ida 

Snow  Sboe,  Ida 

SonoraM.  k  M.,  Ida 

Temple,  Ida 

Uintali-Treas.  Hill,  Utah. . 

Union,  Nev 

yellow  Jacket,  Nev 


Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

I  Sept. 

'Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

iSept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

;Sept. 
[Sept. 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
12  Nov. 


Oct. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


Amt. 


$0,002 
0.005 
0.001 
0.005 
O.OI 
0.002 
0.01 
0.001 
0.20 
0.003 
0.10 
* 
0  003 
0.10 
0  005 
0.001 
0.01 

0.001* 


20 
26 
15 

i 
29 
27 

4 
15 
23 
31 
15 
22 1  0.002 


0.005 

0.10 

0.15 


*One-half    mill. 


Miiutlily  Avei-iise  Prices  of  :>le(«ls 

SlI.VKT! 


Montb. 

New  York. 

Loudon. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.     1910. 

Januarv 

51.7."io',V2  375 

23, 843  24.154 

February 

51.472  51. -):i4 

23, 7ui;  23,794 

April..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..  

.51.428  .53  221  23  708  24.483 

May 

52.905  53  870  24,343  24.797 

June 

.52  .538  .>3  4(;2  24   llU^  24.6,51 

July 

51.043  .54    1.50  23.519  25  034 

August 

.51   125  .52   912  23   588  24.428 

September 

.51.440,53.295  23,743  24. 5C7 

October 

50  923  

23.502 

November 

.50.703 

23.351 

December 

52.226  

24.030 

Total 

51.502 

23.706 

New    York,    cents    per    fine    ounce;    London. 
|ience    per    standard    ovince. 


Ni:w  York. 

Electrolytic 

Lake, 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

Man-li 

April 

May 

13.893 
12.949 
12,387 
12.. 561 
12.893 
13.214 
12,880 
13,IHI7 
12.870 
12.700 
13.125 
13.298 

13,620 
13.332 
13,2.55 
12  733 
12  .550 
12  404 
12  215 
12,490 
12.379 

14.280 
13,295 

12  826 
12,93,' 

13  238 
13   .548 
13  3r,3 
13  29i; 
13.210 
13.030 
13.364 
13.647 

13.870 
13.719 
13  586 
13  091 
12,. 885 
12  798 
12  570 
12,715 
12.668 

61.198 
.57 .  688 
50.231 
.57,363 
59,338 
59 , 627 
.58 .  556 
,59 ,  393 
69,021 
57.  e," 
68.917 
69.906 

()0.923 
59.388 
69.214 
.57,238 
.56,313 
55 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November. . . 
December. .. 

5.>  r3 
66; 207 

Tear 

12.982 

13.335 

68,732 

TIN 

A'L'    NEW    VOKK 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909.     1910. 

January . . . 
Febrnarv  . . 

Mai-oh 

April 

May 

June 

28,0611 
28  290 

28  727 
29.445 

29  225 
29,322 

32,700 
32  9211' 
32   4li3 
32,976 
33,125 
32.769 

July 

.\ujrust 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

Av.  Year.. 

29.125 

29  9li6 
30,293 
30 , 475 

30  859 
32,913 

32  695 
33.972 
34  9S2 

29.725J 

SAX   FRANCISfO. 


Oct.   10. 


Name  of  Comp.   I  Clg. 


Name  of  Comp.     Bid 


Trices  arc   In   cents  per  pound. 


LKAD 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February.. . . 

March 

April 

4.175 
4.015 
3,986 
4,168 
4.287 
4.350 
4.321 
4.363 
4  342 
4.341 
4.370 
4.560 

4 ,  7<»1 
4.613 
4,4.59 
4.376 
4.315 
4.343 
4.404 
4 ,  400 
4,400 

4.025 
3.808 
3.835 
4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4.227 
4.215 
4.215 
4.252 
4.459 

4.582 
4,445 
4.3117 
4.225 
4.164 
4.2117 
4,291 
4,2',lll 
4.289 

13.113 
13,313 
l:l  438 
13  297 
13  225 
13  11.11 
12   .Mi3 
12,475 
12 . 781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.125 

13  fi50 
13,328 
13  063 
12,  Ml 
12, 550 

12,688 

July 

.\ugust 

September  . . 

Ocl..ber 

November. . . 
December... 

12  531 
12. .513 
12.582 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New   York   and    St.    Louis,   cents  per  pound. 
London,  pounds  steilins  per  long  ton.       


^it:l 

n-K 

Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

19U9. 

1910. 

January 

February — 

March 

April .: 

May 

5.141 
4.889 
4.757 
4.965 
5.124 
5,402 
5 ,  402 
5.729 
5.796 
6.199 
0.381 
6.249 

6.101 
6.. 569 
5,637 
6,439 
6,191 
6,128 
6.152 
6.279 
6.614 

4.991 
4.739 
4.607 
4.815 
4,974 
5 , 2,'i2 
5,252 
5,579 
5,646 
6,043 
6.231 
6.099 

6,951 
6,419 

5,487 
6.289 
5,041 
4,97S 
5  no2 
5,129 
6.364 

21.425 
21,. 562 
21    438 

21  -.31 
21,97,-, 

22  0011 

21  9r.9 
22,125 

22  9116 

23  2110 
23,188 
23,094 

23,350 
23,188 
23,031 
22,469 
22 , ItHI 
22  094 

July        .  . 

22,406 

.\ugust 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

22,800 
23.166 

Year 

6.503 

6.352 

22.201 

New    Yolk   and    Si.    Louis,    cents   |ier   p,iiind. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 


ruK'KS  or  ric 

;    IRON   A'l 

PITTSBL 

l!i;. 

Bessemer. 

Basic, 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909, 

1910. 

January 

February — 

March 

April 

May 

$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
16.79 
15.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17,16 
18,44 
19,76 
19,90 
19,90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18  53 
18,28 
17.10 
16,52 
16,40 
16,09 
15.92 

$16.40 
16.09 
15.84 
15  05 
16.02 
15.84 
15,90 
16,17 
16,80 
17,84 
18,37 
18.15 

$17.96 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15,40 
14,89 
14.73 

$16.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15. 53 

July      

15,40 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

16,16 
14.93 

Year 

$17.16 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


New  York,  cents  per  pound,  neetrol_\tic  Is 
for  cakes.  Inpots  nr  wliebars.  London,  pounds 
aterlinc.   ?ier   Ions;   ton.   standard   copper. 


COLO.  SPRINGS   Oct.  lli| 

SALT  LAKE          Oct.  10 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Acacia 

.05; 

Bingham  Copper. 

t.l5 

Cripple  Cr'kCon.. 
C.  K.  &N 

IV* 

18 

.15 

Colorado  Mining. 

.32  J 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

.09'; 

i;oluinbU3  Con... 

.304 

Elkbni  Con 

751 

Dnlv  Judge 

14.26 

El   Paao 

.83', 

Grand  ('(Mitral. ... 

1.16 

Fannie  Rawlins.. 

J .  05 1, 

Iron  Blossom 

.77 

Finiilay 

.08' 

Little  Bell 

1.00 

Gold  Dollar 

.14 

Little  Chief 

t.22 

G(dd  Sovereign. .. 

.03? 

Lower  Mammoth. 

.06 

Isabella 

.19i 

Mason  Valley 

9.00 

.Tennle  Semplo  ... 

.10', 

MaJ.  Mines 

t .  53 

Lexington 

■  01 ! 

May  Day 

Moon  Anchor 

.03* 

Nevada  Hills 

2,30 

OUIG.dd 

.04; 

Now  York 

{,13 

Marv  McKlnnoy.. 

.52 

Prince  Con 

50 

Pharmacist 

.02( 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

2,021 

Portlaml 

1.10 
.95 

8I0UX  Con 

Uncle  Sam 

.25 

Vindicator 

,26 

Work 

.04 

Victoria 

tl.OVi 

COMSTOCK  STOCKS 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher.,.. 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Coniidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Mexican 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

.Sierra  Nevada 

Uni'Ui  Cim 

Yellow  Jacket 


t.io 
.54 
.30 
.28 
.18 
.10 
.(•0 
.88 
.63 
.10 


.42 
l.fl7i 
.36" 
t.40 
.19 
.24 
.33 
.54 


Misc.  net.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka 

So.  Eureka 


,23 

.21 

.05 

.5U 

.12 

J.  10 

.15( 

t.34- 

.28 

J.  06 

t.03 

.07 

t.l6 

1.03 

it  0(1 

tl ,  15 


N.  Y.  EXCH.          Oct.  10 

Name  of  Comp. 

Clg, 

Amalgamated 

66', 

,\m.  .\gri.  Chem.. 

46^4 

Am.Sm.4Bet.,com 

70 

Am.Sm.  iRet.,pt. 

102 

40)i 

BetblehemSteelpf 

&S% 

Col.  &  Hock.  C.  &  I. 

t« 

Federal  M.  &  S. . . 

J48 

Coldfleld  con 

T'A 

GreatNor.,orectf. 

tii;>j.i 

Homestake 

JShlj 

NafnalLead.com. 

66 

National  Lead,  pf. 

J103 

Nev.  Consol 

20',' 

Pittsburg  Coal 

!.,'» 

RepublicliS.com. 

J32', 

Republic  I  &S,p«. 

J92>i 

SlossSbeffl'd,com. 

t.2H 

Sloss  ShetBeld,  pf. 

1116 

Tennessee  Copper 

Vi,% 

Utah  Copper 

49?j 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

70% 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

n»h 

Va.  Car.  Chem 

60  Ji 

BOSTON  ESCH.    Oct.  lii 


j  Name  of  (jomp. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Oct.  10 


Name  of  Comp.   ,  clg. 


Ariz.-Canauea 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek. . . 
Braden  Copper. . . 

B.  C.  Copper 

BuEfalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition . . . , 

I'aletlonia ' 

Calumet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines.. 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Elv  Con 

EIRayo 

Florence 

Glroux 

Groone  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggeu.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 

Mnnt.  Shoshone.. 

Mont.-Tonopah... 

Nev.  Utah  M.  &  8. 

Nipisslng  Mines. . 

Ohio  Copp*^r 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M.. 

PriH-ious  Metals.. 

Kay  Central 

Rav  Con 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah  

Tonopah  Ex 

TrI-Bulllon 

Tulnrosa 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


4^8 
6 

4 

7 

tm 

193i 

i' 

,92' 

i'% 
19'i 

IJ. 

.29 
3>4 

ISO 

1,02 

5 
t.25 
'.92 

loH 

,'■!■ 
2 

T-% 
600 

8',; 

1.05 

1 

4 


Adventure 

.\lgomah 

AUouez 

Am,  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

iBonanza 

'Boston  feCorbin. 
iButte  .>t  Balak... 
Calumet  &  Ariz.. 
Calumet  &  Hecla 

ICentennial 

[Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range... 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Fl'anklin 

Granliy 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion... 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best. 
Superior  &  Pitts. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


I'lg 


9 

12^ 
45 
27 
5 
18 

t.^ 

U 

5>4 
69>i 
]:550 
21 
t6 
B7X 
t*X 

7X 
11« 
30 
24 

2,',' 
16« 

}3« 
36  >i 
Mh 
9% 
tih 
148,^ 
Wt 
31 » 
8X 
8J» 
}38 
130 
14'. 
78% 
W, 
61  >» 
8'. 
13 
J60 
6 
tS9?. 
J48), 
3X 
23 
2,S 
8,S, 
130 
1« 


I 


BOSTON  CURB    Oct.  10 


Name  of  Comp. 


LONDON 

Name  of  Com. 

Doioi-es 

Strattiui'slnd. 
(;anip  Bird.... 

Esperanza 

Tomboy 

El  Oio 

Oiovllle 

Mexico  Mines 


Oct.  11 


Clg. 


£110S 

Od 

0    3 

3 

111 

9 

2    8 

9 

0  17 

6 

1    7 

C 

0    7 

0 

7  17 

6 

Ahmeet 

Bingham  Mines. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve... 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw ... 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine  k  Ex. 
Nevada.Dougias. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Sbnttnck-Ariz... 

'Siuitli  Lake 

Superior  «;  Globe 

Tri^tbewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Last. 

{185 

1'4 

{.08,!, 
.70 
10  U 
.06>, 

m 

2\ 
3% 
9X 

.38 

.57 

.12 
2 
2 

.;» 
fil 

JIB 

m 


JLnst  quotation. 


in'in;n'FUFnninn'i'i^prinn'rri'in'rrM'ri'yi'pr>'ri'yt7:rrrnT>^t''r'i'innuTi'iuuu'iMuaxJigzigiaaa:j:i!m^ 


TJIE 


AND 


ENGINE  ERIN  G^B. 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^WEEKLY 


}y  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
'earl  Street,  New  York  '%.  John  A. 
iill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
etary  -%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Jnter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
ingminjour,  N.  \.  'V  Subscriptions 
>ayable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
lumbers,  including  postage  in  the 
Jnited  States,  Mtxico,  Cuba,  Porto 
lico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  ■%.  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ^  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  -%■  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


'OL.  go 


OCTOBER  22,  igio. 


NO.  17 


cntvLLA  rius  .s  ta  temes  t 

i'lritif/     IJiit!)     ifc    printed    and    circulated 

;4.",IHl'    cupici      of      THK       KSGINEEIIIMi       AND 
'iMNt;    .luritN.M.. 

Our    circnhition    fur   September,    lltlu,    icas 
J,500   eopicH. 

October  1 1  :i..")l)() 

October  8 0.."i(IO 

October  1.1 !),r,()() 

October  22 y,5l"l 

Vone  ttent  free  rettularljt,  no  bark  niimbern. 
tfjurrs  are  Jirr,  net  eirruhiiiun. 


The  Remarkable  Situation  in    the 
Zinc    Industry 


Contents 


lltoilals  ; 

A    Kemarkiible    Situation    in    the    Zinc 
Industry    

Thf  AmtTican   Iron  and   Steel   Institute 

.'anide  Developments  on   tlie  Hand 

•ptenil)er    OptM'ations    of    (inidlield    t'ou- 
-"lldated    

■rn-^pondenoe    and    Uiseussion  : 

S.-rlilny  Kniployment  ....  Reported 
i  "iser.veries  in  Ued  Miiuntaiu  Mines, 
Cniru-afio  ....  vVdaptinj;  .\iitoinol)ile 
l-:riKini's  to  \Va;;on  Frei^liiini:.  .  .  .t'o- 
Itall  Ore  .Assays  ....  liedded  tjoid 
Quartz    Veins 

.'talis  of    I'racliial    Xlinine : 

•.\  Simple  Korm  of  Lift .  .  .  .  Draft- 
inu'  Convi'nienees.  .  .  .  *Tiie  .Tanies  .\p. 
|>aratus  fui*  (Juleksilver  I)etermina- 
tion.  .  .  .(Jnard  liail  for  Winzes.... 
•TurninK  I»eviee  Xnr  'I'rannvay  'Pracl< 
('allies.  ...  Simi)le  I'roof  for  ^lul- 
tipilcatlon  and  Iilvislon.  ...'A  Handy 
Alipllanee  for  Leailiini.'  'i'ests...". 
Shovel    Ua('l<s   for    Warehouse 

■line   llaulace    l.ine    Malerial 

'rospeeilnj;      vvitli      Cluirn       Urills      at 
Miami.   Ariz //.   .1.    Fiild 

ind  Flllini;  on  the  Kand 

le  Amerieiin    Iron  iiiiil   Steel    Institute.. 

trtnt'lni:   in   a    (Juslier 

■piirl    of   Tonopaii    H.dmont 

ason   Valley    Mines  Companv 

innei  Kriviuu'  at   Iteeord  Speed 

\sRay  of  Arsenical    Nicl<el   Cohalt    Silver 
'Ire /)<  H/vo»    K.    Ilnllf  ns 

lomiivo    Mine    and    .Mill.    Wesiern    (hi 
niiahna If.    //.    .x-.(;m«H 

Brief  .M<'tbod  for  ("alculallni:  Interest. 
.htmrx  ./.    Smith 

raphlte     MlnhiK     In     the     Province     of 
rjui'hec      

^ffClomeratini;     Ore      Fines     and      Klue 
r>"st JJerhrrt   Ilaax 

Inlnc    Klhlcs   on    the    Itand. 

I'tnrfand     OaMcOf/nr 

le     I.ordshnrK     MinlnR     District.      New 

,      Mexico E.    n.    Frii 

I  .(".Tserlte  In   (Jermanv 

'itea   on    the    Archean    Itocks   of    Mexico 

'oal   Mlnin.'   In    Mexico \ndreir   lion 

est  VirKinIa   Oil   and  Cas  Notes 

ArranKement    of    rarlines    In      a      Coal 
I,     Mine II.    ,/,    Kelnm 

Miction    Device    for    Drawing    0(T    Coke- 
1      Oven    Fnmes Alfred    flriidenirltz 

ritidh   Polumlila    Mines   Hureau    Knforce 

Laws    

Imfnml>ed  Miners  Found   Alive ..'.'. 

I'M'sonnl.    Oliitnary    ami    Societies 

'Iltnrlal     Correspondence 

Inlni:   News 

nrVets    

'IIIUHlratcd. 


.sii.-! 


.Kdl 

sn."i 
Sdi; 
siiT 
8117 
808 
808 


SIMI 
sll 
S12 

Si:; 

811 

SIS 

fi-2l< 
SL'O 
82 1 
822 
82.'? 

824 

82." 

82<! 
820 
827 
828 
8  rill 
8:!0 


The  zinc  industry  has  worked  itself 
into  a  situation  that  is  unparalleled  in 
the  memory  of  20  years,  and  is  likely  to 
be  of  important  effect  upon  the  market 
for  the  metal.  Briefly  stated,  there  is  al- 
ready a  shortage  of  the  metal  in  Europe 
and  there  is  prospect  that  there  may  be 
also  a  shortage  in  America.  The  causes 
leading  to  these  conditions  are  different. 
It  is  useful  to  summarize  their  nature 
and  devote  some  consideration  to  the 
probable  results. 

In  the  United  States  a  chronic  condi- 
tion during  the  last  20  years  has  been  a 
surplus  of  smelting  capacity,  a  condition 
that  is  almost  inherent  to  all  branches 
of  metallurgical  industry.  We  have  wit- 
nessed one  radical  change  in  zinc 
smelting,  viz.,  the  virtual  abandonment 
of  the  old  Belgian  system  in  Kansas  and 
Misouri,  about  1900  -  1901,  when 
the  natural  gas  of  lola  and  other  places 
began  to  be  extensively  used  as  fuel,  but 
this  change  created  no  disturbance  in 
general  commercial  conditions.  In  fact, 
it  was  contributory  to  the  enlargement 
of  smelting  capacity,  the  natural-gas 
smelteries  being  built  with  much  larger 
furnace  units  and  larger  aggregate  ca- 
pacity than  fomierly,  while  those  of  the 
old  coal  smelteries  that  were  kept  in  good 
repair  could  be,  and  were,  put  into  tem- 
porary operation  when  market  conditions 
rendered  that  profitable. 

The  eventual  failure  ot  'tlf  supply  of 
natural  gas  in  Kansas  and'  the  probable 
transfer  of  the  zinc-smelting  industry  to 
Illinois   were    early   pointed   out   by   us. 


and  these  prospects  were  recognized  by 
many  engaged  in  zinc  smelting.  There 
has  been  a  noteworthy  construction  of 
new  works  in  Illinois,  but  by  no  means 
enough,  and  as  often  the  case  in  such 
matters,  the  impending  situation  comes 
as  more  or  less  of  a  surprise. 

The  supply  of  natural  gas  in  Kansas 
has  been  waning  for  several  years,  but 
has  been  eked  out  by  new  drilling,  and 
now  and  then  by  the  discovery  of  small 
outlying  pools.  It  appears,  however,  that 
the  supply  at  tola  will  probably  give 
out  this  winter,  while  at  some  other 
smelting  points  in  Kansas  the  situation  is 
critical,  and  continuance  of  gas  supply 
is  anticipated  for  only  two  or  three  years. 
It  is  considered  by  some  persons  in  the 
smelting  business  that  this  coming  fail- 
ure of  natural  gas  is  going  to  create  a 
distinct  shortage  in  smelting  capacity, 
with  the  result  that  the  smelters  will  be 
able  to  e.\act  practically  their  own  terms 
for  their  spelter  and  pay  for  ore  only 
what  will  suffice  to  maintain  the  produc- 
tion of  the  choice  grades  that  they  will 
especially  want.  We  think  that  the  ten- 
dency will  be  in  those  directions,  but  we 
tliink  also  that  ameliorating  factors  will 
prevent,  by  very  much,  the  markets  from 
going  to  the  extremes  that  some  antici- 
pate. 

The  total  production  of  virgin  spelter 
in  the  United  States  in  1909  was  266,- 
462  tons.  Of  this,  157,998  tons  were  pro- 
duced by  smelters  using  natural  gas  as 
fuel,  and  108,464  tons  by  smelters  using 
coal.  Smelters  making  sulphuric  acid  as 
a  byproduct  produced  103,087  tons  of 
spelter.  Some  of  these  used  natural  gas 
as  fuel,  and  some  coal,  the  latter  greatly 
predominating. 


796 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


The  total  number  of  retorts  at  all 
works  in  the  United  States  at  the  present 
time  is  about  95,430,  of  which  87,646  be- 
long to  the  works  making  prime  western 
spelter.  Of  these  46,772  are  at  natural- 
gas  works  in  Kansas,  and  11,104  at  Bar- 
tlesville.  It  is  to  be  anticipated  that  the 
larger  part  of  the  retorts  at  lola  (25,524) 
and  at  Chanute  (1280),  a  total  of  26,804 
will  be  abandoned  before  the  end  of  the 
coming  winter.  A  complete  abandonment 
would  reduce  the  number  of  active  re- 
torts at  these  works  from  87,646  to  60,- 
842.  The  probability  is  that  some  of  the 
lola  smelters  will  be  able  to  maintain  fit- 
ful operation  of  a  few  furnaces,  but  on 
the  other  hand,  it  will  be  difficult  to  main- 
tain the  full  quota  at  other  places,  and 
a  total  of  60,000  retorts  in  activity  is  not 
an    unreasonable    estimate. 

The  operation  of  60,000  retorts  should 
permit  the  treatment  of  500,000  tons  of 
blende  at  a  conservative  estimate,  and 
reckoning  the  high-grade  Joplin  ore  and 
the  lower  grade  of  western  ore  in  about 
the  same  ratio  as  used  in  1909,  should 
lead  to  the  production  of  about  210,000 
tons  of  spelter.  Adding  to  this  the  pro- 
duction of  those  works  that  make  other 
grades  than  prime  western,  we  should 
foresee  a  total  production  of  about  250,- 
000  tons.  The  consumption  of  spelter 
in  the  United  States  in  1909  was  about 
262,000  tons.  Thus,  there  is  indicated 
an  actual  shortage  if  consumption  should 
rise    to    the    former    rate. 

We  believe  that  this  prospect  is  to  a 
large  extent  the  explanation  of  the  recent 
rise  in  spelter.  The  halt  in  the  upward 
movement  is  to  be  explained  by  the  facts 
that  production  has  not  yet  decreased  so 
much  as  anticipated,  while  consumption 
is  still  laggimg.  Indeed,  for  the  moment 
stocks  in  smelters'  hands  are  believed  to 
be  accumulating,  if  anything,  but  the 
further  decrease  in  the  smelting  capacity 
and  increase  in  the  consumption  should 
start  the  price  upward  again. 

However,  although  we  believe  that  the 
tendency  will  be  in  those  directions,  we 
do  not  believe  that  there  will  be  anything 
spectacular.  Shortage  in  producing  ca- 
pacity always  brings  out  something  pre- 
viously considered  dead.  There  are  sev- 
eral old  coal  smelters  that  might  be  put  in 
operation  again.  Some  of  the  natural- 
gas  smelters  will  change  their  furnaces 
to  oil  burners,  even  if  oil  costs  the  equiv- 
alent of  Sfalc.  per  1000  cu.ft.  ofgas.  The 
Bartlesville   smelters  can   add   quickly  to 


their  capacity.  The  proportionate  use  of 
high-grade  ore  would  be  increased  so  as 
to  make  the  most  out  of  available  capac- 
ity. All  of  these  things,  and  others, 
would  happen  if  the  margin  between 
spelter  and  ore  should  become  large 
enough. 

But,  anyway,  the  spelter  market  is  in 
an  unusually  secure  position.  While  it 
may  go  up  materially,  on  the  other  hand 
it  can  hardly  go  down,  except,  perhaps, 
for  some  trifling  and  temporary  set-back, 
even  if  consumption  should  continue 
slow.  This  is  because  of  the  substratum 
of  strength  that  we  have  in  the  European 
situation. 

On  the  other  side  there  is  now  an  act- 
ual shortage  of  spelter,  resulting  from 
the  great  consumptive  demand  and  the 
restriction  of  production  under  the  terms 
of  the  convention.  There  is  some  fear 
that  the  market  may  pass  beyond  the 
control  of  the  convention  before  the  end 
of  the  year.  The  London  price  has  al- 
ready risen  to  the  neighborhood  of  5.20c. 
If  consumptive  conditions  should  become 
unfavorable  in  this  country,  we  might 
easily  meet  with  chances  to  export 
spelter.  Such  an  event  is  not  likely  to 
transpire,  but  it  is  something  worth  bear- 
ing in  mind. 

The  European  convention  will  probably 
be  renewed  upon  terms  providing  for  un- 
limited production  until  conditions  lead 
to  an  accumulation  of  stocks  beyond  a 
certain  figure,  after  which  an  agreed  re- 
striction will  come  into  effect.  The  pres- 
ent convention  has  been  as  successful 
as  its  promoters  ever  anticipated,  and  it 
is,  we  believe,  the  first  European  spelter 
convention  that  has  not  ended  in  dissen- 
sion and  disruption. 


The    American    Iron    and   Steel 
Institute 


The  meeting  of  the  new  American  Iron 
and  Steel  Institute,  a  report  of  which  is 
given  elsewhere,  is  of  interest  mainly 
from  the  clear  and  full  explanation  of  its 
purposes  given  in  the  presidential  ad- 
dress by  .ludge  Gary.  Its  British  name- 
sake is  purely  a  technical  body,  publish- 
ing each  year  a  number  of  papers  which 
arc  of  the  highest  interest  and  authority 
to  iron  and  steel  makers  everywhere.  In 
the  program  of  the  American  Institute, 
the  technical  side  is  mentioned,  but  only 


in  an  incidental  way;  and  of  the  four 
papers  presented,  only  one  could  be  con- 
sidered as  at  all  technical.  Indeed,  all 
the  papers  and  their  discussions  were  a 
subordinate  feature  of  the  meeting  and 
took   up   only   a   small   part   of   its  time. 

The  object  of  the  new  association,  ac- 
cording to  its  president,  is  chiefly  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  ethical  questions  relating 
to  the  iron  and  steel  trade.  By  this  he 
seems  to  I;ave  meant  partly  the  relations 
of  members  to  labor,  but  chiefly  the  busi- 
ness questions  which  may  arise,  and  most 
especially  those  relating  to  prices  and 
competition.  Judge  Gary  disclaims  any 
intention  of  fixing  prices  through  the 
medium  of  the  association;  but  he  lays 
stress  on  the  great  advantages  of  con- 
ference, of  exchange  of  knowledge  and 
opinions  on  business  conditions,  and  on 
the  benefits  of  avoiding  undue  competi- 
tion and  consequent  reductions  in 
quotations.         In  short,  he       seems 

to  point  to  the  association  chiefly  as  an 
agency  to  regulate  the  trade  and  keep 
manufacturers  in  line  for  united,  or  at 
least,  harmonious  action.  Reading  be- 
tween the  lines  it  is  evident  that  as  the 
technical  side  is  subordinate  to  the  eth- 
ical, so  the  ethical  in  turn  is  really  sub- 
ordinated to  the  opportunity  for  confer- 
ence and  agreement. 

The  presence  of  the  foreign  guests  o! 
prominence  and  the  special  attention  paic 
them  may  be  taken  to  indicate  that  tht 
institute  will  extend  its  opportunities  f-o' 
conference  to  the  international  trade  a; 
well  as  to  home  business.  As  to  thii 
point,  however,  nothing  is  deflnitel) 
stated. 


The  Associated  Portland  Cement  Man 
ufacturers — the  cement  trust  of  Ores : 
Britain — closed  its  fiscal  year  recentf 
with  no  balance  available  for  the  commoi 
stockholders;  in  fact  the  accounts  show 
small  deficit.  The  report  frankly  acknowl 
edges  that  the  present  position  of  th 
combination  is  due  chiefly  to  the  loss  o 
foreign  trade,  because,  "both  in  Americ 
and  on  the  Continent  the  manufacture  o 
Portland  cement  proceeded  apace  owin 
to  the  adoption  of  scientific  methods  o 
manufacture;  and  largely  by  the  disir 
clination  of  the  British  manufacturers  t 
discard  prevailing  methods  and  ador 
new  ones,  trade  was  lost  owing  to  the  sii 
perior  quality  of  the  foreign  trade."  Tli 
remedy  suggested  is  the  introduction  i 
modern     machinery    into    British    plant; 


October  22,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


797 


Cyanide  Developments  on  the 
Rand 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 

The  Butters  filter  plant  has  now  started 
orking  on  the  Crown  mines.     This  plant 
as    designed    to    treat    500    tons    in    24 
)urs,  the  design  being  based  on  experi- 
ice  elsewhere.     The  Rand  slimes  have, 
iwever,  proved  so  amenable  to  treatment 
at  the  capacity  is  proving  to  be  nearer 
)00  tons  than  500.     The  plant  is  treat- 
g  slimes  in   18  hours  that  would   need 
tensive   decantation   tanks  and   a   four- 
y     treatment.       The      solutions     going 
rough  the  extractor  box  are  diminished 
arly  50  per  cent,  in  volume  with  con- 
its  correspondingly  increased.    The  fin- 
led  cake  contains  30  per  cent,  of  moist- 
'e.     The  plant  consists  of  two  sections, 
ch  of  five  compartments  of   150  leaves 
th   a   filtering   area   of  81    sq.ft.     The 
ives  are  treated  periodically  in  a  weak 
;  lution   of  hydrochloric   acid   to   remove 
rbonate    of    lime.      Similar   plants    will 
I    erected   at  the   Robinson,   New    Mod- 
1  rfontein    and    Modderfontein    B    mines, 
;    that   it    appears   that    the    Rand    met- 
1  urgists    will     now     gradually     forsake 

I  time-honored      decantation      system 
'  h  its  costly  tanks  and  circulating  sys- 

I I  and  adopt  American  methods. 

J  RRiLL  Zinc  Dust  Precipitation  to  be 
I  Tried 

Another  American  system  that  has 
I  -n  successfully  tried  on  the  Village 
I  ep  and  which  will  be  installed  in  the 
I  V  plant  on  the  Brakpan  and  Modder- 
1  tein  B  mines  is  the  Merrill  zinc  dust 


G.  A.  Denny'  recently  has  something  to 
say  regarding  the  alleged  conservatism  of 
metallurgists  here  in  the  past  and  per- 
haps the  charge  was  not  altogether  un- 
founded. There  is  now,  however,  a  keen 
desire  to  test  every  new  process  under 
working  conditions. 

Underground  Innovations 

Underground,  hammer  drills  using 
solid  steel  and  equipped  with  air-feed 
sloping  bars  have  largely  replaced  pis- 
ton machines  in  raises,  but  no  attempt  has 
yet  been  made  to  work  overhead  slopes 
with  filling  by  these  means,  though  the 
Randfontein  mines  are  eminently  suit- 
able for  this  experiment,  the  reefs  lying 
at  a  steep  angle.  In  September,  1910,  a 
record  was  established  in  incline-shaft 
sinking.  The  main  incline  shaft  of  the 
Van  Ryn  Deep  was  sunk  279  ft.  in  one 
month  by  rock  drills,  the  previous  record 
was  that  of  261   ft.  on  the  Brakpan  mine. 


September  Operations  of  Goldfield 
Consolidated 


The  preliminary  operating  report  for 
September,  I9I0,  of  the  Goldfield  Consol- 
idated Mines  Company  shows  24,218  dry 
tons  mined,  with  a  gross  value  of  $843,- 
224.  This  is  an  increase  of  48  tons 
mined,  but  a  decrease  of  $46,744  in 
value,  as  the  ore  carried  only  1.69  oz. 
gold  per  ton  against   1.78  oz.  in  August. 

Milling  Operations 

The  figures  on  milling  were:  Dry  tons 
milled,  24,095;  average  value  per  ton, 
S31.42;  total  value,  S751,164;  loss  in  tail- 
ings, $52,258;  value  of  metals  recovered, 


SEPTEMBER  PRODUCTION.   GOLDFIELD   CONSOLIDATED. 

Wet  Tons. 

Dry  Tons. 

Oz.  per 
Ton. 

Value. 

i  nbination       

4,837 .  80 
8.373.75 
4,132.60 

7,887.32 
132  03 

4,620 
7,097 
3,946 

7, .532 
123 

1.33 

1.19 
1.69 

1    86 
36.21 

$127,000 
196,726 
137,833 

289,605 
92,060 

)  hawk 

1  1  Top 

(  rinont: 
lulling  Ore 

Iiing  Ore 

25,363.50 

24.218 

1.69 

$843,224 

r  cipitation  process.  Mr.  Nicolaus,  con- 
s  ting  engineer  of  the  French  Bobs  mine, 
Irberton,  was,  however,  the  first  to 
ect  and  work  with  Butters  filter  and  the 
i*  rrill  process  and  he  has  also  erected 
fiwn-Pachuca  tanks  for  treating  the 
8  lewhat  refractory  slimes  obtained  from 
t ;  ore. 

"he  management  of  the  Meyer  & 
Cirlton  mine  is  still  carrying  out  experi- 
nnts  with  the  object  of  dispensing 
«lh  the  amalgamation  blankets  now  be- 
i'  used.  As  I  have  before  stated, 
I  believe  that  a  cheap  and  effec- 
"•  system  of  concentration  for  the 
c  rser  particles  of  gold  in  the  pulp  is 
a  that  is  necessary  in  Rand  metallurgy 
a    could  be  easily  devised.     I  see  that 


$698,906;  percentage  extracted,  93.04  as 
compared  with  93.43  in  August,  94.03  in 
July,   and  95.47   in  June. 

The  profit  from  ore  of  S34.82  per  ton 
in  value  was  S25,79  per  ton,  and  the  total 
profit  was  S563,966,  or  66.88  per  cent,  of 
the  value;  as  compared  with  total  August 
profits  of  $623,415  and  a  percentage  of 
70.05. 

Developments 

Advance  work  at  the  various  shafts  is 
given  as  follows:  Combination,  654  ft.; 
Mohawk.  1466;  Red  Top,  145;  Laguna, 
357;  Clermont,  1134;  total,  3756. 

This  is  equal  to  one  foot  of  develop- 
ment for  every  six  tons  mined. 


New  ore  was  found  on  main  levels  as 
follows:  Mohawk  250- ft.  level,  100  tons, 
averaging  0.46  oz;  450-ft.  level,  200  tons, 
averaging  0.44  oz.;  Clermont  600- ft.  lev- 
el, 369  tons,  averaging  0.70  oz.;  900-ft. 
level,  70  tons,  averaging  0.46  oz.;  1000- 
ft.  level,  121  tons,  averaging  2.26  oz. ; 
total,  860  tons,  averaging  0.81   ounces. 

None  of  these  developments  are  worthy 
of  especial  attention  except  that  on  the 
1000-ft.  level  of  the  Clermont  shaft.  This 
ore  was  exceedingly  good  for  35 
ft.  along  the  drift,  and  gave  every 
indication     of     proving     to     be     an     im- 


.-^EPTEMBER    EXPENSES    AT    COLDFIELD 
CONSOLIDATED. 


.■\niount . 

PcrTon. 

( ii'iuTal  expense.-^; 

Hullion  tax  and    Marketing 
bullion           .  . 

S   17,000 
18,000 

Administration,  etc 

Total  general  expenses  . . 
MiniuK     

S  35,000 

85,000 

7, .500 

3,000 

62.500 

9,000 
25,000 

S  1  44 
3  51 

Murkiting  high-grade  ore  .  .  . 
Tiansportation. 

0.31 
0  12 

.Millmc: 

Milling  and  c.vaniding 

.Marketing  concentrate 

2.59 

Construction 

1    03 

Net  cost 

$227,000 
52,258 

S  9  37 

Loss  in  tailings 

2.16 

Total  costs  and  los.ses 

$279,258 

$11.53 

portant  orebody,  but  the  value  sudden- 
ly diminished  and  the  ore  dropped 
below  pay  grade.  The  locality  still  looks 
promising  for  ore  to  come  in  again.  Even 
with  present  developments  it  is  likely  that 
the  occurrence  is  an  important  one,  for 
experience  shows  that  such  a  showing 
of  ore  is  probably  in  an  important  ore 
channel,  and  there  may  be  much 
larger  bodies  either  above  or  below  the 
level. 

Construction 

Substantial  progress  was  made  during 
the  month  on  the  various  improvements 
that  have  been  under  way  for  some 
months.  The  fire-protection  scheme  is 
nearly  completed,  and  the  reservoir  on 
Columbia  mountain  is  full  of  water.  The 
mill  is  receiving  water  through  this  line, 
so  that  the  danger  of  water  shortage  in 
the  future  is  practically  eliminated.  The 
work  is  not  completely  finished,  owing  to 
the  slow  delivery  of  hydrants  and  fittings, 
but  a  measure  of  fire  protection  is  al- 
ready provided. 

The  Laguna  headframe  and  ore  bins 
are  erected.  The  storage  battery  is  in- 
stalled, but  not  connected.  All  steel  work 
is  practically  in  place  on  all  the  build- 
ings, including  the  new  refinery  and  heat- 
ing plant  at  the  mill. 


'ilex.  Hill.  .1(11(111.,  Aug,,  1910. 


Scheelite  is  now  being  mined  in  the 
Moose  River  district,  Halifaxcounty,  Nova 
Scotia,  by  A.  A.  Hayward.  It  is  claimed 
that  the  ore  can  be  concentrated  to  75 
per  cent,  calcium  tungstate.  the  chief 
impurity  being  arsenical  pyrites. 


798 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  22,   1910. 


Seeking  Employment 


The  most  serious  disadvantage  of  gold, 
silver  and  copper  mining  and  metallurgy 
as  a  field  for  employment  is  the  compara- 
tive shortness  of  the  engagements.  The 
average  period  is  probably  under  two 
years.  Common  causes  of  this  are 
failure  of  the  mine,  personal  dis- 
agreements and  change  of  manage- 
ment, none  of  which  reflect  on  the  em- 
ployee more  than  on  the  employer.  The 
savings  of  two  years  can  be  spent  easily 
in  seeking  the  next  position.  The  fact 
that  after  a  delay  of  greater  or  less  length 
another  position  is  obtained  not  only 
proves  that  there  are  enough  positions  to 
"go  around,"  but  it  shows  that  the  meth- 
od of  getting  employer  and  employee  to- 
gether is  nothing  short  of  barbarous.  The 
anxiety  and  the  loss  of  time  and  money 
is  as  foolishly  wasteful  for  the  one  as  for 
the  other.  The  trouble  and  even  the  suf- 
fering accompanying  these  intervals  of 
lack  of  employment,  particularly  where 
■wife  and  children  are  involved,  are  inex- 
cusable in  an  engineering  profession. 
Where  each  man  must  make  his  search 
unaided  it  is  as  though  there  were  no  cen- 
tral exchange  for  telephones,  so  that  to 
reach  a  desired  person  it  were  necessary 
to  find  the  other  end  of  his  line. 

Filing   Syste.m    Indicates   No   Lack   of 
Openings 

The  last  two  years,  during  which  I 
have  been  with  my  present  employers 
and  the  several  years  preceding,  during 
which  I  represented  the  Butters  and  the 
Moore  companies,  traveling  through  the 
Western  States  and  through  Mexico,  have 
given  me  an  extended  acquaintance 
among  mining  companies  and  plant  oper- 
ators. One  result  of  this  acquaintance 
has  been  an  increasing  correspondence 
having  to  do  with  connecting  up  em- 
ployees and  employers.  During  the  last 
year  this  correspondence  has  reached  a 
volume  which  has  forced  the  adoption  of 
a  definite  system.  Before  the  system 
was  evolved  it  sometimes  happened  that 
a  particularly  suitable  man  or  position 
was  remembered  too  late.  And  the  num- 
ber of  applicants  greatly  exceeded  the 
number  of  known  openings.  Until  re- 
cently, therefore,  my  impression  has  been 
thatthenumberof  men  out  of  employment 
actually  exceeds  the  number  of  positions 
vacant,  though  of  course  the  converse  is 
true.  The  difflculty  has  been  the  dis- 
covery of  the  requirements  of  the  mining 
companies.     The    system    developed   has 


proved  so  valuable  thus  far,  that  I  am 
presenting  it  in  the  hope  that  an  increase 
in  the  number  of  correspondents  will  add 
proportionately  to  the  value  of  the  file. 

The  Value  of  Reciprocity 

One  letter  received  some  time  ago  from 
an  engineer  has  served  as  a  key  to  the 
problem  and  has  been  the  means  of  add- 
ing ten-fold  to  the  number  of  vacancies. 
In  writing  for  information,  he  mentioned 
and  described  two  positions  in  his  camp 
which  were  vacant.  It  readily  will  be 
seen  what  the  result  will  be  if  each  cor- 
respondent can  and  will  do  the  same. 
The  reciprocity  idea  is  what  has 
made  the  scheme  a  success. 

Even  though  at  the  time  he  writes  a 
men  may  know  of  no  vacancy  or  probable 
opening  which  would  interest  another,  it 
is  usually  only  a  short  time  until  he  does. 
The  way  it  works  out  is  that  a  superin- 
tendent knows  of  a  required  hoisting  en- 
gineer, electrician  or  cyanide  shift  man, 
while  he  himself  is  seeking  a  change. 
Or  the  constructing  engineer  who  is  after 
another  contract  knows  that  a  superin- 
tendent and  crew  are  required  for  a  mill 
or  smeltery  which  he  has  about  com- 
pleted. A  mining  stockholder  recently 
asked  that  an  examining  engineer  be  rec- 
ommended to  report  on  a  plant  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  the  engineer  who  went  was 
able  to  help  two  others  to  positions  with 
no  effort  on  his  part  beyond  a  few  well 
directed  inquiries. 

The  most  important  technical  question 
of  keeping  continuously  busy,  of  making 
changes  and  of  advancing  one's  position, 
heretofore  has  depended  on  personal  ac- 
quaintance, advertisements  and  luck, 
\v'hereas  I  have  found  that  it  can  be 
solved  with  a  minimum  loss  of  time,  with 
no  expense  and  with  mutual  advantage 
to  all  concerned  if  it  is  treated  coopera- 
tively. I  am  glad  to  offer  my  letter  file  as 
a  "central"  for  connecting  applicants  to 
positions  for  no  consideration  other  than 
assistance  in  placing  the  other  fellow. 
Mark  R.  Lamb. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Sept.   10,    IPIO. 


Reported  Discoveries  in  Red 
Mountain  Mines,  Colorado 

In  the  .TouRNAL  of  Sept.  3.  1010,  a  par- 
agraph attached  at  the  bottom  of  the 
Denver  corresDondence  on  page  473,  is 
incorrect  and  misleading  in  its  state- 
ments regarding  the  reported  strikes  in 
the    Red    Mountain    section    of   the    San 


Juan.  The  alleged  width  and  value  o 
the  ore  have  not  yet  been  proved  by  ship 
ments  to  be  true,  and  are  based  on  un 
reliable  selected-sample  assays.  Whe 
the  returns  came  from  the  20  tons  ship 
ped  to  Durango,  it  would  have  been  tim 
enough  to  make  positive  statements  as  t 
the  value  of  the  ore. 

I  opened  the  Guston  mine  myself,  an 
was  on  the  spot  when  the  Yankee  Gi 
w-as  discovered.  There  was  no  "reddis 
zinc  ore"  on  the  outcrop  of  either  ( 
these  mines  or  at  depth.  The  ores  dow 
to  75  ft.  were  bright  galena  and  chalcop) 
rite  in  the  Yankee  Girl,  and  galena  an 
gray  copper  in  the  Guston.  The  fo 
mation  is  andesite  breccia,  and  the  oi 
in  elliptical  pipes  or  chimneys  in  tt 
same,  formed,  it  is  supposed,  by  miner 
solutions  along  horizontal  bedding  plane 
and  derived  from  the  andesite,  the  chir 
neys  always  being  near  a  dike,  the  o 
often  merged  into  the  andesite.  On  tl 
contrary,  the  ore  deposits  of  Ceme 
creek  occur  in  lodes,  and  the  attempt 
make  out  that  the  vertical  chimne\s 
andesite  extend  in  a  "continuous  zoni 
over  Red  mountain  and  down  along  t 
Cement  Creek  side  is  rot. 

W.  Weston. 

Denver,  Colo.,  Sept.  9,  1910.. 


Adapting    Automobile    Engines 
Wagon  Freighting 


Several  attempts  have  been  made  la 
ly  to  adapt  the  light  and  powerful  ga; 
lene  motors  to  the  problem  of  heavy  ha 
age  over  wagon  roads.  To  develop  th 
full  power,  gasolene  engines  of  the  ty 
used  in  automobiles  must,  of  course,  r 
at  high  speed,  and  to  apply  this  pov 
to  road  haulage  the  motor  must  not  oi 
be  geared  down,  but  some  means  must 
provided  for  getting  a  secure  grip  on  i 
road  surface  so  that  the  power  develop 
is  converted   into  drawbar  pull. 

Of  course,  this  may  be  secured  as 
the  steam  traction  engine  by  gearing 
prime  mover  into  heavy  road  wheels,  I 
by  doing  this  the  main  advantage  ol 
light  motor  is  lost.  Even  if  the  mo 
truck  were  used  as  a  freight  carrier  fh 
would  have  to  be  a  lot  of  surplus  mt 
in  the  road  wheels  and  frames  to  maki  i 
effective  in  pulling  a  wagon  train. 

Various  Methods  Tried. 

One  method  that  has  been  tried  ;' 
claimed  to  operate  successfully  in  ha  ■ 
ing    ore    is   to   mount    a    gasolene    mo' 


October  22,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


799 


in  the  lead  wagon  connected  to  an  electric 
generator,  which  furnishes  current  to 
small  motors  geared  to  the  rear  wheels 
of  each  wagon  in   the  train. 

Another  method  that  was  tried  in  Cali- 
fornia a  couple  of  years  ago  was  to  lav 
a  wire  cable  along  the  road,  anchored  at 
suitable  intervals.  The  traction  device 
was  an  automobile  engine  geared  to  a 
couple  of  sprockets.  The  sprocket  chains 
carried  grip  blocks;  the  dormant  cable 
\v,ns  picked  up  by  a  small  sheave  so  as  to 
he  between  the  two  chains,  when  these 
were  pressed  against  the  cable  the  engine 
pulled  itself  and  the  trail  wagons  along 
the  cable.  This  arrangement  had  the 
idvantage  that  practically  no  dead  weight 
was  carried  and  the  full  power  of  the  en- 
gine was  effective  in  pulling  the  wagons. 
The  disadvantage  of  the  method  lies  in 
the  high  cost  of  installation,  as  it  re- 
quires a  1'4-in.  cable  the  full  length  of 
!the  road,  and  if  the  road  were  a  public 
highway  the  highway  commissioner 
night  object  to  laying  a  cable. 

Proposed    Modification    of    Cable 
Methods 

It  has  occurred  to  me  lately  that  this 
Dlan  of  pulling  a  string  of  ore  wagons 
;an  be  applied  in  another  way  without 
»oing  to  the  expense  of  laying  a  dormant 
;able;  in  the  following  manner:  Use 
tactically  the  same  wagon  equipment  as 
'or  a  20-animal  team,  perhaps  adding  an 
idditional  trailer  and  using  slightly 
leavier  wagons  so  about  30  tons  of  ore 
:an  be  carried.  Mount  a  40-h.p.  gasolene 
;ngine  in  the  lead  wagon.  Gear  the  en- 
gine shaft  direct  to  a  drum  shaft  with  a 
vorm.  Mount  two  loose  drums  on  this 
,haft  to  be  driven  by  frictions.  The  gear 
•atio  shoud  be  such  that  the  drums  will 
vind  about  200  ft.  of  rope  per  minute.  All 
he  preparation  the  road  needs  is  to  an- 
.•hor  short  chains  in  the  road  at  intervals 
)f  400  ft.,  and  at  lesser  intervals  on 
;urves  and  heavy  grades  to  act  as  snubs 
'or  the  hauling  line.  Use  about  1200  ft. 
if  \s-in.  wire  rope  for  the  pulling  line, 
m  end  being  fastened  to  each  drum,  two 
;rab  hooks  to  be  fastened  to  the  line, 
.'ach  about  400  ft.  from  the  respective 
;nds  of  the  rope.  A  snatch  block  to  be 
drawn  by  a  team  of  horses. 

Method   of   Operation 

The  meti''od  of  operation  would  be  to 
took  the  grab  hook  into  the  anchor,  throw 
the  clutch  into  the  drum  and  release  the 
other  drum.  This  would  pull  the  train 
to  the  anchor,  the  team  hitched  to  the 
|Snatch  block  would  walk  along  at  the 
same  speed  as  the  train  advanced,  un- 
winding the  rope  from  the  loose  drum, 
iand  when  the  wagons  were  up  to  the  first 
anchor,  the  teamster  would  hook  the  other 
grab  into  the  anchor  ahead,  at  the  sairie 
|time.the  engineer  would  change  his  fric- 
.tions  and  the  process  would  be  repeated. 
In  normal  operation  the  team  would  be 
|walkinp  steadily  ahead   with   possibly   a 


momentary  stop  at  each  anchor,  the 
wagon  train  would,  of  course,  slacken 
speed  a  little,  but  not  necessarily  stop 
at  each  shift  of  drums. 

Crossing  Mudholes 

As  short,  stiff  grades  are  encountered 
on  most  roads  as  well  as  mudholes  and 
soft  spots,  some  means  must  be  provided 
for  giving  the  engine  a  powerful  purchase 
to  avoid  getting  stuck.  It  would  compli- 
cate the  engine  too  much  to  have  two  or 
three  sets  of  speed  gears,  and  in  this  case 
it  is  unnecessary,  as  the  drums  can  be 
quickly  rigged  to  act  as  a  differential 
block  when  a  stiff  pull  is  required.  This 
is  accomplished  by  unwinding  one  drum 
and  allowing  the  rope  to  wrap  in  the  op- 
posite direction,  the  other  drum  having 
three  or  four  wraps  deep  will  be  of  larg- 
er diameter.  If  a  chain  is  strung  out 
from  the  anchorage  and  fastened  to  the 
snatch  block  and  the  drums  both  thrown 
in  clutch,  we  have  a  powerful  differential 
pull.  By  alternately  pulling  with  the  en- 
gine and  pulling  the  snatch  block  ahead 
with  the  team,  the  load  can  be  hauled  be- 
yond the  heavy  stretch  of  road. 

Advantageous  on  Long,  Heavy  Grades 

This  method  of  haulage  should  operate 
to  marked  advantage  on  long,  heavy 
grades,  in  fact  there  would  be  no  neces- 
sity of  grading  roads  with  long,  winding 
detours  to  cross  ridges.  When  teams  or 
traction  engines  are  used  for  heavy  haul- 
ing the  grades  on  the  wagon  roads 
must,  where  possible,  be  kept  down  to 
less  than  10  per  cent.,  which  calls  for 
much  expensive  side-hill  cutting  to  get 
a  fairly  good  road  through  a  rough  coun- 
try. With  the  system  above  outlined,  a 
road  could  be  run  up  the  slope  of  a 
fairly  steep  hill,  the  limiting  grade  being 
that  up  which  a  team  could  no  longer 
drag  the  pulling  rope,  i.e.,  about  38  per 
cent.  A  good  example  of  the  advantage 
of  engine  power  over  horse  power  may 
be  witnessed  in  the  logging  operations 
on  the  forest  reserves.  Here  the  only 
timber  that  may  be  cut  are  the  matured 
trees  near  the  summits  of  the  ridges,  the 
forest  growth  in  the  cations  and  valleys 
being  left  to  conserve  the  snow  fall  for 
irrigating  the  river  valleys  lower  down. 
The  portable  sawmills  are  located  on  the 
ridges  and  many  of  the  logs  are  pulled 
uphill,  on  the  KS-  to  25-deg.  slopes  of  the 
ridges,  on  which  an  eight-horse  team  can 
hardly  drag  a  single  log.  On  the  opera- 
tions where  donkey  engines  andcablesare 
used  for  yarding  the  logs,  a  10-h.p.  en- 
gine will  easily  drag  three  or  four  logs  up 
a  steep   hillside. 

Net  Tractive  Effort  of  Freighting 
Teams 

In  computing  the  tractive  forces  that 
may  be  expected  from  a  gasolene  engine 
winding  a  tow  line,  a  third  must  be  de- 
ducted for  friction  loss  if  worm  gearing 
is  I'S'-H.     Automobile  engines  should  not 


be  expected  to  run  continuously  at  more 
than  one-half  their  rated  capacity,  so  that 
an  engine  rated  40  h.p.  will  show  14  h.p. 
of  net  tractive  effort.  This  is  just  about 
the  tractive  effort  that  can  be  sustained 
by  an  18-  to  20-aninial  freight  team. 

Anyone  watching  a  well-trained  freight 
team  lugging  a  string  of  loaded  ore 
wagons  would  think  that  they  exerted 
much  more  than  33,000  foot-pounds  per 
animal  per  minute.  Three  years  ago  I 
had  a  good  opportunity  to  note  the  hauling 
power  of  the  freight  teams  on  the  borax 
road  from  the  mines  in  Ventura  county 
to  Lancaster,  Cal.  One  team  in  particu- 
lar of  16  horses  made  an  exceptionally 
large  tonnage  that  summer.  Their  aver- 
age gross  load  being  44,000  lb.  outbound, 
the  heavy  end  of  the  road  was  the  first 
18  miles  out  from  the  mines,  the  average 
adverse  grade  was  1.8  per  cent.,  the  ore 
wagons  had  a  road  resistance  of  about 
2.4  per  cent.,  that  is,  they  would  run  free 
on  downgrades  of  from  2.2  to  2.5  per 
cent.  At  this  rate  the  average  drawbar 
pull  was  115  lb.  per  animal  and  as  this 
team  walked  260  ft.  per  min.,  each  ani- 
mal developed  27,200  foot-pounds  pet 
minute  of  net  tractive  effort. 

George  C.  McFarlane. 

Denver,  Colo.,  Sept.  29,  1910. 


Cobalt  Ore  Assays 


I  notice  an  item  was  sent  you  for  pub- 
lication in  the  Journal,  Sept.  17,  about 
the  Nova  Scotia  mine,  in  the  Cobalt  dis- 
trict, reporting  a  discovery  assaying  10,- 
000  oz.   silver. 

The  publication  of  such  assays  as  these 
is  misleading.  The  highest-grade  ore 
from  the  Cobalt  camp  comes  from  the 
Crown  Reserve,  and  its  highest-grade 
hand-picked  material  assays  about  5500 
ounces.  Ten  thousand-ounce  assays  might 
doubtless  be  obtained  from  picked  speci- 
mens, but  I  think  you  would  find  the  av- 
erage to  be  one-fourth  of  this. 

Sapiens. 

Cobalt,  Ont.,  Oct.   13,  1910. 


Bedded   Gold   Quartz    Veins 


In  the  .louRNAL  of  Sept.  24,  1910,  the 
article  on  "Bedded  Gold  Quartz  Veins 
near  Poto,  Peru,"  contained,  under  the. 
subheading,  "Gold-bearing  Bedded 
Veins,"  "the  gold-bearing  bedded  veins, 
locally  called  manioa,  vary,"  and  there 
the  sentence  ends. 

It  should  read  "the  gold-bearing  bed- 
ded veins,  locally  called  mantos.  vary 
from  'j  to  4  in.  in  average  thickness. 
The  omission  is  regrettable,  as  the  vein 
thicknesses  are  not  elsewhere  given  and 
their  size  is  of  great  interest  from  a 
commercial    standpoint. 

E.  Coppee  Thurston. 

Ancon.  Canal  Zone,  Oct.  3,  1910. 


800 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  22,   1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as" 
Large  Mines.      Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


^SD: 


A    Simple  Form  of  Lift 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  coal 
lift  used  at  some  of  the  steam 
plants  on  the  Mesabi  range.  The 
coal  is  dumped  on  the  ground  out- 
side the  boiler  house.  It  is  then 
loaded  by  hand  into  one-ton  cars 
and  trammed  to  this  lift  and  elevated  to 
the  bunkers.  In  most  of  the  newer  plants, 
where  it  is  possible,  the  coal  is  dis- 
charged direct  from  the  railroad  cars  to 
the  bunkers,  thus  saving  the  extra  hand- 
ling with  the  lift. 

The  device  is  operated  by  a  steam  cyl- 
inder about  10  ft.  long  by  12  or  14  in.  in 
diameter,  ^t  the  end  of  the  piston  rod  is 
a  double-grooved  sheave  over  which 
two  .'4-in.  cables  operate.  One  end  of 
these  cables  is  fastened  at  A.  so  that  in 
this  way  when  the  piston  moves 
10  ft.  it  will  lift  the  car  20  ft.  The  car 
platform  works  between  guides  and  is 
balanced  by  a  counterweight  B.  Steam  is 
turned  on  at  C,  the  exhaust  D  being  open, 


Drafting  Conveniences 


A  board  upon  which  to  cut  paper,  trac- 
ings or  blueprints  may  be  easily  made 
bv  taking  one  lx6-in.  soft-pine  board  4 
ft.  long,  and  fastening  on  one  side,  pieces 
of  tongued  and  grooved  lx3-in.  flooring. 
The  pieces  of  flooring  are  cut  6  in.  long 
and  are  placed  across  the  grain  of  the 
4-ft.  board.  The  flooring  pieces  are  fas- 
tened by  screws  through  the  lx6-in. 
board,  leaving  the  surface  free  from 
nails  or  screws.  With  this  arrangement 
the  knife  when  cutting  the  paper  will 
cut  across  the  grain  of  the  flooring  boards, 
and  will  not  have  a  tendency  to  run  off 
line  as  is  the  case  when  cutting  length- 
wise the  grain  of  the  board  or  table. 
Again,  when  one  has  a  good  table,  it  is 
not  advisable  to  cut  on  the  table  as  the 
surface  soon  becomes  badly  scratched 
and  cut. 

This  board  may  also  be  used  as  a  paper 
weight  when  handling  large  maps.  An- 
other good  paper  weight  is  a  small  canvas 


dimensions  of  crucible  are  4.75  cm.  in 
depth  and  diameter  at  top.  The  jacket 
A  is  connected  to  tubes  entering  the  wa- 
ter reservoir  H  by  two  rubber  tubes. 
This  tubing  should  be  stiff  enough  to 
furnish  a  firm  pressure  on  the  lid  of  the 
crucible  B  and  there  should  be  sufficient 
free  rubber  to  permit  of  play,  so  that  the 
lid  may  be  removed,  without  disturbing 
the  rest  of  the  apparatus;  3  cm.  between 
connections  is  ample. 

An  iron  plate  £  is  made  to  fit  the 
crucible,  with  an  opening  large  enough  to 
permit  three-fourths  of  the  crucible  to  ex- 
tend below.  The  plate  rests  on  a  '4-\n. 
asbestos  board,  also  fitted  to  the  crucible. 
The  object  of  the  iron  plate  is  to  prevent 


/ 


Pulley 


2  Groove  Pulley 


3  Groove  Pulley 


m 


---10-— 


steam  Cylinder 


B 


C-^', 


Steam 


T}i»  Enijinearing  ^  ilininrj  JuMr^ia'. 


Sketch  Showing  Piston  Arrangement  for  Coal  Lift 


forcing  the  piston  along  and  lifting  the 
car  of  coal.  To  lower  the  car,  shut  oif 
the  steam  and  open  the  exhaust  valve  E 
and  the  weight  of  the  car  will  operate  the 
device  by  gravity. 

The  area  of  the  piston  must  be  such 
that  the  product  of  the  area,  steam  pres- 
sure and  distance  shall  be  in  excess  of 
the  load,  multiplied  by  its  distance.  If 
these  are  equal  it  gives  a  balanced  sys- 
tem and  no  movement  takes  place.  The 
amount  of  steam  consumed  is  small,  sim- 
ply enough  to  fill  the  cylinder.  The  steam 
and  exhaust  valves  may  be  at  any  con- 
venient place,  not  necessarily  as  shown 
in    the   diagram. 


bag   about   3x4    in.,    loaded    with    one    or 
two    pounds   of   shot. 


The  James   Apparatus    for  Quick- 
silver Determination 


The  annual  statement  of  the  Alaska- 
Treadwell  Gold  Mining  Company,  for  the 
year  ended  May  31,  1910,  shows  that 
1,003,699  ft.  were  drilled  in  the  mine 
and  918,904  tons  of  ore  broken  during  the 
year.  Therefore  on  an  average  one  ton 
was  broken  for  every  1.09  ft.  drilled. 


By  George  A.  James* 

The  apparatus  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying sketch  has  been  thoroughly  tried 
for  a  period  of  three  years  in  the  assay 
for  quicksilver,  in  the  laboratories  of  the 
George  A.  James  Company,  and  has 
proved  more  satisfactory  than  any  other 
I  have  used. 

Referring  to  the  accompanying  sketch, 
/I  is  a  water-tight  jacket  made  of  copper 
or  silver  foil  of  No.  24  wire-gage  thick- 
ness. It  nests  in  a  silver  lid  /}  which 
covers  the  nickel  crucible  C  and  extends 
down  over  the  edges  of  the  same.     The 


*A.ssnypr.    2S-:!2    Uclili-n    iilaci'.    S;iii     l''rnii 
Cisco.    (';ll. 


The  Lntjineorintj  J  J/ininy  Jjwi-nai 

Apparatus  for  Quicksilver  Determina- 
tion 

the  enlarging  of  the  hole  in  the  asbestos 
by  use;  it  may  be  omitted  where  the  ap- 
paratus is  not  used  much.  H  is  an  in- 
verted Vi-gal.  acid  bottle,  with  the  bot- 
tom removed.  Care  should  be  taken  to 
fit  the  cork  tightly,  and  it  should  be  bound 
tc  prevent  it  being  forced  out  by  the  pres- 
sure of  water,  or  the  handling  of  the  ap- 
paratus. 

Circulation  of  Cooling' Water 
Assured  • 

The  tube  G  enters  the  reservoir  H 
through  the  cork,  as  is  shown,  and  ex- 
tends to  within  5  cm.  of  the  top.  The  tube 
I-  merely  extends  through  the  cork.  As 
will  he  seen,  this  furnishes  a  circulation 


October  22,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


801 


f  water  through  the  jacket  A,  the  hot 
■ater  rising  to  the  top  of  reservoir 
Trough  G  and  the  cold  water  returning 
irough  F.  This  circulation  of  water  cools 
le  silver  dish  exposed  to  the  mercury 
imcs  which  are  condensed  on  its  sur- 
icc  and  weighed. 

w.\ter  between  crucible  cover  and 
Water  Jacket  Acts  as  Indicator 

From  one-half  to  two  grams  of  ore  are 

ixcd  with  an  equal  bulk  of  precipitated 

lalk  and   four  times  its   weight  of  iron 

lings,  which  will  pass  a  50-mesh  sieve, 

id  from  which  particles  under  80-mesh 

,\c  been  removed.     These  filings  should 

carefully    cleansed    of   all    grease    by 

ashing    with    alcohol    or   carbon     bisul- 

lide.   This  charge  is  placed  in  the  nickel 

ucible,  and  the  apparatus  put  together, 

e  weight  of  the   silver  foil   B  first  be- 

g  determined.     A  drop  of  water  is  put 

^  to  the  depression  of  the  foil  top  to  the 

■  ucible  to  insure  an  intimate  association 

ith  the  water  jacket,  and  to  indicate  at 

e  end  of  the  process  if  too  high  a  tem- 

rature  has  been  used.     If  this  water  is 

it  found,  in  part,  after  the  distillation, 

is  not  safe  to  pass  the  assay. 

Addition  of  Calcium  Carbonate  to 
Charge  Advantageous 

The  part  of  the  nickel  crucible  extend- 
?  below  the  plate  is  kept  at  a  red  heat 
r  15  min.  The  crucible  is  then  al- 
xed  to  cool  and  the  foil  removed  and 
:ighed.  Increase  of  weight  represents 
.'tallic  mercury.  It  should  be  observed 
the  foil  shows  any  indication  of  mer- 
rj'  outside  the  part  covering  the  inside 
the  crucible.  This  would  indicate  a 
)se  cover,  or  too  high  a  heat.  The  ad- 
ion  of  calcium  carbonate  prevents  the 
)  rapid  heating  of  the  mass,  and  the 
rbonic  acid  liberated  tends  to  loosen 
:  mass,  and  permits  the  fumes  to  distil 
sily.  The  apparatus  is  to  be  recom- 
.•nded  for  accurate  work  and  duplicate 
says  made  using  it  should  agree  per- 
:tly. 


Guard    Rail    for  Winzes 

A  suspended  guard  rail  for  winzes  is 
ed  at  the  Buffalo  &  Susquehanna  mine 

Hibbing,  Minn.  The  winze,  which  is 
ed  as  an  ore  chute,  is  usually  at  one 
le  of  the  track,  and  it  is  necessary  to 
rn  the  car  through  90  deg.  in  order  to 
mp  it.  There  is  no  opening  between 
-•  track  rails.  On  account  of  using 
de  timber  cars,  posts  cannot  be  set 
)se  to  the  track  to  which  guard  rails 
Uy  be  attached.  The  guard  rail  is  there- 
re  suspended  from  the  two  caps  nearest 
15  winze,  and  braced  to  the  posts  of 
|;se  two  sets.     The  guard  is  about  4'/. 

from  the  ground,  and  just  far  enough 
")m  the  track  so  that  it  is  not  in  the 
'ly  of  the  trammer.  At  the  same  time  it 
near  enough  so  that  a  man  would  strike 
-    guard    rail    before    falling    into     the 


winze.  In  the  event  of  slipping  there  is  a 
chance  for  a  man  to  catch  hold  of  the 
rail  and  thus  save  himself  from  a  serious 
accident. 


Turning  Device  for  Tramway 
Track  Cables 

Among  the  general  directions  given  by 
the  companies  that  erect  tramways  is  the 
one  to  turn  the  cable  frequently  so  as  to 
equalize  the  wear  on  the  track  cable,  but 
that  has  proved  to  be  a  direction  easier  to 
give  than  execute.  For  instance,  at  the 
United  States  tramway  at  Bingham,  the 
tramway  men  tried,  without  success  for 
over  a  year  to  turn  the  cable.  The  direc- 
tions usually  given  by  manufacturers  are 
for  twisting  the  cable  by  means  of  stil- 
son  wrenches. 

Sections  of  the  cable  can  easily  be 
turned,  but  it  is  a  far  different  matter 
to  make  the  cable  stay  in  the  new  posi- 
tion,  for   if  not   held  it   gradually   works 


Ruttle  Turning  Strap  for  Tramway 
Cables 

back  to  the  old  position.  This  inability 
to  turn  the  cable  regularly  greatly  short- 
ens the  life,  for  the  wear  is  not  evenly 
distributed  about  the  circumference.  To 
obviate  this  difticulty,  Joseph  Ruttle,  fore- 
man of  the  Highland  Boy  tramway,  Bing- 
ham, Utah,  has  devised  a  method  of  turn- 
ing and  holding  the  cable  that  is  certain 
in  its  operation.  The  device  for  accom- 
plishing this  has  been  in  use  some  time, 
and  it  is  probably  as  much  due  to  its  use 
as  to  any  other  one  cause  that  the  old 
Highland  Boy  tramway  was  noted  for  the 
long  life   of  its  track  cables. 

The  Ruttle  turning  strap,  as  shown  in 
the  accompanying  halftone  engraving, 
consists  of  an  iron  strap  2'/2  in.  wide, 
made  of  No.  12  band  steel  that  is 
clamped  to  the  track  cable  by  means  of 
two  T-head  bolts,  which  have  their  flat 
heads  turned  toward  the  passing  buckets. 
This  band  steel  is  continued  to  form  an 
arm  12  in.  long,  and  then  a  Vl-in.  round 
rod  is  bolted  to  the  end  of  this  arm  be- 


tween two  nuts  working  on  a  right-  and 
left-handed  threads.  In  order  to  pre- 
vent the  outer  bolt  from  working  off  and 
allowing  the  arm  of  the  clamping  strap 
to  swing  around  and  catch  on  the  bucket, 
causing  a  wreck,  a  cotter  pin  is  inserted 
in  a  hole  drilled  through  the  end  of  the 
rod.  This  rod  is  made  long  enough  to 
pass  through  the  detaining  brace,  or  loop, 
which  is  made  by  bending  double  a  )4-in. 
round  rod.  This  iron  loop  is  just  wide 
enough  for  the  arm  of  the  turning  clamp 
to  move  freely  back  and  forth,  with  the 
stretch  of  the  cable,  and  is  made  3  ft. 
long,  so  as  to  provide  for  that  much 
stretch.  The  detaining  brace,  or  loop,  is 
fastened  by  means  of  two  <8x4-in.  lag 
screws  to  the  timbers  of  the  tower,  the  rod 
being  flattened  to  \s  in.  where  it  comes 
in  contact  with  the  tower  timbers.  These 
turning  straps  are  put  on  the  track  cable 
at  each  tower. 

Whenever  a  man  watching  the  tramway 
notices  that  the  track  cable  is  wearing, 
or  about  once  in  two  weeks,  the  cable  is 
turned  one-eighth  way  around  by  means 
of  stilsnn  wrenches,  the  olamping  bolts 
on  the  turnings  clamp  having  been  pre- 
viously loosened.  Then  the  clamp  is 
again  tightened  on  the  cable,  and  the 
procedure  repeated  at  the  next  tower. 
Needless  to  say,  the  twisting  must  be 
done  in  the  direction  of  the  twist  of  the 
cable,  or  else  the  strands  will  be  unlaid. 


Simple  Proof  for  Multiplication 
and  Division 

A  simple  and  accurate  method  for 
proving  multiplication  and  division 
problems,  which  arise  daily  in  mining 
and  metallurgical  work,  consists  of  cast- 
ing out  the  nines  as  shown  in  the  follow- 
ing  problem : 

Suppose  we  multiply  33,725  by  879 
and  obtain  a  product  of  29,644,275.  To 
prove  this  multiplication  add  together  all 
the  figures  of  the  multiplicand  which  in 
this  case  equals  20.  Taking  out  the 
nearest  multiple  of  9,  which  is  18,  leaves 
a  remainder  of  2.  In  the  multiplier  the 
sum  is  24.  Taking  out  18,  the  nearest 
multiple  of  9.  leaves  6.  Now  6  X  2  nz 
12,  and  taking  9  out  of  12  leaves  a  re- 
mainder of  3;  this  should  equal  the  re- 
mainder after  taking  the  nearest  multiple 
of  9,  which  is  36,  out  of  39,  the  sum  of 
the  digits  in  the  product.  In  case  any  of 
the  remainders  equal  zero,  the  process  is 
the  same,  for  the  zero  is  treated  as  any 
other   figure. 

,1,^7 2.S  sum  =  2o  =    2 
879  sura  =  24  =    6 


2,16075 
269800 


12  =  3 


29644275  sum  =  39  =    5 
In   division   the   operation   is   reversed. 
The  nines  are  all  cast  out  of  the  divisor, 
dividend,   remainder   and   quotient.     The 


802 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


remainders  from  the  quotient  and  divisor 
are  multiplied  together,  9  cast  out,  which 
leaves  3.  To  this  is  added  the  remainder 
after  casting  out  the  nines  from  the  di- 
vision remainder.  This  sum  is  7  and 
is  equal  to  the  remainder,  after  casting 
out  the  nines  from  the  sum  of  the  divi- 
dend digits  wherein  lies  the   proof. 

38  sum  =  11  =  2 

879)  3.S739  sum  =  25  =  7 
2637 


sum  =  24  =  6 


3  X  6  =  12 


7369 
7032 


7  337  sum  =13  =  4 

At  first  this  process  seems  cumber- 
some, but  a  little  practice  will  enable 
one  to  do  all  of  it  mentally,  setting 
down  only  the  remainders  after  casting 
out  all  the  nines  from  each  of  the  sums. 


A  Handy  Appliance  for  Leaching 
Tests 


By  O.  E.  Jager* 


The  apparatus  illustrated  by  the  ac- 
companying sketch  will  be  found  an  im- 
provement over  the  old  style  arrangement 
of  bottomless  bottles  for  conducting 
leaching  tests  in  the  laboratory. 

A  2x2-in.  piece.  A,  about  15  in.  long,  is 
mounted  on  four  legs  made  of  light  bat- 
tens, so  as  to  stand  about  16  in.  high. 
The  front  legs  B  are  made  vertical, 
while  the  back  legs  C  are  inclined  back- 
ward and  spread,  as  shown  in  the  sketch, 
to  give  stability.  Two  strips,  D  and  E, 
arc  let  into  t'r.e  piece  A,  and  project  about 
one-quarter  inch  above  its  surface.  The 
strip  D  has  a  piece  of  rubber  tube  glued 
alon;^  its  upper  edge  to  act  as  a  buffer. 
This  completes  the  carpenter  work. 

The  blacksmith  has  now  to  make  the 
ring  and  rod  F  and  the  bearings  G.  The 
former  is  made  of  '_.-in.  round  iron,  ac- 
cording to  the  dimensions  shown,  so  as 
to  allow  both  ends  to  project  clear  of  the 
wooden  stand.  The  cross  piece  H,  two 
in.  long,  is  welded  tc  main  rod  F,  at  right 
angles.  The  bearings  G  are  made  from 
two  pieces  of  -}4-'n-  anjle  iron,  three 
inches  long,  and  having  in  the  center  a 
semicircle  cut  in  which  crosspiece  H  can 
rest.  The  angles  O  are  drilled  for  screws 
to  attach  them  to  the  piece  A. 

When  the  apparatus  is  assembled,  as 
shown  in  the  sketch,  the  main  rou  F  has 
a  see-saw  movement  of  about  'A  in.  The 
sample  for  treatment  is  placed  in  the 
funnel,  which  is  then  counterbalanced 
by  hanging  weights  from  the  hook  L,  an 
empty  Munktell  filter-paper  box  being 
a  handy  thing  for  this,  as  it  can  be  loaded 
as  required  with  scrap  iron,  nails,  stones, 
etc.,  to  give  a  good  adjustment. 

The  bottle  P,  containing  the  leaching 
solution,      is      set      on      a      shelf      at 


a  suitable  hight.  The  rubber  tube  from 
this  bottle  is  passed  under  the  rod  F, 
and  secured  to  the  top  of  strip  E  by  a 
couple  of  double-pointed  tacks  S  S.  The 
rubber  tube  terminates  in  a  bent  glass 
tube  /,  enabling  it  to  hang  over  the  edge 
of  the  funnel.  While  balancing  the  ap- 
paratus, the  spring  clip  K  is  kept  closed. 
The  siphon  from  the  bottle  of  leaching 
solution  having  been  started,  the  funnel 
is  allowed  to  fill  till  the  ore  is  covered  to 
the  required  depth.  The  clip  K  is  then 
closed,  and  more  weight  added  to  the 
counterbalance,  till  the  rod  F  just  fails 
to  turn.  K  can  now  be  left  open,  as 
the  apparatus  will  regulate  itself.    A  lit- 


better  regulation  as  to  time  of  contact 
a  funnel  with  a  glass  cock  in  the  stem  is 
recommended.  The  above  apparatus  is! 
easily  and  cheaply  made,  is  simple  anc 
reliable  in  action  and  capable  of  fine  ad 
justment. 


Shovel  Racks  for  Warehouse 


A  convenient  rack  for  shovels  may  b< 
made  by  suspending  from  proper  sup 
ports  in  the  warehouse  two  1-in.  ga: 
pipes,  1j4  in.  apart,  so  that  the  shove 
handle  will  just  pass  between  the  pipes 


Ttic  Ensinceriiia  i Mining  JiAtrnal    | 


Experimental  Percolation  Apparatus 


•Siin    Liils    rolosl,    MpxIco. 


tie  further  adjustment  may  be  necessary 
before  steady  percolation  is  estab- 
lished, on  account  of  the  solution  re- 
quired to  wet  the  ore  thoroughly. 

As  the  solution  percolates  through  the 
funnel,  the  weight  on  this  side. decreases, 
and  the  counterbalance  falls.  This  opens 
the  t'.ibe  on  E,  and  allows  more  solution 
to  run  into  the  funnel  till  the  weight  in- 
creases sufficiently  to  make  the  funnel 
sink,  thus  compressing  the  tube  on  E,  and 
cutting  off  the  flow  of  solution,  and  so  on 
continuously,  till  required  amount  of  so- 
lution has  percolated,  this  amount  being 
regulated  by  the  depth  to  which  the  glass 
tube  is  .set  in  the  bottle  P.  All  connec- 
tions must,  of  course,  be  air  tight.     For 


The  shovel  is  then  turned  90  deg.  anc 
slid  over  to  the  end  of  the  rack.  In  this ' 
way  they  nest  closely,  take  up  little  rooin  , 
and  the  stock  is  easily  counted  at  an\ 
time.  The  rack  is  placed  high  enougli 
for  a  man  to  walk  under  the  shovel. 


At  the  Granby  smeltery,  the  self-flux- 
ing ores  from  the  company's  mines  pro- 
duce a  slag  of  about  44  per  cent,  in  silica, 
and  from  0.20  to  0.25  per  cent,  in  cop- 
per, and  at  times  even  lower  copper 
losses  are  obtained.  According  to  F.  E. 
Lathe  {Bui!.  Can.  Min.  Inst.,  .lune.  1910) 
the  specific  gravity  of  the  slag  is  about 
3,  owing  to  its  low  content  in  iron. 


October  22.    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


803 


Mine  Haulage   Line   Material 


To  properly  insulate  the  line  of  a  trol- 
ley-haulage system  in  a  mine  is  difficult 
on  account  of  the  limited  space  allowable 
for  insulation  and,  the  seepage  from  the 
walls  and  roof,  which,  together  with  the 
moisture  and  acid  in  the  air,  make  it 
necessary  to  use  insulation  capable  of 
standing  up  under  the  most  adverse  work- 
ing conditions.  The  proper  insulation  of 
a  haulage  system  is  a  protective  measure 
in  that  if  properly  insulated  the  trolley 
line  cannot  become  a  maker  of  trouble, 
while  without  good  insulation  it  becomes 
a  possible  source  of  danger. 


Co.MPACT  Hangers 

Fig.  1  shows  a  ceiling  suspension  de- 
signed to  be  attached  to  horizontal  tim- 
bers where  the  headroom  is  limited.  The 
total  depth  of  the  suspension  is  only  IM 
in  The  body  castings  are  of  malleable 
iron  and  the  stud  bolt  is  heavy,  solid, 
drop-forged  steel.  The  multiple-petticoat 
construction  gives  a  long  surface  distance 
from  stud  to  outer  rim,  which  prevents 
leakage  due  to  moisture.  Fig.  2  shows  a 
somewhat  similar  form  of  timber  sus- 
pension, provided  with  only  two  petti- 
coats, and  therefore,  not  so  effective 
against  moisture  as  the  form  shown  in 
Fig.    I. 


Fic.  7 

T/ii  Kngineci-inp  ^ Mining  Journal 


Haulage  Line  Insulators 


Designs    Illustrated    Have    Been 
Adapted  to  Mine  Service 

The  forms  of  haulage-system  line  ma- 
terial illustrated  herewith  have  been  tried 
out  in  service  and  are  the  survivors  of 
a  large  number  of  designs  which  were 
tested.  The  metal  parts  are  uniformly 
tough  and  sufficiently  strong  to  stand  the 
strain  for  which  they  are  designed.  The 
insulating  material  used  is  known  as 
"electrose"  and  has  been  found  espe- 
cially well  adapted  to  mine  service.  It 
is  molded  under  high  pressure  and  tem- 
perature around  all  parts  where  insula- 
tion is  needed. 


Figs.  3  and  4  illustrate  forms  of  sus- 
pension suitable  for  mounting  directly  on 
a  mine  roof.  They  measure  only  1  H 
in.,  from  top  to  ear  contact  surface.  Any 
of  the  several  designs  of  expansion  bolts 
may  be  had  with  either  at  the  prefer- 
ence of  the  mine  operator.  The  addi- 
tional petticoats  used  and  large  insulating 
surface  insure  the  maximum  amount  of 
safety. 

Mechanical   Screw   Clamps 

Two  forms  of  mine  clamps  are  shown 
in  Figs.  5  and  6.  Fig.  5  is  know-n 
as    a    mechanical-screw    clamp    because 


of  the  method  of  securing  a  hold  on 
the  trolley  wire.  The  clamp  illustrated 
by  Fig.  6  is  so  constructed  that  the  oper- 
ation of  attaching  it  to  the  hanger  stud 
provides  ample  compression  of  its  jaws 
to  securely  clamp  the  trolley  wire  under 
the  most  severe  conditions.  The  clamp  is 
but  3  in.  long  and,  therefore,  offers  no 
obstruction  to  the  trolley  wheel  on  curves 
of  any  radius.  One  style  of  clamp 
serves  for  figure-8  wire  ranging  in  size 
from  0  to  0000,  and  a  second  for  grooved 
wire  of  the  same  sizes. 

A  self-locking,  self-draining,  feed-wire 
insulator  is  shown  in  Fig.  7.  The  pin  is 
first  driven  into  the  wall  or  roof  and  the 
insulator  is  then  slipped  over  the  end  of 
the  pin  and  given  a  quarter  turn  to  lock 
it  securely  in  position.  The  pin  is  made 
of  malleable  iron  and  the  insulator  of 
the  highest  grade  of  tough  white  porce- 
lain. These  forms  of  line-construction 
material,  carried  by  the  Western  Electrii 
Company,  have  given  satisfactory  results 
in  mine  service. 


Mine  Labor  and  Accidents   in    the 
Transvaal 

The  number  of  employees  in  the  mines 
of  the  Transvaal  in  July  is  reported  by 
the  State  mining  engineer  as  follows: 

Willie.  Coliired.  Total. 

Gnld  mines 25,li77  20i),()0a  U'i.i.oW) 

Dlamouil  mines 864  12,80U  i;i.iiW 

(-■(lal  mines 456  '.),.S46  'i.MTi 

Other  mines  and  works        537  5,993  G,63U 

Total 26,934        228,142        255,076 

White  men  were  II. I  per  cent,  of  the 
working  force  in  the  gold  mines;  6.3  in 
diamond  mines;  4.7  in  coal  mines;  8.2 
in  other  mines  and  works;  being  10.6 
per  cent,  of  the  total  number  of  employ- 
ees. The  gold  mines  employed  92.9  per 
cent,  of  the  whites,  and  87.7  per  cent,  of 
the  negroes;  or  88.2  per  cent,  of  the 
whole  number. 

The  number  of  casualties  reported  in 
July  was  as  follows: 

, White ,  , Colored , 

o       £       tf         c         £        '3 

-       ^       -         S         '         - 
3       'c       H        S        "£        ^ 

Gold  mines. ...  6        23        28  101  118  219 

Dlam'd  mines.  .22  2  16  18 

Coalmines ..  2  3  6 

Other 2         2  1  2  3 

Total .'i        27        32        lUO         139        245 

Per    1000    em- 
ployees   0.19     I.IH)     1.19      0.47       O.OI       1.(18 

The  total  number  of  killed  was  111,  or 
0.44  per  1000;  of  injured,  166,  or  0.65 
per  1000.  There  was  one  exceptional 
accident,  at  the  Simmer  &  Jack  gold  mine, 
in  which  one  white  and  27  colored  men 
were  killed. 


The  State  of  California  is  erecting  a 
large  number  of  metallic  sign  posts  in  the 
desert  sections  of  the  State,  including  the 
Death  Valley  district,  near  the  Nevada- 
California  line.  The  signs  indicate  the 
direction  and  distance  to  the  nearest 
water. 


804 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,   1910. 


Prospecting  with  Churn  Drills  at  Miami,  Ariz. 

Average  Rate  of  Drilling,  21  ft.  per  Day.     Large  Bits  Cut  Faster  Than 
Small   Ones.      Traction   Star  Drills   Used.      Deepest    Holes    600    Feet 


B      Y 


H 


A 


i- 


U      L      D=^ 


All  the  data  used  in  this  article  are 
taken  from  the  drill  log  of  one  of  the 
copper  companies  in  the  Miami  district, 
Ariz.  The  first  10  holes,  drilled  by  two 
No.  23  traction  Star  drills  (1000-ft.  ma- 
chines), are  cited  as  examples. 

A  soft  schist  and  a  decomposed  granite 
are  the  principal  rocks  encountered  in 
this  district,  although  a  soft  dacite  is  also 
of  some  importance.  The  holes  to  which 
the  following  figures  apply,  were  driven 
400  to  600  ft.  in  depth.  The  country  is 
mountainous,  necessitating  much  road 
building.  The  country  rock  is  badly  fis- 
sured; is  soft  as  a  whole,  but  containing 
hard  streaks  varying  in  thickness  from 
5  to  15  ft.;  consequently  much  caving  is 
encountered.  A  10-in.,  or  larger,  bit  is 
used  to  start  the  hole;  ne.\t  in  order  fol- 
low bits  approximately  7\s-.  O'i-  and 
4i/2-in.  The  drill  cuttings  are  sampled 
every  five   feet. 

Time  Consumed  in  Various  Operations 

Table  1  gives  the  actual  time  employed 
in  the  various  duties.  Under  drilling  and 
sampling,  in  column  two,  are  included 
such  items  as  measuring,  bailing  and  de- 
lays of  any  sort  lasting  not  more  than  15 
min.  In  the  last  column  is  tabulated  the 
amount  and  size  of  casing  lowered  into 
each  hole.  Table  II,  except  for  the  first 
three  columns,  consists  of  the  figures 
given  in  Table  1,  worked  out  to  per- 
centages. 

The  average  rate  of  drilling  was  21.08 
ft.  per  shift.  This  is  high  for  the  dis- 
trict. It  may  be  attributed  to  good  super- 
vision and  to  the  fact  that  all  these  fig- 
ures represent  day  work.  The  average 
advance,  barring  accidents  such  as  "fish- 
ing," is  higher  for  a  shallow-  hole,  as  the 
actual  time  consumed  in  bailing  a  deep 
hole,  putting  in  greater  length  of  casing, 
raising  and  lowering  the  tools,  measuring, 
etc.,  is  more.  Friction  also  hinders  much 
in  deep  drilling. 

The  columns  concerning  casing  are 
seen  to  be  directly  affected  by  the  length 
of  casing  lowered  into  the  hole.  Remov- 
ing casing  is  always  a  shorter  operation 
than  lowering  it.  Delays,  repairing,  cas- 
ing and  casing  removal  increase  out  of 
proportion,  with  great  depth  of  hole,  and 
in   the   order  named. 

In  Table  III,  under  column  two,  is  tabu- 
lated the  total  advance  at  the  end  of  each 
successive  shift.  This  advance  is  an  av- 
erage of  the  total  daily  advance  of  the 
10  holes.  The  last  two  columns  are  de- 
rived   from   the   first  two.     The   average 

•MInlns     cnclnecr.     lliiiinl.     .\rlz. 


speed,  as  given  in  column  four,  has  been 
plotted  against  the  total  shifts  and  the 
total  distances  are  given  in  the  accom- 
panying diagram. 

Fast   Drilling   in   Shallow   Holes 

When  drilling  is  commenced  (called 
spudding)  the  speed  for  the  first  100  to 
150  ft.  is  better  than  at  any  other  period. 
From  the  diagram  it  is  evident  that  de- 
lays, incident  to  moving  and  setting  up, 
affect  adversely  the  early  averages.  The 
high  speed  drops  somewhat  as  depth  is 
attained,  and  the  curves  continue  evenly 
until  a  sudden  break  in  both  is  observed. 


The  curves  shown  are  characteristic  of 
this  district.  A  different  kind  of  rock,  a 
less  mountainous  country,  different  style 
of  "setting  up"  and  lower  wages  might 
give  an  entirely  different  curve.  The  rec- 
ord of  each  hole  as  given  begins  from 
the  time  the  casing  on  the  last  hole  is  re- 
moved. All  delays  incident  to  dismant- 
ling, moving  and  setting  up  are  thus 
chargeable  to  the  new  holes  and  affect 
the  beginning  of  the  curve. 

Economic  Conditions 

In  summer,  a  light  corrugated  roof  is 
placed  over  the  drill  platform;  in  winter, 


TABLE  I.     DISTRIBUTION   OF  TIME   IN   HOUR.S. 


M 

M 

be 

m 

M 

hi 

ir. 

m 

b£ 

-a 

bO 

"a 

> 

'C 

x 

> 

o 

■a 

a 

rf 

o. 

'Jl 

•in 

a; 

ffi 

D. 

o 

o 

o 

c 
o 

6 

oS 

h 

6 

6 

Q 

•r. 

(S 

►J 

e; 

^ 

hr. 

min. 

hr.  min. 

hr.  min. 

hr. 

min. 

hr. 

min. 

hr. 

min. 

feet 

feet 
342 

inches 

71 

1 

310 

40 

16  25 

9  30 

33 

20 

ly 

00 

64 

05 

595 

39 

455 
545 

6 

4 

2 

227 

35 

10  05 

5  35 

13 

20 

12 

00 

65 

45 

550 

29 

339 
400 

7j 
6 

7 

7 

6 

3 

276 

20 

13  20 

7  20 

5 

00 

3 

00 

70 

20 

615 

32 

272 
300 

4 

2S0 

00 

1  0 

4  GO 

15 

00 

12 

00 

J7 

40 

500 

30 

300 
412 

5 

ISfi 

l.'i 

8  30 

12  30 

5 

30 

.■; 

on 

13 

00 

415 

20 

254 

7 

6 

163 

30 

5  30 

13  00 

51 

30 

435 

19.5 

160 

00 

6  15 

21  00 

5 

15 

1 

45 

1.5 

45 

417 

17.5 

336 

71 

8 

162 

10 

4  40 

16  00 

3 

00 

6 

00 

34 

10 

425 

19.0 

232 

'i 

9 

127 
101 

00 

55 

10   15 
1   00 

14  00 
23  00 

12 
24 

30 
OS 

336 
345 

14.0 
12.5 

10 

TABLE   II.     PERCENTACE   DI.STRIBl'TION  OF  TIME. 


o 

D 
O 

X 

ge  Feet 
Shift 

•c 

C  bi 

G 

•c 

bo 

be 

a;  'S 

Id 

1. 

CO 

1 

v. 

^ 

■a  £ 

a. 

S 

1^ 

s 

a 

H 

< 

a 

Per 

Per 

Pe' 

Per 

Percent. 

Cent. 

Percent. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

Percent. 

Cent. 

Per  Cent 

1 

468 

15.3 

66  5 

3  50 

2,20 

7.10 

4.05 

13.7 

6.20 

20.6 

2 

34S 

IS  9 

65.5 

3,02 

1,58 

3.84 

3.44 

18.9 

4.63 

28  9 

3 

384 

19.2 

72  0 

3.47 

1,89 

1.3 

0,78 

18.3 

4.82 

25  4 

4 

360 

16  6 

77,8 

0  2S 

1  10 

4.17 

3.34 

13  2 

0.36 

17.0 

240 

20.75 

77.6 

3  54 

5  20 

2.3 

2.08 

5,43 

4.55 

7.0 

6 

234 

22  3 

70  0 

2 ,  35 

5 .  55 

22.0 

3 .  36 

31,50 

7 

210 

23,8 

76,3 

2,96 

10,0 

2.48 

0.83 

7.5 

3.90 

9,85 

S 

228 

22.4 

71,3 

2  01 

7.02 

1.31 

2.62 

14  9 

2.88 

21  2 

1,1 

168 

24.0 

75  6 

"  6  10 

8  34 

7 ,  45 

8.70 

9  85 

10 

150 

27  6 

6S  3 

0,67 

15,3 

.... 

16  02 

0  99 

23  60 

.\v<TaEe 

279 

21  08 

72  09 

2.79 

5  81 

3  21 

2 ,  45 

13.74 

4 .  04 

19  49 

This  is  due  to  the  first  string  of  casing, 
with  its  attendant  delay,  being  lowered 
into  the  different  holes.  The  curves  now 
continue  evenly,  dropping  gradually  as 
greater  depth  is  attained.  A  second 
break,  due  to  the  lowering  of  the  second 
siring  of  casing,  is  followed  by  a  third 
gradually  decreasing  the  average. 


none.  A  seasonable  change  in  the  curve 
could  thus  be  expected.  Due  to  the  in- 
tense heat  of  this  district  during  the  sum- 
mer season,  the  sharpening  of  a  large  bit 
calls  for  a  rest  which  causes  greater  de- 
lay. The  drill  crew  is  paid  #(i  and  S4.80 
per  day  of  12  hours.  Where  wages  are 
lower,   a   lower  drilling   efficiency   is  ob- 


October  22,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


805 


tained.  A  crew  drillinR  day  shift  only 
do  50  to  60  per  cent,  more  than  a  crew 
working  double  shift  (12  noon  to  12  mid- 
night and  I'ice  versa).  A  fishing  job, 
lasting  from  an  hour  to  a  week  or  more, 
plays  havoc  with  the  drill  record.  A 
management  trying  to  stint,  not  only  low- 
ers the  average,  but  increases  the  cost 
per  foot  of  hole  drilled  as  well.  An  ex- 
tra driller  or  helper  on  two  or  more  ma- 
chines is  always  useful,  and  does  not 
increase  the  cost  per  foot  of  hole.  He 
will  be  of  use  in  casing,  in  moving  the 
machine,  and  in  the  upkeep  of  the  drills, 
thus  prolonging  their  life  while  increasing 
the  first-cost  charge  per  foot  of  hole 
drilled.  A  team  should  always  be  at 
hand;  an  accident  will  cause  a  tempor- 
ary shut-down  until  the  repair  parts  can 
be  obtained.  When  holes  are  driven 
deeper  than  600  ft.,  the  average  advance 
falls  off  rapidly. 

In  general,  it  may  be  said  that  the  "av- 
erage" curve?  will  be  effected  by  the 
kind  of  rock,  contour  of  the  ground, 
wages,  season  and  weather,  and  the  per- 
sonnel of  the  management. 

26 


TABLE  III.     AVERAGE  DAILY  FOOTAGE 
OBTAINED  IN'   10  DUILL  HOLES. 


Total 

Daily 

Average 

.Vdvance 

Advance, 

Speed, 

No  Shifts. 

Ft. 

Ft. 

1 

5.8 

5.8 

5.8 

•> 

24.9 

19.1 

12.05 

3 

42.4 

17.5 

18.1 

1 

84 . 0 

42.5 

22.47 

r. 

IK)..-) 

31.6 

24.49 

6 

i:is  0 

21.5 

24.05 

159.1 

21.1 

23.67 

s 

1S4,9 

25.8 

23.94 

9 

20S.3 

23.4 

23,88 

10 

231    3 

23  0 

23.78 

11 

254  0 

22.7 

23.67 

12 

270,4 

16.4 

23.03 

13 

286.7 

16.3 

22.49 

14 

.302.2 

15.5 

21.97 

13 

322.3 

20.1 

21.81 

16 

342 . 1 

19.8 

21.68 

17 

364  4 

22.3 

21.72 

18 

380  6 

16,2 

21.36 

19 

391.7 

11,1 

20.74 

20 

402 ,  .1 

10,  S 

20 .  20 

21 

414,2 

11,7 

19.72 

22 

43.5  0 

20,8 

19.77 

23 

431   3 

16.3 

19.63 

24 

460.0 

8.7 

19.18 

2,5 

469  0 

9.0 

18.65 

26 

486.5 

17.5 

18.72 

27 

,501.8 

15.3 

18.58 

28 

511.8 

10.0 

18.28 

29 

528 . 8 

17.0 

18.25 

30 

536.7 

7.9 

17.90 

v  5 


.^i      ,        (      I      I           ■■"                         ■ \ ~TT^^ 

.^^ :_  :::::=--:u:-;:::::::::::::  ::  ;:::::::::: 

:::|#:::::::::==="=""=""=="==""=="=---^^^==^^=" 

^7^ 

Zlt   'S                                                                                                                    „ 

Si-Ti                                      -                                              ^^ 

■S-,  m^ 

^f  5 

^/j'T 

J^--                                                                                                                            ^" 

cf/\  Is 

4MJf.                                                                                                                      _L 

W"                            +           - 

'/ 

'/l     1 

Ll_L  ^ _z:    .      .  :             :  :      : ._« 

0 

5  days 

10 

15 
Total  Shifts  in  Days 

20 

0 

100  feet 

200 

300 
Total  Distanc3  in  Feet 

400 

25 


SO 


500  600 

Thi  i'ni^i'ici-niij;  i  Mining  Journal 


Results  With  Churn  Drills  at  Mia.mi,  Ariz. 


TABLE   IV.     AVEKACIE   KATE  OF  CUT- 
TING OF  VARIOUS  BITS. 


Speed  with 

Speed  with 

Speed  with 

3 

10-in.  Bit 

7»i- 

III.  Bit 

t5>i- 

in.  Bit 

flf 

is 

.'  ru'' 

1% 

1 

220 

20.0 

100 

16  6 

122 

18.7 

2 

240 

24.0 

212 

19.3 

3 

143 

20.4 

319 

19.9 

4 

200 

14.3 

105 

17.5 

85 

21.2 

5 

140 

20.0 

145 

24.2 

6 

/o 

25,0 

300 

27.3 

7 

312 

31.2 

65 

22.0 

8 

125 

20.8 

185 

31.0 

Aver- 

age. 

21.96 

22.33 

19.95 

In  Table  IV  are  tabulated  average 
speeds  for  three  different  sized  bits. 
A  10-in.  string  of  tools  weighs 
2181  lb.;  a  7><;-in.  set,  1994  lb., 
and  a  6"i-in.  set,  1773  lb.  A  10- 
'  bit  in  a  run  of  5  ft.,  cuts  out  about 
450  lb.  of  rock;  a  7?/;;. in.  bit,  about  260 
Ih.  and  a  6':J-in.  bit,  approximately   180 


lb.  It  would  therefore  seem  that  the 
smaller  bits  with  almost  the  same  weight 
of  tools,  cutting  out  only  60  per  cent,  and 
40  per  cent,  of  the  material  cut  by  a 
10-in.  bit,  would  give  much  higher  rates 
of  speed,  but  this  is  not  the  case. 

This  paradox,  excepting  delays  due  to 
depth  as  mentioned  above,  may  be  ac- 
counted for  by  the  following  reasons: 
As  smaller  casing  is  introduced,  the 
same-sized  rope  and  tools  (2-in.  manila 
cable  and  4-in.  auger  stem)  are  contin- 
ued in  use.  These,  dragging  against  the 
sides,  and  in  the  smallest  casing  fonn- 
ing  an  air  cushion,  tend  to  lower  the 
speed.  Moreover,  ground  water  is  en- 
countered in  all  the  holes  at  depths  of 
from  150  to  250  ft.  Once  the  tools 
strike  permanent  wafer,  and  it  must  be 
borne  in  mind  that  casing  seldom  keeps 
out  this  underground  flow,  the  speed  di- 
minishes. Figures  are  not  available  to 
give  the  percentage  decrease  in  speed. 
The  relatively  high  speed  of  spudding  is 
another  determining  factor  in  raising  the 
average  speed  of  the  largest-sized  bit. 


Sand   Filling  on  the  Rand 
Johannesburg  Correspondence 


Sand  filling  on  a  large  scale  has  now 
been  started  in  several  mines  on  the  Rand 
and  the  practical  difficulties  which  nat- 
urally arise  in  the  course  of  the  appli- 
cation of  the  methods  are  being  dealt 
with  and  overcome.  One  difficulty  has 
been  in  building  water-tight  bulkheads 
between  the  drift  pillars  left  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  slopes  to  be  filled.  These  ore 
pillars  are  often  split  or  cracked  by  sub- 
sidences and  the  ground  leaks  badly  un- 
less large  quantities  of  grass  or  similar 
material  are  employed  to  stop  cracks. 
The  greater  portion  of  the  water  is  drawn 
from  above  the  sands  as  they  settle, 
through  timber  bulkheads  at  the  sides  of 
the  slopes.  The  question  of  introducing 
some  binding  material,  as  cement,  with  the 
water  in  the  first  portions  of  sand  sent 
down  is  proposed. 

Cyanicide  Sought  for  Mill  Sands 

It  is  obvious  that  an  enormous  saving 
would  be  made  if  sands  could  be  sent 
directly  from  the  cyanide  tanks  below  for 
filling.  The  cost  of  stacking  on  dump 
which  amounts  to  5  to  8d.  per  ton  would 
be  avoided  and  the  sand-filling  process 
would  then  pay  for  itself.  The  chemists 
on  the  field  are  making  experiments  with 
various  cyanicides  in  order  to  find  the  one 
cheapest  and  most  suitable  to  destroy  any 
dangerous  trace  of  cyanide  in  the  sands 
and  it  is  almost  certain  that  this  investi- 
gation will  result  in  success. 

The  old  dumps  contain  large  quantities 
of  free  acid  and  ferric  salts  and  it  is 
estimated  that,  in  sand  filling  on  a  large 
scale  in  a  mine  like  the  Robinson  the 
cost  of  lime  would  amount  to  £70  or 
£80  per  day.  The  problem  of  acid  water 
formed  by  the  slow  leaching  and  oxida- 
tion of  sand  when  they  are  packed  In 
slopes  is  one  that  will  require  considera- 
tion in  mines  having  any  water  as  the 
effect  of  this  acid  on  rails,  tools,  pipes 
and  pumps  will  later  be  a  serious  con- 
sideration. It  has  been  proposed  to  bore 
vertical  holes  through  the  overlying 
quartzites  and  pass  sands  either  dry 
under  a  low  air  pressure  on  wet  directly 
down  to  the  deeper  mines.  At  present 
all  sands  are  sent  in  iron  pipes,  which 
will  afterward  be  wood  lined,  down  the 
shaft  and  along  levels  and  old  slopes  to 
the  working  places. 


At  its  properties  in  Bingham  cation, 
the  Utah  Copper  Company  is  operating 
18  steam  shovels,  and  it  is  reported  that 
two  more  have  been  ordered.  Practically 
all  mining  is  being  done  by  steam  shov- 
els, amounting  under  present  curtailment 
to  about  13,000  tons  per  day.  although 
the  property  is  being  prepared  for  a  daily 
production  of  20,000  tons. 


806 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


The  American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute 


The  first  annual  meeting  of  the  Amer- 
ican Iron  and  Steel  Institute  was  held  in 
New  York,  Oct.  20.  At  the  opening 
session  the  most  important  matter  was 
the  address  of  the  chairman,  E.  H.  Gary, 
head  of  the  United  States  Steel  Corpora- 
tion, setting  forth  the  purposes  of  the 
association,  which  are  to  be  far  from 
strictly    technical. 

Competition  and  Association 
He  dwelt  on  the  necessity  of  eliminat- 
ing cut-throat  competition  and  the  find- 
ing of  some  basis  on  which  producer  and 
consumer  may  meet  each  other,  with  the 
result  of  making  prices  more  stable  and 
avoiding  sudden  fluctuations  and  disturb- 
ances of  trade  conditions. 

Disapproving  of  price  agreement  not 
only  as  against  the  law,  but  also  because 
of  its  economic  inefficiency.  Judge  Gary 
expressed  himself  in  favor  of  healthy 
competition,  aided  by  a  fair  understand- 
ing among  all  concerned  through  busi- 
ness publicity.  This  he  declared  to  be 
the   main  purpose   of  the   institute. 

Purposes  of  the  Institute 
After  welcoming  the  foreign  men. 
Judge  Gary  described  the  development 
of  the  steel  industry  in  this  country  dur- 
ing the  last  30  years  to  emphasize  the 
need  and  the  opportunities  of  the  insti- 
tute. He  continued  substantially  as 
follows: 

"And  so  this  institute  was  created  upon 
a  basis  so  broad  that  there  is  no  limit 
to  the  good  which  may  be  accomplished. 
It  is  intended  that  ethical  questions  shall 
be  considered  as  impoitant  as  economic 
or  scientific  ones.  Primarily  the  insti- 
tute was  organized,  and  should  be  so 
conducted,  for  the  benefit  of  its  members. 
It  should  result  in  decided  pecuniary  ad- 
vantage to  all.  Also,  the  consideration 
and  discussion  of  ethical  questions,  par- 
ticularly affecting  those  outside  of  the 
membership,  but  connected  with  or  in- 
terested in  the  conduct  of  their  affairs, 
should  be  deemed  just  as  essential  and 
should  result  in  material  benefit  to  all. 

"One  of  the  most  important  business 
matters  at  this  time,  and  perhaps  at  all 
times,  is  the  maintenance  of  stable  con- 
ditions in  the  iron  and  steel  industry,  and 
to  this  is  attached  the  question  of  prices. 
For  periods,  at  least,  in  the  past,  unsat- 
isfactory conditions  have  been  the  rule 
and  not  the  exception.  Violent,  sudden 
and  wide  fluctuations  in  prices  have  re- 
curred, and  they  have  been  detrimental 
to  everyone  connected  with  the  business 
and  to  the  public  generally.  The  steel 
and  iron  industry,  more  or  less  recog- 
nized as  the  barometer  of  trade,  has  had 
an  influence  on  general  conditions  for 
good  or  bad,  and  much  of  the  time  for 
bad 


"It  is  not  the  intention  to  advocate 
fixed,  unchangeable  prices.  The  effort  to 
maintain  reasonable  prices  in  the  steel 
trade  is  not  by  any  means  contrary  to  the 
law  of  supply  and  demand,  but  the  whole 
question  should  depend  upon  mutual 
consideration  and  decision.  The  remedy 
proposed  is  that  in  times  of  low  demand 
production  should  be  reduced,  and  when 
high  prices  prevail  the  customer  should 
wait 

The   Function  of  Co-operation 

"How  shall  we  bring  about  these  ideal 
conditions^  Real,  hearty  and  continued 
cooperation  on  the  part  of  the  members 
of  this  institute  will  secure  satisfactory 
results.  Full  disclosure  of  his  business 
by  each  to  the  others,  a  disposition  to  as- 
sist and  benefit  each  other  as  far  as  prac- 
ticable and  proper,  and  conduct  founded 
on  the  belief  that  healthy  competition  is 
wiser  than  destructive  competition  will 
be  effective. 

"Some  of  you  may  say  that,  in  your 
opinion,  based  on  the  past,  a  fair  and  just 
equilibrium  cannot  be  maintained  except 
by  some  agreement  on  the  part  of  those 
interested.  It  is  a  sufficient  answer  to 
make  that  you  have  no  right  to  enter  into 
such  agreement,  but  the  law  does  not 
compel  competition — it  only  prohibits  an 
agreement  not  to  compete.  If  competit- 
ors are  in  frequent  communication  and 
make  full  disclosures  to  each  other  in 
regard  to  their  business,  it  will  follow 
as  a  natural  result  that  no  one  will  take 
advantage  of  the  information  thus  re- 
ceived to  act  unjustly  or  dishonorably 
toward    his   neighbor." 

Judge  Gary's  address  occupied  nearly 
all  the  morning  session.  In  the  after- 
noon four  papers — the  full  titles  of  which 
have  heretofore  been  published — were 
read  and  discussed. 

Papers  and  Discussions 
The  first  paper,  by  James  A.  Farrell  on 
"Foreign  Relations"  was  discussed  by  E. 
C.  Felton,  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Steel  Company;  George  F.  Perkins,  of 
J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co.;  E.  Schaltenbrand, 
of  the  Stahlwerksverband,  and  E.  A.  S. 
Clarke,  president  of  the  Lackawanna 
Steel   Company. 

William  B.  Dickson  made  an  address  on 
"Betterment  of  Labor  Conditions  in  the 
Steel  Industry,"  which  was  discussed  by 
Charles  Kirchhoff,  Edgar  S.  Cook,  presi- 
dent of  the  Warwick  Iron  Company,  and 
Edward  Bailey,  president  of  the  Central 
Iron  and  Steel  Company. 

Charles  Kirchhoff  read  a  paper  on"The 
International  Metallurgical  Congress  in 
Diisseldorf."  Willis  L.  King  read  one  on 
"Contract  Obligations,"  which  was  dis- 
cussed by  Charles  M.  Schwab,  Charles 
S.  Price,  president  of  the  Cambria  Steel 


Company;  H.  B.  Bope,  first  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Company,  and 
others. 

In  the  evening  the  members  of  the 
institute  and  their  foreign  guests  were 
entertained  at  a  dinner  in  the  Waldorf- 
Astoria. 

The  Excursions 

On  Saturday,  Oct.  15,  the  members  of 
the  institute  and  their  visitors  were  taken 
on  an  excursion  around  Ne--  York  harbor 
and  up  the  Hudson,  visiting  the  chief 
freight-shipping  docks  and  other  points. 
On  Sunday  evening,  Oct.  16,  they  left 
New  York  on  a  special  train  for  Buffalo, 
where  the  Lackawanna  Steel  Company's 
plant  and  other  works  were  visited.  Some 
time  was  also  spent  at  Niagara  F  lis. 

On  Oct.  18,  the  special  train  reached 
Chicago,  and  two  days  were  spent  there, 
visiting  the  Illinois  Steel  Works  and  the 
new  plant  of  the  Indiana  Steel  Company, 
at  Gary.  Other  points  of  interest  were 
also  visited,  and  a  second  dinner  w-as 
given  to  the  visitors  on  Monday  evening. 

The  Further  Program 
Leaving  Chicago  late  on  Oct.  19  the 
special  train  arrived  in  Pittsburg  on  the 
morning  of  Oct.  20.  Two  days  were  to 
be  spent  in  visiting  iron  and  steel  works 
is  and  about  that  city,  closing  with  an 
informal  dinner  at  the  Hotel  Schenley, 
and  the  departure  of  the  special  train  for 
Washington.  Saturday's  proceedings  in- 
cluded a  reception  by  the  President  and 
trips  around  the  city.  The  excursion  and 
the  meeting  were  to  be  closed  by  the 
return  of  the  special  train  to  New  York, 
on  Sunday  morning,  Oct.  23,  when  the 
party  would  disband. 

The  Foreign  Visitors 

The  list  of  foreign  guests  included  a 
number  well  known  in  European  iron 
and  steel  circles.  Their  names  are  as 
follows: 

Austria:  William  Kestrafiek  and  Dr. 
Eugene  Herz,  Prager  Eisen-Industrie 
Gesellschaft. 

France:  R.  de  Labriolle,  Comptoir 
d'Exportation  des  Produits  Metallurgi- 
ques;  Herman  Harjes,  Paris. 

Belgium:  E.  Tonneau,  Societe  John 
Cockerill;  J.  Van  Hoegaerden,  L.  Spaak, 
Societe  d'Ougree-Murihaye. 

Germany:  Baron  von  Bodcnhausen, 
Fried.  Krupp  Aktiengesellschaft;  H.  Eiss- 
ner,  Harn'sche  Werke;  F.  Harlinghausen, 
Phoenix  Aktiengesellschaft;  Karl  Stevens 
and  H.  Zapf,  Lahmeyer  Werke;  E.  Schal- 
tenbrand, chairman  Stahlwerks  Verband. 

Great  Britain:  Sir  John  Randies,  Moss 
Bay  Hematite  Steel  Company;  G.  Scoby 
Smith,  Bolckow,  Vaughan  &  Co.;  Sir 
Charles  Allen.  Ebbw  Vale  Steel  and 
Coal   Company;   William   P.   Peat,   Lon- 


October  22,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


807 


don;  "T,  Frame  Thomson,  Otis  Steel 
Company;  Alfred  M.  Mosscrop,  Dorman, 
Long  &  Co.;  S.  J.  Robinson,  Wm.  Jessop 
&  Sons;  T.  Scott  Smith,  Samuel  Fox  & 
Co.;  Harry  Steel,  Jr.,  Steel,  Piech  & 
Tozer;  F.  Hill  and  E.  W.  Manson,  Rich- 
ard Hill  &  Co.;  Joseph  Ellis,  Working- 
ton Iron  and  Steel  Company;  M.  Manna- 
nerg,  Frodingham  Iron  and  Steel  Com- 
pany; Lincoln  Chandler,  Metropolitan 
Amalgamated  Railway  Carriage  and 
Wagon  Works;  John  O'Connor,  John 
Brown  &  Co.,  Ltd.;  P.  M.  Cunningham, 
Stewart  &  Lloyds,  Ltd.;  David  Colville, 
David  Colville  &  Sons. 


Bringing  in  a  Gusher 


Special  Correspondence 


The  following  is  a  brief  history  of  well 
No.  1  of  the  Consolidated  Midway  Oil 
Company,  in  the  Midway-Sunset  field, 
California.  This  well  officially  fiowed 
when  the  gates  were  opened  at  the  rate  of 
4500  bbl.  in  1 '  j  hours,  or  at  the  rate  of 
72,000  bbl.  in  a  24-hour  day.  The  well 
in  question  is  situated  in  Section  30,  T.  12 
R^  23.  on  what  is  commonly  known  as 
"Maricopa  flat,"  and  lying  about  one  mile 
due  east  of  the  famous  Lake  View  gush- 
er. 

Preparing   for   the  Gusher 

The  well  was  "spudded  in"  on  March  2, 
and  started  to  flow  on  June  20  at  a  depth 
of  2167  ft.  The  management  was  pre- 
pared for  a  possible  gusher  and  had  on 
hand  two  10-in.  crane  gates,  of  670  lb. 
each  and  tested  to  250  lb.  pressure.  These 
were  connected  immediately,  with  the  re- 
sult that  this  well  has  been  under  com- 
plete control,  from  the  first.  The  gates 
were  then  opened,  which  allowed  the 
wells  to  flow  and  resulted  in  a  gain  in 
volume  of  some  60  per  cent,  from  the 
time  of  first  opening  the  gates  to  their 
closing,  1 !-:;  hours  later,  which  was  done 
by  hand  in  40  sec.,  at  which  time  the 
well  was  flowing  at  the  rate  of  approxi- 
rtutely  60,000  bbl.  per  24-hour  day. 

Size  of  Casing  Used 
The  I6-in.  casing  was  carried  to  a 
depth  of  670  ft.,  at  which  depth  12'/<- 
in.  casing  was  used  and  carried  to  a  depth 
of  1215  ft.,  from  this  depth  a  10-in.  cas- 
ing to  the  bottom  of  the  well,  or  2167  ft. 
When  the  gates  are  open  the  oil  shoots 
in  a  steady  stream  to  a  hight  of  about  70 
ft.  above  the  crown  block  of  the  derrick, 
which  is  84  ft.  in  hight.  No  water  was 
encountered  after  670  ft.  The  casing 
rests  on  a  hard  shell.  One  was  encoun- 
tered between  2132  and  2165  ft.,  and  was 
about  2'/f.  ft.  in  thickness.  After  drilling 
through  this  about  25  ft.  of  fine  sand 
was  encountered,  after  which  the  second 
and  bottom  shell  was  drilled  through, 
about  5''  ft.,  which  resulted  in  the  steady 
flow  of  the  well. 


The  oil  is  now  about  17  or  18  deg.  B.; 
when  first  encountered  it  was  19  to  \Q'/2 
deg.,  and  is  a  fair  average  of  the  oil  of 
this  section. 

No  Bends  in  Delivery  Pipe 

Considerable  discussion  has  resulted 
from  allowing  the  oil  to  shoot  directly  up 
through  the  10-in.  casing  and  gates  in- 
stead of  turning  and  leading  at  right  an- 
gles, which  is  the  method  usually  em- 
ployed by  other  wells,  particularly  on  the 
west  side.  E.  A.  Wiltsee,  consulting  en- 
gineer of  the  company,  considered  this 
method  preferable,  because  of  less  action 
of  the  oil  sands  against  the  casing  and 
gates,  in  a  direct  flow,  than  if  a  turn  were 
made  and  the  oil  flowed  at  right  an- 
gles.    The   reason   for  having   two  gates 


water  rose  to  14  ft.,  dropped  to  7.5  ft.  in 
1873,  and  rose  again  to  14  ft.  in  1877. 
The  lake  then  gradually  lowered  until 
the  water  stood  at  2,4  ft.  in  1902  and  2.2 
ft.  in  1905.  Since  1905  the  water  has 
gradually  risen,  reaching  the  6- ft.  mark 
in   May,   1910.     The  lake  is  now   falling. 


Well  No.  1  of  Consolidated  Midway 
Oil   Company 

is  that  the  lower  gate  is  to  be  used, 
simply  in  the  case  of  an  emergency.  Be- 
tween the  lower  and  upper  gates  is  2'  _•  ft. 
of  10-in.  casing  and  above  the  upper  gate 
is  attached  about  18  in.  of  the  same 
weight  of  10-in.  casing,  through  which 
the  oil  is  allowed  to  flow  on  the  opening 
of  the  gates. 


Geological   Survey  Investigating 
Behavior  of  Great  Salt  Lake 

The  present  behavior  and  past  history 
of  Great  Salt  Lake  is  attracting  more 
and  more  attention  each  year,  and  is 
now  the  object  of  a  special  investigation 
by  the  Geological  Survey.  The  Weather 
Bureau  precipitation  records,  beginning 
in  1863,  present  a  comparatively  accurate 
record  of  the  levels  of  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  dating  back  to  the  year  1850.  In 
1850  the  lake  stood  at  3  ft.;  in  1868  the 


California  Oil  Dividends 

The  dividends  paid  in  September  by  the 
California  oil  companies,  which  are  listed 
on  the  San  Francisco  Stock  Exchange, 
and  their  dividends  to  date,  are  shown 
in  the  accompanying  table. 


SEl'TIvMHKR  I'lVIDKXnS  OF  CAI.IFOKXIA 

on.    CO.MI'ANIES    LISTED    f)X    S.\X 

FUAXCISCO  STOCK  EXCIIAXGE. 


Name  of  Company. 

Sept. 
1910 

Total  Paid 
to  Date. 

AmalEainated  Oil  Co 

.\nierlcan  Petrolfum 

Carilum  oil  and  Mining. . .  . 
{'larnnont 

S   50,000 

.50.000 

20.176 

10,000 

9,992 

3,927 

2,000 

•       2,000 

2,000 

10.000 

50.000 

■    87.693 

5.000 

18.020 

3.000 

15.000 

40,000 

7,. 500 

6,667 

15.000 

5.985 

7,000 

5,000 

40,376 

124,813 

12,831 

20.816 

« 1.600 ,000 

1,744,407 

821,586 

385  000 

Coliiiiibia 

334,753 

Ii.'l  Ki'v 

19.638 

I'liiipire 

10.000 

4S6  000 

I\iTii  River 

132,000 

50  000 

690.000 

Mexican  Petroleum 

Ni-w  IVnn  Petroleum 

3,499.501 

20.000 

358  481 

I'aruHiiie 

33,000 

976  844 

120,000 

Uecord                        

1 00  000 

Kovaltv 

29.400 

S.  F.  &  McKittrick 

SaiiiT  Doush 

445.000 
5,53,214 
146  000 

100,000 

I'niti'il  Petroleum 

I'niun           

2,421,213 
7,117,133 

fiiil,-ii  Oil 

47,2.55 

124,896 

Total  for  Sept.,  1910 

$669,010 

The  total  is  apparently  5400,907  less 
than  in  August,  which  is,  in  the  main,  ac- 
counted for  by  a  S400,000  capital  distri- 
bution in  that  month  by  the  Thirty-Three 
Oil  Company,  The  total  disbursed  to 
date  by  companies  listed  on  the  San 
Francisco  exchange  is  $35,385,515,  but  it 
should  be  remembered  that  not  all  the 
dividend  payers  are  so  listed. 


Report    of    Tonopah-Belmont 


The  seventh  annual  report  of  the  Tono- 
pah-Belmont Development  Company 
covers  the  operation  of  that  company  for 
ihe  year  ended  Feb.  28,  1910.  The  re- 
port shows  that  during  the  year  36.930 
dry  tons  of  ore  and  32.230  tons  of  waste 
were  mined  at  a  cost  of  S7.784  per  ton  of 
ore  produced.  This  cost  was  made  up  as 
follows:  Mining,  $4.83;  depreciation  of 
mining  equipment,  S0.39;  development, 
$2.56.  The  costs  per  ton  including  de- 
velopment for  the  years  1908  and  1909 
were  respectively  S7.894  and  $7,815. 

During  the  first  eight  months  of  the 
year  under  review  37,166  dry  tons  of  ore 


808 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,   1910. 


were  milled  at  a  cost  of  $4,057  per  dry 
ton  treated.  For  nine  months  of  1908  the 
average  cost  was  S7.825  and  in  1909 
S4.379  per  dry  ton  milled.  The  average 
gross  value  of  the  ore  mined  and  milled 
during  the  first  eight  months  of  the  last 
fiscal  year  was  .S14.40  per  ton  as  com- 
pared with  $14.16  for  the  previous  year. 
The  average  gross  value  of  the  ore 
shipped  to  smelters  during  the  last  three 
months  of  the  year  was  S34.89.  A  profit 
of  S105,885  was  earned  during  the  year. 
The  assets  of  the  company,  as  of  Feb. 
28,  1910,  were  valued  at  S3,497,198. 


Mason  Valley  Mines  Company 


The  following  information  is  given  by 
E.  N.  Skinner,  engineer  for  Thompson, 
Towle  &  Co.:  The  developments  at  the 
Mason  Valley  property  in  Lyon  county, 
Nevada,  in  the  last  six  or  eight  months 
have  been  the  most  important  since  active 
operations  began.  Some  large  oreshoots 
are  being  opened  up,  among  them  is  one 
230  ft.  long,  45  ft.  wide,  averaging  5  per 
cent,  copper;  another,  135  ft.  long  with 
ere  in  both  faces,  40  ft.  wide,  assaying 
3  per  cent,  copper;  another,  220  ft.  long, 
64  ft.  wide  at  the  north,  and  32  ft.  at  the 
south,  the  whole  stope  averaging  5  per 
cent,  copper. 

Ore  on  the  470-foot  Level 

The  most  important  of  the  recent  de- 
velopments has  been  the  encountering  of 
ore  on  the  470-ft.  level,  at  a  distance  of 
335  ft.  from  the  main  winze  below  the 
400-ft.  level.  This  ore  was  struck  after 
passing  through  120  ft.  of  oxidized  and 
leached  material,  followed  by  100  ft.  of 
barren  limestone.  From  this  position  the 
drift  was  turned  to  the  east  and  then  to 
the  north,  where  the  orebody  was  en- 
countered. The  drift  is  over  60  ft.  in  the 
ore.  The  material  is  of  good  grade,  be- 
ing composed  of  chalcopyrite  dissemi- 
liated  through  the  gangue.  Thirty-five 
cars  from  the  first  20  ft.  of  this  develop- 
ment assayed  4.2  per  cent,  copper.  This 
body  is  nearly  under  one  of  the  big 
shoots  on  the  400-ft.  level,  and  connec- 
tion will  be  made  to  prove  the  ore  con- 
tinous.  The  470-ft.  level  is  520  ft.  be- 
low the  surface  at  this  point.  The  wide 
leached  zone  on  this  level  points  to  the 
possibility  of  encountering  rich  secondary 
ores  in  depth.  It  is  the  intention  of  the 
management  to  sink  the  main  winze  and 
prospect  these  orebodies  at  greater  depth. 

The  Mason  Valley  property  has  been  a 
difficult  one  to  develop,  owing  to  the  oc- 
currence of  the  orebodies  in  limestone. 
However,  the  general  trend  of  the  shoots 
is  now  being  fairly  well  determined.  At 
the  present  time  the  work  of  opening  the 
stopes  is  in  progress  to  put  them  in  con- 
dition for  actual  mining  which  will  be  by 
the  overhand-stoping    method.     The    ore- 


bodies  as  originally  estimated  had  an 
average  width  of  32  ft.,  while  the  aver- 
age is  now  shown  to  be  at  least  45  ft.; 
in  one  place  54  ft.  is  exposed,  with  ore 
still  in  the  face. 

Ore  Reserves,  1,000,000  Toms 

Recent  computations  of  the  ore  re- 
serves place  this  figure  at  approximately 
1,000,000  tons,  assaying  3.9  per  cent  cop- 
per. No  estimate  of  the  ore  on  the  dumps 
has  been  made,  but  there  is  probably 
35,000  tons  broken,  assaying  over  3  per 
cent,  copper.  Recent  analysis  of  the  ore 
from  composite  samples  shows  the  ma- 
terial to  be  a  more  desirable  fluxing  mix- 
ture than  was  heretofore  believed.  The 
new^  analysis  shows  the  composition  to  be 
as  follows:  Iron,  10  to  17  per  cent.;  lime, 
16  to  18  per  cent.;  sulphur,  12  per  cent.; 
and  silica,  38  per  cent.  The  ore  is  prac- 
tically self  fluxing. 

At  the  mine  24  men  are  employed  on 
development  work,  placing  the  property 
in  condition  for  actual  mining.  More  than 
six  miles  of  development  work  has  been 
dene  since  1906,  this  work  being  confined 
principally  to  the  three-tunnel  level  by 
which  the  property  is  developed,  and  con- 
nected workings.  The  company  has  a 
large  amount  of  territory  on  the  strike  of 
the  vein,  the  nearest  oreshoot  on  the 
north  being  1500  ft.  from  the  line,  while 
on  the  south  it  is  150  feet. 

Smelting  Plans 

The  spur  from  the  Southern  Pacific 
has  been  completed  to  within  about  one- 
half  mile  of  the  smeltery  site.  Work  on 
this  line  is  being  pushed  and  it  should 
not  be  long  before  the  site  will  be  placed 
in  railway  communication  with  the  main 
line.  The  management  has  already  given 
cders  for  lumber  and  brick,  and  these 
will  be  sent  in  at  once  and  the  work  of 
grading  will  soon  be  begun.  The  smeltery 
will  be  of  800-tons  capacity,  consisting  of 
two  blast  furnaces  of  400  tons  each.  A 
reverberatory  furnace  and  a  converter 
plant  are  under  consideration.  Electric 
power  will  be  obtained  from  one  of  the 
power  companies  for  operating  the  blow- 
ers and  other  machinery.  It  is  the  in- 
tention to  treat  400  tons  of  Mason  Val- 
ley ore  and  400  tons  of  custom  ore 
daily.  The  company  has  a  contract  with 
the  Nevada-Douglas  for  the  treatment  of 
10,000  tons  of  ore  per  month.  It  is 
expected  that  after  crediting  the  earnings 
derived  from  custom  smelting,  the  cost 
of  producing  copper  will  not  be  more 
than  eight  cents  per  pound. 

The  engineers  are  now  figuring  on  a 
tramway  from  the  mine  to  the  Copper 
Belt  railroad.  This  line  would  be  1  '4. 
niiles  in  length  and  have  a  difference  in 
elevation  of  600  ft.  from  ore  bins  at  the 
mine  to  the  railroad.  The  line  will  have 
a  capacity  of  100  tons  per  hour,  and 
should  handle  the  material  in  an  eight- 
hour  shift. 


Tunnel  Driving    at  Record  Speed 

Special  Correspondence 

The  work  on  the  Laramie  Poudre  res- 
ervoir project  is  being  rushed  by  the  con- 
tractor, who  wins  a  bonus  of  S300  per 
day  for  each  day  gained  in  completing 
12,000  ft.  of  tunnel  under  the  two-year 
contract.  During  the  past  five  months  a 
distance  of  4260  ft.  of  tunnel  has  been 
finished.  In  the  month  of  May  a  dis- 
tance of  513  ft.  was  driven  from 
the  east  portal  of  the  tunnel.  This 
established  a  new  record  for  hard-rock 
tunnel  driving,  and  in  the  month  of  Aug- 
ust 527  ft.  was  driven  in  the  same  head- 
ing, beating  the  May  record  by  14  ft.  The 
work  was  under  the  supervision  of  the 
contractor's  son.  Jay  McIIwee,  who  is 
only  21  years  old. 

McIIwee  gained  his  first  reputation  in 
driving  the  deep-drainage  tunnel  at  Crip- 
ple Creek  at  a  rapid  rate  of  speed,  after 
five  contracting  firms  had  thrown  it  over. 

The  drills  used  in  doing  this  work  are 
a  Colorado  product  and  manufactured  by 
the  Leyner  Engineering  Company,  of 
Denver,  Colo.  Three  No.  8  air  drills  are 
used  on  a  horizontal  bar  in  each  heading 
and  the  cut  holes  are  drilled  12  ft.  deep 
with  the  balance  of  the  holes  10  ft.  deep. 
Du  Pont  and  Independent  powder  are 
used  in  blasting.  Seven  l'-ix8-in.  sticks  of 
100  per  cent,  powder  are  placed  in  the 
bottom  of  each  of  the  cut  holes  and  are 
tamped  w^ithin  2'<  ft.  of  the  collar  of 
the  holes  with  60  per  cent,  powder. 

A  report  has  just  come  from  Vergis 
G.  Coy,  assistant  chief  engineer  for  the 
irrigation  company,  to  the  effect  that  485 
ft.  were  driven  on  the  east  end  of  the 
tunnel  for  the  month  of  September.  The 
rock  in  which  the  tunnel  is  being  driven 
is  of  a  close-grain  red  and  gray  granite 
and  requires  the  strongest  powder  'o 
break  it.  Mr.  McIIwee  is  claimed  to  be 
the  first  man  to  use  100  per  cent,  powder 
in  rock  work.  This  powder  was  manufac- 
tured by  the  du  Pont  company  for  spring- 
ing oil  wells,  but  it  also  proves  advantag- 
eous in  breaking  hard  granite  rock. 

The  Laramie  Poudre  Reservoir  and  Ir- 
rigation Company  project  is  the  second 
largest  in  the  Western  States.  It  is  es- 
timated that  it  will  cost  $5,100,000  to 
bring  the  water  from  the  Laramie  river 
through  the  tunnel  to  the  Cache  la 
Poudre  river  and  on  down  to  Greeley, 
where  it  will  irrigate  125,000  acres. 


The  importations  of  diamonds  and 
other  precious  stones  into  the  United 
States  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  31, 
1910,  were  valued  at  approximately 
$47,800,000,  according  to  the  Bureau  of 
Statistics.  Importations  for  the  year  1907 
were  ,$42,500,000,  while  in  1900  only 
$14,200,000  worth  of  precious  stones 
were    imported. 


October  22,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


809 


Assay  of  Arsenical  Nickel   Cobalt  Silver  Ore 


BY  DENISON  K.  BULLENS  * 


The  chief  difficulties  in  the  assay  of  ore 
from  the  Cobalt  district  are:  (1)  Samp- 
ling; (2)  the  high-silver  content  and 
(3l  the  presence  of  nickel,  cobalt  and 
arsenic.  The  ore  from  the  Cobalt  district 
constitutes  a  class  in  itself  and  cannot 
be  accurately  sampled  by  ordinary  meth- 
ods, due  largely  to  the  presence  of  na- 
tive silver  or  silver-arsenical  alloys  which 
are  unevenly  distributed.  With  high-grade 
ore  of  this  type  the  common  methods  of 
mechanical  or  hand  sampling  will  not 
give  a  correct  sample. 

Sampling  of  Cobalt  Silver  Ore 

There  are  two  general  systems  char- 
acteristic of  Cobalt  high-grade  ore  samp- 
ling now  in  use,  and  as  types  there  may 
be  considered  that  method  in  vogue  at 
Copper  Cliff'  and  that  used  by  a  New 
York  concern".  The  former  method  is  as 
follows: 

The  ore  is  weighed  when  received,  and 
crushed  with  a  Buchanan  jaw-crusher. 
After  a  small  shovelful  for  a  moisture 
sample  has  been  taken,  the  ore  is  dried 
on  steam  drying  plates,  fed  to  an  Allis- 
Chalmers  ball  mill  and  ground  through 
a  20-mesh  screen.  The  ore  as  it  passes 
through  the  screen  is  automatically 
sampled  with  a  27-in.  Snyder  sampler 
which  cuts  out  a  1  10  portion.  Fifty  per 
cent,  of  the  milled  ore  is  finer  than  100 
mesh,  and  80  per  cent,  is  finer  than  50 
mesh. 

The  main  sample  is  shoveled  over 
twice,  coned  and  quartered.  The  two 
parts  thus  obtained  are  treated  as  inde- 
pendent samples,  each  being  coned  and 
quartered  to  100  lb.,  and  from  this  point 
cut  down  with  a  Jones  sampler  to  20 
It.  One  of  the  halves  of  the  final  20- 
Ih.  sample  is  sealed  and  kept  for  future 
I'se.  The  other  sample  is  thoroughly 
dried,  ground  in  a  Sturtevant  disk  grinder, 
assisted  sometimes  by  pebble  mills,  until 
the  fines  pass  through  a  100-mesh  sieve. 
The  fines  and  metallics  are  weighed  and 
sampled  separately,  the  fines  having  been 
mixed  by  one  to  three  hours'  rotation  in 
a  pebble  mill.  The  metallics  remaining 
in  the  ball  mill  after  the  completion  of 
the  run  are  removed,  weighed  and  melted 
and  the  resulting  bullion,  speiss  and 
slag  are  weighed,  sampled  and  accounted 
for  separately.  Mechanical  sampling  is 
I  likewise  employed  at  Deloro  and  Denver 
for  Cobalt  ores. 

'      'Nowton.    Mass. 

i inns'  ■*■  ^"''''  ''""'■•  ^""-  ^""    '""'  •  ^'"'■'■'i. 

\..'A-  "•  I-PdniiT.  Can.  Mlii.  Jntim.,  Vol.  XXX 
1(1900).    p.    3.SS. 


Four  Samples  Taken 

By  the  second  method  the  ore  is  put 
through  a  Blake  crusher  and  crushed  to 
about  1  ;4  in.  The  ore  is  then  passed  on 
to  revolving  screens  with  1-in.  and  '.■- 
in.  holes  respectively.  The  oversize  of 
the  former  goes  back  to  the  crusher  and 
the  oversize  of  the  latter  goes  to  rolls 
set  at  Ju-in.  The  entire  body  of  ore  is 
then  placed  upon  the  sampling  floor  and 
thoroughly  mixed  by  shoveling  into 
ridges,  and  then  divided  into  four  par- 
cels. Each  lot  is  then  coned  and 
quartered  down  to  about  1000  lb.  and  put 
through  rolls  and  mills  until  all  the  ma- 
terial, including  metallics,  will  pass  an 
eight-mesh  screen.  This  ore  is  then 
niixed  by  shoveling  and  put  through  a 
Jones  sampler  and  worked  down  to  35 
or  40  lb.  It  is  then  ground  to  pass  a  20- 
mesh  sieve.  Each  of  the  four  lots  or 
samples  is  worked  down  separately.  The 
further  treatment  of  the  samples  is  then 
very  similar  to  that  described  under  the 
first  method.  The  average  assay  of  the 
four  lots  is  taken  as  the  representative 
and  final  value. 

Assaying  of  Cobalt  Silver  Ore 

The  assay  of  the  Cobalt  ore  may  be 
considered  from  the  standpoint  of  its  sil- 
ver contents  relative  to  the  amount  of 
nickel  and  cobalt  present.  For  this  dis- 
cussion only  two  cases  need  be  con- 
sidered, namely:  U)  High  silver  con- 
tents with  high  nickel  and  cobalt,  and 
(2)  low  silver  contents  with  high  nickel 
and  cobalt.  All  others  may  be  assayed 
by  any  of  the  numerous  methods  for  or- 
dinary ore. 

The  object  of  the  assay  is  to  collect 
the  silver  in  metallic  lead  and  flux  off  the 
nickel  and  cobalt  in  the  slag,  as  the  lat- 
ter impurities  tend  to  pass  into  the  lead 
button,  hindering  cupellation  and  giving 
incorrect  results.  If  nickel  is  present  in 
the  lead  button  to  the  amount  of  0.5  per 
cent.,  a  scum  of  NIO  will  be  left  upon 
the  cupel.  If  over  this  amount,  the  but- 
ton will  finally  become  coated  with  the 
oxide  and  freeze.  In  assaying  we  have 
two  processes  open:  The  crucible  method 
and  the  scorification  method.  In  general 
it  may  be  said  that  the  scorification  assay 
has  the  disadvantage  of  requiring  a  high 
opening-up  heat,  which  tends  toward  a 
possible  loss  of  silver  and  the  use  of  less 
pulp,  which  may  not  give  as  correct  a 
sample  as  would  be  possible  with  the 
larger  weight  of  ore  generally  used  in  the 
crucible  assay.  On  the  other  hand,  cru- 
cible assays  generally  take  less  time  and 
give  higher  results  than  scorification  as- 
says. 


The  impurities  causing  the  most  diffi- 
culty in  the  assay  of  the  Cobalt  silver 
ore  are  nickel,  cobalt  and  arsenic.  These 
may  be  present  as  the  arsenates,  arsen- 
ides, sulphides,  sulph-arsenides,  as  well 
as  secondary  or  decomposition  products 
with  rather  indefinite  characteristics,  re- 
sulting from  the  weathering  of  the  ori- 
ginal minerals. 

Crucible  Assay 

In  the  crucible  fusion  if  the  nickel  and 
cobalt  are  present  as  oxides  or  oxi- 
dation products  the  assay  is  a  compara- 
tively simple  affair,  as  these  oxides  may 
be  held  in  igneous  solution  by  an  excess 
of  litharge,  or  they  may  unite  with  silica 
to  form  silicates;  in  either  case  they  pass 
into  the  slag.  But  if  the  fusion  contains 
iron  sulphides,  or  alkaline  sulphides,  the 
nickel  silicate  thus  formed  may  be  re- 
duced in  part  to  a  nickel  matte  and 
nickel,  the  latter  alloying  with  the  lead. 
If  arsenic  is  present  in  the  fusion,  the 
nickel  silicate  may  be  partially  decom- 
posed and  a  speiss  result.  These  sec- 
ondary interactions  may  be  reduced  to  a 
minimum,  however,  by  making  a  quick 
fusion,  and  by  using  such  precautions  as 
used  with  sulphide  ore. 

Sulphide  Ore  -On  the  other  hand,  and 
much  more  commonly,  the  nickel,  cobalt 
and  arsenic  may  be  present  as  the  origi- 
nal unoxidized  minerals,  such  as  millerite, 
niccolite,  smaltite,  cobaltite  and  mispickel. 
These  will  dissolve  in  an  excess  of  the 
alkali  sulphide  or  flux,  the  nickel  giving 
the  slag  a  brownish  color.  Cobalt  sul- 
phide is  much  more  easily  taken  into 
solution  by  the  slag  than  the  nickel  sul- 
phide. For  sulphide  ore  the  slag  should 
be  below  a  monosilicate,  and  high  in 
soda,  as  basic  slags  have  a  high  solvent 
power  for  the  sulphides  of  the  metals. 
Arsenic  may  also  he  slagged  off  by  an 
excess  of  the  alkali  flux  and  a  low  tem- 
perature. In  order  to  prevent  reduction 
as  far  as  possible,  the  fusion  should  be 
made   quickly. 

Use  of  Litharge — The  question  of 
litharge  has  been  taken  up  by  R.  W. 
Lodge  in  his  paper,'  in  which  he  gives 
the  results  obtained  from  a  series  of  as- 
says upon  rich  arsenide-nickel  and  cobalt 
ores  from  Cobalt,  Ontario.  These  re- 
sults are  uneven  and  low  in  silver  when 
high  litharge  is  used  in  the  crucible  as- 
say, the  silver  apparently  passing  into 
the  slag.  The  unevenness  of  the  results 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  some  ore  carry- 
ing considerable  nickel,  cobalt  and  arsenic 
gave  as  good  results  as  ore  Iow«-in  these 

'•'Till'  icrfpct  of  IIIcli  l.ltlinrKo  In  the  Cnic- 
U<\r  Assiiv  for  .'Jllvor."  Tunis.  A.  I.  Yi.  E.. 
X.WVIII'  (1!:07l.  p.   (i:{s. 


810 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


metals,  while  other  ore  gave  extremely 
varying  results.  When  obliged  to  use 
the  crucible  method  with  ores  contain- 
ing high  nickel,  the  litharge  should  be 
low,  and  such  an  amount  of  ore  be  taken 
that  both  high  litharge  and  niter  are 
avoided. 

Iron — Results  obtained  from  the  use 
of  the  iron  method  show  that,  with  proper 
precautions  of  low  temperature  and  a 
large  excess  of  the  alkali  flux,  this  meth- 
od may  be  used  for  comparatively  high 
arsenide-nickel  and  cobalt  ores,  although 
too  high  nickel  gives  hard  and  brittle 
buttons  which  have  a  tendency  to  scale 
when  hammered. 

Borax — The  use  of  borax  has  been 
found  advisable,  as  it  lowers  the  slag- 
formation  temperature,  thus  lowering  the 
temperature  at  which  the  fusion  must  be 
conducted.  It  also  gives  a  viscous  char^ 
acter  to  the  slag  at  its  formation  point, 
holding  the  lead  globules  in  suspension 
in  the  fusion  until  the  ore  has  been  de- 
composed. 

Charge — The  weight  of  ore  used  in  the 
assay  necessarily  depends  upon  the 
amount    of    nickel,    cobalt    and    arsenic 


TAI'.I.K        SIIOWIM!        IHFI-KRENCK  .     BE- 

TWEEX  ("RI'CIBLE  AXI)   SCORIFI- 

CATION    ASSAYS. 


-  c 

w 

ff'c 

c 

>^ 

Si: 

Si 

II 

3 

III 

Difference  be 

tween  Crucibl 

nd  Scorifacati 

Assays. 

(25 

Oo 

Z 

■<o 

4.32 

2 

3.70 

0.62 

14.3 

8.28 

4 

7 .  65 

0.63 

7.62 

10.84 

4 

10.20 

0.64 

5.90 

11.56 

6 

10.90 

0.66 

5.71 

29,46 

S 

28.3 

1.16 

3 ,  93 

.53.60 

8 

51.56 

2.04 

3.96 

67   42 

5 

65.20 

2.20 

3,30 

V3.6S 

5 

71.30 

2.38 

3.23 

which  the  pulp  contains.  In  ore  in  which 
these  are  large  in  amount,  it  is  found 
that  as  low  as  0.1  assay  ton  or  even  0.05 
assay  ton  of  pulp  must  be  used  to  avoid 
an  excessive  amount  of  the  impurities 
named.  In  the  last  cases,  the  great  ad- 
vantage of  the  crucible  assay  over  the 
scorification   method   is  entirely  offset. 

ScoRiFicATiON  Assay 

In  the  scorification  method  the  aim  is 
to  produce  a  litharge  or  oxide  slag  by 
means  of  an  oxidizing  fusion  with  metallic 
lead.  During  the  melting  period  the 
ore  rises  to  the  surface  of  the  lead  bath, 
and  is  later  attacked  by  the  oxygen  of 
the  air  during  the  roasting  stage.  Oxida- 
tion of  the  impurities  also  takes  place 
during  the  scorification  or  slagging  stage, 
as  the  litharge  (formed  from  the  oxida- 
tion of  the  lead  bath)  gives  up  its  oxygen 
to  the  cobalt,  nickel  and  arsenic,  itself 
being  in  turn  reoxidized  by  the  iron 
oxides  or  directly  by  the  air.  The  oxides 
formed  unite  with  the  silica  or  borax, 
forming  a  fusible  slag.     The  cobalt  and 


nickel  will  color  the  slag  blue  and  black 
respectively,  covering  up  the  yellow  color 
of  the  litharge. 

Charge — The  following  charge  has 
been  found  to  give  good  results:  Ore, 
0.10  assay  ton;  lead,  65-75  grams; 
borax  glass,  3  to  5  grams;  and  silica,  1 
to  3  grams.  Fusion  to  be  made  'at 
medium  heat. 

The  foregoing  paragraphs  apply  to  ore 
containing  both  high  silver  contents  and 
high  impurities.  For  this  class  of  ore 
the  scorification  method  has  shown  it- 
self to  be  the  more  accurate,  giving  more 
even  and  reliable  results.  By  using  a 
correction  assay  for  the  slag,  results 
may  be  obtained  which  closely  approxi- 
mate   the    wet   methods   of   analyses    for 


eft 

4 

J 

03 

c 

3 

O 
3 

J 

< 

2 

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f 

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1 

5 

1 

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Pe 

ncent 

The  Engineoring  j-  Mining  Journc^i' 

Scorification  and  Crucible  Assays 

CO.MPAED 

silver.    These  conclusions  are  based  upon 
work  done  by  numerous  assayers. 

Assaying   Low-grade  Silver  Ore 

But  with  the  decrease  in  production  of 
high-grade  silver  ore,  increased  attention 
has  been  given  to  water  concentration  and 
cyanidation  of  low-grade  material,  so 
that  the  assay  of  the  poorer  ore'  and  mill 
products  now  takes  an  important  stand. 
In  order  to  determine  the  relative  ac- 
curacy of  the  crucible  and  scorification 
methods  of  assaying  Cobalt  ore,  assays 
by  both  methods  were  run  on  low-grade 
ore,  and  products  consisting  of  middlings, 
tailings  and  slimes,  all  of  which  contained 
nickel    and   cobalt    in   varying   amounts. 

Comparison  of  the  Two  Methods 
The  crucible  assays  were  made  with  a 
high    litharge   charge,   the    idea   being   to 


slag  off  the  impurities  by  holding  them 
in  igneous  suspension  in  the  fusion  by 
means  of  a  basic  and  high  litharge  slag. 
This  method  (using  high  litharge)  was 
found  undesirable  in  the  case  of  high 
silver  contents,  but  proved  efficient  for 
low-silver  ore.  The  scorification  assays 
were  made  by  students  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  College,  each  sample  being 
assayed  by  a  number  of  students,  so  that 
check  results  could  be  obtained,  and  the 
personal  equation  eliminated  as  much  as 
possible.  The  results  show  that  the 
crucible-method  results  were  higher  in 
each  case  than  the  average  scorification- 
method  results.  By  plotting  the  per  cent, 
difference  between  the  results  thus  ob- 
tainerd  as  abscissas,  and  the  ounces  of 
silver  per  ton  of  ore  as  ordinates,  the 
accompanying  curve  was  obtained. 

From  the  curve  it  may  be  seen  that  the 
scorification  results  gradually  approach 
the  crucible  method  as  the  silver  con- 
tents increase,  and  from  results  not  here 
given  it  is  seen  that  with  high  silver  con- 
tents it  would  exceed  the  crucible-assay 
results.  Thus,  for  low  silver  with  medium 
or  high  nickel,  cobalt  and  arsenic,  we 
may  conclude  that  the  scorification  assay 
is  inapplicable. 

Conclusions 

For  the  assay  of  silver  ore  from  the 
Cobalt,  Ontario,  district,  1  would  make 
the   following  generalized  statements; 

( 1 )  For  ores  having  high  silver  con- 
tents with  high  nickel,  cobalt  and  arsenic, 
the  scorification  method  is  preferable,  al- 
though the  crucible  method  may  be  used 
if  low  litharge,  high  soda  and  basic  slag, 
quick  fusion  and  low  temperature  be 
observed. 

(2)  For  ores  and  products  having 
low-silver  contents  with  high  nickel  and 
cobalt,  the  crucible  method,  using  high 
litharge,  is  preferable. 


Colorimelric  Estimation  of 
Vanadium 


A  method  is  given  by  A.  W.  Gregory 
(Proc.  Chem.  Soc.)  for  the  estimation 
of  small  quantities  of  vanadium.,  based 
on  the  color  reaction  which  takes  place 
when  a  solution  of  vanadium  in  con- 
centrated sulphuric  acid  is  added  to  a 
solution  of  strychnine  in  the  same  acid. 
A  violet  color  is  first  formed,  and  this 
changes  to  orange.  As  the  latter  color 
is  quite  permanent,  and  is  proportional 
to  the  quantity  of  vanadium  present,  a 
comparison  of  the  color  produced  with 
that  given  by  a  known  amount  of  vana- 
dium under  similar  conditions  indicates 
the  amount  of  vanadium  present  in  the 
solution  tested.  This  test  is  not  given 
by  titanium,  tungsten,  or  molybdenum, 
nor  does  their  presence  in  relatively 
large  quantities  interfere  with  the  forma- 
tion of  the  color  given  by  vanadium.  Iron 
interferes  with  the  reaction  and  must  be 
removed  before  the  test  can  be  applied. 


October  22,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


811 


Voquivo  Mine   and   Mill,    Western   Chihuahua 

Results  of  Two  Years'    Development    at    This    Silver-Gold    Property. 
High-grade  Ore  Shipped  and  Mill  Operating.      Details  of  Mill  Run 


B     Y 


W 


H 


i5     E     A     M     O     N 


The  Yoquivo  mine  is  on  a  small  moun- 
in  stream,  locally  dignified  by  the  title 
Rio  Trinidad."  It  is  40  miles  west  of 
uesta  Prieta.  a  station  on  the  Mountain 
Ivision  of  the  Kansas  City,  Mexico  & 
Tient  railway.  A  good  trail  connects 
ith  the  railway  with  easy  grades. 
The  property  is  controlled  by  two  broth- 
's, J.  S.  Qualey  of  New  York  and  Charles 
ualey  of  Chihuahua.  They  took  hold 
f  the  property  after  it  had  been  aban- 
med  by  its  early  owners  and  while  it 
'-educed  some  excellent  ore  in  the  early 
ays  of  its  history,  it  was  scarcely  more 
lan  a  good  prospect  when  they  bonded 
.  considering  it  worthy  of  an  expendi- 
;re  of  S50,000  in  development.  They 
>sumed  this  venture  as  a  personal  risk, 
he  present  satisfactory  condition  of  the 
roperty  is  due  to  the  manager,  Charles 
ualey,  who   had  the  support  of   R.   V. 


and  about  four  miles  distant  there  is  a 
water-power  site  that  can  be  relied  upon 
for  at  least  nine  months  in  every  year. 
The  situation  is  healthful. 

About  6000  ft.  of  development  has  been 
completed.  The  orebodies  are  at  their 
highest  known  point  900  ft.  above  the 
tunnel  level,  and  winzes  to  a  depth  of  100 
ft.  below  show  excellent  ore.  While  the 
extent  of  the  orebodies  has  not  yet  been 
accurately  defined,  the  management  feels 
confident  of  sufficient  ore  to  run  the 
plant  for  three  years. 

Additional  Equipment  Planned 

Stone  buildings,  well  constructed,  for 
the  salaried  employees,  an  office  for  the 
manager,  another  for  the  assay  plant,  an 
engine  and  boiler  house,  and  a  store 
building  have  been  in  use  for  some  time 
past.    There  is  a  10-stamp  mill,  one  tube 


Yoquivo    Mill,    Western    Chihuahua,  Mexico 


eely  as  mine  superintendent  and  J. 
imkin  as  metallurgist. 
The  property  covers  about  two  miles  in 
ngth  of  a  strongly  cropping  contact  vein 
'  quartz  with  andesite  and  rhyoHte  walls. 
he  general  course  of  the  vein  is  ap- 
oxitnately  north  50  deg.  east.  The  ore- 
'dies  are  variable  in  width  from   14  ft. 

8  ft.  In  addition  to  the  regular  mine 
in  of  ore  large-sized  pockets  of  high- 
■ade  ore  are  found  at  frequent  inter- 
ils. 

The  elevation  of  the  mine-tunnel  en- 
ance  is  6700  ft.  above  sea  level  and 
Ijacent  peaks  rise  to  an  elevation  of 
MO  ft.  The  hills  are  co"ered  with  tim- 
ir.    A  good  supply  of  water  is  at  hand 

•Mlnlne  englneei-.  .Spnitailo  247.  riillnm- 
in.  Mexico. 


mill  and  a  ,SO-ton  cyanide  plant  running. 
The  power  plant  is  of  250  h.p.  and  con- 
sists of  four  boilers  furnishing  steam  to 
two  Chandler-Taylor  engines  which  drive 
the  dynamos  that  supply  power  to  every 
machine  in  the  mill  and  mine,  besides 
lighting  the  buildings  and  the  mine.  The 
foundations  for  doubling  the  capacity  of 
the  power  plant  are  completed.  All  parts 
of  the  property  have  telephone  connec- 
tion with  the  office  of  the  superintendent. 
The  equipment,  in  construction,  consists 
of  an  additional  tube  mill,  increasing  the 
size  of  the  cyanide  plant  to  100  tons; 
the  building  of  a  dam  four  miles  distant, 
for  the  development  of  a  water  power  to 
fake  the  place  of  the  steam  plant  for  nine 
months  in  every  year,  and  the  erection 
of  an  aerial  tramway  which  will  deliver 


at  the  mill  ore  from  every  point  on  the 
property.  All  of  these  improvements  are 
under  way. 

High-grade  Ore  Shipped 
Exploration  was  begun  about  two  years 
ago  and  the  mine  began  shipping  ore  10 
months  ago.  The  mill  was  put  in  opera- 
tion in  July,  1910,  and  the  results  of  the 
fiist  run  and  cleanup  have  just  been  made 
known.  Previous  to  the  starting  of  the 
mill  about  10  shipments  of  assorted  ore, 
in  car  lots,  was  made.  Three  grades  of 
ore  were  shipped ;  the  first  grade  ran 
8000  oz.  of  silver  and  55  oz.  of  gold  to 
the  ton;  the  second  grade  2000  oz.  of 
silver  and  18  oz.  of  gold  and  the  third 
grade  900  oz.  of  silver  and  from  5  to  6 
oz.  of  gold.  Now  that  the  mill  is  run- 
ning it  is  still  considered  advisable  to 
quickly  hand  sort  the  mine  run,  culling 
out  the  high-grade  ore  for  shipment. 

First  Mill  Run 

The  first  lot  run  through  the  mill  was 
650  tons  of  the  regular  mine  run,  after 
culling  out  the  readily  seen  pieces  of 
high  grade,  and  contained  97,979  oz.  of 
silver  and  843  oz.  of  gold,  equivalent  to 
150  oz.  of  silver  and  1.3  oz.  of  gold  per 
short  ton  or  S108  per  ton. 

The  silver  occurs  chiefiy  as  the  sul- 
phide with  some  bromide  and  native  sil- 
ver. The  gold  is  free  but  carries  some 
silver.  The  associated  minerals  are  mala- 
chite, azurite,  chalcopyrite  and  galena; 
these  minerals  run  mostly  with  the  high- 
grade  ore.  By  closer  culling,  the  milling 
ore  can  be  kept  quite  free  from  these 
minerals,  objectionable  in  cyaniding,  leav- 
ing as  a  milling  ore  a  mixture  of  quartz, 
calcite  and  fragments  of  andesite. 

Awaiting  the  completion  of  the  first 
tube  mill  the  entire  burden  fell  upon  10 
Allis-Chalmers  1050-lb.  stamps,  working 
through  a  40-mesh  screen.  The  stamps 
were  dropped  105  times  per  minute,  with 
a  drop  of  5  in.,  using  a  9-in.  chuck  block. 
The  stamp  duty  was  1.25  tons.  The 
cyanide  solution  at  the  start  was  made  3 
per  cent,  but  it  was  soon  increased  to  6 
per  cent,  on  account  of  the  copper  giving 
trouble  in  precipitation. 

There  are  two  No.  3  Overstrom  tables 
in  the  mill,  one  for  each  set  of  stamps. 
The  concentrates  produced  weighed  8228 
tons  and  averaged  5705.6  oz.  of  silver  and 
40.08  oz.  of  gold  per  ton,  or  in  all,  46,945 
oz.  of  silver  and  329  oz.  of  gold,  repre- 
senting an  extraction  by  concentration  of 
47.91  per  cent,  of  the  silver  contents  and 
39.08  per  cent,  of  the  gold.  The  concen- 
trates carried  5  per  cent,  copper. 


812 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


Cyanidinc  with  Pachuca  Tanks  and 
Butters  Filter 

The  pulp  is  thickened  in  a  nest  of  24 
spitzlcasten,  each  4x4  ft.;  the  underflow 
from  these  machines  contains  30  per  cent. 
of  solids  and  is  carried,  by  gravity,  to  3 
Pachuca  tanks,  26x10  ft.  The  clear  over- 
flow is  pumped  back  to  the  mill  storage 
tanks.     Each  charge  is  agitated  about  40 

CYCLE   OF  FILTERING  OPER.ATION. 


Filling  filter  box 

Taking  on  cake 

Removing  surplus 

Filling  with  solution 

Washing  with  solution 

Removing  surplus 

Filling  with  water 

Washing  with  water 

Throwing   off   cake*  and  dis- 
charging  


In. 
Vacuum. 


5 
14 


*Tlie  cake  is  thrown   off  under  a  pressure  of   20 
ft.  head. 


hours  and  is  them  passed  to  a  cone  stor- 
age tank  and  from  there  passed  to  a  30- 
leaf  Butters  filter.     In  the  filter  press  the 


average  thickness  of  the  cake  was  34  in. 
and  the  cycle  was  3  hr.  40  min.,  as  shown 
in  the   accompanying  table. 

The  metals  are  precipitated  by  zinc 
dust  and  are  pumped  into  a  Shriver, 
24x24,  filter  press.     At  first  zinc  shavings 

EXTRACTIO.NI    .\T    YOQUIVi.)   MILL. 


Oz.  of 
Silver. 


n5  bars,  containing.!  -tS.569 .  44 49 .  .57 .500 .  46i.59 .  .32 

Concentrates 146.940.50  49.91329.74,39.08 

Residues,  carrving.     2.463.10    2. .52    13.471   1.60 
Total  extraction.  .     97.48 9.8.40 


Per 
Cent 


Oz.  of  I   Per 
Gold.    Cent. 


only  were  used  but  this  was  early 
changed  to  zinc  dust  and  the  tails  from 
the  press  run  through  a  zinc  box.  By 
this  means  a  rich  product  was  obtained, 
the  greater  part  of  the  copper  passing  to 
the  zinc  box.  The  press  precipitates  were 
thoroughly  dried  and  found  to  contain  80 
per  cent,  of  bullion  of  an  average  fine- 
ness of  0.936.  The  precipitates  are  melted 
with  the  usual  fluxes  in  a  Faber  du  Faur 
furnace  and  the  resulting  bars  shipped 
without  remelting. 


Throughout  the  run  the  silver  in  the 
washer  and  press  tails  was  estimated  by  a 
solution  of  sodium  sulphide;  a  few  drops 
of  this  solution  added  to  100  c.c.  of  the 
solutions  to  be  tested  denotes  the  silver 
contents  sufficiently  close  for  all  practical 
purposes.  In  using  this  method  only  an 
occasional  solution  assay  is  needed  as  a 
check;  the  results  obtained  by  the  so- 
dium sulphide  agree  closely  with  a  20 
a.t.  assay. 

The  consumption  of  cyanide  was  1.6 
parts  to  each  part  of  silver  and  the  lead 
acetate  consumed  was  K-  lb.  per  ton 
crushed. 

The  plant  throughout  is  driven  by  in- 
dividual motors.  When  the  first  tube  mill 
was  put  in  commission  the  stamps  were 
only  required  to  crush  through  a  20-mesh 
screen  and  when  the  second  tube  mill  is 
in  commission  the  screen  mesh  will  be 
made  12-  and  possibly  10-mesh.  With  a 
20-mesh  screen  the  stamps  handle  4  tons 
per  stamp. 

The  concentrates  and  high-grade  ore 
are  shipped  to  the  smeltery  at  Chihuahua, 
while  the  bullion  is  sent  to  Monterey. 


A  Brief   Method   for   Calculating  Interest 

BY  JAMES  J.  SMITH 


In  the  November  bulletin  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  there 
is  a  paper  entitled,  "A  Method  of  Calcu- 
lating Sinking  Funds  and  a  Table  of 
Values  for  Ordinary  Periods  and  Rates  of 
Interest,"  by  J.  B.  Dilworth,  of  Philadel- 
phia. It  consists  of  an  algebraic  method 
for  such  calculations,  with  examples.  The 
subject  is  of  some  interest  to  me  because 
I  recently  had  to  do  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  figuring  of  this  kind.  I  found  a 
brief  method  which,  although  of  greater 
accuracy  than  the  ordinary  methods  for 
iiidustrial  operations,  may  not  necessarily 
be  acceptable  in  purely  financial  transac- 
tions. 

The  method  does  away  with  periods  at 
which  payments  shall  be  made  and  in- 
terest added,  and  carries  on  the  whole 
operation  continuously.  This  is  obviously 
correct  when  the  earning  power  of  a 
property  is  being  estimated  for  a  given 
term  of  years;  for,  in  practice,  the  income 
would  not  be  held  for  six  months  or  a 
year  and  then  banked,  but  would  bank  as 
fast  as  possible  and  its  value  to  the  owner 
would  begin  at  the  time  of  its  receipt. 

Interest  is  treated  the  same  way,  for 
the  following  reasons:  (1)  That  in  ordi- 
nary banking  practice  it  is  added  in  every 
time  a  depositor's  book  is  balanced,  or 
at  the  end  of  the  minimum  period  of 
compounding  in  saving  funds;  (2)  con- 
venience of  calculation,  as  will  be  shown; 


(3)  because  the  difference  is  inconsider- 
able in  all  ordinary  cases.  This  statement 
will  be  a  surprise  to  many,  but,  if  one 
dollar  be  compounded  at  6  per  cent,  in- 
terest for  20  years  at  12,  6,  4,  3,  2  and  1 
month  intervals  and  continuously,  the 
amounts  will  be,  S3.207,  S3.262,  S3.281, 
S3.291,  $3,304,  $3,310  and  $3.32,  respec- 
tively. 

It  will  be  seen  that  at  the  end  of  20 
years  the  increase  from  annual  to  semi- 
annual is  5.5  per  cent,  of  the  original 
sum,  while  that  from  semi-annual  to 
monthly  is  5.8  per  cent,  and  less  than  2 
per  cent,  of  the  final  sum. 

Such  slight  differences  are  insignificant 
in  evaluating  mining  properties  and  the 
divergence  from  the  accepted  semi-annur.I 
method  is  far  within  the  limit  of  error 
possible  in  the  fundamental  data  of  value, 
even  leaving  out  of  account  that  in  largo 
transactions  interest  commonly  occurs 
and  is  added  in  at  much  less  than  semi- 
annual periods  in  ordinary  commercial 
life. 

Formulas  Derived  for  Calculating 
Interest  and  Principal 

Granting  the  correctness  of  the  con- 
tinuous method  we  may  derive  two  for- 
mulas that  cover  all  possible  cases.  Let 
S  be  the  final  sum;  S,  the  original  sum 
when  there  are  no  annual  payments  or 
additions  other  than  interest;  a,  the  rate 


at 


of  interest  expressed  as  a  decimal;  /,  the 
time  in  years,  and,  for  convenience  of  ex- 
pression, let  tog.—'x  be  the  number  whose 
log.  is  X,  in  the  same  way  that  sin.  —  '> 
represents  the  arc  whose  sin.  is  x.    Ther 

5  ^        S 

^  =  at;  or -p- 

All  logarithms  used  are  naperian  or  nat 
ural,  of  which  tables  are  found  in  al 
engineers'  handbooks.  They  are  commoi 
logarithms  divided  by  2.30258. 

To  find  what  any  sum  amounts  to  a 
the  end  of  a  given  period  with  a  give: 
rate  of  interest,  we  have  a  and  /  anc 
their  product  gives  the  logarithm  to  bi 
sought  in  the  table.  The  number  cor 
responding  to  this  gives  the  ratio  b; 
which  to  multiply  the  original  sum  to  fine 
the  final  one.  For  instance,  in  the  casi 
above,  with  6  per  cent,  and  20  years  wc' 
have,  at  =  0.06  X  20  =  1.20,  and  tht- 
number  of  which  this  is  the  logarithm  i 
3.32,  as  given,  for  the  sum  to  which  $ 
would  amount  under  these  conditions,  a* 
shown  above. 

In  the  case  of  a  certain  annua!  sum  H 
paid  continuously,  the  other  symbols  re 
maining  as  before,  we  have: 


loo.  (  ^ 


o  S 
al,  or  -£r  ^= 
A. 


(to,;.   — '  a/)—  I, 
Hence 5=  ~  [(log.  -i  a/)-i] 


October  22,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


813 


his  does  not  look  as  simple  as  it  really 
,  because  log  — ^  at  is  a  number  taken 
irect  from  the  table.  An  example  will 
■mnnstrate  better  than  a  page  of  ex- 
an.ition.  Suppose  520,000  annually  be 
It  at  4'.'  per  cent,  compound  interest  for 
i  \cars.    ^X'hat  will  be  the  whole  amount 

the  end  of  that  period? 

Now  a  =  0.045,  f  =  21,  af  =  0.945, 
nd  /og.— '0.945  =  2.573;  whence  S  = 

ii^y  1.573  =  $699,111.    On  the  other 

).045 

ind.  if  the  problem  be  to  find  the  time  in 

liich  a  given  sum  per  year  will  equal  a 

itain    stated    sum,    the    solution    is    as 

vple  and  easy. 

npose  a  given  sum,  say  8250,000,  be 
J,  how  soon  will  it  be  paid  off  with 
ttrest  at  6  per  cent,  by  payments  of 
!3,000  per  year,  made  at  such  short  in- 
rvals  as  to  be  virtually  continuous?  The 
tercst  on  $250,000  at  6  per  cent,  is 
-nOO  and  of  the  $23,000  per  annum 
IS  amount  must  go  for  interest  charge, 
aving  $8000  per  annum  to  extinguish 
e  principal. 

Here  5  =  250,000,  K  =  8000  and   a 
a  S  „         /a  S 


given,  I  append  a  simple  derivation  of 
these  by  the  oft-despised  methods  of 
calculus.  In  the  first  case,  let  d  S  be  the 
increment  of  the  sum  S  during  the  indefi- 
nitely short  time  dt.  The  rate  of  increase 
for  a  year  is  a,  the  in'T'-^s*  rate,  and  for 
this  short  time  dt  we  had  dS  =  aSdt, 

=   adt.    Integrating,   we   get  log 


S 


■  log  S: 


at,  or  log  r- 
■->i 


■at.     In  the 


second  case  the  increment  for  the  time  dt 
is  made  up  of  two  parts;  namely,  the  in- 
terestofthesum  S,  which  is  aSdt  as  be- 
fore, and  the  proportion  of  the  annual 
payment  K  for  the  time  dt  which  is 
Kdt. 
Then  we  have  dS  =  aSdt  +  Kdt, 
'■S  =  S, 

S  =  0 


aS  +  K 

i.       When    t=0 


log 
a 


S  =  0    and 

{aS-\-K)   becomes  -  tog    K.     Hence  - 

aS-\-  K 


n  ?^=   ,.875,  ('I^+  ,)  =      =:%('^+i)  =  ^-%(x^+i)=ai 


{log  {aS  +  K) 

faS 


36.      The 


>75.  log.  2.875  =  1.056,  and  /  =  1.056 
0.06  =  17.6  years.  Without  having  a 
ble  designed  for  the  purpose,  I  think 
'thing  could  be  easier  than  this,  consid- 
ing  the  difficulties  of  solving  such  prob- 
-ns  in  the  customary  ways. 

iR  Mining  or  Industrial  Investments 
Tables  Should  Not  Be  Based 
Upon  Sums  Paid  in  Advance 

I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that 

I  the  tables  I  have  seen  for  giving  the 
nount  of  SI  per  year  for  any  number  of 
ars  at  a  , given  rate  of  interest,  specify 
stinctly  SI  "paid  in  advance."  This  is  ab- 
lutely  unfair  in  returns  from  mining  or 
Justrial  investments,  for  the  returns 
om  these  are  not  paid  in  advance,  but 
e  paid  at  a  more  or  less  uniform  rate 
roughout  the  year.  To  credit  the  in- 
""est  on  the  returns  for  a  whole  year,  as 
they  had  been  paid  at  the  beginning  of 
at  year,  is  to  give  a  half-year's  interest 
at  has  not  been  earned  and  to  com- 
und  the  loss  annually. 

This  is  bound  to  work  a  great  injustice 
one  party  or  the  other,  or  to  deceive  an 
vestor  as  to  the  return  he  will  really 
t.  In  brief,  then,  where  settlements  are 
be  made  at  definite  intervals,  of  an 
act  amount  of  money  loaned,  interest 

II  usually  be  computed  as  at  present, 
the  formula  of  Mr.  Dilworth  or  some 

tiilar  one,  but   where  estimates   are   to 
made  of  the  ultimate  financial  result  of 

,  given  business,  extending  over  a  term 

years,   the    formulas   here    given    are 

stiy  quicker  and   more  convenient  and 

ipresent  the   actual   results  more   accu- 

tely. 

For  the   benefit   of   those   who   dislike 

ing  formulas  the  origin  of  which  is  no: 


as  given  above. 

This  shows  the  derivation  to  be  simple 
and  clear. 


Tin  Mining  Stimulated  by 
High  Prices 

London  Correspondence 


While  other  metals,  particularly  cop- 
per, seem  to  be  in  the  doldrums,  tin  has 
continued  active  and  the  recent  corner  in 
spot  tin  forced  the  London  price  up  to 
£166  per  ton. 

About  three  years  ago  this  metal 
reached  the  highest  price  to  which  it  has 
attained  for  many  a  year,  that  is,  some- 
thing over  £200  per  ton,  from  which  higii 
level  it  gradually  fell  to  £130  per  ton  in 
the  earlier  part  of  the  year  1909.  The 
rise  from  this  lower  level  was  at  first 
gradual,  the  greater  part  of  the  difference 
between  that  and  the  present  price  having 
been  effected,  as  stated  above,  quite  re- 
cently. 

Naturally,  to  tin  miners  this  rise  was 
most  welcome.  The  discredit  into  which 
Dolcoath  had  fallen  because  a  dividend 
had  been  passed,  was  more  than  made 
good  and,  looking  farther  afield  the  tin 
mines  in  the  Straits,  as  well  as  those  in 
Cornwall,  advanced  into  greater  favor. 
But,  more  than  these,  the  effect  of  this 
rise  in  price  of  tin  has  been  to  call  at- 
tention to  the  alluvial  tin  fields  of  north- 
ern Nigeria.  In  that  country  it  was  the 
Niger  Company  which  first  began  work- 
ing on  any  scale,  obtaining  from  their 
Taraguta  mine  in  1907  about  185  tons  of 
tin  oxide,  from  which  figure  the  product 


of  this  mine  has  regularly  increased  so 
that  it  is  now  producing  at  about  double 
the  above-mentioned  rate.  In  the  mean- 
time, other  companies  have  become  ac- 
tive, from  which  it  is  reasonable  to  expect 
that  the  output  of  tin  from  this  country 
will  increase. 


Graphite  Mining  in    the    Provinc; 
of  Quebec 


Quebec   Correspondence 

There  is  considerable  activity  in  gra- 
phite mining  in  the  vicinity  of  Bucking- 
ham, Quebec.  A  mill  is  being  erected  on 
the  Stewart  Graphite  property,  6  miles 
from  Buckingham,  on  the  Lievre  river. 
The  capacity  of  the  mill  will  be  5  tons  of 
finished  graphite  per  day.  and  it  is  ex- 
pected an  extraction  of  at  least  8  per  cent 
will  be  effected  from  the  rock,  which  con- 
tains flake  graphite. 

The  Bell  graphite  mines,  owned  by  an 
English  company,  are  being  developed 
extensively  preparatory  to  the  completion 
of  the  mill  which  is  now  in  course  of 
erection.  The  property  is  located  3'.i 
miles  east  of  Buckingham  and  comprises 
several  hundred  acres  of  graphite  lands. 
The  occurrence  of  graphite  is  confined 
to  the  stratified  gneiss  formation,  striking 
almost  north  to  south  and  dipping  70 
deg.  west.  The  main  lode,  on  which  most 
of  the  work  is  being  done,  is  from  4  to 
6  ft.  wide  and  consists  of  flake  graphite 
disseminated  through  the  banded  gneiss; 
the  main  constituents  of  the  ore  are 
quartz,  feldspar,  a  little  lime,  and  iron 
pyrites.  The  mill  will  be  finished  inside 
in  a  few  weeks  and  will  treat  about  70 
tons  of  rock  which  is  expected  to  yield 
from  4  to  5  tons  of  finished  graphite  per 
day.  The  whole  power  plant,  consisting 
of  two  locomotive  boilers  of  250  h.p.  each 
and  a  high-speed  engine  of  150  h.p.,  has 
been   imported   from   England. 

The  Diamond  Graphite  Company,  a 
New  York  corporation,  is  operating  its 
properties  QY;  miles  north  of  Bucking- 
ham. The  mill  has  been  producing  regu- 
larly since  February,  1909,  about  2' '■  tons 
of  flake  graphite  of  No.  1  and  No.  2 
quality  per  day.  The  ore  is  mined  at  a 
distance  of  I'j  miles  from  the  mill  and 
consists  of  disseminated  flake  graphite 
through  a  matrix  of  foliated  gneiss. 

At  the  Amherst  Graphite  property,  80 
miles  northwest  from  Montreal,  belong- 
ing to  "Graphite  Limited,"  a  Montreal 
company,  the  main  shaft  is  down  75  ft.; 
at  100  ft.  a  drift  will  tap  the  orebodies 
toward  the  south  125  ft.  distant.  The 
ore  consists  partly  of  pure  compact  and 
partly  of  disseminated  graphite  through  a 
highly  feldspathic  and  pyroxenic  matrix. 
A  great  deal  of  the  graphite  is  associated 
with  wollastonite  (CaSiO,).  The  erection 
of  a  milling  plant  on  the  property  is  un- 
der consideration. 


814 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,   1910. 


Agglomerating   Ore   Fines  and  Flue  Dust' 

Production  of  Flue  Dust  a  Function  of  Velocity  and  Temperature  of  the 
Gases.       Process  Produces  a  "Chemical  Briquet"  in  a  Mechanical  Form 


BY        HERBERT        HAAS 


Putting  ore  fines  in  proper  physical 
condition  for  blast-furnace  smelting  is  a 
subject  which  has  always  received  the 
attention  of  blast-furnace  managers,  as 
is  evinced  by  the  variety  of  means  pro- 
posed to  accomplish  this  purpose. 

Briquetting  had  at  one  time  been  in- 
troduced extensively  in  most  copper 
and  lead  smelteries,  but  the  unsatisfac- 
tory product  obtained  coupled  with  its 
high  cost  finally  led  to  its  rejection.  Oc- 
casionally favorable  circumstances  make 
briquetting  commercially  successful;  thus 
at  one  works  they  have  a  supply  of  argil- 
laceous ores,  which  furnish  an  excellent 
bond  for  the  dry  ore  fines  and  dust. 

Where  concentrating  mills  are  located 
in  close  proximity  to  the  smelting  works, 
the  slimes  produced  in  the  ore-dressing 
operations  can  be  used  for  agglutinating 
the  fine  dry  ores  and  dust  by  passing  the 
m.ixture  through  a  pug  mill  and  then 
through  an  auger  machine.  This  practice 
is  used  at  the  Washoe  works. 

For  clinkering  copper  and  lead  ores 
the  rotary  kiln  is  out  of  the  question  on 
account  of  the  large  metal  losses  such 
practice  would  entail.  Moreover,  the 
cross-sectional  area  of  the  kiln  being  re- 
stricted, and  the  escaping  gases  of  a  high 
temperature,  they  would  carry  with  them 
fine  particles  of  ore,  and  chambers  or 
filters  would  be-  required  to  collect  the 
dust. 

The  Groen'dal  Process 

The  Groendal  process  of  briquetting 
and  clinkering  the  bricks,  is  reported  to 
be  in  successful  operation  in  Europe  in 
treating  magnetite  concentrates  (the  pro- 
duct from  magnetic  separation).  In  this 
process  the  fine  ore  is  compressed  in 
powerful  machines.  The  bricks  are  loaded 
on  steel  trucks  covered  with  a  refractory 
insulating  material.  These  are  transferred 
to  a  kiln  or  clinkering  furnace  to  be  sub- 
jected to  a  high  temperature,  usually 
created  by  producer  gas  or  waste  gas 
from  iron  blast  furnaces,  and  are  re- 
moved when  clinkered.  The  latter  part 
of  the  process  is  not  essentially  diH'erent 
from  that  of  ordinary  brick  burning.  The 
briquetting  of  the  iron  ore  is  an  expen- 
sive operation  and  cannot  be  compared 
with  the  highly  efficient  and  cheap  pro- 
cess of  pugging  in  combination  with  the 
large  capacity  of  the  auger  machines  in 
brick  manufacture. 

It  is  evident  that  the  cost  of  briquetting 
by     the     Groendal     process     will     not 

•Snpci-Intpndcnt.  McXamara  Minlns;  Com- 
p.iny,  ToiKjpah,   Nev. 


differ  from  that  in  plunger  and  toggle 
presses  used  in  copper  and  lead  smelter- 
ies. Furthermore,  the  added  expense  of 
heating  the  kilns,  which  with  the  high 
cost  of  fuel  at  some  of  the  Western 
smelteries,  is  an  important  item. 

Factors    Influencing   the    Production 
OF  Flue  Dust 

Before  describing  my  process  of  sinter- 
ing ore  fines,  it  may  be  well  to  consider 
the  causes  that  influence  the  production 
of  flue  dust.  The  source  of  flue  dust 
generally,  is  the  charging  into  the  furnace 
of  pulverulent  ores  without  previously 
putting  them  into  proper  physical  condi- 


ature  may  drop  to  100  deg.  C.  immedi- 
ately after  charging  fresh  stock,  it  alsc 
increases  to  as  much  as  600  deg.  C.  be- 
fore charging  again,  with  a  rise  in  veloc- 
ity to  1100  ft.  per  min.  In  the  downtakes 
the  velocities  are  usually  from  1000  tc 
1500  ft.  per  min.  It  is  at  once  apparent 
that  at  such  speeds  any  dust  in  suspen- 
sion will  be  carried  over  into  the  dusi 
chambers  and  unless  the  speed  there  is 
reduced  to  fully  400  ft.  per  min.,  some  ol 
the  dust  will  find  its  way  into  the  at- 
mosphere. The  more  modern  works  em- 
body in  their  flue  construction  a  shor 
flue  with  a  large  cross-sectional  area  tc 
reduce  the  speed  of  the  gases  to  200  ft 


2n«  fWin'nvntv  ^JUtntnff  JiWjiA 


The  Haas  Sintering  Bowl 


tion.  But  given  the  same  physical  char- 
acter of  ore,  more  flue  dust  will  be  made 
in  the  copper  furnace  than  in  the  lead 
furnace.  In  the  copper  furnace  the 
burden  is  kept  low,  as  a  rule,  to  increase 
oxidation  and  burn  off  the  sulphur.  This 
tends  to  create  hot  tops.  Thus  the  aver- 
age temperature  of  the  copper-furnace 
waste  gases  at  the  throat  is  fully  300 
deg.  C. 

Owing  to  the  small  bosh  in  copper-fur- 
nace construction,  the  cross-sectional 
area  at  the  throat  is  but  slightly  larger 
than  that  at  the  tuyeres.  The  high  tem- 
perature and  limited  area  produce  high 
gas  velocities,  which  at  the  throat  are 
fully  750  ft.  per  min.     While  the  temper- 


per  min.  It  is  far  more  effectual  in  pre 
cipitating  dust  than  a  long  one  witl^ 
limited  cross  section  and  corresponding 
ly  higher  speeds.  After  the  dust  has  beet 
settled  there  is  no  harm  in  having  aspeec 
of  600  ft.  per  min.  at  the  stack  entrance 
On  the  other  hand,  in  lead  smeltln( 
a  strongly  reducing  atmosphere  is  de 
sired.  This  is  secured  by  having  a  large 
bosh  a  short  distance  above  the  tuyere: 
(8  to  18  in.  in  4  to  6  ft.)  and  sloping  fur 
nace  walls  (in  modern  lead  furnaces  ai 
much  as  '  :•  in.  in  12  in.  vertical  hight) 
and  carrying  a  high  burden.  In  certaii 
cases  when  producing  calcareous  ylags 
the  burden  is  carried  20  ft.  deep-  Thus 
while  the  ratio  of  hearth  area  to  that  a 


October  22,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


815 


lie  throat  is  1:1.2  or  1:1.3  in  the  copper 
urnace,  it  is  1 :2  in  the  modern  lead 
jrnace.  A  requisite  of  successful  lead- 
irnace  operation  is  the  prevention  of  hot 
ips  with  its  attendant  oxidation  of  the 
ad  causing  high  silver  and  lead  losses. 
1  good  practice  the  average  temperature 
f  the  waste  gases  in  lead  smelting 
lould  not  e,\ceed  150  deg.  C.  at  the 
iroat.    The  top  should  be  "cold." 

IR  Requirements  Per  Ton  of  Burden 
THE  Same 

Thus  in  the  lead  furnaces  there  is  a 
rge  cross-sectional  area  at  the  throat 
id  a  low  temperature  of  the  ouigoing 
ises,  which  are  the  determining  factors 

reducing  the  gas  velocity.  But  atten- 
on  must  be  called  to  the  fact  that  the 
r  requirements  of  the  lead  and  copper 
irnace  per  ton  of  burden  smelted  are 
•actically  the  same,  for  the  smaller 
nount  of  coke  burned  in  copper  smelt- 
g  compared  with  lead  smelting,  a  larger 
nount  of  sulphur  has  to  be  oxidized, 
'ith  a  deficiency  in  sulphides,  the  coke 


riodical  slips,  and  other  difficulties,  all 
attributable  to  the  fines. 
Capacity  a  Function  of  Volu.me  and 
Not  Pressure  of  Air 
The  physical  condition  of  the  charge 
has  a  direct  bearing  on  the  blast  pres- 
sure used.  While  large  furnaces  have 
large  burdens  and  are  proportionately 
wider  at  the  tuyeres,  and  the  power  of 
penetration  of  the  blast  has  to  be  in- 
creased by  an  increase  in  pressure,  mere 
pressure,  however,  does  not  increase  cap- 
acity. Pressure  is  primarily  a  function 
of  resistance.  It  is  the  volume  of  air 
blown  into  a  furnace  in  a  unit  of  time  and 
the  rapidity  with  which  the  coke  and  sul- 
phur are  burned  that  determine  capacity.' 
The  physical  and  chemical  composition 
of  the  charge  affect  speed  more  than 
either  pressure  or  volume  of  air.  With  a 
properly  prepared  charge,  from  which  all 
fines  have  been  removed  and  sintered, 
fully  25  to  30  per  cent,  greater  speed 
can  be  obtained  with  less  coke  on  the 
burden,  and  greatly  reduced  pressure  and 
\olume   of  air. 


The  practice  of  charging  fine  and 
coarse  ore  directly  into  the  furnace,  and 
then  treating  the  flue  dust,  approaches 
this  subject  in  a  roundabout  way.  The 
furnace  is  not  operating  under  the  most 
efficient  conditions  possible  with  the  re- 
sult that  large  quantities  of  dust  have  to 
be  rehandled,  frequently  amounting  to 
from  7  to  10  per  cent.  In  some  instances 
the  dust  is  recharged  as  part  of  the  bur- 
den. In  another  instance  two  parts  of 
flue  dust  to  one  of  calcines  are  smelted 
in  a  reverberatory  furnace.  This  flue 
dust  results  from  feeding  a  large  por- 
tion of  fines  and  concentrates  directly  into 
the  blast  furnace. 

Sintering  to  Produce  a  Suitable 
Charge  for  Blast  Furnaces 

The  process  of  sintering  I  here  pro- 
pose is  applicable  to  copper  and  lead  ores 
and  depends  on  the  heat  generated  by  the 
oxidation  of  sulphides  to  agglomerate 
with  them  any  ore  fines  and  dust.  From 
8    to    12    per   cent,    sulphur    suffices    for 


Haas  Furnace  in  Operation 


Discharging  the  Sinter 


The  Agglomerated  Sinter 


;ed  in  copper  smelting  must  be  in- 
eased,  and  there  is  also  fully  twice  as 
rge  a  capacity  per  square  foot  of  hearth 
ea  at  the  tuyeres,  as  in  lead  smelting, 

that  practically  double  the  quantity  of 
is  is  made  in  the  unit  of  time,  the  vol- 
ne  of  which  is  further  greatly  aug- 
ented  by  the  high  temperature.  For 
ese  reasons  the  gas  velocity  at  the 
roat  of  the  copper  furnace  is  from  750 

1100  ft.  per  min.,  while  at  the  throat 

the  lead   furnace  it  is  only   from    IM) 

200  ft.  per  minute. 

These,  then,  are  the  factors  influencing 
e  formation  of  flue  dust  in  the  copper 
id  lead  furnace.  The  lead  smelter 
eads  fine  ores  not  so  much  because  of 
e  flue  dust  they  produce,  as  for  the  ir- 
gularities  they  cause  in  smelting.  Large 
iiantities  of  flue  dust  are  made  only 
hen  blow-holes  occur.  These,  however, 
e  the  direct  result  of  the  irregular,  un- 
I'en  descent  of  the  burden,  the  forma- 
pn  of  accretions,  the  packing  of  the 
.large,  sifting  of  fines  in  front  of  the 
jiyeres,  the  hanging  of  the  stock  with  pe- 


lt can  be  said  that  the  furnace  sets  its 
own  pace.  In  iron  smelting,  where  pres- 
sures are  much  higher  than  in  copper 
smelting,  the  tonnage  smelted  per  square 
foot  of  hearth  area  is  much  less.  The 
burden  capacity  of  the  iron  blast  fur- 
nace approaches  more  nearly  that  of  the 
lead    furnace. 

As  the  physical  condition  of  the  charge 
greatly  influences  the  smelting  speed,  and 
this  has  an  important  bearing  on  costs, 
the  rational  way  of  coping  with  the  flue- 
dust  nuisance  is  to  separate  all  material 
smaller  than  '4  in.  from  the  coarse,  and 
put  it  into  proper  condition  before  charg- 
ing into  the  furn.'>ce.  At  some  works. 
(Balaklala,  Bullv  Hill),  this  is  done:  the 
fine  ores,  when  sulphides,  are  roasted  in 
MacDougal  furnaces  and  then  smelted  in 
a  reverberatory  with  the  small  amount 
of  dust  made  in  the  roasting  and  blast- 
furnace  operations. 


'It  mnv  lip  of  Intprest  to  note  hpro  Hint 
with  the  rhonii  tiiodnptlon  of  oxyeon  by 
I.inili''s  niul  riii\ifli''s  procpssps.  It  tins  lippii 
proiiosnrl  to  pnrlrli  thp  nlr  nspd  In  snipltlne 
with  (ixyi,'pn  and  (hereby  Intensify  the  rate 
of    smpltlnR. 


this  operation.  Where  there  is  a  de- 
ficiency in  sulphur,  coal  or  coke  dust  or 
screenings  will  supply  this  want.  The 
heat  derived  from  the  oxidation  of  the 
sulphides  fuses  and  sinters  the  particles 
into  a  scoriaceous  mass.  The  product 
is  broken  up  and  is  then  in  the  most  de- 
sirable form  for  the  blast  furnace. 

The  fine  ore  is  screened  from  the 
coarse,  and  all  fines,  flue  dust  and  concen- 
trates mixed  as  nearly  as  possible  in 
such  proportions  that  the  resulting  sinter 
will  be  a  finished  blast-furnace  charge, 
which  on  account  of  its  peculiar  cellular 
structure  admirably  facilitates  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  metals  in  the  blast  furnace. 
The  coarse  ores  are  bedded  independent- 
ly of  the  fines,  or  stored  in  bins  and 
drawn  in  the  requisite  amounts  for  a 
blast-furnace  charge.  As  the  sinter  is 
already  a  finished  blast-furnace  charge, 
it  would  not  enter  into  the  charge  calcu- 
lations, but  would  be  distributed  equally 
among  the  furnaces.  This  would  simplify 
blast-furnace  practice,  increase  fuel  ef- 
ficiency,   accelerate    the    furnace    speed, 


816 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


and   lower  smelting   costs   all   along  the 
line. 

The  sinter  will  reduce  the  amount  of 
dust  made  and  what  dust  is  made  can 
be  treated  under  the  most  favorable  con- 
ditions. It  will  thus  readily  be  seen  that 
this  "chemical  briquetting"  is  far  supe- 
rior to  the  mechanical  pressing  of  fines. 
The  product  is  an  intimate  mixture  of 
small  clinkered  metal  and  gangue  par- 
ticles, with  CaO,  SiO.,  FeS,  FeO,  Cu.S, 
etc.,  in  close  proximity  and  by  reason  of 
their  small  individual  volumes  offering 
a  larger  surface,  hence  larger  contact  to 
each  other.  They  are  therefore  in  the 
most  favorable  condition  for  reaction  and 
this  partially  explains  the  accelerated 
speed.  Fritted  together,  they  are  a  me- 
chanical mixture  of  the  slag  and  metal 
constituents,  which  on  melting  separate 
into  the  chemical  double  silicate  of  iron 
and  lime  and  the  reduced  metal. 

When  the  method  is  used  for  agglom- 
erating copper  concentrates,  it  is  con- 
ducted purely  as  a  sintering  process.  The 
roasting  of  the  sulphides  is  prevented  by 
sintering  while  the  copper-iron  sulphides 
are  fused  into  a  solid  mass.  This  retains 
the  greater  part  of  the  sulphides  unde- 
composed  and  makes  them  available  as 
a  valuable  source  of  heat  in  the  blast  fur- 
nace. The  process  approaches  pyrite 
smelting,  the  only  special  requirement  is 
the  provision  of  quartzose  ores  for  flux- 
ing purposes.  It  may  be  contended  that 
it  is  an  advantage  to  treat  fine  sulphides 
in  pyrite  smelting,  as  these  become  more 
rapidly  oxidized.  It  has  been  my  experi- 
ence that  blocky  massive  pyrite  is  oxi- 
dized readily,  with  a  desulphurization  of 
from  80  to  90  per  cent,  so  long  as  there 
is  a  continuous  reaction  between  SiO: 
and  the  iron  sulphide,  in  the  presence  of 
air,   thus 

SiO..  +  2  FeS=  -f  10  O  = 
2  FeO.SiO..    -f    4  SO. 
It  is  for  this  reason  that  quartz  ores  are 
an  absolute   requisite   in  pyrite  smelting. 
The  higher  the   free  silica  contents,  the 
better. 

Details  of  Haas  Sintering  Apparatus 
The  apparatus  shown  in  an  accompany- 
ing illustration  embodies  a  number  of 
improvements  suggested  by  the  one 
i'sed  at  the  works  of  the  Compania  Metal- 
iirgica  de  Torreon,  at  Torreon,  Mexico. 
Our  improvement  is  the  bowl  of  semi- 
circular cross  section,  6x12  ft.,  with 
beveled  ends.  The  lines  of  the 
bowl  and  the  curvature  of  the  grate 
adopted  are  those  found  to  give  the 
best  results  and  are  an  essential  feature 
to  successful  operation.  The  bowl  is 
made  of  cast  steel  and  has  cast  integral 
with  it.  hollow  trunnions,  through  which 
the  air  is  admitted  to  the  windbox  and 
through  a  number  of  ports  is  diffused  un- 
derneath the  perforated  grate  plates.  The 
grate  is  of  cast  iron  and  made  in  four 
sections.  These  are  held  down  by  bolts 
and  are  supported  by  distance  pieces  of 


IJj-in.  black  pipe,  and  by  a  rim  on  the 
inside  periphery  of  the  bowl. 

For  the  removal  of  ashes  or  fine  ma- 
terial which  may  sift  through  the  grate 
openings,  two  handholes  are  provided  on 
each  long  side  of  the  bowl.  Similar  hand- 
holes  are  in  the  windbox.  The  trunnions 
are  finished  to  16  in.  outside  diameter 
and  rest  on  riding  wheels  of  the  same  di- 
ameter, carried  by  suitable  stands.  One 
pair  of  end  wheels  has  guide  flanges, 
whereas  the  other  pair  has  straight 
treads  to  allow  for  the  free  expansion  and 
contraction  of  the  bowl.  In  the  end  of 
each  trunnion  is  a  spherical  recess  or 
concave  flange,  which  is  finished  to  re- 
ceive the  spherical  male  end  of  the  uni- 
versal air  connection.  The  air  connec- 
tions are  stationary,  the  joint  between  the 


shaft.  The  second  reduction  is  mad 
by  a  steel  worm  and  worm  whee 
and  the  third  reduction  by  a  pinion  mesh 
ing  a  spur  gear  on  the  trunnion  of  th 
apparatus.  The  worm  wheel  and  worr 
run  in  oil  at  points  of  contact.  To  th 
armature  shaft  is  fitted  an  electrically  op 
erated  magnetic  brake.  The  motor  is  op 
erated  with  regulating  and  reversing  cor 
troller,  having  12  steps  forward  and  re 
verse.  This  places  the  apparatus  unde 
absolute  and  instant  control  of  the  op 
erator. 

The  apparatus  is  covered  with  a  sheet 
steel  hood  with  cast-steel  or  cast-iro 
ribbed  heads.  The  steel  roof  of  the  hoo 
is  reinforced  with  angles.  The  middl 
flange  is  for  connection  with  the  gas  flu( 
and  those  at  each  end  for  bolting  to  th 


i 


:Bl4^ngiiumi:iny  .|  Mining  JuiuMi 


A    Bl.AST-ROASTINC    PlANT 


trunnions  and  the  spherical  head  being 
adjusted  by  means  of  screw,  piston  and 
spring.  This  permits  of  tilting  the  ap- 
paratus without  breaking  the  air  connec- 
tions or  moving  the  hood,  which  is  also 
stationary,  and  of  recharging  it  within 
five   minutes   from   the  time  of  dumping. 

Apparatus   Tilted   by    Motors 

The  air  in  this  manner  is  well  distrib- 
uted underneath  the  apparatus,  and  by 
keeping  the  trunnions  cool,  it  avoids  a 
large  decrease  in  the  strength  of  the 
cast  steel.  The  apparatus  is  tilted  at  the 
rate  of  one  revolution  per  minute  by 
means  of  a  10-h.p.,  series-wound  d.c. 
motor,  or  high  torque  induction  motor. 
The  first  reduction  is  made  by  a 
pinion  on  the  armature  shaft  engag- 
ing   a    sp.T    gear    keyed    to    a     worm 


spouts  of  the  sulphide  and  fine-ore  bin 
immediately  above.  On  each  long  sid 
of  the  hood  are  hinged  drop  doors,  whici 
are  placed  in  such  a  way  as  to  give  th 
operator  easy  access  to  any  portion  o 
the  grate  and  apparatus. 

Air  Pressure  and  Volume  Automatic 
ally  Regulated 

As  the  proper  regulation,  of  the  ai 
pressure  and  volume  is  most  important 
and  variations  of  one-half  ounce  ma; 
cause  serious  irregularities  in  the  work 
ing  of  the  charge,  each  apparatus  is  flttet 
with  an  individual  Connersville  positive 
pressure  blower  driven  by  a  3-h.p.  indue 
tion  motor  by  means  of  a  cut  cast-iroi 
gear  and  rawhide  pinion.  Blower  am 
rhotor  rest  on  the  same  bed  plate.  The 
pressure  and  volume  are  regulated  by  f 


October  22,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


817 


iapliragm  pressure  regulator  or  by  an  air 
ell  and  tank.  The  pressure  at  which 
le  apparatus  is  to  operate  for  a  cer- 
lin  length  of  time  being  determined, 
le  regulator  is  set  to  that  pressure,  and 
the  resistance  in  the  sintering  apparat- 
5  should  increase,  the  pressure  is  kept 
t  the  desired  point  by  the  rising  of  the 
ir  bell  or  the  blowing  off  of  the  air  with 
le  diaphragm  regulator.  This  makes  the 
peration  of  the  apparatus  practically  au- 
niatic. 

Ri.MiNG    Furnace    Supplies    Fuel    for 
Sintering  Operation 

To  supply  the  required  fuel  for  the 
;nition  of  the  sulphides  and  the  start- 
ig  of  the  sintering  operation,  a  prim- 
ig  furnace  is  used,  in  which  an  inferior 
jal  is  kept  on  fire.    The  priming  furnace 

a  steel  cylinder,  lined  with  brick,  having 

cast-iron,    perforated    grate     properly 

Supported    over   a   hopper-shaped    ashpit. 

ir  for  burning  the  fuel  is  furnished  by 

fiiiall  fan  or  blower.  The  fuel  hopper 
.  charged  from  a  fuel  bin  above  and  the 
ases  are  conducted  into  the  same  llue 
islem  that  serves  the  roaster  gases.  The 
j?t-iron  top  plate  of  the  furnace  is  water 
ml  d.  One  priming  furnace  serves  10 
laster  units.  When  an  apparatus  is 
jady  to  be  charged  the  blast  is  turned 
n  in  the  priming  furnace  and  when  the 
jel  is  ignited  the  amount  required  to 
iver  the  grate  of  the  sintering  apparatus 
drawn  into  a  scoop  car  and  wheeled 

1  the  apparatus. 

The  fuel,  when  dumped,  is  leveled  over 

.e  grates  and  a  light  blast  is  turned  on 

)   ignite   the   coal   thoroughly,   when  the 

rst    charge    of    about    4000    lb.    of   sul- 

hides  is  dropped  froin  the  ore  and  flue- 

ust  bins  above.    When  this  becomes  hot 

n  top,  the  second  charge  is  dropped  and 

0  on,  until  the  entire  charge  of  10  tons 

;  spread   over  the  apparatus.     Sintering 

ikes  from  6  to  12  hours,  depending  upon 

degree    of   desulphurization    desired. 

-.  with   lead   ores,   when   the   finished 

r   should    not   contain    more    than   2 

cent,  sulphur,  it  requires  from    10  to 

2  hours.  The  chemical  composition  of 
le  charge  also  influences  greatly  the  time 
squired.     Toward  the  end  of  the  opera- 

1  the  charge  is  blown  with  increased 
~ure  to  sinter  it  thoroughly,  after 
li  the  roaster  is  tilted  and  emptied 
;s  contents. 

A  Model  Sintering  Plant  Shown 

An  accompanying  illustration  shows  a 
ectlon  through  a  blast-roasting  and  sin- 
sring  plant  embodying  a  few  novel  fea- 
ures.  With  this  design  it  is  proposed  to 
ivert  all  fine  ores,  concentrates,  and 
•  hat  flue  dust  is  produced,  to  separate 
eds  in  the  proportions  of  a  stock  mix- 
iire.  The  bedding  is  done  with  tricchan- 
:al  spreaders.  From  these  beds  the  ma- 
erirl  is  picked  up  by  power  buckets  or 
hovels  and  charged  into  small  hoppers, 
I'hich   feed   a  conveyer  system  that  de- 


livers the  material  into  revolving  mixers. 
The  mixer  discharges  unto  another  con- 
veyer running  over  the  storage  bin  B 
above  the  sintering  apparatus  C.  Auto- 
matic reversing  trippers  with  spouts  on 
each  side  distribute  the  material  in  the 
bin.  Arc  gates  control  the  supply  of  ore 
through  ore  spouts  to  the  roasters.  The 
stands  supporting  the  roasters  are  carried 
by  structural  steel  framework  some  dis- 
tance above  the  ground  floor,  so  that  the 
sinter,  w-hen  the  apparatus  is  tilted,  will 
fall  10  to  12  ft.,  and  in  falling  break  up. 
It  is  caught  in  a  large  boat  of  steel  plate, 
reinforced  with  rails. 

A  crane  gallery,  being  a  portion  of  the 
building  housing  the  sintering  units,  is 
served  with  a  four-motion  crane,  with 
15-ton  main  hoist  and  3-ton  auxiliary. 
At  one  end  of  the  crane  gallery  is  sta- 
tioned a  33x24-in.  Blake  crusher,  which 
serves  to  break  the  sinter  into  proper- 
sized  pieces  for  the  furnace. 

Sintering   Costs 

The  cost  of  a  plant  along  these  lines, 
equipped  with  20  units  having  a  minimum 
capacity  of  20  tons  per  unit  per  day,  or 
400  tons  per  day  for  the  entire  plant,  two 
primer  units,  crane  gallery  and  crane, 
crushing  plant  for  breaking  sinter,  is  esti- 
mated at  $7500  to  S8000  per  unit,  erected 
at  leading  Western  smelting  centers.  The 
accompanying  table  is  a  liberal  estimate 
of  the  cost  of  sintering  in  such  a  plant, 
with  labor  at  82  per  shift  of  eight  hours, 
or  $6  per  day  of  24  hours. 

COST     PER     TON     01'^     SINTERING     WITH 
400-TON   PLANT. 

FtJEL  ANT)  Labor. 
Fuel  for  primer,  1  per  cent,  on  charge, 

(S    .$2..-0  per  t  on $0,025 

Six    men    for    priminR,    two    per    shift, 

(iJi    .$2 0.03 

One  and  one-hnlf  innn   per  nnit,   @   $2  0.15 

Six     crane     men     fiT     .$2..')0  1  n  nfi 

Three  crane  operators   <d]    $3) "'"" 

Three  foremen   fff   $4 O.or! 

Six   laborers   @   .f 2 0.03 

Power. 

50   horsepower-hours   per   unit   for   air 

(If    Ic.    0.025 

son     horsepower-hours     for     crushing 

sinter    (if    le 0.02 

con     lw)rsepower-hours     for     operating 

erane   dr   Ic 0.015 

Cruslier  repairs,  wear  and  tear,  sup- 
plies,  etc 0.03 

Repair  of  plant,  wear  and  tear,  sup- 
plies,   etc 0.10 

Amortization:    10   per   cent,   on   $8000 

per    unit 0.11 

Interest    on    invested    capital,    5    per 

cent,  on  $SOno  per  unit 0.055 

Total   estimated   cost   of   sintering 

per   ton $0.GSO 

To  this  must  be  added  the  cost  of  bed- 
ding, mixing  and  conveying  the  material 
to  be  sintered,  which  may  vary  from  5 
to  20c.  per  ton,  depending  on  the  mechan- 
ical facilities  provided  for  doing  this 
work.  With  the  time  of  sintering  reduced 
to  eight  hours,  the  above  costs  w^ould  be 
reduced  to  55c.  per  ton.  The  total  cost  of 
bedding,  mixing,  conveying  and  sintering 
should  not  exceed  75c.  per  ton  of  mate- 
rial sintered,  in  a  well  regulated  plant, 
and  with  labor  at  $6  per  24-hour  working 
day.  At  the  Torreon  w^orks,  with  only 
one  unit  in  operation,  and  no  mechanical 


arrangements  for  handling  the  material, 
the  total  average  cost  extending  over  a 
period  of  several  months  was  1.75  pesos. 
The  accompanying  halftones  show  the 
apparatus  at  Torreon  in  operation,  after 
the  discharge  of  the  sinter,  and  the  brok- 
en sinter.  All  of  the  equipment  here  de- 
scribed is  patented  and  protected  by  pat- 
ents pending.  It  is  manufactured  by  the 
Wellman-Seaver-Morgan  Company,  of 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 


Favorable  Mining  Legislation  in 
Cuba 

A  recent  United  States  consular  report 
states  that  the  committee  on  agriculture, 
industry  and  commerce,  of  the  Cuban 
House  of  Representatives,  has  reported 
favorably  a  bill  exempting  mining  claims 
and  properties,  under  exploitation  or  not, 
from  all  national,  provincial  and  munici- 
pal taxes  for  a  period  of  10  years,  and 
extending  this  exeinption  for  a  full  10 
years  to  all  mining  claims  and  properties 
put  in  operation  at  any  time  within  the 
original   10-year  period. 

During  a  period  of  30  years  all  vessels 
entering  Cuban  ports  in  ballast,  coming 
from  any  foreign  or  Cuban  port,  and 
which  clear  with  a  cargo  of  minerals  or 
other  products  of  Cuban  mines,  are  to  be 
entitled  to  the  remission  of  one-half 
of  the  port  and  tonnage  dues  paid 
on  entry.  During  a  similar  period  min- 
eral products  are  to  be  exempt  from 
payment  of  export  duties. 

During  a  period  of  10  years,  machin- 
ery, apparatus  and  railw'ay  material  im- 
ported into  Cuba  for  use  in  mining  and 
metallurgical  industries  are  to  pay  no 
more  than  the  minimum  duty  prescribed 
for  similar  articles  when  imported  for 
use  in  the  most  favored  Cuban  industries. 

.According  to  a  report  of  the  secretary 
of  agriculture,  labor  and  commerce, 
there  were  1231  mines  and  concessions 
having  a  total  acreage  of  about  230,000 
on  Dec.  31,  1907.  The  province  of  Or- 
ientc  leads  with  857  mines  and  conces- 
sions, of  which  9  were  coal,  223  cop- 
per, 20  gold,  271  iron,  218  manganese,  3 
petroleum  and  106  other  minerals.  The 
remaining  operations  are  distributed 
among  the  provinces  of  Pinar  del  Rio, 
Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara  and  Tam- 
aguay.  There  are  al  ;o  large  deposits  of 
iron  of  good  quality  which  remain  un- 
exploited,  and  also  extensive  peat  beds 
which,  at  some  future  day,  will  be  util- 
ized as  fuel  and  in  the  production  of 
nitrates. 


A  report  issued  by  the  Mines  Branch 
of  the  Canadian  Department  of  Mines 
states  that  surveys  of  the  iron-ore  de- 
posits in  the  Ottawa  valley,  near  Chats 
Falls,  30  miles  west  of  Ottawa,  show 
large  bodies  of  ores,  which,  under  the 
electric  smelting  process,  may  be  pro- 
fitably  exploited. 


818 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  22,   1910. 


Mining  Ethics  on  the  Rand 

BY  ROWLAND  GASCOYNE  * 


4 


Among  the  Rand  mines  there  is  almost 
always  some  hobby  that  is  being  ridden 
to  death.  First,  it  may  be  the  labor  ques- 
tion in  its  different  color  phases  of  white, 
black  or  yellow,  then  the  reduction  of 
labor  costs  by  the  use  of  drills,  or  again 
the  splitting  up  of  the  mining  properties 
into  small  units  for  flotation  as  separate 
companies,  to  be  followed  by  a  wholesale 
system  of  amalgamation  into  some  of  the 
largest  operations  in  the  world. 

Reduction  of  Working  Costs  the  Cry 

For  the  last  year  or  two  the  reduction 
of  working  costs  has  been  attracting  much 
attention,  and  with  the  Rand  practice  of 
publishing  individual  monthly  mine  costs 
there  has  naturally  been  a  competition 
among  the  mines,  particularly  those  with 
cheap  mining  facilities,  to  reduce  the 
working   costs   to   a  minimum. 

Some  time  ago  there  was  a  wholesale 
strike  among  the  white,  machine,  big- 
check  men  against  the-  increased  use  of 
machine  drills,  and  as  a  result  cheaper 
men  were  introduced,  the  old  hands  lost 
former  contracts  which  were  not  renewed, 
and  white  wages  were  in  consequence 
considerably  reduced.  To  obtain  good 
wages  more  work  had  to  be  done,  result- 
ing in  increased  efficiency  and  a  general 
decline  of  working  costs,  the  end  of 
v.hich  is  not  yet  in  sight. 

During  the  last  two  years  the  average 
cost  of  working  in  the  Rand  has  fallen 
several  shillings  per  ton.  In  April  it  was 
17s.  6d.  per  ton  with  a  grade  of  28s.  Id., 
leaving  an  average  profit  of  10s.  7d.  per 
ton,  while  it  is  confidently  expected  that 
in  time  the  average  working  cost  for  the 
whole  of  the  Rand  will  be  brought  down 
to  14s.  per  ton  milled. 

Increase  in  Profits  Not  in  Proportion 
TO   Decreased  Costs 

The  reduction  of  working  costs,  how- 
ever, has  not  always  meant  an  equivalent 
increase  in  profits;  for  instance,  the 
working  costs  in  March,  1909,  were  17s. 
4d.,  recovery  value  28s.  lOd.,  profit  lis. 
5d.perton,whilein  March,  1910,  the  work- 
ing costs  had  fallen  to  17s.  Id.,  the  re- 
covery value  to  27s.  6d.  and  the  profit 
to  10s.  5d.,  the  profit  being  a  shilling 
|)er  ton  less,  in  spite  of  the  fact  'hat  the 
costs  of  working  were  3d.  per  ton  lower. 

As  an  explanation  of  this  anomaly, 
those  who  control  the  management  of  the 
«Old  mines  say  that  it  is  due  to  the  lower 
working  costs  enabling  a  lower  grade  rock 
to  be  crushed  at  a  profit  than  under  the 
old  regime. 

•jrinlng  pnslnoer.   Ermclo.   Transvaal. 


Throughout  the  Rand  it  has  been  the 
custom  to  leave,  wherever  possible,  the 
unpayable  rock  behind  in  the  stopes,  and 
lately,  especially  when  labor  was  scarce 
a  good  deal  of  this  has  been  broken  and 
sent  to  the  mill.  The  absorption  of  the 
hitherto  rejected  low-grade  developed  rock 
into  the  accounts  has  made  the  labor- 
scarcity  bugbear  less  appreciable.  It  has 
also  enabled  the  management  to  continue 
reducing  the  average  working  cost  per 
ton  milled,  but  as  t^e  figures  given  above 
show,  these  reduced  working  costs  have 
been  effected  at  the  expense  of  lowering 
the  grade,  and,  what  is  perhaps  worse,  at 
a  considerable  reduction  of  profit. 

Importance    of    Ultimate    Profit    Dis- 
counted 

In  some  quarters  it  is  recognized  that 
in  this  race  for  low  working  costs,  the 
object  for  which  mines  are  generally  ex- 
clusively worked,  namely,  profits,  has 
been,  to  some  extent,  discounted  or  over- 
looked. The  bare  mention  of  such  a  pos- 
sibility has  of  course  raised  howls  of 
disgust  among  some  of  the  mine  mana- 
gers. 

That  there  is,  however,  substance  to  the 
arguments  against  the  continued  quest  of 
lower  working  cost  is  shown  by  the  fol- 
lowing example:  Consider  a  mine  with  a 
monthly  milling  capacity  of  30.000  tons, 
stope  width  4  ft.,  yield  25s.,  cost  21s.  6d. 
per  ton.  The  profits  would  be  £5250 
per  month.  Now  suppose  the  working 
costs  must  be  reduced,  and  to  do  this 
lower  grade  and  more  cheaply  worked 
reck  is  mined,  possibly  by  increasing  the 
width  of  the  stopes  a  foot,  thereby  bring- 
ing down  the  recovery  value  to  20s.  per 
ton.  The  object  aimed  at  will  have  been 
achieved,  as  the  working  costs  will  have 
been  lowered  from  21s.  6d.  per  ton  to 
20s.  per  ton  milled,  but  the  profit  will  also 
have  disappeared.  This  may  be  an  ex- 
aggerated example,  as  no  manager  would 
knowingly  aim  to  run  a  mine  at  no  profit; 
but  the  figures  are  quite  reliable,  and 
establish  the  fact  that  crushing  low-grade 
rock  affects  the  recovery  value  more 
than  the  cost  and  causes  a  marked  effect 
on  the  profits.  This  seems  to  be  the  ten- 
dency of  conditions  on  the  Rand. 

Run  the  Mills  to  Sl  it  the  Mines 

Granting  that  the  lowering  of  the  costs 
nakes  available  thousands  of  tons  of  de- 
veloped ore  that  can  be  worked  at  a  slight 
profit,  the  question  arises  as  to  how  this 
altered  condition  of  affairs  is  best  to  be 
taken  advantage  of.  Hugh  F.  Marriott  of 
the  Eckstein  group  of  mines  has  recently 


visited  the  Rand  and  caused  somewhat  of 
a  mild  sensation  by  insisting  that  the  mills 
should  be  run  to  suit  the  mines,  and  not, 
as  has  hitherto  been  the  practice  on  the 
Rand,  the  mines  worked  to  suit  the  mills. 
He  would  work  no  ore  but  that  known  to 
be  capable  of  producing  a  fair  profit,  and 
would  therefore  deal  with  the  ore  ac- 
cording to  its  merits.  This  doctrine  has 
naturally  caused  much  discussion  on  the 
Rand,  where  in  some  quarters  it  is  re- 
garded as  sailing  near  to  selective  mining, 
i.e.,  picking  out  the  most  payable  sec- 
tion of  the  reef  and  leaving  the  rest. 

Naturally  the  question  arises  as  to 
where  the  differentiation  is  to  be  made 
between  ore  workable  and  ore  unworkable 
at  a  fair  profit.  If  the  race  is  to  be  for 
maximum  profits  in  place  of  lowest  work- 
ing costs  some  of  the  managers  may  be 
charged  with  "picking  the  eyes  out  of  the 
mine."  a  practice  hitherto  shunned  on  the 
Rand. 

Complications   Due  to  Variability  of 
Grade 

Air.  Marriott's  suggestion  to  only  work 
oie  capable  of  producing  a  fair  profit  can- 
not always  be  strictly  followed  on  the 
Rand,  where  the  grade  often  varies  con- 
siderably on  limited  areas,  and  to  work 
out  only  payable  ore  would  in  many  mines 
seriously  affect  the  system  of  working, 
probably  in  the  end  landing  the  mine  in 
a  bad  way.  Frequently  unpayable  ore  has 
to  be  worked  in  order  to  get  at  payable 
ore,  and  sometimes  stope  faces  that  sam- 
ple as  low  as  3  dwt.  often  treble  or  quad- 
ruple in  grade  within  a  few  feet.  What 
is  meant  by  Mr.  Marriott  is  probably  that 
the  manager  aim  at  the  highest  profits 
possible,  consistent  with  the  best  operation 
of  his  mine. 

Ton  Milled  or  Square  Fathom  Stoped 

Another  proposal  by  Mr.  Marriott  to 
substitute  the  square  fathom  stoped  for 
the  ton  milled  in  the  monthly  returns  as 
a  cost  and  productive  unit  has  also  met 
with  opposition  on  the  Rand,  principally 
on  the  ground  that  to  alter  the  present 
practice  in  that  direction  would  be  equiv- 
alent to  throwing  doubt  and  suspicion 
upon  those  in  charge  of  mining  opera- 
tions. 

It  has  already  been  shown  how  easy  it 
is  for  the  ton-milled  unit  to  be  so  in- 
creased as  to  lower  the  working  costs 
per  ton  and  even  destroy  the  last  vestige 
of  profit.  So  if  low  working  costs  per 
ton  are  to  decide  the  merits  of  the  mana- 
ger, basing  the  costs  on  the  tonnage 
milled    readily   allows  of  the  manipuia- 


October  22,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


819 


tion  of  the  cost  sheet,  whereas  the  square 
fathom  sloped  would  perhaps  enable  a 
manager  or  consulting  engineer  to  detect 
any  spot  not  conducive  to  efficiency  or 
economical  mining. 

Cleaner  Stoping  Proves  Profitable 
AT  Robinson  Deep 

The  objective  on  the  Rand  seerns  now 
to  be  veering  round  in  the  direction  of 
cleaner  mining  and  larger  profits  per  ton 
by  crushing  such  rock  as  to  obtain  the 
highest  yield.  This  cleaner  stoping  idea 
seems  to  have  received  some  confirmation 
fiom  the  results  obtained  at  the  Robinson 
Deep  mine.  The  results  of  the  operations 
for  the  first  four  months  of  1910  are  sum- 
mari::ed  in  the  accompanying  table. 


the  line  is  to  be  drawn  between  the  pay- 
able and  unpayable  ore  will  clearly  de- 
pend upon  the  conditions  prevailing  at 
each  individual  mine.  The  question  of 
development  naturally  somewhat  compli- 
cates the  situation,  as  at  the  present  time 
development  charges  seem  to  be  carried 
by  the  higher  grade  ores  only.  However, 
the  time  seems  fast  approaching  when 
considerably  less  will  be  spent  on  develop, 
ment  in  mines  with  ore  of  variable  grade, 
as  the  mining  conditions  will  make  it  ne- 
cessary to  e.xtract  the  whole  of  the  reef. 
Already  there  are  some  mines  on  the 
Rand  where  3-dwt.  ore  will  easily  meet 
all  charges,  development  included.  Which- 
ever policy  is  pursued  there  will,  however, 
always  be  room  for  abuse,  and  the  best 


SUMMARY  OF 

OPER.\TIONS  AT  ROBINSON  DEEP  MINE. 

Month 

Tons 
1910,  Stamps.     Milled, 

Value. 

Per  Ton. 

Working 

Costs, 
Per  Ton. 

Total  Profit. 

Profit, 
Per  Ton. 

Jan 

300 
300 
300 
240 

47,900 
43,100 
44.400 
42,400 

£71.418 
66.970 
71.269 
69,459 

29s.  lOd. 
31s.     Id. 
32s.     Id. 
32s.    9d. 

18s.  Id. 
18s.  Od. 
ISs.  .3d. 
18s.  6d. 

£28,121 
28,242 
30,806 
30,189 

lis.     9d. 

Fel)       

13s.     id. 

Mar 

.Vpril 

13s.  lOd. 
14s.    3d. 

It  will  be  seen  that  with  a  less  number 
Df  stamps  dropped,  a  lower  tonnage 
milled,  the  grade  improved  and  the  costs 
increased,  but  the  profits  were  nearly 
£2000  higher  for  April  than  for  January, 
ivhen  5000  tons  more  were  milled;  the 
profit  per  ton  milled  was  appreciably 
ligher.  The  results  are  the  reverse  of 
hose  attained  on  the  Rand  during  the 
ast  two  years,  when  the  tons  milled  have 
ncreased,  while  the  working  costs  per 
on  and  profits  have  both  decreased,  the 
alter  out  pf  all  proportion  to  the  reduc- 
ion  in  working  costs. 

Two  Policies  Open 

The  possibilities  for  mining  operations 
m  the  Rand  are,  therefore,  to  go  in  for 
;!eaner  stoping,  if  possible  sending  out 
if  the  mine  nothing  but  ore  that  can  be 
nilled  at  a  fair  profit,  thus  attempting  to 
ibtain  the  maximum  possible  profit;  to 
;o  in  for  as  large  a  mill  as  possible,  bring 
lown  the  costs  to  the  lowest  limit  by 
neans  of  a  large  output,  and  to  send  out 
)f  the  mine  all  ore  that  can  be  worked  at 
my  profit.     The  conditions  at  each  mine 

ill  have  to  decide  which  is  the  best  policy 
0  pursue.  It  is  evident  that  where  the 
nine  is  comparatively  shallow  and  the 
>re  of  fairly  uniform  grade,  the  clean 
■toping  policy  may  be  pursued   with  ad- 

antage,  but  to  obtain  the  best  results  of 
he  small-mill  policy  as  much  of  the  rock 

s  is  unpayable  will  have  to  be  left  behind 
n  the  mine. 

Uniformity  of  Grade  Determining 
Factor 

Where  the  gold  content  of  the  ore 
I'tries  considerably  over  limited  areas,  it 
icems  likely  that  in  the  long  run  the 
)ig-mill  and  output  policy  will  best  suit 
he  mines.    Then  the  question  as  to  where 


results  will  be  obtained  where  the  milling 
policy  adopted  harmonizes  best  with  the 
underground  conditions. 


Western  Phosphate  Deposits 

The  availability  of  even  low-grade 
phosphate  rock  for  use  as  a  fertilizer 
gives  importance  to  the  extensive  phos- 
phate deposits  in  Idaho,  Wyoming,  and 
Utah,  many  of  which  are  on  government 
land.  The  total  area  of  public  phosphate 
lands  now  withheld  from  entry  is  more 
than  two  and  a  half  million  acres. 

Portions  of  the  lands  thus  withdrawn 
were  examined  in  1909  by  Geologists  H. 
S  Gale,  R.  W.  Richards  and  Eliot  Black- 
welder,  of  the  United  States- Geological 
Survey,  whose  reports  have  just  been 
published.  The  deposits  are  described  and 
mapped  in  detail  and  estimates  are  given 
of  the  available  phosphate  in  the  several 
areas  considered. 

Nature  of  the  Phosphate  Rock 

The  phosphate  rock  is  chiefly  of  oolitic 
structure,  consisting  of  masses  of  round 
grains  closely  cemented  together  with 
other  material,  generally  calcite.  These 
grains  differ  greatly  in  size  in  each  mass 
of  rock,  ranging  from  microscopic  pellets 
to  pebble-like  bodies  half  an  inch  in  diam- 
eter. Chips  of  shells  and  small  frag- 
ments of  plants  are  in  places  included  in 
the  rock.  The  rock  at  different  places 
differs  in  color,  ranging  from  gray  to  jet 
black,  the  darker  shades  being  probably 
due  to  the  presence  of  bituminous  matter. 

Large  Phosphate  Resource 
The  areas  examined  contain  more  than 
267  million  tons  of  high-grade  phosphate 
rock,  little  of  which  has  yet  been  mined. 


and  it  is  probable  that  the  deposits  ex- 
tend far  beyond  the  areas  examined, 
forming,  perhaps,  the  largest  phosphate 
field  in  the  world. 

AH  public  lands  supposed  to  contain 
valuable  phosphate  deposits  are  now 
withdrawn  from  entry,  but  it  is  under- 
stood that  the  withdrawals  are  only  tem- 
porary and  are  intended  to  enable  the 
Geological  Survey  to  determine  exactly 
the  character  of  the  lands,  to  prevent 
fiirther  entanglements  of  entry,  and  to 
preserve  the  present  status  of  the  lands 
until  action  is  taken  by  Congress. 


A  Rapid  SampHng  Filter 


One  of  the  difficulties  which  all  cy- 
anide-mill men  have  to  contend  with  is 
that  of  obtaining  quick  and  accurate 
samples  of  the  work  being  done  in  the 
treatment  tanks,  as  the  treatment  pro- 
gresses. This  applies  both  as  to  the  so- 
lution and  the  slimes.  The  usual  meth- 
od of  settling  and  decanting  the  solu- 
tion from  the  sample,  then  adding  wash 
water,  mixing,  settling  and  again  decant- 
ing, is  a  long  and  tedious  process,  and  the 
final  results  are  often  only  obtained 
after  the   treatment   is   completed. 

An  adaptation  of  the  Just  Process 
Company's  silica  sponge  is  claimed  to 
enable  accurate  sampling  of  both  slimes 
and  solution  in  a  few  minutes  after  the 
original  sample  has  been  taken  from  the 
treatment  tank.  The  pulp  sample  is 
poured  into  any  convenient  receptacle  and 
the  filter  is  immersed  in  it.  Connection 
is  made  through  a  Wolff  bottle  to  a  con- 
venient suction  line  and  a  cake  of  any 
desired  thickness  is  drawn  on  the  porous 
cylinder,  the  clear  solution  being  caught 
in  the  bottle. 

For  washing,  the  cylinder  with  the  cake 
on  it  is  placed  in  another  jar  containing 
fresh  water,  and  the  suction  continued 
until  the  solution  show's  no  further  reac- 
tion for  KCN.  The  cylinder  is  lifted  from 
the  jar  and  the  vacuum  continued  until 
the  cake  is  so  dry  that  it  cracks  and  can 
be  removed  with  a  spatula,  leaving  the 
surface  of  the  silica  sponge  perfectly 
clean  and  ready  for  the  next  sample. 

Frequent  experiments  have  shown  that 
in  l.S  min.  from  the  time  of  taking  the 
sample  from  the  treatment  tanks,  the 
solution  is  ready  for  titration  and  the 
cake  is  dried  and  ready  for  the  assay 
furnace.  These  filters  are  being  manu- 
factured by  the  Just  Process  Company, 
45  Broadway,  New  York. 


'null.  4S0.rT    I'.  S.  fJi-ol.  Siirv. 


A  lot  of  320  mules  left  Lancaster,  Mo., 
Aug.  29,  for  service  in  the  De  Beers 
diamond  mines  in  South  Africa.  They 
went  by  rail  to  Quebec,  thence  by  steam- 
ship to  Cape  Town,  and  again  by  rail  to 
Kimberly,  The  mules  were  all  from 
Missouri,  and  warranted  to  do  good  ser- 
vice by  Col.  W.  P.  Hall,  who  collected 
them. 


820 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  22,   1910. 


The  Lordsburg   Mining  District, 
New  Mexico 


Geyserite  in  Germany 

Jena  Correspondence 


By   E.   D.  Fry* 

The  Lordsburg  mining  region  is  ZVz  to 
10  miles  south  of  Lordsburg,  Grant 
county,  N.  M.,  and  embraces  the  low, 
short  range  of  the  Pyramid  mountains.  It 
lies  in  the  angle  formed  by  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  on  the  north,  and  the 
Arizona  &  New  Mexico  Railroad  on  the 
east.  The  first  discovery  of  ore  was  made 
in  1870.  Nothing  of  importance  was 
done,  however,  until  1880,  when  the 
Southern  Pacific  was  completed  to  Lords- 
burg. The  greatest  activity  of  the  early 
days  was  at  this  time.  The  mining  camp 
of  Ralston,  afterward  called  Shakespeare, 
sprang  up  in  the  hills  as  if  by  magic. 
Several  attempts  at  milling  and  smelting 
were  made,  but  the  ore  proved  too  diffi- 
cult for  the  methods  of  treatment  then  in 
vogue. 

General  Geology 

The  Pyramid  range  seems  to  be  of 
Tertiary  age.  The  focal  point  of  dynamic 
energy  was  centered  about  Pyramid  peak, 
from  which  it  takes  its  name.  The  prin- 
cipal country  rock  is  andesite.  In  the 
central  and  northwestern  part  of  the  min- 
ing area  the  rocks  are  more  coarsely 
crystalline. 

There  appear  to  be  two  general  types 
of  veins  or  zones.  The  first  is  the  true 
fissure  toward  the  central  and  northern 
parts  of  the  range.  The  second  is  the 
sheared  or  shattered  zone  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  mining  area.  In  either 
case  the  enrichment  appears  to  have  been 
from  below,  as  shown  in  the  Eighty  Five 
company's  Emerald  shaft,  where  a  depth 
of  500  ft.  has  been  attained,  and  in  the 
Superior  workings,  which  are  down  500 
ft.  These  two  properties  have  attained 
the  greatest  depth.  In  these  properties 
the  zone  of  oxidation  extends  400  ft. 
deep.  Subsequent  action  of  descend- 
ing waters  has  altered  the  primary  sul- 
phides near  the  surface,  redepositing  the 
metallic  contents  at  greater  depths,  form- 
ing the  zone  of  secondary  enrichment. 

Favorable  Results  Obtained  as  Depth 
Is   Gained 

The  most  favorable  aspect  of  this  re- 
gion is  noted  in  the  gradual  enrichment 
of  the  ore  with  depth.  In  every  case 
where  a  depth  of  200  ft.  or  more  has 
been  attained  the  ore  is  of  a  higher  grade 
and  less  silicious.  The  Lordsburg  min- 
ing region  is  divided  into  two  districts, 
viz:  The  Pyramid  district  occupying  the 
country  about  the  base  of  Pyramid  peak 
and  the  Virginia  district  embracing  the 
remainder  of  the  range  north  of  the 
Pyramid  district  and  south  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  railway  railroad. 

•Lordsburg,    Now    Mexico. 


Geyserite,  also  called  pealite  or  silici- 
ous sinter,  a  variety  of  opal  (SiOj,  x 
H;0),  is  known  to  occur  in  large  quanti- 
ties only  in  the  Yellowstone  park,  in  Ice- 
land and  in  New  Zealand.  On  account  of 
its  peculiar  physical  properties  it  is  ex- 
tensively used  in  the  manufacture  of 
enamel,  bisque  and  silica  glass,  to  all  of 
which  it  imparts  great  resistance  to  heat 
and  indifference  to  sudden  variations  in 
temperature. 

By  act  of  Congress,  the  United  States 
forbids  the  exploitation  of  minerals  in  the 
Yellowstone  park,  hence  the  geyserite  oc- 
curring there  remains  intact;  the  exploi- 
tation of  geyserite  in  Iceland  has  been 
granted  by  the  Danish  government  to  a 
French  syndicate,  and  the  sole  right  to 
extract  the  geyserite  of  New  Zealand  is 
vested  in  an  English-American  syndicate. 


quire  any  blasting.  It  is  trammed  to  the 
sorting  place  where  boys  break  the  large 
lumps  and  pick  out  the  whitest  pieces. 
These  are  loaded  on  cars  and  by  means 
of  a  gravity  tramway  sent  down  to  a  mill 
where  they  are  reduced  to  a  fine  powder. 
In  this  shape  it  is  sacked  and  hauled  to 
the  railway  station.  The  geyserite  has  a  , 
foliated  structure  and  in  its  hollow  places 
fiequently  shows  traces  of  quartz  crystals 
which  detract  somewhat  from  its  value. 
The  quarry  is  owned  by  a  private  com- 
pany of  Usingen. 


The  Zacatecas-Durango  Railroad 

Consul  General  Charles  M.  Freeman, 
of  Durango,  Mexico,  reports:  Before  tlie 
merger  of  the  National  Lines  of  Mexico 
a  concession  had  been  granted  to  build  a 
railroad  from  the  city  of  Durango  to 
Gutierrez,  a  station  in  Zacatecas  on  the 
Mexican  Central.  American  capitalists 
were   to  finance  the   road,  and  engineers 


Gu'iSEkiu;  Quarry  at  Usingen, Gera^any 


The  marketing  of  this  valuable  mineral  is 
thus  nearly   a  monopoly. 

Occurs  as  a  Fissure  in  Devonian 
Slate 

It  was  natural  then  that  the  recent  dis- 
covery of  a  deposit  of  geyserite  near  the 
town  of  Usingen  in  the  Taunus  mountains 
that  promises  to  become  quite  productive 
was  hailed  with  satisfaction  by  German 
consumers.  Upon  the  occasion  of  a  casual 
visit  to  the  famous  watering"  place  of 
Homburg  vor  der  Hohe,  I  made  an  ex- 
cursion to  the  geyserite  quarry  whicn  is 
situated  nearly  due  north  from  there  and 
may  be  reached  in  1 '/-hours'  time.  The 
deposit  fills  a  fissure  in  clay  slate  of  the 
Devonian  age  about  200  ft.  wide  and  may 
be  traced  on  the  surface  for  1000  ft.  or 
more.  It  is  at  present  quarried  on  a  small 
scale,  only  four  men  and  a  number  of 
boys  being  employed.  The  rock  thus  far 
exposed     is     loose     and    does     not     re- 


were  locating  the  line.  The  panic  of  190'i 
stopped  this  and  when  times  were  sue! 
that  work  might  be  continued  the  mergei 
was  accomplished.  The  National  Lines  o! 
Mexico  acquired  the  concession  and  wil 
build  the  road  which,  on  ^.ccount  of  tht 
lack  of  railroad  facilities,  is  practicallj 
undeveloped.  The  new  line  will  be,  ap- 
proximately, 155  miles  long,  about  the 
same  distance  as  the  present  line  fron 
Durango  to  Torreon;  02  miles  will  be  ir 
the  State  of  Durango,  93  miles  in  thti 
State  of  Zacatecas.  An  outlet  is  thus 
made  for  the  important  mining  camps  ol 
Sombrerete,  9000  inhabitants;  Chalchui- 
tas,  4000;  and  a  number  of  smaller  ones 
The  estimated  cost  of  building  the  road 
exclusive  of  rolling  stock,  is  S3.000,000 
and  to  make  sure  of  its  completion  tht 
State  of  Durango  has  given  ^,300,000  sub- 
sidy, the  state  of  Zacatecas  S340,000,  anc 
private  individuals  .S70,000.  The  greatei, 
part  of  the  riglit  of  way  has  been  donated 


October  22,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


821 


Notes  on  the  Archean  Rocks  of    Mexico 


SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Along  the  Pacific  coast  and  extenuing 
as  the  Roor  of  the  ocean,  and  in  the  in- 
terior of  Oaxaca  and  Chiapas  and  the 
southern  part  of  Puebia  there  are  Archean 
rocks  of  considerable  area.  Those  along 
the  coast  are  of  little  moment,  except 
geologically,  inasmuch  as  to  my  knowl- 
edge there  have  not  been  discovered  min- 
eral depositions  of  consequence,  whereas 
the  development  of  these  rocks  in  the  in- 
terior is  the  seat  of  mining  activity,  par- 
ticularly for  gold. 

The  basal  member  of  this  series  of  the 
oldest  known  rock  group  is  a  biotite  gran- 
ite, grading  through  a  granitic  gneiss  to 
gneiss  and  crystalline  schists.  On  the  Pa- 
cific coast  in  Chiapas.  Oaxaca,  Guerrero, 
Sinaloa,  Sonora  and  part  of  Michoacan 
they  form  the  base  of  the  coastal  range 
and  often  the  western  flanks.  In  Colima, 
Jalisco,  Tepic  and  part  of  Michoacan, 
however,  the  Mesozoic  sedimentary  and 
Tertiary  igneous  rocks  completely  cover 
the  Archean,  reaching  to  and  beyond  the 
ocean's  edge.  Here  we  find  a  country  re- 
sembling that  of  the  Central  Plateau, 
containing  fissures  mineralized  at  times 
to  a  commercial  grade.  In  Michoacan, 
where  the  Sierra  Madre  del  Sur  begins  to 
rise,  the  younger  rocks  thin  out  and 
cease,  while  the  underlying  crystalline 
schists  reach  the  surface  and  extend  to 
the  south. 

Central  Basin  of  Mexico 
The  Central  basin  of  Mexico  is  com- 
posed of  strata  of  Cretaceous  sedimen- 
taries,  the  depth  of  which  is  certainly  re- 
markable, followed  to  the  south,  near 
Mexico  City,  by  a  region  of  modern  vol- 
canoes from  which  there  have  been  poured 
thick  beds  of  basic  lava  extending  well 
intn  Puebia  and  Guerrero.  In  the  inter- 
ior of  Puebia,  Oaxaca,  and  Chiapas,  ex- 
tensive development  of  the  Archean  rocks 
is  met,  and  passing  under  the  Sierra 
Madre  del  Sur  is  again  picked  up 
on  the  west  coast.  Not  infrequently 
in  Puebia  and  Oaxaca  a  vigorous  erosion 
has  worn  its  way  through  the  Mesozoic, 
exposing  the  underlying  Archean  forma- 
tion of  crystalline  schists,  gneiss  and 
granite.  The  younger  rocks  evince  a  cer- 
tain independence  of  their  own,  clearly 
distinct  from  the  ancient,  and  without  any 
intimate  relation  other  than  a  simple  con- 
tact. The  intrusive  and  eruptive  rocks 
have  been  forced  through  the  older  rocks, 
which  underly  the  sedimentaries.  Any  in- 
termediate group,  that  is.  Paleozoic  form- 
ations, seems  to  be  wanting  here  as  else- 
where throughout  Mexico.  There  are 
found  in  places  certain  schistose  rocks  ly- 
ing between  the  Archean  and  Mesozoic, 
apparently  for  the  most  part  conformable 


with  the  latter,  and  clearly  of  a  sedimen- 
tary origin  of  not  earlier  than  late 
Jurassic. 

Arckean  Rocks  on  Pacific  Coast 

A  comprehensive  history  of  the  Ar- 
chean rocks  of  Mexico  has  not  been  com- 
piled. The  isolated  situation  of  large 
areas  along  the  Pacific  coast  and  their 
lack  of  mineral  deposits  have  not  been 
conducive  to  inteliigent  and  thorough  in- 
vestigations. Moreover,  intense  and  re- 
curring dynamic  activities  have  tended  to 
partly  obscure  their  past.  They  are  sup- 
posed to  have  played  a  leading  role  in  the 
physiography  of  Mexico's  lofty  coastal 
ranges.  Along  the  coast  the  relief  has 
been  carved  by  the  erosion  of  younger 
sedimentary  and  igneous  rocks,  the  more 
ancient  rocks  enjoying  far  less  promi- 
nence due  to  lying  at  the  base  of  the 
ranges  or  on  the  Pacific  slopes.  In  the 
interior  the  Archean  alters  the  topog- 
raphy, and  is  much  better  known  to  the 
geologist,  engineer  and  prospector.  It  also 
rises  to  much  higher  altitudes  than  along 
the  coast.  In  the  latter  case  crystalline 
schists  are  more  common;  the  gneiss  and 
granite  are  deeper,  while  in  the  interior 
the  lower  series,  that  is,  the  gneiss  and 
granite,  are  often  at  the  surface  and  at 
the  same  time  much  higher  than  even  the 
crystalline  schists  of  the  coast.  It  is 
rather  the  exception  to  encounter  Archean 
granite  in  quantity  along  the  coast. 
Certain  diorites  and  granites  in  Guerrero, 
and  syenites  and  granites  in  Alichoacan  of 
a  later  age  should  not  be  confused  with 
the  Archean  granite. 

Character  of  Archean  Rocks 

In  a  bulletin  of  the  Sociedad  Geologica 
Mexicana  under  the  title  of  "L'Archaique 
de  Canon  de  Tomellin,"  Ordofiez  states 
that  in  a  general  way  one  may  say  that 
in  the  deeper  parts  of  the  Mexican  Ar- 
chean a  biotitp  granite  dominates,  slightly 
schistose,  and  sometimes  intercalated 
with  a  white  mica  gneiss  and  series  of 
amphibole  and  pyroxene  gneiss.  These 
two  last  types  are  not  thick  nor  do  they 
occupy  a  well  defined  position  within  the 
first.  Passing  from  one  horizon  to  an- 
other the  biotite  gneiss  is  succeeded  by 
important  series  of  green  chloritic  schists 
and  mica  schists  which  form  with  the 
biotite  gneiss  an  extensive  group,  par- 
ticularly in  the  lower  part  of  Guerrero 
not  far  from  Acapulco.  also  on  the 
isthmus  of  Tehuantepec.  In  these  locali- 
ties the  granite  and  the  gneissic  granite 
are  found  under  the  biotite  gneiss.  He 
says  that  the  patches  of  crystalline  schists 
along   the   Pacific   coast   have   been   dis- 


sected at  different  epochs  by  systems  of 
fissures,  now  filled  with  quartz  and  peg- 
matites, which  in  places  are  garnet  and 
tourmaline  bearing.  The  aspect  of  the 
crystalline  schists  in  the  interior  is  abso- 
lutely different.  They  are  darker;  the 
stratification  is  more  pronounced;  the 
lamination  more  readily  discerned;  they 
exfoliate  with  facility,  while  folding  and 
faulting  are  not  uncommon. 

Igneous  Intrusion 

The  pressure  of  the  overlying  Mesozoic 
strata  and  the  stresses  produced  by  the 
intrusion  of  igneous  rocks,  incidental  to 
the  mountain-forming  processes  of  the 
Pacific  and  Gulf  ranges,  have  distorted 
and  ruptured  to  a  greater  extent  the  in- 
terior Archean  rocks.  Fusion  has  effected 
a  certain  recrystallization  in  places  and 
resulted  in  the  segregation  of  some  of  the 
minerals.  The  frequent  lenses  of  quartz 
resemble  magmatic  segregations  rather 
than  deposition  from  aqueous  solutions. 
A  similar  genesis  may  account  for  the 
presence  of  the  pegmatites  which  are  of 
frequent  occurrence.  Garnet  zones  have 
been  developed;  also  segregations  of 
such  dark  minerals  as  amphibole,  pyrox- 
ene and  biotite,  in  addition  to  being  pres- 
ent as  primary  constituents  of  the  rocks. 
Following  this  rearrangement  of  the  min- 
erals, came  block  faulting,  shearing  and 
crushing,  apparently  caused  by  the  in- 
equalities in  the  pressure  and  stresses 
within  the  rocks  introduced  by  erosion. 
Graphite,  serpentine  and  chlorite  bear 
witness  to  friction  and  alteration  of  pri- 
mary minerals.  The  metamorphic  rocks  in 
which  stratification  has  been  produced 
exhibit  generally  a  slight  dip  to  tlie  north, 
but  locally  arc  often  crumpled,  folded  and 
crushed. 

In  the  southern  part  of  Puebia  the 
Archean  is  represented  by  mica  schist  and 
some  gneiss,  both  of  which  are  highly 
dissected  by  numerous  small  and  medium 
quartz  lenses.  This  region  is  also  of  some 
interest  to  the  mining  engineer,  as  com- 
mercial deposits  of  silver  and  copper 
ores  are  found.  But  my  experience 
leads  me  to  believe  these  deposits 
are  confined  to  the  Mesozoic  sedimen- 
taries; and  where  there  are  Archean 
rocks  in  the  locality,  I  suspect  that  the 
depth  of  the  fbrmer  is  not  great.  I  be- 
lieve that  these  deposits  are  in  many 
cases  but  the  remnants  of  veins  worn 
down  to  their  roots  by  erosion.  Without 
doubt  this  region  is  part  of  the  metalli- 
ferous province  to  which  central  and 
northern  Puebia  belong;  in  the  latter 
case,  however,  the  Archean  rocks  are 
deeply  buried,  and  the  mineral  deposits 
bid  fair  to  be  of  commercial  importance. 


822 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


Gold  Concentrates  along  Fault  Zones 
In  Oaxaca  the  gneiss  as  a  rule  is  auri- 
ferous. This  metal  is  frequently  concen- 
trated in  sheared  and  crushed  zones.  The 
desideratum  ought  not  to  be  so  much  a 
strong  quartz  lens  as  a  zone  which  has 
been  subjected  to  shearing  and  shatter- 
ing. Frequently  the  path  of  least  resist- 
ance has  been  determined  by  quartz 
lenses  which  later  have  become  mineral- 
ized; but  not  all  quartz  lenses'  are  min- 
eralized, even  slightly;  the  quartz  veins 
in  the  gneiss  of  Oaxaca  are  in  poor  re- 
pute, and  numerous  abandoned  workings 
e.xist  today.  Rich  stringers  and  pockets 
of  gold  ore,  more  or  less  common  in  the 
mineralized  lenses,  have  been  the  ignis 
fafuus  which  has  bolstered  up  the  hope 
of  the  operator,  but  invariably  a  lack  of 
persistency  has  characterized  the  deposit. 
The  more  promising  developments  in  this 
district  are  recorded  where  the  mineral- 
ization has  taken  place  in  a  sheared  zone, 
or  where  a  considerable  movement  has 
occurred  in  conjunction  with  the  acci- 
dental   presence    of    a    quartz    lens.       It 


Coal  Mining  in    Mexico 

By  Andrew  Roy* 


Sixty  miles  south  of  Eagle  Pass,  on 
the  line  of  the  Mexican  International  rail- 
road, in  the  State  of  Coahuila,  Mexico, 
there  is  an  extensive  coalfield,  which  is 
being  rapidly  developed.  The  coal  be- 
longs to  the  Cretaceous  formation  and 
ranges  from  4  to  7  ft.  in  thickness.  This 
field  was  entered  by  an  enterprising  coal 
company  of  Americans  10  years  ago, 
which  organized  as  the  Las  Esperanzas 
Coal  and   Coke  Company. 

The  venture  was  so  successful  that  it 
attracted  other  coal  men,  and  there  are 
now  five  large  coal  companies  operating 
in  this  field,  namely,  Esperanzas  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  operating  three  mines; 
the  Compania  Carbonifera,  four  mines, 
with  headquarters  at  .Agujita;  the  Com- 
painia  Carbonifera,  fi\'e  mines  at  Rosita; 
the  Coahuila  Coal  Company,  five  mines 
at  Palau;  the  New  Sabinas  Coal  and 
Mining  Company,  one  mine. 


of  the  miners  are  men  of  high  character, 
and  after  they  return  from  their  work, 
they  wash  all  over,  don  good  clothes  and 
a  sombrero,  and  walk  about  town  with 
erect  figure  and  proud  mien. 

This  class  will  compare  favorably  with 
our  American  miners.  Some  of  them' 
own  their  own  houses.  The  climate  is 
so  mild  in  winter,  that  frost  and  snow 
never  come. 


Mexican  Salt  Concession 


( 


A  concession  has  been  granted  for  the 
exploitation  of  the  salt  deposits  on  the 
west  coast  of  the  State  of  Jalisco.  Prac- 
tically the  entire  output  will  be  exported 
and  sent  to  the  cities  of  the  Pacific  coast 
by  water,  and  it  is  quite  probable  that 
they  will  be  of  sufficient  volume  to  affect 
the  price  of  that  commodity  in  such  cit- 
ies as  Los  Angeles,  San  Francisco,  Port- 
land. Tacoma  and  Seattle.  This  conces- 
sion, with  those  already  granted,  brings 
the  total  number  of  those  of  recognized 


Tipple  and  Tracks  of  the  New  Sabinas  Company 


Mining  Town  of  Agujita,  Mexico 


should  be  recognized  that  sheared  and 
crushed  zones  are  the  indications  of  the 
more  extensive  concentration  of  gold,  ir- 
respective of  whether  or  not  quartz  lenses 
are  in  evidence,  and  that  the  latter  are 
but  segregated  matter  from  the  immediate 
rocks  rather  than  vein  or  lode  filling. 

Accompanying  the  gold  there  is  usually 
a  small  amount  of  pyrite,  occasionally 
arsenopyrite,  and  a  trace  of  copper.  While 
silver  may  be  also  present,  it  is  only  a 
matter  of  a  few  grams.  The  gangue  is 
highly  silicious,  often  entirely  of  amor- 
phous quartz.  The  gold  is  largely  free 
milling,  and  when  amalgamation  is  fol- 
lowed by  cyanidation  a  saving  of  over  90 
per  cent,  is  assured.  Operations  are  be- 
ing conducted  in  the  gneiss  at  such  camps 
as  Santa  Catarina,  El  Parian,  El  Socorro, 
Tlacolula,  Petioles  and  Ejutla.  At  cer- 
tain properties,  for  instance,  Santa  Sofia, 
El  Socorro  and  Zavaleta,  most  encourag- 
ing showings  have  been  made  both  in 
grade  of  ore  and  tonnage  developed. 


Aggregate  Output  of  Coal 

The  aggregate  output  of  coal  of  this 
field  last  year  exceeded  2,000,000  tons, 
and  will  considerably  exceed  this  amount 
the  present  year.  A  new  company  is 
drilling  for  coal  at  present  and  will  begin 
sinking    several    shafts   the    coming    fall. 

Two  of  the  companies  make  coke  from 
the  coal,  the  Esperanzas  Company,  and 
the  Carbonifera  Company,  at  Agujita. 
The  Rosita  Company  is  building  ovens 
and  will  soon  be  producing  coke.  The 
coal  makes  a  good,  firm  coke,  and  finds 
a  ready  market  in  southern  Mexico. 

The  miners  of  this  field  are  all  native 
Mexicans.  The  temperature  of  the  mines 
ranges  froin  70  to  90  deg.  The  miners 
disrobe  before  starting  to  work,  and  wear 
a  thin  robe  around  the  lower  parts  of 
their  bodies.  On  the  whole  they  make 
good  miners.  The  coal  being  of  lignite 
age   is   soft  and   easily  undercut.     Manv 

•Agii.1Itn,   Coah..    Mox. 


importance  up  to  three.  The  largest  of 
these  concessions  is  in  the  Tres  Marias 
group  of  islands,  a  short  distance  from 
the  port  of  San  Bias,  in  the  Territon'  of 
Tepic.  These  deposits  are  controlled  by 
a  Mexican  syndicate,  which  has  Cali- 
fornia connections  for  the  sale  of  its  out- 
put. Consul-general  Arnold  Shanklin 
says  that  it  is  believed  that  the  salt  de- 
posit for  which  the  new  concession  has  ■ 
been  granted  presents  opportunities  for 
an  output  larger  than  that  at  Tres  Marias. 


In  July,  1909,  200  stamps  were  dropped 
in  the  mills  of  the  El  Oro  Company  at 
E!  Oro,  Mexico,  the  average  stamp  duty 
being  4.25  tons  per  24  hours,  and  a,  total 
of  24.236  tons  were  crushed.  Three  tube 
n'.ills  were  added  to  the  equipment  of  one 
of  the  100-stamp  mills,  the  other  mill 
closed,  and  by  June.  1910,  a  stamp  duty 
of  10.33  tons  had  been  attained.  Every- 
thing is  slimed  and  in  June,  30,026  tons 
were  treated,  or  about  1000  tons  per  day. 


October  22,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


823 


West  Virginia  Oil  and  Gas  Notes 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


In  the  extreme  southwest  corner  of  the 
State,  where  the  wildcatter  has  been  fair- 
ly active  all  through  the  year,  there  is 
kss  prospecting  than  at  any  previous 
time  in  the  past  2;^  years.  Kanawha 
county  has  three  tests  drilling  and  one 
rig  up,  located  in  Elk-Cabin  creek  and 
Maiden  districts.  Although  it  has  had  a 
more  thorough  testing  than  any  other 
county,  only  a  few  light  pumpers  have  ever 
been  found.  Wayne  and  Cabell  counties 
each  have  one  rig,  but  in  these  counties 
only  one  pool,  the  Big  Lime  (in  the  lat- 
ter) has  ever  been  found.  Drilling  re- 
cently has  been  to  find  the  extension  of 
the  Big  Lime  pool. 

In  Logan  county,  the  Bremnier  Oil 
Company  has  lately  struck  a  5,000, 000-ft. 
gasser  on  the  Guyan  river,  but  no  oil 
his  yet   been   discovered    in   the   county. 

A  very  large  area  has  been  leased  in 
Putnam  county.  Much  of  it  is  held  in 
large  blocks  by  some  of  the  larger  oper- 
ating companies,  and  there  is  already  evi- 
dence that  they  intend  to  give  their  hold- 
ings a  thorough  test.  In  Curry  district, 
gassers  of  fair  volume  have  been  found 
and  this  is  accepted  as  an  encouraging 
feature. 

The  test  work  that  was  projected  early 
in  the  year  in  Upshur  county  has  not 
materialized.  It  will  be  of  some  interest 
to  see  some  systematic  testing  there. 

The  Lincoln  Field 

In  Lincoln  county,  owing  to  the  way 
the  old  wells  arc  holding  up,  assisted  by 
the  new,  the  daily  production  of  the 
county  is  showing  only  a  small  decrease. 
There  is  a  little  test  work  starting  and 
under  w'ay  along  the  edges  of  the  produc- 
ing district. 

The  Ritchie   Fielo 

On  Tucker's  run,  in  Curtis  district,  the 
United  Fuel  Gas  Coinpany  has  drilled  a 
test  on  Sparks  farm  through  the  Berea 
grit  and  has  a  5,000,000- ft.  gasser.  Near 
by.  the  same  company  has  drilled  its  test 
on  the  R,  H.  Petty  farm  through  the 
Berea  grit,  and  has  a  gasser  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  8,000,000  ft.  a  day.  On  Stover 
Fork,  the  United  Fuel  Gas  Company  has 
a  6,000.000- ft.  gasser  at  its  test  on  the 
S.  Blackwell  farm.  The  same  company's 
test  on  the  W.  Roberts  farm  is  a  good 
"■'":<!er  in  the  Berea  grit. 

"In   Hushers'   run.   Grant   district,   the 

rsey  Oil  and  Gas  Comranv  has  drilled 

t'.'st  on  the  F.  Marsh  farm,  through  the 

Keener  sand,  and  has  a  casser  with  an 

estimated  capacity  of  30.000,000  cu.ft.  a 

day. 

On  Indian  run.  Murphy  district,  the 
Carter  Oil  Company  has  shot  No.  3  well 


on  the  G.  V.  Rexroad  farm  and  has  an  80- 
bbl.  producer  in  the  Keener  sand. 

The  Fischer  Oil  Company  has  shot  its 
No.  7  on  the  P.  R.  Tharp  farin  and  it 
produced  90  Dbl.  the  first  24  hours. 

Tylek  and  Wetzel  Fields 

On  Middle  Island  creek,  Lincoln  dis- 
trict, the  Melrose  Oil  and  Gas  Company's 
No.  9,  on  the  J.  Meredith  farm,  is  a  nat- 
ural producer  good  for  100  bbl.  a  day, 
and  the  Pure  Oil  Company's  No.  9,  on 
the  R.  W.  Kyle  farm  is  showing  the  same 
production  in  the  Keener  sand.  The 
Schlagel  &  Fried  producer,  in  the  Maxon 
sand  of  Union  district,  has  declined  con- 
siderably from  its  initial  yield  of  340  bbl. 
per  day. 

On  Fishing  creek,  Grant  district,  N.  S. 
Snyder  &  Co.  shot  their  test  on  the  M.  J. 
Welch  farm  and  have  a  Gordon-sand  pro- 
ducer, yielding  110  bbl.  a  day.  This  well 
Is  a  wildcat,  for  the  nearest  Gordon-sand 
production  is  a  mile  to  the  east,  so  the 
strike  makes  the  development  of  a  new 
pool  probable.  The  same  people  drilled 
on  the  P.  Fleming  farm  on  the  North  fork 
and,  finding  nothing  in  the  Gordon, 
passed  to  the  Fourth  sand  and  struck 
a  4,000,000- ft.  gasser. 

The  Ohio  Field 

At  Wheeling,  the  Warwood  Oil  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  with  $40,000  capi- 
tal, by  S.  Nesbitt,  Jr.,  L.  S.  Whitehead 
and  E.  W.  Westwood. 

At  Glen's  run,  on  the  river  front,  in 
Richland  district,  there  has  been  no  new 
development  since  the  Virginia  Oil  and 
Gas  Coinpany  completed  its  test  on  the 
W.  A.  Stenger  farm  and  got  a  gasser. 
There  are  four  test  wells  drilling  in  that 
district,  and  these,  when  completed,  will 
furnish  some  pointers  as  to  the  probable 
future  of  operations  in  the  development. 
Up  to  the  present  there  has  not  been 
much  discovered.  One  gasser  and  two 
light  producers  are  all  that  have  been 
completed. 

The  Roane  Field 

A  good  deal  of  interest  has  been  cen- 
tered in  the  Big-Iniun  sand  territory  in 
the  Smithfield  district.  Late  completions 
to  the  south  and  southeast  of  develop- 
ments show  that  the  producing  limits  in 
these  two  directions  have  been  reached, 
this  opinion  being  based  on  the  recent 
completion  of  six  dry  holes.  Inside  of 
defined  limits,  on  Clover  and  Rush  runs, 
there  are  still  cood  producers  to  be  had, 
and  in  that  locality  there  is  the  greatest 
activity.  The  completed  wells  range  from 
light  pumpers  to  50-bbl.  producers. 

On   Green   creek,  Walton   district,  the 


United  Fuel  Gas  Company's  No.  13  well, 
on  the  D.  Larch  farm,  is  a  strong  gasser, 
estimated  at  10,000,000  cu.ft.  a  day. 

Roane  is  one  of  the  two  counties  that 
has  been  able  to  show  an  increase  in  de- 
velopment work  during  the  summer. 
Walton  district  held  the  lead  for  many 
months,  but  has  now  been  supplanted  by 
Smithfield.  Recent  efforts  in  the  last  field 
named  have  not  been  very  successful, 
numerous  dry  and  gas  wells  having  been 
encountered  where  better  results  were  ex- 
pected; unless  an  extension  can  be  found 
in  some  other  direction,  there  will  be  a 
let  up  in  operations  in  that  district.  A 
few  of  the  larger  operating  companies 
are  curtailing  development  work  and 
starting  nothing  new,  except  where  it  is 
necessary  to  protect  the  leases  that  are 
about  to  expire  by  limitation.  The  pro- 
duction of  the  county  has  increased 
steadily  all  through  the  year,  and  it  has 
furnished  a  greater  volume  than  any  other 
county  in  the  lower  southwest. 

The  Calhoun  Field 

Calhoun  county  has  been  fully  tested. 
A  large  amount  of  territory  has  been 
leased  in  this  county  and  the  chances 
are  favorable  for  finding  additional  pro- 
duction. On  Bear  run,  Sheridan  district, 
the  Sherwood  Oil  and  Gas  Company  has 
drilled  on  the  Bachman  farm  through  the 
SKit  sand  and  has  a  gasser  with  a  capacity 
of  4,000,000  cu.ft.  a  day. 

The  Monongalia  Field 

It  was  recently  the  opinion  of  some 
practical  operators,  based  on  certain  geo- 
logical conditions,  that  a  new  field  could 
be  opened  in  Clinton,  Clay  and  Cass  dis- 
tricts. All  of  the  tests  completed  were 
drilled  through  all  sands,  and  all  proved 
failures.  A  very  large  acreage  is  under 
lease,  but  there  is  nothing  to  indicate  a 
renewal  of  operations.  The  gas  com- 
panies were  jointly  interested  in  this  ex- 
perimental work,  and  hoped  to  find  a  new 
and  convenient  source  of  supply.  The 
neighboring  fields  have  been  pretty  well 
exhausted,  and  each  year  sees  the  larger 
companies  forced  to  go  farther  into  the 
interior  of  the  State  for  a  supply  that 
will  meet  the  demand.  Greene  county, 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  Wetzel  and  Monon- 
galia counties  in  West  Virginia,  seem  to 
be  no  longer  capable  of  supplying  any 
considerable  amount. 

The  Marion   Field 

On  West  fork.  Grant  district,  the  Hope 
Natural  Gas  Company,  on  the  ,1.  N.  Koon 
farm,  is  through  the  fifth  sand  and  has  a 
fair  gasser.     On  Koon  run.  in  the  same 


824 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


district,  the  same  company  on  the  Z.  T. 
Richter  farm,  secured  a  fair  gasser  in  the 
Bayard  sand. 

On  States  fork.  Mannington  district,  the 
Burt  Oil  Company  has  a  promising  pro- 
ducer in  its  No.  4  on  the  Baker  farm. 
When  the  pay  was  tapped  in  the  30-ft. 
sand,  the  well  began  to  flow  ?  -.d  produced 
185  bbl.  the  first  12  hours.  It  looked 
as  if  it  might  develop  into  a  real  gusher 
when  drilled  deeper,  but  it  failed  to  in- 
crease its  production  and  declined  to  the 
pumper  class  in  a  few  weeks. 

Other  Fields 

In  Harrison,  Doddridge,  Tyler  and 
Lewis  counties,  the  various  gas  compan- 
ies operating  in  the  lower  southwest  have 
increased  their  development  work.  All 
have  been  meeting  with  good  success  and 
it  is  not  likely  that  any  of  the  companies 
drawing  their  supply  from  West  Virginia 
will  be  troubled  with  a  shortage  during 
the  coming  winter.  Full  one-half  of  the 
work  under  way  in  the  counties  named  is 
booked  by  the  gas  companies. 


L(  -5o'  ^h  -50- 


In  the  southern  end  of  the  Shinnston 
pool,  Harris,  Groves  &  Co.  have  another 
good  well  on  the  Thompson  farm.  At 
70  ft.,  in  the  50-ft.  sand,  the  second  pay 
was  encountered  and  the  well  increased 
its  flow  to  20  bbl.  an  hour  and  placed 
500  bbl.  to  its  credit  the  ensuing  24  hours. 
No.  2  on  the  same  farm  is  still  holding 
up  to  250  bbl.  a  day. 

A  few  months  ago  the  production  of 
the  Shinnston  pool  was  down  to  about 
2000  bbl.  a  day.  Then  the  extensions 
were  discovered  and  since  the  production 
has  been  increased  to  about  3500  bbl.  a 
day,  and  the  size  of  the  walls  now  com- 
ing in  makes  it  look  as  though  it  could 
be  held  at  that  point  for  some  time. 

On  Rock  Camp  run,  southwest  of  the 
Old  Wolf  Summit  field,  there  is  a  Gor- 
don-sand development  that  has  been  un- 
der way  for  several  months.  A  total  of 
a  half  dozen  wells  is  now  drilling.  Groves, 
Rowland  &  Co.  and  Hoffmeir  &  Deegan 
were  the  first  to  get  the  work  started 
when  they  secured  good  producers  at 
their  initial  wells  on  Dennison's  farm. 


Arrangement  of  Partings  in  a 
Coal  Mine 


By  H.  J.  Nelms* 


The  arrangement  of  partings  at  the 
bottom  of  butt  entries  usually  gives  a 
mine  superintendent  considerable  trouble 
in  keeping  ventilation  intact.  The  plans 
rccompanying  this  article  show  the  three 
methods  that  are  usually  employed  in 
modern  mines  where  locomotive  haulage 
on  face  entries  is  used. 

It  is  common  practice  for  the  mine 
operator  to  use  a  locomotive  weighing 
from  10  to  20  tons  on  his  main  entry, 
and  to  employ  such  locomotives  to  haul 
the  coal  from  the  big  inside  parting  to 
the  tipple  or  bottom  of  the  shaft;  the 
operator  likewise  uses  a  locomotive 
weighing  from  5  to  8  tons  on  his  face 
entries,  which  motor  gathers  the  coal 
from  the  rooms  and  delivers  it  to  small 
partings.     See  Plan  No.  1. 


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a_ 

Plan  No.  1 
Showing  Locomotive  Haulage  for  3  Face 
Entry  System.  Having  "Partings"  at 
Bottom  of  each  Set  of  Butts.  Also  show- 
ing Ventilation  and  Track  System  to  be 
Used. 


Plan  No.  2 
Showing  2  Face  Entry  System  for 
Locomotive  Haulage.    Ventilation 
and  Track  System  is  also  Indicated. 


The  discovery  of  an  east  and  southeast 
extension  to  the  Shinnston  pool,  in  Clay 
district,  has  been  the  incentive  for  a  re- 
newal of  activity,  the  South  Penn  Oil 
Company  being  the  largest  holder  of 
leases  in  the  extension  and  the  most  ag- 
gressive in  development  work.  There  are 
about  a  score  of  strings  of  tools  running, 
and  of  this  number  the  South  Penn  Com- 
pany has  about  three-fourths.  The  pro- 
duction of  the  pool  is  higher  than  three 
months  ago,  due  to  the  completion  of  new 
wells  in  the  east  and  southeast  extension. 
To  the  northeast  of  the  old  development, 
on  Horner's  run.  Miller  &  Co.  drilled  in 
their  No.  5  on  the  Nimshi  Nuzum  farm 
and  secured  a  producer  that  had  the  high- 
est initial  production  of  any  well  recently 
completed.  It  was  credited  with  making 
585  bbl.  the  first  24  hours  after  it  was 
drilled  into  the  50-f1.  pay.  Miller  &  Co. 
have  been  meeting  with  very  good  suc- 
cess on  this  farm;  Nos.  1  and  2  were 
large  producers. 


On  Duck  creek.  Grant  district,  the 
Hope  Gas  Company's  test  on  the  H.  J. 
Burnside  farm  is  holding  up  to  25  bbl. 
a  day.  It  was  completed  recently  and  got 
its  oil  in  the  Gordon  sand.  There  is  a 
good  deal  of  speculation  as  to  the  result 
of  the  next  tests  in  that  locality,  as  pre- 
vious to  drilling  this  well  the  territory 
was  regarded  as  good  for  gas  only. 


The  Rogers-Bcown  Iron  Company,  of 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  is  planning  the  construc- 
tion of  a  fleet  of  barges  to  operate  on  the 
present  Erie  canal  and  adapted  also  to 
use  on  the  new  enlarged  canal.  The 
boats  will  be  equipped  for  use  on  both 
salt  and  fresh  water  and  fitted  with  move- 
able hatches  similar  to  those  on  the  large 
lake  ore  boats.  The  tugs  will  have  dyna- 
mos and  electric  cranes  for  handling  pig 
iron  to  and  from  the  docks.  The  latest 
design  of  coal-saving  machinery  will  be 
used. 


Tfie  Eajjineei'ing  i  Mining  Juwniil 


Using  Four  Main  Entries 

The  plan  shown  in  Fig.  1  illustrates  the 
arrangement  used  where  the  operator  em- 
ploys four  main  entries,  or  three  main  en- 
tries and  three  face  entries,  the  latter  turn- 
ing off  the  mains  at  90  deg.  The  first  face 
entry  has  a  haulage  road  on  it.  The 
chute  for  the  butt  entry  turns  off  this 
face  entry  at  an  angle  of  45  deg.,  while 
the  butt  entry  turns  off  the  second  face 
entry  at  90  deg.  Between  the  main  entry 
and  the  butt  entry  chute  a  60-deg.  chute 
is  turned  off  the  first  face  entry  and  con- 
nected to  the  second  face  entry.  The 
first  face  entry  is  double-tracked  from 
this  latter  chute  to  the  butt-entry  chute. 
Sec  Fig.  1.  The  gathering  locomotive 
coming  off  the  main  entry  from  the  main 
parting,  comes  down  the  face  entry  to  the 
double  track  here  mentioned,  where  it  en- 
ters the  side  track  and  cuts  off  15  emp- 
ties, leaving  them  on  the  siding.     The  lo- 

•Caf^tle   Shiuiniiii,    IVMin. 


October  22.   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


825 


comotive  then  continues  on  to  the  next 
butt  where  it  gathers  its  loaded  trip  off 
the  second  face  entry  on  which  is  located 
the  loaded  cars. 

By  this  method  the  first  two  face  en- 
tries are  intakes  and  the  third  face  en- 
try is  a  return  airway;  by  putting  in  an 
overcast  at  the  intersection  of  the  third 
face  entry  and  the  first  butt  entry,  the 
ventilation  is  kept  intact  and  you  get  rid 
of  all  doors  on  the  motor  road.  When 
this  plan  is  used,  the  locomotive  never 
has  to  wait  for  the  empty  cars  to  be 
pulled  into  the  butt  entry  by  a  "balky" 
mule. 

Arrangement  with  Two  Face  Entries 

Plan  No.  2  shows  the  arrangement 
when  only  two  face  entries  are  driven.  This 
scheme  is  advisable  when  the  coalfield 
is  very  narrow  and  it  does  not  pay  to 
drive  three  face  entries.  Fig.  2  also 
shows  the  arrangement  of  the  "parting" 
and  the  system  of  ventilation.  The  first 
face  entry  as  before  is  used  as  the  main 
haulage  road,  and  chutes  are  driven  in 
the  same  manner.  It  is  worthy  of  note 
that  No.  1  room  here  is  used  for  a  re- 
turn airway;  note  also  that  overcasts 
and  brick  stoppings  are  to  be  used.  It  is 
good  policy  to  leave  a  rib  25  ft.  thick 
between  No.  1  and  No.  2  rooms  in  this 
case,  and  drive  No.  1  room  15  ft.  wide. 

Parting  on  Butt  Entry 

Plan  No.  3  shows  the  usual  method  of 
providing  an  air  lock  at  the  bottom  of  the 


his  ventilation  if  the  motor  collects  its 
trip  off  the  butt  or  face  entries  and  doors 
are  used  in  the  system  of  ventilation. 
Usually  where  this  is  the  case,  motonnen 
open  the  doors  when  going  through  them, 
and  the  doors  are  not  then  closed  until 
the  locomotive  gets  its  trip  and  again 
comes  through  the  door.  If  the  locomo- 
tive gets  off  the  track  or  wrecks  itself, 
the  door  is  generally  forgotten  until  the 
wreck  is  cleared  up. 


Suction    Device    for    Drawing    Off 
Coke -Oven  Fumes 

By  Alfred  Gradenwitz* 


Many  schemes  have  been  suggested  of 
late  years  for  eliminating  the  thick  smell- 
ing fumes  evolved  by  the  charging  of 
coke  ovens.  In  connection  with  these 
schemes  the  charging  gases  were  merely 


Fig.  I.   General  Design  of  Suction  Device  for  Drawing  Off 

Fumes 


Coke-oven 


I 

J 
s 

CI 

1 


-*  -  -39-  -  •^  -39 --- >j»-39U4i-3! 


>j<-  3h-4«-3! 


-\ 


Plan  No.  3  Showing  Parting'  on  Butt  Entry. 


Scale;-  1  =  100 


butt  entries,  and  instead  of  putting  the 
parting  on  the  face  entry,  to  have  it  lo- 
cated on  the  butt  entrv.  The  run-around 
entry  driven  here  shouid  have  two  tracks 
on  it  and  be  driven  16  ft.  wide. 

The  mine  foreman  cannot  be  too  care- 
ful in  the  location  of  his  partings,  for 
they    will   cause   considerable    trouble    to 


The  Kn^natring  fMinlij  Journal 


The  Ofoten  railway,  which  connects 
the  large  iron  mines  of  Swedish  Lapland 
with  the  port  of  Narvik,  in  Norway,  is  to 
be  electrified.  Contracts  for  the  equip- 
ment have  been  let  to  the  Siemens-Halskc 
Company,  of  Berlin.  This  will  be  the 
first  electrically  operated  road  used  chiefly 
for  freight. 


drawn  off  and  carried  through  the  chim- 
ney into  higher  strata  of  the  atmosphere. 
While  avoiding  any  immediate  nuisance 
to  the  neighborhood  these  devices  failed 
to  do  away  with  the  danger  of  explosion 
in  an  extensive  gas  conduit  (which  more- 
over interfered  with  the  operation  of  the 
ovens)  and  a  number  of  explosion  traps 
had  to  be  arranged  to  lessen  this  danger. 

The  process  recently  designed  by  F.  J. 
Collin  at  Dortmund  (Westphalia)  seems 
to  be  free  from  this  drawback,  affording 
a  perfect  safety  against  explosion: 

As  seen  from  the  accompanying  fig- 
ures, the  gases  and  fumes  escaping  from 
the  oven  chamber  during  the  charging 
and  discharging  of  the  ovens,  as  well  as 
any  combustible  obstructions  found  in  the 
vertical  pipe  a  (so  far  as  they  are  not 
carried  along),  are  conveyed  into  a  chan- 
nel /  arranged  in  the  cover  of  the  coke 
oven.  This  channel,  kept  permanently 
at  a  red  heat  by  radiation  from  the  ovens, 
insures  an  instantaneous  combustion  of 
the  gas  and  air  mixture  drawn  in.  After 
combustion,  the  gas  is  discharged  through 
the  channel,  either  directly  into  a  chim- 
ney or  into  a  discharging  channel. 

The  connection  between  the  vertical 
tube  a  and  the  channel  /  is  effected  by 
a  knee  e.     The  neck  h,  situated   imme- 

•Rei;cii8lnirRCi'str.is9c.   Germany. 


826 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


diately  above  the  cover  of  the  furnace  is 
kept  generally  closed  by  a  simple  lid  c. 
Whenever  an  oven  is  to  be  charged,  the 
operator  will  cut  off  the  vertical  pipe  by 
a  valve  actuated  with  a  lever,  and  after 
opening  the  lid  c,  will  apply  a  short  light 
sheet-iron  knee  e  with  one  end  to  the 
neck  b  and  with  the  other,  to  an  opening 
in  the  furnace  cover  which  is  generally 
kept  closed  by  a  lid.  This  opening  leads 
into  the  channel  /  which  runs  alongside 
the  whole  oven  battery.  As  there  is  no 
risk  of  explosion,  there  is  no  necessity 
for  providing  any  explosion  traps,  the 
more  so  as  the  knee,  at  its  entrance  into 
the  red-hot  channel — where  a  slight  ex- 
plosion would  not  be  impossible — is  ap- 
plied so  loosely  that  any  explosion  would 


immaterial  fraction  of  the  oven  cover  and 
is  filled  with  gases  only  at  rare  inter- 
vals, there  is  no  risk  of  putting  the  oven 
cover  to  excessive  heating,  liable  to  in- 
terfere with  the  recovery  of  by-products. 


British  Columbia  Mines  Bureau 
Enforces  Laws 

Special   Correspondence 


found  him  unfit  to  discharge  his  duties  as 
foreman,  and  required  him  to  surrender 
his  second-class  certificate  of  competency, 
which  was  thereupon  cancelled.  The 
necessity  for  a  strict  observance  of  the 
coal-mining  regulations  was  emphasized 
when  on  Oct.  5,  1909,  an  explosion  took 
place  in  one  of  the  mines  of  the  Exten- 
sion colliery  and  32  men  lost  their  lives. 


The  department  of  mines,  British 
Columbia,  requires  its  mine  inspectors 
to  enforce  the  laws,  particularly  in  re- 
gard to  operation  of  coal  mines.  Lately, 
at  Ladysmith,  Vancouver  island,  a  spe- 
cial commission  thoroughly  investigated 
a  charge  brought  against  mine   foreman 


Entombed  Miners  Found  Alive 


I 


Six  miners  who  were  entombed  in  mine 
No.  2  of  the  Coahuila  Coal  Company, 
Palau,  Mexico,  have  been  taken  out  alive. 
These  men  had  been  without  food  or 
water  for  six  days.  They  were  securely 
walled  in  by  a  heavy  fall  of  rock,  caused 


Fig.  2.  Showing  ScHE.Mt  hir  Filiminating  the  Fumes 
Evolved  by  the  Charging  of  Coke  Ovens 


Fig.  3.   Another  View  of  Device  for  Drawing  Off 
FiiMES  AND  Affording  Safety  Against  Explosion 


simply  throw  it  aside.  It  may  be  said 
that  though  this  arrangement  has  been 
used  for  some  time  in  many  of  the 
Westphalian  mines,  no  such  explosion 
of  ever  so  small  dimensions  has  so 
far  occurred.  In  Fig.  3  the  channel  is 
made  visible  by  a  number  of  lids  in  the 
series  of  vertical  pipes. 

Apart  from  its  small  first  cost,  the  ap- 
paratus shows  the  advantage  of  being 
readily  fitted  to  any  existing  coke  oven 
system  and  requiring  no  special  superin- 
tendence. The  workmen  are  said  fully  to 
appreciate  the  convenience  of  this 
scheme.    As  the  channel  only  takes  up  an 


David  McKinnell,  for  not  having  taken  the 
steps  required  of  him  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duty  as  foreman  to  secure  the  re- 
moval of  discovered  gas  in  No.  3  mine, 
Evtension  colliery,  owned  by  the  Can- 
adian  Collieries    (Dunsmuir),   Limited. 

The  charge  was  brought  about  by 
James  S.  Black,  making  complaint  that 
McKinnell  had  unfairly  deprived  him  of 
his  position  of  fire-boss,  because  he  had 
reported  the  presence  of  inflammable  gas 
in  a  working  place.  The  commissioner, 
after  hearing  much  evidence,  reported 
that  McKinnell  had  been  guilty  of  gross 
negligence,   in  consequence  of  which   he 


by  the  explosion;  this  barrier  prevented 
their  death  from  afterdamp.  Rescue 
parties  are  working  steadily.  Thirty-five 
bodies  have  been  brought  to  the  surface. 
It  is  now  estimated  that  150  men  were 
killed. 


New  York  City  in  1909,  consumed 
about  11,350,000  tons  of  anthracite  and 
4,.300.000  tons  of  bituminous  coal;  15,- 
650,000  tons  in  all.  Beside  this  4,550.000 
tons  of  bituminous  coal  was  bunkered  or 
loaded  on  sea-going  steamships.  New 
York  uses  about  19  per  cent,  of  the  total 
production  of  anthracite. 


October  22,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


827 


i      PERSO  NAL      1 


Mil. ill:;  and  niii;illiirf:ii"il  iMi:;iiicci-s  are  iii- 
viioil  1"  lieep  Tin;  i;.S'.i.si;i:i:i.\(-i  ami  Mi.m.ni; 
Jul  iiNAi.  iiiiormed  of  llicir  movements  and 
appt-.iniments. 


J.  Parke  Chantiing  has  returned  to  New 
York  from  an  extended  western  trip. 

Dr.  James  Douglas  is  expected  home 
October  24,  on  his  return  from  the  West. 

Henry  F.  Strangways  arrived  in  New 
York  last  week  from  Peru,  and  left  for 
Salt  Lake  City  after  a  short  stay. 

J.  Q.  Taylor,  of  Chihuahua,  .Mexico, 
has  organized  an  exploration  party  for 
investigations  in  Western  Chihuahua. 

George  E.  Laughlin,  of  Oaxaca,  Mex- 
ico, is  in  New  York  in  connection  with 
negotiations  for  the  Rosario  mine  at 
Taviche. 

Hon.  Wm.  Templeman,  ininister  of 
mines  for  Canada,  has  returned  to 
Ottawa  after  having  spent  the  summer  in 
British  Columbia. 

R.  G.  McConnell,  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Canada,  left  Stewart,  Portland 
Canal,  B.  C,  late  in  September  on  his 
return  to  Ottawa. 

S.  E.  Bretherton,  San  Francisco,  has 
been  at  the  Afterthought  mine.  Ingot, 
Cal.,  and  is  now  at  the  Dominion  gold 
mine  in  Plumas  county. 

W.  W.  Leach,  of  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey of  Canada,  is  returning  to  Ottawa 
after  a  season's  geological  work  in  the 
Skeena  river  district,  British  Columbia. 

Osmond  E.  LeRoy,  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Canada,  has  gone  to  Franklin 
camp.  Boundary  district  of  British  Co- 
lumbia, to  make  geological  investigations. 

Newman  Erb,  president  of  the  British 
Columbia  Copper  Company,  Ltd.,  has 
visiting  the  company's  mines  and  smel- 
tery in  the  Boundary  district  of  British 
Columbia. 

F.  M.  Kurie  last  month  examined  and 
reported  on  the  Highlander  lead-silver 
mine  at  Ainswnrth,  B.  C,  for  the  High- 
lander Mill  and  Mining  Company,  of 
Philadelphia. 

Robert  E.  Palmer,  manager  under- 
ground department,  Rio  Tinto  mine. 
Huelva,  Spain,  after  an  absence  of  10 
years  is  visiting  British  Columbia,  whence 
he  went  to  Spain. 

Justus  Hofmann  and  Josef  Jeller  of 
the  Witkowitz  Steel  Works,  Austria,  are 
in  the  United  States  visiting  steel  plants 
in  the  Chicago,  Central  Western  and 
Eastern  Pennsylvania  districts. 

M.  Polhemus  has  been  appointed  man- 
ager of  the  American  Zinc.  Lead  and 
Smelting  Company,  at  Joplin,  Mo.,  suc- 
ceeding C.  W.  Landrum,  who  will  have 
charge  of  the  company's  lease. 


The  firm  of  Smith  &  Laird,  consulting 
ruining  engineers,  at  Bisbee,  Arizona,  has 
been  changed  to  Smith  &  Ziesemer;  the 
members  of  the  new  firm  being  Franklin 
W.  Smith  and   Ralph  A.  Ziesemer. 

W.  E.  Upham,  of  Duluth,  Minn.,  for- 
merly superintendent  for  the  General  De- 
velopment Company,  at  Planet,  Ariz.,  is 
spending  some  time  at  Planet  completing 
an  exhaustive  geological  examination  of 
the   district. 

C.  V.  Verrill,  son  of  Prof.  A.  E.  VerriU, 
of  Yale,  has  joined  Andrew  G.  Larson, 
of  Vancouver,  B.  C,  as  consulting  min- 
ing engineer.  Mr.  Verrill  was  at  one 
time  on  the  staff  of  John  Hays  Ham- 
niond   in  South  Africa. 

Thomas  H.  Watkins,  now  of  New  York, 
but  formerly  of  Scranton,  Penn.,  has  filed 
a  voluntary  petition  in  bankruptcy.  He 
has  been  well  known  as  an  operator  in 
the  anthracite  region  and  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania bituminous  country.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Anthracite  Strike  Commis- 
sion of  1903. 

C.  H.  Shamel,  of  Seattle,  Washington, 
sailed  Oct.  11  from  San  Francisco,  for  the 
Philippine  islands.  He  will  spend  four 
months  investigating  the  mining  and  geo- 
logical features  of  the  islands.  Afterward, 
he  will  spend  some  time  with  friends  in 
China  and  make  brief  stops  on  the  Malay 
Penninsula,  Ceylon  and  Hindustan,  re- 
turning by  the  way  of  Europe.  He  will 
return  to  Seattle  in  the  fall  of  1911. 
While  in  the  Philippines,  his  address  will 
be  Elk's  Club,  Manila. 


+     O  BIT  U  A  R  Y     + 


James  S.  Garvin,  manager  of  the 
Moosehorn  Mines,  Elk  Lake,  Ont.,  and 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  area,  died 
suddenly  Oct.  8.  He  formerly  practised 
law  in  Toronto. 

James  Hudson  died  at  Hanging  Rock, 
O.,  Oct.  5,  aged  70  years.  He  was  con- 
nected with  the  old  Pine  Grove  Charcoal 
Furnace  Company  for  many  years  and 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  Hanging 
Rock  iron  district. 

Joseph  G.  Collins,  a  well  known  min- 
ing man,  died  Oct.  10,  at  Chihuahua. 
Mexico,  where  he  had  lived  for  a  number 
of  years.  He  was  born  in  England  and 
had  worked  on  the  Comstock  lode,  in 
Nevada,  before  settling  in  Mexico. 

Absalom  Beaton,  manager  of  Colliery 
No.  2  of  the  Dominion  Coal  Company,  of 
Glace  Bay,  N.  S.,  died  suddenly  Oct.  12. 
He  was  36  years  of  age  and  had  been  in 
charge  of  No.  2  colliery  for  two  years, 
having  previously  held  other  responsible 
positions  with  the  company. 

William  B.  Dana  died  Oct.  10  at  his 
country  home  at  Mastic,  Long  Island, 
aged  81  years.  He  was  born  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  and  graduated  from  Yale  Univers- 


ity. In  1859  he  moved  to  New  York  and 
bought  Hunt's  Merchants'  Magazine. 
Some  years  later  he  brought  out  the  first 
number  of  the  Commercial  and  Financial 
Chronicle.  He  had  been  publisher  and 
editor  of  that  paper  ever  since,  making  it 
the  financial  journal  of  highest  standing 
in  this  country. 

Jacob  H.  Taylor,  for  many  years  one 
of  the  most  prominent  coal  operators  in 
Maryland,  died  Oct.  8,  at  Towson,  a  sub- 
urb of  Baltimore.  Mr.  Taylor  was  of  the 
old  school  of  coal  men,  and  was  born  in 
1818.  When  a  young  man  he  engaged  in 
the  wood  and  lumber  business,  and  later 
believing  firmly  that  coal  would  take  the 
place  of  wood  as  a  fuel,  he  bought  nearly 
10,000  acres  of  coal  lands  in  central 
Pennsylvania.  These  properties  have 
been  worked  successfully  by  the  Taylor 
&  AlcCoy  Coal  Company  and  the  Glen- 
white  Coal  Company.  They  are  today 
l.'Tge  producers- of  coal  and  coke,  with  a 
daily  capacity  of  more  than  2000  tons. 
He  also  operated  in  Maryland  coal  prop- 
erty. He  was  one  of  the  men  instru- 
mental in  inducing  the  Maryland  Steel 
Company  to  locate  at  Sparrows  Point, 
near  Baltimore. 


^  SOCETIES^^TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ;^ 


Anthracite  Miners'  Institute — The  Penn- 
sylvania Coal  Company  and  the  Hillside 
Coal  and  Iron  Company — both  subsidi- 
aries of  the  Erie — have  given  jointly 
S10,000  to  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  at  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  to  aid  in 
maintaining  its  schools  for  the  instruction 
of  miners. 

California  Oil  Men's  Association — An 
attempt  was  made  a  few  years  ago  lo 
bring  the  oil  men  of  the  State  into  the 
California  Miners'  Association  so  that  a 
strong  State-wide  organization  could  be 
maintained  of  both  gold  miners  and  oil 
operators.  The  oil  men,  however,  could 
not  see  at  that  time  no  need  of  an  organ- 
ization, none  of  their  interests  being 
threatened  by  adverse  legislation  or  de- 
partment rulings  as  had  been  the  case 
with  the  gold  miners.  Of  late  the  laws 
and  rulings  have  seriously  affected  the  oil 
industry  of  the  State  in  a  detrimental 
way.  At  a  recent  mass  meeting  of  oil 
operators  at  Bakersfield,  the  California 
Oil  Men's  Association  was  organized  and 
about  200  oil  operators  have  already 
signed  the  rolls.  The  Association  is  to 
consider  and  suggest  remedies  for  the 
difficulties  which  confront  the  oil  industry 
from  time  to  time.  Three  men  from  each 
of  the  10  oil  districts  of  the  State  were 
appointed  to  arrange  matters,  and  now 
the  powers  of  the  executive  committee 
have  been  given  to  a  governing  board  of 
1 1  persons  who  will  carry  on  t^e  real 
work  of  the  organization.  C.  T.  Fox  is 
the  chairman  of  this  board,  and  G.  S. 
Johnson  is  secretary. 


828 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own     Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      Many      Important 

-"^     Mining     Centers    of"     the  'World       -^ 


San   Francisco 

Oct.  15 — One  furnace  at  the  Balaklala 
smeltery  at  Coram  has  been  blown  in 
and  coupled  up  with  the  Cottrell  fume- 
condensing  plant,  which  is  now  handling 
the  smoke.  The  Cottreil  installation,  at 
Balaklala  is  an  extensive  one.  entailing 
an  expenditure  exceeding  $150,000.  Mr. 
Cottrell  personally  superintended  the  in- 
stallation, and  is  in  charge  of  it  at  pres- 
ent. The  cessation  at  the  Balaklala  and 
Bully  Hill  smelteries  has  worked  a  severe 
hardship  not  only  on  those  companies  but 
the  mining  men  of  Shasta  county  gen- 
erally, and  it  is  a  cause  of  congratulation 
that  the  former  at  least,  is  enabled  to  re- 
sume operations. 

An  extensive  plant  is  being  installed  by 
the  Gold  Mountain  Hydraulic  and 
Dredging  Company  on  Willow  creek, 
near  Bucks,  in  Plumas  county,  which  is 
(he  largest  of  the  kind  in  the  county  since 
the  closing  down  of  hydraulic  mining  30 
years  ago.  The  reservoir  on  the  head  of 
Willow  creek  covers  14  acres,  this  being 
formed  behind  a  dam  25  ft.  high  and  100 
ft.  long.  The  water  is  conveyed  in  a  24- 
in.  pipe  a  mile  and  three-quarters  to  the 
mine,  where  it  is  delivered  under  a  200- 
ft.  pressure.  A  mile  from  the  lower  end 
of  the  pipe  line  there  is  a  steep  ravine 
with  high  rock  walls,  and  here  a  large 
rock  and  concrete  dam  is  being  con- 
structed for  impounding  the  debris  and 
preventing  it  entering  any  streams  where 
it  is  likely  to  do  damage.  The  placers 
worked  in  this  section  in  early  days 
yielded  largely,  but  no  small  company 
could  undertake  the  expense  of  hydraul- 
icking  them  as  a  unit.  S.  D.  Graves  of 
Los  Angeles,  is  president  and  George  W. 
Fagg  superintendent  of  the  company.  The 
mine  will  be  in  readiness  for  work  with 
the  opening  of  the  water  season. 


Denver 
Oct.  17 — An  important  discovery  has 
been  made  by  Charles  Gagner,  manager 
of  the  Bagley  tunnel,  at  Animas  Forks, 
above  Silverton.  The  tunnel  has  been 
driven  6000  ft.  into  Houghton  mountain, 
to  intersect  a  series  of  veins,  well  known 
by  their  strong  outcrops.  One  of  these 
was  the  Red  Cloud,  which  was  cut  in  the 
Bagley  tunnel  4500  ft.  from  the  portal, 
but  in  a  very  lean  place.  Some  men 
were  put  at  work  to  prospect  the  surface, 
some  400  ft.  west  of  where  it  was  i"ter- 
sected  by  the  tunnel,  and  soon  uncovered 
a  fine  vein  of  silver-lead  ore,  also  con- 
taining gold.  The  ore  is  from  1  to  3  ft. 
in  width,  and  is  concentrating  ore,  chiefly 
galena,  copper  and  iron  pyrite  in  a  quartz 


and  rhodonite  gangue.  In  the  tunnel 
several  veins  of  concentrating  ore  of  a 
similar  character  w-ere  intersected,  and 
now  the  building  of  a  mill  is  planned  by 
the  company.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that 
nearly  all  the  long  crosscut  tunnels  in 
the  State  driven  to  intersect  lodes  known 
to  be  rich  on  the  surface,  have  cut  them 
in  lean  or  barren  places  between  the  ore- 
shoots,  to  reach  which  much  drifting  on 
the    vein    has   to   be    done. 

In  the  La  Plata  region,  near  Durango, 
rich  strikes  continue  to  be  made,  and  the 
whole  district  is  coming  in  more  than 
usual  prominence.  A  few  days  ago,  in 
the  Yellow  Eye  group  of  mines,  a  streak 
of  almost  solid  telluride  of  gold,  about 
2  in.  wide,  was  opened,  the  extent  of 
which,  however,  is  not  yet  known.  The 
mine  is  under  lease  to  F.  N.  Beach,  of 
La  Plata  City.  James  Doyle,  one  of  the 
three  discoverers  of  the  Portland  mine, 
at  Victor,  is  also  working  50  men  on  the 
Doyle  Consolidated  group,  and  it  is  stat- 
ed that  ore  teams  will  be  kept  busy  until 
winter,  hauling  to  a  shipping  point. 


Butte 

Oct.  17— The  Washoe  Sampling  Works, 
destroyed  by  fire  a  few  months  ago.  will 
be  rebuilt  at  once.  Since  the  destruction 
of  the  old  works  all  custom  ores  have 
been  sent  to  the  Anaconda,  where  they 
have  been  treated  at  the  sampler  con- 
liected  with  the  smeltery,  but  this  method 
has  been  found  to  be  inconvenient  to 
prospectors  and  small  mining  companies, 
and  the  Anaconda  company  has,  there- 
fore, decided  to  replace  the  works.  The 
new  works  will  have  a  capacity  of  about 
1500  tons  per  day  and  will  be  constructed 
of  reinforced  concrete  with  steel  beams, 
and  cost  8100,000.  It  is  planned  to  have 
them  ready  for  operation  by  March  1, 
1911. 

The  attorneys  of  the  Anaconda  com- 
pany have  gone  to  San  Francisco  to  ap- 
pear before  the  United  States  Court  of 
Appeals  in  the  smoke  case.  This  case 
was  heard  in  Butte  more  than  a  year  ago, 
and  after  reviewing  the  evidence  the 
Judge  refused  to  grant  the  demand  of  the 
lanchers  that  an  order  issue  closing  the 
Washoe  smeltery.  The  Judge,  however, 
did  say  that  there  had  been  small  dam- 
age to  vegetation  from  the  alleged  poi- 
sonous gases  floating  through  the  air 
down  into  the  Deer  Lodge  valley,  w-hich 
ht  asked  the  company  to  remedy.  The 
ranchers  appealed. 

One  of  the  leading  officials  of  the  Ana- 
conda company  was  recently  asked  in  a 
joking  way  why  the  big  company  always 


tried  to  litigate  away  from  its  smaller 
competitors  any  rich  bodies  of  ore  which 
the  smaller  companies  were  able  to  un- 
cover on  their  claims  and  was  cited  the 
cases  of  the  Tuolumne  and  Butte  & 
Ballaklava  companies.  "We  had  a  good 
idea  of  what  ore  was  in  those  claims,  long 
before  the  companies  were  ever  formed, 
and  if  there  had  been  any  rich  orebodies 
we  would  surely  have  purchased  the 
claims  long  ago,"  was  the  response. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Oct.  16 — The  tunnel  of  the  Utah  Metal  ' 
Alining  and  Milling  Company  on  Oct.  7 
was  in  3600  ft.,  instead  of  4000  ft.  as  has 
been  erroneously  stated.  Oct.  3,  three 
shifts  were  put  on  and  an  average  of  10 
ft.  a  day  has  been  made.  The  face  is  in 
hard  quartzite,  and  is  being  driven  di- 
rectly against  the  edges  of  the  beds 
which  lie  horizontal  and  make  the  ground 
hard  to  break.  The  flow  of  water  from 
the  tunnel  is  TOO  gal.  per  min.  A  weir 
has  been  placed  at  the  entrance  so  that 
exact  measurements  can  be  made.  The 
total  available  power  developed  by  this 
water  and  water  from  the  springs  in 
Middle  canon  is  between  800  and  1000 
li.p.  Of  this  only  about  200  h.p.  is  be- 
ing used  at  present  to  drive  the  compres- 
sor and  the  dynamos  for  the  electric 
haulage  and  lighting  systems.  The  mouth 
of  the  tunnel  affords  a  good  location  for 
a  large  concentrating  plant.  There  is 
an  abundance  of  water,  with  ample  dump- 
ing room. 

The  International  Smelting  and  Re- 
fining Company  is  now  an  active  com- 
petitor of  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  in  Utah.  The  company 
has  two  engineers  in  the  field  investigat- 
ing ore  conditions  and  securing  custom 
business.  At  present  this  is  only  for  cop- 
per ores,  though  if  enough  lead  ore  can 
he  secured  in  the  future,  it  is  probable  a 
Itad  stack  will  be  added  at  Tooele.  All 
construction  was  completed  Oct.  1,  and  ^ 
170  men  on  the  construction  forces  were 
laid  off.  The  number  of  men  will  soon  be 
cut  down  to  the  regular  operating  forces, 
which  will  vary  from  225  to  300  men. 
Four  reverberatory  furnaces  were  blown 
in.  At  the  present,  three  are  handling  the 
tonnage,  while  the  fourth  is  in  reserve. 
A  fifth  furnace  has  been  built.  Three 
shifts  are  operated  on  the  roasters  and 
furnaces.  The  crushers  and  converters 
are  worked  only  during  the  day.  The 
furnaces  have  not  been  operated  to  their 
full  caoacity,  but  the  amount  of  ore 
handled  is  being  increased.  Between  600 
and  700  tons  arc  smelted  every  24  hours. 


October  22,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


829 


During  the  early  part  of  September  the 
Utah  Consolidated  was  sending  approxi- 
mately 300  tons  of  ore  to  the  Interna- 
tional daily.  This  amount  has  been  in- 
creased as  the  new  tramway  was  brought 
into  shape,  and  is  now  between  800  and 
900  tons  per  day.  As  much  as  1000 
tons  in  8  hours  has  been  sent  over.  The 
Utah  Consolidated  ore  is  a  heavy  sul- 
phide, and  each  bucket  of  8  cu.ft.  ca- 
pacity carries  an  approximate  load  of 
1150  lb  There  are  212  buckets.  When 
the  line  is  working  at  full  capacity  of 
100  tons  per  hour,  the  speed  is  600  ft.  a 
minute.  The  tramway  is  operated  in  three 
sections  in  order  to  equalize  the  tension 
in  the  traction  cable.  The  first  two  sec- 
tions are  motor  driven,  20  h.p.  being  re- 
quired. These  sections  are  coupled  by 
two  grip-sheaves  keyed  to  the  shaft  at 
control  station  No.  1.  Section  No.  3  oper- 
ates by  gravity  generating  75  h.p.,  which 
is  returned  to  the  main  power  line.  The 
cost  of  transportation  is  between  8c.  and 
10c.  per  ton,  while  the  railroad  rates  are 
around  50  cents. 

Beside  the  Utah  Consolidated  ore,  from 
four  to  five  cars  of  concentrates  per  week 
are  being  received  from  the  South  Utah, 
and  also  various  custom  fold  ore.  Should 
this  prove  satisfactory,  it  is  probable  a 
considerable  tonnage  will  be  received 
from  this  mine.  Several  hundred  tons  of 
blister  copper  have  been  shipped  to  Rari- 
tan,  New  Jersey. 

Grading  on  the  railroad  between  the 
Utah  Copper  property  and  Garfield  is 
under  way,  and  it  is  expected  that  most 
of  the  grading  will  be  finished  up  to 
within  3'j  miles  of  the  mine  by  the  mid- 
dle of  November.  By  the  time  snow 
makes  outdoor  work  impracticable  the 
men  will  be  put  underground  on  the  va- 
rious tunnels.  The  bridges  and  trestles 
are  yet  to  be  built.  The  Bingham  &  Gar- 
field railroad  has  had  a  number  of  con- 
demnation suits  for  right  of  way  through 
property  at  Bingham.  Some  of  these 
have  been  strenuously  fought  owing  to 
filling  in  on  mining  ground,  which  would 
in  certain  cases  prevent  the  ground  be- 
ing worked  to  advantage  on  account  of 
lack  of  dumping  room,  and  difficulty  of 
access.  The  North  Utah  Alining  Com- 
pany is  the  defendant  at  present  in  a 
suit  for  right  of  way  through  five  of  its 
claims.  If  a  right  of  way  is  condemned 
through  iti  property,  the  company  asks 
S5000  for  the  ground,  and  830,000  as 
damages. 


Indianapolis 

Oct.  18 — David  Ingie,  owner  of  the 
Ayershire  coal  mines  in  Pike  county,  ob- 
jected to  the  drilling  of  land  in  search  of 
oil  and  appealed  to  W.  H.  Blatchley 
State  geologist,  who  in  turn  asked  Attor- 
ney General  Bingham  who  held  that  the 
owner  of  a  lease  for  all  the  coal  under  a 
given  piece  of  land  cannot  prevent  the 
leasing  of  oil   or   gas   rights   under   the 


coal,  and  cannot  prevent  the  holders  of 
such  oil  or  gas  leases  from  going  through 
the  coal  beds  covered  by  the  coal  lease, 
to  get  the  oil  or  gas.  The  opinion  further 
holds  that  the  owner  of  the  coal  lease 
can  take  out  the  coal  up  to  the  pipes 
leading  to  the  oil  or  gas  provided  the 
pipes  are  properly  cased.  In  each  case 
the  attorney  general  says  that  neither 
party  involved  shall  do  any  material  in- 
jury to  the  property  of  the  other. 

The  Anderson  Artificial  Coal  Com- 
pany formed  at  Anderson,  Madison 
county,  to  try  and  make  fuel  from  clay  and 
chemicals,  has  failed  and  a  receiver  is  in 
charge. 

Birmingham,  Ala. 

Oct.  17 — The  Southern  Iron  and  Steel 
Company  has  purchased  the  mills  of  the 
Weller  Rolling  Mills  Company,  at  Gads- 
den, and  a  rearrangement  of  the  plant  is 
proposed  so  that  fabricated  steel  can  be 
produced.  The  Southern  company  has 
the  greater  number  of  the  departments 
at  the  Gadsden  steel  mills  in  operation 
and  finding  a  good  demand  for  the  prod- 
ucts. 

The  Birmingham  Rail  and  Locomotive 
Works  has  just  completed  improvements 
which  have  cost  nearly  SIOO.OOO,  and 
the  new  works  will  shortly  be  put  on  full 
operation.  The  plant  now  has  a  com- 
plete electrical  system,  and  it  is  believed 
that  there  will  be  plenty  of  work  for 
the  industry. 


Cobalt 

Oct.  17— Since  the  plant  of  the  Cobalt 
Hydraulic  Company  commenced  operat- 
ing, much  difficulty  has  been  experienced 
on  account  of  the  insufficiency  of  water 
in  the  Montreal  river,  and  it  was  feared 
that  the  low  water  during  the  winter 
would  seriously  curtail  the  power.  In 
order  to  remedy  this  the  company  is 
building  two  dams  on  Lake  Temagami, 
which  will  raise  the  level  of  the  water 
2',<  ft.,  and  will  direct  all  the  flow  into 
the  Montreal   river. 

The  steamboat  companies  operating  be- 
tween Latchford  and  Elk  Lake,  are  also 
building  a  dam  on  the  Montreal,  below 
the  former  place.  When  this  is  com- 
pleted some  time  next  spring,  the  boats 
will  be  able  to  run  the  mountain  chutes, 
without  making  a  portage.  This  will 
mean  only  one  portage  instead  of  three, 
as  formerly,  and  will  mean  a  saving  on 
freight. 

For  some  time  the  Crown  Reserve  and 
Kerr  Lake  mines  have  considered  the 
draining  of  Kerr  Lake,  but  heretofor"; 
their  negotiations  amounted  to  nothing 
on  account  of  the  attitude  taken  by  the 
Drummond  mines.  These  objections 
have  been  overcome,  and  the  matter  has 
been  definitely  decided  upon,  and  the 
•water  will  he  pumped  into  Cross  lake, 
a  short  distance  away,  and  at  a  lower 
elevation.  When  this  work  is  completed, 
these   mines   will   be   able   to   slope   the 


ore  under  the  lake.  It  is  stated  that  the 
marl  in  the  bottom  is  suitable  for  makini; 
cement,  and  if  this  is  subsequently  found 
to  be  the  case,  the  Crown  Reserve  may 
erect  a  cement  plant. 

The  litigation  between  the  Cobalt  Cen- 
tral mines  and  the  Thomas  Nevins  and 
Sons,  of  New  York,  has  come  to  an  end, 
and  the  High  Court  of  .Justice  has  de- 
cided that  the  whole  of  the  company's 
properties  and  effects  is  to  be  sold  by 
public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the  liqui- 
dator, E.  R.  C.  Clarkson,  Toronto,  Dec. 
28.  The  property  comprises  240  acres 
and  is  equipped  with  a  100-ton  concen- 
trator. It  is  stipulated  that  all  the  ore 
on  hand  is  to  remain  the  property  of  the 
liquidator,  and  that  the  purchaser  must 
undertake  to  concentrate  the  ore,  if  re- 
quired,  for  S2.75  per  ton. 


Toronto 

Oct.  17— Dr.  D.  B.  Dowling.  of  the 
Canadian  Geological  Survey,  who  has 
been  exploring  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
Rocky  mountains,  states  that  no  exten- 
sive or  valuable  deposit  of  minerals  will 
be  found  there.  The  geological  forma- 
tion is  not  of  a  mineral  character,  but 
chiefly  limestone  and  sandstone,  and  in 
his  opinion  the  true  mineral  formation  is 
to  be  found  in  the  inner  ranges  of  the 
Rockies,  which  display  lower  strata  of 
rock  in  which  minerals  have  been  de- 
posited. 

Lieut. -Col.  Tweedie  and  others,  of 
Chatham  and  Newcastle,  have  secured 
an  area  on  the  Miramichi  river.  New 
Brunswick,  which  is  reported  to  be  rich 
in  copper.  They  have  had  it  examined 
lately  by  an  expert  from  the  mining  de- 
partment at  Ottaw-a. 


Mexico  City 

Oct.  15 — The  activity  of  American  and 
other  foreign  capital  in  mining  in  the 
northwest  States — Sonora,  Chihuahua, 
Sinaloa  and  Durango — has  decidedly  in- 
creased during  recent  months  and  there  is 
prospect  of  a  continued  increase  as  the 
companies  get  their  properties  developed 
and  equipped,  this  stimulating  district 
activity.  The  construction  of  new  rail- 
roads has  much  to  do  with  this  revival 
but  it  is  also  attributed  to  the  successful 
outcome  of  several  large  companies  in 
the  region  in  the  past  few  years.  The  re- 
sults at  Sta.  Eulalia  and  Naica  have 
aroused  new  interest  in  all  the  ore-bear- 
ing limestone  camps  and  the  installation 
of  large  cyanide  plants  at  Parral  and 
elsewhere  has  established  the  possibilities 
of  many  camps  heretofore  restricted  be- 
cause of  freight  and  transportation 
charges.  The  inauguration  of  extensive 
hydroelectric  plants  insuring  cheap  power 
is  a  large  factor  in  the  revival,  particu- 
larly in  western  Chihuahua  and  in  parts 
of  Sonora.  There  is  prospect  of  a  con- 
tinued increase  of  mining  activities  in 
these  northwestern  States. 


830 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


>/ 


X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X    y 


Reports  of  Ne-w  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  arid  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining' 


Alaska 

Claims  in  the  Rainy  Hollow  district, 
back  of  Haines,  have  been  bonded  by 
John  Rosene  and  associates,  who  are 
figuring  on  constructing  a  railroad  from 
the  mines  to  Haines. 

Esther  Creelt's  famous  "lost  ray- 
streak,"  after  six  years'  search  that  cost 
prospectors  thousands  of  dollars,  has 
been  tapped,  and  a  pay  channel  of  coarse 
gold  was  penetrated  by  a  drill  on  No.  6 
below  discovery. 

Rush  &  Brou'n— This  mine,  Ketchikan 
district,  has  been  unwatered  and  is  being 
operated  under  the  management  of  U.  S. 
Rush.    The  ore  is  sent  to  Tacoma. 

Penn-Alaska^A  700-ft.  tunnel  has 
just  been  completed  on  this  property  on 
Taku  harbor.    Jesse  Blakely  has  charge. 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 
Denn-Arizona — Men  are  engaged  in 
prospecting  and  development.  The  sink- 
ing of  the  shaft  is  rapidly  progressing, 
and  on  Oct.  1,  a  depth  of  1574  ft.  had 
been  attained.  It  is  the  intention  to  drift 
on  the  1600-ft.  level  to  get  under  a  large 
leached  and  oxidized  area  on  the  1250- 
and  1350-levels.  The  water,  which  for  a 
time  greatly  handicapped  the  Denn  oper- 
ations, has  been  under  control  since  the 
installation  of  a  new  pumping  plant. 

Gila  County 

National  Mining  Exploration — The 
trustees  in  bankruptcy  of  the  company 
have  reached  an  agreement  with  N.  L. 
Amster  regarding  the  $100,000  note— se- 
cured by  3250,000  of  the  company's  first 
mortgage  bonds.  By  the  arrangement 
made,  Mr.  Amster  will  retain  the  col- 
lateral which  he  holds,  pending  a  re- 
organization, and  litigation  will  be  avoid- 
ed. The  property  of  the  company  will 
be  sold  at  auction  and  purchased  by 
the  protective  committee,  and  Mr.  Am- 
ster's  note  will  be  paid  from  the  proceeds 
of  the  sale.  The  committee  is  at  work 
on  a  plan  of  reorganization  which  will 
probably  call  for  an  assessment  of  20c. 
per  share. 

Arizona-Cananea  Mines  Corporation — 
A  merger  with  the  Boston-Miami  Copper 
Company  has  been  effected.  The  con- 
sideration paid  by  the  Arizona-Cananea 
to  the  Boston-Miami  and  the  interests 
controlling  the  Montezuma  claims,  which 
adjoin  the  property  of  the  Boston-Miami, 
and  which  are  made  a  part  of  this  mer- 
ger, is  $1,000,000  par  value  of  its  capital 
stock.  The  capitalization  of  the  Arizona- 
Cananea   has   not   been   increased.     The 


property  of  the  Boston-Miami  adjoins  the 
Live  Oak  mine  on  the  west  and  south, 
and  lies  southwest  of  Miami,  Inspiration 
and  Keystone  mines.  The  Arizona-Can- 
anea properties  adjoining  the  Greene- 
Cananea  consist  of  about  4000  acres.  In 
addition,  the  Arizona-Cananea  owns  sil- 
ver mines,  the  San  Antonio  and  San  An- 
tonio Extension,  south  of  its  Cananea 
properties.  H.  F.  Fay,  of  Boston,  and 
James  Gardner,  of  Montreal,  will  repre- 
sent the  Boston-Miami  interests  on  the 
board. 

Cactus — C.  W.  Pritchett,  consulting 
engineer  reports  as  follows:  "Drilling 
with  two  churn  drills  has  been  pushed 
during  the  summer  toward  the  north  and 
east  of  the  Hamilton  shaft  with  the  hope 
of  extending  the  ore  zone,  especially 
toward  the  north,  as  indications  pointed 
to  the  probability  that  the  orebody  had 
faulted  toward  the  south  and  that  a  con- 
tinuation might  be  found  north  of  the  re- 
verse fault.  Effort?  in  this  direction  have 
so  far  been  disappointing,  as  no  ore  of 
any  consequence  has  been  found  either 
north  or  east  of  the  faults  encountered 
ircm  the  Hamilton  shaft.  The  evidence 
indicates  that  the  altered  schist  is  shal- 
low. What  may  have  been  a  large  ore 
deposit  originally  has  been  eroded  until  a 
very  small  portion  remains.  Whether 
sufficient  remains  to  make  a  mine  will 
be  determined  by  the  next  two  or  three 
months'  drilling.  The  only  encouraging 
feature  is  that  the  stratification  of  the 
schist  seems  to  dip  toward  the  west  from 
the  Pinto  shaft  and  the  possibility  that 
this  schist  was  protected  to  a  greater  ex- 
tent from  erosion  than  portions  of  the 
area  further  east." 

Barney — The  management  has  aban- 
doned the  idea  of  shaft  sinking  on  the 
eastern  end  of  the  property  and  will  use 
churn  drills.  The  first  holes  will  be  on 
the  line  between  the  Barney  and  Live 
Oak  properties.  A  shaft  in  the  middle  of 
the  Barney  property  is  down  400  ft.  and 
one  of  the  first  holes  drilled  will  be  in 
the  bottom  of  this  shaft. 

Inspiration — An  official  notice  from 
H.  F.  J.  Knobloch,  secretary,  is  as  fol- 
lows: "The  board  of  directors  have  suc- 
ceeded in  having  all  the  preferred  stock 
of  the  company  converted  into  common 
stock  and  the  preferred  canceled.  The 
company  has  received  $2,022,920  for  the 
remaining  202,292  shares  of  coinmon 
stock  in  the  treasury,  which  is  at  the  rate 
of  SIO  per  share.  Of  this  treasury  stock,. 
100,000  shares  were  under  option  which 
expired  Sept.  18,  and  102,212  under  op- 
tion which  did  not  expire  until  Jan.   18, 


1911.  The  conversion  of  the  preferred 
stock  and  the  sale  of  the  common  stock 
leaves  the  company  with  1,000,000  shares 
of  common  stock  and  no  preferred  shares 
or  bonded  indebtedness  outstanding.  On 
Oct.  1,  1910,  the  mine  management  re- 
ported approximately  10,000,000  tons  of 
ore  blocked  out,  averaging  better  than  2 
per  cent,  copper.  This  tonnage  does  not 
include  partially  developed  or  indicated 
ore.  It  is  the  intention  to  immediately 
proceed  with  the  erection  of  a  concentrat- 
ing plant,  the  daily  capacity  of  which  will 
probably  be  5000  tons." 

Gila  Canon — A  copper  company  com- 
prised of  local  men  has  just  been  or- 
ganized to  develop  seven  claims  in  the 
Copper  Reef  district  25  miles  south  of 
San  Carlos.  The  proposed  line  of  the 
Arizona  Eastern  railroad  from  Christmas 
to  San  Carlos  runs  over  the  property.  A 
tunnel  is  being  driven. 

Pinal  County 

Ray  Central — It  is  understood  that  the 
General  Development  Company  will  de- 
cide not  to  exercise  its  option  on  the 
remaining  51,900,000  of  the  52,000,000. 
bond  issue.  A  new  plan  for  financing  the 
coinpany  is  being  formed. 

Ray  Consolidated — The  company  will 
put  out  82,000,000  of  bonds  convertible 
at  S20  per  share,  which  will  be  offered 
to  stockholders.  This  will  complete  the 
financing   of   the    company. 


California 

Amador  County. 

Central  Eureka — A  new  body  of 
medium-grade  ore  has  been  found  on  the 
2500  level  of  this  mine  at  Sutter  creek. 
The  mill  is  being  repaired  and  is  closer 
down  for  the  piesent. 

South  Eureka — The  new  steel  gallows 
frame  is  about  finished  and  the  shaft  is 
to  be  repaired. 

Kennedy — In  this  mine,  at  Jackson, 
they  have  recently  had  the  unusual  ex- 
perience of  a  strong  flow  of  water  on  the  . 
2700  level.  The  same  thing  has  oc- 
curred in  the  Bunker  Hill,  at  Amador 
City,  on  the  1950  level. 

Butte  County 

AI;7/('r— This  quartz  mine,  south  of 
Forbestown,  has  been  purchased  by  M.  J. 
Cooney  and  F.  J.  Storr.  The  mint  (S 
equipped  with  a  20-stamp  mill,  and  wa- 
ter-power hoist.  Work  has  begun. 
Calaveras  County 

IJahtner — An  option  has  been  given  on 
this  mine  at  Angels,  and  work  started. 
The  mine  was  closed  last  year  owing  to 


October  22.    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


8.31 


shifting  and  settling  of  the  ground.  The 
hoisting  works  will  be  rebuilt  and  a  three- 
compartment  shaft  has  been  started, 
which  is  to  be  sunk  2000  ft.  When  500 
ft.  is  reached  the  mill  will  be  started. 
Alexander  Chalmers  will  continue  as  su- 
perintendent. 

Fresno  County 
While  Cross — Coalinga  capital  is  back- 
ing this  property   at   Dunlap,   and   work 
will  be  continued  all  winter. 

Kern  County 

The  Houser  Brothers  and  Frederick 
■Williams  have  sold  under  bond  and  lease 
five  claims  in  the  Stringer  district,  near 
Randsburg,  where  there  is  more  activity 
than  there  has  been  for  years.  Devel- 
opment also  is  being  done  in  deep  placer 
mining. 

Nevada  County 

Prudential — This  property,  at  Grass 
Valley,  including  the  Slate  Ledge  and 
Perrin  claims,  has  levied  an  assessment 
to  pay  off  certain  claims  and  furnish 
funds  for  work.  The  mine  is  being 
pumped  out. 

Omega — It  is  expected  that  orders  will 
be  given  to  reopen  this  mine  at  Maybert, 
and   make    surface    improvements. 

Plumas  County 

Bear  Creek — This  company,  owning 
the  Golden  Ancient  Channel  property, 
near  Quincy,  has  attacked  the  gravel 
through  a  shaft,  through  the  lava  cap 
into  a  small  gravel  channel  and  then 
through  another  deposit  of  lava  into  the 
main  gravel  channel.  C.  C.  Smith,  of 
San  Jose,  is  the  principal  stockholder. 

Gold  Mountain — This  company  has  ap- 
plied for  permission  to  work  the  Hy- 
draulic King  mine,  near  Buck,  by  hy- 
draulic process. 

Franklin  —E.  P.  Vandercook  is  prepar- 
ing to  unwater  this  gravel  mine  at  Nel- 
son Point.  The  shaft  was  sunk  30  years 
ago,  by  Parke  &  Lacy,  for  the  Plumas 
Blue  Gravel  Company,  but  the  pumps 
in  use  failed  to  handle  the  water. 

Shasta  County 

Victor — The  mill  of  this  company,  at 
Harrison  Gulch,  is  completed,  and  the 
compressor  and  drills  ready. 

Afterthoueiht — This  property,  at  Ingot, 
owned  by  the  Great  Western  company, 
has  been  reopened.  In  addition  to  thi 
large  known  orebody,  a  new  one  wns 
lately  found  on  the  500  level.  S.  E. 
Brethcrton  is  manager. 

Sierra  County 
Peter  Carmichael  has  sold   his  gravel 

mine,  at  Howland  flat,  to  M.  Duval,  of 
'  Poker  flat,  and  operations  have  begun  on 
,it. 

I  Young  America — Examinations  have 
I  been  made  of  this  mine,  at  Forest,  and  it 
jis  expected  that  it  will  be  sold  by  J.  W. 

Morrell.  the  business  differences   of  the 

partners  having  been  adjusted. 


Kate  Hardy — This  mine,  at  Forest,  has 
been  placed  under  bond  to  Denver  cap- 
italists. In  case  the  sale  is  concluded  the 
mine  will  be  equipped  with  a  mill.  J.  D. 
Beggs  is  superindendent. 

Colorado 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 
American  Sisters — This  property,  on 
Columbia  mountain,  is  to  be  developed 
by  the  driving  ahead  of  the  Princess  of 
India  tunnel,  which  is  already  in  1200 
ft.,  and  will  intersect  the  American  Sis- 
ters in  1000  ft.  additional. 

Seven-Thirty — The  discovery  of  ricii 
ore  made  last  week  by  Charles  Lerchen, 
W.  Alkire  and  J.  Wilson  is  said  to  be 
3  to  5  in.  of  grey  copper,  galena  and  car- 
bonate of  zinc,  carrying  silver  as  high  as 
2000  oz.  per  ton.  and  1.10  oz.  gold.  The 
work  is  being  done  through  the  Hercules 
level,  1400  ft.  from  the  portal. 

Sco»— At  the  300  level  of  this  mine, 
on  Republican  mountain.  8-in.  ore  is  be- 
ing stoped  that  runs  65  per  cent.  lead  and 
40  oz.   silver. 

Waldorf — A  fine  body  of  copper  ore, 
carrying  gold,  has  been  opened  in  the 
Paymaster  vein,  near  its  junction  with  the 
Commonwealth.  It  is  shipped  direct  to 
the  smeltery. 

Lake   County — Leadville 

The  search  for  carbonate  of  zinc  in  the 
Leadville  old  mine  workings  and  dumps 
continues,  and  the  assaycrs  are  work- 
ing t'-ree  shifts  on  the  samples  that  arc 
brought  to  them  daily.  A  number  of  old 
shafts  have  been  found  to  contain  the 
calamine,  and  the  miners  are  applying 
for  leases.  It  now  appears  as  though 
Leadville  will  be  one  of  the  largest  zinc 
camps  in  the  United  States. 

Long  &  Derry — Work  has  been  re- 
sumed in  this  early-day  producer  of  a  big 
tonnage;  drifts  are  being  cleaned  out, 
and  shaft  retimbered.  The  lessees  will 
erect  a  chlorination  mill.  S.  G.  Collins 
is  manager. 

Clear  Grit  — This  group  is  being  devel- 
oped, and  a  new  shaft  sunk.  The  prop- 
erty is  under  the  management  of  Charles 
J.  Moore. 

Sugar  Loaf — Buildings  have  been 
erected,  and  winter  supplies  stored,  at  the 
portal  of  a  tunnel  on  the  McMahon  prop- 
erty, and  which  tunnel  will  be  driven  into 
the  hill  all  winter.    E.  McGee  is  manager. 

Dinero — In  the  first  week  of  this  month 
15  carloads  of  ore  were  shipped.  It 
came  from  the  main  orebody  near  the 
breast  of  the  tunnel,  and  is  widening. 
Last  month  500  tons  were  shipped,  the 
first  class  running  .SI 40.  and  the  second 
S40  per  ton. 

Bob — In  this  mine,  on  Breece  hill,  a 
good  body  of  2  oz.  gold  ore  has  been 
opened  up.  and  shipping  will  be  com- 
menced shortly.  It  is  under  lease  to 
Judge  Harrison  and  John  McKeegan. 


Waterloo — Charles  Cramer  &  Co., 
leasers  on  this  Carbonate  Hill  mine,  are 
shipping  about  200  tons  per  diem  of  iron 
and  carbonate  ore. 

Hayden — It  is  stated  that  the  Hayden 
shaft,  Fryer  hill,  where  the  carbonate  of 
zinc  in  paying  quantities  was  first  dis- 
covered, is  in  shape  to  send  out  30  tons 
daily,  averaging  nearly  40  per  cent.  zinc. 
The  shaft,  500  ft.  deep,  is  being  unwa- 
tered. 

Teller  County — Cripple   Creek 

The  churn  drill  from  the  El  Paso  shaft 
to  the  deep-drainage  tunnel  is  making  4 
ft.  a  day,  and  it  is  predicted  that  the  EI 
Paso  will  be  draining  into  the  tunnel  by 
Nov.   1. 

Stratton  Estate — From  the  Lucky  Gus 
lease  of  Moore  &  MacDonald,  on  No.  2 
shaft.  5  cars  of  gold  ore  were  shipped 
last  month,  which  averaged  $30  per  ton. 
IJdick  &  Co.,  from  the  joint  shaft,  300-ft. 
level,  shipped  5  cars  last  month  averag- 
ing S40   per  ton. 

American  Eagles— This  mine,  under 
lease  to  the  Colorado  Mines  Investment 
Company,  in  September  shipped  12  cars 
of  ore,  averaging  gold  $55  per  ton. 

Doctor-Jack  Pot — In  the  suit  involving 
extralateral  rights  to  veins  worked 
through  the  Littie  Clara,  the  Doctor-Jack 
Pot  has  for  the  second  time  been  success- 
ful over  the  Work  company,  as  on  Oct.  5, 
it  won  its  case  in  the  United  States 
Circuit  Court,  on  an  appeal  from  the  dis- 
trict court. 

Cresson — The  September  output  of  this 
mine  was  2500  tons  of   1-oz.   gold  ore. 

Pinto — About  4  carloads  per  week  are 
being  shipped  from  the  450-ft.  level  of 
the  Pinto  shaft,  by  the  Altman  Leasing 
Company,  the  output  last  month  being 
17  cars. 

Vindicator — The  September  output  of 
this  Bull  Hill  mine  was  2900  tons,  of  an 
average  value  of  about  $30  per  ton  in 
gold. 

Gold  Sovereign — The  Clements  Leas- 
ing Company,  operating  this  mine,  sent 
out  23  carloads  of  good  average-grade 
ore  in  September. 

Trilby — Twenty  carloads  of  good  aver- 
age-grade gold  ore  were  shipped  in  Sep- 
tember by  Olson  &  Van  Tilborg,  leasers. 


Idaho 
CouER  d'Alene  District 

Four  lead-silver  companies  of  the  Cceur 
d'Alene  district,  paid  over  .$360,000  in 
dividends  in  September.  The  Federal  paid 
its  holders  of  preferred  stock  ,$210,000, 
Ihe  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  paid  898,100, 
the  Hercules  probably  ,$40,000  and  the 
Hecla  .$20,000. 

There  is  much  activity  at  smaller  prop- 
erties in  the  Burke  section.  The  Orlander, 
which  adjoins  the  Idaho-Montana,  has  let 
a  1.50-ft.  contract.  At  the  Idaho-Montana 
two  shifts  are  employed  and  work  will  be 
kept  up  all  winter.    The  Hennessy-Burns 


832 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


has  rebuilt  the  cabins  destroyed  by  fire. 
At  the  Full  Moon  operations  are  under 
way  with  a  two-drill  compressor,  at  the 
Moonlight  a  compressor  will  be  installed. 
The  lower  tunnel  of  the  Trade  Dollar  will 
be  driven  1600  ft.  to  get  under  the  ore  in 
the  Moonlight  ground  at  800  ft.  depth. 
Eight  men  are  employed  on  the  Great 
Western  and  work  will  keep  up  through 
the  winter.  The  tunnel  has  been  driven 
1600  ft.  and  another  400  ft.  will  reach  the 
orebody.  The  Ajax  Mining  company  is 
planning  to  install  machinery.  Electric 
power  from  Spokane  will  be  used. 

Snow  Storm — This  mine  has  stopped 
production  and  laid  off  all  but  10  men 
because  of  the  refusal  of  the  Anaconda 
smeltery  to  accept  more  ore  for  fluxing, 
the  smeltery  being  able  to  obtain  the  ore 
needed  in  Butte. 

Hecla—].  F.  McCarthy,  of  Wallace,  has 
been  selected  president  to  succeed  Frank 
Upman,  of  Chicago,  who  takes  the  vice- 
presidency.  Mr.  Upman  was  the  succes- 
sor as  president  of  J.  R.  Smith,  of  Chi- 
cago, deceased.  Mr.  McCarthy  remains 
manager  and  treasurer  of  the  company. 
L.  E.  Hanley,  of  Wallace,  is  the  secretary. 
The  directorate  now  consists  of  Frank 
Upman,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Smith,  of  Chicago, 
Carl  Landsee  and  F.  J.  Kipp,  of  Milwau- 
kee, John  A.  Finch,  of  Spokane,  W.  J. 
C.  Wakefield,  of  Spokane  and  J.  F.  Mc- 
Carthy. 

Illinois 
Peabody  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany is  preparing  to  open  two  new  mines 
near  Taylorville  in  Christian  county.  The 
company  also  proposes  to  build  a  large 
power  house  at  Kincaid,  near  the  mines, 
and  to  arrange  for  the  transmission  of 
electric  power  to  other  points. 


Indiana 
Clay  County 
C.  Ehrlich  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany at  Turner  has  two  forces  of  drillers 
testing  the  coal  lands  on  which  it  has  an 
option  near  Staunton  with  a  purpose  of 
opening  the  coalfield.  The  company  has 
options  on  1000  acres  and  is  making  the 
drillings  to  determine  the  strength  of  the 
hard-pan  stratum  over  the  coal,  to  learn 
if  the  coal  can  be  mined  without  too 
great  expense. 

Wayne  County 
David  J.  Roberts,  president  and  engi- 
neer of  the  Short  Creek  Oil  and  Gas 
Company,  is  opening  and  operating  the 
oilfields  south  of  Richmond.  The  com- 
pany has  acquired  leases  on  1000  acres 
near  Short  Creek. 


Kansas 

The  production  of  the  Kansas  camps 
for  September  was  3,741,150  lb.  of 
blende,  49,040  lb.  of  calamine  and  1,075,- 
600  lb.  of  lead  concentrates  with  a  total 
value  rf  $102,860. 


Beacon  Hill — This  company  has  ac- 
quired a  10  per  cent,  lease  on  the  South- 
side  80-acre  tract  at  Galena  and  will  de- 
velop it.  This  tract  has  been  a  wonder- 
ful producer  in  the  upper  levels  and  the 
lower  runs  will  be  developed  while  the 
upper  levels  are  subleased.  Franklin 
Playter,  of  Joplin,  is  manager. 

Michigan 
Copper 

Isle  Royale — The  company  has  resumed 
sinking  at  No.  5  shaft  and  has  remodeled 
its  rock  house  toward  a  more  efficient 
method  of  rock  handling.  Sinking  and 
development  was  suspended  in  the  three 
southern  shafts  about  a  year  ago  and  all 
work  was  confined  to  sloping,  with  the 
result  that  a  much  better  yield  was  ob- 
tained and  the  property  was  able  to  meet 
expenses.  A  small  amount  of  drifting 
was  done  during  the  past  few  months. 

Mass — This  company  is  meeting  with 
improved  conditions  in  its  "C"  shaft, 
especially  in  the  west  drift  of  the  seventh 
level,  where  a  rich  run  of  ground  has 
been  encountered.  This  company  is 
shipping  about  250  tons  of  rock  daily. 

Adventure — The  new  vertical  shaft  at 
this  property  is  down  about  900  ft.,  or 
about  50  ft.  from  the  point  where  it  is 
calculated  that  the  first  of  the  series  of 
lodes  will  be  cut.  It  is  likely  that  sink- 
ing will  continue  without  interruption  to 
the  second  of  the  series,  which  lies  1000 
ft.  deeper,  depending  on  the  condition  of 
the  first  lode  when  cut,  for  the  drill  cores 
taken  near  the  shaft  showed  the  second 
lode   better   mineralized. 

Keweenaw — The  company  has  secured 
six  cores  from  the  Ashbed  lode,  all  show- 
ing copper  in  commercial  quality  and  the 
lode  50  ft.  wide.  The  drilling  has  been 
done  at  intervals  along  3600  ft.  and  the 
lode  revealed  at  a  depth  of  from  200  to 
300  feet. 

Indiana — The  company  has  cleared  a 
site  for  the  proposed  new  shaft  and  it 
is  likely  that  sinking  will  be  started  soon. 
The  site  is  'j  mile  from  the  main  line  of 
the  Copper  Range  railroad. 

Hancock — No.  2  vertical  shaft  is  down 
2560  ft.  and  has  passed  through  the  series 
of  lodes  known  as  Nos.  1,  2  and  3  Han- 
cock, No.  3  being  the  only  one  showing 
commercial  copper  at  the  intersection. 
The  shaft  will  be  continued  to  cut  the 
Quincy-Pewabic  lode  at  3500  ft.  Open- 
ings on  No.  3  lode  from  the  lOth  to  the 
18th  level  inclusive,  continue  yielding 
high-grade  stamp  rock.  The  surface 
equipment  will  be  ready  to  go  into  actual 
service  about  Jan.  1. 
Iron 

The  Colby  and  Ironton  mines  at  Besse- 
mer on  the  Gogebic  range  belonging  to 
Corrigan  McKinney  &  Co.  have  suspend- 
ed operations  for  a  time. 

Cleveland-Cliffs — The  company  has  de- 
cided to  reconstruct  the  shaft  at  the  Maas 


mine  at  Negaunee,  from  surface  to  the 
ore,  a  distance  of  175  ft.,  using  concrete 
instead  of  timber.  The  contract  has  been 
awarded  to  the  Foundation  Company.  It 
is  planned  to  begin  the  work  about  Dec. 
1.  It  is  expected  that  it  will  take  about 
five  months  to  complete  the  shaft. 


Minnesota 

Pioneer — Shipments  from  this  Oliver 
mine  at  Ely  have  practically  ceased  for 
this  season.  The  vertical  shaft  is  being 
sunk  200  ft.  below  the  1400  level.  Charles 
Trezona  is  general  superintendent. 

Section  Thirty  Mining — Shipments  this 
season  were  52.000  tons,  the  first  ore 
from  this  Vermilion  Range  mine  under 
the  present  management.  The  new  power 
plant  has  been  in  operation  two  weeks. 
Cottages  have  been  built,  and  a  post- 
office  established  under  the  name  of  Sec- 
tion Thirty. 

Alpena — This  mine  adjoins  the  old 
Sauntry  mine  near  Virginia.  Steam 
shovels  are  stripping  about  40  acres.  First 
shipments  of  ore  were  made  this  year. 
Complete  power  plant  and  two  steel  head- 
frames  have  been  erected  for  the  un- 
derground mining  on  a  portion  of  this 
property.  M.  S.  Hawkins,  Virginia,  is  gen- 
eral superintendent. 

Chandler — A  company  has  been  or- 
ganized to  reopen  this  old  mine  at  Ely. 
The  headframe  and  shaft  have  been  re- 
paired and  a  small  quantity  of  ore  is 
being  stocked. 

Pabst — The  new  compressor  plant  at 
this  Oliver  company  mine,  Ironwood,  was 
started  last  week.  This  plant  will  furnish 
air  of  the   adjoining   Aurora   mine. 

Aurora — The  steel  headframe  is  nearly 
completed.  Hoisting  equipment  is  being 
installed.  D.  E.  Sutherland,  Ironwood,  is 
superintendent. 

Section  16 — Concrete  foundations  are 
being  placed  at  the  old  shaft,  prepara- 
tory to  erecting  a  modern  steel  headframe 
and  ore  bins.  W.  H.  Johnston,  Ishpem- 
ing,   is   superintendent. 

Missouri 

The  production  for  September  in  the 
Alissouri  camps  was  37,392,000  lb.  of 
blende,  4,920,460  lb.  of  calamine  and  5,- 
212,070  lb.  of  lead  concentrates  with  .i 
total   value   of  Sl,018,378. 

Wilcox — This  company  has  completed 
the  mill  at  the  John  Jackson  mine.  Chit- 
wood. 

John  Wells  &  Co. — This  company  has 
made  a  strike  of  mineral  on  the  Isher- 
wood  land  west  of  Lehigh.  Twenty  ft. 
of  10  to  15  per  cent,  ore  has  been  struck 
at    140   ft.   deep. 

Eastern — This  company  has  been  pros- 
pecting a  tract  at  Lawton  northwest  of 
Joplin  and  has  ore  in  36  drill  holes.  A 
shaft  has  been  sunk  and  a  mill  will  be 
erected.  Walter  Ragland  of  Webb  City 
is  manager. 


Octofcer  22,    1910. 


THF    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


833 


Falls  City — This  company  will  erect  a 
400-ton  mill  on  the  lease  in  the  West 
Juplin  sheet-ground  district.  The  power 
\*ill  be  derived  from  a  gas  engine.  W.  S. 
Watson,  of  Joplin.  is  secretary.  The  mills 
now  built  or  being  built  in  this  district 
and  operating  on  the  sheet  ground  are 
the  Hercules,  Hackett,  Muskingum,  Sam- 
son, Kitty  Mack,  Cambria,  Hero  and 
Empire. 


Powell  County 

Peter  Sharrenbroich  and  John  P. 
Brusewitz  have  recently  located  two 
quartz  claims  near  the  Bald  Butte  mine, 
called  the  Senator  and  Clark.  The  vein, 
at  10  ft.,  is  15  in.  wide  and  gold  bearing. 


Montana 

Butte  District 

Butte  &  London — The  directors  have 
called  a  special  meeting  for  Nov.  8,  to 
consider  the  mortgaging  of  the  property 
to  raise  SIO.OOO,  with  which  to  pay  a 
judgment  recently  secured  by  M.  A. 
Beeler. 

Davis-Daly — At  the  annual  meeting,  in 
Portland,  Me.,  the  stockholders  reelected 
W.  C.  Shaw  and  Maurice  Levy  as  direc- 
tors. The  financial  statement  of  June  30. 
1910,  shows  assets  of  86,808,250;  cash 
on  hand,  S702,136,  and  surplus  or  work- 
ing capital,  5544,888. 

Tuolumne — Development  is  being  done 
to  prove  the  continuity  of  the  vein  which 
the  North  Butte  company  claims.  An 
incline  shaft  has  been  sunk  from  surface 
135  ft.  on  the  footwall. 

BEAVERHE/iD    COUNTY 

Copper  Queen — Lynch  &  Bennett  have 
obtained  a  lease  on  the  mine,  30  miles 
south  of  Dillon.  A  boiler,  compressor 
and  drills  will  be  bought.  The  mine  has 
been  idle. 

Fergus  County 

japan  Coal  Company — The  company 
has  been  organized  by  Meagher  and  Fer- 
gus county  business  men;  capital,  SIOO,- 
000;  B.  T.  Stevens,  of  Harlowton,  pres- 
ident. The  properties  are  at  the  new 
town  of  Japan,  between  Musselshell  and 
Milstone,  in  the  Carpenter  Creek  coal 
district.  The  company  plans  operations 
at  once. 

Granite  County 

Stringlc  &  Waters  have  finished  for 
this  season's  work  on  their  placer  claims, 
at  Sapphire  gulch.  The  work  has  con- 
sisted mainly  of  building  reservoirs  and 
ditches,  but  they  got  in  a  bedrock  flume 
and  cleared  up  a  considerable  quantity 
of  sapphires  and  some  rubies  and  dia- 
monds. Next  season  the  hydraulic  sys- 
tem will  be  ready. 

Jefferson  County 
/fmg  Solomon  Mining  Company — 
Prof.  F.  T.  Havard,  of  Madison,  Wis., 
has  finished  making  an  examination  of 
the  property  in  the  Clancy  district.  Ho 
estimates  that  there  is  ,'^300,000  of  ore 
above  the  500- ft.  level,  and  from  S500,- 
000  to  $1,000,000  below  that  level. 

Lincoln  County 
Shaughnessy     Hill     Group — The     new 
buildings,    replacing    those   destroyed    by 
the  forest  fires,  have  been  completed  and 
operations  resumed. 


Nevada 

Esmeralda  County 

Florence — The  timbering  of  the  new 
three-compartment  shaft  is  complete 
from  the  530-ft.  level  to  the  surface,  and 
with  the  hanging  of  the  big  3-ton  skips 
the  Florence  will  have  one  of  the  best 
equipped  shafts  in  the  State.  Sinking 
will  be  started  from  the  530  level  and 
exploration  of  the  lower  ground  com- 
menced. 

Combination  Fraction — Steady  produc- 
tion of  50  tons  daily  is  keeping  the 
leased  mine  of  the  Nevada-Goldfleld  Re- 
duction Company  in  operation. 

Goldfield  Conscklidated — The  mill  has 
been  working  at  maximum  capacity  for 
the  last  month,  treating  900  tons  daily. 
The  orebody  on  the  1000-ft.  level  of  the 
Clermont  is  holding  up  splendidly  under 
development. 

Black  Butte — It  is  reported  that  the 
legal  complications  growing  out  of  the 
recent  election  of  officers  when  the  com- 
pany was  reorganized,  will  soon  be  set- 
tled, and  operations  started. 

Humboldt  County 

National — The  recent  strike  on  the 
Butler,  Prout  &  Hyde  lease  at  500  ft. 
north  of  the  company  workings  is 
thought  to  be  a  new  opening  on  the  old 
vein  rather  than  the  discovery  of  another 
lode. 

Seven  Troughs-Caesar — A  gold-silver 
strike  has  been  made  550  ft.  from  the 
portal    of   the   development    tunnel. 

Lincoln  County 

Prairie  Flower — A  car  a  week  of  ore, 
carrying  60  to  70  per  cent,  lead,  is  being 
shipped  by  J.  Will  Knight. 

Alunite — This  company  has  elected 
Prof.  Robert  T.  Hill  president.  Mr.  Hill 
is  now  in  Nevada  arranging  to  resume 
operations. 

Lyon  County 
Nevada  -  Douglas  —  General  Manager 
Duncan  McV'ichie  has  issued  a  report 
showing  what  can  be  expected  from  the 
property  upon  the  completion  of  the 
Mason  Valley  smeltery.  The  company 
owns  the  Copper  Belt  railroad  and  this, 
if  is  believed,  will  realize  8200,000  an- 
nually. The  general  average  of  the  ore 
is  given  as  56  per  cent,  copper,  and  a  4c. 
profit  is  estimated  on  a  13c.  market, 
with  an  annual  production  of  12,7.SO.OOO 
pounds.  It  is  reported  that  definite  ne- 
gotiations for  the  sale  of  the  property 
to  the  Cole-Ryan  interests  are  in  pro- 
gress. 


Nye  County 
Tonopah    Extension — The     record     for 
September  shows  almost  140  tons  treated 
daily,  with  an  extraction  between  92  and 
93  per  cent,   in  the   30-stamp   mill. 

Keane- Wonder— zOeve\opments  in  the 
mine  justify  general  expansion  through- 
out the  property,  according  to  General 
Manager  Wilson.  A  Sullivan  compressor 
with  a  steam  engine  and  machine  drills 
has  been  purchased.  The  capacity  of 
the  reduction  works  will  soon  be  doubled. 

White  Pine  County 
Nevada  Consolidated — The  company  is 
taking  advantage  of  the  curtailment  to 
remove  overburden  at  the  pit  at  Copper 
Flat.  Six  shovels  are  at  work,  the  larg- 
est number  employed  there  at  one  time 
since  the  pit  was  opened.  One  shovel  is 
at  the  Liberty  pit  stripping.  Efforts 
have  been  made  to  reach  an  agreement 
between  the  management  and  the  miners' 
union  by  which  the  Veteran  mine  of  the 
Cumberland- Ely  could  be  reopened.  The 
mine  was  closed  in  July,  1909,  on  ac- 
count of  labor  troubles. 

New  Mexico 

Dona  Ana  County 

In  the  Organ  Mountain  district  the  dis- 
covery of  nickel  by  Messrs.  Davis  and 
Clark  on  the  San  .Augustine  claims,  is  re- 
ported. The  Dona  Dora  comoany  will 
continue  its  150-ft.  tunnel.  The  Mormon 
Gold  Company  is  sinking  the  shaft,  now 
150  ft.  deep.  On  the  Chippewa,  Paul 
Davis  is  sinking  and  crosscutting  at  the 
150-ft.  level  to  reach  the  Excelsior  ore- 
shoot.  George  Martin  has  opened  up 
his  copper  claims  between  the  Bennett- 
Stephenson  and  the  Modoc.  Robert  Mar- 
tin, of  Salem,  Va.,  is  doing  work  on 
property  near  the  Bennett-Stephenson. 

Bennett-Stephenson  —  This  company 
has  bought  the  Stephenson-Bennett  prop- 
erty and  arrangements  are  rbout  com- 
pleted to  commence  active  operations 
v,ith  M.  J.  Dailey  as  general  manager. 
The  latter,  in  company  with  C.  E.  Head, 
of  McAlester.  Okla.,  and  J.  I.  McCul- 
lough,  has  recently  made  an  examina- 
tion of  the  properties  of  the  Organ  dis- 
trict on  the  west  side  of  the  mountains. 
Grant  County 

The  Empire  Zinc  Company  is  shipping 
zinc  carbonates  from  the  Hanover  dis- 
trict to  Mineral  Point.  Wis.  A.  S.  Dickie 
is  shipping  zinc  ore  to  Altoona.  Kan., 
from  claims  adjoining  the  Hanover  Cop- 
per Company. 

American  Exploration  and  Mining 
Company—  This  Boston  company  has  in- 
stalled a  hoist  and  compressor  and  is 
sinking  at  the  National  Bank  mine,  near 
Steeplerock.  The  shaft  is  120  ft.  deep. 
As  soon  as  sufficient  development  has 
been  accomplished  a  cyanide  mill  will 
be  constructed.  W.  Franklin  Burnham, 
of  Boston,  is  managing  director  and  John 
A.  Rice,  of  El  Paso,  consulting  engineer. 


834 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  and  Iron 
Company — The  financial  statement  for 
the  two  months  of  the  fiscal  year  from 
July  1  to  Aug.  31  shows  gross  earnings, 
S3,399,769;  expenses,. S3,755,428;  deficit, 
5355,659.  As  compared  with  last  year 
there  was  an  increase  of  522,510  in  gross 
earnings,  and  an  increase  of  $199,494  in 
the  deficit. 


Oklahoma 

The  production  for  September  from  the 
Oklahoma  camps  amounted  to  2,020,200 
lb.  of  blende  and  680.160  lb.  of  lead  con- 
centrates .with  a  total  value  of  551,143. 


Utah 

Beaver  County 

Moscow — Suit  has  been  brought  by  the 
Moscow  Bonanza  Mining  Company 
against  the  Moscow  Mining  Company. 
The  suit  arises  from  the  fact  that  some 
years  ago  the  Moscow  sunk  a  shaft  near 
the  lines  of  the  Moscow  Bonanza  claims. 
The  exact  location  of  the  boundary  is  in 
dispute.  Within  the  past  year  good  ore 
has  been  mined  from  this  shaft.  The 
Bonanza  company  claims  that  some  of 
this  ore  has  been  extracted  from  its 
ground,  and  has  brought  suit. 

Ulah  Mining  and  Milling — The  shaft 
on  the  Lady  Bryan  claims  has  been  sunk 
to  the  300-ft.  level,  a  station  made,  and 
crosscutting  started  for  the  vein.  On  the 
200  the  orebody  has  been  opened  for 
over  100  ft.  east  and  west,  and  is  said 
to  be  up  to  40  ft.  wide.  Ore  carrying 
copper  and  silver  has  been  found  in  the 
cave  which  was  recently  encountered. 
The  cave  is  60  ft.  long  by  20  ft.  in  width. 
A  new  hoist  of  larger  capacity  than  the 
one  now  in  use  will  be  installed. 

South  Utah — The  annual  meeting  will 
be  held  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Oct.  17.  It  is 
reported  that  E.  P.  Earle  will  hereafter 
market  the  output  of  the  South  Utah. 
With  the  rounding  out  of  milling  opera- 
tions the  working  forces  are  being  in- 
creased. Twenty  machine  men  have  left 
Salt  Lake  City   for  the  property. 

Juab  County 

Yankee  Consolidated — A  notice  of  as- 
sessment No.  3,  calling  for  2c.  a  share 
has  been  mailed.  The  statement  says  that 
assessments  No.  1  and  No.  2  were  levied 
the  payment  of  an  overdraft  of  525,000, 
and  to  provide  for  new  hoisting  equip- 
ment capable  of  sinking  to  2500  ft.  A 
225-h.p.  double-drum  electric  hoist  with 
2800  ft.  of  \^<f-\n.  steel  cable  was  in- 
stalled at  an  approximate  cost  of  SIO.OOO, 
and  a  contract  was  given  for  sinking  from 
the  900-ft.  level.  Prospecting  is  being 
done  on  the  upper  levels. 

Tintic  Standard — The  objective  point  of 
the  drilling  operations  is  the  contact  of 
limestone  and  quartzite,  which  is  ex- 
pected to  be  reached  soon.  The  cores  for 
the   last  50   ft.  have  shown   mineralized 


quartz,  carrying  gold  and  silver.  A  dis- 
tance of  275  ft.  from  the  shaft  has  been 
obtained. 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell — At  the  annual 
meeting,  Oct.  8,  the  following  directors 
were  elected:  J.  P.  Graves,  H.  M.  Sweet, 
F.  H.  Williams.  G.  E.  Davis,  I.  Pett,  D.- 
Mac Vichie,  and  F.  R.  Sands.  Control 
of  the  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell  is  held  by  the 
Bingham  Mines  Company,  the  successor 
to  the  former  Bingham  Consolidated 
Mines  and  Smelting  Company.  The  most 
important  development  during  the  past 
year  was  the  discovery  of  a  large  ore- 
body  from  the  1000- ft.  level,  to  work 
which  properly  the  company  determined 
to  sink  a  new  shaft.  Connections  be- 
tween the  shaft  and  raise  from  the  1000- 
ft.  level  were  made  Oct.  10.  The  two 
workings   connected   perfectly. 

Salt  Lake  County 

A  merger  has  been  proposed  involving 
several  properties  in  Alta,  among  which 
are  the  South  Hecla,  Continental  Alta, 
City  Rocks  and  South  Columbus.  Bos- 
ton and  Michigan  interests  are  said  to  be 
connected  with  this  move.  Should  the 
consolidation  be  brought  about,  it  is 
planned  to  drive  a  drain  and  operating 
tunnel  over  a  mile  long. 

Utah  Copper — The  main  stope  of  the 
Boston  Consolidated  sulphide  mine  caved 
a  few  weeks  ago,  and  operations  have 
been  suspended  in  this  part  of  the  prop- 
erty.   It  is  intended  to  reopen  this  ground. 

Montana  Bingham — The  property  of 
Bingham  Butte  Consolidated  has  been 
transferred  to  this  company.  The  Mon- 
tana company  assumes  the  debts  of  the 
old  company.  Stockholders  of  the  Bing- 
ham Butte  can  exchange  their  stock  share 
for  share  in  the  new  company  if  ex- 
changed before  Oct.  18,  otherwise  stock 
which  is  being  held  for  exchange  will  be 
used  for  treasury  purposes.  An  assess- 
ment of  2c.  a  share  has  been  levied  on 
the  new  stock.  W.  E.  Hubbard  is  presi- 
dent. 


Washington 

Ferry  County 

Tenderfoot — Operations  at  this  prop- 
erty have  been  resumed  by  William 
O'Brien. 

Spokane  County 

The  Washington  Steel  and  Iron  Com- 
pany, of  Spokane,  will  erect  a  20-ton  fur- 
nace at  Leavenworth,  for  the  treatment  of 
magnetic  iron  ore  from  the  prope'rty  near 
Blewett.    E.  H.  Rothert  is  manager. 

Wyoming 

The  first  car  assignment  of  asbestos 
has  been  shipped  to  Denver  from  the  new 
mill  of  the  International  Asbestos  Mills 
and  Power  Company,  at  Casper.  It  was 
sold  to  the  Denver  Asbestos  Covering 
Company.  Five  other  cars  of  fiber,  of  25 
to  30  tons  each,  are  being  loaded  for 
shipment. 


Canada 

Ontario 

Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Oct.  8  were:  Buffalo,  56,100  lb.; 
Chambers-Ferland,  58,800;  Cobalt  Town- 
site,  88,000;  Coniagas,  138,300;  Crown 
Reserve,  58,740;  Kerr  Lake,  303,280; 
La  Rose,  238,530;  McKinley-Darragh, 
108,820;  Nipissing,  440,780,  O'Brien, 
,58,800;    total,    1,550,150   pounds. 

Crown  Reserve — The  directors  have  is- 
sued a  report  for  the  nine  months  ended 
Sept.  30,  showing  receipts  SI, 150,303; 
operating  expenses,  5184,128;  royalty  paid 
to  government,  5108,889;  leaving  net 
profits  of  5857,286.  Dividends  were  paid 
amounting  to  5795,966,  leaving  a  balance 
of  561,320,  which  brings  the  total  sur- 
plus up  to  5610,595. 

Temiskaming — The  payment  of  divi- 
dends at  3  per  cent,  per  quarter  has 
been  resumed.  The  mill  is  making  51000 
per  day  over  expenses  from  low-grade 
ore  from  the  dumps  raised  in  develop- 
ment. 

Mount  Royal — At  the  annual  meeting 
in  Montreal,  Oct.  13,  it  was  decided  to 
defer  work  on  the  mine  until  next  year 
and  to  secure  funds  by  placing  200,000 
shares  on  the   London  market. 

Sai'age — A  new  vein  carrying  silver 
has  been  found  on  the  80-ft.  level  of  this 
Cobalt  property.  The  monthly  produc- 
tion is  about  60,000  ounces. 

Chambers-Ferland — A  statement  of  this 
Cobalt  company's  affairs  as  of  Aug.  31 
shows  assets  of  about  $130,000  cash  and 
bills  receivable  and  ore  reserves  esti- 
mated  at    146.700   ounces. 

Ontario — Porcupine 

The  Porcupine  Mine  Owners'  Associa- 
tion announces  that  the  Consolidated 
Goldfields  Company,  of  South  Africa,  has 
purchased  two  claims  in  the  third  conces- 
sion of  Tisdale,  in  the  center  of  the  Por- 
cupine district,  having  an  area  of  320 
acres.  On  one  of  these  properties  a  vein 
showing  free  gold.  12  to  15  ft.  in  width 
has  been  discovered  and  traced  for  about 
225  ft.  Two  shafts  are  down  20  ft.,  at 
which  point  the  showing  is  equal  to  that 
on  the  surface. 

Armstrong-McGibhon— On  this  group, 
in  North  Tisdale,  the  main  vein  has  been 
shown  at  points  for  a  distance  of  630  ft. 
At  the  eastern  end  of  the  vein  a  shaft  has 
been  sunk  to  14  ft.  At  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft  free  gold  shows  in  five  places.  One 
hundred  and  forty  feet  to  the  west  a  test 
pit  on  the  vein  shows  free  gold.  Four 
hundred  and  ninety  feet  to  the  west  of 
the  test  pit  a  space  20  by  60  ft.  shows 
free  gold.  Orders  have  been  given  to 
strip  the  vein  for  the  entire  distance  and 
to  sink  two  shafts,  one  at  the  eastern  end 
and  one  at  the  western  end  of  the  out- 
crop. Frank  C.  Armstrong  has  returned 
to  New  York  from  the  property. 


October  22,    1910. 


THE    HNUINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


835 


Mexico 
Chihuahua 

The  production  of  the  Parral  camp  for 
September  was  about  50.000  tons,  two- 
thirds  of  which  was  locally  milled.  This 
is  a  substantial  increase  over  preceding 
months  and  is  explained  in  part  by  the 
increased  mining  of  silicious  ores.  The 
milling  tonnage  will  show  marked  in- 
crease with  the  early  operation  of  the 
Palmilla  and  Veta  Colorado  mills. 

Princessa — Half  payment  of  100,000 
pesos  was  lately  made  on  this  property  in 
the  Cusihuiriachic  camp  by  the  Explora- 
tion Company  of  England  &  Alexico.  and 
larger  scale  developments  will  be  inaugu- 
rated under  the  direction  of  Charles 
Beresford. 

Julieta — This  gold  property  in  the  Al- 
moloya  section  is  reported  sold  through 
Paul  Ginther  to  English  capitalists  who 
are  to  begin  extensive  work.  The  prop- 
erty is  credited  with  a  production  of  over 
51,000,000  and  with  large  bodies  of  cyan- 
iding  ore  available.  The  new  owners 
will  probably  erect  a  large  amalgamation- 
cyanidation   plant  soon. 

Calabacillas — The  operators  of  this 
old  gold-silver  mine  reached  from  Fuerte, 
Sinaloa,  are  planning  on  the  early  erec- 
tion of  a  100-ton  cyanide  plant.  The 
property  is  developed  to  800  feet. 

San  Ygnacio — This  mine,  about  85  miles 
south  of  El  Paso  has  been  purchased 
from  Lewis  Vidal  and  Tom  Johnson  by 
W.  Franklin  Burnham  and  associates,  of 
Boston.  The  property  has  produced  con- 
siderable silver-lead  and  high-grade  sil- 
ver ore.  The  dry  concentrating  mill  on 
the  property  is  being  remodeled.  John  A. 
Rice,  of  El  Paso,  is  consulting  engineer 
for  the  new  company,  called  the  San 
Ygnacio  Mining  and  Milling  Company. 

Arizona-Parral  Mining  Company — The 
properties  of  the  American  Zinc  Extrac- 
tion Company  in  the  Parral  camp  have 
been  transferred  to  this  company.  E. 
E.  Swain  will  continue  in  charge. 

DlJRANCO 

Mexico  Consolidated — A  plan  of  re- 
organization has  been  adopted  and  a  new 
company  is  to  be  organized  known  as  the 
Mexico  Consolidated  Mining  and  Milling 
Company,  with  a  capital  of  Sl,500.000, 
divided  into  300,000  shares  of  the  par 
value  of  .S5.  Two  hundred  and  forty 
thousand  shares  are  to  be  offered  to  the 
stockholders  of  the  old  company  in  ex- 
change share  for  share  on  payment  of  SI 
per  share  in  suitable  installments;  33,000 
at  S5  per  share  in  payment  to  creditors; 
and  27,000  shares  reserved  for  treasury 
purposes.  The  new  company  pays  the 
old  SIO.OOO,  and  assumes  its  debts 
amounting  to  $326,075,  and  gives  the  old 
stockholders  the  right  to  exchange  one 
share  of  old  for  one  share  of  new  on  pay- 
ment of  ,S1  per  share.  The  new  company 
settles  with  creditors  as  follows:  To 
Stallforths— C?sh,  $67,000:  stock  at  par. 


$165,000;  to  banks,  cash,  S83,000;  to 
laborers,  etc.,  cash,  547,075.  To  insure 
the  requisite  cash  a  syndicate  agrees  to 
take  any  delinquent  stock  and  pay  the 
assessment.  The  new  company  will  be 
free  from  "debt  and  incumbrances  and 
will  have  working  capital  as  follows: 
Minimum,  $32,924;  if  all  exchange,  $42,- 
924. 

Hidalgo  . 
In  the  Pachuca  district  the  Nevada  y 
Anexas  company  will  commence  opera- 
tions on  the  Analco  vein  west  of  Pachuca. 
The  San  Felipe  de  Jesus  mine,  near  the 
Cabrera,  in  the  Real  del  Monte  section 
will   resume. 

A  concession  has  been  applied  for  by 
Gabriel  Mancera  to  establish  an  electric 
generating  plant  at  El  Chico.  The  waters 
of  the  Milagro  and  Tetitlan  rivers  have 
been  denounced.  There  is  an  available 
fall  of  725  ft.  In  addition  to  the  water 
obtainable  from  the  two  streams,  it  is 
also  intended  to  utilize  the  water  which 
supplies  the  motive  power  to  the  Adjun- 
tas  plant,  belonging  to  the  Arevalo  com- 
pany, which  supplies  power  and  light  in 
the  Neptune  tunnel.  This  tunnel  is  driv- 
en more  than  2000  m.,  and  right-of-way 
has  been  secured  to  continue  the  tunnel 
into  the  Pachuca  district,  a  total  length 
of  10  kilometers. 

Jalisco 
Almoloya — This  Mexico  City  company, 
operating  in  the  .Ameca  district,  is  turn- 
ing out  from  2  to  3  tons  of  concentrates 
daily.  Shipment  is  made  to  San  Luis 
Potosi.  A  tunnel  being  driven  160  m. 
to  cut  the  vein  200  ft.  below  the  pres- 
ent workings  and  350  ft.  below  the  out- 
crop will  be  soon  completed.  The  ca- 
pacity of  the  concentrating  plant  will  be 
then  enlarged. 

Bolaiios — The  famous  old  producers  of 
the  Bolaiios  district,  control  of  which  was 
recently  acquired  by  the  Bradbury  in- 
terests of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  will  be  un- 
watered  and  worked  by  the  Mexican 
Mines  Company,  just  organized  with  a 
capital  of  $500,000.  Pumping  equip- 
ment has  been  shipped  from  the  United 
States.  The  old  road  from  Zacatecas  to 
the  mines,  165  miles,  is  being  repaired. 
F.  W.  Oldfield  is  in  charge. 

Zuloaga — This  antigua,  in  the  San 
Martin  de  Bolanos  camp,  20  miles  south 
of  the  old  Bolaiios  mines,  has  been  taken 
over  by  St.  Paul  men  represented  by 
C.  D.  O'Brien.  Jr.  The  mine  has  been 
recently  the  property  of  Patrick  Fitz- 
gerald, manager  of  the  Lupita  Mines 
Company,  operating  in  the  Mascota  dis- 
trict. The  old  workings  are  extensive, 
and  there  is  much  milling  ore  available. 
A  company  will  be  formed  to  reopen  and 
work  it. 

Magistral- Ameca- — A  new  body  of  4 
per  cent,  copper  ore  has  been  opened  in 
the  Magistral  mine.  A  Dunham  table 
has  been  installed  for  experimental  pur- 


poses in  the  concentrating  plant.  The 
Elmore  flotation  process  has  been  aband- 
oned, because  it  is  reported  satisfactory 
results  were  obtained  only  with  clean 
sulphide   ore. 

Mexico 

El  Oro — In  September  the  mills 
crushed  11,710  tons,  yielding  bullion, 
$129,160.  The  working  expenses  were 
$38,370  and  development  $8,600,  leaving 
profit  .$82,190. 

Mexico  Mines — In  September  the  mill 
crushed  30,012  tons,  yielding  bullion. 
$199,140.  The  working  expenses  were 
$88,610,  and  development  $22,000,  leav- 
ing profit  S88.530.  Profit  on  railway 
$4000. 

Sinaloa 

Butters  Copala  Syndicate — The  limited 
development  in  progress  since  the  mill 
shut  down  last  year  has  been  stopped. 
G.  A.  Swanquist,  who  has  been  in  charge, 
has  left  for  the  Butters  mines  in  Sal- 
vador. The  work  since  the  shutdown  has 
proved  the  existence  of  higher-grade  ore, 
but  it  will  require  much  development  to 
make  it  available  in  sufficient  quantities 
to  give  a  profitable  average  in  combina- 
tion with  the  lower-grade  ores  of  the 
mines.  Mr.  Butters  is  expected  to  ar- 
range   for   resumption   soon. 

Panuco — Negotiations  for  the  sale  of 
these  mines  to  London  interests  have 
been  in  progress  recently.  The  pricf 
asked    is  6.000,000  pesos. 

Palmarito — The  new  cyanide  plant,  1 
miles  from  Casal  station,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific,  is  in  commission.  There  are  20 
stamps  and  two  tube  mills.  The  capacity 
is  180  tons  daily.  Philadelphia  men  com- 
pose the  company,  and  C.  D.  Smith  is  in 
charge. 

SONORA 

Cananea-Boston — Crosscutting  has 
been  started  on  the  first  level  of  the 
initial   shaft. 

South  Tigre — The  final  payment  on  the 
Porvenir  claim,  amounting  to  $28,000. 
was  made  last  week  by  William  Rynerson 
in  behalf  of  the  company. 

Black  Mountain — A  reorganization  for 
the  purpose  of  securing  funds  for  devel- 
opment is  the  plan  of  this  company. 
The  ore  in  sight  at  present  does  not  run 
more  than  S3  to  the  ton,  and  while  this  is 
abundant,  it  is  too  low  to  more  than  pay 
operating  expenses. 

Santa  Teresa — Prospectors  from  Can- 
anea  claims  to  have  discovered  the  exact 
site  of  this  famous  old  silver  mine,  which 
has  been  lost  since  the  Indian  i.prisln:: 
of   1820. 

Bl  Triunfo — This  company,  owning  a 
partially  developed  gold  property  near 
Arizpe,  has  finished  the  concentrator  and 
is   erecting   a   smeltery. 

San  Bernardo — This  concern  has  been 
operating  its  10-stamp  mill  continuously 
since  Sept.  1. 


836 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


-    THE  MARKETS    ^ 

Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 


New  York,  Oct.  19 — In  the  West  trade 
is  gradually  working  around  to  a  normal 
basis.  The  working  mines  are  all  busy, 
and  coal  stocks  are  being  made  up  as 
fast  as  transportation  facilities  will  per- 
mit. There  is  some  improvement  re- 
ported in  car  supply,  but  it  is  still  below 
the  requirements  of  the  trade. 

In  the  East  the  bituminous  trade  shows 
a  welcome  improvement.  The  anthracite 
trade  is  quiet  and  steady. 

The  long  stage  of  low  water  in  the 
Ohio  was  broken  last  week  by  a  rise.  It 
was  not  sufficient  to  help  the  Pittsburg 
shippers;  but  600.000  bu.  were  sent  out 
of  the  Kanawha  river  to  Cincinnati  and 
Louisville. 

Western  Coal  Rates— The  Department 
of  Justice  at  Washington  has  begun  an 
investigation  of  the  charges  filed  by  the 
Ohio  Coal  Operators'  Association  against 
the  railroads.  The  charges  are  that  ex- 
isting railroad  rates  on  coal  constitute 
unfair  discrimination  in  favor  of  West 
Virginia  coal;  and  further  that  favors 
have  been  granted  to  coal  companies 
owned  or  controlled  by  the  railroad  com- 
panies. The  investigation  is  directed  by 
Assistant  Attorney  General  Harrison  as 
special  agent  of  the  department. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Coal   and   coke   tonnage   originating  on 

all   lines   of   the     Pennsylvania     Railroad 

Company    east    of    Pittsburg     and     Erie, 

nine  months  ended  Sept.  30,  short  tons: 

190<.i.            1910.  Changes. 

7.924,9154  8,039,277  I.     114,313 

28,232,854  30,320,993  I.  2.088,139 

8.153,629  10,192,013  I.  2,038,384 


Anthracite... 
Bituminous. 
Coke 


Total 

The  total 


.    .  44,311,447    48,5.12,283      I.  4,240,836 

increase  reported  this  year 
was  9.6  per  cent. 

Anthracite-coal  tonnage  of  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  railroad,  eight  months  ended  Aug. 
31,  was  500,43!  tons  in  1909,  and  564,672 
in  1910;  increase,  64,241  tons. 

Coastwise  shipments  of  coal  from  lead- 
ing Atlantic  ports,  eight  months  ended 
Aug.  31,  long  tons: 

Anthracite.    Bltu 


Total.    PerCt. 


NewYorlt....  !l,47r,,807 
Phllaili'lphla  1.304,371 
Baltimore....        102,809 

Newp't  News     

Norfollt 


7,531,427     lfi.828,2.34 
3,135.238       4.439,r.()0 


2,424.044 
1,955.049 
2,2fii;,nU 


2,580,8.53 
1,9.55,049 
2,200,014 


.59  9 
15.8 
9.2 
7.0 
8.1 


Total 10.943,987     17,132,372    28,070,359    100,0 

Total,  1909,  10.903.388     15.741.848    20,045,230     

Total  increase  this  year.  1,431,123 
tons,  or  5.4  per  cent.  New  York  includes 
all  the  harbor  shipping  points.  Norfolk 
includes  Sewall's  Point. 

Coal  receipts  at  San  Francisco,  eight 
months  ended  Aug.  31,  were  256,390  tons 


in  1909,  and  203,239  in  1910;  decrease, 
53,151   tons. 

Coal  passing  Davis  Island  dam  on  the 
Ohio,  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31.  was 
2,360,370  short  tons  in  1909,  and  1,500,- 
145  in  1910;  decrease,  860,225  tons. 

Coal  passing  down  Great  Kanawha 
river.  West  Virginia,  eight  months  ended 
Aug.  31,  was  990,372  tons  in  1909,  and 
878,840  in  1910;  decrease,  111,532  tons. 

Coal  passing  through  the  locks  on  the 
Monongahela  above  Pittsburg,  eight 
months  ended  Aug.  31,  was  6,625,007  tons 
in  1909  and  6,575,690  in  1910;  decrease, 
49,317  tons. 

Coal  receipts  at  St.  Louis,  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31,  were  4,118,563  short  tons 
in  1909,  and  5.443,666  in  1910;  increase, 
1.325,103  tons. 

Coal  passing  through  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
canals  to  Lake  Superior,  season  to  Oct. 
1,  short  tons: 

1909.  1910.         Changes- 
Anthracite 910,740      1,209,289    I.       292,.549 

Bituminous 6,122,069      8.890,296      1.2.774.227 

Total 7,038.809    30,105.585      1.3.166,770 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  45 
per  cent.  The  gain  has  been  much  larger 
than  was  expected. 

The  tonnage  carried  by  the  Erie  Rail- 
road during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30  last  was:  Anthracite,  8,707,251;  bi- 
tuminous coal,  8,189,987;  coke,  2,231,- 
558;  total,  19,128,796  tons.  This  was 
49.4  per  cent,  of  the  total  tonnage  moved. 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  of  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  railway,  two  months  of  fiscal  year 
from  July  1  to  Aug.  31,  short  tons: 

Coal.  Coke.  Total. 

New  Elver 1,29:).165  51.460  1,344.625 

Kanawha 1,289.350  10.399  1.299,7.55 

Kentucky    130,667              130.667 

Connecting  lines 14.315  5.710  20,025 

Total 2.727,503         67.509    2,796,072 

Total,  1909 2,331,699         69,9.33    2,401.632 

Total  increase  this  year,  393,440  tons, 
or  16.4  per  cent.  Deliveries  this  year  to 
points  west  of  mines,  1,750,842  tons  coal 
and  32,795  coke;  points  east,  230,102 
tons  coal  and  25,824  coke;  tidewater, 
744,496  tons  coal  and  8950  coke;  anthra- 
cite to  line  points,  2063  tons. 

New  York 
Anthracite 

Oct.  19 — A  fair  trade  in  the  domes- 
tic sizes  is  reported  as  consumers  grad- 
ually work  up  to  the  point  of  putting  in 
their  winter  supplies.  The  business  in 
steam  sizes  is  good,  perhaps  a  little  bet- 
ter than  usual. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  broken  and  S5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 


S2.95r,(3.25;  buckwheat,  S1.15r,;  2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  S1.65r(;2;  bar- 
ley, $1.35r'/  1.50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 

Bituminous 

The  Seaboard  bituminous  trade  is 
good;  better,  in  fact,  than  it  has  been  for 
months.  Inquiries  for  coal  are  numerous 
and  sales  are  large.  All-rail  trade  is  as 
good  as  the  Coastwise  business. 

Prices  are  stronger,  and  are  firm  at 
an  advance  of  5  or  10c.  over  recent 
quotations.  Gas  coals  are  selling  at  tide 
at  prices  which  realize  $1.05f((  1.10  at 
mine  for  J^-in.,  95c.@$l  for  run-of-mine 
and  70c.  for  slack.  Low-volatile  steam 
coals  bring  S2.65ra  2.70,  New  York  har- 
bor, for  the  lower  grades,  and  up  to 
S2.90f.(3   for  better  qualities. 

Transportation  is  fair,  coal  coming 
through  with  only  slight  delays.  Car 
supply    is   fair  on   most   lines. 

In  the  Coastwise  market  there  is  a 
demand  for  vessels  and  rates  are  firm. 
Large  vessels  from  Philadelphia  are 
getting  70i''(  75c.  to  Boston,  Salem  and 
Portland;  75r./80c.  to  Portsmouth;  SOftf 
85c.  to  Lynn,  Newburyport  and  Bath; 
90r((95c.  to  Saco;  95c.  to  Bangor;  60@ 
65c.  to  Providence  and  the  Sound  ports. 


Birmingham 

Oct.  17 — Coal  operations  in  the  South- 
ern territory  are  steady,  with  the  produc- 
tion heavy.  All  the  labor  that  can  be 
found  is  being  given  steady  employment. 
A  good  price  is  obtained  for  coal  in  this 
district. 

It  is  announced  that  negotiations  are 
about  to  be  closed  for  the  purchase  of 
thousands  of  acres  of  coal  lands  in  Ala- 
bama belonging  to  the  Bryan  estate,  of 
Richmond,  Va.,  and  as  soon  as  the  deal 
is  consummated,  the  new  owners  of  the 
properties  will  begin  active  development. 
A  syndicate  of  capitalists  of  New  York. 
West  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  headed  by 
A.  Maben  Hobson,  of  Birmingham,  has 
purchased  a  large  tract  of  coal  lands  in 
Kentucky. 

There  is  a  good  demand  for  coke  in 
this  territory  and  all  ovens  in  condition 
are  in  operation. 


Chicago 
Oct.  18— The  coal  market  is  quiet,  all 
kinds  being  in  large  supply  and  the  de- 
mand slack  on  account  of  warm  weather 
and  a  feeling  of  security  on  the  part 
of  retailers  and  consumers.  Supplies 
from  the  Illinois  mines  are  in  such  abun- 
dance that  not  even  the  most  gloomy  talk 


October  22,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


837 


about  impending  car  shortage,  indulged 
in  by  a  few  interests,  can  frighten  users 
of  coal  into  large  buying.  This  condi- 
tion, in  the  opinion  of  those  well  versed 
in  the  trade,  will  continue  until  cold 
weather  sets  in.  Shipments  of  eastern 
coals,  especially  smokeless,  should  be 
rr>ade  cautiously,  for  the  market  shows 
signs  of  returning  to  its  old-time  con- 
dition of  continued  oversupply  and  cut 
prices  to  escape  demurrage  charges. 
Both  steam  and  domestic  coals — not  ex- 
cepting anthracite — are  far  from  strong, 
except  in  the  case  of  a  coal  like  Hock- 
ing, shipments  of  which  are  very  well  ad- 
justed to  the  demand. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  bring  in  car  lots 
S2.20ff/3.50  for  lump  and  egg,  S1.90(J( 
2.10  for  run-of-mine  and  S\.50(<i  1.65  for 
screenings.  Smokeless  holds  to  circular 
quotations  of  S3. 95  for  lump  and  S3.30  for 
run-of-mine,  and  S3. 40  is  paid  for  Hock- 
ing. 


Cleveland 

Oct.  17 — Lake  trade  continues  active, 
although  the  returns  for  September  show 
a  large  increase  in  shipments  over  last 
year.  The  large  current  shipments  have 
made  slack  over-plentiful.  Steam  trade 
is  good  and  domestic  business  active. 

Prices  are  practically  unchanged.  Mid- 
dle district  coal  brings  S2. 15  for  large 
lump,  $1.90  for  ^4-in.,  $1.80  for  run-of- 
mine  and  SI. 55  for  slack;  No.  8  and 
Cambridge  districts,  5  or  10c.  higher. 
Pocahontas,  $3.25  for  lump  and  S2.60  for 
run-of-mine. 

Car  supply  is  better,  though  there  is 
still  some  scarcity. 

Indianapolis 

Oct.  17 — There  was  a  decided  improve- 
ment in  the  coal  carrying  traffic  during 
the  past  week.  The  Indiana  mines  con- 
tinue to  operate  at  full  time  and  capacity 
and  the  railroads  are  pushed  hard,  mov- 
ing more  coal  than  at  any  previous  pe- 
riod. The  payroll  for  the  mines  Oct.  1 1 
was  said  to  have  been  the  largest  in  the 
history  of  the  industry  in  the  State.  Prices 
are  steady,  and  the  usual  November  in- 
crease is  expected. 

Governor  Marshall  will  recommend 
that  the  incoming  legislature  amend  the 
law  so  as  to  take  the  appointment  of  the 
State  mine  inspector  out  of  the  hands  of 
the  State  geologist  and  place  it  with  the 
governor. 


Pittsburg 
Oct.  18 — Mines  are  running  full  in 
nearly  all  cases  with  a  good  demand  on 
account  of  the  near  approach  of  the  end 
cf  the  Lake  season.  There  is  a  fair  sup- 
ply of  cars.  Prices  are  moderately  well 
held,  the  regular  quotable  market  re- 
maining;     Mine-run    and     nut,    $I.20rr( 


mains  quiet.  Production  is  slightly  heav- 
ier and  consumption  is  not  increased,  so 
that  there  is  a  slight  increase  in  the  of- 
fering of  coke  loaded  on  cars  which  has 
to  be  moved.  In  exceptional  cases  this 
can  be  picked  up  at  SI. 50  for  furnace, 
and  usually  it  can  be  at  $1.55,  while  the 
regular  operators'  price  is  SI. 60.  Thus 
the  market  is  fairly  quotable  at  S1.55fr/ 
1.60  for  prompt  furnace,  or  5c.  less  than 
formerly.  Contract  furnace  coke  is 
purely  nominal.  There  is  occasional  in- 
quiry for  first  half  but  operators  are  in 
no  hurry  to  commit  themselves  and  fur- 
naces are  perfectly  willing  to  wait. 
Prompt  foundry  coke  of  fairly  good  grade 
can  usually  be  picked  up  at  S2,  and  or- 
dinarily good  grades  at  $2.15,  and  we 
quote  the  market  at  this  range,  10c.  less 
than  formerly.  One  or  two  specially  good 
grades  still  bring  S2.50  on  contract  with- 
out difficulty  and  we  note  one  contract  at 
this  price  in  the  past  week,  running  to 
July  1.  We  quote  contract  foundry  coke 
at  S2.25r,(2.vS0  as  formerly. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ended  Oct.  8  at  350,- 
315  tons,  an  increase  of  5000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  3762  cars  to  Pittsburg, 
5661  cars  to  points  west  and  944  cars  to 
points  east,  a  total  of   10,367  cars. 


1.22'. 


vi-in.,   S1.30r</ 1.32'/. ;    domestic 


ll4-in..  S1.45r<;  1.47K';  slack,  75'(/82^4c. 
per  ton. 

Connellsville    Coke — The     market    re- 


St.  Louis 

Oct.  18 — The  weather  has  been  unusu- 
ally warm  all  week,  which  has  had  the 
effect  of  slightly  slowing  down  the  do- 
mestic demand.  While  steam  demand  is 
heavy  users  do  not  seem  inclined  to  pay 
anything  but  rock-bottom  prices  and  have 
driven  coal  down  to  a  very  low  point. 
There  is  a  tremendous  tonnage  on  the  St. 
Louis  market  at  present  which  has  had  to 
be  consumed  locally.  The  action  of  the 
railroads  in  placing  embargoes  has  ham- 
pered the  coal  man  very  much  and  oper- 
ators feel  much  abused  at  being  forced  to 
dispose  of  their  coal  in  St.  Louis  locally. 
Prices  are  extremely  low  now  and  are 
being  forced  lower  daily  by  the  additional 
tonnage.  Railroads  have  gone  so  far  as 
not  only  to  restrict  the  movement  of 
their  own  equipment  but  the  movement  of 
the  foreign  equipment  as  well.  This  is 
an  arbitrary  movement  and  one  that  is 
causing  a  great  deal  of  discontent  among 
the  operators,  who  are  murmuring  loudly 
and  seem  to  feel  that  these  movements 
of  the  railroads  are  part  of  a  concerted 
plan  to  break  the  market. 

High-grade  coal  is  still  maintaining  it- 
self pretty  well  though  prices  are  a  lit- 
tle off  from  what  they  were  a  couple  of 
weeks  ago.  Dealers  throughout  the  North 
and  Northwest  are  absorbing  coal  freely. 

Anthracite  -Anthracite  is  in  good  shape 
and  demand  is  a  little  brisker  than  it 
was  last  week.  A  good  tonnage  of  all 
sizes  is  coming  forward  and  is  being  ab- 
sorbed as  rapidly  as  it  comes  in. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 


.St. 

Illinois,  .■standard:                                 Mine.  Ix>uis. 

6-in.  lump  and  egg SI. 60  S2.12 

2-in.  liiiiip 1.20  1.60 

.Mine-run 1.00  1.52 

.S(Teening.s 0. 50  1 .  02 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  anil  eKK 2.50  3.02 

3-in.  nut 2.00  2.52 

Staunton  or  .Ml.  Olive: 

e-in.  lump 1.80  1.32 

2-in.  lump 1.75  2.27 

Mine-run 1.20  1.72 

Screenings 0.60  1.12 

Carterville; 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 2.00  2.67 

•i-in.  nul 2.00  2.67 

.Mine-run 1   25  1 .  92 

.Screenings 0.75  1  .-12 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 2.25  4.75 

.Mine-run .• 1.25  3.75 

Penn.svlvania  Anthracite: 

.Nut .  stove  or  egg 6 . 95 

(Irate 6.70 

.\rkansas  .\nthracite: 

Egg  or  Crate 2.35  5.35 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 5.40 

('.us  hou.se 4  .  90 

Smithing 4.15 

Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  per 
ton  below  St.   Louis   quotations. 


FOREIGN  COAL-TRADE 


United  States  Coal  Exports — Exports 
of  coal  and  coke  from  the  United  States, 
with  coal  furnished  to  steamships  in 
foreign  trade,  eight  months  ended  Aug. 
31,  long  tons: 

Ili(l'.l.  will.        Changes. 

.\nthracite 1.!>04,:130      1,'.)7().I1R9      I.       f,5.759 

Bituminous 6,'.1KH,1I61      f.,'.l7(l,«llO      I.     982,749 


Total  exports..    7,H'.)'2..W1      S.9iO,K89      I.  l.ms.iilW 
Steamer  coal 4,0115,522      4,290,l:)9      I.     224,l'il7 

Total 11,9.17  ,'.«W     13,231,028      1.1,27:1,125 

Coke 616,370         672.2.'i8    D.       44,132 

Canada  took  this  year  6,688,030  tons 
of  coal,  or  74.8  per  cent,  of  the  total  ex- 
ports. Cuba  took  558,837  tons  of  coal. 
The  coke  went  chiefly  to  Mexico  and 
Canada. 

United  States  Coal  Imports — Imports 
of  coal  and  coke  into  the  United  States, 
eight  months  ended  Aug.  31,  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.     Changes. 

Anthracite 3.126  162    D.     2  963 

Bituminous 747,534       1.251,502      I.  .5n:i,968 

Total  coal 75U.f.59      l,251,i;64      1.601.005 

(3oke 121,494  81,091     D.    40.403 

Canada  furnished  this  year  1,061,670 
tons  of  coal  and  nearly  all  the  coke; 
Australia,  131,846  tons  of  coal;  Japan, 
50,992  tons  of  coal.  Imports  are  chiefly 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  in  the  far  north- 
western Statrs. 


JiJIlRONTRADEREVlEW   S 


New  York.  Oct.  19 — The  iron  market 
shows  no  material  change  from  recent 
reports.  The  volume  of  business  is  good, 
but  it  is  below  the  capacity  of  the  mills 
and  furnaces,  and  there  is  still  a  tend- 
ency on  the  part  of  buyers  to  hold  off 
as  long  as  possible  and  to  wait  develop- 
ments. Buying  is  mainly  for  immediate 
needs  and  few  contracts  run  far  ahead. 
October  is  going  on   record   as  a   quiet 


838 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


month;  it  may  be  that  activity  will  de- 
velop before  the  end  of  the  year  comes, 
with  its  usual  quiet  spell. 

In  pig  iron,  however,  some  good  orders 
are  reported.  Eastern  territory  has  taken 
more  iron,  pipe  foundries  being  the  big- 
gest customers.  On  1911  contracts  buy- 
ers are  still  holding  off,  but  sellers  seem 
more  disposed  than  they  were  to  accept 
current  prices  for  first-quarter  deliveries. 
In  the  Central  West  more  business  has 
been  done  in  basic  pig.  There  have  also 
been  some  sales  of  basic  in  the  East,  and 
it  is  understood  that  such  iron  has  sold 
at  S14.50r«  14.75,   seaboard   delivery. 

In  finished  material  structural  steel  is 
still  the  leader,  with  many  small  orders 
and  some  larger  ones.  Some  orders  for 
railroad  equipment  are  noted,  but  the 
railroads  generally  are  not  active  buyers. 
Bars  have  been  in  good  demand,  but 
there  is  considerable  competition  for  ord- 
ers. It  is  said  that  contracts  have  been 
taken  at  1.40c.,  seaboard  delivery,  for 
common  and  1.45c.  for  refined  iron. 

The  president's  address  at  the  meeting 
of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute 
is  taken  as  indicating  a  policy  of  main- 
taining prices  on  the  part  of  the  leading 
interests  in  the  trade. 

Tinp'.ate  Production — The  American 
Iron  and  Steel  Association  reports  the 
production  of  black  plates  or  sheets  for 
tinning  in  1909  at  606,844  long  tons,  an 
increase  of  93,043  tons  ever  1908.  The 
production  of  tinplates  in  1909  was: 
Tcrne  plates,  190.930,000  lb.;  tinplates, 
1,182,081,000  lb.;  total,  1,373,011,000  lb., 
an  increase  of  169,936,000  lb.  over  1908, 
and  the  largest  production  ever  reported. 


Other  interests  have  purchased  iron   for 
immediate  needs. 


Baltimore 

Oct.  17 — Exports  for  the  week  in- 
cluded 1,417,090  lb.  spelter  and  5,748,- 
300  lb.  steel  billets  to  Great  Britain.  Im- 
ports included,  6700  tons  manganese  ore 
from  Bombay,  India;  24,100  tons  iron 
ore  from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Oct.  17 — While  pig  iron  selling  in  the 
Southern  territory  is  in  small  lots,  the 
aggregate  is  not  bad,  and  there  is  hope 
that  better  conditions  will  soon  come  on. 
The  quotations  continue  SI  K'/ 11.50  per 
ton.  No.  2  foundry.  Some  sales  are  be- 
ing made  in  this  section  of  the  country 
at  SI  1.50,  delivery  during  the  first  three 
months  of  next  year.  Iron  manufactur- 
ers in  this  part  of  the  country  are  still 
receiving  inquiries  for  iron  for  delivery 
during  the  first  half  of  1911,  but  beyond 
the  first  quarter  there  has  been  hut  little 
business  booked  as  yet. 

There  is  a  steady  reduction  of  accum- 
ulated stocks  of  iron  in  Southern  terri- 
tory. Cast-iron  pipe  makers  are  work- 
ing their  plants  on  full  time  and  are  us- 
ing a  large  quantity  of  iron.  It  is  stated 
that  those  interests  have  made  arrange- 
ments for  iron  covering  quite  a  period. 


Chicago 

Oct.  18 — The  iron  market  seems  to  be 
strengthening  all  around;  sales  of  basic 
pig  iron  have  been  large,  the  demand 
for  foundry  grades  has  increased  notably, 
on  first-quarter  and  first-half  deliveries, 
and  iron  and  steel  products  are  much 
more  active.  Furnace  agents  still  hold 
to  slight  premiums  over  the  standard 
standard  quotations  for  last-quarter  and 
first-quarter  prices,  on  deliveries  extend- 
ing over  the  first  half,  and  melters  ap- 
pear to  have  concluded  that  these  will 
be  minimum  prices,  at  which  it  is  well 
to  buy.  On  last-quarter  deliveries  South- 
ern brings  S15.35C,,  15.85,  Chicago  (Sllrt; 
11.50.  Birmingham),. and  Northern  SlOrtT 
S16.50,  for  No.  2"  in  both  cases.  Little 
business  is  being  done  in  iron  for  last- 
quarter  delivery,  most  melters  being  well 
supplied  for  that  period.  The  disposition 
among  melters  is  to  contract  ahead  more 
freely.  The  coke  market  is  firm  at  S4.90 
for  the  best  Connellsville. 

Cleveland 

Oct.  18 — Iron-ore  receipts  are  falling 
off,  as  was  expected.  There  is  little  doubt, 
however,  that  the  season  total  will  be  up 
to  that  of  last  year. 

Pig  Iron — Locally  the  market  is  dull. 
There  is  still  a  deadlock  on  1911  orders, 
makers  holding  on  to  their  demand  for 
50c.  over  current  quotations,  while  sellers 
do  not  see  the  reasons  for  such  an  ad- 
vance. 

Finished  Material — Buyers  are  still 
studying  over  the'  new  sheet  and  pipe 
cards.  Some  small  structural  contracts 
are  being  closed.  Wire  is  active  and 
sales  have  been  good.  There  is  also  good 
business  in  tinplates,  and  some  fair  sales 
of  bars. 


Philadelphia 

Oct.  IP — Inactivity  prevails  in  all  lines 
of  pig  iron  excepting  in  iron  for  pipe 
foundries,  in  which  large  purchases  have 
recently  been  made,  including  one  or  two 
options  for  Southern  iron. 

.A  large  quantity  of  pig  iron  has  been 
purchased  for  the  Altoona  shops,  in  which 
deliveries  will  be  scattered  over  several 
months.  The  only  new  inquiries  are  for 
small  quantities  of  malleable  and_  char- 
coal irons  for  November  delivery.  Neither 
large  nor  small  consumers  will  purchase 
iron  on  a  large  scale  at  this  time  and 
the  offerings  made  by  Southern  furnaces, 
which  show  slight  reductions,  have  not 
brought  out  any  definite  orders.  Basic 
is  quoted  at  SKV,  gray  forge  at  $14.50 
and  the  little  No.  2X  foundry  that  has 
been  sold  went  at  $\6,  or  a  little  under. 

Steel  Billets — The  billet  consumers 
have  bought  sufficient  to  clean  up  work  in 
hand   and   have  declined   offers  of  sup- 


plies to  run  them  through  the  first  quarter 
of  next  year. 

Bars — The  postponed  September  de- 
mand for  bars  is  manifesting  itself  in  a 
sharp  demand  for  supplies  from  mill  and 
stores.  The  outlook  has  suddenly  im- 
proved and  stores  report  a  good  distribu- 
tion. 

Sheets — After  several  weeks  of  apathy 
a  sharp  demand  has  sprung  up,  mostly 
of  a  retail  character. 

Tubes — Tubes  are  more  active  in  large 
lots.  The  tone  of  the  market  is  decidedly 
better  than  a   week   ago. 

Plates — Scarcely  any  business  of  im- 
portance has  been  booked.  Small  orders 
are  numerous  enough;  but  the  tone  of 
the   market   is   weak. 

Structural  Material — Orders  are  com- 
ing in  on  former  contracts  but  no  heavy 
orders  have  been  placed;  there  is  the 
usual  run  of  small  orders. 

Steel  Rails — Small  orders  for  mine  rails 
and  two  or  three  good-sized  lots  for 
trolley  lines  are  reported. 

Scrap — The  scrap  market  is  more  ac- 
tive for  the  lower  grades,  such  as  turn- 
ings and  borings;  a  few  sales  of  No.  1 
yard  scrap.  Prices  are  weak  as  there 
is  a  large  supply  and  yard  men  are 
anxious  to  turn  scrap  into  money. 


Pittsburg 

Oct.  18 — The  tone  of  the  iron  and  steel 
market  is  decidedly  improved,  and  in 
some  quarters  it  is  held  that  the  improve- 
ment in  sentiment  bears  more  marks  of 
having  a  general  basis  than  has  been  the 
case  at  any  time  hitherto  this  year.  The 
improvement  in  tone  is  attributed  largely 
to  the  better  showing  in  Wall  Street.  The 
impression  is  abroad  that  the  railroads 
will  get  at  least  half  the  rate  advances 
they  are  asking,  and  that  they  have  asked 
for  more  than  they  expected.  The  settle- 
ment'of  the  rate  controversy  is  expected 
by  Feb.  1  and  large  orders  from  the  rail- 
roads are  expected  immediately  there- 
after. 

Orders  for  rails,  plates,  shapes  and 
line  pipe  continue  extremely  light,  so  that 
shipments  in  these  lines,  which  continue 
fairly  heavy,  represent  almost  a  dead 
loss  in  the  amount  of  unfilled  orders  on 
books.  In  sheets,  tinplates,  wire  pro- 
ducts and  merchant  pipe  buying  con- 
tinues fairly  good.  Tinplate  has  done 
better  since  the  first  of  the  month  than 
was  expected,  as  despite  the  large  decline 
in  the  cognate  product,  sheets,  tinplate 
buyers  are  showing  considerable  con- 
fidence and  are  buying  tinplate  at  the 
existing  price  for  next  year's  delivery. 

Pig  Iron— The  event  of  the  week,  so 
far  as  sentimental  influence  is  concerned. 
was  the  sale  by  two  interests  of  a  total 
of  6000  tons  of  malleable  iron  to  the 
Pittsburg  Malleable  Iron  Company  at 
SI 4.90,  delivered,  for  equal  deliveries 
over  the  year  1911.     Reports  agree  that 


October  22,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


839 


a  part  at  least  of  the  tonnage  was  taken 
by  a  Valley  furnace,  which  would  mean 
?14  at  furnace,  while  it  is  strongly  rum- 
ored that  a  portion  was  taken  by  a  Cleve- 
land furnace,  which  would  mean  only 
.'^13.40  at  furnace  for  that  iron.  The 
relative  cost  of  assembling  coke  and  ore 
at  Cleveland  and  in  the  Valleys  almost 
exactly  covers  the  difference  of  60c.  in 
freight  to  Pittsburg,  so  that  such  trans- 
actions are  in  line  with  costs,  but  sur- 
prise is  expressed  over  lake- front  fur- 
naces giving  away  their  advantage  over 
the  Valleys.  Still  more  surprise  is  felt 
that  furnaces  would  be  willing  to  sell 
for  deliveries  over  the  whole  of  next  year 
at  practically  the  present  market,  which 
has  lately  been  regarded  as  made  under 
stress  of  large  stocks  and  need  of  realiz- 
ing cash.  The  familiar  explanation  of  the 
taking  of  "backlog"  business  is  not  ap- 
plicable, since  furnaces  selling  a  small 
fraction  of  their  output  over  a  long  per- 
iod are  surrendering  the  opportunity  of 
remaining  idle.  Basic  iron  is  understood 
to  have  sold  again  at  $13,  Valley,  for 
early  delivery.  There  are  rumors  of 
bessemer  being  available  at  as  low  as 
^  14.50,  Valley,  but  these  are  not  con- 
tirmed  sufficiently  to  warrant  quoting 
other  than  the  S15  price  which  has  re- 
cently ruled.  Foundry  iron  is  still  quot- 
able at  S14,  Valley,  but  it  is  possible  that 
the  price  can  be  shaded  by  close  buyers. 
The  Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing 
Company  has  bought  1000  tons  of  South- 
ern iron  at  $11,  Birmingham,  for  fourth- 
quarter  delivery  to  its  Louisville  plant, 
and  is  about  to  close  on  its  present  in- 
quiry for  1000  tons  of  Northern  iron  for 
its  Allegheny  and  New  Brighton  plants 
for  the  same  delivery. 

Fcrromanganesc — The  market  has  be- 
come still  softer  and  we  quote  $38.50, 
Baltimore,  freight  to  Pittsburg  being 
$1.95  per  ton. 

Steel — The  market  is  quiet,  with  prices 
held  at  least  nominally,  as  follows:  Bes- 
semer billets,  $24;  sheet  bars,  $25;  open- 
hearth  billets,  .$25'<(  25.50;  sheet  bars, 
$25.50^5/26;  rods,  $28.50^<(29,  all  Pitts- 
burg. 

Sheets — Demand  for  sheets  continues 
fairly  good  and  mills  are  better  employed 
than  formerly.  Regular  quoting  prices 
are  2.20c.  on  black,  3.20c.  on  galvanized, 
1.65c.  on  blue  annealed,  $1.60  on  painted 
corrugated  roofing  and  $2.80  on  galvan- 
ized corrugated  roofing,  but  occasionally 
these  prices  are  shaded  5c.  per  100  lb. 
on  flat  sheets  and  per  square  on  cor- 
rugated material.  • 


St.  Louis 

Oct.  17 — The  iron  market  is  a  little 
more  active  than  last  week  and  a  number 
of  small  orders  have  been  received.  All 
of  the  trading  has  been  in  stuff  for  im- 
mediate shipment.  Some  inquiries  for 
fair-sized  lots  have  been  received  and 
feveral   large    inquiries    for   first-quarter 


delivery.  Current  prices  remain  un- 
changed at  $11.50  per  ton,  f.o.b,  Birm- 
ingham, or  $15.25  per  ton,  f.o.b.  St.  Louis, 
for  No.  2  foundry. 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal 

The  total  freight  passing  through  the 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  canals  for  the  season  to 
Oct.  1  was,  in  short  tons: 

1909.  1910.  ClmllKCi*. 

East-bound 30,9.57.325    »7,507,-279      I.    (i,.549.9.54 

West-bciuud 8,l)8-2,123    11,329,K95      I.    3,217,772 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


L'XITEU     ST.VTI'.S     i;oI.U     AND     .Slt.VKK     MOVEMENT 


Total 39,039,448    48,837,174      I.    »,79".72ti 

The  number  of  vessel  passages  this 
year  was  16,115,  giving  an  average  cargo 
of  3031  tons.  The  mineral  freights  in- 
cluded above  were  as  follows,  in  short 
tons,  except  salt,  which  is  in  barrels: 

1909.  1910.  Chaugos. 

7,038.798  10.105.585  I.  3.0r>r).787 

28,120,830  34,282,282  I.  G,l(:i,4.V> 

mfd.  Iron.   345.301   311,930  0.   33.431 

79.891    95,0.->3  I.   15.702 

stone 1.129  8,305   I.  7,230 

483.907        427.248  D.        50,719 


Coal 

Iron  ore 
PiK  nnd 

Co],|,rr., 

liilljdiii; 
Salt,  liljf 

Iron 
freight 


ore  was  70.2  per  cent,  of  the  total 
this  year,  and  coal,  20.7  per  cent. 


22  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE  fs 


German  Iron  Production — The  German 
Iron  and  Steel  Union  reports  the  make 
of  pig  iron  in  Germany  in  August  was 
1,262,804  metric  tons,  being  34,488  tons 
more  than  in  July.  For  the  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31,  the  production  was,  in 
metric  tons: 

1909. 

Foundry  Iron 1.592.409 

Forge  Iron 400,189 

Stei'l  pig 710.835 

BossiMnoi- pig 273.473 

Thonias(lia9lc)pig  5,397,786 

Total 8,440,092      9.693,152      I,  1,252,4I» 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  14.8 
per  cent.  Steel  pig  includes  spiegeleisen, 
ferromanganese  and  all  similar  alloys. 

German  Foreign  Trade — Exports  and 
imports  of  iron  and  steel  and  of  machin- 
ery in  the  German  Empire,  six  months 
ended  June  30,  metric  tons: 


1910. 

Changes. 

1,901,450 
435,878 
885.915 
320,679 

6,143,:S30 

I. 
D. 
I. 
I. 
I. 

:to9.oil 
24.311 

109.080 
53.100 

745,544 

Iron  nnd  steel. 
Machinery 


Exports.  Imports. 
2,373.703      201.900 
181.384        40.749 


Excess. 
Exp.  2.111.797 
Exp.      140,035 


Total 2.656.147      302.715     Exp.  2.252.432 

Total.  1909 2.028..507      251,429     Exp.  1.777.078 

Imports  of  iron  ore  this  year,  4,640,642 
tons;  exports,  1,433,415  tons.  Imports 
of  manganese  are  249,373  tons;  exports, 
loc)3  tons. 


ill  METAL' MARKETS   ^ 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports, 

Excess. 

Gold  : 

Aug.   1910.. 

$3.1.-)0.423 

»I2.S18.600 

Imp.$  9.c«8,183 

"      1909.. 

9.230.273 

5.;)48.7.57 

Exp.      3.881.510 

Year  1910.. 

53.495  005 

42.489,780 

11.005,819 

"      1909.. 

89.720.392 

28.754.235 

00.972,157 

Sllv.  r: 

.\ug.    19)0.. 

4.765.708 

4,119,302 

Exp,         636.340 

■•      1909.. 

4.494.552 

3.190.988 

1.303,501 

rear  1910.. 

;)0.9;»4.397 

29.815.770 

7,118,62- 

■■      1909.. 

38,903.684 

29.979,133 

8,924,451 

i;xi>orts  from  the  port  ot  New  York,  week 
ended  Oct.  l.l  ;  liold.  .$liiN.") :  silver,  S">11.-1"'. 
to  London  and  Paris.  Imports:  ijold,  $124.- 
41,S,  chielly  Irom  (_V*ntraI  .\meriea  and  .lapan  ; 
silver.  .Sln7,7;M.  from  South  America  and 
Mexico. 

been  advanced,  and  dealers  now  ask  $38 
per  oz.  for  refined  platinum  and  $43.50i'(( 
44  for  hard  metal. 

Silver — A  variety  of  causes  have  con- 
tributed to  an  advance  in  silver.  Chief 
among  these,  of  course,  is  the  excellent 
crop  condition  in  India.  Speculative  op- 
erations also  have  been  managed  to  as- 
sist the  rise.  The  attitude  or  reported 
attitude  of  the  India  Specie  Bank  in  de- 
clining to  sell  at  prices  current  the  last 
few  weeks,  together  with  the  improve- 
ments in  the  China  exchanges,  have  given 
an  almost  buoyant  tone  to  the  market 
during  the  past  week. 


SII.VEK    ANI 

STEIir.ING 

EXCnANGE 

Oct. 

13 

14 

15 

17 

18 

19 

New  york.... 

London 

Sterling  Ex.. 

6.5)4 
4.8590 

55  >^ 

25  Ji 
4.8600 

50 
4.8000 

50Ji 

20 

4.8010 

56« 

25  J4 

4.8010 

56  Ji 

2Ci3 

4.8625 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
line  silver :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver.  0.925  fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Pixley  &  Abell,  per- 
iod from  Jan.  1  to  Oct.  6: 

191)9.  1910.            Changes. 

India f4.C.7.-).40O  £5.2.53..500  I.    £    578,100 

China ],.-,55.21KI  1.118,.500  D.         436.700 

Straits 82.800  D.  82,800 


Total £0.313.400      £6,372.000      I.    £      68.600 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  16.08d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 


New  York.  Oct.  19 — A  little  more  ac- 
tivity is  manifest  in  the  metal  markets 
generally.  Business  in  some  lines  has 
been  better,  but  price  changes  have  been 
small. 

Co/rf  — While  Germany  and  Egypt  are 
still  taking  gold,  there  was  no  change  on 
the  open  market  in  London,  prices  re- 
maining at  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for  bars  and 
76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for  American  coin. 

Platinum  -Tht  market  is  ver>'  strong, 
demand  continuing  good,  especially  from 
the    jewelry    trade.      Prices    have    again 


Movement  of  gold  and  silver  through 
the  port  of  San  Francisco,  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31 : 

Exn<u"t9.    Imports.         Excess. 

$1,970,208    $1,973,238    Im.  $        3,030 

4,O72,0IHI       1,413.938     Ex.    2,658,002 

of  the  gold  exported  and  all  of 
the  silver  except  $6000,  were  in  the  form 
of  bullion.  Of  the  imports  $377,386  gold 
and  $706,332  silver  were  in  coin,  the  rest 
in  bullion. 


Oold... 
Silver., 

All 


Gold  and  silver  movement  in  France, 
eight  months  ended  Aug.  31 : 

Imports     Exjiorts.  Excess. 

Gold  .Fr.  lK7.58I.O0OFr.l39,712.OO0Imp.Fr.  47.872,000 

19119..       320.182,000         32,7.'>9.0(H1  Im]).       293.423.000 
Silver.        104.744.000        137.795,000  Exp.  :l3.051.00fl 

1909..         98.711.000         B;i.903.(HII1  Imp.  8.748.000 

Imports  of  copper  and  nickel  coins  this 
year,  35,000  fr.;  exports,  469,000  franc 


840 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  22,    1910. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 

Copper. 

Till. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

^ 

.Q 

«"s 

.a 

.o 

U 

SS^ 

3^ 

^g 

BJS 

O 

S3 

2 
o 

o. 

►5^ 

vni 

12  50 

4.25 

5..i2i 

5. 37  J 

13 

fSlVi 

rsi2.60 

36  }S 

4.40 

04.27J05.55 

05.40 

I'iH 

12.50 

4.25       6.62J 

5.. 37  J 

U 

(5)V2% 

012.60 

36?^ 

4.40 

04.27i05.55 

05.40 

12  ?4 

12.50 

4.25       5.521 

5.37i 

15 

®12% 

ffll2.60 

36>^ 

4.40 

©4.27J05..55 

05.40 

12?4 

12.50 

4.25  1     5..-)2J 

5. 37* 

17 

(S)12% 

012.60 

36  J,' 

4.40 

04.30  05..^i7i, 

05.421 

12  ?i 

12.50 

4.25       5..V2I. 

5.37J 

18 

©12% 

012.60 

36% 

4.40 

04.30   0O.57J 

05  42i 

Via 

12.50 

4.25       5..')2J 

6.37* 

19 

012% 

012.60 

37  M 

4.40 

04.30  05.57J 

05.42} 

Caluuufs     tilt;     ii..Mi.m.,      ...i_.jv.      .J. — ■ .. 

electrolytic.      Tile    quotations    for    lead    repre- 
sent wholesale  transactions  in   the  open   mar- 
The     quotations     on     spelter     are     tor 


ket.        -..       

ordinary     Western     brands ; 
command   a    premium 


special     brands 


LONDON 


Copper 

1        Tin. 

Lead, 

Zinc, 

I 

Spot. 

3Moa 

Best 
Sel'td 

Spot. 

3MOS 

Span- 
ish. 

ordi- 
naries. 

13 

57 

57iJ 

61 

165% 

160 

1258 

23% 

14 
15 

17 

57A 

57}i 

61 

165% 

160 

12B 

23% 

67,», 

58,=, 

61>4 

164% 

159% 

13A 

23% 

18 

57% 

58  )i 

61 M 

165% 

161% 

13A 

24% 

19 

57 

57i| 

61M 

169 

166 

13% 

24 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  quota- 
tions on  London  Metal  Exchange.  All  prices 
are  in  pounds  sterling  per  ton  of  TZM\  lb. 
Copper  quotations  are  for  standard  copper, 
spot  and  three  months  ,and  for  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  being  suliject  to  .. 
per  cent,  discount.  For  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  Loudon  prices  in  pounds  sterling 
per  2240  lb.,  with  .\merican  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  following  appro.\lmate  ratios 
are  given;  £10  =  2.17 'ic. ;  £12  =  2.r.lc. ; 
£23  =  5c.;    £00  =  13.04c.   ±  X.\  =    ±   0.21  %c. 


Copper — The  improvement  in  the  cop- 
per market  made  further  progress  dur- 
ing the  week.  European  buyers  contin- 
ued their  purchases  on  an  increasing 
scale  and  domestic  consumers  also  took 
hold  at  a  fair  rate.  However,  prices  have 
not  yet  greatly  improved,  inasmuch  as  the 
demand  has  been  readily  met  by  the 
leading  sellers.  The  bulk  of  the  business 
of  the  week  was  done  at  IZV^c,  deliv- 
ered, 30  days,  and  £58  10s.,  c.i.f.  Europe, 
corresponding  to  12.50r((  12.60c.,  net  cash. 
New  York.  Some  of  the  agencies  have 
now  raised  their  asking  price  to  12",sc. 
delivered,  but  so  far  they  have  been 
unable  to  obtain  business  at  that  price, 
except  perhaps,  upon  occasional  con- 
tracts for  far-distant  delivery. 

The  close  is  firm  at  12v', r«(  12",sC.  for 
Lake  copper,  and  12.50'i/  12.60c.  for  elec- 
trolytic copper  in  cakes,  wircbars  and 
ingots.  Casting  copper  is  quoted  nominal- 
ly at  \2yt,(ft\2y2  cents. 


Copper  sheets  are  18iV(  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 
Stimulated  by  an  active  speculation, 
the  standard  market  in  London  advanced 
about  £1,  but  as  the  refined  sorts  have 
not  followed  suit  in  proportion,  the  close 
is  somewhat  lower,  being  cabled  at  £57 
for  spot,  and  £57  18s.  9d.  for  three 
months. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  7001  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  gives  the  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  2606  tons. 

Visible  stocks  of  copper  in  England 
and  France  on  Oct.  15 — including  12,330 
tons  afloat  from  Chile  and  Australia — 
were  92,170  long  tons;  a  decrease  of 
2150  tons   from  the   Oct.    1    report. 

Aron  Hirsch  &  Sohn,  of  Halberstadt, 
Germany,  have  secured  a  contract,  run- 
ning from  Jan.  1,  1911,  for  the  refining 
and  sale  of  the  output  of  the  Mt.  Lyell 
company  in  Tasmania.  The  American 
Smelters  Securities  Company  now  refines 
the  product  of  the  Mt.  Lyell  at  its  Bal- 
timore refinery,  and  the  firm  of  Beer, 
Sondheimer  &  Co.,  has  the  selling  of  the 
copper.  The  Hirsch  firm  is  represented 
here  by  L.  Vogelstein  &  Co.,  New  York. 
The  Rio  Tinto  company  has  officially 
stated  that  its  curtailment  of  production 
is  at  the  rate  of  4,480,000  lb.  per  an- 
num. 

The  production  of  copper  in  Russia  for 
the  half-year  ended  June  30,  is  reported 
at  704,815  poods,  or  11,357  long  tons. 

Tin — The  London  market  retained  its 
firm  undertone  throughout  the  week.  Up 
to  Oct.  18  fluctuations  were  moderate, 
but  on  Oct.  19  quotations  jumped  over 
£4  for  spot  and  £6  for  three  months.  No 
special  reason  is  given  for  this  extraordi- 
nary advance,  and  it  seems  to  be  due 
simply  to  successful  manoeuvering  on  the 
part  of  the  bulls.  The  market  closes  at 
£169  for  spot,  and  £166  for  three  months. 
Large  shipments  en  route  to  this  mar- 
ket and  the  willingness  of  the  principal 
holders  of  the  metal  to  sell  at  reasonable 
prices  alleviated  the  spot  position  con- 
siderably. Premiums  declined  to  about 
'.^c.  Business,  however,  was  in  retail 
lots  only,  and  the  closing  quotations  are 
37'jC.  for  spot,  and  37 '4  c.  for  October. 

Messrs.  Robertson  &  Bense  reports  re- 
ceipts of  Bolivian  tin  concentrates  at 
Hamburg,  Germany,  in  September  at 
1 151  metric  tons. 

Tin  output  for  the  Federated  Malay 
States  in  September  was  3113  long  tons; 
for  the  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30  it 
was  32,058  tons,  a  decrease  of  3428  tons 
from  last  year. 

Lead — The  market  is  steady  at  4.40c. 
New  York.  There  has  been  a  little  more 
business  in  the  West  and  prices  are 
slightly  higher  at  4.25rr(  4.30c.  St.  Louis, 
luiropc  reports  a  very  large  business 
from   all   industries  consuming  lead,  and 


prices  have  again  advanced,  the  close  be- 
ing cabled  at  £13  5s.  for  Spanish  lead, 
and   £13   7s.   6d.    for   English   lead. 

Spelter — The  demand  has  been  some- 
what better  and  prices  show  signs  of 
stiffening.  The  close  is  firm  at  5.37^-1 
(■:i5A2'/2C.  St.  Louis,  and  5  52}4(((i 
5  57>2C.  New  York. 

The  London  market  continues  firm  due 
to  an  excellent  consumption  of  the  metal, 
as  a  result  of  which  stocks  which  were 
on  hand  the  earlier  part  of  the  year  have 
now  been  entirely  absorbed.  The  close  is 
strong  at  £24  for  good  ordinaries,  and 
£24  5s.  for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.50  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

The  United  States  Zinc  Company,  of 
Pueblo,  Colo.,  is  now  making  zinc  dust 
as  a  regular  product. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — Sales  continue  light  and 
the  market  is  dull.  The  quotations  re- 
main nominally  at  21  J'jCi/ 22c.  for  No.  1 
ingots,  New  York. 

Antimony — There  is  no  change  in  the 
market,  and  business  remains  on  a  retail 
basis.  Prices  are  nominally  unchanged 
at  SlifdSHc.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  7?s 
(<i8c.  for  U.  S.,  and  iy4(<_iljic.  for  out- 
side brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  is  fair  and  there 
is  no  change  in  prices.  New  York  quo- 
tations are  S46  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for 
large  lots;  S47r(/48  for  jobbing  orders. 
San  Francisco,  S45.50  for  domestic  or- 
ders and  S2  less  for  export.  The  London 
price  is  £8  7s.  6d.  per  flask,  with  £8  5s. 
named  by  second  hands. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40'ii  45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-Ih.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
rr/70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Oct.  15— The  highest 
price  paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  was  S47 
l3er  ton,  the  base  being  $41  ra  44.50  per 
ton  of  60  per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silicate 
ore  sold  on  a  base  of  $22''(/26  per  ton  of 
40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average  price,  all 
grades  of  zinc  ore  was  $40  per  ton.  The 
highest  price  paid  for  lead  ore  was  $54 
and  the  average  price,  all  grades,  was 
$53.58  per  ton. 

The  zinc-ore  market  this  week  was  a 
duplicate  of  last   week,  the   prices  being 


October  22,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


841 


the  same  and  the  shipment  only  99  tons 
more.  There  were  fewer  lots  sold  on  the 
high  base  this  week  but  the  average 
price  was  a  few  cents  higher  on  account 
of  less  silicate  shipped.  The  lead  market 
was  off  SI  from  the  previous  week  for 
the  high  price  and  considerable  ore  sold 
on  a  S53  and  some  on  a  .S52  base. 

SIIU'MKNTS,    WEEK    ENDED    OCT.    1.1. 


Wel)l>  (_'lty-€artervillo 

JopUit 

.\iba-Neck 

Duenwep 

Galena 

Miami 

Spurgeon 

Aurora 

Graiiby 

Carl  .liinction 

Quapaw 

Carthage 

Baiiger 

Sarcoxie 

Oronogo 


Totals  . 


Zinc,  lb.  Load  lb.     Value. 


4.:)i;7,lco 

2.i;)4.2oo 

711(1.540 

640, (130 

02.'>  ^.'io 

5;t2.or)(i 

301 ,00(( 
.31.1.000 
202.: 
181.250 
13H.K20 
124,870 
127, (KiO 
l(«l.240 
54,330 


10,007,7(K1 


(>85,4.50 
230,400 


93.000 
78,720 
63,580 
78.680 


4,570 


16,350 


1,260,530 


$110,217 
51,1114 
17,(13(1 
15,220 
15.218 
9,071 
6,400 
6,945 
4,675 
3.987 
3,062 
2,747 
2,553 
2,105 
1,005 


$251,977 


42  weeks... 
Zinc  vahie. 
Lead  value 

the  wee 
the  wee 

.4(W.251,O70 

k,  $218,107; 
k,      33,78(1; 

68,617.410  $11,008,221 
42  weeks,  $9,234,214 
42  weeks,    1,774,(107 

MD.NTHI.Y 

AVEK.\0 

E 

1>1 

ICE 

s. 

Month. 


.January. . . 
February.. 
March..'.. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

OCUilMM- 

November. 
December. 

Year 


ZINC  Ore. 


Base  Price.     All  Ores. 


$43.98 


$41.20 


All  Ores. 


$54.00 


$56.99 
53.64 
51.26 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48.59 
49.75 
54.73 


Note — Cnder  zinc  ore  the  licst  two  col- 
umns give  base  piices  for  CO  per  cent,  zinc 
ire:  the  second  two  the  average  for  all  ores 
<old.  Lead  ore  prices,  are  the  average  for 
111   ores    sold. 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Oct.  15— The  base 
(and  also  the  highest)  price  paid  this 
week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc  ore  was  S43. 
The  base  price  paid  for  80  per  cent,  lead 
ire  was  S52  per  ton. 

SIIIPMEXTS.    WEEK    ENDED    OCT.    l,".. 
Camps. 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 

Mineral  Point 2  389  i-Hi 

''"■""I ■b49!8:)o 

Highland B08.0(H1 

I'lattevllle 408.510 

'«''"'"' 2(12.260 

'"■'"■Ity 224,720 

""'•.''•"r 1.58.170 

MiullHhurg 02.700 

Oortgcvllle 

Montfort 


Lead    Sulphur 
ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 


88,3(K) 
BO.(KWI 
60,000 


58, (KK) 
66,IHI0 


Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  steady 
and  prices  unchanged  at  S4  per  100  lb. 
tor  carload  lots  and  S4.25  per  100  lb. 
for  smaller  orders. 

/I rxcmc— The  market  has  been  better, 
with  more  sales.  Prices  are  a  shade 
firmer,  .S2.25r«2.50  per  lb.  being  quoted 
for  white  arsenic. 

Su/p/iur— Messrs.  Parsons  &  Pettit, 
New  York,  report  the  importation  by 
them  on  Oct.  11  of  868  tons  of  crude 
Sicilian  brimstone  in  bulk. 

Nitrate  of  Soi^a— Business  continues 
rather  quiet,  and  quotations  are  un- 
changed at  2.10ff/2.12'<c.  per  lb.  for  spot 
sales,  and  2.I2J/ (5  2.15c.  for  futures. 


Petroleum 
Exports    of    mineral    oils     from    the 
United   States,   nine   months  ended   Sept. 
30,  in  gallons: 

1909.  1910. 

Crude  petroleum 99,4(a,298  81,966.118 

Naphtha.s 47,396,995  60.382,242 

llluniinatlng  oil 781,697,734  700.668,582 

Luiiiicating  and  paraffin..    109,258,012  120,042,702 

Residuum 81,i>99,.572  83,277,283 

Total 1,119,398.611  1,0411.336,927 

The  total  decrease  this  year,  as  com- 
pared with  1909,  W.1S  73,061,684  gal,,  or 
6.5  per  cent. 

California  Oil  Sales — A  contract  be- 
tween the  Associated  Oil  Company  of  Los 
Angeles  and  the  Independent  Agency- 
Union  Oil  Company  was  signed  Oct.  5, 
placing,  it  is  said,  practically  all  the  oil 
produced  in  California  outside  of  that 
handled  by  the  Standard  Oil  Company  in 
the  hands  of  one  marketing  agency  for  ' 
the  next  three  vears. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


'''''»' 4.664,.310        :«0.:)00        

yeartfidate 8;),:)72,084    8,0(r2.O34  21,144,630 

Shipped  during  the  week  to  separating 
plants,  3,482,850  lb,  zinc  ore. 


New  York.  Oct.  19— The  upward  move- 
ment started  last  week  in  the  general 
stock  market  has  continued  and  there  has 
been  a  decided  improvement  in  quota- 
tions all  around,  with  a  much  greater 
volume  of  business  done.  There  have 
been  some  halts  for  profit  taking,  but  the 
general  indications  are  those  of  a  bull 
market. 

On  the  Curb  the  copper  stocks  were 
strong  and  active,  nearly  all  making 
gains  during  the  week.  Chino,  Ray  Con- 
solidated and  Inspiration  led  in  the  ad- 
vances. Cobalt  shares  were  rather  quiet 
but   firm, 

A  sale  of  Homestake  of  South  Dakota 
was  reported,  200  shares  at  .S85  per 
share. 


CHEM ICALS 


New  York,  Oct.  19— The  general  mar- 
ket is  still  rather  quiet,  but  some  im- 
provement in  tone  is  evident,  and  deal- 
ers look  forward  to  a  better  business. 


Boston.  Oct.  18 — Public  interest  has 
been  greatly  stimulated  in  copper  shares 
by  the  recent  strength  and  activity  in  that 
department  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  The 
market  has  broadened  materially  and  the 
daily  large  attendance  in  brokerage  of- 
fices attests  to  the  fact  that  the  public 
is  becoming  interested  in  the  market. 
With  the  proper  leadership  coppers  would 


do  better,  as  prices  do  not  refiect  outside 
conditions. 

North  Butte  has  been  slightly  reaction- 
ary, due  to  profit  taking  on  stock  bought 
at  the  low  figures.  Lake  had  a  period 
of  activity  and  strength  due  to  favorable 
reports  on   conditions  at  depth. 

Most    ever>'thing    in    the    copper-share 

COri'ER    !'K01>rCTI0N   RErOI!T.S. 
Copper  contents  of  blister  copper,   in   pounds. 


Company. 

July. 

August. 

Septem- 
ber. 

Anaconda 

Arizona.  Ltd 

Balaklala 

'i/.m.im 

1.1IK),(H>0 
2,272.IWO 
8,771,735 
2,7(15,000 
4..5(HI,00(I 
1,800,000 

800.000 

6,806,429 
2,000,000 
2  207  (KHl 

2,620,00(1 

"i'oM'.Vio 
7,796,650 
2,560,0(» 
3,526,000 
2,1(HI,(XXI 

400  OOO 

22.200.000 
2,672,000 

B<ilen  (Me.\lco) 

Copper  Queen 

Cain  mot  ,^;  .\rlz 

Caiianea  (Mexico).. 

Detroit 

Kast  Butte 

Imperial 

2,061  ,:i(H) 
6,903,769 
2,6:)6,O0() 
3,666,000 
2,128,000 
790,(HK) 

Mammoth 

:Moctezuma  (Mex.). 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Dominion 

Shannon 

l.MO/ilM 

6,800,(KIO 
2,693,000 
1  .''.ii;  oar) 

2.21l',435 

6,270,000 
2,262,000 
1,418,000 
2,125,000 
7,100,000 

Supi'rloi-  &  Pitts.... 

Utah  Cojipor  Co 

liuite  District 

2,224,000      2[.520]o(l0 

R,677.(HHt      7.440.0:J5 

23.7.50.(MIO    23.750  000 

Lake  Superior 

19.0(H),(»)(I 

18,800,000 

16,700,000 

Total  production. 

90,804,411 
17,714,0:M 

86,221,318 
13,324,788 

ImiKirts.  bai-8,  etc.. 

Total  blister 

108,518.446    OS,.546,106 
6.458,637      5.156.2(U 

Deduct  Can.  &5Ioc. 

Net  blister  rep. . . 

102,059,808 
6,637,836 

93,389,902 
13,031.2.54 

Imp.  in  ore  *  matte 

Total 

108,697,(>14 

106,421,166 

Unite  district  and  Lake  Superior  ligiires  are 
esliaialed:  others  are  report.s  received  from 
coinijanies.  Imports  duplii'ate  production  of 
Canaiiea.  and  lliat  part  of  Copper  (Jiieen  pro- 
duction which  ciuues  from  Nacozari.  Kol-o 
copper  docs  not  come  to  American  reliners. 
rtah  Copper  reiKuM  includes  tlie  output  of 
the  Hoston  mill.  Itntte  district  production  for 
September  is  given  under  .Vnaconda  and  East 
Untie. 


STATISTICS   OF  COTrEII. 


Month. 

United 

States 

Product'n. 

DeliverioB, 
Domestic, 

Deliveries 
for  Export, 

X, 1909 

XI              .  .. 

124  667,7v)9 
121.618,369 
117.828.665 

66.359,617 
66,857,873 
60,619,601 

66,261.238 
56,266,696 
69,646,570 

XII   

Tear 

1.406,403,066 

705,051  ,,691 

680,942,020 

1. 1910 

116,547.287 
112,712,493 
120,067,4(17 
117,477,639 
123.242.476 
127,219.188 
118,370.IHI3 
]27.W)3,618 
119,519,983 

78.168,387 
66,618.322 
62.S44.8I8 
67.985.061 
59.305.222 
.63.363.196 
66.708.176 
67,731,271 
64,601,018 

81,691.673 
37.:»I10.618 
40,,585.767 
31  :»2.434 
46.495.400 
l>5.895.94S 
69.407.167 
61.831,7,80 
75,106,496 

II  

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

Visible  stocks. 

United 

states. 

Europe, 

T,.tal. 

X.1909 

\I 

161,472.772 
163,500,(12(1 
1,53,(K13,527 
141,7(16,111 
98.403.330 
107.187.992 
123.824.874 
141.984.159 
160.426.97:) 
168,:l8(;.017 
170.(140,678 
ir>8,881,245 
148,793,714 

210,224,000 
222,566,400 
2:i6,K67,6(KI 
214,2(H,800 
248,2;t6,8(KI 
2.54,1.50,4(KI 
249,626,(XKI 
246,870,4(K> 
2:10,142.400 
2:J2, 892, 8(H) 
322,320,IHHI 
218,444,800 
211,276.800 

361,696,772 
376,076.026 
389,801.127 
386.970.911 
.346.7(Hl.i:i9 
361.3:18.392 
,373,4,60,474 
:J88.864,669 
:<99,.568,373 
401,278,817 
:)92,9I  10,678 
387.:«6,046 
360,070,614 

XII 

I.  1910 

II 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

Elgures  are  In  pounds  of  line  cnptier.  f.  S, 
prodnctlim  Includes  all  c.)pper  rellned  In  this 
rountiy,  both  from  domestic  and  Imported 
material.  Visible  slocks  are  those  re[)orled 
on  the  llrst  day  of  each  month,  as  brought 
o\er    from    the   preceding   month. 


842 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  22.    1910. 


list  has  moved  up  from  two  to  five  or 
more  points.  Amalgamated  is  closely 
watched  in  the  New  York  market  and  its 
movements  are  reflected  in  the  local  list 
to  a  large  extent. 

The  advent  of  Hayden-Stone  interests 
in  Inspiration,  a  porphyry  property,  gave 
that  stock  a  boost  on  theCurb.  Chino  is 
also  at  its  top.  The  Curb  market  has 
brought  out  quite  a  few  features  aside 
from  those  just  mentioned.  Prominent 
has  been  Nevada-Utah,  which  is  up  to 
S1.37;.<.  Today  it  was  announced  that 
the  Hooley-Learnard  crowd  had  been 
deposed  from  the  management,  which 
also  means  that  Lawson  is  not  a  factor 
in  this  property  now.  Mazatlan  Copper 
and  Gold,  a  Mexican  property,  is  the  lat- 
est adjunct  to  the  Curb,  selling  at 
S2.50@2.75  per  share. 


Assi*sMia**iit  s 


Company. 


Americau  Commauder,  Ida. 

Aurora-Sampson,  Ida 

Bis '""ttonwood  Con.,  Utah. 
Blai-kliawk  M.  &  D.,  Ida  ... 

Carbonate,  Ida 

Cham  pion  Copper.  Ida 

Comet  a.  &  C,  Ida 

Cnufidnnce,  Nev 

Copper  Queen  M.  &  M..  Ida 

Crown  Point,  Nev 

Ea^lo  Mountain  L't'd,  Ida.. 

Hilarity  M.  Co.,  Ida 

Lucky  Boy  M.  &  C.,  Ida 

National  CM 

New  Hope  M.  Co.  Ltd.,  Ida. 

Pawliattan  M.  Co.,  Ida 

Overman,  Nev 

Salte.se  Con.,  Ida 

Silver  Mt..  Ida  

Silvei-  Rock,  Ida  

Snow  Shoe,  Ida 

Tarbo.K  M.  Co.,  Ida 

Temple,  Ida 


Delinq.     Sale,    i  Amt. 


Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct, 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

'Oct. 

Oct. 


Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 


31  $0,005 
10        t 
30    0.001 


0.005 

0.002 

0.001 

0.20 

0.003 

0.10 


0.003 
0.002 
0.01 
O.0O2 
0  001 
0.10 
0.001 
0.002 
220. 001* 


0.01 

0.0112 

0.002 


♦Oue-balt    mill. 


;>loiitlily   .VveraKO   Prices  of  Metals 

SII.VKI! 


January 

Februai'y. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

Jvilv   

AuKiisl 

Seploniher. 

OctolKir 

November. 
December., 


Total. . 


New  York.       London. 


11109.     1010.     190D.     1910. 


51.502 23,700 


■H  154 
23  79* 
23  liOO 
21  4K3 
24 , 797 
24.651 
25  034 
:24.428 
124.5(17 


,\e\v    York,    cents    per    line    ounce;    I.ondrm. 
pence    per    standni-d    ouni-o. 


Januaiy... 
Febriiai-y., 
Marcli,.,., 

April 

May 

J  lint" 

July 

AUKUMt 

Soptoinber 
October., .. 
Novefnber. 
December. 

Year 


New  York. 


Electrolytic        Lake. 


VJirj.     I'.iio.     1909.  I  1910. 


13  H93 
12.949 
12.387 
li.Bfi} 
12.893 
13.214 
12.880 
13 .007 
1?,.870 
12.700 
13.125 
13.29S 


12.982 


13.33.'; 


198(10 

(188  r>9 

231  59 

3(13 

338 

027 

550 

393 

021 

.551 

917 

90(t 


58.732 


923 
388 
214 
238 
313 
310 
194 
733 
207 


Xew  York,  cent.s  per  pound.  RIeetroIylic  Is 
for  enkes.  Ineots  or  wlri'lmrs.  London,  pounds 
slerllng.   per  lonsr   ton,   slnndni'd   copper. 


TIX 

AT    NEW    YORK 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February . . 

March 

.\pril 

May 

June 

28.11(1(1 
28  2911 
28.727 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

32.7110 
32  920 
32  403 
32  97(1 
33.125 
32 . 769 

July 

29.125 

32.(193 

September . 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

Av.  Year.. 

30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
.12.913 

34.982 

29.725 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


rrice> 


couts   per   pound. 


T.EAlt 


Month. 

New 

York, 

St.  L 

ouis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

.^pi-il 

May      .    ... 

4.175 
4.018 
3.986 
4.168 
4.287 
4.3.5(1 
4.321 
4.363 
4.342 
4.341 
4.37(1 
4. .56(1 

4.70U 
4.613 
4.459 
4.376 
4.315 
4.343 
4.404 
4 . 4(.K.l 
4 .  400 

4 .  025 
3.K6K 
3.833 
4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4.227 
4.215 
4.215 
4.262 
4.4.59 

4 .  582 
4.443 
4.3117 
4.22.'i 
4.164 
4.2(17 
4.291 
4  290 
4.289 

13.113 
13.313 
13   43S 
13.297 
1 3 . 223 
13  ir.'.i 
12.363 
12.473 
12.781 
13.175 
13.(147 
13.123 

13.6,50 
13.328 
13  11113 
12  641 

June 

July 

12.I1,S8 

August 

September.. . 

October 

November.,. 
December.. . 

12  513 
12.. 582 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New   York    niul    St.    I-onis.    cents  per   pound, 
[vondon.   pounds  sterlinL;  per   lonu;  tmi. 

SPELTEU 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

191(1. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Juue 

July 

5.141 
4.889 
4.757 
4.963 
3   124 
5.402 
3 .  402 
5 .  729 
5.796 
6.199 
6.381 
6.249 

6.101 
5.. 569 
5.637 
5.439 
3,191 
5.128 
5.152 
5.279 
3.514 

4.991 
4.739 
4.607 
4.815 
4.974 
5.252 
5.252 
5.579 
5 .  (146 
6.043 
6.231 
6.099 

5.9.51 
5.419 
5.4.H7 
5  289 
5.IH1 
4.97S 
5 . 0(12 
5.129 
5.364 

21.425 
21.562 
21  438 
21   .531 
21    975 
22.0(1(1 
21    969 
22.123 
22 . 906 
23.200 
23.188 
23.094 

23.350 
23.188 
23.(131 
22  4119 
22  1(10 
22 .  (194 
22  406 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December. . . 

22.800 
23.1113 

Year 

5.503 

5.352 

22.201 

Xcw    York   and    St.    Louis,   cents   prr   pound. 
London,  pounds  s'lerling  per  loni4*  ton. 

PRICKS   OF   TK;    iron   at   IMTTSBrUCJ. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910, 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February.... 

March 

April    

May 

June 

July 

$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
13.79 
13.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18.53 
18.28 
17.10 
10.52 
16.40 
16  09 
15.92 

$16.40 
16.09 
15.84 
15.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
10.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.(10 
15.40 
14.89 
14.73 

$16.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15  33 
15  40 

August 

Septcunber  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December. .. 

15.16 
14.93 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$10.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  8PEINGS   Oct.  18    SALT  LAKE 


Name  of  Comp. 


Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con. 

C.  K.  &  N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elk  ton  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

Flndlay 

Gold  Dollai- 

Gold  Sovereign . . 

Isabella    

Jennie  Hempie  . . 

Lexington 

Moon  Anchor 

Old  Gold 

]\rary  MeKInnoy, 

Phnrmnelst. 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work 


Bid, 


.055 
.02> 

t  15 
.09' 
.73 
.821 

t.OSJ 
.07| 
.14 
.03' 
.181 
.10? 
.011 
.03 
.04) 
.50 
02  S 

lis 

.91 

.03  J 


Name  of  Comp. 


Bingham  Copper. 

T  i'> 

Oarisa .  . 

1'* 

Colorado  Mining. 

.32 

t.'olumbUH   Con... 

.25 

Daly  Judge 

t4.25 

Grand  Central 

.97 

Iron  Blossom 

.72 

Little  Bell 

1.05 

Little  Chief 

t  '22 

Lower  Mammoth. 

.08} 

Ma.Hon  Valli^y 

9.75 

MaJ.  Mines 

t.63 

Mav  Da V 

.05{ 
2.27J 

Nevada  Hills 

t  IH 

Prince  Con 

.GO 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

1.95 

Stoux  Con 

.23 

Uncle  8am 

.39 

Victoria 

11.071 

Bid. 


Name  of  Comp. 


coMSTocK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher  

Best  &  Belcher.,,, 

Calediiuia 

Challenge  Con. . . . 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  t!al.  &  Va.,,, 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Sorcross. . 

Me.xicau 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi  

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada.,,. 

Union  Con 

Yeih.'W  Jacket.... 


Clg, 


J. 10 
.06 
.37 
.28 
.20 
.10 

;  .'10 

1  J. 

.'t(J 

.15 
.'23 

1.125 
.42 

1.37' 
.43' 

t  40 
.22 
.25 
.33 

1.54 


Name  of  Comp. 


Misc.  net,  &C.\l. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extensicu 

Ore 

Bed  Hill 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka 

So.  Eureka 


Bid. 


1-j 
1(1 

ISi 

32 

33 

06 

03 

OS 

16  • 

03' 

00 

15 


N.  Y.  EXCH. 


Oct.  18 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated . . . 
Am.  .\gri.  Chtmi . 
Am.Sm.i:Ref.,con 
Am.Sm.  &  Ref.,iil 

Anaconda 

Bethl.'hemSteelpf 
Col.  &Hock.O.  &I. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 

Golilfield  Con 

Great  Nor.,  orectf. 

Homostake 

X  at  "11, iILead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nov.  Cousol 

Pittsburg  Coal 

Repul.ilicI&S.com. 
Repulilio  I  &  S,  pf. 
SlosaShetB'd.com. 
Sloss  Shefliold,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper 

n.  S.  Steel,  com... 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


Clg 


mi 

43?i 

to 

51 

T/, 
60 
J86Ji 
62  3i 
tl03 
22 
19  V 
34 

r->2?,' 

55>2 

:ii6 

38^,' 
52 
77  K 
lli'% 
64 


BOSTON  EXCH.    Oct.  18 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Oct,  18 


Name  of  Comp. 


Ariz.-Cananea.... 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek. . . 
Braden  Copper. . . 

B.  (-'.  Copiier 

Bulfalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition... 

Caledonia 

Calumet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines.. 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Gli'oux 

Greene  Cananea. . 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKlnley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 
Mont.  Shoshone. . 
Mont.-Tonopah.. . 
Nov.  Utah  M.  &  S. 
Nipissing  Min(*s.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacllic  Sm.  &  M.. 
Precious  Metals.. 

Rav  Central 

Rav  Con 

South  Utah  M.,<iS. 

Standard   Oil 

Stewart 

'ronop.ah 

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-Hulllon 

Tularosa 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


Mi 

13 

4'. 

7  J, 
12  ,H 
20  >i 

1.92 
ItiJi 

•iiy, 
1 

2 

17 
1,29 
3J4 
2!.- 
»M 
■!% 
11  J. 
tlK 
1180 

h\ 

1.15 

20J4 

15 

.14 

1.92 

105i 

ly 
lA 

19  y, 
icoo 

n 

1.05 
IK 

1« 
1 


3% 


LONDON 
Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton'sInd, 

('amp  Bird 

Esperanza.... 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Orovllle 

M'»xlco  Mines 


Oct,  19 


Clg, 


£1  108 

Od 

0     3 

3 

1  12 

3 

2    8 

0 

018 

9 

1    7 

0 

0    7 

0 

7  17 

0 

Name  of  Comp. 


Adventure 

Algomah 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

.\rizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin . . 
Butte  i  Balak.... 
Calumet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

C'on.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royals 

Keweenaw 

I  Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

lOjibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

IParrot 

iQuincy 

iShannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best. . 
Superior  &  Pitts. . 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  a.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pt.. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria  

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


i^lg. 


9 
13 
45)i 
2-ii 

5>f 

ISH 
.   "X 

1.50 
16 
5X 

mn 

560 
22X 
lli 
71 
4 
»ii 

y^ 

S4X 
29X 

2X 
17K 
23 

13X 
38  j 
lOX 
10 

»% 
iOH 
is-ijj 
11 

76 

13)( 

5-2 

8 
13 
60 

6 
40 
iSH 

4 
24« 

3 

wa 

131 


BOSTON  CURB     Oct,  IB 
Laat. 


Name  of  Comp, 


.Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Cliemmig 

Chief  iVms 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve.. . 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw ., 

Maje.^tlc 

Nafl  Mine  &  Ex. 
Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneco 

Raven  Coi>per... 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Arlz 

South  Lake 

Superior  ,t  Globe. 

TnMhewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuiuu 


190 

}2K 

IX 

.(7 

.la  ■ 
laii 

.06X 

'.MH 

IV 

■i/t 

6 

}2X 

10 
.'28 
.62 
.12 
2A 

12 
.41 

to 

fit 

»H 

.13 
i;'« 
3X 

»x 

t.3' 


Jl.iist  (piolnlion. 


m-in-iTi.|.rin.rFFr;'rrrT-FiTiTi.L-ivi'in'iaaU')'i'VlU'Wi'*'t't'CTnVrjm!I 


THE 

BOS 


■^'^CT^^^^^l^l^^l'^^V^^^i^r^■l^^^l^lnlmU^l^l■l■nTnTIIITln^p^lpr^^^T^■^•;^:^.^T^T^T^T,.; 


ENGINEERING 


AND 


MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       \^EEKLY .^ 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  i\,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary -%.  London  Office,  6  Boiiverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
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payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
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1^1 

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^^^^ 

R 

H 

in  Canada  -%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  -%■  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ■%  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  go 


OCTOBER  29,  igio. 


NO.  i8 


VlKVlhA  riOX    STA  riCMLST 

Dttrimi     l!»o!)     trc    printed     and    circulated 
.".:n,.'iiHi '  ciipic.^     of    The     Exgixkerixg    and 

.MlMN<:     .luIltNAI.. 

Our   circulatinn    for   l^icptentbcr,    lOlo.    iras 
;i'.).500   coiiiifi. 

Qclohrr    1 12. .".(Kl 

October  8 !)..JiMi 

Octiihcr   l."i ll.r.Dti 

October   22 n.SOO 

October   29 9.500 

Xonc  sent  free  reqularttl,  no   bad;   numVcrs. 
rif/nres   are   tire,    net    circulation. 


Contents  page 

Editorials  : 

Mure    I'lnanciiiff   of    l'oii)li.viy    Coppers  84:! 

The   .Advanct>   ill   Silver 844 

Kav  Central 844 

Wliv   Many   "Prospects"   Remain   Unde- 

\;-i.)i)e(r 844 

Ciictus   Cupper  Company 845 

< 'ori-espondciu-t'    and    Iiisenssion: 

Till'  .Vltar  licild  I'lacer  Fields  of 
Sonora,  Mexico.  .  .  .Smelling  at  Xish- 
ni   Tagil.  ..  .Calculation   of  Recovery 

in    Concentration S4lj 

(Questions  and   .\nswers 847 

Spassky    Copper    Mine 847 

liciails   of    I'ractical    Minins: 

•I'nwatcrini;  Sliaft  liy  ('ompressed 
Air.  .  .  .  •Connlerlialanccd  T  i  ni  li  e  r 
Cage....  Splicing  'I'rainway  Cables 
....  •I!ral<e  lor  Timber  Slide  .... 
tiianiond  Urilling....  •Oiling  Loco- 
motive Wlici'l  i"langes  ....  •Details 
of  Cliurn  Urill  Operations  ^it  Silver- 
bell,    .\rizona 848 

Camp  llird.   Limited 852 

'I'lie  Kin  Tinto  Company 832 

American    Inslltute   of    Mining   I'Ingiueers  S52 
Location  of  Western   i'liospliate   Lands, 

Salt    Latvc    Correspondence  852 
(  allfornia    Oil    Trices. 

.sv/*(   rriinciftco  Correitpondence  853 
I'alau    Kxpioslon    Hue    lo    Ulownout    Sliot  853 

*.\   New   I*a1  lisonizing   Trocess 8.5.*i 

i'lilladelphia    *:    Iteading    Coal    and    Iron 

Company    85.'? 

Investigating    Manufacturing    Costs. 

Wiifihiniilou     Correspondence  854 
(.iiiarlerly     itepcul     of     tlie     N'ortli     Butte 

Minnig    Company 854 

ili-eene-Ciinanea    Ope'ralions '.    854 

I'resent  'I'endencies  in  Cyanide  Practice. 

il/«<fr    H.    Lamb   855 
Mint     Investigations. 

Waxhini/ton   Correxpondencc  858 
•Dredging     Conditions     on     tlie     Seward 

Peninsula (1.    IS.     Mokmii.    II  S.5'.i 

How  <;oId  is  .Mari<eted  in  l,f)ndon 805 

Notes    on    llie    Metallurgy    at    Coiiperliill. 

Tennessee deoriii'  .1.  f/»c.'<.<   SfJO 

Cernian    Miners'    Insur-ance    and    Annuilv 

l'"unds  -1 rndcrirl:    I,.    Ilnlfniiin    S(',7 

•Mining    Coal    in    Southern     Indiana, 

rioud    11'.    Pamons  SfiO 

ciilnese  Coal   for  tlie  I'nited   States S7:i 

Colliery    Notes 873 

Patents    S74 

Pei-sonal.  Oltltuary  and  Societies S75 

Kdilorlal    Correspondence 87ri 

Mining   News 878 

Markets    884 

•lllUKtratcd. 


More  Financing  of    Porphyry 
Coppers 


The  substantial  improvement  in  the 
market  for  copper  and  in  the  general 
stock  market  quickly  inspired  courage 
in  the  ranks  of  the  promoters  of  new  min- 
ing enterprises  to  invite  the  public  to 
contribute  the  additional  sums  required 
for  these  undertakings.  But  why  this 
never-ending  financing?  This  is  some- 
thing upon  which  investors  may  pause 
and  reflect. 

We  have  lately  seen  the  Miami  com- 
pany make  its  fourth  call  for  money  and 
Braden  its  third.  Inspiration  has  just 
raised  S2,000.000  by  sale  of  treasury  stock 
and  Ray  Consolidated  is  making  a  bond 
issue  of  $3,000,000.  Before  long  Chino 
will  have  to  be  financed.  Inspiration  has 
raised  only  a  part  of  the  money  that  it 
will  require  and  we  may  reasonably  ex- 
pect that  the  history  of  Chino  will  be  a 
repetition  of  the  experience  that  began 
with  Utah  Copper  Company  and  Nevada 
Consolidated. 

Why  is  it  that  the  promoters  of  these 
enterprises  do  not  provide  sufficient 
money  in  the  first  place?  (1)  Is  it  that 
the  engineers  are  incapable  of  estimating 
accurately  the  requirements?  (2)  Or  are 
the  promoters  afraid  to  ask  at  once  for 
the  huge  sum  that  they  know  will  be  re- 
quired? (3)  Or  is  the  gradual  expan- 
sion of  capital  account  really  due  to  pro- 
gressive enlargement  of  plans?  Of  course, 
the  answer  of  the  promoters  will  be  af- 
firmative to  the  last  inquiry.  Our  own 
answer  is  afHrmitive  to  the  three  in- 
quiries, without,  however,  implying  that 
all  of  these  conditions  exist  in  all  cases. 


We  may  take  the  history  of  Miami  as 
illustrative  of  the  experience  of  these 
companies,  and  in  making  this  selection 
we  look  at  the  best  face  of  modern  cop- 
per financing,  inasmuch  as  it  has  been 
one  of  the  soundest  developments  and 
certainly  the  most  modest.  When  first  of- 
fered to  the  public,  200,000  shares  were 
sold  at  $5  per  share.  The  promoters 
doubtless  realized  that  this  would  fetch 
insufficient  money  and  relied  upon  such 
development  of  the  mine  as  would  en- 
able the  remaining  100,000  shares  of 
treasury  stock  to  be  sold  at  SIO  per  share. 
That  was  done.  Subsequent  develop- 
ments were  so  favorable  that  the  manage- 
ment considered  itself  justified  in  increas- 
ing its  plans  from  the  basis  of  1000  tons 
per  day  to  2000  per  day.  This  necessitated 
more  inoney  and  a  bond  issue  of  $1,000,- 
000  was  made. 

The  mining  and  milling  of  2000  tons  of 
ore  a  day  is  almost  ridiculously  modest 
as  things  go  with  the  "porphyry  mines." 
However,  the  engineering  estimates  fell 
short,  largely  because  of  the  extraordi- 
nary sum  put  into  the  underground  de- 
velopments of  the  mine,  which  in  fact 
have  anticipated  future  mining  costs  to  a 
noteworthy  extent,  and  it  became  nec- 
essary to  increase  the  capital  of  the  com- 
pany and  sell  more  stock.  By  the  time 
that  production  is  inaugurated,  the  de- 
velopment and  the  equipment  of  Miami 
will  have  cost  nearly  $4,000,000.  Now 
we  have  Inspiration  with  a  capital  of 
1.000.000  shares  and  $2,000,000  just  re- 
ceived from  the  sale  of  its  treasury  stock, 
planning  to  build  a  milling  plant  of  5000 
tons  daily  capacity.  For  such  a  capacity, 
the  development  and  equipment  inay  rea- 


844 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


sonably  be  expected  to  cost  something 
like  twice  that  of  the  Miami.  Obviously, 
the  Inspiration  will  later  on  be  compelled 
to  do  more  financing.  We  refer  to  this 
company  simply  because  it  is  just  starting 
on  the  road  that  Ray  Consolidated  has 
traveled  half  way. 

We  are  not  going  to  criticize  any  man- 
agement or  group  of  promoters  for  de- 
ficiencies in  this  respect.  We  shall  sim- 
ply point  out  to  investors  that  they  must 
00  their  own  estimating  as  to  probable 
capital  requirements.  The  promoter  esti- 
mates that,  let  us  say,  he  is  going  to  pro- 
duce 50,000,000  lb.  of  copper  at  a  profit 
of  4c.  per  lb.,  or  82,000,000  per  annum, 
or  S2  per  share  if  there  be  1,000,000 
shares.  But  if  the  capitalization  is  to  be 
increased  to  1,250,000  shares  by  an  issue 
of  convertible  bonds,  or  otherwise,  the 
profit  per  share  will  be  diluted  to  SI. 60. 
The  stockholder  needs  to  know  not  only 
the  tonnage,  grade  and  production-cost  of 
the  ore,  but  also  how  long  will  be  the 
time  before  contemplated  production  will 
be  made  and  what  will  be  the  capital 
stock  of  the  company,  or  other  obliga- 
tions, at  that  time. 


The  Advance    in   Silver 


Silver  prices,  which  opened  this  year 
at  about  52!/2C.  in  New-  York,  receded 
during  the  two  following  months,  in 
March  reaching  a  point  as  low  as  51 '4C. 
From  that  point  on  these  was  a  gradual 
but  pretty  steady  improvement  to  5454c., 
in  July.  In  August  and  September  there 
was  a  slight  drop,  but  the  price  did  not  go 
under  a  fraction  below  53c.  The  London 
market  was  shaken  from  time  to  time  by 
reports  of  heavy  stocks  in  India,  and  of 
selling  by  the  Chinese.  It  was  proved, 
however,  that  the  Indian  stocks  were  less 
than  had  been  reported,  and  were  held  by 
parties  well  able  to  carry  them.  More- 
over they  were  gradually  worked  off.  as 
good  crops  in  India  increased  the  demand 
for  the  metal. 

During  the  present  month  there  has 
been  a  sha;p  advance,  the  New  York 
price  rising  from  54c.  at  the  opening  of 
the  month  to  a  high  of  56.Mc.,  which 
seems  to  be  well  held.  Increased  buying 
in  India  w'as  the  main  cause  of  this  ad- 
vance, helped  by  the  report  of  a  prob- 
able demand  from  China;  and  helped 
also  to  some  degree  by  a  bull  speculation 
in  the  London  market. 

The  London  reports  show  that  up  to  the 
middle  of  October  there  was  an  increase 


of  about  5,500.000  oz.  in  the  exports  to 
India,  as  compared  with  last  year.  This 
was  partly  offset  by  a  decrease  in  the 
Chinese  purchases;  but  it  was  made  in 
the  absence  of  any  buying  by  the  Indian 
government.  The  fact  that  the  reserve 
stock  of  coined  rupees  in  India  has  been 
steadily  drawn  down  and  that  silver  must 
soon  be  needed  for  coinage  is  a  material 
help  to  the  market.  India  remains — and 
must  remain  as  long  as  conditions  con- 
tinue unchanged,  as  there  is  every  prob- 
ability they  will — the  chief  arbiter  of  the 
silver  market. 

The  supply  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
much  increased  by  the  higher  prices  so 
far.  Over  two-thirds  of  the  London  sup- 
ply is  drawn  from  the  United  States;  but 
up  to  the  end  of  September  there  was  a 
decrease  of  approximately  2,200,000  oz., 
as  compared  with  last  year,  in  our  net  ex- 
ports of  silver. 


Ray  Central 

The  Ray  Central  Copper  Company  has 
been  the  subject  of  some  comment  during 
the  last  fortnight,  and  of  some  disappoint- 
m.ent,  the  latter  because  money  for  its 
equipment  is  not  to  be  speedily  forthcom- 
ing, as  was  hoped  and  expected  by  many 
of  its  stockholders.  This  does  not,  how- 
ever, deprive  the  mine  of  value,  and  some 
day,  no  doubt  its  resources  will  be  rea- 
lized in  one  way  or  another. 

This  company  owns  an  area  nearly 
surrounded  by  Ray  Consolidated  territory, 
in  which  there  is  undoubtedly  an  ore- 
body.  The  General  Development  Com- 
pany purchased  an  interest  in  the  com- 
pany, obtained  an  option  for  the  under- 
writing of  a  bond  issue  of  S2,000.000,  and 
undertook  the  exploration  of  the  property. 
A  few  days  ago  it  was  announced  that 
Mr.  Channing  had  advised  against  the 
exercise  of  the  option  on  the  bonds, 
whereupon  the  stock  slumped.  This  has 
led  to  some  animadversions  upon  a  form- 
er report  by  Mr.  Channing. 

In  that  report  he  said  that  when  the 
management  of  the  property  was  taken 
over  it  had  "safely  developed  2,000,000 
tons  of  ore."  He  said  that  at  the  date  of  re- 
port (Jan.  19,  1910)  it  was  impossible  to 
determine  accurately  the  thickness  of  the 
orebody  but  thought  it  would  be  safe  to 
assume  an  average  of  150  ft.,  which 
would  make  a  total  of  7,500,000  tons  de- 
veloped, and  he  felt  safe  in  assuming  an 
average  copper  content  of  at  least  2  per 
cent. 


This  report,  merely  of  progress  in  a 
mine  under  development,  became  the  ba- 
sis of  exaggerated  and  unjustified  state- 
ments by  outside  persons,  who  made  as- 
sumptions as  to  copper  extraction,  cost 
of  production,  etc.,  upon  which  Mr.  Chan- 
ning did  not  touch  at  all,  and  who  fi- 
nally came  to  believe  that  Mr.  Channing 
had  said  that  he  had  7,500,000  tons  of 
developed  ore,  plus  an  equal  quantity  of 
probable  ore,  and  under  such  illusions 
boosted  the  stock.  The  natural  inter- 
pretation of  the  decision  to  refuse  to 
take  the  bonds  of  the  company  is  sim- 
ply that  it  has  been  decided  unwise  to  do 
so,  at  least  at  the  present  time. 

The  lesson  to  be  drawn  from  the  set- 
back in  this  stock  is  _that  when  a  mine 
is  under  development,  the  result  of  the 
work  should  be  awaited  with  reasonable 
patience;  and  when  an  engineer  has 
made  some  statements  respecting  partial 
developments,  over-enthusiastic  persons 
should  not  immediately  pile  Pelion  on 
Ossa.  In  the  present  case  we  have  no 
doubt  as  to  the  sincerity  of  the  boomers. 

Something  will  be  gained  if  it  be 
learned  from  the  experience  with  Ray 
Central,  that  every  mine  is  not  a  sub- 
ject for  the  blithe  expenditure  of  mil- 
lions. But  most  good  of  all  will  be  done 
by  the  Ray  Central  denouement,  if  it  be 
taken  as  a  word  of  warning  respecting 
some  of  the  bigger  porphyry  promotions. 
Of  course,  it  does  not  follow  that  because 
Miami,  with  ore  expected  to  yield  40  lb. 
copper  per  ton,  is  estimated  to  produce 
at  9c.  per  lb.,  every  mine  having  ore  to 
yield  25-30  lb.  will  produce  at  the  same 
cost  of  9c.  On  the  contrarv',  if  mining, 
milling  and  smelting  at  Miami  are  to 
come  to  S2;70  per  ton  of  ore,  or  B-v^c. 
per  lb.  of  copper,  or  going  on  to  9c.,  New 
York,  the  same  items  on  30-lb.  ore  will 
come  to  about  9c.,  raising  the  cost  to 
something  like  lie,  New  York.  This  is 
one  of  a  number  of  things  that  exper- 
ience is  soon  going  to  teach. 


Why    Many    "Prospects' 
Undeveloped 


Remain 


The  people  of  Colorado  are  engaged 
in  a  praiseworthy  attempt  to  rejuven- 
ate the  mining  industry  of  their  State. 
In  this  connection  and  referring  to  the 
stagnation  of  mining  an  esteemed  cor- 
respondent has  called  our  attention  to  a 
contribution  in  a  local  newspaper,  which 
remarks   in   part:     "If  asked   the   reason 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


845 


for  this  deplorable  condition  the  answer 
will  be  that  capital  can  not  be  induced 
to  invest  in  our  mines  on  such  terms  as 
will  give  the  original  claim  owner  a  good 
margin  of  profit,  figuring  such  profit  up- 
on a  basis  of  development  work  done 
and  what  is  considered  the  prospective 
value  of  the  claims." 

This  displays  a  rhisconception  that  al- 
ways retards  development.  Capital  can 
be  found  for  any  enterprise  that  promis- 
es an  adequate  return,  but  not  usually 
to  repay  all  development  work,  much  of 
which  may  have  been  ill-advised,  plus 
the  vendors'  view  of  prospective  value. 
The  idea  of  value  held  by  the  average 
developer  of  a  prospect  is  the  sum  that 
he  would  like  to  have  rather  than  what 
is  reasonably  indicated  by  his  property. 
This  stands  in  the  way  of  the  develop- 
ment of  many  prospects;  it  always  has 
done  so  and  probably  always  will. 

Our  correspondent  suggests  a  means 
of  inducing  capital  to  come  into  his  dis- 
trict, viz.  "Have  the  mine  owners  sub- 
mit reports,  containing  maps,  assays,  etc., 
to  said  association,  so  that  the  associa- 
tion may  submit  to  prospective  investors 
all  details  concerning  our  mines."  Un- 
fortunately this  is  just  what  the  rank 
and  file  of  small  mine  owners  can  not 
do,  because  they  seldom  take  the  trouble 
to  record  their  developments.  If  they 
did  the  whole  business  of  mining  would 
be  greatly  simplified.  It  is  one  of  the 
marvels  of  our  industry  that  men  will 
expend  thousands  of  dollars  in  prospect- 
ing a  tract  of  mineral  land,  let  us  say 
by  drilling,  and  fail  to  keep  any  record 
of  what  they  have  done. 

Every  mining  engineer  possessing 
clients  looking  for  mines  knows  how  diffi- 
cult it  is  to  obtain  from  the  owners  of 
prospects  any  accurate  statement  of  fact. 
The  reasons  are  that  the  persons  develop- 
ing prospects  commonly  do  not  observe — 
frequently  are  quite  blind,  as  the  late 
Thomas  Walsh  learned  to  his  own  profit 
—and  what  they  do  observe  is  soon  for- 
gotten and  becomes  the  nucleus  of  a 
myth,  growing  with  time.  It  would  be  a 
herculean  task  to  re-examine  all  of  the 
old  prospects,  or  even  the  most  likely  of 
'them,  and  beyond  the  efforts  of  any  local 
boards  of  mining,  we  fear,  but  if  such  or- 
ganizations can  inspire  the  owners  to  such 
effort  and  then  can  persuade  them  to  rea- 
sonable ideas  as  to  value  something  will 
Ihave  been  accomplished. 
I     The  decadence  of  mining  in  Colorado  is 


doubtless  due  largely  to  the  exhaustion  of 
ores  that  are  profitable  at  present  prices 
of  metals,  but  let  no  idle  dreams  be  based 
upon  hopes  of  much  higher  prices  than 
obtain  at  present.  We  have  no  reason  to 
expect  average  prices  in  excess  of  IS'A 
«i  14c.  for  copper,  4.50  for  lead,  5.40rf( 
5.50  for  spelter  and  50ra  55c.  for  silver 
and  present  prices  are  not  greatly  below 
those  figures.  In  fact  both  silver  and 
spelter  are  higher.  Any  mine  that  cannot 
at  least  pay  its  way  under  existing  con- 
ditions of  the  markets  is  scarcely  worth 
working  at  all. 


Cactus  Copper  Company 

There  has  recently  been  a  cataclysmic 
decline  in  the  quotations  of  a  speculative 
copper  stock,  viz.:  Cactus.  This  sort 
of  thing  happens  so  frequently  that  by 
this  time  the  unwary  investor  ought  to 
be  fully  prepared  for  it.  When  he  is 
tempted  to  take  a  "flyer"  in  one  of 
these  ventures,  alluringly  presented,  he 
must  contemplate  the  danger  of  the 
whole  thing  blowing  up  and  consider  that 
he  is  risking  his  money  in  something 
like    a    nitroglycerin    factory. 

The  Cactus  affair  was  thoroughly  dis- 
graceful. It  was  a  prospecting  venture, 
conducted  under  the  direction  of  a  good 
engineer,  which  by  some  person,  or  per- 
sons, was  represented  to  the  public  as  a 
mine.  We  made  some  caustic  remarks 
about  it  in  our  issue  of  June  4,  1910, 
and  charged  misrepresentation,  without 
undertaking  to  fix  the  responsibility 
therefor.  The  president  of  the  company 
wrote  us  a  letter  in  sorrow  that  we  should 
have  made  such  remarks  without  investi- 
gating. In  fact  we  had  investigated  and 
possessed  information  respecting  the 
"mine,"  which  by  this  time  he  also  has 
learned. 

Now,  the  Boston  house  that  has  been 
identified  with  this  promotion  announces 
that  the  publication  of  the  last  report  of 
Mr.  Pritchett,  consulting  engineer  of  the 
Cactus  company,  "has  raised  a  number 
of  grave  questions,  involving  the  probity 
of  the  Cactus  management."  The  report 
of  Mr.  Pritchett,  dated  Oct.  4,  is  inter- 
preted as  offering  little  encouragement, 
and  it  is  admitted  that  other  engineers 
having  data  of  the  explorations  had 
earlier  drawn  "radically  different  con- 
clusions" (i.e.,  respecting  the  prospects) 
"and  their  opinions  are  now  proving  to 
have  been  correct." 


On  Dec.  20,  1909,  it  was  stated  that 
it  was  the  understanding  "that  from  a 
conservative  estimate  made  lately  that 
2,500,000  tons  of  commercial  ore  are 
measured  in  the  development  works  al- 
ready opened.  Four  or  five  million  tons 
can  be  figured  within  bounds  of  absolute 
safety."  Reference  is  now  made  to  an 
estimate,  of  about  the  same  date  of 
2,000,000  tons  of  ore  averaging  1.5  per 
cent,  copper.  Of  course,  everyone  in 
his  senses  knows  that  1.5  per  cent,  ore 
is  not  "commercial"  ore  in  the  Globe 
district   at  the   present  time. 

Painful  as  the  explosion  of  Cactus 
has  been  to  many  people,  it  will  at  least 
have  done  some  good  if  it  teaches  that 
every  prospect  is  not  destined  to  become 
a  mine,  not  even   a  poor  mine. 


The  statement  of  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation  for  the  September 
quarter  is  rather  better  than  was  ex- 
pected; the  net  earnings  being  only  $2,- 
805,000  less  than  in  the  June  quarter  and 
$481,000  less  than  in  the  third  quarter 
of  last  year.  The  surplus  over  charges 
for  the  quarter  was  sufficient  to  pay  the 
usual  dividends  and  to  continue  appro- 
priations for  new  work.  These  have  been 
this  year  at  the  rate  of  $30,000,000  a 
year,  and  have  gone  mainly  to  the  Gary 
plant  and  the  extensions  at  Ensley.  The 
statement  of  unfilled  orders  shows  a  con- 
siderable decrease,  but  this  is  partly  ex- 
plained, as  we  have  already  noted,  by 
the  hesitation  to  accept  orders  for  next 
year  at  present  prices.  If  we  consider 
the  absence  of  recent  railroad  purchases, 
the  result  is  not  at  all  unfavorable. 


The  confidence  of  some  of  the  import- 
ant electric  manufacturing  companies  in 
the  future  expansion  of  their  business, 
and  consequently  the  future  consumption 
of  copper,  is  manifested  by  the  plans 
of  the  General  Electric  Company  for  the 
construction  of  a  new  factory  at  Erie, 
Penn.,  and  of  the  Western  Electric  Com- 
pany for  a  new  factory  at  Chicago. 


According  to  official  information,  re- 
specting the  Porcupine  gold  district  of 
Ontario,  there  appears  to  be  no  question 
as  to  the  richness  of  the  samples  of  ore 
obtained,  but  so  far  little  is  known  as  to 
the  extent  of  the  orebodies. 


"The  Mineral  Industry,"  Vol.  XVIII, 
is  now  on  the  press,  and  will  be  issued 
during  November. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOLR.^AL 


_0,  .0- 


The  Altar  Gold  Placer    Fields   of 
Sonera,  Mexico 


In  the  Journal  of  Oct.  1,  1910,  there 
is  an  article  by  a  "special  correspondent" 
on  the  above  fields,  which  says,  quite 
emphatically,  that  all  "available  ground" 
has  been  denounced.  The  writer  of  that 
article  was  "talking  through  his  hat." 

I  venture  to  say  that  in  the  ne.xt  two  or 
three  years  there  will  be  more  placer 
ground  uncovered  in  the  Altar  district 
than  ever  before.  The  placer  field  so 
far  discovered  runs  from  the  Interna- 
tional line  at  Sonoyta  to  close  to  Her- 
niosillo,  over  300  miles  in  length,  and 
from  nothing  to  100  miles  in  width.  Of 
all  the  ground  embraced  in  this  area, 
there  is  not  20  per  cent,  denounced.  I 
personally  know  of  thousands  of  per- 
tenencias  that  no  one  has  ever  thought  of 
working.  There  is  a  lot  of  prospecting 
going  on  at  present,  and  your  correspond- 
ent will  surely  have  a  chance  to  rewrite 
his  article  before  long.  E.  Massey. 

Magdalena,  Son.,  Oct.  10,  1910. 


Smelting  at  Nishni  Tagil 


I  beg  to  correct  some  inexact  data  con- 
cerning the  Lebedeff-Pomerantzeff  rever- 
beratory  furnace  mentioned  in  the  ar- 
ticle "Smelting  at  Nishni  Tagil  in  the 
Ural  Mountains,"  in  the  Journal  of 
Sept.  24,  1910.  The  furnace  uses  one 
cord  of  green  wood  for  three  tons  of  ore. 
The  wood  is  never  dried  for  the  furnace 
and  at  Nishni  Tagil  wood  is  usually  bad. 
We  use  pine  because  this  wood  is  the 
cheapest  in  the  Urals.  In  the  second 
fire  box  there  remains  only  10  per  cent. 
of  fuel  which  burns  directly  in  the  re- 
generator. 

The  slag  of  the  reverberatory  furnace 
at  Nishni  Tagil  is  poorer  than  the  blast- 
furnace slag,  and  during  last  year  con- 
tained 0.36  per  cent.  Cu.  Moreover,  the 
quantity  of  slag  from  the  reverberatory 
is  10  per  cent,  less  than  from  the  blast 
furnace,  using  Lunieffsky  coal  with  30 
per   cent,   of   ash. 

The  director  of  the  Nishni  Tagil  copper 
works,  Mr.  Philippow,  printed'  some  in- 
teresting data  about  the  Lebedeff-Pomer- 
antzeff furnace  at  Nishni  Tagil.  The 
cost  of  smelting  ores  in  the  Lebedeff- 
Pomerantzeff  furnace  was:  Fuel,  S0.74; 
flux  and  sundries,  S0.05;  labor  and  sal- 
aries, S0.50;  total,  $1.29.  Based  on  the 
ton  of  copper  in  the  matte,  smelting  cost 


S60  (the  ore  contains  2.7  per  cent.  Cu). 
At  Nishni  Tagil  wood  costs  twice  as 
much  as  at  Sisertsk  or  Kishtym.  Conse- 
quently, the  smelting  of  the  ore  in  the 
Lebedeff-Pomerantzeff  furnace  would 
cost  $0.92  per  ton  of  ore,  and  per  ton 
of  copper  in  the  matte,  522  (the  ore  con- 
tains 5  per  cent.  Cu).  That  is  exceed- 
ingly economical  smelting. 

B.    POMERANTZEFF. 

Oranienbaum,  Russia. 
Sept.  25,   1910. 


'/Ik?/.    Soc.    Mln.    Eng.    of    St.    I'deisljuig. 
101(1,    VoL    (!. 


Calculation    of    Recovery    in 
Concentration 

The  articles  by  T.  J.  Hoover,  appearing 
in  the  Journal,  June  1910,  and  in  the 
Mining  Magazine,  August,  1910.  on 
"Calculation  of  Recovery  in  Concentra- 
tion," were  read  with  interest,  as  was 
also  the  editorial  in  the  latter.  The  only 
objection  one  can  have  to  the  editorial  is 
that  it  would  appear  as  though  these 
methods  of  calculation  would  be  quite 
new  to  mill  men  and  metallurgists.  Such 
an  assumption,  however,  is  an  error,  and 
it  is  our  opinion  that  a  number  of  mill 
men  fully  understand  that  their  opera- 
tions can  be  checked  with  a  close  de- 
gree of  approximation  by  an  outsider. 

Calculations  Complex  at  Times 

Weights  are  not  necessary  where  it  is 
simply  a  matter  of  three  products,  heads, 
tails  and  concentrates.  When,  however, 
as  in  more  complex  milling  (which  is 
becoming  more  common  from  year  to 
year),  there  are  not  only  three  but  four 
and  five  products  to  consider  the  calcu- 
lations, on  the  basis  of  assays  only,  be- 
come a  different  matter.  This  also  is 
true  where  it  is  desired  to  obtain  a  record 
of  the  work  of  a  concentrating  table 
which  is  separating  say  lead,  zinc  and 
iron,  and  besides  a  tailings  product, 
makes  iron,  zinc  and  zinc-silica  mid- 
dlings. 

While  it  is  true  that  many  mill  men 
have  no  idea  of  the  value  of  simple  alge- 
braic equations  in  checking  up  their  mill 
work,  we  believe  that  ignorance  of  this 
method  is  not  as  common  as  might  be 
supposed. 

We  have  been  using  this  method  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  could  recite  some 
laughable  instances  where  a  mill  man 
was  badly  tripped  up,  thinking  that  as 
long  as  we  did  not  know  the  weights,  he 
could  polish  up  his  figures  to  make  them 
iook  good.  A  few  moments  with  a  pocket 
slide   rule   will   do   wonders   in   getting   a 


clear  notion  as  to  the  mill  man's  honesty, 
and  when  confronted  with  the  actual  fig- 
ures it  frequently  jolts  them  to  such  an 
extent  that  they  "  'fess  up."  On  the  other 
hand  we  have  frequently  met  mill  oper- 
ators who  were  quite  at  home  with  the 
theoretical  methods  advanced  in  the 
above-mentioned  papers. 

The  Theoretical  Calculations  Check 
WITH  Practice 

That  such  theoretical  calculations  bear 
out  actual  practice  wonderfully  well,  is 
shown  by  the  instance  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Hoover  and  is  corroborated  by  our  ex- 
perience and  investigation.  In  one  par- 
ticular case  about  four  years  ago,  in  the 
operation  of  a  plant  treating  an  ore  carry- 
ing as  valuable  metals  only  lead  and 
silver,  and  in  the  treatment  of  which 
only  two  products  were  made,  lead  con- 
centrates and  tailings,  we  wanted  accu- 
rate and  quick  records.  For  a  number  of 
weeks  full  records  were  kept  of  all 
weights  and  assays,  and  at  the  same  time 
the  results  were  calculated  on  the  basis 
of  using  only  the  concentrate  weights 
and  the  assay  of  heads,  tails  and  concen- 
trates. The  results  by  the  two  methods 
were  invariably  so  close  as  to  warrant  a 
discontinuance  of  the  more  expensive 
weighing  of  the  heads  and  tails,  as  this 
work  had  to  be  done  by  hand.  The  con- 
centrates only  were  then  weighed,  but 
heads,  tails  and  concentrates  carefully 
sampled  and  assayed.  Assays  were  made 
for  lead  and  silver,  and  of  course,  by  ap- 
plying the  formula,  the  ratio  of  concen- 
tration, when  calculating  on  either  lead 
or  silver,  had  to  be  the  same.  This  gave 
us  a  direct  check  on  the  assayer,  and 
much  to  his  surprise  w'e  were  able,  by  a 
few  moments  on  the  slide  rule,  either  to 
accept  them  as  correct,  or  return  them 
for  check  determinations.  As  we  recol- 
lect it  now  there  was  not  one  instance  in 
which  we  refused  to  accept  ftie  assays,  in 
which  they  were  not  returned  to  us  cor- 
rected and  then  closely  checked. 

Notation  Should  Be  Self-succesting 

We  note  that  Mr.  Hoover  has  found 
that  the  letter  c,  denoting  concentrates, 
has  advantages.  This  we  have  also  rea- 
lized, and  have  carried  this  advantage- 
ous notation  further,  so  that  by  the  letter 
the  meaning  is  promptly  brought  to  mind. 
Thus  we  use:  h,  assay  value  of  heads; 
//',  tonnage  of  heads;  /,  assay  value  of 
tails;  f.  tonnage  of  tails;  c,  assay  value 
of  concentrates;  c',  tonnage  of  concen- 
trates; D,  degree  of  concentration;  R, 
recoverv. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


847 


R: 


The  formulas  then  would  be  written  as 
follows:  For  degree  of  concentration: 

h  —  t 
while  for  recovery  we  have: 
c  X  too 

Or  for  the  recovery  formula  direct,  with- 
out the  intermediate  step,  we  have  by 
substitution  for  D: 

loo  c  jh  —  t) 
k(c~t)    ■ 

The  letters  h',  c'  and  t'  come  into  the 
calculation  when  the  relative  tonnages 
are  considered  or  when  such  factors  are 
known  instead  of  assay  value.  The  ways 
in  which  this  method  of  calculation  can 
be  used  are  manifold,  and  given  a  few 
certain  necessary  factors,  assays,  weights 
or  recover^',  all  other  factors  are  then 
quickly  determinable. 

The  use  of-  this  method  of  calculation 
has  saved  us,  during  the  past  five  or  six 
years,  many  hours  of  laborious  calcula- 
tion, and  aside  from  this,  enables  one 
to  follow  and  check  up  one's  own  work, 
as  well  as  the  statements  made  by  others, 
aside  from  the  advantages  it  offers  in 
surreptitiously  obtaining  fairly  reliable 
data  as  to  performances,  where  such  in- 
formation is  desirable  but  difficult  to  ob- 
tain, as  was  pointed  out  in  Mr.  Hoover's 
paper.  The  construction  of  charts  show- 
ing the  shifts'  work  by  means  of  curves 
is  also  an  important  application,  and 
should  be  universally  introduced. 

Dr.  Gahl  Formerly  Advocated  This 
Method  of  Calculation 

This  same  method  of  calculation  was, 
about  a  year  and  a  half  ago.  advanced  by 
Dr.  Rudolf  Gahl,  of  Morenci,  Ariz.,  in  a 
paper'  read  before  the  Western  Associa- 
tion of  Technical  Chemists  and  Metal- 
lurgists. Doctor  Gahl  also  uses  the  let- 
ters a,  b,  c  and  x.y,:  in  constructing  the 
formulas,  which  we  believe  to  be  con- 
fusing. We  have  always  taken  pleasure 
in  instructing  mill  men,  whenever  they 
were  ignorant  of  such  method  of  calcula- 
tion, which  in  every  instance  has  fa- 
cilitated their  work.         Dietz  &  Keedy. 

Boston,  Mass.,  Oct.  15,  1910. 


ino!). 


?  QUFSTIONS^'^'ANSWERS 


Speculation  in  Mining  Stocks 

(1).  What  is  the  best  stock  to  buy 
for  a  rise  in  price  ? 

(2).  What  are  the  views  of  the 
Journal  respecting  Crown  Charter,  of 
Porcupine  district,  Canada? 

(3).  Are  there  any  reliable  brokers 
who  will  buy  Crown  Charter  on  margin? 

E.   C.   R. 

fn.  We  never  give  advice  of  this 
character. 

(2).    We  do  not  possess  complete  and 


specific  information  respecting  Crown 
Charter,  and,  consequently,  have  no 
views  as  to  its  speculative  merit. 

(3).  Reliable  brokers  do  not  carry 
mining  stocks  on  margin,  unless  they  be 
listed  on  the  New  York  or  Boston  stock 
exchanges.  Undsr  any  circumstances 
the  buying  of  mining  stocks  on  margin 
is    vicious    and    like    playing    with    fire. 

Electrical  Mineral   Indicators 

I  am  told  that  a  mining  company  in 
Arizona  has  discovered  a  large  orebody 
by  means  of  an  electrical  mineral  indi- 
cator. What  truth  is  there  in  this  re- 
port, and  what  is  the  opinion  of  the 
Journal  respecting  that  method  of  pros- 
pecting? 

A.   B.   C. 

(1).  We  do  not  believe  that  any  such 
discovery   has   been   made. 

(2).  It  is  possible  to  discover  the 
underground  occurrence  of  iron  ore  b> 
means  of  the  magnetic  dipping  needle, 
but  no  other  kinds  of  ore  deposits,  and 
we  think  that  the  exploiters  of  electrical 
mineral  indicators  are  either  fakers  or 
self-deceivers. 

Caldecott  Diaphragm  Cone 

Will  you  kindly  describe  in  more  or 
less  detail  the  Caldecott  diaphragm  used 
in  connection  with  cone  classifiers  for 
thickening  pulp.  M.  C.   D. 

The  Caldecott  cone  is  an  invention  of 
W.  A.  Caldecott,  of  Johannesburg, 
Transvaal,  and  consists  essentially  of  a 
classifier  of  the  conical  type,  having  an 
internal,  serrated  or  notched,  horizontal 
disk-diaphragm  near  the  bottom.  In  op- 
eration the  cone  is  kept  filled  with  sand 
nearly  to  the  top.  At  the  Dos  Estrellas 
mill  in  Mexico  a  circular  sheet-steel 
plate  is  used  in  place  of  the  serrated 
disk.  It  is  held  in  place  by  four  straps 
riveted  to  the  plate  and  having  their  ends 
attached  to  the  sides  of  the  cone  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  leave  an  annular  space 
between  the  plate  and  the  sides  of  the 
cone.  The  disk  is  placed  about  16  in. 
above  the  bottom  of  the  cone  where  a 
cast-iron  plug  cock  is  used  to  regulate 
the  underflow. 

In  operation,  the  cock  at  the  bottom  of 
the  cone  is  not  opened  until  sand  has 
collected  to  a  point  10  or  12  in.  from  the 
top.  The  cock  is  then  opened  sufficiently 
to  permit  thick  sand  to  discharge  at  the 
same  rate  that  it  settles  out  of  the  thin 
pulp  entering  the  cone.  A  large  open- 
ing is  necessary  at  the  bottom  of  the 
cone  on  account  of  the  slow  velocity  and 
thickness  of  the  discharge.  If  the  sand 
is  drawn  off  too  rapidly  the  bed  will  drop 
so  low  that  it  will  be  lost  and  thin  pulp 
will  issue  from  the  cock.  It  then  be- 
comes necessary  to  close  the  latter  and 
allow  the  bed  to  accumulate  as  on  start- 
ing. It  is  desirable  to  use  large  cones 
where  the  sand-bed  level  will  .permit 
slight  fluctuations  in  the  feed  without 
dropping  too  low  and  breaking  through. 


Spassky  Copper  Mine 


London  Correspondence 


The  annual  report  of  the  Spassky  cop- 
per mine,  for  the  year  ended  Sept.  30, 
1909,  has  just  been  issued.  The  inter- 
esting feature  of  this  company's  oper- 
ation is  the  long  overland  haul,  550  miles 
from  the  mine  in  Southern  Siberia  to  the 
nearest  point  on  the  trans-Siberian  rail- 
way. Much  pluck  and  energy  are  re- 
quired to  start  a  copper  mine  so  far  from 
rail.  Camels  are  used  to  haul  stores  dur- 
ing the  winter  when  the  cold  is  severe, 
horses  and  oxen  in  summer.  Fortunate- 
ly the  country  is  nearly  flat,  and  stores 
are  imported  and  copper  exported  to  rail 
for  £3  per  ton,  remarkably  cheap  for  so 
long  a  haul.  Stores  cannot  be  moved 
in  the  spring  when  the  snow  is  melting 
nor  in  the  autumn. 

During  the  year  under  review,  1641 
tons  of  copper  were  smelted,  realizing 
an  average  of  £77  I2s.  per  ton  (16.6c. 
per  lb.),  after  payment  of  all  freight 
charges,  marketing  costs,  etc.  The  high 
price  obtained  is  owing  to  the  Russian 
government  bonus  of  2?i  per  cent,  on  all 
copper  produced  in  the  empire. 

Lowest  Cost  8.8  Cents  per  Pound 

The  lowest  cost  at  Spassky  during 
1909  was  reached  in  August,  when  cop- 
per was  produced  for  £41  3s.  4d.  per  ton 
(8.8c.  per  lb.).  Since  that  time  a  much 
lower  figure  has  been  reached,  and  it 
is  anticipated  that  the  cost  of  copper  will 
be  under  £30  per  ton  (6.4c.  per  lb.)  in 
future.  There  were  smelted  10,794  tons 
of  sulphide  ore,  averaging  16.6  per  cent. 
Cu.  Supposing  that  there  was  no  cop- 
per in  the  fluxes  used,  the  recovery  works 
out  at  88  per  cent.  The  percentage  of 
copper  ore  in  the  charge  was  increased 
from  25  to  45  per  cent. 

The  smeltery  is  situated  74  miles  from 
the  mine,  and  28  miles  from  the  com- 
pany's own  colliery,  a  private  railway, 
operated  in  summer  only,  connecting  the 
latter  with  the  smelting  plant.  An  ex- 
perimental crushing  plant  and  Elmore 
concentrator,  for  the  treatment  of  low- 
grade  ore,  is  on  the  way  to  the  mine. 
The  main  shaft  has  been  sunk  490  ft., 
and  sufficient  high-grade  ore  is  in  sight 
to  supply  the  smeltery  for  several  years. 
A  strip  of  ore  on  the  hanging-wall  of  the 
420- ft.  level,  75  ft.  long  and  8  ft.  wide, 
has  been  proved  to  contain  over  40  per 
per  cent.  Cu. 

The  net  profit  earned  for  the  year  was 
£28,839,  and  a  flourishing  future  for  this 
company  seems  to  be  assured. 


The  drilliig  contest  held  recently  at  the 
Ozark  Interstate  Exposition,  Joplin,  Mo., 
was  won  by  Scott  and  Clifford  of  Galena, 
Kas.,  who  drilled  31  13/16  in.  in  Carthage 
limestone,  us'ng  a  6'/. -lb.  hammer. 


848 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as' 
L arge  Mines.      Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Unwatering  Shaft    by  Compressed 
Air 


By  Louis  Boudoire* 


A  simple  air  lift  can  be  quickly  set  up 
to  unwater  mine  shafts.  The  accompany- 
ing sketch  shows  the  arrangement  of  the 
piping.  In  the  mine  where  it  was  used 
40-mm.  and  90-mm.  pipes  were  at  hand 
and,  as  the  necessity  of  unwatering  a 
certain  shaft  on  the  property  was  urgent, 
no  time  was  spent  in  an  effort  to  improve 
the  efficiency  of  the  appliance  by  tapering 
the  ends  of  the  pipes.     Air  was  delivered 


'Water  and  Air 


Compressed 
Air 


90  mm. 


The  Rnitincering  J 
Mininj/  Journal 


Air  Lift  for  Unwatering  Shaft 

at  an  effective  pressure  of  65  lb.  per 
sq.in.;  the  vertical  length  of  the  90-mm. 
water  pipe  was  40  m.,  and  its  horizontal 
length  300  m.  The  results  were  as  fol- 
lows: With  a  submergence  of  30  to  35 
m.  and  a  lift  varying  up  to  5  m.  the  out- 
put was  over  200  liters  per  min.;  with 
a  submergence  of  14m.  and  lift  of  21  m. 
the  output  was  50  liters,  and  with  a  sub- 
mergence of  1 1  m.  and  a  lift  of  24  m.,  it 
was  only  30  liters.  The  output  decreases, 
therefore,  as  the  hight  which  the  water 
must  be  lifted  increases. 

•Mining  engineer,   I'as  de   Calls.   France. 


Although  the  efficiency  of  the  system 
is  not  high,  it  presents  valuable  advan- 
tages for  emergency  use,  as  it  can  be 
quickly  installed,  does  not  require  any 
attention,  oiling  nor,  as  does  a  pump, 
adjustment  for  every  7-  to  8-m.  variation 
of  the  head  under  which  it  is  operating. 

In  the  case  of  a  deep  shaft  this  appli- 
ance might  be  used  to  assist  the  sinking 
pump  which  would  then  require  to  be 
lowered  only  for  every  25-  or  30-m.  re- 
duction of  the  water  level. 


Counterbalanced   Timber  Cage 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
type  of  timber  cage  that  has  been  in  use 
in  the  Lincoln  mine,  Virginia,  Minn.,  for 
a  number  of  years.  The  cage  has  a 
platform,  4x10  ft.,  giving  ample  room 
fcr  a  car  of  timber  without  rehandling. 
It  is  used  to  a  depth  of  200  ft.  The 
counterweight  is  heavy  enough  to  lift 
the  cage  with  an  empty  car  upon  it. 
When  the  loaded  car  is  run  on,  the  cage 
is  then  heavier  than  the  counterweight, 


/^y//i;,/j)j^J^J/J),J>'  ■  ■,)J^///,>, 


w 


f 


TU  fifiyirweri'H;  J  .Vi'uriK  Journal 


Counterbalanced  Timber  Cage   Used  in  Minnesota  Iron  Mines 


The  greatest  amount  of  ore  ever 
shipped  from  one  mine  on  the  Mesabi 
iron  range  in  Minnesota  in  a  single  year 
stands  to  the  credit  to  the  Steel  Corpora- 
tion's Hull-Rust  property.  The  amount  is 
substantially  more  than  3,000,000  gross 
tons.  The  number  of  shipping  days  for 
the  Hull-Rust  this  season  is  160.  To  pro- 
duce and  forward  3,000,000  tons  in  that 
time  means  an  average  daily  movement 
of  18,750  tons,  or  375  carloads. 


and  its  descent  is  controlled  by  means 
of  a  brake  wheel  which  operates  the 
brake  band  on  the  large  pulley.  The 
cable  makes  one  turn  around  the  pulley 
which  gives  ample  friction.  The  large 
pulley  is  4  ft.  in  diameter,  has  a  fric- 
tion face  upon  which  which  the  3/16x4 
in.  friction  band  operates.  The  small 
pulley  is  24  in.  in  diameter. 

A  similar  device  is  used  at  the  Adams 
and  Spruce  mines.  Here  only  one  pulley 


October  29,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


849 


is  employed.  The  cable  makes  H^  turns, 
and  the  brake  is  operated  by  a  lever 
on  the  landing  platform.  The  chains  on 
the  brake-rod  connections  are  dispensed 
with,  so  that  the  release  action  of  the 
brake  is  dependent  upon  the  lever  in- 
stead of  the  counterweight  W.  This 
I  has  been  used  successfully  for  10  years. 
This  arrangement  is  a  great  labor- 
saving  device,  is  simple  in  operation  and 
dispenses  with  the  use  of  a  small  hoist- 
ing engine.  Should  it  be  necessary  to 
hoist  any  heavy  car  or  piece  of  machin- 
ery, a  cable  is  attached  to  the  counter- 
weight, passed  through  a  pulley  at  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  and  fastened  to  a 
motor  or  perhaps  a  small  winding  en- 
gine or  winch.  However,  the  utility  of 
this  piece  of  machinery  is  in  lowering 
timbers  and  not  in  hoisting. 


Splicing  Tramway  Cables 


Traction  cables  on  tramways  from  time 
to  time  require  splicing.  The  results 
of  an  unsatisfactory  job  are  flat  places 
and  bulges  in  the  cable  at  the  points  of 
tucking,  due  to  the  fact  that  in  reducing 
the  diameter  of  the  cable  at  the  points 
of  tucking,  reliance  is  placed  entirely 
upon  hammering  the  cable  back  into 
shape.  Irregularities  in  the  diameter  of 
the  traction  cable  are  especially  undesir- 
able on  a  tramway  operating  over  a  rough 
country,  where  the  grips  on  the  buckets 
must  secure  a  tight  hold  on  the  traction 
cable  in  order  to  keep  the  buckets  from 
getting  away  on  the  steep  grades. 

In  order  to  obviate  this  difficulty,  Joseph 
Ruttle,  tramway  foreman  at  the  Highland 
Boy  mine,  Bingham,  Utah,  has  made  an 
ingenious  use  of  discarded  Weber  grips 
to  compress  the  cable  at  the  points  of 
tucking.  To  adapt  the  grip  to  this  use  he 
removes  the  bell  cover  piece  and 
replaces  the  grip  lever  by  one 
18  in.  long  so  as  to  permit  of  a  greater 
compression  on  the  cable. 

A  grip  is  put  on  the  cable  just  beyond 
the  place  where  a  tuck  is  to  be  made, 
so  that  it  also  serves  to  hold  the  cable 
together  while  the  splicing  is  being  done. 
Then,  when  the  following  strand  has  been 
cut  off  and  worked  into  the  heart  of  the 
cable  at  the  point  where  the  lead 
strand  has  been  cut  off,  the  grip 
is  moved  down  along  the  cable  to 
the  point  of  tucking,  and  the  cable 
is  compressed  again  to  its  original 
diameter;  jaws  of  the  Weber  grip  are 
turned  to  the  diameter  of  the  cable  on 
which  the  grip  is  to  be  used.  This  meth- 
od of  reducing  the  diameter  of  the  cable 
at  points  of  tucking  has  proved  quite 
satisfactory. 


Brake  for  Timber  Slide 


Often  on  account  of  the  topography  of 
the  country  around  the  mine,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  slide  timber  down  a  steep  slope 
into  the  timber  yard,  as  is  the  case  at  the 
Utah  Apex  mine,  at  Bingham,  Utah. 
Round  timbers  or  short  squared  timbers 
can  be  sent  down  quite  a  steep  slope 
without  injury,  but  long  squared  timbers 
are  apt  to  be  injured  when  they  strike 
the  bottom  in  case  the  grade  is  steep.  On 
that  account  a  brake  has  been  put  in  the 
timber  slide  at  the  Utah  Apex,  as  is 
shown  in  the  accompanying  halftone  en- 
graving. After  passing  through  this 
brake  many  of  the  timbers  have  barely 
enough  momentum  to  carry  them  off  the 
12  ft.  of  level  chute  at  the  bottom. 


Vitreous  selenium  can  be  drawn  out 
into  sheets  thin  enough  to  be  transparent, 
in  which  case  it  transmits  a  beautiful 
crimson  light. 


Ti.MBER   Brake   and  Slide,   Utah   Apex 
Mine,  Bingham,  Utah 

The  brake  is  made  by  nailing  the  upper 
ends  of  two  12-ft.  planks  to  the  sides  of 
the  timber  slides,  leaving  their  lower  ends 
free.  Back  of  one  of  the  planks  a  block 
of  wood  is  nailed  so  as  to  make  a  spring 
board  out  of  that  plank.  This  block  is 
placed  about  four  feet  from  the  upper 
end.  The  plank  on  that  side  is  given 
less  of  an  angle  than  the  other  one,  for 
it  is  desired  to  place  more  of  the  strain 
on  the  plank  forming  the  jaw  that  has 
the  variable  resistance.  Nevertheless  it 
is  necessary  to  have  two  jaws  to  the 
brake  or  there  is  more  danger  of  injury 
to  both  the  slide  and  the  limbers.    When 


the  strain  is  thrown  suddenly  upon  one 
corner  of  an  especially  straight-grained 
piece  of  squared  timber,  it  is  liable  to 
cause  it  to  split.  The  split  pieces  then  act 
in  an  erratic  manner  and  damage  the 
slide. 

A  spring  is  fastened  to  the  back  of  one 
ofthe jawblankssothat  it  offers  a  variabe 
resistance  to  spreading.  Whenever  it  is 
found  that  timbers  are  coming  through  the 
brake  at  too  great  a  speed,  greater  com- 
pression is  put  on  the  spring.  In  this  way 
the  brakes  are  adapted  to  work  under 
the  widely  varying  conditions  that  are 
liable  to  prevail  on  the  slide,  due  mainly 
to  changes  in  weather  conditions,  and 
the  size  of  timbers  being  handled.  This 
timber  brake  has  worked  well  upon  the 
slide  at  the  Utah-Apex,  which  is  about 
100  ft.  long  and  placed  on  a  slope  of 
approximately  30  deg.  It  has,  however, 
yet  to  stand  the  test  of  frosty  weather. 


Diamond  Drilling 

The  Mines  Department  of  New  South 
Wales,  recently  declined  a  request  to 
have  the  mineral  resources  of  the  Clar- 
ence district  in  that  State  tested  by  a  dia- 
mond drill,  on  ''account  of  the  uncertain- 
ty of  the  drill  intersecting  a  reef  or  lode, 
although  it  may  be  in  close  proximity 
to  it."  A  contributor  to  the  Australian 
Mining  Standard  remonstrates,  stating 
that  diamond  drilling  has  often  been  con- 
demned because  of  failures  to  discover  ex- 
pected orebodies  or  lodes,  while  these 
failures  have  been  entirely  due  to  errors 
of  judgment  of  choosing  bore  sites  and 
laying  out  the  direction  and  angles  of  the 
bores. 

In  diamond  drilling,  as  in  everything 
else,  there  is  a  right  and  wrong  way 
of  doing  things.  It  is  not  claimed  that 
the  diamond  drill  can  be  used  advanta- 
geously in  every  mine  and  under  every 
condition,  but  instances  to  the  contrary 
are  the  exception.  Modern  diamond 
drills  are  capable  of  boring  at  any  angle 
above  or  below  the  horizontal,  as  well  as 
vertically;  hence  it  is  not  a  difficult  mat- 
ter to  lay  out  bore  holes  so  as  to  inter- 
sect the  reefs  or  ore  channels  from  wall 
to  wall.  Bores  should  never  be  com- 
menced in  an  orebody  with  a  view  to 
following  the  same  down,  because  the 
core  values  thus  obtained  cannot  be  av- 
eraged as  they  may  represent  only  one 
lamination.  Cores  across  the  lode  from 
wall  to  wall  are  reliable,  but  are  neces- 
sarily local.  However,  the  speed  and  low 
comparative  cost  of  drilling  admits  of 
several  holes  being  drilled  to  overcome 
this  difficulty. 

It  is  often  argued  that  a  bore  hole 
might  just  miss  the  lode.  The  same  ar- 
gument might  be  applied  to  a  shaft,  level 
or  crosscut.  Instances  are  well  known 
where  the  drill  has  not  been  requisi- 
tioned until  the  whole  available  capital 
has  been  expended  on  unsuccessful  sink- 


850 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MIXING   JOURNAL 


Octob.r  29,  1910. 


ing,  driving  and  crosscutting,  all  of  which 
have  missed  the  lode  which  the  drill  has 
subsequently  located. 

In  many  mines  diamond  drills  have 
been  the  means  of  saving  heavy  expendi- 
ture that  would  otherwise  have  been  in- 
curred had  ordinary  mining  methods  been 
used  instead  of  the  drill.  It  is  often  most 
important  to  know  where  not  to  sink  and 
where  not  to  crosscut.  Where  time  is 
of  importance,  the  drill  may  be  used  to 
advantage,  as  it  gives  an  average  weekly 
core  of  from  80  to  150  ft.,  while  the  ratio 
of  cost  is  from  4:1  to  10:  1,  in  favor 
of  the  drill,  according  to  the  density  of 
the  rocks  intersected. 


Details  of  Churn  Drill   Operations 
at  Silverbell,   Arizona 

By  M.^^RTiN  Butler  Gentry* 


Oiling  Locomotive  Wheel  Flanges 

The  oiling  of  locomotive-wheel  flanges 
is  found  necessary  in  a  number  of  the 
openpit  mines  on  tlje  Mesabi  range. 
Many  of  the  tracks  have  sharp  curves 
and  steep  grades.  The  excessive  friction 
on  the  flanges  causes  the  wheels  to  climb 
on  the  rail,  and  thus  jump  the  track. 
This  friction  also  consumes  a  large 
amount  of  power. 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  de- 
vice for  oiling  the  flanges,  and  at  the 
same  time  leaving  the  face  of  the  wheel 
free  from  oil.  It  consists  of  a  block  of 
wood,  3x4x14  in.,  with  one  side  cut  to  the 
same  curvature  as  the  wheel.  A  pocket  is 
cut  in  the  other  side  in  which  waste  is 
packed.     The  oil-saturated  waste  comes 


Side  Elevation 

'  TM  Enijin<«ring  ^  Mininif  Jour 

Device  for  Oiling  Wheel  Flanges 

in  contact  with  the  flange  only.  The 
block  simply  rests  on  top  of  the  wheel, 
and  is  held  in  place  at  each  end  by  a  wire 
A,  attached  to  the  engine  at  a  con- 
venient place.  Some  of  the  engines  sim- 
ply have  a  piece  of  2-in.  hose,  6  in.  long 
with  waste  protruding  from  the  lower  end. 
This  is  held  in  place  by  a  stiff  wire. 
Others  merely  use  a  piece  of  oiled  waste 
with  a  wire  wrapped  around  it  to  keep 
it   on  the   flange. 

In  some  cases  water  is  applied  to  the 
drivers,  direct  from  the  boilers,  by  small 
pipes  with  the  lower  end  near  the  track. 
This  would  seem  to  be  open  to  the  ob- 
jection that  it  would  make  the  rail  more 
or  less  slippery.  It  does  have  the  ad- 
vantage that  sand  will  adhere  better  to 
the  rail. 


Records  for  the  year  ended  May  31, 
1910,  show  that  in  the  240-stamp  mill 
of  the  Alaska-Treadwell  company  one 
pound  of  chrome  steel  in  shoes  crushed 
3.08  tons  of  ore,  and  in  the  300-stamp 
mill,  2.85  tons.  In  the  240-stamp  mill 
one  pound  of  iron  and  steel  in  dies 
crushed  4.77  tons  of  ore  and  in  the  300- 
Stamp  mil!  one  pound  of  iron,  4.86  tons. 


There  has  been  so  little  written  in  the 
engineering  magazines  upon  the  new  and 
interesting  adaptation  of  churn  drills  to 
prospecting  for  low-grade  copper  ores 
tliat  I  have  ventured  to  arrange  informa- 
tion concerning  that  work,  as  gained  in 
the  experience  of  the  Imperial  Copper 
Company,  operating  at  Silverbell,  Ariz. 
Drilling  has  been  carried  on  continuously 
since  September,  1909,  operating  one  Star 
No.  23  traction  drill  until  February,  1910, 
and  then  adding  two  more  of  the  same 
make  and  style. 

Nature  of  Country  Drilled 

The  general  topography  is  fairly  rough, 
as  may  be  seen  from  the  accompanying 
view  showing  one  of  the  hills  which  have 
been  drilled  and  the  necessary  roads.  The 
altitude  of  the  company  store  is  2864  ft., 
with  the  hills  rising  from  200  to  400  ft. 
above  the  bottom  of  the  canons.  Gen- 
erally one  to  two  feet  of  soil  remains  on 
the  hillsides,  although  occasionally  a 
v.hole  slope  will  have  six  to  eight  feet  of 
soil,  thereby  reducing  the  cost  of  road 
making  appreciably.  In  general  terms, 
the  important  rock  formations  found  in 
the  camp  are  a  rhyolite  porphyry,  lime- 
stone  and   coarse-grained   granite. 

The  mines  operated  by  the  company  are 
working  on  irregular  orebodies  found  at 
the  various  limestone  and  rhyolite-por- 
phyry  contracts.  The  churn  drills  have 
drilled  in  the  rhyolite  porphyry  and  at 
present  are  drilling  the  coarse-grained 
granite.  The  coarse-grained  granite  con- 
tains a  p-redominance  of  quartz  with  both 
orthoclase  and  plagioclase  feldspars.  Lit- 
tle else  is  discernible  to  the  eye,  although 
the  biotite  and  sericite  may  occasionally 
be  seen.  The  rock  has  been  much  broken, 
kaolinized,  and  mineralized  in  certain 
zones. 

The  Traction  Drills  Negotiate  28  per 
Cent.  Grade 

No  attempt  will  be  made  to  describe 
the  drilling  operations,  as  they  are  identi- 
cal with  those  in  oil-  or  water-well  drill- 
ing. There  are,  however,  some  new  feat- 
ures encountered  which  bear  mentioning. 
In  order  to  reach  the  points  at  which  holes 
are  desired  roads  must  be  built.  The 
gage  of  the  rear  traction  wheels"  on  the 
Star  No.  23  is  8  ft.  6  in.  On  the  steep 
hillsides  it  has  been  found  advisable  to 
make  the  roads  at  least  nine  feet  in  the 
solid,  relying  on  the  fill  only  in  case  the 
machine  skidded  or  slipped  to  one  side. 
Good  wide  roads  repay  their  expense  in 
saving  time  and  delays  while  moving. 
The  drills  used  seem  capable  of  almost  in- 
credible grades  on  good  roads,  as  high  as 

•Silv(Ml>oII,    Ariz. 


28  per  cent,  grade  being  traversed  for 
distances  of  over  200  ft.  In  climbing  the 
side  of  a  mountain,  switchbacks  are 
sometimes  necessary.  The  drills  are  not 
capable  of  so  great  grades  in  backing, 
mainly  because  most  of  the  weight  is 
thrown  on  the  front  wheels,  thereby  de- 
creasing the  traction. 

Eastern  Drill  Men  Preferred 

Two  crews,  each  consisting  of  a  driller, 
helper,  and  sampler  and  working  12-hour 
shifts  are  employed.  Both  crews  are 
used  during  moving  and  setting-up  oper- 
ations. Wherever  a  fairly  level,  good  road 

TABLE  I.     SUMMARY  OF  DRILLING 
RECORDS. 

Number  of  lioles  drilled 62 

T.ital    feet   drilled 14.2136 

Total    drill    da.vs iiTO 

.Xverage  dej)tli   of  holes,   feet 1^29.9 

Average  footaire  per  drill  per  day. .  .         24.61 

Niimber   of  drill    months 19.3 

Average  footage  per  drill  per  month      738 
Average  footage  per  foot  of  cable...  1.S2 

Averaire  footage  per  ton  of  coal....  22.97 
Average  tonnage  of  coal  per  da.y....  1.07 

(iallons  of  water  used  per  day 2,200 

Hours  consumed   in   moving    (7.6  per 

cent.)     1.038 

Hours  consumed  in  drilling  (65.2  per 

cent.)    9,071 

Hours  consumed  in  repairs   (8.2  per 

cent.)     1,147 

Hours   consumed  in   fishing   >2.9  per 

cent.)    393 

Hours   consumed    in    casing    (1.4   per 

cent.i     1S6 

Hours  idle    (14.7  per  cent.) 2,041 

Total    hours 13.896 

is  met  with,  the  move  is  made  with  the 
derrick  up,  saving  several  hours  time. 
Drillers  are  paid  S6  per  shift.  It  is  diffi- 
cult to  obtain  capable,  steady,  careful 
men,  reliable  at  all  times.  Experience 
with  men  from  California,  Missouri,  and 
the  Eastern  oilfields  seems  to  give  prefer- 
ence to  the  Easterners.  The  drilling-ma- 
chine companies  and  agencies  keep  in 
touch  with  drillers  and  can  often  recom- 
mend good  men.  Helpers  are  paid  S4.50 
per  shift.  It  has  been  found  best  to  allow 
a  driller  to  bring  with  him  a  helper  he 
knows  and  has  worked  with  before,  thus 
preventing  considerable  friction  and  dis- 
satisfaction. Samplers  are  paid  $3  per 
shift.  Boys  18  to  20  years  of  age  are 
thus  employed. 

Starting  the  Drill  Hole 

In  starting  the  hole  a  slotted  wooden 
extension,  fixed  permanently  to  the  beam, 
is  used  to  guide  the  stem.  Generally  the 
rock  for  the  first  few  feet  drilled  is  soft 
and  falls  into  the  hole,  so  that  a  short 
piece  of  8-inch  casing,  belled  over  at  the 
top  is  placed  in  the  hole.  However,  at 
several  places  where  the  silicification  has 
been  intense  and  several  joint  planes  in- 
tersect at  sharp  dips,  it  has  been  neces- 
sary to  drill  holes  by  hand  and  shoot  them 
before  any  progress  could  be  made.  Spud- 
ding is  continued  to  a  depth  of  100  to  130 
ft.,  depending  on  the  character  of  the 
rock.  Old  cable  is  always  used  in  spud- 
ding, as  the  wear  is  much  more  severe 
then  than  during  drilling.  Contrary  to 
usual  custom,  splices  are  run  into  the 
hole   during  spudding.     As    the    ground 


October  29,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


851 


stands  up  fairly  well  for  the  first  hundred 
feet,  but  little  difficulty  has  been  experi- 
enced from  this  practice. 

Crooked  Holes 

In  the  matter  of  crooked  holes  it  is  of- 
ten difficult  to  place  the  blame  under  the 
conditions  prevailing,  namely,  greatly 
fractured  and  silicified  rock  with  occa- 
sional soft  and  hard  streaks,  talcy  slips 
and  comparatively  shallow  holes.  Gen- 
erally speaking,  however,  the  driller  who 
spuds  with  a  fairly  tight  rope  will  not 
have  much  difficulty  with  crooked  holes. 
Shooting  a  crooked  hole  with  dynamite 
has  not  met  with  much  success.  Filling 
the  hole  for  a  few  feet  with  hard  bould- 
ers and  scrap  cast  iron  is  sometimes  suc- 
cessful. In  the  work  at  Silverbell,  drilling 
only  shallow  holes,  it  has  been  found  best 
not  to  waste  too  much  time  trying  to 
straighten  a  crooked  hole  but  to  put  on 
me  next  smaller  size  bit  and  continue 
drilling. 

The  sizes  of  bits  used  are  the  758, 
6;4  and  4' 4  in.  The  former  are  used  with 
stems,  4  in.  by  20  ft.,  and  the  latter  with 


slip  socket,  jars,  sinker  bar,  rope  knives, 
rope  spear  and  spuds.  Two  strings  of 
tools  have  been  abandoned  in  their  holes 
during  the  year's  work.  When  drilling  in 
ere  the  holes  are  cased  as  soon  as  it  is 
apparent  that  caving  is  not  likely  to  cease. 
The  casing  is  delivered  at  the  hole  by  the 
teamster  and  one  crew  strings  up  the 
casing. 

Annual  Repairs  on  Drilling  Machine 

Table  I  shows  that  repairs  take  up  8.2 
per  cent,  of  the  time.  This  rather  large 
per  cent,  includes  time  for  washing  boil- 
ers, replacing  flues,  splicing  cable,  and 
all  time  on  repairs  of  any  description. 
The  actual  amount  of  repairs  or  replace- 
ment on  the  drill  itself  has  not  been 
great.  Besides  small  items  such  as  bolts, 
packing,  washers,  piping,  etc.,  the  follow- 
ing list  of  repair  parts  placed  on  one 
drill  during  a  year's  operation  will  give 
a  fair  idea  of  the  amount  of  replacing 
done:  Valve  rods,  2;  wrist  pins  for  crank 
arm,  2;  wrist  pins  for  slide  arm,  2;  wrist 
pin  for  upright  arm,  1 ;  brasses  for  spud- 
ding arm,  5;  spokes  for  front  wheel,  4; 


drying  the  samples  they  are  sacked,  num- 
bered and  sent  to  the  assay  office. 

The  samples,  weighing  about  30  lb.,  are 
passed  through  a  10-mesh  screen  and 
halved  through  a  Jones  riffle  sampler.  The 
reject  is  saved  in  a  barrel  containing  all 
the  other  samples  from  one  hole.  The  re- 
ject of  each  sample  may  be  saved  and 
filed  separately.  By  selecting  these  reject 
samples  from  a  group  of  holes  at  a  cer- 
tain horizon  to  make  a  composite  sample, 
interesting  concentration  tests  may  be 
made.  The  original  is  crushed  to  pass  20 
mesh,  halved  in  riffle  sampler;  crushed 
to  pass  40  mesh;  passed  again  through 
the  sampler  and  the  reject  is  sacked, 
numbered  and  filed.  The  original  is 
quartered  and  ground  to  80  mesh.  This  is 
iialved,  one  part  going  to  the  mine  as- 
sayer  and  one  to  the  smeltery  assayer  for 
check. 

Careful  panning  of  each  sample  before 
it  is  dried,  by  a  person  familiar  with  such 
ore  deposits,  will  reveal  a  great  mass  of 
valuable  information.  The  extent  of  cap- 
pmg,  changes  in  formation,  character  of 
rock,  various  constituent  minerals,  water 


■^  •  '  i 

,i^.ry^,^M 

■f     ^ 

m 

.rm 

I'fr^ 

.•1 

ht 

|S'?r      \; 

.  ^ 

'^'*^^^^^H 

F^ 

'  *■ 

III 

14^ 

DiFFICULTiES  EiNCOUNrERhD   I.N    CHURN    DRILLING   AT   THE   IMPERIAL   COPPER    COMPANY,  SlI.VERBELL,  ArIZ. 


Stems,  3'  i  in.  by  20  ft.  All  drilling  tools  reinforcing  plate  for  sill.  I ;  Sampson  post 
have  been  purchased  from  the  Star  Drill-  brace,  1 ;  set  of  piston  rings,  1 ;  sets  of 
ing  Company  at  Chanute,  Kan.  It  has  flues,  2.  For  work  of  this  nature,  travel- 
not  been  found  necessary  to  start  any  ing  such  rough  roads,  it  would  seem  that 
hole  with  the  10-in.  bits,  although  if  it  all  of  the  draw  bolts,  tie  rods  and  braces 
should  be  desired  to  drill  deeper  holes  could  to  advantage  be  made  heavier.  Ad- 
TAHI.I-;  II.  avkkaci:  cost  i'er  koot  d'tional  repairs  on  the  other  rigs  include: 
I'Kit  ciiruN  nuii.i.iNi;  at  sit,vi;i!-  pinion  for  friction  shaft,  engine-bed 
RKi.i,.  Aitiz.  frame,  and  hub  for  rear  wheel. 

I.olinr  on  dillls .f  1.2.") 

ri'i'p''iine.'.,'...'..'.'...'..'.'.: :.•.■::::::;:  0:09  sampling  the  sludge 

I{<M)nIis    ,..; !.     0.07  „                              ,                       0,0 

Fiii'i    o.^r.  Samples  are  taken  every  five  feet  after 

RoX".'". : :::;::: :: ■.■.■.■.•.'.■.■.: :;;:;:::    o.li  a  depth  of  40  ft.  has  been  reached.    Sam- 

---—  pies  of  one   eighth   of  the   total   sludge 

Total ^'2.a2  .          ,         •      j   •              u        i        j 

Avp,n,.'o  cost  of  cai.ic  per  loot  of  hole. .  $n.iS2  are  caught  in  galvamzed-iron  tubs  placed 

AvcrnKe  cost  of  coal  per  foot  of  liole. .    n.:!(iG  beneath  the  sampling  device  and  set  aside 

the  lO-in.  or  larger  starter  would  be  ad-  until  the  drill  foreman  makes  a  panning 

visable.     The   Columbia   and    the    Tubbs  test    of   the    sludge.     After   the    ore    has 

cable   have   been  used,   the   latter  so    far  been  reached  as  determined  by  the  panning 

giving  the  best  results.  tests,  the  sampler  starts  drying  the  sam- 

As  may  be  seen   from   table   I,   fishing  pies  over  a  wood  fire,  starting  three  sam- 

has  not  been  a  serious  factor  in  the  drill-  pies  in  advance  of  the  mineralized  ones. 

ing  here.   Generally  speaking,  fishing  jobs  The  sampling  device  used  is  a  modifica- 

are  due  to  carelessness  and  lack  of  judg-  t'on  of  the  Jones  riffle  sampler,  designed 

ment   on   the    part   of  the   driller.     The  by  Knowland  at  the  Ray  Consolidated  and 

fishing  equipment  consists  of  horn  socket,  built  by  Burtis  of  Phoenix,  Ariz.     After 


courses,  contacts,  fault  zones,  dikes,  gar- 
netized  zones  may  readily  be  determined 
to  within  2'  j    feet. 

The  figures  shown  in  tables  are  reduced 
to  operations  per  drill.  Delays  of  all 
kinds  except  for  repairs  and  including 
time  idle  for  lack  of  drillers  have  been 
included  in  "Hours  Idle."  Approximately 
one-half  of  the  water  used  as  given  in 
table  I  is  used  in  the  boiler,  the  rest  be- 
ing used  in  the  hole  and  for  washing  the 
sampler.  The  road  cost  per  foot  of  hole 
as  given  in  table  II.  may  be  considered 
high  for  general  work,  due  to  rough 
ground  and  numerous  long  roads  between 
holes. 


The  production  of  the  Mansfeld  cop- 
per mines  in  Germany,  for  the  half  year 
ended  June  30,  was  9523  metric  tons  re- 
fined copper  and  57,413  kg.  silver;  in- _ 
creases  of  406  tons  copper  and  2666  kg. 
silver  over  the  first  half  of  1909.  The 
average  price  realized  for  copper  was 
1247.50  marks  per  ton — equal  to  1 3.47c. 
per  pound. 


852 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29.  1910. 


Camp  Bird,  Limited 


The  interest  in  the  Camp  Bird  mine  of 
Ouray,  Colo.,  is  chiefly  retrospective,  al- 
though during  its  last  fiscal  year  it  paid 
20  per  cent,  dividends,  or  £178,000.  Ex- 
plorations in  the  mine  seem  to  indicate 
that  no  unknown  bodies  of  profitable  ore 
exist,  and  that  little  remains  beyond  ex- 
tracting proven  orebodies,  which  amount 
to  83,900  tons.  The  1909  tonnage  was 
79,714  tons,  so  that  these  reserves  amount 
to  a  little  over  one  year's  work  at  the 
present  rate.  The  company,  however, 
has  acquired  a  new  lease  of  life  through 
the  purchase  of  control  of  the  Santa 
Gertrudis  mine  of  Pachuca,  Mexico. 

Stockholders  Have  Received   155  Per 
Cent. 

The  report  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
April  30,  1910.  shows  that  from  April  30, 
1903  to  April  30,  1910,  the  company  has 
treated  556,518  tons  of  ore  from  the 
Camp  Bird  mine,  paying  a  total  of  £1,- 
285,000  or  155  per  cent,  in  dividends  for 
the  eight  years.  The  shareholders  still 
have  a  balance  carried  forward  of  £10,- 
000  in  undistributed  profits,  ore  reserves 
of  83.900  tons  estimated  to  produce  a 
profit  of  £284,220.  and  90  per  cent,  of  the 
Santa  Gertrudis  company.  Camp  Bird 
also  owns  574,830  shares  out  of  3,000,- 
000  at  SI  each  in  the  neighboring  Imo- 
gene  Basin  Gold  Mines  Company,  but 
this  is  an  asset  of  doubtful  value,  and  is 
carried  at  only  £1000  on  the  balance 
sheet. 

Costs  and  Recovery 

From  the  ore  treated  95.50  per  cent,  of 
the  gold  was  recovered,  or  S33.18  per 
ton.  Of  the  total  yearly  income  (£544,- 
032),  77.91  per  cent,  came  from  direct 
bullion  recovery,  21.63  per  cent,  from 
concentrates,  the  remainder  frotn  various 
other   sources. 

The  total  expenses  per  ton  of  ore 
treated  were  S9.41  per  ton,  of  which 
S3.56  was  mining  expense;  $0.18,  tram- 
way; strmp  milling,  $1.15;  cyanidation  of 
a  portion  of  the  stamp-mill  tailings  cost 
,'^0.61  per  ton  of  ore  treated  at  the  stamp 
mill,  or  $0.93  per  ton  cyanided ;  shipping 
and  selling  expenses,  $1.73  per  ton; 
eeneral  expenses,  $1.64;  depreciation 
$0.49;  expenses  on  unpatented  claims 
$0.05. 

Of  the  mining  costs  $0.79  was  for 
loading  and  tramming;  $0.69  for  block- 
ing out  ore";  $0,525  for  ore  breaking;  and 
.$0,425  for  timbering.  Of  the  shipping 
and  selling  expense  no  less  than  $1.54 
was  for  freight  and  treatment  on  con- 
centrates. 

T.   F.  Walsh — Santa  Gertrudis 

The  company's  agreement  with  the  late 
Thomas  F.  Walsh  provided  for  payment 
to  him  of  25  per  cent,  of  the  net  revenue, 
until  he  should  have  received  $2,000,000. 


The  final  payment  of  this  sum  was  made 
in  March,  1910. 

Developments  in  the  Santa  Gertrudis 
indicate  orebodies  of  greater  size  and 
value  than  were  estimated  to  exist  at  the 
time  of  purchase  of  this  property,  so 
that  the  acquisition  should  prove  most 
profitable. 


The  Rio  Tinto  Company 


According  to  its  usual  custom,  the  Rio 
Tinto  Company,  Ltd..  has  issued  an  in- 
terim report  summing  up  conditions  for 
the  first  half  of  the  fiscal  year.  It  is  ac- 
companied by  the  declaration  of  the  usual 
half-yearly  dividend  of  2s.  6d.— 2|-:.  per 
cent. — on  the  preferred  stock,  and  a  divi- 
dend of  25s.,  or  25  per  cent.,  on  the  com- 
mon stock.     The  report  says: 

"The  removal  of  overburden  has  again 
been  somewhat  increased,  in  order  to  de- 
velop ore  to  be  mined  in  future  years. 
The  consumption  of  copper  pyrites  is 
likely  to  total  in  1910  about  the  same  as 
deliveries  in  1909.  Sulphur-ore  deliveries, 
on  the  other  hand,  will  rather  exceed  in 
quantity  those  of  the  previous  year.  The 
increased  reservoir  capacity,  secured  two 
years  ago,  has  enabled  us  to  supply  the 
water  necessary  for  the  company's  op- 
erations during  the  past  dry  summer,  and 
the  present  reserves  of  water,  while  not 
superabundant,  will,  it  is  believed,  be 
sufficient  to  last  until  they  are  again  re- 
plenished. The  company's  commitments 
with  regard  to  future  deliveries  of  sul- 
phur ore  have  required  that  a  larger 
quantity  of  ore  be  mined  this  year  than 
last.  The  ore  thus  mined  is  being  selected 
of  a  lower  average  copper  content.  This 
is  being  done  partly  with  the  object  of 
reducing  the  quantity  of  fine  copper  to 
be  marketed. 

"Your  directors  have,  after  very  care- 
ful consideration,  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  the  remedy  for  the  persistently  low 
range  of  prices  for  copper  must  be  found 
in  a  reduction  of  the  world's  stocks,  and 
are  convinced  that  it  will  be  to  the  share- 
holders' benefit  in  the  long  run  that  this 
company  should  somewhat  reduce  its  out- 
put of  fine  copper,  and  we  estimate  that 
before  the  end  of  the  year  the  company's 
reduction  of  output  as  against  last  year's 
quantity  will  exceed  2000  tons.  The  com- 
pany being  the  largest  European  pro- 
ducer, this  reduction  on  our  part  has  met 
with  practical  appreciation  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Atlantic,  and  we  have  every 
reason  to  believe  that  as  the  months  go 
on  a  considerable  diminution  will  be  seen 
in  the  world's  stocks. 

"Consumption  of  copper  is  good  every- 
where, and  even  in  the  first  half  of  the 
year  there  was  no  material  increase  in 
the  stocks,  but  the  figures  were  large 
enough  to  have  had  an  exceedingly  de- 
pressing effect  on  prices,  and  our  earn- 
ings and  dividends  for  the  current  year 
must  consequently  be  lower." 


American  Institute  of   Mmmg 
ELngmeers 

Arrangements  have  been  completed 
for  some  time  for  the  trip  of  the  Insti- 
tute to  Panama,  to  which  reference  has 
heretofore  been  made.  The  party  sailed 
from  New  York,  Oct.  21,  on  the  steam- 
ship "Prinz  August  Wilhelm."  A  num- 
ber of  members  joined  in  the  excursion, 
many  of  them  accompanied  by  their 
wives  and  members  of  their  families. 
Among  them  were  Dr.  R.  W.  Raymond, 
secretary;  Dr.  Henry  S.  Drinker,  presi- 
dent of  Lehigh  University;  William  A. 
Lathrop,  president  of  the  Lehigh  Coal 
and  Navigation  Company;  E.  W.  Parker, 
of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey;  S.  D.  , 
Warriner,  David  Williams,  Gardner  F. 
Williams,  H.  C.  Perkins,  Charles  Kirch- 
hof,  W.  L.  Saunders,  William  Kelley,  and 
Hennen  Jennings. 

Several  meetings  will  be  held  on  the 
steamer  for  the  reading  and  discussion 
of  papers.  Special  arrangements  have 
been  made  by  the  Isthmian  Canal  Com- 
mission for  the  reception  of  the  visitors. 
The  visiting  engineers  will  inspect  the 
canal  from  Cristobal  to  Panama.  A  stop 
of  nine  days  will  be  made  on  the  Isth- 
mus. The  itinerary  includes  trips  by  spe- 
cial train  to  Gatun  dam,  the  Culebra  cut, 
the  locks  and  dam  at  San  Miguel  and 
Miraflores.  Two  days  will  be  spent  in 
Havana  and  three  days  at  Kingston, 
Jamaica.  The  trip  will  take  about  25 
days  in  all. 


Location  of  Western  Phosphate 
Lands 


Salt  Lake  Correspondence 


The  question  as  to  whether  phosphate 
lands  in  Utah,  Idaho  and  Wyoming 
should  be  located  as  lode  or  placer 
claims  has  been  decided  by  the  General 
Land  Office  at  Washington  in  the  case 
of  the  Union  Phosphate  Company  vs. 
M.  S.  Duffleld  ct  al.  in  favor  of  the 
defendant.  Mr.  Duffleld  and  associates 
of  Salt  Lake  City  attempted  to  patent 
the  Harry  lode  claim  covering  phosphate 
ground,  by  virtue  of  their  lode  location. 
The  Union  Phosphate  Company  entered 
a  protest  against  the  issuance  of  such 
patent,  claiming  the  ground  under  placer 
rights. 

The  land  in  dispute,  which  is  partly 
covered  by  the  Harry  claim,  was  first 
taken  up  under  lode  location,  and  later 
abandoned  for  placer  locations  on  ac- 
count of  its  being  cheaper  to  patent 
under  this  head.  Afterward  it  was 
again  located  as  lode  claims.  Owing  to 
the  precedent  established  from  the  first 
phosphate  locations  in  Florida,  it  has 
been  taken  for  granted  that  phosphate 
land  in  Utah,  Idaho  and  Wyoming  should 


October  29,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


853 


be  located  as  placer  claims.  The  phos- 
phate deposits  are  interbedded  in  a 
series  of  stratified  rocks  and  are  of  sed- 
imentary origin,  though  much  tilted  from 
their  original  position.  The  dip  ranges 
from  15  deg.  to  vertical,  and  averages 
60  to  70  deg.  on  the  ground  in  question. 

Lode   Location   Held   Valid 

The  decision  is  dated  Sept.  24,  1910, 
and  states  that  the  phosphate  in  the 
claim  under  consideration  is  of  lode 
formation,  lying  between  limestone  rock 
in  place,  and  properly  subject  to  lode 
location  and  patent  under  the  lode  min- 
ing laws.  The  placer  location  of  160 
acres  could  be  patented  with  the  ex- 
penditure of  approximately  $900,  where- 
as it  would  cost  from  $5200  to  S5500, 
including  survey,  to  patent  the  same 
ground  under  lode  location.  Unless  an 
appeal  is  taken  in  this  case,  the  decision 
is  likely  to  stand  until  special  legislation 
is  passed  defining  the  position  of  the 
Western  phosphate  deposits. 


California  Oil  Prices 


San   Francisco  Correspondence 


The  present  price  of  fuel  oil  at  points 
around  San  Francisco  bay  is  60c.  per  bbl., 
which  is  considered  by  oil  men  as  too 
low,  when  compared  with  the  price  of 
coal.  The  prevailing  price  at  the  wells 
is  30c.  per  bbl.  It  is  not  expected  that 
this  will  be  increased  for  some  time  to 
come  and  this  is  encouraging  manufac- 
turers to  make  long-time  contracts.  There 
it  a  large  surplus  yet  to  be  worked  off 
and  consumers  do  not  seem  to  increase 
in  number  fast  enough  to  take  up  the 
daily  yield  of  the  wells.  The  recent 
agreement  between  the  Associated  Oil 
Company  and  the  California  Independent 
Oil  Producing  Agency  is  expected  to  pre- 
vent violent  fluctuations  in  the  oil  mar- 
ket. It  is  thought  it  will  also  stimulate 
manufacturers  to  use  oil  instead  of  coal 
aad  induce  cons-umers  to  make  long-time 
contracts. 


Palau  Explosion  EXie  to  Blown- 
out  Shot 


Special  Correspondence 


The  latest  news  from  the  Palau  mine, 
near  Las  Isperanzas,  Coahuila,  where  a 
disastrous  explosion  occurred,  indicates 
that  the  fatalities  will  number  76.  Of 
these,  59  bodies  have  been  taken  out  of 
the  mine.  The  cause  of  the  explosion  is 
,  now  believed  to  have  been  the  use  of 
'  forbidden  explosives  by  miners  working 
on  the  fifth  level.  It  appears  that  the 
dynamite  regularly  used,  and  with  which 
the  men  were  familiar,  ran  short  in  sup- 
ply, and  some  one  of  the  men  now  dead,  a 


shift  boss,  ordered  the  use  of  a  powder 
with  which  the  men  were  not  familiar. 
Evidently  this  shot  went  off  before  the 
men  could  get  out  of  the  level,  and  ignited 
coal  dust  in  the  face  of  the  drift.  Every 
level  was  wrecked,  from  the  fifth  to  the 
mouth,  showing  that  the  explosion  must 
have  been  one  of  terrible  force.  The  re- 
covery of  five  men  alive  is  considered  one 
of  the  miracles  of  the  accident,  and  is 
being  widely  commented  on  by  the  more 
superstitious  of  the  natives. 


A  New  Pattisonizing  Process 


A  possible  revival  and  extension  of  the 
Pattison  process  is  indicated  in  the  late 
patent  of  George  P.  Hulst,  of  Omaha 
(U.  S.  Pat.  965,464,  July  26,  1910). 

The  process  consists  in  simultaneously 
agitating  and  pattisonizing,  and  pressing 
the  crystals  obtained,  thus   freeing  them 

® 


The    Hulst    Pattisonizing    Kettle 

from  the'  uncrystallized  lead,  and  obtain- 
ing a  better  separation  at  each  stage  of 
the  process. 

The  apparatus  is  a  jacketed  spout- 
kettle,  usually  with  means  for  introducing 
a  steam-  or  air-jet  underneath  the  molten 
lead.  This  agitation  hastens  the  cooling, 
hut  does  not  interfere  with  the  segrega- 
tion of  impurities.  After  any  desired  por- 
tion is  crystallized,  the  press  is  set  down 
on  and  bolted  to  the  kettle,  the  kettle 
walls  forming  the  press  cylinder.  The 
liquid  lead  is  then  expressed  and  runs 
into  a  ladle,  and  is  transferred  to  the  next 
higher  kettle.  The  crystals  are  then  re- 
melted  and  the  molten  product  tapped  into 
the  next  kettle  below. 

Great  Saving  in  Plant 

There  are  six  kettles  in  cascade,  and  it 
is  claimed  that  these  six  kettles  will  do 
the  same  work  that  12  did  in  the  old- 
style   Pattison  plant,  with  corresponding 


saving  in  time  and  in  lead  tied  up  in  the 
process. 

Other  means  of  agitating  the  lead  than 
steam  or  air  are  also  covered  in  the 
claims,  but  not  specified. 

An  illustration  is  given  of  the  kettle 
with  the  press  attached.  As  will  be  noted 
the  kettle  is  oil-fired,  by  a  burner  A, 
steam  or  compressed  air  is  admitted  at  B, 
and  steam  or  air  to  operate  the  press 
through  pipes  C. 


Philadelphia    &   Reading  Coal 
and  Iron  Company 

This  company  owns  extensive  tracts  of 
land  and  a  number  of  collieries  in  the 
anthracite  regions  of  Pennsylvania.  Its 
report  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1910, 
shows  $8,000,000  capital  stock,  all  owned 
by  the  Reading  Company;  $1,170,000  col- 
lateral bonds;  and  $75,395,786  due  Read- 
ing Company  for  advances.  The  assets 
include  $51,206,762  value  of  coal  and 
timber  lands;  $12,959,294  improvements 
and  equipment  at  collieries;  $4,309,207 
real  estate,  coal  deposits,  docks,  etc.; 
$9,563,915  securities  of  controlled  com- 
panies. 

The  anthracite  statement  for  the  year 
is  as   follows,  in   long  tons: 

H)(i8-9.      1909.10.     Changes. 

Coal  mined 9,283,961    8,842,695    D.  4-H.:iC.f. 

Coall.ought 95.9,620        786,790    D.  168,824 

Total 10,239,581    9,629,391    D.  610,190 

Coalsr.lil 10,076,210    9.664,216    D.  511.994 

Added  to  stiiik 163,371  65,175    D.    98,190 

The  total  production  of  anthracite  by 
the  company  and  its  tenants  from  land 
owned  and  controlled  was  10,773,306  tons 
in  1908-9,  and  10„339,031  in  1909-10;  a 
decrease  of  434,275  tons.  The  cost  of 
coal  mined  and  bought  was  7.2c.  per  ton 
higher  than  in  the  previous  year;  the 
price  received  was  6c.  per  ton  greater, 
making  a  decrease  of  1.2c.  per  ton  in  the 
net  return. 

The  earnings  and  expenses,  in  con- 
densed form  were  as  follows: 

Anlhiaoite  sold ^ISl.liin  r,r,'2 

Ril\iniinous   coal    sold 1.0.S|1.4,S() 

Rents   and    nilscellaneons "iItItiM 

Coal   added   to   stock 421!i748 

Total ?.-S3,f)4n.(!,s,'i 

Minins;   eoal    anil    ri'|)airs .flT.IJlC.OIiO 

Anlhracilp  Iionglil i.s:;r>.ir)n 

Uituniinons  eoal   bon.i^lif 1.040.*>00 

Knynllies  nn    leased   collieries. ..  .  "iCri/Jsi 

Ti'ans|>oitatlon  of  coal S."Jl)L'.."(i;."> 

Ilandlini;  coal   at   depols 410.s:t6 

Taxes   and    miscellaneous 1.4r>7,7'.l2 

Tola  I  expenses $31.217..">23 

Halance .■!;  2.42.'t.l."'>.S 

('olllery    Improvements .$  1.21(!.cil,'> 

riepletion   of  coal   lands   fund 44."i.S(i8 

Inler-est   on   Iteiidliiir  Co.'s  loan...  74:t.!»."»8 

I-'Ixed   charges   and    taxes SS..m8 

Total   cliargps $  2.404.fi,"iO 

Detlcit   for  the  year .S         71, .".01 

The  average  receipt  per  ton  of  anthra- 
cite sold  appears  from  this  statement  to 
have  been  $3.31 ;  average  cost  per  ton 
for  mining.  $1.90;  cost  per  ton  of  anthra- 
cite   bought,    $1.91.      Transportation    of 


854 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


coal  cost  S0.82  per  ton  sold.  The  appro- 
piration  to  depletion  of  coal  lands  fund 
is  5c.  per  ton  of  coal  mined.  The  state- 
ment of  depreciations  account  shows 
8493,684  brought  forward  from  previous 
year,  $445,867  appropriated  during  the 
year  and  $2320  interest  received;  a  total 
of  $941,871.  The  amount  invested  in 
permanent  improvements  at  collieries  was 
$641,867,  leaving  a  balance  of  $300,004; 
of  which  $300,000  is  in  securities  held 
by  the  fund. 

There  was  a  decrease,  as  compared 
with  the  previous  year,  of  $1,791,625  in 
sales  of  anthracite,  but  an  increase  of 
S216.867  in  sales  of  bituminous  coal. 
There  was  a  decrease  of  $475,740  in  cost 
of  mining  and  of  $787,763  in  transporta- 
tion; both  due  chiefly  to  the  smaller  quan- 
tity of  coal  mined  and  handled. 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad 

The  report  of  the  railroad  for  the  year 
shouts  that  coal  was  50.1  per  cent,  of  the 
tonnage  carried,  and  furnished  42.3  per 
cent,  of  the  earnings.  The  statement  of 
coal  moved  is  as  follows: 


Anthracite  . . . 
Bituminous.. 

1908-9.          1909-10. 
...  ll,.iSfi,839    10,9-J9,fil2 
. .  10.574,314    13,241,198 

Changes. 
D.        557,227 
I.    2,GGC,.S84 

Total 

Earninps     fn 
coal 

. .  2^,161,153    24.170,810 
>m 
..$17,698,227  $18,737,218 

I.    2.109,657 
1.  $1,038,991 

The  statement  for  the  past  year  is  not- 
able because  for  the  first  time  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  road  the  quantity  of  bitumin- 
ous coal — mainly  received  from  connect- 
ing lines — exceeded  that  of  the  anthracite 
originating  on  its  own  line.  The  coal  ton- 
mileage  last  year  was  2,885,824,000, 
showing  an  average  haul  of  119  miles. 
The  average  freight  rate  on  coal  tonnage 
was  0.649c.  per  ton-mile,  as  indicated  by 
the  figures  given  above. 


Investigating    Manufacturing    Costs 

Washington  Correspondence 


Because  of  the  rather  unsatisfactory 
results  attained  in  its  attempt  to  arrange, 
with  the  aid  of  a  committee  of  producers 
for  the  investigation  of  the  heavy  chemi- 
cal industry,  the  Tariff  Board  has  about 
decided  that  in  future  it  will  not  endeavor 
to  negotiate  with  manufacturers'  associa- 
tions and  operators'  organizations;  but 
that  it  will  do  its  work  through  individual 
firms  and  business  men.  The  decision  is 
of  considerable  interest  because  the 
Board  contemplates  a  thorough  inquiry 
into  mining,  smelting  and  metal  produc- 
tion in  various  branches.  Experience  has 
shown  that  much  more  in  the  way  of  cost 
data  can  be  obtained  through  individuals 
than  from  groups  or  associations  of  pro- 
ducers. Originally,  the  Board  had  in- 
tended to  operate  along  the  latter  line 
chiefly,  and  the  alteration  of  plan  will 
imply  important  changes  in  its  arrange- 
ments. 


It  is  probable  that  a  decidedly  larger 
field  force  than  was  originally  contem- 
plated will  have  to  be  engaged  to  visit 
the  individual  establishments  selected  for 
the  study  of  costs.  It  is  expected  that  a 
full  meeting  of  the  board — which  has 
not  heretofore  been  possible  owing  to  the 
absence  of  members — will  shortly  be  held 
and  that  the  new  plan  will  then  be  ac- 
cepted definitely. 


Quarterly    Report   of   tire   North 
Butte    Mining  Company 

The  stockholders  of  the  North  Butte 
Mining  Company  are  in  receipt  of  a  cir- 
cular from  the  president,  which  contains 
a  report  by  John  D.  Pope,  general  man- 
ager, of  the  work  done  on  the  properties 
during  the  quarter  ended  Sept.  30,   1910. 

During  the  quarter  the  following  de- 
velopment work  was  done:  Speculator 
shaft,  130  ft.;  Edith  May  winze,  35  ft.; 
crosscuts,  1318  ft.;  drifts,  2716  ft.; 
raises,  749  ft.;  total,  4948  ft.  The  Specu- 
lator shaft  was  sunk  to  the  2400  level, 
where  a  skip  chute  and  station  are  be- 
ing put  in.  Sinking  will  be  resumed 
about  Nov.  1  and  continued  to  the  2800 
level.  Raises  under  the  Granite  Moun- 
tain shaft  on  the  1000,  1600  and  1800 
levels  advanced  307  ft.  during  the  quar- 
ter. 

Exploration  of  Orebodies 

Drifts  on  the  2300  level  are  said  to 
have  disclosed  72  ft.  of  ore  averaging  8 
ft.  in  width  and  assaying  7  per  cent, 
copper  and  3  oz.  silver  per  ton.  On  the 
700  level  of  the  Gem  mine  the  crosscut, 
for  147  ft.,  exposes  ore  which  averages 
8  ft.  wide  and  carries  6.6  per  cent,  cop- 
per and  10.7  oz.  silver  per  ton.  The 
work  performed  since  Sept.  30  has 
proved  this  orebody  to  have  a  total  length 
of    175   ft. 

Good  Showings  in    Deeper  Levels 

On  the  1700  level,  which  has  been  ex- 
tended west  180  ft.  to  the  limit  of  the 
orebody,  ore  is  exposed  for  233  ft.,  the 
average  width  being  12  ft.  and  the  av- 
erage assay  6  per  cent,  copper  and  7  oz. 
silver  per  ton.  This  orebody  has  also 
been  encountered  on  the  1800  and  2000 
levels.  The  2200  west  drift  is  still  in 
Inw-grade  vein  matter.  The  drift  east  on 
the  2000  level  has  advanced  154  ft.,  in 
ore  showing  from  16  to  25  ft.  wide  and 
assaying  from  4  to  9  per  cent,  copper. 
This  is  the  eastern  extension  of  the  main 
orebody  of  the  Jessie  vein  previously 
disclosed  on  this  level. 

On  the  2000  level  a  total  of  300  ft. 
of  ore,  averaging  5  ft.  in  width  and 
assaying  4.5  per  cent,  copper  and  5  oz. 
silver  per  ton  is  proved.  Crosscuts  driv- 
en on  the  1800,  2000  and  2200  levels 
1  ave  discovered  another  vein  in  the 
Croesus  claim,  besides  the  one  shown  on 


the  1600  level.  This  vein  on  the  1800 
level  shows  for  200  ft.  3  ft.  of  ore,  av- 
eraging 5.5  per  cent,  copper  and  5.25  oz. 
silver;  on  the  2000  level  20  ft.  of  ore 
assaying  8.5  per  cent,  copper  and  7.5 
oz.  of  silver  over  a  width  of  4  ft.;  on  the 
2200  level  2  ft.  of  ore  assaying  5  per 
cent,  copper.  No  ore  has  been  found 
on  the  North  Croesus  vein  below  the 
1600  level. 

The  Tuolumne  Suit 

Recently  the  Tuolumne  Copper  Mining 
Company  made  answer  to  the  North  Butte 
complaint,  claiming  a  part  of  the  east- 
erly end  of  the  Jessie  vein,  and  denying 
the  North  Butte  company's  ownership 
of  the  three-eighths  interest  in  the  Jessie 
fraction.  The  work  done  during  the  last 
three  months  in  the  ground  in  dispute 
with  the  Tuolumne  company  is  claimed 
to  show  that  the  apex  of  the  Jessie  vein 
exists  on  the  Jessie  claim  in  exactly  the 
position  asserted  by  the  North  Butte 
company.  The  connection  between  this 
apex  and  the  workings  on  the  lower  lev- 
els is  stated  by  the  manager  to  demon- 
strate the  continuity  of  the  vein.  The 
North  Butte  is  also  doing  other  work  for 
the  purpose  of  proving  its  contention  in 
this   controversy. 


Greene-Cananea  Operations 

Special  Correspondence 


The  Greene-Cananea  company  is  pro- 
ducing an  average  of  3,600,000  lb.  of 
copper  per  month  with  two  furnaces  idle, 
vihich  indicates  a  curtailment  of  1,000,- 
000  lb.  per  month.  Its  concentrator  is 
treating  1500  tons  of  ore  per  day,  where- 
as it  has  formerly  been  treating  2600  tons 
daily.  The  Puertecito,  Henrietta  and 
Veta  Grande  mines  have  been  closed  and 
over  500  men  discharged.  A  new  orebody 
was  encountered  in  the  Sierra  de  Cobra 
mine  during  September  at  three  different 
points,  the  ore  running  4  per  cent,  copper, 
with  higher  precious  metal  contents  than 
obtain  at  the  other  mines;  and  a  large 
body  of  concentrating  ore  has  recently 
been  developed  on  the  1000- ft.  level  of 
the  Capete  mine.  While  preliminary  work 
has  been  done  on  the  addition  to  the  Mc- 
Dougal  roasters,  it  has  not  yet  been  de- 
cided whether  four  or  six  will  be  in- 
stalled. An  increase  to  80  per  cent,  in 
extraction  has  lately  been  attained  at  the 
concentrator.  According  to  local  officials, 
the  report  that  the  company  has  disposed 
of  its  railway  concessions,  upon  which 
work  was  stopped  a  year  ago,  or  any  part 
(if  them  to  the  Pearson  interests,  is  with- 
out foundation.  Negotiations  were  opened 
with  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  about 
six  months  ago,  but  no  deal  was  consum- 
i^iated.  The  company,  however,  does  not 
expect  to  carry  out  the  terms  of  the  con- 
cession under  present  conditions. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


855 


Present   Tendencies  in   Cyanide   Practice 

No  Absolute  Standard  of  Practice.      Recent  Developments  Chronicled. 
Wide    Differences    between     American    and     South     African      Plants 


BY        MARK 


R 


LAMB* 


While  I  have  had  little  to  do  with  the 
operating  end  of  the  cyanide  process 
during  the  last  two  years,  it  has  been  my 
good  fortune  to  be  in  touch  with  an  unu- 
sually large  number  of  successful  cyan- 
iders,  and  this  has  resulted  in  a  sort  of 
birdseye  view  of  recent  developments.  I 
am  indebted  for  much  of  what  follows  to 
plant  superintendents,  mainly  through 
correspondence.  I  have  tried  to  avoid 
giving  grounds  for  any  accusation  of  bias 
due  to  my  past  or  present  connections. 

Tendency  in  Stamp  Weight 

In  the  plants  erected  recently,  the 
crushing  machinery  has  varied  only  in  the 
weight  of  stamps  employed.  The  tendency 
is  undoubtedly  toward  a  slight  increase  in 
weight,  but  we  have  not  approached  Afri- 
can practice  as  yet.  A  number  of  recent 
specifications  for  plants  which  will  be 
built  during  the  next  12  months  include 
1600-  and  1700-lb.  stamps.  One  mill  de- 
signer specifies  his  flat-bottomed  battery 
bin  to  be  5  ft.  higher  than  standard  prac- 
tice. This  is  for  the  purpose  of  drawing 
ore  from  the  center  of  the  bottom  instead 
of  from  the  side,  thus  greatly  decreasing 
the  amount  of  unavailable  ore  in  the  bin. 

Sampling  Plants  Being  Discarded 

While  some  of  the  larger  new  mills 
are  including  sampling  plants,  a  number 
of  the  reduction  works  already  in  opera- 
tion are  abandoning  the  use  of  this  auxili- 
ary, and  particularly  is  this  so  where  un- 
usually high-grade  ores  are  being  treated. 
Where  the  gold  sometimes  occurs  in  large 
particles,  and  where  the  ore  is  unusually 
rich,  it  is  difficult  to  make  the  head 
samples  check  with  bullion  output  and 
the  value  as  shown  by  tailing  assays. 
As  it  is  usual  to  check  the  accuracy  of 
head  samples  by  comparing  with  the  bul- 
lion output,  plus  the  value  in  the  tailing, 
and  to  vary  the  sampling  arrangement  to 
take  more  coarse  or  more  fine  ore,  as  the 
case  may  be,  there  would  seem  to  be  no 
advantai;e  in  using  an  expensive  sam- 
pling plant. 

Use  of  Ball  Mill  for  Fine  Crushing 

As  a  variation  of  the  usual  American 
practice  of  using  stamps  following  the 
rock  breaker,  the  work  at  an  Australian 
mill  should  be  of  interest.  A  No.  5  ball- 
mill  is  fed  40  tons  of  3-in.  ore  daily,  and 
is  equipped  with  30-mesh  screen;  17  h.p. 
are    required    and    one    5-in.    ball    is    fed 


•Milling     and     oyanldinc     pnclnoor.     AlUs- 
Chnlmers   Company.    MlUvniikpc    Wis. 


daily  to  make  up  for  wear  which  amounts 
to  "4  lb.  of  steel  per  ton.  Besides  this 
wear  on  the  balls  is  the  wear  on  liners, 
which  is  another  equal  amount. 

No  Definite  Policy  Regarding  Chilean 
Mills 

Chilean  mills  have  not  been  supplied  in 
important  numbers  for  new  plants, 
though  in  several  instances  they  have 
been  added  to  existing  mills.  Conversely, 
Chilean  mills  have  been  scrapped  and 
replaced  with  tube  mills  in  treating  sil- 
ver ores.  Modified  forms  of  continuous 
grinding  pans  have  been  bought  instead 
of  tube  mills  in  a  few  instances. 

Where  gold  is  concerned,  and  particu- 
larly in  cyaniding  chlorination  tailing. 
Tippet  has  found  that  grinding  be- 
tween iron  surfaces,  such  as  is  done 
with  grinding  pans,  reduces  the  sus- 
ceptibility of  the  gold  to  cyanide  so- 
lution. It  would  be  interesting  to 
know  just  what  is  the  effect  of  the 
iron  on  the  gold  and  just  in  what  condi- 
tion or  form  the  latter  is  found.  It  is 
said  that  gold  carried  in  suspension  by 
tiie  solution  flowing  from  the  zinc  boxes 
to  sand  or  slime  tanks  is  not  dissolved 
again,  but  is  lost,  owing  to  its  being  in  an 
allotropic  form,  and  it  is  quite  likely  that 
the  gold  in  the  chlorination  tailing  is  in 
a  similar  form  which,  in  the  presence  of 
iron,  is  similarly,  hut  only  partially  pre- 
vented from  dissolving  in  cyanide  solu- 
tion. 

Tube  Mill  Drives 

The  first  tube  mills  installed  in  cyanide 
plants  were  belt  driven  either  through 
spur  or  bevel  gearing,  the  latter  being 
used  to  reduce  floor  space  requirements. 
Later  the  intermediate  gear  found  favor 
where  individual  motors  were  employed. 
At  present,  a  number  of  mills  are  in 
operation  of  which  the  motor  is  directly 
connected  to  the  pinion  shaft  through  a 
flexible  coupling.  This  arrangement  ne- 
cessitates a  much  larger  gear  on  the  tube 
mill,  but  it  makes  a  much  more  compact 
and  efficient  unit. 

Imported  pebbles  are  largely  replaced 
by  mine  ore,  though  the  practice  varies 
in  different  camps,  and  even  in  different 
mills  of  the  same  camp,  from  time  to 
time.  For  example,  at  the  Esperanza 
mill  in  Mexico  5  per  cent,  of  imported 
pebbles  are  used  with  95  per  cent,  of 
mine  ore.  The  latter  grinds  up  rapidly, 
of  course,  and  at  this  mill.  Manager 
Hoyle  reports  a  consumption  of  4  tons  of 
ore  per  day  in  each  4x20-ft.  tube  mill. 


The  Diaphragm  Cone  not  Entirely 
Satisfactory 

The  diaphragm  cone  which  has  its  ad- 
vantages in  some  cases,  is  much  more 
satisfactory  in  a  large  plant  than  in  a 
small  one,  on  account  of  fluctuation  in 
feed  and  discharge.  It  has  disappointed 
at  least  one  operator  who  has  returned 
to  his  drag  classifier.  A  cone  requires 
careful  adjustment  to  keep  the  sand  level 
exactly  right  without  overflowing  sand  to 
the  slime  settler  or  discharging  slime 
V.  ith  the  sand,  when  the  feed  increases  or 
falls  oft.  The  cone  is  also  unsatisfactory 
for  classifying  accumulations  of  tailings 
which  have  had  an  opportunity  to  mix 
with  rock,  roots,  and  rags.  No  such  care 
or  attention  is  required  by  the  drag  clas- 
sifier. 

The  process  of  milling  and  classifying 
at  Mercur,  as  recently  described,  is  in- 
teresting on  account  of  the  difficulty  of 
separating  the  slime,  which  is  also  diffi- 
cult to  filter.  Briefly,  the  dry  crushed 
ore  is  wet  in  a  special  mixer  which  sepa- 
rates the  coarse  material  for  leaching. 
The  sand  and  slime  pulp  is  conducted 
through  a  series  of  Dorr  classifiers  which 
separate  a  further  quantity  of  leachable 
material   from   the  slime. 

The  Field  for  Concentration 

Concentration  has  been  relegated  in  a 
number  of  instances  to  a  secondary  posi- 
tion in  the  metallurgy  of  gold  and  sil- 
ver ores.  Brown  is  recommending  a 
closed  circuit  consisting  of  concentrating 
and  grinding,  for  concentrates  in  districts 
where  freight  and  smelter  charges  are 
high.  Where  only  a  few  tons  of  high- 
grade  concentrate  are  to  be  treated  per 
day,  the  batch  tube  mill  has  been  em- 
ployed with  success,  and  the  concentrate 
can  thus  be  ground  as  fine  as  is  neces- 
sary, though  the  grinding  cost  is  some- 
what higher.  The  problem  of  fine  con- 
centration in  general  has  been  gone  into 
thoroughly  by  Caetani',  in  which  he  de- 
scribes his  work  during  the  last  three 
years. 

Fine  Grinding  of  Concentrates  not 
Always  Advantageous 
While  it  is  undoubtedly  best  in  some 
cases  to  grind  the  concentrates  as  fine 
as  is  commercially  possible,  a  different 
condition  is  shown  for  example  in  Korea, 
where  90  tons  of  concentrate  per  day 
are  leached  for  18  days  with  a  good  ex- 


M/;ii.  ^rat|..  May  and  .Tune,   inio;   •■^rlIlinl; 
of   I.ead-Sllver   Ore." 


856 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


traction  The  concentrate  contains  56  per 
cent,  of  marcasite,  36  per  cent,  of  galena, 
6  per  cent,  sphalerite,  and  I  per  cent,  of 
arsenopyrite.  An  interesting  feature  of 
the  labor  situation  at  this  mill  in  Korea 
is  the  fact  that  the  Chinese  and  Koreans 
will  not  pull  together,  so  a  strike  by  one 
nationality  can  always  be  broken  by  em- 
ploying the  other.  A  cold-blooded  ma- 
terialistic statement,  or  merely  a  good 
managerial  expedient,  depending  upon 
whether  you  are  a  native  or  a  stock- 
holder. 

One  mine  feeds  a  4x20-ft.  tube  mill 
with  the  undeisize  from  a  i^-in.  grizzly, 
the  oversize  being  fed  to  stamps,  and  the 
discharge  from  the  stamps  and  tube  mill 
combined  and  run  over  amalgamating 
tables.  A  curious  detail  is  that  the  tables 
are  set  some  distance  from  the  battery  to 
avoid  vibration,  while  a  neighboring  mill 
is  equipped  with  shaking  amalgamating 
tables,  such  as  are  largely  used  in  South 
Africa.  There  is  the  option.  This  tube 
mill  has  the  Brown  liner  and  crushes  the 
K'-in.  material  to  pass  25  mesh  and 
finer. 

Amalgamation  in  Tube  Mills 

Amalgamation  in  tube  mills  has  been 
recommended  for  gold  ores.  It  is  hard 
for  me  to  believe  that  this  will  be  gen- 
erally successful.  In  the  stamp-mill  mor- 
tar, amalgam  collects  in  comparatively 
quiet  corners.  It  will  be  difficult  to  find 
such  places  in  a  tube  mill  except  it  be  in 
the  grooves  of  the  ribbed  iron  lining,  and 
I  can  see  no  pleasure  or  advantage  in 
accumlating  amalgam  in,  and  then  clean- 
ing it  out. of,  such  a  place. 

H.  E.  Ashley's  paper",  offers  rich  food 
for  thought.  His  experiments  with 
slime  are  bound  to  have  valuable  results 
for  the  cyanider. 

Precipitation  of  Colloid  Slime 
He  suggests  that  the  quantity  of  col- 
loid slime  produced  in  milling  can  be  re- 
duced by  milling  in  a  solution  of  lime 
or  sulphate  or  chloride  of  calcium  or 
magnesium,  by  which  the  colloids  are 
precipitated  on  the  surface  of  the  grains 
of  quartz,  thus  preventing  further  dis- 
solution. This  colloid  probably  would 
have  to  be  cut  loose  from  the  crystal 
portion  of  the  pulp  with  acid  or  other- 
wise, in  order  to  obtain  the  best  extrac- 
tion. It  is,  of  course,  an  economic  ques- 
tion. His  paper  opens  a  line  of  investi- 
gation in  an  entirely  unexplored  Held — 
one  which  is  now  in  exactly  the  same 
condition  so  far  as  chemical  development 
is  concerned,  as  when  the  cyanide  pro- 
cess was  discovered. 

Leachinc    Plants    Still    Being    Built 

Leaching  plants  continue  to  be  built 
though  we  hear  of  and  see  more  fine- 
grinding  plants.  Where  the  gold  is  eas- 
ily soluble  and  the  grade  of  the  ore  is 


!"The    f'licmirul    Conlrol    of    Slimes,"    nm. 
A.   I.   M.   F...   Aug.,    U>]0. 


low,  it  is  frequently  not  possible  ;o  figure 
a  profit  from  the  increased  extraction 
resulting  from  fine  grinding  and  agitation 
and  filtration.  It  is  always  advisable  to 
store  the  tailing  from  such  a  leaching 
plant  if  it  can  be  done  at  a  nominal  cost. 
Several  years  ago,  at  one  of  Mr.  Butters' 
plants,  he  insisted  on  storing  80-c.  tailing 
where  this  could  be  done  at  no  added  ex- 
pense, and  it  now  appears  quite  likely 
that  this  large  accummulation  will  be 
worked  at  a  profit  though  none  of  us 
,  thought    it    possible    at   that   time. 

Continuous  vs.  Intermittent  Leaching 

The  relative  importance  of  continuous 
vs.  intermittent  leaching  seems  to  have 
become  a  minor  question  in  America, 
though  plants  are  still  being  built  in 
Africa  which  provide  separate  collection 
of  sand  and  double  treatment,  and  long 
intervals  between  applications  of  the 
leaching  solutions  are  provided.  Where 
old  accummulations  of  tailings  are  to  be 
treated,  it  usually  pays  at  least  to  grind 
slightly,  if  only  thoroughly  to  disinte- 
grate to  release  soluble  salts  and  cyan- 
icides.  Sometimes,  as  at  Cuescos,  where 
the  tailing  is  mixed  with  the  sewage  of 
Pachuca,  it  is  difficult  to  decide  which  is 
most  required — a  leaching  plant  or  a 
crematory. 

Contrasts  in  Solubilities  at  Different 
Plants 

At  Mercur,  Utah,  V2-  to  1-in.  ore  is 
leached  successfully,  and  this  should  be 
compared  with  ore  from  the  Florence,  Ariz., 
district,  which  even  when  ground  to  an 
impalpable  powder  will  give  up  but  50 
per  cent,  of  its  silver  contents.  At  the 
Gold  Cross  mines  at  Hedges,  Barker 
made  a  profit  by  leaching  a  coppery  tail- 
ing containing  but  90c.  per  ton,  and  this 
should  be  compared  with  the  ore  of  the 
Tombstone  district,  where  the  problem  of 
successfully  treating  S2  silver  tailing  is 
still  unsolved.  The  solution  of  the  re- 
cently discussed  problem  of  the  regener- 
ation of  cyanide  from  copper  solution 
will,  when  completed,  be  of  assistance  in 
the  treatment  of  such  tailings  as  those  at 
Tombstone.  A  similar  coppery  tailing 
was  treated  by  Perry  at  La  Colorado  and 
is  now  being  treated  by  him  at  Minas 
Prietas.  The  difficulties  of  precipitation 
of  coppery  solution  on  zinc  are  avoided 
by  using  electric  precipitation,  by  means 
of  which  some  incidental  regeneration 
of  cyanide  is  reported. 

With   Clean   Classification   Leaching 
Tanks   10  Ft.   Deep  Can  Be   Used 

When  a  clean  classification  is  provided, 
leaching  tanks  10  ft.  deep  can  be  built 
and  successfully  employed,  but  the  class- 
ification must  be  perfect.  But  even  with 
the  usual  5-ft.  leaching  tank  and  with 
about  10-day  treatment  provided,  a  leach- 
plant  is  sometimes  cheaper  than  an  all- 
slime  plant  and  requires  less  power.  We 
should  not  permit  our  enthusiasm  for  fil- 


ters to  obscure  the  fact  that  the  labora- 
tory is  the  place  to  decide  between  agi- 
tation and  percolation. 

Blaisdell  Machinery  Chiefly  Used  in 
Africa 

While  Blaisdell  machinery  makes  slow 
headway  in  Mexico,  on  account  of  the 
fact  that  few  plants  being  built  include 
sand  treatment,  it  is  received  with  great 
favor  in  South  Africa,  where  such  new 
mills  as  the  Simmer  Deep,  Roodepoort, 
Robinson  and  Bantjes  are  reported  to  be 
including  various  adaptations  of  Blais- 
dell's  inventions,  and  we  should  not  lose 
sight  of  the  relative  tonnages  treated, 
where,  for  example,  one  of  the  new 
plants  will  have  a  capacity  twice  that  of 
all  the  plants  of  the  Guanajuato  district 
taken  together. 

Slime     Treatment     Exciting     Much 
Interest 

Slime  treatment  is  getting  the  most  at- 
tention at  present.  New  filters  are  in- 
vented hourly.  Best  of  all,  the  old  fil- 
ters— those  in  which  a  filtering  medium 
is  "submerged"  a  plurality  of  times  in  a 
plurality  of  baths,  are  getting  into  new 
territory.  While  the  325-leaf  plant,  at 
the  Dos  Estrellas,  is  considered  large  for 
Mexico  or  even  America,  a  recent  single 
order  for  South  Africa  covered  1300 
leaves.  It  has  taken  that  mining  country 
a  long  time  to  appreciate  the  merits 
of  the  vacuum  filter,  but  capital,  that 
nervous  instrument  of  production,  must 
be  convincingly  shown.  The  question  of 
relative  merit  of  the  different  filters  is 
still  mooted,  the  stationary  being  replaced 
at  different  plants  by  the  movable  type 
or  by  the  pressure  type  and  vice  versa. 
The  patent  situation  seems  to  be  still 
undecided  though  testimony  has  been 
adduced  which  will  be  extremely  inter- 
esting to  cyaniders  when  it  is  made  pub- 
lic. 

Metallurgical  patents  in  general  seem 
to  bring  the  patentee  little  except  trouble 
and  law  suits.  There  are  disgruntled  in- 
ventors in  every  cyanide  plant.  A  noted 
patent  attorney  recently  said  that  our 
present  laws  afford  no  protection  what- 
ever to  the  inventor.  The  laws  are  only 
for  the  benefit  of  the  patent  attorney. 
Though  in  his  23  years  of  practice  he 
has  won  many  suits  for  his  clients,  he 
has  never  recovered  a  really  good  judg- 
ment, which  would  have  compensated  the 
inventor  for  all  his  troubles.  Inventions 
in  the  cyanide  process  now  are,  at  best, 
usually  only  minor  modifications,  though 
astounding  results  arc  claimed  for  some 
of  these.  It  is  quite  safe  to  say  that  the 
greater  the  claim,  the  less  liable  is  the 
actual  result  to  approximate  the  claim 
made  for  the  process. 

Air  Agitation   Gaining   Ground 

Air  agitation   is  gaining  ground.     The 

air  required  varies  from  50  cu.ft.  at  20- 

Ib.  pressure    for    1 '/j  :  1    slime,    to    125 

cu.ft.   at   35-lb.   pressure    for   fine   sand. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


857 


These  figures  cover  agitation  which  is 
complete  and  satisfactory,  which  is  hys- 
terical, in  fact.  Some  operators  are  re- 
porting satisfactory  results  with  30  cu.ft. 
per  min.  in  the  standard  15x45-ft.  tank. 
No  mechanical  agitation  will  compare  in 
power  required  with  air  agitation  and  no 
such  mechanical  agitation  could  handle 
fine  sand  alone  with  any  reasonable  con- 
sumption of  power. 

Brodie's  suggestion  to  use  starting 
pipes,  particularly  with  concentrate  has 
been  followed  successfully  when  agitat- 
ing this  material,  and  also  with  heavy 
sand,  yet  in  some  plants  it  is  the  custom 
to  discharge  a  tank  which,  for  any  cause, 
has  had  time  to  settle,  on  account  of  the 
difficulty  of  starting  it  again.  There  is 
no  question  as  to  the  advisability  of  an 
operator  knowing  all  that  is  done  else- 
where with  apparatus  similar  to  his  own, 
and  there  is  as  little  doubt  that  the  in- 
vestment in  subscriptions  to  all  the  tech- 
nical papers  in  this  field  is  one  of  the 
best  that  a  metallurgical  manager  can 
make.  There  is  no  difficulty  in  getting 
everyone  to  read  them  and  the  return  is 
many  thousand  fold.  Another  and  equal- 
ly good  investment  is  to  send  the  fore- 
man and  superintendents  to  other  plants 
from  time  to  time.  This  is  included  in 
the  policy  of  some  of  the  larger  houses, 
but  is  often  overlooked  by  the  small- 
plant  manager,  whose  perspective  is  ob- 
scured by  the  size  of  the  probable  ex- 
pense bill  which  looms  large  in  the  im- 
mediate foreground. 

The    Pump   Problem 

Steel-lined  pumps  for  high  lifts  and 
spiral  pumps  for  short  lifts  are  super- 
seding plunger  pumps  and  tailing  wheels 
for  this  material,  even  in  Africa.  Much 
of  the  pumping  and  elevating  formerly 
necessary  is  being  avoided  by  the  oper- 
ation of  the  agitation  tanks  in  series  in- 
stead of  by  charges.  One  recently  and 
carefully  designed  plant  has  all  pumps 
in  one  house  and  all  valves  and  starting 
boxes  for  motors  on  one  working  plat- 
form. On  a  large  plant  this  will  be  a 
time-saving  and  therefore  economical  ar- 
rangement, the  additional  cost  including 
only  the  extra   pipe   and    wiring. 

Where  waste  steam  is  available  it  has 
been  found  advantageous  to  heat  solu- 
tions and  settling  slime  at  least  to  atmos- 
pheric temperature,  and  preferably  to 
above  thar  point.  Quicker  dissolution  of 
the  metals  and  quicker  settling  with  less 
internal  currents  in  the  settling  tank  arc 
some  ot  the  advantages.  Where  water 
for  boiler  purposes  is  scarce,  the  steam 
can  be  condensed  either  in  coils  or  by 
submerging  the  end  of  the  engine  ex- 
haust pipe  directly  in  the  solution.  In  ex- 
perimenting with  the  heating  of  slime  for 
settlement  it  has  been  found  that  a  4:  1 
pulp  will  settle  more  closely  and  quickly 
I  than  a  3:  1  mixture,  also  that  a  mixture 
containing  a  maximum  amount  of  lime 
in  solution  does  not  settle  best. 


Precipitation  patents  are  also  numerous 
and  involve  zinc-dust  processes  and 
presses,  granular-  and  plate-zinc  precipi- 
tation, as  a  substitute  for  stationary  zinc 
boxes  and  furnaces,  and  methods  of  re- 
ducing the  precipitated  metals. 

While  zinc  shavings  are  the  most  popu- 
lar, changes  are  made  from  one  method 
to  the  other,  under  the  influence  of  spe- 
cial conditions  and  costs.  The  manage- 
ment of  the  Mercur  plant,  which  is  fully 
equipped  with  zinc  presses  and  uses  but 
5  lb.  of  zinc  dust  for  each  30  tons  of 
solution,  is  experimenting  with  shavings 
with  the  idea  of  making  the  change  to 
the  latter.  At  Esperanza  the  change  has 
been  from  shavings  to  Merrill's  system 
of  zinc-dust  precipitation  and  the  result 
is  the  consumption  of  only  TA  lb.  of  z*nc 
dust  per  ton  of  ore  or  2.6:  I  by  weight,  of 
bullion. 

Mechanical  Zinc-dust  Feeders  Usual- 
ly Unsatisfactory 

Zinc-dust  feeders  have  been  perfected 
at  a  considerable  expenditure  of  energy 
and  thought.  The  quantity  to  be  fed  is 
so  small  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of 
solution  handled  that  it  is  difficult  to  get 
the  rate  of  feed  exactly  right.  In  order 
to  obtain  a  perfect  precipitation  it  is  nec- 
essary to  use  much  more  zinc  dust  in 
proportion  than  in  obtaining,  say,  a  90 
or  95  per  cent,  precipitation.  On 
this  account  some  operators  have 
provided  a  zinc  box  through  which 
the  effluent  solution  from  the  filter 
press  flows  before  going  to  the  sump 
tanks. 

Reducing    Precipitate   to   Bullion 

Methods  of  reducing  precipitate  to  bul- 
lion vary  widely  in  different  plants  and 
include  acid  treatment,  roasting,  cupel- 
ling, melting  in  the  blast  furnace,  and 
treating  with  niter  cake.  Silver  is  gen- 
erally reduced  the  easiest  way  (largely 
perhaps  on  account  of  the  great  amount 
to  be  handled)  by  merely  fluxing  and 
charging  into  crucibles.  There  is,  no 
doubt,  some  loss  by  dusting,  but  the 
question  is,  how  much?  On  account  of 
the  difficulty  of  accurately  sampling  pre- 
cipitate, it  is  practically  impossible  to 
say. 

Flux  and  Precipitate  Not  to  Be  Too 
Intimately  Mixed 

One  operator  recently  had  an  exper- 
ience with  dust  losses  which  he  will  not 
soon  forget.  He  reasoned  that  as  it  is 
well  to  mix  the  precipitate  with  flux,  it 
would  be  better  to  mix  it  thoroughly. 
He  also  decided  that  if  the  sulphur  of 
the  matte  could  be  reduced  with  niter  in 
an  after-melt,  it  might  more  easily  be  re- 
duced in  the  first  melt.  The  zinc  in  the 
precipitate  upon  which  the  experiments 
were  to  be  made  had  not  been  thoroughly 
dissolved  out  with  sulphuric  acid,  so  a 
liberal  quantity  of  niter  was  added,  to- 
gether with  the  usual  amount  of  soda  and 


borax.  The  thoroughly  dried  and  mixed 
precipitate  was  charged  into  a  homemade 
mixing  barrel  together  with  pieces  of  iron 
to  assist  in  grinding  and  mixing,  and  the 
barrel  was  revolved  for  an  hour.  The 
first  crucible  was  watched  with  interest. 
As  it  was  heated  gradually,  the  critical 
point  of  the  mixture  was  reached  long 
before  the  melting  point,  and  with  a  roar 
the  lid  was  blown  off  of  the  oil  furnace 
and  the  entire  charge  scattered  into  the 
cleanup  room  and  into  the  dust  chamber. 
It  was  truly  a  rain  of  gold.  After  a  few 
hours  it  was  possible  to  enter  the  cleanup 
room  and  sweep  up  the  gold  powder 
from   the  floor   and    furniture. 

Briquetting  Both  Gaining  and  Losing 
Adherents 

Briquetting  has  been  abandoned  in 
some  plants  and  conversely  is  being 
adopted  in  others.  With  gold  precipitate, 
the  briquets  from  zinc-dust  precipitation 
are  being  melted  and  refined  in  cupels. 
Briquetting  and  cupelling  certainly  in- 
volve some  dusting  and  loss  by  handling, 
but  gold  briquets  are  even  being  charged 
wtih  coke  into  the  blast  furnace! 

Precipitate   Roasting   Not   Popular  in 
America 

The  roasting  of  precipitate  is  not  so 
popular  in  Mexico  and  the  States  as  it  is 
abroad.  Dusting  and  volatilization  loss- 
es are  undoubtedly  suffered,  but  as  in 
all  such  reduction  methods,  there  is  no 
way  of  exactly  measuring  the  loss.  The 
neatest,  quickest  and  least  wasteful  of 
methods  for  reducing  gold  precipitate  is 
by  the  use  of  niter  cake  and  sulphuric 
acid.  The  product  is  obtained  as  metallic 
gold  in  a  form  not  easily  lost  (certainly 
not  as  dust  or  vapor),  while  a  small  per 
cent,  of  silver  offers  no  serious  difficulty. 
This  silver  is  dissolved,  but  precipitates 
readily  on  scrap  iron,  and  is  also  in  a 
form  easily  recovered  without  loss.  The 
cost  of  reagents  is  less  and  the  time  of 
treatment  is  also  less,  while  the  possi- 
bility of  loss  by  dusting  or  by  vaporizing 
is  entirely  eliminated. 

Another  substantial  saving  is  made  by 
this  process,  which  avoids  entirely  the 
loss  due  to  careless  settling  and  decant- 
ing when  sulphuric  acid. is  used.  These 
sulphuric-acid  solutions  are  often  im- 
patiently decanted  before  settlement  is 
complete  and  thus  carry  away  appreci- 
able amounts  of  gold  in  suspension,  and 
not  always  is  a  sump  tank  provided  of 
sufficient  capacity  to  allow  a  long  period 
for  settlement. 

Precipitate  Treatment  at  Various 
Plants 

At  one  plant  1500  lb.  of  precipitate  are 
mixed  and  briquetted  with  litharge  (1:1) 
and  borax  C^:!),  and  melted  in  the 
cupel.  The  fuel  required  amounts  to 
3 '-J  cords,  and  36  hours  are  consumed  in 
the  process.  At  another  plant  only  the 
"shorts"    are    acid-treated,    that    which 


858 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


passes  a  30-mesh  screen  going  with 
the  acid-treatad  material  direct  to 
the  furnace.  A  kerosene-burning 
Faber  du  Faur  furnace  has  re- 
placed the  coke  furnace  formerly 
used.  Air  under  40-lb.  pressure  (heat- 
ed in  a  pipe  coil  in  the  stack)  vaporizes 
the  oil,  resulting  in  an  intense  heat  and 
perfect  combustion.  In  one  furnace  600 
lb.  of  precipitate  are  melted  in  10  hours. 
At  first,  150  to  250  lb.  are  charged  into  a 
retort,  and  after  this  has  melted  down, 
more  is  added.  The  oil  required  is  four 
gallons  per  hour,  equivalent  to  one  gallon 
for  IZVz  lb.  of  precipitate,  including  the 
fuel  required  for  remelting  and  for 
amalgam-gold  melting.  The  time  and 
labor  required  for  cleanup  as  compared 
with  when  coke  melting  was  used,  is  as 
60  to  140  hours.  Now  one  man  and  four 
natives  complete  the  work  in  si.\  days 
where    formerly    14  days  were   required. 

Mechanical  Tricks  In  Melting  Down 

Another  plant  has  an  ingenious  first- 
pour  mold.  A  large  cone  is  keyed  to  the 
ordinary  rectangular  bullion  mold.  After 
the  melt  has  been  poured  and  the  bullion 
has  chilled,  the  keys  are  knocked  out  and 
the  cone  is  toppled  over.  The  still  liquid 
slag  flows  over  the  cement  floor,  cools 
and  is  quickly  gotten  out  of  the  way. 
The  thin  shell  of  this  slag,  containing  a 
few  prills  of  matte  and  bullion,  is  sep- 
arated for  remelting  and  the  top  layer 
of  matte  is  separated  from  the  bar  of 
bullion  which  need  not  be  remelted  un- 
less it  is  necessary  to  make  a  large  bar. 
The  furnace  in  this  plant  has  the  grate 
bars  on  the  sides  so  set  that  they  can  be 
tumbled  out  in  a  moment,  thus  allowing 
the  coke  to  be  easily  poked  down  and 
out  of  the  way  when  it  is  desired  to  get 
the  tongs  in  place. 

It  is  curious  to  speculate  on  the  causes 
of  differences  in  practice  in  this  sup- 
posedly exact  branch  of  science;  perhaps 
eventually  all  such  differences  will  be 
obliterated  and  the  same  perfect  system 
recommended  by  any  engineer  for  given 
conditions.  "^OK  0(M  T0,ONlC/^N 

An  idea  which  wrecks  many  plants  is 
the  one  held  by  a  director  who  thinks  that 
he  has  found,  let  us  say,  a  new  stamp  or 
tube  mill  or  chemical  which  is  better  than 
any  other  and  which  he  insists  upon  hav- 
ing in  his  plant.  This  same  director  in 
the  enthusiasm  of  his  hope  and  expecta- 
tion insists  on  having  the  mill  arranged 
for  indefinite  extension  though,  probably 
the  mine  was  not  planned  along  the  same 
lines.  This  planning  might  not  be  dis- 
advantageous if  the  director  did  not  in- 
sist on  having  a  power  plant  large  enough 
for  the  additional  machinery,  such  dis- 
proportional  power  plant  requiring  the 
burning  of  much  unnecessary  fuel. 

Insufficient  Capitalization  Results  in 
Makeshifts 

It  is  sometimes  the  case  that  only  a 
limited  amount  of  money  is  available  and 


for  this  the  public,  and  not  the  company 
nor  the  directors,  is  to  blame.  In  such 
cases,  initial  cost  is  all  important  s>"<i 
slide-valve  engines  and  belted  transmis- 
sions are  imperative.  Where  possible,  di- 
rect drive  with  motors  is  best,  more  so 
perhaps  in  cyanide  plants  than  in  other 
factories.  This  is  qualified  or  even  de- 
nied by  some  cyaniders,  on  the  ground 
that  the  plant  must  either  run  as  a  whole, 
or  must  be  stopped  as  a  whole.  For  ex- 
ample, stamps,  tube  mills  and  classi- 
fiers must  all  run  when  either  runs. 
Where  every  machine  is  provided  with 
a  motor,  all  difficulties  of  transmis- 
sion are  practically  eliminated  and  in- 
stead of  shifting  belts  or  tightening  them 
or  working  with  clutches,  the  unit  ma- 
chines of  the  plant  are  started  by  the 
simple  twitch  of  a  switch.  In  connection 
v.ith  motor  drives  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  at  the  Roodepoort  plant,  "means  are 
provided  for  taking  motors  by  gantry  or 
crawl  from  any  part  of  the  plant  to  the 
electrical  repair  shop,"  which  is  certainly 
not  saying  much  for  what  is  expected  of 
the  motors. 

Limitations  of  the  Battery  Man  Not 
Realized 

The  problem  of  making  the  value  of 
the  bullion  plus  the  value  of  the  tailing 
agree  with  the  ore  value  as  shown  by  the 
head  sample  keeps  many  men  thinking. 
Certainly  the  ordinary  gold  stamp  mill 
offers  room  for  improvement  in  the  mat- 
ter of  the  division  of  labor  to  this  end. 
Consider  the  battery  man.  Primarily  he 
is  a  mechanic  and  he  must  be  a  strong 
one.  With  him,  good  back  muscles  are  at 
least  as  important  as  brains.  Moreover, 
he  is  a  mechanic  first  and  a  metallurgist 
afterward. 

He  will  neglect  the  plates  any  time  to 
turn  a  stem  or  tighten  a  belt  and  he  must 
do  so  because  he  can  do  only  one  thing 
at  a  time.  The  broken  stem  is  easily  seen 
by  the  foreman  and  will  surely  be  com- 
niented  on,  while  a  loss  of  gold  due  to 
dirty  plates  is  at  worst  a  chance  for  a 
difference  of  opinion  and  is  not  suscepti- 
ble of  absolute  proof.  At  least  in  large 
mills,  why  would  it  not  be  logical  to  put 
the  actual  recovery  and  handling  of  the 
gold  in  the  hands  of  a  man  who  has  time 
for  it,  leaving  the  battery  in  the  efficient 
hands  of  its  present  operators?  Precipi- 
tation should  be  similarly  handled.  The 
shift  man  is  almost  as  much  a  mechanic 
as  is  the  mill  man,  and  his  mechanical 
duties  will  take  precedence  over  the  zinc 
boxes  if  for  nothing  but  appearance  sake. 

A  Bullion  Boss  Needed 
There  should  be  an  officer  of  every 
company  paid  at  least  as  much  as  its 
treasurer  (because  he  must  be  trust- 
worthy with  no  certain  way  of  discover- 
ing whether  or  not  he  is  so)  who  would 
be  called,  let  us  say,  the  bullion  boss  or 
the  gold  gatherer,  to  whom  should  be  de- 
livered the  gold  solutions  and  the  pulp 
for  amalgamation.     Such   a   man   would 


have  his  own  and  no  other  problems  in 
mind  and  would  soon  rise  above  the  cu- 
riously unchanged  processes  we  now  use 
in  getting  gold  from  solution  and  pulp 
into  the  mint,  to  one  like  that  employed  in 
the  mint  for  example,  where  everything 
is  accounted  for  every  day  and  where  no 
unexplained  loss,  whether  mchanical, 
chemical  or  socialistic,  is  permitted  to 
pass  unnoticed. 

Hove  Losses  Occurs 
The  following  instance  is  quoted  as  an 
example  of  absolute  absorption  in  me- 
chanical details,  rather  than  metallurgi- 
cal, on  the  part  of  the  entire  crew  of  a 
large  gold  mill.  During  a  period  of  sev- 
eral years  about  100  lb.  of  quicksilver- 
coated  lumps  of  metal  found  in  the 
monthly  cleanups  had  accumulated.  These 
lumps  had  been  washed  in  quicksilver  as 
found  and  were  then  thrown  into  old 
cleanup  kettles  until  the  quantity  became 
a  nuisance,  The  accumulation  was  re- 
torted to  save  what  little  quicksilver  was 
contained  and  part  of  the  metal  was 
stolen  while  the  mass  was  cooling  out 
in  the  yard.  Then  and  probably  not  until 
then  it  occurred  to  the  mill  superintend- 
ent to  ascertain  if  by  chance  there  might 
be  a  nugget  or  two  of  gold  in  all  that 
"scrap  copper."  The  result  of  his  in- 
vestigation was  the  unexpected  shipment 
of  a  S1500  bar  of  gold-bearing  copper 
bullion.  The  stuff  had  lain  around  the 
mill  and  had  been  kicked  and  dumped 
from  one  place  to  another  by  probably 
50  battery  men  and  helpers.  Such  ma- 
terial if  in  a  gold  laboratory,  would  at 
least  be  out  of  reach  of  wandering  Indi- 
ans and  probably  would  be  recognized  in 
less  than  four  years. 

The  Clancy  Patents 
As  this  goes  to  press  the  Moore  Filter 
Company   announces   that   it   is  ready  to 
contract   for  the  use  of  the  Clancy  pro-       | 
cess.     Enough  has  been  said  regarding  it       1 
to  warrant  the  hope  that  the  process  will 
be   a   valuable   addition   to   the   art,  and 
while  1  decline  to  hazard  a  surmise,  the 
outcome    will    he    awaited    with   unusual 
interest. 


Mint    Investigations 


Washington  Correspondence 


The  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  has  lent  to  the  Bureau  of  the 
Mint  a  special  metallurgical  expert  who 
has  been  detailed  to  examine  the  present 
practice  at  the  assay  offices  and  mints 
with  a  view  to  ascertaining  at  what  points 
improvements  in  method  are  possible.  The 
expert  has  already  visited  two  or  more  of 
the  mints  and  has  made  a  partial  report 
to  Washington  receiving  further  instruc- 
tions at  the  same  time.  It  is  not  true — 
as  stated  in  some  daily  newspapers  —that 
a  complete  reorganization  is  being 
planned;  but  merely  such  changes  in 
technical  procedure  as  are  considered 
necessary. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


859 


Dredging   Conditions  on  the  Seward  Peninsula 

Region  Notable  for  General  Distribution  of  Gold.     Six   Uptodate  and 
Many  Freak  Dredges  Operating;   New  Ones  Are  Now  Being  Installed 


B    Y 


B. 


M     A    S     S     E    Y,     II* 


To  one  who  is  more  or  less  familiar 
with  present  dredging  conditions,  in  the 
United  States  and  New  Zealand,  the 
study  of  the  Seward  peninsula  brings 
many  surprises.  Greatest  of  all  is  the 
general  distribution  of  the  gold,  which  is 
almost  beyond  comprehension.  It  seems 
to  be  impossible  to  go  down  to  bed  rock 
and  into  bed  rock  anywhere  without  find- 
ing at  least  a  trace  of  gold. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  country  has 
been  subject  to  upheavals  and  submer- 
sions and   this,  together   with   the   action 


much  coarse  heavy  gold  which  is  sharp 
and  angular  and  has  apparently  moved 
very  little  if  any  in  a  horizontal  direction. 
The  concentration  of  the  gold  in  this 
blanket  is  effected  by  the  wave  action  of 
the  beaches  and  by  the  running  water  of 
the  streams  and,  in  either  case,  the  pay 
streak  has  well  defined  limits  in  breadth 
.and  thickness.  There  is  practically  no 
gold  until  one  gets  down  within  two  or 
three  feet  of  bed  rock.  The  pay  will  usu- 
ally also  extend  into  bed  rock  a  foot  or 
two.     In  the  rivers  the  pay  streak  may  be 


ter  (4)  and,  somewhat  larger,  Ophir  (80) 
creeks.  The  figures  given  in  parentheses 
are  in  each  case  the  area  in  square  miles 
of  the  creek's  watershed  above  the  rich 
v.orkings.  Ordinarily  the  upper  part  of 
the  creeks  is  better  than  the  down-stream 
end.  Where  the  creeks  widen  out  into 
the  river  plains  the  pay  streaks  seems 
to  give  way  to  more  general  horizontal 
distribution.  It  is  also  rare  to  find  ground 
where  the  gold  is  distributed  from  the 
grass  roots  down  to  bed  rock.  If  this 
were  not  the  case,  deep  ground  would  be 


^'iii^ii 

^'■^ 

fcjj^.t^AsL'tt^ 

rFrSP 

mI 

H 

Ik 

-_^v^ 

pi 

?r, 


t 


m.\^ 


'ST' 


-t^. 


UPHEAV.'iL  OF  Tundra  Due  to  Freezing 


Growth  of  Willows,  Indicating  Dredceable  Ground 


Nome  Mining  Company's  Dredge  on  Bourbon  Creek, 
Nome  District,  Alaska 


Wonder  Creek  Dredge  with  Canvas  Hood  on  Tailings 
Stacker  as  Protection  against  Cold  Winds 


of  the  frost,  seems  to  have  been  the  cause 
of  the  erosion  of  a  considerable  layer  of 
ground  which  existed  above  the  present 
surface.  This  layer  contained  quartz 
stringers  carrying  gold.  The  light  ma- 
terial weathered  more  than  the  heavy  and 
consequently  the  gold  washed  its  way 
down  to  and  i-^to  the  crevices  of  that 
layer  of  rock  which  escaped  the  general 
erosion  going  on  above  it.  This  would 
account  for  the  absence  of  quartz  veins 
ol  any  size  and  yet  for  the  finding  of  so 

•KnL'llUMT.    ."II   Cluiri'li   stri'ot.    New    Viirk. 


likened  to  a  submerged  or  buried  stream 
ihe  course  of  which  Conforms  more  or 
less  to  the  present  river  channel.  The 
concentration  found  on  the  benches  was 
simply  stream  concentration  which  went 
on  before  the  stream  had  cut  down  to  the 
lower  level. 

Best   Dredging   Ground   Usually   in 
Small  Creeks 

It  is  usually  the  case  that  the  best 
ground  has  been  found  in  the  small  short 
creeks  or  gulches.  Among  these  are 
Daniels   (2),  Iron    (401,  Anvil    (51,   Dex- 


ro  objection  to  dredging,  but  under  the 
conditions  that  exist,  the  larger  the 
amount  of  material  which  has  to  be  re- 
moved before  reaching  the  pay  gravel  the 
greater  the  amount  of  unreniunerative 
work.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  ground 
is  shallow,  but  deep  enough  to  always 
give  flotation  for  a  dredge,  the  greatest 
yardage  of  pay  dirt  can  be  handled  per 
season  at  the  minimum  of  expense. 

The  term  "per  square  foot  of  bed  rock" 
in  estimating  the  value  of  gravel  deposits 
was  originated  to  give  a  basis  of  esti- 
mation that  would  take  into  consideration 


860 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


the  concentration  of  the  pay  streak.  It 
is  obviously  better  to  have  the  bed  rock 
as  near  the  surface  as  will  permit  opera- 
tion. Some  of  the  ground  on  the  Solomon 
river  is  so  shallow  that  flotation  for  the 
dredge  can  only  be  obtained  by  putting 
in  dams  or  by  digging  deeper  into  bed 
rock  than 'necessary  to  obtain  all  the  gold. 
Both  of  these  methods  of  obtaining  depth 
of  water  are,  of  course,  expensive. 

Generally  Impossibi  e  to  Dredge 
Steam-thawed  Ground  at  a 
Profit 
The  bed  rock  encountered  thus  far  by 
dredges  on  the  Seward  peninsula  has  been 
either  a  soft  schist,  which  a  good  dredge 
will  dig  easily,  or  hard  limestone,  which 
some  of  the  dredges  in  use  can  only 
scratch  on  the  surface  and  which  only 
one  dredge  can  excavate  to  a  sufficient 
extent  (usually  a  foot  or  foot  and  a  half 
is  necessary  to  recover  the  gold  in  the 
crevices).  Wherever  the  limestone  is  the 
bed  rock  a  large  percentage  of  the  gold 
is  in  the  limestone.  With  the  schist,  this 
is  not  the  case  to  such  a  large  degree. 


sLila  is  frozen  down  to  bed  rock. 
The  exceptions  to  this  general  rule  are 
the  areas  which  are  covered  with  a  heavy 
growth  of  willows  and  the  present  river 
and  creek  beds  where  the  tundra  has 
been  washed  away  and  left  the  gravel  ex- 
posed to  the  sun  and  the  running  water. 
There  are  also  some  areas  of  thawed 
ground  under  the  tundra  where  water  is 
found  running  through  the  gravel  below 
the  surface.  It  is  absolutely  out  of  the 
question  to  dig  frozen  ground  with  a 
dredge  and,  on  the  Seward  peninsula,  im- 
practicable to  thaw  ahead  of  the  dredge 
v.ith  steam  as  the  grade  of  the  dirt  is  not 
high  enough  to  stand  the  expense.  In 
dredging  some  of  the  thawed  ground, 
dikes  or  knobs  of  frozen  ground  are 
sometimes  encountered  and  no  dredge 
should  be  installed  which  has  not  strength 
and  weight  enough  to  meet  such  condi- 
tions. 

Inland  Transportation   Facilities   Ex- 
tremely Bad 
Transportation  is  not  quite  so  serious  a 
problem  as  in  other  parts  of  Alaska  and 


is  impossible  to  keep  the  roadbed  in  any 
kind  of  repair  and  wrecks  are  frequent. 
In  the  spring  it  is  necessary  to  wait  for 
the  snow  banks  to  melt,  and  the  damage 
to  th6  track  during  the  break-up  has  to 
be  repaired  before  trains  can  be  run. 

This  season  it  was  expected  that  trains 
could  be  run  through  to  the  landing  about 
Aug.  1.  Up  to  July  12,  travel  along  the 
route  of  the  road  was  limited  to  walking 
with  a  pack  on  one's  back.  Riding  horse- 
back or  driving  a  team  was  entirely  out 
of  the  question  on  account  of  the  great 
stretches — 20  miles  in  places — of  deep, 
soft,  snow  banks.  The  only  part  of  the 
railroad  in  operation  was  from  Nome 
along  the  Pay  Streak  branch,  a  distance 
of  about  eight  or  10  miles,  and  all  traffic 
was  being  handled  by  a  gasolene  motor 
car  with  a  trailing  flat  car. 

Other  Two  Railroads  Only  Total  13 
Miles 
The  railroad  of  second  importance  is 
the  Council  City  &  Solomon  River  line, 
and  it  is  about  as  likely  to  reach  Council 
City  as  the  Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orierit 


Dredging  Area,  Nome  District 


Tha  EnginctriuQ  ^  ^hntn'j  Journal 

Dredging  Area,  Council  District,  Alaska 


As  a  rule  the  wash  is  fine  and  partly 
rounded  by  the  action  of  water.  There  is 
a  large  proportion  of  quartz  pebbles  and 
float,  the  rest  being  schist,  limestone  and 
gianite.  It  is  very  seldom  that  a  boulder 
more  than  the  size  of  a  man's  head  is 
encountered.  The  gravel  washes  easily. 
The  gold  is  mostly  coarse,  with  a  good 
percentage  of  nuggets  and  on  some  of  the 
diedges  no  quicksilver  is  used. 

The  years  1908  and  1909  were  very 
dry,  making  entirely  useless  the  big  ditch 
systems  which  had  been  put  in  at  enor- 
mous expense.  This  had  the  effect  of 
turning  attention  to  dredging  as  there  was 
plenty  of  water  in  the  beds  of  the  creeks 
and  rivers  to  float  dredges  and  provide 
rufRcient  water  for  washing.  It  is  this 
subsurface  water  seeping  through  the 
gravels  which  has  prevented  work  in  the 
stream  beds  by  other  means  than  dredges. 
This  season  has  been  about  four  to  six 
weeks  behind  the  usual  season  and  there 
has  been  plenty  of  water  for  ditches  and 
hydraulicking. 

Most    of    the    ground    on    the    penin- 


the  Yukon  Territory  on  account  of  the 
ease  with  which  material  may  be  brought 
to  the  coast  towns  by  freight  steamers 
from  Seattle.  The  regular  steamers  have 
the  same  rate  for  Nome  and  Solomon  but 
special  arrangements  have  to  be  made  for 
such  points  as  Sinrock,  Teller,  Candle 
and  Chinik.  The  troubles  begin  when 
the  material  is  landed  on  the  beach  at  any 
of  these  points.  The  transportation  facil- 
ities are  conspicuous  by  their  absence. 
There  are  three  railroads,  the  Seward 
Peninsula,  the  Council  City  &  Solomon 
River  Railroad  and  the  Wild  Goose  line. 

Roadbed  of  Seward  Peninsula  Line  in 
Execrable  Shape 

The  Seward  Peninsula  Railroad  runs 
from  Nome  to  Lane's  landing,  now  called 
Shelton,  a  distance  of  80  miles,  with  a 
b'anch  known  as  the  Pay  Streak  branch 
which  follows  along  the  third  beach  line. 
It  has  a  3-ft.  gage  and  was  built  over 
the  surface  of  the  tundra  and  along  the 
slopes  of  the  river  valleys  with  the  mini- 
mum amount  of  grading  and  trestles.     It 


is  to  reach  the  Orient.  The  gage  is 
standard.  The  Solomon  terminal  is  at 
Dickson,  across  the  Solomon  river  from 
Solomon.  In  ordinary  weather  conditions 
it  is  possible  to  run  the  lighters  from 
the  steamer,  in  over  the  bar  and  through 
the  channel  the  river  has  cut  through  the 
exposed  sand  bar  which  runs  for  25 
miles  along  the  cost.  On  the  inside  of 
this  bar  the  lighters  are  moored  alongside 
of  a  derrick  which  puts  the  material  di- 
rectly on  the  cars. 

A  large  part  of  the  money  sent  to  build 
the  road  was  expended  in  a  hotel,  store, 
warehouses,  etc.,  at  Dickson.  The  hotel 
and  store  are  empty  and  the  warehouses 
practically  so.  It  is  reported  that  the 
contractors'  profit  in  building  the  roal 
was  a  certain  amount  per  day  per  man 
employed.  There  was  no  provision  for 
teams  or  machinery  in  the  contract,  so 
everything  was  done  by  hand  and  the 
more  men  the  more  profit.  As  a  result, 
the  road  only  reached  Goose  creek,  on 
the  Casadapaga,  and  has  only  been  in 
use  to  East  fork,  a  distance  of  about  13 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


861 


miles.  The  road  is  now  in  the  hands  of 
receivers  and  General  Manager  Gedney 
is  giving  efficient  service,  considering  the 
almost  ipipossible  condition  of  the  road- 
bed. The  dredging  companies  bringing 
dredges  into  Solomon  river  this  spring 
had  to  put  their  own  gangs  at  work  shov- 
eling snow  before  the  road  could  be  used 
at  all.  This  is  mentioned  merely  to  indi- 
cate one  of  the  contingencies  which  may 
arise.  The  freight  rate  is  roughly  about 
a  dollar  per  ton  per  mile.  The  only 
other  railroad  is  the  Wild  Goose,  which 
runs  from  Council  up  to  Ophir  creek. 
This  is  narrow  gage  and  has  a  total 
length  of  five  miles. 

llghter.\ge,  rlver  transportation  and 

Teaming  Greatly  Increase  Freight 

Rates 

Although  the  mail  and  passengers  are 
carried  to  Council  from  East  fork  by  the 
stage,   all    freight   comes   via   Chinik,   on 


ma.ximum  sled  load  is  3'A  tons.  The 
total  freight  from  Seattle  is.  therefore, 
about  $51.25,  subject  to  considerable  var- 
iation, depending  upon  quantities.  It  is 
not  only  a  problem  to  get  dredging  ma- 
chinery to  inland  points,  but  also  to  haul 
in  the  fuel  for  the  operation  of  the  dredge. 

Wagon   Transportation    Practically 
Limited  to  Winter  Season 

There  are  a  few  fair  wagon  roads  over 
the  tundra,  extending  back  for  a  few 
miles  from  Nome.  These  are  built  by 
laying  strips  of  bagging  material  about  10 
ft  wide  on  top  of  the  tundra  and  then 
spreading  a  layer  of  beach  gravel  or 
gravel  from  the  mine  dumps  over  the 
bagging.  Wherever  it  is  possible,  the 
roads  run  in  the  creek  and  river  beds 
keeping  along  the  gravel  bars  and  ford- 
ing from  side  to  side  several  times  in  a 
mile.  Of  course,  there  is  much 
time    during     the    spring    flood     season. 


1 

^^^^ 

■^iJStai^taJ^H 

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*/       -^-^^B^^^M 

^^1 

n 

■I 

Thawing  in  Front  of  Nome-Montana-New  Mexico  Dredge,  Alaska 


Golofnin  bay.  where  the  steamer  loads 
into  lighters,  which  are  towed  up  to 
White  mountain,  on  the  Fish  river.  Here 
it  is  transferred  to  "horse"  boats  and 
hauled  to  Council.  These  horse  boats  are 
about  60  ft.  long,  8  ft.  beam  and  2  ft. 
deep.  From  two  to  eight  tons  can  be 
carried  on  a  draught  of  from  six  inches 
to  a  foot.  They  are  hauled  by  horses 
and   steered   by  poles  on  the  boat. 

The  freight  for  the  Kougarok  country 
is  lightered  from  the  steamer,  usually  a 
tramp,  from  Teller.  With  the  supply  of 
lighters  available,  all  the  material  must 
be  put  on  the  beach  until  the  steamer 
is  unloaded.  The  freight  is  then  loaded 
again  on  the  lighters  and  towed  to 
Davidson's  landing  by  river  steamers. 
Here  it  is  piled  up  and  left 
until  the  "freeze  up,"  when  it  is 
hauled  by  team  and  sleigh  to  the  Kouga- 
rok region.  The  rates  for  packages  of 
2000  lb.  and  under  are  about  as  follows 
per  ton:  Seattle  to  Teller,  SI2;  lighter- 
age, S2.25;  river  transportation  to  David- 
son's landing  (Whittard  &  Barnett.  own- 
ers of  steamers),  S7;  teaming,  $30.    The 


when   fording  is  out  of  the  question  and 
all  teaming  is  stopped. 

Aside  from  the  railroads  and  the  roads, 
everything  is  covered  with  tundra.  This 
docs  not  sound  serious  to  one  who  has 
never  known  the  tundra,  but  a  few  hours 
of  experience  with  it  is  enough.  It  is 
just  plain,  ordinary  swamp  land,  with  its 
pools  of  water  and  hummocks  of  rank 
grass.  Under  the  grass  roots  is  a  black 
peaty  silt,  which  freezes  in  winter  to  a 
depth  of  three  or  four  feet  w-here  the 
lower  ground  is  thawed,  forming  what  are 
called  glaciers.  In  the  early  summer  the 
thawing  starts  from  *^he  top.  In  the 
early  stages  you  walk  along  in  pools  of 
water  six  or  eight  inches  deep  with  ice  on 
the  bottom.  Later  this  ice  thaws  further 
down  and  by  mid-summer  it  is  just  a 
pasty,  sticky  bed  of  moist  peat  several 
feet  deep.  A  team  can,  with  great  diffi- 
'^ulty,  struggle  over  this  with  a  very  light 
load,  the  wheels  sinking  in  to  the  hub 
and  the  horses  practically  mired  at  every 
step.  The  next  team  has  to  go  in  a  dif- 
ferent place  or  be  hopelessly  mired  at  the 
start.     To  sum  up  the  situation,  it  is  out 


of  the  question  to  haul  any  heavy  dredg- 
ing material  over  the  tundra  in  summer. 
Of  course,  conditions  are  entirely 
changed  in  winter.  Then  theiceontheriv- 
ers  forms  a  perfect  road  for  heavy  team- 
ing and  tremendous  loads  can  be  handled. 
About  Nome,  and  in  other  places  where 
winter  traffic  is  considered,  the  "built" 
roads  over  the  tundra  are  kept  packed 
down  hard  so  that  freight  is  easily 
liandled  by  teams.  Outside  of  these 
beaten  paths,  all  freighting  is  done  with 
dog  teams,  as  the  dogs  can  operate  on 
a  crust  on  the  snow  which  will  not  sup- 
port a  team  of  horses. 

First    Boats    Reach    Behring    Sea    In 
June. 

As  a  rule,  the  first  boats  leave  Seattle 
during  the  first  week  of  June  so  as  to 
reach  Behring  sea  on  or  after  June  9  as 
the  insurance  companies  will  not  insure 
before  that  date  on  account  of  the  danger 
from  the  ice.  There  are  two  companies 
running  passenger  and  freight  boats  to 
Nome,  the  Pacific  Coast  and  Alaska 
Steamship  companies,  both  with  offices 
in  Seattle.  The  passenger  boats  make 
the  round  trip  in  a  little  less  than  a 
month,  making  five  trips  during  the  sea- 
son. In  obtaining  freight  rates,  light- 
erage charges  should  be  included.  It 
should  be  remembered  that  the  steamers 
have  to  anchor  in  the  open  sea  and  that 
often  for  days  at  a  time  it  is  too  rough 
to  do  any  lightering.  This  season  the  ice 
kept  moving  along  the  coast  and  on  June 
27  the  ice  came  in  solid  in  front  of  Nome 
as  far  as  the  eye  could  see.  This  is  un- 
usual, of  course,  but  the  Esquimaux  tell 
of  one  year  when  the  roadstead  was 
clear  for  only  one  week  in  the  whole 
season.  Anyone  bringing  up  a  gang  of 
men  under  contract  to  pay  them  for 
every  day  whether  they  work  or  not  is 
apt  to  have  his  disposition  ruined  before 
he  gets  started.  It  is  possible  to  obtain 
plenty  of  laborers  around  the  towns,  but 
all  carpenters,  calkers,  blacksiniths  and 
machinists  should  be  brought  in  from 
the  States.  Usually  transportation  both 
ways  is  allowed,  provided  the  man  works 
for   two    months. 

The  boats  reach  Nome  June  12  to  15 
and,  as  there  are  usually  repairs  to  be 
made,  it  is  hardly  possible  to  count  on 
getting  dredging  operations  started  much 
before  June  22  or  23,  About  the  same 
time  in  October  it  is  necessary  to  shut 
down,  if  the  crews  are  going  outside. 
This  leaves  a  dredging  season  of  four 
months. 

Only  Two  Dredges  on  Seward  Penin- 
sula Operated  by  Electricity 

On  the  Seward  peninsula  there  are  at 
present  two  dredges  run  by  electricity 
generated  at  a  central  power  station,  one 
operated  by  steam  with  wood  for  fuel, 
two  steam  dredges  using  coal,  one  steam 
dredge  using  crude  oil  and  several  little 
ones    using    gasolene    engines.      Several 


862 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


more  gasolene  engine-driven  dredges  are 
now  in  process  of  construction.  Their 
behavior  will  be  watched  with  interest. 
The  objection  to  the  use  of  coal  is  its 
great  initial  cost,  $16,  laid  down  on  the 
beach  and  the  heavy  expense  of  hauling 
and  putting  it  aboard  the  dredge.  Crude 
oil  has  a  way  of  getting  smeared  all  over 
the  dredge  and  pond  preventing  the 
quicksilver  from  taking  up  the  gold. 
Much  fine  gold  is  lost  in  this  way.  The 
gasolene  engines  are  started  with  gaso- 
lene, but  operated  on  a  heavier  oil  called 
No.  1  distillate.  The  objection  is  the 
deserved  mistrust  of  gasolene  engines  as 
to  their  continuity  of  action  and  also  the 
hard  service  on  the  clutches  and  the  dif- 


in.  They  pour  at  uncertain  intervals  of 
a  week  or  two,  and  therefore  cannot  be 
depended  upon  for  a  rush  job  in  iron. 
They  are  also  equipped  for  casting  brass 
and  have  what  they  call  a  bronze  at  60c. 
per  lb.  The  charges  at  the  machine 
shops  are  very  high  and  it  is  wise  for  a 
dredging  company  to  have  a  good  stock 
of  dredge  repairs  always  on  hand  and  a 
good  blacksmith  in  the  outfit.  A  very 
large  stock  of  heavy  hardware  is  kept 
on  hand  by  one  of  the  big  hardware 
stores  in  Nome.  This  includes  pipe  and 
fittings  up  to  large  sizes. 

A  dredging  association  has  been 
formed  by  those  dredgemen  who  have  not 
yet    had    experience    enough    in   practical 


told  them  that  "a  Swede  and  an  Italian 
made  wages  on  it  shoveling  in."  This 
straightway  becomes,  in  their  eyes,  a 
dredging  undertaking  for  which  they  wish 
to  receive  10  or  25  per  cent,  in  a  ridicu- 
lously short  time  and  the  balance  in  cash 
a  few  months  later.  The  sooner  these 
people  can  get  down  to  a  reasonable  and 
a  business  basis  in  endeavoring  to  get 
capital  interested  the  more  chance  there 
will  be  of  securing  the  backing  of  the 
proper  class  of  people  and  getting  dredg- 
ing operations  started. 

Much  the  best  method  would  be  as  fol- 
lows: The  owner  of  the  property  should 
drill  it  and  get  some  definite  data  as  to 
depth,    gold    content    and    the    extent    of 


Building  Site  of  the  Solomon  Company's  DREn(,t     Cm  n- 
c:l  City  .^^nd  SolojMon  River  Railroad  Alongside 


SiVERTSON  Dredge  on  Solomon  River — A  Type  of  Small 
Dredge  in  Alaska 


Pearson  Dredge  of  No.me-Montana- 
New  Mexico  Mining  Company 


Three  Friends  Dredge  on  Solomon 
River,  Alaska 


ficulty    of    securing    the    required    speed 
variation. 

The  hulls  are  invariably  of  Oregon  fir, 
the  timbers  usually  being  framed  up  as 
far  as  practicable  at  Seattle  so  as  to  re- 
duce the  freight.  This  is  fine  timber  and 
can  be  had  for  S20  per  thousand.  It  is 
suitable  in  every  way  except,  perhaps, 
its  tendency  to  splinter  on  the  corners 
when  compared  with  southern  long-leaf 
pine.  The  fir  is  a  lighter  wood  and  has 
less  pitch  than  the  pine.  It  can  be  had 
almost  any  length  and  size,  but  the  freight 
schedule  of  .S15.50  per  thousand  board 
feet  increases  for  lengths  above  40  feet. 

Dredges    Should    Be    Well    Provided 
WITH  Spare  Parts 

There  are  three  or  four  small  machine 
shops  in  Nome  and  one  small  foundry 
witil  a  cupola,  which   lines   up   about   22 


dredging  to  accurately  diagnose  the  situ- 
tion.  Its  object  is  to  decide  upon  certain 
wire  rope,  valves  and  other  fittings  and 
adopt  them  as  standard,  having  a  stock 
in  Nome.  As  there  are  not  as  yet  any 
two  dredges  on  the  peninsula  which  in 
the  least  resemble  each  other  as  to  de- 
sign and  size,  it  is  difficult  to  believe  that 
the  association  will  be  able  to  accomplish 
much   in  the  way  of  standardizing  parts. 

Dredging   Property   Held  at   Inflated 
Values 

There  are  a  few  cautious  souls  on  the 
peninsula  who  are  still  "from  Missouri" 
on  the  question  of  dredging  becoming 
general  on  the  peninsula.  But  almost 
everyone  else  feels  absolutely  sure  that 
any  and  all  ground  can  be  dredged.  They 
talk  glibly  of  ground  SO  ft.  deep,  they 
"think    it   is    thawed"    and    someone    has 


thawed  ground.  He  should  have  it  sur- 
veyed and  an  abstract  of  the  title  and  a 
record  of  assessment  work  performed. 
He  is  then  in  a  position  to  interest  capi- 
tal and,  after  looking  up  carefully  the 
rating  and  reputation  of  the  proposed 
lessee,  should  give  a  lease  for  25  years, 
allowing  the  lessee  a  full  season  for 
drilling  (receiving  a  copy  of  the  drill 
sheet),  and  exacting  that  a  first-class 
dredge  be  put  on  as  soon  thereafter  as 
practicable,  depending  upon  deliveries 
possible  to  be  made  from  the  dredge- 
building  shops.  The  royalty  demanded 
should  be  on  a  sliding  scale;  10  per  cent, 
of  the  gross  vield  of  the  dredge  if  the 
ground  runs  under  40c.  per  cu.yd.;  15  per 
cent,  of  the  excess  over  40c.  and  up  to 
50c.  and  25  per  cent,  of  the  excess  over 
50c.  There  should  also  be  an  option  to 
buy  at   a  certain   amount,   this   option  tO 


October  29,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


863 


be  exercised  not  later  than  six  months 
?fter  completion  of  the  drilling  by  the 
lessee. 

Climate   Healthful   :n    Spite  of   Dis- 
comforts Encountered 

Arthur  Gibson,  special  observer  of  the 


only  for  the  hours  they  work  and  they 
provide  their  own  transportation  to  and 
from  the  States.  A  watchman  could  be 
had  to  look  after  the  dredge  during  the 
winter  for  $3  a  day.  The  dredgemen  in 
California  welcome  the  opportunity  to 
get  away   from  the   heat  and   malaria   of 


\0.\IE  WEATHER  D.\T.\  FOR  SE.\SON8.  l<107-08-09. 


.Maxiiimm  degrees  Fahrenheit. 

Miniiiiutii 

.Mean  niaxiinuin 

.\Iean  inininiuni 

.\Iean 

PrevailinE  wind 

Wind  velocit.v.  average  miles. 

.Ma.xiinum 

Precipit.ition,  inches 

Snow,  inches 


JCLY. 


1907  1908  1909 


66 
34 
56 
44 
50 
.SW 


2.08 
0 


40 

57 

45 

51 

SW 

8 

29 

2.10 

0 


70 
34 
60 
45 

53 

SW 

7 

27 

0.82 

0 


.\UGr.ST. 


1907  1908  1909 


69 
30 
56 
44 
50 
Al.l. 


2  68 
0- 


60 

32 

52 

42 

47 

SW 

8 

28 
2  92 
"6" 


70 
30 

43 
50 
SW 
6 
34 
1  66 
0 


hErTEMBEH. 


1907  1908  1909 


29 
16 
36 
41 
All 


1    41 
0 


0.52 
1 


61 
20 
47 
34 
40 
N 

3 

21 

0.96 

0 


October. 


1907  1908  1909 


0   16 

0 


45 
1 
32 
21 
26 
\E 

29 

1    13 

10 


37 

13 

32 

23 

2S 

.\ 
7 

29 
1   45 
1.5 


U.  S.  Weather  Bureau,  at  Nome,  kindly 
furnished  data  shown  in  an  accompany- 
ing tabulation  on  the  weather  for  the  sea- 
sons of  1907,  1908  and  1909.  This  indi- 
cates that  July  is  a  trifle  the  warmest 
month,  that  August  is  the  wettest  and 
that  there  is  apt  to  be  some  snow  in 
October.  The  prevailing  winds  during 
September  and  October  are  southwest 
and  during  September  and  October  north. 
The  mosquitos  are  a  pest  for  about  three 
weeks  during  the  last  two  weeks  in  June 
and  the  first  week  in  July.  As  stated 
the  dredging  season  lasts  about  four 
months. 

It  is  absolutely  necessary  to  have  a 
pair  of  wading  boots  enough  larger  than 
the  foot  to  allow  of  very  heavy  woolen 
or  grass  socks  or  folded  burlap.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  everyone  goes  equipped 
with  shoe-packs  which  have  rubber  bot- 
toms and  leather  tops  or  the  usual  leather 
boot  reaching  half  way  to  the  knee. 
Heavy  woolen  socks,  heavy  woolen  un- 
derwear, flannel  shirt,  Kahki  suit  (water- 
proof if  possible),  felt  hat  and  slicker, 
make  up  the  best  outfit,  without  which 
one  is  at  a  disadvantage  at  all  times. 
The  slicker  is  particularly  desirable  as  it 
keeps  out  both  wind  and  rain.  The  shoe- 
pack  is  the  best  for  "mushing"  over  the 
tundra,  as  they  do  not  twist  the  ankles 
as  do  leather  boots  among  the  yielding, 
bending  "niggerheads."  The  climate  is 
quite  healthy  and  a  good  appetite  and 
sound  sleep  are  the  rule.  Almost  every- 
one gains  weight.  During  most  of  the 
dredging  season  it  is  light  enough  all  of 
the  24  hours  of  the  day  so  as  to  require 
very  little  artificial  light. 

Wages  vary  on  different  dredges,  but 
there  is  no  reason  why  one  could  not 
obtain  a  good  crew  at  S5  a  day  for  winch- 
man.  :^4  for  oilers  and  .S3. 50  to  S4  a  day 
for  firemen,  working  eight  hours  a  day 
and  being  boarded  and  given  lodging. 
Each  man  provides  his  own  bedding. 
Board  will  cost  the  operator  about  SI. 25 
a  day  per  man  if  given  proper  attention. 
This  includes  the  supplies  and  the  wages 
of  a  cook  at  S5  a  day.    The  men  are  paid 


The  Kniiincerinf!  i  Miiiiiit,  Jnumot 

Dredging  Area,  Solo.mon  River,  Alaska 

a      summer      in      the      dredging      fields 
there. 

Only  Six  Dredges  of  Any  Size  on  the 
Peninsula 

Of  all  the  dredges  and  "near-dredges" 
on  the  Seward  peninsula  there  arc  only 
six  which  either  represent  any  amount 
of  capital  invested  or  any  real  effort  to 
extract  gold  from  the  ground.  These  are, 
with  the  dates  of  starting  operations: 
The  Blue  Goose,  on  Ophir  creek  (1905), 
the  Three  Friends,  on  the  Solomon  river 
(1905),  the  Bourbon  creek  (1907),  the 
Nome-Montana-New  Mexico  (1908),  the 
Wonder  Creek  (1909)  and  the  Dry  Creek 
dredge,  (1909). 

The  Blue  Goose  dredge  is  at  work  on 
the  lower  part  of  Ophir  creek  in  the 
Council  country.  It  has  been  quite 
steadily  at  work  since  1905.     The  dredge 


has  5-cu.ft.  open-connected  buckets  and 
is  operated  by  steam,  the  fuel  being  wood. 
This  is  one  of  the  few  regions  on  the 
Peninsula  where  there  is  a  growth  of 
small  timber.  The  machine  has  really 
been  rebuilt  so  thoroughly  as  to  be  quite 
an  efficient  machine,  considering  what  it 
was  in  the  beginning,  Gilbert  H.  Rus- 
sell is  in  charge  of  the  operation.  The 
screens  arc  shaking  and  the  unusual  fea- 
ture of  the  machine  is  that  a  riffled  sluice 
is  interposed  between  the  hopper  and  the 
screen.  This  insures  the  saving  of  nug 
gets  and  also  saves  most  of  the  fine 
gold.  This  dredge  was  put  into  com- 
mission this  season,  on  June  5.  The  own- 
ners  are  the  Blue  Goose  Mining  Com- 
pany, Jafet   Lindaberg,   president. 

Three    Friends    Dredge    and    Manage- 
ment OF  Highest  Class 

The  Three  Friends  Mining  Company's 
dredge  is  at  work  in  the  Solomon  river, 
na'f  way  between  Shovel  and  Penny 
creeks.  The  dredge  was  erected  just 
above  the  mouth  of  Quartz  creek  and 
has  been  steadily  working  up  stream,  in 
some  places  taking  three  cuts,  during  the 
five  successful  seasons  it  has  been  in 
operation.  It  is  now  on  No.  11.  b;low 
discovery,  and  will  probably  reach  the 
upper  end  of  No.  8  below  and  turn  by 
fall.  This  is  by  far  the  most  successful 
dredging  enterprise  on  the  peninsula 
from  the  points  of  area  of  thawed  ground 
(4000  acres),  thorough  and  reliable  pros- 
pecting of  the  ground  worked  over,  free- 
dom from  delays  and  ability  of  the 
dredge  to  dig  into  the  hard  limestone  bed 
rock  when  encountered. 

The  Three  Friends  dredge  machinery  is 
Bucyrus,  the  buckets  having  a  capacity 
of  5  cu.ft,,  and  being  close  connected. 
The  maximum  depth  dug  so  far  is  23  ft., 
the  average  from  12  to  14  ft.  A  consid- 
erable amount  of  limestone  bed  rock, 
containing  much  gold  has  been  dug,  hold- 
ing the  monthly  yardage  down  to  about 
75,000  cu.yd.  The  yield  of  gold  per 
month  is  much  greater  than  would  be  the 
case  if  the  hard  bed  rock  were  left  and 
more  gravel  handled.  The  buckets  weigh 
about  1300  lb.  each  and  have  manganese- 
steel  lips  2x12  in.  in  section.  Steam  is 
used,  with  coal  for  fuel.  The  machinery 
and  hull  are  kept  in  fine  repair  and  are 
practically  as  good  as  new.  All  of  the 
newest  and  best  ideas  were  incorporated 
in  building.  A,  J,  Condee  is  general 
manager.  Dredging  commenced  on  July 
5  of  this  year,  after  putting  on  a  new 
bucket  line, 

Bourbon  Creek  Dredge  of  Poor  Design 
and  Construction 

The  Bourbon  Creek  dredge  is  owned 
by  the  Nome  Mining  Company,  now  con- 
trolled by  English  capital;  Col.  Stewart 
Weatherly  is  president.  The  same  com- 
pany owns  and  operates  two  electric 
plants  and  various  other  public  utilities 
in    Nome.      The   dredge    is   on    Bourbon 


864 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Snake  river, 
and  about  a  mile  above  their  junction. 
The  enterprise  is  one  that  may  be  said  to 
have  been  unfortunate — if  one  feels  char- 
itably inclined  toward    the    management. 

The  buckets  are  close  connected  and 
have  a  capacity  of  9  cu.ft.  Each  one 
weighs  3500  lb.,  and  they  are  of  the 
crudest  shape,  with  square  corners  re- 
lieved only  by  a  fillet  of  small  radius. 
This  results  in  concentrating  the  wear  on 
these  corners  when  pulling  across  the 
cut  and  also  gives  a  perfectly  flat  unsup- 
ported lip  3  ft.  long  to  pull  through  bed 
rock.  The  metal  is  simply  thrown  into  it 
in  the  most  reckless  fashion.  The  pitch 
length  of  the  bucket  is  much  less  than  the 
distance  from  the  back  of  the  bucket  to 
the  extreme  edge  of  the  lip. 

The  upper  tumbler  is  a  solid  mangan- 
ese casting  which  will  have  to  be  scrapped 
entire  when  it  wears,  the  screen  is  at  the 
wrong  slope,  revolves  too  fast  and  has  a 
bad  distribution  of  the  holes  and  the 
main-drive  motor  is  perched  on  the  main 
gauntree.  It  is  impossible  to  take  care  of 
all  the  loose  material  the  buckets  will 
bring  up.  The  hull  is  weak  and  light. 
If  the  buckets  were  thrown  out  on  the 
bank  and  new  lighter  ones  installed,  mat- 
ters would  be  much  improved  and  a  bet- 
ter output  assured.  This  season  the 
diedge  started  about  July  1  and  has 
worked  along  fitfully  since  then.  Frank 
Woods,  former  dredgemaster  of  the 
Three  Friends  dredge,  has  been  put  in 
charge  and  the  dredge  has  a  good  chance 
this  season  for  a  successful  run. 

Only  40  Acres  of  Dredging  Ground  on 
Solomon  River 

The  Nome-Montana-New  Mexico  Min- 
ing Company  has  a  5-ft.,  open-connected 
Risdon  dredge  at  work  on  Claims  12  and 
13  below  discovery  on  Solomon  river  at 
the  mouth  of  Shovel  creek.  This  dredge 
was  originally  installed  at  Hope  on  Cook 
inlet  and  was  dismantled  to  bring  up  to 
the  Peninsula.  The  power  is  steam,  coal 
being  used  for  fuel.  The  area  of  dredg- 
ing ground  in  the  Solomon  river  is  less 
than  40  acres.  It  is.  however,  very  good 
ground.  There  is  also  some  up  Shovel 
creek. 

The  dredge  is  somewhat  handicapped  in 
it?  incapability  to  dig  the  hard  limestone 
bed  rock.  A  start  was  made  on  June  23 
this  season,  but  there  was  some  delay  on 
account  of  frost  which  had  formed  ahead 
of  the  pond.  This  frost  was  partially 
caused  by  the  fact  that  the  dredge  oper- 
ates on  a  head  line  which  made  it  neces- 
sary to  grub  out  the  growth  of  willows  in 
front  of  the  dredge.  If  left  in  place, 
the  willows  form  a  snow  fence,  the 
snow  protecting  the  ground  from  the 
heavy  frost.  J.  P.  Pearson  is  general 
manager  of  the  company.  A  few  days 
after  starting  up,  the  dredge  shut  down 
for  10  days  to  install  a  new  water-tube 
boiler. 

The  Wonder  Creek  dredge  is  a  creation 


of  Edward  F.  Smith.  This  is  a  7-ft., 
open-connected  machine  and  is  owned  by 
the  Wonder  Gold  Dredge  and  Mining 
Company,  E.  E.  Powell  being  manager. 
This  dredge  has  turned  out  some  gold, 
but  it  is  working  under  conditions  which, 
are  disadvantageous.  The  dredge  is 
driven  by  electric  power  furnished  by. 
the  same  power  house  on  the  Bourbon 
creek  which  supplies  the  Bourbon  Creek 
dredge. 

Reaiodeled  Harbor  Dredge  Used  on  Dry 
Creek 

The  Dry  Creek  dredge  is  situated  im- 
mediately back  of  the  town  of  Nome  at 
Dry  creek.  This  is  a  7-ft.,  open-con- 
nected machine  with  very  light  thin  buck- 
ets. It  was  originally  a  harbor  dredge 
and  the  machinery  was  remodeled  and 
made  into  a  placer  dredge.  The  fuel  used 
is  oil  piped  from  the  oil  tank  situated  on 
the  pond  outside  of  the  machine.  On  an 
ordinary  machine,  this  would  not  be  a 
practicable  arrangement,  but  the  dredge 
has  dug  so   little  to  date  that  they   have 


for  about  a  week  at  the  date  of  this 
writing.  That  on  Warm  creek  was  form- 
erly owned  by  the  Council  City  Dredging 
Company,  both  being  now  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Alaska  Gold  Dredging  Com- 
pany, of  which  J.  L.  Wilson  is  president 
and  A.  E.  Wellington  vice-president. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  Portland 
.-\laska  Gold  Dredging  Company  has  a 
small  machine  on  Goose  creek,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Casadapaga  river.  This  dredge 
has  buckets  of  a  capacity  of  about  1  Yi 
cu.ft.  and  is  operated  by  gasolene  en- 
gines. It  was  erected  during  the  season 
of  1909,  Messrs.  Taylor  and  Ryan  are 
connected  with  this  enterprise.  A  Mr. 
Mulligan  is  operating  a  small  dry-land 
dredge  on  West  creek,  a  tributary  of 
Shovel  creek,  while  on  Shovel  creek  just 
below  the  mouth  of  Mystery  creek  is  a 
steam  shovel  and  screen  apparatus  oper- 
ated by  John  Webb. 

New  Dredges  Being  Installed 

Several  dredges  have  also  been  in- 
stalled on  the  peninsula  this  season.    The 


Dry  Creek  Dredge — A  Remodeled  Harbor  Dredge 


not  been  handicapped.  Frozen  ground 
was  encountered  and  it  was  necessary  to 
thaw  this  before  operations  could  com- 
mence this  season. 

Numerous  Small  Dr£dge  and  Shovel 
Outfits  Operating 

In  addition  to  the  above  dredges,  there 
are  some  small  machines  which  arc  work- 
ing at  various  points  on  the  peninsula. 
One  of  these  is  the  Sievertson  dredge  sit- 
uated on  No.  5  below  discovery  on  the 
Solomon  river.  This  is  a  very  crude  af- 
fair with  buckets  of  1  cu.ft.  capacity. 
Under  ordinary  conditions,  the  machine 
could  not  operate  successfully,  but  it 
happened  that  it  was  in  rich  ground 
•.vhich  was  easily  dug.  The  bucket  line  is 
being  replaced  this  year  and  the  gold 
saving  arrangements  are  being  improved. 
There  are  also  two  small  dredges — one 
on  Warm  creek  and  one  on  Gold  Bottom 
creek  in  the  Council  district.  The  one  on 
Gold   Bottom   creek   has   been   operating 


Plein  Gold  Mining  and  Dredge  Com- 
pany brought  in  a  3'j-ft.  Risdon  dredge 
with  gold-saving  apparatus  of  the  size 
usually  put  on  a  5-ft.  machine.  The 
principal  men  connected  with  the  com- 
pany are  Judge  Andrews,  Col.  C.  M. 
Sheafe  and  Joseph  Plein,  the  latter  being 
manager.  This  machine  is  being  erected 
on  Otter  creek  at  the  mouth  of  Florence 
gulch.  The  machinery  was  unloaded  at 
Nome  and  teamed  to  the  building  site,  the 
road  from  the  beach  to  Otter  creek  being 
constructed  by  the  Government  princi- 
pally for  this  purpose.  Oil  is  to  be  used 
for  fuel. 

The  Flodin  Company,  with  headquart- 
ers at  Chicago,  is  installing  a  2'A-h., 
open-connected  Risdon  dredge  on  No.  4 
below  discovery  on  the  Solomon  riyer 
about  a  mile  or  mile  and  a  half  below 
the  mouth  of  Big  Hurrah  creek.  Her- 
mann Carlson  is  general  manager  of  the 
company.  This  dredge  will  burn  coal. 
The  property  takes  in  Nos.  4,  3,  2  and  1 


October  29,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


865 


below  discovery  and  the  discovery  claim 
at  the  mouth  of  Big  Hurrah  creek.  This 
is  reported  to  be  good  ground  and  most 
of  it  thawed. 

The  Sivertson-Johnson  Gold  Dredging 
Company,  C.  E.  Sivertson,  general  man- 
ager, is  installing  a  Z'/'^-U..  open-con- 
nected Risdon  machine  on  No.  4  above 
discovery  on  the  Solomon  river.  This 
ground  runs  up  the  river  to  just  below 
East  fork,  taking  in  No.  4  and  5  claims. 
It  is  considered  to  be  good  ground. 

The  Solomon  Dredging  Company  is  in- 
stalling a  3'j-ft.  Bucyrus  machine  on 
No.  15  above  discovery  on  the  Solomon 
river.  Frank  Reed  is  the  general  man- 
ager of  this  company.  The  dredge  will 
start  about  one  mile  above  East  fork  and 
work  up  the  river.  Coal  will  be  used  for 
fuel  at  -first  but  later  on  oil  will  be  sub- 
stituted. The  work  on  this  machine  was 
well  in  advance  of  the  work  on  any  of 
(he  other  machines  on  the  peninsula.  The 
ground  is  considered  to  be  good  although 
it  is  quite  shallow,  but  the  dredge  is  cap- 
able of  digging  into  the  bed  rock  so  that 
all  of  the  gold  should  be  recovered. 

Crude  Oil  Gas   Producer  for  Gold 
Beach  Dredge 

The  Gold  Beach  Dredging  Company 
brought  up  a  3'j-ft.  dredge  to  be  in- 
stalled at  the  mouth  of  Ruby  creek  on 
the  Casadapaga  river.  This  machinery 
has  Bucyrus  bucket  line  and  tumblers 
only.  E.  L.  Braucht  is  the  manager  of 
the  company.  The  dredge  is  equipped 
v.'ith  a  crude-oil  gas  producer  which  is 
the  first  application  of  this  apparatus  on 
a  gold  dredge.  Crude-oil  gas  engines 
have  not  proved  to  be  an  entire  success 
elsewhere  and  it  is  unfortunate  that  any- 
tliing  in  the  line  of  an  experiment  should 
be  taken  to  such  an  out-of-the-way  place 
as  Alaska.  The  erection  of  this  dredge  is 
subject  to  the  same  delay  as  the  other 
dredges  for  the  Casadapaga  river  and  the 
machinery  has  been  held  at  Nome  for 
payment  of  the  ocean  freight. 

The  Wild  Goose  Mining  Company  is 
putting  in  a  Sv^-ft.  close-connected 
dredge  on  No.  27  above  discovery  on 
Ophir  creek  in  the  Council  district.  This 
dredge  will  be  installed  complete  by  the 
Yuba  Construction  Company,  represented 
on  the  ground  by  Mr.  Hart.  The  dredge 
is  to  be  driven  by  one  125-h.p.  three-cyl- 
inder Standard  gasolene  engine,  with  a 
smaller  unit  for  driving  the  electric-light 
plant.  All  of  the  machinery  is  driven  by 
belts  through  the  medium  of  clutches. 
The  depth  of  digging  at  this  point  is 
about  30  ft.  The  fuel  will  be  No.  1  dis- 
tillate, except  for  starting,  when  gasolene 
\\ill  have  to  be  used.  C.  H.  Monro  is 
the  dredgemaster  and  is  better  posted 
on  dredging  than  anyone  else  I  met  on 
the  Seward  peninsula. 

The  Sioux-Alaska  Gold  Dredging 
Company  is  a  South  Dakota  corporation, 
the  manager  being  Collin  Murray.  The 
machinery     for     this    dredge     was     fur 


nished  by  Johnson  &  Bernard.  It  is  said 
by  them  that  the  machinery  was  fur- 
nished by  the  Union  Iron  Works.  This 
is  a  2^<-ft.,  open-connected  dredge  driven 
by  gasolene  engines.  It  is  to  be  installed 
on  Moss  gulch  in  the  Nome  district.  The 
depth  of  digging  is  17  ft.  on  a  draft  of  2 
ft.  The  engines  are  a  50-h.p.,  three-cyl- 
iiider  gasolene  engine  for  the  main  drive 
and  other  machinery  and  a  25-h.p.  gaso- 
lene engine  for  the  8-in.  pump.  There  is 
a  belt  stacker  which  stacks  20  ft.  high 
and  the  dredge  is  equipped  to  operate 
either  upon  head  line  or  spuds.  Moss 
gulch  is  reported  to  be  showing  up  better 
in  later  prospecting  than  at  first. 

The  Arctic  Gold  Dredging  Company 
also  bought  a  .Johnson  &  Bernard  dredge. 
Frank  Middaugh  is  the  manager  of  this 
company  which  expected  to  operate  on 
Arctic  creek,  a  tributary  of  Cripple  river, 
to  the  west  of  Nome.  There  was  some 
hitch  in  the  arrangements  and  it  was  fi- 
nally decided  to  put  the  dredge  on  Saund- 
ers creek,  which  is  a  tributary  of  Hast- 
ings creek  to  the  east  of  Nome.  The 
Wild  Goose  Mining  and  Trading  Com- 
pany, of  which  .lerry  Wilson  is  general 
manager,  is  putting  another  Johnson  & 
Bernard  dredge  on  Goose  creek,  which  is 
a  tributary  of  the  Casadapaga  river.  It 
is  expected  that  this  dredge  will  not  be 
completed  until  the  summer  of  next  year 
as  the  Council  City  &  Solomon  railroad 
above  East  fork  was  in  such  condition 
as  to  make  transportation  impossible  in 
the  early  months  of  this  season. 

Other  Small  Dredges 

John  S.  Kimball  and  Charles  Kimball, 
of  Nome,  have  several  small  machines  at 
work,  one  being  on  Melsing  creek  and 
one  on  No.  24  below  discovery  on  Ophir 
creek,  both  of  these  being  operated  under 
the  name  of  the  Kimball  Dredge  Com- 
pany. These  machines  were  constructed 
according  to  the  drawings  of  J.  Soupe. 
Another  small  dredge  of  the  same  design 
was  brought  in  this  spring.  These  are 
small  dry-land  machines. 

Joseph  Vint  is  planning  to  take  a 
Risdon  dredge  In  via  Teller  late  this 
fall  and  transport  it  over  the  ice  dur- 
ing the  winter  to  about  15  miles  above 
Shelton  on  the  Kougarok  river  just  where 
the  river  emerges  from  the  foot  hills. 
This  machine  will  be  a  3-ft.,  close-con- 
nected one,  digging  to  a  depth  of  30  ft. 
Coal  will  be  the  fuel  used. 

"Wildcat"  Dredges  Also  Abundant 

Scattered  along  the  beach  both  east 
and  west  of  Nome,  are  various  machines 
'.■epresenting  millions  of  dollars,  princi- 
pally from  the  United  States,  which  have 
returned  absolutely  nothing.  It  would 
not  be  so  bad  if  this  was  only  history, 
but  almost  every  boat  for  Nome  brings 
some  man  with  a  new  experiment.  They 
range  all  the  way  from  diving-bell  appa- 
ratus to  the  dipper  dredges.  One  of  these 
machines   which   was  mounted   on   large 


wheels  has  been  dismantled  by  a  local 
machine  shop,  having  been  a  total  fail- 
ure. This  was  the  only  machine  of  its 
kind  built;  nevertheless,  a  reputable 
monthly  magazine  is  printing  an  adver- 
tisement of  a  man  offering  stock  for  sale 
in  a  company  building  these  machines. 
In  this  advertisement  it  states  that  the 
liiachine  has  been  an  unqualified  success. 

Of  course,  among  the  dredges  that  are 
to  be  installed  now,  will  be  failures,  and 
some  will  be  successes.  People  who  fail 
will  have  to  learn  from  those  who  suc- 
ceed. There  are  others  who  are  wait- 
ing to  see  the  results  of  this  season's 
operations  before  adopting  dredging  as  a 
means  of  working  their  property.  There 
is  no  question  but  that  there  is  plenty 
cf  room  for  a  large  number  of  dredges  on 
the  Seward  peninsula  and  that,  if  the 
undertakings  are  managed  by  people  who 
know  what  they  are  doing,  there  should 
be  a  goodly  number  of  successful  dredg- 
ing companies.  The  trouble  is  that  it  is 
not  recognized  on  the  peninsula  that  ex- 
perience in  dredging  is  necessary  or  even 
desirable  and  the  idea  prevails  that 
thorough  prospecting  is  a  waste  of  time 
and  money. 

The  Seward  peninsula  is  on  the  eve 
of  a  greater  development  than  it  has  ex- 
perienced thus  far,  provided  capital  may 
be  attracted  by  the  results  achieved  dur- 
ing September  and  October  of  this  year 
and  the  early  months  of  the  dredge  sea- 
son next  year.  The  new  dredges  on  the 
Solomon  river  started  up  the  last  week 
in  August. 


How  Gold  is  Marketed  in  London 

The  world's  gold  output  has  reached  an 
average  of  about  SI, 250,000  for  each  day 
of  the  year,  and  of  that  total  the  Transvaal 
mines  furnish  upward  of  one-third,  t-ys 
the  London  correspondent  of  the  New 
York  Sun.  Every  week  throughout  the 
year,  between  $2,500,000  and  .$3,000,000 
worth  of  the  metal  in  bars,  varying  from 
400  to  1000  oz.,  is  sent  to  London. 

The  bars  are  paid  into  the  local  South 
African  banks  by  the  various  mining  com- 
panies, whose  accounts  are  credited  with 
the  value,  pure  gold  being  worth  approx- 
imately S20.t)7  per  oz.  The  banks  then 
undertake  the  shipment  of  the  bars, 
which  go  down  to  Capetown  each  week 
and  arrive  at  Southampton  17  days  later. 

As  the  Cape  boats  generally  arrive  at 
Southampton  on  Saturday  morning,  the 
gold  is  sent  up  at  once  to  London  and 
taken  to  the  Bank  of  England  for  safe 
lodging  until  the  following  Monday,  when 
the  bars  are  taken  out  of  the  vaults  and 
handed  over  to  the  refiners.  On  the  same 
day  the  bullion  brokers  on  behalf  of  the 
South  African  banks  sell  the  parcels, 
which  after  their  treatment  at  the  hands 
of  the  refiners,  are  400  oz.  in  weight. 

Under  an  act  of  1844  the  Bank  of  Eng- 
land is  bound  to  buy  all  gold  offered  to  it 


866 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


af  the  rate  of  S19.05,  appro::imately,  an 
ounce  of  standard  gold  (0.925  fine).  The 
owner  can  deliver  it  directly  if  he  likes  to 
the  mint,  from  which  it  will  be  returned 
to  him  within  20  days  in  the  shape  of 
sovereigns  at  the  rate  of  $19.08  per  o. 
By  handling  the  bars  direct  to  the  bank 
the  importer  receives  his  money  without 
delay,  and  the  difference  of  3c.  between 
the  bank  and  the  mint  price  represents 
20  days  interest  at  3  per  cent. 

While  the   Bank   of   England   is  bound 


to  buy  all  the  gold  offered  to  it  at  .S19.05 
per  oz.,  it  is,  of  course,  always  obliged 
to  pay  out  gold  for  its  notes,  and  it  often 
happens  that  bars  and  not  coins  are  re- 
quired, bars  being  less  liable  to  friction 
if  the  metal  is  intended  for  export.  The 
usual  price  at  which  the  bank  sells  bars 
is  S19.08,  but  if  there  is  a  great  demand 
the  price  may  be  run  up  to  S19.09. 

It  frequently  occurs  that  gold  from 
the  Cape  never  goes  into  the  bank.  This 
happens   when   the   bank   does   not   want 


it  and  will  pay  no  more  than  the  statute 
price.  "  Some  other  country  may  want 
the  metal  and  instead  of  sending  in  notes 
to  the  bank  for  encashment  may  prefer 
to  buy  the  parcels  in  the  open  market. 

Here  the  price  too  may  be  raised  by 
the  agent  according  to  the  extent  of  the 
demand  from  half  a  cent  or  two  or  even 
three  cents  an  ounce  above  the  level 
of  S19.05,  the  limit  in  fact  being  regu- 
lated only  by  the  ability  always  to  obtain 
sovereigns  from  the  Bank  of  England. 


Notes  on  the  Metallurgy  at  CopperhiU,  Tennessee 

BY  GEORGE  A.  GUESS- 


For  the  year  1909  the  first,  or  green 
ore  matte  at  the  Tennessee  Copper  Com- 
pany's plant  at  CopperhiU,  Tenn.,  aver- 
aged only  9.5  per  cent.  Cu.  The  matte 
fall  in  the  green-ore  furnaces  was  18.3 
per  cent.  The  handling  of  this  large 
quantity  of  low-grade  matte  has  tieen 
gradually  improved  until  now  it  presents 
little  more  difficulty  than  the  handling  of 
the  same  quantity  of  slag. 

Old  Slag  Pots  Used  for  Matte 

The  sectional  cast-iron  slag  pots  (  105 
cu.ft.  capacity)  when  they  become 
cracked  and  roughened  on  the  inside  to 
such  an  extent  that  they  are  difficult  to 
hull,  are  used  with  a  slag  hull  in  them, 
for  matte  pots.  Large  and  less  frequent 
taps  of  matte  have  been  found  to  be  less 
severe  on  the  settler.  Matte  launders  are 


to  be  filled  with  dry  crushed  brickbats. 
The  new  settlers  have  the  tap  sections 
removable.  These  can  be  taken  out  and 
the  brick  renewed  during  the  campaign 
of  a  furnace.  They  are  as  easily  taken 
out  as  a  furnace  jacket. 

Flue  Dust  Mixed  with  First  Matte 

The  green-ore  matte  is  poured  on  a 
yard  sloping  slightly  from  the  matte 
tracks  for  about  80  ft.  to  the  railroad 
tracks.  This  yard  is  divided  into  beds 
about  18  ft.  wide  by  ridges  of  flue  dust 
every  other  one  of  which  serves  to  pro- 
tect a  water  line  and  a  stand  pipe  which 
io  placed  half  way  down  the  bed  and  to 
which  a  hose  is  attached  for  cooling  the 
matte  before  loading. 

Over  each  pot  of  poured  matte  is 
spread    a    car    (44    cu.ft.)    of    flue    dust. 


TENNESSEE    COPI'EU    SI.AG   ANALYSES   FOR   1909. 

Cu 

SiO, 

.•U,0, 

FeO 

CaO 

.\IgO 

0   23 
0.:i7 
0 .  26.-) 

41. 

3S.4 

40.6 

,3 .  n 
3.4 
5.0 

41.3 
45.8 
41.6 

7.2 
7.3 
7.2 

2.4 

1.9 

2.3 

arranged  with  a  curve  so  that  the  tapper 
can  use  a  14-ft.  dolly  bar.  He  is  not  then 
so  fearful  of  stopping  a  hard  hole.  The 
tapping  plate  is  a  small  cast-iron  block 
around  which  is  cast  converter  copper. 
Tappers  are  provided  with  a  good  stiff 
clay.  A  poor  quality  of  dolly  clay  has 
frequently  been  the  cause  of  a  spill  of 
matte. 

Firebrick   Lining  and  Removable  Tap- 
sections  FOR  Settler 

I  have  found  that  the  settlers  at  this 
plant  give  as  good  service  if  lined 
throughout  with  suitable  firebrick,  in- 
stead of  the  more  expensive  chrome  or 
rnagnesite  brick.  The  settlers  are  cir- 
cular, 16  ft.  in  diameter,  and  are  lined 
with  nine  inches  of  firebrick  reinforced  at 
the  two  tap  holes  to  24  in.  Two  inches 
between  the  lining  and  the  sheet  are  left 


•Smoltlnpr    snix'ilnli'n'lent.    Tennessee    f'Dp- 
pei'   rompnny.    I'oiiiieiliill,    Tenn. 


Another  pot  of  matte  is  poured  on  the  bed 
?.nd  another  car  of  flue  dust  until  the 
mixture  in  the  bed  has  attained  a  thick- 
ness of  8  to  12  in.  In  this  way  a  large 
proportion  of  the  flue  dust  made  is  thor- 
oughly and  cheaply  incorporated  in  the 
matte  for  resmelting.  This  method  pro- 
duces a  porous  and  spongy  condition  in 
the  matte. 

Narrow   Furnace   for   Matte   Concen- 
tration 

One  of  the  56xl80-in.  furnaces  has  re- 
cently been  narrowed  to  44  in.  and  has 
been  found  specially  suited  to  matte  con- 
centration. The  furnace  runs  fast,  some- 
times exceeding  800  tons  of  charge  per 
day.  It  is  run  as  long  as  it  continues  to 
run  fast,  and  as  soon  as  it  slows  up  is 
tapped  out  and  started  afresh.  For  both 
concentration  and  green-ore  furnaces  this 
idea  of  hard  driving  and  short  campaigns 
results   in   lower   costs   and   greater   ton- 


nages and  does  not  result  in  a  littered 
condition  of  the  works  when  adopted  as  a 
policy.  When  there  is  no  general 
overhauling  to  be  done  to  a  fur- 
nace it  takes  only  24  to  36  hours 
from  the  time  the  blast  is  off  until 
the  furnace  is  again  running. 

Curved  Jacket  Corners  Inadvisable 

The  curved-corner  jackets  on  the 
56x270-in.  furnaces  have  not  been  found 
to  possess  any  advantages  that  will  weigh 
against  their  disadvantages  and  the  great- 
ly increased  cost  of  construction.  These 
jackets  have  been  replaced  in  our  new 
furnaces.  The  header  for  jacket  water 
has  been  carried  under  the  water-cooled 
sole  plates  of  the  large  furnaces  and  has 
been  found  convenient  and  satisfactory 
and  greatly  lessens  the  amount  of  piping 
used. 

Not     Economical     to     Produce     High 
Grade  First  Matte 

Making  a  matte  in  the  first  smelting 
high  enough  to  convert  gives  a  elag  loss 
per  ton  of  ore  equal  to  the  loss  that  re- 
sults from  concentrating  a  low  first  matte 
without  the  use  of  limerock.  By  using 
limerock  in  the  concentrating  of  a  low 
matte,  the  copper  content  of  the  slag  is 
reduced  and  an  increased  saving  is  ef- 
fected of  two  pounds  of  copper  per  ton 
of  ore  smelted. 

The  concentration  of  low  matte  without 
the  use  of  limerock  results  in  a  crystal- 
line growth  in  the  settler,  which  gives  it  a 
mushy  feel,  and  so  rapidly  reduces  the 
capacity  of  the  settler  that  the  charge 
has  to  be  taken  off  the  furnace.  These 
crystals  are  whitish,  transparent  plates 
with  a  high  luster.  An  analysis  of  a 
mass  of  them  gave  the  following  result: 
Cu,  2.07;  S,  2.44;  SiO  ,  49.3;  Fe,  31.2; 
A1,0:„  2.5;  CaO,  1.7;  MgO.  trace;  Zn,  1.4 
per  cent.  It  would  appear  as  if  the  pure 
crystals  approached  the  formula,  2  FeO: 
3  SiOj.  Typical  slag  analyses  are  given 
in  an  accompanying  table. 


October  29.  1910. 


THE    F.NGINKERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


867 


German  Miners'  Insurance  and  Annuity  Funds 

Improvement  in  Social  and  Exonomic  Conditions  by  Compulsory  Benefit 
Association;  Sickness,  Accident  and  .Annuity  Funds;  Bochum  Union  Typical 

BY     FREDERICK     L.     HOFFMAN  •• 


The  remarkable  progress  of  the  Ger- 
man mining  industry  during  the  last  20 
years  finds  its  explanation,  in  part,  in  the 
material  improvement  in  the  social  and 
economic  condition  of  mine  labor,  largely 
as  the  result  of  efficient  organization  for 
purposes  of  adequate  protection  against 
the  financial  consequences  of  accidents, 
illness,  invalidity,  old  age  and  death. 
The  social  policy  which  underlies  the 
German  government  insurance  laws  has 
unquestionably  attained  a  large  measure 
of  practical  success,  and  instead  of  the 
vast  emigration  of  Germans  to  foreign 
'  countries  noted  in  former  years,  the  pro- 
portion of  foreign  laborers  in  Germany  is 
constantly  increasing. 

The  progress  of  the  mining  industry 
in  Germany  is  made  evident  by  the  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  men  employed 
from  368,896  in  1889  to  526,184  in  1899, 
and  787.035  in  1908.  These  aggregates 
include  persons  in  smelteries,  salt  works, 
and  similar  industries.  The  value  of 
mine  productions  has  grown  from  555,- 
000,000  marks  (S132,090,000)  in  1889  to 
the  enormous  total  of  1,970,000,000 
marks  (8468,860,000)  in  1908.  The  re- 
turns of  labor  exchanges  indicate  a  satis- 
factory state  of  employment,  and  the  av- 
erage rate  of  wages  has  gradually  in- 
creased until  more  than  half  are  earning 
over  five  marks  (SI. 19)  a  day.  In  the 
Bochum  district,  in  fact,  this  proportion 
during  1909  was  64.7  per  cent. 

Insurance     Benefit     Associations    of 
Enormous  Magnitude 

Under  the  German  imperial  insurance 
laws,  and  the  mining  and  insurance  laws 
of  the  several  states,  all  mine  workers 
are  required  to  organize  into  insurance 
benefit  associations  for  the  purpose  of 
providing  with  certainty  for  the  financial 
needs  in  the  event  of  sickness,  accident, 
invalidity  and  old  age.  The  funds  are 
organized  upon  a  basis  of  complete  self- 
administration,  with  a  minimum  of  gov- 
ernment interference.  In  the  administra- 
tion of  the  funds,  the  employers  and  em- 
ployees are  jointly  represented  in  equal 
numbers,  btit  the  representatives  of  the 
workmen  are  called  "mine  elders,"  which 
implies  that  they  must  be  men  of  good 
standing  and  long  experience. 

The  institutions  which  hjve  been  built 
up  have  gradually  attained  to  a  trulv 
enormous  magnitude,  considering  the 
vast  amounts  involved  and  the  wide  dis- 
^fribution    of   benefits.     The    solution    of 

•Statistician,  rnul.nlial  Insnianci!  foni- 
Pany.    Wwark.    X.    .T 


many  practical,  as  well  as  technical  ques- 
tions, has  brought  forth  a  decidedly  high 
degree  of  skill  in  joint  administration, 
which  has  been  followed  by  far-reaching 
benefits  in  other  directions.  The  entire 
mining  industry  is  divided  into  eight  in- 
surance funds,  of  which  the  General 
Miners'  Union,  of  Bochum,  may  be  con- 
sidered the  foremost  of  its  kind,  and 
thoroughly  representative  of  the  inining 
industry  as  a  whole. 

Plan    of    Bochu.m    Union    Developed 
Gradually 

The  history  of  the  General  Miners' 
Union,  of  Bochum,dates  back  to  the  time 
of  Frederick  the  Great  and  the  Seven 
Years'  War,  and  there  is  documentary 
evidence  that,  as  early  as  1756,  a  plan 
was  developed,  according  to  which  a  fund 
was  to  be  raised  by  joint  contributions,  to 
provide  for  the  payment  of  wages  for  a 
term  of  eight  weeks  in  the  event  of  sick- 
ness, and  for  the  same  amount  in  the 
event  of  death  by  accident.  The  basis  of 
the  contribution  was  one-sixtieth  of  the 
weekly  wages.  During  the  long  interven- 
ing period,  practically  every  scheme  was 
tried  to  meet  the  increasing  cost  by 
the  contributions  of  members  or  joint  con- 
tributions of  members,  workmen  and  em- 
ployees, and  by  1770  a  reasonably  defin- 
ite basis  was  adopted,  which  was  carried 
through  for  many  years.  By  1786  an  oc- 
cupation distinction  was  adopted  by  a 
division  of  the  industry  into  five  prin- 
cipal employments.  By  1800  a  provision 
was  adopted  by  which  the  contributions 
were  differentiated,  according  to  income 
of  the  occupation,  and  the  conjugal  con- 
dition, but  it  would  serve  no  practical 
purpose  at  the  present  time  to  enter  into 
a   detailed   discussion   of  these    features. 

Annuities  Based  on  Dui<ation  of  Mine 
Labor 

Between  1824  and  1856  far-reaching 
reforms  were  introduced,  and  gradually 
the  funds  were  placed  upon  a  scientific 
basis.  The  annuities,  by  this  time,  were 
in  conformity  to  duration  of  mine  labor, 
which  is  the  underlying  principle  of  old- 
age  government  annuities  at  the  present 
time.  Between  1857  and  1883  further 
improvements  were  effected,  and  in  1884 
the  new  government  insurance  law  placed 
the  institution  upon  a  sound  and  endur- 
ing basis.  The  three  funds  which  had 
gradually  developed  under  the  old  Prus- 
sian laws  were  now  consolidated  into  the 
General  Miners'  Union,  of  Bochum, 
which,  however,  did  not  become  a  separ- 


ate insurance  institution  until  1892.  The 
territory  of  the  General  Miners'  Union, 
of  Bochum,  is  practically  co-extensive 
with  the  Rhenish-Prussian  coalfield. 

Sickness,  Pension  and  Old-ace  Pension 
Funds  Provided 

The  three  specific  functions  of  the  fund 
are,  the  sickness  branch,  which  includes 
compensation  for  accidents;  the  pension 
fund,  which  provides  annuities  in  the 
event  of  disability  resulting  from  work 
accidents,  or  in  the  event  of  death  annu- 
ities for  surviving  dependents  of  the  fam- 
ily; and  finally,  there  is  the  old-age  pen- 
sion fund,  under  imperial  law,  which  is 
practically  a  separate  and  distinct  institu- 
tion. The  funds  of  each  are  kept  apart 
from  the  others — at  least  this  has  been 
the  practice  during  recent  years.  The 
contributions  rest  upon  a  reasonably 
sound  basis  of  mathematical  considera- 
tions, but  the  reserves  which  have  been 
accumulated  are  not  as  yet  entirely  suffi- 
cient. The  tendency,  however,  is  strongly 
toward  an  accumulation  of  proportionate- 
ly larger  funds. 

The  growth  of  the  Bochum  union  is 
best  indicated  by  the  membership,  which 
increased  from  27,414  in  1860,  to  78,608 
in  1880,  to  235,226  in  1900  and  to  348,- 
389  in  1909.  The  total  income  of  the 
sickness  and  pension  fund  has  increased 
from  812,632  marks  (S193,406)  in  1860. 
to  4,451,026  marks  (.'^  1,059,344)  in  1880. 
to  22,153,869  marks  (.'^5,272,621)  in  1900 
and  to  .52,315,299  marks  (512,451,041)  in 
1909.  The  accumulated  funds  of  the 
sickness  and  pension  branch  have  in- 
creased from  1,881,277  marks  ($447,744) 
in  1860,  to  2,917,586  marks  (S694,385) 
in  1880,  to  28,851.223  marks  (S6,866,- 
.591)  in  1900  and  to  103.012,799  marks 
(S24,5 17,041)   in  1909. 

These  evidences  of  growth  and  power 
emphasize  the  vast  importance  of  the 
Bochum  union  as  a  social  and  economic 
institution,  particularly  deserving  of  the 
study  and  consideration  of  American 
mine  owners  and  managers,  vitally  inter- 
ested in  the  improvement  of  labor  condi- 
tions in  the  mining  industry  in  the  United 
States. 

Bochu.m   Union  Admi-nistrated  Jointly 
BY  Employers  and  Employees 

The  General  Miners'  Union,  of  Boch- 
um. is  organized  upon  the  basis  of  joint 
administration  of  employers  and  employ- 
ees, each  side  being  represented  by  15 
members  and  15  alternates.  The  execu- 
tive  committee   consists   of  seven  mem- 


868 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


bers,  of  which  three  are  mine  elders,  and 
in  a  similar  manner  employers  and  em- 
ployees are  equally  represented  on  the 
various  committees.  The  actual  man- 
agement in  1909  consisted  of  759  em- 
ployees. 

In  1910  a  beautiful  new  building  for 
the  administration  of  the  fund  was  dedi- 
cated with  impressive  ceremonies,  and  an 
interesting  memorial  account  was  pub- 
lished on  the  occasion,  which  con- 
tains a  wealth  of  historical  and 
statistical  information  regarding  the 
growth  of  the  institution.  The  fund 
has  section  buildings  at  Essen,  Dort- 
mund, Gelsenkirchen,  and  Heme,  and 
several  large  hospitals  and  convalescent 
homes. 

Sickness   Branch   of   Fund  Supported 
BY  4  Per  Cent,  of  Total  Payroll 

The  sickness  branch  of  the  fund,  in 
1909,  had  a  membership  of  348,389, 
against  275,219  in  1904.  Of  the  member- 
ship, 7.9  per  cent,  were  foreigners 
against  6.8  per  cent,  in  1905.  Of  the  for- 
eigners, 66  per  cent,  were  .■\ustro-Hun- 
garians,  18  per  cent.  Hollanders,  10  per 
cent.  Italians.  3.7  per  cent.  Rus- 
sians, and  the  remainder  Belgians 
and  others.  Nearly  40  per  cent,  of  the 
Germans  were  from  the  western  prov- 
inces of  Prussia,  indicating  a  consider- 
able influx  of  a  new  labor  element,  made 
evident  by  the  fact  that  the  total  mem- 
bership during  the  year  51  per  cent.  left 
and  52  per  cent,  were  admitted.  The 
industry  has,  therefore,  apparently  the 
same  disadvantage  as  in  America,  of  a 
changing  and  fluctuating  labor  supply. 

Of  the  membership  in  1909,  37.9  per 
cent,  were  single,  61  per  cent,  mar- 
ried, 1  per  cent,  widowed,  and  0.! 
per  cent,  divorced.  In  1909  5.1  per  cent, 
of  the  membership  earned  on  an  average 
less  than  2.50  marks  ($0.59)  per  day, 
while  8.8  per  cent,  earned  from  2.80 
marks  (S0.67)  to  3.60  marks  (S0.86), 
21.4  per  cent,  from  4  to  4.80  marks 
(.S0.95  to  SI.  14),  and  64.7  per  cent, 
earned  5  marks  ($1.19)  and  more. 

Sickness  Rate  64.8  Per  Cent,  of  Total 
Membership 

Contributions  for  the  year  were  upon 
a  basis  of  2  per  cent,  of  the  wages  for 
employers  and  employees,  or  4  per  cent, 
of  the  value  of  the  payroll.  Men  earn- 
ing SI. 19  (5  marks)  per  day  would, there- 
fore pay  14c.  per  week  incontributions,  to 
which  the  employer  would  add  the  same 
amount.  In  other  words,  if  the  weekly 
wage  by  American  standards  were  $15, 
the  employee  would  pay  30c.,  and  the 
employer  30c.,  to  provide  the  bene- 
fits of  the  German  system.  These 
include  free  treatment  in  hospitals  and 
the  necessary  medicine,  etc.,  the  pay- 
ment of  sick  money  equivalent  to  not  less 
than  60  per  cent,  of  the  wages  to 
the    dependents,    and    burial    money    of 


not  less  than  20  times  the  daily  wages. 
In  1909  the  sickness  branch  required 
the  raising  of  19,150,547  marks  ($4,557,- 
830),  of  which  one-half  was  provided  by 
the  mine  owners.  The  per  capita  cost  in 
contributions  was  54.97  marks,  ($13.08), 
of  which  27.48  ($6.54)  was  paid 
by  the  employees  and  a  like  amount 
by  the  employers.  Among  the  member- 
ship of  348,389  there  occurred  225,814 
cases  of  sickness,  or  64.8  per  cent. 
Among  this  number  were  970  cases  of 
ankylostomiasis,  equivalent  to  0.3  per 
cent,  of  the  number  employed.  The  dis- 
ease has  rapidly  diminished  within  recent 
years  as  the  result  of  stringent  sanitary 
measures,  or  from  5024  cases  in  1905  to 
1851  cases  in  1907,  and  970  cases,  as 
previously    stated,    in    1909. 

Accident  Rate  16.9  Per  Cent,  of  Nu.m- 
ber  Employed 
The  number  of  work  accidents  of  all 
kinds  was  59,003,  or  16.9  per  cent,  of  the 
number  employed.  The  accident  fre- 
quency was  highest  among  foreigners,  or 

20.5  per  cent.,  against  16.9  per  cent, 
among  native  workmen,  and  15  per  cent, 
native  workmen  from  the  Western  prov- 
inces. Compared  with  earlier  years  there 
has  been  a  gratifying  diminution  in  the 
relative  number  of  accidents  due  to  the 
industry. 

The  foregoing  accident  rate  includes 
casualties  of  all  kinds.  Among  men  em- 
ployed underground  the  accident  rate  was 
17.2  per  cent.,  among  men  employed 
overground  15.5  per  cent.,  and  among 
officials  5.8  per  cent.  The  accident  rate 
was  highest  among  the  workmen  earn- 
ing from  2.40  to  3.20  m.arks  ($0.57  to 
$0.76)  per  day.  The  lowest  and  highest 
paid  workmen  experienced  accident  rates 
below  the   average. 

True  Sickness  Rate  47.6  per  Cent. 

Excluding  cases  of  ankylostomiasis  and 
work  accidents,  the  true  sickness  rate 
was  47.6  per  cent,  for  1909  against  45.5 
per  cent,  for  1906.  The  rate  was  highest 
for  foreigners,  or  57.1  per  cent.,  and 
lowest  for  natives,  or  38.9  per  cent.  For 
Germans  from  the  western  provinces  the 
rate  was  47.8  per  cent.  Among  workmen 
employed  underground  the  sickness  rate 
was  50.6  per  cent,  against  34.3  per  cent, 
for  workmen   employed   overground,   and 

24.6  per  cent,  for  officials.  The  sickness 
rate  was  highest  among  men  in  the  high- 
er-paid wage  groups,  which  in  part  was 
accounted  for  by  a  higher  average  age 
among  the  men  earning  wages-  above  the 
average. 

.\verage  of  co.mpensatbd  sickness  11.8 
Days  per  Member 
Among  the  348,389  members  of  the 
sick  fund  in  1909  there  occurred  5,492,- 
082  days  of  sickness,  or  15.8  days  per 
member.  This  includes  Sundays,  holidays 
and  the  necessary  waiting  period,  which, 
if  excluded,  leaves  an  average  of  11.8 
days  of  compensated  sickness  per  mem- 


ber of  the  fund.  If  this  figure  is  ap- 
plied to  the  690,438  men  employed  in 
American  coal  mines  in  1909  a  similar 
system  in  this  country  would  re- 
quire compensation  to  be  paid  for 
8,147,168  days  of  sickness.  If  com- 
pensation were  paid  for  every  day, 
that  is,  including  Sundays,  holidays  and 
the  usual  waiting  period,  or  at  the  rate  , 
of  15.8  days  per  person  employed,  the 
number  of  days  of  sickness  to  be  com- 
pensated for  under  a  similar  scheme  in 
the  United  States  would  be  10,909,000. 
The  average  duration  of  a  case  of  sick- 
ness in  1909  was  24.9  days.  This  is  above 
the  average  for  industrial  employments 
generally.  If  deduction  is  made  for  Sun- 
days, holidays,  and  waiting  days,  the 
average  duration  of  a  case  of  sickness 
was  18.7  days.  Most  of  the  sickness  was 
of  a  duration  of  from  11  to  30  days, 
which  represents  48.7  per  cent,  of  the 
sickness  of  all  durations.  The  propor- 
tion of  cases  of  more  than  180  days' 
duration  was  2.2  per  cent.  The  average 
duration  of  compensated  sickness  was 
19.7  days  in  the  case  of  work  accidents, 
and  18.3  days  in  the  case  of  other  causes. 

Death  Rate  6.9  Per  1000  in  1909 

The  average  cost  of  a  case  of  sickness 
was  75.69  marks  ($18.01),  of  which  46.41 
marks  ($11.05)  was  on  account  of  sick 
pay,  14.14  marks  ($3.37)  on  account  of 
hospital  treatment,  8.23  marks  ($1.96)  on 
account  of  medical  treatment,  and  the  re- 
mainder on  account  of  other  expenses. 
The  cost  of  sickness  per  member  was 
47.98  marks  ($11.42),  of  which  29.42 
marks  ($7)  was  on  account  of  sick  pay. 
8.97  marks  ($2.13)  on  account  of  hospi- 
tal treatment,  5.21  marks  ($1.24)  on  ac- 
count of  medical  treatment,  and  the  re- 
mainder on  account  of  other  expenses. 
Among  the  348.389  members  in  1909 
there  occurred  2421  deaths,  or  at  the  rate 
of  6.9  per  1000.  In  1908  the  rate  was 
7.1,  and  in  1907  it  was  6.  The  average 
expenses  on  account  of  a  death  were 
109.44  marks  ($26.05)  in  1909  against 
89.13  marks  (S21.21)  in  1905. 

In   consequence   of  the   increased  de- 
mand upon  the  funds  the  net  gain  of  in- 
come   over  outgo   during    the    year    1909 
was  less  favorable   than  during  previous 
years.     The  income  in   1909  was  19.259,- 
055    marks    ($4,583,655),    and    the   total 
outgo  was  17,626.061  marks  ($4,195,003), 
leaving    a    balance    of    1,632,994    marks 
($388,652).    The  balance  or  gain  in  1908' 
was  3,771,287  marks   ($897,566)   and  in, 
1907  it  was  3,505,643   ($834,343). 

The  average  income  per  member  in 
1909  was  55.28  marks  ($13.16),  the 
average  outgo  50.59  marks  ($12.04),  and 
the  average  gain  4.69  marks  ($1.12) 
against  10.98  marks  ($2.61)  in  1908 
and  11.33  marks  ($2.70)  in  1907.  The 
reserve  fund  in  1909  was  5,6,56,210  marks 
($1,346,178)  against  3,819,097  marks 
($808,945)   in  1908. 

(To  he  concluded) 


October  29.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


869 


Mining  Coal    in    Southern    Indiana 

Details    of    Methods  Employed  in    a   Field  Where    Shooting  from  the 
Sohd    Prevails.      Cost    of    Mining    and     Amount    of     Powder    Used 


BY        FLOYD 


W 


PARSONS 


The  Indiana  operators  succeeded  in 
reaching  an  agreement  with  the  miners 
several  months  before  the  strike  in  the 
Illinois  field  was  called  off;  as  a  conse- 
quence, the  Indiana  mines  were  looked 
10  as  a  source  of  fuel  supply  by  the 
markets  affected  by  the  Illinois  and  the 
Southwestern  suspension.  It  is  prob- 
able that  Indiana  operators  have  as  good, 
if  not  better  conditions  for  oper- 
ating their  coal  mines  than  any  field  in 
America.  It  is  rather  peculiar  that  condi- 
tions in  Indiana  should  be  so  favorable, 
while  just  across  the  line  in  Illinois,  the 
reverse-  is  true.  In  Illinois,  the  differen- 
tial for  machine  mining  is  7c.,  while  in 
Indiana  the  differential  is  12;_.c.  The 
low  differential  in  Illinois  has  prevented 
the  extensive  use  of  mining  machines 
n  that-State.  It  is  remarkable,  and  much 
0  the  credit   of   mining   machines,   that 


Indiana  Fifth  Largest  Producer 
Indiana  is  the  fifth  largest  coal-produc- 
ing State  in  the  Union.  The  production 
last  year  amounted  to  more  than  13.01)0,- 
000  tons,  and  exceeded  the  production 
of  Alabama  by  about  1,000,000  tons.  Ala- 
bama has  heretofore  ranked  fifth  among 
the  coal-producing  States,  but  from  pres- 
ent indications,  and  judging  from  the 
active  development  going  forward  in  In- 
diana, Alabama  will  have  difficulty  in 
•again  producing  more  than  Indiana. 
There  are  about  23  counties  in  Indiana 
from  which  coal  is  produced.  Sullivan 
county  has  the  greatest  tonnage,  while 
Orange  county  has  the  smallest  estimated 
total  tonnage.  Revised  figures  for  the 
State  show  an  estimated  total  coal  ton- 
nage amounting  to  47,000,000,000  tons. 
About  one-third  of  this  estimated  total 
tonnage  is  given  as  available  coal. 


coal  docs  not  cake  in  burning  and  breaks 
with  ditficulty  across  the  bedding.  In- 
diana coals  differ  from  those  in  West 
Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  in  that  the 
latter  coals  are  higher  in  fixed  carbon 
and  lower  in  moisture.  Indiana  coal  will 
average  about  10  per  cent,  in  moisture, 
and  has  not  been  coked  successfully. 

The  coal  beds  of  Indiana  dip  slightly 
to  the  west  and  southwest.  The  thick- 
est seam  so  far  worked  is  10  ft.  6  in. 
Gas  is  met  with  only  in  the  deeper  mines 
Most  of  the  mining  has  been  done  by 
shafts,   the   deepest   of  which    is   460    ft. 

Cost  of  Mining 

As  to  the  cost  of  mining  coal  in  In- 
diana, the  average  may  be  given  as  69c. 
per  ton;  at  a  few  mines,  the  cost  is  as 
low  as  54c.,  while  at  other  properties, 
with  less  favorable  conditions  and  where 


Fig.  I.    Mine;  Nu.  20  or  the  Oak  Hill  Coal  and 
Mining  Company 


Fig.  2.  Mini;  No.  19  of  the  Oak  Hill  Co.mpany,  Known 
as  "Klondyki-"  .Mine 


hey  have  been  able  to  make  any  gains 
t  all  in  Illinois. 

iEAsoN  For  Diffhrence  In  Conditions 

Many  causes  are  given  to  account  for 
he  differen.-e  in  labor  conditions  in  the 
*'o  States.  In  Illinois,  the  Union  abso- 
lutely dominates  the  industry.  In  In- 
iana,  the  operators  have  succeeded  in 
olding  their  own.  In  the  latter  State, 
,he  strength  of  the  operators  is  due  prin- 
ipally  to  the  fact  that  there  are  not  so 
lany  small  and  weak  companies.  In  Illi- 
ois  the  field  is  filled  with  small  inde- 
endent  companies  who  cannot  afford  to 
land  out  and  fight,  so  that  in  all  dif- 
jerences  with  the  Miners'  Union,  these 
■  eak  companies  have  been  forced  into 
arly  submission. 


Co.mposition  of  Indiana  Coal 

An  average  ultimate  analysis  of  In- 
diana coal  shows  the  following:  Carbon. 
61  lb.;  hydrogen,  5.5  lb.;  oxygen,  18  lb.: 
nitrogen,  1.1  lb.;  sulphur,  3  lb.;  ash,  11.4 
lb.  The  heat  value  of  the  coal  repre- 
sented by  the  above  analysis  is  11,200 
B.t.u.  per  pound. 

The  "block"  coals  in  Indiana  have  done 
more  to  make  the  State  famous  as  a  coal 
producer  than  the  bituminous  coals  found 
within  her  borders.  The  Indiana  bitum- 
inous coal  is  not  strongly  laminated; 
cakes  in  burning,  and  breaks  equally  well 
in  all  directions.  The  block  coal  is  dis- 
tinctly laminated  and  splits  readily  along 
these  laminations,  which,  when  exposed, 
show  charcoal-like  surfaces.     This  block 


the  seam  is  deep  and  the  roof  bad,  the 
cost  has  been  known  to  run  as  high  as 
90c.  per  ton.  Indiana  operators  and  min- 
ers have  adopted  the  eight-hour  day, 
which  means  eight  hours'  actual  work  in 
the  mine.  This  is  exclusive  of  the  time 
required  in  reaching  the  working  place 
underground.  It  is  also  stipulated  in  the 
general  agreement  that  when  the  men  go 
into  the  mine  in  the  morning,  they  shall 
be  entitled  to  two  hours'  pay,  w^hether 
or  not  the  mine  works  the  full  two  hours. 
The  pay  of  miners  in  Indiana  for  run-of- 
mine  coal  is  as  follows:  Runner,  8c  ; 
helper.  7'jC.;  loading,  shooting  and  tim- 
bering 32'/.'c.;  total  48c.  The  pay  for 
screened  lump  totaled  in  a  similar  man- 
ner is  76c.  In  each  case  the  price  given 
is  for  a  punching  machine.     For  a  chain 


870 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  29.  1910. 


machine,  the  totals  are  45'4c.  for  run-of- 
mine,  and  72;. .c.  for  screened  lump. 

Cost  of  Shooting 

No  permissible  explosives  are  used  in 
the  mines  of  the  Clinton  district.  The 
powder  used  is  known  as  F  and  also  FF. 
In  Illinois  the  operators  are  attempting 
to  introduce  permissible  e.xplosives,  and 
up  to  the  present  time  the  most  popular 
permissible  explosive  used  is  No.  3  car- 
bonite,  which  is  fired  with  quintuble  caps 
and  fuse.  There  is  a  clause  in  the  new 
Illinois  contract  covering  permissible  ex- 
plosives. 


beyond  this  point,  the  miner  has  to  stand 
the  expense  of  firing  except  insofar  as 
the  recent  5.55  per  cent,  increase  in  the 
day  wage  scale  is  concerned. 

Shooting  from  the  Solid 

It  is  difficult  to  realize  that  notwith- 
standing the  rapid  progress  made  during 
the  past  few  years  toward  more  improved 
methods  of  mining  coal,  and  the  safe- 
guarding of  lives  and  property,  the  min- 
ers in  Indiana  and  Illinois  (especially  in 
the  latter  State)  persist  in  their  deter- 
mination to  shoot  the  coal  from  the 
solid.     Aside  from  the  great  danger  that 


Underground  Methods 
The  methods  of  mining  in  Indiana  do 
not  differ  radically  from  the  schemes  em- 
ployed in  other  fields.  The  mines  are 
laid  out  on  the  room-and-pillar  system, 
with  from  20  to  60  rooms  per  panel.  The 
accompanying  table  gives  the  dimensions 
and  other  data  for  the  rooms,  pillars  and 
entries  of  the  Brazil  Block  Company. 
Fig.  7  shows  a  general  plan  of  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  planned  mines  in 
Indiana. 

One  of  the  most  vital  points  in  the 
layout  of  a  coal  mine  is  to  secure  proper 
partings   and   a   well-arranged   bottom  at 


Fic.  3.    Oak  Hill  No.  2  Jlst  Bei.ng  Co.mpleted,  a.\d  the 
Newest  Operation  of  the  Oak  Hill  Company 


Fig.  4.    Rht'Des  Shaft  or  .Mine  No.  8  Operated  by 
Brazil    Block    Coal   Company 


^».^3^^ 

^^^^^^^■»'«4I^^H| 

rfwm^ 

.^^V^r^^BV^^^^H^^^^^Hmi 

S^'^^i'i^' 

Fig.  5.   Twin  Mines  Known  as  Crown  Hill  Nos. 
1  and  3  Operated  by  Clinton  Coal  Company 


Fig.  6.   New  Mine  Being  Opened  by  Jackson  Hill 
Coal  Co.mpany  Known  as  Jackson  Hill  No.  5 


The  average  miner  in  Indiana  uses 
about  one  keg  of  powder  (25  lb.)  to 
mine  25  tons  of  coal,  or  1  lb.  of  powder 
per  ton  of  coal.  A  keg  of  powder  costs 
S1.75,  so  that  a  miner  uses  about  7c. 
worth  of-  powder  per  ton.  As  a  general 
rule,  three  holes  are  fired  in  the  face  of 
each  roof,  and  about  6  ft.  of  fuse  is  used 
per  hole.  The  fuse  costs  40c.  per  100 
ft.,  so  that  this  item  is  an  insignificant 
expense.  The  Indiana  operator  has  to 
pay  the  shot-firer  ;<tc.  per  ton  for  mine- 
run  coal,  and  He.  per  ton  for  screened 
coal.  In  Illinois,  the  operator  is  obliged 
to  pay  all  the  shot-firing  costs,  up  to  the 
cost  per  ton   under  the   last  agreement; 


accompanies  this  practice,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  the  inferior  grade  of  coal  pro- 
duced, shooting  from  the  solid  entails 
more  labor  on  the  part  of  the  men  in 
mining  the  coal  out  after  the  shots  have 
been  fired.  Perhaps  the  principal  rea- 
son why  the  miners  are  opposed  to  ma- 
chine mining  and  favor  shooting  from 
the  solid  is  that  they  want  to  get  away 
from  the  laboring  idea.  Each  miner 
wants  to  be  an  independent  craftsman, 
and  have  a  room  independent  and  all  to 
himself.  When  machines  are  used,  the 
men  have  to  load  with  a  buddy,  and  they 
then  consider  themselves  hardly  more 
than  common   laborers. 


the  foot  of  the  shaft.  Fig.  9  shows  that 
this  was  well  accomplished  by  the  Brazil 
Block  Coal  Company,  at  their  No.  18 
mine,  .^mple  pillars  have  been  left  to 
protect  the  shaft  and  the  bottom  partings, 
pnd  the  arrangement  is  admirable  for 
getting  the  loads  and  empties  to  and  from 
the  shaft.  The  mule  stable  is  situated 
convenient  to  the  shaft,  and  is  well  lo- 
cated for  easy  ventilation.  At  many  of 
the  mines  in  Indiana  and  Illinois,  the 
mules  are  brought  up  on  the  cage  every 
night. 

Ventilation 
Almost   every  make  of  fan   is  used  in 


October  29,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


871 


Room    and  Pillar  Data  for  Mines  of 

Brazil  Block  Coal  Co. 
Office  of  Chief  Engineer 

ilini- 

Depth 
ot  Shaft 

Thirkiios. 
or  Cual 

Character 
of   Roof 

Character 
of  Floor 

Width  of  Pillars 

Width  of  Entries  and  Rooms 

.Mum  Kilt.  Uross  Km. 

I'aoel  Ent. 

Hooms 

Main  Gut. 

Cross  Kut. 

Panel  Km. 

Kooiiis 

Leugth  of 
Koom  Neck 

width  of 
Boom  Neck 

2 

202' 

5'8" 

Bastard 
Saodstooe 

fireclay 

21'                  21' 

is' 

10 

9' 

9' 

9 

24' 

18' 

9' 

3 

192 

5' 8" 

Bastard 

Fire-clay 

21 

18' 

10 

9' 

9' 

9' 

24' 

18' 

9' 

4 

217 

6' 8' 

Bastard 

Fire-clay 

25 

21- 

10 

9' 

9' 

9' 

24' 

18' 

9' 

5 

81' 

4'8' 

Black  Slate 

2to2.>,' 
Firc-rlny 

21 

21 



9 

8' 

9 

— 

23' 

12' 

8' 

R 

111' 

4'7" 

?to  2,'S' 
Black  Slate 

2' to  3' 
Fire-clay 

21' 

21' 



9 

12' 

9' 

— 

23' 

12' 

8' 

7 

217' 

6'0' 

!■  to  5- 
Blacli  Slate 

Fire-clay 

21' 

21' 



9 

9' 

9' 

— 

21' 

12' 

8' 

8 

200' 

60' 

Slate 

Saudstoue 

21' 

'•1 

21' 

9 

9' 

9' 

12' 

22' 

12' 

8' 

11 

490 

10' 0" 

Shale 

Fire-clay 

30' 

;              30' 

IC 

9' 

9' 

9' 

24' 

20' 

9' 

12 

82' 

4'6' 

Saudaloue 

Thick 
Fire-clav 

2l'-^ 

:■;              — 

8 

-f  - 

8' 

8' 

— 

27'+- 

12' 

8' 

13 

148' 

5'0  ' 

Soft 
Draw  Slntc 

Fire-clay 

20 '-24' 

;                  — 

6'- 8 

9' 

12'! 

— 

27 'i 

12' 

9' 

14 

103' 

5'8' 

Soft 
Draw  Slule 

Fire-clay 

18'-f 

Id  + 

— 

9 

♦ 

12' 

9't 

— 

18to28 

12' 

9' 

18 

602' 

10' 0' 

Shale 

Fire-clay 

30' 

30 

30' 

16 

9' 

9' 

9' 

24' 

20' 

9' 

19 

300' 

6'2' 

Slate 

Fire-clay 

21' 

21' 

— 

9 

9' 

9' 

— 

21' 

12' 

8' 

20 

149' 

4'8' 

I'j'  to  4' 
Black  Slate 

1'  to  20' 
Fire-clav 

21' 

21' 

— 

9 

9' 

9' 

— 

23' 

12' 

8' 

22 

584' 

8'8" 

Slate  & 

Fire-clay 

40' 

40' 

30' 

20 

12' 

•      12' 

12' 

30 

15' 

12' 

23 

225' 

6  0' 

rto  a' 
Black  Slate 

Fire-clay 

21' 

21' 

•     — 

9 

9'' 

9' 

— 

22' 

12' 

8' 

24 

549' 

8'0" 

Slate  i 
Limerock 

F^ire-clay 

40' 

40' 

30' 

20 

12' 

12' 

12' 

30' 

15' 

12' 

42 

187' 

5' 8" 

Ilustord 
Saiidstoue 

Fire-clay 

25' 

26' 

18' 

10 

9' 

9- 

9' 

24' 

18' 

9' 

44 

166' 

6'6' 

Bastard 
Saudstone 

Fire-clay 

25' 

25' 

18' 

10 

9' 

9' 

9' 

24' 

18' 

9' 

60 

87' 

50" 

Black  Slate 

Fire-clay 

21' 

21' 



9 

S' 

9' 

— 

23' 

12' 

8' 

The  Etiffintering  ^  J/inin?  Journal 


Fee  Simple 

1 1 


.Vinlnjf  Journal 


Fic.  7.   Mine  No.  8,  Lrased  From  Derinc  Coal  Company  and  Operateo  by  Brazil  Block  Coal  Company 


872 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


the  ventilation  of  Indiana  mines.  Prac- 
tically all  of  these  fans,  however,  are  re- 
versible, and  are  used  as  blowers.  The 
reason  for  running  the  fans  as  blowers 
is  to  send  the  warm  air  from  the  mine 
up  the  hoisting  shaft  and  "in  this  way 
prevent  ice  from  collecting  in  the  shaft 
in  cold  weather.  Steam  has  been  intro- 
duced into  the  intake  at  many  mines  for 
the  purpose  of  getting  moisture  into  the 
workings  and  thus  dampening  the  dust. 
This  system  has  been  abandoned  at  prac- 
tically all  mines  because  it  started  falls 
of  roof. 

Stoppings  Built  of  Lath 

Brick  or  concrete  stoppings  are  em- 
ployed in  but  few  mines.  A  unique 
method  of  building  stoppings  has  been 
adopted  by  the  Brazil  Block  Company, 
and  consists  in  using  "Burkett"  lath. 
This  lath  comes  with  a  groove  cut  in 
the  face  of  the  lath  so  that  after  the 
laths  have  been  nailed  up,  the  surface 
can  be  plastered  with  wood  fiber,  which 
latter  is  manufactured  by  the  United 
States  Gypsum  Company.  This  wood 
fiber  is  mixed  with  50  per  cent.  sand. 

Such  a  stopping  costs  about  one-third 
of  what  a  brick  stopping  does,  and  is  ab- 
solutely air  tight.  A  brattice  of  this  sort 
can  be  repaired  in  five  minutes  if  injured 

Empties  for 
South 
Workings 


seam  is  400  ft.  below  the  surface,  and  is 
5  ft.  thick — 1  per  cent,  of  400  =  4,  4+  5 
=  9.  9  X  5  ==  45  ft.,  or  the  thickness 
of   pillar. 

Shorter  Scales  Now  Used 

One  interesting  installation  I  noticed 
on  the  surface  at  several  mines  was  The 
arrangement  of  the  scales.  The  scales  now 
adopted  and  being  used  at  the  more  mod- 


•Ilte  Eiigineeying  j  Mining  Juv 


Fig.  8.    Showing  System  Used  at  Some 

Indiana  Mines;    Inferior  to  that 

Shown  in  Fig.  9 

by  a  shot.  The  plaster  is  not  put  on  until 
;he  face  where  the  shooting  is  done,  has 
advanced  at  least  100  ft.  from  the  cross- 
cut. By  following  this  plan,  the  shooting 
does  not  destroy  the  plastering.  The 
lath  is  bought  in  8- ft.  lengths  and  is 
nailed  on  2x4-in.  scantlings.  It  costs  less 
than  ship  lap.  The  plaster  costs  about 
S8  per  ton  in  carload  lots,  and,  as  before 
stated,  is  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity 
of  sand.  Indiana  operators  claim  that 
they  would  rather  have  a  stopping  made 
in  this  way  than  one  constructed  of  brick. 
Their  contention  is  that  a  brick  stopping 
is  no  more  air  tight,  and  is  no  safer  in 
case  of  an  explosion. 

To  Get  Thickness  of  Pillars 
Indiana  operators  and  engineers  are 
now  endeavoring  to  lay  out  their  mines 
in  a  manner  that  will  provide  pillars  of 
sufficient  size  to  prevent  squeezes.  In 
calculating  the  thickness  of  pillar  neces- 
sary to  protect  an  entry  from  the  first 
room  in  a  panel,  one  company  has  se- 
lected a  simple  and  fairly  accurate  meth- 
od. The  scheme  is  to  take  1  per  cent,  of 
the  depth  of  the  Seam  in  feet,  then  add 
5  ft.,  and  multiply  this  sum  by  the  thick- 
ness of  the  seam.     For  example:    If  the 


ped  down,  weighed,  and  then,  by  means 
of  a  cable  which  is  quickly  attached,  the 
empty  car  is  pulled  back  under  the  tip- 
ple. Loading  goes  on  all  the  time  this 
operation  is  in  progress.  After  the  car  is 
pulled  back,  and  the  loading  is  well  un-' 
der  way,  the  car  is  gradually  dropped 
back  down  by  gravity,  and  then  weighed 
again  after  it  is  finally  loaded.  A  small 
engine  and  drum  sitting  beside  the  track 


)(1 


I^^Tk 


00  Rooms  per  Panel 


^czO 


■g$W; 


-low-  -100O^-78S' 


1 


Brazil  Block  Coal  Co. 

Plan  of  Bottom 

Mine  18. 

West  Frankfort,  III. 

Scale.  40'=)io'and  1000=?;^" 

i 


AiT-Gou^se-i- 


o 


w^ 


^noc 


Lj 


L 


The  t'n.ji'iMri'iy  ^  l/ini'ii;  .f.i-rial 

Fig.  9.  Showing  Details  of  Bottom  Arrangement  and  Scheme  for  Working 

ON  Panel  System 


em  mines  are  42  ft.  in  length.  This  com- 
pares with  72  ft.,  which  was  the  length 
of  the  old  style  of  scales  employed.  When  ■ 
these  long  scales  were  used,  the  empty 
car  was  weighed  on  one  end  of  the  scales, 
then  loaded,  and  again  weighed  on  the 
other  end.  One  engineer  claims  that 
such  a  long  scales  is  a  mechanical  mon- 
strosity. 

In  the  plan  now  used,  where  the  short 
scales  is  employed,  the  empty  car  is  drop- 


is  used  to  pull  the  car  back  under  the 
tipple.  Those  who  einploy  this  system 
claim,  (1)  that  the  maintenance  of  the 
scales  is  less,  (2)  the  car  always  is  under 
control,  (3)  in  winter  the  engine  can  be 
used  to  pull  the  cars  down  under  the 
tipple  if  they  are  stuck. 

Coal-mining  methods  in  Indiana  are  so 
far  ahead  of  what  prevailed  a  few  years 
ago.  that  there  is  no  basis  for  compari- 
son.    The  one  practice  that  is  a  blot  on 


October  29,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


873 


the  reputation  of  Indiana  and  Illinois  as 
reputable  producers  of  coal,  is  the  evil 
system  of  shooting  from  the  solid.  All 
of  the  recent  talk  about  improved  mining 
laws  in  these  States  seems  like  so  much 
bosh  when  we  remember  that  they  still 
employ  the  most  destructive  and  most 
dangerous,  as  well  as  most  antiquated 
method  of  getting  the  coal.     One  super- 


looking  for  additional  problems  to  solve. 
I  wish  to  extend  my  thanks  to  Mr. 
Garcia,  general  superintendent  and  chief 
engineer  of  the  Brazil  Block  Coal  Com- 
pany, for  the  many  courtesies  extended, 
and  for  supplying  me  with  numerous 
drawings  and  much  of  the  data  here 
used.  I  am  also  indebted  to  Mr.  Shirkie, 
of  the  Oak  Hill  Coal  Mining  Company, 


JTgY  Tfu  Erij/inttrin^  f  Mlntnff  Journal 

EZ3   Oak  Hill  Coal  4:  MiaiQg  Co.  E^    Cummina  (  U.S.  Steel  Co.) 

ES   Clinton  Coal  Co.  ^M  ^iama  Coal  Co. 

^S  Jackiou  Hill  Coal  <i  Coke  Co.  ^B    New  Ciiiiury  Coal  Co. 


(555   Ilraill  Block  Coal  Co. 
™"        Ullneral  Klghn) 
^   Vermillion  Co.  Coal  Co. 

^I  Braill  nlock  Coal  Co. 

Fig.  10.  Holdings  of  Various  Companies  in  Clinton  District  of  Indiana 


Intendent  told  me  it  was  almost  impos- 
sible to  get  men  to  work  in  a  machine 
mine,  and  that  his  company  was  thinking 
of  changing  back  to  solid  shooting  at  a 
number  of  mines  where  machines  had  al- 
ready been  installed.  It  does  appear  that 
those  who  have  in  hand  the  framing  of 
mine  laws  in  Indiana  and  Illinois,  as  well 
as  those  who  have  been  appointed  to  en- 
force the  adoption  of  safe  and  sane 
methods,  have   their  hands   full   without 


for  material  aid  in  helping  arrange  my 
visit  to  the  mines  of  the  Clinton  district. 


The  present  yearly  capacity  of  the 
Steel  Corporation's  new  plant  at  Gary, 
Ind.,  is  1,200,000  tons  of  pig  iron  and 
2,700,000  tons  open-hearth  steel.  The  ca- 
pacity of  the  mills  is  1,200,000  tons 
blooms  and  billets,  1,200,000  tons  rails, 
600,000  tons  merchant  bars,  240,000  tons 
plates  and  100,000  tons  car  axles. 


Chinese  Coal  for  the  United 
States 

Consul-general  Knabenshue,  of  Tien- 
tsin, China,  reports  that  on  Aug.  10,  1910, 
a  Chinese  mining  company  made  a  ship- 
ment of  sample  coal,  coke  and  cement  to 
San  Francisco.  The  total  value  of  the 
shipment  amounted  to  S34,863;  the  cargo 
was  made  up  as  follows:  Anthracite, 
2000  tons;  lump,  920  tons;  slack,  1980 
tons;  special  coke,  5  tons;  cement,  10 
casks.  The  fact  of  this  shipment  is  more 
significant  when  it  is  considered  in  the 
light  of  the  recent  departure  for  the 
United  States  of  a  representative  of  the 
company,  under  instructions  to  inspect 
the  larger  towns  and  cities  of  the  Pacific 
coast  with  a  view  to  discovering  a  market 
therein  for  the  product  of  his  company. 
It  means  that  a  definite  and  energetic 
attempt  is  being  made  by  the  Chinese 
company  to  find  an  opening  outside  of 
China  for  its  excess  output,  and  if  the 
attempt  is  successful,  American  coal  will 
find  a  dangerous  rival  on  the  Pacific 
slope.  This  Chinese  company  is  one  of 
the  strongest  and  best  managed  industrial 
concerns  in  China,  if  not  the  strongest. 
It  has  behind  it  substantial  Belgian  and 
British  capitalists,  and  its  direction  is  by 
an  able  foreign  engineer.  Up  to  the 
present  time,  it  may  be  said  to  have  been 
in  a  stage  of  preparation,  but  it  is  now 
in  a  position  to  hold  its  own  in  the  Chin- 
ese coal  inarket  and  to  look  abroad  for 
other  markets  to  supply. 

The  head  office  of  the  company  in 
China  is  at  Tientsin,  and  the  mines  and 
factories  of  the  company  are  in  what  is 
commonly  known  as  Kaiping  basin,  about 
200  miles  northeast  of  Tientsin,  on  the 
line  of  the  Imperial  railway  of  North 
China. 


i(j|||GOLLIERY- NOTES  |[ji^ 


The  Pocahontas  Coal  and  Coke  Com- 
pany in  southern  West  Virginia,  has  pur- 
chased 5000  acres  for  the  purpose  of 
planting  trees  to  grow  mine  timbers. 

It  is  reported  that  a  bill  will  he  in- 
troduced in  the  next  Texas  Legislature, 
calling  for  the  regulation  of  electric 
wires  in  mines.  Other  probable  amend- 
ments will  prohibit  the  stabling  of  ani- 
mals in  mines,  and  will  require  all  oper- 
ators in  mines  to  report  promptly  all  fa- 
tal accidents,  with  the  attendant  circum- 
stances, such  reports  to  be  made  to  the 
State  Mine  Inspector. 

The  strike  of  44,000  coal  miners  in  Ill- 
inois, which  was  settled  recently,  is  esti- 
mated to  have  cost  the  miners  $12,000.- 
000  in  wages.  The  loss  to  the  operators 
during  the  five  months'  shut  -down  is 
placed  at  .SIS.OOO.OOO.  The  annual  pro- 
duction of  coal  in  Illinois  amounts  to 
50,000.000  tons,  and  the  shortage  this 
year,  due  to  the  strike,  will  be  in  the 
neighborhood  of  20,000.000  tons. 


874 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


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pj^         /\nrif\        /\j\rv\        /fcfif^^        ^■■■■■■. ^^  ^^  ___ 

MINING  AND  METALLURGICAL  PATENTS 

^    ^     A     CLASSIFIED      LIST      OF 
"^       -^         NEW    INVENTIONS 

'VvYV      Myx)(      XKX)(      XXXJ 


^       ^ 


vvv      »>v.       iiU      »v^      ^^U      vvw»       y>«^      ii^^      ^^^^      >«»"      XXHX      Xn)M 


1 


\  conv  of  the  specifications  of  any  of  tliese 
patents  issued  liy  the  rnitt-d  .  Stales  Patent 
Omce  will  he  mailed  liy  T.iic  EN.iiNEEKiMj 
A^P  MlviN-o  -TotKN.u.  upon  the  receipt  ot  ^o 
cents  British  patents  are  supplied  at  40 
cents'  In  orderina  specifications,  correspond- 
ents are  re.juested^  to  sive  the  numher.  name 
of  inventor  and  dale  ot  issue. 

CO.\l.   A>n   COKE 

RRIOFETS — Improvements  in  and  Relat- 
ing to  the  Manufacture  of  Toa I  Briquets. 
C  E.  llite.  Burlington.  X.  -T-  (Brit.  Jso. 
27,960   of   lOiitl.i 

COXIj  CfTTINt;— Bit  for  Mining  Machines 
of  the  Cuttinn-Chain  Type.  Charles  V  Bar- 
ton. Ilarristmrs.  111.,  assisrnor  ot  <me-halt  to 
James  B.  BlacUman.  Ilarrisl.ur.s.  111.  ( I  .  »■ 
No.   071.34.".:    Sept.    :;7.    I'.nii.  i 

COKE^Heating  Arrangement  for  Retort 
Coke  Ovens.  Eugene  W.  King.  Syracuse, 
\  Y  assignor  to  Semet-Solvay  Company. 
Syracuse  X?  Y.  <  r.  S.  Xo.  070.72(1:  Sept. 
20.    1010.) 

CCiKV. — Improvements  in  Machines  f"i' r>;«- 
charging  and  Charging  Gas  Uetoils  or  Coke 
ovens.  Rene  Fahiy.  Shethold.  l-.ng.  (But. 
Xo.    6813    of    lOlii.) 

COKE — Improvements  in  the  Treatment  of 
Gases  Produced  hy  Hestructive  Distillation  of 
Coal  or  the  Like.  Waltlier  Iihy,  London. 
Eng.      (Brit.    Xo.    17.42(1   of    10(10.1 

COKE  FrRX.\CE.  Wilhelm  Mueller,  Diis- 
seldort  Germany.  iV.  S.  Xo.  071.1.S7:  Sept. 
27,    101(1.1 

MIXIXG      METIIOn— Method      of      Mining 

Coal."     Harry     -\.     Kuhn.      I'.i't-lVoi'f.  ^       ""' 

(V.    S.    Xo.    070.72..:    Sept.    2(1,  1010.) 

«\rF,TY    I>.\M1'S — Apparatus  for   Fighting 

Min'ers'     Safety     Lamps.       .Tohn  Cunningham 

Bowie.     Cardifl-.     England,     and  .Tohn    ll(^np 

Pht.lps.   Yokohama,    .lapan.      (I.  S-    Xo.    .i<-.- 
G7.->:   OeL   11,    1010.1 

COPPER 

COXVERTER.  with  C.auluiis  lor  Intro- 
ducing Fluxing  Material.  Wilham  .1.  Murphy 
and  Alhert  E.  Culley.  Butte.  M,mt.  (L.  S. 
No.   072..-.64:    Oct.    11.    10111.) 

IIYliROMETALLFKGY— Method  of  Separ- 
ating Metals  from  \Vct-I'rocess  I.upiors.  .lohn 
II.  Thwaites  and  Stephen  .Ta mieson  Ralph 
Peterhorough.  England.  (L.  S.  Xo.  0i2.o84, 
Oct.   11,    1010.1 

GOl.n      VXD    >5II.VER 

\M\LGAMAT01!  for  Flour  tlold.  .Joseph 
11  '  McXeil.  East  Saugus.  Mass.  ( I  .  S.  Xo. 
070..-.::c. :    Sept.    2(i.    loio.  i 

CY\XiniXG — Treatment  of  Ores  Bearing 
Precioiis  Metals,  .tohn  Collins  Clanc.v  Xew 
York  X.  Y.  (F.  S.  Nos.  !171,2..1  and  0,1.- 
252  ;    Sept.    27,    1010.  | 

HYnRAFLIC  MIXIXG— Flume  or  Conduit. 
William  .lohn  Smith.  San  Luis  Oluspo.  t  al. 
(F.    S.   Xo.   !i71.os7:    Sept.   27.    lOKi.l 

ORE  TRF.VTMEXT — Improvements  in  .\p- 
paratus  for  the  Treatment  of  Crushed  Ore 
Products  for  the  Recovery  of  the  Metal  (  on- 
tents.  Ale.xiuuhu-  .lohn  Arhuckle.  .lohannes- 
hurg.    Transvaal.      (Brit.    Xo.    :i4S.s    of   1010.) 

ORE  TRE.VTMEXT  -Improvements  Relat- 
ing to  the  Tr.-at\nent  of  Auriferous  or  Argetl- 
tiferous  Minerals  Alfred  Andrew  Lockwood. 
London.   Eng.      (I'.ril.    No.   24.00:'.   of  1000. i 

ORE  TREATMF.XT — Process  of  Treating 
Ores  Edwin  P.  Goodwin.  Ward.  Colo.  (T  .  S. 
No.    070.:!2.-. :    Sepl.     i:t.    1010.) 

IIIOV      \M)    STIORI, 

AIR — Art  of  Treating  .Mr  lo  Maintain  Con- 
stant Moisture.  .lohn  II.  Miles.  St.  Davids. 
Penn.      IV.   S.    Xn.   071.207:    Sept.   27.    1010.) 

BLAST  FFRXACE.  Charles  IT.  Bradley. 
Enslev.  Ala.  tl'.  S.  No.  067.602:  Aug.  16, 
1010.) 

BL.SST  -  FFRX.XCE  COOLING  APP.\R- 
ATT'S.  .Tiillan  Kenn^dv.  Pltlshnrg.  Penn. 
(F.    S.   Xo.   07(i.:'.76:    Sept.    13.   1010.) 

BLAST-FFRXACE  GAS— Process  for  Pur- 
ifying Blast  Furnace  and  Other  Gases.  Fran- 
cols  Setuilclire.  Ll^ge.  Belirluiu.  tl'.  S.  Xo. 
{)70.6.".4 :    Sept.    20.    1010.) 


DRY-AIR  BLAST — Method  of  Extracting 
Moisture  from  Air.  .Tames  Gayley.  Xew 'iork. 
X.  Y.      (F.   S.   Xo.  070,45:3;   Sept.   1:3,   1010.) 

ELECTRIC  FFRXACE  —  Electric  Furnace 
for  Transforming  Pig  Iron  Into  Steel. _  (ins- 
tave  (iin,  Paris.  France,  assignor  to  I'  rancis 
B  Crocker.  Xew  York.  X.  Y'.  1 1'.  S.  Xo. 
070.700:    Sept.    2o.    1010.  i 

REFIXIXG — Improvements  in  Converters 
or  Vessels  for  Refining  Iron  and  Steel.  Benj. 
Talhot.  Middleshrough,  I':ng.  (Brit.  Xo. 
22.304    of    1000.) 

STAG  DISIXTEGRATOR.  Edwin  Uamb. 
Youngstown.  Ohio,  assignor  of  one-halt  to 
German  P..  Buehiie.  Y'oungstown.  Ohio.  (l.S. 
Xo.    071,853  :    Oct.    4.    1010.) 

LEAD.    ZIXC    AXn    OTHER    METALS 

LE\D  OXIDE  —  Improvements  in  the 
Method  of  and  Means  for  Making  Lead  Oxide. 
Samuel  I'ope.  Manchester,  England.  (Lrit. 
Xo.    11.526    of    10(10.) 

QFICKSILVER  APPARATFS.  Ira  lTa_g;e- 
man.  San  Francisco.  Cal.  (F.  S.  Xo.  OiO.- 
705;    Sept.    20,    1010.) 

SODIFM — Process  for  the  Manufacture  of 
Metallic  Sodium.  Paul  L^on  Hnlin.  Grenohle. 
France  assignor  to  Societe  d'Electro-(  himie, 
Paris  France,  and  Paul  Leon  Ilulin.  '-ren- 
„l,le.  France,  d".  S.  Xo.  071. lOS:  Sept.  2,, 
1010.) 

TIN — APPARATFS  for  Extracting  Tin 
from  Tin  Scraps.  Emerson  Corson  Ili.ggins, 
Bavonne.  X.  .L.  assignor  ot  one-halt  to  Al- 
fred D  Britton.  trustee.  Brooklyn.  X.  Y. 
(F.    S.   Xo.   065. 5S0;    .Tuly    26.    1010.) 

XOXUETAI.MC    MINERALS 


Plate.         .Tohn     M. 
(F.   S.  Xo.  071,1.53; 


DOLOMITE — Process  of  Treating  Dolomite, 
.lean    .Toseph    Gathy.    Mons.    Belgium.      (!'.    S. 


and    Apparatus 

.\ndrew     Sattler, 

No.    066,772  ;    Aug. 


Xo.    071.368:    Sept.    27.    1010, 
PETROI.ET'JI — Method    of 
for     Pumping     Oil     Wells. 
Carpinteria.    Cal.      (F.    S. 
0.    1010.) 

MIMXf;— GEXER-^I- 

AERIAL  TRAMWAYS  —  Bucket-Operated 
and  Supporting  Grip  for  Single-Rope  -Serial 
Tramways.  .Tohn  .1.  A.  Miller.  Denver,  Colo. 
(F.    S.    No.    OfiS.StiO  ;    Aug.    30.    1010.) 

DREDGE — Combination  Dredge  and  Con- 
vever.  Franklin  P.  Eastman.  Xew  York. 
X.'  Y.      (F.    S.    Xo.   067.741:    Aug.    16.    1010.) 

DRILL — Rock  Drill.  Edwin  M.  Mackie  and 
Percival  F.  Dovle.  Franklin.  Penn..  assignors 
to  Chicago  Pneumatic  Tool  Company.  (  hi- 
cago.  111.      (F.  S.  Xo.  065,474:  .Tuly  26.  1010.) 

DRILLIXG — MiningDrill  Thread  Box  and 
Support.  Ge<.r._'e  W.  Xixon.  Chatlanooga, 
Tenn  assignor  to  Xixon  Mining'  Drill  Cora- 
panv  Inc..  Chattanooga.  Tenn.  (F.  S.  Xo. 
07i;467:    Sept.    27.    1010.) 

DRILLS — Imiirovements   in   Hydraulic  Rock 
Drills       W.   Wolski.   I>emherg.   Gallcia 
Xo.    7ii40    of    1010.) 

IXSFLATOR — Mine  Insulator 
Speakman.  Monongahela.  Penn. 
071.322:    Sept.    27,    1010.1 

MINERS       CAXDLESTICK. 
Beaton.   Cottonwood.   B.    C.      (T', 
50O:    .lulv    26.    101(1.) 

MlXi;i!-S  LAMP.  I^Ptei-  'r"';l<'«""-  P*"??" 
waler.    Mo        (F.    S.    Xo.    060..812:    Sept.    13. 

liiio.i 

PROI-— Mine  Prop.  •J?lin„"J''"";'^;.'riV"f : 
Dlisseldorf.  Germany.  (F.  S.  No.  OhO.S.,1  . 
Sept.    13.    1010.) 

PROPS  Flexlhio  Props  of  Iron  or  the  Like 
More  Parlicularlv  Intended  for  Ilse  as  Mine 
Props  Adam  PIttrolT.  Duislmrg.  Germanj. 
(Brit.    Xo.    11.701    of    1010.) 

PFMPS— Improvements  in  or  Relating  to 
Priming  of  Mine  or  Other  l^KmO"- ,  '•,'r'''vlf 
Barries  .lack.  I.etchworth.  Eng.  (Bilt.  Xo. 
20.355    of    10(10.) 

SIIM'T    SIXKING-Tmprovements    In    nncl 
Relalini:    to    Ihe    Sinking    of    Shafts.      Arnold 
Koeiie    Erkelenz.  Germany.      (Brit. 
of     1000.) 

TIMBERING  — 
.Joseph  C.  Pardue. 
No.    071.770;    Oct.    4.    1010. 


ORE    DRESSlXCi— GEXERAL 

COXCIOXTRATIXG  TABLE.  Arthur  R. 
Wilflev,  Denver,  Colo.,  assignor  to  Mine  and 
Smelter  Supply  Company.  Denver,  Colo.  (F.  S. 
Xo.   970,283;    Sept.    13.    1010.) 

CONCEXTRATOR  or  Separator.  (Jeorge 
W  Dennis,  llarvev.  111.  (F.  S.  Xo.  071,025; 
Sept.    27.    1010.1 

CRFSIIIXG — Ball-Mill 
Sherrerd,  Easton.   Penn. 
Sept.    27.     1010.) 

CRFSIIIXG — Ore  Crusher.  Isaac  Lemon 
Mitchell.  Cedar  Rapids.  Iowa.  (F.  S.  Xo. 
065. .S3o:    .luly    26.    1010.) 

.TIGtilXG — Improvements  in  or  Connected 
with  .Tiiiging  ileclianism  for  (.tperating  Con- 
veveis.  Separators  and  the  Lilie  for  (tres  and 
Other  Suhstances.  .laniis  Miners  Ilolraan, 
.lohn  Leonard  Holman.  Camborne,  Cornwall. 
I  Brit.   Xo.   4500   of   1000.) 

SEP.\RATIOX — Magnetic  Separator.  Ber- 
tram E.  Wood,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.  (F.  S. 
Xo.    071.163;     Sept.    27.     1010.) 

SEPARATIOX — Magnetic  Separator.  Fried- 
rich  Oscar  Schnelle.  Frankfort-on-the-Main. 
(Jerinany.  assignor  to  Wetherill  Separating 
Comiianv.  Xew  York.  ( F.  S.  Xo.  071.602: 
Oct.   4.   1010.) 

SEP.^RATIOX — Process  for  Separation  of 
Ingredients  of  Mixed  Solid  Materials.  Frank 
Sanderson  Mactiregor,  Hyde  I'ark.  Mass..  as- 
signor to  llutE  Electrostatic  Separator  Com- 
panv.  Boston,  Mass.  (F.  S.  No.  072.450;  Oct. 
11.  'lOlo.l 

SEPARATION — Process  of  Electrical  Sep- 
aration. Ilenrv  Azor  Wentworth.  Lynn.  Mass.. 
assignor  to  Ilutf  Electrostatic  Separator  Com- 
pany. Boston.  Mass.  (F.  S.  Xo.  907,OUl : 
Sept.   13.    1010.1 

SEPARATIOX  —  Process  of  Separation. 
Henrv  Azor  Wentworth,  Lynn.  Mass.,  as- 
signor to  Ilutt  Electrostatic  Separator  Com- 
panv.  Boston.  Mass.  ( F.  S.  Xo.  070.002: 
Sept.    13.    1010.1 

SETTLIXG    TAXKS — Improvements    in    or 
Connectiim    with    Settling    Tanks   for    Sep 


in  Connectiim  with  Settling  Tanks  for  Sep- 
arating Liriuid  from  Crushed-Ore  Products  and 
Other  :(;ranular  Materials.  W.  A.  Caldecon. 
Johannesburg.    Transvaal.      (Brit.    Xo.    20.i.i.. 


(Brit. 


Charles  W. 
(F.    S.    Xo. 


Daniel       B. 
S.    Xo.   065.- 


Fur 
(Brit 


Alberi 
S.    No.   071. 


No.  24.003 


-  Mine  -  Timbering     Mnchlno. 
Wlllowton.  W,   Vn       (I  .  S- 


of    1000. 

.METALLURGY— GENERAL 

CALCINING  AND  SMELTING  FFRXACK 
— An  Improved  Revolving  Muffled  Calcininf 
and  Smelting  Furnace.  William  Hai'i'lfS- 
Cardiff.  Wales.  (Brit.  Xo.  12.027  ot  1009. i 
CRICIBLE  FT'RXACE.  William  .Miller. 
Wellington.  Eng.  (F.  S.  Xo.  072.703:  Oct, 
11.    101(1.) 

ELECTRIC    FFRXACES — Improvements^  In 
Method   of  Chargins   Electric   Resistanc-  '•' 
naccs.    .\lhert  Petersson,  Odda,  Xorway. 
X'.i.    27.674    of    10(10.) 

ELECTRIC   FFRXACES — Method  ot  (;h.ari 
ins     Electric     Resistance     Furnaces 
Petersson.    Odda.    Xorvvay.       (I 
782:    Oct.    4.    1010.1 

METAI>LIR(;iCAl.  FFRXACF,  -Toljn  '•■ 
J.uies.  Xew  York.  X.  Y.  (  F.  S.  Xo.  068.ft.'5-t . 
Aug.    30.    1010.) 

M  \TTE  IL\XDT.IXG  —  Improvements  In  Al> 
paratus  for  nandlin;;  Matte  and  Like  I  n>; 
dncts  from  Blast  Furnaces.  Smellerles  an. 
Other  Iteduction  Works.  James  <  ■  1^''"*' 
(^,ntl■a  Costa.  Cal.  (Brit.  No.  20.0S3 
10(10.) 

ORE    TREATMENT— Method     of    Trentin 
Mixed    Siitiihide   and    Oxide    Ores, 
Baker.     Chicago.     III.       (F 
Oct.     11.    1010. 

ROASTING — Ore  Roaster.      Arthur  «•  W"' 
tlev.    Denver,    Colo.,    assignor    of    pne.hair 
Joseph     Seep.     Scrauton.    Penn.       (F.    ». 
060.027:    Sept.    1:!.    101(1.) 

SLAG- -Improved  Api.aratus  for  Alomljln: 
Licinid  Slag.  Buderus'scheMCl.senwerke  \vet/ 
Inr.   G.-rmanv.      (Brit.  No.   20.36..  of  1000-) 

SI. AG  STEAM  (iENEKATOR.  ^^mT 
Mitchell.  Swansea.  Ariz.  iF.  S.  Xo.  068,87(1 
Aug.   30.    1010  ) 

SLAGS— Ftili/alion    6!   Heat    ContnlnM   [J 
Slags.     Claude  Vaulin.    London.  Eng. 
Xo.    072.418:    Oct.    11.    1010.1 


ol 


Charles  V. 
Xo.    072,140; 


No 


(C.  S 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


875 


i      PERS  O  NAL      1 

1      —  —  — 


Minui;;  ami  uu'taliiu-giral  euiiiueers  are  in- 
vited to  ki'e(j  Tin:  Kx(iixi;Eiii.\c;  axu  Mininc; 
JofiiXAi.  inloinu'ci  of  tlieir  uiovemeuts  aud 
appointmoms. 

Alfred  Jatnes,  of  London,  is  visiting 
New  York. 

Alexander  Gray,  of  Montreal,  is  in 
New  York. 

B.  B.  Thayer,  of  New  York,  is  v'isit- 
ing  Butte,  Montana. 

Lewis  Hind,  of  Victoria,  B.  C,  is  ex- 
amining some  mining  properties  in 
Mexico. 

T.  Lane  Carter,  of  Osgood,  Carter  & 
Co.,  Chicago,  is  examining  mines  in 
Mexico. 

O.  B.  Smith,  Jr.,  superintendent  of  the 
Granby  Consolidated  mines,  at  Phanix, 
B.  C,  was  at  Spokane,  Wash.,  lately. 

O.  B.  Perry  was  in  Vancouver,  B.  C., 
Oct.  10,  on  his  return  journey  to  New 
Ycrk  from  Dawson,  Yukon  Territory. 

Joseph  N.  Lovell,  of  Thompson,  Towie 
&  Co.,  has  been  elected  a  director  of  the 
American  Zinc,  Lead  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany. 

L.  K.  Armstrong,  of  Spokane,  Wash., 
has  been  examining  some  coal  properties 
in  the  Flathead  country,  southeastern 
British  Columbia. 

H.  L.  Rodgers,  manager  of  the  Yankee 
Girl  Gold  Mines,  Ltd..  Ymir,  B.  C,  is 
in  New  York,  conferring  with  the  di- 
rectors of  the  company. 

J.  Rogers  Maxwell  will  retire  from  the 
position  of  president  of  the  Atlas  Cement 
Company  Nov.  1.  His  successor  will 
be  John  R.  Morron.  of  Chicago. 

Charles  W.Merrill, of  the  Merrill  Metal- 
lurgical Company,  left  San  Francisco  re- 
cently on  his  way  to  London,  where  he 
expects  to  remain  about  three  months. 

E.  W.  Hogan,  president  of  the  Arkansas 
Federation  of  Labor,  has  resigned  and 
accepted  a  position  with  the  Western 
Coal  and  Mining  Company  at  Denning, 
Arkansas. 

Robert  R.  Hedley,  formerly  of  Sud- 
bury, Ont.,  is  investigating  the  orebodies 
of  the  Monitor  mine,  owned  in  New 
York  and  situated  on  the  west  coast  of 
Vancouver  Island. 

Charles  Graham  has  been  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  Nicola  Valley  Coal 
and  Coke  Company's  Middlesboro  col- 
liery, Nicola  Valley,  B.C.,  in  place  of 
James  Gray,  resigned. 

F.  G.  Jewett.  manager  for  E.  J.  Long- 
year,  diamond-drill  contractor,  has  moved 
his  office  from  Hibbing  to  Duluth,  Minn. 
R-  H.  Herrick,  chief  draftsman,  goes  with 
him  as  office  assistant. 

]  _  The  business  of  H.  M.  Ridge,  consult- 
ing mining  and  metallurgical  engineer,  at 
62  London  Wall,  London,  England,  is  now 


carried  on  in  the  name  of  H.  M.  Ridge 
&  Co.,  at  the  same  address. 

R.  W.  Brock,  director  of  the  Geological 
Survey  branch  of  the  Canada  Department 
of  Mines,  has  returned  to  Ottawa  from 
attending  the  meeting  of  the  American 
Mining  Congress  at  Los  Angeles. 

John  Cooper,  for  some  time  past  un- 
derground superintendent  of  the  Mexico 
Mines  of  El  Oro,  has  resigned  to  become 
assistant  to  the  chief  engineer  of  the 
new  Coahuila  line  of  the  Ferrocarril  Cen- 
tral Mexicano. 

George  A.  Laird,  who  retires  from  the 
firm  of  Smith  &  Laird,  Bisbee,  Ariz., 
continues  as  manager  of  the  Candelaria 
Mining  Company,  San  Pedro,  Chihuahua, 
Mexico,  which  position  he  has  filled  for 
upward  of  two  years. 

Baron  Mitsui  and  a  party  from  Japan, 
visited  the  Birmingham,  Ala.,  district  last 
week,  being  interested  in  industrial  pro- 
gress in  that  district.  They  were  shown 
ore  and  coal  mines,  iron  and  steel  works, 
cast-iron  pipe  plants  and  other  industries. 

W.  W.  Leach,  of  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey branch,  Canada  Department  of  Mines, 
paid  a  brief  visit  to  gold  mines  at  Sheep 
creek.  Nelson  mining  division,  B.  C, 
early  in  October,  before  returning  to 
Ottawa  from  his  season's  field  work 
in  northern  British  Columbia. 

Henry  Leighton  has  been  appointed  in- 
structor in  Mining  Geology  and  Mineral- 
ogy in  the  School  of  Mines  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburg.  He  graduated  from 
Cornell  University  in  1906,  served  in  the 
geological  department  of  that  university 
until  1908,  when  he  was  made  assistant 
in  economic  geology  in  the  New  York 
State  Museum. 


+  1   OB  ITUARV     + 


Charles  Henry  Zug  died  at  Pittsburg, 
Penn.,  Oct.  20,  aged  78  years.  He  was 
born  at  Carlisle,  Penn.,  and  when  a 
young  man  entered  the  works  owned  bv 
his  father,  who  was  head  of  the  firm  of 
Zug  &  Painter.  Later  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm.  When  it  was  reorgan- 
ized some  20  years  ago  as  the  Zug  Iron 
and  Steel  Company,  he  was  chosen  presi- 
dent and  has  held  that  position  ever 
since.  He  was  strongly  opposed  to  the 
organization  of  the  Steel  Corporatfon. 

Edward  F.  Payne  died  at  Wilkes- 
Barre,  Penn.,  Oct.  17,  aged  64  years. 
He  was  born  in  Schuylkill  county,  Penn., 
and  as  a  young  man  began  to  work  in 
the  East  Boston  colliery.  Later  he  be- 
came foreman  and  the  superintendent, 
and  finally  purchased  the  mine,  in  con- 
nection with  his  brother.  He  afterward 
added  the  West  Side  colliery,  and  was 
for  a  number  of  years  one  of  the  larger 
independent  operators.  He  also  owned 
interests  in  the  Morris  Run  Coal  Com- 
pany in  the  Pennsylvania  bituminous  re- 
gion, and  in  the  Blue  Creek  Coal  Com- 
pany  in    West    Virginia. 


George  Cowan,  who  died  recently  at 
Cariboo,  B.  C,  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
gold-seekers  and  legislators  of  British 
Columbia.  He  was  75  years  old.  In  his 
early  manhood  he  was  a  gold  miner  at 
Forest  Creek,  Ballarat,  Castlemaine,  and 
other  Australian  diggings.  After  having 
been  fairly  successful,  he  left  Australia 
for  England  in  1859.  In  the  spring  of 
1862  he  landed  at  Victoria,  B.  C,  and 
went  thence  to  Cariboo,  where  he  mined 
on  Williams,  Lightning,  Antler  and  other 
rich  creeks.  He  remained  in  the  district, 
and  in  1876  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
provincial  legislature,  and  served  several 
terms,  since  which  he  has  been  known 
to  old-timers  throughout  Cariboo  as  one 
of  the  most  useful  representatives  the 
districts  ever  had.  Later  he  was  mining 
recorder  until,  in  July,  1895,  he  was 
stricken  with  paralysis. 

Michael  J.  Heney,  contractor  for  the 
nearly  completed  Copper  River  &  North- 
western railway,  died  in  San  Francisco, 
Oct.  II,  from  complications  resulting 
from  cold  and  exposure  at  the  time  the 
steamer  "Ohio"  was  wrecked  in  northern 
waters,  in  August,  1909.  Although  he 
rallied  at  times  since  the  disaster,  he 
never  recovered  from  the  effects  of  the 
long  exposure,  but  died  at  the  age  of  46 
years.  He  was  born  in  Pembroke  county, 
Ontario.  In  1888  he  went  west  from  Ot- 
tawa, and  lived  for  a  while  in  Victoria, 
B.  C,  whence  he  went  to  Seattle,  Wash. 
In  1896  he  went  to  Alaska,  where  he 
installed,  on  Cook  inlet,  a  hydraulic  plant 
for  the  Anchor  Point  Mining  Company. 
He  was  in  Alaska  before  the  great  rush 
to  the  Klondike.  His  next  big  contract 
was  the  construction  of  the  White  Pass 
&  Yukon  railway,  from  Skagway  to 
Whitehorse.  After  he  completed  that 
work  he  went  on  an  extended  trip  around 
the  world.  Later,  he  commenced  con- 
structing a  railway  from  Cordova  to  the 
Copper  river  country,  and  in  1907  he 
made  arrangeinents  with  the  Guggen- 
heims  to  build  their  railroad  to  the  Bon- 
anza mine.  The  most  difficult  part  of 
this  important  work  has  been  completed, 
for  the  railway  was  lately  opened  at 
Chitina,  and  most  of  the  grading  thence 
to  the  Bonanza  has  been  done. 


^  SOCETIES^^TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


Willces-Barrc  Mining  Institute — The 
opening  meeting  for  the  season  was  held 
at  Wilkes-Barre,  Penn.,  Oct.  16.  An 
address  was  made  by  President  Thomas 
Thomas,  and  an  exhibition  of  rescue 
work  was  given. 

Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society — 
The  New  York  section  held  its  regular 
monthly  meeting  at  the  Engineers  Club, 
Oct.  13.  About  22  were  present.  The 
subject  of  discussion  was  the  report  of 
the  Committee  on  Prevention  of  Mine 
Accidents.  Nov.  17  is  the  date  for  the 
next  tneeting. 


876 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      Many      Important 

-J*^     Mining     Centers    of^     the  'World       -^ 


San  Francisco 
Oct.  23 — The  liberal  incorporation  laws 
of  Arizona  have  been  responsible  for  the 
organization  in  recent  years  of  a  large 
number  of  companies  doing  business  in 
the  mining  districts  of  California,  with 
a  provision  that  the  stock  shall  be  "unas- 
sessable." This  is  a  delusion,  however, 
for  the  California  laws  provide  that  any 
company  doing  business  in  the  State, 
foreign  or  otherwise,  must  pay  its  debts 
and  that  stock  may  be  assessed  in  order 
that  this  may  be  done.  It  seems  that 
Arizona  is  seeing  the  error  of  its  ways, 
for  in  the  constitutinal  convention  a 
provision  is  under  consideration  making 
stockholders  liable  for  corporate  debts  as 
in  California.  Another  article  under  con- 
sideration provides  that  a  corporation  tax 
be  levied  in  proportion  to  capitalization. 
This  is  already  done  in  California  and  has 
had  the  result  of  making  many  companies 
reduce  their  capital  stock,  and  of  driving 
out  of  business  many  shaky  concerns 
which  could  not  pay  the  annual  tax.  Un- 
less the  tax  is  paid,  the  corporation  has 
no  legal  standing  and  the  Secretary  of 
State  takes  the  name  from  his  official 
books. 

Another  thing  being  considered  by  the 
constitutional  convention  in  Arizona  is  a 
petition  of  500  working  men  of  Globe, 
asking  for  a  provision  compelling  corpora- 
tions to  employ  at  least  80  per  cent.  Ameri- 
can labor,  and  thus  stop  the  increase  in 
number  of  illiterate  foreigners  in  the  min- 
ing camps.  California  has  no  such  pro- 
vision, but  the  same  object  is  slowly  be- 
ing gained  in  another  way,  which  is  by 
superintendents  refusing  to  employ  men 
at  the  mines  who  cannot  understand  ver- 
bal, written  or  printed  orders  in  English. 
This  movement  was  first  started  some 
years  ago  at  the  Jumper  mine  in  Tuolumne 
county  while  Mark  B.  Kerr  was  manager, 
and  has  been  followed  at  a  number  of 
other  important  mines  in  the  State  since 
then. 


Denver 

Oct.  24 — The  activity  in  the  oil  indus- 
try has  spread  to  Axial  basin,  Routt 
county,  Colorado,  and  a  Denver  com- 
pany proposes  sinking  15  to  20  holes  to 
2500  ft.  Leases  are  being  obtained  from 
the  ranchmen,  on  a  7  per  cent,  basis. 
Gas  and  oil  seepages  are  both  found 
along  Lay  creek  in  that  section,  and  for 
many  years  geologists  have  believed  that 
there  is  oil  under  the  Axial  anticline. 

The  new  zinc  industry  of  Leadville 
continues  to  be  of  interest.  The  Color- 
ado Bureau  of  Mines  has  ordered  J.  R. 


Curley,    inspector   at    Leadville,    to    send 
down  samples,  and  30  lb.  from  the  Hay- 
den.  Wolftone,  Waterloo,  Lime  and  other 
mines  have  been  shipped.     The  first  ac- 
counts of  the  new  discoveries  led  people 
to  believe  that  enormous  bodies  of  solid 
zinc   ore   were   being   opened,   but    it   ap- 
pears   that    these    statements   will    bear 
shading    somewhat,    as    the    zinc    ore    is 
being   found   largely  in  "nests"   or  "kid- 
neys" in  the  oxidized  iron  and  other  ores, 
all  having  the  same  general  appearance; 
and  that,  therefore,  a  good  deal  of  care 
has  to  be  exercised,  and  assaying  done, 
to    determine    the     character,    size     and 
grade   of  the  zinc  carbonate  and  silicate 
orebodies.      The    further    idea    has    been 
generally   conveyed    that    the     discovery 
was   made   by   the   scientific   men   of   the 
profession,  whereas,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
the  working  miner  is  entitled  to  the  cred- 
it, and  it  is  most  singular  that  the  mines 
of  Leadville  and  their  dumps  have  been 
always  open   for  inspection,   not   only   to 
the  men  of  letters  in  the  mining  profes- 
sion, but  also  to  the  professors  and  stu- 
dents of  the  State  School  of  Mines  each 
year,   and   yet   none   of  them   discovered 
the   existence    of   the   ore   which    is   now 
giving  a  largely  increased  tonnage,  and  a 
new    fame    to    this    wonderful,    versatile 
producer — Leadville. 

In  the  test  suit  affecting  70  mining 
companies  in  Cripple  Creek,  brought 
against  the  county  treasurer,  the  tempor- 
ary injunction  to  prevent  him  from  sell- 
ing non-producing  properties  for  taxes, 
has  been  made  permanent  by  District 
Jrdge  Charles  Cavender,  of  Leadville. 
The  original  action  was  brought  on  the 
grounds  that  the  assessment  in  1908  was 
excessive,  and  the  taxes  were  paid  under 
protest.  The  assessments  will  now  be 
reduced. 

At  Aspen,  general  activity  prevails. 
Such  an  enormous  volume  of  water  is  be- 
ing raised  by  the  three  big  pumps  instal- 
led at  the  Free  Silver  shaft  that  it  is  now 
believed  that  one  water  course  connects 
it  with   several   of  the   adjoining  mines. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Oct.  23 — During  the  month  ended  Oct. 
2.  the  Snake  Creek  tunnel  was  driven 
298  ft.  Up  to  Sept.  20  only  two  shifts 
were  worked,  after  which  three  shifts 
were  put  on.  On  Oct.  2  the  face  was 
1431  ft.  from  the  portal.  The  ditch  has 
been  completed  to  the  1250-ft.  point,  and 
permanent  track  and  ties  are  laid  for 
1185  ft.  There  has  been  no  change  in 
formation,   and    timber   as   yet   has   been 


unnecessary.  The  35  h.p.  gasolene  loco- 
motive is  in  use,  and  better  progress 
is  expected  during  the  present  month. 

The  hearing  of  arguments  and  the  pre- 
sentation of  briefs  in  the  case  of  the 
Silver  King  Consolidated  vs.  Silver  King 
Coalition  was  begun  in  the  Unite-.  States 
district  court  Oct.  14  before  Judge  John 
A.  Marshall.  The  suit  involves  an  ac- 
counting for  ore  taken  from  the  Parson 
slope,  which  is  in  the  Vesuvius  claim, 
owned  jointly  by  the  two  companies.  The 
arguments  for  the  defense  have  been 
completed,  and  the  plaintiff  is  now  argu- 
ing its  side  of  the  case.  All  of  the  testi- 
mony is  in,  and  the  arguments  will  prob- 
ably be  finished  during  the  week.  The 
suit  was  begun  in   May,   1908. 


Toronto 

Oct.  24 — It  is  announced  that  the  Can- 
adian Government  has  finally  decided  to 
take  no  action  regarding  the  question  of 
bounties  or  additional  duties  on  iron  or 
steel.  The  bounties,  on  pig  iron,  puddled 
bars  and  steel  ingots  expire  Dec.  31, 
1910,  and  those  on  steel  rods  on  July 
1,  1911.  The  next  session  of  Parliament 
in  November,  wfU  probably  witness  a 
strong  agitation  in  the  interests  of  the 
iron  and  steel  industries  for  further  pro- 
tection in  some  form,  but  the  influence 
of  the  West  in  favor  of  tariff  reduction 
is  an  opposing  factor  to  be  reckoned 
with,  which  will  strengthen  the  attitude 
of  the  Government.  As  the  bounties  paid 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1909, 
according  to  the  last  available  returns, 
were  SI, 864,000,  this  decision  will  largely 
diminish  the  profits  of  the  manufactur- 
ers, especially  the  Dominion  Steel  Cor- 
poration, whose  receipts  from  this  source 
were  $1,067,528  for  the  fiscal  year.  The 
present  policy  of  the  corporation  has 
been  framed  in  view  of  the  anticipated 
loss  of  revenue   from  bounties. 

President  J.  H.  Plummer  stated  re- 
cently at  Montreal  that  the  hopes  of  the 
Sydney  plant  were  bound  up  in  an  in- 
crease of  its  output,  resulting  in  greater 
profits  from  increased  sales  and  more  es- 
pecially in  the  decreased  costs  resulting 
from  operations  on  a  larger  scale.  To 
this  end  the  productive  power  of  the 
plant  was  being  increased  by  at  least 
one-third,  and  the  corporation  was  pre- 
paring for  still  further  extensions.  The 
abolition  of  the  bounty  on  wire  rods 
would  result  in  the  company  having  to 
market  the  wire-rod  output  in  other 
forms  of  finished  steel,  the  necessary 
changes  in  the  plant  involving  some  loss. 
Mr.    Plummer    was    of   the    opinion   that 


October  29,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


877 


if  the  ttire-rod  manufacture  was  left  un- 
protected, the  Canadian  manufacturer 
would  be  unable  to  compete  against  Bel- 
gium and  the  United  States. 


Cobalt 

Oct.  25 — Since  the  Kerr  Lake  company 
published  the  last  annual  report,  there 
has  been  considerable  uneasiness  regard- 
ing the  future  dividend  disemburstments. 
The  company  has  for  some  time  past 
been  drawing  heavily  on  its  ore  re- 
serves and  the  monthly  production  of 
200,000  oz.,  which  netted  about  S80,000, 
fell  short  of  the  dividend  requirements 
for  the  same  period,  by  S20,000.  The 
annual  statement  showed  a  much  smaller 
cash  reserve  than  formerly  and  the  in- 
formation regarding  the  ore  reserves  was 
rather  vague.  The  directors,  however, 
have  declared  the  regular  quarterly  divi- 
dend of  5  per  cent,  with  a  5  per  cent, 
bonus,  payable  Dec.  15.  When  this  last 
dividend  has  been  paid,  the  company 
will  have  distributed  among  the  share- 
holders, a  total  of  91  pei  cent,  on  a  capital 
of  83,000,000. 

There  has  been  considerable  suspicion 
lately  that  the  charter  granted  some  time 
ago  for  the  building  of  an  electric  road 
into  Porcupine,  was  not  likely  to  be  of 
any  immediate  benefit  to  that  district.  The 
promoters  now  state,  however,  that  they 
intend  going  ahead  with  the  road  at  once, 
and  that  a  large  proportion  of  thi.  work 
will  be  completed  by  the  end  of  January. 
Steam  will  be  the  motive  power  us;d  at 
first,  but  eventually  the  road  will  be 
operated  by  electricity,  which  will  be  sup- 
plied by  the  Mines  Power  plant  to  be 
erected  on  the  Mattagami  river. 


Manila,   P.   I. 

Oct.  1 — In  Benguet  province  the  dam- 
age done  to  the  Benguet  Consolidated 
plant  by  the  great  storm  has  been  re- 
paired. The  mill  at  the  Headquarters 
mine  is  being  installed.  A  mill  has  been 
ordered  for  the  Major  mine.  Negotia- 
tions are  in  progress  for  the  consolida- 
tion of  all  the  mines  in  the  Benguet  dis- 
trict, and  the  building  of  a  central  mill. 
In  the  Bafiuio  district  a  good  deal  of 
prospecting  is  going  on. 

In  Lepanto  province,  nearly  all  the 
copper  claims  around  Mancayan  are  un- 
der option  to  the  Lepanto  Mining  Com- 
pany, in  which  British  and  German  inter- 
ests are  said  to  be  represented.  At  the 
Suyoc  placers,  which  have  been  worked 
in  a  small  way  for  several  years,  it  is 
proposed  to  make  explorations  on  a  large 
scale. 
'  After  making  some  explorations,  the 
Pf  'ippine  Developmem  Company  has 
given  up  its  option  on  the  Eastern  gold 
mine  in  Masbate. 

An  option  on  about  2000  acres  adjoin- 
ing the  old  gold  placers  at  Gapan,  Nueva 
I  Ecija,  has  been  taken  by  A.  D.  Gibbs  and 
associates,    of    Manila,    and    exploration 
will  be  made. 


Interest  in  the  Paracale  province  is 
mainly  in  dredging  operations.  The 
Paracale  Gold  Dredging  Company  on  the 
Paracale  river  is  taking  out  about  200 
oz.  gold  per  month.  The  Philippine  Min- 
ing Company  has  completed  work  on  its 
new  Risdon  dredge  on  the  Malaguit  river, 
and  the  first  run  is  said  to  have  given 
good  yield.  Two  companies  have  been 
organized  and  have  taken  up  claims.  The 
Guamas  Placer  Mining  Company,  on  the 
Paracale  river,  has  a  capital  of  500,000 
pesos;  D.  M.  Carman  and  Francisco  Orti- 
gas  are  the  leading  members.  The  Tum- 
bago  Mining  Company,  an  American  con- 
cern, has  begun  development  work. 

•  A  drilling  plant  has  been  installed  to 
test  the  petroleum  deposits  of  Tayabas 
province. 

Mexico  City 

Oct.  20 — The  mining  industry  of  Mex- 
ico is  somewhat  disturbed  by  the  action  of 
the  Government-controlled  railroads  in 
imposing  a  switching  charge  of  five  pesos 
per  car  at  the  Parral  camp  on  each  car 
moved  from  one  track  to  the  other,  either 
loaded  or  unloaded.  The  Parral  miners 
claim  that  this  charge  is  prohibitive  and 
that  it  will  seriously  interfere  with  the 
shipments  of  low-grade  ore  and  will 
greatly  increase  the  cost  of  their  fuel  sup- 
ply, which  is  either  coal  brought  in  on  the 
National  line,  or  wood  from  the  Parral  & 
Durango  road,  in  either  of  which  cases 
there  is  a  necessity  for  one  or  more 
switching  operations.  The  matter  is  made 
a  lively  issue  in  the  Parral  camp  and  so 
far  the  railroad  seems  disposed  to  let  the 
increased  rate,  for  such  the  new  charge 
amounts  to,  stand. 

The  whole  question  of  the  relation  of 
the  Government-controlled  railroads  to 
the  mining  industry  is  one  of  imminent 
interest.  Some  time  ago  a  proposition  to 
increase  ore  rates  was  announced,  but 
temporarily  the  increase  was  suspended. 
Later  some  of  the  increased  rates  were 
imposed,  particularly  the  rates  for  zinc 
ores  going  north  to  the  Rio  Grande 
Porder.  The  result  of  the  increase  in  the 
rates  on  zinc  ores  was  to  close  several 
operating  properties  in  Chihuahua. 

Another  phase  of  the  railroad  situation 
which  is  of  interest  is  the  inactivity  in  the 
building  of  extensions  and  branch  and 
connecting  lines  under  the  present  status 
of  the  trunk  lines  systems  of  Mexico. 
There  is  very  little  encourageirient  or  in- 
ducement for  individual  capital  to  build 
branch  lines  to  feed  the  main  trunk  lines 
;.nd  to  be  at  their  mercy,  and  apparently 
the  trunk  lineS,  all  represented  and  con- 
trolled by  the  National  Railways  of  Mex- 
ico, are  not  disposed  to  advance  the  build- 
ing of  branch  lines  by  any  liberal  finan- 
cial or  traffic  agreements.  One  or  two 
branch  lines  are  now  under  construction, 
iintahly  one  west  of  Durango,  which  is 
aided  by  the  State  and  Federal  Govern- 
ment, and  by  the  National  Railways.  Sev- 


eral other  projected  and  much  needed 
lines  have  so  far  failed  to  secure  outside 
capital  for  their  ccnstruction,  due,  it  is 
said,  to  the  coniiition  of  affairs  above  re- 
ferred to.  Mexico  is  in  great  need  of 
extension  of  its  railroad  system,  not  so 
much  the  extension  of  trunk  lines  as  the 
building  of  branches  and  feeders  to  reach 
camps  which  are  now  unable  to  operate 
with  the  double  charge  of  transport  by 
burro  or  wagon  to  the  railroad  and  the 
fairly  high  railroad  rates  to  smelting 
centers.  Unless  these  districts  can  have 
railroads  they  must  continue  to  operate  in 
a  small  way  or  they  will  be  forced  to  in- 
stall expensive  equipment  to  produce  bul- 
lion, or  its  equivalent,  at  the  mines.  This 
has  been  done  in  a  number  of  cases,  but 
it  is  not  always  a  satisfactory  solution  of 
the  problem. 

In  northwestern  Mexico  the  Southern 
Pacific  and  the  Mexico  Northwestern  rail- 
way systems  are  building  a  number  of 
extensions  of  main  and  branch  lines, 
which  have  had  the  effect  of  greatly  stim- 
ulating the  mining  industry  of  that  sec- 
tion. In  fact  the  greatest  activity  in  Mex- 
ico today  is  probably  in  the  northwest 
States  of  Sonora  and  Chihuahua,  and  the 
reason  for  this  activity  is  largely  due  to 
the  new  and  projected  railroad  facili- 
ties. 

More  recently  the  Government  has 
been  lending  its  influence  and  credit  to 
the  extension  of  its  railroad  system  in  the 
South — in  Chiapas  and  the  line  to  the 
Guatamala  border.  These,  of  course,  are 
important  transportation  links,  but  they 
are  not  of  direct  interest  to  the  mining  in- 
dustry. 


London 

Oct.  15 — Cornwall  is  in  mourn- 
ing, owing  to  the  passing  of  the 
Dolcoath  six-monthly  dividend.  Fortun- 
ately this  is  not  owing  to  lack  of  profit 
made  (£37,0001,  but  owing  to  £30,000 
of  this  profit  being  required  to  equip  the 
new  shaft,  which  has  been  sunk  to  the 
required  depth  of  3000  ft.,  and  to  put  in 
the  new  crushing  plant.  The  shaft  is 
circular  and  brick  lined  for  the  full 
depth.  Twelve  additional  heads  of  Hol- 
man  pneumatic  stamps  are  to  be  put  in, 
extensive  tests  proving  them  to  b6  more 
economical  crushers  than  Californian  or 
Cornish  stamps,  both  of  which  are  also 
running  at  Dolcoath. 

Taking  into  consideration  the  liability 
of  cassiterite  to  slime,  and  the  difficulty 
of  catching  the  slimes  in  the  concentrat- 
ing plant,  one  wonders  that  rolls  were 
not  decided  on  in  place  of  stamps.  The 
ore  or  tin-stuff,  as  it  is  sometimes  called 
in  Cornwall,  is  certainly  hard,  but,  judg- 
ing from  American  practice,  the  addition- 
al complication  and  liability  to  break- 
down of  a  roll  and  trommel  mill  would 
have  been  more  than  compensated  for 
by  lower  first  cost  and  less  slimes  pro- 
duced per  ton  crushed. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


^  >  THE  MINING  NEWS 


Peports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property- 
Trans  f  ers^^Th_eCju^rr^n^t_H^^ 


X       X 


Alaska 

The  last  ship  this  season  from  Kotze- 
bue  sound  has  reached  Seattle,  with  S70,- 
000  worth  of  bullion.  Of  this  amount 
525,000  comes  from  the  Squirrel  river 
country,  519,000  from  Deering  and  the 
balance  from  Candle. 

California-Nevada  Copper — New  ma- 
chinery will  be  installed  in  this  mine, 
operating  in  the  basin  near  Juneau. 
About  150  men  will  be  employed  during 
the  winter. 

Alaska-Juneau — Work  is  being  rushed 
on  the  right-of-way  improvements  of 
this  property,  one  of  the  Treadwell 
mines. 

Nutter-Dawson — This  company,  oper- 
ating on  Crow  creek,  on  Kenai  peninsula, 
by  the  hydraulic  method  is  making  prep- 
arations for  extensive  operations  next 
year. 

Conrad  Hories — James  and  E.  J. 
Barnes  have  taken  over  this  gold  quartz 
property  on  Crow  creek,  and  have  let  a 
contract  for  400  ft.  of  tunnel.  The  own- 
ers will   install   a   stamp   mill   next   year. 

Seward  Gold — This  company  has  been 
organized  by  Samuel  Silverman  and  S. 
E.  Likes,  of  Seward.  They  have  acquired 
a  property  on  the  Sunrise  trail  and  will 
take   a   stamp    mill    in   this   winter. 

Thompson — Charles  G.  Ganty  and  as- 
sociates, of  Valdez,  have  bonded  their 
property  in  the  Moose  Pass  district,  and 
will  operate  it. 

Stevenson — James  R.  Hayden  and  as- 
sociates, who  have  an  option  on  this 
quartz  property,  on  Falls  creek,  are  de- 
veloping   and    will    install   a    stamp   mill. 

Quartz  Creek — This  company  has  let 
a  contract  for  tunnel  work  on  the  prop- 
erty on  Quartz  creek. 

Gold  Bullion — A  five-stamp  mill  will 
be  installed  on  Willow  creek.  Fred  Mc- 
Coy, of  Seattle,  is  interested. 

Alaska-Treasure — Development  on  this 
property  on  Douglas  island  is  under  the 
direction  of  Theodore  Harper.  A  stamp 
mill  will  be  erected. 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 
Superior  &  Pittsburg — Developments 
on  the  1500-ft.  level  of  the  Junction  mine 
are  reported  important.  An  orebody  375 
ft.  long  and  50  ft.  wide,  averaging  10 
per  cent,  copper,  from  the  13th  to  the 
15th  levels  is  claimed.  Dr.  L.  D. 
Ricketts  and  Prof.  James  Douglas  have 
completed  their  examinations  of  this  and 


the  Calumet  &  Arizona  properties,  which 
will    decide    the    basis    of    consolidation. 

Sliattuck-Arizona — The  compan;  is  do- 
ing development  from  the  fourth  to  the 
seventh  levels.  The  ore  in  reserve,  ac- 
cording to  the  last  estimate,  is  between 
700,000  and  800,000  tons,  averaging  6' , 
per  cent,  copper.  The  management  is 
planning  a  company  smeltery  of  700  tons 
daily  capacity  at  Douglas. 
Gila  County 

Old  Dominion — In  the  United  Globe 
important  developments  have  been  tak- 
ing place,  particularly  on  the  14th  level 
where  drifts  and  crosscuts  are  opening 
up  ore  of  good  grade.  There  has  been 
a  considerable  falling  off  in  the  custom 
smelting  ores  in  the  Globe  district,  and 
those  from  the  Warrior  are  the  only  ones 
now  treated  by  the  Old  Dominion.  One 
furnace  was  shut  down  Oct.  1,  three  hav- 
ing been  formerly  in  operation.  The 
concentrator  is  being  worked  but  two 
shifts  out  of  three. 

Arizona-Michigan — The  winze  from  the 
500-ft.  level  of  the  Telfair  shaft  is  at  100 
ft.  and  in  mineralized  ground.  The  drift 
east  on  the  vein  is  95  ft.  from  the  top  of 
the  winze. 

Live  Oak — This  company,  organized 
as  a  development  company,  fully  paid  as 
to  50,000  shares  of  510  par,  an  assess- 
ment of  '^3  per  share  having  recently 
been  paid  in,  is  now  claimed  to  have 
10,000,000  tons  of  ore,  averaging  2  per 
cent,  copper,  developed  by  diamond  drill- 
ing and  underground  workings.  It  is 
said  that  a  600,000-share  mining  com- 
pany will  be  organized  to  succeed  the 
development  company. 

Inspiration — This  company  is  said  to 
have  developed  10,000,000  tons  of  ore, 
averaging  2.33  per  cent,  copper,  and 
0,000,000  tons  running  somewhat  under 
2  per  cent. 

Graham  County 

Arizona  Copper — At  this  property  at 
Clifton  and  Morenci  new  construction 
work  is  in  progress  which  will  bring 
about  an  increased  capacity.  The  No. 
C  concentrator,  nominal  capacity  of 
750  tons  per  day,  and  which  has 
treated  from  900  to  1000  tons  at  max- 
imum capacity,  is  now  being  enlarged 
to  1500  tons  per  day.  The  No.  5  con- 
centrator, which  has  capacity  of  700  tons 
per  day,  has  been  shut  down  and  the  ma- 
chinery in  this  plant  will  be  installed  in 
the  new  mill.  A  new  operating  shaft  is 
being  sunk  to  connect  with  the  250-ft. 
level,  the  present  lowest  haulage  way. 
This  shaft  is  near  the  concentrator  and  it 


will  be  the  outlet  for  the  ores  of  the 
Humbold,  Yavapi,  Clay  and  Petaluma 
mines.  On  the  main  haulage  ways  elec- 
tric locomotive  will  take  the  place  of 
mules.  The  hoist  at  this  shaft  will  be 
run  by  compressed  air.  The  company  is 
producing  copper  at  the  rate  of  32,000,000 
lb.  per  annum. 

Pinal  County 
Ray   Consolidated — This   company   will 
issue    53,000,000   of   6   per   cent,    bonds, 
convertible  into  stock  at  $20  per  share. 


California 

Amador  County 

South  Eureka — The  cleanup  of  the  60- 
stamp  mill  at  this  Sutter  Creek  mine  is 
reported    to    be    $90,000    for    September. 

Central  Eureka — The  vein  encountered 
on  the  2800  level  of  this  mine,  at  Sutter 
creek,  is  supposed  to  be  the  same  worked 
in   the  old   Eureka  mine. 

Butte  County 

In  the  Magalia  and  Nimshew  districts 
active  development  is  being  carried  on. 
The  Mammoth  Channel,  Bader,  Cole  and 
others  are  producing  steadily.  The  Steif- 
fer  company  has  finished  the  installation 
of  its  power  plant.  The  Butte  creek 
dredge  has  cleaned  up  172  oz.  of  gold 
for  102  hours'  work. 

Fresno  County 

Davis  Flat — Machinery  for  a  five- 
stamp  mill  is  being  shipped  to  this  prop- 
erty, 45  miles  from  Selma.  Howard  M. 
Black  is   in   charge. 

Modoc  County 

The  custom  mill  in  Hoag  district  will 
not  to  be  run  this  winter,  much  to  the  re- 
gret of  the  miners  about  Fort  Bidwell, 
who  have  ore   ready. 

Hess — The  new  cyanide  plant  at  this 
mine,  near  Adin,  has  been  put  in  opera- 
tion with  the  10-stamp  mill.  J.  L.  Har- 
vey, manager. 

Nevada  County 

Greystone — Work  on  this  property  has 
been  resumed  under  management  of 
George  Hegarly. 

Prudential — An  assessment  of  10c.  per 
share  has  been  levied  by  this  Grass  Val- 
ley company  to  pay  debts  and  do  de- 
velopment. Much  of  the  stock  is  held 
in  the  East. 

Placer  County 

Evening  Star  and  Morning  Star — These 
mines,  in  Rock  Creek  district,  have  been 
bonded  to  W.  H.  Gallagher,  Joseph  Kis- 
ber  and  J.  Riley,  of  Grass  Valley.  Ma- 
chinery will  be  placed  upon  them. 


October  29.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


879 


Qiiinn—lhis  mine,  at  Ophir,  is  being 
reopened  by  Bailley  brothers,  of  San 
Francisco,  and  machinery  will  be  in- 
stalled. 

Shasta  County 

Uncle  Sam — This  mine,  at  Kennett,  at 
one  time  worked  by  the  Sierra  Buttes 
Mining  Company,  is  being  reopened  by 
its  owner,  Frederick  Dakin,  of  Alameda, 
who   is  putting   a   five-stamp   mill   on   it. 

Bully  Hi7/— There  are  5000  tons  of  ore 
from  this  mine  in  the  bunkers  ready  for 
reduction  at  the  Balaklala  smeltery. 

Sierra  County 

Oro — This  quartz  mine,  at  Downieville, 
controlled  by  Louis  Rosenfeld,  of  San 
Francisco,  will  be  reopened. 

Gibraltar — After  23  years  of  work,  put- 
ting in  all  fheir  spare  time  and  earnings, 
the  Kiefer  brothers  have  just  struck  rich 
gravel  on  bedrock  in  this  mine. 

Brush  Creek — This  mine,  near  the 
Mountain  House,  has  been  bonded  by 
Horace  Morse  and  associates.  It  will  be 
dewatered  and  developed  with  a  3000-ft. 
tunnel,  cutting  the  lode  at   1300  feet. 

Oro — Equipment  for  handling  the  sul- 
phide ore  is  being  installed,  after  an 
idleness  of  many  years.  I.  Copeland  is 
in  charge. 

Colombo — A  10-stamp  mill  is  being 
installed  on  this  property,  near  Sierra 
City,  also  a  compressor.  C.  R.  Thomp- 
son is  superintendent. 

Sierra  Buttes — Hand  drills,  which 
have  been  used  during  40  years,  are  be- 
ing replaced  by  air  drills.  A  rich  strike 
lias  been  made  in  the  Bonanza  lode  and  a 
ICOO-ft.  crosscut  will  be  run.  J.  C.  Fol- 
sor.i  is  superintendent. 

Siskiyou  County 
Doggett — On  this  claim  at  Oakbar,  op- 
erated by  the  Aiken-Graham  company,  of 
San  Francisco,  a  steam  shovel  has  been 
put  in  commission. 

Tuolumne  County 

Rawhide  No.  2 — The  company  which 
recently  bonded  the  Rawhide  mine  has 
secured  an  option  on  Rawhide  No.  2, 
which  adjoins  the  Omega  mine  on  its 
north  line  and  the  Rawhide  on  the  south. 

App — Repairs  are  being  made  before 
commencing  to  sink  the  shaft  200  ft. 
Forty  stamps  will  be  added. 

Mazj,  ^a — This  company,  at  Stent,  will 
add  10  biamps  to  its  mill. 

Colorado 

Clear  Creek  County 

Oneida — This   pr&perty    is   reported    to 

be  sending  one  car  per  day  to  Golden, 

which  gives  a  net  profit  of  S300  per  car. 

Owen  &  Rogers  are  operating  the  mine. 

Lake  County — Leadville 
The    mines    on    the    North    and    South 
forks  of  Mosquito  creek,  and  the  Moose 
and    Dolly    Varden    mines,    on    Mount 


Bross.  are  shipping  to  the  new  pyritic 
smelting  plant  at  Fairplay,  the  erection 
of  which  has  greatly  stimulated  the  out- 
put of  the  low-grade  ores  of  that  district. 

/ron-S(7ri'r  -Large  bodies  of  carbon- 
ate of  zinc  ore  are  being  found  in  the 
Lime  and  Stevens  shafts  of  this  com- 
pany, and  it  is  stated  that  in  the  former 
shaft  an  orebody  has  been  opened  up 
for  100  ft.,  the  lowest  assay  from  which 
is  38  per  cent.  zinc. 

Griffith — Last  week  300  tons  of  good- 
grade  ore  were  shipped  from  the  above 
mine,  in  the  St.  Kevin  district,  to  the 
smeltery. 

San    Juan    District 

The  Kansas  City  group,  Georgia 
Gulch,  Silverton  district,  is  credited  with 
having  opened  an  orebody  57  ft.  in 
length  and  18  in.  to  3  ft.  in  width,  a 
car  of  which  returned  S825  clear  profit 
from  the  silver  and  copper. 

Tomboy — This  mine,  in  San  Miguel 
county,  produced  9900  tons  in  Septem- 
ber, which  gave  a  profit  for  the  month 
of    S25,000. 

Teller  County — Cri»-ple  Creek 

Siraiton  Estate — Twenty-two  tons  of 
screenings  from  a  new  strike  in  the  Si.\ 
Points  mine,  on  Bull  hill,  gave  returns 
of  S90  per  ton  in  gold.  Two  cars  of 
coarse  rock  also  shipped  were  pay  ore  of 
n  fair  grade.  J.  C.  Chillson  is  leaser 
and  manager.  The  Baker  lease,  on  the 
American  Eagles,  received  returns  from 
n  carload  of  ore  shipped  last  week  of 
7  oz.  gold   to  the  ton. 

Metallic  Leasing  Company — Regular 
shipments  of  average-grade  ore  are  be- 
ing made  from  the  Hiawatha,  on  Beacon 
hill,  by  this  company.  Richard  Blanch- 
ard   is   superintendent. 

Jerry  Johnson — This  mine,  on  Iron- 
clad hill,  is  shipping  about  nine  cars  a 
week    of    1-oz.    gold    ore. 

Dante  No.  2 — The  lessees  on  this 
shaft  shipped  22  cars  in  September,  the 
ore  averaging  about  I  oz.  gold  to  the 
ton. 


Idaho 

Coeur  d'Alene 

Hercules — Grading  has  started  for 
the  400-ton  mill  at  Wallace.  The  mill 
at  the  mine,  near  Burke,  was  destroyed 
by  fire  last  winter  since  which  time  the 
old  Tiger  mill,  at  Burke,  has  been  used. 

Monarch — The  new  mill  will  be  fin- 
ished Dec.  I,  having  been  delayed  by 
forest  fires.  The  mine  is  ready  to  begin 
production    when   the   mill   is   completed. 

Illinois 
Williamson — On  Oct.  1 1  the  tipple  at 
this  mine  collapsed,  demolishing  the  ad- 
joinini^  blacksmith  shop.  The  loss  is  sev- 
eral thousand  dollars,  and  the  mine  is 
shut  down  for  the  time.  It  is  in  the  Her- 
rin  district  of  Franklin  county. 


Kentucky 
American  Ony.t  Company — This  com- 
pany has  been  organized  to  develop  a 
deposit  near  Cave  City,  which  is  said  to 
contain  ony.x  of  good  quality.  L.  S. 
Gorby,  Cave  City,  Ky.,  is  manager. 

Michigan 
Cohper 

Adventure — This  company's  vertical 
shaft  has  passed  through  the  first  of  the 
series  of  lodes,  known  as  Nos.  I,  2  and 
3  Adventure.  This  lode  at  the  point  of 
intersection  shows  a  thickness  of  25  ft. 
with  the  last  7  ft.  on  the  footwall  side 
mineralized.  It  has  not  been  decided 
whether  drifting  will  be  done  at  this 
point  or  sinking  continued  until  the  sec- 
ond of  the  series  is  reached. 

Seneca — The  crosscut  from  the  bottom 
level  of  the  shaft,  a  distance  of  about 
920  ft.  from  surface  has  reached  the 
Kearsarge  lode  and  for  a  distance  of 
about  15  ft.  has  found  it  to  be  up  to  the 
average  of  this  formation  in  a  mineral. 
Drifting  at  this  point  will  be  started  as 
soon  as  the  hangingwall  is  reached. 

Calumet  &  Hecla — The  company  has 
started  a  furnace  building  at  its  smelt- 
ing plant  at  Hubbell.  Two  furnaces  will 
he  installed  at  once,  but  the  building  is 
being  laid  out  for  further  extensions. 
The  product  of  these  furnaces  will  be 
about  150  tons  to  a  charge  in  the  form 
of   anodes. 

Atlantic — This  company  is  centering 
its  operation  to  the  25th  or  bottom  level 
of  its  Section  16  shaft,  drifting,  cross- 
cutting  and  drill  work  is  being  carried 
on  and  some  very  encouraging  ground 
has  been  exposed. 

Iron 

Republic — A  225-h.p.  steam  turbine  is 
being  installed  for  generating  electric 
power.  Wade  Siebenthal,  Republic,  is 
superintendent. 

Negannee — Shaft  No.  3  is  being  sunk 
on  this  Cleveland-Cliffs  property.  A 
two-compartment  raise  from  the  700-ft. 
level  to  the  surface  was  put  through. 
This  is  now  being  stripped  down  and  the 
shaft  lined  with  19  in.  of  concrete.  S.  R. 
Elliott,   Negaunee,   is  superintendent. 

Clevrland-Cliffs  —  A  steel  crusher 
building,  equipped  with  gyratory  trush- 
crs,  is  being  installed  at  the  Cliff  shaft, 
Ishpeming. 

Chapin — A  dry  house  for  500  men  is 
being  built  at  this  Oliver  rnine.  Iron 
mountain. 

New  York  State  Steel^Two  develop- 
ment shafts  are  being  sunk  on  this 
property,  two  miles  northwest  of  Iron 
river.  One  shaft  is  125  ft.  deep  and  the 
other  is  160  ft.  These  will  be  sunk  to 
about  the  400- ft.  level.  Two  I50-h.p. 
boilers,  hoisting  and  compressor  plants 
are  being  installed.  Rudolph  Ericson, 
Iron  River,  is  superintendent. 


880 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  30,  1910. 


Minnesota 
Great  Northern  Copper  Company — 
The  company  is  exploring  a  copper  bed 
in  the  Keewenawan  formation  exposed 
on  the  Snake  river,  near  Hinckley.  C.  E. 
Ovenshire,  Andrus  building,  Minneapolis, 
is  president. 

Missouri 
Marion  B— This  company,  together 
with  the  land  owners,  is  sueing  the 
Frisco  Railway  Company  for  damages 
in  destroying  the  Morning  Hour  and  Big 
Three  mines  in  Joplin.  The  Frisco 
drilled  several  holes  into  pillars  in  the 
mines  and  shot  them  with  heavy  charges 
of  dynamite  resulting  in  the  caving  of 
the  ground,  thus  preventing  mining. 

Montana 
Butte  District 
Anaconda— The  new  Gagnon  shaft  is 
down  950  ft.  From  the  1500-ft.  level 
a  raise  is  being  run  to  connect  with  this 
shaft  and  is  now  up  200  ft.  At  the  Ana- 
conda mine  the  fires  have  been  bulk- 
headed  and  are  now  under  better  control 
than  they  have  been  for  some  time. 
Opening  of  the  shaft  from  the  800-  to 
the  1000-ft.  levels  has  been  started  and 
has  progressed  to  40  ft.  below  the  800- 
ft.  level.  The  shaft  will  be  repaired  to 
the  2000- ft.  level,  which  is  the  bottom 
and  will  not  be  put  to  use  below  the 
800-ft.  level  until  Jan.  1.  At  the  Little 
Mina  mine  there  is  about  100-ft.  of  water 
in  the  1400-ft.  shaft.  This  is  now  being 
pumped.  About  900  cars  of  ore  are 
hoisted,  principally  from  the  800-  and 
1000-ft.  levels.  At  the  Mountain  Con- 
solidated mine  800  mine  cars  are  being 
hoisted  daily.  The  mine  cars  hold  some- 
what less  than  a  ton.  The  East  Gray 
Rock  mine  is  now  shipping  between  300 
and  400  tons  daily.  At  the  West  Grav 
Rock  mine  the  shaft  is  being  timbered 
and  no  ore  is  being  hoisted.  The  Tram- 
way mine  is  now  hoisting  1 150  tons  daily. 
The  shaft  is  now  down  100  ft.  below  the 
2000-ft.  level. 

Tuolumne — On  the  first  floor  above  the 
!400-ft.  level  an  orebody  varying  in  width 
from  10  to  12  ft.  and  averaging  15  per 
cent,  copper  has  recently  been  cut.  Sup- 
erintendant  Sheehan  states  that  the  ore 
now  being  shipped  averages  better  than 
9  per  cent,  copper. 

Broadwater'  County 
Keating— Or\  the  600- ft.  level  the  ore- 
shoot  has  widened  to  4  ft.,  averaging  from 
S14  to  $16  a  ton.  On  the  400-  and  500- ft. 
levels  some  ore  has  been  struck  carrying 
in  addition  to  the  usual  gold,  17  per  cent. 
copper. 

Fergus  County 

North  Kendall- -The  tunnel  is  in  ore 
and  it  is  possible  that  a  mill  will  be 
erected   in  the   spring. 

Barnes-King— The  recent  strike  seems 


to  be  of  large  extent  and  there  is  suffi- 
cient ore  in  sight  to  operate  the  mill. 
The  new  orebody  averages,  according  to 
report,  between  SIO  and  S20  to  the  ton. 

Granite  County 
H.  C.  Bacorn,  manager  of  the  Cable 
mine,  has  secured  a  lease  and  bond  on 
the  Hidden  Lake  group,  situated  in  the 
Georgetown  district.  It  is  stated  that  the 
price  is  S250,000,  and  the  term  18 
months.  The  ore  is  present  in  large 
quantities,  but  is  of  low  grade  and  be- 
cause of  its  refractory  character  has  not 
been  successfully  reduced.  It  is  prob- 
able that  a  test  run  will  be  made  in  the 
Southern  Cross  mill,  which  is  not  being 
repaired.  At  the  Shakespear  mine,  of  the 
Mount  Royal,  in  the  Antelope  district, 
work  is  being  rushed  on  the  compressor 
plant  and  stamp  mill.  A.  B.  Ringling  is 
in  charge.  John  Randall,  of  Sante  Fe, 
N.  Mex.,  is  experimenting  with  the  ores 
of  the  district  and  will  probably  remain 
all  winter.  He  represents  interests  which 
will  build  a  reduction  works  if  found 
feasible.  Superintendent  Allen,  of  the 
Southern  Cross  mine,  has  returned  and 
the  mill  will  be  started  shortly.  At  the 
Mount  Ram  mine,  owned  by  J.  A.  Mur- 
ray, of  Butte,  a  force  has  been  put  to 
work. 

Jefferson   County 

Basin  Reduction  Works — The  State 
Saving  Bank  has  brought  suit  against 
the  reduction  works  on  a  note  dated 
March  1,  1907,  for  $145,000.  The  com- 
plaint alleges  that  the  interest  has  been 
paid  up  to  November  1,  1909. 

Corhin  Metal  Mining  Company — A 
$20,000  payment  has  recently  been  made 
on  the  bond.  The  management  states 
that  on  the  400- ft.  level  the  crosscut 
has  been  cut  through  the  vein  33  ft.,  but 
the    footwall    has   not   been   encountered. 

Amazon-Montana— At  250  ft.  the 
crosscut  to  No.  2  vein  has  intersected  a 
vein  about  8  ft.  wide  well  mineralized. 
The  250-ft.  shaft  will  be  sunk  100  feet. 

Lewis  &  Clark  County 
Souvenir  Gold  Mining  Company — In 
the  company's  suit  against  Henry  Sher- 
man, the  district  court  has  issued  a  tem- 
porary restraining  order,  prohibiting  de- 
fendant from  trespassing  on  plaintiffs 
Court  House  lode  claim.  An  order  was 
also  made  allowing  plaintiff's  engineers 
to  go  down  into  the  Whitlash  claim, 
which  adjoins  the  Court  House  claim  and 
is  held  by  defendant  under  lease,  so 
that  a  survey  of  the  disputed  orirbodies 
may  be  made.  It  is  alleged  that  the  de- 
fendant for  some  months  past  has  closed 
and  locked  the  Whitlash  shaft  to  prevent 
the  plaintiff  from  investigating  the  al- 
leged ore  conversion. 

Gould  Mines  Company— The  com- 
pany's property  is  near  Gould.  Plans 
have  been  completed  for  the  electrifica- 
tion of  the  mines,  and  work  has  been  be- 
gun on  a  substation,  at  Gould.     William 


Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 

At  the  chlorination  mill  at  Goldfield. 
concentrates  are  being  treated  with  an  ex- 
traction of  95  per  cent.  A  newly  designed 
roaster  is  giving  excellent  results. 

Daisy — The  Morrison  lease  is  shipping. 

Yellow  Tiger — The  formation  in  the 
westerly  workings  on  the  700- ft.  level  in- 
dicates that  the  extension  of  the  vein  sys- 
tem encountered  in  a  winze  from  the  level 
above  is  nearly  reached. 

Lander  County 
Considerable  placer  activity  is  being 
shown  in  Copper,  Philadelphia  and  Ban- 
nock canons,  15  miles  north  of  Battle 
Mountain.  According  to  engineers  who 
have  been  in  the  district,  placer  opera- 
tors are  meeting  with  success. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah  Belmont— Work  on  the  new 
surface  plant  is  practically  completed  and 
with  the  arrival  of  the  big  hoist  and  motor 
operations  will  be  transferred  to  the  new 
shaft.  The  mill  is  operating  at  maximum 
capacity  and  some  high-grade  is  going  to 
the  smelters. 

Tonopah'  -The  new  shaft  on  Sandgrass 
ground  is  still  in  the  later  andcsite  cap- 


J.    Mohr,    a    heavy    stockholder,    has    re- 
turned to  Chicago  after  an  inspection. 

Caroline  Gold  Mining  Company — The 
company  has  been  incorporated  ty  A.  J. 
Galen,  of  Helena,  and  Frank  J.  Glenn 
and  J.  A.  Ryan,  of  Butte.  The  capital- 
ization is  $1,500,000.  The  property  is 
four  miles  southwest  of  Helena,  Mont., 
in  what  is  known  as  Grizzly  Park  and 
comprises  the  Caroline,  Red  Fox, 
Ophelia,  Frances,  Gray  Rock,  Nellie 
Clara  and  Glen  Springs  claims  covering 
in  all  about  110  acres.  It  is  the  intention 
to  sink  a  500-ft.  shaft  and  develop  at  that 
depth. 

Madison  County 

Eureka — John  Huber  is  working  the 
placer  claim  owned  by  himself  and  W. 
A.  Clark.  A  drift  has  been  run  390  ft. 
and  with  an  additional  20  ft.  Huber  ex- 
pects to   strike  pay   streak. 

General  Shafter — Word  has  been  re- 
ceived from  J.  B.  Salisbury,  of  Grand 
Forks,  N.  D.,  one  of  the  principal  stock- 
holders, to  start  operations  at  the  mine, 
in  the  Summit  district.  A  force  is  at 
work  cleaning  out  the  400-ft.  drilt  and 
laying  track.  It  is  probable  that  a  shaft 
will  be  sunk  at  the  face  of  the  drift. 

Pyrite — This  claim  is  near  Alder  Gulch, 
and  considerable  development  has  been 
done  by  Joseph  Andrews,  the  owner.  The 
lead  is  between  15  and  20  ft.  wide  and 
carries  gold  chiefly.  A  contract  will  be 
let  to  sink  the  shaft. 

Hudson  Mining  Company — Carpenters 
are  remodeling  the  Iron  Rod  mill,  plac- 
ing 15  stamps. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


881 


ping   at   528     ft.      The    earlier    andesite 
should   be   reached   at   any   time. 

Tonopah  Liberty — The  130-ton  mill  just 
completed  has  been  put  in  operation.  The 
ore  is  all  slimed,  cyanided  by  agitation 
and  filtered  through  an  Oliver  continuous 
filter.  The  plant  is  said  to  be  a  model  of 
modern  construction. 


Ohio 

L.  &  H.  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany, A.  J.  Laverty,  president,  has  begun 
shipments  from  its  new  mine  on  Big  Run, 
in  the  eastern  part  of  Athens  county,  a 
field  which  has  been  little  worked  so  far. 
The  territory  has  been  well  tested  and  the 
mine  has  been  opened  on  an  8-ft.  seam. 
The  company's  office  is  at  Athens. 


Oregon 
Grant  County 
Dairies — G.  L.  Bender  has  been  ap- 
pointed receiver  on  complaint  of  M.  F. 
Douce.  The  properties  are  at  Greenham 
and  ^lamo  and  G.  W.  Daines  was  presi- 
dent of  the  company. 

Jackson  County 
Pleasant  Creek  Gold — It  has  been  de- 
cided to  hydraulic  the  upper  bench,  and 
dredge  the  lower  ground,  near  Battle 
Mountain.  Joseph  Shelby,  of  Woodville, 
is  manager. 


Pennsylvania 

Anthracite  Coal 

The  Luzerne  county  court,  in  the  ap- 
peal of  the  Lehigh  &-  Wilkes-Barre  Coal 
Company  and  others  from  the  county 
commissioners,  has  confirmed  the  order 
of  the  commissioners;  the  court  holding 
that  S125  per  foot-acre  is  a  fair  valuation 
of  unmined  anthracite,  and  that  Stj7  per 
foot-acre  is  a  proper  assessment  for  pur- 
poses of  taxation. 

Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  Company 
—This  company  has  just  sold  $1,750,000 
in  new  4'j  per  cent,  collateral  trust 
bonds,  the  proceeds  to  be  used  in  paying 
for  the  extensive  draining  works  and 
other  new  colliery  work  now  in  progress. 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  and  Iron 
Company — The  large  new  power  house 
at  St.  Nicholas,  has  been  completed  and 
will  soon  be  In  use.  It  is  intended  to 
furnish  electric  light  to  all  breakers  and 
collieries,  12  in  number,  in  the  Shenan- 
doah district. 


Utah 
Garfield  County 
A  discovery  of  copper  ore  in  the  Henry 
mountains  is  reported.  A  strong  vein  has 
been  opened  for  200  ft.  along  the  strike, 
and  is  said  to  run  well  in  copper,  with 
some  gold.  There  are  coal  mines  within 
six  miles,  and  plenty  of  water  and  tim- 
ber are  found  in  the  neighborhood. 

Iron  County 
Gold  Springs  Mining  and  Power — The 
vein  recently  opened  on  the  200- ft.  level 
is  15  ft.  wide.     On  the   footwall  is  4  ft. 


of  ore  which  runs  well  in  gold.  The  en- 
tire IS  ft.  is  said  to  average  between  S8 
and  SIO  a  ton.  The  crosscut  is  being  com- 
tinued  to  open  the  Talisman  vein,  which 
has  a  better  showing  near  the  surface 
than  the  Jennie.  Leases  may  be  given  on 
the  Snowflake  claims  now  owned  by  this 
company.  The  new  power  plant  at 
Modena  is  stated  to  be  running  smoothly. 
Assessment  No.  1  of  10c.  a  share  was 
levied    Oct.    10. 

Bull  Hill — This  company,  which  owns 
property  near  l-'ay,  has  recently  pur- 
chased a  20-h.p.  Foos  gasolene  engine,  a 
compressor  and  drills,  also  pipe,  rail  and 
car  equipment  for  1300  ft.  of  tunnel. 
Juab  County 

Chief  Consolidated — A  part  of  the 
hoisting  machinery  is  being  installed. 
The  two  boilers  are  in  place.  The  drums 
for  the  hoist  and  part  of  the  other  ma- 
chinery is  on  the  ground.  C.  Calhoon 
has  charge  of  the  installation. 

Centennial-Eureka — The  offices  have 
been  moved  from  the  shaft  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Holden  tunnel,  which  taps  the 
shaft  at  a  depth  of  550  ft.  Oct.  8  the 
miners  began  using  this  tunnel  in  going 
to  and  from  work,  this  saves  the  trip  up 
the  hill,  which  in  the  winter  is  a  hard 
one.     About  300  men  are  employed. 

Tintic  Mining  and  Development — This 
company  owns  claims  near  the  Centen- 
nial-Eureka. A  new  compressor  and 
drill  will  be  installed.  A  shaft  Las  been 
sunk  300  ft.  and  will  probably  be  con- 
tinued from  200  to  300  ft.  further.  The 
holdings   consist   of  some   30  claims. 

King  William — Part  of  the  equipment, 
including  10  ore  cars,  has  been  shipped 
by  the  Galigher  Machinery  Company. 

Crown  Point — Machine  drills  have 
been  installed,  and  are  being  used  to 
sink  the  shaft,  which  is  down  50  ft.  The 
new  hoist,  which  is  capable  of  sinking 
1000  ft.,  is  nearly  ready. 

Iron  King — Shipments  from  this  prop- 
erty are  more  than  paying  current  ex- 
penses. The  tunnel  is  being  extended, 
and  it  is  the  intention,  in  the  near  future, 
to  develop  the  lower  levels. 

Black  Jack — A  vein  of  quartz,  showing 
copper  staining,  8  to  9  ft.  thick,  is  re- 
ported on  the  1000-ft.  level.  Operations 
are  now  within  35  ft.  of  Opohongo 
ground.  The  present  officers  were  re- 
elected at  the  meeting,  Oct.  15.  Jesse 
Knight  is  president. 

Iron  Blossom — According  to  officials,  if 
no  arrangements  are  made  for  smeitmg 
the  silicious  gold  and  silver  ores  from 
the  south  shaft,  a  cyanide  mill  will  be 
addeJ  to  handle  this  class  of  ore.  Th." 
silicious  ore  has  been  opened  for  over 
1000  ft.  on  the  500- ft.  level,  and  is  from 
2  to  ,35  ft.  in  thickness.  The  same  ore- 
body  ha?  recently  been  opened  on  the 
600- ft.  level. 

Tintic  Central- 'A  report  by  Manager 
Holdaway  to  the  directors,  Oct.   11,  rec- 


ommends installing  a  double-drum  hoist 
of  larger  capacity  than  the  one  in  use. 
The  shaft  is  down  910  ft.  and  has  pene- 
trated mineralized  limestone  carrying 
small  amounts  of  gold  and  silver  in 
places.  A  strong  fissure  was  cut  re- 
cently in  running  a  drift  to  catch  water 
from  the  800- ft.  level. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Bingham-New  Haven — The  mill  was 
closed  about  the  first  of  October.  It  is 
reported  that  enough  ore  of  shipping 
grade  has  been  developed  to  keep  up 
shipments  for  five  or  six  months  About 
two  cars  of  copper  ore  daily  are  sent  over 
the  short  tramway  to  the  loading  station 
below  the  Highland  Boy,  and  shipped 
to  Garfield.  The  finding  of  a  new  body 
of  ore  of  better  grade  than  heretofore  is 
said  to  be  responsible  for  the  discontin- 
uance of  mill  operations.  The  company 
is  a  close  corporation,  and  has  issued 
some  230,000  shares.  It  owns  claims 
adjoining  the  Utah  Consolidated  to  the 
south.     L.  E.  Stoddard  :s  president. 

Yampa — General  manager  Charles 
Pringle  has  resigned,  and  will  be  suc- 
ceeded by  J  W.  D.  Moodie.  It  is  expect- 
ed that  the  local  offices  will  be  removed 
to  the  mine  at  Bingham,  leaving  only  an 
accounting  office  in  Salt  Lake  City. 
About  300  tons  of  sulphide  ore  is  being 
shipped  daily  from  the  Yampa  mine  to 
Garfield. 

Bingham  Mines — The  Brooklyn  cross- 
cut, which  is  driven  south  from  the  Mas- 
cot tunnel  underneath  the  old  Brooklyn 
mine  workings,  has  been  extended  to  the 
east-west  vein,  and  1585  ft.  of  drifting 
done  on  this  vein  to  the_west.  A  raise 
was  started  for  the  ore  opened  by  the 
shaft  in  1907.  This  is  up  ,387  ft.  and  has 
cut  both  copper  and  lead  ore,  which  is 
leported  to  have  already  paid  the  ex- 
penses of  development.  A  considerable 
section  of  untouched  ground  remains  in 
the  Brooklyn,  which  can  be  worked  with- 
out pumping  or  hoisting. 

Summit   County 

Progress  is  bringing  about  a  consoli- 
dation of  the  Daly-West,  Ontario,  an.! 
Daly  companies  is  reported  from  the 
East,  though  according  to  Salt  Lake  in- 
formation, no  decisive  action  has  yet 
been   taken. 

Daly-Wesl~\n  driving  the  1550-ft. 
level  toward  the  Daly-Judge  lines  to  con- 
nect with  the  1950-ft.  level  of  the  Anchor 
shaft  for  drainage  purposes,  there  re- 
mains about  700  ft.  of  unexplored  ground 
along  the  Ontario-Daly  fissure.  The 
15,S0  level  broke  into  ore  recently,  which 
has  been  followed  several  sets.  A  num- 
ber of  leases  have  been  granted  on  the 
upper  levels. 

American  Flag — An  examination  last- 
ing several  weeks  has  been  made  by  F. 
V.  Bodfish  and  associates,  which  has  re- 
sulted in  a  five-year  lease.  Work  ha.-; 
been  started.     An  option   is  held  to  pur- 


882 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


chase  a  block  of  treasury  stock.  The 
company  has  set  aside  50,000  shares 
for  30  days,  which  is  open  to  subscrip- 
tion by  present  stockholders  at  50c.  per 
share.  The  assessment  of  3c.  per  share 
levied  June  28  has  been  rescinded.  The 
American  Flag  has  a  strong  fissure  vein 
in  the  quartzite,  which  carries  ore  similar 
to  that  in  the  old  Ontario  mine. 

Mountain  Lake — At  the  annual  meet- 
ing Oct  10,  the  board  of  directors  was 
reelected.  Jesse  Knight  i-;  president.  The 
company  has  an  indebtedness  of  S1707, 
and  an  assessment  of  Ic.  a  share  was 
levied.  Work  is  being  done  on  the  300- 
ft.  tunnel  contract  which  was  recently 
let.  It  is  thought  that  the  new  Snake 
Creek  tunnel  will  partly  drain  this  prop- 
erty. 


Washington 

Ferry  County 

Trade  Dollar — Machinery  is  being  in- 
stalled at  this  mine,  which  is  controlled 
by  Spokane  parties.  J.  W.  Twiner  is 
president. 

Rathborn  Reduction — Several  cars  of 
machinery  have  been  received  at  this 
plant,  and  will  be  installed  as  soon  as 
possible. 

Okanogan  County 

El  Dorado — This  mine  will  be  worked 
all  winter,  and  new  machinery  installed 
in  the  spring.  Henry  Bahrrs,  of  Loom- 
is,  is  the  owner. 

Stevens  County 
Interest  is  being  taken  in  the  tungsten 
strikes  throughout  this  and  adjoining 
counties.  A  new  strike  has  been  made 
near  Springdale,  by  Herbert  A.  Cook, 
deputy  State  mining  engineer. 


Wyoming 

Fremont  County 
Fremont  Dredging  Company — The 
company  has  acquired  tiO,000,000  cu.yd. 
of  dredging  ground  along  the  Big  Wind 
river,  and  is  installing  a  Clark  portable 
dredge.  Operation  will  be  begun  in  the 
spring  of  1911.  A.  L.  Lockridge  is  'n 
charge. 

Canada 

British  Columbia 
Pacific  Metals  Company — At  the  an- 
nual meeting  in  Victoria  recently,  the  fol- 
lowing were  elected  directors:  Alvo  von 
Alvensleben,  Vancouver;  Harold  M.  Daly, 
Vancouver;  J.  Herrick  McGregor,  Walter 
Walker,  Philip  Oldham,  C.  Arthur  Rea 
and  William  M.  Brewer,  of  Victoria.  The 
directors  met  and  elected  the  following 
officers:  President,  Wm.  W.  Brewer;  vice- 
president,  Alvo  von  Alvensleben;  secre- 
tary, C.  Arthur  Rea;  treasurer,  R.  F. 
Taylor;  general  manager,  J.  L.  Parker. 
The  president  reported  that  at  the  Dean 
group.  Prince  of  Wales  island,  Alaska, 
and  the  Red  Wing  group,  Observatory  in- 


let, B.  C,  considerable  orebodies  had 
been  developed,  the  ore  carrying  good 
copper  contents,  with  some  gold  and  a 
little  silver.  The  ore  actually  in  sight 
at  the  Dean  is  3000  tons.  At  the  Red 
Wing  development  has  not  gone  far 
enough  to  determine  the  size  of  the  ore- 
body.  The  company  has  cash  on  hand  to 
meet  all  necessary  payments,  and  there 
are  106,500  shares  unsold.  It  was  re- 
solved to  continue  the  development  work 
on  both  groups. 

Cariboo — So  little  rain  fell  during  the 
summer  and  autumn  that  water  has  been 
too  short  to  allow  of  cleaning  the  sluice 
boxes  on  the  larger  hydraulic  mines,  con- 
sequently the  gold  recovered  this  season 
is  smaller  than  usual. 

Enterprise — S.  S.  Fowler,  of  Nelson, 
has  leased  this  silver-lead  mine,  Ten- 
-Mile  creek,  Slocan  Lake  district,  owned 
by  the  Enterprise  (B.  C.)  Mines,  Ltd., 
of  London.  The  mine  was  discovered  in 
1894,  and  has  3000  ft.  of  development 
and  has  shipped  8215  tons  of  ore  and 
concentrates.  Average  metal  contents  of 
ore  shipped  was  about  127  oz.  silver  per 
ton  and  19  per  cent.  lead.  Latterly  the 
ore  also  contained  23  to  24  per  cent, 
zinc.  The  mine  has  been  idle  since  1905. 
It  has  a  small  concentrating  mill. 

No.  7 — The  Consolidated  company  has 
purchased  this  mine,  formerly  owned  in 
New  York,  and  put  in  aerial  tramway  to 
the  Canadian  Pacific,  at  Boundary  Falls, 
and  electrical  equipment  for  compressor 
and  hoist.  The  ore  is  gold-silver  of  av- 
erage SIO  per  ton,  and  about  20,000  tons 
have  been  developed.  Shipment  to  Trail 
smeltery  commenced  in  October.  Charles 
Biesel,   Phoenix,  is  superintendent. 

Portland  Canal — This  company's  con- 
centrating plant  has  been  started,  the 
first  unit  of  75  tons  a  day  capacity  hav- 
ing been  completed.  Machinery  is  oper- 
ated by  water-power,  and  was  installed 
by  W.  J.  Elmendorf,  of  Spokane. 

Ontario 

Shipments  of  ore  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  Oct.  15  were:  Buffalo,  57,260 
lb.;  Chambers-Ferland,  64,000;  Cobalt 
Lake,  40,000;  Colonial,  52,100;  Coniagas, 
59,170;  Kerr  Lake,  360,630;  McKinley- 
Darragh,  117,200;  Nipissing,  195,940; 
Right-of-Way,  76,500;  total,  1,022,900 
pounds. 

City  of  Cobalt — At  the  annual  meeting 
it  was  decided  not  to  declare  a  dividend 
for  the  present.  The  ore  -shipped 
amounted  to  36111.  tons  which  gave  a  re- 
turn of  S103,335.  The  reserves  are  esti- 
mated at  425,000  ounces. 

Treihewey — A  statement  issued  by  this 
Cobalt  company  showed  on  Oct.  1  cash 
in  hand  and  due,  S207,740;  and  ore  sacked, 
.■-;  12,847,  making  S220,587.  After  provid- 
ing for  dividends  and  outstanding  liabili- 
ties there  is  a  surplus  of  $102,750. 

Hudson  Bay — This  company  has  taken 


up    its    option    on     the     O'Gomian-Sweet 
properties  in  Gowganda. 

Nipissing — Recent  developments  in  the 
Meyer  shaft  have  made  this  working  the 
principal  producer  of  the  company.  The 
producing  center  has  now  moved  to  the 
northern  section  of  the  property,  where 
are  the  Meyer,  Fourth  of  July  and  No.  64 
shafts. 

Crown  Reserve — A  report  for  the  nine 
months  ended  Sept.  30  states  that  23  cars 
of  high-grade  and  54  cars  of  low-grade 
ore  were  shipped  having  a  total  net  value 
of  SI, 146,203.  Total  operating  expenses 
wtre  S184,128,  leaving  a  net  profit  of 
S857,282.  Dividends  of  $795,966  were 
paid  during  this  period.  The  total  cash 
surplus  on  hand  Sept.  30  was  $610,595. 

Keeley — This  South  Lorrain  property  is 
raising  good  ore  from  the  100-ft.  level 
ard  will  ship  one  car  of  high-  and  one  of 
low-grade  ore  before  the  close  of  naviga- 
tion. 

Cobalt  Central — The  sale  of  the  assets 
of  this  company  now  in  liquidation  has 
been  ordered  on  Dec.  28.  The  property 
comprises  240  acres  and  is  valued  at  $1,- 
926,753.  The  company  is  capitalized  at 
$5,000,000. 

La  Rose — The  annual  report  for  the 
year  ended  May  31  shows  an  output  of 
3.170,028  oz.  of  silver  of  the  net  value 
of  $1,472,005.  The  total  cost  of  produc- 
tion, including  much  development,  was 
23.27c.  per  oz.  and  the  average  selling 
price  52.26c.  Dividends  were  paid 
amounting  to  $500,000,  or  12  per  cent,  on 
capital,  and  the  combined  surplus  of  the 
holding  and  operating  companies  was 
$473,740.  The  ore  reserves  of  the  La  Rose 
mine  only  were  estimated  at  5,544,000  oz. 
an  increase  Over  the  previous  year  of 
576,000  oz.  The  company  has  opened  a 
new  vein  parallel  to  the  main  La  Rose 
vein  which  as  near  as  can  be  figured  gives 
assurance  of  net  yield  of  at  least  $500.- 
000,  with  indication  that  over  $1,000,000 
net  will  be  demonstrated  with  develop- 
ment. 

Moose  Horn — A  test  shipment  of  ore 
has  been  made  from  this  Elk  Lake  mine 
to  the  Beer  Sondheimer  Company  of 
Hamburg,  Germany,  in  sufficient  quantity 
to  enable  the  consignees  to  determine  the 
values  of  each  kind  of  ore.  If  the  results 
are  satisfactory  future  shipments  will  be 
made  to  Germany,  where  it  is  claimed  all 
the  ore  contents  can  be  recovered. 

Foster — This  Porcupine  company  has 
resumed  work  and  will  sink  two  shafts  50 
ft.  and  about  500  ft.  apart. 

United  Porcupine — B.  P.  Foster,  of 
Cleveland  has  been  placed  in  charge  of 
ihis  property,  in  Whitney  township,  which 
has  been  undergoing  development  since 
February.  Eight  veins  in  all  have  been 
found.  A  shaft  is  being  put  down  on  the 
main  veinfi  which  has  a  width  of  40  ft. 
and  at  20  ft.  the  showings  are  encourag- 
ing. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


883 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 

Cerro  dc  los  Campanas — Development 
is  satisfactorily  progressing  through  two 
500-ft.  shafts  at  this  property  in  the 
Naica  camp  opening  up  lead  carbonate 
ore. 

West  Mexican  Mines  Company — This 
company  is  erecting  a  250-ton  cyanide 
plant  in  the  Guadalupe  y  Calvo  camp  in 
the  extreme  southwestern  part  of  the 
State  About  250  men  are  employed  un- 
I  der  the  direction  of  manager  David  B. 
Gemmill.  The  consulting  engineer  is  J. 
S.  MacArthur. 

Mina  Vie/a — This  mine  in  the  Santa 
Eulalia  camp  shipped  about  5000  tons  to 
the  Chihuahua  smeltery  during  September 
and  will  equal  or  surpass  this  tonnage 
during  October.  As  a  result  the  Chihua- 
hua plant  is  running  at  normal  capacity 
again.  The  mine  is  owned  by  the  Amer- 
i|  ican  Smelting  and  Refining  Company. 
Guanajuato 

La  Tula — This  company  at  La  Luz,  is 
erecting  a  stamp  mill,  W.  H.  Puffer  is 
manager. 

Tajn  de  Dolores — The  mill  will  be  com- 
pleted by  Jan.  1.  W.  H.  McCord  is  man- 
ager. The  property  is  at  Guanajuato  and 
is  controlled  by  the  Proprietary  Mines 
Company. 

Guerrero 

Mora  y  Milagro — This  Mexico  City 
company  has  leased  the  Chorrillo  con- 
centrating plant,  in  the  Taxco  district, 
and  is  treating  its  ores  there.  The  tail- 
ings are  being  stored  for  cyanidation. 

Atlixtac — The  erection  of  the  cyanide 
plant  was  delayed  by  transportation  diffi- 
culties during  the  rainy  season.  Con- 
struction will  now  be  pushed,  and  it 
is  expected  to  have  the  plant  ready  for 
operation  by  the  opening  of  1911. 

Taxco  Mines  of  Mexico — Attention  is 
being  given  principally  to  proving  ore 
supplies  in  the  old  Rosario  properties. 
Development  has  resulted  in  the  open- 
ing of  some  high-grade  ore.  The  mines 
are  being  put  in  shape  for  production. 
Hidalgo 

Sonora  y  Ures — This  company  is  sink- 
ing two  shafts.  No  crosscutting  will  be 
done  until  975  ft.  is  reached.  The  prop- 
erty is  north  of  La  Blanca. 

Cinco  Senores — This  Pachuca  prop- 
erty, recently  sold  to  an  American  com- 
pany, is  being  developed.  It  is  north 
of  the   Santa   Gertrudis. 

Real  del  Monte — The  company  has 
nearly  completed  the  enlarging  of  the 
Loreto  mill.  Krupp  tube  mills  and 
Pachuca  tanks  have  been  added,  increas- 
ing the  capacity  to  650  tons  daily. 
Jalisco 

El  Favor — Two   additional   tube   mills, 

I    a  total  of   four,   have  been   ordered    for 

the  new  reduction   plant.     Improvements 

have  been  made   in   the   cyanide   annex. 


Heavier  track  is  being  laid  in  the  main 
tunnel  and  the  mine  put  in  shape  for 
steady  production.  Stoping  and  milling 
will  start  with  the  transmission  of  power 
to   the    Hostotipaquillo    district. 

Rosario — This  Pennsylvania  company 
is  ready  to  start  at  the  old  Rosario,  Con- 
desa  and  Providencia  mines  in  the  San 
Martin  camp,  Bolahos  district.  A  con- 
tract has  been  let  for  a  vertical  shaft 
on  the  Rosario,  designed  to  open  the 
property  below  the  old  workings.  The 
company  acquired  the  mines  several 
years  ago,  but  little  has  been  done. 

Mo/o/oa— Some  ore  is  being  shipped 
from  this  Hostotipaquillo  property,  idle 
for  some  time.  It  is  owned  by  the 
Mololoa  Mines  Company,  of  Toronto. 
W.  M.  Mathews  is  in  cliarge. 

Chatterton — These  mines,  in  the  Ta- 
palpa  district,  are  to  be  reopened  and 
worked  by  N.  W.  Kinross,  formerly  man- 
ager of  the  Chatterton  Mining  Company, 
now  controlled  by  W.  H.  Baldwin,  of  De- 
lavan.  111. 

Mexican  Iron  and  Steel — Traction  en- 
gines will  be  used  in  the  transportation 
of  ore  from  the  Tula  iron  mines  to  the 
foundry,  23  miles.  One  train  has  been 
purchased  and  two  more  will  be  ordered. 
Lach  engine  is  expected  to  handle  40 
tons.  At  present  the  ore  is  transported  on 
mule-back. 

Mexico 

Oro  Nolan — This  El  Oro  mine  has  con- 
tracted for  an  electrical  equipment  for 
extensive  development. 

Michoacan 

Equidad — This  company,  operating  in 
the  Chapatuato  district,  12  hours  from 
Morelia,  will  install  a  20-ton  Partridge 
smelter.  Other  properties  in  the  dis- 
trict are  active. 

Oaxaca 

Sanford — In  a  crosscut  tunnel  on  this 
property,  in  the  Taviche  district,  owned 
by  John  B.  Haralson,  bonanza  ore  in  the 
Esperanza  vein  has  been  cut.  The  result 
is  renewal  of  operations  on  the  adjoining 
Esperanza  and  in  the  Boston  and  an  in- 
creased interest  in  the  possibilities  of 
deep  development  in  the  whole  district. 

San  Juan — This  mine,  owned  by  Judge 
Wilson,  C.  H.  Hamilton  and  associates  is 
shipping  250  tons  per  month,  estimated 
to  run  above  3  kg.  silver,  and  40  grams  of 
gold  from  stcpes  between  500  and  600 
feet. 

Veronica — This  mine  is  in  bonanza  and 
paying  development   from  ore  extracted. 

Esmeralda — This  mine,  in  San  Jose 
district,  has  come  into  bonanza.  The 
vein  is  over  2  m.  in  width,  and  the  mine 
is  shipping  regularly. 

Natividad — This  mine,  in  San  Jose  dis- 
trict, owned  by  Sr.  Mimiaga,  is  active. 
In  the  Trinidad  claim,  a  vein  of  3  ft.  as- 
says 3  kg.  of  silver  and  30  grams  of  gold 
per  ton. 


Indiana — This  mine,  adjoining  the 
Rosario,  has  opened  an  oreshoot  assay- 
ing 20  kg.  of  silver  and  about  200  grams 
of  gold.  Shipping  has  commenced.  This 
ore  was  apparently  overlooked  by  the 
former  manager  and  left  standing  to  one 
side  of  the  drift. 

Sonora 

Lluvia  de  Oro — This  company,  with 
properties  in  the  Moctezuma  district,  is 
driving  a  2500- ft.  tunnel  for  prospecting. 

La  Prieta — A  moderate  power  plant, 
hoisting  apparatus  and  pump  are  being 
installed  at  this  mine.  Alamos  district. 

Zacatecas 

Laguna  de  Guadalupe — The  plant  de- 
signed for  the  treatment  of  the  old  tail- 
ings from  this  lagoon  will  be  soon  in 
commission.  It  consists  of  a  Blake 
crusher,  two  Bryan  mills.  Dorr  classifier 
and  thickener,  four  Pachuca  tanks,  cone 
rccsiver  and  distributer,  a  Wilfley  drum 
filter  and  a  Grothe-Carter  tray  filter. 
The  plant  is  a  Zacatecas  enterprise,  R. 
Alunoz  being  the  engineer.  Ore  from  Las 
Minillas  mine  also  will  be  treated. 

Eden — The  concentrating  plant  is  be- 
ing remodeled  and  enlarged.  Kobbe- 
Middleton  pans  are  being  installed  for  re- 
grinding,  and  reconcentration  will  be  on 
Deister  and  Johnston  tables. 

Rio  Tinto — New  pumping  equipment 
has  been  installed  and  it  is  expected  that 
the  water  will  be  controlled.  K.  F.  Hoff- 
man is  manager.  The  property  is  at 
Zacatecas  on  the  Cantera  vein. 


Afrca 

Transvaal 

Gold  production  in  September  is  re- 
ported at  621,311  oz.  from  the  Witwa- 
tersrand  and  25,588  oz.  from  other  dis- 
tricts; a  total  of  046,899  oz.,  which  is 
2370  oz.  less  than  in  August,  but  40,514 
oz.  more  than  in  September,  1909.  For 
the  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30  the  total 
was  5,475,374  oz.  in  1909,  and  5,597,387 
oz.,  or  5115,697,990  in  1910;  an  increase 
of  122,013.  There  were  72  mills  at 
work,  having  a  total  of  9816  stamps. 

The  native  labor  return  shows  the 
number  employed  Sept.  30  as  follows: 
Gold  mines,  182,200;  diamond  mines, 
8646;  coal  mines,  8798;  total,  199,644, 
a  net  decrease  of  300  during  the  month. 
In  September,  1909,  there  were  3204 
Chinamen  and  165,110  negroes  reported; 
a  total  of  168.314,  or  31,330  less  than 
this    year. 


South  America 
Ecuador 
U.  S.  Cold  Dredging  and  Rubber  Com- 
pany— Otis  S.  Gage,  president  of  this 
company,  95  Liberty  street.  New  York, 
has  gone  to  London  to  conclude  arrange- 
ments with  F.  W.  Payne  &  Co.,  for  the 
building  and  installation  of  the  first 
dredge  on  the  property  in  the  province  of 
Esmeraldas. 


884 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


THE  MARKETS 


^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions    and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


New  York,  Oct.  26— There  is  little  new 
in  the  coal-trade  situation  in  the  West. 
With  the  opening  of  the  Illinois  mines, 
trade  is  steadily  returning  to  normal  con- 
ditions. At  some  points,  notably  St. 
Louis,  there  is  actually  a  surplus  of  coal. 
Car  supply  is  improving  a  little,  but  is 
still  below  the  standard. 

In  the  East  there  is  nothing  new,  either 
in  the  anthracite  or  the  seaboard  bitum- 
inous trade.  Business  in  bituminous  coal 
continues  good. 

It  has  been  understood  for  some  time 
that  the  new  Virginian  railroad  was  on  the 
market.  It  was  built  by  the  late  H.  H. 
Rogers,  and  his  estate  is  not  disposed  to 
carry  it.  The  latest  report  is  that  it  has 
been  sold  to  the  New  York  Central,  which 
seems  a  little  doubtful.  The  Central  has 
no  connections  with  West  Virginia  and 
no  interests  there. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

In  September  the  Virginian  railway  de- 
livered to  tidewater  at  Sewall's  Point, 
Va.,  136.599  short  tons  of  coal;  making 
a  total  of  1,311,210  tons  for  the  nine 
months  ended  Sept.  30.  To  the  corres- 
ponding date  in  1909,  when  the  road  was 
only  partially  opened,  the  total  was  125,- 
985  tons. 

Coal  shipments  over  railroads  in  the 
Ohio  Coal  Traffic  Association,  eight 
months  ended  Aug.  31,  short  tons: 

1909.  1910.  Changes. 

HockliiKVallPV....;.   1,834,049  2,898,040  I.l,0B4,.');ll 

Tolerto  fcOhio'cpllt..      802.838  1,360.363  I.    6-.i,r.2r. 

Baltiincri' JtOhio...,      911,615  1.528,103  I.    6ir,,4K,s 

WheoliiiK  &  L.  El'if.     l.H.w,357  2,440,63C  I.    485,2H1 

Clovp.,  Lorain  &  Wh.  1,527,689  2,09.3.302  I.    5i;5,r,13 

Zauosvtllp&WeatPl-u      f.83.448  191,023  I.    lIlT.fiTS 

Toledci  Dlv..  Pen.  Co.  1.149,708  1,464.590  I,    314,s.s2 

L.Erlo.AlIlance&Wb.      644,470  771,301  I.    126,831 

Marietta.  Col.  &  Clev.        50,630  67.482  I,      16,8.52 

Wabasli-Pltt3.  Tei-m.        15,756  39,456  I.      23,7(KI 


Total  increase  this  year,  18,035,418 
tons,  or  20.4  per  cent.  Anthracite  ton- 
nages of  Pennsylvania  and  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  are  given  elsewhere. 


Total... 9,575.600  13,454.898    1.3,879.338 

Total  increase  this  year  40.5  per  cent. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  tonnage  is  of  the  Ohio 
lines  only;  main-line  tonnage  is  given 
elsewhere. 

Bituminous-coal  and  coke  tonnage  of 
leading  railroads  in  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia,  seven  months  ended  Aug. 
31,  short  tons: 


Bltumlnoiia, 

Pennsylvania 26,793,789 

Bait,  i^-  Oliln 18,695,042 

Butl..  Hoch.  &  Pitts.  4,777,075 
Burr,  k  SviMiineh'na  910.960 
Penn.  linen.  N.  Y.  C.     5.123.094 

Pitts,  k  h.  Erie 7.2Mll,.-,7ll 

Pltt.s..Sliawniut&N.  751.463 
Norfolk  \- Western.  n.31i.i',ii7 

OlH'S.  k  Ohio 10,475.321 

Vlrt'lhlun 799. 4K1 


Coko. 

9.260,048 

2.996,031 

427,117 

184,330 

42,303 

4,326,625 

14,1.53 

1.940,834 

310,679 

15,402 


Total. 

36,1153,837 

21,691,073 

.5,204,192 

I.095,29r) 

5,165.307 

11.007,195 

705,610 

13,2(;l,411 

10,78i;,IHKI 

814,943 


Total 

Totli).  19IIH 


80.921,4((2    19,B23.,5B8  10r,.444.990 
,  72.724.313    15.085,2.59    88.409.572 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Oct.  26 — A  little  cool  spell  this  week 
helped  the  domestic  market  but  not  to  any 
great  e.\tent.  It  has  passed  and  consum- 
ers seem  to  be  looking  forward  to  a  mild 
winter.  Steam  sizes,  outside  of  contract 
deliveries,  are  quiet.  There  is  some  com- 
plaint of  short  water  supply,  which  makes 
operations  slow  at  some  collieries. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  broken  and  S5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor.  For 
steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are:  Pea, 
S2,95f;Y3.25;  buckwheat,  $1.15(?/ 2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  $1,65(5  2;  bar- 
ley. S1.35'V(  1.50;  all  according  to  quality, 
f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 

BiTU.MlNOUS 

The  seaboard  soft-coal  trade  continues 
in  good  shape,  with  plenty  of  inquiries 
and  good  sales.  The  West  continues  to 
t.-ike  considerable  gas  coal  from  eastern 
territory,  which  makes  the  market  still 
firmer. 

Prices  are  well  held  at  the  recent  ad- 
vances. Gas  coals  are  selling  at  tide  at 
prices  which  realize  $1.05r(/ 1.10  at  mine 
for  'u-in.,  95c. re/, SI  for  run-of-mine  and 
70c.  for  slack.  Low-volatile  steam  coals 
bring  ?2.70rf/ 2.75,  New  York  harbor,  for 
the  lower  grades,  snd  up  to  S2.90'(/3  for 
better  qualities. 

Car  supply  is  beginning  to  be  a  moving 
question.  On  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
chiefly  owing  to  the  improvements  in 
progress,  mines  are  getting  some  20  per 
cent,  below  their  requirements;  on  other 
lines  at  least  10  per  cent,  below.  The 
situation  is  not  improving. 

In  the  coastwise  vessel  market  rates 
are  firm,  with  a  tendency  to  advance. 
From  Philadelphia  rates  continue  on  the 
basis  of  706'/  75c.  to  Boston  or  Portland. 
From  New  York  60c.  is  quoted  to  points 
around  Cape  Cod;  401?!  45c.  to  Providence 
and  New  Bedford;  30f?/35c.  to  Sound 
ports. 

In  the  suit  brought  by  the  Carbon  Coal 
Company  and  others  against  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Coal  Company  to  recover  damages 
for  alleged  discrimination  in  rates  in  fa- 
vor of  the  Berwind-White  Coal  Company, 
the  United  States  Circuit  Court  has  re- 
fused to  grant  a  motion  of  the  Pennsylva- 
I'.ia  counsel  for  a  nonsuit,  and  orders  that 
the  case  must  go  to  the  jury. 


Birmingham 

Oct.  2'' — A  car  shortage  is  reported 
in  some  sections  of  tlie  Alabam.a  coal- 
mining district  The  production  in  all 
parts  of  the  district  is  at  the  top  notch. 
The  demand  is  extraordinarily  heavy. 
The  shipments  of  coal  from  this  district 
to  New  Orleans  are  heavy. 

Francis  L.  Robins,  of  Muoile,  and  as- 
sociates, are  making  arrangements  to 
ship  Alabama  coal  in  barges  down  the 
Tombigbee  river  to  Mobile,  A  point 
near  Lock   16  will  be  the  shipping  port. 


Chicago 

Oct.  24 — Quiet  conditions  continue  in 
the  coal  market,  though  the  cool  weather 
of  the  last  three  or  four  days  has  in- 
creased perceptibly  sales  of  domestic 
coals.  The  demand  for  steam  coals  con- 
tinues large  and  steady,  but  the  supply 
of  every  kind  is  large  also  and  the  local 
market  has  been  receiving,  in  the  last 
week,  all  it  could  dispose  of  at  present 
prices.  In  some  respects  the  market  has 
improved — in  the  restriction,  by  large 
producers,  of  the  amount  of  Illinois  lump 
and  screenings  sent  to  this  market  and  in 
the  generally  increased  demand  for  do- 
mestic coals.  Railroad  companies  are 
held  to  be,  in  a  large  measure,  respon- 
sible for  the  over-large  shipments, 
through  their  restrictions  on  the  use  of 
their  cars  by  connecting  lines.  And  the 
old  policy  continues  of  sending  to  Chi- 
cago any  shipment  for  which  there  is  not 
a  favorable  outlook  elsewhere. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  lump  brings  in  car 
lots  .^^2.10^/3;  run-of-mine,  S1.85f<(  2.05, 
and  screenings  S1.25ra  1.55.  HockingJ 
is  steadiest  and  strongest  of  coals  from 
east  of  Indiana,  bringing  S3.40.  Smoke- 
less shows  some  weakness  on  run-of- 
mine.  at  S3.30,  while  lump  is  strong  at 
S3. 95fr.' 4.15.  The  anthracite  trade  shows 
marked  improvement,  owing  to  the  weath- 
er change,  in  both  city  and  country. 


Cleveland 

Oct.  24 — Lake  trade  is  still  heavy. 
One  result  is  that  there  is  a  surplus  of 
slack  to  be  had,  as  the  Lake  shipments 
are  all  lump.  Contract  boats  are  hand- 
ling all  the  trade,  notwithstanding  the 
heavy  shipments.  Locally  steam  trade  is 
steady,  and  domestic  business  active. 

Middle  district  coal  brings  $2.15  for 
'.■4-ln.,  $1.90  for  .>i-in.,  S1.80  for  run- 
of-mine,  $1.50f?M.55  for  slack,  all  f.o.b. 
Cleveland.  No.  8  and  Cambridge  dis- 
tricts 5c.  higher.  Youghiogheny,  S2.-i5(if 
2.50  for  lump,  and  $2.20^(2.25  for  run- 
of-mine. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


885 


Indianapolis 
Oct.  25 — The  Indiana  coalfields  con- 
tinue actively  at  work,  with  a  good  de- 
mand, and  with  the  shipments  practically 
limited  only  by  the  car  supply.  This 
continues  irregular,  but  it  is  hoped  thr' 
the  e.\pected  slackening  of  Lake  shipments 
will  release  many  cars  which  will  be 
available  for  general  trade. 


Pittsburg 

Oct.  25 — Ore  shipments  have  been  de- 
creasing rapidly  in  the  past  10  days  and 
the  Lake  coal  movement  has  fallen  off 
materially.  Coal  interests  are  shipping 
coal  on  all  the  boats  they  can  get.  The 
season's  movement  will  be  considerably 
less  than  was  predicted.  Car  supply  has 
been  fairly  good,  and  no  trouble  is  ex- 
pected this  winter.  Prices  are  not  quot- 
ably  changed,  but  are  subject  to  some- 
what more  shading  than  formerly:  Mine- 
run  and  nut,  S1.20r</  1.22;S;  M-in-  S1.30 
\  @K32'/:.:  domestic  I'4-in.,  S1.45frj 
1.47'/.;  slack,  75r<(82'<c.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke— A  sale  of  15,000 
tons  of  furnace  coke  for  November  is 
reported  at  SI. 55,  the  slightly  reduced 
priced  named  in  last  report.  It  is  re- 
ported that  a  sale  of  15,000  tons  of  fur- 
nace coke  has  been  made  for  the  first 
quarter  at  SI. 75,  but  this  is  not  con- 
firmed, and  is  somewhat  doubtful.  In 
general  the  market  continues  quiet,  with 
neither  buyers  nor  sellers  eager  to  ne- 
gotiate for  next  year.  W^e  quote  per 
ton:  Prompt  furnace,  SLSSffi  1.60;  con- 
tract (nominal),  SI. 75(1/ 1.85;  prompt 
foundry,  S2'((2.15;  contract,  S2.25(rt' 
2.50,  all  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  production  in  the 
Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ended  Oct.  15,  at 
351,988  tons,  an  increase  of  nearly  2000 
tons,  and  shipments  at  3886  cars  to  Pitts- 
burg, 5635  cars  to  points  west  and  924 
cars  to  points  east;  a  total  of  10,445 
cars. 


St.  Louis 
Oct.  24 — The  market  this  week  has 
leen  very  slow,  in  fact,  it  was  only  saved 
rom  complete  demoralization  by  some 
irisk  weather  which  arrived  here  about 
he  middle  of  the  week.  The  situation  is 
ntirely  a  railroad  one.  The  restrictions 
in  equipment  have  played  havoc  with  the 
narket  and  prices  locally.  While  demand 
rom  out  of  town  is  still  good,  yet  in 
ympathy  with  the  local  depression  prices 
n  the  country  are  somewhat  lower.  The 
lemand  from  steam  plants  is  light  and 
team  sizes  are  hard  to  move.  Screen- 
ings have  gone  as  low  as  25  ft  30c.  at 
[nines.  Mine-run  is  also  hard  to  move, 
ifere  it  not  for  the  fact  that  all  the  rail- 
loads  had  restricted  their  equipment  and 
orced  the  production  on  the  St.  Louis 
larket  locally  prices  would  be  much  bet- 
pr. 

The  Illinois  Central  and  the  Louisville 
Nashville    have    not    only    placed    re- 


strictions on  points  west  of  St.  Louis,  but 
have  also  embargoed  the  Missouri  Pacific 
and  the  Frisco  in  St.  Louis  proper.  These 
further  restrictions  on  equipment  are 
playing  havoc  with  operators  on  the  roads 
who  are  held  down  to  such  a  restricted 
territory  that  they  can  scarcely  get  the 
cost  of  mining  out  of  their  product. 

Dealers  have  all  been  rushed  to  death 
by  the  cold  snap  which  has  just  ai rived 
and  the  retail  yards  w-ill  be  very  much 
congested  in  the  next  60  days  as  the 
season  is  going  to  be  a  very  late  one  this 
year. 

Quite  a  little  smokeless  coal  is  being 
sold  here  and  it  seems  to  be  taking  well. 
This  is  really  the  first  season  smokeless 
has  been  used  in  St.  Louis  in  anything 
like  large  quantities. 

Anthracite — The  market  is  in  good 
shape;  all  sizes  are  moving  freely  and  a 
large  tonnage  is  coming  forward  from 
the  mines. 


M.  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW   S 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


Exports  of  fuel  from  Great  Britain, 
with  coal  sent  abroad  for  the  use  of 
steamships  in  foreign  trade,  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  long  tons: 


Coal 

Cokp 

Briquets 

Total  exports. 
Steamer  coal 


V.tW. 
f.llU     1C,.VJ4,8"7 


SSU.'.lfili 
l.ll.i.lKR 


.  48,7-23,(i3S    48,:)22,399    D. 
.  14,642,879    14.528,745    D. 


515.373 


Total 63,366,617    62,861,14' 

The  total  decrease  this  year  was  0.8 
per  cent.  Imports  of  fuel  are  insignif- 
icant, a  few  thousand  tons  only. 

German  Coal  Production — Coal  pro- 
duction of  German  Empire,  eight  months 
ended  Aug.  31,  metric  tons: 


Coal 97,89,n.!l31 

Brown  coal 43,887,316 

Total  mined..  141,783,247 

Coke  m  ado 13.991 ,2.59 

Briquots  made.    12. 248, 4.58 


1910. 
99,719,729 


143.667,907 
15,373,6)05 


Changes. 
I.  1.823.798 
I.       60,862 

I.  1,884.660 
I.  1,.382.346 
I.     345.231) 


12..')9H.fi88 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year 
9,720,988  tons  were  made  from  brown 
coal   or   lignite. 

German  Coal  Trade — Fuel  trade  of 
German  Empire,  eight  months  ended  Aug. 
31,  metric  tons: 

Exports.  Imports.  Excess. 

Coal 15,0.18,327  7,112,348  Exp.    7.945.979 

Hrown  ooal...          41.177  4,792.1191  Imp.    4.7r)0.914 

Coke '2,683,575  419,606  Exp,    2.263.'.I69 

liliquols 1,252,957  147,669  Exp.    1,105.288 


Total 19,030.030     12.471,714      Exp.    6,504.322 

Total,  1909..  18,246,314    13.476,228     Exp.    4,770.086 

Exports  of  coke  this  year  included 
48.180  tons  to  the   United   States. 

Welsh  Coal  Trade— Messrs.  Hull,  Blythe 
&  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report  prices 
of  coal  as  follows  on  Oct.  8:  Best  Welsh 
steam  coal,  S4.02;  seconds,  $3.84;  thirds, 
S3.66;  dry  coals.  S3.60;  best  Monmouth- 
shire. S3. 54;  seconds.  S3.36;  best  steam 
smalls.  .S2.16;  seconds;  S1.86.  All  prices 
are  per  long  ton.  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  less 
2'4   per  cent,  discount. 


New  York.  Oct.  26 — The  iron  and  steel 
trades  remain  on  about  the  same  basis, 
perhaps  with  a  small  degree  more  of  ac- 
tivity in  current  business.  It  is  still 
a  waiting  market  on  contracts  for  next 
year. 

In  pig  iron  there  has  been  a  little  bet- 
ter demand  for  basic  iron,  and  foundry 
iron  has  been  taken  a  little  better.  Some 
contracts  running  into  first  quarter  have 
been  placed  in  Eastern  territory,  chiefly  by 
stove  works  and  cast-iron  pipe  makers. 
Furnaces  seem  to  be  gradually  settling 
down  to  current  prices  for  good  first- 
quarter  orders. 

In  finished  material  business  is  fair  in 
the  lighter  lines,  as  bars,  sheets,  pipe 
and  wire  products.  In  the  heavier  lines 
the  market  has  been  slow.  The  railroads 
are  buying  little,  but  it  is  said  that  some 
of  the  larger  companies  are  making  up 
their  rail   requirements   for  next   year. 

The  old  rumors  about  a  merger  of  the 
leading  independent  steel  companies  have 
been  revived,  but  have  been  denied,  as 
before.  It  does  not  appear  that  there  is 
any  more  foundation  for  them  than  there 
was  at  an  earlier  date.  The  indepen- 
dents named  are  the  Bethlehem  Steel, 
the  Republic  Iron  and  Steel  and  the  .Jones 
^  Laughlin  Steel  companies. 

It  is  understood  that  the  Bethlehem 
Steel  Company  has  acquired  a  large  in- 
terest in  the  William  Cramp  &  Sons  Ship 
and  Engine  Building  Company,  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

There  has  been  much  gossip  lately 
with  regard  to  the  purpose  of  the  Steel 
Corporation  to  break  with  the  jobbing  in- 
terests and  market  its  products  directly. 
Why  this  talk  should  start  just  now  is 
rather  a  mystery,  for  the  movement  is  not 
new,  by  any  means.  The  Carnegie  com- 
pany has  been  engaged  for  over  two 
years  in  building  warehouses  at  important 
distributing  points,  and  in  taking  other 
steps  to  carry  on  its  own  selling.  The 
jobbers  generally  have  had  notice 
enough,  and  most  of  them  have  been 
placing  their  business  with  the  larger  in- 
dependent interests  for  some  time  past. 
The  middleman  will  nol  give  up  his  es- 
tablished place  in  the  trade  without  a 
fight;  hut  the  fight  really  began  some 
time  ago,  and  it  is  a  mistake  to  call  at- 
tention to   it  now  as  something  new. 

United  States  Steel  Corporation — The 
statement  for  the  quarter  ended  Sept.  30 
is    as    follows: 

Net  Earnings :  1909.  1910. 

July $  12,530,770  $12,132,188 

AuKuat 12,437,754  13,132,756 

8ei)tember 13.278,383  12.100,244 


Qiinitor'8  not  earnings $38,246,907    $.'17,365,187 


Depreciation,  etc $G,316.46'j 

Interest  and  sinking  funds 7,311,962 


Total  chnrges $13,628,424 

Surplus  for  the  quarter $23,736,703 

Appropriations  were  made  of  $12,658,- 


886 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


700  for  dividends — l)i  per  cent,  on  pre- 
ferred and  114  on  common —  and  of  S7,- 
500,000  for  new  construction;  leaving 
an  undivided  balance  of  $3,578,063.  The 
net  earnings  were  $2,805,713  less  than  in 
the  June  quarter.  The  unfilled  orders  on 
the  books  Sept.  30  were  3,158,106  tons, 
against  4,257,794  tons  on  June  30,  and 
4,796,833  tons  on  Sept.  30  last  year. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore — Shipments  of 
Lake  Superior  iron  ore  in  September 
were  6,273,832  tons,  or  690,549  tons  less 
than  in  August.  The  Steel  Corporation 
has  released  most  of  its  chartered  boats, 
which  points  to  a  still  smaller  movement 
in  October.  For  the  season  to  Oct.  1  the 
totals  are  reported  by  the  Cleveland  Iron 
Trade  Review,  as  below,  in  long  tons: 


Port. 

Escanaba 

Marquette 

Ashland 

Sup'-rior 

Dilliith 

Two  Harbors 


1909. 
4.002,796 
1.979.517 
2,4'2'2,0(I4 
■l.74:i,49H 
9,H47.177 
6.6UM1 


1910. 

3.868,072  D. 

2,689,219  I. 

a,436,829  I. 

6,484,352  I. 

11,865,652  I. 

6,756.840  I. 


Changes. 

134,724 

709.702 

1,014,825 

1,740.8.54 

2,018,375 

112.299 


Total 29,639,533     35.100,864    I.    5,461,331 

Receipts  of  Minnesota  ore  at  Duluth, 
Superior  and  Two  Harbors  for  the  sea- 
son to  Oct.  1  were:  Duluth,  Missabe  & 
Northern,  11,865,552;  Duluth  &  Iron 
Range,  6,757,843;  Great  Northern,  6,721,- 
135;  total,  2,=;,344,530  tons,  an  increase 
of  2,293,724  tons  over  last  year. 


Baltimore 

Oct.  24 — E.xports  for  the  week  includ- 
ed 2,124,645  lb.  steel  structural  work, 
bars,  etc.,  to  Panama.  Imports  included 
2363  tons  ferromanganese  from  Liver- 
pool; 1931  tons  spiegeleisen  and  2300 
tons  ferromanganese  from  Rotterdam; 
6300  tons  manganese  ore  from  Viziga- 
patam,  India;  19,100  tons  iron  ore 
from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Oct.  24 — The  Southern  pig-iron  market 
continues  quiet.  There  is,  however,  no 
anxiety  expressed  by  the  manufacturers 
in  this  part  of  the  country  to  sell  iron 
for  delivery  during  the  first  half  of  the 
coming  year.  At  the  present  maximum 
price,  $11.50  per  ton.  No.  2  foundry, 
there  is  willingness  apparent  to  sell  into 
the  first  quarter  of  1911  but  beyond  that 
period  hesitation  is  noted.  There  are  a 
few  sales  of  iron  still  being  made  for  de- 
livery this  year  but  these  sales  are  in  car 
lots.  The  aggregate  business  is  about  the 
same  as  the  make;  there  is  a  little  reduc- 
tion, too,  of  accumulated  stocks  of  iron. 
The  make  has  been  reduced  a  little.  Two 
furnaces  have  blown  out  during  this 
month  with  one  going  into  blast.  Out  of 
seven  furnaces  in  blast  with  the  Tennes- 
see company,  all  but  one  are  manufactur- 
ing basic  iron.  The  greater  portion  of 
this  is  being  used  in  the  steel  plant  of  the 
company.  The  cast-iron  pipe  industry  in 
the  Southern  territory  holds  up  well.  The 
steel  situation  looks  a  little  brighter, 
l-'oundries  and  machine  shops  apparently 


have  a  little  business  in  hand  and  more 
in  sight. 

Soutliern  Iron  and  Steel  Merger — Lit- 
tle credence  is  placed  in  rumors  that  have 
prevailed  for  some  days  that  several 
Southern  iron-  and  steel-producing  com- 
panies, coal-mining  companies  and  cast- 
iron  pipe  makers  are  figuring  on  a  con- 
solidation. The  names  of  the  Sloss- 
Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Company,  the 
\X''oodward  Iron  Company,  the  Southern 
Iron  and  Steel  Company,  the  Alabama 
Consolidated  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  the 
Birmingham  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  the 
Pratt  Consolidated  Coal  Company  and  the 
cast-iron  pipe  companies  at  North  Birm- 
ingham were  mentioned.  It  is  reported  that 
C.  A.  Grensfeld,  of  London,  one  of  the 
directors  in  the  Southern  Iron  and  Steel 
company,  now  in  New  York,  has  the 
scheme  in  hand.  President  J.  C.  Maben, 
of  the  Sloss-Sheffleld  Steel  and  Iron 
Company,  and  officials  of  other  companies 
mentioned  have  given  the  reports  general 
denial  but  still  the  talk  continues. 


Chicago 

Oct.  24 — In  general,  the  iron  market 
is  firm  with  no  decided  changes  anywhere 
apparent  or  impending.  Sales  of  pig 
iron  are  rather  numerous,  but  few  are 
for  large  tonnage,  as  regards  foundry 
iron,  and  are  mostly  for  deliveries  in  the 
first  quarter;  for  first-half  requirements 
sale  here  and  there  is  made.  Prices 
remain  as  last  week  on  No.  2  foundry — 
$lir,/ 11.50,  Birmingham,  or  S15.35r?T 
15.85  for  Southern,  and  S16rr(  16.50  for 
Northern.  For  first-half  deliveries  25(ii 
50c.  over  these  quotations  is  demanded. 
Many  inquiries  for  first-half  require- 
ments are  being  received  by  selling 
agents  and  much  tonnage  remains  to  be 
contracted  for  to  meet  first-quarter  re- 
quirements. .Most  melters  yet  adhere  to 
the  cautious  policy  of  buying  in  small 
lots   and   often. 

Iron  and  steel  products  are  not  quite  so 
active,  but  the  market  remains  firm. 
Coke  is  fairly  active,  in  good  supply,  and 
firm  at  $4.90  for  the  best  ConnellsviUe. 

Philadelphia 

Oct.  26 — It  is  known  that  most  of  the 
consumers  who  usually  buy  pig  iron  in 
this  territory  have  next  to  no  iron  on 
hand.  Makers  here  are  commenting  on 
this  fact  and  believe  that  it  warrants  theiu 
in  the  belief  they  entertain  that  an  ac- 
tive buying  movement  must  set, in  before 
the  holidays.  One  buyer  has  purchased 
a  large  lot  from  a  western  furnace  and 
two  or  three  orders  are  in  process  of  be- 
ing placed  this  or  next  week  with  south- 
ern furnaces.  Makers  have  refused  to 
follow  any  farther  the  downward  ten- 
dency in  prices  and  no  sales  are  known 
of  at  less  than  figures  heretofore  quoted. 
Offers  of  Southern  iron  are  heard  of  fre- 
quently but  no  sales  of  moment  have  been 
traced  up.     The  eastern  States  offer  more 


encouragement  for  early  sales  than  our 
home  market.  No.  2  X  foundry  is  quoted 
at  $16;  forge  is  $14.50  which  included 
two  or  three  lots  of  southern  forge.  Basic 
at  $15  is  quiet. 

Steel  Billets — Billets  have  been  shaded 
50c.,  at  which  moderate  sales  were  made, 
mostly  for  early  delivery.  The  low  fig- 
ures have  developed  inquiries  which  sel- 
lers report  result  in  considerable  ordering, 
especially  in  forging  billets.  i 

Bars — All  local  agencies  report  a  pro-       ■ 
nounced  improvement  in  retail  selling  at 
full  prices,  except  for  ordinary  which  has 
been  sold  at  a  slight  shading  from  quo- 
tations. J 

Sheets — Options  have  been  taken  up  on      i 
offers  made  a  month  ago  and  longer  on 
sheet  which  has  brought  a  fair  business 
to  the  mills. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — The  larger  concerns 
using  tubes  are  sending  in  specifications 
for  supplies  on  orders  placed  early  in 
the  summer.  The  retail  distribution  of 
tubes  is  reported  as  more  active. 

Plates — There  has  been  a  good  deal  of 
see-sawing  between  manufacturers  and 
buyers  over  prices  but  there  has  been  no 
shading  in  this  territory. 

Structural  Material — Nothing  outside  of 
orders  for  material  for  building  construc- 
tion and  a  share  in  some  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  lettings  have  been  reported  this 
week. 

Scrap — Buyers  are  picking  up  small 
lots  of  choice  scrap  for  immediate  needs 
and  holders  report  no  business  for  future 
delivery. 


Pittsburg 

Oct.  25 — Some  interests  in  the  trade 
report  an  improvement  in  sentiment  in 
the  market  in  the  past  week  or  two,  but 
the  same  statements  have  been  made 
with  considerable  regularity  in  the  past 
few  months  and  have  not  been  borne  out 
by  subsequent   events. 

As  to  actual  transactions,  the  market 
is  quiet  in  practically  all  finished  steel 
products  with  the  exception  of  wire  and 
sheets.  Sales  of  wire  products  are 
heavy,  and  so  are  shipments,  the  sales 
running  a  little  ahead  so  that  mills  are 
well  filled  up,  and  a  few  producers  are 
even  falling  behind  in  shipments,  one 
independent  interest  reporting  that  it  has 
become  two  weeks  behind.  In  sheets 
the  heavy  buying  does  not  completely 
fill  up  the  miHs,  but  this  is  on  account 
of  the  large  increases  in  capacity  which 
have  been  made  steadily  in  the  past  few 
years. 

Outside  of  wire  and  sheets  there  is 
only  moderate  activity.  Merchant  pipe 
and  merchant  bars  are  doing  fairly  well. 
Rails,  plates  and  shapes  are  extremely 
quiet.  There  is  talk  of  rail  negotiations 
for  next  year,  but  it  is  extremely  doubt- 
ful whether  the  railroads  will  do  any 
buying,    even    of    rails,    until    the    rate 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


887 


matter  is  settled,  and  that  will  not  be 
before  February.  In  these  lines  the 
mills  are  gradually  running  out  of  busi- 
ness, and  production  is  decreasing.  Thus 
the  Steel  Corporation  is  operating  only 
66  per  cent,  of  its  blast-furnace  capacity, 
and  at  least  one  large  independent  steel 
interest  has  begun  piling  some  pig  iron, 
while  another  has  stopped  shipments  on 
some  outside  pig  iron  it  was  taking  in. 

Pig  Iron — The  Follansbee  Brothers 
Company  has  bought  3000  tons  of  basic 
iron  for  November  and  December  delivery 
at  Follansbee,  W.  Va.,  paying  less  than 
S13.75,  delivered,  which  was  the  very 
low  price  done  on  its  purchase  some 
time  ago.  The  iron  comes  from  a  fur- 
nace very  near,  with  only  20c.  freight, 
the  next  nearest  furnace  having  a  60c. 
freight,  while  the  Valleys,  with  which 
the  seller  was  presumably  in  competi- 
tion, have  a  95c.  rate,  so  that  Valley  iron 
would  have  brought  considerably  less 
than  S12.75  to  take  the  business.  How- 
ever, a  sale  of  1000  tons  of  Valley  iron 
is  reported  at  S13,  Valley,  and  this  quo- 
tation may  be  continued  for  the  present 
as  representing  the  market.  Bessemer 
iron  remains  quotable  at  S15,  Valley,  but 
there  have  been  no  important  sales. 
There  is  an  inquiry  for  1500  tons  for 
flr3t  quarter  for  a  steel-casting  concern. 
Malleable  iron  is  quotable  lower,  at 
SliSO.  Valley,  for  prompt.  Altogether 
the  pig-iron  market  shows  no  recupera- 
tive po.ver  whatever. 

Ferromanganesc — The  market  con- 
tinues quiet  and  soft,  being  quotable  at 
about  S38.50,  Baltimore,  with  $1.95 
freight  to  Pittsburg. 

Steel — There  have  been  more  offer- 
ings than  purchasers  and  the  market  is 
roundly  quotable  at  50c.  lower  on  billets 
and  sheet  bars,  while  rods  remain  firm, 
■^e  quote,  Pittsburg  or  Youngstown:  Bes- 
semer billets,  S23.50;  sheet  bars,  S24.50 
''(25;  open-hearth  billets,  $24.50r,;25; 
sheet  bars,  S25ft(  25.50;  rods,  S28.50^/ 
29  per  ton. 

Sheets — Demand  is  good,  as  noted,  but 
is  not  up  to  capacity,  hence  prices  show 
no  recovery.  Regudar  prices  remain  at 
2.20c.  for  black,  3.20c.  for  galvanized, 
1.65c.  for  blue  annealed,  ,S1.60  for  paint- 
ed corrugated  and  S2.80  for  galvanized 
corrugated,  but  these  prices,  as  formerly, 
are  shaded  on  occasion  by  SI  a  ton  on 
flat  sheetb  and  5c.  per  square  on  cor- 
rugated. 


St.  Louis 

Oct.  24 — The   market   for  pig   imn   in 

past  week  has  slightly  improved.    A  nice 

tonnage    has    been    sold,    though    mostly 

split  up   into   small    lots.     Owing   to   the 

I  fact  that  business  has  been  so  light  with 
no  change  to  afTect  prices,  producing  com- 
panies have   decided   to  accept   business 

I  for  the  first  quarter  of  next  year  at  the 
present  prices  and  have  issued  quota- 
tions  to   that   effect.     This    has   created 


some  interest  and  there  are  a  number  of 
buyers  in  the  market  for  first-quarter  de- 
livery. The  current  price  is  SI  1.50  Bir- 
mingham or  SI5.25  St.  Louis  for  No.  2 
found  rv. 


g  I  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE  fr 


French  Iron  and  Steel — The  make  of 
pig  iron  in  France  for  the  half-year  ended 
June  30  was:  Foundry,  371,576;  forge, 
259,767;  bessemer,  48,837;  basic,  1,240,- 
171;  spiegeleisen,  ferromanganesc,  etc., 
27,485;  total,  1.947,836  metric  tons.  This 
is  an  increase  of  181,552  tons  over  the 
first'  half  of  1909.  The  production  of 
steel  was:  Acid  converter,  58,124;  basic 
converter,  1,033,479;  cpsn-hearth,  564,- 
774;  crucible  and  electric,  15,514;  total 
ingots,  1,671,891  metric  tons.  This  is  an 
increase  of  186,345  tons  over  last  year. 


ill  METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


Neiv  York,  Oct.  26 — The  metal  mar- 
kets generally  show  some  improvement 
and  a  rather  stronger  tone,  with  larger 
transactions. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 

UNITED     STATES     OlII.D     AXD     .SILVKU     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

Sept.  1010.. 

$1,822,476 

$  3,481,718 

Imp,$  1,659,242 

"      1009.. 

7,.'i4(l,«2 

2,351,168 

Exp.      5.196,284 

Year  1010.. 

5,5,;)18  081 

45,071,504 

9,346,677 

■•      1000.. 

97,272,834 

31,105,303 

66,167,441 

Silv.r: 

Sept.  1010.. 

4,8:i0,34f. 

3,152,117 

Exp.      1,678,220 

■■      1000., 

4.386,-|H2 

3,201.307 

1,124,136 

Year  loio.. 

ll,7li4.74:! 

32.067,887 

8.70l>,866 

••     1009.. 

43.289,11(; 

33,240,530 

10.048,686 

Kxpnrts  from  the  jjort  of  New  Yorl;,  week 
enil.'il  Oet.  T2 :  Cold,  .flioO :  silver,  $4!>8,777, 
chieilv  to  London  and  I'aris.  Imports  :  ({old, 
.fl4;i,:{7.S:  silver.  .•);,S4.4.S7.  botli  from  Sontli 
.\meriea    and    .\nslralia. 

Gold — There  was  some  demand  on  the 
open  market  in  London,  and  the  Bank  of 
England  took  all  the  supplies  arriving. 
Early  in  the  week  77s.  9'iid.  was  paid; 
but  later  the  price  receded  to  77s.  9d. 
per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for 
American  coin. 

Platinum — The  market  is  strong  on  the 
recent  advance,  and  business  remains 
good.  Prices  are  unchanged,  dealers 
asking  $38  per  oz.  for  refined  platinum, 
and  43(V/44  per  oz.  for  hard  metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  reports,  un- 
der date  of  Oct.  17,  that  a  large  increase 
of  prices  is  to  be  noted.  The  metal  is 
quoted  in  Ekaterinburg  at  8.10  rubles  per 
zolotnik — $30.46  per  oz. — against  7.50  a 
fortnight  and  7.70  rubles  a  week 
ago.  From  Ekaterinburg  it  is  reported  the 
demand  is  not  satisfied  on  the  whole.  The 
prices  are  for  crude  metal,  83  per  cent. 
The  metal  is  quoted  in  St.  Petersburg 
3l,000ra31,1.50  rubles  per  pood— $30.45 
per  oz.,  average. 

Silver — The  market  has  had  sotne  re- 
action, but  the  undertone  is  good,  and  the 
price   comparatively  steady. 


SII.VEK    AND    STBnUNG 

EXCHANGE 

Oct. 

20 

21 

22 

24 

25 

26 

New  York.... 

London  .... 

SterllUK  Ex.. 

56% 

26  >„ 

4.8065 

56% 
4.8670 

2<1A 
4.8070 

6GJi 

25j!; 

4.8670 

50  >i      50-4 

V,ri      26i:; 

4.8660  4.8660 

Xew  Yorli  qnoiatlons,  eents  per  ounce  tro.v, 
line  silver:  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterlini; 
silver,   0.025   fine. 

In  the  table  of  silver  prices  given  in 
the  Journal  of  Sept.  17,  the  dates  were 
printed  8,  9,  10,  11,  12,  14,  owing  to  an 
oversight  in  proofreading.  They  should 
have  been  8.  9,  10,  12,  13,  14,  Sept.  11 
being  Sunday.  The  error  was  one  readily 
seen,  but  one  query  having  been  received, 
this  correction  is  now  made.  The  quota- 
tion for  Sept.  12  was  52(s;  for  Sept.  13 
it  was  53  cents. 


Gold  production  of  the  Transvaal  in 
September  was  $13,371,400;  for  the  nine 
months  ended  Sept.  30  it  was  $115,097,- 
990,  an  increase  of  $2,522,008  over  last 
year. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

O 

u 

a. 

II 
c    . 

I   93 

ss 

.a 
S 

i 

it  si 

a.  2 

!^3 

.a 

mo 

20 

ffll2?ii 

12.60 
ffll2.7fl 

37?^ 

4.40 

4.25 
04.30 

6.57 
06.62 

6.42i 

05.47} 

21 

12?i 
ffll2% 

12.60 
012.70 

37 

4.40 

4.25 
04.30 

5.00 
06.66 

5.45 

05.50 

22 

ffll2'4 

12.60 
012.70 

37 

4.40 

4.2S 
01.80 

5  65 
05.70 

5.50 

05.55 

24 

)2,\ 

012^4 

12  60 
012.70 

36?, 

4.40 

4.25 
04.30 

6.70 
36 .  75 

5 .  .65 
06-60 

25 

12', 
ffll2J, 

12.60 
012.70 

35;,, 

4.40 

4.25 
04.3U 

5.75 
©5.80 

6.60 
(36  65 

20 

12', 
ffll2^. 

12.60 
012  70 

30  >4 

4.40 

4.25 
04.30 

6.80 
06.85 

5.65 

05.70 

Tile  New  Yoric  t|Uotalions  for  eloctroi.vtic 
coiiper  are  for  cnlies,  inRots  and  wlrel)ar.s, 
and  represent  llie  l)iilii  of  llu'  transaclions 
made  wilii  consumers,  basis  New  Yorii.  easii. 
'file  i)i-ic<'s  of  casiin;^  copper  and  of  eieclroi.vtic 
caliioiies  are  usuaii.v  ii.l'J.'ic.  iieiow  tiiat'  ot 
eieclroi.viic.  'I'iie  i|uotatlons  for  lead  repre- 
sent wiiolesaic  transactions  in  tlie  open  mar- 
l\et.  'i'tie  (piotations  on  speller  are  for 
ordinar.v  Western  iirands :  special  iirauds 
command    a    premium. 

Copper — After  disposing  of  large 
quantities  during  the  recent  heavy 
movement,  there  has  been  a  disposition 
to  hold  somewhat  higher  on  the  part  of 
the  large  selling  agents,  but  it  seems 
that  the  demand  both  here  and  in  Eu- 
rope has  been  satisfied  for  the  tiine  be- 
ing and  business  has  dwindled  to  small 
proportions.  The  close  is  fairly  steady 
at  \2y\  Cii  \27!{C.  for  Lake  copper,  and 
12.60rf(  I2.70c.  for  electroyltic  copper  in 
cakes,  wirebars  and  ingots.  Casting  cop- 
per is   quoted    nominally   at    \2^rii  12Ss. 

Copper  sheets  are  \80i  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  standard  market  fluctuated  within 
narrow   limits  throughout   the  week  and 


888 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


LONDON 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead, 
Span- 
ish. 

Zinc, 

O 

Spot. 

.■iMos 

Best 
Sel'td 

Spot. 

3Mos 

Ordi- 
naries. 

20 

563i 

575i 

61 

no 

166K 

13>4' 

24 

21 

57% 

sey. 

61^4 

169 

165% 

13>i 

23% 

2i 

57,1.' 

58  LJ 

61*4 

165>i 

164  3i 

13K 

23% 

25 

57 

38,'^ 

61 

163?i 

162,?i 

13A 

21 

2B 

57,', 

58  ■, 

61 

164  >i 

164?^,- 

13,», 

24 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  quota- 
tions on  London  Metal  Exchange.  All  prices 
are  in  pounds  sterling  per  tou  of  Ji;4(i  ID. 
Copper  quotations  are  for  standard  copper, 
spot  and  three  months  .and  for  best  se- 
lected price  for  the  latter  being  sub.)ect  to  3 
per  cent,  discount.  I'or  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  London  prices  in  pounds  sterling 
per  "•>40  lb.,  with  American  prices  in  ceuts 
per  pound  the  following  aijproxiinate  ratios 
are  "iven  •  £10  =  2.17  I'-'.c. :  £12  =  i.blc.  ; 
£23  =  5c!°    £60  =  13.04c.  %  £1  =    ±    U.21%c. 

closes  steady  at  £57  Is.  3d.  for  spot,  and 
£58  2s.  6d.   for  three   months. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  6049  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  no  exports 
from  Baltimore  for  the  week. 

Tin — The  London  market  experienced 
quite  a  serious  decline  of  spot  tin  during 
last  week.  Three  months  tin  was  more 
steady  and  has  been  selling  at  a  premium 
over  spot.  The  decline  is  attributed  to 
large  offerings  of  tin  afloat  on  the  part  of 
East  Indian  houses.  At  the  close,  the 
market  rallied  somewhat  from  the  low 
and  is  firm  at  £164  10s.  for  spot  and  £164 
7s.  6d.  for  three  months. 

Some  buying  is  reported  on  the  part  of 
consumers,  who  took  advantage  of  the 
decline.  Most  of  this  tin  was  furnished 
by  the  largest  consuming  interest  at 
very  satisfactory  figures  to  the  buyers. 
At  the  close  October-November  tin  is 
quoted  at  about  36^4  cents. 

Lead — The  market  is  unchanged  at 
4.40c.,  New  York,  and  4.25r(;  4.30c.,  St. 
Louis. 

The  activity  abroad  continues,  and  the 
close  is  firm  and  higher  at  £13  6s.  3d.  for 
Spanish  load,  and  £13  8s.  9d.  for  English 
lead. 

Spelter — The  market  started  upward 
when  some  of  the  largest  consuming  in- 
terests began  placing  heavy  contracts, 
which  were  made  chiefly  in  the  early  part 
of  the  week.  Consumers  have  begun  to 
realize  the  conditions  described  editorially 
in  our  last  issue,  and  under  a  heavy  de- 
mand, which  was  only  satisfied  sparingly, 
prices  advanced  from  day  to  day.  The 
total  volume  of  business  transacted  dur- 
ing the  week  was  large.  The  attitude  of 
the  producers  is  bullish,  and  while  some 
are  selling  freely  others  are  holding 
aloof,  expecting  a  further  advance.  The 
close  is  firm  at  5.65 ra  5.70c.,  St.  Louis, 
and  5.80(5/ 5.85c.,  New  York. 

The  high  point  established  in  London 
last  week  has  been  well  maintained. 
Offerings  are  scarce  and  prices  close  firm 


at  £24  for  good  ordinaries,  and  £24  5s. 
for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  has  been  ad- 
vanced 'Ac.  and  is  now  $7.75  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

Other  Metals 

Aluminum — Sales  continue  light  and 
the  market  is  dull.  The  quotations  re- 
main nominally  at  21!<(?'22c.  for  No.  I 
ingots,  New  York. 

Antimony — There  is  no  change  in  the 
market,  and  business  remains  on  a  retail 
basis.  Prices  are  nominally  unchanged 
at  8'4rt78}sC.  per  lb.  for  Cookson's;  7"s 
(ij  8c.  for  U.  S.,  and  7;.4(r(  7-}sc.  for  out- 
side brands. 

Quicksilver — Business  is  fair.  New 
York  quotations  are  $46  per  flask  of  75 
lb.  for  large  lots;  $47rf(48  for  jobbing 
orders.  San  Francisco,  $45.50  for 
domestic  orders  and  $2  less  for  export. 
The  London  price  is  £8  7s.  6d.  per  flask, 
with  £8  2s.  6d.  named  by  second  hands. 
Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
4017  45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
(li  10c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Spanish  Metal  Exports 

Exports  of  metals  and  minerals  from 
Spain,  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31,  re- 
ported by  Revista  Minera,  in  metric  tons: 

Metals.  1909.  1910.  Changes. 

Pig  and  mauut.  iron  40.319  34.311  D.  0.008 

Copper 12,818  12,696  D.  122 

Copper  precipitate..  il,192  10,302  D.  890 

Load 121,071  127,841  I.  6.770 

Zinc 853  1,100  I.  247 

Quick.'iilver 1,488  1,302  D.  186 

Minerals. 

Iron  ore 6,170.266  5,835,029  I.  664.773 

Manganese  ore 9,612  4.630  D.  4,982 

Copper  ore 763.876  675,738  D.  76.138 

Lead  ore 2,461  2,419  D.  42 

Zinc  ore 84,402  88,972  I.  4,670 

Pyrites,  iron 888,261  1,000.088  I.  111,837 

Salt 418.789  378,024  D.  40,765 

Imports  of  phosphate  of  lime,  47,400 
tons  in  1909,  and  85,035  in  1910;  super- 
phosphates and  basic  slag,  78,617  tons 
in  1909,  and  92,381  in  1910:  nitrate  of 
soda,  23,559  tons  in  1909  and  23,926 
this  year. 

Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Mark^'- 


The  zinc-ore  market  was  stronger  this 
week,  the  medium  and  lower  grades  be- 
ing $1  per  ton  higher,  but  the  high  grades 
remained  at  $44.50,  the  same  as  the  pre- 
vious week.  As  high  as  a  $45  base  was 
paid  at  Webb  City  for  zinc  ore  carrying 
from  5  to  7  per  cent,  of  iron.  The  ship- 
ment is  a  decrease  over  the  previous 
week  by  147  tons.  Lead  ore  was  weaker  m\ 
this  week,  $52  per  ton  being  the  high  J 
price  and  the  general  price  all  over  the 
district.  The  shipment  was  a  decrease  of 
1 13  tons  over  the  previous  week. 

SHIPMENTS,  WEEK  ENDED  OCT.  22. 


Zinc,  lb.  Lead  lb.    Value. 


Webb  City-Cartervllle 

Joplin 

Galena 

Alba-Neck 

Dueuweg 

Orouogt 

Miami 

Granby  

Rpurgeon 

Jjickson 

Sarcoxie 

Carthage 

Carl  Junction 

Quapaw 

Aurora 

Stott  City 


Totals  . 


3,664,740 
1,828,910 
808,460 
744,160 
601,210 
678,870 
361.730 
335.910 
299.750 
266,670 
312,980 
203.350 
197,880 
195,430 
128.040 
85.790 


475,820 
313,870 
80,370 


22,»'.10 


84.600 

18,100 

24,120 

6,610 


7,770 


10,613,870    1,034.250     $243,417 


43  weeks 47».»64,'.I40  69.551,660  $11,251,638 

Zinc  value,  the  week,  $216,.545;  43  weeks,  $9,6!)0,769 
Lead  value,  the  week,      26,872;    43  weeks,    1,800,879 


MONTHLY 

AVERAGE 

rniCES. 

ZINC  Obe. 

LEAD  Obe. 

Month. 

Base  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

$41.25 

36  '.14 

37  .  40 
38.63 
40. 06 
44.15 
43.06 
48.25 
47.70 
49.50 
51.31 
49.45 

$47.31 
10  69 
43  60 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39.63 
40.13 
43.45 

$38.46 
34.37 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.64 
44.87 
46.75 
48.29 
47.67 

$45.16 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
37.61 
37.83 
36.80 
37.32 
39.96 

$62.17 
60.. 50 
60.82 
55.63 
.56. 69 
67.62 
53.74 
57.60 
66.11 
55.02 
53.94 
65.26 

$56.99 
53.64 
51.26 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December. .. 

48.59 
49.75 
64.73 

Year 

$43.98 

$41.20 

$54.60 

Joplin,  Met.,  Oct  22 — The  highes;  price 
paid  for  zinc-sulphide  ore  this  w^ek  was 
$47,  the  base  SA20i  44.50  per  ton  of  50 
per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc-silicate  ore  sold  on 
a  base  of  .$22(f7  26  per  ton  of  40  per  cent, 
zinc.  The  average  price,  all  grades  of 
zinc  ore  was  $40.80.  The  highest  price 
paid  for  lead  ore  was  $52,  and  the  aver- 
age price,  all  grades,  was  $51.74  per  ton. 


NrtTE — T'nder  zinc  ore  the  (irst  two  col- 
umns give  base  prices  for  GO  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  :  the  second  two  the  average  for  all  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  average  for 
all    ores   sold. 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Oct.  22— The  base 
price  paid  this  week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  was  $43ra44;  no  premium  was  paid 
over  the  base.  The  base  price  paid  for 
80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  $52  per  ton. 

siiir:ME?;rs.  week  ended  oct.  22. 

„„„,„„  Zlno  Lead    Sulphur 

camps.  ^j.p^  1^,      j,^g_  ,j,_    („.p_  11). 

Mineral  Point 900.785       

Galena 701,310       

Benton 628,960       

Highland 622.900 

Platteville 683.000 

CllbaClty 259,476 

Barker 121,110 

Hazel  Green 

RIiull.Hburg 

Linden 


116,350 


50,000 
63,000 


4.32,608 


67,.')90 


Total 

Vnar  to  dato.... 


.  . .  3.717,630 
. .  87,089,614 


228.360        499.890 
i,230.384  21,6.(4,420 


Shipped   during   the   week   to   the  sep- 
aratino  plants,  2,873,366  lb.  zinc  ore. 


October  29,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   J0URN.4L 


889 


Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent, 
iron  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
$4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization  of 
sellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices  ex- 
ists, according  to  quantity  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  to  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  S3'V(3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
prosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess  of  phosphorus  and   silica. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  $6.50r;r7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
ite  ores,  50c. (ii  1.50  per  unit  less. 

Pyrites — Domestic  pyrites  are  quoted 
at  \  ] ' <  Ti  I2c.  per  unit  of  sulphur  at 
mines  for  furnace  sizes.  Spanish  pyrites, 
furnace  sizes,  are  12'r(12'jC.  per  unit, 
ex-ship.  Arsenical  pyrites  are  from  Vjfft 
I  " jc.  per  unit  less. 


CHEM ICALS 


New  York,  Oct.  26 — The  general  mar- 
ket shows  some  improvement  in  tone, 
but  the  gain   appears  slow   and   gradual. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  steady 
and  prices  unchanged  at  .S4  per  100  lb. 
for  carload  lots  and  $4.25  per  100  lb. 
for  smaller  orders. 

Arsenic — The  market  remains  fair,  and 
prices  are  unchanged,  ,S2.25^(2.50  per 
100  lb.  being  quoted  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  has  been  of 
moderate  proportions;  quotations  are  un- 
changed at  2.10'-a2.12':.c.  per  lb.  for  spot 
sales,  and  2. 1 2 '-'.  rr/ 2. 1 5c.  for  futures. 

Production  of  nitrate  in  Chile  and  ex- 
ports for  the  year  ended  ,Iune  30  are 
reported  as  below,  in  long  tons: 

Production.        Export.':. 

IJUJ-S 1,912,.304  1,8.^>2.«)6 

;S2"?;. l,8.^,:i.710  l.S2().:i67 

1909-10 2.4ni.!»2.3  2.310.(i:).S 

The  large  increase  in  1909-10  was  due 
to  the  termination  of  the  syndicate  agree- 
ment and  the  consequent  removal  of  all 
'restrictions   on   output. 

Sulphur — Messrs.  Parsons  &  Petit, 
[New  York,  agents  for  the  Sicilian  Sulphur 
'Combination,  report  that  shipments  of 
Sicilian  sulphur  for  the  eight  months  end- 
pd  A'g.  31  were  244,829  metric  tons  in 
;I909,  and  284,214  in  1910;  an  increase  of 
'59,385  tons.    The  shipments  to  the  United 


States  and  Canada  this  year  were  7261 
tons,  a  decrease  of  3103  tons.  Stocks  in 
Sicily  on  Aug.  31  were  597,005  tons,  a 
decrease  of  19,155  tons  from  Aug.  31 
last  year. 


Petroleum 

Advices  from  Europe  continue  to  show 
that  the  fight  between  the  Standard  Oil 
Company  and  its  foreign  competitors  is 
growing  more  active  as  time  goes  on.  The 
Standard  is  reported  to  be  cutting  prices 
on  refined  oil  in  several  European  coun- 
tries, and  at  the  same  time  offering  higher 
prices  to  producers  for  crude  oil  in 
Galicia  and  elsewhere.  Russian  producers 
do  not  appear  as  yet  to  be  taking  a 
decided  stand. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Oct.  26— The  bull  market 
on  the  Stock  Exchange  continued  during 
the  first  part  of  the  week,  but  later  there 
was  a  reaction  which  carried  down  quo- 
tations of  most  of  the  leading  stocks.  The 
rather  unfavorable  bank  statement  and 
the  action  of  the  Bank  of  England  in  rais- 
ing its  discount  rate  to  5  per  cent.,  both 
implying  dearer  money,  had  something  to 
do  with  the  reaction.  Amalgamated  Cop- 
per sold  otT  to  69 '_  and  Steel  common  to 
78 ',s.  Amalgamated  has  declared  its  us- 
ual quarterly  dividend  of  ]/•  per  cent. 

On  the  Curb  the  copper  stocks  were 
heavy  in  the  latter  part  of  the  week,  and 
closed  generally  at  a  decline.  This  was 
most  marked  in  Chino.  There  were  fair 
dealings  in  British  Columbia  Copper  and 
Ray  Consolidated.  The  Cobalt  silver 
stocks  were  active,  La  Rose  and  King  Ed- 
ward leading,  and  held  their  prices  pretty 
well.  The  Nevada  stocks  were  not  very 
active  and  showed  only  fractional 
changes. 

At  auction  sale  in  New  York,  Oct.  20, 
a  lot  of  1500  shares  Columbus  &  Hock- 
ing Coal  and  Iron  common  stock,  $100 
par,  brought  $4.50  per  share;  lot  includ- 
ing 375  shares  preferred  and  375  shares 
common  stock  Peach  Bottom  Slate  Man- 
ufacturing Company,  $100  par,  lumped 
with  250  shares  of  industrials,  brought 
$45  for  the  lot. 


offered  to  shareholders,  pro  rata  instead 
of  being  put  onto  the  open  market  as 
heretofore.  There  has  also  been  activity 
and  higher  prices  in  American  Zinc  and 
U.  S.  Coal   and   Oil. 

A  majority  of  the   latter  has  assented 
to  the   plan  of  being  taken   over  by  the 

CCJl'l'KU    I'KODl'CTION   KKI'OUTS. 

Ccpppr  contents  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


Company. 

July. 

August. 

Septem- 
ber. 

.A  naconda 

.\rizona.  Ltd 

2,910,000 
1,100,(KIO 
2,272,(K)(I 
8,771 ,735 
2,705,000 
4,.5oo,ono 
1 ,800,(XKI 

"800,666 

'l,958',fi;!7 
0,890,429 
2,000,000 
2,207,(KH) 
2,224,0(XI 
8,(;77,0(Hl 
23,750,000 
19,000,000 

2,620,666 

22,200,000 
2,672,0(XI 
nil 

B.'leo  (Muxico) 

Copper  Quoen 

Calumet  &  Ariz.. .. 
Cananea  (M(^xIco).. 
Detn-u 

2,039,520 
7,796,559 
2,560,000 
3,526,IM10 
2,1IM),IX)0 

400,(')66 

1,630,264 
5,8IKI,0(XI 
2,693,000 

2,061 ,31K) 
6,903,759 
2,.^i35,0011 
3,.'it'.."i.niiu 

2  I'.'S  IHIO 

Eiist  liutte 

Inip'Tlal 

625,840 

-Mainmoth 

Mo.te/iitna  (Mex.). 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Ui>niinlnn 

2,211.435 

5.270,0110 

2,2r,j,ouo 

Superior  &  Pitts.... 

t'tah  Copper  Co 

Butto  UKstrtct 

2,.520.0(X) 

7.440,035 

23.750.000 

18,800,000 

2,125,000 
7,077,035 

Lake  Superl<ir 

16,700,1X10 

Tol.a)  proilnction. 
Imports,  bars,  etc.. 

90,804,411 
17,7U,0;M 

85.221,318 
13,324,788 

79.747,369 

Total  blister 

108,518,445 
6.458,637 

98,546.100 
5,16(i,204 

Deduct  (;an.  &  iloc. 

Not  blister  rep. . . 

102,059.808 
6.637,836 

93,389,902 
13.031,254 

Imp.  in  oro  &  matte 



Total 

108,697,644 

106,421,156 

liutte  dislrict  and  I.nltp  SnptM-ior  tigures  are 
estimated  ;  others  are  reports  received  from 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  productiim  of 
Ciinanea.  aud  that  part  ot  Copper  (Jueen  pro- 
duction whicli  comes  from  Xaco/.ari.  Roleo 
copper  does  not  come  to  American  retiners. 
rtah  Copper  repiu-t  includes  the  output  of 
llie  Koston  mill.  Itutte  district  production  for 
Seiitember  is  fjiven  under  Anaconda  ami  Kast 
Hulte. 


.STATISTICS   OF  CniTKIt. 


Boston,  Oct.  25 — Moderate  reactions 
have  followed  in  copper  shares  and  the 
market  is  in  a  healthy  condition.  Yet, 
withal,  it  is  not  what  it  should  be  with 
the  improved  outside  conditions.  Boston 
lacks  leadership  in  the  matter  of  price 
making.  Brokers,  however,  report  fair 
sized  buying  orders  in  hand  just  under 
the  market  which  serve  as  a  prop.  There 
has  been  a  fair  outside  demand  for  the 
better  class  of  coppers,  although  some  of 
the    lesser    ones    have     had     substantial 

gains,  such  as  Atlantic  and  Mass  mining.  i'i«nips  are  'n  pouu.is  of  line  copper,     r.  S. 

^  production    Includes  all   cripper   rellned   in   this 

Lake     Copper     stock     strengthened     on  counliy.    both    from    domestic    and    imported 

l-r,n„.ia^»«     .!,„•     tu„     „_    II                   •        i>  material.       Visible    stocks    are    those    reported 

knowledge     that     the     small     amount     of  ..n    the    lirst    day    of   earti    month,    as   brought 

treasury    stock     when     it    is    sold     will    be       "vr   from    tlle   preceding   month. ^ 


Month. 

United 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Ex  port. 

X. 1909 

XI 

124.1K7.709 
121,618.369 
117.828.665 

66.359,617 
66,857,873 
69,519„501 

56,261.238 
55,266,595 
59,546,670 

XII     

Year 

1,405,403,056 

705,051  ,.591 

680.942,620 

1, 1910 

110,547,287 
112,712,493 
120,067,467 
117,477,639 
123,242.476 
127.219.188 
118.370.003 
127.803,618 
119,510,983 

78.158,387 
66.618,322 
62,844.818 
67.985.951 
59..305.222 
53.363.  I9r, 
5C>.708.I75 
67.731.271 
64..501,018 

81,ti91,67a 
37,369,618 
40,585,767 

II 

Ill 

IV 

V 

45,405,400 
65,895,948 
.59,407,167 
61,831,780 
75,106,496 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

VISIBLE   STOCKS. 

United 
states. 

Europe. 

Total. 

X.1909 

XI 

XII 

I,  1910 

11 

Ill 

151.472.772 
153..5U9,62(i 
153.003,527 
111,766,111 
98,463.339 
107.187,992 
123,824,874 
141,984.1.59 
160.425.973 
168.386.017 
170.640.678 
li;8.881.245 
148.793,714 

210,224.1HX) 
222.566.400 
236.857.6(«) 
244,204.800 
248.236.800 
2.54.1.50.4(MJ 
249,625.61H) 
246,870,400 
239.142.400 
232.892.800 
222.320.000 
218.444,800 
211.276,800 

361.696,772 
376,076,026 
389.K61.127 
385.970.911 
;M6.7i«i.139 

IV 

373,450.474 
388  854  559 

V 

VI 

399.568.373 
401,2-8,K17 
39*  9i;u  I17K 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X                ...  . 

387,326,045 
31W,()70,514 

890 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


October  29,  1910. 


Island  Creek  Company  and  both  the 
common  and  preferred  shares  of  this 
company  will  shortly  be  listed  on  the 
Stock   Exchange. 

North  Butte  shareholders  were  given 
a  detailed  account  of  underground  work- 
ings for  the  last  quarter  with  recent 
dividend  checks.  U.  S.  Smelting  is  also 
in  a  better  market  position.  The  pool 
formed  some  time  ago  has  been  dis- 
solved and  members  took  up  the  stock 
which  was  quite  a  bit  above  the  present 
market  price  of  the  stock. 

The  Curb  has  shown  several  strong 
features.  Chino  has  made  a  record 
price;  Inspiration  and  Arizona-Cananea 
have  also  been  active  features.  Cala- 
veras has  turned  heavy.  Cactus  has 
proved  disappointing  with  a  low  record 
price  of  30c.  per  share. 


Assessi»ieiil 


Compauy. 


DelliKi.     Sale.    I  Amt. 


Aurora-Sampson.  Ida 

Big  Cottonwood  Con..  Utah. 
Bonanza  Mt.  Copper,  Ida. . . 

Colusa,  Ida  

Copper  Queen  M.  k  M.,  Ida.  i 

Crown  Point.  Nev 

Dalmatia,  Ida 

Gold  Springs,  Utah ; 

Hypotheek,  Ida 

Ida.  Belcher  M.  &  M..  Ida. 

Ida;  copper  M.  Ltd..  Ida 

Lucky  Boy  M.  &  C,  Ida 

National  O.  M 

Overman.  Nev 

Powhatan  M.  Co.,  Ida  — 

Eelndeer  c.  &  G.,  Ida 

Saltese  Con..  Ida 

Silver  Mt.,  Ida 

Silver  Rook,  Ida  

Tarboi  M.  Co.,  Ida 

Temple.  Ida 

Tlntlc  Central,  Utah 

Wilbur  Min.  Co.,  Ida 


0  01)2 
0  (102 
0.005 


•Oue-balf   mill. 


.Monthly  .^vernpre   Prices  of  Metals 

SI  1, VF.lt 


New  York. 

London. 

Month. 

UKW.     I'.IKI. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

.il  7.'i0.i-2  :i-5':2:!.a43 

24  1.54 

February 

.il   472  .')1   .i;)4|2;!  7(l(l'2H  7W 

March 

.^i0.4C8  r.l   4.i4i2H.227i2:t  |-.'.» 

April 

.-ii  42,s  r.;!  -221  2:f.7(is:24.4H:) 

May 

.V2  '.HI5  r>:l  m7{)  24.H4;i!24.7<,17 

June 

.V2  n-M  .in  4t;2  24.ir.(;  24.0.51 

July 

.il.(i4;t  .54,1.50 2:i.. 5111:2.5  0:14 

August  

51.12,5  52.012  2;f.5KK 

24  42S 

51.440  63. 295  23. 74:i 

24. 507 

60  923 

23. 502 

November 

.50.703! 

23.351 

December 

52.2261 

24.030 

Total 

.51.602' 

23.706 

,'    York,    <-t'nls    per    (inn 
ppr    staiulnrd    nnnre. 


I,ondr)n. 


COl'I 

EU. 

NEW  TOBK. 

London. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

19(X). 

1910. 

January 

13.H93 

13.620 

14.280  13  870 

01 . 198 

00,923 

Febriiary. . . . 

12.949 

13  332 

13  296  13  719 

67  088 

69,:t88 

Marcli 

I2.:i«7 

13  255  12,K20  13  .5S0 

.50.231 

.59,214 

April 

12.5111 

12. 7:1:1  12.9:11 

13  091 

57 ,  3i;;i 

.57.238 

May 

12,KI3 

12  550  13.2;tH 

12,885 

.59.:)38 

.50.313 

13,214 

12.404  13.648 

12.798 

.59.027 

55.310 

July 

12  HHl) 

12. 215,13. ;|03 

12.570 

58.. 5.50 

.54.194 

13  0117 

12.490 

13.290 

12.715 

.59 .  :t9:l 

55.733 

September  . . 

12.K70 

12.379 

13.210 

12.608 

69.021 

65.207 

October 

12.700 

13.030 

.57. 551 

November. . . 

13. 125 

13.:),54 

68.917 

December. . . 

13,29H 

13.047 

.59.906 

Year 

12,982 

13.335 

68.732 

TIN 

AT    NEW    YORK 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Mouth. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28.1100 
28  2911 
28  727 
29.445 
29.225 
29.322 

:f2 .  700 
32 . 920 
3-2. mi 
;k.976 
33,125 
:V2  709 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

29  12.5  32  095 
29  900  3:^,972 
:tO  293i34   982 

30.475  

:)0,8.59 

:)2 ,  913 

Av  Year.. 

29,725  ,..:.. 

SAN  B'RANCISCU. 


Trie 


are   iu   ceuti^   per  pouiul. 


I.KAD 


New  York,  cents  per  pound.  Kleetrolytic  Is 
for  cakes,  Ingots  or  wlreliara.  London,  pounds 
alerllni;.    per   hmi;   ton,   stnndiird   copper. 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Lo^jS. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February.. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

4.175 
4.01s 

3  980 
4.108 
4.287 
4.:J50 
4 .  321 
4 ,  303 
4,342 
4,341 
4.370 
4. 5011 

4,700 
4,013 
4,459 
4,:)70 
4  315 
4 .  343 
4,404 
4.400 
4.400 

4,026 
3.808 
3.s;!5 
4.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4.188 
4,227 
4,215 
1.215 
4.252 
4.459 

4 .  582 
4.445 
l.:liJ7 
4 .  22.5 
4.104 
4.207 
4.291 
4.290 
4.289 

13  113 
13   313 

l;l  4;!s 

13   297 
1 3 , 225 
1:)   1«I 

12  50:t 
12,475 
12.781 
13,175 
13,047 

13  125 

13  050 
13  32S 
13  1103 
12  041 
12   .5,5(1 

12  i;.s8 

12   531 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November. .. 
December... 

12  513 
12  582 

Year 

4,273 

4.153 

13 ,  049 

New   York   and   St.    Louis,   cents   per   pound. 
Loudon,   pounds  sterlinL;'  per   Ions   ton.  


Sl'El.TEll 


Mouth. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

19U9. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

0.101 

4.991 

6.961 

21  425 

23  350 

February 

4.889 

5  569 

4.739 

5.419 

21    .5r.2 

March 

4.757 

5.o:i7 

4.607 

5.487 

21    4:  is 

2;;  1131 

4.905 

5.4:19 

4.816 

5.289 

21  5:il 

22  409 

May 

5.124 

5.191 

4.974 

5.041 

21    9i.> 

22   mil 

5.402 

6.128 

5.252 

4.978 

22  nun 

22,1194 

July 

5.402 

5.1.52 

5.262 

6.002 

21,909 

22   40l> 

5 .  729 

5.279 

5.579 

5.129 

22,125 

22 , 800 

September  . . 

5.790 

5.514 

5.646 

5.364 

22,«)00 

23  105 

October 

6.199 

6.043 

23,200 

November... 

6.381 

6.231 

23,188 

December . . . 

6.249 

6.099 

23,094 

Year 

5  503 

5.352 

22  201 

New   York   and    St.    Louis,   cents   per  pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 

PRICKS   OF   I'Ki    IRON   AT   riTTSBfllC. 


January 

February.. , 

March 

.\pril 

May 

June 

July 

.\uguat 

September 
October..  ., 
November. 
December. 

Year 


Bessemer. 


1909. 


1910.     1909.     1910.     1909.     1910, 


S17  I.H'SIO  90*16.40 
10 
16 
16 
15 
16. 
16 
17 
IS 
19 
19 
19 


IS  90 
is  .53' 
18.281 
17.10 
16.52 
16.40 
16,09 
15.92 


$17.46 $16.46 


10.09 
15.84 
15.06 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
10.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 


$17.98$16.26 
17.21    15.90 


No.  2 
Foundry. 


16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
16 ,  60 
16.40 
14.89 
14.73' 


15.62 
15  06 
16 

15.63 
15.96 
10.20 
17.03 
i  18,02 
18,09 
17,90 


.!$16.40 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS   Oct.  25 


Name  of  Comp.      Bid 


Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con. 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

Flndlay 

Gold  Dollar 

Gold  Sovereign. . 

Isabella    

Jennie  Semple  . . 

Lexington 

Moon  Anchor 

Old  Gold 

Mary  McKinnoy. 

■  Pharmacist 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work 


.05i 

.09J 

.73| 

.86 

t.051 

t07! 

tM 
.03) 
19 
.10} 
.01,1 
.03 

t.04i 

;.6o 

.02* 

1.14 

.91 

.04 


SALT  LAKE 


Oct.  25 


Name  of  Comp.     Bid. 


ri5 


Bingham  Copper. 

Carisa ■:. . . 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus  Con... 

Daly  Judge 

Grand  Central 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  Bell 

Little  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth. 

Mason  Valley 

Ma].   MitM*s 

May  Day 

Nevada  Hills 

New  York 

Prince  Con 

Silver  King  Ooal'n 

Sioux  Con 

(Tiicle  Sam 

Victoria 


Name  of  Comp. 

COHSTOCK  STOCKS 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  k  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross. , 

Mt^-xicau 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi  

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada.... 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket.,.. 


Clg. 


J. 10 
.60 
.37 
.20 
.16 
.09 
.70 

1  021 

,20 

1.02J 

.42 

1.17 

.35 

J  40 

.16 

.21 

.30 

.55 


Misc.  Net.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Daisy 


Name  of  Comp.    |  Bid. 


Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con , . 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka 
So.  Eureka 


4  45 

.03 

29 

.29 

.20 

06 

.55 

.11 

.08 

.13 

.31 

.31 

.05 

.03 

.06 

tl6 

.02 

tl.OO 

Jl.  45 

Jo  75 


N.  Y.  EXCH. 


Oct.  25 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated 

Am.  .\gri.  Chem.. 
.\m.Sm.iRef.,coin 
Am.Sm.  iRet,,pt. 

Anaconda , 

BethlebemSteel  pf 
Col.  &Hock.C.  &  I. 
Federal  M.  &  S. . . 

G'd'lH.-ld  Con 

(xT'^ai  Nor.,orectf, 

Honu'Stake 

Nat'nalLead,com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  t:onsol 

Pittsburg  Coal — 
Republic  I&S,com. 
Republic  I  &S,  pf. 
SlossShefli'd,com. 
Sloss  Sheflield.  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com,.. 

D.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


clg. 

68  JS 

111, 
1053i 
41 H 

6 
45 

160 
i86^ 
t623i 
1103 

21 

20 

34  Ji 

97 

51 
{116 

36 'i 

49  5i 

771,' 
119?i 

65 


HUSTON  EXCH.    Oct.  25 


Name  of  comp. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Oct.  26 


Name  of  Comp. 


:13 
31 
25 
10 

M'i 
,22 
.10* 
.60 
.53 
.061 
;.42j 
13 
87 
96 
2«S 
4ll 
075 


Ariz.-Cananea .... 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  c:reek, . . 
Bradcn  Copper, .. 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buttalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition, . . 

caieiituiia 

Calumet  i  Mont.. 
Canadian  Klines.. 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central 

Con.  .\riz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop. . . . 

Ely  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Glrotis 

Greene  Cananea,. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rr>se 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 
Miami  Copper.... 
Mines  Co.  of  .\m., 
Mont.  Shoshone. . 
Mont.-Ttuiopah. . . 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 
NIpissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper  

Pacific  Sm.  &  M.. 
Precious  Metals.. 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  t)il 

Stewart 

Tiuiopah 

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-Bulllim 

Tularosa 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


4K. 

+  16 

13 

4 

7 
12  « 
19  H 

''•1 

lA 

20% 

•  28>i 
35^1 
2 

1%\ 
7  A 

IX 
198 
65« 
4i8 
1.16 
19« 
6 
1.14 
92 
lA 
11. S' 

lis 

I5i 
20(<! 

13i! 
1600 

8Hi 
1.04 
K 


LONDON 
Name  of  Com. 

Dolores. . . . 
Stratton'sind 

Camp  Bird 

Esperauza.... 

Tomboy 

EI  Oro 

Orovllle 

Mexico  Mines 


Oct.  26 


Clg, 


£1 103    od 

0  3      3 

1  11 

2  0 
018 
1  G 
0  7 
7  12 


1) 

3 
0 


Advf^nture , 

Alginnah 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

I  Arcadian | 

I  Arizona  Com 

lAtlautic j 

iBonanza 

B"stnn  &  Corbin. . 
Buttp  &  Balak...., 
Calnmet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Heela. 

|Ceiiienuial 

Con.  Mereur 

I  Copper  Range 

Daly-"Wost 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Imliana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

OJibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceula 

I  Parrot 

!Quincy 

[Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  B()St. . 
Superior  &  Pitta.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

D.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf.. 

I  Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

IWyandot 


^-Ig. 

11  Ji 

11^ 
to^ 
17X 

.  -^^ 

\..m 
ir.Ti 

m 

558 
•ilK 

S^ 
11 J4 
34 
264 

2 

22 

t»X 
38 

WH 

9 

5 
51 
21 « 
32  5< 

»H 

8 
41« 

i:)o 

114 
76X 
12  >« 

13',- 

160 
0 
40X 
49 
14 
24 
♦3 
JlOiJ 
1131 
15* 


BOSTON  CURB    Oct.  28 
Name  x>t  Comp.     Last. 


Ahmeek 

IBingham  Mines. 

jBtiston  Ely 

Boswyoci.)lo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Ciuis 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve.. . 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine  .(:  Ex. 
Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneci^ 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

Snn  .\nIonlo 

Slintiuck-Arlz... 

South  Lake 

Superior  .^  Globe 

:Trethewey 

iTuoIumne  Copper 

[Vulture 

Yuma 


195 
12  « 
llj 
.07 

.;i3 

8?< 
.(M)i 
.M% 
1« 
17< 
tH 
■iH 
3H 
'•'.■ii 


.;i9 
t« 

121 
.10 

!« 
3!< 
9« 
t.8I 


IT.nst  qimtnlion. 


THE 


'I'lTinn'ini'i'iu'i.u'i'rtV'A'A^n'M'A'J.'t'A'i'/.'raj.'n.'/.'.VT.-ja 


■^TiTiTinn'i'A'i't^.';ij;zAmJA!Ami 


S 


ENGINEERING 


AND 

S(g]S 


»MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^^  E  E  K  L  Y 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -^  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary /%,  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Untcr  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Engminjour,  N.  Y.  ■^  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Bico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  -%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent. 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ■%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  -%.  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
/%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  go 


NOVEMBER  5,  igio. 


NO.  19 


VIItCULATIU:i    ST.VI  I'-Air.ST 

Iturittf)     1009     ICC    priiital     ami     vircttlatnl 
5."!4,.">00     ro/iiis     of     The     Knuinkkrimi     .vnh 

Ml.MNU     .lol  liNAl.. 

Our    virvulutiun     for     Oviubci,     I'.ilii.     irdv 
5<>,500   copifit. 

Xovembcr   5 II.immi 

\intr  sent  pvr   ictinlinhi,   nn   hitt-l,-   )tiliiihrr.f. 
I'iiliiits  tn'f  liri,   mt  mt  iihi liuii . 


Contents  pa"k 

Editorial  : 

Mipic   (iiigKenheim    Financing S'.)l 

I''imIi  rai   .Mining  and  Smelting  Company   S'.i:; 

'I'lif  Cuui'se  of  I'lafinum '*^9'_' 

Mi'Ullllrs— l!.v    tlie    Way.. >i'X; 

Coi-n'spondcnce    and    I>iscUBsion  : 

Kfont.niic  Conditions  in  tlie  .Toi)lin 
l>i.stiict  ....  Tracliitp  oi-  Tiacliyte 
....Zinc  Dnst  Fcedei.  .  .  .Calcnla- 
tlon  of  Uocovery  in  Concentration 
....  Cyanide     Development     on     the 

Hand     804 

Nevada  ('<in.-folidated  Copper  Company...    895 

Iiavi.^-l)aly   Copiter   ('omi)any 895 

Consolidated  Minin;;  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany        SO.-. 

Lackawanna    Steel    t'onipauy 89."» 

Iietails  of   I'laclical    Mining: 

•Slarting  a  Ventilating  I''an  .\ulo- 
nuiti<-allv  .  .  .  .  A  fsefiil  I'liini)  l''orm- 
nla.  ..  .'.Method  of  ICxtending  Shaft 
Timliers.  .  .  .Toil  uml  Holtoni  Drill- 
ing in  rig  Coppei- .  .  .  .  S'loporlin^; 
'i'rolley  Wires.  .  .  .Mine  l%dni'tors .  .  .  . 
♦Vacuum  Filter  for  Zinc  I'ux  Slimes 
....  Carlion  I»ioxlde  ('iiteri<Mi  .... 
Drill  Shaipenlni;  rndergrninKi .  .  .  . 
W'aues  in. San  .Inan  Mines,  ('iiloradn  SO); 
(Jerman    Miners'    Insurance    and    .\nnuil\' 

Funds    -11 Jriihiicl;   L.   Iliilfiiiaii   Oiiip 

I.a  I{<ise  Consolidated  Mines  Company...    0(11 

t'onipania   Minera  de  I'enoles 002 

•The    Zllhlln    .System    of    Dre    Chutes. 

MflCll     (Jlulll'HWitz    OOL' 

Jtnenesltp    Mining    in    California Oo:; 

Vani'diuni  In  Nc;.w  Mexico Oo". 

Oriental    .Mining   Company Oo:i 

Occurrence  of  Tnng.<?ten  in  Itand  District. 

Cal Hiiiinirl  II.  Ilolhiin    004 

Maeneiometric  Survey  of  the  Adirondack 

Iron    Iieposlta Oo.', 

•The     Manufacture    of     Sublimed     While 

Lead /.    /.    ni'ilr  Ooi; 

•Itedded    Copper    T>eposlts    of    Carangas. 

Ilollvia Unhrit    irntrxhiivxt.   Jr.   Oo!l 

Reminlscenres     of     Karly      Mexican      Fx- 

pnrlences (trttnir    W.    Vainuinl   01" 

•Mining   Methods    ICmplfived    at    Cananea. 

Mex.  — I Iforrix   ./.    lUniutl    014 

•The  Drop  Shaft  Method  of  Sinking 01s 

Coal   Deposits   In    Itrazll 910 

>rakln','  Coke  from  a  Nruu-oklnL'  Coal.  .  .  .  010 
The  New  Mine  Itescue  Station  In  Indiana  Oi'o 
•AnthracMe  Coal  on  Ihe  racltic  Coast...  O'Jii 
Kecommended    ChnnKes    In    Indiana    Mine 

Laws    021 

LehiKh  &  Wilkes  liarre  Cnal  Company...    O'J'J 

I'ersunal.    Olilluary    a'wi    Societies 02" 

Fdlinrlal    Cori-espondeneo 024 

Mlnlnu-   News n2fi 

Markets    O."?."? 

Mlnlnu-  Index 040 

Current  T'rlees  of  Chemicals.  Rare  Min- 
erals,   Farlhs.   Ktc 04^ 

Dividends    044 

'nUmtrnlril. 


More   Guggenheim  Financing 


A  scheme  for  the  further  financing  of 
the  Guggenheim  smelting  business  is 
being  talked  about  in  the  papers.  The 
plan  that  has  been  outlined  has  not 
been  officially  announced,  and  the  un- 
official disclosure  may  be  simply  a  bal- 
lon d'essai  to  indicate  how  the  public  will 
accept  the  remarkable  scheme  that  is  ap- 
parently  under  meditation. 

As  appeared  from  the  last  annual  re- 
ports of  the  American  Smeltng  and  Re- 
fining Company  and  the  Amercan 
Smelters  Securities  Company,  the  busi- 
ness of  the  latter  has  grown  in  a  very 
remarkable  way,  its  total  earnings  dur- 
ing the  last  year  have  shown  an  increase 
of  SI, 783,409  over  those  of  the  previous 
year,  and  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to 
$7,213,475,  a  total  which  was  but  little 
short  of  the  S8.887,788  reported  by  the 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company.  The 
financial  position  of  the  two  companies, 
however,  was  widely  different.  In  the 
conduction  of  a  general  smelting  busi- 
ness it  is  necessary  to  possess  a  very 
large  capital  for  carrying  the  huge  quan- 
tities of  ores  and  metals  through  the 
-prolonged  process  of  treatment.  Thus, 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  has  normally  about  SIS.OOO,- 
000  of  metals  on  hand.  The  Securities 
Company  for  its  last  year  reported  S9,- 
714,948.  But  while  in  addition  to  metal 
stocks,  the  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany had  $11,620,401  in  cash  and  de- 
tnand  loans,  with  offsetting  liabilities  to 
only  an  insignificant  amount,  the  Secur- 
ities Company  had  less  than  $1,000,000 
in  cash,  and  $10,816,406  in  "net  current 


liabilities."  These  liabilities  were  ex- 
plained to  be  "largely  advances  from 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany." Possibly  the  explanation  would 
have  been  more  accurate  if  the  words 
"chiefly"  or  "wholly"  had  been  substi- 
tuted   for  "largely." 

The  position  seems  to  have  been  that 
the  Smelting  and  Refining  Company  had 
lent  nearly  the  whole  of  its  cash  surpli's 
to  the  Securities  Company.  It  is  now 
proposed  that  the  Securities  Company 
will  issue  $15,000,000  of  6  per  cenL 
bonds,  convertible  into  stock  at  par, 
which  will  enable  the  Securities  Com- 
pany to  pay  off  its  indebtedness  to  the 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  and  add, 
approximately,  $5,000,000  to  its  own 
working  assets,  with  the  promise  that 
the  Securities  Company  will  soon  begin 
the  payment  of  dividends  on  its  common 
stock. 

The  common  stock  of  the  Securities 
Company,  amounting  to  $30,000,000,  is 
owned  by  the  American  Smelting  and  Re- 
fining Company  and  the  Guggenheim 
Exploration  Company,  the  former  hav- 
ing 177,510  shares,  which  has  not  hereto- 
fore been  given  any  valuation  in  the  as- 
sets of  the  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany. Now,  it  is  proposed  that  the 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company,  when 
it  recovers  its  loan  to  the  Securities 
Company,  shall  buy  witTi  the  money  the 
Securities  stock  of  the  Guggenheim  Ex- 
ploration Company.  The  amount  of  the 
stock  to  be  purchased  and  the  price  to  be 
paid   for  it  have  not  yet  been  indicated. 

The  result  of  this  ingenious  and  ele- 
gant scheme  will  be  that  the  public  will 
supply  $15,000,000  in  new  money,  the 
Securities  Company  will  add   to  its  re- 


892 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


sources  by  about  $5,000,000,  at  the  possi- 
ble expense  of  dilution  of  its  capital 
stock  by  $15,000,000  later  on;  the 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  will 
spend  its  great  resource  of  good,  hard 
cash,  the  possession  of  which  has  here- 
tofore been  its  best  excuse  for  failure 
to  allow  adequately  for  the  amortization 
of  its  plants,  in  the  purchase  of  more 
of  a  common  stock  that  up  to  date  itself 
has  refrained  from  valuation;  for  its 
stock  of  the  same  kind  the  Guggenheim 
Exploration  Company  will  come  into  pos- 
session of  real  money.  By  a  simple  al- 
gebraic formula,  consequently,  it  will  ap- 
prar  that  the  public  is  to  be  asked  to 
supply  a  lot  of  money  in  order  to  take 
over  an  investment  of  the  Guggenheim 
Exploration  Company,  with  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  running 
the  chance  of  falling  down  between  two 
stools.  If  this  scheme  really  be  contem- 
plated, we  fail  to  receive  the  impression 
of  conservative  financing. 


Federal  Mining  and  Smelting 
Company 

The  securities  of  the  Federal  Mining 
rnd  Smelting  Company  have  suffered  a 
further  decline  during  the  last  week.  In 
looking  for  the  cause  of  this  we  need  go 
no  further  than  the  recently  issued  report 
of  the  company  for  its  year  ended  Aug. 
31,  1910.  Although  the  usual  dividends 
on  the  preferred  stock  were  paid,  they 
were  not  fully  earned  and  the  outlook  for 
the  future  of  the  mines  is  admittedly 
gloomy.  The  ore  reserves  of  the  Ward- 
ner  mines  increased  by  41,080  tons,  but 
those  of  the  Mace  mines  decreased  by 
33,305  tons,  and  of  the  Morning  mine  by 
207,535  tons.  At  the  end  of  the  year  the 
total  reserves  were  1,092,045  tons  against 
1,291,805  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year. 
The  amount  mined  in  1909-10  was  741,- 
650  tons,  wherefore  the  reserves  at  the 
end  of  the  year  were  only  about  18 
months'  supply.  The  orebodies  have  not 
yet  been  bottomed,  except  perhaps  at 
Wardner,  and  additions  to  the  reserves 
are  made  from  year  to  year,  but  such 
a  diminution  as  occurred  last  year 
obviously  signifies  that  the  productiveness 
of  these  mines  cannot  long  be  maintained. 
The  situation  is  indeed  worse  than  the 
figures  indicate  on  their  face,  inasmuch  as 
the  Morning  mine,  possessing  50  per  cent, 
of  the  present  ore  reserves  of  the  com- 
pany, has  suffered  such  a  deterioration  in 
character  of  ore  that  it  was  operated  at  a 


loss  last  year,  while  the  management  esti- 
mates only  three  years'  more  life  for  the 
Wardner  mines.  The  Mace  mines  are 
reckoned  good  for  $50,000  to  $75,000  per 
month  profit  as  long  as  they  last,  but  on 
the  1600-ft.  level  they  are  not  looking  so 
well  as  on  the  1400-ft.,  and  there  is  evi- 
dently a  fear  that  they  are  not  going  to 
hold  out  to  much  greater  depth.  The  man- 
agement of  the  company  is  very  strong 
in  its  recommendation  that  the  Morning 
mine  be  closed  rather  than  exhaust  its  re- 
serves without  profit  and  that  the  com- 
pany ought  to  move  quickly  toward  the 
acquisition  of  new  properties.  Obviously 
the  present  situation  of  this  company  is 
not  of  a  kind  to  make  its  stockholders  feel 
good. 

With  respect  to  fullness  of  detail,  both 
technical  and  financial,  the  last  Federal 
report  is  all  that  could  be  desired.  From 
this  standpoint  it  is  the  only  decent  report 
that  the  directors  have  ever  made,  where- 
fore it  is  the  more  painful  that  its  sub- 
stance should  be  so  unsatisfactory.  We 
hardly  know  whether  to  congratulate  the 
directors  upon  having  learned  the  lesson 
that  stockholders  have  a  right  to  informa- 
tion about  their  property;  or  to  suspect 
them  of  enjoying  the  grim  joke  of  be- 
coming frank  about  a  patient  that  could 
not  be  bolstered  up  much  longer.  We 
have  always  been  so  insistent  in  urging 
publicity  and  the  rights  of  stockholders  in 
general  that  it  is  somewhat  ungracious  to 
cavil  at  full  reports  when  finally  made, 
tut  certainly  there  is  a  ground  for  anim- 
adversion when  the  directors  of  com- 
panies like  North  Butte  and  Federal,  no- 
toriously secretive  for  many  years,  sud- 
denly spring  on  their  stockholders  very 
minute  and  elaborate  reports  to  tell  them 
that  their  mines  are  not  good  for  much 
more,  after  the  news  has  been  discounted 
in  the  stock  market  by  somebody. 


The  Course  of  Platinum 


It  is  frequently  the  case  that  some  of 
the  minor  metals  do  not  follow  the  course 
of  the  general  market,  or  of  the  important 
metals.  An  instance  of  this  is  found  in 
the  range  of  platinum  prices  during  the 
present  year.  In  1909,  the  metal  was 
at  the  lowest  point  it  had  reached  in  sev- 
eral years.  For  nearly  half  the  year  it 
was  between  $22  and  $23  per  ounce,  but 
in  the  last  quarter  it  crept  gradually  up 
to  $29.  At  about  this  time  an  upward 
movement  began,  slowly  at  first,  but  the 
price  reached  $33  in  July  and  $34  in  Sep- 


tember. In  the  month  just  closed,  the 
gain  was  rapid  and  the  closing  quotations 
are  $39,  an  advance  of  nearly  35  per 
cent,  during  the  year. 

The  supply  of  platinum  is  so  small 
that  it  is  quite  possible  for  it  to  be 
cornered;  and  in  fact  this  has  been  done 
several  times  by  the  French  syndicate 
which  controls  most  of  the  Russian  out- 
put. In  the  present  case,  however,  there 
seems  to  have  been  a  real  increase  in  de- 
mand. One  call  for  platinum,  its  chemi- 
cal use,  does  not  vary  greatly  from  year 
to  year;  moreover  in  this  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  metal  used  is  not  con- 
sumed, but  returns  in  the  form  of  scrap 
to  be  remade  into  chemical  ware.  An- 
other use,  in  dentistry,  cannot  vary  large- 
ly. In  the  automobile  trade,  where  plati- 
num is  used  for  sparking  points  in  en- 
gines, there  has  been  an  actual  decrease 
in  the  consumption,  as  compared  with 
last  year  and  the  early  part  of  the  pres- 
ent year. 

The  general  demand  at  the  present  time 
comes  from  the  jewelry  trade,  and  to  this 
the  rise  in  price  is  largely  due.  Fashion  has 
decreed  that  platinum  shall  be  substituted 
for  gold  in  certain  classes  of  work,  and 
this  has  called  for  a  considerable  con- 
sumption of  the  metal.  This,  moreover, 
is  not  a  use  which  is  likely  to  be  checked 
by  an  advance  in  price  since  purchasers 
are  usually  able  to  pay  for  and  to  demand 
v.hat  they  want. 

Prices  abroad  have  gone  up  in  about 
the  same  ratio,  and  our  latest  quotation 
from  St.  Petersburg  is  31,000  rubles  per 
pood,  or  $30.45  per  ounce  for  crude  metal, 
carrying  only  83  per  cent,  platinum.  Re- 
ports of  declining  production  have  helped 
in  the  advance.  The  Russian  platinum  is 
the  main  supply  of  the  market.  The  re- 
ceipts from  Colombia  are  irregular  and 
rather  unreliable;  while  the  quantities 
produced  in  the  United  States  and  in 
some  other  countries  are  too  small  to  be 
taken  into  account. 


It  is  too  early  yet  to  settle  the  prices 
of  Lake  Superior  iron  for  next  year, 
though  next  month  will  probably  see 
some  decision  on  this  point.  It  is  evi- 
dent, however,  that  there  must  be  some 
reduction,  or  the  merchant  furnaces  us- 
ing Lake  ore  will  suffer.  The  average 
price  of  pig  in  Pittsburg  has  fallen  so  that 
with  ore  prices  unchanged,  merchant  iron 
makers  will  have  hard  work  to  make  ends 
meet. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


893 


Metallics 


By  the  Way 


The  fire  ioss  in  the  United  States  annu- 
ally equals  one-half  the  total  cost  of  new 
buildings  for  the  year. 

One  pound  of  chrome  steel  in  the  shoes 
crushed  2.75  tons  of  ore  at  the  "700" 
mill  of  the  Alaska  United  Gold  Mining 
Company,  Douglas  Island,  Alaska,  in 
1909,  and  one  pound  of  iron  in  the  dies 
crushed  5.86  tons,  at  a  total  cost  of  2.5c. 
per  ton  of  ore  for  iron  and  steel  con- 
sumed. 

Blasting  mats  woven  of  heavy  rope  are 
sometimes  spread  on  the  ground  above 
bore  holes  when  blasting  is  being  done 
where  flying  pieces  of  rock  will  be 
dangerous.  If  heavy  charges  are  used  it 
is  sometimes  well  to  place  logs  or  rail- 
road ties  directly  over  the  holes,  covering 
these  with  blasting  mats. 

The  solid  matter  in  a  dense,  black 
smoke  has  been  determined  as  but  one- 
third  of  one  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of 
coal  burned.  Of  this  solid  matter,  prob- 
ably one-half  was  carbon.  It  is  not  the 
smoke  itself  which  causes  poor  economy, 
but  it  indicates  the  presence  of  unburned 
gases,  such  as  carbon  monoxide  and  vari- 
ous hydrocarbons. 

When  a  powder  magazine  is  protected 
by  a  lightning-rod  system,  the  latter 
shoiild  lead  to  a  ground  plate  outside 
of  the  foundation  walls  of  the  magazine. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  set  these  ground 
plates  at  any  appreciable  distance  away 
from  the  foundation  walls,  but  it  is  im- 
portant to  bury  them  below  the  perma- 
nent moisture  line  of  the  ground. 

Zirconia  sand,  containing  85  to  90  per 
cent,  of  ZrO:,  is  now  obtained  in  com- 
mercial quantity  from  Brazil,  and  com- 
paratively cheaply.  It  is  an  exceedingly 
refractory  substance.  Crucibles  made 
of  nine  parts  zirconia  and  one  part  mag- 
nesia, with  10  per  cent,  of  phosphoric 
acid  as  binding  agent,  are  of  extraordi- 
nary resistance  to  sudden  changes  of 
temperature  and  practically  unaffected 
by  molten  alkalies.  Pure  fused  zirconia 
may  be  plunged  white  hot  into  cold  wa- 
ter without  fear  of  fracture. 

A  report  by  Gibb  Maitland,  Govern- 
ment geologist  of  Western  Australia,  de- 
scribes the  new  radium  mineral  pilbarite, 
found  in  a  tantalite  lode  near  Wodgina  in 
the  Pilbarra  goldfield.  The  mineral  oc- 
curs in  nodules  from  the  size  of  a  pea  up 
to  that  of  a  walnut  and  is  thought  to  be  a 
hydrous  pseudomorph  after  a  probably 
anhydrous  parent  mineral.  The  interior 
of  the  nodules  is  a  bright  canary-yellow 
color,  the  exterior  being  disguised  some- 
what by  a  brownish  or  reddish  coating. 
The  hardness  ranges  from  2.5  to  3  and  its 
specific  gravity  from  4.4  to  4.7.  It  is  a 
hydrated  silicate  of  lead,  uranium  and 
thorium,  and  is  estimated  to  contain  about 
7.5  eg.  of  radium  per  ton. 


In  one  of  the  South  African  mining 
papers,  bids  are  invited  for  the  supply 
of  donkeys  to  several  school  boards.  In 
this  country  the  donkeys  that  get  on  the 
school  boards  manage  the  thing  them- 
selves. 

Some  recent  events  in  the  New  York 
curb  market  inspired  the  Evening  Post 
to  remark  that  "on  the  Curb,  where  many 
people  prefer  to  lose  their  money,  the 
little  tables  are  insecure,  and  often  get 
upset,  but  no  operator  ought  ever  to  lose 
the  pea." 

The  Anderson  Artificial  Coal  Com- 
pany, organized  to  manufacture  coal 
from  clay  and  chemicals,  has  passed  into 
the  hands  of  a  receiver — the  fiasco  of  a 
scheme  that  was  expected  to  develop  into 
a  bonanza.  One  of  the  many  stockhold- 
ers, a  woman,  recently  judged  insane, 
suffered  from  a  hallucination  in  which 
she  constantly  studied  the  formula  from 
which  the  artificial  coal  was  to  be  made. 

An  Australian  contemporary  gives  some 
interesting  pr.ictices  in  "high  grading," 
which  include  the  following.  Candles 
are  hollowed  out,  and  rich  specimens 
concealed  in  them.  Holes  are  drilled  by 
the  blacksmith  for  his  friends  in  the 
heads  of  the  picks.  Hollow  boot  heels 
are  popular.  Most  ingenious  of  all,  a 
cyanide  workman  used  to  fill  his  bicycle 
pump  with  unprecipitated  solution  in 
order  to  run  a  private  precipitation  plant 
at  home. 

Rather  an  odd  suit  against  a  Cali- 
fornia mining  company  is  that  of  Ed- 
ward A.  Reynolds,  claiming  damages  of 
$25,000  for  the  death  of  his  son  by  an 
explosion,  though  the  boy  was  not  an  em- 
ployee of  the  company.  Reynolds 
charges  that  the  New  Guadaloupe  Quick- 
silver Mining  Company  was  negligent 
when  it  allowed  dynamite  to  lay  about 
where  it  could  be  found  by  small  boys. 
The  boy  found  some  dynamite  and  caps, 
and  then  hammered  them  with  a  rock 
until  an  explosion  occurred,  resulting  in 
his  death. 

In  the  Superior  court  of  Shasta  county, 
California,  judgment  has  been  given  in 
favor  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Mount  Shasta 
Cold  Mining  and  Milling  Company 
against  Edward  McGrew,  a  former  sup- 
erintendent. While  employed  by  the 
company  he  was  instructed  to  locate  sev- 
eral copper  claims  near  the  Iron  Moun- 
tain and  Hornet  mines  of  the  Mountain 
Copper  Company.  He  did  this  in  his 
own  name  (though  the  company  paid  all 
the  expenses),  and  later  refused  to  deed 
the  claims  to  the  company,  which  brought 
suit.  The  judgment  is  that  he  must  deed 
to  the  company  the  claims  he  located  in 
1909.  The  judgment  was  by  default, 
McGrew  never  appearing  to  contest  the 
action. 


A  special  news  bulletin  from  Wash- 
ington to  the  New  York  Times,  Nov.  1, 
1910,  states  that  the  Right  Honorable 
James  Bryce,  the  British  ambassador,  has 
been  geologizing  in  the  Culebra  cut  of 
the  Panama  Canal.  The  ambassador  is 
quoted  as  describing  one  particularly  in- 
teresting rock  as  "a  cross  between  the 
usual  igneous  formations  and  formations 
under  the  influence  of  water."  It  is  also 
reported  that  the  President  has  ordered 
C.  Willard  Hayes,  chief  geologist  of  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey  to  proceed  to  the 
Canal  and  make  an  investigation  of  these 
formations.  Possibly  this  diplomatic  dis- 
covery only  existed  in  the  mind  of  a 
versatile  newspaper  representative  and 
it  is  hoped  that  it  is  not  so  bad  as  re- 
ported. Something  certainly  should  be 
done  quickly  before  the  nations  learn 
what  we  aie  harboring  at  Panama.  , 

The  hookworm  disease  is  causing  some 
anxiety  among  the  miners  in  Amador 
county,  California,  where  it  has  been  re- 
ported to  exist  in  the  Kennedy,  Zeila, 
South  Eureka  and  Argonaut  mines  in  and 
about  Jackson.  Physicians  seem  to  think 
it  is  on  the  increase  and  that  there  are 
cases  in  other  camps.  Nearly  all  the 
victims  are  miners  and  it  is  thought 
that  the  foreign  element  is  responsible 
for  the  introduction  of  the  disease  in  the 
country.  It  is  hoped  that  the  Rockefeller 
Research  will  soon  find  a  way  of  elimin- 
ating this  slothful  little  fellow.  He  has 
already  gotten  into  the  vitals  of  some 
of  our  mining  stocks,  which  are  flounder- 
ing around  anemically  with  apparently 
little  hope  of  developing  any  Phoenix- 
like qualities.  One  or  two  have  shown 
some  signs  of  healthful  activity,  but  from 
the  manner  in  which  many  of  them  have 
been  helplessly  shaken  and  racked,  one 
might  think  they  had  the  Wellman  equili- 
brator   attachment. 

In  the  Radersburg  district  of  Montana, 
hot-spring  deposits  which  seem  to  repre- 
sent a  stage  of  the  mineralization  of  the 
producing  veins,  cap  the  latter.  The  hot- 
spring  deposits  contain  sufficient  gold  to 
constitute  a  discovery  for  a  valid  lode  lo- 
cation. The  surface  tufas  spreading  out 
from  the  hot-spring  deposits  or  veins  are 
integral  parts  of  the  lodes  though  lying 
flat  on  the  surface  of  Tertiary  lake  beds. 
i.e.,  the  tufas  are  as  much  a  part  of  the 
veins  in  the  light  of  their  genesis  as  are 
the  vertical  vents  along  which  the  solu- 
tions ascended.  The  question  now  arises 
as  to  whether  a  location  made  on  the  sur- 
face tufas  without  exposing  the  vertical 
vents  is  valid.  It  is  suggested  by  D.  C. 
Bard  in  the  Journ.  of  the  Assoc,  of  Eng. 
Soc,  July,  1910.  that  the  tufa  has  the 
lake-bed  clays  for  a  foot-wall  and  the  sky 
for  the  hanging.  There  is  doubtless  a  nice 
point  at  law  involved  in  this  question,  and 
it  will  be  interesting  to  see  how  the  mat- 
ter will  be  decided  by  the  Solons  of  the 
bench. 


894 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


Exonomic    Conditions    in    the 
Joplin   District 


I  have  read  the  interesting  article  of 
T.  Lane  Carter  on  the  "Economic  Con- 
ditions in  the  Joplin  District,"  published 
in  the  Journal  Oct.  15,  and  enjoyed  it 
thoroughly. 

There  is  one  statement,  however,  that 
is  erroneous,  and  not  with  a  view  of 
criticizing  Mr.  Carter,  but  of  giving  the 
facts,  I  wish  to  make  this  explana- 
tion. Mr.  Carter  states  that  a  blende  ore 
(concentrate)  carrying  7  per  cent,  iron 
will  assay  53  per  cent,  zinc,  and  in  ad- 
dition be  penalized  S6  for  the  6  per  cent. 
iron,  1  per  cent,  being  allowed  without 
penalty,  making  a  total  of  $13  reduction 
in  the  price  of  the  ore.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  a  blende  ore  containing  7  per  cent, 
iron  and  which  has  no  other  gangue  im- 
purities will  be  penalized  only  S6  per  ton 
and  no  more. 

Joplin    Produces    High-grade   Concen- 
trate 

Taken  as  a  district  there  is  no  higher- 
grade  or  more  desirable  zinc  ore  pro- 
duced in  the  United  States  than  in  th-; 
Joplin  district.  The  average  iron  content 
of  the  ores  of  this  district,  exclusive  of 
the  Miami,  Okla.,  camp,  will  average 
about  3  per  cent,  iron  and  the  average 
grade  of  the  blende  ores  will  assay  from 
56'/2  to  57  per  cent.  zinc.  While  there  are 
some  mines  that  produce  ore  carrying 
higher  percentages  of  iron,  they  are 
few,  and  being  in  soft  ground  almost 
invariably  are  small  and  cut  no  figure 
in  the  district's  production.  One  separat- 
ing plant  of  small  capacity  handles  all 
the  iron  ores  of  the  district,  and  mag- 
netic separators  are  not  required  by  the 
mining  operators.  The  Miami,  Okla., 
ores,  amounting  to  about  5  per  cent,  of 
the  total  production,  do  contain  a  high 
percentage  of  iron  and  other  impurities, 
such  as  bitumen,  but  the  ore  of  this 
camp  is  so  rich  that  it  is  being  worked 
with  great  profit,  the  high  royalties  of  the 
camp  being  a  greater  drawback  to  profit- 
able mining  than  the  iron  content  of  the 
ore. 

C.  H.  Plumb. 
Joplin,  Mo.,  Oct.  29,   1910. 

Trachite  or  Trachyte 


is  from  the  Greek  trachus,  meaning 
rough,  and  the  Greek  u  is  generally 
written  y  in  English,  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  uniformity  is  always  desirable, 
even  in  the  names  of  rocks. 

The  suffix  ite  comes  from  the  Greek 
ites,  signifying  "of  the  nature  of," 
among  other  things,  and  yte  is  a  variant 
of  He.  J.  D.  Dana  proposed  in  1868  that 
ite  be  restricted  to  minerals  and  yte  to 
rocks,  but  were  such  usage  general,  we 
should  have  andesyte,  dacyte,  etc.,  as  well 
as  trachyte.  There  would,  therefore,  ap- 
pear no  good  reason  to  make  an  excep- 
tion in  the  case  of  the  last  which,  to  my 
mind,  should  be  spelled  trachite  for  the 
sake  of  uniformity. 

Gordon  Surr. 

San  Bernardino,  Gal.,  Sept.  23,  1910. 


Zinc  Dust  Feeder 


In  the  Journal  of  Sept.  3,  1910,  ap- 
pears an  article  entitled  "Zinc  Dust  Feed- 
er," by  A.  B.  Parsons,  of  Goldfield.  This 
article  describes  minutely  our  device  for 
feeding  zinc  dust  automatically  and  pro- 
portionately to  the  Merrill  precipitation 
presses,  but  the  wording  is  such  that  the 
reader  will  probably  infer  that  this  is 
a  local  device  confined  only  to  the  Gold- 
field  Consolidated,  Montana-Tonopah, 
Pittsburg-Silver  Peak  and  other  Nevada 
companies,  which  are  using  the  Merrill 
zinc-dust  process.  On  the  contrary,  this 
device  is  supplied  by  us  with  each  instal- 
lation and  is  an  integral  part  of  the 
above  patented  process. 

This  device  is  described  in  our  catalog 
and  is  illustrated  by  a  diagram,  which  is 
not  the  same  as  the  one  in  the  article, 
but  is  similar. 

C.  C.  Broadwater, 
Vice-president,       Merrill       Metallurgical 
Company. 

San   Francisco,  Cal.,  Oct.  26,   1910. 


It  has  long  seemed  peculiar  to  me  that, 
although  the  names  of  most  rocks  and 
minerals  end  in  ite,  trachite  is  commonly 
spelled   with   a  y.     The  term,   it   is  true. 


Calculation    of    Recovery    in 
Concentration 

I  wish  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  mathematical  method  of  calcu- 
lating recoveries,  written  by  T.  J.  Hoover 
and  published  in  the  Journal  of  June  11, 
1910,  had  been  previously  fully  described 
by  me  in  an  article  published  in  the 
Journal  of  June  19,  1909.  The  formulas 
given  in  my  contribution  were  precisely 
the  same  as  those  given  by  Mr.  Hoover, 
though  slightly  differently  expressed  and 
with  different  lettering.  It  appears  to 
me   that   it   would   be   only    fair  to   make 


some  acknowledgment  of  this  in  the  next 
available  issue  of  the  Journal. 

London,  Oct.  17,  1910.  F.  Close. 

[It  is  true  that  certain  of  Mr.  Hoover's 
formulas  are  equivalent  to  those  given  in 
Mr.  Close's  article  referred  to.  How- 
ever, there  are  other  claimants  for  prior- 
ity, antedating  Mr.  Close,  for  Ernest  Gay- 
ford  gave  equivalent  formulas  in  a  pub- 
lication of  the  General  Engineering  Com- 
pany in  1907,  and  claims  to  have  used 
them  since  1904,  while  other  engineers 
have  doubtless  used  similar  formulas  for 
some  years. 

While  Mr.  Close  should  be  given  credit 
for  prior  publication  in  the  columns  of 
the  Journal,  it  should  be  noted  that  Mr. 
Hoover's  notation  is  much  simpler,  and 
his  treatment  of  the  influence  of  errors 
far  better.  As  to  how  important  mere 
simplification  of  notation  is,  one  need 
only  consider  problems  in  determinants 
and  other  higher  algebraic  studies,  where 
the  choice  of  notation  is  often  enough  to 
decide  whether  one  will  or  will  not  be 
able   to  solve   the   problem. 

It  should  also  be  remembered  that  when 
different  engineers  attack  the  same  prob- 
lem it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  if  they 
arrive  at  practically  equivalent  or  even 
identical  formulas.  It  would  be  far  more 
surprising  if  the  formulas  were  unlike,  in 
which  case  mathematical  rules  would 
need  an  immediate  and  decided  overhaul- 
ing— Editor.] 


Cyanide  Developments  on  the 
Rand 

I  note  in  the  Journal  of  Oct.  22,  page 
797,  an  account  from  its  Johannesburg 
correspondent  of  the  Butters  filter  plant, 
recently  installed  at  the  Crown  mines. 
In  his  attempt  at  conciseness  he  appears 
to  have  unconsciously  introduced  the  fol- 
lowing statement:  "The  plant  consists 
of  two  sections,  each  of  five  compart- 
ments of  150  leaves,  with  a  filtering  area 
of  81  sq.ft."  From  my  knowledge  of 
the  plant  shipped  to  this  mine  the  state- 
ment would  be  clearer  as  follows:  The 
plant  consists  of  two  sections,  each  con- 
tains five  compartments  and  150  leaves, 
and  each  leaf  has  a  filtering  area  of  81 
sq.ft.  In  other  words,  the  filter  plant 
contains  300  leaves  and  has  a  total  fil- 
tering area  of  24,300  sq.ft.  (300  times 
81). 

G.  W.  Shepherd. 

Secretary,  Butters  Patent  Vacuum  Fil- 
ter Company. 

New  York,  Oct.  24,  1910. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


895 


October  Dividends 

The  accompanying  table  shows  the 
amount  per  share  and  total  amount  of 
dividends  paid  during  October,  1910, 
by  a  number  of  the  leading  mining  and 
metallurgical  companies  in  the  United 
States,  Canada  and  Mexico. 


U.  S.  .Mining 
Ck)mpanies. 

Am . Sin .  &  Kef . .com. 
Am.  .Sm.  A-  Ret.  pf, 
.\m  Zinc-.I.ea(l  A-Sm 

.■Vnaconda.  c 

BunkcTHill\-Siil.,.s.l. 
Copper  Hange,  c. . 

t'hainpion.  c 

Elkton.  g 

{iolilHcld.  Con.  K.. . 
Guggenheim  Expl.  . 

Herla.  s.  1 

HoTiu-staiie.  g 

New  Indria,  q 

Old  Dominion,  c.  . 
Old  Dominion  .M.   & 

.Sin.,  c. 

Shaltuck  .Vriz.,  c.  .  . 
Sioux  Con.,  .s.  1.  g. .  . 
Tonopah-Helniont. 

■s.  g 

Tonopahof  .Nev.,s.g. 
U.    S.    Sm.    Hef.    & 

.Min..  com 

U.   S.    Sm.    Hef.    A- 

.Min.,  pf 


U.  S.  Industrials. 


Ceniral  C.  A-  C.  com 
Central  C.  A  C.  pf.  . 
Cons  )li(lated  Coal.... 
Consolidation  Coal. . 
(leneral  Ctlelll.,  pf.. . 
Nat    CartKjn.  com  . . 

Nat.  I.ead.  com 

Penn  .Salt 

Pitlsliirigli  Coal.  .  .  . 
Rcpul)lic  I.  A  S.,  pf. 
Hepuldic  I.  A  S.,  ac. 
Sioss-sheftield.  pf. .  . 
\'a.  Carolina  Ch..  pf. 


Situa- 
tion. 


I'.  S. 

t'.  S. 

Kan. 

Mont. 

Ida. 

Mich. 

.Mich. 

Colo. 

Nev. 

IT.  S. 

Ida. 

S.  I). 

Cal. 

.^riz. 

.\riz. 
.\riz. 
Utah. 

Nev. 
Nev. 

U.S. 

V.  S. 


Amt. 

per 

Snare 


1.00 
1 . 7."> 
O.iO 
0  .50 

0  :«) 
1 .00 

1  .00 
O.Oli 
0..50 
2.50 
0  02 
0 . .')() 

0 . :«) 

0.2.5 

0 .  ,50 
1.00 
0.04 

0.1.5 
0.40 

0 .  .50 

O..S7i 


Total 

.\mount 

Paid. 


.500  000 

.S7.5.0OO 

10.060 

tiOO.OOO 

OS, too 

.•«4,1S5 
2.50,000 

.37,500 

1,779,424 

519,832 

20,000 
109,200 

30,000 

73,311 

SI. 000 

3.50.000 

29,S55 

225.000 
400,000 

1 75, .505 

425,288 


situa- 
tion. 


.Mo. 

Mo. 

III. 

Md. 

U.S. 

V.  H. 

N.  Y. 

Penn. 

Penn. 

Ala. 

Ala. 

Ala. 

U.S. 


Aliit. 

.1 

er 
are. 

1 

.50 

1 

2.5 

I 

.50 

1 

.50 

I 

50 

1 

,50 

0 

1  o 

3 

00 

1 

25 

1 

(.> 

1 

00 

00 

Total 

-\moiint 

Paid. 


76,.S75 

23.437 

75,000 

285,370 

1.50,000 

.S2,.500 

1.54,915 

180,000 

371,262 

357,296 

204,169 

117,2.50 

360,000 


Foreign  .Mining 
(-'ompanie.s. 

Buffalo,  s. ......  . 

C^rown  Keserve,  s. 
Esperanza,  s.  g. . . 

Hedk'.v.  g 

Jiimilco.  c 

Iji  Rose,  s 

Nipissing,  s 

Trethewey,  s 


Ann. 

Situa- 

per 
Share. 

tion. 

Onf . 

0.05 

Ont. 

0.15 

Mex. 

0.36 

B.C. 

0  30 

Mex. 

0.02 

Ont. 

0.10 

Ont. 

0 . 3"i 

Ont. 

0.10 

Tc)tal 

.\iuount 

Paid. 


50,000 
262, .500 
163.SOO 

36,000 

20,000 
140,840 
450,000 

10,000 


eluding  the  railroad,  at  Parral,  Chih., 
Mexico,  to  an  American  syndicate  headed 
by  A.  J.  McQuatters  for  $1,500,000.— 
Cottrell  fume  process  inaugurated  at 
Coram,  California. 

Oct.  18 — Four  miners  killed  at  Cleve- 
hind  Cliffs'  North  Lake  iron  mine  near 
Ishpeming,  Mich. — Explosion  in  Sigfried 
potash  mine,  at  Sarstedt,  Prussia,  kills  15 
men. 

Oct.  30 — Reported  that  large  interests 
are   going   into   the    Porcupine   camp. 

Oct.  31 — Announcement  of  the  sale  of 
the  Sinaloa  smelting  concession  to  Pa- 
cific Smelting  and  Mining  Company  of 
New  York. 


Consolidated  Mining  and  Smelting 
Company 


Chronology  of  Mining  for  October, 
1910 

Oct.  1 — Announcement  of  the  discovery 
of  important  bodies  of  oxidized  zinc  ore 
in  the  Leadville,  Colo.,  mines. 

Oct.  3 — Explosion  due  to  defective  ex- 
plosives at  Palau  coal  mine.  Las  Esperan- 
zas,  Coah.,  Mexico,  kills  more  than  70 
miners. 

Oct.  8 — Explosion  in  coal  inine  at 
Starkville,  Colo.,  60  killed  -Chemung 
mine  in  New  Mexico  ceases  development 
temporarily. — Five  killed  in  Rebaje  shaft 
of  Sirena  mine  at  Guanajuato  by  a  slide. 
—  First  shipment  of  asbestos  from  the  Wy- 
oming  district. 

Oct.  10 — Fire  destroyed  the  Magna 
Ghana  mine  buildings  at  Butte,  Mont. 

Oct.  15- -Announcement  of  sale  of  the 
Hidalgo  Mining  Company  properties,  in- 


Nevada  Consolidated  Copper 
Company 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Nevada 
Consolidated  Copper  Company  was  held 
in  Portland,  Me.,  on  Nov.  1,  1910.  For- 
mer president  James  Phillips,  Jr.,  and 
C.  H.  Kuhn  resigned  from  the  board  of 
directors,  S.  R.  Guggenheim  and  J.  N. 
Steele  being  elected  to  take  their  places. 
The  board  now  consists  of  Murray  Gug- 
genheim, S.  R.  Guggenheim,  S.  W. 
Eccles,  C.  M.  McNeill,  Charles 
Hayden,  D.  C.  Jackling,  W.  B.  Thompson, 
W.  E.  Bennett,  Judd  Stewart,  J.  N. 
Steele  and  W.  H.  Smith.  The  first  seven 
are  also  directors  of  the  Utah  Copper 
Company. 

After  paying  the  regular  dividend  and 
allowing  for  depreciation  on  the  Steptoe 
Valley  smelting  plant,  there  remained  a 
net  surplus  of  S280,308  for  the  last  quar- 
ter of  the  year,  and  a  total  surplus  of  $2,- 
557,062.  The  production  for  the  last 
quarter  has  been:  July,  6,896,429  lb.; 
August,  6,052,621  lb.;  September,  5.151- 
208  lb.;  total,  18,100,258  lb.  The  ore  for 
these  three  months  averaged  2.26  per 
cent,  copper,  and  the  cost  of  production 
is  stated  to  have  been  6.8c.  per  lb.  of 
fine  copper,  or  7.05c.  for  the  year.  The 
estimated  ore  reserves  amount  to  40,360,- 
823  tons  averaging  1.70  per  cent,  copper 
or  686,133  tons  of  metal. 


Davis-Daly  Copper  Company 


The  report  for  this  company  owning 
mines  at  Butte,  Mont.,  for  the  year  ended 
June  30,  1910,  shows  8209  ft.  of  develop- 
ir.cnt  work  done  on  the  Colorado  shaft 
with  soine  promising  ore  discovered  on 
the  1500-ff.  level.  Lessees  working  on 
the  Silver  King  claim  have  also  found 
good  ore,  but  these  seem  to  be  the  only 
encouraging  strikes. 

The  income,  exclusive  of  the  assess- 
ment, was  S93,737;  expenses  5444,723, 
and  cash  balance  on  hand  June  30,  1910, 
8544,889.  The  stockholders'  liability  is 
still  SI. 200,000  or  two  dollars  per  share. 
No  statements  are  made  as  to  ore  re- 
serves. 


The  report  of  the  Consolidated  Mining 
and  Stnelting  Company,  of  Canada  for 
the  year  ended  June  30,  1910,  is  lacking 
in  technical  information,  but  fairly  com- 
plete from  the  financial  standpoint. 

A  nit  profit  of  S309,945  was  earned, 
all  of  which  was  turned  over  to  the  bal- 
ance on  profit  and  loss  account,  which 
now  amounts  to  $671,011,  or  12.08  per 
cent,  on  the  issued  stock,  S5,555,200.  The 
amount  written  off  to  depreciation  was 
SI 75,503,  about  10  per  cent,  of  the  value 
of  the  smelting  and  refining  plants. 

Small  Stocks  on  Hand 

There  were  metals  to  the  extent  of 
$5,911,767  smelted,  most  of  which  were 
promptly  sold,  as  the  stocks  of  metal  in 
storage,  in  transit,  and  in  process 
amounted  to  only  $812,933  on  June  30, 
of  which  almost  one-half  was  in  un- 
smelted  ore. 

Ore  Reserves 

The  ore  reserves  apparently  amount  to 
less  than  400,000  tons  and  nothing  is 
said  as  to  their  metal  tenor.  There  were 
187,125  tons  smelted  during  the  last  fiscal 
year.  No.  7  mine  in  the  Boundary  dis- 
trict and  the  Mollie  Gibson  near  Nelson 
were  acquired  during  the  year,  and  a 
lease  taken  on  the  Sullivan  mine  near 
Kimberley.  The  developed  ores  in  these 
mines  are  estimated  at  about  26,000  tons 
of  a  gross  value  of  $380,000. 

To  date,  the  Consolidated  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company  has  paid  5781,885  in 
dividends,  one  of  1'4  per  cent,  in  No- 
vember, 1907,  being  the  last. 


Lackawanna  Steel  Company 

The  Lackawanna  Steel  Company  makes 
the  following  report  of  its  operations  for 
the  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30: 

I'.iu'.i.  I'.iiu.  Clionges. 

I  n  c  o  m  e     f  r  o  m 

opeiatl. iu» $2,120,221  $4,021,*93    I.  $1,895,209 

I  n  c  t ,  ni  B     from 

investments 241.381       867,000   I.       025,619 

Total $J.3r.7,6l)6  $4,888,493    I.  $2,520,888 

Interest  and  sink- 
ing fund  $1,439,091  $l,.'i8.'i,353    1.  »   H5,6C2 

Depreciation,  etc..       m\,:<U    l,i)10,80«    I.      184,861) 

Total  charges. . .  $2,271  ,r.35  $2,0(12,167    I.  $   330.622 

Surplus $     95,970  $2,286,336   I.  $2.100.:)60 

The  unfilled  orders  as  of  Sept.  30  were 
for  261,031  tons  of  material  of  all  kinds; 
a  decrease  of  144,931  tons  from  last 
year. 


The  cornerstone  of  a  three-story  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  building,  size  65x120  ft.,  being 
erected  by  the  Tennessee  Copper  Com- 
pany for  its  employees  was  laid  on  Oct. 
14,  1910.  It  will  contain  bowling  alleys, 
pool  and  billiard  tables  and  gyinnasium, 
besides  the  usual  class  and  reading  rooms. 


896 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as* 
Large  Mines.      Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


fl 


Starting  a  Ventilating  Fan  Auto- 
matically 


By  S.  a.  Wcrcester* 

The  Conundrum  gold  mine  at  Cripple 
Creek,  Colo.,  now  being  operated  under 
a  lease  to  me,  is  ventilated  by  a  system 
of  my  invention,  being  a  large  fan 
operated  by  a  15  h.p.,  three-phase  induc- 
tion motor.  The  motor  is  started  from 
one  to  two  hours  before  the  shift  goes 
to  work,  so  that  no  gas  will  remain  in 
the  mine  at  "tally."  For  the  first  two  or 
three  weeks  this  starting  was  done  by  a 
miner  who  went  to  the  mine  early  for 
this  purpose.  Later  I  devised  and  put 
in  use  the  arrangement  shown  in  the 
accompanying  sketch,  which  saves  sev- 
eral dolars  each  month,  besides  being 
accurate  and  reliable. 

Starting    Device    Operated    by    Clock 

The  starting  box  A  is  the  ordinary 
starting  compensator  used  with  induction 
motors,  and  has  three  "on"  positions 
and  the  "off"  position.  The  one-day 
weighted  clock  B  is  wound  by  pulling 
down  the  weight  chain  C,  thus  raising 
the  weight  D.  The  marks  on  the  wall 
indicate  the  travel  of  the  weight  per 
hour  and  show  how  far  the  weight 
should  be  raised  to  start  the  fan  within 
a  given  length  of  time.  When  the  motor 
is  stopped,  the  starting  lever  E  is  set 
as  shown,  in  the  "off"  position,  and  is 
held  in  this  position  by  the  releasing 
lever  F.  The  releasing  lever  has  a 
bucket  G  suspended  near  its  outer  end 
and  with  its  bottom  a  little  below  the 
surface  of  the  water  in  the  can  H, 
which  is  an  ordinary  square  5-gal.  oil 
can,  with  the  top  cut  out.  The  bucket 
is  made  from  a  piece  of  6-in.  galvanized 
air  pipe  with  a  wooden  plug  for  a  bot- 
tom; a  hole  about  Vs  in.  in  diameter  is 
bored  through  the  bottom.  The  bail  K 
of  the  bucket,  is  hooked  and  hung  on 
the  trigger  L. 

When  the  clock  weight  D  descends 
and  lowers  the  long  arm  of  the  trigger, 
the  bucket  is  unhooked  and  drops,  carry- 
ing down  the  releasing  lever  F  far 
enough  to  allow  the  starting  weight  M, 
which  is  fast  to  the  handle  E  and  moves 
with  it,  to  drop  one  notch,  bringing  the 
compensator  to  the  first  "on"  position. 
The  bucket  now  sinks  slowly  as  the 
water  enters  through  the  small  hole  in 
its   bottom,    requiring    18   sec.    to    lower 


the  releasing  lever  so  as  to  pass  the 
second  step  of  the  weight  M,  and  12  sec. 
more  to  release  the  third,  or  full-speed 
step,  30  sec.  being  required  to  bring 
the  fan  to  full  speed.  The  water  has 
a  little  oil  on  its  surface  to  prevent 
evaporation.  The  operation  of  this  ar- 
rangement is  independent  of  manual 
skill  and  care  and  assures  an  easy  and 
reliable  start,  with  no  danger  of  throw- 
ing the  belt  off  or  burning  out  fuses. 

Satisfactory    Ventilation    Has    Made 

Possible  the  Operation  of  the 

Mine 

The  fan  draws  air  from  the  surface 
through  a  long  tunnel.  It  is  situated  in 
a  short  crosscut   from  the  tunnel  to  the 


•Mechanical    engineer,    Victor,   Colo. 


Automatic  Starter  for  Ventilating 
Fan 

hoist  shaft  and  about  150  ft.  below  the 
underground  electric-hoist  station.  The 
air  current  is  forced  directly  down  the 
main  hoisting  shaft.  The  engineer  visits 
the  fan  usually  once  each  day,  to  see 
that  the  oil  is  feeding  properly,  and  no 
further  attention  is  required,  except  stop- 
ping and  setting  the  starter  for  the 
proper  time. 

Before  this  ventilation  system  was  in- 
stalled the  mine,  which  has  about  three 
miles  of  workings,  was  often  entirely 
filled  with  mine  gas,  from  the  seventh 
level  to  the  adit-tunnel  entfance,  a 
vertical  distance  of  about  800  ft.  The 
seventh  level  was  inaccessible  in  even 
the  most  favorable  weather  and  the  gas 
zone  was  more  than  150  ft.  deep  in  all 


ordinary  weather.  One  or  more  men  had 
been  killed  in  this  mine  by  the  gas  which 
contains,  by  Government  analysis,  10 
per  cent,  of  carbon  dioxide.  The  mine 
had  been  practically  abandoned  for  five 
years  on  account  of  the  gas.  The  venti- 
lation is  now  perfect  in  all  parts  of  the 
mine,  and  completely  independent  of 
weather  conditions.  The  fungus  or  mold 
which  was  at  first  found  throughout  the 
mine,  has  all  dried  up  and  disappeared, 
and  the  air  is  cool  and  pleasant;  candles 
will  burn  in  all  parts  of  the  workings. 


A  Useful  Pump    Formula 


By   a.   Livingstone   Oke* 


Some  years  ago,  while  in  charge  of 
the  work  of  unwatering  the  mine  in  Port- 
ugal, I  noticed  the  following  simple  re- 
lation between  the  tons  of  water  deliv- 
ered per  hour  by  the  pump  and  the  di- 
ameter in  inches  of  the  pump  plunger,  or 
piston: 

Tons  per  hour  equal   the  plunger  dis- 
placement  in   cubic    feet  per  hour  times 
the  weight  of  a  cubic  foot  of  water  divid- 
ed by  the  number  of  pounds  in  a  ton. 
_      d^y  22  X  100X60  y  62. s       ,,  ,^ 

4X  7X  144  X  2000 
or  only  2.3  per  cent,  more  short  tons 
than  the  square  of  the  plunger  diameter 
in  inches.  For  the  long  ton  the  value  is 
d'  X  0.924,  or  7.6  per  cent,  less  than  the 
square  of  the  plunger  diameter  in  inches. 

These  factors  are  based  on  the  as- 
sumption that  the  piston  speed  is  100  ft. 
per  min.,  which  is  that  usually  adopted 
in  ordinary  reciprocating  steam  and  other 
pumps.  In  any  case  the  formula  is  eas- 
ily applied  by  multiplying  the  speed  and 
dividing  by  100.  It  will  be  seen  then  that 
the  square  of  the  diameter  of  a  pump 
plunger  expressed  in  inches  is  nearly  the 
same  as  the  short  tons  it  will  deliver 
in  an  hour,  neglecting  slip.  In  dealing 
with  long  tons,  this  amount  should  be 
reduced  by  one-tenth,  thus  an  8-in.  pump 
will  deliver  (8  X  8) —6.4  =  57.6  long 
tons,  wihch,  in  most  cases,  will  be  rather 
over,  than  under,  the  actual  amount  on 
account  of  slip  in  the  valves.  In  short 
tons  it  is  quite  close  enough  to  say  that  it 
is  simply  the  square. 

Formula  Applicable  to  Pipe  Discharge 

This    formula    is    applicable    to    pipes 

when    the    rate    of   flow    per    minute    is 


•Resident  manaRer,  Argentine  &  General 
Exploration  Company,  Rodeo.  San  ,Tuan,  Ar- 
gentina. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


897 


known.  Thus  a  4-in.  pipe,  through  which 
the  water  is  flowing  at  400  ft.  per  min. 
is  delivering  4  X  4  X  4  =  64  tons  of 
water  per  hour.  In  approximations 
where  the  spouting  velocity  and  nozzle 
diameter  are  known,  the  values  obtained 
will  be,  of  course,  a  little  high,  but  the 
fonr!i:la  affords  a  means  whereby  a  rapid 
calc  lation  gives  a  quantitative  appro.v- 
imation.  I  have  often  found  this  for- 
mul.T  surprisingly  useful  when  e.xamin- 
ing  mines  where  numerous  small  pumps 
are  in  use,  and  also  in  rapidly  approxi- 
mating the  capacity  of  pipe  lines. 


fitted  into  the  open  space  that  is  left 
before  the  timbers  of  the  extra  compart- 
ment are  added.  This  system  has  been 
adopted  in  several  places  in  the  Globe 
district  and  has  proved  quite  satisfac- 
tory. 


Top    and    Bottom   Drilling  in  Pig 
Copper 


By   Donald   M.   Liddell* 


Method  of  Extending  Shaft  Timbers 

BV    D.    A.    McMlLLEN* 


In  timbering  shafts  it  is  often  neces- 
sary to  devise  some  means  of  convert- 
ing an  end  plate  into  a  divider  and   ex- 


It  seems  to  be  an  established  fact  in 
the  sampling  of  copper  bars  that  samples 
taken  by  drilling  from  the  top  of  the  bars 
will  not  check  with  those  obtained  from 
the  bottom. 

There  is  no  fixed  rule  in  the  case,  that 
is,  all  samples  drilled  from  the  bottom  are 
not  richer  than  those  drilled  from  the 
top,  although  the  majority  of  pimple- 
copper  samples  seem  to  be,  so  that  one 


E.xtension  of  Wall     ^^-^1- 
g.  Plate  used  in  Enlarged  ^^ 
Shaft. 


Wall  Plate 


y%,. 


Post 


'\^/VfJ^AMU;M, 


The  EnginetHng  J 
itintnu  Journal 


in  the  course  of  drilling  several  lots, 
whereas  the  richness  of  top  over  bottom 
or  bottom  over  top  remains  fairly  con- 
sistent in  any  given  brand  of  copper. 
The  accompanying  table  shows  the  dif- 
ferences springing  from  this  source. 

The  differences  appear  to  arise  chiefly 
from  the  following  causes.  When 
the  drill  strikes  the  copper  it  produces 
fine  dust  for  the  first  few  revolutions. 
This  dust  is,  as  a  rule,  much  richer  than 
the  average  of  the  drill  hole,  and  being 
caught  by  the  unevenness  of  the  surface 
in  pimple  metal  is  not  brushed  into  the 
sample,  so  that  the  sample  taken  by  drill- 
ing from  the  top  will  be  too  low  in 
value.  The  bottom  of  the  pig  is  smoother 
and  does  not  hold  the  dust  from  its  sur- 
face to  as  great  an  e.\tent,  nor  does 
blister  copper.  Moreover,  there  is  prob- 
ably a  certain  amount  of  dirt  brushed 
into  the  sample  from  the  top  of  the  pig, 
which  lowers  the  value.  In  drilling  from 
the  bottom  the  drill  will  probably  break 
through  the  last  of  the  hole  carrying  away 
chunks  from  the  surrounding  surface. 
These  are  richer  than  the  average  of  tho 


ASSAY    OF    SKIN    OF    COPPEH 

PIG. 

Depth. 

Ae.  Oz. 

All.  Oz. 

Surface  to  i  in 

in.  to  i  in ,  .  . 

146.2 
129.2 
135.2 
134.2 
134.6 
131.5 
160.0 
100.1 
91.7 

2.58 
2.54 
2  56 

in.  to  i  in 

2  55 

2  56 

in.  to  1  in 

Top  Burs. 

Bottom  Burs      .    . 

2.52 
2.35 
1   44 

2   125 

Framing  for  Shaft  Timbers  to  Allow  for  Additional  Compartment 


rest  of  the  sample  and  consequently  raise 
its  value.  In  drilling  blister  copper  from 
the  top  the  drillings  are  likely  to  be 
thrown  into  the  blister  around  the  drill 
and  escape  getting  into  the  sample,  there- 
by making  it  poorer.  This  can  be  pre- 
vented to  a  great  extent  by  smashing  the 


tending  the  wall  plate  so  as  to  add 
another  compartment.  In  the  ordinary 
procedure,  when  adding  an  extra  shaft 
compartment,  it  is  often  cheapest  to  re- 
timber  entirely  that  portion  of  the  shaft 
which  is  to  be  enlarged,  as  the  ordinary 
wall  plate  serving  for  a  two-compart- 
ment shaft  will  not  do  for  one  of  three 
compartments. 

If  the  end  plate  of  the  two-compart- 
ment shaft  is  framed  in  the  beginning, 
as  shown  in  the  accompanying  diagram 
at  A  and  the  wall  plate  on  the  side  to 
be  extended  as  B,  it  is  comparatively 
easy  to  add  an  extension  C  to  the  wall 
plate  and  to  fit  these  together,  making 
the  timbers  B  and  C  act  as  wall  plates, 
and  /I  as  a  divider  instead  of  an  end 
plate.  The  scheme  thus  simply  resolves 
itself  into  a  matter  of  cutting  the  wall 
plate  R-C  into  two  parts  that  can  be 
afterward  fitted  together.  A  block  to 
conform  with  the  shape  of  D  is  usually 


DIFFERENCES   IN  TOP  AND  BOTTOM  SAMPLING. 


CoPPEK,  Pkr  Ce.vt 

Drilled    from  Top 

"     Bottom 

.Silver  Oz. 

Drilled  from  Top 

"     Bottom 

Gold  Oz. 

Drilled  from  Top 

"    Bottom 


A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

99.085 
98.977 

98.986 
99.058 

99.068 
98.896 

9S.872 
98.805 

98.356 
98.290 

36.70 
37.54 

50.49 
50.40 

71.40 
73.72 

96.02 
95.815 

240.01 
238  85 

13.468 
13.539 

.874 
.875 

.496 
.514 

15.953 
15.883 

7.677 
7.632 

99.027 
9!) .  095 


35 .  55 
34.05 


1.296 

1.281 


Each  of  the  above  represents  an  average  of  live  to  twenty  lots.     A.  B  and  C,  pimple 
(inl.sh.      D,    E   and   F,   blister   fmlsh. 


might  be  led  into  thinking  that  the  differ- 
ence was  simply  due  to  a  different  order 
of  drill  holes  with  regard  to  the  pigs,  i.e., 
that  if  the  pigs  were  numbered  I,  2,  3, 
etc.,  and  the  templet  holes  correspond 
to  this  order  on  the  first  drilling,  that  in 
drilling  again,  hole  No.  3  might  fall  in 
pig  No.  I,  etc..  producing  a  small  assay 
variation.  However,  if  this  were  the  case, 
the  matter  would  probably  even  itself  up 


•MlnlnR  enslneer,   Glohe,   Ariz. 


•Editorial   staff,   Eng.  and   Min.  Joukn. 


blisters  down  with  a  heavy  hammer  be- 
fore  beginning   the   drilling. 

Concerning  the  rich  "skin"  of  a  copper 
pig,  the  accompanying  table  of  assays 
may  be  of  interest,  the  samples  being 
taken  by  removing  one  layer  after  an- 
other of  a  pig. 

The  last  three  results  were  obtained  by 
picking  out  all  burs  obtained  from  the  top 
and  all  burs  from  the  bottom  of  a  com- 
plete lot. 

It  seems  needless   further  to  multiply 


898 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


examples,  the  general  conclusion  being 
that  in  copper  bars  there  exists  a  thin 
skin  on  both  the  top  and  bottom  of  the 
pig,  vihich  is  very  much  richer  than  the 
inside,  and  that  any  sampling  which  does 
not  allow  for  this  fact  will  be  more  or 
less  incorrect.  It  seems  as  far  as  my 
experiments  go,  that  in  pimple-copper, 
samples  obtained  by  drilling  from  the  top 
will  be  richer  than  those  obtained  by 
drilling  from  the  bottom,  while  the  re- 
verse seems  true  in  blister.  From  fur- 
nace runs  on  weighed  material  it  also 
seems  to  be  established  that  neither  sam- 
ple is  correct,  but  that  the  average  results 
obtained  by  drilling  one-half  from  the  top 
and  one-half  from  the  bottom  will  be 
close  to  t'.-e  truth.  With  anodes  ( fur- 
nace-rcP.r.ed  copper)  there  seems  to  be 
little  difference  between  sampls  obtained 


Mine   Eductors 


BV    OSKAR    Nacel* 

The  lifting  of  large  quantities  of  wa- 
te»,  a  problem  of  great  importance  in 
mining,  is  mostly  performed  by  means 
of  pumos.  In  places,  however,  where" 
the  space  available  is  insufficient  for  the 
installation  of  a  pump,  the  water-jet 
eductor.  Fig.  1,  is  the  proper  machine  to 
use.  The  pressure  water  enters  the  educ- 
tor at  P.  Passing  through  a  nozzle,  it 
creates  a  vacuum,  and  raises  the  water 
by  suction  at  S,  discharging  the  entire 
volume  of  liquid  at  D.  These  eductors 
are  designed  to  raise  water  by  means  of 
high-pressure  water,  and  ere  used  as  fol- 
lows: 

(1).     Water   collecting   at   a   consider- 


of  eductors.  Even  with  a  low  fall  the 
eductor  retains  its  capacity  for  high  suc- 
tion up  to   16  ft.  and  above. 

The  advantages  of  eductors  for  sinking 
shafts  have  caused  their  application  in 
connection  with  high-pressure  pumps. 
Fig.  4  shows  such  a  plant.  D  is  the 
discharge,  E  the  eductor,  P  the  pressure 
line  from  pump  creating  water  pressure. 
This  method  has  the  following  advan- 
tsgeous  features:  It  is  easy  to  handle 
the  apparatus,  as  only  small  diameter  of 
piping  and  small  weights  are  to  be  taken 
into  consideration;  the  small  space  re- 
quired, and,  above  all,  the  free  working 
space;  positive  working,  due  to  the  ab- 
sence of  moving  parts;  the  apparatus 
works  with  equal  sureness  in  case  the 
water  does  not  flow  sufficiently  to  the 
shaft. 


by  top  and  by  bottom  drilling,  yet  even 
here  it  is  probably  best  to  drill  half  from 
the  top  and  half  from  the  bottom. 


Supporting  Trolley  Wires 


In  the  new  equipment  at  the  Schley 
mine,  Gilbert,  Minn.,  all  the  troUev 
wires  in  the  main  haulage  ways  are  sup- 
ported by  2xl0-in.  planks,  fastened  to  the 
caps  and  lo  these  the  wire  supports  arc 
fastened.  After  the  wire  is  in  place, 
2x8-in.  planks  are  nailed  to  the  2x10, 
forming  an  inverted  trough.  This  trough 
serves  four  purposes:  A  rigid  support 
for  the  wire;  protects  the  wire  from 
falling  rock;  makes  it  almost  impossible 
for  a  laborer  to  come  in  contact  with  the 
wire;  and  gives  a  good  place  for  the 
trolley  pole  to  run,  which  will  prevent 
breakages. 


Types  of  Mine  Eductors 


able  altitude  is  used  to  raise  water  which 
has  collected  further  down,  both  being 
discharged  at  a  medium  level,  thus  per- 
mitting flow  off  through  horizontal  cut- 
tings down  a  hillside,  or  to  a  pumping 
engine. 

(2).  In  a  similar  manner  the  water 
from  a  condenser  of  an  underground 
pumping  engine  may  be  raised  with  ad- 
vantage. 

(3).  Even  if  the  pressure  should  have 
an  available  head  of  but  a  few  yards, 
it  is  possible  to  effect  a  considerable 
suction  which  is  particularly  useful  in 
tunneling. 

Fig.  2  shows  an  installation  and  illus- 
trates the  simple  manner  in  which  an 
eductor  may  be  installed  in  the  smallest 
possible  space.  E  is  the  eductor,  O  the 
suction  hose.  P  the  main  pump.  Fig.  3 
shows  how  in  a  turbine  installation  the 
fall  of  a  river  may  be  utilized  by  means 


•r'onsnltin;;    rhomical    cniiinopr,    I".    O,    r.ox 
.■!.<»n.   New  Yoik. 


Fig.  5  shows  the  eductor  in  a  shaft  tak- 
ing the  head-water  from  the  surface  and 
discharging  into  an  upper  gangway. 
From  the  flume  H  on  the  surface,  the  wa- 
ter flows  to  the  eductor  £  and  lifts  the 
water  from  sump  S,  discharging  into  the 
gangway,  or  passage   G. 

These  mine  eductors  are  used  by: 
Thomas  Shelton  (Engelbach  Machin- 
ery Company),  Leadville,  Colo.;  Com- 
pania  de  Santa  Gertrudis,  S.  A.,  Pachuca, 
Hidalgo,  Mexico;  Beneto  Juarez  Mines 
Company,  Salivas,  Mexico;  Arizon.n- 
Parral  Mining  Company,  Denver,  Colo- 
rado. 


Magnesite  is  now  being  mined  at  Gren- 
ville,  in  Argenteuil  county,  Quebec.  The 
deposit  is  said  to  be  large  and  of  good 
quality;  but  production  is  limited  by  lack 
of  transportation.  The  mine  is  13  miles 
from  the  railroad  and  the  road  is  very 
had. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


899 


Vacuum   Filter  for  Zinc  Box 
Slimes 

Bv  L^oN  Smith* 

A  vacuum  filter  for  use  in  small  leach- 
ing plants,  where  it  is  not  expedient  to 
install  a  filter  press,  is  shown  in  accom- 
panying drawing.  The  filter  box  is  con- 
structed of  two-inch  boards,  preferably 
redwood  or  fir,  which  are  held  tightly 
together  by  diawbolts.  The  inside  wood- 
en frame  is  for  the  support  of  the  iron 
screen  over  which  is  placed  an  8-oz. 
canvas  filter  cloth.  The  canvas  is  cut 
about  5  in.  larger  than  the  screen  and  is 
held  in  place  by  rope  calking  around  the 


Carbon  Dioxide  Criterion  for 
Ventilation 

Recognizing  the  serious  consequence 
of  insufficient  ventilation  to  workers  in 
the  Transvaal  mines,  the  Mining  Regula- 
tions Commission  has  made  a  number  of 
excellent  recommendations  for  the  better- 
ing of  underground  conditions.  The  legal 
maximum  for  noxious  carbon-dioxide,  is 
fixed  at  eight  parts  by  volume  in  10,000 
of  air;  in  addition  four  parts  represent- 
ing innocuous  CO,  present  in  the  atmos- 
phere, three  parts  where  candles  or  sim- 
ilar illuminations  are  used,  and  five  parts 
in  order  to  meet  the  difficulties  of  practi- 
cal administration  in  regard  to  possible 
innocuous    gas    from    country    rock    and 


Elevation 


■To  Vacuum  Pump 


-llj  Space  for  /^     (^P  ' 

Rope  Calking.       .^^^^^^-L^ 

Outlet 


T)tt  E^yinttnng  iMinityrJni  rm*( 


Vacuum   Filter  for  Zinc-box  Slimes 


taken  at  considerable  depth.  The  maxi- 
mum permissible  amount  of  carbon  mon- 
oxide, CO,  in  any  part  of  a  mine  is  not 
to  exceed  0.01  per  cent,  and  no  practic- 
ally determinable  amount  of  NO;  shall  be 
permitted  in  any  part  of  the  mine. 

Quality  Not  Quantity  of  Air  Supply 
Is  Vital 
The  commission  seems  to  recognize 
that  the  application  of  the  existing  Trans- 
vaal laws  on  the  subject  of  mine  ventila- 
tion is  open  to  serious  practical  difficul- 
ties. The  quantity  standard  (70  cu.ft. 
of  air  per  man  per  min.)  is  judged  as 
less  satisfactory  than  one  of  quality.  The 
quantity  of  carbon  dioxide  present  is  ac- 
cepted as  bearing  a  roughly  constant  pro- 
portion to  the  amount  of  impurity  present 
and  the  carbon  dioxide  is  considered  the 
best  criterion  of  the  sufficiency  of  ventil- 
ation. 


:dges.  An  ordinary  distillate  or  gaso- 
ene  drum  makes  an  excellent  storage 
ank. 

OPERATION    OF    FlLTER 

The  slimes  from  the  cleanup  vat  are 
elivered  to  the  filter  and  the  clear  water 
asses  to  the  storage  drum,  from  which 

is  drawn  off  to  waste,  or,  if  desired,  it 
lay  be  conducted  back  into  the  system. 
he  slimes  are  reduced  to  about  30  to  33 
er  cent,  moisture  and  are  then  removed 
1  the  drier.  A  cleanup  from  a  4-ton 
ettling  tank,  from  which  about  three  tons 
f  clear  solution  is  first  pumped  off,  can 
made  in  from   four  to  five  hours. 

•Jllnlns   fnclncpr.   rorloz,    .Mexico. 


Other  uncertain  sources,  are  allowed.  The 
total  limit  is,  therefore,  20  parts  of 
CO,  per  10,000  of  air.  In  the  Lyden- 
burg  district,  where  there  is  geologically 
strong  presumptive  evidence  of  a  produc- 
tion of  ground  Cd,  further  investigation 
is  recommended  and  an  allowance  of  1 
per  cent,  maximum  by  volume  CO-  in  the 
mine  air  is  made. 

Limits  for  Carbon  Monoxide  and 
Nitrogen  Dioxide 

It  is  stipulated  in  the  recommendations 
that  samples  for  testing  purposes  be  tak- 
en not  less  than  one  hour  after  blasting. 
No  allowance  is  to  be  made  for  the  alti- 
tude of  the  land,  as  affecting  the  allow- 
able CO,  limit,  as  many  samples  will  be 


Drill  Sharpening  Underground 

As  the  sharpening  of  drills  under- 
ground is  becoming  the  common  practice 
in  a  number  of  our  large  mines,  it  is 
interesting  to  hear  the  report  of  the 
committee  of  the  Mining  Regulations 
Commission  of  Transvaal  that  investi- 
gated this  subject.  The  Blacksmiths' 
and  Drill-sharpeners'  Association  of  the 
Transvaal  placed  before  the  commission 
a  communication  setting  forth  their  ob- 
jections to  the  sharpening  of  drills  be- 
ing carried   on   underground. 

Investigations  were  made  with  refer- 
ence to  the  matter,  and  as  a  result  the 
commission'  gives  its  opinion  that  in  no 
case  ought  the  sharpening  of  drills  to  be 
permitted  underground,  where,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  inspector  of  mines,  such 
work  would  be  unhealthy.  It  is,  how- 
ever, recognized  that,  although  the  in- 
crease in  cost  from  having  this  class  of 
work  done  on  the  surface  is  not  great, 
when  the  conditions  underground  are 
healthy,  there  can  be  no  valid  reason  why 
such  work  should  not  be  done  under- 
ground. In  other  words,  the  sharpening 
of  drills  underground  does  not  neces- 
sarily create  unhealthy  conditions,  and 
the  determining  point  is  the  actual  re- 
sulting underground  conditions  when 
sharpening    is    being    done    there. 


Wages  in  San  Juan  Mines,  Colorado 

A  prominent  mining  company  in  the 
San  Juan  district  of  Colorado  reports  the 
following  scale  of  mine  wages:  Shift 
bosses  $5;  diamond-drill  men,  $6;  pipe- 
fitters, carpenters  and  blacksmiths,  S4.50; 
machine-drill  men,  timberers,  engineers, 
pumpmen,  and  drill  sharpeners,  S4;  black- 
smiths' helpers  and  teamsters,  S3.25;  min- 
ers, trammers,  muckers,  timbermen's 
helpers,  diamond-drill  helpers,  and  sur- 
face laborers,  S3.  All  except  teamsters, 
carpenters  and  surface  laborers  have  an 
eight-hour  day,  these  three  classes  work- 
ing nine  hours. 


900 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


German  Miners'  Insurance  and  Annuity  Funds— II 

Average  Invalidity  Pension,  $75.      Average  Duration  of  Pension,  about 
Eight    Years.      The     Average    Death     Rate,    58     per     Thousand 

BY    FREDERICK     L.     HOFFMAN* 


The  General  Mine  Workers'  Union,  of 
Boclium,  Germany,  has  a  general  pension 
fund,  which  includes  83  per  cent,  of  the 
entire  membership,  which,  in  1909,  num- 
bered 289,060,  including  9384  officials. 
All  the  workmen  and  officials  who,  ac- 
cording to  the  law  are  members  of  the 
Sick  Fund,  that  is,  exclusive  of  those 
who  are  voluntarily  members  thereof,  are 
members  of  the  pension  fund,  provided 
they  have  attained  to  16  years  of  age  and 
are  not  over  40.  A  medical  examination 
is  required.  A  waiting  period  of  five 
years  is  necessary  before  a  member  is 
entitled  to  benefits.  The  members  are 
divided  into  active  members,  and  mine 
invalids,  which  constitute  the  members 
dependent  upon  the  benefits  of  the  fund. 
Invalids  are  all  such  as  are  no  longer 
qualified  for  physical  labor,  but  the  terra 
cannot  be  exactly  defined. 

The  amount  of  the  pension  depends 
upon  the  length  of  mine  employment, 
including  however,  the  period  during 
which  members  have  been  dependent 
upon  the  sick  fund  as  well  as  the  time 
of  compulsory  military  service.  The 
claim  to  a  pension  commences  with  the 
day  of  the  physical  disability  or  labor 
incapacity.  The  pension  includes  free 
medical  treatment,  medicine,  and  insti- 
tutional treatment  in  convalescent  homes. 
The  nature  of  the  pension  is  either  a 
definite  payment  to  the  pensionable  em- 
ployee or,  in  the  event  of  his  death,  to 
his  widow,  children  or  other  immediate 
dependent.  In  the  event  of  death  an 
amount  siuTicient  for  decent  burial  ex- 
penses is  paid. 

Employers  and  Employees  Contribute 
Equal  Amounts 

The  contributions  to  the  pension  fund 
are  the  same  from  both  employers  and 
employees.  In  1909,  289,060  members  of 
the  fund  paid  14,806,164  marks  ($3,523,- 
867),  which,  including  the  corresponding 
amount  paid  by  the  mine  owners  or  em- 
ployers, gives  a  total  of  29,612,329  marks 
(87,047,734).  Of  this  sum  2,256,331 
marks  (5537,007  I  was  on  account  of  mine 
officials,  half  of  which,  however,  was  paid 
by  the  mine  owners  or  employers.  Of 
every  100  marks  (S23.80)  paid  in  con- 
tributions, 92.38  marks  ($22)  was  paid 
by  the  workmen,  or  by  the  employers  on 
their  account. 

In  1909  there  were  32,012  invalidity 
pensioners,  of  which  5656  were  such  on 
account  of  accidents,  and  26,356  on  ac- 


•Slntlstlclnn.      Prndontial      Life      InHiirnncp 
CompHny.    Newark.    N.   .T. 


count  of  sickness.  Of  the  32,012  pen- 
sioners, 1416,  or  4.42  per  cent,  were  mine 
officials.  Of  every  100  active  members 
there  were  in  1909,  11.1  pensioners,  of 
which  2.0  were  pensioners  on  account 
of  accidents  and  9.1  on  account  of  sick- 
ness. On  account  of  the  much  higher 
age  of  mine  officials  and  their  lesser  de- 
gree of  occupation  exposure,  the  propor- 
tionate amount  of  accident  invalidity  was 
only  0.6  per  100,  against  2.0  for  the 
workmen,  while  the  sickness  invalidity 
rate  was  14.5  per  100  for  mine  officials 
against  8.9  for  mine  workmen. 

Number  of  Pensions  for  Sickness  Far 
Exceeds  Those  for  Accidents 
The  32,012  invalidity  pensioners  in 
1909  had  a  legal  claim  to  10,089,556 
marks  (52,401,314)  of  pension  payments. 
Of  this  sum  1,110,221  marks  (5264,233) 
was  payable  on  account  of  accident  in- 
validity and  8,979,335  marks  (52,137,- 
082)  on  account  of  sickness  invalidity. 
Because  of  the  intimate  relations  between 
the  Employers'  Mutual  Accident  Insur- 
ance Association,  established  in  accord- 
ance with  the  compulsory  insurance  laws, 
the  pension  fund  is  reimbursed  to  the 
extent  that  accident  pensions  are  payable 
to  the  fund.  The  refund  is  not  exactly 
the  equivalent  of  the  total  outgo  en  this 
account,  but  the  difference  is  not  appar- 
ently of  material   importance. 

Accident  Benefit  Averages  Less  Than 
Sickness  Benefit 

The  average  invalidity  pension  paid  in 
1909  was  315.18  marks  (575).  The  av- 
erage pension  paid  on  account  of  acci- 
dent invalidity,  however,  was  only  196.29 
marks  (546.72),  against  340.69  marks 
(581.08)  paid  on  account  of  every  sick- 
ness-invalidity pension.  The  average 
pension  paid  on  account  of  either  acci- 
dent or  sickness  invalidity  to  mine  offi- 
cials was  630.96  marks  ($150.17),  while 
the  average  .invalidity  pension  paid  to 
mine  workmen  was  300.57  marks  (571.- 
53).  The  amounts  paid  have  gradu- 
ally increased  on  account  of  more  liberal 
legal  requirements.  In  1909,"  of  every 
100  marks  (523.80)  paid  out  on  account 
of  accident  pensions,  85.81  marks 
(520.42)  was  paid  by  the  Mine  Owners' 
Mutual  Accident  Insurance  Association, 
and  14.19  marks  ($3.38)  by  the  Em- 
ployers and  F.mployees'  Mutual  Pension 
Fund. 

The  number  of  new  invalids  during  the 
year  was  4167,  or  at  the  rate  of  14.42  per 
1000.  The  annual  increment  on  account 
of  accident  invalidity  pensions  was  3.04 


per  1000,  and  on  account  of  sickness  in- 
validity pensions  11.38  per  1000.  The 
increment  on  account  of  new  pensions 
granted  to  mine  officials  was  18.01  per 
1000,  and  on  account  of  mine  workmen 
14.29.  The  higher  rate  of  increment  in 
the  case  of  mine  officials  is  chiefly  on  ac- 
count of  sickness  invalidity,  due  large- 
1\  to  the  higher  average  age  and,  of 
course,  to  the  fact  that  most  of  the  offi- 
cials have  more  than  completed  the  wait- 
ing period  of  five  years. 

Average  Age  of  New  Pensioners  43.5 
Years 

The  average  age  at  which  pensions 
were  granted  in  1909  was  43.5  years,  or 
52  years  for  mine  officials  and  43.1  years 
for  mine  workmen.  In  the  case  of  mine 
officials  the  average  pensionable  age  on 
account  of  accident  pensions  was  41.1 
years,  and  on  account  of  sickness  pen- 
tions  52.8  years.  The  corresponding  av- 
erages for  mine  workmen  were  33.7 
years  for  accident  invalidity  pensions, 
and  45.8  years  for  sickness  invalidity 
pensions. 

The  average  duration  of  employment 
previous  to  pensioning  was  29.5  years 
for  mine  officials,  and  19.3  years  for 
mine  workmen.  In  the  case  of  mine  offi- 
cials the  duration  of  previous  employment 
was  18.5  years  in  the  case  of  accident- 
invalidity  pension,  and  30.4  in  the  case 
of  sickness-invalidity  pension.  The  cor- 
responding averages  for  mine  workmen 
were  10.1  years  for  accident-invalidity 
pension,  and  21.8  years  for  sickness-in- 
validity pension. 

The  average  amount  of  the  new  pen- 
sions granted  during  1909  was  1142  marks 
(5271.80)  on  account  of  mine  officials, 
and  338  marks  (580.44)  on  account  of 
m.ine  workmen.  The  average  amount  paid 
on  account  of  new  accident  pensions  in 
the  case  of  mine  workmen  was  154.51 
marks  (536.77),  and  on  account  of  sick- 
ness-invalidity pensions  389.34  marks 
(.592.66).  The  experience  during  1909' 
confirms  the  observed  upward  tendency  in  . 
the  amount  of  pensions  granted. 

The  number  of  pensions  during  1909 
was  diminished  by  2869,  of  which  1901 
were  terminated  by  death  and  968  by  re- 
covery of  health  and  wage-earning  capac- 
ity. The  average  death  rate  among  the 
total  number  of  pensioners  was,  therefore, 
5.80  per  100.  while  the  average  recovery 
rate  was  2.95,  and  the  total  pension  ter- 
mination rate  8.75.  For  mine  workmen 
alone  the  death  rate  was  5.69  per  100,  but 
the  death  rate  among  the  sickness  pen- 
sioners was  6.44,  and  among  the  accident 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


901 


pensioners  2.40.  Among  the  same  class 
the  average  invalidity  recovery  rate  was 
3.05  per  100,  but  the  recovery  rate  among 
[he  sickness  pensioners  was  1.69  and 
imong  the  accident  pensioners  9.06. 

Average  Ace  at  Death  of  Pensioner 
ABOUT  60  Years 

The  average  age  at  death  was  66.5 
j/ears  for  pensioned  mine  officials,  and 
^8.3  years  for  mine  workmen.  The  av- 
•rage  age  at  recovery  was  37.7  for  mine 
ifficials  and  37  years  for  mine  workmen. 
\mong  the  mine  workmen  only,  consid- 
red  separately,  the  average  age  at  death 
mong  sickness  pensioners  was  59.1 
ears  and  among  accident  pensioners 
8.8  years.  The  average  age  at  recov- 
ry  among  sickness  pensioners  was  38.8 
ears,  and  among  accident  pensioners 
5.5  years.  These  averages  are  quite 
rustworthy  and  they  have  been  main- 
lined  for  a   number  of  years.         They 


are  of  a  decidedly  practical  value  in 
considerations  regarding  the  probable  cost 
of  a  similar  accident  and  invalidity  pen- 
sion scheme  for  the  American  mining 
population. 

Average  Duration  of  Pensions  about 
Eight  Years 

The  average  duration  of  a  pension  for 
all  invalidity  pensioners  during  1909  was 
7.9  years.  The  average  for  the  sickness 
pensioners  was  9.1  years,  and  for  the 
accident  pensioners  4.2  years.  The  av- 
erage duration  of  pensions  terminated 
by  death  was  10.7  years  for  sickness 
pensioners  and  9.4  years  for  accident 
pensioners.  The  corresponding  averages 
for  pensions  terminated  by  recovery  were 
2.7  years  for  sickness  pensioners  and  2.8 
years  for  accident  pensioners.  The  av- 
erages vary  more  or  less  for  mine  offi- 
cials and  workmen,  but  the  differences 
are   not  of  practical   significance   for  the 


present  purpose.  It  may  be  stated,  how- 
ever, that  among  mine  workmen  the  aver- 
age duration  of  all  pensions  was  7.S 
years,  but  for  terminated  sickness  pen- 
sions the  duration  was  8.9  years  against 
4.2  years  for  the  terminated  accident 
pensions.  Sickness  pensions,  however, 
terminated  by  death  were  of  a  duration 
of  10.6  years,  while  accident  pensions 
terminated  by  death  were  of  a  duration 
of  9.3  years.  Sickness  pensions  termin- 
ated by  recovery  were  of  a  dura- 
tion of  2.7  years  and  accident  pensions 
terminated  by  recovery  were  of  a  dur- 
ation of  2.9  years.  The  most  significant 
figure  is  the  long  average  duration,  or 
after-lifetime,  of  mine  workers  seriously 
injured  and  incapacitated  for  work, which 
was  9.3  years  in  the  case  of  accide.it 
pensions,  a  duration  in  marked  contrast 
to  the  3-year  period  which  underlies 
modern  workmen's  compensation  law. 
(To  he  continued) 


La  Rose  Consolidated  Mines  Company 


The  third  annual  report  of  the  La  Rose 
onsolidated  Mines  Company  contains 
e  reports  of  the  treasurer  and  general 
anager  of  the  operating  companies  as 
ell  as  of  the  president  and  treasurer  of 
e  holding  company,  for  the  fiscal  year 
ided  May  31,  1910.     Under  date  of  Oct. 

D.  Lome  McGibbon,  president,  sum- 
arizes  the  company's  operations  for  the 
:ar  at  Cobalt.  The  net  value  of  the 
oduction  for  the  period  under  review 
IS  (3,170,028  oz.)   51,472,005;  the  cost 

producing  silver  was  23.27c.  per  oz. 
id  the  average  selling  price  52.261c.  per 
During  the  year  the  company  paid 
It  of  net  earnings,  dividends  to  the 
lount  of  $900,000,  equivalent  to  12  per 
nt.  on  the  company's  capital  stock,  and 
combined  sulplus  of  $473,740  was  ac- 
mulated  by  the  holding  and  operating 
mpanies.  The  company  employs  more 
in  than  any  other  interest  in  Cobalt. 
The  president  advises  the  stockholders 
at  since  May  31,  ore  reserves  (5,544,- 
9  oz.  at  that  date)  have  been  main- 
ined  and  the  available  cash  assets  have 
en  increased  almost  $200,000.  Several 
^coveries  have  been  made,  notably  the 
e  in  the  Princess  mine  which  is  quite 
iportant.  To  date  the  vein  has  been 
ifted  on  95  ft.  at  the  135-ft.  level  show- 
g  3  in.  of  4000-oz.  ore.  Development 
irk  is  proceeding  on  a  large  scale,  spe- 
ll attention  being  given  to  the  La  Rose 
^tension  and  the  Fisher-Eplett  property. 

Treasurer's  Report 

The  report  of  T.  B.  Pfeiffer,  treasurer 

the  holding  company,  shows  that  the 

:ome     from     dividends     on     5,999,930 

ares,  and  70  directors'  shares,   in  the 


operating  company,  La  Rose  Mines,  Ltd., 
totaled  $909,993  and  adding  the  surplus 
as  of  June  1,  1909,  brings  the  total  in- 
come to  $931,699.  The  expenses  for  the 
year  totaled  $927,918,  of  which  8898,924 
were  paid  as  dividends  on  outstanding 
stock  of  the  La  Rose  Consolidated  Mines 
Company;  administration  expenses 
amounted  to  $28,994.  On  May  31,  a  sur- 
plus of  $3781  showed  on  the  balance 
sheet. 

The  assets  of  the  company  as  of  May 
31,  1910,  were:  the  entire  stock  of  the 
La  Rose  Mines,  Ltd.,  the  Lawson  Mine 
Ltd.  and  the  Violet  Mining  Company, 
valued  at  $7,474,990;  7262  shares  of  the 
University  Mines,  Ltd.,  $18,145;  accounts 
receivable,  $3022;  furniture  and  fixtures, 
S413;  cash  on  hand,  S345;  total,  $7,496,- 
916.  The  liabilities  were  capital  stock 
and  the  surplus. 

General  Manager's  Report 

R.  B.  Watson,  general  manager  of  the 
operating  company,  gives  a  full  resume 
of  the  operations  at  the  mine  during  the 
\ear  under  review.  Shipments  are  stated 
to  have  been  6313.905  dry  tons  (average 
value  per  ton,  $228.38)  containing  3,100,- 
443  oz.  silver  of  a  net  value  of  $1,441,- 
974.  Of  the  total  net  value  75.12  per 
cent,  was  realized  from  silver-cobalt- 
rickel  ore,  13.05  per  cent,  from  low-grade 
silicious  ore  and  1 1.83  per  cent,  from  con- 
centrates. The  average  assay  of  the  sil- 
ver-cobalt-nickel ore  was  1181.98  oz.  sil- 
ver per  ton,  8.71  per  cent,  cobalt  and  7.99 
per  cent,  nickel;  of  the  low-grade  silici- 
ous ore,  133.84  oz.  silver;  concentrates, 
649.79  oz.  silver,  7.10  per  cent,  cobalt 
and  6.36  per  cent,  nickel.    The  gross  sil- 


ver value  plus  cobalt  paid  for  was  $1,- 
650,039;  smelter  deduction,  freight  and 
treatment  amounted  to  $208,065. 

Cost  of  Producing  Silver 

The  segregated  costs  of  producing  sil- 
ver are  as  follows:  Mine  operations, 
14.14c.  per  oz.  of  silver;  concentration, 
1.93c.;  depreciation,  0.3c.;  marketing  ore, 
6.84c.;  corporation  and  traveling  expense, 
0.07c.;  total,  23.28c.  Adding  the  cost  of 
operation  of  the  University  mine  and  de- 
ducting for  rents  collected,  the  total  cost 
of  production  per  ounce  of  silver  figures 
as  23.27c.;  the  total  cost  of  production, 
as  43.90  per  cent,  of  the  gross  value 
of  ore  produced. 

Total  shipments  of  the  La  Rose  Mines, 
Ltd.,  to  May  31,  1910  netted  $4,267,379 
from  the  smelters.  The  company  paid 
previous  to  May  31,  1908,  $1,204,862  in 
profits  to  owners  and  from  that  date  to 
May  31,  1910,  $1,570,000  in  dividends, 
making  the  total  profit  realized  52,774,- 
862. 

Development  Work 

A  summary  of  the  work  done  during 
the  year  on  the  various  properties  shows 
the  following:  Trenching,  5.16  miles; 
sinking  342  ft.;  drifting,  5731  ft.;  cross- 
cutting,  3046  ft.;  raising,  940  ft.;  sloping, 
18.789  cu.yd.  Of  the  total  ground  stoped, 
14,436  cu.yd.,  were  broken  in  the  La 
Rose  mine.  The  year's  output  was  di- 
vided between  the  several  mines  as  fol- 
lows: La  Rose,  5817.4  dry  tons  containing 
2,875,713  oz.  of  silver;  Lawson,  264.9 
tons,  173,730  oz. ;  Princess,  234.1  tons, 
113,146  oz.;  University,  16.9  tons,  7439 
ounces. 


902 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


The  Northern  Customs  Concentrator, 
Ltd.,  after  enlarging  its  mill,  started  in 
September,  1909,  to  treat  the  La  Rose  low- 
grade  ores  and  is  now  handling  100  tons 
per  day.  The  profit  on  the  mill  rock 
for  the  period  amounted  to  3138,218. 

E.XPLOITATION    OF    PROPERTIES 

The  manager  states  that  the  No.  3, 
McDon:;ld  No.  10  and  No.  4  veins  are,  in 
order  of  importance,  the  producing  veins 
on  the  parent  claim.  Worl<ings  on  all 
these  veins  are  connected,  the  ore  being 
hoisted  through  the  central  shaft.  The 
cieshcot  on  the  main  vein  has  been 
proved  for  a  length  of  850  ft.  and  is 
opened  by  two  levels  at  62  ft.  and  157 
ft.  in  depth.  The  shaft  on  No.  3  vein  was 
sunk  to  135-ft.  level  through  the  con- 
glomerate into  the  Keewatin  formation 
and  it  was  found  that  the  vein  persisted 
and  continued  to  be  of  exceptionally  high 
grade.  This  is  unusual  for  the  Cobalt 
camp. 

The   La   Rose   Extension  claim   will   be 


Ore  Reserves 

The  manager  asserts  that  most  of  the 
ore  reserves  shown  in  the  report  are  fully 
developed,  but  that  there  will  always  be 
uncertainty  in  the  estimation  of  reserves 
in  such  rich,  irregular  veins.  The  de- 
veloped and  partly  developed  ore  in  the 
various  properties,  as  of  May  31,  1910, 
was:  La  Rose,  62,122  tons,  4,471,426 
oz. ;  Princess,  3332  tons,  342,841  oz.; 
Lawson,  395  tons,  730,182  oz.;  total,  65,- 
849  tons  containing  5,544,449  oz.  of  sil- 
ver. Of  the  total  2876  tons  containing 
3,088,751  oz.  of  silver  are  considered  as 
high-grade  rock  and  62,973  tons  contain- 
ing 1,655,698  oz.  as  mill  rock. 


Heberlein  roasting  furnaces,  and  12  pots, 
8  ft.  4  in.  diameter.  The  roasting  plant 
has  a  capacity  of  120  tons  per  day.  There 
are  six  blast  furnaces  of  150-tons  capac- 
ity each,  46x162  in.  at  the  tuyeres.  All 
matte  and  clay  are  taken  to  matte-sep- 
arating furnaces,  two  reverberatories  with 
9'jxl9  ft.  hearths,  each  holding  60  to  80 
Ions  of  slag  and  matte.  There  is  an  ar-  j 
senic  plant  with  a  maximum  capacity  of 
1500  tons  of  white  arsenic  per  annum,  but 
the  actual  output  is  dependent  on  the  ores 
melted.  No  technical  operating  details 
are  given. 


The  Zueblin  System  of  Ore  Chutes 


Compania  Minera  de  Penoles 

The  report  for  the  P;fioles  company  for 
the  year  ended  Dec.  31,  1909,  snuws  a 
profit  of  597,141  pesos,  and  total  undivid- 
ed profits  of  612,415  pesos,  an  amount 
decidedly  in  excess  of  the  entire  capi- 
talization  of   the   company   at   that   time. 


Bv   Alfred   Gradenwitz* 


The  drawing  of  ore  and  granular  ma- 
terial from  storage  bins  is  frequently 
subjected  to  annoying  delays  by  the 
blocking  of  the  material  in  the  relatively 
narrow  neck  usually  provided  for  the  dis- 
charge   of    the    material.      A    number  of 


Reinforced-concrete  Ore  Bunkers  and  Transporting  Bridge  of  the  Gelsenkirchen  Company  at  Esch,  Luxemburg 


prospected  underground  as  fast  as  pos- 
sible. The  Lawson  mine  is  stated  to  be 
well  equipped  and  the  claim  is  being 
rapidly  explored;  over  2800  ft.  of  under- 
ground work  was  done  during  the  year. 
Work  on  the  Lawson  is  to  be  pushed  al- 
though showings  have  been  somewhat 
disappointing.  The  University  will  be 
prcrpected  at  a  later  date.  A  special  re- 
port values  this  property  at  SI, 000,000 
and  shows  the  net  deficit  on  operations  to 
date  to  be  $12,972.  The  Fisher- Eplett 
claims  are  now  being  trenched  and  a 
crosscut  driven  into  the  Fisher  claim  from 
the  300- ft.  level  of  the  Shamrock  mine. 
The  formation  of  the  Princess  is  con- 
glomerate. Only  half  the  area  has  been 
explored  and  it  is  proving,  the  manager 
thinks,  to  be  one  of  the  best  pieces  of 
ground  owned  by  the  company.  The  first 
level  at  this  mine  is  at  50  ft.  but  most  of 
the  work  has  been  done  on  the  135-ft. 
level.  The  orebody  of  No.  1  vein  is  120 
ft.  long  on  both  levels  and  consists  of 
good  mill  rock. 


The  directors'  report  states  that  as  no 
construction  work  was  being  carried  on, 
none  contemplated  beyond  equipping  one 
shaft,  and  as  all  installations  were  upto- 
date,  and  ample  in  size,  a  much  larger 
proportion  of  the  gross  earnings  will  be 
distributed  to  the  stockholders  in  the 
future. 

This  promise  has  been  well  kept,  as  300 
per  cent,  on  the  old  capitalization  has 
been  distributed  since  the  beginning  of 
1910.  The  company  has  now  been  reor- 
ganized, the  capitalization  having  been  in- 
creased from  250,000  to  4,000,000  pesos. 

There  are  no  statements  as  -to  ore  re- 
serves except  that  a  new  orebody  in  stated 
to  show  20,000  tons  of  first-class  ore. 
Diamond  drilling,  amounting  to  73,635  m. 
was  done  at  a  cost  of  $0.54  per  m.,  and 
16,449  m.  of  development  work  at  S13.33 
per  m.  Mining  costs  were:  General  ex- 
pense and  power,  S2.475;  exploration  and 
dead  work,  SI. 455;  extraction  of  ore, 
SI.26;  cleaning  ore,  S0.095;  freight  to 
smeltery,  S0.295:  total,  .S5.58. 

There  are   four  revolving  Huntington- 


devices  have  been  designed  for  closing 
the  discharge  openings  of  ore  bunkers, 
but  owing  to  the  narrowness  of  the  open- 
ings, barring  must  nearly  always  be  re- 
sorted to.  The  frequent  interruption  in 
loading  railway  trucks  of  12  to  40  tons 
obviously  involves  a  large  waste  of  time. 
In  the  Minette  iron  district  of  Franc:, 
a  number  of  devices  have  been  tried, 
some  of  which  have  been  successful, 
particularly  where  only  small  quantities 
of  ore  were  handled.  To  facilitate  the  ' 
loading  of  large  quantities  of  material,  a  . 
design  similar  to  the  finger  chute  some- 
times used  underground,  has  been  patent- 
ed by  E.  G.  Ziiblin  S:  Co.,  of  Strasburg. 
As  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustra- 
tion, this  gate  consists  of  a  large  number 
of  self-contained  valves  or  fingers,  load- 
ed with  heavy  counterweights.  The  ore  is 
discharged  from  the  bin  by  lifting  the 
fingers  by  the  aid  of  a  winch,  which  may 
be  either  stationary  or  portable,  and  has 
an  operating  lever  for  each  finger.    The 


'^     HoKPiisbiii'scrstrnsso.     npvlin,     W..    Off- 
mnn.v. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


903 


ze  of  the  hopper  is  designed  with  ref- 
rence  to  the  size  of  the  largest  piece 
f  ore  to  be  handled.  The  Ziiblin  gate  af- 
irds  the  additional  advantage  that  mini- 
um amounts  of  ore  can  be  dropped  by 
fting  a  single  valve  or  finger,  an  ad- 
intage  which  will  be  appreciated  in  con- 
.'ction  with  blast-furnace  charging 
ants  where  cars  are  weighed  and  bal- 
iced  under  the  bin.  In  a  test  made  in 
ading  15-  to  20-ton  cars,  the  time  re- 
lired  for  loading  was  10  to  15  sec.  per 
|ir. 

Installation  of  Zuebl:n   Gates 

These  gates  have  been  installed  by  the 
elsenkirchen  Mining  Company,  at  Esch, 
ixemburg.  The  ore  bunkers  at  this 
ant  are  made  of  reinforced  concrete 
roughout,  and  the  discharge  holes  are 
ovided  with  32  of  these  gates,  control- 
i  by  traveling  winches.    These  concrete 

,  e   bunkers   are   shown    in   the    accom- 

'  nying  halftone  engravings. 


Magnesite  Mining  in  California 

San    Francisco  Correspondence 

The  magnesite  deposits  on  Red  moun- 
tain, California,  at  the  junction  of  Ala- 
meda, Stanislaus  and  Santa  Clara  coun- 
ties, formerly  worked  by  the  Western 
Magnesite  Company,  have  been  leased  for 
50  years  by  a  new  organization  called  the 
Fuller  Red  Mountain  Magnesite  Company, 
of  San  Francisco.  The  deal  includes  the 
mines,  reduction  or  calcining  plant,  trac- 
tion engines,  contracts,  etc.  New  tanks 
for  oil  fuel  for  the  calcining  furnaces 
have  been  ordered,  as  well  as  new-  trac- 
tion engines  for  hauling  the  raw  and  cal- 
cined mineral  from  the  mines  to  the  rail- 
road at  Livermore.  The  directors  of  the 
new  company  are  the  Fuller  brothers,  W. 
Wiley  and  N.  Marcuse,  of  San  Francisco. 
F.  Reanier  is  local  manager.  The  West- 
ern Magnesite  Company  is  not  to  retire 


Tht  £nj/ini:trina  S  Mining  Journal 


ZuEBLiN   Ore   Gate   and   Hopper 


.\nother  equipment  of  Ziiblin   gates  is 

'  ing  installed  for  the  Societe  Civile  des 

.  nes  de  St.  Pierremont,  at  Mancieulles, 

ince.      This     comprises    three    double 

I  tes  of  12  valves  each,  which  will  be  ex- 

'  isively  used    for  loading   railway   cars. 

e   individual    gates    may    be    used    for 

ing  a  10-ton  car,  while  the  double  gate 

ids,   without  shifting,  the   40-ton   cars, 

ich  are  weighed  at  the  bin. 


from  the  field,  but  will  work  other  de- 
posits in  the  same  locality  and  sell  the 
calcined  material. 


Vanadium  in  New  Mexico 


Special  Correspondence 


.\ttorney-General     O'Malley,    of     New 

rk   has   advised    the    State    comptroller 

It  the  shares  of  stock  of  the  Cumber- 

id-EIy   Copper   Company,   which    were 

fjivered    to    the    Nevada     Consolidated 

'  rper  Company  at   its   Boston   office   in 

':hange  for  stock  in  that  company,  and 

i'bsequently   delivered   at   its   New   York 

'Ice   for  transfer  on  the  books  in   New 

rk,  were  subject  to  the  stock-transfer 

<lt.    He  holds  that  the  actual  consumma- 

■lln  of  the  transaction  took  place  in  New 

'  rk  State. 


The  Vanadium  Mines  Company,  oper- 
ating in  the  Caballos  district.  Sierra 
county,  N.  Mex.,  is  developing  the  White 
Swan  mine  and  has  sunk  a  two-compart- 
ment shaft  to  140  ft.,  with  a  150-ft.  drift 
at  the  80-ft.  level.  A  body  of  vanadium- 
bearing  ore  has  been  uncovered  which  is 
said  to  assay  2  per  cent.  V.O  .  The  com- 
pany is  planning  a  reduction  plant  in  ad- 
dition to  its  present  50-ton  concentrat- 
ing mill.  This  pl.-^nt  will  consist  of  one 
calcining  furnace,  10  leaching  and  two 
evaporating  tanks  capable  of  producing 
daily  2000  lb.  of  V.O,.  The  cost  will  be 
about  $100,000  and  the  plant  will  be  at 


Cutter,  on  the  Jornada  del  Meurto,  about 
half  way  between  El  Paso  and  Albuquer- 
que on  the  main  line  of  the  Santa  Fe 
railway,  at  the  junction  of  the  branch 
line  to  Elephant  Butte.  Here  water  can 
be  obtained  at  90  to  110  ft.  A  power 
plant  is  nearly  completed,  which  will  sup- 
ply electric  power  for  the  mill  and  mine. 
The  Vanadium  Queen  Mining  Company 
of  Las  Animas  district  is  completing  its 
plans  for  a  large  concentrating  plant  on 
the  Rio  Perche,  and  it  is  presumed  that 
actual  work  will  begin  soon.  The  hold- 
ings of  this  company  promise  a  large 
production  of  vanadium. 


Oriental  Mining  Company 


The  report  of  this  company  operating 
mines  in  Korea  is  exceptionally  com- 
plete as  regards  information  on  ore 
hoisted  and  treated,  status  of  ore  reserves, 
and  working  costs  and  profits  for  the  fis- 
cal year  ended  June  30,  1910. 

The  dividends  paid  amounted  to  11.5 
per  cent,  on  outstanding  stock,  besides 
which  S90,886  was  added  to  the  undis- 
tributed profits  on  hand,  which  now 
amount  to  12.5  per  cent,  on  the  stock  is- 
sued. Additions  to  the  ore  reserves 
amounted  to  $700,000,  and  prospecting  in 
four  of  the  seven  company  mines  gave 
encouraging  results. 

Total  Costs  Averaged  S2.53  Per  Ton 

The  company  mined  319,885  tons  of 
ore,  on  which  the  mining  costs  varied 
from  S0.775  on  29,180  tons  from  the 
Kuk  San  Dong  South  mine  to  $6.30  on 
1056  tons  from  the  East  Candlestick.  The 
average  was  $1,415. 

The  average  milling  cost  was  S0.545, 
varying  from  $0.46  at  the  Kuk  San  Dong 
to  $1,695  at  the  Candlestick  Mill.  Gen- 
eral expenses  were  $0.,335;  concentrates 
expenses  SO.  13  per  ton  of  ore  mined; 
transportation,  $0,015;  development 
$0,055;  construction  $0.04,  a  total  of 
$2.53,  while  the  total  earnings  were  $4.48 
per  ton  of  ore. 

The  general  average  of  the  ore  was 
$5.43  per  ton,  of  which  $2.76  was  re- 
covered as  free-milling  gold,  and  $2,005 
in  concentrates,  but  of  the  latter  only 
$1.64  was  ultimately  recovered. 

Detailed  Costs 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  cyanide 
plant  treated  29,291  tons  at  a  cost  of 
$1.36,  of  which  $0,591  was  for  cyanide, 
and  $0,086  for  zinc,  and  a  total  cost  of 
supplies  of  $0,885.  Labor  amounted  to 
$0,365,  the  other  15c.  being  for  power, 
shop?,  etc. 

Of  a  total  mining  cost  of  $1,415,  $0,209 
was  for  mine  timbers;  $0,176  for  cord 
wood;  and  $0,107  for  lumber;  included  in 
a  total  of  $0,768  for  supplies.  Labor 
and  salaries  come  to  $0,613  per  ton. 

The  total  value  of  ore  produced  to  date 
by  this  company  is  $14,166,729. 


904 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


Occurrence  of  Tungsten  in  Rand  District,  Cal 

Occurs  Commercially  as  Scheelite.      Plate  Amalgamation  of  Tungsten- 
gold    Ores    Difficult.       Much    Valuable    Ore    Lost    through    Ignorance 

BY     SAMUEL     H^     D  O  L  B  E  A  R* 


Except  at  Atolia,  in  the  southeasterly 
portion  of  the  Rand  mining  district,  of 
California,  where  tungsten  is  being  mined 
as  an  industry  in  itself,  the  occurrence  of 
tungsten  as  scheelite  in  the  ores  of  the 
Rand  mining  district  has  not  been  con- 
sidered of  commercial  importance  until 
recently.  The  distribution  of  tungsten  in 
this  district  does  not  seem  to  be  limited 
to  any  definite  area,  its  existence  having 
been  noted  in  all  parts  of  the  district, 
associated  with  the  gold  ores,  or  inde- 
pendently. Scheelite  (CaWO,)  is  the 
only  ore  of  tungsten  which  has  been 
found  here  in  economic  quantities  al- 
though seams  of  wolframite  have  been 
recently  reported. 

It  has  been  noted  by  writers  on  the 
subject,  that  where  the  tungsten  ores  are 
rich,  gold  values  are  poor.  This  is  not 
necessarily  the  case  in  the  Rand  mining 
district,  for  in  several  of  the  mines,  not- 
ably the  Gold  Coin,  Baltic,  Wickard,  and 
Sydney  group,  ore  of  sufficient  tungsten 
content  to  be  considered  valuable,  has 
been  found  to  carry  as  high  as  $50  to  S60 
per  ton  in  gold. 

Early  Tungsten  Operations 

The  chief  operations  for  tungsten  in 
the  district  are  being  conducted  at  Atolia, 
by  the  Atolia  Mining  Company.  The 
presence  of  tungsten  at  this  point  first 
became  known  as  early  as  1904.  The 
discovery  was  made  and  development 
operations  carried  on  by  W.  A.  Wickard, 
Thomas  McCarty  and  Charles  Churchill. 
The  vein  was  on  the  Papoose  claim,  the 
original  discovery  was  about  three  ft.  in 
width,  and  was  found  in  weathered  gran- 
ite. While  the  vein  in  the  lateral  work- 
ings from  the  main  shaft  on  the  Papoose 
is  said  to  be  continuous,  the  tungsten  is 
unevenly  distributed,  occurring  in  lenses. 
In  the  barren  parts,  the  vein  is  quartz, 
which  is  the  main  impurity  in  most  of 
the  tungsten  ores. 

First  Shipments  to  Germany 

Working  to  a  depth  of  between  150  and 
200  ft.  it  is  said  that  the  ore  at  the 
Papoose  mine  was  exhausted.  Operations 
are  now  largely  confined  to  the  Churchill 
and  Weatherbee  veins,  the  latter  recently 
acquired  by  the  Atolia  company. 

During  early  operations  hand  picking 
of  ore  was  employed,  the  better  grade  of 
material  being  determined  by  its  weight. 
The  principal  demand  for  tungsten  ores 
in  1905  was  in  the  German  manufactur- 
ing industries,  and  the  first  several  cars 

*MlnlnK    pnRlni'or.    .ToIinnncHlmrc.    fal. 


of  picked  ore  were  exported  to  that  mar- 
ket. At  present  the  ores  are  crushed 
with  a  Blake  crusher;  ground  in  a  six-foot 
Huntington  mill,  and  concentrated  with 
Frue  vanners.  The  recovery  affected  by 
this  treatment  is  from  72  to  82  per  cent. 
About  30  men  are  now  employed  in  the 
mine  and  mill.  The  ore  being  treated  is 
said  to  run  from  6  to  8  per  cent,  tung- 
stic  acid,  the  concentrated  material  from 
67  to  68  per  cent,  tungstic  acid.  The 
monthly  production  amounts  to  $10,000, 
approximately. 

Geological  Features 

At  the  northern  end  of  the  tungsten 
belt  we  find  intrusive  granites  several 
miles  in  length,  cutting  the  schists.  Tung- 
sten has  been  found  north  of  this  in- 
trusion but  sparingly,  in  the  schists;  the 
principal  tungsten  orebodies  being  found 
in  an  older  granite  mass  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  belt. 

Over  a  large  area  in  what  is  locally 
called  the  Stringer  district,  are  found  ir- 
regular fissures  in  the  granites  and 
schists  which  in  many  places  contain 
gold  ore,  and  sometimes  tungsten.  The 
veins  may  be  valuable  for  both  minerals, 
or  may  contain  but  one.  This  condition 
is  noted  on  and  near  the  Baltic  mine, 
where  both  gold-tungsten,  gold,  and  tung- 
sten ores  have  been  mined  in  various 
places.  The  first  shipment  of  tungsten 
from  the  district  was  made  from  the 
Baltic  mine. 

Gold-tungsten  Ores 

The  fact  that  gold  ores  of  the  district 
contained  tungsten  was  first  noted  by  the 
Yellow  Aster  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany several  years  ago,  and  four  Stand- 
ard concentrators  were  installed  to  save 
this  mineral.  It  was  found  after  trial, 
however,  that  the  percentage  of  tungsten 
in  the  ores  of  that  mine  was  not  suffi- 
ciently high  to  defray  the  cost  of  treat- 
n.ent,  and  the  attempt  was  abandoned. 

At  the  Sydney  mine,  six  miles  south- 
erly from  the  Yellow  Aster,  the  presence 
of  tungsten  in  some  of  its  gold  ores,  has 
been  known  for  three  or  four  years.  '  A 
small  amount  of  ore  from  this  mine  has 
been  treated  for  tungsten  over  a  Wood- 
bury table. 

Realizing  the  commercial  possibility  of 
the  gold-tungsten  ores  of  this  district,  the 
Stanford  Mining  and  Reduction  Company, 
operating  the  Red  Dog  custom  amalgama- 
tion mill,  at  Johannesburg,  has  recently 
installed  a  New  Standard  concentrator, 
and  is  treating  custom  ores  for  gold  and 
tungsten. 


Outline  of  Concentration  Method 
Now  Eaiployed 

The  ores  are  stamped  to  pass  a  50- 
mesh  slot  screen,  using  6-in.  discharge 
and  5J^-in.  drop;  are  first  plated  and 
then  concentrated.  Much  difficulty  has 
been  experienced  in  this  method  of  treat- 
ment. On  account  of  the  extreme  weight 
of  the  tungsten,  the  plates  are  badly 
scoured,  and  it  is  with  great  difficulty  that 
amalgam  is  retained  on  the  plates.  Al- 
though particles  of  amalgam  are  fre- 
quently found  on  the  table,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  employ  an  amalgam  trap  on  ac- 
count of  the  density  of  the  concentrate 
collecting  in  the  trap.  Amalgam  col- 
lecting on  the  battery  plates  is  extremely 
hard  and  brittle.  At  the  cleanup,  the  cor- 
ners of  the  battery  are  found  to  be  solid- 
ly caked  with  the  ore.  The  loss  of  tung- 
sten is  from  20  to  30  per  cent.  A  portion 
of  this  loss  is  on  account  of  the  employ- 
ment of  insufficient  settling  boxes,  while 
the  larger  portion  of  the  loss  occurs  in 
the  tailings,  and  could  probably  be  some- 
what remedied  by  the  employment  of  a 
second  table  in  series  for  the  richer  ores; 
and  by  the  use  of  a  canvas  table  for  tht 
lower  grade  material. 

Placer  Tungsten 

Tungsten  occurs  in  both  the  gulches  o 
recent  origin  and  the  glacial  channels  o 
the  Stringer  district.  The  present  gulche; 
slope  generally  in  a  southeasterly  direc 
tion,  while  the  channels,  which  are  nov 
filled  with  debris,  firmly  cemented  to 
gether,  bear  more  in  a  southerly  direc 
tion. 

In  1898  over  100  men  were  employei 
in  dry-washing  parts  of  these  gulches  am  . 
channels,  and  much  difficulty  was  experi 
cnced  in  these  operations  on  account  o 
the  accumulation  on  the  riffles  of  wha 
was  then  mistaken  for  heavy  spar,  or  ba 
rite.  When  the  riffle  board  became  fille( 
with  this  material,  it  was  carried  to  thi 
camp  of  the  digger,  on  the  bank  of  thi. 
gulch,  the  gold  removed  by  amalgatna 
tion,  and  the  tungsten  discarded  as  worth 
less.  A  considerable  amount  of  tungstei 
accumulated  on  the  banks  of  the  gulche; 
in  this  way.  Later  floods  distributed  thesi 
piles  over  the  surface  of  the  gulches- 
The  material  accumulated  in  this  wa; 
was  recently  scraped  up  and  milled. 

Value  of  Scheelite  Unknown  in 
Early  Days 

During  the  early  operations,  the  bot 
toms  of  many  of  the  gulches  were  honey 
combed  with  workings  by  these  miners  ii 


i 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


905 


their  quest  for  gold,  and  it  is  stated  that 
pieces  of  scheelite  weighing  several 
pounds  were  found  in  places.  These 
pieces  of  ore  were  used  in  the  construc- 
tion of  pillars  for  the  retention  of  ground. 
It  is  also  stated  that  seams  of  scheelite, 
in  place,  were  found,  but  as  they  were 
not  considered  valuable,  no  record  of 
their  locality  was  preserved.  Most  of 
these  old  workings  have  caved  in,  and 
are  now  inaccessible. 

An  attempt  is  being  made  to  operate 
unworked  portions  of  the  placer  deposits, 
both  for  gold  and  tungsten.  For  e.xperi- 
mental  purposes,  a  small  jig  was  built, 
having  two  compartments,  in  orie  of 
which  is  situated  the  jig  box  having  a 
screen  bottom  with  3,  32-in.  apertures.  In 
this  way  the  coarse  pieces  of  tungsten 
accumulate  in  the  jig  box,  the  placer  gold 
and  fine  tungsten  sinking  to  the  bottom 
of  tl.^  jig-box  compartment.  The  gravel 
to  he  jigged  passes  through  a  -^g-in. 
•crcen,  while  the  oversize  is  hand  sorted 
lor  large  pieces  of  ore.  The  material 
settling  in  the  jig-box  compartment  is 
liauled  to  the  custom  mill,  stamped  and 
amalgamated,  the  concentrates  being 
saved  as  before  described.  The  accumu- 
lation in  the  jig  box  itself,  is  compara- 
tively pure,  and  requires  no  further  treat- 
ment. 

Placer  tungsten  occurs  in  pieces  from 
I  millimeter  to  several  inches  in  diam- 
;ter.  In  most  cases  these  pieces  are 
ounded  and  nodular  in  appearance  in- 
iicating  that  they  have  either  traveled  a 
ong  distance,  or  that  a  considerable 
imount  of  material  has  been  washed 
;ver  them. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Atolia 
nines,  where  bedrock  was  not  over  four 
)r  five  ft.  below  the  surface,  the  over- 
lurden  has  been  removed,  and  large 
■  ieces  of  tungsten  gathered  by  hand. 

Field  Tests  Employed 

Tungsten  ore  of  sufficient  percentage  to 
le  valuable  can  usually  be  detected  by  its 
veight,  being,  in  its  pure  state,  about 
wice  as  heavy  as  quartz.  The  tests  em- 
iloyed  by  prospectors  in  this  district, 
'hile  simple,  are  nevertheless,  accurate. 

A  small  amount  of  the  ore  is  crushed, 
laced  in  a  test  tube  or  any  other  vessel 
f  glass  which  may  be  available,  and  a 
mall  quantity  of  concentrated  hydro- 
hloric  acid  is  added.  This  is  heated  to 
lie  boiling  point,  and  should  be  boiled 
or  a  moment,  when  a  scrap  of  metallic 
n  or  zinc  (preferably  tin)  is  added.  If 
mgsten  be  present  the  solution  imme- 
iately  becomes  azure  blue. 
'  Another  test  which  is  fairly  delicate  is 
y  fusion  in  a  reducing  flame  with  a  salt 
f  phosphorus.  In  the  oxidizing  flame  no 
lolor  is  obtained,  while  in  the  reducing 
ame,  the  bead  becomes  a  fine  blue, 
hich  changes  to  blood  red  upon  the  ad- 
lition  of  ferrous  sulphate. 

In  making  quantitative  determinations, 
lie  method  described  by  Prof.  R.  C.  Ben- 


ner,  of  the  University  of  Arizona,  is  in 
common  use  and  is  found  satisfactory 
for  ordinary  commercial  purposes. 

Benner's  Method  for  Tungsten 

Fuse  the  ore  with  a  mixture  of  sodium 
and  potassium  carbonate,  and  dissolve  in 
hot  water.  The  tungsten  goes  into  a  so- 
lution with  sodium  silicate,  as  sodium- 
potassium  tungstate.  Filter  and  wash  with 
hot  water,  and  if  there  is  any  residue 
which  has  not  been  disintegrated  by  the 
first  fusion,  it  must  be  re-fused,  as  in  the 
first  case,  and  again  treated  with  boiling 
water,  filtered  and  washed  with  hot  wa- 
ter. This  alkaline  tungstate  is  evapor- 
ated to  dryness  with  nitric  acid,  moist- 
ened with  nitric  acid,  and  the  evaporation 
repeated,  when  the  silica  is  heated  to 
about  120  deg.,  to  dehydrate  it.  This  dry 
mass  is  moistened  with  nitric  acid,  and 
allowed  to  stand  several  minutes.  It  is 
then  taken  up  in  a  weak  solution  of  some 
such  salt  as  ammonium  nitrate,  which  is 
added  to  the  water  to  prevent  the  form- 
ation of  a  pseudo-solution  of  tungstic 
acid.  Filter  and  wash  with  a  slightly 
acid  salt  solution  until  free  from  alkaline 
salts.  The  precipitate  is  now  transferred 
to  a  platinum  crucible  and  ignited  with 
free  access  to  the  air.  This  gives  the  im- 
pure tungstic  oxide.  This  ignited  resi- 
due may  contain  silica.  The  silica  is  re- 
moved by  treating  with  hydrofluoric  acid, 
evaporating  to  dryness,  and  igniting. 


other  outcrops  of  ore  of  this  character 
in  the  Arnold  Hill  district  and  additional 
surveys  are  underway  about  two  miles 
west  of  the  Norton  vein  to  determine 
the  approximate  extent  of  these  deposits. 


Magnetometric  Surveys  of  Adiron- 
dack Iron    Deposits 

For  several  months  magnetometric  sur- 
veys of  the  magnetite  deposits  in  the 
Saranac  formation  of  the  Eastern  Adi- 
rondack region  of  New  York  have  been 
carried  on  for  Witherbee,  Sherman  & 
Co.  For  this  work  a  Thalen-Tiberg  mag- 
netometer was  used  under  the  direction 
of  S.  H.  Hamilton,  mining  geologist  for 
Hamilton  &  Hansell,  of  New  York.  The 
magnetometric  surveys  were  undertaken 
with  a  view  of  defining  the  orebodies  and 
more  intelligently  outlining  a  campaign 
of  diamond-drill  prospecting.  At  one 
place  the  survey  has  indicated  ore  for 
over  a  mile  in  k-ngth,  the  vein  being 
about  20  ft.  wide,  and  having  a  nearly 
vertical  dip.  One  diamond-drill  hole 
recently  sunk  cut  this  vein  at  a  depth  of 
333  ft.  From  the  same  point,  but  at 
different  angles,  other  diamond-drill 
holes  will  be  driven  to  prove  the  ore- 
body  as  indicated  In  the  magnetometric 
surveys.  This  vein  is  now  to  be  called 
the  Norton  vein  in  honor  of  the  general 
manager  of  the  Mineville  properties  of 
Witherbee,  Sherman  &  Co. 

The  deposit  is  in  what  is  known  as  the 
Arnold  Hill  district,  of  Clinton  county. 
New  York,  and  is  a  magnetite  ore  low 
in  phosphorus.  It  runs  from  40  per 
cent,  iron  upward,  and  will  have  to  be 
concentrated    magnetically.      There    are 


Rapid  Estimation  for  Free  Calcium 
Oxide  in  Commercial  Lime 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  the 
results  of  an  investigation  by  L.  W. 
Bahney'  and  is  intended  primarily  for 
control   work  on   impure   burnt   lime: 

The  principle  of  this  process  depends 
upon  the  titration  of  the  samples  of  lime 
with  a  standard  solution  of  oxalic  acid, 
using  phenolphthalein  as  an  indicator. 
For  purposes  of  experiment,  calcium  ox- 
ide was  first  prepared  by  taking  pure 
crystals  of  calcite,  grinding  in  an  agate 
mortar,  and  igniting  in  a  platinum  cruci- 
ble to  constant  weight.  By  this  method 
it  was  determined  that  14.6068  grams 
of  oxalic  acid  to  the  liter  of  water  was 
required  for  making  the  standard  solu- 
tion. The  weight  of  lime  taken  for  a 
sample  was  always  650  mg.  This  weight 
of  sample  was  introduced  into  a  300  cc. 
Erlenmeyer  flask  containing  50  cc.  of  dis- 
tilled water  with  a  few  drops  of  the  in- 
dicator, and  then  titrated  with  the  above 
oxalic-acid  solution.  The  reading  of  the 
burette  then  gives  per  cent,  of  calcium 
direct. 

Interfering  Elements 
Silica  does  not  interfere  with  this  de- 
termination. Magnesia,  as  it  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  interferes  only  slightly. 
However,  after  a  little  practice  the  CaO 
end  point  is  readily  recognized,  for  the 
color  up  to  that  time  remains  a  vivid 
pink,  while  MgO  gives  only  a  faint  pink 
and  the  color  disappears  with  0.1  to  0.2 
cc.  of  the  oxalic-acid  solution  and  the 
color  returns  slowly  and  feebly,  while 
the  color  returns  quickly  and  sharply  as 
long  as  any  free  lime  is  present. 

Manipulation 
After  placing  the  sample  and  the  dis- 
tilled water  in  the  flask,  the  flask  should 
be  stoppered  and  shaken  vigorously  for 
about  10  seconds,  then  the  solution  of 
phenolphthalein  added  and  the  addition 
of  the  oxalic-acid  solution  begun.  Dur- 
ing the  time  of  running  in  the  oxalic 
acid  the  flask  should  be  shaken  as  vig- 
orously as  possible,  care  being  taken  not 
to  allow  any  of  the  contents  to  splash 
out.  If  after  the  color  has  once  disap- 
peared it  returns,  there  is  a  little  more 
unsatisfied  lime  present,  providing  the 
returned  color  be  of  a  vivid  pink.  But 
if  the  color  returns  slowly  and  is  of  a 
faint  pink,  the  end  point  has  been 
reached.  The  phenolphthalein  solution 
should  be  made  by  dissolving  0.5  gram 
in  a  mixture  of  50  cc.  alcohol  and  50  cc 
water. 

'Iinirn.   IniJ.   inirl   Ktui.   Chrm..  Oct..   1010. 


906 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


The  Manufacture  of  Sublimed  White  Lead 

Blast    Furnaces    Run    to    Produce    Fume.      Only    Two    Plants    in  the 
United  States   Use   the   Process.      Product    Is  a    Basic    Lead    Sulphate 


B     Y 

As  there  are  only  two  plants  in  the 
United  States  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  sublimed  white  lead  and  as 
these  plants  are  identical  in  general  ar- 
rangement, this  article  will  embrace  a 
description  of  both  plants. 

The  plants  consist,  as  shown  in  Fig. 
1,  of  two  furnaces,  about  30  ft.  of 
combustion  chamber,  a  large  brick 
tower  B,  two  smaller  towers,  a  set  of 
goose-necks  C,  a  bag  room  G,  packing 
room  and  cooperage. 

Both  plants  were  designed  to  con- 
vert the  flue  dust  and  blue  fume  of  the 
regular  lead  blast  furnace  into  the 
marketable  white-fume  pigment,  basic 
lead  sulphate,  and  thus  rid  the  lead 
smeltery  of  the  most  troublesome 
article  with  which  it  has  had  to  con- 
tend. 

The  furnaces,  Fig.  2,  which  are 
known  as  slag-eyes,  are  the  most  impor- 
tant part  of  the  plant  and  are  situated  at 
A,  Fig.  1.  Both  solid  and  sectional 
shells  are  being  used.  There  are  six 
3-inch  tuyeres  spaced  about  half 
way  between  the  top  and  bottom  of  the 
furnace  and  directed,  as  shown  by  the 
broken  lines  in  Fig.  2.  Originally  there 
were  two  rows  of  tuyere  openings',  but 
these  have  been  replaced  by  the  single 
row  as  just  described.  The  life  of  the 
furnaces  is  about  three  months,  when 
they  are  removed  and  relined.  The 
furnace  shell  as  shown  in  Fig.  2,  costs 
less  than  S400  and  may  be  made  in  any 
boiler  shop. 

Combustion  Chambers  of  Brick 

The  combustion  chamber  which  runs 
directly  over  the  furnaces  at  both  plants 
is  built  of  brick  and  supported  by  iron 
columns,  shown  in  Fig.  3.  At  one  of 
the  plants  the  space  directly  over  the 
furnaces  is  water  jacketed,  at  the  other 
plant  the  entire  chamber  is  built  of 
brick  and  lined  with  either  fire  clay  or 
hr'ck. 

The  top  is  covered  with  zinc  re- 
torts 10  in.  in  diameter  by  4  ft. 
in  length,  shown  in  Fig.  3.  The  air  cir- 
culating through  these  cylinders  (the 
closed  end  of  the  retort  is  broken  out) 
tpnds  to  keep  them  cool  and  the  fact  that 
they  may  be  removed  when  burned  out, 
nnd  replaced  by  new  ones,  is  a  valuable 
feature  of  this  mode  of  covering.  Too 
r"any  water  jackets  tend  to  cool  the 
f'ime    too    quickly    for   the    best    results. 

•Stnrtpnt.  Lohlt'li  Inlvprslty.  Kmitli  Relli- 
l-'"^-^,    IVnn. 

'Tno,  ami  Min.  .TiiiuN..   Vol.  40.  p.  4. 


J 


I 


BLAIR 


The  space  C,  Fig.  3,  is  filled  in  with  fire 
clay. 

At  each  of  the  two  existing  plants  the 
towers  are  identical;  the  first,  B,  is  10 
ft.  in  diameter  by  20  ft.  high,  inside, 
and  is  lined  with  firebrick  and  braced 
with  seven  60-lb.  rails  spaced  equidis- 
tant and  placed  vertically  around  the 
tower,  tied  with  IVs-in.  tie  rods  encir- 
cling the  tower;  one  at  the  base,  one 
near  the   middle   and  one   near  the   top. 


neck  rests  on  a  hopper  from  which  the 
fume  is  collected  daily,  and  either 
trammed  to  a  bin  or  packed  directly  into 
barrels,  and  sold  as  an  inferior-quality 
pigment,    mostly    to    the    rubber   trade. 

As  the  goose-necks  cool  the  fume,  all 
the  dust  and  PbO  drop  out  leaving  the 
pure  basic  sulphate  to  enter  the  bags. 
The  pigment  collected  from  the  goose- 
necks (about  3500  lb.  daily)  has  a  de- 
cided pink  color  due  to  free  PbO  present. 


D 
Elevation 


PI  Tlir  fiiyiiifci-i'ii;  iMininn  Jo-(r.,.if 

Fig.  1.  Sublimed  White-lead  Plant 


The  two  smaller  towers  are  sheet-iron 
shells  lined  with  a  4-in.  red-brick  wall. 
These  two  towers  are  connected  by 
means  of  an  inverted  V  goose-neck,  44 
in.  in  diameter.  Each  tower  is  provided 
with  a  clean-out  door  at  its  base. 

Fume   Condensing  Apparatus 

The  fume  enters  the  first  tower  near 
its  top,  passes  out  near  the  base  into  a 
short  conduit  which  leads  to  the  second 
tower  and  then  emerges  by  way  of  the 
goose-neck  at  the  top  and  enters  the  top 
of  the  third  tower.  From  this  tower  the 
fume  goes  into  the  goose-necks  shown 
at  C,  Fig.   1. 

There  are  seven  of  these  goose-necks 
44  in.  in  diameter  by  25  ft.  high,  made 
of    14-gage    sheet    iron.      Each    goose- 


From  the  goose-necks  the  fume  passes 
through  the  seven-foot  fan  £),  Fig.  1, 
and  into  the  bags  in  the  bag  room  G, 
which  contains  540  woolen  bags.  These 
rooms  are  similar  in  arrangemen  to 
the  bag  room  described  by  W.  R.  Ingalls 
in  his  "Lead  Smelting  and  Refining," 
page  245,  to  which  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred for  a  complete  description  of 
these  bag  rooms. 

The  bags  used  in  the  sublimed-lead 
plant  are  made  of  unwashed  woolen 
cloth  and  are  20  in.  in  diameter  by  30 
ft.  in  length.  The  natural  oil  in  the  wool 
protects  them  from  the  corrosive  action 
of  the  hot  gases. 

Adjoining  the  bag  room  is  the  pack- 
ing room,  over  which  is  situated  the 
cooper    shop.      In    the    packing    depart- 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


907 


II    ment  we  have  the  one  poiHi  ential 

difference  between  the  two  plants.  In 
the  plant  shown  in  the  accompanying  il- 
lustration, the  pigment  is  packed  by 
machine,  in  the  other  plant  the  pigment 
is  packed  by  hand.  In  Fig.  1,  the  packer 
is  fed  by  the  screw  conveyer,  FF. 

Simple   JV.echanical  Equipment 

The  machinery  required  to  run  the 
j  plant  is  as  follows:  Two  No.  7  Sturte- 
'  vant  blower  fans  H  H,  Fig.  1,  whicli 
furnish  the  required  blast  under  4VL"-oz. 
pressure;  these  fans  are  driven  by  two 
30-h.p.  motors.  One  7-ft.  fan  shown  at 
D,  Fig.  1,  driven  by  one  50-h.p.  motor. 
One  freight  elevator  and  a  20-h.p.  motor 
for  same.  One  packer  with  screw  con- 
veyer and  elevator  with  a  20-h.p.  motor. 
All  motors  use  alternating  current. 

As  all  of  the  materials  used  in  making 
up  the  charge  arrive  at  the  plant  ready 
for  mixing,  the  process  begins  with  the 


high  in  lead.  The  blue  fume  comes 
from  the  blue  baghouse.  The  ashes  are 
the  settlings  that  accumulated  in  the  trails 
near  the  blast  furnace  and  open 
hearths.  The  gray  slag  is  from  the  open 
hearths. 

FUR.\.\CE  CH.VUCE  FOR  M.\KIXC.  .SUBLI.M- 
'ED  WHITE  LEAD. 

.M.vrF.Ki.M..  Pounds. 

<'i'li''ia  6000  to  7000 

Cuttings  1000 

Wliite  Wiisti-  1000  to  1.".00 

lion.    .,  11(1(1 

Linii-.  1111(1 

Black  .'^UiK  KKKi  lo  :i()()l) 

Blue  Funic  :i()(i() 

A.shes .              2000 

Gra.v  Slag. . .  ^2000 

Coke 6000  10  SOOO 

This  charge  is  fed  through  the  open- 
ings B,  Fig.  3,  in  small  shovelful  lots. 
The  feeding  is  practically  continuous. 
The  feeder  throws  the  charge  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  cause  it  to  fall  evenly  over 


Air  Draft  through  Feed  Doors  a 
Necessity 

In  Fig.  3,  it  will  be  noticed  that  the 
openings  B  which  serve  as  feed  doors 
are  simple  openings  and  as  there  is  a 
stronp  suction  at  this  point  a  great  deal 
of  cold  air  is  continually  rushing  into  the 
combustion  chamber.  This  air  furnishes 
the  oxygen  necessary  for  the  formation 
of  the  PbSO,  anj  PbO.  The  heat  pro- 
duced by  the  formation  of  these  com- 
pounds— basic  lead  sulphate  and  the 
PbO  in  the  free  state — no  doubt  tends 
to  counterbalance  the  cooling  effect  of 
the   inrushing  cold   air. 

The  slag,  which  is  very  silicious,  is 
tapped  at  A,  Fig.  3,  and  is  allowed  to 
flow  continuously,  along  with  the  small 
amount  of  lead  which  is  present,  into  a 
settling  basin  shown  in  Fig.  3.  From 
this  basin  the  lead  is  ladled  into  the 
molds,  while  the  slag  overflows  into 
0  water  pot  just  below  the  lead  pot. 


Tuyere 


Mininff  JDiimut 


Slac-eye  Furnace 


delivering  of  the  charge  to  the  feed  plat- 
form. 

Blast   Furnace   Charges 

In  the  following  list,  which  repre- 
sents an  average  charge,  the  galena  is  a 
table  concentrate  free  from  zinc  and 
thoroughly  dry,  "cuttings"  are  the  ma- 
terial taken  from  the  combustion 
chamber,  near  the  furnaces,  during 
clean-outs  and  consist  of  a  mixture  of 
fused  lead  sulphate  and  slag.  The  white 
waste  is  the  sweepings  from  the  bag 
room  and  packing  department  including 
such  of  the  p'Sment  which  may  be  below 
standard  in  color.  The  iron  is  boiler 
scale,  tin  cans  and  sweepings  from  ma- 
chine-shop lathes.  The  tin  cans  serve 
to  keep  the  charge  open.  The  limestone 
I  is  purchased  in  the  fonti  of  "fines,"  to 
pass  a  40-mesh  screen.  The  black  slag 
■s  th,''t   slag    from    the   slag-eye    running 


Tht  Eoginetnn,/  ^  Mining  ./ournal 


Fig.  3.   Furnaces  and  Combustion  Chamber 


the  glowing  mass  inside  the  furnace.  By 
this  method  of  feeding,  the  surface  of 
the  charge  in  the  furnace  is  kept  at  a 
white  heat,  a  condition  which  insures  the 
immediate  volatilization  of  the  galena 
and  other  lead  compounds  making  up  the 
charge.  However,  this  is  not  all  that  the 
high  temperature  must  accomplish;  it 
must  maintain  a  sufficiently  high  tem- 
perature throughout  the  combustion 
chamber  to  insure  the  complete  oxidation 
of  any  combustibles  which  may  be  drawn 
over  into  this  passage  by  the  strong 
draft. 

The  temperature  must  also  be  suffi- 
cient to  keep  the  lead  in  the  state  of 
fume  until  it  shall  have  had  time  to  come 
in  contact  with  the  oxygen  of  the  air  to 
form  the  basic  sulphate. 


Temperature  of  Combustion  Chamber 
Important 

The  temperature  of  the  first  tower,  an 
important  point,  is  kept  as  near  to  800 
deg.  C.  as  is  possible.  At  this  stage  of 
the  process  a  knowledge  of  the  tem- 
perature of  formation,  decomposition 
and  condensation  of  the  pigment  is  es- 
sential to  the  proper  management  of  the 
plant. 

In  no  other  metallurgical  operation,  to 
my  knowledge,  does  the  temperature  of 
the  furnace  so  influence  the  quality  of 
the  product.  Gordon"  said  that  even 
the  direction  of  the  wind  exerted  a  great 
influence  over  the  quality  of  the  output 
of  his.  zinc  plant.  The  same  is  true 
to  a  certain  extent  of  the  product  of  the 


'Exo.  AND  MiN.  .loiiix..  Vol.  m.  p.  nso. 


908 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


Ncvembsr  5,  1910. 


sublimed-lead  plant.  Too  low  a  tem- 
perature not  only  causes  the  production 
of  the  objectionable  compound  PbO  in 
excess — more  than  will  combine  with  the 
PbSO,,  but  will  also  cause  too  much 
pigment  to  settle  in  the  trail  with  the 
ash  and  dust. 

On  the  other  hand,  too  high  a  tempera- 
ture burns  the  bags,  fuses  the  pigment, 
near  the  furnaces,  thus  choking  the  com- 
bustion chamber,  and  may  also  break 
down  the  newly  formed  pigment  liberat- 
ing a  part  of  the  PbO  which  discolors  the 
pigment. 

By  changing  the  speed  of  the  large  fan 
the  temperature  of  the  interior  of  the 
combustion  chamber  may  be  controlled 
to  a  certain  extent  and  a  fairly  uni- 
form heat  maintained  throughout  the  con- 
duit. 

Collection  of  Pigment 

Twice  during  each  eight-hour  shift  the 
bags  are  shaken  and  the  pigment  col- 
lected from  the  hoppers  E,  Fig.  1.  De- 
pending on  the  subsequent  treatment  the 
pigment  is  either  dumped  into  the  screw 
conveyer  F  F  which  delivers  it  to  the 
p-.cker,  or  it  is  carted  to  the  packing  de- 
partment, where  it  is  shoveled  into  bar- 
rels and  packed  by  hand — 500  lb.  to  the 
barrel. 

The  screw  conveyer  was  not  installed 
to  deliver  the  pigment  but  rather  to  work 
it  up  and  thus  rid  it  of  the  mechanically 
included  air  and  gas  which  had  hereto- 
fore caused  the  complete  failure  of  all 
attempts  at  mechanical  packing.  Gordon 
wns  the  first  to  use  this  scheme  but 
whether  or  not  he  hit  upon  the  device  by 
accident,  I  am  unable  to  say.  To  Evans 
W.  Buskett  is  due  the  credit  of  having 
successfully  applied  the  mechanical 
racket  to  the  sublimed-lead  plant. 

The  cost  of  actual  operation  for  24 
hours  is  given  in  the  accompanying 
table. 


D.MLY    OPERATING   COSTS    FOR    1.52-TON 
PL.VNT. 

6  Keefler.s  fe  S2.00 S12.00 

6  Slae  Tappers  @     1 .  75 10 .  oO 

6   I'ot  Men  @     1 .  65 9 .  90 

1    Packer  @     2.00 2.00 

0  Hag  Shaker-s  (^     2.00 12.00 

9   I,al)irers  @      1.65 11  85 

.'i  Foremen  (Si     2 .  25 6  "5 

1  Cooper  @     3 .  00 3  00 

:iS  Men Total  wage S71 .00 


Both  plants  have  the  same  capacity — 
about  15  tons  per  unit  of  two  furnaces 
per  24  hours.  The  quantity  of  pig  lead 
ur.rvoidably  produced  varies  so  widely 
that  no  attempt  is  made  to  give  'an  aver- 
age daily  output.  Some  days  the  fur- 
races  tnrn  out  only  a  few  bars;  again 
when  the  furnaces  are  out  of  order  as 
ni?ny  as  eighty  pigs  are  produced  in  one 
shift  of  eight  hours.  This  lead  is  a  shiny, 
white  hard  metal  because  of  the.  impur- 
ities which  are  reduced  at  the  high  tem- 
per'ture  of  the   furnace. 


Another  Railroad   into   Northern 
Colorado  Coalfields 

Denver  Correspondence 

The  Yampa  coalfield  is  apparently  like- 
ly to  be  reached  in  1911  by  the  Laramie, 
Hahns  Peak  &  Pacific  railway,  which  is 
now  operating  its  toad  from  Laramie,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  railroad,  to  Fox  park, 
within  about  40  miles  of  the  anthracite 
and  bituminous  seams  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  the  above  coalfield.  This  line  is 
projected  across  the  continental  divide, 
over  a  low  pass,  with  a  maximum  grade 
of  2  per  cent.,  and  on  reaching  Hahns 
Peak  and  Columbine,  will  be  on  a  level 
(about  8000  ft.  elevation)  with  the  an- 
thracite seams,  and  only  about  six  miles 
distant  in  an  air  line.  From  thence  the 
line  is  projected  down  the  Elk  River  val- 
ley, with  its  IS  miles  of  fine  ranches,  to 
Steamboat  Springs;  from,  thence  it  is 
projected  westward  directly  through  the 
center  of  the  1200  sq.mi.  of  bituminous 
coals',  to  the  hydrocarbon  deposits  of 
Uinta  county,  Utah. 

The  Denver,  Northwestern  &  Pacific 
railway  (Mcff:t  roid',  with  its  present 
terminus  at  Steamboat  Springs,  has  pro- 
jected and  surveyed  lines  running  west- 
ward into  eastern  Utr.h,  with  Salt  Lake 
City  as  its  objective  point.  Its  president, 
D.  H.  Moffat,  has,  however,  recently 
stated  publicly  that  the  date  of  its  con- 
struction westward  is  indefinite,  and  as 
the  Laramie,  Hahns  Peak  &  Pacific,  which 
i£;  an  independent  enterprise,  is  a  feeder 
to  the  Union  Pacific,  it  may  be  assumed 
that  the  former  will  have  at  least  the 
friendly  support  of  the  latter  powerful 
system,  and  therefore  in  all  probability 
will  be  the  first  to  develop  the  coal  and 
other  mineral  resources  of  Routt  county, 
Colorado,  and  eastern  Utah. 

In  addition  to  these,  the  Laramine, 
Hahns  Peak  &  Pacific  line  already 
reaches  the  coal  deposits  cf  North  park, 
in  Jackson  county,  Colorado,  where  a 
seam  from  40  to  65  ft.  in  thic'cness  has 
been  opened  in  the  vicinity  cf  the  towns 
of  Waldon  and  Hebron. 

Besides  the  carbonjceous  riches  of  the 
region  traversed,  there  are  the  metalli- 
ferous ores  of  the  Hahns  Peak  region, 
which  are  of  an  average  grade  too  low 
to  be?r  wagon  transport  about  32  miles 
to  the  present  nearest  railroad  point  at 
Steamboat  Springs.  With  a  railway  pass- 
ing the  dumps,  as  indicated  by  the  sur- 
vey of  the  Laramie,  Hahns  Peak  &  Pa- 
cific, the  products  of  the  existing  mines 
will  pay  for  marketing,  and  numbers  of 
what  are  at  present  mere  prospec's  will 
be  developed.  .Moreover  the  line  will  pass 
directly  through  the  Hahns  Peak  placer 
region,  which  in  the  last  25  years  had 
produced  SI, 500,000  in  gold,  but  has  long 
been  idle,  owing  partly  to  the  imperfect 

'ItiiU.  207,  V.  S.  ficol.  Sui-v.,  by  (iale  and 
I'"cnnen>nn. 


construction  of  the  33-mile  ditch  which 
brings  the  water  from  Farwell  mountain, 
and  partly  to  litigation.  All  this  work  will 
now  be  revived. 

There  is  a  market  today  east  and  west 
of  Laramie  for  more  of  the  bituminous 
and  anthracite  coal  of  the  Yampa  field 
than  the  Laramie,  Hahns  Peak  &  Pacific 
can  haul  over  a  single-track  line.  Its  pres- 
ident and  leading  spirit  is  Isaac  Van 
Horn,  of  Boston. 


Experimental  Magnetic  Concen- 
tration Plant  in  Canada 

Special  Correspondence 


An  announcement  published  in  the  of- 
ficial gazette  gives  the  following  inform- 
ation relative  to  the  provision  for  a  na- 
tional experimental  testing  plant,  con- 
cerning which  those  desiring  specific  in- 
formation are  invited  to  address  Director 
Eugene  Haanel,  at  the  Canada  Depart- 
ment of  Mines,  Ottawa,  Ont. 

The  Mines  Branch  of  the  Canada  De- 
partment of  Mines  is  installing  in  Ottawa 
an  experimental  testing  plant  for  the 
concentration  of  magnetic  ores.  When 
completed,  the  plant  will  consist  of  a 
standard  Grondai  concentrating  unit, 
comprising  an  ore  crusher,  ball  mill,  and 
two  Grondai  magnetic  separators  operat- 
ing in  tandem;  the  capacity  of  the  plant 
being  from  two  to  four  tons  of  crude  ore 
per  hour.  The  plant  is  being  installed 
for  the  purpose  of  testing  low-grade  mag- 
netic iron  ores  and  sands,  with  a  view  to 
proving  their  amenability  to  concentra- 
tion by  the  Grondai  wet  system.  Tests 
will  be  carried  through  for  the  determina- 
tion of  the  following  points:  Extent  of 
crushing  required  to  raise  the  iron  con- 
tent of  the  crude  ore  to  65  to  70  per  cent, 
in  the  concentrate;  extent  of  crushing  re- 
quired to  depress  sulphur,  phosphorus, 
or  titanium  contents  to  percentages  ac- 
ceptable to  furnacemen;  number  of  tons 
crude  ore  that  are  required  to  prcduce 
one  ton  of  concentrate;  power  consumed 
per  ton  of  crude  ore  concentrated;  cubic 
feet  of  water  used  per  ton  of  crude  ore 
concentrated;  it  is  expected  that  the  plant 
will  be  ready  for  operation  about  the 
first  week  in  November,  1910.  Tests 
will  be  made  free  of  charge  on  Canadian 
ores,  but  it  is  required  that  shipments 
shall  be  delivered,  carriage  paid,  at  the 
testing  plant  at  Ottawa.  Shipments  of 
ore  for  testing  purposes  should  not  be 
less  than  five  nor  more  than  20  tons;  and 
it  is  particularly  requested  that  ship- 
ments be  made  in  bags  containing  not 
more  than  100  lb.  of  ore  each,  to  fa- 
cilitate handling. 


There  were  1,777,653  long  tons  of  man- 
ganese ore  imported  into  the  United 
States  from  1900  to  1908,  inclusive,  as 
against  a  domestic  production  of  60,001 
tons. 


November  5.    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


909 


Bedded  Copper  Deposits  of  Carangas,  Bolivia 

Ore-bearing  Strata  600  ft.  Thick  and  Outcrops  for  Two  Miles;  Ore  in 
Beds  1  to  1 6  ft.  Thick.      Mining  Conditions  Favorable;  Labor  Plentiful 

BY    ROBERT    HAWXHURST,    JR.* 


At  the  present  time  the  annual  pro- 
duction of  copper  in  the  Republic  of 
Bolivia  amounts  to  about  5000  tons.  Of 
this  over  half  comes  from  the  mines  of 
the  Coro  Core  district,  while  the  re- 
mainder is  derived  largely  from  the 
ores  of  the  several  silver  mines  in  the 
country,  notably  from  the  Pulacuyo 
mine,  at  Huanchaca. 

Lack     of    Transportation     Facilities 
Has  Hampered  Mining  Industry 

That  a  country  so  rich  in  mineral 
should  supply  such  an  insignificant  por- 


routes,  to  the  seaports  of  Antofagasta 
and  Mollendo,  in  the  neighboring  re- 
publics of  Chile  and  Peru.  From  Oruro 
to  Antofagasta,  over  the  line  of  the 
Antofagasta  &  Bolivia  Railway,  the  dis- 
tance is  574  miles,  while  La  Paz  is  600 
miles  distant  from  Mollendo  by  lake- 
steamer  and   rail. 

Naturally  only  the  more  valuable  min- 
erals can  be  mined  under  conditions 
which  impose  such  a  burden  of  trans- 
portation costs  and  the  many  attractive 
copper  deposits  of  the  republic  have  re- 
mained neglected  while,  for  years  past, 


cided  to  build  further  branch  lines  from 
Uyuni  to  Tupiza  and  from  Oruro  to 
Cochabamba. 

The  impetus  to  the  mining  industry  of 
Bolivia,  given  by  the  opening  of  these 
new  lines  of  transportation,  promises  to 
be  phenomenal  and  will  undoubtedly  re- 
sult in  reawakening  an  interest  in  what 
is  probably  the  country  richest  in  min- 
eral resources  in  the  world.  Her  copper 
deposits  will  receive  their  due  share  of 
attention  and  before  long  Bolivia  will 
surely  take  rank  among  the  nations  pro- 
ducing this  metal. 


— -"-^ 

i 

-wt                     '  ■"  . 

mi 

3b      «^*''  '^mBt 

mmggmm 

-n¥'~ 

-^^■._  _  "v^  -w 

w 

Panorama  of  the  Carangas  Copper  District,  Bolivia 


Sheep  Corral  at  Carangas  Built  of  5  Per  Cent. 
Copper  Ore 


The  Plaza  at  Coroue,  Capital  of  the  Province 
of  Carangas 


tion  of  the  world's  copper  appears  at 
first  anomalous,  but  a  glance  at  the 
map  of  South  America  explains  the  sit- 
uation. Bolivia,  situated  in  the  center 
of  the  continent,  possesses  no  sea 
coast,  and  is  furthermore  cut  off.  from 
access  to  the  Pacific  by  the  towering 
barrier  of  the  western  cordillera  of  the 
Andes.  The  cities  of  Oruro  and  La 
Paz,  in  the  heart  of  the  region  of  min- 
ing activity,  are  but  180  miles  from  the 
sea  coast  as  the  crow  files,  yet  their 
commerce  finds  outlet  to  the  Pacific  only 
by  means  of  long  and  tortuous  railway 

•MinInK     cnglnppr,      llnvvxhuist     &     WoIIT. 
C:?,    Rallfs-liiiiy    IIr>i;5o,    London,    i:.    O. 


all    energy    has    been    centered    in    the 
mining   of   tin   and   silver. 

New    Railroads     Being     Constructed 

This  condition  of  affairs,  however, 
promises  to  be  completely  altered  in 
the  near  future,  as  a  result  of  present 
activity  in  railway  construction  in  Bo- 
livia and  more  especially  with  the  com- 
pletion of  the  line  from  Arica  to  La 
Paz,  which  will  place  the  latter  city  in 
direct  rail  communication  with  the  sea 
coast,  only  200  miles  away.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  the  Antofagasta  &  Bolivia 
Railway  is  constructing  a  branch  to  the 
old  mining  district  of  Potosi  and  has  de- 


Carangas    Copper    District    Pro.mising 
But   Little    Known 

Of  the  many  noteworthy  Bolivian 
copper  deposits,  the  Carangas  field 
figures  as  one  of  the  least  known  but 
most  promising.  It  lies  85  miles  from 
Oruro,  in  the  western  extremity  of  the 
Titicaca  basin  or  Bolivian  plateau,  at 
an  elevation  of  12,000  ft.  above  sea 
level;  latitude  8  deg.  10  min.,  south; 
longitude  68  deg.  12  min..  west.  It  is 
best  reached  from  the  Chilian  seaport  of 
Antofagasta  by  rail  to  Oruro,  and 
thence  by  a  three-day  journey  on  mule 
back,    across    the    level    reaches    of   the 


910 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


tableland,    to    the    village    of    Turco,    a 
nearby  Indian  town. 

Railroad   Passes  through   Interesting 
Country 

The  journey  is  one  of  never-ending 
interest.  From  Antofagasta  the  train 
crosses  the  first  low  range  of  the 
coastal  Andes  and  enters  the  desert  of 
Atacama,  one  of  Chile's  richest  nitrate 
fields.  Low  barren  hills  and  arid  sandy 
plains  stretch  far  away  on  either  side 
of  the  line,  dotted  here  and  there  by 
the  smoke  and  buildings  of  the  nitrate 
factories.  Then  come  the  green  fields 
of  Calama,  a  veritable  oasis  in  the  des- 
ert, watered  by  the  Loa  river.  Beyond 
Calama,  the  Chuquicamata  and  Conchi 
copper  districts  arq  left  to  the  north- 
ward. The  Loa  river  is  crossed  on  a 
steel  viaduct  350  ft.  above  the  waters 
of  the  stream,  next  to  the  Gotiek  viaduct 
in  Burma,  the  highest  bridge  in  the 
world. 

Leaving  the  Loa,  the  snow-capped 
and  smoking  volcanic  peaks  of  the  An- 
des began  to  appear  and  crossing  the 
summit  at  Ascotan  the  railway  borders 
the  wonderful  bora.x  lake  at  Cebollar 
and  enters  the  great  Titicaca  basin,  the 
ted  of  an  ancient  sea,  with  terraced 
beaches  upon  the  mountain  sides.  From 
here  on  to  Oruro  the  line  runs  over 
the  almost  level  bed  of  this  dead  sea, 
dotted  here  and  there  with  alkali  lakes 
and  great  marshes  encrusted  with  salts, 
glistening  in  the  sun  like  vast  fields  of 
snow. 

Mule-back  Journey  through   Land  of 
THE  Aymara   Indians 

From  Oruro  the  journey  is  continued 
on  mule  back  across  the  level  plain, 
through  the  land  of  the  Aymara  Indians, 
who  still  retain  the  speech,  customs  and 
dress  which  characterized  their  fore- 
fathers when  they  flourished  under  the 
dominion  of  the  bygone  Incas  at  Cuzco. 
Their  flocks  of  sheep,  alpacas  and 
llamas  graze  by  the  wayside  and  their 
grain  fields,  paddocks  and  farmhouses 
line  the  road.  These  latter  are  built 
of  large  blocks  of  sun-baked  mud,  no 
wood  entering  into  their  construction. 
They  are  beehive  in  shape,  and  in  size 
and  in  style  of  architecture,  are  identi- 
cal with  the  snow  igloos  of  the  Esqui- 
maux. 

Occasional  towns  are  passed,  peopled 
by  these  same  Indians,  the  towering 
domes  of  their  churches  being  visible 
for  many  miles  across  the  plain.  The 
Aymaras  are  small  and  wiry.  Their 
features  are  pleasing  and  their  habits 
cleanly.  They  are  kind  and  hospitable 
but  inclined  at  first  to  be  shy,  and  dis- 
trustful of  the  stranger.  They  live  in 
comparative  comfort  from  the  returns 
from  their  flocks  and  fields.  They  are 
ardent  Catholics  and  their  village 
church,    with    its   kindly    priest    and    gay 


fiestas,   is  the   central  pivot   of  their  en- 
tire existence. 

Copper    Deposits    Occur    in    Faulted 
Beds  on  Flanks  of  E.xtinct  Volcano 

The  hills  of  Oruro,  rising  like  a  huge 
island  out  of  the  plain  of  the  lake 
basin,  consist  of  Silurian  and  Devonian 
slates  and  schists,  uplifted  by  Tertiary 
eruption.  They  are  lined  by  beds  of 
fossil    coral    which    were    probably    de- 


of  Corque,  where  the  tilted  sandstone 
beds,  of  the  upper  and  middle  Permian, 
first  appear,  in  the  form  of  a  range  of 
rugged  hills  extending  to  the  northward, 
the  strata  dipping  to  the  west.  Over  the 
range  lies  the  valley  of  Umamarca,  the 
axis  of  the  uplift,  beyond  which  is  a 
second  range  of  sandstone  hills,  the  beds 
of  which  dip  to  the  eastward.  Cross- 
ing this  range  the  floor  of  the  plateau 
is  again  encountered,  and   from  it  rises 


NOTE. 


M  O 

O    Oft    RO. 


O  O  M*L. -NITRATE  FIELDS 
BOR>X  AND  COPPER 
.MINERALS. 


|\^     TInd.epehdenc  a  "^ ~,-~'' fy-f 
"X  ,■••■    ^  . 


^N     ,..v,..-/?rV 


S    a    ca  Tapacari  ^QocliaUamba  ^,^:-\^  \ 

iA.nue\^-| — p^ris5r\^; 

Tarata.  )\  \i"  , 

v^    ?    \Ml2que 


•-Tobora 


ican  ^caV  .^   V     \ 

f.-^      IK  \Poopo-'rffe  X  <\Ji 
CorguelH,  lpa,„a  if  ^  J 


Oiuio-* — ?■-•  ,'v' ^  ''W*; 


X'^ 


Huini-haca 


Chipanai    '■ 
Huanchanl 


-,  1         Vitiche 

Gua.lconda\^^     k  R.p  Grande^pfSo'"**       „^1._...    M^u 


M      t.      CaSllaL*,^ 
(lor  c^Conchi   1  ^ 

[ocojl,        VleudjA-^ 

^  lU'llW  ^^^- Af  r-t'  t  n  i.Jt 

ToCOpilla    ChupuiLyn  ataj^^;- 

7,!?KX;i>bhranei/<-«"ta^- 


I  f     i       hhclA^i     "  f4^  Marti 

■I  *      «      CL,bbItai  VL' 

i|a,  c>Conchij     ^rf^Abcotan 

^Vleud-.JUirrulaih     

,r-.^t(.HL>>»^an  rL.j\o 
-^  Lochi  \  laducts 
balyadoi-  \ 

)bhrane. 

•--•    ,.     ..,:1    V     'r      '-f   "      -San-Pedro  „ 
c,?>hj:-Vv(aie^!     /        |g|     "-^ae  Atacam^ 

|0--         ^  f'^  -        '* 


Cotagaita 


m  usia 
argo 


An 


#  *■' 


>**°Bd(jn,ete"       -     I 

;.  Negrog»(««v*'-.,. 


Caleta 

ColoSot 


Satdr 


s:':.  / 


iM-''\'> 


rupizd 


V 


REFERENCES. 
A.     A    B.    n.R.    EXISTING    ^Kjsa     HUANCHACA   R.R.         • 

BOLIVIA  R.R.         "  — "^    OTHER  R.R.  ^~ 

,1  ,.       PROPOSEO^^— —     ROADS. STATIONS  ■>  ® 

INTERNATIONAL   BOUNDARIES. 

Hilometrcs 


^= 


50  100  150  '200 

Scale  of  Miles 


Railroad  Map  of  Bolivia  and  Adjacent  Country 


posited  in  the  ancient  sea  of  which  the 
great  plain  was  the  bottom.  In  places 
the  beds  of  sedimentaries  have  been  so 
tilted  that  the  coral  outcrops  are  al- 
most vertical  and  their  rugged  outlines, 
silhouetted  against  the  sky,  resemble  the 
ruins  of  some  half-demolished  wall  or 
battlement. 

To  the  westward  the  level  plain, 
crossed  by  a  few  sluggish  streams, 
stretches    unbroken    almost    to    the    town 


the  e:;ti.ict  volcano  of  Llallagua,  about 
whose  flanks  are  uplifted  sandstones 
and  conglomerates  of  the  lower  Per- 
mian. In  the  disturbed  and  faulted  beds 
of  this  region,  lie  the  Carangas  copper 
deposits. 

Two  Possible  Railroad  Routes  to  the 

Coast 

The  locality,  politically,  is  in  the  can- 
ton of  Turen,  province  of  Carangas,  de- 


November  5,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


911 


partment  of  Oruro,  midway  between  the 
villages  of  Turco  and  Llallagua,  while 
geographically  it  lies  in  the  northwest- 
ern extremity  of  the  great  Titicaca  basin, 
near  the  foothills  of  the  western  Cordil- 
lera of  the  Andes,  whose  summit  here 
marks  the  boundary  between  Bolivia 
and   Chile. 

There  are  two  possible  railway  routes 
from  the  copper  field  to  the  sea  coast: 
(1)  By  constructing  100  miles  of  nar- 
row-gage railway  from  the  mines  to 
Sevaruyo  station  on  the  Antofagasta  & 
Bolivia  Railway,  whence  the  distance 
over  this  road  to  the  port  of  Antofa- 
gasta is  470  miles.  (2)  By  building  a 
branch  70  miles  to  the  northward,  to 
connect  with  the  Arica-La  Paz  Railway 
and  thence  200  miles  over  this  road  to 
the  port  of  Arica.  The  Arica-La  Paz 
Railway  is  now  in  course  of  construction 
by  the  British  firm  of  Sir  John  Jackson 
&  Co.,  and  will  be  in  operation  about 
the  end  of  1911. 


hills  of  the  Cordillera  Real  or  coastal 
range  of  the  Andes,  formed  of  trachyte, 
rhyolite  and  andesite,  the  intervening 
plain  being  filled  with  recent  sands  and 
clays.  The  immediate  hills  of  the  de- 
posit comprise  tilted  beds  of  red,  green 
and  gray  sandstone,  with  intercalated 
beds  of  shale  and  conglomerate,  and 
extend  to  Llallagua  mountain,  a  twin- 
peak  cone  of  ancient  granite  about  five 
miles  to  the   southward. 

To  the  eastward  four  miles  distant,  is 
a  range  of  red  sandstone  hills,  extending 
in  an  almost  unbroken  line  to  the  old 
Coro  Coro  copper  district,  90  miles  to 
the  northward.  This  sandstone  area  has 
a  width  of  20  miles  and  the  beds  grad- 
uate from  the  lower  to  the  upper  Per- 
mian, striking  20  deg.  West  of  North 
and  dipping  at  varying  angles  to  the 
eastward. 

The  red-bed  series,  extending  from 
Coro  Coro  to  the  Carangas  district  are 
more  or  less  copper  bearing  throughout 


tain  native  copper  in  appreciable  quan- 
tity, in  the  form  of  grains,  plates  and 
nuggets. 

Beds  Outcrop  for  Two  Miles 
Beneath  this  comes  the  horizon  of 
economic  importance,  consisting  of  al- 
ternate layers  of  coarse,  red  to  gray 
sandstones  and  fine  conglomerates. 
These  orebeds  vary  in  width  of  from 
1  to  16  ft.  and  the  rock  is  impregnated 
with  and  cemented  by  carbonates, 
oxides  and  silicates  and  carries  native 
copper,  glance,  cuprite  and  other  sec- 
ondary sulphides.  The  average  total 
thickness  of  this  ore-bearing  strata  is 
about  600  ft.  and  its  outcrop  can  be 
traced  for  a  distance  of  two  miles  or 
more. 

Copper    Precipitated    during    Sedimen- 
tation 
The    genesis    of    this    ore    deposit    is 
obscure    and    conclusions   in    this    regard 
must  be  deferred  until  such  time  as  the 


[Tmi 


Geologic  Sketch  Map  of  Carancas  Copper  Deposits 


OVERLYING    BED  OF  BANOETOie 
AND    SHALE.    DANREN 
DAHK  COLORED  SANDSTONE   BE09; 
OLUE.   GREER  ARO  PURPLE,    LOW 
GRADE  ORE. 

ORE-OEARINQ  STRATA  OF  SANO" 
6TORE  AND  CONGLOMERATE. 
FINE  REO   SANDSTONE.   DARREN. 

T\t  J^Tf^nttHnff  i  Mining  JoHriwi 


This  latter  route  is  by  far  the  most 
inviting,  reducing  the  total  haul  to  the 
sea  coast  to  270  miles.  The  70  miles 
of  connecting  line  would  be  built  at  a 
comparatively  light  cost  over  the  almost 
level  plain.  A  temporary  wagon  road 
for  use  of  mule  carts  or  motor  traction, 
would  not  involve  a  great  outlay. 

Explored     Mineral     Area     Comprises 
ABOUT  2500  Acres 

The  limits  of  the  explored  mineral- 
ized zone  comprise  about  2,S0  acres, 
covering  a  low  range  of  rolling  hills, 
which  rise  gently  out  of  the  plateau  on 
the  northern  flank  of  Mount  Llallagua. 
The  country  rock  of  the  district  is  red 
sandstone  of  the  Permian  series.  Six 
miles   to   the   westward    begin   the    foot- 


their  extent.  While  as  a  whole  the 
tilting  of  these  beds  was  caused  by  the 
great  Andean  uplift,  their  extreme  dis- 
turbance in  the  vicinity  of  the  Carangas 
district  is  due  to  their  proximity  to  the 
igneous  mass  of  Llallagua  mountain, 
and  the  rich  ores  in  their  bleached  por- 
tions are  purely  a  local  occurrence,  con- 
fined to  a  comparatively  restricted  zone 
of   faulting   and   fissuring. 

Here  the  overlying  beds  consist  of 
fine-grained  red  sandstone,  devoid  of 
copper.  Beneath  this  is  a  darker  layer, 
weathered  and  sometimes  bleached, 
carrying  unimportant  quantities  of  sili- 
cates, carbonates  and  native  copper,  ex- 
cept in  the  vicinity  of  fault  planes  and 
shattered  zones,  where  the  cementing 
vcinlets  and  stockworks  of  quartz,  con- 


uncovering  of  the  beds  permits  of  more 
detailed  investigation.  I  am,  however, 
inclined  to  favor  the  theory  of  precipi- 
tation simu'laneous  with  sedimentation, 
with  subsequent  readjustment  and  con- 
centration, by  means  of  infiltration,  fol- 
lowing faulting  and  fracturing  by  vol- 
canic  or   seismic   disturbance. 

Deposits  Extensively  Worked  in  Past 

The  copper-bearing  quartz  veins  and 
stockworks  were  extensively  worked  by 
the  Indians  in  times  past,  probably  dur- 
ing the  Inca  regime,  and  in  places  the 
ground  is  dotted  with  half-filled  pits 
and  mounds  of  debris,  the  remains  of 
their  mining  operations.  One  still  hears 
tales  of  finds  of  curious  implements 
and  nuggets  of  copper  in  this  vicinity. 


912 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5.  1910. 


The  present  owners  of  the  ground, 
however,  have  contented  themselves 
with  merely  scratching  the  surface  in 
their  endeavors  to  ascertain  the  extent 
and  value  of  the  deposit.  Shallow 
trenches  have  been  run,  small  pits  sunk 
and  short  tunnels  driven  in  the  hillside. 

tcoNOMic  Importance  of  Deposit  Un- 
questionable 

Sampling  done  upon  several  occa- 
sions has  given  greatly  varying  results, 
the  general  average  of  the  ore  having 
been  returned  by  different  engineers  as 
low  as  2.5  and  as  high  as  7  per  cent. 
However,  the  economic  value  of  a  de- 
posit of  this  nature  cannot  be  deter- 
mined by  results  of  a  few  samples, 
taken  from  leached  outcrops,  and  a  sys- 
tematic testing  of  the  beds  by  means 
of  drill  holes  or  pits  will  have  to  be 
concluded  before  an  attempt  is  made  to 
estimate  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the 
ore-bearing  strata.  On  the  other  hand,  a 
mere  superficial  examination  of  the  ground 
discloses  ample  evidence  of  the  existence 
of  millions  of  tons  of  workable  ore. 

One  ton  of  roughly  sorted  ore,  broken 
from  the  outcrop,  was  shipped  to  Lon- 
don for  testing  purposes.  This  ore  as- 
sayed   12.8    per    cent,    copper    and    lent 


Smelting    at    the    mine    would    not    be 
advisable   at  present   on   account   of   the 


Sandstone   and   Conglomerate   Carry- 
ing 10  Per  Cent.  Copper,  Caranuas, 
Bolivia 


consumption  but  exports  sheep,  vege- 
tables, poultry,  grain,  fodder  and  beans. 
The  Indian  laborer  requires  nothing  else 
and  these  supplies  are  both  cheap  and 
abundant. 

Elevation  12,000  Ft.  but  Climate  is 
Notably   Healthful 

The  climate  of  the  Bolivian  plateau 
at  an  elevation  of  12,000  ft.  is  notably 
healthy  and  imposes  hardship  upon 
neither  foreigner  nor  native.  Fully  75 
per  cent,  of  the  Bolivian  tin  and  silver 
mines  are  located  in  the  mountains  from 
2000  to  4000  ft.  higher  than  the  plateau 
and  operations  proceed  without  incon- 
venience or  injury  to  the  health  of  em- 
ployees or  miners.  At  Carangas  there 
are  only  two  seasons  of  the  year,  the 
wet  from  November  to  February  and  the 
dry    from   March   to   October. 

Considering  the  promising  nature  of 
the  deposit  and  the  existing  favorable 
conditions  for  its  working,  it  seems 
probable  that  with  the  completion  of 
the  Arica-La  Paz  Railway,  mining  opera- 
tions upon  an  extensive  scale  will  be  in- 
stituted here,  and  that  the  entire  dis- 
trict will  be  thoroughly  prospected  in 
search  for  further  copper-bearing  beds 
in   the  sandstone   hills. 


Typical 


:ks  in  the  Carangas  District— Aymara  Indians,  the   Principal  Labor  Supply 


itself  readily  to  treatment  by  concen- 
tration and  leaching,  a  high  percentage 
of  extraction  being  obtained. 

Milling,    Concentration    and    Leach- 
ing OF  Tailings  Advisable 

The  method  of  treating  the  ore  at 
the  mine,  which  first  suggests  itself, 
would  be  milling  and  concentration  up 
to  about  70  per  cent.  The  concentrates 
would  be  shipped  and  residue  of  copper 
in  tailing  would  be  recovered  by  leach- 
ing Sulphur,  for  the  manufacture  of 
acid  for  this  purpose,  could  be  ob- 
tained from  deposits  near  the  summits 
of  one  of  the  volcanic  peaks  in  the 
neighborhood.  An  abundance  of  water 
for  concentration  purposes  is  to  be  had 
from  the  nearby  Rio  Turco,  while  if  de- 
sired, upward  of  2000  h.p.  could  be  ob- 
tained by  installing  a  hydroelectric  plant 
on  the  Coribiri  river,  25  miles  to  the 
west   of  Carangas. 


high  cost  of  imported  fuel;  the  plains, 
however,  support  a  heavy  growth  of 
greasewood,  which  would  furnish  ample 
fuel    for   ordinary   steam-plant  purposes. 

Native   Labor  Supply  Sufficient   and 
Satisfactory 

No  foreign  labor  would  be  required 
in  working  the  property,  since  the  na- 
tive population  would  supply  sufficient 
for  all  purposes.  The  Bolivian  Indian, 
although  primarily  a  farmer  and  _shep- 
lierd,  has  been  a  miner  for  generations 
and  not  only  works  the  mines  of  his 
own  country,  but  emigrates  to  Chile, 
where  he  is  admittedly  an  important  fac- 
tor in  the  mining  and  nitrate  indus- 
tries. While  his  efficiency  is  but  about 
one-half  that  of  a  white  miner,  his  wage 
is  more  than  correspondingly  low. 

The  surrounding  country  is  purely 
agricultural  and  pastoral  and  not  only 
provides     food     supplies     for    domestic 


Copper  Produced  and  Placed  on  Ship 

for  11c.  per  Lb.  in  Coro  Cord 

District 

At  the  present  time  the  nearest  mines 
are  those  of  the  Coro  Coro  district,  90 
miles  to  the  north,  where  copper  ore 
occurring  in  a  similar  formation  has 
been  successfully  worked  for  the  past 
40  years,  the  annual  output  being  about 
2500  tons  of  fine  copper. 

These  mines  are  down  1600  ft.,  upon 
4  per  cent,  ore  which  is  concentrated 
up  to  about  70  per  cent.,  the  concen- 
trates being  shipped  by  wagon  50  miles 
to  Viachi  and  thence  by  lake  steamer 
and  rail  550  miles,  to  the  Peruvian  port 
of  Mollendo.  The  total  cost  per  pound 
of  copper,  placed  on  board  ship,  amounts 
to  lie.  From  1880  to  date  this  field  has 
produced  185,000,000  lb.  of  copper. 
The  ore  occurrence  is  identical  with  that 
at   Carangas. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


913 


Carangas  Deposits  Will  Be  Valuable 
UPON  Completion  of  Railroad 

The  Carangas  deposits,  after  having 
been  deserted  by  the  Indians,  remained 
forgotten  for  generations  and  it  was  but 
a  few  years  ago  that  sheep  buyers 
from  Oruro  noticed  that  the  Indian  shep- 
herds were  building  the  fences  of  their 
cocrals  from  bright-colored  copper  ore. 
This  led  to  investigation  and  upon  the 
discovery  of  the  outcrops  the  properties 
were  taken  up.  A  German  mining  en- 
gineer visiting  Oruro,  heard  of  the  find, 
and  after  examining  the  deposit,  bought 
out  the  native  owners. 

The  isolated  situation  accounts  for  the 
fact  that  the  deposit  so  long  remained 
unknown.  That  the  field  now  promises 
to  become  one  of  considerable  import- 
ance cannot  be  doubted.  The  nature  of 
the  formation,  resembling  as  it  does, 
that  of  Coro  Coro,  promises  a  contin- 
uance of  ore  in  depth.  The  presence 
of  a  bountiful  supply  of  labor,  water, 
fuel  and  sustenance  favors  low  work- 
ing costs.  The  extent  of  the  property  is 
greater  than  that  of  the  workable  Coro 
Coro  area,  and  the  outcrops  are  more 
numerous  and  of  greater  strength  than 
there.  The  one  great  drawback,  lack  of 
transportation,  will  be  remedied  in  1911 
when  trains  run  over  the  Arica-La  Paz 
Railway. 


Reminiscences    of    Early    Mexican 
Experiences 


By  George   W.   Maynard* 


On  my  return  from  Colorado  in  1868 
I  was  asked  by  Samuel  L.  Barlow,  the 
eminent  New  York  lawyer  of  that  day,  if 
I  would  go  to  Mexico  to  make  a  mine 
examination,  to  which  I  assented.  Terms 
and  time  for  starting  were  agreed  to.  As 
I  was  leaving  his  office  he  asked  me  if  I 
knew  anything  about  the  Bartola  gold 
process?  As  a  plant  had  been  installed 
in  Central  City  before  I  left  Colorado  I 
was  able  to  tell  him  that  "the  process 
was  a  fake!"  He  made  no  response 
to  my  criticism,  but  on  my  return  to  his 
office,  on  the  day  appointed  for  the  final 
arrangements  before  leaving  for  Mex- 
ico, Mr.  Barlow's  secretary  informed  me 
that  Mr.  Barlow  had  concluded  not  to  re- 
tain me  because  I  had  condemned  the 
Bartola  process  in  which  he  had  a  large 
pecuniary  interest  and  which  he  intended 
to  adopt  at  the  mine  he  wanted  ex- 
amined in  Mexico.  The  man  who  went 
in  my  place  was  killed  by  Apaches  on 
the  Arizona-Mexico  border  so  I  have 
attributed  the  prolongation  of  my  life  to 
my  knowledge  of  the  Bartola  process. 

Those  who  have  never  heard  of  the 
process  may  be  interested  to  know  what 
Hoctor  Raymond  said  about  it  in  his  1870 


•Mining   engineer. 

"i  "rk. 


Ui)    Xji'^sau    street.    New 


report    to    the    Government    on    "Mines 
and    Mining:" 

Another  Secret  Process 

"It  is  difficult  to  reconcile  the  history 
of  the  Bartola  process  with  the  hypothe- 
sis of  honesty  on  the  part  of  the  inven- 
tor. The  secrecy  with  which  its  manip- 
ulations were  conducted,  and  the  readi- 
ness with  which,  after  failure  in  one 
place,  it  was  revived  with  the  saine 
splendid  promises  in  another,  and  the 
immense  prices  exacted  for  its  use,  in 
advance  of  all  practical  success,  were 
not  the  usual  signs  of  a  sincerely  pro- 
posed improvement  in  metallurgy.  The 
process  consisted  in  an  exposure  of  the 
ore  in  vats  to  the  disintegrating  action 
of  various  chemical  agents,  among 
which,  at  one  time,  were  steam  and  pyro- 
ligneous  acid,  from  the  distillation  of 
green  wood,  and  subsequent  treatment  by 
amalgamation   in  small  pans." 

The  Bartola  mill  was  built  in  the  gulch 
between  Central  City  and  Black  Hawk 
and  the  work  was  carried  on  behind 
locked  doors.  I  once  managed  to  slip  in 
and  found  that  "pyroligneous  acid"  was 
being  generated  by  passing  steam  through 
pine  branches.  Mirabile  dictu!  The 
patent-process  man  could  always  get  a 
hearing  and  capital  and  as  Raymond 
facetiously  expressed  it.  "Colorado  was 
covered  with  outcrops  of  worthless  gold- 
saving  machinery." 

This  is  a  rather  long  explanation  of 
how  I  didn't  go  to  Mexico.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1879,  I  went  to  Arizona  for  the  first 
time  and  put  in  two  months  examining 
many  mining  properties  with  General 
Fremont,  at  that  time  Governor  of  the 
territory.  Before  the  completion  of  my 
work  Professor  Newberry  telegraphed  me 
to  go  to  Sonora,  Mexico,  for  some  of  his 
clients  and  that  Emmet  R.  Olcott,  a  New 
York  lawyer,  would  meet  me  at  some 
point  in  Arizona  and  go  with  me. 
Through  some  misunderstanding  Olcott 
reached  Yuma  fully  a  month  before  I 
could  start.  Imagine  if  you  can  a  month 
in  Yuma  and  the  temperature  of  the  al- 
most daily  telegrams  I  was  getting  from 
him. 

We  finally  met  at  Adonde,  a  water 
tank  about  50  miles  east  of  Yuma.  It 
was  with  considerable  trepidation  that  1 
got  out  of  the  train  for  I  had  fully  ex- 
pected a  warlike  demonstration.  At  first 
he  did  make  remarks,  and  then  expressed 
gratitude  that  1  had  at  last  arrived.  Our 
outfit  consisted  of  a  two-seated  covered 
spring  wagon,  and  a  single-seated  buggy. 
Our  food  supplies,  small  barrels  of  water 
and  cooking  utensils  were  carried  in  the 
double  wagon  in  which  we  rode. 

Character  of  the  Guides 

The  two  men  who  were  our  guides  and 
who  had  the  option  on  the  property  we 
were  to  examine  drove  ahead  in  the 
buggy.      We    subsequently    learned    that 


one  of  the  men,  a  Jew,  had  been  with 
the  Mormons  when  they  attacked  the 
emigrant  trains  at  Mountain  Meadow  in 
Utah,  and  his  companion  had  murdered  a 
man  somewhere  east  and  had  escaped  to 
Yuma.  In  those  days  Yuma  was  a  verit- 
able "Botany  Bay."  Our  driver  w-as  a 
most  original  character  and  had  pros- 
pected from  Mexico  into  British  Colum- 
bia and  all  the  intermediate  country.  His 
experiences  and  unconscious  wit  did 
much  toward  enlivening  our  journey. 

Elevated  Water  Basins 

Our  first  camp  was  at  the  foot  of  a  low 
range  at  a  point  called  Tinacos  Altos 
(high  tanks),  so  called  becauseduringthe 
rainy  season  water  collected  in  natural 
basins  in  the  limestone.  Some  years  pre- 
vious to  our  trip  a  party  which  had  been 
many  days  without  water  camped  at  the 
foot  of  the  mountain  and  although  they 
were  within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  the 
water  were  ignorant  of  it  and  all  died  of 
thirst.  On  our  five-day  drive  there  was 
but  one  well  where  the  water  was  drink- 
able for  the  horses.  Into  another  shal- 
low well  a  variety  of  animals  had  fallen. 

Weather  Hot  but  Quail  Plentiful 

The  temperature  during  the  day  ranged 
from  105  to  115  deg.,  so  we  broke  camp 
before  daylight,  and  camped  in  the  shade 
of  our  wagons  from  noon  until  4  to  5 
p.m.,  and  then  traveled  well  into  the 
night.  We  did  not  lack  for  fresh  meat 
for  the  quail  were  plentiful  and  Olcott 
was  an  expert  with  the  shotgun  and  the 
frying  pan,  so  that  quail  on  toast,  soda 
crackers,  and  omelettes,  as  long  as  the 
eggs  lasted,  were  our  standby  three  times 
in  the  24  hours. 

Mines  Valueless 

Our  objective  point  was  Sonoita  in 
Mexico,  just  over  the  line.  It  did  not  take 
long  to  find  out  that  the  mines  were 
valueless  and  we  probably  did  not  try  to 
conceal  the  fact  that  we  so  regarded 
them,  for  on  our  return  to  camp  early 
one  evening,  the  promoters  not  having  re- 
turned, the  storekeeper  warned  us  to  hitch 
up  and  light  out  and  drive  all  night  as 
he  had  overheard  our  traveling  com- 
panions say  that  we  would  not  get  out 
alive  unless  I  promised  to  make  a  fav- 
orable report.  We  took  his  advice  and 
drove  all  that  night  and  after  resting 
the  team  for  a  few  hours  the  next 
morning  pushed  on  and  finally  over- 
took a  big  w?gon  train  and  camped 
with  them.  The  evening  of  the  follow- 
ing dry  the  precious  pair  drove  into 
camp  and  of  course  expressed  surprise 
that  we  should  have  left  so  soon,  to 
which  we  responded  that  we  had  com- 
pleted our  investigations.  We  traveled 
with  the  train  until  we  reached  the 
railroad.  I  subsequently  learned  that 
it  would  not  conduce  to  my  health  to 
visit    Yuma. 


914 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


Mining  Methods  Employed  at  Cananea,  Mex.— I 

The  Old  Square -Set  System  Replaced  by  Cheaper  Methods.     Geological 
Conditions  Favor  Slicing  and  Caving;  Less  Timber  Required  and  Safer 


B  Y 


MORRIS 


J. 


E  L  S  I  N  G 


It  is  the  object  of  these  articles  to  de- 
scribe the  most  important  methods  of 
mining  at  Cananea,  for  Cananea  is  a 
camp  of  mining  methods.  Under  the  lead- 
ership of  Doctor  Ricketts  every  foreman 
at  the  Cananea  Consolidated  CopperCom- 
pany's  mines  is  constantly  on  the  lock- 
out for  some  new  and  cheaper  method  of 
mining,  or  the  introduction  of  some  new- 
feature  by  which  he  can  reduce  the 
costs  per  ton.  Failures  have  been  made 
with  some  of  the  new  method^  but  they 
are  insignificant  in  comparison  with  the 
successes.  Six  different  methods  will  b,; 
described  which  may  be  classified  as 
opencut  mining,  square  setting,  top  slic- 
ing, caving,  pyramid  and  back  stoping. 

To  fully  appreciate  the  low  costs  ob- 
tained by  these  methods  of  mining  it  is 
well  to  understand  some  of  the  general 
conditions  which  tend  to  produce  them. 
As  a  rule  nearly  everything  is  favorable 
t)  efficient  and  cheap  methods  of  mining. 
For  example,  the  mines  are  comparatively 
dry,  the  ventilation  is  good  and  there  are 
few  stopes  that  are  even  warm.  The  ore 
being  near  the  surface  makes  it  possible 
to  handle  a  large  amount  through  adits. 
Deep  mining  is  not  yet  necessary.  On  the 
whole  labor  conditions  are  good,  while 
the  geological  features,  which  are  the 
most  important  factors  in  the  permitting 
of  cheap  methods  of  mining,  are  most  fa- 
vorable. 

Labor  Conditions 

The  largest  part  of  the  labor  employed 
at  Cananea  is  Mexican.  A  few  China- 
men are  employed  on  the  surface,  es- 
pecially at  Puertocitos  in  the  opencut. 
The  foremen,  bosses,  timekeepers  and  a 
few  others  are  Americans.  The  JVlexican 
labor  is  both  good  and  bad.  There  are 
those  among  them  who  are  excellent 
workers,  good  machinemen  and  steadv 
miners.  As  a  rule  they  are  fine  ore  sort- 
ers, much  of  which  work  has  to  be  done. 
The  average  Mexican  cannot  stand  pros- 
perity. That  is,  he  will  often  work  threj 
or  four  days,  by  which  time  he  will  have 
had  enough  of  work,  and  the  next  day 
when  wanted  he  cannot  be  found.  The 
rncertainty  of  the  Mexican  is  so  great 
that  the  company  pays  a  premium  of  0.2.5 
peso  per  shift,  provided  that  he  works  26 
shifts  during  the  month.  The  premium 
system  is  quite  successful.  The  Chinese 
labor  is  good.  The  Chinaman  is  a  steady, 
faithful  workman.  In  the  opencut  Pt 
Puertocitos   the    Chinamen  are    becoming 

"Mliilim  cnvrlnciT,    Ulstici'.   .Ari/,. 


good  drillers  and  miners,  and  they  can  be 
depended  upon  to  such  an  extent  that 
they  do  not  receive  the  premium  for 
working  regularly. 

The  scale  of  wages  for  Mexican  labor 
per  shift  is  as  follows:  Miners,  3  pesos; 
machinemen,  3.75  pesos;  helper,  3.25 
pesos;  timberman,  4.50  pesos;  repairmen, 
3.50  pesos;  muckers  and  carmen,  2.75 
pesos.  This  does  not  include  the  pre- 
mium. The  Chinaman  receive  2.50  pesos 
for  all  work. 

Favorable  Geological  Conditions 

The  geological  conditions  are  favorable 
for  cheap  mining.  The  ore  is  low  grad;.' 
but  it  can  be  easily  mined ;  and  although 
it  has  a  comparatively  low  concentration 


mined  in  benches  with  a  vertical  hight  of 
80  to  100  ft.  At  present  there  are  three 
of  these  benches  one  directly  above  the 
other. 

Method  of  Breaking  the  Ore 

The  first  breaking  of  the  ore  is  done 
by  means  of  long  holes  drilled  along  the 
top  of  the  benches.  The  drillers  work  :n 
pairs,  the  first  nine  or  10"  ft.  being  drilled 
with  hammers,  while  the  remainder  of 
the  hole  is  churned  down  to  a  depth  of 
22  to  24  ft.  .The  length  of  the  time  of 
drilling  varies  greatly.  It  usually  takes 
from  two  to  four  days  for  each  long  hole 
depending  entirely  on  the  character  of  the 
rock.  The  hole  is  then  sprung  with  sev- 
eral charges  of  dynamite,  while  for  the 


'^^ 


:«£-* 


■•'•■   ;^^^- 


4*m>.  t    ^A  *M   ■•  , ,  I,       ^        ■ 


JJ  —     »>'  •> 


^Kmt*m^  f  <>miia  AUKjA.. ." 


Opencut  Mining  at  Puertocitos 


ratio  it  is  practicable  to  mine  an  average 
of  2.8  per  cent,  copper  ore  which  is  con- 
centrated. The  ore  and  the  waste  are 
usurlly  quite  definitely  defined,  and  where 
it  is  necessary  to  sort  the  waste  from  th'. 
ore,  the  class  is  such  that  the  waste  can 
be  easily  distinguished  from  the  ore.  The 
formations  in  several  of  the  mines,  both 
the  ore  and  the  waste,  are  such  that  they 
stand  well.  The  walls  and  the  pillars  of 
ore  are  of  such  a  nature  that  in  some  of 
the  mines  little  or  no  timber  is  needed 
to  support  the  roof. 

I — Opencut    Mining   at    Puertocitos 

At  Puertocitos  the  ore  occurs  on  the 
surface  in  highly  metamorphosed  lime- 
stone. The  copper  minerals  are  numer- 
ous including  almost  all  the  common 
oxides  and  sulphides.  The  gangue  min- 
erals, besides  limestone  consist  princi- 
pally of  quartz   and   garnet.     The  ore   is 


final  blasting  the  hole  is  loaded  with  five 
or  six  50-lb.  kegs  of  black  powder  and 
fired  with  an  electric  battery.  Often  five 
or  six  of  these  holes  are  fired  at  once, 
breaking  a  large  tonnage  of  ore.  The  ob- 
ject is  to  displace  the  rock  and  shatter  it 
but  not  throw  it  to  any  distance. 

The  cost  of  shooting  these  first  large 
holes  is  comparatively  small.  The  largest 
item  of  cost  consists  in  shooting  plugs 
and  "plasters"  afterward.  This  blasting 
is  done  four  times  a  day,  in  the  morning 
at  8:30  and  12,  and  in  the  afternoon  at 
2:30  and  5  o'clock.  At  these  times  a 
red  flag  may  be  seen  flying  from  a  pole 
ir  a  prominent  place  warning  all  that  it  is 
blasting  time-.  A  half-hour  before  this 
time  a  powderman  and  his  helper  pre- 
pare the  blasts.  The  powderman  places 
from  one-half  to  a  stick  and  one-half  of 
dynamite,  with  a  3-ft.  6-in.  fuse  at- 
tached,   <m    tlic    boulders    which    are    too 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


915 


large  to  break  with  a  hammer.  The 
helper  places  a  small  shovel  full  of  wet 
clay  over  the  powder  to  hold  it  in  place 
on  the  boulder.  Large  boulders  are 
plugged  and  blasted  at  the  same  time. 
At  a  signal  from  the  central  bench  all  the 
fuses  are  spit  together. 

The  ore  contains  considerable  wasts 
and  so  has  to  be  broken  small  enough  to 
permit  sorting  but  not  so  small  as  to  pro- 
duce fines  as  these  cannot  be  sorted. 
With  the  shooting  of  these  "plasters"  the 
men  can  sledge  and  break  up  the  frag- 
ments so  as  to  get  a  fairly  good  separa- 
tion of  waste  and  ore. 

General  Arrangement  of  Bench   and 
Method  of  Handling  Ore 

The  main  haulage  line  over  which  the 
waste  and  ore  are  trammed  is  usually 
near  the  edge  of  the  bench  running  paral- 
lel to  the  working  face  with  switches  and 
turn-sheets  running  from  the  main  line 
perpendicular  to  the  working  face.  The 
accompanying  halftone  engraving,  shows 
the  method   of  working.     Each  bench   is 


Fig.  1.   Svil)  Level  Prospect 
Drifts  and  Raises. 


Fig.  2.  Development  Drifts. 

Ttie  Enffinetnng  ^  .Vintng  Journal 

Plan  of  Slicing  System  at  Cananea 

ill  charge  of  a  foreman  who  directs -the 
arrangements  of  holes,  and  watches  the 
sorting  of  the  ore.  The  handling  of  tho 
waste  and  the  ore  is  an  important  ques- 
tion. The  waste  is  trammed  several  hun- 
dred feel  to  a  small  ravine  where  there 
is  a  large  dump  being  used  by  three 
benches  one  above  the  other.  The  ques- 
tion of  handling  the  ore  is  a  more  difficult 
one.  The  ore  from  the  first  or  lowes/ 
bench  is  dumped  down  a  raise  placed  in 
a  barren  part  of  the  hillside  to  one  side  of 
the  cut.  A  tunnel  at  the  same  elevation 
as  the  railroad  ore  bins  connects  with 
this  raise.  The  ore  is  trammed  direct  to 
the  bins  from  the  chutes.  The  ore  from 
the  second  bench  is  loaded  directly  into 
a  small  bin  from  which  a  gravity  tram 
'runs  to' the  main  bins.  The  handling  of 
ore  from  the  highest  bench  is  still  more 
difficult  and  is  accomplished  by  means  of 
la  raise  and  tunnel  to  the  second  bench 
land  then  down  to  the  main  ore  bins  by 
Imeans  of  the  gravity  tram. 


Sa.mpling 
Very  little  sampling  is  done  at  the 
mine.  Every  day  each  foreman  is  al- 
lowed to  take  two  3-  or  4-lb.  samples. 
Any  attempt  to  take  a  fair  average 
sample  would  be  useless  as  well  as  al- 
most impossible.  The  sample  is  more  a 
deliberately  picked  sample  than  an  at- 
tempt at  an  average.  If  at  any  one  part 
of  the  bench  there  is  ore  that  is  a  little 
bit  doubtful  he  will  sample  that.  Again, 
he  may  take  a  sample  of  what  looks  too 
low  or  perhaps  he  may  sample  some  of 
the  high-grade  ore.  In  this  way  it  is  pos- 
sible to  get  a  fair  idea  of  what  the  gen- 
eral average  of  the  ore  is,  the  ore  being 
finally  sampled  at  the  Cananea  sampling 
works. 

Cost 

The  cost  per  ton  of  ore  is  high  for 
opencut  work,  due  to  the  great  amount 
of  waste  that  it  is  necessary  to  handle. 
The  output  per  man  per  shift,  including 
tool  nippers,  muckers,  bosses  and  all  men 
working  at  the  mine  is  approximately 
nine  K-ton  cars  of  ore  and  waste.  The 
ratio  of  the  number  of  cars  of  ore  and 
waste  varies  considerably.  Approxi- 
mately one-fourth  to  one-fifth  of  the  ma- 
terial handled  is  ore  which  runs  4  per 
cent,  and  better.  That  is,  roughly  one 
ton  of  ore  per  man  is  mined  while  the 
cost  for  powder  is  about  20c.  per  ton 
of  ore. 

Considerable  waste  is  being  used  by 
the  railroad  in  filling  gullies  (now 
trestledl,  which  will  eventually  reduce 
the  cost  of  railroad  maintenance.  The 
greater  part  of  the  waste  is  in  two  large 
dumps  convenient  to  the  railroad  tracks. 
One  cannot  help  wondering  whether 
these  dumps  will  not  be  mined  some  day 
when  a  leaching  process  has  been  dis- 
covered for  this  class  of  rock  which  con- 
tains between  one  and  two  per  cent,  of 
copper. 

II — Square-set  Minins 

The  days  of  square-set  mining  at 
Cananea  are  past.  It  has  been  replaced 
by  modern  methods  of  cheap  mining  and 
it  is  to  these  primarily  that  Cananea 
owes  its  greatness.  Perhaps  not  over  5 
per  cent,  of  the  output  at  Cananea  is  ore 
from  the  old-type  square-set  stope.  How- 
ever, its  importance  is  great  because  it 
has  two  important  functions:  (I)  It  is 
a  necessary  auxiliary  to  the  other  sys- 
tems of  mining  as  it  is  used  in  conjunc- 
tion with  slicing  and  the  different  caving 
and  back-stoping  methods.  (2)  It  can 
always  be  depended  upon  to  work  in  any 
kind  of  ground  where  other  methods  have 
failed.  It  is  the  one  sure,  unfailing 
method,  the  last  resource.  It  is  used  at 
the  Kirk  mine  where  a  narrow  vein  of 
ore  is  being  sloped.  As  employed  it  does 
not  vary  much  from  the  system  followed 
at  the  Copper  Queen  in  Bisbee,  with  the 
exception    that    little    refinement    in    the 


framing  and  fitting  of  timbers  is  neces- 
sary. As  the  ground  is  not  heavy,  stopes 
are  usually  quite  large,  containing  some- 
times 200  to  300  sets  on  each  floor. 

The  Framing  of  Timbers 

Sill  posts  have  a  flat  bottom  and  are 
8  ft.  5  in.  over  all,  making  8  ft.  in  the 
clear.  The  horn  on  each  end  of  the  post 
is  5x5x5  in.  long,  placed  in  the  center. 
Caps  and  ties  are  4  ft.  7  in.  long  with 
a  tenon  5x10x1  K"  in.  long  making  posts 
5  ft.  center  to  center  capway  and  tieway. 
Posts  and  caps  'are  lOxlO-in.  timbers, 
while  the  ties  are  8x10  in.  unframed. 
Posts  on  all  floors  except  the  sill  are  7  ft. 
4  in.  over  all,  giving  6  ft.  6  in.  in  the 
clear.  Little  special  framing  is  neces- 
sary and  what  little  there  is  can  be  done 
by  hand.  Most  of  the  framing  is  done 
at  a  central  sawmill  for  all  the  mines  and 
then  distributed  to  each  mine.  Where 
square  sets  are  used  there  is  usually  a 
small  stock  pile  kept  on  every  level,  thus 
making  it  unnecessary  to  send  on  top  for 
timber.  All  the  chute  lining  is  3-in. 
plank  placed  vertically.  A  small  steel 
arc  chute  gate   is  usually  used. 

Cost  of  Square-set  Mining 

The  cost  of  mining  by  the  square-set 
system  is  necessarily  high.  On  an  av- 
erage, 27  to  31  board  feet  of  timber  are 
used  per  ton  of  ore  mined.  The  ti.nber 
is  usually  a  good  grade  and  costs  con- 
siderably more  than  the  timber  used  in 
slicing.  In  addition  to  the  cost  of  tim- 
ber, mining  cannot  be  carried  on  as  ef- 
ficiently where  square  sets  are  used  be- 
cause of  the  danger  of  breaking  timbers 
with  large  charges  of  dynamite  in  a  more 
or  less  confined  space.  Again,  there  must 
be  added  the  cost  of  framing,  setting  and 
blocking  the  timbers,  which  is  a  large 
item.  The  cost  of  mining,  including  tim- 
ber, will  probably  average  from  SI. 20  to 
51.40  per  ton  for  ore  delivered  to  the 
chutes.  The  excellent  practice  of  charg- 
ing all  prospect  and  development  work 
directly  to  the  ore  is  followed  at  Cananea. 
In  order,  however,  to  put  the  cost  of 
square  setting  on  a  basis  for  comparisons 
with  the  other  methods,  the  cost  of  min- 
iag  and  timbering  alone  are  considered. 

Ill — The  Slicing  System 

The  majority  of  the  orebodies  at 
Cananea  are  mined  by  the  slicing  sys- 
tem. Approximately  65  per  cent,  of  the 
total  output  comes  from  orebodies  at  the 
Veta  Grande,  Oversight,  Capote  and 
America  mines  where  this  system  can  be 
employed  to  advantage.  This  ore  is  us- 
ually chalcocite  disseminated  through  a 
soft  decomposed  kaolinized  porphyry, 
easily  broken  and  well  adapted  to  the 
requirements  of  the  slicing  system. 

General  Method  of  Attack 

Figs.  I  and  2  are  sketches  of  the  act- 
ual method  of  procedure  that  was  fol- 
lowed in  mining  an  orebody  at  the  Over- 


916 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


sight  mine.  Before  actual  sloping  opera- 
tions begin  the  orebody  is  thoroughly 
prospected  by  means  of  raises  and  inter- 
mediate drifts.  Fig.  1  shows  a  number 
of  prospect  drifts  run  to  explore  the  ore- 
body  and  also  the  arrangement  of  the 
raises  to  further  prospect  and  to  facilitate 
mining  it  later  on.  These  intermediate 
prospect  drifts  may  be  run  at  35  and  70 
ft.  above  the  level  where  the  levels  are 
100  ft.  apart.  These  drifts  always  more 
or  less  outline^the  ore,  indicating  the  gen- 
eral plan  to  be  followed  for  the  subse- 
quent mining. 

Square  Setting  Combined  with  Slicing 

When  the  working  drifts  are  opened 
the  top  of  the  orebody  is  usually  mined 
by  means  of  square  sets.  The  object 
in  this  is  that  often  the  upper  portion  of 
the  body  is  irregular  and  squ:ire  setting 
is  the  best  method  applicable  for  mining 
these  undefined  ore  massjs  found  above 
the  main  part  of  the  body.  After  the 
upper  portion  has  been  square  set  the 
floor  of  the  slope  is  covered  with  2-in. 
plank  resting  on  5xl0-in.  sills  10  ft.  long. 
If  possible  before  slicing  begins,  the 
square  sets  are  removed  and  the  back  is 
caved  on  the  plank  floor.  In  this  case 
considerable  timber  can  be  saved,  while 
if  the  square  sets  cannot  be  removed  they 
may  be  gobbed  in  order  to  form  a  pad 
or  mattress  above  the  slice.  Again,  if 
the  top  of  the  orebody  were  more  or  less 
regular  it  might  be  possible  to  mine  it 
out  by  using  stulls  and  head  boards  to 
support  the  roof  and  then  the  plank 
floor  would  be  put  down  as  before.  Ai 
all  events,  the  condition  desired  would 
be  to  make  the  waste  roof  cave  upon  a 
plank  flooring. 

Method  of  Slicing 

A  slice  11  ft.  thick  and  from  50  to  75 
ft.  wide  is  carried  across  the  orebody 
from  one  wall  to  the  other  and  is  usually 
started  at  the  end  of  the  orebody,  as 
shown  in  Fig.  2.  Here  the  slice  was  car- 
ried across  the  body  from  A  to  A',  ap- 
proximately 75  ft.  wide.  Subsequent  sec- 
tions were  mined  from  B  and  C  to  B' 
.nnd  C. 

There  are  several  methods  of  starting 
a  slice.  Fig.  2  shows  small  intermdeiate 
drifts  which  are  run  at  the  bottom  of  each 
Il-ft.  slice.  These  drifts  are  usually  not 
over  6  ft.  high.  They  serve  principally 
as  a  means  for  commencing  the  slice  and 
as  an  entrance  and  exit  to  the  working 
face.  When  one  slice  is  sufficiently  far 
advanced  the  drifts  are  run  in  the  slice 
below. 

The  slice  is  sometimes  commenced 
from  a  raise  near  the  edge  of  the  ore 
by  mining  out  a  drift  10  ft.  wide  and 
with  a  hight  equal  to  that  of  the  slice 
and  perhaps  30  ft.  long  connecting  with 
another  raise.  The  section  is  now  thor- 
ouchlv  opened  and  it  is  possible  to  work 
a  fi'll  foi'cc  of  men  on  the  r^ew  slice  as 
soon  as  the  one  above  has  been  finished. 


In  this  way  the  output  is  kept  as  nearly 
constant  as  possible. 

In  the  actual  operation  of  mining  the 
sills  of  the  slice  above,  with  the  plank 
flooring  resting  on  them,  are  caught  up 
on  stulls.  The  nature  of  the  ground 
varies  considerably.  There  is  much 
ground  where  picking  is  possible  and 
auger  holes  are  used  entirely,  while  there 
is  some  ore  so  hard  that  a  2K>-in  piston 
drill  is  necessary. 

Timbering  to  Support  Roof 

The  stulls  are  from  6  to  10  in.  in  diam- 
eter, while  the  sills  are  5xl0-in. 
timbers,  10  ft.  long.  Sills  were  not  for- 
merly used  with  the  plank  flooring.  The 
sills  add  only  a  small  amount  of  extr.i 
timber  as  formerly  the  planking  had  to  be 


....-;f=.'.c-OJi---..       ^ 


Vertical  Section  ^'"  Engi^cnng  i 

Mining  Journal 

Fig.  3.   Sluicing  System  at  Canane^v 


lapped.  The  great  advantage  is  that  it 
facilitates  catching  up  the  roof  by  means 
of  the  stulls  and  this  extra  expenditure 
for  timber  is  offset  by  cheaper  labor 
costs. 

Stringers  are  placed  5  ft.  apart,  parallel 
to  the  working  face,  and  the  stulls  from 
5  to  10  ft.,  depending  upon  the  weight 
of  the  ground.  The  stulls  are  not  placed 
upon  the  plank  flooring  as  the  post  is 
usually  driven  down  by  the  weight  of  the 
roof  above,  which  would  not  only  break 
the  plank,  but  also  raise  the  floor.  There- 
fore it  is  necessary  to  cut  the  plank  to  fit 
around  the  stulls.  When  sorting  is  ne- 
cessary the  waste  is  thrown  back  on  the 
floor. 

Number  and  Position  of  Raises 

The  matter  of  placing  raises  is  quite 
important.  With  the  intermediate  drifts 
described  it  is  possible  to  use  interme- 
diate raises,  making  the  intermediate 
prospect  drifts  a  sublevel  and  running 
the  ore  to  two  or  three  main-level  chutes. 
Again,  with  these  sub-levels  run  a  little 
way  out  into  the  waste  wall  all  timber 
could  be  lowered  from  the  level  above 
to  the  sub-level  ,ind  hoisted  a  short  dis- 
tance to  the  slice  that  was  working.  The 
most  desirable  location  for  raises  would 
be  from  25  to  35  ft.  apart  all  over  the 
slice.  For  in  this  case  it  would  be  pos- 
sible for  the  miner  to  shovel  directly 
into  the  chutes.  In  actual  practice  this 
cannot  always  be  done  and  the  wheelbar- 


row becomes  a  necessity.  When  the  slice 
has  advanced  30  or  40  ft.  it  is  then  time 
to  drop  the  roof.  This  is  accomplished 
by  boring  a  hole  4  in.  deep  in  each 
stuU,  with  an  air-driven  auger,  and  blast- 
ing it  with  a  piece  of  a  stick  of  powder. 
A  gangway  about  5  ft.  from  the  breast  is 
left,  which  is  lagged  off  and  the  rest  is 
caved.  It  is  possible  to  have  several 
slices  working  at  the  same  time,  in  steps 
so  to  speak.  The  distance  permitted  be- 
tween these  slices  depends  entirely  up- 
on the  weight  of  the  ground. 

Square  setting  is  again  used  as  an  auxil- 
iary to  slicing  in  the  mining  of  irregu- 
lar stringers  and  shoots  of  ore  on  the 
edge  of  the  body  where  slicing  cannot  be 
carried  on. 

Saving  Timber 

Practice  at  Cananea  has  proved  that  it 
is  not  profitable  to  attempt  to  save  stulls. 
This  is  partly  due  to  the  fact  that  these 
timbers  are  of  an  inferior  grade  and 
therefore  cheap.  There  is  another  pre- 
valent idea  that  after  a  large  mat  has 
collected  above  the  ore  it  is  possible  to 
drop  the  roof  directly  upon  the  ore  with- 
out first  putting  down  a  plank  floor.  Prac- 
tice here  again  shows  that  any  attempt  to 
economize  in  plank  flooring  is  not  war- 
ranted and  actually  increases  the  cost  of 
mining. 

Despite  the  fact  that  no  stulls  are 
saved  and  that  a  plank  floor  is  used 
for  every  slice,  only  10  to  11  board  feet 
of  timber  per  ton  of  ore  is  used.     This 


Fig.  4.   Cananea  Method  of  Framing 
Square-set  Timbers 

figure  is  from  large  averages  of  timber 
used  and  is  much  lower  than  some  of 
the  other  Southwestern  copper  camps 
where  slicing  is  employed.  In  Morenci, 
for  instance,  the  board  feet  per  ton  of 
ore  is  practically  as  large  as  by  the 
square-set  method  of  mining. 

Cost  of  Slicing 

Slicing  is  a  cheap  system  of  mining 
and  the  results  at  Cananea  are  especially 
good.  Including  timber  and  labor  charges 
in  delivering  the  ore  to  tlie  chutes,  the 
cost  seldom  exceeds  60  to  70c.  per  ton. 
The  averages  show  considerably  lower 
costs,  but  when  certain  allowances  for 
square  setting  and  other  details  which 
are  usually  attendant,  are  made,  these 
figures  are  conservative. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


917 


Requirements  of  Various  Methods 
The  requirements  for  the  opencut 
inethod  of  mining  need  hardly  be  dis- 
cussed, as  they  depend  only  upon  there 
being  a  sufficiently  large  surface  expos- 
ure of  a  grade  of  ore  that  will  pay  some- 
thing more  than  the  bare  cost  of  mining 
and  beneficiating. 

The  requirements  of  the  slicing  system 
are  several:  (1)  The  condition  of  the 
back  must  be  such  that  after  it  is  broken 
it  will  follow  down  evenly  over  the  whole 
slice  after  the  stulls  have  been  shot 
away.  (2)  The  orebody  must  have 
more  or  less  definite  boundaries.  Irreg- 
ularities are  a  disadvantage  to  the  most 
efficient  working  of  the  system,  as  they 
must  be  mined  by  means  of  square  sets. 
(3)  The  ore  must  be  fairly  homogene- 
ous. It  may  contain  considerable  waste 
which  can  be  sorted  underground  in  the 
slope,  but  the  ore  cannot  pinch  and  swell 
and  contain  rich  ore  separated  by  layers 
::nd  irregular  masses  of  waste. 

Of  all  the  methods  of  mining  de- 
scribed, square  setting  has  the  most  ad- 
vantages, but  balanced  against  these  is 
the  one  disadvantage  of  high  cost.  Be- 
sides the  other  general  advantages  of 
this  system,  at  Cananea  the  most  impor- 
tant are:  (1)  Its  adaptability  to  min- 
ing small  irregular  bodies  of  high-grade 
ore  in  soft,  decomposed  ground.  (2)  Its 
adaptability  to  mining  irregular  off- 
shoots and  stringers  from  orebodies 
where  some  cheaper  method  cannot  be 
employed.  That  is,  its  usefulness  as  an 
auxiliary  to  other  methods  is  of  great 
value.  (3)  Its  adaptability  to  mining 
ground  where  other  methods  have  been 
tried  and  failed.  It  is  the  one  "only  re- 
liable method."  the  grade  of  the  ore  be- 
ing the  only  thing  which   limits   its  use. 

Conclusion 

The  slicing  system  is  well  adapted  to 
the  conditions  at  Cananea.  It  has  the 
great  advantage  of  being  a  cheap  meth- 
od and  its  requirements  are  not  so  rigid 
as  to  make  its  use  rare.  The  method 
is  said  to  be  even  safer  than  the  square- 
set  system,  but  on  the  other  hand,  the 
ventilation  cannot  be  kept  as  good. 

In  the  slicing  system  we  have  the  most 
important  method  of  mining  in  Cananea. 
It  does  not  produce  ore  quite  as  cheaply 
as  the  pillar-caving  system,  which  will 
be  described  later,  but  it  can  be  much 
more  easil>  adapted  to  the  general  condi- 
tions met  in  copper  mining. 


Labor    Conditions    in  Mining 
Washington   Correspondence 


Heavy   Roll  Shells 

The  Inter-Ocean  Steel  Company  has 
lately  rolled,  at  Chicago  Heights, 
III.,  what  are  claimed  to  be  the  heaviest 

'Steel  roll  shells  ever  made.  These  are 
5  in.  thick,  and  have  20-in.  face,  the  in- 
ternal diameter  being  44  in.,  and  the  ex- 

Iternal  54  In.  These  shells  are  weldless, 
being  rolled  from  solid  steel  ingots,  and 

(weigh  a  little  over  4400  lb.  each. 


The  Immigration  Commission,  which 
issued  some  time  ago  a  special  report  on 
bituminous-coal  mining  with  particular 
reference  to  the  condition  of  immigrant 
labor  employed  in  that  industry,  has  com- 
pleted a  series  of  additional  reports  deal- 
ing with  anthracite-coal  mining,  bitumin- 
ous-coal mining  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 
metalliferous  mining  and  smelting,  iron- 
ore  mining,  and  the  steel  and  iron  manu- 
factures. The  reports  will  shortly  be  is- 
sued for  distribution.  It  has  not  been 
generally  known  that  the  cominission  had 
gone  so  fully  into  the  conditions  existing 
in  the  metal  trades  and  in  mining;  but 
the  combined  results  of  the  investigations 
make  the  most  extensive  inquiries  into 
the  subject  the  Government  has  ever  pre- 
pared. As  in  the  case  of  the  coal  report 
already  made  public,  stress  has  been 
placed  upon  labor  conditions  and  rates 
of  wages,  as  well  upon  the  racial  com- 
position  of  the  working  forces. 

The  reports  include  elaborate  reviews 
of  the  growth  of  the  various  branches  of 
industry,  the  conditions  affecting  their 
development,  the  policy  of  employers  in 
hiring  immigrant  labor  and  other  matters 
of  the  same  kind.  These  reports  will 
probably  be  approved  by  the  Immigration 
Commission  at  its  next  meeting,  and 
ordered  to  be  issued  to  the  public. 


Alaska    Boundary  Survey 
Victoria  Correspondence 

The  survey  work  in  connection  with  the 
delimitation  of  the  international  boundary 
line  between  Alaska  and  northwestern 
Canada,  which  has  been  in  progress  for 
years,  is  gradually  approaching  comple- 
tion. Part  of  the  Canada  boundary  sur- 
vey party,  in  charge  of  Frederick  Lam- 
bert, of  Ottawa,  Ontario,  who  has  as  his 
chief  assistant  A.  J.  Rainboth,  also  of 
Ottawa,  has  gone  south,  en  route  to  Ot- 
tawa, having  concluded  the  season's  field 
work.  The  United  States  Government 
has  been  represented  on  this  work  by  D. 
W.  Eaton. 

The  survey  party  of  22  men  spent  the 
summer  in  the  vicinity  of  Ledoux  creek, 
70  miles  from  the  mouth  of  White  river, 
a  tributary  of  Yukon  river  w'hich  it  en- 
ters in  Canadian  territory.  They  worked 
southward,  toward  Mount  St.  Elias,  in  a 
region  that  is  comparatively  level,  so  fair 
progress  was  made  in  clearing  the  right- 
of-way  through  wooded  stretches  of  the 
country  and  marking  the  boundary  line 
by  monuments.  The  following  review  of 
the  work  and  its  progress  is  by  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Canadian  survey  party. 

"Already    the     Intornr-tional    Boundary 


line  between  British  Columbia  and 
Alaska,  from  Portland  canal  to  Mount 
St.  Elias,  has  been  practically  determined. 
The  boundary  between  Yukon  Territory 
and  Alaska,  from  Mount  St.  Elias  north, 
follows  the  141st  meridian  to  the  Arctic 
ocean,  and  traverses  for  the  greater 
length  of  its  600  miles  a  virgin  country, 
parts  of  which  are  unapproachable.  Thus, 
the  unbroken  wilderness  of  snow  and  ice 
throughout  the  St.  Elias  ranges  has  never 
yet  been  crossed  by  man,  and  for  its  sur- 
vey an  airship  is  needed. 

Muck  of  the  Work  Completed  During 
THE  Last  Season 

"The  boundary  line  north  of  the  moun- 
tains and  up  to  the  Porcupine  river  was 
practically  finished  last  summer,  and  only 
tlie  survey  northward  to  the  arctic  ocean 
remains  to  be  done.  In  the  section  of 
the  country  between  the  middle  White 
river  and  the  head  of  the  Chisana-Tanana 
and  the  Porcupine  river  there  were  in  the 
field,  during  the  season  just  closed,  sev- 
eral Canadian  and  United  States  survey 
parties.  Of  these,  Douglas  H.  Welles  has 
about  finished  geodetic  levels  between 
Whitehorse,  in  southern  Yukon,  and  Daw- 
son, which  work  has  occupied  several 
years.  Chief  Lambert's  party,  with 
Thomas  P.  Reilly,  has  practically  com- 
pleted the  survey  south  of  the  Yukon  and 
Porcupine.  William  B.  Gilmore  is  pre- 
paring a  base  for  next  year's  operations, 
where  the  boundary  line  is  cut  by  the 
Porcupine  river. 


Marking 


Boundary 


"The  boundary  line  is  marked  in  three 
ways,  namely,  by  monuments,  by  cutting 
out  the  vista,  and  by  ascertaining  the  ex- 
act line  at  all  points  such  as  the  banks  of 
rivers,  the  crossing  of  trails,  and  the 
summits  or  ridges  of  mountains.  The 
monuments  are  placed  along  the  spurs  on 
the  line.  These  monuments  are  of  alu- 
minum bronze,  and  two  sizes  are  used; 
for  the  more  important  points,  a  large 
size,  five  feet  high  and  tapering  toward 
the  top,  and  weighing  about  275  lb.,  is  set 
in  a  base  250  to  3500  lb.  in  weight.  For 
the  minor  or  less  accessible  points  a 
more  portable  monument  ir  used,  this 
weighing  about  55  lb.  It  is  of  similar 
material  to  the  large  ones,  but  is  a  hol- 
low cone,  three  feet  high,  with  four  legs 
of  cement  set  in  holes  drilled  in  solid 
rock  or  in  a  bed  of  concrete. 

"A  20-ft.  sky  line  is  cut  through  all 
timber  along  the  line.  Accurate  maps 
are  made,  these  showing  the  topography 
for  two  miles  on  each  side  of  the  line. 
The  latitude,  longitude  and  altitude  of  all 
permanent  points  along  the  line,  also  of 
all  monuments,  are  ascertained  and  duly 
recorded.  Transportation  is  the  most  dif- 
ficult problem  of  the  w^ork,  which  is  done 
by  joint  parties  of  Americans  and  Cana- 
dians, the  cost  of  the  operations  being  di- 
vided between  the  governments  of  the 
two  countries." 


918 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


The    Drop    Shaft    Method  of    Sinking 

Details    of    System  of  Shaft  Sinking  Where  Strong  Flow  of  Water  Is 
Encountered.      Hydraulic    Pressure    Used    to    Push   the  Tubbing  Down 


SPECIAL 


CORRESPONDENCE 


In  a  paper  read  before  the  Manchester 
Geological  and  Mining  Society,  Messrs. 
C.  Oilkington  and  P.  L.  ■^Vood  describe 
the  sinking  of  the  Astley  Green  shafts  at 
Astley,  Manchester,  by  means  of  the 
drop-shaft  method  and  underhanging  tub- 
bing. 

This  coalfield  is  about  700  Cheshire 
acres  in  extent,  it  is  bounded  on  the 
northern  side  by  the  Astley  and  Tyldesley 
Company's  coalfield,  and  extends  to  the 
south  beyond  the  Manchester  and  Liver- 
pool railway  on  Chat  Moss.  The  seams, 
which  dip  to  the  south  at  the  rate  of  about 
1  in  5,  comprise  the  complete  series  from 
the  Worsley  Four- ft.  seam  down  to  the 
Arley  seam.  The  surface  is  covered  at 
varying  depths  with  drift,  marls  and 
sandstones;  the  last  named  being  heavily 
watered,  it  was  necessary  that  the  shafts 
should  be  sunk  as  far  as  possible  on  the 
rise,  in  order  that  the  water  might  be 
tubbed  back. 

Boreholes  Showed  Much  Water 

A  borehole  put  down  in  1899  about 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  south  of  the 
pits  now  being  sunk,  proved  that  the  diffi- 
culties would  be  so  great  that  the  scheme 
was  abandoned,  and  to  this  day,  a  large 
volume  of  water  gushes  up  freely  from 
the  bore  hole  above  the  surface  of  the 
land.  The  present  owners,  in  1907  put 
down  a  borehole  24  in.  in  diameter,  in 
the  hope  that  it  might  be  used  for  pump- 
ing to  lessen  the  water  in  the  shaft,  but  it 
proved  only  a  source  of  expense,  anxiety 
and  delay. 

The  drift  proved  to  be  99  ft.  4  in.  thick, 
and  the  marl  and  sandstone  310  ft.  7  in. 
thick  and  freely  watered.  Fortunately  the 
first  30  ft.  from  the  surface  consisted  of 
strong  clay,  but  practically  the  whole  of 
the  remainder  of  the  drift  was  trouble- 
some ground,  consisting  of  layers  and 
pockets  of  sand,  gravel,  and  marl  with 
glacial  boulders. 

Heavy  Masonry  Necessary  with  Drop- 
shaft  System 

After  very  careful  consideration  it  was 
decided  to  adopt  the  drop-shaft  system  as 
the  best  means  of  getting  through  the 
drift.  With  this  system  it  is  extremely 
important  to  have  an  adequate  weight  of 
masonry  at  the  surface  for  providing  re- 
sistance to  the  enormous  hydraulic  pres- 
sure, which  it  is  necessary  to  use  in  or- 
der to  push  the  tubbing  down.  The 
authors  described  an  arrangement  for  se- 
curing this  resistance,  which  so  far  as 
they  know,  is  the  first  of  its  kind,  and  is 
their  own  dosign. 


A  temporary  wooden  ring  was  first  laid 
on  the  surface  clay,  the  center  of  the 
ring  being  the  center  of  the  shaft.  In 
this  ring,  26  equidistant  holes  were  bored 
at  a  radius  of  13  ft.  9  in.  from  the  cen- 
ter, and  upon  it  a  circular  ring  of  9-in. 
brickwork,  with  an  inside  radius  of  12 
ft.  5;/j  in.,  was  built  5  ft.  high  to  the 
same  center.  On  the  top  of  this  brick- 
work another  wooden  ring  similar  to  the 
first  one  was  fastened,  with  the  holes  in 
the  two  rings  exactly  plumb.     Bolts,  IJ/j 


porarily  held  in  position  by  the  two 
wooden  rings.  The  concrete  being  only 
3'/,  ft.  thick,  another  short  wall  was 
built  up  around  the  outside  of  the  5  ft. 
of  brickwork,  inclosing  the  bolts  in  solid 
masonry,  after  which  the  top  wooden  ring 
was  removed,  and  a  cast-iron  ring,  having 
holes  through  which  the  short  bolts  pro- 
truded, was  inserted.  These  bolts  were 
screwed  at  each  end  for  3  in.,  the  screw 
portion  sticking  up  above  the  ring.  Sleeve 
nuts  5  in.  long  were  screwed  on  to  the  top 


Banking  Level 


Circular  Girder 
round  which  Electric 
Crane  Ran 


Baclcing  Deals, 

3'3"iD  Lenglh 

X  2"in  Thicitnesa 


Hangers  made  irom 
,lrou  l"S(iuare 


.The  Extra  (iround  behiud^ 
I  Backing  Deals  was  taken 
I  out  as  Che  Brickwork  wo* 
I       being  Built  upwards 

Is 


Brick  Thrust 
Pillar 


Skew  Anchor 
Bolt 


Reinforced 

.Concrete 

Block 

Surface 

Soil 


Brown  Clay 


Bricking  Ring 


Cutting  Kilgc 


Fio.  1.  Section  of  Headgear  and  Top  of 
Shaft 

in,  in  diameter  and  6  ft.  Ss  in.  long,  and 
screwed  at  each  end,  were  then  placed 
through  the  holes  and  pushed  9  in.  into 
the  clay.  A  large  hexagonal  and  strong- 
ly reinforced  concrete  block  measuring 
about  50  ft.  across,  was  then  laid  around 
the  outside  of  this  brickwork.  This  con- 
crete block  was  a  very  important  feature 
of  the  sinking. 

Method  of  Building  Up  the  Concrete 

As  the  concrete  was  built  up,  it  inclosed 
around   the   short   bolts  which   were   tctn- 


Brickiug  Riiif; 


Channel  Iron  CirculoS 
airdcr  lo"Deep 


FiC. 


Tha  Enaineiring  J  Minina  Journal 


Showing  Method  of  Sinking 
Down  to  Anchor  Ring 


of  the  bolts  so  the  latter  could  be  length- 
ened later. 

In  building  up  the  brick  thrust-pillar, 
additional  holding-down  bolts  were  built 
in  on  the  skew  from  the  pressure  ring  to 
the  outside  of  the  pillar.  This  was  an 
innovation  of  the  authors  which  subse- 
quent events  proved  to  be  of  great  value. 
In  order  to  place  these  skew  anchor  bolts 
in  position  after  the  pressure  ring  was 
fixed,  it  is  obvious  that  the  whole  of  the 
brickwork  would  not  be  built  at  once  of 
the   required  width. 


November  5,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


919 


Hydraulic  Jacks  Used  underneath  the 
Pressure  Ring 

When  the  tubbing  had  been  built  in 
the  shaft  to  within  6  ft.  of  the  pressure 
ring,  twelve  hydraulic  jacks  were  placed 
underneath  the  pressure  ring,  and  were 
suspended  by  strong  bolts  through  holes 
provided  in  the  casting.  A  special  fea- 
ture of  the  jacks  was  that  by  opening 
one  tap  and  closing  another,  the  water 
pressure  would  lift  the  pistons  to  the  top 
of  the  stroke,  which  saved  a  great  deal 
of  labor,  as  the  pistons  were  very  heavy. 
The  ttibbing  rings  were  each  4  ft.  11  1/16 
in.  in  hight;  the  hydraulic  jacks,  however, 
only  had  a  stroke  of  22  in.,  as  they  wou!d 
have  been  much  too  cumbersome  with  a 
-  tt.  stroke.  To  get  over  this  difficulty, 
n  special  cast-iron  rings  were  made, 
each  being  one-third  of  the  hight  of  the 
standard  rings.  When  the  jacks  had 
pressed  a  new  ring  of  tubbing  down  22 
.  in.,  the  pistons  were  raised  back  to  the 
normal  position,  and  ore  of  the  small 
fines  of  tubbing  was  temporarily  bolted 
on  to  the  last  main  ring  of  tubbing.  This 
m  its  turn  was  pushed  down,  after  which 
the  second  small  ring  of  tubbing  was  in- 
serted and  pushed  down  as  before.  The 
pistons  were  again  raised,  the  temporary 
rings  taken  off,  and  a  permanent  ring  of 
tubbing  placed  in  position.  This  process 
was  again  repeated,  until  the  whole  of  the 
tubbing  was  pushed  down  to  a  total  depth 
of  112.54   feet. 

Drop-shaft  Method  Best  in  Treacher- 
ous Ground 

Where  the  ground  was  treacherous,  the 
authors  said  the  drop-shaft  method  of 
sinking  was  of  the  greatest  advantage,  as 
the  cutting  shoe  was  always  well  below 
the  shaft  bottom,  and  at  no  time  was 
rouble  experienced  from  collapsing  sides. 
A  strange  feature  of  this  system  was  that 
although  the  tubbing  itself  was  of  enor- 
■nous  weight  (being  at  the  completion  of 
:he  drop-shaft  process  514  tons)  in  bo 
:ase  did  it  travel  down  without  the  aid  of 
lydraulic  pressure.  Care  was  taken, 
lowever,  that  nothing  that  was  hung  in 
:he  shaft  could  foul  it  if  it  moved. 

The  water  at  times  exceeded  15,000  gal. 
OST  hour,  and  was  got  out  of  the  shaft 
3y  a  number  of  Ellison  pulsometers; 
lowever,  great  trouble  was  met  with  from 
he  sand  and  small  debris  obstructing 
he  pumps.  When  the  shaft  became  too 
.^eep  to  pump  to  the  surface  in  one  lift, 
anks  were  slung  and  the  lift  divided. 

As  Messrs.  Oilkington  and  Wood  in 
heir  paper  recall,  in  pushing  down  tub- 
bing, the  only  guide  to  keep  it  perpendic- 
Mlar  is  the  distance  between  the  anchor 
ing  and  the  pressure  ring.  It  is  there- 
fore, quite  possible,  especially  in  loose 
')r  inclined  strata,  that  the  tubbing  may 
•ary  somewhat  from  the  vertical.  To  pro- 
■  ide  for  this  in  the  Astley  sinking  in  the 
llrop-shaft  portion,  the  tubbing  had  an 
nternal  diameter  of  23  ft.  The  rest  of 
he  tubbing  below  has  an   internal  diam- 


eter of  only  21  ft.  On  plumbing,  the 
tubbing  was  found  to  be  3's  in.  out  of 
the  vertical  so  a  special  tubbing  ring  was 
made  11/16  in.  deeper  on  one  side  than 
the  other.  Two  conical  reducing  rings 
were  then  put  in  to  bring  the  diameter  to 
21  ft.,  and  they  also  provided  a  reliable 
support  for  the  tubbing.  The  center  of 
the  bottom  ring  was  then  projected  on  to 
the  doors  at  the  surface,  and  now  acts  as 
the  center  line  for  the  rest  of  the  sink- 
ing, although  of  course,  it  is  not  the  cefi- 
ter  of  the  upper  part  of  the  shaft. 

German  Tubbing  Cheapest 

The  authors  say  it  is  interesting  to 
comp::re  the  cost  of  the  German  and 
English  tubbing.  The  former  in  the  bot- 
tom section  was  2  3/16  in.  and  the  latter 
2^4  in.  thick.  Although  the  cost  per  ton 
of  the  English  tubbing  was  S9.68  cheaper 
than  the  German  tubbing  for  the  thick- 
nesses mentioned,  the  English  tubbing 
cost  S135.24  per  foot  and  the  German  tub- 
bing $126.66,  that  is  $8.58  per  foot  in  fa- 
vor of  the  German  tubbing.  This  was 
largely  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  Ger- 
mans used  no  vertical  flanges  except 
these  for  bolting. 

At  a  depth  of  1110  ft.  it  is  anticipated 
that  about  90  ft.  of  water-bearing  rock 
will  be  met  with  between  the  Worsley 
Four-ft.  seam  and  the  Buin  seam,  for  at 
the  Kennishaw  Nook  shaft,  belonging  to 
the  Astley  and  Tyldesley  Coal  Company, 
Lid.,  in  sinking  through  that  rock,  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  water  was  met  with. 
The  authors  hope  that  as  this  rock  will 
be  passed  through  at  a  much  lower  level, 
there  will  be  less  water  to  deal  with. 
Whatever  the  quantity  may  be,  however, 
they  consider  the  depth  too  great  for  tub- 
bing, and  to  deal  with  it,  they  will,  there- 
fore, put  in  a  permanent  pumping  sta- 
tion. During  the  time  of  sinking  if  the 
amount  justifies  it,  it  is  intended  to  put  in 
an  electrical  centrifugal  pump.  After 
these  water-bearing  strata  are  passed,  it 
is  expected  that  the  rest  of  the  sinking 
will  be  dry,  and  that  the  Arley  seam  will 
be  found  at  a  depth  of  3360  feet. 

The  accompanying  figures  show  ( 1 ) 
section  of  headgear  and  top  of  shaft,  (2) 
section  showing  method  of  sinking  down 
to  position  of  anchor  ring. 


shaft  deepens.  The  following  analysis 
is  from  the  expert  reports:  Carbon, 
58.7;  volatile  matter,  18.8;  ash,  20.5; 
moisture,  2.  As  this  particular  field  is 
located  so  that  the  coal  can  be  advan- 
tageously mined  and  transported,  it  will 
prove  of  great  value  in  furnishing  cheap- 
er fuel  to  the  existing  factories  and  man- 
ufacturing concerns,  as  well  as  to  those 
contemplated  within  the  States  of  Per- 
nambuco,  Alagoas,  Fergipe  and  Bahia. 


Coal   Deposits  in  Brazil 

Quite  recently,  within  the  State  of 
Pernambuco,  was  discovered  what  prom- 
ises to  be  a  most  valuable  coalfield.  Ac- 
cording to  U.  S.  Consul  Griffith,  the  area 
embraces  about  22  square  leagues,  and 
is  situated  about  1000  ft.  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  The  first  seam  was  encoun- 
tered at  a  depth  of  70  ft.,  underlying  a 
formation  of  clay  mixed  with  sand  and 
coal  fragments  impregnated  with  sul- 
phides. While  the  analysis  shows  the 
first  seam  exposed,  to  be  of  only  fair 
quality,    its    richness     increases     as    the 


Making    Coke    from    a    Non- 
coking  Coal 

Special  Correspondence 

It  is  generally  known  that  the  slack 
of  all  semi-anthracite  coals  does  not  coke, 
but  chokes  the  fire  and  prevents  the  air 
passing  through  the  burning  coals.  Not- 
withstanding this  fact,  however,  there 
have  been  attempts  more  or  less  success- 
ful to  coke  coals  which  are  naturally  non. 
coking.  The  anthracite  coal  of  Wales 
has  been  successfully  coked  by  the  ad- 
dition of  6  per  cent,  of  pitch,  giving  a 
superior  coke  that  brings  a  higher  sell- 
ing price  than  the  coke  of  true  coking 
coal. 

A  system  of  coking,  known  as  the 
Thompson-Heskett  process,  is  foHowed 
at  the  Bluff  Colliery  Coking  Works,  in 
the  centril  district  of  Queensland,  Aus- 
tralia. At  this  colliery,  the  coal  is  not 
a  coking  product,  and  it  is  interesting  to 
observe  that,  by  this  system,  and  with 
the  admixture  of  tar,  molasses  and  resid- 
ual oils,  the  resultant  coke  was  found 
to  be  of  high  value.  One  thing  is  notice- 
able in  this  coke,  however,  and  that  "is 
that  the  final  product  is  granular  rather 
than  cellular,  and  is  but  slightly  inter- 
sected  by  cracks. 

The  Coking  Plant 

The  final  coking  plant  as  completed 
at  the  Bluff  colliery,  consists  of  a  factory 
built  of  wood  and  cased  in  galvanized 
iron;  this  structure  has  three  floors  carry- 
ing the  machinery  and  appliances  for 
preparing  the  coal  for  th-j  ovens.  To  the 
left  of  this  main  building  is  a  low  shed, 
covering  a  sloping  cistern,  which  receives 
the  slack  from  a  hopper  car,  which  leaves 
the  main  line  and  traverses  a  set  of  rails. 
The  slack,  by  gravitation  and  automatic 
arrangement,  passes  on  to  a  conveying 
belt,  which  feeds  a  mill  that  reduces 
the  already  small  coal  to  a  fine  powder. 

The  ground  coal,  by  a  series  of  con- 
veyers, is  elevated  to  a  hopper  on  the 
upper  floor  of  the  building.  Immediately 
beneath  this  hopper  is  a  circulating  druin 
holding  about  7  cwt.  of  coal,  into  which 
the  added  tar,  etc.,  is  pumped  from  a 
cistern  below.  This  drum,  with  the  con- 
veyer, etc.,  is  operated  by  belts.  Tweiity 
minutes'  circulation  of  the  drum  thor- 
oughly  mixes   the   coal,   tar,   etc.;   how- 


920 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


ever,  as  it  is  apt  to  form  balls  in  the 
drum,  the  mixture  passes  into  a  lower 
hopper,  from  whence,  by  what  is  intended 
to  be  automatic  delivery,  it  passes  into 
a  pugg  mill.  The  pugging  occupies  six  to 
eight  minutes,  and  the  mixture  is  deliv- 
ered on  the  floor  ready  for  compression 
into  blocks,  which  at  present  are  pressed 
by  hand  labor.  These  blocks  are  of 
two  sizes  and  shapes,  and  are  arranged 
for  the  two  different  ovens  in  use. 

Details  of  the  Ovens 

One  of  the  ovens  is  a  longitudinal  af- 
fair, being  24  ft.  by  6  ft.  6  in.  This  oven 
is  arched  at  the  top,  and  is  heated  by 
fires  and  flues  in  the  sides.  Rails  are 
laid  in  this  oven  3  ft.  6  in.  gage,  and 
set  in  firebrick  pedestals.  The  molds 
for  the  mixture  are  put  on  iron  trolleys, 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  on  strong  axles,  and 
the  tables  of  the  trolleys,  2  ft.  above 
the  rails,  are  protected  by  firebricks  and 
fireclay,  channels  being  cut  for  the  heat 
to  pass  under  the  molds.  There  are 
six  blocks  on  each  trolley,  having  been 
pressed    into    one    big   subdivided    mold. 


of  transverse  compartments,  with  fire- 
grate beneath  and  between,  into  which 
the  heat  is  conveyed  by  port-holes,  right 
and  left,  and  into  flues  rising  into  the 
combustion  chamber,  which  extends  along 
the  whole  length  and  breadth  of  the 
oven,  and  is  covered  by  a  flat  arch.  The 
sides  of  these  vertical  flues  are  perforated 
to  allow  the  heat  to  get  to  the  coke.  Two 
or  more  of  the  flues  are  downcast  and  are 
conducted  into  the  chimney  for  escape 
gases.  The  bottoms  of  these  ovens, 
which  are  7  ft.  by  2  ft.  6  in.  wide,  slope 
from  one  end  to  the  other,  having  a  fall 
of  1  ft.;  iron  rods  are  embedded  in  the 
upper  course  of  the  floor,  to  facilitate 
the  ingoing  and  egress  of  the  molds. 
The  doors  of  these  ovens,  back  and  front, 
are  simultaneously  opened  and  shut  by 
means   of  a  traveling   windlass. 

Analysis  of  Bluff  Coal 

The  coal  at  Bluff  mine  shows  the  fol- 
lowing composition:  Moisture,  1.4;  vol- 
atile matter,  8.4;  fixed  carbon,  79.4;  ash, 
10.8  per  cent.  An  analysis  of  coke  made 
from    Bluff    coal    shows    the    following: 


have  been  determined  on.  The  first  will 
be  at  Birmingham,  Ala.;  the  second  at 
Huntington,  W.  Va. ;  and  the  third  at 
Wilkes-Barre,  Penn.  The  Wilkes-Barre 
station  will  cover  the  anthracite  field. 
Other  stations  will  be  established 
throughout  the  country  as  soon  as  the 
plans  are  prepared,  and  the  best  locations 
decided   on. 


Anthracite  Coal  on  the  Pacific 
Coast 


Special  Correspondence  " 

Announcement  has  been  made  to  the 
effect  that  the  General  Land  Office  has  is- 
sued a  patent  covering  640  acres  of  an- 
thracite coal  land  situated  in  the  JVit. 
Baker  district,  Whatcom  county,  Wash- 
ington. The  anthracite  coal  deposits  in 
this  district  were  visited  last  July  by 
Prof.  Milnor  Roberts,  dean  of  the  Wash- 
ington State  School  of  Mines,  at  Seattle. 
Professor  Roberts  'has  given  the  fol- 
lowing information  relative  to  this  de- 
posit. 


-^ 


■  -HDifJWv^*"**^ 


^    Bik 


% 


r£ 


Fig.  1.    Discovery  Tunnel  of  the  Anthracite  Field 
IN  Mr.  Baker  District 


Fig.  2.   SH0^x's  Smith's  Tunnel  Driven  across  the 
Measures  To  Cut  Coal  Seam 


The  three  trolleys  are  joined  by  coup- 
lings, and  a  rope  operated  by  an  engine, 
draws  the  trolleys  into  the  oven,  which 
is  closed  by  iron  doors  at  each  end.  The 
doors  are  sealed  with  clay,  and  the  fires 
lighted.  The  flames  are  thrown  by  baffle 
walls  over  the  prepared  coke,  and  car- 
ried by  flues,  having  apertures  at  the 
level  of  the  carriages,  into  one  or  two 
collecting  underground  flues,  leading  to 
the  chimney,  which  is  between  the  two 
ovens.  In  practice,  after  the  first  firing, 
the  fires  are  not  again  lighted  for  sub- 
sequent charges,  the  heat  of  the  oven 
being  sufficient  to  set  the  gases  burning. 
Coking  takes  from  36  to  48  hours.  The 
doors  are  then  raised,  a  third  batch  is  at- 
tached to  the  hinder  trolley,  and  the 
whole  charge  is  pulled  out  and  cooled 
by  water  thrown  from  a  hose.  This  oven 
holds  about  4''.  tons  of  coke. 

A  Second  Type  of  Oven 

The  other  type  of  oven  used  is  of 
different  construction.  It  also  is  longi- 
tudinal and  is  subdivided   into  a  number 


Moisture,  1.17;  fixed  carbon,  85.47;  ash, 
13.36.  It  requires  about  120  tons  of 
Bluff  coal  to  make  100  tons  of  coke; 
this  compares  with  about  160  tons  of 
American  coal  to  make  100  tons  of  coke. 


TThe  New  Mine  Rescue  Station 
in  Indiana 

The  new  mine  rescue  station  in  Indiana 
will  be  opened  by  the  Government,  at 
Evansville,  on  Thanksgiving  Day.  After 
Nov.  24,  the  station  will  be  ready  at  a 
moment's  notice,  day  or  night,  to  answer 
an  emergency  call.  The  installation  will 
be  under  the  charge  of  a  foreman,  a 
man  with  pract'cal  mining  experience, 
who  has  been  a  miner,  a  fire  boss,  mine 
foreman,  manager  of  a  mine  or  an  in- 
spectorofmines.  Doctor  Holmes,  director 
of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  has  not  yet 
selected  a  man  to  serve  as  foreman  of  the 
Evansville  station.  The  location  of  three 
of  the  nine  new  rescue  stations  recom- 
mended for  the  coalfields  of  the  country. 


The  coal  is  anthracite,  but  is  different 
from  any  Pennsylvania  anthracite  I  have 
seen.  Pennsylvania  anthracite  usually 
has  a  brilliant  luster  that  is  slightly 
brassy  in  color,  but  the  Mt.  Baker  coal 
has  a  steel-gray  cast,  if  such  a  term  can 
be  applied  to  a  black  coal.  It  has  the 
usual  conchoidal  fracture  of  anthracite; 
some  of  the  openings  show  it  to  be  much 
crushed,  but  in  other  places  it  is  solid. 
It  burns  in  the  customary  manner  of 
anthracite,  but  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  seams  so  far  discovered  show  a  rath- 
er high  percentage  of  ash.  Most  of  the 
development  is  in  seams  that  stand  at 
sharp   angles   of  dip,   40  or  45   degrees. 

The  accompanying  illustration.  Fig.  I. 
shows  the  discovery  tunnel  of  the  an- 
thracite field  in  the  Mt.  Baker  district. 
The  tunnel  is  located  at  an  elevation  of 
4400  ft.  in  the  foothills  of  Mt.  Baker, 
six  miles  from  Glacier,  on  the  Nooksack 
river,  the  terminus  of  the  Bellinghani 
Bay  &  British  Columbia   railroad. 

The  full  width  of  the  seam,  1 1  ft.,  ap- 
pears in  Fig.  3,  the  dip  being  to  the  right, 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING    JOURNAL 


921 


roughly  parallel  with  the  fallen  hemlock 
legs.  The  Washington  Development 
Company,  which  owns  the  surrounding 
group  of  claims,  is  operating  two  dia- 
mond drills  under  Johannis  Berg,  an  ex- 
pert from  South  Africa.  Anthracite  from 
the  nearby  prospect  holes  has  been  used 
exclusively  for  raising  steam  for  the 
drills,  with  good  results. 

Fig.  2  shows  Louis  Smith's  tunnel  in 
Sec.  30,  T  39N,  R  7E,  situated  V'j  miles 
from    Glacier.      This    tunnel    was   driven 


drills  are  now  at  work  prospecting  to 
determine  the  loc:;tion  at  depth  of  seams, 
which  have  been  uncovered  at  the  sur- 
face. A  curious  feature  of  the  occur- 
rence of  this  anthracite  is  the  nearby 
presence  of  metamorphic  sedimentary 
rocks,  slates  and  schists;  in  fact,  quartz 
veins  are  found  quite  near  the  coast. 
Doubtless,  the  small  amount  of  volatile 
matter  present  in  the  coal  is  due  in  part 
to  the  metamorphic  action  that  produces 
the   slate   and   schists. 


Recommended  Changes  in  Indiana 
Mine  Laws 

Indianapolis  Correspondence 


James  W.  Epperson,  State  mine  inspec- 
tor for  Indiana,  will  recommend  to  ths 
next  legislature  a  number  of  changes  in 
the  law,  which,  after  careful  study,  he 
deems  necessary  in  order  to  throw  great- 
er protection  about  the  men  engaged  in 
mining    coal.      The    recommendations    he 


Fic.  3.   Showing  Full  Width  of  Seam,  the  Dip 
Being  Parallel  with  Fallen  Hemlock 


Fig.  4.  View  of  Power  Plant  for  High-tension  Line 
OF  Whatcom  County  Railway 


across  the  measures  of  altered  sedi- 
mentary rocks  to  cut  the  coal  seam  that 
had  been  prospected  by  a  shaft. 

A  high-tension  line  of  the  Whatcom 
County  Railway  and  Light  Company 
passes  throus^h  Glacier  on  its  way   from 

I  the  power  plant  (Fig.  4).  below  Nook- 
sack  falls,  7  miles  upstream  from  Glacier, 
to  Bellingham,  where  most  of  the  power 

1  is  distributed  and  used. 

Excellent  trails  have  been  built  from 
Glarier  to  the  properties.     Two  rliamond 


There  are  other  claims  which  are 
about  as  good  as  those  already  patented, 
and  it  is  likely  that  patents  will  be  is- 
sued for  some  of  them.  The  whole  re- 
gion has  been  tied  up  somewhat  until 
patents   could   be   obtained. 


The  largest  cargo  of  iron  ore  ever  load- 
ed on  the  Lakes  was  carried  recently  by 
the  steamer  "Norman  B.  Ream,"  which 
left  Escanaba  with  13,410  tons  of  ore 
for  South  Chicago. 


will  present  are  due  to  pres- 
ent conditions,  which  arc  not  unlike 
those  at  the  scene  of  the  Cherry 
disaster  in  Illinois,  and  briefly  sums  them 
up  as  follows: 

A  law  providing  that  every  driver  in 
a  mine  shall  be  provided  with  a  portable 
seat  on  the  car  adjustable  to  either  end 
of  the  car,  and  making  it  an  offense  for 
him  to  ride  in  the  car  except  when  he 
uses  such  seat. 

An   amendment   to   the  present   law   to 


922 


THE"  ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


provide  that  all  powder  or  other  explo- 
sives shall  be  stored  in  boxes  which 
shall  be  kept  securely  closed  at  all  times, 
except  when  miners  are  preparing  their 
cartridges  or  charging  blasts,  such  boxes 
to  be  approved  by  the  inspector  of 
mines  and  not  to  be  kept  nearer  than 
100   ft.   to   any   working   face. 

A  law  providing  that  all  debris  shall 
be  kept  out  of  the  last  "breakthrough" 
between   rooms  or  entries. 

Examination  of  Mines 

An  act  amending  the  present  statute 
to  provide  that  the  time  elapsing  between 
the  examination  of  any  working  place  in 
a  mine  and  the  regular  time  for  the  min- 
ers to  go  to  work,  shall  not  exceed  three 
hours,  providing  that  when  a  place  is 
found  to  contain  gas,  evidence  of  the 
fact,  together  with  the  exact  time  of  the 
examination,  shall  be  posted  conspicu- 
ously at  each  entrance  to  the  place,  and 
that  if  a  dangerous  quantity  is  found,  the 
words,  "Gas;  Keep  Out."  shall  be  posted, 
and  providing  further  that  the  tirne 
elapsing  between  the  examination  and  the 
time  for  working  where  dangerous  gas  is 
suspected,  shall  not  exceed  one-half  hour. 
The  amendment  as  proposed  provides  for 
the  punishment  of  any  mine  official  in 
charge  of  men  who  orders  workmen  to 
work  in  a  place  supposed  to  contain 
firedamp,  unless  examinations  have  been 
made  and  reported;  provides  for  the  pun- 
ishment of  workmen  who  knowingly  en- 
ter when  posted  as  dangerous  because 
of  gas;  the  amendment  also  provides  for 
adequate  records  of  examination,  and  for 
the  surrender  of  the  certificate  of  any 
fire-boss  who  shall  sign  a  false  report 
of  an  examination 

A  law  making  it  unlawful  for  any  min- 
er or  other  person  to  recharge  a  drill 
hole  that  has  once  been  charged  and 
fired.  An  amendment  to  the  laws  con- 
cerning illuminating  oils  for  use  in  mines, 
fixing  punishment  and  imprisonment  for 
any  person  selling  or  offering  for  sale 
any  oil  for  illuminating  purposes  that  is 
inferior  to  that  prescribed  by  law,  and 
fixing  like  punishment  for  any  person 
who  uses  coal  oil,  black  jack  or  machine 
oil  for  illuminating  purposes  in  a  coal 
mine.  A  law  requiring  fire-hose  equip- 
ment and  water  pipes  running  at  least 
400  ft.  from  the  shaft  along  the  main 
entries,  and  requiring  the  equipment 
of  the  mine  with  proper  appliances  for 
fighting  fire  in  and  about  the  tipples. 

An  amendment  providing  for  the 
transportation  of  explosives  in  mines; 
and  also  providing  that  all  electric  wires 
and  electric  motors  shall  be  so  insulated 
as  to  prevent  injury  to  workmen.  There 
is  also  an  amendment  making  it  an  of- 
fense for  a  miner  to  use  a  machine  which 
is  not  provided  with  shields. 


Lehigh  &  Wilkes-Barre  Coal 
Company 

This  company  is  a  subsidiary  of  the 
Central  Railroad  Company  of  New  Jer- 
sey, and  operates  a  number  of  collieries 
on  the  lines  of  that  road.  Its  report 
for  the  year  ended  June  30  shows  capi- 
tal liabilities  as  follows:  Stock,  S9.212,- 
500,  all  owned  by  the  Central  Railroad 
Company;  funded  debt,  $20,011,058.  The 
accummulated  surplus  was  $1,297,171  at 
the  end  of  the  year. 

The  coal  statement  for  the  year  is  as 
follows,  in  long  tons: 

1908-9      1909-10      Changes. 

Coal  Jlined 4,093,655  4,021,773  D.      71,882 

Coal  bought 844.001      815,969  D.      28,032 

Total 4,937,656  4,837,742' D.      99,914, 

Coal  sold 4,849,678  4,805,644  D.      44.034 

Increase  in  .stocks      ST.OTS        32,098   n.      55.880 

Of  the  coal  sold  66.7  per  cent,  was  of 
the  large  or  domestic  sizes,  and  33.3 
per  cent,  of  the  small  or  steam  sizes. 
There  has  been  set  apart  out  of  income 
10c.  per  ton  on  all  coal  mined  from 
property  owned  to  represent  depletion 
of  coal  lands  This  amount  is  applied  to 
sinking    funds. 

A  supplementary  statement  of  coal 
mined  from  the  various  properties  of  the 
company   is   as   follows: 

Coal  Jlined:  By  Co.     By  Ten.       Total. 

From  lands  owned  .2,885,315  962,577  3,847.892 
From  lands  leased  .  994,789  140,576  1,135,365 
.Saved  in  washing..     141,669      197.657      339,326 


Total 4,021,773  1,300.810  5,322,.';83 

Total,  1908-09  .  .4,093,655   1,351.696  5,445,351 

The  total  decrease  was  122,768  tons. 
The  coal  bought,  shown  in  the  first  state- 
ment, was  65  per  cent,  of  that  mined  by 
tenants. 

The  earnings  and  expenses  were  as  fol- 
lows; the  averages  given  being  based  on 
tonnage  of  coal  sold: 

.\mount.     Per  Ton. 


000;  depreciation  of  coal  at  Hampton 
storage  plant,  $110,000;  cost  of  refund- 
ing debt,  $271,869;  dividends,  13  per 
cent.,  $1,197,625;  total,  $2,771,441,  leav- 
ing a  surplus  of  $219,109  for  the  year. 
The  report  says:  "The  funded  debt 
m.aturing  and  to  mature  was  provided  for 
by  an  issue  of  $20,000,000  consolidated 
4  per  cent,  gold  loan,  secured  by  mort- 
gage dated  June  1,  1910,  with  a  sinking 
fund  providing  for  the  payment  of  the 
bonds  in  installments  of  $2,500,000  each 
five  years. 

"The  amounts  to  the  credit  of  sinking 
funds  and  depletion  of  coal-land  fund, 
have  been  applied  as  follows:  Coal  land 
and  equipment,  $2,131,864;  advanced 
royalty  for  coal  to  be  mined,  $2,336,027; 
total,  $4,467,891.  While  most  of  the  ad- 
vanced royalty  will  eventually  be  recov- 
ered, it  was  thought  best  to  charge  some 
off.  Income  account  will  receive  credit 
each  year  for  coal  mined  in  excess  of 
minimum  payments. 

"The  Lehigh  &  Wilkes-Barre  Coal 
Company  (Mass.)  was  incorporated  un- 
der the  laws  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  ' 
property  located  in  that  State  was  sold 
to  that  company.  Its  entire  capital  stock 
is  owned  by  this  company. 

"One  breaker  was  entirely  rebuilt.  At 
Inman  Colliery  No.  21,  one  shaft  has 
reached  the  Baltimore  vein,  1550  ft.,  and 
the  second  shaft  is  down  1250  ft.;  as 
■soon  as  this  shaft  reaches  the  Baltimore, 
active  development  of  the  colliery  will 
be  started.  The  breaker  at  Stanton  col- 
liery, producing  about  2700  tons  per  day, 
was  destroyed  by  fire  Nov.  20,  1909;  a 
new  breaker  of  part  reinforced  concrete 
is  under  construction." 


Coal  sales 

Miscellaneous. 


.815.815,043         S3. 29 
469,927  0  10 


Total $16,284,970        S3. 39 


.Mining  coal 

Coal  bought 

Transportation,  etc 

(Jen.  exps..  taxes,  etc.  . . 
Coal  sold  from  si  ock . . .  . 
Depletion  ot  coal  lands. 


.8  6,656,819  81.39 

2,034.350  0  42 

3,796.442  0  79 

588.173  0.12 

17,398  0  01 

201,238  0  04 


Total  expenses. 
Net  earnings. . 


.813,294,420         82.77 


2.900.550  SO   02 


COLLIERY- NOTES  ^ 


The    Mexican    mines    are    increasingly 
using  gas  producers  for  power  purposes. 


This  is  the  only  subsidiary  anthracite 
company  showing  lar.ge  net  earnings. 
The  cost  of  coal  purchased  shows  an  av- 
erage of  .$2.40  per  ton,  being  $1.03  more 
than  the  cost  of  mining.  Adding  the 
charge  to  depletion  of  coal  lands  brings 
the  cost  of  mining  coal  up  to  $1.43  per 
ton  for  the  year.  Mining  costs  include 
$301,655  for  royalties  and  $236,693  for 
improvem.ents.  Transportation  includes 
yard  and  agency  expenses.  Deductions 
from  net  earnings  were:  Interest  and 
sinking  funds,  $1,104,668;  Federal  in- 
come tax,  $22,279;  Stanton  breaker,  $65,- 


The  No.  4  mine  of  the  Davis  Coal  Min- 
ing Company,  in  Yellowstone  county, 
Montana,  has  been  closed,  owing  to  trouble 
with  the  miners.  The  mine  has  been 
producing  about  250  tons  daily  with  149 
men..  No  tonnage  scale  had  been  adopted 
and  the  men  were  being  paid  $3.75  per 
day.  The  miners  averaged  3'j  tons  per 
day  each  which,  according  to  the  man- 
agement, is  not  sufficient.  It  is  probable 
that  a  tonnage  scale  will  be  adopted  when 
the   mine   reopens. 

The  British  Bureau  of  Manufacturers 
reports  as  follows:  The  United  States, 
with  690,438  persons  employed  in  mining 
coal  in  1908,  produced  126,562  000  tons 
of  coal  more  than  was  produced  by  966,- 
264  persons  similarly  employed  in  the 
United  Kingdom,  while  the  production  of 
coal  in  the  United  States  .imounted  to 
538  tons  per  person  employed  in  coal 
mining,  against  271  tons  produced  per 
person  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The  value 
of  the  coal  at  the  pit's  mouth  was  $1.93 
per  ton  in  the  United  Kingdom,  against 
$1.48  per  ton  in  the  United  States. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


923 


ill   PERSONAL    in 


.Mining'  and  lui'ialliii-gk-al  uu^'iiu'crs  ai'c  iri- 
vIi*m1  In  kpep  Tut:  KNi;iNt:i;i;iNc;  ami  ^ll^I^t; 
Jtii  i:NAi.  inl'oi-iiHHl  1)1'  tlu'Ir  muvcmenls  aud 
apiH'imuieuts. 


Victor  M.  Braschi.  of  Mexico  City,  is 
visiting   New   Yort;. 

J.  L.  Parker,  of  Victoria,  B.  C,  is  on  a 
visit  to  eastern  Canadian  cities. 

Fred  T.  Williams,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  has 
been  at  Coalville,  Utah,  on  professional 
business. 

Olaf  Wenstrom,  formerly  of  Boston  but 
now  operating  in  Mexico,  has  been  visit- 
irg  New  York  and  Boston. 

J.  P.  Hutchins  has  returned  to  London, 
having  completed  examinations  of  placer 
n  ining  properties  in  Siberia. 

John  Gross,  of  the  firm  of  Draper  & 
Gloss,  Denver,  Colo.,  has  gone  to  So- 
nora,  Mexico,  on  professional  business. 

J.  R.  Finlay,  general  manager  of  the 
Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines  Company, 
is  expected  in  New  York  about  the  middle 
of  November. 

C.  A.  Grenfels,  of  London,  director  in 
the  Southern  Iron  and  Steel  Company, 
spent  the  last  10  days  in  the  Birming- 
ham,   Ala.,    district. 

R.  B.  Lamb,  of  New  York,  mining  en- 
gineer and  metallurgist,  has  opened  an 
office  in  the  Traders'  Bank  building,  To- 
ronto, Ont.,  for  general  practice. 

George  Kingdon,  assistant  superintend- 
ent of  the  Old  Dominion  mine  in  Arizona 
and  superintendent  of  the  United  Globe 
property,  is  in  Boston  on  a  vacation. 

Karl  Schneider,  H.  Schubert  and  M. 
Bohlan,  from  the  Rombach  Steel  Works, 
at  Rombach,  Germany,  were  visitors  in 
the  Birmingham,  Ala.,  district  last  week. 

Quincy  A.  Shaw,  president,  and  Ru- 
dolph Agassiz,  vice-president  of  the 
Calumet  &  Hecla,  are  in  the  Lake  Su- 
perior country  on  their  semi-annual  tour 
of  inspection. 

William  Williams,  chief  engineer  of 
the  Susquehanna  Coal  Company,  while 
making  an  inspection  of  No.  7  colliery 
at  Nanticoke.  Penn.,  Oct.  27.,  was  badly 
injured   by  a    fall  of  the   roof. 

J.  W.  D.  Mondie  will  be  at  Salt  Lake 
City  for  some  time  to  come.  He  has 
been  appointed  general  manager  of  the 
Tintic  Mining  and  Development  Company 
and    its   allied    interests    in    Utah. 

Max  Drott.  metallurgist  for  the  Fried. 
Krupp  Company,  is  at  the  Hotel  Bel- 
mont, New  York,  and  will  sail  on  Nov.  9 
for  an  extended  trip  through  the  principal 
mining  districts  in  Central  America. 

W.  B.  Budrow,  who  recently  resigned 
as  manager  of  the  smelting  works  at 
Fundicion.  Sonora.  and  of  the  subsidiary 
mining  companies  connected  with  it  is 
now  located  at  Guadalajara.  Mexico 

C.  E.  Schwarz,  formerly  general  super- 


intendent of  the  St.  Louis  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company,  of  Desloge,  Mo.,  has 
returned  to  St.  Louis  from  a  two-months' 
professional  engagement  in  northeastern 
Washington. 

John  Haertter  has  been  appointed  en- 
gineer of  the  Wyoming  division  of  the  Le- 
high Valley  Coal  Company,  with  head- 
quarters at  Wilkes-Barre,  Penn..  succeed- 
ing Charles  Enzian,  who  has  gone  to  the 
Geological  Survey. 

George  Boker.  partner  in  the  house  of 
F.  A.  Boker.  Bonn.  Germany,  general 
selling  agent  in  Germany  for  the  Calu- 
n:et  &  Hecla  Company,  is  visiting  the 
United  States,  making  his  headquarters  at 
the  Waldorf-Astoria,  New  York. 

W.  F.  Farrier,  for  some  time  with  the 
United  States  Smelting,  Refining  and 
Mining  Company,  Mammoth,  Cal.,  and 
Henry  Kehoe.  Spokane.  Wash.,  have  been 
examining  mining  properties  in  Portland 
Canal  district,  British  Columbia. 

H.  A.  Buehler,  director  of  the  Bureau 
of  Geology  and  Alines  of  the  State  of 
Missouri,  lectured  to  the  class  in  econo- 
mic geology  in  the  i\lissouri  School  of 
Mines  on  Oct.  17  and  19  on  the  "Origin 
of  the  Zinc  Deposits  of  Missouri." 

Colin  Mcintosh  has  resigned  as  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  Ohio  Copper  Com- 
pany. The  resignation  was  submitted  to 
the  company  last  May.  It  is  understood 
that  A.  Frank,  an  engineer  for  the  Heinze 
interests,  will  assume  this  position. 

A.  E.  Swain,  for  eight  years  past  man- 
ager of  the  Tajo  mine  in  the  Parral  dis- 
trict. Chihuahua,  Mexico,  has  resigned, 
and  will  spend  some  time  in  the  United 
States.  H.  H.  Utley,  formerly  of  Lead- 
ville,  Colo.,  succeeds  Mr.  Swain  at  the 
Tajo  mine. 

O.  F.  Westlund,  formerly  manager  of 
the  Aguascalientes  smelting  works  of 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany, has  become  general  manager  in 
Mexico  for  the  Mines  Management  Com- 
pany, of  New  York.  His  offce  is  at  No. 
48  Avenida  16  de  Septiembre,  Mexico 
City. 

John  P.  Reese,  late  president  of  the 
Ogden  Coal  Company,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
has  been  appointed  general  superintend- 
ent of  the  Superior  Coal  Company,  at 
Gillespie,  111.  Mr,  Reese  has  resigned  as 
president  of  the  Iowa  Coal  Operators' 
Association  on  account  of  his  removal 
from  the  State. 

John  Fritz,  the  dean  of  the  iron  trade  of 
America,  has  accepted  an  invitation  to  at- 
tend a  testimonial  dinner  to  be  given  in 
his  honor  by  the  Manufacturers'  Club. 
Philadelphia,  on  the  evening  of  Nov.  17. 
Andrew  Carnegie  is  honorary  chairman  of 
the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  with 
Isaac  Clothier.  Charles  M.  Schwab.  W.  E. 
Corey,  Charles  Kirchhoff  and  John 
Birkinbine  as  associates,  the  active  chair- 
man being  Nathan  T.  Folwell,  president 
of  the  club. 


+11  OB  ITUARV    Iffl 


Valentine  Wilson,  an  English  mining 
engineer,  was  found  dead  near  Guana- 
juato, Mexico,  recently,  under  circum- 
stances which  left  no  doubt  that  he  had 
been  murdered.  He  had  been  in  Mexico 
several  years,  coming  from  British  Co- 
lumbia, and  he  was  at  one  time  in  Aus- 
tralia. In  Mexico  he  was  employed  in 
Monterey  for  a  time,  but  had  been  in 
Guanajuato    for   two   years   past. 

Alfred  Lundvall  died  at  Guadalajara, 
Mexico,  Oct.  20,  aged  62  years.  He 
was  born  in  Sweden,  but  came  to  the 
United  States  when  a  young  man,  living 
in  Wisconsin  and  later  in  Nebraska.  He 
removed  to  Mexico  18  years  ago  and  be- 
came interested  in  mines  in  the  Hostotipa- 
quillo  district  of  Jalisco.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  the  organization  of  the  San 
Antonio  Mining  and  Milling  Company, 
and  was  secretary  and  manager  of  that 
concern  at  the  time  of  his  death.  His 
personal  holdings  in  the  district  were  ex- 
tensive. 


^IISOCIETIESWTECHNICAL SCHOOLS  ^ 


American  Mining  Congress — At  a 
meeting  held  in  Butte,  Oct.  21,  presided 
over  by  W.  L.  Creeden,  a  temporary  or- 
ganization was  effected  for  the  purposs 
of  forming  a  Montana  chapter  of  the 
American  .Mining  Congress.  J.  F.  Call- 
breath,  Jr.,  secretary,  briefly  outlined  the 
purpose  and  the  work  of  the  organization. 

Association  nf  American  Portland  Ce- 
ment Manufacturers — The  next  meeting 
will  be  held  at  the  Hotel  Astor,  New 
York,  Dec.  12-14.  The  Executive  Com- 
mittee meeting  will  be  held  Dec.  12.. 
The  business  meeting  will  be  held  on 
Dec.  13  and  on  Dec.  14  an  open  meeting 
will  be  held,  at  which  papers  of  interest 
to  manufacturers  and  users  of  cement 
will  be  presented. 

Utah  Society  of  Engineers — The  reg- 
ular monthly  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Newhouse  building.  Salt  Lake  City,  Oct. 
21.  A  paper  upon  "Manganese  Steel" 
was  presented  by  F.  E.  Johnson,  of  the 
Edgar  Allen  American  Manganese  Steel 
Company,  and  the  discussion  was  led 
by  J.  R.  Tempest,  of  the  Utah  Light  and 
Railway  Company.  On  Oct.  29,  the  so- 
ciety visited  the  new  plant  of  the  Inter- 
national Smelting  and  Refining  Company, 
at  Tooele,  Utah. 

Zacatecas  Mining  Association — At  a 
meeting  held  at  Zacatecas,  Mexico,  Oct. 
16.  a  constitution  was  adopted  and  the 
following  officers  elected:  G.  C.  Palmer, 
president;  Parrish  McDonald,  vice-pres- 
ident; J.  D.  Hoffman,  Carlos  Bentley. 
Spalding  and  A.  Sewell,  directors;  Ed- 
mondo  von  Gehren,  treasurer;  J.  F.  Bar- 
ry, secretary.  A  committee  was  appoint- 
ed to  arrange  for  the  affiliation  of  the 
society  with  the  Mexican  Institute  of 
Mining  and  Metallurgy. 


924 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Beports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      IVTart^^      Important 

-J^     Mining  -Centers    of     tlie  "World       -^ 


Nov.  1 — The  North  California  Mining 
Company  has  filed  formal  notice  of 
abandonment  of  60  mining  claims  along 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Feather  river  in 
Butte  county,  located  some  years  ago  and 
on  which  annual  assessment  work  has 
since  been  done.  These  are  some  of  the 
claims  originally  located  by  H.  H.  Yard 
and  subsequently  turned  over  by  him  to 
the  company.  Numbers  of  the  claims  were 
doubtless  located  primarily  for  right-of- 
way  rather  than  for  mineral.  The  di- 
rectors of  the  Butte  &  Plumas,  railway 
anticipated,  as  soon  as  rights-of-way  were 
needed  in  the  canon,  that  mining  locations 
would  be  made  in  advance  of  the  sur- 
veyors, so,  through  the  North  California 
Mining  Company  these  mining  locations 
were  made.  The  Butte  &  Plumas  later 
became  the  Western  Pacific  Railroad 
Company  and  rights-of-way  through 
these  locations  were  transferred  and  sub- 
sequently assigned  to  the  Western  Pacific. 
Lately  the  Northern  California  company 
has  been  testing  all  its  claims  and  giving 
up  those  which  would  not  pay  to  mine, 
and  doubtless  many  others  will  later  be 
abandoned  formally.  They  still  have  nu- 
merous claims  which  promise  a  profit 
when  worked. 

When  a  few  years  ago  H.  H.  Yard  lo- 
cated, relocated  or  bought  six  or  seven 
hundred  placer  mining  claims  along  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Feather  river  in  Butte 
and  Plumas  counties,  he  rather  damaged 
himself  and  ultimately  the  oil  industry  of 
the  State.  He  did  annual  assessment 
work  on  these  gold  mines  to  the  amount 
of  sixty  or  seventy  thousand  dollars  a 
year,  transferring  them  to  the  North  Cal- 
ifornia Mining  Company,  but  when  pat- 
ent was  applied  for  it  was  refused  by  the 
Government.  The  refusal  was  based  on 
an  allegation  of  fraud  involving  an  at- 
tempt to  segregate  timber  land  under 
guise  of  a  mineral  claim.  It  was  further 
ruled  in  the  case  that  "valuable  mineral" 
had  not  been  discovered  in  the  claims. 
The  rulings  of  the  Land  Oftice  following 
this  decision  are  now  decidedly  hamper- 
ing the  oil  industry  of  the  State,  and  the 
oil  men  at  Los  Angeles  have  been  trying 
to  have  Frank  Pierce,  first  assistant  sec- 
retary of  the  interior  see  this  point.  He 
has  ruled  that  transfers  of  a  claim  of  160 
acres  of  land  before  the  discovery  of  oil 
was  invalid.  Mr.  Pierce  has  gone  to  the 
oilfields  for  a  few  days  and  the  attorneys 
opposing  the  decision  must  have  their 
briefs  ready  for  him  by  the  end  of  the 
week. 


Denver 

Nov.  1 — It  is  alleged  by  the  mining 
men  of  this  State  that  a  great  injustice  is 
being  done  to  the  industry  by  the  over- 
taxation of  mining  property,  and  a  special 
committee,  appointed  by  the  Colorado 
chapter  of  the  American  Mining  Congress 
to  investigate,  reported  that  taxes  are  be- 
ing levied  out  of  all  proportion  to  other 
classes  of  property.  It  is  said  that  many 
of  the  assessors  levy  on  the  gross  output 
instead  of  the  gross  proceeds  from  the 
output.  The  non-producing  mines  in  Tel- 
ler county  are  assessed  at  SI, 787 ,000,  or 
at  a  rate  of  S59  per  acre,  which  is  out  of 
all  proportion  to  the  general  scheme  of 
taxation  and  assessment  in  force,  as  the 
mines  are  not  producing. 

Thirty  years  ago  in  this  State,  the 
"armstrong  hoist,"  as  the  windlass  was 
dubbed,  was  the  "plant"  usually  erected 
by  the  prospector;  then  came  the  "whip" 
and  the  whim,  with  the  "hay-burner 
engine"  to  furnish  the  power,  i.e.,  the 
poor  horse,  which,  in  the  former,  had 
to  "back  and  fill"  for  the  rise  and  de- 
scent of  the  bucket,  and  the  latter,  when 
he  had  to  go  'round  and  'round  in  a 
small  and  dreary  circle  to  wind  the  rope 
around  the  drum  which  hoisted  the  buck- 
et; then  came  the  steam  hoist,  with  all 
the  bother  and  dirt  of  firing  up  with 
coal  or  wood.  Now,  since  the  Central 
Colorado  Power  Company  has  built  its 
towers  and  transmission  lines  through  the 
middle  tier  of  counties,  little  electric 
hoists  are  taking  the  place  of  the  old- 
fashioned,  laborious  or  expensive  meth- 
ods, and  the  miner  or  prospector,  when 
he  goes  to  work  in  the  morning,  gaily 
turns  on  the  "juice,"  and  there  you  are! 


Butte 
Oct.  29 — The  workingmen  in  Butte  are 
making  a  determined  effort  to  secure  ben- 
eficial legislation  at  the  coming  session  of 
the  State  legislature  and  with  that  in 
view  have  recently  put  in  the  field  a  la- 
bor ticket  on  which  only  the  names  of 
those  holding  union  cards  appear  as 
candidates  for  the  legislature.  The  labor 
vote  in  Butte  is  normally  Democratic,  but 
at  the  local  Democratic  convention  the 
workingmen  claim  that  the  nominations 
for  members  of  the  legislature  were 
dictated  by  the  Amalgamated  company 
and  that  therefore  only  those  friendly  to 
kgislation  favorable  to  the  company  were 
selected.  The  conflict  between  organized 
labor  on  the  one  hand  and  the  great  min- 
ing corporations  on  the  other  is  a  con- 
stantly recurring  affair  at  each  State  elec- 
tion in  Montana.     When  the  legislature  is 


in  session  representatives  of  organized  la- 
bor are  in  attendance  to  urge  the  passage 
of  employers'  liability  acts  and  compul- 
sory safety  devices  for  use  in  the  mines, 
and  they  assert  that  their  bills  are  always 
sidetracked  by  some  invisible  force  and 
that  in  their  stead  are  enacted  laws  which 
extend  the  already  broad  powers  of  the 
corporations.  This  division  in  the  ranks 
of  the  Democrats  makes  it  appear  that  a 
Republican  victory  is  possible,  but  the 
Democrats  have  adopted  as  their  battle 
cry  the  defeat  of  Thomas  H.  Carter  for 
reelection  to  the  U.  S.  Senate. 

Recent  reports  from  the  Government 
officials  show  that  an  immense  amount  of 
timber  was  burned  in  Montana  during  the 
summer  fires.  The  timber  in  these  burned 
areas  will  be  sold  before  it  becomes  de- 
cayed. The  Anaconda  company  has  suf- 
fered much  by  its  timber  lands  being 
swept  by  these  fires,  but  the  loss  will  not 
materially  affect  the  mine  supply  at  pres- 
ent. 

President  B.  B.  Thayer  of  the  Ana- 
conda company  has  recently  been  in  Butte 
on  his  periodical  inspection  trip.  Speak- 
ing generally  of  the  conditions  of  the 
properties  he  says:  "The  mines,  so  far 
as  I  have  seen  them,  are  looking  magnifi- 
cent. Development  is  being  continued  in 
all  the  properties,  and  some  high-grade 
orebodies  are  being  opened  on  the  deeper 
levels.  There  has  been  no  curtailment  of 
the  development  anywhere  and  the  mines 
are  in  splendid  condition  as  to  ore  re- 
serves and  new  discoveries." 


Goldfield 

A'oi'.  1 — The  officers  of  companies 
owning,  leasing  or  operating  mining 
property  in  Nevada  and  offering  for  sale 
any  of  its  shares  or  capital  stock  are  busy 
making  reports  giving  information,  as 
specified  by  the  State  law,  relative  to  the 
operations  and  finances  of  their  compan- 
ies. The  information  required  is  com- 
plete and  copies  must  be  filed  with  the 
county  recorder  and  the  attorney  gen- 
eral in  May  and  November  of  each  year. 
The  clause  "selling  or  offering  for  sale 
pny  of  its  shares  or  capital  stock"  is  the 
cause  of  considerable  uncertainty  as  to 
whether  it  will  exclude  all  companies 
otherwise  affected  who  have  not  offered 
for  sale  any  stock  during  the  last  six 
months. 

L.  L.  Patrick  and  associates  have  been 
declared  elected  officials  of  the  Black 
Butte  Reorganized  Mining  Company,  by 
Judge  Somers,  of  the  District  Court.  The 
decision  comes  as  a  result  of  a  suit 
brought   by    Patrick    contesting    an    elec- 


J 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


925 


tion  held  July,  1910,  at  which  Thomas  F. 
Manning  voted  645,587  shares  of  treasury 
stock,  which  according  to  the  plaintiff 
were  not  entitled  to  voting  power  by 
proxy  or  otherwise.  This  contention  was 
Eustained  and  the  following  directors  de- 
clared elected:  H.  C.  Clapp,  L.  L.  Pat- 
rick, T.  C.  Damsky,  Fred  Strain  and  Wm. 
Lapps. 

Suit  has  been  filed  to  quiet  the  title  to 
the  Christion  Friend  mine  near  Lida.  F. 
A.  Campbell  etal.  appear  as  plaintiffs  and 
J.  Gyurkovics,  who  claims  an  interest,  is 
the  defendant. 


Cobalt 
Oct.  29 — The  annual  report  of  the  La 
Rose  for  the  year  ended  May  31,  shows 
■that  3,170,027  oz.  of  silver  were  produced 
at  a  cost  of  23.27c.  per  oz.  The  cost  of 
production  in  1909  was  16.21c.  per  oz. 
and  the  higher  figure  for  the  present  year 
•  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  expense  of  de- 
veloping the  Lawson  and  Princess  prop- 
erties has  been  included  in  the  operating 
costs.  The  net  value  of  the  silver  was 
SI,472,005  and  out  of  this  S900,000,  or  12 
per  cent,  of  the  capitalization  was  paid 
in  dividends.  The  surplus  amounts  to 
5473,470  an  increase  of  S52,000.  The  ore 
reserves  are  estimated  at  5,544,000  oz. 
having  an  estimated  net  value  of  $2,- 
226,349.  These  latter  figures  are  for  La 
Rose  only  and  do  not  include  the  Princess 
and  Lawson,  which  are  now  in  a  position 
to  make  regular  shipments.  Since  the 
close  of  the  fiscal  year  the  ore  reserves 
have  been  maintained  and  the  cash  as- 
sets increased  by  almost  3200,000. 

The  outside  interest  in  Porcupine  is 
steadily  increasing,  as  evidenced  by  the 
large  corporations  that  are  sending  men 
in  to  look  over  the  field.  Besides  the 
Consolidated  Coldfields  Company  of 
South  Africa  who  have  taken  an  option 
on  two  veteran  claims,  it  is  now  stated 
that  Barnato  Brothers  have  engineers  ex- 
amining properties  for  them.  The  en- 
trance of  such  firms  into  the  new  gold- 
fields  argues  well  for  the  future  of  the 
district  and  if  this  work  is  satisfactory, 
will  insure  an  abundance  of  capital. 

Messrs.  Flynn  and  Norrington  are  send- 
ing in  a  party  to  test  the  45  claims  in  the 
Mattagami  ironfields,  which  they  own. 
The  men  are  bringing  in  a  churn  drill  and 
this  will  be  operated  all  winter.  This  is 
the  first  serious  attempt  that  has  been 
made  to  test  these  deposits. 


Toronto 

Oct.  29 — Gold  discoveries  are  reported 
lo  have  been  made  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Hoban,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Can- 
adian Pacific  railway,  120  miles  north 
of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  The  first  find  was 
made  in  July  last  by  William  Norquist,  a 
prospector  from  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  who 
kept  the  matter  quiet  until  he  had  lo- 
cated five  claims.  The  news  recently  be- 
came known,  and  many  prospectors  from 
Haileybury  and  Sudbury  are  now  on  the 


ground.  It  is  stated  that  about  50  claims 
have  been  staked.  The  area  is  in  town- 
ship 49,  range  27,  Algoma  district.  Nor- 
quist is  negotiating  for  the  sale  of  his 
claims  to  Colorado  buyers. 

E.  A.  Wallberg,  president  of  the  Mines 
Power  Company,  supplying  electric  pow- 
er to  Cobalt,  has  undertaken  the  construc- 
tion of  the  proposed  Porcupine  railroad. 
He  states  that  the  surveying  parties  are 
pushing  their  work  as  rapidly  as  possible, 
and  expects  that  10  or  15  miles  of  the 
road  will  be  built  this  winter,  and  the 
remaining  distance  completed  in  the 
spring.  It  is  the  intention  to  use  steam 
power  until  the  road  can  be  electrified 
in  the   summer. 

There  appears  to  be  a  growing  feel- 
ing that  the  northern  section  of  Ontario 
should  be  separated  from  the  older  por- 
tion of  the  Province.  There  has  always 
been  a  great  deal  of  dissatisfaction  aris- 
ing from  the  way  this  part  of  the  country- 
has  been  treated  at  the  hands  of  the 
Ontario  Government,  and  certainly  there 
are  many  grounds  for  complaint.  Although 
producing  millions  toward  the  revenue  of 
the  province,  very  little  of  this  inoney  has 
been  spent  in  opening  up  the  section  from 
which  it  came.  The  fact  remains,  how- 
ever, that  nothing  can  be  done,  and  until 
"New  Ontario"  is  much  stronger  than  it 
is  at  present,  no  action  will  be  possible. 


Mexico  City 
Oct.  27 — The  survey  and  plans  for  the 
new  railroad  in  Durango  from  Tepehua- 
nes  to  Guanacevi  are  completed  and  a 
commission  is  investigating  the  freight 
probabilities  of  the  projected  line.  It  is 
believed  that  the  road  will  be  built. 
Guanacevi  is  one  of  the  important  mining 
camps  of  Durango  but  has  been  retarded 
by  the  difficulty  of  access.  There  are  a 
number  of  large  mines  which  have  been 
operated  for  three  hundred  years.  The 
high-grade  ores  were  shipped,  leaving  an 
immense  tonnage  of  lower  grade  on  the 
dumps.  This  low-grade  ore  could  be 
shipped  at  a  profit  if  railroad  facilities 
were  offered.  It  is  therefore  quite 
probable  that  a  sufficient  amount  of 
freight  will  be  promised  to  warrant  the 
building  of  the  road.  The  distance  is 
about  75  miles. 


London 

Oct.  20— But  few  of  the  exploration 
companies  floated  five  years  ago  to  de- 
velop mines  in  Egypt  have  made  good. 
The  most  promising  is  the  Barramia 
Mining  and  Exploration  Company,  whose 
annual  meeting  took  place  recently.  This 
company  is  the  successor  of  the  Egypt 
&  Sudan  Mining  Syndicate,  having  pur- 
chased the  property  from  the  latter  for 
£5000,  and  £29,350  in  shares. 

The  Egypt  &  Sudan  syndicate  has  dis- 
covered a  rich  body  of  ore  below  the  an- 
cient workings  at  a  depth  of  about  130 
ft.,  from  which  1460  tons  of  quartz  had 
been  extracted,  yielding  £11    15s.  per  ton. 


This  shoot  has  been  worked  to  75  ft.  be- 
low the  130-ft.  level  by  means  of  a  winze, 
but,  the  ventilation  being  imperfect  and 
water  having  been  encountered,  work  had 
to  be  abandoned  pending  the  sinking  of  a 
shaft  to  the  250-ft.  level,  and  crosscut- 
ting  to  the  vein.  This  the  Egypt  &  Sudan 
Mining  Syndicate  had  not  sufficient  funds 
to  carry  out,  hence  the  sale  to  the  present 
owners. 

During  the  year  under  review  the  shaft 
has  been  sunk  the  required  depth  of 
250  ft.,  and  crosscutting  to  the  rich  shoot 
is  well  under  way.  Much  development 
lias  also  been  done  on  parallel  veins 
with  encouraging  results,  the  ore  from  a 
drive  assaying  7  oz.  gold  per  ton  for  80 
ft.  of  the  drive.  Ninety-eight  feet  of  driv- 
ing on  the  main  reef  developed  a  strong 
vein  averaging  4!'>  ft.  wide,  assaying  11 
dwt.  gold   for  the   full  length  developed. 

During  the  year  583  tons  of 
quartz  were  crushed  in  the  five-stamp 
mill,  producing  an  average  £26  19s.  6d. 
per  ton.  The  total  revenue  was  £15,588, 
and  the  net  profit  for  the  year  £4008. 

The  amount  and  grade  of  the  ore  de- 
veloped during  the  year  certainly  appear 
to  warrant  the  additional  five  stamps  it 
is  proposed  to  erect  on  the  mine.  It  can- 
not be  said  of  this  company  that  it  is 
making  the  common  mistake  of  putting  in 
a  larger  mill  than  developments  warrants. 

The  mine  is  60  miles  from  rail,  in  a 
desert  beside  which  most  of  Arizona 
would  look  like  a  flower  garden. 

The  Nile  Valley  is  another  Egyptian 
flotation  which  shows  promise.  Work  is. 
however,  practically  suspended  by  one 
of  those  unforeseen  and  unforeseeable 
accidents  which  occasionally  arise  to  ex- 
asperate the  shareholder.  The  company 
is  dependent  on  Nile  steamers  for  all  its 
supplies.  Navigation  on  the  Nile  is  sus- 
pended, owing  to  the  repairs  being  made 
on  the  Assuan  dam. 

The  Great  Cobar  copper  mine  reports 
over  3,000,000  tons  of  ore  reserves,  just 
under  3  per  cent,  copper,  and  having  ,t 
recoverable  content  of  2'/.  per  cent,  cop- 
per, making  a  total  of  about  75,000 
tons  of  recoverable  copper  in  sight  in 
this  Australian  mine.  Every  ton  of 
copper  produced  carries  £25  worth  of 
precious  metals.  A  good  stroke  of  busi- 
ness for  this  company  was  the  pur- 
chase of  the  Cobar  gold  mine,  containing 
a  low-grade  quartz,  adapted  for  lining  the 
Great  Cobar  converters.  The  manage- 
ment reports  that  the  gold  contents  of 
this  ore  enables  it  to  work  at  the  same 
profit  w-ith  copper  at  £55  per  ton  as  they 
could  perviously  with  copper  at  £70  per 
ton.  The  present  profit  per  ton  of  cop- 
per produced  amounts  to  about  £33,  this 
is  equivalent  to  producing  copper  at 
about  5'<c.,  so  the  company  is  in  an  ex- 
ceptionally fortunate  position,  and  the 
low  price  of  the  inetal  can  have  no  ter- 
rors for  it.  A  profit  of  S4'/,  to  S5  per 
ton  of  ore  smelted  is  confidently  ex- 
pected. 


926 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The  Current  History  of    Mining 


Alaska 

H.  E.  Ellsworth,  assayer  at  Seward,  is 
planning  the  installation  of  a  small  cya- 
nide plant  and  stamp  mill. 

The  first  custom  mill  to  be  erected  in 
the  interior  is  now  being  erected  at 
Chena  under  the  direction  of  Martin  Har- 
ris. The  equipment  consists  of  a  10- 
stamp  mill,  crusher  and  concentrating 
tables,  and  will  be  ready  for  operation 
early  this  winter. 

Alaska  Gold  Mining  and  Development 
—This  company,  capital  S200,000,  J.  W. 
and  H.  Hennis,  of  Elma,  Wash.,  incor- 
porators, will  begin  next  spring  to  dredge 
the  beach  sands  of  Nome.  Hennis 
Brothers  have  a  patented  dredge. 

Jupiter-Mars — Development  on  this 
claim  is  being  prosecuted  by  the  Redwing 
Leasing  and  Mining  Company,  of  Fair- 
banks, which  has  a  lease. 

Valdez  Mining  Company — This  com- 
pany has  been  incorporated  at  Valdez  by 
Frank  Kernan,  S.  Blum  and  John  Lyons, 
and  will  begin  development  on  the  lehl- 
Erickson  property. 

Perseverance — This  company  will  in- 
stall 60  stamps  next  Spring,  and  work 
will  be  started  on  the  building  at  once. 
J.  R.  Mitchell,  of  Juneau,  is  superintend- 
ing. 

Nevada  Creek  Tunnel— It  is  the  inten- 
tion of  the  owners  of  this  property  to 
operate  on  an  extensive  scale.  P.  C. 
Stoess,  of  Seattle,  has  charge. 

Gold  Stream — Development  on  this 
claim  under  the  direction  of  A.  A.  Wake- 
field, Ketchikan,  is  meeting  with  en- 
couraging results. 


Gila  County 
Summit — This  Duluth  company  is  de- 
veloping the  Gibson  property,  16  miles 
northwest  of  Globe.  A  vertical  three- 
compartment  shaft  has  been  opened  to 
300  ft.  and  will  be  continued.  Cross- 
cutting  is  being  done  and  low-grade  ore 
production  is  expected  to  be  begun  soon. 
W.  A.   Eaton  is  president. 

Yavapai   County 
Jerome  Verde — The    main    shaft  on  the 
Columbia  claim  is  down  568  ft.  and  will 
be  continued  to  600  ft.,  when  crosscutting 
will  be  done.     Eli  Barrett  is  engineer. 


Arizona 

Cochise  County 

A  number  of  the  directors  of  the  Cal- 
umet &  Arizona  and  Superior  &  Pittsburg 
companies  are  at  Bisbee,  for  the  purpose 
of  making  a  thorough  examination  of  the 
properties  preliminary  to  any  definite  ac- 
tion concerning  the  proposed  consolida- 
tion. Reports  from  Doctor  Douglas  and 
Doctor  Ricketts  have  been  received.  The 
probable  basis  of  consolidation  wHl  be  be- 
tween four  and  five  shares  of  Superior  & 
Pittsburg  for  one  of  Calumet  &  Arizona, 
according  to  Thompson  Towle  &  Co.,  of 
New  York. 

Shatlack  -  Arizona — The  Shattuck  is 
making  regular  daily  shipments  of  from 
three  to  five  cars  to  the  Copper  Queen 
smeltery,  at  Douglas,  from  development. 


Arkansas 

In  the  Yellville  district  the  Yellow 
Jacket  company  has  closed  a  deal  for  the 
purchase  of  the  Philadelphia  mine,  near 
the  mouth  of  Clabber  creek,  and  will 
equip  with  a  concentrating  mill.  This 
company  has  been  operating  on  the  Bur- 
rus  tract,  on  Buffalo  river,  about  two 
miles  above  the  Red  Cloud  mine,  for  a 
year.  The  Philadelphia  is  about  three 
miles  nearer  the  railroad  shipping  point 
than  the   Burrus   tract. 

Lincoln — This  mining  company,  J.  R. 
Barnett,  secretary,  is  developing  zinc- 
lead  deposits  at  Imboden,  Lawrence 
county. 


California 

Kern  County 

Butte — About  200  ft.  up  the  hill  from 
the  old  workings  in  this  mine  at  Rands- 
burg,  Patrick  Fahey  has  discovered  ore 
fully  as  good  as  that  in  the  old  vein  at 
the  surface. 

Mariposa  County 

Sixty  acres  on  the  Merced  river,  near 
Merced  Falls  has  been  sold  by 
Frederick  McCall  to  a  syndicate  headed 
by  Francis  Cook  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  and 
Charles  GIfford,  of  New  York,  and  an 
option  has  been  taken  on  60  acres  ad- 
joining. An  old  river  channel  is  sup- 
posed to  exist  at  that  point.  At  any 
rate  considerable  gold  has  been  taken  out 
of  the  placers.  The  ground  is  to  be 
worked  on  a  more  extensive  scale,  and 
pumps,  motors  and  transformers  have 
been  purchased  for  the  power-pumping 
plant,  to  be  erected  on  the  river.  This 
plant  is  to  lift  water  to  the  ground  to 
be  hydraulicked.  Current  will  be  fur- 
nished by  a  local  power  company.  Mr. 
McCall  will  be  the  local  manager. 

Champion — This  mine  near  Coulter- 
ville,  under  lease  to  Bagby,  Quinn  &  Wil- 
burn,   is   working    15   men    and    the    20- 


stamp   mill   is   busy.     The   last   clean   up 
was  S14,800  from  250  tons. 

Mountain  King — This  mine  near  Bagby 
is  adding  20  stamps  to  its  20-stamp  mill 
and  will  increase  the  force  from  100  to 
200  men.  William  Thomas  is  superin- 
tendent. 

Modoc  County 
Fort  Bidwell  Consolidated — This  com- 
pany has  ordered  a  stamp  mill  and  ma- 
chinery to  be  placed  on  the  Mountain 
View  claim.  Ore  from  the  Sugar  Pine 
will  be  brought  down  by  aerial  tramway, 
the  towers  for  which  ars  now  being 
placed.     Algernon  Del  Mar  is  manager. 

Big  Four — The  lessees  of  this  mine  at 
Fort  Bidwell  have  decided  to  purchase  a 
five-stamp  mill.  John  Brown  is  in  charge. 
Nevada  County 
North  Star — A  new  hoist  is  being 
placed  at  the  Central  shaft  of  this  mine, 
Grass  Valley,  and  the  old  hoist  will  be  re- 
moved to  the  Cincinnati,  an  old  claim 
owned  by  the  company. 

Cassidy  Consolidated —  Arrangements 
are  being  made  to  put  in  a  heavier  pump- 
ing plant  at  this  mine,  Grass  Valley,  F.  C. 
Longe,  manager. 

Blue  Lead — Gravel  averaging  $3  to  $4 
per  car  has  been  cut  in  this  mine  at  Re- 
lief hill,  Oscar  Jones,  manager.  It  is 
thought  the  long  sought  channel  has  been 
found. 

Erie — At  this  mine,  Graniteville,  the 
capacity  of  the  mill  will  be  increased  and 
the  shaft  deepened. 

National— This  company  at  Meadow 
Lake  is  hauling  in  supplies  and  machin- 
ery and  will  continue  work  all  winter. 

Rose — This  quartz  mine  near  Onion 
valley  has  been  developed  by  tunnels  and 
crosscuts  during  the  summer  and  a  large 
body  of  free  milling  ore  found.  A  Knight 
ball  mill  is  on  the  claim.  The  mine  is 
operated  by  Mrs.  Julia  Kelley. 
Shasta  County 
Balaktala— One  furnace  has  beeit 
started  up,  the  Cottrell  process  being 
used  in  connection  therewith.  The  latter 
has  been  reported  as  giving  satisfaction, 
but  our  own  information  is  to  the  effect 
that  several  difficulties  have  not  yet  been 
definitely  overcome. 

Mountain — It  is  rumored  that  this  com- 
pany will  erect  a  new  smeltery  at  Kes- 
wick. 

Mammoth — The  third  furnace  was  re- 
cently blown  in,  but  the  baghouse  was 
unable  to  filter  so  much  smoke  and  the 
furnace  had  consequently  to  be  blown 
out. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


927 


Sierra  County 

Oriflamme — A  vein  carrying  S9  per  ton 
has  been  cut  in  the  tunnel  of  this  mine 
near  Alleghany,  C.  C.  Ward,  manager. 
The  mine  will  be  worked  all  winter. 

Sixteen-to-One — The  bond  having  ex- 
pired on  this  property  at  Alleghany,  it  has 
reverted- to  its  owners.  T.  H.  Bradbury,  of 
San  Francisco,  Y.  C.  Lawson,  of  Berkeley, 
and  Thomas  Bradbury,  of  Alleghany. 

Sierra  Buttes — The  20-stamp  mill  at  the 
No.  5  level  of  this  mine  at  Sierra  City 
has  been  started  and  the  40-stamp  mill  at 
the  lower  workings  will  shortly  follow. 
Jay  C.  Folsom  is  manager. 

Keystone — This  mine  is  now  being  run 
under  a  lease.  The  pay  shoot  being 
worked  is  found  6000  feet  from  the 
mouth  of  the  main  tunnel  at  a  depth  of 
700  ft.  There  is  a  10-stamp  mill  on  the 
property. 

Siskiyou  County 

Golden  Eagle — A  company  is  about  to 
take  hold  of  this  mine  at  Fort  Jones  and 
sink  the  shaft  200  ft.  deeper. 

Aiken-Graham — This  company,  operat- 
ing the  Doggett  placer  on  the  Klamath 
river  near  Oak  Bar,  has  put  a  steam 
shovel  in  operation. 

Trinity  County 

Keating — The    Siskiyou   Syndicate     has 
had  the  machinery   for  this  mine   hauled 
to  the  head  of  Coffee  creek  and  is  now 
,        packing  it  over  the   mountain.     A  stamp 

I      mill  is  included. 
Trinity — This  company,  at  Carville,  has 
completed  its  200-ton  mill,  and  the    126- 
ft.   span   bridge   across   the   Trinity   river, 
and  the  light  and  power  plant.    The  flume 

iwill  carry   2000   inches. 
Tuolumne  County 
Tuolumne     Consolidated — The    dredge 
on   this   property    near  Sonora    has   been 
dismantled  and  stored. 


Colorado 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 

The  McKinley,  Homestake,  Bovie  and 
Elizabeth  groups  in  the  Beshears  camp 
are  being  actively  developed. 

Escondado — This  property,  owned  by 
James  Beshears,  from  whom  the  new  gold 
camp  in  the  upper  Clear  Creek  district 
got  its  name,  has  shipped  one  ton  of  se- 
lected ore,  which  came  from  a  shaft  14  ft. 
deep  only,  and  was  settled  for  at  the 
rate  of  .S82  in  gold  to  the  ton.  It  is 
claimed  that  he  has  5  ft.  of  S30  ore  in  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft. 

Black  Diamond — Free-gold  ore  has 
been  found  in  this  mine,  in  the  Beshears 
camp,  38  ft.  in  from  the  portal  of  the  adit 
level.  Cabins  and  blacksmith  shop  have 
been  erected.  The  owner.  J.  G.  McGuire, 
will  develop  during  the  winter. 

Euclid — A  strike  of  6  in.  of  free-gold 
ore  is  reported  from  this  mine,  in  Black 
carton,  in  the  northern  section  of  Gilpin 
county. 


Kokomo — This  mine,  which  is  on  the 
same  vein  as  the  .Addudell  and  Fronte- 
nac,  recently  floated  in  London,  is  being 
worked  by  a  pool  of  Central  City  men, 
and  is  said  to  be  shipping  about  80  tons 
of  gold  ore  per  month,  the  first  class  re- 
turning S32  per  ton,  and  the  second  class 
S18  per  ton. 

Banzai-  -This  mine,  supposed  to  be  on 
an  extension  of  the  Fisk  vein,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  gulch,  near  Black  Hawk  depot, 
formerly  known  as  the  ".^fter  Supper," 
is  owned  by  the  Pearl-Tatam  Company. 
Boellert  &  Co.  are  leasing  and  last 
week  shipped  3370  lb.  to  the  smeltery 
which,  it  is  said,  was  settled  for  at  the 
rate  of  13  oz.  gold  per  ton  and  186.4  oz. 
silver.  A  shipment  of  6667  lb.  of  second- 
class  ore  yielded  2.64  oz.  gold  and  37.84 
oz.  silver. 

Topeka — This  mine,  in  Russell  district, 
has  finished  sinking  to  1300  ft.,  and  is 
drifting  east  and  west  on  the  1200- ft. 
level  on  good  ore.  The  ore  is  treated  at 
the  Iron  City  mill,  at  Black  Hawk,  by 
concentration. 

Smuggler — Shipments  from  an  8-in. 
streak  on  the  fourth  level  opened  by  Par- 
chine  and  associate  lessees,  are  said  to 
have  returned  vSOO  oz.  silver  per  ton  and 
43  per  cent.  lead. 

Pelican — The  mill  is  running  one  shift, 
and  sending  out  S50  lead  concentrates. 

Golden  Glory  Tunnel — The  portal  of 
this  tunnel  is  on  Saxon  mountain,  and  the 
entry  has  been  driven  500  ft.,  and  is  now 
being  pushed  ahead  to  catch  the  Belle- 
vue-Hudson  vein.  J.  F.  Puchert  is  man- 
ager. 

Lake  County — Leadville 

Dinero — According  to  the  annual  report 
of  this  company,  operating  in  the  Sugar 
Loaf  district,  the  development,  drainage 
and  transportation  tunnel  has  been  driven 
3500  ft.  in  four  years,  and  since  the  first 
of  the  year  the  ore  taken  out  of  veins 
intersected  has  more  than  paid  operating 
expenses.    August  ore  sales  netted  S6000. 

Silent  Friend—Sam  Doran  and  part- 
ners, leasing  on  this  mine,  in  South 
Kvans,  are  shipping  50  tons  of  ore  per 
day  of  a  grade,  it  is  said,  of  S20  per  ton. 

Stevens — In  this  shaft,  in  California 
gulch,  extensive  bodies  of  carbonate  of 
zinc  are  being  opened,  and  regular  ship- 
ments are  being  made. 

Maid  of  Erin — Five  hundred  tons  of 
zinc  ore  found  standing  in  this  mine,  and 
shipped  gave  returns,  it  is  now  definitely 
stated,  of  an  average  of  37'/j  per  cent, 
zinc. 

Louisville — This  mine,  on  Iron  hill,  is 
bting  worked  through  a  lateral  from  the 
Yak  tunnel,  by  Hanifer  &  Reynolds,  and 
is  shipping  1200  tons  per  month  of  zinc 
sulphide. 

Resurrection — A  trial  lot  of  two  cars  of 
zinc-carbonate  ore  has  been  sent  out. 
Large  bodies  of  this  ore  are  said  to  have 
been  found  in  the  mine. 


San  Juan   District 

The  Queen  City  mine,  in  Ohio  Gulch, 
three  miles  from  Silverton,  has  shipped 
a  car  which  gave  net  returns  of  S4420. 
The  Kansas  City  has  made  its  last  ship- 
ment of  600  sacks,  which  netted  SI500 
per  ton.  The  company  will  work  in  the 
lower  tunnel  to  cut  the  deposit  325  ft. 
deeper.  The  Colorado  Copper  Company, 
under  the  management  of  I.  C.  Atkinson, 
is  beginning  on  the  Homestake  group. 
Porcupine  gulch,  and  will  drive  300  ft. 
to  cut  the  Homestake  lead  200  ft.  below 
the  surface.  This  property  adjoins  the 
Old  Hundred  which,  it  is  rumored,  will 
commence  operations  under  lease  in 
November.  At  Animas  Forks,  Charles 
Gagner,  superintendent  of  the  Frisco  tun- 
nel, has  opened  5  ft.  of  galena  chalcopy- 
rite  ore  for  300  ft.  on  the  Old  Red  Cloud 
lode.  The  Frisco  tunnel  is  in  5800  ft. 
The  Columbus  mine  is  driving  through 
Houghton  mountain  from  the  Animas 
Forks  side  to  cut  the  Columbus  vein. 
The  No.  1  mine,  in  Buffalo  basin,  above 
Ice  Lake  mill,  is  drifting  on  18  in.  of 
galena,  carrying  20  to  30  oz.  silver.  On 
level  No.  3  of  the  Silver  Ledge  mine, 
two  new  orebodies  have  been  opened 
in  a  talc  gangue.  The  Intersection  mine, 
in  Maggie  gulch,  will  be  operated  under 
lease  for  the  winter. 

Camp  Bird  —  \n  September  the  mill 
crushed  6690  tons,  the  receipts  were 
$150,327  and  the  net  profit  S100.303. 

Mollie  C. — A  strike  of  8  in.  of  gray 
copper  ore,  yielding  136  oz.  silver  to  the 
ton,  is  reported  in  this  mine,  situated  in 
Topeka  gulch,  San  Juan  county. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
Mollie  Kathleen — This  mine,  on  Wo- 
mack  hill,  and  said  to  be  an  extension  of 
the  Gold  King  vein,  is  reported  to  have 
opened  a  body  of  ore  7  ft.  wide,  which  as- 
says S30  per  ton  gold  from  wall  to  wall. 
A/ax — Henry  &  Co.,  leasers  on  block 
13,  are  said  to  have  opened  a  vein  2  ft. 
wide  of  high-grade  ore,  and  for  a  length 
of  50  ft.  already.  A  car  has  been  shipped. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  an  extension  of  the 
Mulvaney  vein. 

Stratton's  Independence — Results  for 
September  are:  Production  1680  tons, 
averaging  22  cwt.  16  gr.  per  ton.  Dump 
ore  milled,  7600  tons.  Net  working 
profit  mine  and  mill.  S10,750. 

Idaho 

Coeur  d'Alenc  Nellie — The  Nellie  v.'ill 
resume  shipment  this  winter.  Recently 
the  property  was  bonded  and  the  work 
has  opened   up  a  large  oreshoot. 

Stewart — A  body  of  galena  ore  has 
been  encountered  on  the  100-ft.  shaft 
level.,  A  station  is  being  cut  at  the  200- 
ft.  shaft  level  to  run  another  drift.  The 
shaft  was  sunk  from  the  lowest  working 
level  in  the  mine.  The  Stewart  is  produc- 
ing steadily  at  the  rate  of  1000  tons 
of  concentrates  monthly. 


928 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


Indiana 
Gibson  County 
A  well  on  the  Brown  farm  in  the  Oak- 
land City  oilfield  by  the  National  Refin- 
ing Company  has  been  producing  150 
bbl.  of  oil  and  1,000,000  ft.  of  gas  per 
day  for  two  weeks.  The  long  flow  from 
this  well  has  stimulated  oil  exploration. 
A  number  of  new  wells  are  being  drilled 
and  several  old  wells  will  be  drilled 
deeper.  The  field  is  widening  out  toward 
the  east. 

Lawrence  County 
Complaints  have  been  sent  from  this 
county  to  the  Indiana  Railroad  Commis- 
sion of  confiscation  by  the  railroads  of 
coal  consigned  by  the  mine  operators  to 
other  parties.  There  is  a  statute  which 
permits  a  railroad  company  to  confiscate 
coal  consigned  to  another,  in  cases  of 
emergency,  biit  the  commission  is  unable 
to  understand  why  it  should  be  necessary 
to  take  the  coal  at  this  time  of  the  year, 
especially  since  all  of  the  mines  are  be- 
ing operated.  The  confiscation  is  being 
investigated. 

St.  Joseph  County 
American  Peat  Product  Company — A 
factory  has  been  completed  at  a  cost  of 
SIOO.OOO  at  Lakeville,  and  will  soon  be- 
gin making  a  substitute  for  coal  out  of 
the  muck  which  abounds  in  the  marshes 
of  northern  Indiana.  The  company  in- 
tends to  open  similar  factories  in  Canada, 
Maine  and  Minnesota.  J.  H.  Van  Glahn 
invented  the  machinery  and  is  manager 
of  the  Lakeville   factory. 

Vermilion   County 

Miami  Coal  Company — This  company, 
which  sank  a  shaft  on  the  Chicago  & 
Eastern  Illinois  tracks  south  of  Clinton, 
about  a  year  ago,  has  begun  work  on  an- 
other shaft  in  the  neighborhood  which 
was  formerly  abandoned  on  account  of 
sand.  A  steel  shoe  is  now  being  used 
in  the  sinking  and  holds  the  sand.  The 
old  Oak  Hill  mine,  which  last  year  was 
sunk  to  the  Rider  vein,  proving  of  little 
value,  is  being  lowered  to  vein  No.  3 
below. 

Vigo  County 

Diamond  Corners,  a  coal  mining  town 
recently  wiped  out  by  fire,  will  not  be  re- 
built. The  Diamond  Coal  Company  an- 
nounces that  its  mine  there  is  about 
worked  out  and  that  it  will  sink  a  shaft  in 
another  locality. 

Carbon  Coal  and  Clay  Company — 
This  company  has  been  incorporated  with 
a  capital  of  S50,000  to  acquire  and  op- 
erate coal  property  and  to  engage  in  the 
production  and  distribution  of  coal  and 
clay  products.  The  operations  will  be 
carried  on  in  Vigo  and  Clay  counties,  and 
the  home  office  will  be  in  Indianapolis. 
The  directors  are  William  C.  Shoemaker 
and  William  R.  Mayo,  Indianapolis,  ,Iohn 
N.  Balch  and  Charles  H.  Ehrman,  Terre 
Haute. 


Massachusetts 
Massachusetts  Coal  and  Power  Com- 
pany— The  United  States  Circuit  Court, 
at  Boston,  has  appointed  Irwin  McDowell 
Garfield  receiver  of  this  company,  on  ap- 
plication of  creditors.  The  company  was 
organized  in  1909,  with  W.  H.  Hastings, 
of  Maiden,  Mass.,  as  president,  and  $3,650, - 
000  stock.  The  purpose  was  to  operate 
a  coal  mine  at  Mansfield,  Mass.,  on  a 
deposit  similar  to  that   in   Rhode   Island. 


Michigan 

Copper 

Algomah — This  company's  shaft  is 
down  about  105  ft.  and  due  to  the  pitch 
of  the  formation  the  shaft  is  not  bot- 
tomed square  in  the  ore,  and  a  crosscut 
is  under  way  toward  the  hanging  wall. 
The  crosscut  is  breasted  in  the  same 
grade  that  has  characterized  this 
property  from  its  opening.  The  second 
drill  hole,  sinking  to  determine  the  pitch 
of  the  formation,  is  down  670  ft.,  and  at 
350  ft.  a  rich  amygdaloid  lode  was  pene- 
trated. 

South  Lake — The  company  has  started 
its  No.  6  drill  hole  to  further  determine 
conditions  of  a  series  of  lodes  exposed 
in  holes  3,  4  and  5,  and  with  this  addi- 
tional data  steps  will  be  taken  toward 
shaft  sinking. 

Superior — It  is  probable  that  rock  ship- 
ment will  be  discontinued  to  the  Atlantic 
mill  and  one  of  the  mills  under  the 
Calumet  &  Hecla  control  will  be  used 
treat  this  rock.  At  the  Allouez-Centen- 
nial  mill  the  sixth  head  is  ready  and  may 
be  utilized  on  this  rock  or  one  of  the 
head  at  the  main  mill,  at  Lake  Linden, 
given  over  for  a  thorough  test  of  this 
rock. 

Lake — The  company,  through  William 
A.  Paine,  president,  announces:  "To 
provide  funds  for  exploring,  developing 
and  equipping  the  mine  during  the  next 
18  months,  your  directors  deem  it  for  the 
best  interests  of  the  company  to  sell 
the  13,450  shares  of  stock  remaining 
in  the  treasury.  An  offer  has  been  re- 
ceived to  underwrite  the  entire  amount 
at  $35  per  share  for  an  underwriting 
commission  of  $2  per  share.  This  offer 
will  net  the  treasury  $443,850,  and  has 
been  accepted.  The  company  will  then 
have  outstanding  100,000  shares  of  a  par 
value  of  $25,  on  which  S3  per  share  has 
been  paid.  Stockholders  of  record  at 
the  close  of  business  on  Nov.  7,  1910,  are 
offered  the  right  to  subscribe  to  ,this 
slock  at  $35  per  share  on  the  basis  of  one 
share  for  each  seven  shares  then  owned." 


Montana 

Butte  District 
Anaconda — At  the  Badger  State  mine 
about  350  tons  are  being  produced  daily. 
The  concrete  foundation  for  the  change 
room  has  been  completed.  At  the  East 
Colusa  mine  the  output  is  about  400  tons 
daily.      At     the     Mountain     Consolidated 


mine  a  large  body  of  commercial  ore  has 
recently  been  opened  on  the  2200-ft.  level. 
The  company's  output  will  equal  about 
16,000,000  lb.  per  month  at  the  Washoe 
smeltery  and  6,000,000  at  the  Great  Falls 
smeltery,  making  a  total  of  22,000,000  lb. 
Sinking  on  the  Belmont  shaft  will  be  con- 
tinued to  2400  ft.  Tests  are  being  made 
at  the  smelteries  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
certaining the  efficiency  of  Montana  coal 
to  replace  that  now  being  used,  which 
comes  from  Wyoming.  In  the  vicinity  of 
Great  Falls  there  are  large  bodies  of  coal 
which  will  be  utilized  at  the  Great  Falls 
smeltery  in  case  the  tests  prove  satis- 
factory. In  the  issue  of  the  Journal  for 
Oct.  8,  the  output  of  the  West  Colusa 
mine  was  inadvertently  given  at  50  tons 
daily  whereas  its  output  is  500  tons.  A 
deed  has  recently  been  filed  from  the 
Frank  Realty  Company  to  the  mining 
company,  conveying  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  Kentucky  lode  claim,  a  three- 
eighths  interest  in  the  Silver  Lode  claim 
and  a  one-third  interest  in  the  Silver  City 
Lode  claim.  The  deed  is  signed  on  behalf 
of  the  Frank  Realty  Company  by  A.  W. 
Goldsmith,  president,  and  Alva  W.  Gold- 
smith, secretary. 

Butte  Monitor — This  tunnel  company's 
property,  including  the  Monitor,  Sunlight, 
East  Fraction,  Alta,  Burner,  East,  Iron- 
side, No.  1,  and  Emporium,  Quartz 
Claims,  was  recently  sold  by  the  sheriff  in 
satisfaction  of  a  judgment  for  S725.  At- 
torney's fees  in  favor  of  James  H.  Bald- 
win. The  property  was  bid  in  by  E.  L. 
Chapman,  representing  James  A.  Murray, 
who  holds  a  majority  of  the  company's 
stock  in  pledge  for  a  loan  to  William 
Switzer. 

Elm  Orlu — About  400  tons  of  zinc  ore 
is.  produced  daily.  The  shaft  is  1200  ft. 
dtep.  The  ore  in  the  old  dump  is  now 
being  hoisted  to  the  ore  bins  and  shipped. 

Butte  &  Superior — The  repair  parts 
for  the  wrecked  east  side  of  the  hoist  are 
being  put  in  place  The  output  is  normal, 
the  "chippie"  cage  being  used  in  con- 
junction with  the  west  side  of  main  shaft 
to  hoist  ore. 

Raven — Under  a  working  agreement 
v.ith  the  Anaconda  company,  which  owns 
a  one-seventh  interest  in  the  Snoozer 
claim,  the  Raven  company  will  work  the 
mine.  The  agreement  dates  from  Oct.  1, 
1910. 

Parrot — The  directors  have  declared  a 
15c.  dividend,  payable  Nov.  28.  Previous 
to  Sept.  7,  1910,  no  dividend  had  been 
declared  for  three  years  and  the  cause 
for  the  present  dividend  is  that  Parrot  re- 
ceived in  exchange  for  all  its  property, 
stock  of  the  Anaconda  company  which  is 
now  paying  dividends  into  the  Parrot 
tieasury. 

Davis-Daly — The  annual  report  of  the 
company  shows  that  on  June  30  the  as- 
sets were  ,S702,137,  liabilities  $157,248, 
cash  on  hand  $83,759.  President  Heinze's 
report  states  that  on  the  1700- ft.  level  a 


November  5,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


929 


vein  from  2  to  (5  ft.  wide  is  now  being 
drifted  on  but  the  ore  is  not  uniformly 
commercial.  On  the  Silver  King  claim 
leasers  have  cut  a  vein  running  6  per 
cent,  copper  and  have  sunk  a  winze  50 
ft.  on  the  vein.  No  production  is  being 
made  at  present. 

Jefferson  County 

Montana-Corbin — The  Western  Mining 
Supply   Company   of   Butte   has   recently 
been  granted  a  default  judgment  against 
the  mining  company  for  ,S1441. 
Lewis  &  Clark  County 

Marysville — The  company  has  been  in- 
corporated by  George  J.  Scharschurg, 
Rudolph  Horsky,  S.  W.  Langhon,  Will  H. 
Smith,  Edwin  S.  Booth  and  Edward  F. 
Beadle,  capital  S400,000,  shares  of  SI. 
The  property  is  in  Towsley  gulch  four 
m.iles  west  of  Marysville,  and  comprises 
the  Midsummernight's  Dream,  owned  by 
the  company,  and  the  Bell  Boy,  Gleason, 
Towsley,  Nile  and  General  Lee  quartz 
claims,  held  under  lease  and  bond.  A 
tunnel  is  now  being  driven,  which  will 
drain  the  Bell  Boy  to  the  500-ft.  level, 
and  a  10-stamp  mill  will  be  erected. 

Montana — The  judgment  for  S203,129, 
against  this  mining  company  and  in  favor 
of  the  St.  Louis  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany for  damages  for  the  conversion  of 
ore  has  been  affirmed  by  the  U.  S.  Cir- 
cuit Court  of  Appeals  at  San  Francisco. 

Lincoln  County 
Shaughnessy  Hill — The  management 
states  that  4  ft.  of  shipping  ore  and  26  ft. 
of  concentrating  ore  have  recently  been 
cut.  A  car  has  been  shipped  to  East 
Helena. 


Nevada 
Esmeralda  County 
Yellow  Tiger — Low-grade    milling    ore 
has   been    opened    on    the   700-ft.    level. 
The  formation  is  a  silicified  dacite. 

Goldfield  /Inner— The  1025-ft.  level 
is  being  prospected.  The  raise  to  tap 
the  shoot  opened  on  the  800  is  not  yet 
in  ore. 

Daisy — The  Morrison  lease  on  this 
Diamondfield  property  is  maintaining 
regular  ore  shipments. 

Humboldt  County 

J.  L.  Safford  reports  the  discovery  of 
a  high-grade  gold-silver-lead  lode  on  the 
Mammoth  claim  of  the  property  of  the 
famous  old  Sheba  Mining  Company.  The 
ore  was  disclosed  in  unprospected 
ground  within   10  ft.  of  the  surface. 

Chaffee,  the  gold  camp  south  of  Win- 
nemucca,  under  court  judgment  has  pass- 
ed   largely   info    the    control    of   the   Mc- 
Cornick  interests,  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
Lander  County 

Mar/copa— This  company  has  complet- 
ed the  compressor  plant  at  True  Blue 
tunnel  in  New  York  cation  and  has  begun 
the  driving  toward  the  Patriot  property,  a 
distance  of  SfiSO  ft.     A   100-ton  cyanide 


mill  has  been  ordered  and  an  electric 
power  plant  will  be  installed  of  300-h.p. 
capacity.  The  company  owns  the  Patriot, 
Morrison-Cable,  Chase,  Annie  and  True 
Blue   properties. 

Austin-Manhattan — The  construction 
on  the  Huff  process  plant  is  fast  nearing 
completion.  The  mill  will  be  in  commis- 
sion  soon. 

Nye  County 
Round  Mountain — The  jury  in  the  case 
of  John  F.  Davidson  vs.  Round  Moun- 
tain Mining  Company,  rendered  a  verdict 
in  favor  of  the  plaintiff,  who  alleged 
wrongful  e.\traction  of  ore  from  property 
which  he  held  under  lease.  The  jury 
fi.\ed  the  value  of  the  ore  at  $82,000,  but 
under  the  law  this  amount  may  be 
doubled  by  way  of  compensatory  dam- 
ages. 

Buffalo — The  five-stamp  mill  being  in- 
stalled  near  Manhattan   is   ready. 

Tonopah-Belmont — The  Belmont  vein 
has  been  picked  up  to  the  east  of  the 
fault  encountered  on  the  1100-ft.  level. 
After  cutting  12  ft.  of  faulted  ground  the 
earlier  andesite  was  again  encountered, 
but  a  53-ft.  crosscut  in  a  northeasterly  di- 
rection disclosed  a  14-ft.  vein  almost  iden- 
tical with  the  original  vein,  which  had 
already  been  followed  for  700  feet. 

Tonopah — A  plant  is  being  installed  to 
equalize  the  drain  on  the  main  lines  of 
the  Nevada  California  Power  Company. 
Fluctuation  will  be  eliminated  to  an  ex- 
tent  and    economy   effected. 

Tramp  Consolidated — The  company 
mill,  at  Rhyolite,  is  in  commission  as  a 
custom  plant.  The  leasers  are  not  able 
to  supply  40  tons  a  day  (the  capacity  of 
10  stamps),  but  half  a  dozen  operators 
are  making  regular  shipments. 
White  Pine  County 

Boston-Ely — The  directors  have  de- 
cided to  resume  shaft  sinking. 

Blackhorsc — The  final  payment  on  the 
purchase  price  of  550,000  has  been  made 
to  Tommy  Watkins,  by  D.  Austin  Brown, 
of  Boston  and  A.  G.  Burrett,  of  Salt  Lake, 
who  will  commence  fhe  development  on 
an  extensive  scale. 


New  York 
Witherbee,  Sherman  &  Co.,  of  Mina- 
ville  and  Port  Henry,  who  recently  pur- 
chased the  Arnold  hill  iron-ore  lands  in 
Clinton  county,  will  start  at  once  to  de- 
velop.   A  shaft  will  be  sunk. 


New  Mexico 

China — At  the  end  of  September  it 
was  claimed  that  this  company  i.ad  24,- 
598,879  tons  of  developed  ore  and  4,346,- 
465  tons  of  partially  developed  ore.atotal 
of  28,945,344  tons,  averaging  2.68  per 
cent,    copper. 

Superior — This  mine,  at  Lordsburg, 
owned  by  the  Calumet  &  Arizona,  will 
ship  soon  to  Bisbec.  Alfred  Paul  is  in 
charge. 

Lone  Rock — Plans  are  being  made  by 
McPherson  &  Copp  for  the  development 
of  this  claim,  in  Las  Animas  district. 
Sierra  county,  on  which  is  a  body  of 
manganese  ore  reported  to  run  from  32 
per  cent,  to  64  per  cent,  manganese  with- 
out sulphur,  silica,  or  phosphorus. 


Oregon 
Baker  County 
Phoenix— Th\s  property  in    the    Green- 
horn  district   has   been    leased   to    Harry 
Wilson,  Sumpter. 

Nuggcit — This  group  is  being  worked 
under  the  direction  of  A.  J.  Denny, 
Sumpter. 

Floyd — This  property  has  been  leased 
to  Frank  Pierce  and  Charles  Coleman, 
of  Greenhorn,  who  will  start  develop- 
ment. 


Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  and  Iron 
Company — The  financial  statement  for 
the  three  months  of  the  fiscal  year  from 
July  1  to  Sept.  30  shows  gross  earnings, 
S5,686,397;  expenses,  S6,081,201;  deficit, 
$394,804.  As  compared  with  the  corres- 
ponding period  in  1909  there  was  an 
increase  of  S27 1,243  in  gross  earnings, 
and  an  increase  of  $167,717  in  the  deficit. 

Pittsburg  Coal  Company — This  finan- 
cial statement  for  the  nine  months  ended 
Sept.  30  shows  earnings  over  operating 
expenses,  $3,356,414.  Charges  were 
.S607,370  for  depletion  of  coal  lands; 
$675,817  for  depreciation  of  plant  and 
equipment;  $739,666  for  interest;  total, 
$2,022,853,  leaving  a  surplus  of  $1,333,- 
561.  As  compared  with  1909,  there  w^as 
an  increase  of  $1,169,108  in  net  earnings; 
and  an  increase  of  $1,101,961  in  the  sur- 
plus. 


Texas 

Silver  Hill — This  mining  company  has 
been  incorporated  at  Marfa  to  operate  a 
silver  property,  formerly  a  producer,  48 
miles  southwest  of  Marfa  in  Presidio 
county.  R.  K.  Colquett  is  first-incorpora- 
tor. 


Utah 

Juab  County 

Bradley — A  compressor  has  been 
moved  out  of  this  property  in  North  Tin- 
tic,  and  will  be  installed  shortly. 

Emerald — Prospects  for  finding  ore 
on  the  1100-ft.  level  are  considered  good. 
Work  at  greater  depth  will  probably  be 
carried  on  through  the  Opex  shaft. 

Utah  Mine — A  shipment  from  this  mine. 
Fish  Springs,  of  47,842  lb.  netted  S2637, 
after  paying  transportation  charges.  The 
shipment  carried  47  per  cent.  lead,  171 
oz.  silver,  and  60c.  gold  per  ton. 
Iron  County 

Horseshoe — This  property  at  Fay,  just 
over  the  Nevada  line  from  Gold  Springs, 
is  reported  to  have  been  bonded  to  J.  R. 
Cowell,    representing;   an  'English     com- 


930 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


piny.  Preparations  are  being  made  to 
start  work.  The  mine  is  being  thoroughly 
sampled,  and  a  large  mill  test  will  be 
made  on  the  low-grade  ores  above  the 
400-ft.  level.  Cyanide  tests  are  being 
made  on  mill  tailings.  The  dump  con- 
tains about  40,000  tons.  There  is  a  150- 
ton  mill  on  the  property,  also  a  compres- 
sor and  hoist.  The  ore  carries  gold  and 
silver,  and  occurs  in  fissure  veins  in  an- 
desite.  The  mine  was  formerly  oper- 
ated by  several  companies,  but  the  pay 
shoots  have  been  exhausted  and  little 
attempt  has  been  made  to  keep  develop- 
ment ahead  of  production.  The  property 
is  near  the  Snowflake  and  Jennie  mines. 

Piute   County 

Considerable  interest  is  being  taken  in 
the  Marysvale  district  on  account  of  the 
rich  strike  made  in  the  DeWitt  lease. 

Bully  Roy  &  Webster — Ore  is  being 
mined  by  the  DeWitt  lease  from  the 
tunnel,  and  from  a  winze  below  this 
level.  A  carload  has  been  hauled  to  the 
railroad  at  Marysvale,  which  is  expected 
to  run  S50  per  ton  in  silver  and  gold. 
The  DeWitt  lease  expires  Nov.  14,  and 
effort  is  being  made  to  mine  all  the  ore 
possible.  The  high-grade  streak  is  15  in. 
wide. 

Log  Cabin — The  Franklin  tunnel,  which 
is  being  driven  by  Philadelphia  interests, 
is  reported  to  have  cut  a  30-ft.  vein, 
which  carries  as  high  as  S8  to  SIO  in  gold 
and  silver.  The  tunnel  is  in  2700  ft., 
and  is  thought  to  have  tapped  the  vein 
which  outcrops  on  the  Bradburn  and 
Log  Cabin  claims. 

Shamrock — Five  cars  of  ore  have  been 
shipped  since  operations  started  about  a 
year  ago.  The  last  car  carried  42  oz. 
silver,  S20  gold,  and  6  per  cent,  copper. 
There  is  considerable  second-class  ore  on 
the  dumps,  which  is  stated  to  run  S8  to 
SIO.  A  winze  is  being  sunk  from  the 
lower  tunnel  in  ore  from  1  to  7  ft.  wide. 

Cascade — Development  is  being  done 
on  this  property,  which  adjoins  the  Sham- 
rock on  the  west.  Some  ore  is  being 
mined  and  piled   for  shipment. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Bingham-Neiv  Haven — ,^t  the  annual 
meeting  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Oct.  21,  the 
following  officers  were  elected:  L.  E. 
Stoddard,  president;  E.  B.  Critchlow, 
vice-president;  T.  W.  Farnam,  secretary 
and  treasurer;  C.  H.  Doolittle,  general 
manager.  The  company  owns  500  acres 
near  the  Utah  Consolidated.  A  new 
body  of  copper  ore  was  developed  re- 
cently, which  is  reported  to  carry  4  per 
cent,  copper  and  to  have  been  opened 
about  200  ft.  on  the  strike.  Shipments 
of  between  200  and  300  tons  daily  are 
being  made  to  Garfield. 

Montann-Ringham — The  lower  tunnel 
has  cut  low-grade  ore  for  140  ft.  It  is 
being  driven  for  the  Quinn  fissure,  which 
is  still  200   ft.   from  the   face. 


Starless — It  is  reported  that  Eastern 
interests  are  trying  to  get  an  option  on 
this  group  of  claims,  owned  by  Col.  E.  A. 
Wall.  The  property  adjoins  the  Utah 
Copper. 

Utah  Mines  Coalition — The  tunnel 
broke  into  a  body  of  silver-lead  ore,  Oct. 
21,  which  further  development  has  shown 
to  be  up  to  6  ft.  thick.  Where  cut  the 
ore  contained  a  streak  14  in.  wide  which 
ran  59  per  cent,  lead  and  about  1  oz.  of 
silver  for  every  lead  unit.  Four  mine 
cars  of  first  class  have  been  taken  out 
in  development.  A  contract  has  been 
made  with  the  Knight  Power  Company 
to  furnish  electric  power,  which  will  re- 
place the  gasolene  now  used.  The  tun- 
nel is  in  4000  ft.,  and  cut  the  vein  600 
ft.  below  the  deepest  workings.  Ore  bins 
are   being  built. 

Canton — This  company  has  filed  ar- 
ticles. The  capital  stock  is  SIOO.OOO, 
shares  SI.  The  company  has  acquired 
a  group  of  claims  in  Big  Cottonwood. 
D.  J.  Williams  is  president. 

K.  &  P. — These  claims  lie  between  the 
South  Columbus  and  West  Columbus,  in 
Peruvian  caiion,  running  into  Little  Cot- 
tonwood. Seventeen  inches  of  ore,  car- 
rying gold,  silver  an.l  copper,  is  reported 
in  the   face   of  the  20Q-ft.  tunnel. 

Rainbow — On  Oct.  22  the  tunnel  broke 
into  mineralized  country  rock,  carrying 
galena.  The  property  consists  of  about 
14  claims  on  the  south  side  of  Little  Cot- 
tonwood, near  Alta.  R.  J.  Jarvis  is 
manager. 

SuM.MiT  County 
It   is    reported   that   the   Grasselli    zinc 
plant  at  Park  City  will  build  an  addition 
capable  of  handling   125  tons  of  tailings 
per  day. 

Daly-West — About  21  leases  have  been 
given,  and  60  leasers  are  at  work.  Car- 
son &  Roberts,  who  have  a  block  of 
ground  on  the  900-ft.  level,  have  shipped 
a  26-ton  lot,  that  ran  high  in  silver.  On 
account  of  the  leasers  some  unusually 
rich  ore  is  being  shipped.  The  company 
is  extending  the  1550-ft.  level  toward  the 
Daly-Judge. 

Ontario — Regular  shipments  are  being 
made  from  the  Crowther  lease,  which  has 
40  men  at  work.  The  ore  is  hauled  to 
the  Park  City  sampler.  H.  M.  Tyler  has 
taken  a  lease  on  another  part  of  the 
mine,  and  will  start  work  soon.  The 
small  bodies  and  bunches  of  ore  left  can 
be  worked  to  better  advantage  by  leas- 
er? than  under  company  direction-.  The 
royalties  and  tunnel  water  rights  bring 
in  enough  income  to  keep  up  repairs  on 
the  property.  Unless  new  veins  are  op- 
ened by  the  lessees,  it  does  not  seem 
probable  that  the  company  will  again 
work  the  mine. 

Tooele  County- 
Lion    Hill — This   company,   backed    by 
Boston    capital,    has    taken    a    bond    and 
lease  on  the  Buffalo  Consolidated  claims. 


Work  is  being  done  in  the  Buffalo  tun- 
nel, which  is  being  driven  to  cut  the 
Chloride  Point  vein  at  250  ft.  greater 
depth  than  heretofore  opened.  The 
Chloride  Point  oreshoot  was  practically 
continuous  for  1100  ft.  The  ore  carries 
silver  with  some  gold.  Work  will  also 
be  started  in  the  tunnel  on  the  Northern 
Light  claim.  An  air  line  is  being  put  in 
from  the  Ophir  Hill  compressor  to  the 
Buff'alo  tunnel,  and  a  building  will  be 
erected  at  the  portal.  Machine  drills 
and  track  have  been  purchased. 

Cliff — Secretary  and  treasurer  A.  L. 
Kern,  of  Milwaukee,  made  a  visit  of  in- 
spection to  the  property,  Oct.  20.  The 
regular  output  of  70  tons  daily  is  being 
maintained.  Milwaukee  people  are  large- 
ly interested. 

Ophir  Hill — Water  which  is  being 
pumped  from  the  inclined  shaft  will  te 
used  in  the  mill.  A  pipe  line  has  been 
laid.  The  water  supply  in  the  canon  is 
lower  than  usual. 

Dry  Canon — This  company  is  shipping 
40  to  50  tons  of  silver-lead  ore  a  month 
from  its  lease  on  the  Kearsarge  mine. 
The  ore  carries  S7  in  gold  and  brings 
from  S35  to  S40  per  ton.  It  occurs  where 
north-south  m.ineralizing  fissures  cut  a 
bed   of  silicious   limestone. 

Hidden  Treasure — Work  is  being  done 
in  the  2700-ft.  tunnel,  and  some  ore  is 
being  mined. 

Mona — Control  of  this  property  has 
been  taken  over  by  Pittsburg  interests. 
The  mine  is  one  of  the  old-time  pro- 
ducers. 

Utah  County 

Mountain  Dell — Enough  ore  is  being 
shipped  to  cover  development.  Three 
cars  have  been  shipped  during  the  past 
two  months,  and  another  car  is  on  the 
market.  Four  feet  of  good  silver-lead 
ore  was  recently  encountered,  and  is  be- 
ing followed.  As  broken  down  it  carries 
around  35  per  cent,  lead,  75  oz.  silver, 
2  per  cent,  copper,  and  some  gold.  De- 
velopment will  be  kept  up  during  the 
winter. 

Miller — This  property  adjoins  the 
Mountain  Dell  on  the  northwest,  and  is 
one  of  the  oldest  in  the  district,  having 
been  worked  as  early  as  1868.  It  is  ac- 
credited with  a  large  production.  A  car 
of  silver-lead  ore  has  been  shipped  by 
leasers.  Beside  silver  and  lead  ore  the 
ore  carries  around  SIO  gold  per  ton. 
Approximately  half  of  the  property  has 
been  developed. 

F.ndora  Bell — Power  drills  are  being 
used.  Air  is  obtained  from  the  Mineral 
Flat   Company. 

Lost  Josephine — Work  on  this  com- 
pany's claims  has  been  closed  for  the 
season.     The  tunnel  is  in   140  feet. 

Pacific — A  large  tonnage  of  low-grade 
ore  is  claimed  to  have  been  developed  on 
this  property  in  American  Fork  cafion 
There   are   two   tunnels  800   and   300   ft. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


931 


in  lenRth,  from  which  an  aggregate  of 
1400  ft.  of  drifting  has  been  done.  The 
property  consists  of  nine  claims  near 
the  Mountain  Dell.  J.  O.  Craig  is  presi- 
dent. 


Washington 

Snohomish  County 

Nonpareil — This  company  is  consider- 
ing the  erection  of  a  smeltery  at  its  mine 
near  Everett. 

New  Republic — The  holdings  of  this 
company  have  been  transferred  to  A.  L. 
Bradley,  of  the  Rathbon  Reduction  Works, 
Republic.  This  property  includes  the  old 
Republic  mine  and  other  claims. 

Princess  Maud  and  Ore-Or-No-Go — 
These  claims  have  been  sold  to  W.  W. 
Gifford  and  C.  W.  Butterfield,  of  Spo- 
kane, and  a  company  is  to  be  formed 
known  as  the  Princess  Republic  Com- 
pany. 

North  Washington  Power  and  Rcduc- 
lon  Company — This  company  will  install 
I  large  cyanide  plant  for  the  reduction  of 
he  ores  from  the  mines  in  the  Republic 
listrict.  L.  M.  Anderson,  Republic,  is 
'resident. 


Canada 
British  Columbia 

Attention  is  being  attracted  to  a  min- 
ig  field  recently  discovered  in  the  south- 
rn  part  of  Yale  mining  division.  It  is 
istant  from  Hope,  on  the  Eraser  river, 
bout  40  miles,  the  trail  from  Hope 
rossing  the  main  Cascade  range  and 
assing  thence  down  the  Sumallow  rivir 
'  the  Skagit,  the  mineralized  belt  being 
1  the  vicinity  of  the  latter  stream,  along 
s  course  for  about  si.\  miles  northeast 
om  the  International  Boundary.  The 
■  rmation  is  stated  to  be  andesite  with 
itrusive  sheets  of  quartz  porphyry,  the 
tter  containing  visible  free  gold.  Speci- 
en  assays  have  given  returns  ranging 
om  ,S15  to  S20()  in  gold  per  ton.  The 
strict  is  not  difficult  of  access,  but  with 
e  winter  coming  on  the  snow  will  pre- 
mt  surface  prospecting.  Claimholders 
id  others  interested  are  combining  to 
cure  the  early  construction  of  a  wagon 
ad.  A  townsite  has  been  surveyed  and 
itel  and  store  buildings  are  being  erect- 
!.  The  center  of  activity  is  on  Steam- 
lat  mountain,  on  and  about  which  num- 
ous  mineral   claims   have   been   staked. 

Yankee  Girl — A  compressor  has  been 
ceived  at  Ymir  for  this  mine,  which   is 

'PPing  gold-silver  ore  of  the  Consol- 
ated  smeltery,   at  Trail. 

ffaH'/iirfc— Shipment  of  ore  has  been 
sumed,  at  the  rate  of  about  200  tons 
day.  By  arrangement  ore  is  going  to 
itish  Columbia  smeltery,  at  Green- 
lod. 

Nlayflower~On    this    property,    in    the 
•|Uth   Belt   district,    under   lease    to    N. 
|inson,  two  veins  have  b»en  opened. 
Bcatrice—lt  is  reported  that  this  mine 


in  the  Lardeau  district  will  reopen.  Har- 
ry Anderson,  of  Nelson,  is  one  of  the 
principal  stockholders. 

California — This  mine,  on  Toad  moun- 
tain, is  being  worked  by  J.   P.   Bell. 

Standard— This  property,  near  Silver- 
ton,  will  retain  a  large  force  during  the 
winter.     The  ore  is  shipped  to  Trail. 

ryee— During  September  7600  tons  of 
nre,  valued  at  S89,000,  were  treated. 
New  Brunswick 
A  syndicate  represented  by  Sir  W.  C. 
Van  Home  has  bought  the  property  form- 
erly owned  by  the  Albert  Coal  and  Rail- 
\^ay  Company  about  25  miles  from 
Moncton.  A  company  is  being  organized 
in  London  to  work  the  deposits  of  oil 
shale  there,  on  a  large  scale.  The  de- 
posits have  been  examined  by  Canadian 
and  English  experts,  and  a  special  report 
on  the  oil  shales  was  made  last  year  by 
Dr.  Heindich  Ries. 

Nova  Scotia 
Canada  Paint  Company — This  Mon- 
treal company  is  putti'g  in  machinery 
and  preparing  to  work  the  barytes  mine  at 
Memramcook  in  Westmoreland  county.  J. 
Bradley  is  manager. 

Ontario 
Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Oct.  22  were:  Buffalo,  52,430  lb.; 
Cobalt  Townsite,  (54,000;  Coniagas,  62,- 
540;  Hargraves,  42,300;  Kerr  Lake,  387,- 
700;  La  Rose,  184,740;  McKinley-Dar- 
ragh,  174,510;  Nipissing,  309,310;  Right 
of  Way,  62,270;  Temiskaming,  141,870; 
total,    1,481,670  pounds. 

According  to  the  report  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  for  1909,  which  has  lately  been 
issued,  four  mining  companies  paid  to  the 
Ontario  Government  in  ore  royalties  the 
sum  of  S338,426  approximately  837,000 
more  is  due  but  the  time  for  payment  did 
not  fall  within  the  fiscal  year.  This  roy- 
alty is  also  exclusive  of  the  amounts 
paid  by  the  Right-of-Way  and  City  of  Co- 
balt mines,  to  the  Temiskamin;;  &  North- 
ern Ontario  Railway  commission  to  Oct. 
31,  1909,  the  O'Brien,  Crown  Reserve, 
Temiskaming  &  Hudson  Bay  and  Cham- 
bers-Ferland  mines  pr.id  in  royalties 
^^779,443,  the  former  being  miich  the  larg- 
est contributor,  having  paid  5474,357. 
The  sale  of  lands  in  the  Gillies  Limit, 
was  also  a  source  of  considerable  revenue 
to  the  Government.  In  all  there  were  four 
sales  and  1671.71  acres  were  disposed  of, 
bringing  in  S7 11,453,  including  the  price 
paid  for  the  Provincial  mine.  These  lots 
were  sold  on  condition  that  10  per  cent,  of 
the  gross  proceeds  from  ore  sales,  less 
freight  and  treatment  charges,  should  be 
paid  as  royalty. 

The  Walker-Hennesy-Davidson-Carson 
properties  in  Porcupine,  have  been  op- 
tioned for  short  term  by  New  York  and 
English  capitalists.  The  price  is  stated 
to    be   SI 50,000. 

Northern  Customs  Concentrator — The 
foundations    are    being    laid    for   the    in- 


stallation of  an  addition  of  20  stamps, 
to  enable  the  company  to  handle  the  out- 
put of  the  Townsite  mine,  with  which  a 
contract  has  been  made  for  50  tons  of  ore 
per  day.  The  present  capacity  of  the 
mill  is  150  tons  per  day,  which  is  all  re- 
quired for  treating  the  ores  of  the  City 
of  Cobalt  and  La  Rose  mines. 

La  Rose — President  D.  Lome  McCib- 
bon  confirms  the  report  of  the  discovery 
of  a  rich  vein  running  parallel  to  the 
main  vein  at  the  170-ft.  level.  He  states 
that  the  vein  has  been  cut  at  eight  points 
on  the  157-ft.  level,  and  also  at  the 
62-ft.  level.  The  vein  has  been  opened 
up  for  300  ft.  and  appears  to  average 
about  4  to  5  in.  in  width,  the  ore  assay- 
ing nearly  4000  oz.  to  the  ton.  Mr.  Mc- 
Gibbon  also  confirmed  the  later  statement 
of  an  important  strike  of  ore  on  the 
Lawson  property,  at  the  188-ft.  level. 

Bishop — The  work  done  on  this  mine, 
at  Gowganda,  includes  25,000  ft.  of 
stripping  and  1000  ft.  of  shaft  work, 
the  deepest  shaft  being  132  ft.,  proving 
the  continuance  of  ore  at  that  depth. 
There  are  two  50-h.p.  plants  in  operation, 
and  an  additional  100-h.p.  plant  has  been 
ordered.  As  the  freight  rate  to  Latch- 
ford  is  S47  per  ton,  the  ore  is  all  being 
stored. 

Lucky  Godfrey — This  Elk  Lake  mine 
has  been  closed  down  for  want  of  funds, 
pending  a  reorganization. 

Wettlaufer — This  South  Lorrain  mine 
has  a  pay  shoot  126  ft.  long  at  the  220- 
ft.  level,  and  the  face  of  the  drift  Is  in 
4  in.  of  high-grade  ore. 

North  Davidson — This  Porcupine 
group  of  five  claims  in  the  northeast  of 
Tisdale  township,  which  were  formerly 
under  option  to  M.  .1.  O'Brien  for  S130,- 
000,  have  been  sold  to  a  New  York  syn- 
dicate. The  purchase  price  is  stated  at 
SI  50,000. 

Bailey — High-grade  ore  has  been  en- 
countered on  the  230-ft.  level  of  this  Co- 
balt property.  Arrangements  have  been 
made  with  the  Cobalt  Central,  to  con- 
centrate part  of  the   Bailey  ore. 

Gould  Consolidated — At  this  Cobalt 
mine  a  vein  carrying  high  silver  has  been 
struck  at  the  .300- ft.  level  by  diamond 
drilling.     A  shaft  will  be  put  dowm. 

Drummond — This  Cobalt  property  is 
resuming  work  and  will  sink  a  shaft  to 
catch  the  Hargraves  vein. 

Buflalo—Tr.e  mill  report  for  Septem- 
ber shows  that  there  were  treated  37 IS 
tons,  assaying  28.35  oz.  per  ton  from 
v>hich  was  recovered  82,639  oz.  of  silver. 
Total  milling  expenses,  S4864. 

Yukon  Territory 
A  N.  C.  Treadgold  is  enlarging  his 
oper.-tions  by  the  construction  of  a  largs 
ditch  from  near  the  mouth  of  Rock  creek, 
down  the  left  liinit  of  the  Klondike  river 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Hunker.  Harry 
Boardman  has  charge. 


932 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 

The  Alvarado  Consolidated  Mines 
Company  and  the  Palmilla  Mining  Com- 
pany, both  of  Parral,  will  he  consolidated 
into  a  S5,000,000  company.  Both  com- 
panies were   financed   from  Boston. 

Descubridora — It  is  reported  that  oper- 
ations will  be  resumed  at  this  mine  near 
Chihuahua.  It  is  a  producer  of  desir- 
able silicious  ore  carrying  gold  and  silver. 

Sierra  Plata — This  mine  in  the  Villa 
Escobedo  section  is  now  producing  at 
tiie  rate  of  about  60  tons  daily,  the  pro- 
duct going  to  Chihuahua. 

Resolana — The  Penoles  company  is 
mining  an  increased  tonnage  from  this 
Parral  property,  the  product  going  to 
Mapimi. 

DURANGO 

Lustre — This  company's  property  was 
sold,  December,  1909,  at  public  sale,  and 
purchased  by  the  creditors.  The  creditors 
and  former  stockholders  have  formed  a 
new  organization,  the  full  details  of  which 
will  appear  later,  and  arrangements  are 
being  made  to  resume  work  immediately. 
The  new  company  will  be  organized  witfi 
a  capital  of  S2,500,000,  not  over  S  1,425,- 
000  of  which  will  be  issued  under  the 
present  arrangement.  The  company  will 
have  an  authorized  issue  of  400,000  col- 
lateral income  bonds,  not  over  S310,000 
of  which  will  be  issued  under  the  pres- 
ent arrangement,  leaving  90,000  bonds 
and  1,175,000  shares  of  stock  in  the 
treasury.  The  company  is  free  of  debt 
and  starts  with  ,S  125,000  cash. 

Tominil — This  British  company  which 
has  been  developing  a  silver-gold  vein 
near  the  Durango-Sinaloa  line  for  nearly 
a  decade  will  reorganize  according  to 
London  advices  and  continue  operations. 

Inde  Reduction  Company — This  prop- 
erty has  recently  changed  ownership  and 
the  new  owners  will  immediately  put  the 
smelting  plant  in  commission. 

Bacis — This   gold-silver   property    near 
San  Dimas  has  resumed.     It  has  a  mill. 
Guerrero 

Trinidad — A  company  of  this  name  has 
been  incorporated  at  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
capital  S125,000,  to  operate  gold-silver 
mines  in  Guerrero.  Henry  Jameson,  F. 
O.  Dorsey  and  L.  W.  Hay  are  the  in- 
corporators. 

Hidalgo 

Compania  Beneficiadora  de  Metals  de 
Atotonilco  el  Chico — This  company  has 
teen  organized  to  build  a  cyanide  mill  in 
LI  Chico.  The  company  has  contracts  for 
ore  for  10  years.  Following  are  the  of- 
ficers. J.  P.  Warr,  president;  P.  L.  Rodri- 
guez, first  vocal;  T.  P.  Honey,  second 
vocal;  S.  Ludlow,  third  vocal;  R.  N. 
Rabling,  comisario;  G.  Gonzalez,  secre- 
tary. 

Jalisco 

Magistral-Ameca — As  the  result  of  a 
deal    just    made,    French    interests,    now 


identified  with  Mexican  mining  enterpris- 
es, acquire  a  large  stockholding  in  the 
Magistral  Ameca  Copper  Company,  of 
Los  Angeles,  owning  the  Magistral  cop- 
per mine  and  reduction  plant  in  the 
Ameca  district.  The  deal  will  result  in 
a  fund  of  about  200,000  pesos  after  the 
payment  of  all  indebtedness.  The  com- 
pany has  discarded  the  Elmore  flotation 
process  and  jigs,  and  is  now  treating  its 
ores  by  concentrating  on  Wilfley  tables, 
regrinding  middlings  and  tailings  in  a 
tube  mill  and  running  the  product  over 
slime  tables.  The  tonnage  handled  has 
been  low,  due  to  screen  troubles  result- 
ing from  acid  and  the  extreme  hardness 
of  the  ore.  Several  classes  of  screens 
have  been  ordered  for  tests.  From  an 
average  of  36  tons  daily  the  company  has 
been  shipping  7  tons  of  concentrates. 
It  is  proposed  to  remodel  the  plant  to 
some  extent  and  install  six  additional 
sand  and  four  slime  tables.  The  tonnage 
will  be  brought  up  to   150  tons  daily. 

Mirador  Mining  Company — This  com.- 
pany,  owning  the  Mercedes-Providencia 
group  in  the  Hostotipaquillo  district,  and 
the  San  Francisco  group  across  the  San- 
tiago river  in  Tepic,  will  build  a  100-ton 
reduction  plant  during  the  coming  year. 
The  plant  will  be  at  the  Mercedes-Provi- 
dencia. Shipments  of  sorted  ore  from 
this  group  run  3000  grams  silver  and  15 
grams   gold. 

Mexico 

Esperanza — For  September  the  mill 
crushed  19,101  tons  and  the  total  receipts 
were  SI 45,047,  and  net  profits  536,238. 

Michoacan 
A  new  gold  camp  is  being  developed  at 
Pomoca  and  San  Miguel   El  Alto,  north- 
west of  El  Oro.    The  San  Vidal  company, 
Mexico  City,  is  the  principal  operator. 

Oaxaca 
San    Fernando — A    Quincy,    111.,    com- 
pany will  develop  these  lead-silver  prop- 
erties, about  43  miles  southwest  of  San 
Fernando.     J.   W.    Gardner   is   president. 

SiNALOA 

The  exclusive  concession  for  smelting 
in  Sinaloa  granted  to  A.  H.  McKay  and 
associates  has  been  acquired  by  the  Pa- 
cific Smelting  and  Mining  Company  of 
New  York,  which  company  already  owns 
the  plants  at  Fundicion  and  Guaymas  in 
Sonora. 

SONORA 

Greene-Cananea — A  mixing  bed,  with 
automatic  assimilators  and  belt  convey- 
ers, is  being  installed  to  mix  and  feed 
concentrates   for   the   roasting   plant. 

Nacozari  Consolidated — Work  on  the 
adit  tunnel,  which  was  expected  to  reach 
the  shaft  by  Jan.  1,  has  stopped,  pend- 
ing the  sale  of  ,S000  shares  of  stock  to 
meet  the  expenditure. 

El  Tigre — Surveys  for  the  transmission 
line,  connecting  the  mines  and  works  with 
the   power   plant   of   the   Copper   Queen 


Company,  at  Douglas,  have  been  com- 
pleted. 

Calumet  &  Sonora — The  directors  of 
this  company  have  appointed  Dwight  E. 
Woodbridge  general  manager,  vice  J.  W. 
Norton,  resigned. 

North  Tigre — A  tunnel,  for  prospecting 
purposes,  is  being  driven. 

La  Antigua — Two  cars  of  silver  ore 
are  shipped  weekly  from  this  mine  by 
H.   C.   Carr,   lessee. 

Eleniia — This  company,  owning  ground 
south  of  Cananea,  and  chiefiy  owned  by 
L.  W.  Powell,  has  sunk  its  initial  shaft 
to   180  feet. 

Mina  Mexico — W.  E.  Pomeroy,  oper- 
ator of  this  mine,  is  grading  a  wagon 
road  from  the  property  to  Tonichi,  and  is 
planning  to  build  a  small  smeltery. 

Trinidad — The  properties  of  this  com- 
pany, in  the  Sahuaripa  district,  are  being 
negotiated  for  by  A.  B.  Fall  and  asso- 
ciates, with  arrangements  for  a  resump- 
tion, if  the   deal  matures. 

Tepic 

Santa  Virginia  Mine  and  Milling  Com- 
pany— This  company  organized  in  San 
Antonio,  Tex.,  capital  S50,000,  has  taken 
over  the  Santa  Virginia,  La  Plomosa  and 
Mariposa  silver-gold  mines  in  the  Amat- 
lan  de  Canas  distrjct,  owned  for  several 
years  by  J.  B.  Mulhall  and  R.  C.  Hawley,- 
who  retain  a  large  interest.  Orders  have 
been  placed  in  San  Francisco  for  five 
stamps,  conical  mill,  concentrators  and 
cyanide  equipment.  The  Santa  Virginia- 
has  been  extensively  developed. 

Pan-American — Development  of  the 
San  Antonio  and  other  properties  in  the 
Amatlan  de  Canas  district  has  progressed 
to  such  a  stage  that  a  concentrating  plant 
is  proposed.  Bankers  of  Gulfport,  Miss., 
are  principally  interested.  E.  M.  Browder 
is  in  charge. 

El  Dorado — This  Mexico  City  company 
is  not  now  operating  at  its  properties  in 
the  Amatlan  de  Canas  district.  A  10-ton 
hot  blast  furnace,  erected  several  months 
ago,  was  shut  down  after  a  short  period 
of  operation. 

Castellana  Consolidated — This  English 
concern  expects  to  dispose  of  its  holding 
in  Tepic,  consisting  of  16  mines  and  a 
concentrating  and  cyaniding  plant.  The 
mines  include  the  Castellana,  worked  by 
the  company  for  a  number  of  years,  and 
the  Guanajuatillo,  a  former  rich  producer,  ' 
unwatered  after  operations  in  the  Castel- 
lafia  were  suspended.  It  was  found  that 
much  additional  development  would  be 
necessary  in  the  Guanajuatillo,  and  the 
directors  voted  against  providing  addi- 
tional capital. 

Zacatecas 

Zacatccas  Mining  and  Metallurgical — 
Electrical  equipment  for  the  concentrat- 
ing and  cyaniding  plant  has  arrived  from 
Germany  and  is  being  installed.  The  plant 
will  be  soon  in  operation. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


933 


THE  MARKETS 


^        f^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 

I  

f     hew  York,  Nov.  2 — Coal  trade   in  the 

West  continues  active,  mines  being  gen- 
erally well  employed,  with  plenty  of  or- 
ders. Prices  are  strong.  The  fear  of  a 
coal  famine  at  large  consuming  points 
has  passed  away.  The  great  question  at 
present  is  car  supply,  and  that  is  making 
a  good  deal  of  trouble.  Cars  are  short 
on  many  lines,  and  coal  operators  are 
held  up  on  pressing  orders.  The  com- 
plaint is  widely  spread,  and  the  railroads 
,]re  coming  in  for  a  great  deal  of  blame. 
In  the  East  both  anthracite  and  bitum- 
nous  trades  are  in  good  shape  and  ac- 
ive.  There  is  some  trouble  with  car 
iupply,  but  conditions  in  this  respect 
ire  much  better  than  in  the  West.  The 
;reatest  shortage  of  cars  is  in  the  West 
/irginia   trade. 

Southern  Coal  Rates — The  Interstate 
commerce  Commission  is  investigating 
harges  made  by  the  Black  Mountain 
^oal  Lands  Company,  the  Victor  Manu- 
acturing  Company,  the  Southern  Ap- 
alachian  Coal  Operators'  Association 
nd  the  Alabama  Coal  Operators'  Asso- 
iation  against  certain  railroads  in  the 
outh.  The  charges  are  that  the  coal 
ates  as  made  by  the  railroads  are  in- 
.•nded  to  discriminate  against  certain 
lines  and  to  limit  the  territory  where 
ley  can  sell  coal. 

Illinois  Miners'  Qualification  Act — A 
■st  case  under  this  act  is  to  be  heard  by 
le  Illinois  Supreme  Court  at  its  fall 
rm,  on  an  appeal  from  Saline  county, 
he  constitutionality  of  the  law  is  con- 
sted  on  several  grounds.  The  act,  the 
■'erators  claim,  makes  it  impossible  to 
iport  men  from  out  of  the  State  or  to 
nploy  nonunion  men  in  the  mines.  It 
"ovides  that  no  one  can  work  in  a  mine 

Illinois  unless  he  passes  an  examina- 
3n  before  a  board  appointed  by  the 
lunty  judge  in  each  county.  These  ex- 
niners  are  invariably  union  men,  and, 
iturally,  thoy  will  recognize  only  union 
iners  as  qualified  to  mine  coal. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

The  total  shipments  of  West  Virginia 
al  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30 
c  reported  as  follows:  Norfolk  & 
estern  district,  19.032,323;  New  River 
^id  Kanawha,  18,490,(549;  Monongahela, 
',616,974;  Potomac,  2,150.538;  Wheel- 
g,  1,237,953;  interior,  small  mines, 
J9,271;  total,  52,723,708  long  tons.  The 
rgest  shipper  was  the  Consolidation 
)a(  Company,  with  5,008,680;  the  sec- 


ond   was    the    United    States    Coal    and 
Coke  Company,  with  2,560,262  tons. 

Norfolk  &  Western  coal  tonnage  three 
months  of  the  fiscal  year  from  July  1  lO 
Sept.   30,   short   tons: 

(>>m-  Cora- 

Fii'lil :                 niPiclal.  pany.  Total. 

Pocalliilitns -JAS-i.-iSS  238,882  3,02'2,170 

TUK  BlVHi- ;),Sj,Gi8  108,804  i'MAM 

ThackKl- 4U8,(;-.>5  U4.145  5S-2,770 

Kenova 176.583  39,596  210,17'.! 

Clinch  VaUey 127,589  10,042  137,031 

Total :I.K81,733        641.409      4.423.2U2 

The  total  for  the  corresponding  period 
in  1909  was  4,014,530  tons;  showing  an 
increase  this  year  of  408,672  tons,  or  10.2 
per  cent. 

Coal  shipments  reported  by  Pittsburg 
Coal  Company,  nine  months  ended  Sept. 
30,  short  tons: 

1909.  1910.        Changes. 

Pittsburg  district.    9,718.344    11.470.112      I.1.7.il,708 
HockluK  district...        (181,465  909,875      I.    228,420 

Total 10,399.799    12.379,987      1.1.980,188 

Coke 344.079  459.930      I.    115.851 

Increase  in  coal  this  year,  19  per  cent.; 
increase  in  coke,  33.7  per  cent. 

New  York 

Anthracite 

Nov.  2 — There  is  little  change  in  the 
local  trade,  though  deliveries  are  improv- 
ing. The  collieries  generally  are  working 
longer  time  than  they  have  been  for  two 
months  past. 

Schedule  prices  for  large  sizes  are 
$4.75  for  broken  and  S5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 
For  steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are: 
Pea,  S2.95r„3.25;  buckwheat,  $l.l5f(( 
2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  $l.65rfr2; 
barley,  S1.35r((  1.50;  all  according  to 
quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 
Bituminous 

The  market  holds  up  well.  The  West 
is  still  taking  some  coal,  chiefly  gas  coal, 
from  Eastern  territory,  and  seaboard  or- 
ders are  good.  All-rail  trade  is  also  in 
good  shape. 

Prices  are  well  held.  Gas  coals  are 
selling  at  tide  at  prices  which  realize 
Sl.OSrr;  l.IO  at  mine  for  H-in.,  95c.r,)$l 
for  run-of-mine  and  70c.  for  slack.  Low- 
volatile  steam  coals  bring  $2,700/2.75, 
New  York  harbor,  for  the  lower  grades, 
and  up  to  S2.90''(  $3  for  better  qualities. 

Car  supply  is  getting  to  be  quite  a 
serious  question  on  some  roads,  and 
there  is  more  or  less  complaint  all 
around.  Transportation  is  up  to  the  mark 
when   the   cars   are   once   loaded. 

In  the  coastwise  vessel  market  there 
is  no  change,  but  rates  are  firmly  held. 
From  Philadelphia  charters  continue  on 
the  basis  of  70''/  75c.  to  Boston  or  Port- 


land. From  New  York  60c.  is  quoted  to 
points  around  Cape  Cod;  30^/ 35c.  to 
Sound  ports. 


Birmingham 

Nov.  1 — Coal  operations  are  very  ac- 
tive in  Southern  territory.  The  produc- 
tion is  only  limited  by  the  railroad  ca- 
pacity, a  car  shortage  being  reported 
from  several  parts  of  the  State.  Some 
of  the  railroad  lines  in  this  district  are 
offering  to  handle  all  business  that  will 
not  require  cars  to  leave  the  home  ter- 
ritory; in  other  words,  the  railroads  are 
afraid  to  allow  their  cars  to  get  away 
from  the  initial  line.  Good  prices  obtain. 
The  New  Orleans,  Pensacola  and  Mobile 
demands  are  increasing  steadily.  The 
operators  in  this  State  are  doing  the  best 
they  can.  In  all  directions  the  mines  are 
being  worked  steadily  and  labor  is  being 
added.  The  decided  change  in  weather 
conditions  has  brought  about  a  better  de- 
mand  for  domestic  coal. 

Coke  is  in  steady  demand  and  those  in 
a  position  to  sell  on  the  open  market  are 
meeting  with   good   trade. 


Chicago 

Nov.  1 — The  weather  has  continued 
cool  and  domestic  trade  has  been  brisk 
accordingly,  while  the  demand  for  steam 
coal  is  steady.  Supplies  of  Western  coal 
are  good,  while  those  of  Eastern  are 
smaller,  chiefly  owing  to  the  shortage  of 
cars,  which  is  getting  to  be  quite  a  se- 
rious question.  The  railroads  are  begin- 
ning to  look  after  their  equipment  closely 
and  are  charging  up  demurrage  pretty 
sharply,  so  that  there  is  less  probability 
of  oversupply 

Prices  are  practically  unchanged.  Illi- 
nois and  Indiana  lump  brings  in  car  lots 
$2.10(//3;  run-of-mine,  $1.85fr/2.05,  and 
screenings  S1.25r//  1.55.  Hocking  is  stead- 
iest and  strongest  of  coals  from  east  of 
Indiana,  bringing  $3.40.  Smokeless  sells 
for  run-of-mine  al  S3. 30,  while  lump 
brings  $3.95(7/4.15.  The  anthracite  trade 
is  good,  owing  to  the  weather  in  both  city 
and  country. 

Cleveland 

Oct.  31 — Shipments  up  the  Lakes  con- 
tinue good,  and  plenty  of  vessels  are  to 
be  had.  The  railroads  have  done  well 
in  carrying  coal  from  the  upper  ports, 
and  there  is  plenty  of  dock  room  there. 
Local  trade  is  active.  Car  shortage  is 
beginning  to  be  quite  a  feature,  especial- 
ly  from  West  Virginia. 

Aliddle  district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland, 
brings  $2.15  for  i;4-in..  S1.90  for  -^^^-in.. 


934 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


S1.80  for  run-of-mine  and  Sl.SOfd  1.55 
for  slack.  No.  8  and  Cambridge  5c.  high- 
er. Pocahontas  is  scarce  on  account  of 
car  shortage,  and  brings  S3.40  for  lump 
and  S2.60''a  2.70  for  run-of-mine. 


Indianapolis 

Nov.  1 — The  coal-car  famine  at  the 
mines  is  so  serious  that  the  coal  oper- 
ators of  Indiana  propose  holding  a  meet- 
ing at  Terre  Haute  to  see  if  some  method 
of  relief  cannot  be  devised.  One  trouble, 
it  seems,  is  that  the  coal-carrying  roads 
operating  in  Indiana  have  permitted  large 
numbers  of  their  cars  to  be  scattered  over 
the  country.  The  State  Railroad  Com- 
mission has  been  consulted  in  regard  to 
the  difficulty  of  obtaining  cars.  The 
chairman  of  the  commission  said  they 
have  had  no  complaints  of  discrimina- 
tion against  any  of  the  coal  producers, 
but  a  large  number  of  complaints  had 
been  received  of  inability  to  get  cars.  A 
number  of  mines  in  the  State  were  re- 
ported idle  during  the  past  week  for  the 
lack  of  cars.  One  reason  given  for  the 
shortage  of  cars  is  that  a  railroad  is  com- 
pelled to  pay  only  25c.  a  day  for  a  car 
belonging  to  another  company.  Some 
roads  have  found  it  cheaper  to  pay  the 
Bominal  sum  than  to  build  cars. 

The  proposed  increase  on  coal  rates 
north  from  Indiana  fields,  affecting  the 
north  half  of  the  State,  will  not  be 
placed  in  effect  until  Dec.  1,  according 
to  advices  received  by  the  Indiana  com- 
mission. An  effort  is  being  made  to 
postpone  the  Indiana  increase  until  Feb. 
1.  Prices  at  the  mines  are  stiff  and 
orders   are   piling  up. 


Pittsburg 

Nov.  1 — Shipments  in  the  Lake  trade 
have  been  dwindling  rapidly,  and  the 
movement  this  month  will  be  very  light. 
Local  demand  is  unchanged.  Subject  lo 
occasional  shading,  market  prices  contin- 
ue quotable  at  S1.20'i/ 1.22' _■  for  run-of- 
mine  and  nut,  S1.30r,(  1.32! <  for  -i^-in., 
SI.45r((  1.47' :•  for  l'4-in.,  and  150i&2iAc. 
for  slack,  per  ton. 

Cnnnellsvitlc  Coke — The  report  men- 
tioned in  last  letter  that  SI. 75  had  been 
done  on  furrrace  coke  for  first  half  is 
confirmed,  the  transaction  having  been 
that  of  a  furnace  interest  covering  its 
requirements  for  November  and  Decem- 
ber at  SI. 55,  and  a  portion  of  its  first- 
half  requirements  at  SI. 75.  Reports  are 
being  circulated  of  coke  at  SI. 90  for  first 
half,  specific  instances  named  being  a 
contract  closed  for  10000  tons  monthly 
and  one  under  negotiation,  lacking  only 
the  arrangement  of  a  minor  detail,  for 
15,000  tons  monthly.  These  reports  are 
not  absolutely  confirmed  and  savor  of 
efforts  very  common  at  this  time  of 
year  to  get  consumers  interested.  There 
have  been  several  scale  contracts  lately 
closed,  and  there  is  not  much  difficulty 
in  putting  sncli  business  through,  the 
ratio  being  7}/  to  1   on  basic  iron,  which 


at  the  present  market  of  S13,  Valley,  for 
basic  iron  works  out  $1.73  for  the  coke. 
We  quote  market  prices  substantially  un- 
changed:  Prompt  furnace,  S1.55Cf(  1.60; 
contract  furnace,  Sl.lSOi  1.90;  prompt 
foundry,  S2r<(2.12;  contract,  S2.25r((  2.50. 
Occasional  lots  of  demurrage  coke  have 
been  sola  at  less  than  SI. 55,  and  som'e- 
times  down  to  SI. 45,  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ended  Oct.  22  at 
351.085  tons,  a  decrease  of  1000  tons, 
and  shipments  at  3653  cars  to  Pittsburg, 
5471  cars  to  points  west  and  840  cars  to 
points  east,  a  total  of  9964  cars. 

St.  Louis 

Oct  31— The  weather  for  the  last  three 
or  four  days  has  been  very  brisk  and  as 
a  consequence  retail  dealers  have  been 
paralyzed  with  business  this  week.  Owing 
to  the  strike  and  high  prices,  everyone 
held  off  buying  coal  during  the  summer 
months  and,  in  fact,  a  very  small  tonnage 
of  domestic  coal  had  moved  prior  to 
Oct.  I.  As  a  consequence  the  buying 
public  all  want  to  get  their  coal  in  at 
the  same  time,  which  has  resulted  in  an 
unusual  congestion.  This,  of  course,  re- 
acts on  the  market  and  high-grade  coal 
of  all  kinds  is  in  excellent  demand  at 
good  prices  even  in  spite  of  the  rigid  car 
restrictions. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are    as    follows: 

St. 

Tllinois.  StiUKiard:  Mine.  Louis 

0-in.  lump  and  egg $1.60  $2.12 

2-in.  lump 1.20  1.60 

Mine-run 1.00  1..".2 

Screenings 0 .  50  1 .  02 

Trenton: 

fi-in.  lump  and  egg 2.50  3.02 

a-in.  nut 2.00  2.52 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

B-in.  lump l.sn  1.32 

2-in.  lump.  ... 1.75  2.27 

.Mine-run 1.20  1.72 

Screenings 0 .  60  1.12 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 2.00  2.67 

3-in.  nut 2.00  2.67 

.Mine-run 1.25  1.92 

Screenings 0. 75  1 .  12 

Pocationtas  and  New  Itiver: 

Lump  or  egg 2 .  25       4 .  75 

Mine-vuu 1.25       3.75 

l*ennsyhania  .Anthracite: 

Nut.  stove  or  egg 6 .  05 

(Irate 6.70 

.Vrkansas  .Anthracite: 

Hggortirale 2.35  5.35 

Colie: 

Connellsville  founilr.v 5.10 

<ias  house 4.90 

.Siiiithin:;    -115 

Prices  at  Past  St.  Louis  are  20c.  per 
ton  below  St.  Louis  quotations.    - 

On  the  other  hand,  there  is  a  large  ton- 
nage of  low-grade  coal,  which  is  not  gen- 
erally favored  for  domestic  use,  which 
has  gone  down  practically  to  the  cost  of 
production  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  rail- 
ways' car  restrictions  are  so  rigid  that  op- 
erators are  absolutely  unable  to  find  a 
iriarket.  The  railroads  are  refusing  to 
let  their  cars  go  to  points  where  they 
have  through  rates  and  are  thereby  vio- 
lating a  very  definite  ruling  of  the  Inter- 


state Commerce  Commission.  However, 
they  figure  they  are  safe  in  this  business 
as  operators  on  their  lines  would  be 
afraid  to  attempt  to  force  them  on  an  is- 
sue of  this  kind  and  no  one  else  cares 
to  tak«  the  trouble  to  put  the  matter  to 
a  test;  consequently,  while  the  railroads 
know  they  are  in  the  wrong,  they  con- 
tinue to  keep  up  the  restrictions  in  every 
instance.  It  is  certain  that  operators  in 
the  Belleville  district  have  suffered  a 
heavy  loss  on  account  of  these  restric- 
tions as  it  has  forced  the  price  of  their 
product  down  at  least  50c.  per  ton,  at  the 
only  time  of  the  year  when  they  can  ex- 
pect to  get  a  good  profit  on  their  coal. 

Anthracite — The  demand  for  anthracite 
has  been  very  good  and  a  large  tonnage 
has  been  moving  to  both  city  and  country 
trade.  Local  dealers  have  about  depleted 
their  early  stocks  and  are  ordering  freely 
to  replenish. 


Itf 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


Belgian  Coal  Trade — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  fuel  in  Belgium,  nine  inonths 
ended  Sept.  30,  metric  tons: 

Imports.  Exports.         Excess. 

Coal 4,72."),ll:t8  3,li27.424  Imp.    l,0'.IK.2Hr 

Coke :){i'.i,I07  7ii:i,4'.H)  E.xp.      424.;is:t 

BrlQuets l'.i'.i.2«7  4i;i.li4i>  E.xp.      'JH.c.."):* 


Total 

Total.  19WI.. 


45'.).17« 
341,52S 


.j,2'.«,ii:)2    4,«:M,8ri4    Imp. 
4,«23,'.)67    4,'.I68,495     Exp. 

Exports  are  chiefly  to  France;  imports 
are  principally  from  Germany. 

Welsh  Coal  Trade— messrs.  Hull,  BIythe 
&  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report  prices 
of  coal  as  follows  on  Oct.  22:  Best  Welsh 
steam  coal,  S3.90;  seconds,  S3.66;  thirds, 
S3.48;  dry  coals,  S3.60;  best  Monmouth- 
shire, S3.48;  seconds,  S3.30;  best  steam 
smalls,  SI. 98;  seconds,  SI. 74.  All  prices 
are  per  long  ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  less 
2]^  per  cent,  discount. 


S  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW   S 


New  York,  Nov.  2 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  continue  to  show  a  good  volume  j 
of  current  business,  but  very  little  in 
the  way  of  orders  or  contracts  running 
far  ahead.  It  is  still  a  waiting  market 
so  far  as  business  for  next  year  is  con- 
cerned. 

In  pig  iron  there  have  been  more  sales 
of  foundry,  some  of  fair  size,  both  in 
seaboard  territory  and  in  the  Central  . 
West.  Some  basic  has  been  sold  also. 
Foundry  iron  is  in  stronger  position  than 
basic  or  bessemer.  as  accumulated  stocks 
are  believed  to  be  less.  Moreover  foun- 
dry yards  are  generally  very  low  in 
stocks,  but  the  policy  seems  to  be  still 
to  limit  orders  to  present  requirements. 
Makers  are  beginning  to  give  way  and 
many  are  willing  to  take  current  prices 
on  first-quarter  deliveries,  though  they 
hesitate  to  go  beyond   that. 

In  finished  inaterial  there  has  been 
some  business  in  plates  and  bars;  some 
large  and  a  number  of  small  orders  for 


Nov^mbei    5. 


1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


935 


structural  steel.  Some  orders  for  steel 
cars  are  noted,  with  inquiries  for  more. 
Business  in  pipe  is  good  also.  Jobbing 
trnde  in  bars,  pipe  and  other  small  mater- 
ial  is  good. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore — Everything 
points  to  a  light  November  movement  of 
iron  ore  from  Lake  Superior,  A  consid- 
erable part  of  the  Lake  fieet  is  already 
laid  up,  and  the  movement  from  mines 
to  the  shipping  docks  is  reported  light. 
Many  mines  are  closing  down  and  pre- 
paring for  winter,  this  being  especially 
the  case  with  the  open-pit  mines.  Some 
of  the  mines  still  working  are  putting 
their  ore  into  stock  piles.  It  is  under- 
stood, however,  that  the  usual  amount  of 
prospecting  and  development  work  will 
be  carried  on  during  the  winter. 

Baltimore 
Oct.  31 — Exports  for  the  week  includ- 
ed 681,500  lb.  spelter  and  3,425,200  lb. 
steel  billets  to  Liverpool.  Imports  in- 
cluded 635  tons  ferromanganese  from 
Antwerp;  250  tons  silicospiegel  from 
Middlesboro,  England;  6600  tons  iron  ore 
from  Bombay,  India;  20,600  tons  iron 
ore   from  Cuba. 

Birmingham 

Nov.  1 — While  the  pig-iron  market  is 
still  quiet  there  is  a  better  feeling  pre- 
vailing by  reason  of  the  fact  that  a  num- 
ber of  orders  for  iron  are  being  handled. 
mostly  for  immediate  delivery,  and  a 
strong  inquiry  is  coming  in  for  the  fu- 
ture. Prices  have  stiffened  in  the  last 
few  days  to  SI  1.50  per  ton  No.  2  foundry. 
The  manufacturers  say  there  is  no  more 
Sll  iron  to  be  obtained,  the  lowest  price 
now  heard  of  being  SI  1.25,  and  that  is 
for  delivery  within  the  fortnight.  There 
is  no  iron  selling  for  the  first  quarter 
of   1911    under  SI  1.50  per  ton. 

Accumulated  stocks  of  iron  in  South- 
ern territory  will  not  show  much  reduc- 
tion when  an  inventory  is  taken.  There 
was  a  considerable  amount  of  iron  to  go 
to  the  yards  during  the  last  week  of 
October.  The  railroads  are  giving  good 
service  in  handling  pig  iron  so  that 
ronsumers  who  are  buying  for  immedi- 
ite  needs  can  be  accommodated.  A 
prominent  furnace  master,  in  speaking 
)f  conditions,  states  that  it  is  positively 
vnown  that  the  consumers  have  not  yet 
)repared  for  actual  needs  next  year  and 
hat  with  the  least  improvement  there 
^ill  be  need  for  a  large  amount  of  iron. 

There  is  still  some  activity  in  steel  and 
he  plant  of  the  Tennessee  company,  at 
'.nsley,   keeps   in   operation. 

Charcoal  iron  holds  its  price  at  S22 
■er  ton,  but  there   is  no  big  demand. 

Chicago 

Nov.  1 — There  is  very  little  change  in 
le  iron  market,  and  melters  seem  to  be 
dhering  to  their  policy  of  buying  for 
nmediate  needs.  Some  business,  how- 
ver,  is  being  done  for  first  quarter,  and 


plenty  of  inquiries  for  tirst-half  business 
are  coming.  The  volume  of  small  orders 
is  large,  and  seems  to  be  mounting  up. 
There  is  no  change  in  prices,  which 
remain  as  last  week  on  No.  2  foundry, 
Sll'i/ 11.50,  Birmingham,  or  S15.356( 
15.85,  Chicago,  for  Southern,  and  S16^(( 
16.50  for  Northern.  For  first-half  deliv- 
eries 25  f(i  50c.  over  these  quotations  is 
demanded. 

Iron  and  steel  products  are  selling  ?. 
little  better  and  the  market  remains  firm. 
Coke  is  fairly  active,  in  good  supply,  and 
tirm   at  S4.90   for  the   best  Connellsville. 

Cleveland 

Oct.  31  —  Iron  ore  movement  is  gradu- 
ally slowing  off.  and  the  October  total 
is  expected  to  be  light. 

Pig  Iron — Local  business  is  confined 
to  small  orders,  but  there  are  some  in- 
quiries from  outside,  especially  for  basic 
pig.  Quotations  continue  for  Cleveland 
delivery  at  S15.65r(/  15.00  for  bessemer; 
314^^(14.25  for  No.  2  foundry;  S13.75rr( 
14  for  gray  forge;  .SIS'.!  18.50  for  Lake 
Superior   charcoal. 

Finished  Material — The  business  this 
week  is  summed  up  in  some  good  orders 
for  bars,  a  few  bridge  orders,  and  soine 
fair  sales  of  spikes  and  other  track  ma- 
terial. Inquiries  are  in  for  some  structur- 
al steel  and  for  plates,  but  no  contracts 
closed. 


Philadelphia 

Nov.  2 — The  pivot  around  which  a 
great  deal  of  business  hangs  fire  is  price. 
The  bulk  of  this  business  relates  to  for- 
ward delivery,  some  of  it  covering  the 
first  three  months  and  some  the  second 
quarter.  Pig-iron  consumers  here  and 
elsewhere  know  that  a  resumption  of  or- 
dering by  railroads  on  a  large  scale  would 
affect  quotations  of  pig  iron  except  in 
those  cases  where  options  are  out.  Pig- 
iron  buyers  are,  therefore,  more  on  the 
alert  on  account  of  this  possible  railroad 
buying  movement,  especially  the  large 
users  of  foundry  and  basic  pig.  The  only 
indication  of  renewed  interest  this  week 
is  shown  in  inquiries  and  some  proposi- 
tions to  buy  iron  for  next  quarter's  de- 
livery. Makers  of  iron  show  a  deterinina- 
tion  to  hold  on  and  no  concessions  were 
offered  though  there  are  rumors  that  can- 
not be  traced  up  that  some  Pennsylvania 
furnaces  have  cut  prices  on  No.  2  foun- 
dry. Quotations  for  No.  2  X,  S16;  basic, 
S15;  forge.  S14.50  per  ton. 

Steel  Billets — Deliveries  on  old  orders 
are  being  made  and  new  business  is  tri- 
fling in  forging  billets. 

Bars — Bars  arc  dull  in  both  common 
and  refined.  Jobbers  and  storekeepers  are 
fully  supplied. 

Sheets — Supplies  of  sheet  among  the 
distributers  are  rather  large  for  the  sea- 
",on  and  the  mills  report  a  slack  week  in 
oiders.  While  card  rates  are  maintained 
shadings  could  probably  be  had. 


Pipes  and  Tubes — Merchant  pipe  is  flat, 
with  scarcely  any  sales.  Cast-pipe  foun- 
dries are  running  to  capacity  although 
two  or  three  are  in  sight  of  the  end  of 
some  big  contracts. 

Plates — So  far  as  new  business  goes 
the  orders  are  insignificant  and  some  ne- 
gotiations opened  a  month  ago  in  a  ten- 
tative way  have  terminated  with  no  pros- 
pects for  business.  Moderate  sales  of  ma- 
rine steel  and  tank  are  reported  fre- 
quently. 

Structural  Material — The  only  orders 
reported  are  for  100-ton  lots  and  less  for 
this  territory  and  in  New  England. 

Scrap — After  a  little  activity  in  scrap, 
dealers  report  a  dull  week  in  all  lines 
with  more  scrap  offering  than  can  find 
ready  market. 

Pittsburg 

Nov.  1 — The  placing  of  orders  by  the 
Delaware  &  Lackawanna  for  1000  all- 
sttel  and  steel  underframed  cars,  and  re- 
ports that  the  Pennsylvania  system  is 
about  to  place  some  extensive  car  orders, 
as  well  as  its  order  for  rails  for  next  sea- 
son, are  giving  rise  to  an  impression  that 
the  railroads  may  not  entirely  defer  pur- 
chases until  after  the  question  of  freight- 
rate  advances  has  been  adjudged  by  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  The 
steel  trade  had  not  been  expecting  any 
railroad  purchases  until  February,  the 
commission  having  suspended  rate  ad- 
vances until  Feb.  1,  but  was  looking  for 
a  large  accumulation  of  business  to  be  let 
out  at  that  time.  It  is  suggested  that 
some  of  the  railroads  may  realize  that 
there  would  be  danger  of  a  congestion 
then  and  may  buy  earlier,  particularly 
since  they  ought  to  be  able  to  buy  at  very 
attractive  prices  at  this  time  as  the  steel- 
car  companies  in  particular  have  scarcely 
anything  to  do.  One  leading  interest  is 
understood  to  have  enough  business  to 
run  it  at  half  capacity  into  February, 
while  practically  all  the  others  have  no 
freight-car  business  on  books  w'orth  men- 
tioning. 

Business  in  wire  nails  and  sheets  con- 
tinues good,  and  very  close  to  mill  ca- 
pacity, while  in  the  heavy  lines  business 
continues  light  and  as  old  orders  play  out 
mills  are  running  at  a  slower  gait.  On 
account  of  the  close  of  the  canning  sea- 
son and  orders  being  slow  because  last 
winter's  price  is  maintained,  tinplate  pro- 
duction is  being  reduced.  Reports  are  that 
the  American  Sheet  &  Tin  Plate  Company 
is  this  week  closing  eight  mills  at  Martins 
Ferry,  16  at  New  Kensington,  10  at  South 
Sharon  and  30  at  New  Castle,  a  total  of 
66  of  the  210  tin  mills  it  has  been  oper- 
ating, with  a  few  more  to  close  later. 
Production  so  far  this  year  has  been  ex- 
tiemely  heavy  and  reduced  production  in 
the  closing  months  would  not  be  abnor- 
rral. 

Pig  Iron — The  Untrn  Steel  Casting 
Company  has  bought  '500  tons  of  besse- 


936 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


mer  iron  for  equal  deliveries  over  the 
first  half  of  next  year  at  the  prevailing 
price  of  SIS,  Valley,  or  $15.90,  delivered 
Pittsburg.  Thus  in  bessemer  there  is  no 
premium  on  forward  delivery,  and  on 
other  grades  the  tendency  to  premiums  is 
decreasing,  foundry  iron  commanding  not 
over  25c.  premium  for  first  quarter.  Re- 
ports are  being  circulated  that  sellers 
have  refused  bids  of  $13,  Valley,  for 
basic  iron  and  that  the  market  has  ad- 
vanced to  $13.25  or  higher,  but  investiga- 
tion indicates  that  the  bids  came  from 
middlemen,  to  whom  the  furnaces  do  not 
care  to  sell,  and  that  basic  iron  can  still 
be  had,  for  early  delivery,  at  $13,  Valley. 
Foundry  iron  has  sold  at  $13.75,  Valley 
furnace,  for  fourth  quarter,  and  at  $14.50, 
delivered  Pittsburg,  by  a  furnace  having 
an  85c.  rate,  this  being  to  meet  a  similar 
delivered  price  made  by  a  furnace  having 
a  75c.  rate  to  Pittsburg,  the  Valley  rate 
being  90c.  The  market  is  fairly  quot- 
able at  SI3.75(«  14,  Valley,  or  $14.65f.( 
14.90,  Pittsburg,  for  prompt  delivery  or 
deliveries  running  just  into  the  new  year. 
Malleable  is  quotable  at  $13.50,  Valley. 

The  bessemer  and  basic  pig-iron  aver- 
ages for  October  were  $15  and  313.15, 
respectively,  Valley  furnaces,  represent- 
ing declines  from  September  of  2c.  in 
bessemer  and  68c.  in  basic.  The  high 
points  within  a  year  were  $19  for  besse- 
mer, in  November,  December  and  Janu- 
ary, and  S17.48  for  basic,  in  November. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  is  slight- 
ly firmer,  and  prompt  can  be  quoted  at 
$38.75,  Baltimore,  against  $38.50  hitherto. 
A  sale  of  about  1000  tons  for  first  half 
■  has  been  made  at  $39,  Baltimore,  which 
can  be  quoted  as  the  market  for  forward 
deliveries. 

Steel — The  market  has  been  quiet  and 
by  no  means  firm,  as  some  offerings  are 
reported  at  slightly  below  last  week's  re- 
duced quotations.  In  the  absence  of  any 
definite  business  those  quotations  are  re- 
peated: Bessemer  billets,  $23.50;  sheet 
bars,  $24.50r(/25;  open-hearth  billets, 
S24.50(r(25;  sheet  bars,  $25(((  25.50;  rods, 
$28.50(§29  per  ton,  Pittsburg. 


1909. 

Exports 3,192,304 

Imports 897,180 


2S  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE  S 


British  Foreign  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  iron  and  of  machinery  in  Great 
Britain,  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30,  are 
valued  by  the  Board  of  Trade  returns  as 
below: 

E.iport8.     Imports.         Exc'(>s8. 
Iron  nnd  steel  £;i2,3i;),057  £  U,6S4,0(!4  Ex.  £2.'j,(i58,993 
Cullor.v    a  II  (1 


!mrflwar«  . 
Maohlnory .. 
Now  Hhlps... 

Total 

Totna,  1909 


()18,iJ44  Ex.  3,121,503 
3,S43.;)(I2  Ex.  i8,191,2ir. 
Ex.      7,670,001 


4,040,047 

21.634..517 

.       7.575,001 

,  £(^.402,082  £10,91fi.91O  Ex.  £S4,54fi,772 
.     07.481.501      10,207,290  Ex.     47,274,205 

Increase  in  exports  this  year  £7,981,121, 
or  13.9  per  cent.;  Increase  in  imports, 
£708,614,  or  6.9  per  cent.  The  total  quan- 
tities of  iron  and  steel  were,  in  long  tons: 


1910.  Changes. 
3,564,033  I.  362,329 
1,022,842      I.    125,662 


The  imports  were  largely  of  crude  or 
semi-finished  material,  as  pig  iron,  billets 
nnd  blooms. 

British  Iron  Ore  Imports — Imports  of 
iron  ore  into  Great  Britain,  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  were  4,572,874  tons  in 
1909,  and  5,322,245  in  1910;  an  increase 
of  749,371  tons.  Of  the  imports  this  year 
3,650,213  tons  were  from  Spain. 

German  Iron  Production — The  German 
Iron  and  Steel  Union  reports  the  make  of 
pig  iron  in  Germany  in  September  at 
1,232,477  metric  tons,  or  30,327  tons  less 
than  in  August.  For  the  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30  the  production  was,  in 
metric  tons: 


1909.  1910. 

1.804.190  2.149,237 

504,503  480,853 

810,818  1.001,281 

307.435  362,734 

Thomaa(haslc)liiB    fi.082,091  6,925,524 

Total 


Foundry  iron  . 

Forge  iron 

Steel  pig 

Bessemer  pig.. 


Clianges. 
I.  345,047 
D.  17,0.50 
I.  190,463 
I.  65,299 
I.      843,433 


...    9,509,037     10.925,029      1.1,410,592 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  14.9 
per  cent.  Steel  pig  includes  spiegeleisen, 
ferromanganese,  ferrosilicon  and  all  simi- 
lar alloys. 


[ill  METAL-  MARKETS  \\^ 


New  York,  Nov.  2 — The  metal  markets 
have  been  comparatively  quiet  on  moat 
lines.  Price  movements  have  been  ir- 
regular, but  generally  show  an  upward 
tendency. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


fXITUll     STATES     GOLD     AND     SII-VEfi     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gkjld: 

Sept.  1910.. 

■■      1909.. 
Year  1910.. 

■•     1909.. 

$1,822,476 

7.540,442 

,55.318.081 

97,272,834 

$  3,481,718 
2.3,51, l!>8 
46.971,.504 
31,106,393 

Imp.$  1.0,59,242 

Exp.      6.195,284 

9.340,577 

60.167,441 

Silver ; 
Sept.  1910.. 

"      1909.. 
Year  1910.. 

"      1909.. 

4,830,346 

4,385,.532 

41.704.743 

43,289,116 

3,152,117 
3,201,397 
32.967,887 
33,240,530 

Exp.      1,078,229 

1,124.135 

8,790,856 

■■       10,048,686 

fluctuations   for  a   time   at   least,  will   be 
within  a  small   compass. 

Sir.VEK    AND    .STBIILING    EXCHANGE 


27         28         29         31 


New  York 

London  . 
Sterling  Ex. 


56X 

25% 

4.8660 


55 
4.8025 


65  ?i 

20{,; 

4.8015 


60 

25{ 

4.8610 


5fi 

25! 

4.8590 


.56 

25i; 

4.8586 


New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troYi 
fine  silver  :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver.  0.025   line. 


Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  Jan.  1  to  Oct.       : 


India. . , 
China  . 
Straits., 


£5,108.600 

l.,555,200 

82,800 


1910. 
£5.517,000  I, 
1,133,600  D. 
D. 


Changes. 
£    348,400 
421.700 
82.800 


£6,806,600      £6,650.500    D.    £    156,100 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tin, 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

,d 

0*   . 
^£1 

^ 

MO 

a 

MO 

> 
o 

(.. 

^, 

X  S 

ID'-' 

■3S 

£0. 

M 

ii  0, 

c, 

2 
0 

ft 

li 
i50 

»2 
000 

|2 

.  9) 

So 

12 'j 

12.00 

4.25 

5.82, 

5.67} 

2V 

rsi2j. 

©12.70 

36Ji 

4.40 

©4.30 

©5,85 

©5.70 

IVi 

12.60 

4.25 

5, 82  J 

6.r.7J 

28 

012% 

©12.70 

36>,i 

4.40 

©4.30 

©5.85 

©5.70 

12'.; 

12.60 

4.25 

5  82  V 

5. 67  J 

29 

ffll2'4 

©12 .  70 

36>i 

4.40 

©4.30 

©5. 85 

©5.70 

12 '4 

12,65 

4,25 

5  82 1 

5.CT» 

31 

mvi 

©12,70 

36?i 

4.40 

©4.30 

©5. 87  J 

©5.72i 

vm 

12.65 

4.25 

•  5.85 

5.70 

1 

®12Ji 

©12,70 

36  J^ 

4.40 

©1.30 

©5.90 

ffli,76 

12?i 

12.05 

4.25 

5, 87  J 

6,72! 

2 

©12% 

©12  70 

36Ji 

4,40 

©4,30 

©5.90 

©5,75 

The  New  Yorli  quotations  for  electrol.vtic 
copper  are  for  cakes,  ingots  and  wlrebars, 
and  represent  the  bulk  of  the  transactions 
made  with  consumers,  liasis  New  York.  cash. 
The  prices  of  caslins  copper  and  of  electrolytic 
cathodes  are  usually  (l,12."ic.  below  that  of 
electrolytic.  The  quotations  for  lead  i-epre- 
sent  wholesale  transactions  in  llie  open  mnr- 
ket.  The  quotations  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  Westei-n  brands ;  special  brands 
commaiid    a   premium. 


LONDON 


Exports  from  the- port  of  New  Y'ork.  week 
ended  Oct.  2!t  ;  Gold.  $12S.7oo.  chiefly  to 
I'anama  :  silver,  .$600,118.  to  London  and 
I'nris.  Imports:  Gold,  .flUT.OlS.  from  .lapan. 
Central  and  South  .\merica  :  silver.  $120,447, 
from    Mexico   and    South    America. 


Gold — Prices  of  gold  on  the  open  mar- 
ket in  London  were  unchanged  at  77s. 
9d.  per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz. 
for  American  coin.  The  Bank  of  Eng- 
land took  most  of  the  supplies  arriving. 
In  New  York  some  gold  was  taken  for 
Canada. 

Platinum — Demand  continues  strong, 
and  advices  from  abroad  sliow  a  rising 
tendency  there.  Prices  have  again  ad- 
vanced and  dealers  ask  $38.75 f'/ 39.25 
per  oz.  for  refined  platinum;  .$44(5  44.50 
per  oz.  for  hard  metal. 

Silver — Silver  is  quiet  but  steady. 
From   present   appearances   the   range   of 


29 

31 

1 

2 


Copper. 


Spot. 


6GU 
5CJJ 


57 

67% 
67Ji 


SMos 


57  V 
57 'i 


68A 

58Ji 
B85j 


Best 
Sertd 


GOJi 
01 


61 
61 
01 


Tin. 


Spot. 


160 
lOBJi 


107  M 
169% 


Lead, 

"|Si>an- 
ish. 


Zinc, 

Ordi- 
naries, 


166- 
166'K 


letH 

167K 
168,H 


13A 
13A 


13« 

"A 


The  above  table  gives  the  closing  quota- 
tions on  London  Melal  Exchange.  All  prices 
are  In  pounds  slerlliTg  per  ton  of  2240  lli 
Copper  iiuolMllous  an>  lor  slandard  ci>pp<'i', 
spot  and  Ibrei-  nioulhs  .and  for  best  se- 
lei'led.  price-  for  Ihe  laller  bcln;.;  sub.iect  to  •' 
per  cent,  discount.  For  couvcnlrncc  In  cmn 
parlscui  of  London  prices  In  pounds  sierlmt 
per  2240  lb.,  wllli  .\inerlcan  prices  In  cents 
per  pound  the  fidlowiug  approximate  ratios 
are  given  ;  tlo  =  2.17  'ic.  :  JEli  =  2.«lc, : 
£23  =  5c.  ;    £00  =  i:!.04c.   ±  £1  =    +   0.21%c, 


November  5,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


937 


Copper — During  the  week  of  Oct.  27- 
Nov.  2  the  market  was  quiet,  but  firm. 
The  business  was  irregular,  with  substan- 
tial transactions  one  day  and  but  little  on 
another.  The  aggregate  was  probably  in 
the  neighborhood  of  20,000,000  lb.,  chiefly 
electrolytic.  Business  in  Lake  copper  was 
very  dull.  •  Some  small  sales  were  re- 
ported at  fancy  prices,  but  prime  brands 
of  the  metal  are  still  obtainable  from 
first  hands  at  12",sc.,  usual  terms.  The 
business  in  electrolytic  copper  was  chieRy 
for  foreign  delivery,  domestic  manufact- 
urers having  been  conspicuously  inert  in 
the  market,  and  chiefly  for  November- 
December  shipments,  with  some  contracts 
for  January.  All  of  the  agencies  are 
offering  at  12"sC.,  delivered  abroad  or  at 
home,  usual  terms,  corresponding  to 
about  12.70,  cash.  New  York,  and  this 
price  has  been  shaded  on  business  ef- 
fected. The  largest  interest  came  out 
with  a  price  of  12^sc.,  delivered,  for  Jan- 
ii;;ry  shipment.  The  market  closes  firm 
at  \2-}^(<j  \2'^c.  for  Lake  and  \2.65(<t 
12.70c.  for  electrolytic  in  cakes,  ingots 
and  wirebars.  Casting  copper  is  quoted 
nominally  at  12;^rr7  12;/.c.  as  the  average 
for  the  week. 

Copper  sheets  arc  18.'.;  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  chaigea,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  standard  market  in  London  has  ad- 
vanced over  £1.  There  is  decidedly  more 
confidence  shown,  and  there  is  again  a 
disposition  to  buy  warrants  for  the  bull 
account.  Spot  closes  at  £57  15s.  and 
three  months  at  £58  15s.  per  ton. 

Statistics  for  the  second  half  of  October 
show  a  decrease  of  3740  tons. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  7521  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  exports  from 
Baltimore   for  the  week  at  3604  tons. 

In  its  fiscal  year  ended  Sept.  30,  1910, 
Nevada  Consolidated  sold  62,772,342  lb. 
of  copper  at  average  of  12.75c.  per  lb. 
Our  quotational  average  for  the  same 
period  was   12.84  cents. 

The  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  has  made  a  10-year  contract 
with  the  Tennessee  Copper  Company  for 
the  sale  of  the  latter's  copper,  which 
heretofore  has  been  sold  by  the  United 
Metals  Selling  Company. 

Tin —The  perfect  control  exercised  by 
the  bull  party  in  the  London  tin  market 
*as  clearly  demonstrated  last  week,  when 
n  face  of  an  announcement  of  the  shut- 
ting down  of  a  large  percentage  of  the 
inplate  mills  of  the  American  Sheet  and 
Tin  Plate  Company,  prices  in  London  ad- 
vanced. In  this  market  the  news  had  the 
;ITect  of  stopping  purchases  entirely  and 
spot  and  near-by  tin,  of  which  there  is  a 
Jientiful  supply,  was  offered  below  the 
mportation  point,  without  finding  buyers. 
I^hen,  at  the  beginning  of  this  week,  it 
secame  apparent,  however,  that  the  Lon- 
lon    bull    interests    persisted    in     their 


campaign  for  a  higher  market,  more  in- 
terest was  shown  by  dealers  and  con- 
sumers here,  and  prices  advanced  ac- 
cordingly. 

The  London  market  closes  strong  at 
£168  7s.  6d.  for  spot  and  £168  12s.  6d. 
for  three  months,  while  November  tin  in 
this  market  is  offered  at  about  36>4 
cents. 

Statistics  for  the  month  of  October 
show  a  decrease  of  2200  tons. 

Lead — The  market  is  unchanged  at 
4.40c.  New  York  and  4.25ft/ 4.30c.  St. 
Louis. 

The  activity  abroad  continues  and  the 
market  is  firm  at  £13  3s.  9d.  for  Spanish 
and  £13  6s.  3d.  for  English   lead. 

Spelter — A  continuance  of  good  de- 
mand, resulting  in  some  important  trans- 
actions, has  led  to  a  further  advance  in 
the  price.  There  are  some  indications 
of  a  widening  in  the  margin  between 
ore  and  spelter,  which  will,  of  course, 
be  to  the  advantage  of  the  smelters. 
Among  the  latter  some  continue  to  oe 
steady  sellers,  while  others  maintain  the 
policy  of  observation.  At  the  close  the 
metal  is  quoted  at  5.72' jfT;  5.75c.,  St. 
Louis,  and  5.87 ,'-<ra  5.90c.,  New  York. 

The  European  market  for  spelter  con- 
tinues strong  and  advancing,  and  metal 
for  early  delivery  is  scarce.  The  Lon- 
don quotation  for  good  ordinaries  has 
r'sen  to  £24  2s.  6d.,  and  specials  £24  7s. 
6d.    per   ton. 

Zinc  dust  is  quoted  at  6f8C.  per  pound. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.75  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 


Other  Metals 
Aluminum — The  market  is  a  little  firm- 
er this  week  and  prices  are  a  shade  bet- 
ter, 22c.  per  lb.  being  quoted  for  No.   1 
ingots.  New  York. 

Antimony — Business  is  still  light,  and 
prices  are  lower.  Cookson's  is  now 
quoted  at  SOiS'/nc.  per  lb.;  while  7H'''' 
7'.c.  is  asked  for  U.  S.,  and  7;'g(f7  7>^c. 
for   outside   brands. 

Quickxilver — Business  is  fair,  but  the 
market  is  a  little  easier  and  prices  are 
off  a  shade.  New  York  quotations  are 
S45  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  lots, 
$46(i/47  for  jobbing  orders.  San  Fran- 
cisco, $45  for  domestic  orders  and  $2 
less  for  export.  The  London  price  is  £8 
7s.  6d.,  but  second  hands  sell  at  £8  per 
flask. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
fi(70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Ma)^nesium~T\\e  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 
Platteville,   Wis.,  Oct.  29— The  highest 
price   paid   this  week   for  zinc   ore   was 
$44.50;   the   base   price  of  60  per  cent. 


zinc  was  S44(f?44.50.    The  base  price  paid 
for  80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  S52  per  ton. 

SlIII-MENTS.  WEEK  EXDEP  OCT.  2!). 


Camps. 


Zinc 
oro,  lb. 
Mlnoial  Point I,4',ll,4'.l0 

piatti'viiip k:<i.(>(io 

HiKliI'llKl r)ll7,(.00 

Haikdr 4-2K,.')90 

Gal.'lia 4II2,8(W 

UcMlti.n 3'J'2.090 

Cuba  City ir,H.(l7() 


Load    Sulphur 
ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 


503.000 
'  70,080 


(■i.".,',IOO 


-(O.lillO        573.0KO 
;27.->,'.W4  2-2.217,.iOO 


SUuUsburg 

Total 4.-20i),340 

Tear  to  date..., yi. ■298.1154 

Shipped  during  the  week  to  the  sepa- 
rating plants,  2,657,035  lb.  zinc  concen- 
trates. 


JopUn,  Mo.,  Oct.  29 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week  was 
$48,  the  base  being  $43('<(  46  per  ton  of  60 
per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silicate  sold  on 
a  base  of  S22r((26  per  ton  of  40  per  cent, 
zinc.  The  average  price  all  grades  of 
zinc  ore  was  $41.24.  The  highest  price 
paid  for  lead  ore  was  $53  per  ton  and 
the  average  price  all  grades  was  $52.84 
per  ton. 

The  zinc-ore  market  was  stronger  this 
week  than  at  any  time  since  last  March, 
and  a  big  tonnage  of  ore  was  purchased 
that  was  not  loaded,  part  of  it .  on  ac- 
count of  a  shortage  of  cars  and  more 
because   it   was   bought   too   late   in   the 

SHIPMENTS,  WEEK  ENDED  OCX.  29. 


Zliir.  lb.  Lpad  lb.     Value 


WobH  Clty-Cartervllle 

Joplln 

Galena 

Alba-Neck 

Onmnpo 

Duenweg 

Gran by  

liadRer 

spurRoon 

Avirora 

Qiiapaw 

tvllaiui 

Carthase 

Carl  Junction 

Stolt  City 

Sarcoxle 

Cave  Springs 

Senoca 

Greenfleld 


Totals  . 


4,<U)4,<I0(I 

■2,3'.ii;.' 

94r..7'2u 
W  1.400 
317,-2H0 
513,030 
331,r,30 
29IJ.W!0 
42ll.0'20 
354,840 
■239,070 
310.880 
11U,170 
134,090 
00,100 
105,-2li0 
6'2.370 
(V2,.'>90 
50,580 


12,204.540 


87.'>,i;hO 

2V.  ,990 
O.^WO 


Ilk  ,260 
«1 ,3»0 
44,100 
700 
24,770 


33,000 


3,090 
30,320 


1,501.810 


$122,190 

69,034 

20,774 

19,772 

11,921 

11,803 

0,700 

6.126 

6,921 

6.651 

6,039 

4,436 

3,626 

3,108 

2,209 

1,803 

l.f25 

(125 

■     605 


$298,968 


10  mimths 492,009,480  71,113,470  $ll..ViO,C06 

Zinc  value,  the  week,  $257,691 ;       1(1  nios.,  $9,708,460 
Lead  value,  the  week,      41,277;       10  mos.,    1,842,156 

MONTHLY   .WEU.SCE   ritlCES. 


Month. 


January 

l-'ebruarj-... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Allj^USt 

Bepterabor . 

October : 

Noveniher.. 
December. . 


Tear. 


Baso  Prtoo.     All  0ri)8, 


1909.     1910.     1909.     1910.     1909.     1910. 


$(1.25 
30.94 
37.40 
38.6:) 
40.06 
44.15 
43.  (X! 
48  2.? 
47. 70 
49. 50 
6i.31 
49.45 

$43.98 


$47.31 
4(1.69 
43.6(1 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39.03 
40.13 
43.45 

43.  in 


Lead  Obe. 


All  Ores. 


46$45. 

37  39. 
7l|  39. 
01    39. 


$41.20 


I«l$62. 
60. 
60. 
65. 
56 
67. 
63. 
57. 
60. 
65 
63 
65 


$54.60 


$50.99 
63.64 
61,26 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48., 59 
49.75 
S4.73 
63.18 


Note — Inder  -/.Inc  ore  the  Ihst  two  col- 
umns pive  liase  prices  for  (JO  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  :  the  seciind  two  the  n\*ernKe  for  nil  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  nverace  for 
nil    (U-es   sold. 


'j:8 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


week  to  be  loaded.  The  shipment  for  the 
ten  months  of  this  year  is  a  decrease  of 
3612  tons  of  zinc  ore  and  1594  tons  of 
lead  ore  and  a  decrease  in  value  of  S453,- 
201   from  last  year. 


Other  Ore  Markets 

Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Superior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
are:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent. 
iron  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
ton  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  for  Mesabi; 
nonbessemer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
S4.20  for  Old  Range  and  S4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization  of 
sellers,  and  a  wire  range  of  prices  ex- 
ists, according  to  quantity  and  location 
of  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
around  50  to  55  per  cent,  iron,  can  be 
had  at  53(5/3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
but  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

The  use  of  foreign  iron  ore  in  the 
United  States  may  be  limited  by  the  in- 
crease in  ocean  freights  which  has  taken 
place  this  year.  On  Spanish  ore  ths 
freight  is  now  about  50c.  per  ton  higher 
than  it  was  a  year  ago.  This  will  not 
affect  existing  contracts,  but  may  make 
a  considerable  difference  on  contracts  for 
next  year.  Prices  of  Spanish  ore  at  mines 
have  also  been  advanced,  owing  to  the 
larger  demand  from  Great  Britain  and 
Germany. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  $6.50 fV/ 7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For  scheel- 
its  ores,  50c. Oi  1.50  per  unit   less. 

Pyrites — Domestic  pyrites  are  quoted 
at  ll'<(<i\2c.  per  unit  of  sulphur  at 
mines  for  furnace  sizes.  Spanish  pyrites, 
furnace  sizes,  are  12rr/  12K.C.  per  unit, 
ex-ship.  Arsenical  pyrites  are  from  'jOr 
I'ic.  per  unit   less. 

Zinc  Ores — For  Rocky  mountain  blende 
of  good  quality,  especially  as  to  iron  and 
lead  contents,  the  current  price  is  for 
the  zinc  content,  less  8  units,  at  the  St. 
Louis  price  of  spelter;  with  a  deduction 
of  S14r<(  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also 
.loplin    and    Wisconsin   ore   markets 


CHEM  ICALS 


I 


Arsenic — There  is  no  change  in  the 
market,  and  quotations  remain  S2.25f(/ 
2.50  per   100  lb.   for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — A  slightly  improved 
trade  in  this  article  is  reported  and  quo- 
tations are  held  rather  firmly;  2.12' jc. 
per  lb.  being  asked  for  spot  and  2.15c. 
for   futures. 

Potasli  Salts — Reports  from  Washing- 
ton are  that  the  negotiations  with  Ger- 
many on  the  potash-salts  question  are 
making  no  progress,  and  that  there  seems 
to  be  much  difficulty  in  reaching  any 
agreement. 


New  York,  Nov.  2— The  general  mar- 
ket has  not  been  active,  and  business  has 
continued  on  a  moderate  basis. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  continues 
fair,  with  prices  unchanged  at  S4  per 
100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and  $4.25  per 
100    lb.    for   smaller   parcels. 


Petrole 


San  Francisco,  Oct.  28 — The  arrange- 
ment entered  into  between  the  Associated 
Oil  Company  and  the  Union-Agency 
to  combine  their  marketing  energies  on 
a  mutual  basis,  has  had  the  effect  of 
bringing  up  California  oil  prices  from 
60  to  85c.  at  bay  points.  The  Agency 
has  issued  its  storage  oil  certificates 
guaranteeing  a  minimum  price  of  35c. 
per  bbl.  at  the  wells,  and  this  has  further 
strengthened  t'.-e  market.  Th:  surplus 
oil  now  stored  in  the  State  is  23,400,000 
bbl.  for  the  San  Joaquin  valley  fields; 
900,000  for  the  coast  field  and  981,500 
for  the  southern  fields,  a  total  of  28,281.- 
500  bbl.  Over  half  of  this  is  Standard 
Oil  storage. 


Cement 


The  retirement  of  J.  Rogers  Maxwell 
from  the  presidency  of  the  Atlas  Port- 
land Cement  Company,  and  the  election 
in  his  place  of  John  R.  Morron,  are 
generally  understood  to  be  the  result  of 
a  transfer  of  large  interests  in  the  Atlas 
company  to  J.  P.  Morgan  and  associates. 
It  is  also  generally  understood  that  the 
change  means  some  agreement  between 
the  Atlas  and  the  Universal  Portland 
Cement  Company,  which  is  a  subsidiary 
of  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation, 
and  is  the  largest  producer  of  cement  in 
the  country,  next  to  the  Atlas.  The  ob- 
ject is  10  bring  about  soTie  arrangement 
as  to  regulating  production  and  main- 
taining prices,  which  have  suffered  from 
competition  and  overproduction.  An 
agreement  was  made  two  years  ago  to 
maintain  a  minimum  price  of  85c.  per 
barrel,  but  this  has  not  been  observed, 
and  it  is  said  that  sales  have  been  made 
as  low  as  40c.  The  Atlas  company  has 
the  contract  for  furnishing  cement  for  the 
Panama  Canal;  it  controls  nearly  one- 
third  of  the  cement  production  of  the 
country. 


'l^ll  MINING -stocks] [S 


New  York,  Nov.  2 — The  general  stock 
markets  have  been  rather  reactionary  dur- 
ing the  week,  closing  uncertain  and 
rather  heavy.  It  has  been  a  traders' 
market,  with  little  definite  tendency.  The 
effort    of   certain    interests    to    distribute 


Llocks  on  the  recent  rise  does  not  seem 
to  have  been  very  successful. 

On  the  Curb  the  copper  stocks  have 
been  generally  irregular,  but  with  only 
fractional  changes  and  a  moderate  vol- 
ume of  business.  Cobalt  stocks  were 
quite  active.  La  Rose  being  again  the 
leader.      Other   mining    stocks    were    not 

COl'I'KI!    I'ltODfCTlOX   UHI'OUTS. 

('(ipppr   colli  Pills  <if  lilistpr  ooiijifr.    hi   iiiniiuls. 


Septem- 

Company. 

July. 

August. 

ber. 

Anaconda 

22.200.000 

Ari/.oiui.  Ltd 

•i.'.ilo.OOO 

2.0211.000 

2.072.000 

Balaklala 

1,11)0,11110 
•J.-i7-2,iiOu 

,1 ,1 

Bol.io  (Jlnxioo) 

2,030.520 

2,001  .;mo 

Copper  Queen 

8.771.735 

7,7U0.ii.51l 

0.903.759 

Calumet  ,^  Ariz 

•2.705.000 

2..i00.1RHl 

2.535,0(10 

Caiianea  (Jlesk-n). . 

4,.-i(HI,0(Kl 

3.520,IH10 

3..505.0(0 

lietroil 

l.KOd.lKIO 

2,100.l«)0 

2.128.010 

East  Butte 

025,840 

Impi'ilal 

81HI,U00 

400,000 

n  H 

Maniniolh 

Mi'CtHzuma  (5Iex.). 

1.058,037 

1.030.204 

2.211,485 

Nevada  Con 

6.8n«,4a9 

r.,0.-)2.021 

.S.lSl.'ilS 

Old  Dominion 

2.000.000 

2.003.000 

2.202.U(,U 

Shannon 

2.207.000 

1..540.000 

1.418.000 

Superior  &  PJtts.... 

2.224.H10 

2..52U,000 

2.125.0UI1 

Dtah  Coi,i,er  Ci 

8,077.000 

7.440.035 

7,077.085 

Butte  District 

23.750,000 

23.7,50  000 

Lake  Superior 

W.OUO.OOO 

18,800.000 

lO.VdO.lW) 

Total  production. 

n0.804.41t 

85.473,949 

79,B28..5n 

Imports,  bars.  etc.. 

17.714,034 

13,324.788 

Total  blister 

108,518,445 

98.798,727 

Deduct  Can.  &  Moc. 

6.468.637 

5.1,-.11,204 

Net  blister  rep. . . 

102,059  8118 
0,637,830 

93.042  523 

13.031.254 

Total 

108.697,044,100,673,777 

Buttp  fJistrict  and  Lake  Superior  li^nres  are 
estimated  :  others  are  reports  received  from 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  production  of 
I'ananea.  and  tliat  part  of  i'opper  Queeu  pro- 
duction wiuch  comes  from  Xilcozari.  Boleo 
copper  does  not  ctune  to  American  reliners. 
rtah  Popper  report  includes  the  output  of 
the  lloston  mill.  Hutte  district  production  for 
Septemlier  is  ;iiven  under  Anaconda  and  East 
r.utte. 


STATISTICS   OF  COITKII 


Month. 

United 

State.s 

Producfn. 

Deliveries. 
Domestic. 

DellverlM 

tor  Export 

XI.  1909 

121.018.309 
117,828.065 

66,867,873 
o9,519.601 

55.206,696 
59.540,670 

Year 

1.405.403,050 

705.051.691 

080.942,620 

1.1910 

II        

110,.-,47.287 
112.712.493 
120.007,407 
117.477.039 
123.242.470 
127,210.188 
118.370.003 
127.S03.018 
119.519,983 

78,1.58.387 
00.018.322 
02.844.818 
07.985.951 
59.305.222 
63,303.190 
SO.708.175 
07.731,271 
64.501,018 

81.091,672 
37.309,618 
40.586,767 
31  332.434 
45.496,400 
05.895.948 
69.407,167 
01.831,780 
75,10«,i9C 

Ill    

IV            

V     

VI 

VIII           

IX     

X 

Visible  Stocks. 

rmted 

States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

XI.  1909 

XII 

I,  1910 

II 

Ill 

153.509.020 
l.VI.003,627 
141.700.111 
98.41  ;3.339 
107,187.992 
123,824.874 
141.984.159 
100  425.973 
108,380.017 
170.040.078 
108.881 .245 
148.793.714 

222.50()  400 
230.857,000 
244.204.81KI 
248.230.800 
254. 1.50, 400 
249.025. COO 
240.870.400 
239.142.MIO 
232.892.8(HJ 
222.320.(KI0 
218.444.800 
211.270.800 
198,lir.0.HUl 

370.076,0:6 
3.S9,861,1'.(7  , 
385,970,911  ' 
340.700,liB 
301 .338,3!  a 
373.460,«14 
.388,861,M» 
399.608,378 
401.278,817 
392.9(i0,67l< 
387.326,04ft 
300,070  JlH 

IV 

V 

VI 

\'I1 

VIIl 

IX 

X                

l*'iL;iiri's  lire  in  pounds  of  line  copper.     V.  S. 
prodiicticui    Includes  all   copper  relliied   In   this 
coiiutrv.     holli     from    domestic    and    imporlpo 
mnterliil.       Visible    slocks    are    those    reporti'il 
on    the    lli'st    day    cd'   eiicli    monlli.    os   bninfrli' 
over  from   the   preceding  month. 

1 

November  5,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


939 


much    in   evidence.     The   market   closes 
rather  dull    and   heavy. 


Boston,  Nov.  1 — Matters  in  copper 
stocks  have  not  been  as  promising  as 
last  week.  There  seemed  to  be  a  weight 
on  the  market,  and  it  was  dull  and  nar- 
row. Many  stocks  lost  on  a  small  vol- 
ume of  business.  Copper  Range  dropped 
$1.50  to  S71,  while  Calumet  &  Arizona 
lost  S3.25.  North  Butte,  Utah  Copper 
and  .American  Zinc  also  recorded  some 
recessions.  Lake  subscription  rights  sold 
at  35c.  There  seemed  to  be  an  absence 
of  interest  in  the  market,  which  was 
decidedly  disappointing.  At  the  close 
there  was  a  little  brightening  up,  hut 
interest  was  still  notably  lacking. 

The  Curb  generally  was  dull  and 
heavy,  with  a  tendency  to  lower  quota- 
tions. 

\sNt>SS|l|1>|lt.S 


Corapauy. 

\  irora-Sanipscm.  Ida 

l;iu'  t'ottouwtioil  Cou.,  Utah. 
lii'iianzaMt.  Cupper,  Ida... 

'     lusa,  Ida  

llier  guni'li  M.  &  M.,  Ida 

-wii  Point.  Nov 

. '  iliuatia,  Ida 

(ii.ld  sprliiKs,  Utah 

Gray  t'Mppcr.  Ida 

Hyp"tlii'i'k,  Ida 

Ida.  B(dchiT  M.  Jc-M.,  Ida.. 

Ida.  I'.ipper  .M.  Ltd.,  Ida 

Lacledn,  Ida 

Llttli'  Mint.  Ida 

Natlnrial  ('.  M 

Powhatan  M.  O 
RHindf'fir  ('.  &  (i 

Sllvor  Mt.,  Ida 

Sprin(;Ii»ihi.  Ida 

TcnipU',  Ida 

TIntIc  <'entral.  Utah. 

Wo9t(»rn  Star,  Ida 

Wilbur  Mln.  Co.,  Ida. 


Delinq.     Sale.    I  Amt. 


.,  Ida. 
,  Ida.. 


Oct. 

Nov. 

Xov. 

O.t. 

t)ct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

N..V. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Nnv. 


N.iv. 
Nov. 
Dec. 

Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

D.'c. 

Dec. 

Nov. 
:ii;Nov. 
•22  Nov. 
ailN.iv. 
1.-)  Dec. 


Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 

Niiv.' 
Dec. 


U        t 

ao$<i  001 

IT:  nool 

10,  U.IIU-J 

l.i    o.dii:) 

4'  0  111 

s  II, mil* 

...    O.lll 

111    U.IIOl 

K     0.11117 

10  II.IIII-2* 

■22    II  iiii:i 

l."i    0.01 

;to  o.t«)3 

H'  O.OOS 

•23:  u.uui 
ll  o.iiiir> 

•2:1 1  o.iio-j 

30  I). 001" 
22  1.  (102 
...  0  no.-. 
19  0.0I1II1 

ll     • 


•oiie-hair    mill. 


sii.\  i:i! 


N'i'w  York.       L(»ndon. 

I'.HIl). 

inio. 

1!KW. 

1310. 

January 

.ll   -."ill  52  :)75 

•23  S43 

•24   154 

Fehriiai-y 

ill    472  .il.'ilMij:!  70i; 

2:1  704 

March 

.ill. 4fi8. -.1.4.14  •2;t  -227 

2:t  r.'.iii 

A|irll 

.il   4-2»  .'i:i  -221  ■2:i.7llM 

24  4M3 

May 

.5'2.'.I05  .-.;!  .S7II  -24  :(4:i 

•24 .  707 

June 

.•.•2.,i;)s  .'i:i.4r,2  ^24  ir.r. 

•24  i;.M 

July 

.il.04;t  .>4  l.'.ll-2:t..'".l'.l 

2.-I  1134 

AuKunt  

r)l.P2.T  .'.2.012  •21!. .im 

•24.4^2« 

September 

.'jl.440.i:t.20.'>  •2;t  74:l 

•24.5117 

'I'tober 

511  <n.t  55.400  •2;!.. '.112 

•2.-...5'.h; 

'.'•mber 

60.703 '23.3511 

■■•mber 

5'2.'2'2(il ri4.030 

■l-otal 



Voi-k.    con  Is    per    line 

|>'T     SllllHlniil     oiiii.-i. 


London. 


(•ii|'Im:i: 

NEW  YOBK. 

LfpUdon. 

, 

Electrolytic        Lake. 

1900. 

1010.    I'.Kiu.  ]  inio. 

1000.  '  lillo. 

January 

13.K'.I3 

13  (•.20,U.-2«0  13.«70 

r.i.ios  lai  9^23 

February.. . . 

12 .  0111 

13  :«2  13.'2y5  13.710 

57.rjwl50  388 

March 

12.3M7 

13.^2.'i5.12.X-2(i  13. .wr. 

^■..•23rri0.214 

Apr" 

12  .m;| 

12. 7;«  12.03; 

13.001 

57  3(13!.-.7  ^238 

May 

12  S'.I3 

12..V.(I  13  •2:1s 

12.HH5 

.50. 338,. -.(1.31 3 

June 

13.214 

r2.404'l3..-.4K 

12.70H 

.50.  ^^27 

.55.310 

July 

12  NXII 

12.215  13  ;)C3 

12.. -.70 

.58. 5.5c. 

.'.4 .  104 

AURUKt 

13.0(17 

12. 40(1, 13. •200 

12.715(50.393 

55.733 

September  .. 

1'2  H70 

12.370' 13.210 

12.C.0H 

69.ir21 

55. '207 

October 

r2.7llO 

12.5.->3il3.o:)0 

12 . 7HK 

57  551 

511  77^2 

November.. . 

13. 125 

13.354 

.w.on 

December. .. 
Y..ar 

13.-21)K 

13.r.47 

.50.001; 

12. '.W2 

113. :«5 

.58.732 

\"«    ^ork.  rents  per  pound       KI.tI ml vi Ic  Is 
I   cukes,  inpols  or  wireliars.    London,  pouncls 
"rllnr    [ler   Ion;;   ton,  stnndnrtl  copper. 


TIN 

AT    NK\V    YOltlC 

Month.        1909. 

1910. 

Mouth. 

I'.HHI. 

1910. 

January  . . . 
February  . . 

March 

Amil 

May 

Juue 

•28.0110 
•2S.-290 
•2.S  7:-T 
•20.445 
•29.  •2^25 
•29.322 

;I2.700 
32.9-20 
:V>.4(C) 
:t2.976 
:«.r25 
*2.769 

July 

.\URU8t 

September . 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

Av  Year.. 

■29.P25 
•29.011(1 
.30. '293 
30.475 
3U.859 
32.913 

32  1195 
33.972 
34.082 
3C.19() 

29.7'25 

SA.V  KUA.NOISCO. 


Xov.    1. 


rrici's   ar.-   in   cents   j.t'i-  [ioiiikI. 


i-rcAi) 


New 

York. 

St.  ^ 

u"'s. 

London. 

Hontli. 

1009. 

1910. 

1909. 

1010. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

4.175 

4.700 

4.0-25 

4.582 

13.113 

13.(150 

4.018 

4.013 

3.808 

4.445 

13.313 

13.3-28 

3. '.ISO 

4.459 

3.835 

4.307 

13.438 

13.0(13 

4,111s 

4.37(1 

4.051 

4.  •2-25 

13.^297 

12.(141 

4 .  •2.S7 

4.315 

4.214 

4.164 

13.  •2^26 

12.6.50 

June 

4.3.-.II 

4 .  343 

4.  •291 

4.^207 

13.031 

12  (188 

July 

4   321 

4.404 

4.188 

4. -291 

12., 5(13 

12.531 

.\ugust 

4  .  3il3 

4 .  4J0 

4  ^227 

4. -290 

12.475 

12.613 

Septembei- . . 

4 .  .'A-i 

4.4110 

4.215 

4. -289 

12.781 

12.582 

October 

4,341 

4. 400 

4  215 

4. -271 

13.175 

13.091 

November. .. 

4 ,  370 

4  252 

13  U47 

December.. . 

4. -.CO 

4.4.59 

13.1-25 

Year- 

4.^273 

4.15;) 

13.049 

Xf'w    York   and    Si.    I.oiiis.   cents   per   pound. 
I,^ndon,  pounds  steiMu^  pci*   long  Um. 

SrEI.TEU 


Now 

York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

l'JU9. 

1910. 

I'.HJO. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5.951 

21 , 425 

•23 , 3.50 

February.. . . 

4.889 

5,569 

4.739 

5,410 

2l,.iriJ 

23    ISS 

Marcli 

4.7.57 

5.637 

4 .  007 

5.487 

21    4:  IS 

23   031 

April 

4.9(15 

5,439 

4.815 

5.-289 

21   5:11 

22  lli'.l 

May 

5,1-24 

5,101 

4.974 

Sim 

21,075 

22   Pill 

June 

5 ,  402 

5.1-28 

5,-252 

4.978 

22  null 

22  Il'.l4 

July 

5.402 

5.1.52 

5,-2,52 

5.IK)2 

21,0119 

22,4110 

August 

6.7-20 

5. -279 

5.. 579 

5.1-29 

-22   J -25 

22  800 

SeptiMllbor  . . 

5.79G 

5.514 

5.646 

5.364 

-22,9011 

-23,1115 

Oclobel- 

(1.199 

6.62: 

6.043 

6.478 

-23.-2IK1 

•23.900 

November... 

(1.381 

6.231 

•23.188 

December. . . 

0.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Year 

5.503 

5.352 

•22. -201 



Now    York   and    St.    Loui.-^.   cents   per   pound. 
London,  pounds  slcrliug  por  long  ton. 

I'lMCF.S   *H-   IMC    IKOX   AT   IMTTSHTIU;. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910.     1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

$17.18 

$19.90 

$10.40 

$17.96 

$16.26 

$17.94 

February 

16.73 

18,06 

16  00 

17. -21 

15  00 

17  38 

March 

16.40 

18  53 

15,84 

16.93 

15,62 

17.00 

April 

16,79 

18,-28 

15  05 

16.H4 

15.06 

16.75 

May 

16.77 

17,10 

15.02 

15.04 

15.08 

16.18 

Juue 

16.13 

16.52 

15.84 

15.(10 

15.63 

15.. 53 

July 

111  40 

16.40 

15.90 

15 .  40 

15.96 

15.40 

AUKUBt 

17,16 

16.09 

16,17 

14.89 

16.^20 

15.16 

September  . . 

18.44 

16.92 

16.80 

14.73 

17.03 

14.93 

OcU.ber 

19.75 

15.90 

17.84 

14.05 

18.0-2 

14.88 

Novt*mber.. . 

19.90 

18  37 

18.09 

December... 

19.90 

18.15 



17.90 

Year 

»17.46! 

$16.46^ 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS 

Nov.  1 

SALT  LAKE          Nov.  1 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  of  Com  p. 

Bid. 

Acacia 

.051 

Bingham  Copper. 

|.15 

Cripple  cr'kCou. 

.0-2 

(--arlHa 

C.K.  &N 

.15 

Colorado  Mining. 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

.091 

tkilumbus  Con... 

.31) 

Elkt^.n  (  on 

.80 

Daly  Judge 

""■^ 

El  Pas.. 

.84! 

Grand  Central 

Faniile  Kawllns.. 

:  051 

Iron  Bh.saom 

74 

Flnillav 

.118 

Little  Hell 

.081 

Gold  D.dlar 

:  H 

Little  (hief 

Gold  Sovereign. .. 

.03! 

L<iwer  Mammoth. 

Isabella    

Ma.son  Valley 

9.. 50" 

Jennie  Semple  .. . 

.101 

Ma].  Mines 

t..13 

Lexington 

J. Ill 

Mav  Dav 

0(1' 

Moon  ,\nchor 

.1131. 

Nevada  Hills 

2.30 

Old  Gold .. 

t.lll 

New  York 

.13 

Mary  McKinuev.. 

t..vi  , 

Princ*.  Con 

.77 

Pharmacist 

.112' 

SPverKlngCoarn 

1.66 

Portland 

1.1.'>  , 

Slou.x  Con 

.31 

Vindicator 

.92 

Uncle  Bam 

.391 
J1.07J 

Work    

.03  ! 

Victoria 

Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


CoMSTOCK  Stocks 


Alta 

Belcher 

Uest  k  nelober 

Caledonia  ...' 

Challenge  Cou 

Choilar 

Confidence 

Con.  lal.  k  Va 

Crown  Pt.lnt 

Gould  b  Curi-y... 
Hale  &  Nol^cross. . 

Me.\icau 

Occidental 

Ophlr 

Overman 

Potosl  

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket 


t  09 

J  70 

1.00 

.53 

.09 

.19 

1.07 

.42 

1.-2I) 

.30 

i  4" 

.13 
.19 
.•26 
.46 


Name  of  Comp.      Bid. 


MISC.  Nkv.  &CAL. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    liutler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta :. 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  E.xtension 

Oro 

Red  Hill 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tram  ps  Cou 

Arg.inaut 

Cent.  Eureka 

So.  Eureka 


4. GO 
.03 
.29 
.'28 
.19 
.06 

J.  65 
.1-i 
.08 

;  13 

.30 

.28 

.05 

t.OH 

.07 

t.l6 

.02 

tl.OO 

n  45 


N.  Y.  EXCH. 

Nov.  1 

Name  of  Comp. 

cig. 

Amalgamated .... 

ion 

Am.  Agri.  ('hem  . . 

*>*'/, 

Am.Sm..sKer.,com 

80  >i 

Am.Sm.  *  Ret.,pr. 

105 

Anaconda 

42 

Bethli  hemSteidpf 

(UK 

Col.  i  Hock.  C.&  I. 

6 

Federal  M.  ,t  S... 

40 

(iol.lli.'ld  Con 

«« 

Great  Nor., orectf. 

69 

Homestake 

J86!.J 

Nat' nalLead.com. 

.59»< 

National  Lead,  pt. 

106 

Nev.  C.ns.d 

•20'., 

Pittsburg  Coal 

2II7-J 

KepubllcUS.com. 

t34!,i 

R.-piiblk-  1  &S.  l.f. 

Sl-.ssSli.-ni  d.i-.on. 

--'l  '.. 

Sl..ssSb.'ni.-M.  pf. 

Jllll 

'r>-niiessee(  ol.l.er 

37 -':i 

Utah  Copper 

40,'. 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

W% 

U.  8.  Steel,  lit 

in;. 

Va.  Car.  Chem 

66;ii 

N.  Y,  CURB 


Nov.  1 


Namt'  of  Comp.      cl 


Ariz.-Canniioa .... 

Jiaruos  Kins 

Itonan/a  Cn^nk. . . 
Hiadnn  Copper, . . 

B-<'.  ('"PP'T 

BufTalo  MtiD'B 

Buttf  Coalition. . . 

Cnloiloiiia 

Calunii'l  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines., 

I'lilno 

Cobalt  C'-ntral 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

DavlH-Ualy 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Con 

ElRayo 

Ploronco 

Qlroux  

tTi-ocnc  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Ouorrero 

CiupK"*"-  Exp 

Kerr  Lako 

La  Rose 

MoKlnh-y-Dar-Sa. 
Miami  Copp»u-.... 
MincH  Co.  of  .\ni.. 
Mont.  SliosliMii,... 
Mtuii.-Toni.|.ali.. . 
Nev.  Utah  M.  AS. 
NipiRHliiK  Mines.. 

(.)lilo  Copp)-r 

Pari  lie  Sin.  &  M.. 
PrecloU.'*  Metal8.. 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 

South  Utah  M.A:S. 

Standard  Oil 

Stowart 

Tonopah  

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-Iiulllon 

TulnroMa 

Union  Klines 

Yukon  (iold 


•»x' 

19 

u 
l'« 

•22 


LONDON 
Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton'slnd. 
Camp  Bird..,, 
Espitranza.... 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Orovllle 

Mexico  Mines 


Nov.  2 


Adventure 

Algomah 

AUouoz 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Ariuona  Com 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Boston  &Corbln., 
Butte  4;  Balak... 
Calumet  k  Ariz.. 
Calumet  k  Hecia 

Centennial 

Con,  Mercur 

Coitj.er  Range... . 

Daly-West 

East  Butt(^ 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana  

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

OJlbway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Pat-rot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Host. 
Superior  &  Pitls. . 

Tamai-nck 

Trinitv 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf.. 

CJlali  Api'.\ 

Utah  Con 

Victoi-ia 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 

BOSTON  CURB 

Name  of  Comii. 


BOSTON  EXlH.     Nov.  1 
Name  of  comp^       cig. 


8H 

11 « 

J45>i 

•28  !< 

J5ii 
181.,- 

»H 

^.5o 

nx 

54  « 

66(1 

Uihi 

J6 

72 

4 

»% 
lUii 

35  Ji 
•28 


.Mimeek  ...    

Hliigliain  Mines. . 

Boston  Ely 

lloswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbiii 

(^rown  Rt*serve 

First  Nal.  Cop 

jinspiratlon 

I  Mackinaw .,, 

Majestii^ 

Natl  Mine  *:  E.\  . . 
Neva. la-Douglas. . 

jOne, 

IRaveii  Coiiper 

Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antduk 

ISImttuck-Al-lz 

South  Lake 

Stipi>rlor  ^  Globe. 

Trethewey 

Tuolumne  Copp<;.r 

Vulture 

Yuma 


16 
•22« 
3,>i 
39 IJ 
10^ 

6 

•20  u 

35  )i 
8H 

J« 

41 
132ii 
J14 
$76  li 

13Ji 

5'2 

13?i 
{Oil 
5>i 
40)i 

tm 

}24 

3 

10 

J131 

__    I'i 

Nov.  I 
Last. 

190 
•2>i 

IV 

.UK 
.21 
» 
.04 
(.(18»i 
l|i 

111 

■m 
?'* 

.•21 
.47 
.06 

■2ff 

•J 

.45 

6« 
V- 

fil 
1>i 

Mil 
1« 
3)i 
9.'i 

.26 


il,ns(   (luotation. 


940 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


rmr- 


v»)f     nn     >vy>     nn     K»y     imn<x>vv     un     xnxx     Xm     XXXX     mK     XXXX     XXXK     XXXX     MAA     nm 


THE    MINING    INDEX  <^ 

A  CLASSIFIED  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  THE  CURRENT  ^   '"^ 
"^LITERATURE    OF  MINING  AND   METALLURGY. 


R(m    vvvy    yvvn    v>»«    x«vw    v»»^    oa    nu    un    mx    mx    vxxK    XKKX    xxxx    xxxx    xxxx    xm    nm 


This  index  is  a  convenient  reference  to  tlie 
current  literature  of  minins  and  metallurK.v 
published  in  all  ot  the  important  periodicals 
of  the  world.  We  will  furnish  a  copy  ot  any 
article  (if  in  print),  in  the  orisinal  langua.se, 
for  the  price  quoted.  Where  no  price  is 
quoted,  the  cost  is  unknown.  Inasmuch  as 
the  paper  must  be  ordered  from  the  pub- 
lishers, there  \vill  be  .some  delay  for  foreign 
papers.  Remittance  must  be  sent  with  order. 
Coupons  are  furnished  at  the  following  prices  : 
liOc.  each,  six  for  $1.  H.'i  for  .$."..  and  Kid  for 
$1.1.  When  remittances  are  made  in  even 
dollars,  we  will  return  the  excess  over  an 
order  in  coupons,  if  so  requested. 


COAI..   AND    COKE 

13,628 — ACCIDENTS — Mining  Accidents  : 
Present  Conditions  in  Great  Britain.  T. 
Good.  (Cassier's  Mag.,  Aug..  1010:  4  pp.) 
40c. 

13.629 — ANALYSIS— The  Accuracy  Obtain- 
able in  Fuel  Calorimetry.  C.  Nevill  Iluntly. 
(.Tourn.  Sec.  of  Chem.  Ind.,  Aug.  l.l.  ISllO: 
■iVi    pp.) 

13.630 — BRIQt'ETTING — Coal  Briquetting 
in  moi).  Kdward  W.  Parker.  (Advance 
Chapter  from  Jlineral  Resources  of  the  I'.  S., 
Calendar    Year    190!) ;    14  Vj    pp.) 

13.631— COAL-DUST  EXPLOSIONS— The 
Prevention  of  Coal-Dust  Explosions  liy  Zone 
Systems.  (Coll.  Guard..  Sept.  2.  1910;  1  >/. 
pp.)  Paper  before  North  Staffordshire  Inst, 
of  Min.   and   Mechan.    Engrs.      40c. 

13,632 — COKE  from  "Non-Coking"  Coal,  as 
Made  at  the  Bluff  Colliery.  Central  District. 
Queensland.  (Queensland  Govt.  Min.  .Tourn.. 
Aug.   15,   1910;   1%   pp.,   illus.)    60c. 

13.63.3 — COKE — Suction  Device  for  Draw- 
ing Off  Coke-Oven  Fumes,  A.  (Jradenwitz. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Oct.  22.  1910;  1  p.. 
illus.  I    20c. 

13,6,34— COKE  MANUFACTURE,  A.  Short. 
(Journ.  Soc.  of  Chem.  Ind.,  Aug.  15,  1910; 
S   pp.,    illus.) 

13.63.5 — COKE-OVEN  GAS — The  Use  of 
Coke-Oven  Gas  as  Fuel.  Thomas  .T.  Brown. 
(.Tourn.  Min,  Soc.  of  Nova  Scotia.  Vol.  XV. 
1909  :   8  pp.) 

13,636 — CONSERVATION  as  it  Affects  Coal 
Lands.  E.  W.  Parker.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
Oct.  S,  1910;  2  pp.)  Paper  before  Am.  Min. 
Congress.     2(3c. 

13,637  — ELECTRIC  SHOCKS  in  Coal 
Mines,  S.  F.  Walker.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .Touni.. 
Oct.   8,   1910;   S   pp.)    20c. 

13.638 — EXPLOSIONS — Some  Causes  and 
Prevention  ot  Collierv  Explosions.  G.  II. 
Wlnstanley.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Kev..  Sept. 
30.  1910:  2i/i  pp.)  Lecture  before  Nat.  Assn. 
of    Colliery    Managers.      40c. 

13,639 — EXPLOSIVES — Use  of  Explosives 
in  British  Coal  Mines.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ., 
Sept.   24,    1910:    1    p.)    20c. 

13,fi39a — FUEL  ST'PPLY — Facts  Concern- 
ing I'rcsenI  Fuel  Situation.  Floyd  W.  Par- 
sons, (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  15,  1910; 
2    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,f,40 — HAULAGE — Description  of  Haul- 
age System  Installed  to  Take  the  Place  of 
Horses  at  No.  3  and  No.  4  Collieries  of  the 
Nova  S''olia  Steel  and  Coal  Company,  Ltd., 
at  Sidney  Mines,  Nova  Scotia.  John  .John- 
ston. (.I'ourn.  Mill.  Soc.  of  Nova  Scotia,  Vol, 
XV,    1909;    4    pp.,    illus.) 

13.641— LOW-GRADE  FT'EI. — T'se  of  Low- 
Grade  Fuel  under  Boilers.  John  Preston. 
(Jiiurn.  Mill.  Soc.  of  Nova  Scotia.  Vol.  XV, 
1909,   :'.  pp.1 

13.642— MINING.  PREPARING  AND  COK- 
IN(;  COAL  at  Martlng.  W.  Va.  (Mines  and 
Minerals,   Oct.,    1910;    31/,    pp.,    Illus.)    40c. 

1.-!.(543 — POWER  PLANT— Storage  Battery 
Extension  to  Collierv  Power  Plant.  (Eng, 
and  Min.  Journ.,  Sept.  24,  1910;  1%  pp.. 
illus.)    20c, 

13,644— QT'EENSLAND — Recent  DIscover.y 
of  Coal  near  Dalbv.  W,  E.  Cameron  (Queena- 
li.nd  Govt.  Min.  Journ,,  Aug,  15,  1010;  2% 
pp.,    Illus.)    (lOc, 

13,04,';  —  SAMPIJNG  —  Mechanical  Coal 
Sampler  Used  at  Plant  of  United  Railways 
and  Electric  Company,  Baltimore,  C.   E.  Scott, 


(Mines  and  Minerals.  Oct.,  1910;  li/i  PP-. 
illus.)    40c, 

13, G46— SAMPLING  COAL  AND  COKE. 
E.  G.  Bailey.  (Mines  and  Minerals,  Oct., 
1910;   2%    pp.)    20c. 

13.647 — S.\ND  FILLING — Wirkungen  des 
Ahhaues  mit  Sandspiilversatz  auf  das  Deck- 
geliirge  im  Felde  der  Kiinlgin  Luise-Grube. 
Ackcrmann.  ((iliickauf,  Aug.  20,  1910;  7 
pp..   illus.)    40c. 

13.64,8 — SIZING,  SORTING  AND  WASH- 
ING of  Coal.  W.  Bardill.  (Iron  and  Coal 
Tr.   Rev.,    Oct.   7.    1910:    2   pp.)    40c. 

13.649  —  WASTE  WATER  —  Kliirung  von 
Zechenahwasser  in  Emschergebiet.  Miiller. 
(Gliickauf,   Oct.    1.   1910;  4  pp..  illus.  i    40c. 

13.(i."iO — WEST  VIRGINIA — Notes  on  the 
Coal  Industry  in  West  Virginia.  R.  B. 
Brinsmade.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  15, 
1910:    ly-    pp.1    20c. 

COPPER 

13,651 — .ANALYSIS — The  Determination  of 
Copper  liy  the  Color  and  Cyanide  Jlethods. 
Arthur  Austin.  (West.  Chem.  and  Met.. 
Sept.,    1910;    12    pp.)    80c. 

13.652— ANALYTICAL  METHODS  in  the 
Cananea  Laboratory.  F.  (!.  Hawley.  (Eng, 
and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.   1,  1910;  4  pp.)    20c. 

13.653 — CHLORINATION — Die  Chloration 
des  Kupfers  auf  nassem  und  trockenem  Wege 
und  Ihre  Reaktionen.  Rudolf  Franke.  (Met- 
alurgie,  Aug.  8,  1910:  S'i  pp.,  illus.)   40c, 

13,653a  —  CONCENTRATION  —  Vakuum- 
Konzentration  in  Sulitelma.  C.  (iijpner. 
(Metallurgie.  Sept.  22.  1910;  214  pp..  illus.) 
Translation  of  a  paper  by  Holm  Holmsen  and 
H.  N.  Rees  on  the  concentration  of  copper 
ores  at  Sulitelma  by  the  Elmore  process.  40c. 

13.654— ELECTRIC  EXTRACTION  AND 
REFINING  of  Copper.  John  B.  C.  Kershaw. 
(Metal.    Ind.,   Oct..    1910;    3   pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

13.655 — IMPURITIES — The  Influence  of 
Impurities  on  the  Properties  of  Copper.  F. 
Johnson.  (Met.  and  Chem.  Eng., 'Oct.,  1910; 
.5    pp..    illus.  ^     40c. 

13.656 — LEACHING  Applied  to  Copper  Ore 
W.  L.  Austin.  (Mines  and  Methods,  Sept. 
1910 ;   4  pp.)    20c. 

13,657 — STNTRRINC,  —  Agglomerating  Ore 
Fines  and  Flue  Dust.  Herljert  Haas.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  22,  1910:  3%  pp„ 
illus.)    20c. 

13.65,8— SMELTING  at  Nishni  Tagil  in  the 
Ural  Mountains.  F.  W.  Draper.  (Eng.  and 
.Mill.   Journ.,    Sept,   24,    1910:   3  pp,) 

GOLD    .\ND    SILVER 

13.i!5Sa — ALASKA — Annual  Report  of  Alas- 
ka-Treadwell  Company,  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ.,    Oct.   8,    1910;    1%    PP-,   illus.)    20c. 

13.659 — ASSAY  of  .\rsenieal  Nickel-Cohalt- 
Silver  Ore.  Denison  K.  Bulleus.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  22,  1910;  2  pp.,  illus.)   20c. 

13,660 — ASSAYING— The  Effect  of  Vary- 
ing .Amounts  ot  Litharge  in  the  Fire  Assay  for 
Silver.  Kenneth  Williams.  (Journ.  Ind.  and 
Eng.  Chem..  Oct.,  1910;   ')i   p,)   60c, 

13.601— ASS.WING— Solubility  of  Gold  in 
Nitric  .\cid.  II.  II.  Fenwick.  (Pacilic  Jliner, 
Sept.,    Itno;    1  V'l    pp.)    20c. 

13.662 — BR.'^ZII. — Notes  on  Passa.gem  Mine 
and  Works.  (The  Ouro  Preto  Gold  Mines  of 
Brazil,  Limited.)  A,  J.  Bensusan.  (Bull. 
75.    I.  M.   M.,  Oct.   15,   lillO:   22 '^   pp.,  illus.) 

13.66,3 — BRITISH  COI.T'MBIA — Report  on 
Certain  Mineral  Claims  in  Atlin,  Bella  Coola 
and  Naiiaiino  Mining  1  ih-isinns.  Herbert  Car- 
nilcbael.  (li.  C.  Bureau  of  .Mines.  Bull.  1, 
1910  ;    14   pp..    Illus.) 

13.664— CHLORINE — The  Whiting  Electro- 
lytic Cell,  .1,  Whiting,  (Trans,  Am.  Electro- 
chem,    Soc,    Vol,    XVII,    1910;    14   pp,,   illus,) 

13,605— CHLORINATION— West  Works- 
Mount  Morgan  Clilorlnallon,  C.  H.  Ilumpli- 
reys.  ((.Jiicensland  Govt.  Min.  Jiuirn.,  Aug, 
15,  1910;  2';',  pp.)  Paper  before  Australasian 
Inst:,    ot    Min.    I'higr.      6()c. 

13.666— COBALT  In  1910.  Arthur  A.Cole. 
(Eng.   Mag.,  Oct,,   1910;  16  pp,,  Illus,)   40c. 

13,667 — COSTA  RICA — Mines  and  Mill  of 
Montezuma    Mines.   Costa   Rica.      S.    F.    Shaw. 


(Eng.   and   .Min.    Journ..    Oct.   8,    1910;   2   pp., 
illus.)    20c. 

13,668 — CRUSHING — The  Grinding  Pan. 
Donald  Winslow.  (Pacific  Miner,  Sept.,  1910; 
l<i    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

13,069— CYANIDING— The  Designing  of  a 
Sand-Leaching  Plant.  R.  Stuart  Browne, 
(Pacific  Miner,  Sept.,  1910:  4  pp.,  illus. )  .Con- 
tinuation  of  article  previously   indexed.     20c. 

13,670 — ^CYANIDING — Rapid  Estimation  of 
Available  Calcium  Oxide  in  Lime  Used  in 
Cvanide  Work.  L.  W.  Barney.  (Journ.  Ind. 
and    Eng.    Chem.,    Oct.,    1910;    1%    pp.)    60c, 

13,671 — CYANIDING  —  The  New  Clancy 
Cyanide  I'atents.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ., 
Oct.    S,    1910;    3    pp.)    20c. 

13,672 — DREDGINfi — Notes  on  the  Con- 
struction of  California  Dredges.  John  Tys- 
sowski.  lEng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  \o, 
1910;   4   pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

13.673 — DREDGING — The  Miles  Tailings 
Stacker  for  Use  on  Dredges.  (Eng.  and  .Min. 
Journ.,    Sept.    24,    1910;    1    p..    illus.)    20c. 

13,674 — HYDRAULIC  MINING  of  Aurifer- 
ous (Jraveis,  James  W,  Phillips.  (Journ. 
West.  Soc.  Engrs.,  Aug.,  1910;  40  pp.,  illus.) 
40c. 

13.675  —  HYDROMETALLURtiY  —  Modern 
Ilvdrometallurgv  in  .Australia.  J.  R.  Masson 
arid  J.  E.  Edwards.  ( Met.  and  Chem.  Eng., 
Oct.,   1910;   2%    pp..   illus.)    40c. 

13,676 — MEXICO — El  Chico  District,  Hi- 
dalgo, Mexico.  L.  Pascoe.  (Eng.  and  Min, 
Journ..    Oct.    1.    1910:     i/j    p.)    20c. 

13,r,77 — MEXICO — Mineral  Resources  of  the 
State  of  Guerrero.  W.  Niven.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  Journ.,   Oct.   1,    1910:   .".  pp..   illus.  I    20c. 

13,(i7,S — MEXICO — Mining  and  Smelting  at 
Achotla  Mine,  Guerrero.  W.  B.  Devereux. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  1,  1910;  1%  pp., 
illus.)    20c. 

13,679 — MEXICO — Mining  Operations  in 
the  State  of  Chihuahua.  W.  II.  Seamon.  (Eng. 
and  Min,  Journ,,  Oct.   1.   1910:   2  pp.1    20c. 

ISfi.SO — MEXICO — Operations  at  the  Mex- 
ico Mines  of  EI  Oro.  (  Eng.  and  .Min.  Journ., 
Oct.   1,   19111;    IVj    pp..   illus.)    20c. 

13.681  — MEXICO — San  Javier,  an  Old  Sil- 
ver District  of  Souora.  C.  N.  Nelson.  (Eng. 
and  Min,  Journ.,  Oct.  1,  1910;  1  i-i  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13,682 — MEXICO — Taxco  District.  Boris 
Gorow.  (Mex.  Min.  Journ..  Oct..  1910;  2% 
pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13. 6S3— MEXICO — The  Altar  Gold  Placer 
Fields  of  Sonora.  Mexico.  I  Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ.,   Oct.    1,    1910;    2^-    pp.,   illus,)    20c, 

13,0.94 — MEXICO — Yoquivo  Mine  and  Mill, 
Western  Chihuahua.  W.  H.  Seamon.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct,  22,  1910;  114  pp,, 
illus.)    20e. 

13.685 — MONTANA — History  and  Geology 
of  the  Garnet  District,  Mont.  J.  P.  Rowe. 
(Min.   Wid.,  Oct.  15,  1910;  5  pp.,  illus,)   20c. 

13.6S6 — MONT.\NA — Judith  Ba.sin.  Mon- 
tana. (Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  Sept.  24,  1910; 
3    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13.fiS7 — NEVAD.A. — Notes  on  Operations  In 
Jarbidge  Camp,  Nevada.  Winthrop  W.  Fisk. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct,  15,  1910;  1% 
pp,,   illus.)    20c. 

13, OSS — ONTARIO — The  Quartz  Diabases 
of  Nipissing  District.  (Ontario,  W.  H,  Collins, 
(Econ.  Geol.,   Sept.,  1910;   15  pp.,  illus.)    60c. 

j3,(j,S0 — ONTARIO — Present  Developments 
at  Gowganda.  (i.  M.  Colvocoresses.  (Can, 
Min.  Journ..   Oct.   1,   1910:  5  pp..   illus.)   20c. 

13  690 — ONTARIO — The  Porcupine  Trail. 
R.  E.  ll(H-e.  (Can.  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  15,  1910; 
5%    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,691— ORE  DEPOSITS— The  Agency  (rf 
Manganese  in  the  Superficial  Alteration  lina 
Seciuidarv  thirichnieut  of  Gold  Deposits  In  the 
I'uilcil  Slates.  Wnl,  II,  Emmons,  (Bull. 
A.    1,   JI.    E,,   Oct.,   1910;   70  pp.,   illus.) 

13,692— ORF-REDUCTION  PLANT  at  City 
Deep  Mines,  Ltd.  R.  Gascuyue.  (Jlin,  Wld„ 
Oct,  22,   1910;  2  pp,,  iilus,)    20c, 

13.693 — ORE  TKFATMENT — Treatment  ot 
Refrnctorv  Low  tirade  (!old  Ores  at  the  Ouro 
Preto  (Jo'ld  Mine,  Brazil.  R.  H.  Kendall. 
(Bull,  75,   I.  M.  M„  Oct,  ir>,  1910;  23 tt  pp.) 


November  5,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


941 


13.G!)4—rEIU"— Bedded  Oold  Quaitz  Veins 
near  I'otcj.  I't-ni.  K.  ('.  Thurston.  )  ICuj;.  and 
Min.  Journ..  !<eiit.   :;4,    liiKI ;    1   p.,   illus.)    20c. 

i:t.t>!)5  —  ri.AfKltS  —  Testing  IMaceis  in 
Korea.  II.  V.  ilaulou.  liiin.  and  Sci.  Tress. 
Oct.    S,    lUUI;    1    p.,    ilUis.  I    ;;ilc. 

i:i,0"JH-  S.VNK  KII.I.l.N't;  on  tlie  Witwaters- 
rand.  Edgar  Tam.  (.lourn.  t'liem..  .Met.  and 
MIn.  Soc.  of  So.  Alrica.  Aii«.,  llHii :  2%  pp.. 
illus.)  Di.^cussion  on  paper  previously  in- 
dexed.     6Uc. 

IROX    .\XD   STKEIL 

13,697  —  BLAST  •  I'TKNACK  CIIAKGING 
witli  Telplier  Lines.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev., 
Sept.    10,    Ullo ;    i;   pp.,    ilhis.)    40c. 

i;!,(!!)7a — BL.VST-FrUNAl'K  (iAS  —  feber 
den  heutiyen  Stand  der  (_;icht;iasi-einiguui;  in 
Ueutscliland.  t'.  ilr^jsse.  (Staiil  u.  Eiseu, 
Aug.  '24.  r.ilii;  111  pp..  illus.  I  t'onolusion  of 
article  previously   indexed.     40c. 

IH.WIS— Bl.AST-l-lK.NACK  UAS— The  Pur- 
itication  of  Blasl-Kurnace  (las  in  (lermanv. 
Curt.  (Jrosse.  ilrun  and  Coal  Tr.  Itev..  Oct. 
14,  1910:  11^  pp..  illus. I  I'aper  before  In- 
ternat.  Cong,  of  Mining,  .Metallurgy,  etc..  at 
Diisseidorf.      40c. 

i;i.«9!l— Bl.AST-KIUXACE  STOCK  IIA.NU- 
I.IXG  A.ND  CMAUdlNG  AITAUATIS.  W.  II. 
Graham.  (,Journ.  MIn.  Soc.  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Vol.    XV,    1900:    4    pp..    illus.) 

i:i.700 — BKKjriOTTIXd  of  Iron  Ores.  C. 
de  Schn-arz.  (Engineering,  Sept.  :!0,  1010: 
1%  I'P-)  Taper  lieiore  Iron  and  Steel  Insti- 
tute, Sept.  I'T.    1910.     40c. 

13,701— CAST  IKON— The  Constitution  of 
Cast  Iron.  (Trans.  Am.  F'dyincn's  Assn.,  Vol. 
XIX,    I.")!;  pp.) 

13,702— COXCEXTKATIOX  of  Low-Grade 
Magnetites.  G.  C.  Mackenzie.  (Annual  Ue- 
port,  Ont.  Bureau  of  .Mines,  1910;  Vol.  XIX. 
Tart   1 :   19  itp. ) 

13.70.3 — CIirCIBLE  STEEI. — The  Tassing 
of  Crucible  Steel,  .loseph  \V.  Kicliards.  (Met. 
:ind  Chem.  Eng..  Oct.,  1910;  ."i>.,  pp.,  ilUis.i 
40c. 

13,703a— ELECTRIC  TOWER — The  Itili- 
zatlon  of  Electric  Tower  in  the  Iron  and 
Steel  Industry;  with  Special  Reference  to  the 
KcnnoMiicMl  Speed  Regulation  of  (be  Motors. 
.1.  .1.  Scbuurman.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev., 
Sept.  30,  1910;  31;,  pp.,  illus.)  I'aper  before 
Iron     and    .Steel     Institute.       4((c. 

13,704— ELECTRIC  S.MIOLTIXG  —  Recent 
Advances  in  the  Construction  of  Electric  Fur- 
naces for  the  Troduction  of  Tig  Iron.  Steel 
and  Zinc.  Eugene  Ilaanel.  (Bull.  3,  Dept. 
of  .Mines,  Canada,    1910;   7li  pp.,  4  pi.,  illus.) 

13,70.-.— ELECTRIC  SMELTIXC— The  Di- 
rect Manufaetuie  in  the  Electric  Furnace  of 
Steels  and  Ferro-.MIoys.  R.  M.  Keeney  and  (J. 
M.  Lee.  (West.  Cheui.  and  .Met.,  Sep't..  I'.llo; 
14    pp.  I    .soc. 

13.700—  IROX  ORF.  OCCIRRKXCE— The 
f)ccurrence  and  origin  of  Some  Bog-Iron  De- 
posits in  the  District  of  Thunder  Bav,  On- 
tario. EUvood  .1.  Moore.  (Econ.  (Jeol.,' Sent. 
1910;    10    pp.)     (loc. 

13.707— IROX-ORR  RESOriiCES  OF  THE 
WORLD.  L.  De  l.aunay.  ([rtni  .\ge.  Sept. 
22.  i;i10:  2'i  pp.)  Taper  before  Internal. 
Congress  of  Geologists,  Stockholm,  Sweden, 
Aug.,    lillO.      20c. 

l.i, 70S— IROX     RESOrRCRS     of     the     Re- 

I  nblif   of    Me.vlco.      Ezei]uiel    Ordonez.       (Eng. 

nd    Min.   .lourn..    Oct.    1.    191o;    2   pp.)    From 

:ii    article    prepared    for    Internal.    Geol.    Con- 

:;ress.      20e. 

13.709  —  MELTIXG  —  Oxygen  Process  for 
Melting  of  Iron.  Alfred  Gradenwitz.  (Mines 
iind    Minerals,    Oct..    1910;    2    pp..    IIUis.i    20c. 

^.,l;''■^'','^7.^'"•'■   BIILDIXG— Design   of  Steel 
Mill   Building,   of   Illinois  Sleel   Company.      F. 
i:     Davidson.       (.lonrn.    West.    Soc.    of    Eng 
Aug..    1910  :   !l   pp.,    Illus.)    40c. 

1.3  71oa — jriXIXt; — rndergi-ound      Methods 

',",'.,  "',1.","-''''''    "i>'»-'e.      Terelval   S.   Williams. 

MIn.    «ld..    .Sept.    10,    1910;    2%    pp.,    Illus.) 

laper  before  Lake  Superior  Mining   Instllnle. 

13.711— MIXIXG   AXD  ORE   TREAT.MENT 
l)ee|)    .Mining    and     Irealmenl    of    Ircui    Ore 

Ml    Oxford.    X.    .T.       (Iron    Tr.    Rev..    Sepl.    22 

1910;    3    pp.,    illus.  I     20c. 

13,712  — OXTARIO  — Lake  Savant  Iron 
Range  Area.  E.  S.  Moore.  (Annual  Report. 
Ont.  Bureau  of  .Mines.  1910;  Vol  XIX  Tart 
I  :   20 1.^    pp..    Mills.) 

l.3,713--ORE  TREATMEXT— The  South 
\a  anger  Iron  Ore  Deposits  and  Sei.aratlng 
and  Briquettiug  Plants.  ( Englneerltig.  Sept 
i'>.     1910;     .;1m     pp..     illiiK.i     40,.. 

inJ'"''//^'";!"'^'',^'?,— '•"'•''•"■''■     **"'<'l     '«<'"n- 
I      '■■    '  "n.pbell.       (Iron    and    Coal    Tr. 
Sept.    30.    uni,:    ,1.,    pp      iii,,^  I    ,.„      . 
Steel    Institute.      40c 


Hev.. 
1,1'fore 


hot.  (Eng.  and  .Min.  Journ.,  Sept.  24,  1910; 
I'.i    pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,717— TR  A  XSPORTATIOX — I"eber  Bewe- 
gnng  und  Lagernng  vou  Eisenerzen  ant 
(.rubenanlagen.  K.  Gllnz.  (StabI  u.  Elsen, 
Aug.  ,u  and  Sept.  14,  1910;  17%  pp.,  illus.) 
00c, 

T  1;'''"'S— VAU  ATION  OF  TIG  IROX,  The. 
J.    11.    Liniou.      (Foundry,    Oct.,    1910;    1    p.) 

„.1-'',T'-'— ^VASIIIXG  ORE— Xew  Plant  for 
Washing  Iron  Ore.  Mesabl  Range.  E.  K. 
Sopei-.  (Eng.  and  illn.  .lourn.,  Oct.  .s,  1910; 
2',i    pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

LlS.Vn,    ZIXC    .VXD    OTHHK    .MKTALS 

13,720— ALIMlXr.M— The  Electric  Extrac- 
t(on  and  Relining  of  the  Xon-Ferrons  Metals. 
lolm  n.  c.  Kershaw.  (Metal.  Ind.,  Sept.,' 
191(1  ;    2    pp.,    illus.)     20c. 

I.'!. 721 — CADMUM — The  Fse  of  Organic 
i:ieelrolytes  in  Cailuiium  Separation.  Mary 
i;.  Holmes  and  Marv  V.  Dover,  (.lourn.  Am. 
(hem.   Soc,   Oct..    1910;   .1  pp.)    Soc. 

13.722— .MAXGAXESE— A  New  Volumetric 
Method  for  the  Determination  of  .Manganese. 
I".  .1.  Metzger  and  Robert  F.  .Mcl'rackan. 
(Journ.  Ani.  Cbem.  Soc,  Oct.,  1910;  1  p.)  soc 

13.723— (^ncKSILVER— The  .Tames  Ap- 
paratus for  IJuicksilver  Determination,  G.  A. 
.lames.  (Eng,  and  .Min.  .lourn..  Oct.  22. 
191(1;    ~,    p.)    20c. 

13,724— STROXTIFM — Metallic  Strontium. 
B.  L.  Glascock,  (.lourn.  Am.  Chem.  Soc,  Oct., 
1910  ;   ,S   pp.  I    ,soc. 

13,72.-.— TIX— Mount  Bisehoff  Mine.  F.  II. 
Bathursl.  (Min.  Mag.,  Sept.,  1910;  S  pp., 
illus.)    4Uc 

13.720 — TIX — Operations  and  Pollcv  of 
Doleoatb  Mine.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn..  Oct. 
•s.    1910  ;    1  1;,    pp.)    :;(!(■. 

13.727 — TIX — teber  Verhiittung  bolivia- 
nisc'lier  Ziuucrze  ai;f  dentscben  Schmelzhiilten. 
II.  Scbiiiihaus.  (.Memllurgie,  Sept.  ,s,  1910; 
4   pp.)    40c. 

13,72.S— TIX  MIXIXG  in  Bolivia.  William 
(iray  and  .Arnold  L.  Ilalden.  (Min.  .Mag., 
Sept..    I'llO;    3   pp.,    illus.)    40c. 

13.729— TT'XGSTEX  and  the  Moose  River 
Scheelile  Veins.  A.  A.  liayward.  (.lourn. 
Min.  Soc  of  Xova  Scotia,  Vol.  XV,  1909;  14 
pp.) 

13.729a  — TFXGSTEX  — Structure  of  the 
Tungsten  Deposits  of  Moose  River,  X.  ,S. 
E.  R.  Faribault.  (.lourn.  Min.  Soc.  of  Xova 
Scotia.    Vol.   XV,   1!)09;   0  pp.) 

13.730 — ZIXC — Economic  Conditions  in  the 
.loplin  DistricL  T.  Lane  Carter.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  .lourn..  Oct.  1.".,  1910;  2y.  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13.731 — ZIXC  of  Xevada.  A.  G.  Ilillen.  (Los 
.Angeles    Min.    Rev..    Sept.    24,    1910;    2    DD.. 

illus.  1    40c. 

13,732 — ZIXC — Pol,vniorphie  und  elektrlsch- 
er  Widerstand  des  ZInks.  Carl  Bendicks. 
(Metallurgle.  Sept.  S,  1910;  G  pp.,  illus.)  40c. 
13.733— ZIXC— The  Chemical  Analysis  of 
Speller.  Andrew  .M.  Fairlie.  (. Metal".  Ind.. 
Sept..    1910;    2    pp.  I    To    be    continued.      20c 

13,734  ZIXC — The  F.lecti-olytic  Dctermlna- 
(iou  of  Zinc  in  oi-es.  (ieo.  Kemmeror.  (.Tourn. 
Ind.  and  Kng.  Cbem..  Sept.,  1910  ;  1%  pp.)    ,soc, 

13,73,-.- ZIXC  .Ml.VIXG  in  Tennessee. 
(Xsgood.  (Extract  i;  tvot\  Bull.  Xo.  2 
Geol.    Survey,    1910;    l(Jt{.    pp.,    illus.) 

13,730— ZIXC  Oi!E  DRESSING  In  Colo- 
rado. II.  C.  Parmelee.  (Met.  and  Chem.  Ene.. 
Oi-t.,    1910:   2  pp.,  illus.)    40c. 


S.  \V. 
Tenn. 


3(1, 
Iron    and 


13.71.-,— SEGREGATIOX    In    Soft    Steel    In- 
ts.     (Iron  Age.  Sept.  29.  191(i:  4  pp..  illus.) 


ge 
2(V 

1.3.710- 

Trocess   fo 


"  *G      CEMENT— The 
M.nking  Slag  Cement. 


( 'olloseiis 
F.   A.  Tal- 


XOXHETAI.HC    MINERALS 

13.737 — CK.MEXT — Manufacture  and  T'se 
of  Slag  Cement  and  f)ther  Substitutes  for 
Tortlaud  Cemi-nl.  W.  D'Rohan.  ( Eng.-Con- 
Iracting,    Aug.    21.    191(1;    1  v;,    pp.)    ;;()(., 

13,73S  --  CEMFXT  —  The    Tortlnnd-Cement 
Industry    of    ibi'    Inlted    Slates    and    Canada 
A.    C.    Davis.       (i'roc    Instn.    of    Civ.    Engrs 
Vol.   CLXX.X,    Tart    2,    1909-10;    l.-.i;,    pp.) 

13.739— GYTSC.M  DEPOSITS  of  .New  York. 
D.  II.  Xewland  and  Henry  I.elghton.  (Bull. 
143.  X.  Y.  State  Museum,  Oct.  1,  1910-  94 
PP) 

,,,^;\74n~SATyjlAh  GAS— The  Kent  Gas 
Held.  Ontario.  G.  R.  Mlckle.  (Annual  Re- 
port. Out.  Bureau  of  Mines.  1910  ;  Vol  XIX 
Tart    I  ;    4  ■'!    pp.i 

13.741  —TETROI.ET-M—Commeielnl  Value 
ot  the  Oil  Shales  of  Eastern  Canada,  Based 
on  Their  Contents  by  Analvsis  In  Crude  Oil 
and  .\mmiuiium  Sulphate.  U.  w  Ells 
(.lourn.  .MIn.  Soc.  of  Xova  Scofia  Vol  XV 
19(19  ;    29    pp.) 

T,'-'!'*-r.~U'-?,'""';'^J'^'  '"  Oiioi^nsland. 
Lionel  r.  Ball.  t<)ueenslnnd  Govt.  MIn 
.lourn..  Aug.   13.   1910:   11/,  pp.)    r.cic 

r,i?'V'''''"~''.';'''""",';'?'''^'-r''"'"'''"""""""'^nllli 
on    Corpornllon,    Ltd.      fAnstrnllan    MIn     and 

i'i"i';,'i-.,";,^:  '""■  ■"■•  '"'"=  '"■  >""■■  '  "■■• 


13.144— PETROl.Er.M— The  Santa  -Maria 
lieids.  Edward  Morris.  (Oil  Industry, 
Sept.   1.-.,    19IO;   2i,i    pp.,   Illus.)    20c. 

13,74,-.— TETROLEr.M— The  Whittier  Fields 
and  (.'outlgiioiis  Terrltorv,  California.  Wil- 
liam Tlotts.  .Oil  Industrv,  Sept.  13,  1910; 
2 ',4     pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,740— TETROLEFM— Valuation  of  Oil 
Tioperties.  F.  .1.  11.  Merrill.  (Lcs  Angeles 
.Min.   Rev.,   Sei.t.   24,    1910;   .-.  pp.,   illus.)    40c. 

13,747— TETROLEr.M  FIELDS  ot  Russian 
Sakhalin.  Taul  Dvorkovltz.  (Petrol.  Rev., 
Oct.    S,    1910;    4    pp..    illus.)    40c. 

13,74.S  — PE'IROLEIM  AXD  XATFRAL 
G.\S — A  Proposed  Classilicatlon  of  Petroleum 
and  Xatural  (las  Fields  Based  on  Struciure. 
Frederick  G.  Clapp.  (Econ.  Geol.,  Sept., 
1910;    191/j    pp..    Illus.)    GOc 

13.749  —  I'lIOSPIIATE  ROCK  —  Western 
Phosphate  Mines.  Morse  S.  Duffleld.  (Mines 
and  .Methods.  Sept.,  1910;  4  Vi  pp.,  Illus.)  20c. 

ECOXOMK-    <;K01,0CiY— GEXER.VI, 

13.7.-.0— AXIIVDRITE  AS  A  GAXGCE 
-Ml.XER.VL.   Waldemar   l.indgren.    (Econ.  Geol.. 

^.-pt.,    1910;    .-|'^    pii.)    OOc. 

13.751  —  BRITISH  COLFMBIA  —  Geologv 
and  Ore  Deposits  of  LaFrance  Creek.  Newton 
\\.  Emmens.  (Min.  Wld.,  Sept.  10,  191o; 
-%    pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

13.7.-2— COLORADO— Geologv  of  Part  of 
Ten-Mile  Range,  Colorado.  Arthur  Lakes. 
(.Min.  Wld.,  Sept.  10,  1910;  2'A  pp.,  Illus.) 
20c. 

13,753 — in"XGARY — T'eher  kontakt  meta 
m..r|ihe  Eisen-.Mangan-l.agerstiitteu  am  .\r- 
auyos  Flusse.  Slebenbiirgen.  Schi.ppe.  (Zeit. 
f.  i.rakt.  Geol.,  Sept.,  1910;  30':.  pp.,  1  pi.) 
4()c. 

1.3,734 — MEXICO — Notes  on  the  Archean 
R<:cks  of  Mexico.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn.. 
Oct.   22,   1910;    IM,    pp.)    20c 

13.7.-.4a — MAINE — Some  Ore  Deposits  In 
Maine  and  the  .Milan  .Mine.  New  Hampshire. 
William  II.  Emmnns.  (Bull.  4:!2,  1'.  S.  Geol. 
Siirv.,   1910  ;   02  pp.,   illus.) 

13,7.-..-.  —  MONTANA  —  Stratigraphi?  Rela- 
Iions  01  the  Livingslon  Formation  of  .\ion- 
lana.  R.  W.  Stone  and  W.  R.  Calvert.  (Econ. 
Geol.,    Sept.,    1910;    0    pp..    1    pi.)    OOc. 

13,730  — ORE  DEPOSITION  — Criteria  of 
Downward  Sulphide  Enricbmcnt.  F.  L.  Ran- 
-some.  (Econ.  (ieol.,  S.-pt.,  1910;  10 1/..  pp  ) 
Discussion  of  paper  pi-eviously  indexed."    GOc. 

13,737— OXIDATION— Tb'e  Effect  of  O-si- 
(lation  on  the  Value  of  a  .Muieral  Deposit 
.1.  B.  Wilson.  (Aust.  Min.  Stand.,  Aug.  24 
1910;    IVj    pp.)    4oc. 

MIXIXG— GEXER.\l, 

~T3,7.-,,S— ACCIDE.VTS- The  Prevention  of 
.,.'"'^„'^''""'™*^-  •'''"-•  »"<J  ^I'h-  Journ..  Sept. 
24.  1910;  0'^,  pp.)  Report  of  Committee  ap- 
pointed at  the  meeting  of  the  Am.  Min.  Con- 
gress,   Nov.,    1900.      20c. 

13.759— ACCorXTIXG— Rand     Gold 
liig    Accounts — XII    and    XIll.      G.    w 
(So.    African    Jlin.    Journ..   July    23   and 
27,    1910;    2 "4    pp.)    OOc 

1,1.70()— AERIAL     TRAMWAY— riah 
sfilldated  Aerial  Tramway.     Lerov  A.  Palmer 
(Mines    and    Minerals,    Oct.,      19"l()  •     •'     nn 
illus.)    2()c.  "  ' 

13,701  —AERIAL  TRAMWAYS  —  Mode)n 
Improvements  In  Overhead  .Mechanical  Trans- 
'.',"■'*,■  .'!'•  '■"""«'■  I  Journ.  Transvaal  Inst,  of 
Mech.   Engrs..   Sept..   1910;   i:i  pp..  uins.  i   Oiic 

1.3,702— AI..\SKA-  History  of  Mining  in 
«  "►  "in,  ,■  ;)■  ^''"■'lo'ialil-  (Pacitic  Miner. 
Sept  191(1;  3i.i  pp..  llius.)  Continuation  of 
article  previously   indexed.      20c. 

13,70:!— ASIA  MINOR—The  iliueral  Re- 
sources^ of  Asia  Minor.  (Min.  Journ.,  Oct. 
L.,    1910;    2    pp.)     40c. 

1.3,704 — BLASTING — Precautions  for  Max- 
imum Safety  and  EITecllveness  In  Blasting 
(Eng.    News.    Se|)l,   22,    1910;    1  y,    pp..   illus  i' 

M  il''- '","', TT  ■""'';'**"  COI.TMBIA  —  Recent 
Mln.-al  Discoveries  at  Poplar,  B.  C.  Newton 
W.  Emmens.  (Min.  Wld.,  Sepl.  24,  191ii  1 
p.,    illus.)    20c. 

13  700— BFILDIXGS- Fireproof  Buildings 
,  ,';,  ^".'J.',"f  '^"iPnnies.  Ernest  McCullough. 
(Min.  Wld.,  Oct.  s.   1910;  2'i    pp..  illus.  1   20c 

,rivi!i'"~l'",!!''"-^''^-'^'"'"^"  '^"•"  SMALL 
MlNl.S.  A.  W.  Warwick.  (Eng.  and  MIn. 
■Liiirn..    Oct.    13.    1910;    1'.,    pp.)    20c. 

1.3.7GS— COMPRESSED  AIR— Die  Erzeu- 
gung  und  \  erwendnng  von  Driiekluft  Im 
deiitsehen  Bergl.au  zu  Beginn  des  Jahres 
1910.  Iherlng.  fOliicknnf.  Aug.  27  1910  • 
L.    pp.1    4nc. 

1.^.7n9-r(lNVRVEn— Water  Flume  Con- 
-rvers  at  Mount  I.vell  for  Handling  Fire- 
wood. E.  (ariis  Drlflield.  ((lu.'ensland  Govt. 
Min.  .Fourn..  July  13.  1910:  4  pp..  nius  ) 
Paper  before  Aiislialasian  Inst  of  MIn 
Engrs      OOc 


Min- 
Tait. 
-Vug. 

("on- 


942 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


and 
1  \-2  PP->  illiis.  I  -Uc. 


13,770 — COSTS — Labor  and  Tonnage  Cliait 
as  Aids  in  Ueduciu!;  Costs  as  I'sed  at  lli;;li- 
land  Bov  Mini-.  Claude  T.  Itice.  (Eng.  and 
Min.  Journ..  Oct.  1.").  lillO :  I7;,  mi.,  lllus.l 
20c. 

13.771 — EXri.OSIOXS —  I'lotectivo  Value 
of  Humidity.  .lames  Ashworth.  ( Mines  and 
Minerals.   Oct.,    1910;    1'/.    pp.)    20c. 

13.771a — EXI'I.OSIVES — Teber  Spiengmit- 
tel.  (Eergbau.  .Tuly  14  and  •_■!.  I'.ilii;  :'.i- 
pp.)    40e. 

13.772 — GUATEMALA — Mineral  Wealth  of 
Guai^mala.  Heue  Guerin.  (Min.  .Toiirn.. 
Sept.    17.    1010;    1    p.)    40c. 

13.773  —  IIAl'LAGE  —  Streckenfiirderuni; 
unter  Tage.  Tillmann.  ((iliicliauf,  Aug.  (i  and 
13.    lOlU;    14    pp..    illus.,1    (iOc. 

],3.774 — IIAFLAGE — Third  Uail  S.vstera  of 
Electric  Haulage  at  the  Portland  Mine. 
Franklin  T'.  Wood.  (Min.  Sci..  Sept.  l.'i, 
1010;    2   pp..    illus.)    20c. 

13.77.') — LABOR — The  Efficicnc.v  of  Labor 
T'nder  Ground.  Tom  .Johnson.  i.Iouru.  Chem.. 
Met.  and  Min.  Soc.  of  So.  Africa,  Aug..  1010; 
"•'/•!    PP"    illus.)    (iOc. 

i;i.77(i — MEXICO — Mining  and  Smeltin.! 
Aguascalientes.       15.     Newman.        (Eu; 
Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  1,  1910 

L'i.777 — MEXICO — .Itevival  in  Ties.  Iler- 
mosiilo  and  Saluiaripa  District.  W.  L.  Wil- 
son. (Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn..  Oct.  1.  1010; 
%    p.)    20c. 

13  77s — MEXICO — The  Gua.vnopa  District 
of  Chihuahua.  Wra.  B.  Phillips.  1  .Min.  Sci., 
Sept.    20,    1010;    314    pp.,    illus.  1    20c. 

13  779 — MININt;  LAWS  of  Quebec  and  On- 
tario. Theo.  F.  Van  Wagiuen.  (Min.  and  Sci. 
Press,   Oct.   8,    1010;    2  pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

13.780 — NEW  YORK — The  Mining  and 
■Quarry  Industry  of  New  Y(U-k  State  in  1900. 
D.  II.  Newland.  (Bull.  142,  N.  Y.  State 
Museum,    Aug.    1,    1910;    90    pp.) 

13.7S1 — PERT — Mining  in  (Juiruvilca,  Pro- 
vince of  Santiago  De  Cluico,  Peni.  V.  M.  Sa.n- 
tolalla.  (Min.  .lourn..  Oct.  1,  lolo  ;  1  i-l.  pp.) 
Abstract  from  l!nhtiii  del  Cuerpo  de  Ingen- 
ieros   de    Minas    ib'l    I'eru.      4(ic. 

13  782 — PROSPE<'TlN(i  with  Churn  Drills 
at  Miami.  Ariz.  II.  A.  Fuld.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
Journ.,  Oct.  22,   1010;   2  pp.,   illus.  1    20c. 

13,78:5 — PUMPING  at  Bisbee.  Arizona. 
C.  C.  Austin.  (Mines  and  Minerals,  Oct.. 
1910;  2  pp.,  illus.  I  Describes  the  Junction 
plant  of  the  Superior  &  Pittsburg  Copper 
Company.      20c. 

1:1  7S4 — SAMPLING  Low-grade  and  Irreg- 
ular'orebodies.  D.  A.  McMillen.  (Eng.  and 
Min.    Journ.,    (.)ct.    1.'..    lOlii ;    ■;,,    p.  I    20c. 

1378.-, — SHAFT  SINKING — I'eber  Schacht- 
betoiiierungen  im  ailgemeinen  und  das  Ab- 
teufen  der'  Schiichte  bei  der  OesterreichiscUen 
Berg-  und  HiitienwerksGesellschaft.  A. 
Czermak.  (Oest.  Zeit.  f.  B.  u.  IL,  Aug.  6, 
13,  20,  27;  Sept.  .S  and  10,  1910;  22y^  pp., 
illus.)    $2. 

13  rsi; — SHAFTS — Elliptical  vs.  Rectang- 
ular Shafts.  Wm.  Archie  Weldin.  (Mines 
and  Minerals,  Oct.,  1910;  2V.;  pp.,  illus.)   20c. 

13  787 TEXAS  —  Mineral     Resources     of 

Texas  Wm.  B.  I'hillips.  (Bull.  14.  Texas 
Dept.  of  Agriculture,  July-Aug..  1010;  44 
pp.,    ilbis. ) 

13  78S TIMBER — Wood    Preseryation    and 

Creosote  Production.  E.  A.  Sterling.  (Eng. 
Rev..  London,  Sept.,  1910;  4  ia  pp.,  illus.) 
40c. 

13  789 — TIMBERINt;  the  Joplin  District. 
Lucius  L.  Witticli.  (Mines  and  Minerals, 
Oct..    1910;    2    pp..    illus.)    20c. 

l:>  7no — TRANSPORT  OF  COAL  AND  ORE. 
by    Electric    TraiUion.      W.    C.    Brown.       (So. 
Afrh'an   Inst,  of  Elec.   Engrs.,  July.   1010;   1.> 
pp..    illus.)     r>Oc. 

l.;7i||  — TRANSPORTATION  —  Adapting 
Automobile  Engines  to  Wag(m  Freighting. 
G  C.  McFarlane.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.. 
Oct.   22.    1910;    1    p.)    20c. 

i:j  702 — TI'NXEI.ING  on  Los  Angeles  Aipie- 
duct  R.  L.  Ilerrlck.  (Mines  and  Mlneials. 
Oct.,   1010;  S  pp..   Illus.)    20c. 

13.793  -rNWATERING  —  Peculiar  Water 
Problem  at  Candelaria  Mines.  Geo.  A.  Lniid. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  Journ.,  Oct.  1,  1910;  1 '-j 
pp.  1    20c. 

13,7!)4— INWATERING  FI.OODI.D  MINKS. 
I).  Lamont.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Jnuiii..  Oct.  1, 
1910;    31/,    pp..    Illus.)    20c. 

1:!  70.''i--VENTn.ATlON  ilnd  Health  Con- 
dlllons  on  (he  Mines  of  the  Wllwalersrantl, 
with  Special  Refcuence  to  the  Vciilllatlon 
Sylem  of  the  East  Rand  Proprietary  Mines. 
S'.  Penlerlck.  (Journ.  Chem..  Met.  and  Min. 
Soc.  of  So.  Africa,  Aug..  1910;  12  pp..  1  pi., 
Illus.)    (!0c. 

13.70f;— WATER     POWERS     for     Working 
■    Mines   of    Ontario.      E.    T.    Cnrkill.       (Animal 
Report.    Ont.    Borenn    of    Mines,     1010;    Vol. 
XIX.    Part    1  ;    17    pp.,   Illus.) 


METALLIRGY— GENERAL, 

i:!.797 — ALLOYS — Some  Common  Defects 
Occurring  in  Alloys.  Cecil  II.  Desch.  (Metal 
Ind..  Oct..  1910:  :i'i-  pp.)  I'aper  before  In- 
stitute   of    Metals.      20c. 

1.3,79.S — ASHES  AND  SLAG  HANDLING— 
Moderne  WegscbaQ'ung  von  Asche  und 
Schlacke.  (Oest.  Zeit.  f.  B.  u.  IL.  Apr.  30, 
1910;    1  i.j    PP-,    illus.)    40c. 

13.799— BRASS  FOUNDRY  COSTS  apd 
Statistics.  Chas.  R.  Stevenson.  (Am.  Brass 
Founders'  Assn..   1910;  35  pp.,  illus.) 

i:!.s(i() — ("HIMNEVS — Some  Notes  on  Power 
Station  Chimneys.  Kilburn  Scott.  (Iron  and 
Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  Sept.  2,  1910;  2  pp.,  illus.)  40c. 

13,801  —  METALl.OGRAPHX  —  Apparatus 
for  Microscopic  Examination  of  Metals.  Al- 
liert  Sauveur.  (Irnn  Tr.  Rev.,  Seiit.  s  and 
1.",,    1910;   9  pp.,   ilbis.)    40c. 

13.,S02 — METALLURGICAL  PRACTICE  in 
Western  Australia.  A.  E.  Drucker.  1  Min. 
and  Sci.  Press,  Sept.  24,  1910  ;  4%  iip..  illus.) 
2(ic. 

13, .S03— SMELTERY  FUME  in  Shasta 
County,  Cal.  Sumner  S.  Smith.  (Min.  and 
Sci.   Press,   Sept.   17,   1910;  2  pp.,  illus.)    20c. 

13,804 — SMELTERY  SMOKE — The  Neut- 
ralization and  Filtration  of  Smeltery  Smoke. 
W  C.  Ebaugh.  i.lcuru.  Indus,  and  Eng. 
Chem.,   Sept.,"  1910;   1".   pp.)    60c. 

13,S()4a — Sl'EISS — Speisen  und  ihre  Zugu- 
temachung.  C.  Guillemain.  (Metallurgie. 
Oct.   8,    1910;    8   pp.)    4i)c. 

13.805 — TESTING — Integrity  of  Tests  of 
Metals.  Alexander  E.  Outerbridge.  (Journ. 
Frank.    Inst.,   Sept..    1910;   OH    pp.)    40e. 

13  80(J — THERMIT  PRACTICE  in  America 
in  Welding.  Casting  and  Metallurgy.  E. 
Stutz.  (Eng.  News.  Aug.  25,  1910;  3Vi  PP.. 
illus.)    20c. 

MIXIVG     AMI     METAI.LUnGlCAL 
M  ACIIIXERY 

13.807— AIR  C(  i.MPRESSION  —  H.vdraulic 
Air  Compression.  (Mines  and  Minerals.  Oct., 
1010;  2 '4  pp..  illus.)  Further  particulars 
regarding  hydraulic  air  compressor  at  Ragged 
Chutes,    Canada.      20c. 

13.808  —  AIR  COMPRESSORS  —  Hydraul- 
ische'  Kompressoren.  1'.  Bernstein.  (GlUck- 
auf,   Aug.    13,   1910;   3  pp..  illus.  1    4(ic. 

13,8(19 — COMPRESSED  AIK — Friction  in 
Small  Air  I'ipes.  E.  <j.  Harris.  Albert  Park 
and  11.  K.  Peterson.  (Bull.  School  of  Mines 
and  Mel..  Iniyersity  of  Missouri.  Sept.,  191(1  ; 
25   i)p..   illus.) 

13. SKI— CONVEYERS.  Henry  J.  Edsall. 
(Cassiers  Mag.,  Oct.,  1910;  20%  pp..  illus.) 
40c. 

13.811 — DUiGING  BUCKETS.  Wm.  C. 
Carrollton.  (Ind.  Mag.,  Sept,,  1910;  11  pp., 
illus.  I    40c. 

1:!.S12 — DRILLINt; — Die  Verwendung  yon 
(iesteinbohrmaschinen  in  den  schwedischen 
Bergwerken.  E.  Mosslierg.  (Gliickauf,  Aug. 
0,    191(1;    12%    pp..   illus.)    40c. 

i;!.8l:!— ELECTRICAL  EllUlP.MKNT  for 
Metal  Mines.  li.  W.  Shoemaker.  (Min.  Sci.. 
Oct.  (!.  1910;  3  pp..  illus.)  Absti-act  of  paiier 
before  Los  Angeles  Section  A.  1.  E.  E.  20e. 
13.814 — ELECTRIC  POWER — Description 
of  Transmission  and  Distribution  Systems 
Supplying  Current  to  Colorado  Mining  Dis- 
tricts.' E.  L.  Berirand.  (Jlin.  Sci.,  Oct.  6. 
1010;    5    pp.,    illus.  I    20c. 

1:1. 815— ELECTRIC  POWER  STATIONS— 
Die  Kraftwerke  der  Kgl.  Bergwerksdirektion 
zu  Saarbriicken.  Mengelberg  and  Peucker. 
(Gliickauf.  Aug.  27.  lOlO  ;  31  pp.,  illus.)  40c. 
13.81(1 — EXHAUST  STEAM — Progl-ess  in 
the  Use  of  Exhaust-Steam  Power.  J.  Burns. 
(Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  Sept.  l(i,  lOKi;  4 
(ip..  illus.)  Pajier  before  Instn.  of  Min. 
Engrs.      40c. 

13.817 — <iAS  ENGINES — The  Dcveloiunent 
of  Large  Gas  Engines.  (Il-on  and  Coal  Tr, 
Rev.,    Oct.    14.    191(1;    2%    PP-    illus.  I    40c. 

13.817a — (!AS  PRODUCERS  Neuere  Gen- 
eratoren  fiir  bituniiniisc  BrennstofCe. -Gwosdz. 
((iliickauf.  Sept.  17  and  24.  1910;  OLij  pp., 
illus.)    40c. 

13.81.S — HOISTING  ENGINES— Elgebnisse 
\on  Untersucluingen  an  elektrlsch  und  mlt 
Dampfbetriebenen  Fiirdermasclilnen.  (Gliick- 
auf.   .\ng.    27.    1910;    2   pp.1    40c. 

i:!..sl9  -  HOISTING  ENGINES  —  Experi- 
ments with  Steinn  and  Electric  Winding  En 
glues.  (Colliery  Guardian.  Sent.  30,  1910; 
1-y,    pp..    illus.)  ■  From   Gliickauf.      40c. 

13.820  -HYDROEIii;CTRIC  PLANT  ol'  the 
Cobalt  Power  Comiianv  at  Hound  Clmte,  (Can. 
Engr.,  Oct.   13,   1910;'3-'>4    pp..   Illus.  1    20c, 

13.821— INDUCTION  MOTORS— Selection 
and  Types  of  Induction  Motors.  E.  D.  Brun- 
ner.  (Trans.  So.  African  Inst,  of  Elec. 
Enci'S.,    Aug.,    1010;    19    pp.,    Illus.)    l!Oc. 


13.822 — POWER  PLANT — The  Hampton 
I'ower  I'lant  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railway  Company,  at  Scranton, 
Penn.  (Elec.  Rev.,  Oct.  1,  1010;  3  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13.823 — POWER  STATIONS — Die  Kraft 
zentralen  der  IIari)eDer  Bergbau-Aktien-Gesell- 
schaft.  Schulte.  (tiliickauf,  Aug.  2ii.  lOKi  : 
3    pp.,    illus.)    40c. 

13.824  —  PUMl'S  —  Modern  Centrifugal 
Pumps.  Their  t.'onstruction  and  Characteris- 
tics. Geo.  II.  Gibson.  (Practical  Engr.,  Oct.. 
1010 ;   ■.','■2   pp.,  illus.)    20c. 

13.825  —  REFRIGERATING  PLANT  —  A 
Novel  Refrigerating  Plant  at  the  Mines  of 
Bethune.  France.  Alfred  (iradenwitz.  (Min. 
Wld.,    Oct.    15,    1010;    3   pp.,    illus.)    20c. 

13,82(>  —  SAFETY  AIT'LI  ANCES  —  Indus- 
trial Safety  and  the  I'reveution  of  Accidents. 
William  H.  Tolman.  (Iron  Tr.  Rev.,  Sept. 
15  and  22.   1910;  7-f4   ijp..   illus.)   40c. 

13,827  —  STEAM  TIRBINES  —  Horizontal 
Steam  Turbines  of  Moderate  Output.  Frank 
C.  Perkins.  (Jlin.  Wld.,  Oct.  1,  1010;  2  pii.. 
illus.)    20c. 

13.S2.S — TURBINE  STATION  of  the  Bisbee 
Improvement  Company.  1.  A.  Rosok.  (Elec. 
Wld.,  4  pp.,  illus.)  Results  obtained  in  the 
ipperation  of  a  small  Arizona  oil-burning  plant, 
with  details  of  losses  and  their  distribution. 
20c. 

13,829 — WATER  POWER— Effect  of  the 
Length  of  Penstock  on  the  Weight  of  Re- 
volving I'arts  of  a  Water-Wheel  Unit, 
(ieorge  M.  Peek.  (Eng.  News,  Aug.  11.  191(1; 
1   |i.)     20c. 

S.\Mrl,ING    AND    ASS.4YING 

13,830 — ANTIMONY  AND  TIN  DETEKMI 
NATION— A  Rtipid  I'ractical  Method  for  the 
Determination  of  Antimony  and  I'in  in  Al- 
loys such  as  Babbitts  and  Solders.  W.  B. 
Vietz.  (Metal.  Ind..  July.  1010;  Hi  iip.. 
illus.)     2Uc. 

i:!,831— ASSAY  FURNACE — A  Two-Muffle 
Oil-Biuning  Assay  Furnace.  J.  E.  Collie. 
( Pacific  Miner.  Sept.,  1910;  lXi>  pp.,  illus.  1 
20c. 

13. S32— ASSAY  LABORATORY'  —  Labor 
Saving  .\ppliances  in  the  Assay  Laboratory. 
Edward  Keller.  (Bull.  A.  I.  M.  E.,  Aug..  1010; 
:'.  pp..  illus.) 

13,833 — ASSAY  RETURNS — ■Uniformity  in 
the  Writing  of  Assays.  A.  L.  Pellegrin. 
(Paciflc   Miner,    July,    1910;   1    p.)      20c. 

13,.S34 — BARHM  SILPIIATE — Studies  on 
Colloidal  Barium  Sulphate.  Yogoro  Kato. 
(Memoirs.  College  of  Sci.  and  Eng.,  Kyoto 
Imperial  Univ..  Vol.  II.,  No.  7,  1910;  28V4 
(ip.,    illus.) 

13,835 — CI'PELS — Experiments  with  Port- 
land Cement  Cupels.  T.  1'.  Holt  and  N.  C. 
Christensen.  (Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Sept. 
17,  1910:  2  pp..  illus.)      20c. 

13,830- ELECTROCHEMICAL  ANALYSIS 
— The  Rapid  Determination  of  Copper.  R.  (\ 
Beuner.  (Journ.  Am.  Chem.  Soc.  Oct..  1910; 
7    pp.)    SOc. 

13.837 — GOLD  AND  SILVER  DETERMI- 
NATION— (!old  und  Silberbestimmung  im 
Schwarzkupfer.  Xissenson.  (Chem.  Zeit., 
May   24.    1910.)    20c. 

13.838 — LEACHING  TESTS — A  Handy  Ap- 
pliance for  Leaching  Tests.  O.  !■:.  .lager. 
1  Eng.  and  Min.  Journ..  Oct.  22,  1910;  1  p., 
illus.  I    20c. 

13.839— LEAD  IN  NONFERROUS  AL- 
LOYS. The  Determination  of.  (^.  P.  Karr. 
tAm.  Brass  Founders'  Assn..  1910;  HV,  pp.) 
13.840  —  TIN  ANTIMONY  ALLOYS  —  The 
.Vnalvsis  of  Tin-Antimony  Alloys.  LeRoy  W. 
McCav.      (Journ.  Am.  Chem.  Soc,  Oct.,  1910; 

7     pp.1     .80c. 

l:',,84l  VANADIUM  AND  CHROMIUM— 
The  .\p|ilic;itioii  of  Potassium  Ferri-cyanide 
in  .Mkaliiic  Solution  to  the  Estimation  of 
Vanadium  and  Chromium.  Howard  B. 
Palmer.  (.\in.  Journ.  of  Sci.,  Aug.,  1910;  5 
pp.1     4()c. 

INDl'STRI.-VI.    CHEMISTRY 

13S4'2 — AMMONIA — Production  of  Am- 
monia by  Synthesis.  Alfred  Gradenwitz.  (Eng. 
and  Mill.  Journ..  Sept.  10.  1910:  ^'i  p..  Illus.) 
20c. 

13.843— LKillTING  CHEMICAL  WORKS— 
Eb'clric  l.lghl  in  the  Chemical  Works.  Wai'- 
ren  11.  Miller.  (Chem.  Engr..  Sept..  lOlo; 
I  PP  ilbis,)  Deals  with  eipiipment  iiseil  ny 
Bergeuport  (^hemii-al  Works,  a  large  sulphuric- 
acid    iibint.      40c. 

13.811  SUI.PIIURH^  ACID — Pyrite  Smelt- 
lug  anil  Sulphuric  Acid  Manufacture.  F,  .I- 
Faldiu'.:  and  J,  Parke  Channing.  (Eng,  and 
Min.  Journ.,  Sept.  17.  1910;  Sy.  pp..  Illlus.) 
20c. 


November  5,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


943 


CHEMICALS,  MINERALS,  RARE  EARTHS,  ETC.— CURRENT  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 


ABRASIVES— 

Carbons,  good  drill  quality,  carat$50. 00@75 .  00 
Carborundum,    f.o.b.    Niagara 

Falls,  powd lb.  .08 

Grains "  .10(ai.  17 

Corundum "  .07®.  10 

Cru.slied   Steel,   f.o.b.    Pitts- 
burg  "  .03i@.06 

Emery,    in    kegs;    Turliisli 

flour "  .0U^.02 

Grains "  .O3i0i.O4 

Naxos  Hour "  .01  j(<"02 

Grams "  .03K"    04 

Chester  Hour "  .Olig,  .02 

Grains "  .03i@.04 

Peekskill       flour,       f.o.b. 

Easton,  Pa "  .OIK"'  01} 

Grains,  in  kegs "  OL'Jf"    O'.i 

Garnet,  per  quality,  .sh.  ton.  25.0(i("  3,i.00 
Pumice  .Stone,  .\m. Powd.. 100  lb.   I.ti0(ii  2  00 
Italian,  pondered,  .per  lb.  .OlJCm.Ol} 
Lump,  per  quality..       "  .03JC"-3O 
Rottenstone,  ground..       "  .02®. 04 
Lump,  per  (|Uiility..       "  .0,'>fe.20 
Rogue,  per  quality  ...       "  .05®  .30 
Steel    Emery,    f.o.b.    Pitts- 
burg        "  .07i©.07i 

ACIDS— 

Acetic  28% lb.  .02 

Boric "  .07 

Hydrofluoric,  30% "  .02J@   03i 

48% "  .06 

52% •'  .06i 

60% "  .10 

Hydrochloric  acid,  20°  per  100  1b.      1   25(a;l  .50 

Nitric  acid,  .36°  to   1U°  ,    per  lb.  .03i("i   04i 

Sulphuric  acid,  50°,  bulk  per  ton.  $12  up 

60°,  100  lb.  in  carboys.  .S5((il,12i 

60°,  bulk,  ton 16. 00("  18.00 

66°,   100  lb.  in  carboys.  l.OOCul    10 

66°,  bulk,  ton 18.00 

Oxalic per  lb.  .071®.  07  J 

ALCOIIOI,— Grain  95% gal.  2. 54® 2 .  56 

Denatured "  .42 

Refined  wood,  95  @97  %  . . .    "  .  52  @  .  57 

AMM— Lump 100  lb.  SI.  75 

Ground "  I   85 

Chrome  Alum "  .  04 J  (n. .  05 

ALIMINIH— Sulphate, com'l.  lb.  1.50@2.0O 

AMMONIA— 24  deg.  lb "  .04*@.05i 

26  deg.  lb "  .04i@.05i 

AMMOMIM— 

Bromide lb.  .28 

Carbonate "  .08®   OKi 

.Muriate  grain "  .O.'iJ®  .06t 

Lump •'  .09i®.09i 

Sulphate,  100  lb "  2.85@2.90 

Sulpho-cyanide  com "  .25 

chem.  pure.  "  .35 

ANTIMONY— needle,  lump.  .lb.  .04J@.05 

Oxide "  .07}®.  08 

AKSENIC— white "  .02}('i  .02J 

Red,  Outside  brands "  .o.'iifni  .06i 

Saxony "  .06i®  .06J 

ASPHAI.TIJM- 

Barbadoes per  ton.  80.00®120.00 

West  Indies "  SOOOftOOOO 

Egyptian lb.  I'-.f./    :',(i 

Gilsonite,  Utah  ordinary  per  ton.  32  nodi  40  (lO 

Trinidad "  20.0U(u  3(J.  00 

California per  ton.  25  00® 30.  00 

BARIIM— 

Carli,  Lump.  80^90'','  ,  Ig.  ton.  26. 00®  35. 00 

PriTipitaled,  96f'i«8''i    ••  33  .  OUfn  3.'> .  00 

I'riwdcn-d,  natural lb.  .02("  .02J 

Chloride  com'l ton.  32. OOC"  35.00 

Nitrate  powdered,  in  casks,  .lb.  .04jf"    05J 

Blanc  Fixe,  dry,  bbl...   per  lb.  02}®  04 

lARYTKS- 

Am    Ground sh.  ton.  12  00®  15. 00 

Floated "  17.00@19.00 

Foreign  floated "  20 .  00® 23  .  00 

ILKACHINt;  POWDER— 35% 

100  1b 1.30®1.40 

II.IE  VITRIOI,— (copper  sul- 
phate), carload,  per  100  lb.  4.00@4.25 

lONE   ASH lb.  .  02 J @  .  04 

lORAX,  ancks "  .03J@.0-» 

•Al.rilM- Acetafe.gray.lOOlb.  2.00®2.05 
Carbide,  ton   lots  f.o.b.   Niag- 
ara Falls,  N.  Y.,  for  ,Jersey 

Citv    N    .T     sh.  ton.  65.00 

Chloride,  f.o.b.  N.  Y...       "  11.00@14.10 

'EMnXT— Slag  cement..  ..bbl.  .75®1.25 

Portland,  Am.  500  lb "  1.50®  1.60 

Foreign        "  2.25@2.90 

"  Pnsendale,"  300  lb "  ■  |S 

(in  sacks) "  -"5 

HROMW    ORE- 
New  Caledonia   50%   ex.   ship 

NY                  ..per   Ig.    ton.  14.00®16  00 

Bricks,  fob.  Pittsburg,  per  .M.  175.00 
[IjAV.  CHINA- Am.     common 

eT-dock,  N.  Y ton.  8. 00® 9  00 

Foreign "  11. 50®  18. 00 

onAl.T— Oxide lb.  SO®. 85 


COI'PERAS-Bulk 100  lb.  $0.55 

In  bbls ••  65Ca).S5 

In  hags "  .60®. 80 

rUYOLITE  (carload) lb.  .06i@.07 

FELDSPAR- Ground,  .sh.  ton.  6.00@14.C0 

FIRE   BRICK— 

American per  M.  30 .  00@40 .  00 

Imported "  30.00@43.00 

St.  Louis "  16.00 

Extra    ■•  20.00@23.00 

Special  extra "  30.00(3)35.00 

FIRE  CLAY-F.<i.b.  St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis,  extra  quality. per  ton.  5.00 

"         ordinary.  ..."  2.50 

I'M  ORSPAR— 

Domestic  f.o.b.   Pittsburg: 

Lump ton.  S.00@10.00 

Ground •■  12. 00®  14. 00 

Foreign  crude  ex.  dock.      "  8.50 

FILLER'S   EAHTII-Lump, 1001b.     .80®. 85 

Powdered "  .80®.  85 

GRAPHITE— Ceylon. 

Flying  dust,  finest  to  best  .  .  .lb.  .02®.  04 

Dust "  .  02}  ® .  05 

Chip "  .04®).  08 

Lump "  .05^®  .  12 

Large  lump "  .08i(g).10i 

GYPSUM— 

Fertilizer sh.  ton.  5.00 

Ground "  4.00@7.00 

I.NFI-SOIIIAL   EARTH— 

Ground  Am.  Best lb.  .01i@.02i 

German '•  .  02}  ®  .  02| 

I.E.AD— Acetatefsugar  of)brown, 

lb.  .07}®.09i 

Nitrate,  coiu'l "  .08} 

MA(;\ESITE— Greece. 

Crude  (95%) Ig.  ton.  7.50®8.50 

Calcined,  powdered. . .  .sh.  ton.  26. 00® 37. 00 
Brick,  domes,  per  qual.   f.o.b. 

Pittsburg M.  160@200 

MAtJNESIl'M- 

Chloride,  com'l 100  lb.  .90®  1.25 

Sulphate  (Epsom  salt)..  100  lb.  .90@1.00 
MANGANESE— 

Foreign,  crude,  powdered: 

70®75%  binoxide lb.  .01®. 01} 

75@85%  binoxide "  .01i®.01i 

85@907o  binoxide "  .Oli®  .04 

90®i95^,  binoxide "  .06i 

Ore,  80';i-S5';i sh.  ton.  16.00®32.50 

MARBLE— Flour sh.  ton.  7.00@9.00 

MINERAL  WOOL— 

Slag,  ordinary sh.  ton.  19.00 

Selected "  25.00 

Rock,  ordinary "  32.00 

MONAZITE    S.\ND— 

Guar.  97%,  with  5%  Thorium 

oxide,  normal lb.  .08  and  up 

NICKEI>— 

Oxide,  crude,  lb.  (77%)  for  fine 

metal  contained .47 

Sulphate,  single lb.  .10}®.  11 

Sulphate,  double "  .05J®  .08 

NITRATE  OF  SODA— 

100  lb.  95% 2.12i 

95%  for  1910 2.  12J6'2.15 

96%  is  2S(<l'71c.  higher  per  1001b. 

OZOKERITE— best lb.  .14®.  17 

PAINTS   AND  COLORS— 

Litliarge,  .•Vm.  powdered lb.  .  05}  (<n  .  06} 

English  gla.ssmakers' "  .  osj  (iA  .  09} 

Lithophone "  .03j®  .07 

Metallic,  brown sh.  ton  16.SO(u.30.00 

Red "  14.00("'IS  00 

Ocher,  Am.  common. . .       "  lo.ood/ l."i  00 

Best "  12.00("il5.00 

Dutch,  washed lb.  .02}®  .03 

French,  washed "  .01}®. 02 

Paris  green,  pure,  bulk "  .  17i(ov20i 

Red  le;id,  American "  .06}®   07 

Foreign "  .08}®  09i 

Turpentine,  spirits  bbl,  per  gal.  .72J(ii    7.S 

White  lead,  Am.,  dry lb.  .05j®  .06 

American,  in  oil "  .07®  .07" 

Foreign,  in  oil "  .09®  .09' 

Zinc  white.  Am.  extra  dry.  .  "  .05J(o)  06.. 

French,  proc's.reil  seaLdry  "  .074®. 08} 
Frencti,  process,  green  seal, 

dry "  .10®.10J 

PHOSPHATES— Add 55@60c.  per  unit 

•Fla.,  hard  rock  77% 6.no®6..50 

land  pebble  68% 3.75®4.00 

tTenn.,  78®80%, 5  00®5  50 

75% 4,7.i®5.00 

68®72% 4.  25®  4. 50 

JSo.  Car.  land  rock  60% 3.50@4.00 

*F  oh.  Florida  or  Georgia  ports.     tF.o.b.  Mt. 
Pelasant.     JOn  vessel  Ashley  River,  S.  C. 


POTASSUM— 

Bicarbonate  crystal lb.  S.07i(<i  .08 

Powiiered  or  granulated. .  "  .OS(<i  .08} 

Bichromate,  Am "  .07}®. 08 

.Scotch "  .  10} 

Bromide '*  .20 

Carbonate  (80@85%) "  .03}®. 04} 

Caustic,  ordinary "  .03J®  .053 

Elect.  (90%  ROH) "  .05}®. 06 

Chloride  (muriate),  100  1b..  1.90 

Chlorate,  powdered "  .08}®  .09^ 

Crystals "  .09®. 095 

Cyanide  (98®99%) 

Carloads  (30.000  lb.) "  18c. 

5-ton  lots 18iC. 

I.ess  than  5  tons .19 

Kainite,  long  ton,  bulk,  7.50;  bsc9,  9.25 

Permanganate lb.  .095®  .104 

Prussiate,  yellow "  .  13® .  131 

Red "  .20®. 30 

Sulphate  (basis 90%)..  .1001b.  2.18@2.21 
PYRITE— 

Domestic,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  f.o.b.  R.  R per  unit.  Hi®  12 

Domestic,    non-arsenical,    fines, 

per  unit,  f.o.b.  mines 10}®11 

Importeil,  non-arsenical,  furnace 

size,  ex-ship,  per  unit .13 

Imported,  arsenical, furnace  size, 

c\-sliip,  per  unit .  12®  .  12i 

Imported  fines ,arsenical, ex-ship, 

per  unit 09}®    10 

Imported    fines,    non-arsenical, 

ex-ship,  per  unit .11®11} 

Pyritc  prices  are  per  unit  of  sulphur.  A  deduc- 
tion of  2.">c.  per  ton  is  made  when  ore  for  furnace 
i  s  delivered  in  large  lumps. 

SALT— N.  V.  com.  fine  280  lb.  bbl.  .72®1.13 

N.  V.  agricultural sli.  ton.  3.80@4.50 

SALTPETER— Crude. . .  100  lb.  4.00®4.60 

Refined,  crystals "  5.00®5.75 

SILICA- 

Ground  quartz,  ord'ry..lg.  ton  7.00®1S.OO 

Silex,  ground "  7. 00®  15. 00 

Silex,  floated "  35. 00® 40  00 

Lump  quartz "  6.00®5.50 

Glass  sand "  2.75 

SILVER— Nitrate,  crystals. .    oz.  .33}®. 36} 

SODIliM- Acetate lb  .04}®.  05 

"Alkali,"  per  100  lb.,  58/48.  .  .  .90®. 95 

Bicarb,  soda,  per  100  lb 1 .00®1 .30 

Soda,  caustic,  per  100  lb.,  78/60  1 .72}®  I  .85 

Soda,  caustic,  powdercil .025®  .03 

Salt  cake,  per  100  lb.,  bulk..  . .  .50((Vi.60 

.Salt  cake,  bbl .65®. 85 

Soda,  monohydrate,  per  lb. .  . .  1.30®  1.75 

Bichromate lb.  .05|®  .06} 

Bromide "  .20 

Chlorate,  com'l "  .08}®  094 

Cyanide,  120-130%  KCN,  per  100% 

Carloads  (30,000  lb.) lb.  18c. 

5-ton  lots "  ISic 

I.e.ss  than  5  tons "  .20 

Hyposulphite,  .\m "  1.30®1 .50 

Phosphate 100  lb.  2. 10® 2. 40 

Prussiate "  .08i(<!).09 

Sal  soda,  f.o.b.  N.  Y.  .  .       "  .60®. 75 

Foreign,  f.o.b.  N.  Y. .      "  .80(i^l.00 

.Silicate,  com'l "  .65®  1.00 

Sulphate,  com'l  (Glauber's  salt) 

100  lb.  .60®  .80 

Sulphate,  com'l.  calcined .65®. 85 

STRONTIIM— Nitrate lb.  .07®. 08 

Sl'LPIHR— Louisiana  (prime)  to 

New  York Ig.  ton.  22.00  up 

To  Boston,  Philadelphia  or 

Baltimore "  22 .  50  up 

Roll 100  lb.  1.85®2.15 

P'oi"' c,.- ■■,■■■■      .'.'  2.0002.40 

Flowers,  sublimed .. .        '  2.20@2  60 

Powdered   commercial,   bags  1.55 

Sicilian,  extra  qual.,  unmixed 

seconds,    crude    brimstone 

to  .New  York             Ig.  ton.  $22  00 

TERRA  ALBA— Fr.&Eng.  lOOIb.         .70@1.00 

TALC— Domestic sh.  ton.  12.00@20.00 

Ereni'h "  15.00®25.00 

Italian,  best "  30.00®40.00 

TIN-Bi-chloride,  50° lb.  11®    13J 

'■Jjy.^^^i :;       .24}®. 27 

Oxide,  lb "  .37®. 40 

I  RANH  ,M-Oxide "  2.20@4  25 

'-INC- Chloride  sol.,  com.  20°  "  .02} 

Chloride,  granular "  04 f„    ().)j 

PlV', "  .OeUn-    ()6i 

Sulphate ■•  .02®. 02} 

XiiTK-These  quotnllnns  are  for  ordinary 
wliolesiilc  lots  In  New  York  unless  otherwise 
specified,  and  i\ri*  gciiernlly  subject  tn  the 
usual  Inidi'  dls<-niinls.  In  Ihe  cases  of  Rome  of 
(he  Imporliinl  minerals,  such  ns  phosidiate 
I'l'ck.  pyrites  and  s'lliihiir.  In  which  there  lire 
well  pstnlilished  ninrkels,  the  quotations  are 
siibsl;intliiHy  rej)res('ntatlve.  But  In  the  cases 
of  some  of"  the  minor  mineral  products.  Ihe 
(plotntlfwis  represent  what  deiilers  ask  of  coii- 
Rnmers  jind  not  what  producers  can  realize 
In  selllni;  their  output  ns  n  matter  of  private 
contract. 


944 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  5,  1910. 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Companies — U.  S. 


Name  or  Company 
AND    Situation. 


Par 
Issued.     Vai 


Alaska  .Mexican,  g. .  .\las  .  .. 
Alaska  Tread  well,  g.  Alas  .  .  . 
Alaska  L'nited,  g.  .  .  .\las .  .  . 
Amalgamatec*.  c.  .  .  Mont .  . 
Am.  ,Sm.&Ref.,com.  U.S... 
Am.  Sm.  &  Ret.,pf.  .  U.  S.  .  . 
Am.  Smelters,  pf.  A.  U.  S.  . . 
Am.  Smelters,  pf .  B .  U.  S  .  . . 
Am.  Zinc.Lead&Sra.  Kan  .  . . 

Anaconda,  c Mont .  .  . 

.^rKonaut,  g Cal .... 

Arizona  Copper,  pf  .-iriz  ... 
Arizona Copper,com.  .A.riz  ... 

Atlantic,  c .Mich. .  . 

Bald  Butte,  g.  s .  .  .  .  .Mont .  .  . 
Beck  Tunnel,  g.  s.  1.    Utah . . . 
Boston  &  Montana. .  Mont .  .  . 
Bull.  Beck.iCham.,g  Utah.,  . 

Bunker  Hilli  Sull,  .  Ida 

Butte  Coalition,  c.s.  Mont .  .  . 
Calumet&.^rizona,  c.  Ariz.  .  . 
Calumet  &  Hecla,  c  .  Mich. .  . 

Camp  Bird,  g  s Colo  ... 

Colorado,  1.  s Utah 

ColumbusCon.,c.  . .  Utah 

Con.  .Mercur..  g  .  .  .  .  Utah 

Continental,  z.  1. . .  .  Mo 

Copper  Range  Con  .  .  Mich. .  . 
Creede  United,  g.  .  .  Colo.  .  . 
Daly  Judge,  g.  s.  1. .  Utah. . . 

Daly  West,  g.  s.  1 .  .  .  Utah 

De  Lamar,  g.  s Ida.  ... 

Doe  Run,  1 Mo.  .  .  . 

Elkton  Con.,  g Colo  .  . . 

El  Paso,  g Colo.  .  . 

Fed  M.&  Sm.,  com.  Idaho.  . 
Federal  M  &  S.,  pf .  .  Idaho.  . 

Findley,  g Colo .  .  . 

Florence,  g Nev. . . . 

Frances-Mohawk,  g.  Nev.  .  . 
Gemini-Keystone,  ,  .  Utah. . . 

Gen.  Dev.  Co U.  .S.  .  . 

Goldfleld  Con.,  g .  .  .  Nev .  .  . 
Grand  Central,g.  .  . .  Utah. . . 

Granite  g Colo  .  .  . 

Gugsenlieim  Expl.  .US... 

Hecla,  s.  1 Idalio. . 

Honiestake,  g S.  D .  .  . 

Horn  Silver,  g.s.c.z.l.  Utah..  . 

Imperial,  c .\riz  .  .  . 

Inter'l  Nickel,  pf.  ..  N.  Y... 
Inter'l  Sm.  &  Ref. .  .  Utah  .  . 
Iron  Blossom,  s.l.  .  .  Utah. . . 

Iron  Silver,  s.  1 Colo.  .  . 

Jamison,  g Cal .... 

Jerry  Joiinson,  g.  .  .  Colo.  .  . 

Kendall,  g Mont. . . 

Liberty  Bell,  g.  s.  .  .  Colo .  . . 
Mac.Vamara,  s.  g.  .  .  Nev..  . . 
Mammoth,  g.  s.  1.  .  .  Utaii. . . 
Mary  .McKinney,  g. .  Colo  .  . . 
May  Day,  g.  s.  1. . .  .  Utah. . . 

Mohawk  M.  Co Mich. . . 

Mont.  Ore  Purch. .  .  .Mont .  . 
Nevaila  Cons.,  c. .  .  .  Nev  .  .  . 
Nevada  Hills,  s.g. .  .  Nev  .  .  . 
New  Century,  z.l .  .  .  .VIo  .... 
Newhonse  .M.  &  S.  c.  Utah. . . 

New  Idria,  q Cal .... 

New  Jersey  Zinc ...  U.  S  . . . 

North  Butte,  c Mont .  . 

North  Star,  g Cal .... 

Old  Dominion,  c.  .  .  Ariz... 
01dDominn,.M&Sm.  .^riz.  .  . 

Ophir,  g.  s Nev  .  .  . 

OrovilleDreds'gLt.g.  Cal .... 

Osceola,  c Midi . . . 

Parrot,  c.  s Mont .  . 

Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.  V.  S  . . . 

Portland,  g Cilo  .  . . 

Quartette,  g.  s Nov.. . . 

Quincy,  c ,\Iic!i.. . 

Round  Mountain,  g.  Nev.... 

St.  Joseph,  1 Mo 

Shannon,  c Ariz  .  ,  . 

Silver  King  Co't'n.t.  (Ttali.. . 
Sioux  Con.,  s.  1.  g  .  . .  Utah. . . 
Snow  Storm,  eg  .  .  .  Ida.  . . . 
Standard  (;on.,  g.s  .  .  Cal .... 

Stratton's  Independ.  Colo 

Swansea,  g.  s.  I Utah 

Tamarack,  c Mich 

Tennessee,  c Tenn 

Tomboy,  k.  s Colo 

Tonopah  of  Nev,  s  g.  Nev 

Tonopali  Belm't.s.g.  Nev 

Tonopah  F.xt'n,  s.  g.  Nev 

Tonopati  Midw'y.s.g.  Nev 

Uncle  Sam,  g.  s.  1.. .  [Jtah 

United  Cop.  coin.  . .  Mont 

United,  c.  pf Mont 

United,  z.  1,  nf .  .  . .  Mo.-Kan. 

U.S.Sm.R.&M.,pf...  U.  S 

U.S.Sm.R  &.\I.,coin.  U.  S 

U.  S.  Red.  A  Ref.  Pf.  Colo 

Utah,  K.  (Fish  Sp'gs)  Utah 

Utah  Con.,  c Utah 

Utah  Copper Utah 

Victoria,  Utah Utah 

Vinilit  ator  Con.,  g  .  .  Colo 

Wolverine,  c Mich 

Work,  K Colo 

Yankee  Con Utah 

Yellow  A.slor,  e .  . . .  Cal 

Yukon  Gold,  k IT.S.ACan 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
25 


180,000  S  5 

200,000)   25 

180.200 
1,538,879 

500,000 

500,000 

170.000 

300.000 

80.120 

1,200,000 

200.000 
1,266,120 
1,519,896 

100,000 

250,000 
1,000,000 

150,0001 

100,000 

327,000 
1,000,000 

200,000 

100,000 

820.000 
1,000,000 

2.85,5-10 
1,000,000 

2J.nnn 

:'.--l,ls,'. 


.20 

.20 

25 

1 

,10 

25 

10 

10 

15 

10 

25 

5 

0.20 


l,r,_'-,,iinii 

oUO.DUO 

180,000 
80,000 
65,782 

2,500,000 

2,450,000 

60,000 

120.000 

250,000 

1,050,000 

912,000 

5,000 

260,000 

3,558,367 
250,000 

1,650,000 
207,933 

1,000.000 
218,400 
400,000 
500,000 
89,126 
100.000 

1,000,000 
500,000 
390,000 

2.500,000 
500,000 
130,551 
728,341 
400,000 

1,309,25 
800.000 
100,000 
80,833 

1,151,200 
746.000 
300,000 
600,000 
100,000 
100,000 
410,000 
2.50,000 
293,245 
162.000 
201,600 
700,000 
96,150 
229,850 
449,346 

3,000,000 
110.000 
110,000 
800,000 

1,000,000 
100,000 

1,2.50,000 
740, .389 

1,500,000 
"78,394 

1,000,000 

100,000 

60,000 

200,000 

,300,000 

1.000,000 

1 ,500,000 
943,433 

1,000,000 

500,000 

4.50,000 

50,000 

19 

351.010 

486,044 

39,4.58 

100,000 

300,000 

733,6^- 

250,000 

1.500,000 

60,000 

1,. 500.000 

1 ,000,000 

ino.ooo 

3,500,000 


1 

25 
100 

1 
1 

20 
100 

1 
1 

100 
100 

1 
1 
1 

100 

100 

10 

1 
1 

100 

0,2. 

100 

25 

10 

100 

100 

1 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date. 


Latest. 


Date. 


5 
1 

SO 

1 

0.25 

25 

25 

..00 

1 

10 

5 

100 

15 

10 

25 

25 

3 

5 

25 

10 

100 

1 

10 

25 

1 

10 

10 

5 

1 

1 

10 

.5 

5 

25 

25 

I.  85 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

100 

100 

25 

50 

50 

100 

10 

5 

10 

1 

1 

25 

1 

1 

10 

5 


2,6.88,381 

11, .535,000 

739,130 

62, 809  ,.884 

19,000,000 

35,875,000 

4,730,000 

7,482,000 

400,180 

47,700,000 

1,200.000 

1,344,257 

12.204,916 

990,000 

1,354,648 

675  000 

71,225.000 

2,728,400 

12,129,600 

3,700,000 

11,500,000 

12,750,000 

5,963,450 

2,270,000 

226,832 

3,385,313 

231,000 

10,373,591 

214,053 

225,000 

6,201,000 

835.200 

2,448,477 

2,666.959 

1,389,045 

2,708,750 

5.S01.250 

337  ,.500 


.\ug. 

.\ug. 

.■iug. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

June 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

June 

Nov. 

July 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

July 

Oct . 

Dee, 

.Sept. 

Sept. 

Nov. 

."^ept . 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

July 

.\pr 

,July 

Sept. 

Sept . 

Oct. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Sept. 

Sept. 


735.000:  Apr. 


546,000 

2.000.000 

2,639,000 

11,027,076 

1,331,2.50 

247,000 

10,530,324 

L',070,000 

26,010,440 

5,642,000 

300,000 
5,025,634 

950,000 

680,000 
4,2.50,000 

370,500 

100,000 
1,275,000 

228,353 

40,213 

2,220,000 

891.363 

108,000 
2,050,000 
9,437,274 
2,157,900 

373,000 

216,000 

300,000 
1,290,000 
12,000,000 
8,920,000 
2,786,999;Sept 
1,600,445  Oct. 
1,336,500  Oct. 

1.816.360  May 

1.383. 0361  Dec. 
8,958,6.50  July 
6,870,603,  Nov. 
8.762,247  Sept. 
8,617,080  July 

375.000Julv 
19,192,500|S'pt. 

327,300[,Sept. 
7,208,3.57  .Sept. 

450,000  July 
1,659,885  Jan. 

752,928  Oct. 

982„500  Aug. 
5,327 ,925'jan. 
5,3;)5,865,.\pr. 

329.500Mar. 
9.420,onO|Julv 
2,306,250  Dec. 
2,473,500  Jime 
6,150,000  Oct. 

825,000  Oct. 

2S3,0.30!Apr. 

250,000[Jan. 

3,50,000  Sept 


Jan 

.\ug. 

.Mar. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

.Sept. 

June 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Sept . 

Apr. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

June 

May 

Mar. 

June 

,Sept. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

.•^ept. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

.Sept. 

Oct . 

May 

Oct 


Auk. 
May 
Jan. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


Divided  pi-cvliiuw  fn  cnnsolldnllnn.       •$l,43(i,: 


5,962,500 
1 ,500,000 

312,782 
7,8.58,853 
3.026.725 
1,005. 50  llOct. 

323.000  Feb. 
6,900,000  Jan. 
3,SlI,196|,8ept, 

1,82,000  Dec. 
2,137,500  July 
5,700,000  Sept. 

172,500ljulv 

182,500|Jan. 

95S.7S9  AllK. 
1.750.000!SeDt. 


'10 

■10 

'10 

•10 

'10 

•10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

■10 

'10 

'10 

'O 

'O 

'0 

•10 

'OS 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'0 

•06 

•08 

'10 

•06 

•0 

■10 

■06 

•10 

•10 

•10 

•09 

•10 

•06 

•10 

•08 

•0' 

•10 

•10 

■09 

'09 

•10 

'10 

'10 

'0' 

'O 

'10 

'10 

'10 

•10 

'10 

'09 

■08 

'09 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'07 

'10 

'07 

'09 

'07 

'10 

'08 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'08 

'09 

■10 

■10 

'10 

'10 

'07 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'0' 

'10 

'10 

■10 

'10 

■10 

'07 

'07 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'06 

'07 

'10 

'0' 

'0' 

■08 

'10 

'10 

•0 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'09 

'10 

'09 

'08 

'07 

'07 

•10 


SO,  30 
1  00 
0,  10 
0.50 


.\mt. 


1 

1,75 

1,50 

1,25 

0   50 

0,50 

0 ,  05 

0,047 

0   30 

0   02 

0.04 

0,02 

4   00 

0,  10 

0,30 

0,25 

1,00 

7,00 

0,24 

0.06 

0,20 

0,02i 

0  25 

1,00 

0,00* 

0  37* 

0,30" 

0,24 

1,50 

0  OU 
0,01' 

1  ,50 
1  75 
0,01 
0   10 

0  05 
10.00 

1  ,00 
0,50 
0,04 
0.01 

2  50 
0,02 
0  50 
0,05 
0,20 
1,50 
2 .  00 
0,06 
0.10 
0  02 
0  01 
0,02 
0,15 
0  02* 
0,05" 
0,01 
OOIJ 
1,00 

15.00 
0.37* 
0.10" 
0  01 
0,50 
0,30 

4 .  00 

0 .  30 
0.40 
0.25 
0.50 
0,10 
0,12* 
4.00 
0,15 
2.. 50 
0.02 
0.20 
1.25 
0,04 
0.15 
0.50 
0.15 
0.04 
0.01 
0.75 
0.50 
0.05 
4,00 

1 ,  ■;5 

0,48 
0,40 
0.  15 
0,15 
0,05 

0  02 

1  ,  75 
3.00 
0 .  50 
0.87* 
0 .  50 

1  ,50 
0 ,  02 
0  50 
0,75 
0,02 
0.03 

5 .  00 
0,01 
0  03 
0.20 
0    10 


Coal,  Iron  and  Other  Industrials — United  States 


r.o. 


t  .'S1 1.187, .'■.Oil, 


Name  of  Company 
AND  Situation. 


.\mer.  .\g.Chem.,  pf. 
,\merican  Cement .  . 

.\merican  Coal 

Bethlehem  Steel,  pf , 

Cambria  Steel 

Central  C.  &  C.,corn. 
Central  C.  it  C.,pf. , , 
Col.&Hock.C.&I.,pf. 
Consolidated  Coal 
Consolidation  Coal. , 
Crucible  .Steel,  pf,  ,  . 
Empire  S.  &  I.,  pf. .  . 

Fairmont  Coal 

General  Chem.,  com. 
General  Chem.,  pf .  . 
International  Salt ,  , 
Jeff.&Cl'f  C.&I.,cm, 
Jeff.  ACrfC.  &I.,pf. 

Kern  River  Oil 

Lehigli  Coal  &  Nav. . 
.Maryland  Coal,  pf .  . 
.Monon.  R.  Coal.pf. . 
.Nat.  Carbon,  com  .  , 
Nat.  Carbon,  pf .  .  .  . 
National  Lead,  com. 
National  Lead.pt, . , 
.Nat.  SteeKtWire.pf. 
New  Centra!  Coal.,  , 
New  River  Coal,  pf.. 
Pacific  Coast  Borax. 

Peerless  OU 

Penn.  Salt 

Penn.  Steel,  pf 

Phila.  Gas,  com ,  .  .  . 

Phila.  Gas.  pf 

Pittsburg  Coal,  pf ,  , 
PocahontasC.C,  pf.t 
Pocah^tasC.C.  cm.t. 
Republic  I.  &S.,pf.. 
Sloss-ShefReld,  com , 
Sloss-Sheffleld,  pf. . . 

Standard  Oil 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  com. . 
Tenn.  C.  A-  L,  pf .  ,  . 
Texas& Pacific  Coal. 
Uni.  Metals  Selling.. 
U.S.  Steel  Corp.,  cm. 
U.  S.  Steel  Corp.,pf. 
Va  Carolina  Uli.,pf. 
Va.CarolinaCh.com. 
Warwick  I.  i-  S.  ,  . , 
Westmoreland  Coal , 


U.  S 

Penn 

Md 

Penn 

Penn 

-Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ill 

.Md 

Penn 

N.  J 

W.  Va, . 

U.  S 

U.  S 

Penn, . . , 
Penn. . . . 
Penn ,  ,  , 

Cal 

Penn 

Md 

Penn, . . . 

U.  S 

U.  S 

N.  Y..,  . 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y,,,  . 

.Md 

W.  Va .  . 

Cal 

Cal 

Penn. . . . 
Penn ... . 
Penn  ... 
Penn .... 
Penn . ., . 
W.  Va 
W.  Va ,  , 

HI 

Ala 

Ala 

U.  S 

Tenn..  .  . 

Tenn 

Texas.  .  . 
U.S.... 
U.S.... 

U.  S 

U.S.... 

u.  s 

u.  s,... 

Penn .... 


Shakes. 


Par 
Issued.  Val. 


181,530 

200,000 

50,000 

150,000 

900,000 

51,250 

18,750 

69,244 

50,000 

190,247 

244,365 

25,000 

120,000 

74,103 

100,000 

182,280 

15,000 

15,000 

20,000 

482,936 

18,850 

100,000 

65,000 

45,000 

206,554 

243,676 

25,778 

50,000 

37.617 

19,000 

92,000 

60,000 

165,000 

664,800 

120,000 

297,010 

28,000 

45,000 

204,169 

100,000 

67,000 

970,000 

225,536 

2,840 

23,940 

50,000 

,083,025 

.602,811 

180,000 

279,844 

148,671 

60,000 


$100 

10 

26 

100 

50 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

60 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

20 

100 

100 

10 

50 

100 

50 
50 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
50 


DiVlDE.N'DS. 


Total  to 
Date. 


Latest. 


83,381,390 

1,388,000 

2,647,187 

900,000 

11,710,000 

2,921,250 

1,5.50,311 

591,550 

425,000 

.rl7, 876,880 

9,630,234 

1,008,033 

1.980,000 

z3. 5.56 ,94  2 

7,156,000 

911,400 

330,000 

1,012,500 

84,000 

1/18,671,604 

2,061,122 

2,324,000 

797,500 

3,150,009 

4,386,015 

20.382,440 

631,561 

390,000 

461,40, 

2,086,500 

711,000 

16,278,000 

8,662,500 

*24,264,600 

2,860,000 

12,548,719 

420,000 

1406,800 

9.824,463 

2,508,000 

4,689,650 

697,422,000 

3,583,060 

390,040 

1,782,530 

6,625,000 

122,741,498 

274,719,539 

16,500,869 

699,810 

.572,340 

9,030,000 


Date 

Oct,  ■ 

July  ■ 

.Sept,  ■ 

Nov.  ' 

Nov.  ■ 

Oct .  ' 

Oct.  ■ 

Oct.  ' 

Oct .  ' 

Oct.  ' 

Sept.  ' 

Jan.  ■ 

Jan.  ■ 

Dec,  ■ 

Oct.  ■ 

Dec.  ■ 

Aug.  ' 

.\ug.  ' 

July  ' 

.Nov,  ■ 
June 

July  ' 

Oct  ' 

.^ug.  ' 

Oct.  ' 

Dec.  ' 

May  ■ 

Nov.  ' 

Nov.  ' 

Aug.  ' 

June  ' 

Oct.  ' 

Nov.  ' 

Feb.  ' 

Sept.  ' 

]Oct.  ' 
July 
Oct. 
Oct , 

.■<ept,  ' 
Oct , 
Sept. 
Nov. 
Nov. 

Sept.  ' 

Oct.  ' 

Dec.  ' 

Nov.  ' 

Oct.  ' 
Nov. 

May  ' 

Oct.  ' 


Amt. 


S3. 00 
0.10 
0  75 
0.75 
0  62J 
1.50 
1.25 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
2.00 
1.25 
1.50 
1.00 
5.00 
2.60 
0.18 
1,00 

2  50 

3  50 
1.50 
1.75 
0.75 
1.75 
1.75 
0.40 
1.50 
1.00 
0.06 
3  00 
3  50 

0  75 

1  25 
1,25 
3,00 
3.00 
2.75 
1.25 
1.75 
6,00 
1.00 


00 
50 
00 
25 
75 
00 
25 


0.30 
2,50 


♦Since  1894.tSince  1907.  JSince  1890. 
yStock  div.  82,866,950  Jan.  ■lO.     z  Stock 


a-Stock  div.  $6,130,000  Mar. '09. 
div.  10  per  cent.  Mar.  '10. 


Canada,  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America 


Name  of  Company 

AND     SiTUATIO.V. 


Amistad  y  Conc'rdia 

Batopilas 

British  Columbia,  c . 

Buffalo,  s 

Butters'  Salvador,  g. 
Cobalt  Central,  s  . . . 

Coniagas 

Consolidated  M.  &  S. 
Crowds  Nest  Pass. . . 
Crown  Reserve,  s. . . 

Dolores,  g.  s 

Dominion  Coal,  com. 
Dominion  Coal,  pf . . 
Dos  Estrellas,  g.s. .. 

El  Oro,  g.s 

Esperanza,  s.g 

Granby  Con 

Greene  Con.  Copper. 

Guanajuato 

Guanajuato  D.,  pf .s. 
Iledley  Gold,  g.  .  .  . 
Hinds  Con.,  g.s.c.l.. . 

Kerr  Lake,  s 

T.a  Rose  Con.,  s.  .  . . 

Le  Roi,  Ltd.,  g 

Le  Roi  No.  2.  g 

I.ticky  Tiger-Com.,g, 
McKinlev-Darragh,s 
Mex.Con,  M.&S.  Co. 
Mex.  Mill.&Trans.pf. 
Mines  Co.  of- Am  .  .  . 
\.  Y.  &  Hond.  Ros. 

Nipissing,  s 

N,S.  St.&Coal.com. 
N.S.St.  &  Coal,  pf,. 

Peiloles,  s.l.e 

T'eregrina  M .  »S.-  M.  ,pf . 

Pinguico,  pf.  s 

Rcco,  g,s,l 

Riglitof  WayMincst 

Rio  Plata 

Securities  Corp.,  pf . , 
Silver  Q\ieen,  s. .  .  . 
Temiskaming,  s  .  .  . . 
Tcin.&  Hud.  Buy.s, 
Toziutlan  Copper, . . 

Tilt  Cove,  c 

Trethewey,  s 

Tyee,  c 


Mex  .  . 

Mex  .  . 
B.  C. 
Ont... 
Salv .  . 
Ont... 
Ont... 
B.  C. 
B.  C. 
Ont... 
.Mex .  . 
N.  S.. 
N.  S.. 
Mex.  . 
Mex .  . 
Mex .  . 
B.C., 
.Mex  .  . 
.Mex  .  . 
Mex.  , 
B.C.  , 
Mex.  , 
Out.. 
Ont.. 
B.  C. 

B.  C. 
Mex 
Ont.. 
Mex. 
Mex. 
Mex. 

C.  A. 
Ont.. 
N.  S. 
N.  S. 
Mex. 
Mex. 
Mex  . 
B.  C. 
Ont.. 
Mex. 

Mex. 

Ont.. 

Ont.. 

Ont. . 

Mex  . 

N.  F. 
!Ont.. 
'B.  C. 


Issued. 


9,600 

446,486 

591,709 

1,000,000 

1,50,000 

5,000,000 

800,000 

65,552 

160,000 

1,750,000 

400,000 

150,000 

50,000 

300,000 

1,147,500 

466,000 

135,000 

864,000 

640,000 

10,000 

120,000 

6,000,000 

600,000 

1,498.407 

200,000 

120,000 

715,000 

2,247,692 

240,000 

10,500 

2,000.000 

150.000 

1,200.000 

60.000 

10,300 

80.000 

lO.OnO 

20,000 

985,000 

1,685,500 

373.13' 

2,000 

1 ,500.000 

2,500,000 

7,761 

10.000 

44.500 

1,000,000 

180,000 


Par 

Val 


50 

20 

5 

1 

,85 

1 

5 

100 

25 

1 

5 

100 

100 

0.50 

4.S.- 

4,8." 

100 

10 

5 

100 

10 

1 

5 

6 

26 

26 

10 

1 

10 

100 

1 

10 

5 

100 

100 

25 

100 

100 

1 

1   00 

5,00 

100 

1 
1 
1 

100 

9  72 
1 


Dividends. 


Total  to 

Date. 

$417,070 

t56,870 

236,683 

847,000 

2,764,500 

188,460 

1.400,000 

781,886 

2,058,648 

2,3.86,000 

1,014  S60 

4.l).''(l.llll(l 

4,11111.11(10 

5,430,0011 

7,026,286 

10,342,367 

3,778,630 

6,194,400 

74,250 

244.356 

144,000 

100,000 

2,730,000 

1,827,881 

425,000 

1,004,400 

802,760 

,809,168 

660.000 

65,858 

3.845.000 

2.940,000 

5,025,000 

1,140.279 

721,000 

4,741,6.82 

328.6,56 

420,000 

332,482 

134,810 

140.037 

42.699 

3i6,ooo; 

600,000! 
1,311.6091 


Latest. 


Date. 

'08 

'07 

'07 

■10 


Apr. 
Dec. 
Sept. 

Nov. 


318.620 
471,998 
284.310' 


Aug. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

.\ug, 

Oct. 

Auk. 

Apr. 

.Aug. 

Jan. 

June 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Mar. 

Oct. 

Julv 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Mar. 

Sept . 

Oct. 

Mar. 

Julv 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept . 

.\pr. 

:\lar. 

Oct. 

Oct, 

July 

Dec. 

Jan. 

A\iE. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Auk. 


Amt. 


■101  0 


36 

12i 

40 

03 

17i 

01 

15 

25 

25 

15 

22i 

00 

50 

50 

36 

36 

00 

40 

07 

00 

30 

02 
.50 

10 

48 

48 

05 

05 

25 

00 
.03 

20 

37J 

00 

00 
.00 
.50 
,00 
.02 
.02 

10 
.60 
.03 
.03 

00 
.20 
.•>4 
.10 

63 


tSlnoe   rcorsanlzfttlon.      tPrevIous    to    ,T.in..    1010.    $324,044. 


U.UU.U.U.UVVV.UUVV.U.W.UV.VVWUW.W.W.W.W.UUUUVVVU.V.WWWWUV.U.U 


THE 

tups 


AND 


Efa7r'..-.VruV.Y.Y.i.-fr..T.Y.Y.Y.Y,T7T7VV. 


ENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       \^  E  E  K  L  Y 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  '%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary -%.  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Engminjour,  N.  Y.-  •%  Substriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mtsico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  •%.  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  -%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  •%/  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  go 


NOVEMBER  12,  1910. 


NO.  20 


S)4.1 


94fi 
(140 
■)47 
047 


948 


CtRVVLATlOS    UTATEMEXT 

During     1909     «c     iirinted    and     circulated 
534,.'ino    copies    of    The     Exgixekiiixu     and 

Ml.MNU     .loLIiXAI.. 

Our    circulation    for    October,     1910,     was 
50.r>UO   copits. 

Xovember  5 1 1.000 

Xovember   12 9,.^00 

Xone  sent  free  regularly,  no  back  numbers. 

Fifiiirci    arc   lire,   net   circulation. 


Contents  ' 

Edltoil.Tls  : 

Xpvada  Consolidated 

Ki'porl    of    the    Committee    on     Atomic 

Wciahts    

The  Coppt-r  Statistics  for  Octolier 

Cobspivation  of  Mineral   Lands 

Grade  of  Ore  and   IMice  of  rroduction 

< 'ui-respondi'nce  and   I)iscnssic)n  : 

lOfTect  of  Stopinc  Drill  I'ust  on  the 
Health  ....  I'roposed  Simplilicatiou 
of  the  Cyanide  I'rocess.  ...  Stamp 
Drop  Seciiience  ....  California  till 
I'rlces.  .  .  .Coal    Sline    Disasters 

Iielalls    (if    yractical    Mining: 

•A  Mddilied  S.vsleni  of  Racli  Stopins; 
....  I'ortalile  Houses  ....  *.\  Hard 
Way  10  Lower  Timhers.  .  .  . 'I'iping 
for*  Callow  Cone  Installalions.  .  .  . 
The  I'se  of  Cyanide  'i'ailiniis  for 
Slope  rulings  ....  •Travelin;;  Helt 
fire  Feeder  ....  •Ueinforcing  Steam 
Shovel  Trucks....  Ventilation  for 
Transvaal  Mines  ....  •Method  for 
Sawing  Lumlier.  .  .  .  *.\  Iviln  Charg- 
ing I»evice.  .  .  .  Inlluence  of  Xnnil)er 
of  Templet  Holes  in  Sampling  Copper 

Calamine  at   l.eadville 

Transvaal    Mining   Notes 

\"<l)estos  in  Wyoming //.  C.  Heeler 

■  itnan    Miners'    Insui*ani-e   aiui    Annuity 
l''unds— III...  .  f'l-ci/cn'rA-   //.   Hoffman 

•'I'lte   I'alio   Process I-'red   MaeCiiii 

Manufacture    of    Metallic    Tungsten    anil 
Kerro-'I'ungsten /.,.   U.   rratt 

The     flutlnoli     for     Hydroinetallurgy     of 
Co|M""' Witliaiii    /•;.    (Irei  n'aicalt 

•Mining   M.'thods   Kmployiul  at    Cananea. 
Mex.    -II Morrix  ./.   KUinii 

The  Atomic  Weights 

•Some  of  tlie   Characteristics   of  Ciiilean 

Willis Ilerhert   .1 ,    Uri/rnir 

loryanate  Determination  of  Copi)pr. 

I'.    Tuitkakoski 

I'iant    of   the    Randfontein    Cold    Mining 

Company /.•.    u.    \v,ytnn 

\n  Incident  in  Colliery  lOlectricai  Worl<. 

,,      „     ,   ,     ,  ■lames    .1.    Nea(ier 

I  lie  Coal  Industry  in  Soutli  Wales.  .    ... 

N'W  Natal  Colliery  Adopts  Central  Tower 

Supply      Scheme. 


950 
954 
954 
955 

950 

'.•58 

959 

9G0 

9(i.T 
90G 

9G7 

9r,n 

909 

971 
972 


, ,  l^pectal    Cnrrcftpnndcncc 

lianeer  of  Inrushes  of  Surface  Water.  . 
Hip  t  se  of  Rlack   Ponder  in  Coal  Mines 

Lxtrnctlng  oil    from   Cokp  Smoke 

The  Coal  Industry  in  Sjiain. 
-New     Puhlicnilons.  .  . 


Personal.   Oliituarv   liiid'SocIeWea. 

holtorlal    Correspondence 

>llnln'.r   News. 

Markets    .  .  


'Illustrated. 


972 
97.3 

•174 
975 
975 
!I7<! 
977 
97.S 

9sn 

9.S3 


Nevada  ConsoUdated's  Report 

The  fourth  annual  report  of  the  Nev- 
ada Consolidated  Copper  Company  is  all 
that  a  mining  company's  report  ought  to 
be  and  may  well  be  adopted  as  a  model 
by  other  managements  who  are  desirous 
of  treating  their  stockholders  squarely. 
It  is,  in  fact,  of  a  character  to  excite 
both  envy  and  shame — envy  on  the  part 
of  those  who  are  unable  to  show  such  a 
grand  record  of  success,  and  shame  for 
those  managements  which  continue  to 
make  the  scurvy  reports  that  we  have  so 
often  berated.  In  the  case  of  Nevada 
Consolidated,  moreover,  the  full  data 
presented  may  be  accepted  with  unquali- 
fied belief,  thanks  to  the  esteem  in  which 
Mr.  Yeatman  is  so  properly  held,  and  the 
stockholders  of  this  company,  and  those 
of  the  public  that  may  think  of  becom- 
ing stockholders,  are  consequently  in  a 
position  to  place  a  close  valuation  upon 
its  stock. 

Taking  up  the  most  important  points  of 
this  report,  if  appears  that  the  beginning 
of  the  last  fiscal  year  the  development  of 
ore  amounted  to  30,073,000  tons,  averag- 
ing 1.991  per  cent,  copper.  During  the 
succeeding  12  months  these  reserves 
were  added  to  by  14,500,555  tons,  averag- 
ing 1.28  per  cent.  These  figures  repre- 
sent the  original  orebodies,  out  of  which 
3,421,275  tons,  averaging  2.153  per  cent, 
have  already  been  mined,  and  791,457 
tons  are  estimated  as  unpayable  on  ac- 
count of  slopes,  i.e.,  in  order  to  mine  if 
too  great  a  proportion  of  barren  ground 
would  have  to  be  removed.  The  ore- 
bodies  have  now  been  practically  de- 
limited. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  ore  added 


during  the  last  12  months  has  been  of 
much  lower  grade  than  previously  and 
obviously  represents  in  chief  the  deeper 
part  of  the  deposit.  The  copper  will  not 
be  produced  from  this  ore  at  so  low  a 
cost  as  at  present,  but  it  will  be  the  last 
ore  to  be  mined,  and  what  improvements 
in  methods  may  come  to  pass  before  the 
end  of  10  years  no  one  can  foretell. 
However,  it  is  fully  to  be  recognized  that 
Nevada  Consolidated  is  now  producing 
its  cheapest  copper,  for  although  the 
Ruth  and  Veteran  orebodies  are  of  ma- 
terially higher  grade  than  the  Eureka, 
their  costs  will  be  more  than  proportion- 
ately higher.  Moreover,  the  Eureka  mine 
itself  has  heretofore  been  producing 
from  its  best  ore. 

It  is  doubtful  if  Mr.  Yeatman  has  in- 
cluded the  Veteran  orebody  in  his  latest 
estimate.  By  comparison  with  his  last 
previous  report  it  appears  to  be  omitted. 
In  that  previous  report  the  Ruth  ore- 
body  was  put  down  at  8,000,000  tons. 
Estimating  it  at  2'j  per  cent,  copper, 
we  reckon  that  the  remains  of  the  Eu- 
reka-Hecla-Liberty  orebody  are  18,651,- 
725  tons,  averaging  about  1.67  per  cent, 
cnpper  and  14,500,555  tons  averaging 
1.28  per  cent.  The  average  grade  of  the 
ore  mined  from  the  Eureka  pit  in  1909-10 
was  2.06  per  cent,  copper,  against  2.34 
per  cent,  in  the  previous  year  and  it  is 
to  be  expected  that  the  general  tendency 
in  this  particular  will  be  downward. 

To  what  extent  will  economies  in  pro- 
duction costs  offset  the  diminution  in  ore 
grade?  In  1908-09  on  the  treatment  of 
1,065,387  tons  of  ore,  yielding  34,527,823 
lb.  of  copper,  the  cost  per  pound  of  cop- 
per was  7.47c.;  in  1909-10.  the  treatment 
of  2,237,028  tons,  yielding  62,772,342  lb., 


946 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


gave  an  average  cost  of  7.05c.  This  re- 
duction upon  a  lower  grade  of  ore  is  of 
course,  to  be  attributed  chiefly  to  the 
operation  of  the  plant  at  full  capacity, 
with  all  the  initial  wrinkles  smoothed  out. 
Some  further  economies  are  forecasted, 
but  considering  that  physical  conditions 
will  gradually  become  more  unfavorable 
and  that  the  item  of  repairs  and  renew- 
als will  tend  to  increase,  it  seems  to  us 
to  be  wholly  improbable  that  production- 
cost  will  continue  to  decrease  with  the 
grade  of  the  ore. 

Before  going  further,  however,  we 
must  refer  to  the  methods  of  the  auditor 
in  determining  the  costs.  Let  us  make 
haste  to  say  that  his  statements  impress 
us  as  showing  the  real  costs,  and  all  of 
them,  without  any  attempt  to  befuddle  by 
deferred  charges,  transferrals  to  capital 
account,  etc.  The  cost  of  mining  ore  in 
1909-10  was  15.4c.  per  ton,  and  an  addi- 
tional charge  of  15c.  is  made  to  cover 
stripping,  these  figures  including  repairs 
and  renewals,  proportion  of  general  ex- 
pense, etc.,  while  the  charge  for  remov- 
ing overburden  includes  not  merely  that 
overlying  the  ore,  but  also  all  that  must 
be  removed  to  extract  the  ore.  The  aud- 
itor's statement  shows  mining  cost  of  32c. 
per  ton  of  ore;  freight,  27c.;  milling, 
62c.;  a  total  of  #1.21  for  these  items. 
Smelting  cost  So. 29  per  ton  of  concen- 
trates, this  evidently  being  direct  operat- 
ing expense.  A  charge  of  S4.92  per  ton 
is  made  for  the  use  of  the  Steptoe  plant, 
which  stands  at  S8,005,024.  The  Steptoe 
subsidiary  company  set  aside  $394,628 
for  depreciation  reserve  (an  unusual  and 
commendable  practice)  evidently  comput- 
ed on  basis  of  5  per  cent.,  and  $41,852 
for  repairs  and  renewals,  and  finally  re- 
paid to  the  parent  company  $627,385  in 
dividends,  wherefore  the  actual  cost  of 
the  use  of  the  Steptoe  plant  was  only 
S1.95  per  ton  of  concentrates.  Inasmuch 
as  the  outlay  for  the  Steptoe  plant 
figures  in  the  capital  stock  of  Nevada 
Consolidated,  a  lower  amortization  of  the 
latter  than  is  otherwise  necessary  tria'- 
conservatively  be  reckoned.  Freight  on 
blister  copper  and  refining  of  same  cost 
1.57c.  per  lb.,  which  seems  to  allow  an 
extraordinarily  large  profit  to  the  refiner, 
while  the  selling  commission  of  1  per 
cent,  is  as  high  as  anything  going  nowa- 
days. The  cost  per  pound  of  copper 
computed  on  basis  of  operating  expense 
as  reported  was  9.77c.  The  proceeds 
from  gold  and  silver,  plus  dividends  from 


Steptoe  company  and  Nevada  Northern 
railway,  less  interest  on  outstanding 
bonds  and  maintenance  of  Cumberland- 
Ely  were  2.72c.  per  lb.  of  copper,  making 
the  net  cost  of  the  latter  7.05c. 

Now  how  will  these  data  apply  to  ore 
averaging  only  1.67  per  cent,  and  1.28 
per  cent,  copper,  giving  extractions  of 
22.7  and  17.4  lb.  respectively,  against  the 
28  lb.  of  last  year.  We  may  assume  min- 
ing, transportation  and  milling  to  remain 
unchanged  per  ton  of  ore;  also  smelting, 
inasmuch  as  it  does  not  appear  that  the 
lower  grade  of  ore,  higher  in  chalcopy- 
rile,  will  give  any  higher  ratio  of  concen- 
tration. Consequently  we  may  expect 
these  costs,  amounting  to  about  $2  per 
ton  of  ore  and  representing  about  7.14c. 
per  lb.  of  copper  at  present  (offsets  not 
figured),  to  become  respectively  about 
8.80  and  11.44,  being  increases  of  1.66 
and  4.30c.  Assuming  credits  for  gold 
and  silver,  railway  earnings,  etc.,  to  con- 
tinue as  at  present,  we  should  look  for 
a  production  cost  of  8j/2@834c.  per  lb. 
in  working  up  the  1.67-per  cent,  ore,  and 
something  like  ll(?7l2c.  on  the  1.28-per 
cent.  Lest  these  figures  be  erroneously 
compared  with  those  of  other  producers, 
it  must  be  remarked  once  more  that  they 
include  an  allowance  for  the  extinguish- 
ment of  the  company's  large  investment  in 
plant.  The  richer  ore  of  the  Ruth  mine 
is  hardly  to  be  expected  to  yield  copper 
at  less  than  8'l.c.,  in  view  of  the  higher 
mining  expense  that  it  will  necessarily 
incur. 

The  company's  milling  capacity  is 
close  to  3,000,000  tons  per  annum.  In 
1909-10  the  amount  treated  was  2,237,028 
tons,  the  monthly  figures  ranging  from 
120,782  tons  in  January,  to  242,847  tons 
in  .July.  Production  was  restricted  by 
cold-weather  difficulties  during  the  winter 
months,  and  in  order  to  improve  market 
conditions  since  July.  Adversities  of  one 
kind  or  another  are  always  likely  to  hap- 
pen and  must  be  given  allowance.  If 
we  estimate  Nevada  Consolidated's  an- 
nual ore  treatment  at  an  average  of 
2,500,000  tons  with  its  present  -plant,  we 
shall  be  sufficiently  liberal.  Upon  this 
basis  the  reserves  of  the  Ruth  mine  and 
of  the  better  grade  of  ore  in  the  Eureka- 
Hecla-Liberty  will  be  worked  out  in  10  or 
11  years;  'he  lower  grade  of  ore  wi!l 
last  for  about  six  years  longer. 

In  attempting  a  valuation  of  the  com- 
pany's stock  upon  the  data  given,  it  must 
be  remembered  that  the  company  has  al- 


ready accumulated  a  surplus  of  quick  as- 
sets amounting  to  $2,633,617  and  an 
amortization  fund  for  the  Steptoe  works 
amounting  to  $495,195,  which,  if  swelled 
annually  by  5  per  cent,  of  the  cost  of 
those  works,  should  extinguish  their  cost 
in  less  than  20  years,  and  finally  there  is 
the  Nevada  Northern  railway,  whereof 
the  finances  are  not  disclosed  in  this  re- 
port. 


Report    of  the  Committee  on 
Atomic  Weights 


The  International  Committee  on 
Atomic  Weights,  1911,  has  made  its  an- 
nual report,  the  accepted  tables  being 
printed  elsewhere  in  the  Journal.  There 
are  several  changes,  lithium  (from  7.00 
to  6.94)  being  the  most  striking.  The 
changes  represent  the  result  of  a  year's 
work  with  improved  apparatus,  new  and 
better  chemical  methods,  and,  possibly, 
more  careful  manipulation. 

However,  such  a  revision  as  in  the 
case  of  lithium  leads  to  the  question  of 
how  far  long  strings  of  significant  figures 
in  chemical  analyses  are  justified.  Last 
year,  for  instance,  with  Li  =  7,  P  r=  31, 
and  0—16,  we  should  have  calculated 
Li:;PO<  as  containing  18.103  per  cent, 
lithium;  this  year  with  Li  =:  6.94,  P  = 
31.04,  and  O  =  16,  Li^PO.  contains  only 
17.97  per  cent,  of  lithium.  No  further 
comment  than  the  figures  seems  needed 
on  the  practice  of  using  several  signifi- 
cant decimal  places  on  any  except  the 
very  commonest  elements  when  they  are 
determined  in  other  than  elemental  form. 


The  Copper  Statistics  for  October 


The  report  of  the  Copper  Producers' 
Association  for  October  may  be  taken 
favorably  or  unfavorably,  largely  accord- 
ing to  the  state  of  the  liver  of  the  critic. 
At  first  sight  the  reduction  of  9,531,600 
Ih.  in  the  American  accumulation  is  sat- 
isfactory. The  continuance  of  the  large 
deliveries,  both  foreign  and  domestic,  is 
also  satisfactory,  although  pessimists  will 
say  that  some  of  this  copper  undoubtedly 
went  into  invisible  stocks.  Unsatisfactory, 
however,  was  the  increase  in  the  daily 
rate  of  production  from  3,986,660  lb.  in 
September  to  4,079,650  lb.  in  October. 

For  our  own  part  we  were  agreeably 
surprised  by  the  October  report,  our  mind 
having   been    fully   prepared    for  an  urt- 


November  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


947 


favorable  showing  as  to  the  accumula- 
tion. Although  we  confess  to  a  disap- 
pointment with  respect  to  the  production, 
upon  the  whole  we  consider  the  October 
statistics  to  be  satisfactory  and  favorable. 
The  increase  in  the  rate  of  production 
means  either  that  the  August  curtailment 
of  the  smelters  has  not  become  manifest 
in  the  refinery  statistics  as  soon  as  ex- 
pected, or  else  that  the  refiners  had  more 
crude  copper  in  stock  than  was  supposed. 
Both  of  these  things  were  probably  true. 
The  smelters'  statistics  since  July  have 
shown  substantial  decreases,  and  sooner 
or  later  the  refiners'  must  do  the  same. 

The  really  good  thing  about  the  October 
statistics  is  that  the  total  stocks  reported 
for  Europe  and  America  decreased  by 
22,747,600  lb.  If  that  rate  of  decrease  be 
maintained,  the  rosiest  anticipation  of 
sensible  observers  will  be  fulfilled. 


Conservation  of  Mineral   Lands 


The  address  of  the  President  before  the 
National  Conservation  Congress,  which 
we  published  recently  in  cxtcnso  so  far 
as  his  remarks  respecting  mineral  lands 
went,  displays  great  rationality  of  thought 
and  lucidity  of  expression.  It  is  obvious 
that  the  President  has  had  the  benefit  of 
excellent  professional  advice,  which  he 
has  assimilated  thoroughly.  To  his  ideas 
respecting  the  coal,  oil  and  gas,  and  phos- 
phate lands  that  still  remain  the  property 
of  the  nation  we  give  our  approval,  al- 
most unqualified. 

We  are  unable,  however,  to  agree  to 
the  proposal  that  the  law  of  the  apex, 
applying  to  metalliferous  deposits,  should 
remain  unchanged.  The  President  admits 
that  this  law  had  led  to  much  litigation, 
and  ought  not  to  have  been  the  law,  but 
he  thinks  that  it  is  now  so  fixed  that  the 
benefit  to  be  gained  by  a  change  is  out- 
weighed by  the  inconvenience  that  would 
attend  the  introduction  of  a  new  system, 
and  he  thinks  after  all  that  the  mineral 
land  laws  have  worked  fairly  on  the 
whole. 

In  fact,  the  law  of  the  apex  has  been 
abolished  by  common  consent  in  many  of 
the  important  mining  districts  of  the  West, 
for  the  simple  reason  that  it  is  unwork- 
able. In  some  cases,  as  at  Leadville,  this 
conclusion  was  reached  after  extraordi- 
narily costly  litigation,  upon  which  law- 
yers fattened;  in  other  cases  the  law  of 
the  apex  was  practically  nullified  by  con- 


solidation of  all  interests,  as  at  Butte;  in 
other  cases  it  was  fortunately  discarded 
at  the  beginning,  as  at  Ely.  The  result 
is  that  in  such  important  mining  districts 
as  Bisbee,  Globe,  Clifton,  Bingham,  Ely 
and  Leadville  we  have  at  the  present  time 
in  practical  operation  the  simple  custom 
of  side  line  property  rights  which  has 
prevailed  from  the  beginning  at  Lake  Su- 
perior and  has  relieved  that  happy  min- 
ing district  from  the  incubus  of  dispute 
and  litigation.  The  idea  that  the  law  of 
the  apex  cannot  conveniently  be  changed 
is,  therefore,  a  theory  that  is  confronted 
by  the  condition  that  it  has  been  changed 
in  many  cases  by  common  consent  and 
without  inconvenience. 

The  President  and  James  J.  Hill,  at 
the  same  meeting,  called  a  halt  to  the 
emotional  rhapsodies  that  have  been 
brought  forth  about  conservation  and  de- 
precated the  agitation  in  favor  of  the 
Federal  Government  assuming  enterprises 
that  should  be  undertaken  by  the  States, 
or  by  private  capital.  Mr.  Hill,  as  usual, 
was  highly  sensible.  We  are  bound  to 
agree  with  him  that  there  has  been  much 
foolish  talk  about  conservation,  and  that 
what  is  especially  needed  is  economy  in 
the  use  of  our  natural  resources.  He 
said  properly  that  output  is  determined, 
not  by  the  producer,  but  by  the  consumer, 
and  that  the  withdrawal  of  resources 
tends  to  increase  the  price  to  the  con- 
sumer. "Conservation  does  not  mean 
forbidding  access  to  resources  that  could 
be  made  available  for  present  use,"  said 
he.  "It  means  the  freest  and  largest  de- 
velopment of  them  consistent  with  the 
public  interest  and  without  waste."  This 
certainly  expresses  a  sound  economic 
principle. 


Grade    of   Ore   and   Price  of 
Product 

In  the  Journal  of  Sept.  10  we  referred 
to  the  idea  of  considerable  prevalence 
that  in  times  of  high  prices  it  is  best  to 
mine  the  lower  grades  of  ore,  saving  the 
higher  grades  for  hard  times.  By  a  coin- 
cidence, our  London  correspondent,  who 
is  a  mining  engineer  of  note,  referred 
to  the  same  matter  in discussingthe affairs 
of  the  Dolcoath  mine. 

The  policy  of  this  Cornish  tin-mining 
company  has  been  to  produce  less  metal 
when  the  price  for  tin  is  high,  and  more 
when   it   is   low.   the   idea   being   that  the 


company  shall  always  show  a  profit,  what- 
ever the  price  of  tin  may  be. 

Our  London  correspondent  character- 
izes this  as  an  unsound  policy,  saying 
that  it  would  be  better  for  the  share- 
holder to  have  good  ore  worked  when  the 
price  rules  high,  not  only  because  more 
money  would  be  obtained  for  the  tin, 
but  also  because  the  profit  in  the  mine 
would  be  more  quickly  turned  into  cash. 
Moreover,  the  interests  of  the  community 
would  be  better  served.  Insofar  as  divi- 
dends are  concerned,  if  there  should  be 
periods  when  no  profit  could  be  shown, 
they  could  be  easily  tided  over  by  ac- 
cumulating a  cash  reserve  in  times  of 
large  profits,  out  of  which  dividends  could 
be  paid  during  the  periods  of  low  re- 
turns. 

Applying  the  same  principles  to  copper 
production,  we  should  have  seen  a  great- 
ly increasing  production  when  the  price 
for  that  metal  rose  to  25c.  per  lb.,  and, 
latterly,  perhaps,  a  diminishing  produc- 
tion instead  of  the  steady  increase  that 
has  disturbed  this  business  during  the 
last  two  years. 


The  signs  that  v.e  are  going  to  have 
a  rejuvenation  of  the  scheme  for  a  gen- 
eral copper  consolidation  multiply  every 
day.  The  beggars  are  steadily  marching 
to  town;  some  in  rags,  some  in  tags,  and 
some  in  velvet  gowns.  Those  who  are 
in  rags  and  tags  are  eager  to  exchange 
the  loads  that  they  have  been  lugging 
for  some  valuable  loot,  while  the  wear- 
ers of  velvet  gowns  are  too  impatient  to 
wait  for  the  dividends  from  the  good  and 
noble  mines  and  would  rather  have 
railway  bonds,  etc.  If  the  Supreme 
Court  makes  a  decision  of  the  monopoly 
cases  that  will  be  otherwise  than  abso- 
lutely adverse  to  combinations  the  gates 
of  the  town  will  be  open. 


The  Granby  company,  having  pur- 
chased a  new  mine  in  British  Columbia, 
is  entering  upon  the  policy  of  replacing  a 
moribund  property  by  a  new  one.  The 
chief  question  in  such  cases  is:  Will  the 
first  gamble  be  successful?  Stockhold- 
ers are  seldom  asked  if  they  desire  to 
have  the  company  risk  its  money  in  a 
new  and  entirely  foreign  venture;  or  if 
they  would  not  prefer  to  liquidate  the  old 
one.  But,  of  course,  they  can  sell  out, 
i.e.,  if  they  are  lucky  enough  to  find  a 
market. 


948 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


Effect  of  Sloping  Drill   Dust  on 
the  Health 

I  see  an  inquiry  in  the  Journal  as  to 
the  reason  why  the  dust  made  by  a  stop- 
ing  drill  has  such  a  bad  effect  on  the 
lungs  of  the  miner  whereas  the  dust  in 
a  mill  does  not  seem  to  be  injurious 
to  the  mill  man.  I  have  noticed  this  my- 
self, and  have  also  had  trouble  with  the 
dust  from  the  stoping  drill  getting  in 
my  eyes,  which  marks  in  another  way  the 
difference  between  the  two  dusts.  The 
cause  lies  in  the  different  natures  of  the 
two  dusts.  The  mill  dust  is  composed 
of  very  fine  particles;  otherwise  they 
could  not  float  in  the  air.  The  dust  made 
by  the  drill  contains  all-sized  particles 
from  coarse  sand  to  the  finest  dust,  but 
contains  a  large  proportion  of  sand,  with 
sharp  corners  and  edges.  As  I  am  not  a 
doctor  I  will  not  try  to  describe  the  ac- 
tion of  these  grains  of  rock  on  the  lungs, 
but  they  cannot  take  care  of  them  the 
way  they  can  of  fine  dust,  which,  mixed 
with  water,  is  nothing  but  slimes.  The 
final  effect  of  too  many  of  these  sharp 
grains  in  the  lungs  is  well  known  to 
miners  where  stoping  drills  are  much 
used. 

If  an  arrangement  could  be  used  by 
the  miner  which  would  keep  these  coarse 
grains  out  of  his  system  he  would  not 
be  subject  to  miner's  consumption. 
Where  he  finds  he  is  obliged  to  breathe 
in  much  drill  dust  it  would  be  well  to 
tie  a  handkerchief  about  the  mouth  and 
nose  to  keep  out  the  coarse  particles. 
Another  Miner. 

Sombrerete,  Zac,  Mexico,  Oct.  27, 
1910. 


[While  it  seems  to  be  the  case  that  the 
angular  drill  dust  is  worse  to  breathe 
than  is  mill  dust,  yet  the  latter  is  severe 
also  on  its  breathers,  and  dry-crushing 
establishments  often  spend  considerable 
sums  to  mitigate  this  evil,  not  alone  on 
account  of  loss  of  metal,  but  also  on 
account  of  sanitary  considerations.  There 
have,  undoubtedly,  been  cases  where  the 
lives  of  the  millmen  have  been  shortened 
markedly  by  inhaling  dust,  even  where  no 
poisonous  elements  were  contained  in  the 
ore.  It  seems  possible  that  there  may 
be  a  greater  density  of  dust  particles 
per  cubic  inch  in  a  mine,  owing  to  poorer 
ventilation  and  small  spaces,  which  with 
the  greater  angularity  and  size  of  the 
particles  may  cause  disease  to  develop 
with  greater  rapidity  among  miners,  but 
millmen  are  not  immune  even  with  the 
finer  dust. — Editor] 


Proposed  Simplification  of  the 
Cyanide  Process 

Bruno  Mierisch  in  the  Journal  of 
June  25,  1910,  outlines  two  simplified 
schemes  of  cyanide  treatment,  which,  so 
far  as  I  know,  have  never  been  tried  in 
practice.  They  seem  to  me,  however,  to 
offer  theoretical  advantages  of  sufficient 
promise  to  encourage  their  trial  on  a 
practical  scale. 

The  reasons  why  metallurgists  re- 
sponsible for  the  successful  operation  of 
new  plants  do  not  follow  the  proposed 
simplifications  are:  (1)  A  sufficient 
wash  cannot  be  secured  by  passing  three 
precipitated  cyanide  washes  of  0.7  ton 
each  and  one  water  wash  of  0.5  ton 
through  each  ton  of  50  per  cent,  solution 
pulp;  (2)  an  unnecessary  increase  i;'. 
the  number  of  zinc  boxes,  and  an  in- 
creased cost  for  precipitation  would  re- 
sult; (3)  loss  of  cyanide  would  be  ex- 
cessive; (4)  no  additional  profit  per  ton 
of  ore  treated  would  result. 

Results  at  oolden  Star  Mill 
To  back  my  reasoning,  I  cite  conditions 
at  the  Golden  Star  Mining  and  Milling 
Company's  mill,  at  Polaris,  Ariz.,  when  I 
started  it  in  August,  1910.  No  ore  con- 
taining less  than  S25  per  ton  went  into 
the  mill,  and  it  often  carried  from  2  to 
4  oz.  of  gold  per  ton.  Extraction  aver- 
aged about  95  per  cent.  All  the  ore 
was  slimed,  in  a  4-lb.  cyanide  solution, 
in  a  silex-lined  Abbe  tube  mill.  The 
solution  contained  from  two  to  four 
pounds  of  lime  per  ton.  The  average 
loss  of  cyanide  was  2.23  lb.  per  ton  uf 
ore  treated,  and  the  solution  of  gold  was 
fairly  complete  by  the  time  a  Pachuca 
tank  was  filled. 

Results   of   Washing    by    the    Crosse 
Method 

With  a  50  per  cent,  pulp,  each  ton  of 
solution  entering  the  Pachuca  tanks  from 
the  tube  mill  would  have  contained  at 
least  $30  of  dissolved  gold.  Had  this 
pulp  entered  a  Crosse-Pachuca  tank 
filled  with  cyanide  solution  each  ton  of 
pulp  would  have  displaced  0.7  ton  of 
solution,  which  after  passing  the  respec- 
tive zinc  boxes,  would  have  flowed  suc- 
cessively through  tanks  Nos.  2,  3  and  4 
of  the  flow  sheet  designated  as  "A"  in 
Mr.  Mierisch's  article.  Washing  by  the 
Crosse  method  (assuming  a  complete 
mixing  of  original  solution  and  wash,  as 
the  pulp  in  the  inner  cone  is  in  agita- 
tion), with  a  precipitated  solution  car- 
rying   10c.    per   ton    dissolved    gold,    the 


value  of  the  solution  issuing  from  the 
filling  tanks  would  be  312.50;  from  tank 
No.  2,  S5.25;  from  tank  No.  3,  S2.23; 
from  tank  No.  4,  SI ;  and  after  applica- 
tion of  the  water  wash,  $0.50. 

It  is  immaterial  whether  the  solutions 
issuing  are  assumed  to  come  from  the 
successive  tanks,  or  from  the  same  tank 
on  successive  days.  The  value  of  the 
solution  issuing  from  tank  No.  5  is  also 
the  value  of  the  remaining  solution  run 
to  waste,  with  the  pulp.  The  increased 
loss  in  cyanide  would  be  0.88  lb.,  repre- 
senting an  additional  cost  of  22c.  There 
is  also  a  loss  in  lime.  A  larger  volume 
of  cyanide  wash  could  be  given,  but  the 
average  cost  of  precipitating  gold  from 
a   ton  of  solution  is  3.36   cents'. 

Comparison  with  Filtration  Results 

The  cost  of  filtering  a  ton  of  slime 
with  the  Butters  box,  treating  4000  tons 
per  month  is  10.74c.^  Amortization  of 
Butters  plant,  assuming  a  life  of  five 
years  for  the  mine,  will  not  exceed  6c. 
per  ton  treated.  Loss  of  dissolved  gold 
need  not  exceed  3c.  per  ton  of  original 
ore. 

COJIPARISON  OF  LOSSES  AND  EXPENSES 

OF   CYANIDE    METHODS. 

Proposkd  Simplification'  of  Cyanide 

Process. 

Run  to  waste  in  pulp,  per  ton  of  ore.  .  .i^O.oO 

Increased    loss    of    cvanide,    0.S8    lb.  fa^ 

L'."ic.  pel-  11) 0.22 

Precipitation    of   3. 58    tons   of   solution 
@  3.3GC.  per  ton  of  ore 0.12 

Total $0.84 

Filtration   Methods. 

Filtration  piT  ton  of  ore .$0.1074 

Amorlizatiim   of  plant 0.06 

I..ISS  i.f  dissolved  sold 0.03 

Precipitation    of   2.(1    tons   solution    @ 

3.3Gc 0.087 

Total $0.2S44 

As  shown  in  the  tabulation  the  increased 
loss  and  expense  by  the  proposed  sim- 
plification is  55c.  per  ton  treated,  and  the 
loss  would  generally  be  greater,  due  to 
the  fact  that  the  gold  usually  goes  into 
solution  more  slowly. 

A  New  Suggestion 

A  satisfactory  method  would  be:  To  ' 
dilute  the  pulp  running  into  the  Pachuca 
tanks  to,  two  of  solutions  to  one  of  dry 
pulp;  agitate,  settle,  and  decant;  add 
precipitated  solution;  agitate,  settle  and 
decant;  run  the  pulp  to  an  Oliver  contin- 
uous filter,  which  treats  pulp  at  a  work- 
ing cost  of  12.23c.'  per  ton.     One  man 

i-'Cyaniding  Cold  and  Sliver  Ores,"  .Tnlian 
and    Smart.    ]>.    3(12,    old    edition. 

■-rho  Filtration  of  Slime  In-  the  RutterS 
:Me11iod."  K.  M.  ITarallton,  Miii.  ami  Roc 
/'rc.v.v.  .Tune  22.   tnoo. 

""Cyanide  Plant  Practice  nt  (lie  MInas  de 
Ta  in."  Ceorjre  'I'weedv  and  Unirer  L.  Reals, 
Hull..   A.   I.   M.   F,..   February,   1!)10. 


November  12,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


949 


can  attend  to  the  filter,  tanks  and  decah- 
tations.  No  additional  tanks  would  be 
required,  as  solution  of  gold  goes  on  dur- 
ing settlement,  decantation  and  filtra- 
tion. 
I  Dana   G.    Putman. 

Tuquerres,  Colombia,  S.  A.,  Sept.    15, 
1910. 


if  the  ore  is  fed   at  the  middle   of  the 
mortar,  as  is  usual. 

Henry  S.  Munroe. 
Columbia   University,   New  York,   Oct. 
20,   1910. 


California  Oil  Prices 


Stamp  Drop  Sequence 


I  have  just  made  a  diagram,  to  illus- 
trate for  my  students  the  question  of  the 
best  order  of  dropping  stamps  in  a  bat- 
tery. This  may  be  of  interest  to  read- 
ers of  the  Journal. 

In  the  diagram,  columns  A,B,C  and  D 
are  modifications  of  the  "California" 
1-4-2-3-5  order  of  dropping,  and  columns 
£  and  F  are  the  "Homestake"  order  1-3- 


The  Journal  of  Oct.  29,  1910,  reports 
the  price  of  crude  oil  at  points  around 
San  Francisco  at  60c.  per  bbl.  and  30c. 
at  the  wells.  The  San  Francisco 
harbor  commissioners  recently  awarded 
the  contract  for  their  fuel  oil  at  85c.  per 
bbl.  to  the  Union-Independent  Agency. 

A  Los  Angeles  despatch  to  the  Cali- 
fornia Oil  World  dated  Oct.  26,  gives  the 
following: 

"The  Agency  price  for  September, 
after  deducting  10  per  cent,  due  the 
Union  and  '/^c.  per  bbl.,  which  goes 
to  the  Agency,  is  43.98c.  per  bbl.  Against 


been  able  to  bring  together  the  follow- 
ing list,  which,  however,  I  have  reason 
to  believe  is  not  entirely  complete.  I 
have  drawn  the  line  at  10  lives  lost,  but 
I,  of  course,  am  particularly  interested 
in  disasters  causing  a  considerable   loss 


CHKONOLOGICAL     LIST     OF     PRINCIPAL 

COAL  MINE  DI.SASTERS  I\  NOKTH 

A.MEIIICA. 


Order  of  Stamp  Drop 


A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

14  2  3  5 

15  3  2  4 

16  2  4  3 

13  4  2  5 

13  5  2  4 

14  2  5  3 

1^        / 
\        4 

1 

vN.          5 

1 
C-"       ,  5 

^-3^/ 

^-V 

\-    \' 

S'"/  \ 

A' 

2.\  ^ 
1     '''j\ 

^^  3  -  ' 
2:  N  ^ 

2^  / 

w> 

20  N 

2-7  \ 

2^    / 

W;4 

2;  A 

2'    A 

><> 

\-A 

2:  ;\ 

2 

IK  ■' 

Tilt  i:n!/im4ring  4  JUinlnfj  Journal 

Effect  of  Varying  Stamp-drop  Sequences 


5-2-4  and  the  same  reversed.  The  re- 
sulting wave  movements  in  the  mortar 
are  indicated  by  arrows.  Where  the 
movement  of  the  material  is  prevented  by 
an  adjoining  or  near-by  stamp  this  is  in- 
dicated by  a  broken  line.  The  "Califor- 
nia" order  is  said  to  give  a  more  uniform 
distribution  of  feed,  the  "Homestake" 
tending  to  crowd  the  ore  to  one  end  of  the 
mortar,  requiring  that  the  end  stamp 
shall  have  a  longer  drop.  In  columns  E 
and  F  it  is  apparent  that  the  interference 
spoken  of  above  has  much  to  do  with  the 
crowding  of  the  ore  at  one  end  of  the 
mortar. 

In  columns  B  and  D  it  will  be  seen  that 
effective  waves  are  started  toward  each 
end  by  the  middle  stamp  3,  which  is  fol- 
lowed immediately  by  the  adjoining 
stamps  2  and  4.  Either  of  these  two  or- 
'ders  of  drop   should   prove   satisfactory 


Yeur. 


Sept. 
March  29 


Date. 


this  is  a  charge  of  7.8c.  per  bbl.  sold  to 
cover  total  expense  of  storage,  leaving 
the  settlement  price  36.18,  about  Ic. 
above  August  and  l.I8c.  more  than  the 
guaranteed  certificate  price.  This  re- 
leases the  oil  in  storage  from  any  further 
charges  on  that  account,  leaving  it  clear. 
Deliveries  for  the  month  were  750,000 
barrels." 

Oil  Producer. 
Bakersfield,  Cal..  Nov.  4,  1910. 


Coal  Mine  Disasters 

In  connection  with  an  extended  in- 
quiry into  coal-mining  accidents,  I  am 
anxious  to  obtain  as  complete  a  list  as 
possible  of  all  the  important  disasters 
which  have  occurred  in  coal  mining  in 
this  countrv.     With  much  labor,  I  have 


1869 
1873 
18S0 
1880 
1SS3 
1883 
1881 
1884 
188-1 
1884 
ISS.'J 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1893 
1893 
1894 
1896 
1890 
1896 

1899 
1899 
1899 
1899 
1899 
1900 
1990 
1900 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1902 

1902 
1902 
1902 
1902 
1902 
1902 
1903 
1903 
1903 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
190.T 
1905 
190.5 
190.T 
lOO'i 
.  19U3 
1906 
1906 

1906 
1906 
1906 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 

1907 

lyos 

190S 

r.ios 

191  IS 
19119 
1909 

1909 
1910 
1910 
1910 
1910 
1910 


Feb. 
Nov. 
Jan. 
Feb. 


Name  of  Mine,  or  Ix)caU- 
ly  and  State. 


.March  13 


May 

.lune 

Jan. 

Feb. 

July 

Jan. 

Feb.- 

Feb. 

March  23 

June    28 


Avoiulale.  Penn 

Druniinond,  N.  S 

lUi-hliill,  Mo 

Fort  Pilt,  N.  S 

lti"ai(lwood.  Ill 

Ki'tlU-  Creek.  Penn 

Cnslc-d  Putte,  Colo 

West   Ij'iseinK.  Penn 

Porahontas  .Mine.  W.Va, 

JohnsiDwn  Mine.  Penn.  . 

Mcnf.iHi  Mine.  N.  S 

_     .\shli-v  Mine.  Penn 

16|Ilill  Farm  Mine.  Penn.... 

27|Mauuuoth  Mine.  Penn.... 

21  SnrinK  Hill.  N.  S 

23, York  Farm  Mine,  Penn 

10 

13 

18 


June 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 

.March 

May 

Nov. 

Feb 

March 

May 

June 

Sept. 

:Jan. 


Jan. 
i.May 
Mav 
(July 

.\Uff. 

.Sept. 

Jan. 
'julv 

Nov. 
IJan. 
I  April 

Apnl 

Dec. 

.Jan. 
Ijan. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Mar.l8-W 
j April      3 

Jan.        4 

Jan.      18 


Como,  Colo 

Cayland,    Penn 

Vulcan  Mine,  Colo 

lierwind  Mine.  Penn..  .  . 

Twin  Shaft  Mine,  Pitts- 
ton,  Penn 

lejCaledonia  Mine,  N.  S 

iniCurliouado  Mine,  Wash  . 
23  Urazi-lla  .Mine,  Penn. .  .  , 
23  Suiuner  Mine.  Penn 

North  Carolina 

Red  Ash  Mine.  W.  Va... 

1  .Si-hofiold,  I'tah 

Herrvburg,  \V.  Va 

\h  Union  .Mine  No.  6,  B.  C. 

2  Diamond  Mine.  Wyo 

l-'i  Chatham.  \V.  Va 

10  I'lirl  Uoyal  Mine.  Penn  . 
311  Kxlen-sion  Mine.  B.  C. .  . 
14iMilbv   and    Dowe   Mine 

l.t 

2.'i!lx)st  Creek  Mine,  la  .. . . 

19  Fratcrville,  Tenn 

22  Feriiia  Mine,  B.  C 


Lives 

IX)St. 


.Johnstown,  Penn 
Howen  No.  3  Mine,  Colo. 

.\lgonia,  W.  Va 

Piiiuero,  Colo 

Hanna,  Wy 

2l'Ferg\i.son  Mine,  Penn 

2.')|llarwick  Mine,  Penn. . .  . 

3|7,ieKler.  HI 

23  Kleanora  Shjft,  Penn — 
1'  Diamond  Mine,  Wyo.. .  - 

l!lUu.-li.-l(ls.  W    Va 

IS  P.iiithi-r  Creek.  W.  Va... 


20 


Feb.  8 
March  22 

April  21 
iJan 


Jan. 
iJan. 

Feb. 
i.May 

Dec. 

Dec. 

'dcc. 
-Ian. 
May 

Auc. 
Nov. 
-Ian. 
I  Nov. 

!  Dec. 

iJan. 
Feb. 
April 
April 
May 


\irfc:iiiia  City.  .-Ma. 

Welch.  W.  Va 

liusli  Hun,  W.  Va 

Zieiiler.  Ill 

Coaldalc,  W.  Va   . 
Detroit  &  Kanawha,  W. 

Va 

Parrall  Mine,  W.  Va. . . 

Century,  W.  Va 

Trinidad,  Colo 

Priiuero,  Colo 

Pence  Mine.  W.  Va. .  . . 

Stuart,  W.  Va 

Thomas  Mine,  W.  Va. . 
Whipple  Mine.  W.  Va. . 
Naomi  Mine.  Penn. ... 
Monongah  No.  8  Mine, 

W.  Va 

Davr  Mine,  Penn 

Lick  Branch,  W.  Va.  .  . 
Mt.  Ixjokout.  Penn. . .  . 

Ilallcyville,  Okla 

M.iriauna  Mine,  Penn.. 

U-iter  Mini-.  Ill 

St.    Paul   .Mine,   Cherry, 

III 

Lick  Branch.  W.  Va 

Primero,  Colo 

Draki-sburg,  Ky 

Mulga.  .Wn 

.\msterdam  Mine,  Ohio  . 
Palos,  Ala 


179 

73 

23 

44 

69 

17 

39 

19 
114 

14 

13 

26 

31 
109 
125 

15 

24 

13 

49 

13 

5S 
11 
33 
20 
19 
22 
46 
200 
15 
63 
28 
10 
20 
16 

10 

22 

184 

127 

112 

16 

17 

24 

235 

17 

179 

53 

13 

18 

22 

18 

108 

15 

24 

47 

22 

18 
23 
23 
23 
20 
12 
85 
25 
16 
31 

359 

239 

105 

12 

29 

154 

26 

266 
51 
7.5 
30 
40 
16 
83 


of  life.  I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  to  the 
readers  of  the  Journal  if  they  will  call 
attention  to  errors  and  omissions  in  the 
list,  as  given  below. 

Frederick  L.   Hoffman. 

Newark,  N.  J.,  Nov.  4,  1910. 


950 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  "of  Small  as  Well  as* 
Large  Mines.     Tilings  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


A  Modified  System    of  Back 
Sloping 

By  J.  E.  Wilson* 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
simple,  safe  and  economical  method  of 
stoping  where  the  cost  of  labor  and  tim- 
ber is  a  serious  consideration.  The  method 
is  a  modification  of  the  back-stoping 
scheme.  For  the  introduction  of  this 
style  of  stoping  it  is  only  necessary  to 
drive  one  or  two  raises  at  a  45  deg.  or 
less  angle  depending  a  great  deal  on  the 
dampness  of  the  ore  to  be  mined.  Where 
the  ore  is  dry  the  raises  may  be  driven  at 
a  flatter  angle.  Stoping  can  be  started 
as  soon  as  the  raises  are  advanced  about 
20  ft.  Work  should  begin  above  the 
chute,  care  being  taken  to  cover  the  latter 


to  discharge  and  thus  impairing  the  re- 
sult of  the  entire  round.  This  failure  of 
a  round  to  break  the  rock  properly  means 
much  added  expense,  is  quite  annoying, 
and  worst  of  all,  exceedingly  dangerous 
as  the  following  shift  may  accidentally 
pick  or  drill  into  the  missed  hole;  this 
has  often  occurred  with  disastrous  re- 
sults. 

The  main  features  in  this  method  of 
irining  are  the  elimination  of  shovelers. 
as  all  ore  broken  will  run  into  the  chute 
by  gravity,  and  of  expensive  scaffolding. 
No  timber  is  needed,  except  that  for  the 
manway  and  chute,  thus  reducing  ex- 
penses to  a  minimum.  When  the  stope 
is  mined  to  the  level  above  the  pro- 
cess of  drawing  the  reserve  ore  can  be 
started  either  from  the  top  or  lower  set  of 
lagging,  as  the  case  may  be.  I  would 
recommend,  though,  to  draw  from  the  top. 


Chute 


Manway 


rjw  Enffinearing  J  Mmdv  Journal 


ScHE.ME  OF  Back  Stoping  E.MPfoYEO  at  the  Dolores  Mine 


so  as  not  to  destroy  timbers  while  the 
first  few  rounds  are  being  blasted.  The 
first  bench  or  step  mined  will  be  slightly 
wider  than  the  chute  and  manway  com- 
bined and  the  length  will  increase  as  the 
stope  advances,  thus  gaining  stoping  back 
for  every  foot  raised.  The  broken-ore  re- 
serve will  start  from  the  first  set  of  lag- 
ging put  in,  as  only  the  overflow  will  go 
into  the  chute.  The  filling  of  ore  serves 
for  miners  to  stand  upon  while  drilling 
the  back. 

Carrying  Stepped  Back  Aids  in  Break- 
ing Ore 

The  most  advantageous  method  of 
breaking  ground,  according  to  my  experi- 
ence, is  the  bench  or  step  system,  which 
is  illustrated  in  the  sketch.  This  system 
eliminates  the  common  and  serious 
trouble  of  the  cut  or  "relief"  hole  failing 

•Mine  supprlntpndcnt.  Dolores  MIiiIdk'  Com- 
pany.   Madcrn.  riilhiinliiin.   Mex. 


as  all  boulders  can  be  broken  before  en- 
tering the  chute.  I  am  now  using  this 
method  in  the  Dolores  mine  with  quite 
satisfactory  results. 


Portable   Houses 


One  of  the  continual  problems  of  the 
prospector  and  miner  is  that  of  his  cabin. 
To  a  certain  extent  this  is  being  ar\swered 
by  the  builders  of  portable  houses.  These 
range  in  size  from  7x9  ft.  to  about  18x30 
ft.  in  floor  space,  which  means  from  one 
to  six  rooms. 

These  houses  can  be  set  up  or  taken 
down  without  any  tools  in  three  hours, 
or  less,  are  weather  proof,  and  the  ma- 
terial is  also  guaranteed  against  mildew 
or  rot.  They  arc  usually  screened,  and 
completely  proof  against  insects,  a  mat- 
ter of  great  importance  in  tropical  or 
mosquito-infested  districts. 


The  weight  of  the  houses  per  square 
foot  of  floor  area  varies  from  about  4.4 
lb.  in  the  smallest  size  down  to  3.2  lb.  in 
the  larger  sizes,  while  the  prices  range 
from  about  80c.  per  sq.ft.  of  floor  area 
for  the  smallest  down  to  about  65c.  per 
sq.ft.  for  the  largest  size.  From  the 
above  data  a  miner  knowing  about  the 
size  of  house  he  desires,  can  closely  ap- 
proximate   its   weight   and   cost. 


A  Hard  Way  to  Lower   Mine 
Timbers 


The  accompanying  sketch  illustrates  a 
case  of  bad  management,  in  which  an 
outlay  of  S25  would  save  much  time, 
money  and  hard  work.  The  mine  is  a 
small  one,  which  is  all  the  more  reason 
for  mine  economies. 


WhPri'  Platform 
with  Guard  Rail 
shoulil  be.  *'»'■'' 


30  betwceu  Track 
Slecpecs. 

^Waler  Pipe 


TJte  Ensineerin'j  !• 
J/ininj;  Jou  mal- 


Remedying  a  Difficult  Method  of 
Lowering  Timber 

To  begin  with,  the  platform  from  which 
the  timbers  are  loaded  into  the  skip  !s 
small  and  there  is  a  water-pipe  line  in 
the  way  of  the  workmen.  The  farther 
side  has  no  guard  rail  so  that  in  case 
a  man  falls  off  he  has  to  depend  upon 
the  kindness  of  a  50-deg.  slope  150  ft. 
long  to  catch  him  after  dropping  25  ft. 
A  splendid  chance  for  a  suit  against  the 
operating  company! 

The  skip  can  be  brought  within  about 
4  ft.  of  the  edge  of  the  platform. 
The  bail  is  in  the  way  and  the  cable  [.ass- 
ing  between  the  rail  supports  leaves  a 
working  space  of  only  15  in.  on  each 
side.  The  timbers  handled  are  the  usual 
mine  timbers,  8  to  10  ft.  long  and  up  to 
12  in.  in  diameter.  Two  men  balance 
themselves  between  the  rails,  hold  to  the 
cable  with  one  hand  and  with  a  pair  of 
tongs,  lift,  pull  and  swear  until  the  tim- 
ber  finally   slides   into  the   skip.     Occa- 


November  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


951 


I  sionally  a  timber  misses  the  skip  and 
falls  dowfi  the  incline,  thus  being  a 
source  of  danger  and  damage. 

In   this  particular  case   it   would   have 
been  an  easy  matter  to  have  built  a  plat- 
r,n  out  to  the  skip    and  stop  the  skip 
this   level.     The   men   would    then   be 
cctly  over  the  skip  and  loading  woald 
an   easy   matter.     Judging   from   the 
rroundings     the    present    system     has 
been  in  use  many  months.     Is  it  any  won- 
der that  some  mines  fail,  even  with   fair 
orebodies?     Good   common  sense  seems 
to  be  lacking  here. 


Piping  for  Callow  Cone  Installations 

As  with  other  devices  used  to  settle  or 
thicken  pulp,  the  discharge  pipe  on  the 
Callow  cone  is  liable  to  become  stopped 
up,  although  this  has  been  guarded 
against  b>  bringing  the  discharge  opening 
as  near  level  with  the  hight  of  the  feed 
as  is  practical  and  thus  enabling  the  use 


Piping  for  Callow  Tanks,  Ohio  Copper 
Mill,  Lark,  Utah 

of  as  large  a  discharge  opening  as  pos- 
sible. This  clogging  is  especially  apt  to 
occur  when  the  feed  to  one  of  the  devices 
fed  by  the  Callow  cones  has  to  oe  shut 
off.  At  the  Ohio  Copper  Company's  mill 
William  Kidney,  superintendent,  has  de- 
\  ised  an  ingenious  way  of  arranging  the 
piping  of  the  Callow  cones  so  as  to  fa- 
cilitate their  starting  after  a  shut-down. 
The  funnel  on  top  of  the  pipe  taking 
the  feed  to  the  Wilfley  table  is  used  on  ac- 
count of  the  necessity  of  breaking  off  the 

I  discharge  pipes  of  Callow  tanks  at  a  hight 
only  a  little  below  that  of  the  feed  com- 
ing to  the  tanks.     The  funnel  breaks  the 

I  continuity  of  the  discharge  pipe  and  ends 
the  siphoning  action.  Each  of  the  Wil- 
fley tables  takes  the  feed  from  two  Cal- 
low tanks.    There  are  two  cross  pipes  at 

!  each   table.     Clear-water   pipes   are   car- 


ried along  beside  the  Callow  tanks  just  a 
little  higher  than  the  level  of  the  dis- 
charge pipes  from  the  tanks.  These  pipes 
provide  the  water  for  washing  the  floors 
and  for  starting  the  cones  when  they  get 
stopped  up.  A  T-connection  is  made  be- 
tween the  lines  where  a  discharge  pipe 
crosses  the  line  of  the  water  pipe  and  a 
valve  is  put  on  the  connecting  pipe.  The 
accompanying  halftone  shows  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  piping. 

When  a  discharge  pipe  becomes 
stopped  up,  the  valve  connecting  with  that 
discharge  pipe  is  opened  slightly  and  by 
placing  the  hand  over  the  discharge  open- 
ing of  the  Callow  pipe  the  water  is  forced 
lip  through  the  discharge  pipe  of  the  Cal- 
low cone  into  the  tank  itself,  and  the  pulp 
is  started  flowing.  Thus  the  tank  is 
made  ready  for  work  without  any  dirtying 
of  the  floor.  It  is  an  easy  and  effective 
way  of  doing  the  work,  and  is  especially 
useful  where  a  number  of  Callow  tanks 
are  employed. 


The  Use    of  Cyanide  Tailings  for 
Stope  Fillings 

In  West  Australia  fatalities  from  the 
vitiation  of  the  air  of  mines  by  the  fumes 
arising  from  the  tailings  from  cyanide 
treatment  used  for  filling  stoped  ground, 
have  been  reported.  In  such  cases  it  ap- 
pears that  wet,  fresh  tailings  have  been 
run  directly  into  the  mine  without  any 
previous  exposure  to  the  air  by  heaping 
on  the  surface.  The  West  Australian 
royal  commission,  in  dealing  with  this 
subject,  recommended  that  tailings  should 
not  be  used  for  filling:  ( 1  I  In  the  wet 
state;  (2)  when  they  contain  more  than 
0.01  per  cent,  of  their  weight  of  cyanides 
calculated  as  cyanide  of  potassium;  (3) 
in  any  part  of  a  mine  where  there  is  not 
a  current  of  air  passing  freely.  The 
Australian  method  of  stope  filling  with 
cyanide  tailings  is  a  dry-filling  system, 
whereas  a  water-borne  system  by  which 
the  dry  sands  are  sluiced  into  the  empty 
stope  and  the  water  drained  off,  leaving 
the  sand  in  a  compact  mass,  is  used  on 
the   Rand,   in  the   Robinson  mine. 

The  Transvaal  mines  department  ar- 
rived at  the  conclusion  that  a  solution 
containing  prussic  acid  loses  the  latter 
rapidly  by  evaporation  into  the  air.  In 
the  case  of  tailings  being  used  for  filling 
stopes,  it  is  considered  likely  that  the 
drainage  from  the  sand  containingcyanide 
will  come  into  contact  with  acid  water  from 
the  mines,  and  that  some  prussic  acid 
will  be  formed.  The  Transvaal  Mining 
Regulations  Commission  is  therefore  of 
the  opinion  that  the  percentage  of  cyanide 
in  tailings  used  should  be  low  and  good 
ventilation  should  be  required.  A  recom- 
mendation is  made  that  the  regulation 
of  the  West  Australian  commission  in  this 
matter  be  adopted,  pending  the  results 
of  further  investigations  to  be  conducted 
in  the  Transvaal. 


Traveling  Belt  Ore  Feeder 

At  the  Boston  Consolidated  mill  there 
was  installed  a  feeder  of  the  traveling- 
belt  type,  somewhat  similar  to  those  in 
use  at  coal  bunkers  of  a  few  mines  in 
Pennsylvania.  When  the  mill  was  being 
designed,  it  was  the  intention  to  mine  the 
ere  by  means  of  steam  shovels.  On  that 
account,  it  was  anticipated  that  there 
would  be  numerous  boulders  in  the  ore 
coming  to  the  mill.  To  handle  such  a 
feed  either  a  feeder  of  the  traveling-bel 
type  or  one  of  the  reciprocating-pan  de 


Traveling  Belt  Ore  Feeder  at  Boston 
Consolidated  Mill 

sign  can  be  used.  The  traveling-belt  type 
was  selected  and  this  feeder  has  given 
excellent  results  after  two  years  of  serv- 
ice and  has  required  practically  no  re- 
pairs. 

It  is  the  design  of  A.  J.  Hetties.  The 
chute  openings  in  the  sides  of  the  bins 
are  stopped  with  three  inclined  horizon- 
tal slats  as  the  openings  are  4  ft.  high. 
In  case  of  boulders  or  freezing  causes 
tnc  blocking  of  the  chutes,  the  ore  can 
be  started  again  by  punching  with  a  bar 
through  the  stoke  or  punch  holes. 

The  flow  of  ore  is  stopped  by  the  travel- 
ing-steel belt  as  the  surface  of  repose  of 
the  ore  intersects  that  of  the  belt.  The 
belt  is  30  in.  wide  and  is  driven  by  a 
ratchet  wheel  operated  by  a  pawl  from 
an  eccentric  shaft.  The  speed  of  the  belt 
travel  is  adjustable  by  means  of  the 
eccentric  arm  from  1  '4  in.  to  6  in. 
per  revolution  of  the  eccentric  shaft  which 
is  driven  by  means  of  a  set  of  gear  wheels 
run  by  a  rope  drive  from  the  motor  oper- 
ating the  gyratory  crushers  and  the  belt 
conveyer.  The  feeder  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  raising  the  pawl  that  operates  the 
ratchet  wheel.  The  ore  from  the  feeder 
belt  falls  into  a  steel  chute  that  has  an 
inclination  of  30  deg.  in  the  direction  of 
the  travel  of  the  conveyer  belt  so  as  to 
reduce  the  impact  of  the  ore  falling  on 
the  convevcr. 


\  model  of  the  Copper  Queen  mine  is 
being  prepared  and  will  be  presented  by 
Dr.  James  Douglas  to  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History  in  New  York. 


952 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


Reinfi 


einrorcing    oteam 


Ste 


Shovel  Trucks 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  the 
way  in  which  steam-shovel  trucks  are 
being  rebuilt  at  some  of  the  mines  on  the 
Mesabi  range.  The  shovels  are  subject 
to  heavy  strains  and  rough  usage  and  in 
many  cases  the  trucks  upon  which  they 
they  are  mounted  actually  bend  and  twist 
out  of  shape.  The  truss  is  now  being 
filled  with  5-in.  oak  plank  cut  to  size  and 
driven  in  securely.     The  I-beams  on  the 


1  Eeinforcine 
^^     Bar      \    I-Beam 
Wood,  X  1       /  /^Wood 


Springs 

Xlte  E:i'jiruer^i\g  ^.Umiuj;  Journal 

Reinforced  Steam-shovel  Truck 

trucks  also  bend  occasionally,  near  the 
center,  and  it  is  necessary  to  reinforce 
them  with  1-in.  plates  as  shown. 


Ventilation  for  Transvaal  Mines 


Treating  the  subject  of  mine  ventila- 
tion, the  Mining  Regulations  Commission 
of  the  Transvaal  makes  recommendations 
for  the  sectional  ventilation  of  the  mines. 
The  ventilating  currents  from  downcast 
intakes  should  be  split  at  the  entrance  of 
every  working  drive,  such  entrances  be- 
ing provided  with  brattices  so  constructed 
that  the  openings  for  the  passage  of  air 
can  be  varied  as  required.  After  pass- 
ing through  the  workings  air  should  be 
led  as  directly  as  possible  to  the  main 
return  airway. 

Use   of    Mechanical    Ventilating    Ap- 
pliances Necessary 

Recognizing  the  insufficiency  of  the 
ventilation  in  most  of  the  Transvaal 
mines,  it  is  recommended  that  in  all  por- 
tions of  a  mine  or  workings  where  the 
natural  ventilating  current  is  insufficient, 
suitable  mechanical  appliances  for  ven- 
tilation be  erected  and  operated.  The 
courses  for  the  supply  of  air  to  all  work- 
ing places,  and  of  foul  return  air  from 
SLch  places,  should  be  kept  separate  and 
disused  drives,  stopes,  etc.,  where  possi- 
ble, should  be  completely  closed  in. 

It  is  further  recommended  that  plans 
and  sections  of  every  mine  be  kept  at 
the  mine  office  and  these  drawings  show 
airways,  direction  of  air  currents,  posi- 
tion of  brattices,  etc.,  drawings  to  be 
posted  to  date  at  intervals  of  not  more 
than  three  months.  Not  less  than  once 
every  three  months,  chemical  determin- 
ation of  the  following  samples  should 
be  made  at  each  mine:  Air  100  ft.  from 
the  face  of  all  drives;  50  ft.  from  the 
face  of  all  winzes  and  shafts;  from  the 


bottom  of  upcast  shafts;   from  all  stopes 
connected  by  only  one  drive. 

Regulations  for  Local  Ventilation 

With  regard  to  the  subject  of  the  local 
ventilation,  the  Mining  Regulations  Com- 
mission recommended  as  follows:  -(1) 
That  the  use  of  mechanical  appliances 
is  indispensable  for  adequate  ventilation 
of  certain  sections  of  a  mine  outside 
of  the  circuit  of  natural  ventilation;  (2) 
tnat  every  working  place  where  rock 
drills  are  used  be  furnished  with  suit- 
able arrangements  for  laying  and  re- 
moving dust,  smoke,  gases,  etc.,  and  that 
no  man  shall  return  to  a  working  face 
until  the  air  is  free  from  noxious  gases 
caused  by  blasting;  (3)  that  the  intake 
pipes  to  compressors  be  led  outside  of 
the  engine  room  to  where  the  air  is  of 
suitable  degree  of  purity;  (4)  that  the 
lubricating  oil  used  in  compressors  have 
a  flash  point  of  not  less  than  600  deg. 
F. ;  (5)  that  periodical  inspection  by  a 
responsible  mine  official  be  required   for 


Lashing, 


Method    for    Sawing  Lumber 

By  a.  Livingstone  Oke* 

The  accompanying  sketches  illustrate  a 
method  employed  by  itinerant  sawyers 
on  the  Iberian  peninsula,  for  sawing  logs 
iiito  plank  without  a  saw-pit.  These  men 
go  from  village  to  village  in  the  more 
remote  districts,  taking  with  them,  as 
their  complete  outfit,  one  or  more  long 
two-handed  rip  saws,  an  axe,  a  few 
triangular  files,  and  the  pair  of  front 
legs  shown  in  Fig.  2.  The  latter  are 
carefully  selected  with  a  view  to  light- 
ness and  strength,  as  well  as  the  shape, 
and  are  usually  made  from  a  tree  with 
a  branch  at  the  right  angle;  this  single 
tiee  is  then  split  centrally  to  give  the 
two  halves  shown.  It  is  important  that 
they  should  be  light  in  order  not  to  add 
unnecessary  weight  to  the  sawyer's  pack. 

Planks  Sawed  Where  Used 
The   tailpiece   or  "lizard,"   is  made   on 


Wedge 


Fig.  2 

Arrangement  for  Sawing  Lumber 


The  Enjinttring  iMi»ing  Joiin)at 


air  cylinders  of  compressors;  (6)  that 
V.  here  mechanical  ventilation  is  not  pro- 
vided, the  compressors  be  kept  running 
for  at  least  two  hours  between  shifts  at 
not  less  than  20  lb.  pressure,  except 
when  necessary  to  stop  for  repairs;  (7) 
that  the  vicinity  of  the  collar  of  down- 
cast shafts  be  kept  clear  of  ashes,  cinder 
heaps,  and  as  far  as  possible  of  smoke. 


Rubbing  a  tracing  with  a  cloth  moist- 
ened with  a  solution  of  gum  camphor  in 
alcohol  will,  according  to  the  Scientific 
American,  remove  undesired  lines.  A 
little  firm  rubbing,  though  not  entirely 
removing  the  lines,  leaves  them  so  thin 
and  transparent  that  a  comparatively 
slight  application  of  a  soft  rubber  com- 
pletes the  erasure,  and  the  surface  is  in  a 
far  better  condition  than  if  the  lines  are 
removed  by  an  ink  eraser  or  similar 
means. 


the  spot,  and  the  detail  sketches  A  and 
B  show  the  method  of  fixing  the  two 
front  legs  in  to  a  wedge-shaped  dove- 
tail. In  making  the  saw-cuts  the  front 
supports  are  passed,  one  at  a  time,  to 
the  other  side  of  the  saw,  the  log  being 
supported  temporarily  with  one  hand 
vhile  the  other  shifts  the  support.  As 
this  arrangement  is  a  double  three-point 
support,  the  whole  apparatus  is  remark- 
ably firm  and  rigid  when  in  use.  One 
sawyer  stands  on  the  log  while  the  other 
works,  kneeling,  below. 

I  have  made  use  of  this  method  ad- 
vantageously in  mining  work  where  a 
regular  saw  pit  was  not  available.  By 
its  use  the  timber  can  be  sawed  at  the 
place  where  it  is  to  be  actually  used; 
the  necessity  of  carrying  heavy  logs 
about  is  thus  obviated. 

'ItcsUlcMit  inaniii-'cr,  Ar<;cnUn!i  &  CcniTiiI 
l-^xplnrrttidii  Compan.v.  Ilodpo.  San  .liian, 
Ar;;('nlina. 


November  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


953 


A  Kiln  Charging  Device 


An  apparatus  used  around  Chicago 
iron  furnaces  for  charging  dolomite-kilns, 
seems  adaptable  to  many  classes  of 
work. 

It  consists  of  a  cylinder  of  heavy 
sheet  steel  terminating  in  an  inverted 
truncated  cone  of  the  same  material.  A 
cone  A,  supported  on  the  inside  by  a 
spider  which  is  fastened  to  a  steel  rod  B, 
closes  the  bottom.  The  rod  B  is  free  to 
move  in  two  steel  spiders  C.  D  is  a  sec- 
tion of  T-rail  fastened  around  the  body 
of  the  charger.  In  filling  the  cylinder, 
the  whole  device  is  supported  on  A. 
When  it  is  to  be  moved  it  is  picked  up 
by  a  crane,  by  means  of  the  ring  on 
top. 

The  tops  of  the  kilns  are  so  ar- 
ranged that  they  just  fit  the  T-rail;  the 
device  has  only  to  be  set  down  on  the 


A*  Koffiieerlnff  4. Vining  Journal 

KiLN-CHARCINC    DEVICE 

furnace  and  the  contents  discharge  into 
the  kiln.  If  the  cylinder  is  to  be  emptied 
on  the  ground,  blocks  are  placed  to  catch 
the  T-rail.  By  setting  down  on  a  flat- 
car  the  apparatus  can  be  transported 
from  one  building  to  another. 


It  is  believed  by  the  Forestry  officials 
that  last  summer's  forest  fires  either 
burned  or  killed  between  1  and  2  per 
cent,  of  the  total  stand  of  the  national 
forest  timber.  At  the  present  rate  of  cut- 
ting from  the  national  forests,  six  billion 
feet  (the  amount  destroyed),  is  equal  to 
12  years'  supply;  but  it  is  less  than  one- 
sixth  of  a  single  year's  cut  in  the  entire 
country,  or  enough  to  keep  all  our  lumber 
mills  busy  for  something  under  two 
months. 


Influence    of    Number    of    Templet 
Holes  in  Sampling  Copper 


By  Donald  M.  Liddell"* 


It  appears  that  in  the  sampling  of  pig 
copper  by  the  ordinary  templet  drilling, 
as  the  number  of  holes  in  the  templet  is 
increased,  the  silver  assay  diminishes  up 
to  a  certain  point,  after  which  it  remains 
fairly  constant. 

A  table  is  given  herewith  showing 
the  influence  of  the  number  of  holes 
in  the  templet  on  the  silver  assay,  the 
number  of  holes  being  those  per  quarter 
bar. 

It  seems  that  the  explanation  of  this 
may  lie  in  the  following:  If  the  surface 
of  a  copper  slab  be  examined  at  about 
the  same  distance  from  the  edge  that  the 
pig  is  thick,  there  will  be  found  a  well 
marked  line,  showing  where  the  cooling 
of  the  slab  from  the  bottom  upward  has 


fr 

— -©■ o— - 

-o e 

13 
—  O 

0 

18 
<?■  —  ■ E>— 

-o- -o- — 

14 
--0 

1 
1 

1             30 

0          0 — 

-o o 

33 
--0 

1 
<> 

1 

(j>          ,i> 

3G 

9- «--- 

34 
--0 

1 

0 

1           1 

t                     1 

1           44 

<t>        0--- 

45 

--0 

1 

1                      t 

1             1 

i>         o 

1              1 

46 
0 

0 

1           i 
6          (j) 
1            j 

i          I 

? 

1 

CD           o 
24          25 

1       1 

0         6 
40          41 

6 
48 

Fig.  1 
Test    Drilling   on    Copper   Bars 

met  the  cooling  of  the  pig  from  the  upper 
outer  edge  inward.  The  drillings  from 
along  this  line  are  usually  much  richer 
than  those  from  either  side  of  it,  and  are 
sometimes  richer  than  any  others  in  the 
slab. 


EFFECT  01     11     11    -l.r   HOLES  ON  SILVER 
.\SS.\Y. 


IIoli-s. 

Silver 
.■\s..ia.v. 

Holes. 

Silver 
.■\ssay. 

2x3 
3x4 

In.'. 
1x7 

76.10Z. 
7.5.7  oz. 
74.8  oz. 
74 . 7  oz. 

5x8 

7x11 

8x12 

73 .  S  oz. 

73.7  oz. 

73.8  oz. 

Typical  assays,  showing  this  enriched 
zone,  are  given  in  the  table  to  accom- 
pany Fig.  1,  which  is  a  quarter-sec- 
tion of  a  slab  18t/.x30xl'{.  in.,  weighing 
approximately  225  pounds. 


If  one  consider  the  case  of  a  copper 
bar  drilled  as  shown  by  the  X's  on  a 
4x5  templet  and  as  shown  by  the  O's  on 
a  6x5  templet.  Fig.  2,  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  two  vertical  rows  of  drill  holes  A  A 
will,  in  each  case,  just  about  hit  the 
enriched  zone,  while   in  the  case  of  the 

SEGREC5ATI0N   OF  SILVER  IN  COPPER. 


Hole 

BiaiKl  A 

Branil  R 

Brand  C 

Nunibers. 

oz.  per  ton. 

oz.  per  ton. 

oz.  per  ton. 

1-13 

133.69 

62.6 

404.9 

14-24 

149.94 

69.0 

454.7 

25-33 

136.65 

63.41 

443.1 

34-40 

145.05 

63., SI 

41-45 

151.00 

63.10 

48-48 

1.50.09 

60.60 

448.02 

6x5  drilling  there  will  be  two  rows  of 
holes  in  what  is  probably  a  poorer  por- 
tion of  the  pig,  to  decrease  the  general 
average.  If  the  number  of  vertical  rows 
(as  they  come  in  the  illustration)  is  held 
a  constant,  and  the  number  of  horizontal 
rows  increased,  the  same  argument  holds, 
while  in  actual  practice  wc  get  the  two- 
.1  A 


OX 


ox 


-vo 


xo 


ox 


o-v 


xo 


Xo 


ox      o      Xo         ox      o       Xo 


ox       o      Xo         ox      o       Xo 


oX      o      Xo         ox      o      Xo 


A  Fie.  2  A 

Tfte  En  if  Incerinjj  ^  Mining  Journal 

Templet-hole  Diagram 

fold  benefit  of  increasing  the  number 
both  ways  simultaneously. 

^X'hat  the  gold  does  is  not  discussed 
above,  since  in  general  the  gold  varia- 
tions are  much  less  widely  marked  than 
the  silver,  and  the  probable  error  of 
observation  bears  a  higher  ratio  to  ths 
contents. 

As  an  interesting  addendum  to  the 
above  assay  tables  may  be  noted  one  of 
reversed  segregation  due  to  lead  in  the 
copper,  where  the  outside  row  of  holes 
showed  66.7  oz.  Ag,  the  extreme  corner 
hole  67.9  oz.  and  the  inside  hole  65.7 
ounces. 


•EilUorlal    slaff.   Kxii.   .ixn   Mis.   .loiiiN. 


According  to  the  report  of  the  Mines 
Department  of  the  Transvaal,  for  the 
half  year  ended  June  30,  1910,  the  Rand 
mines  used  5,278,299  lb.  of  cyanide.  4,- 
017,114  lb.  zinc,  4,925,494  lb.  drill  steel, 
and  6,000,000  lb.  candles. 


954 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


Calamine  at  Leadville 

Dr.  S.  F.  Emmons  addressed  the  fol- 
lowing letter,  from  Dinard,  France,  under 
date  of  Oct.  11,  to  the  editor  of  the 
Leadville  Herald-Democrat: 

"\  have  just  received  clippings  from 
your  issues  of  Sept.  20  in  re- 
gard to  recent  discoveries  of  zinc  car- 
bonates and  silicates  in  the  old  work- 
ings of  Leadville  mines,  and  fully  agree 
with  you  that  these  discoveries  may 
prove  of  great  economic   importance. 

"It  is  in  the  normal  order  of  devel- 
opment of  a  mining  district  that  when 
exploitation  has  gone  so  deep  that  in- 
creasing expenses  and  decreasing  yield 
have  reduced  the  margin  of  profit,  ex- 
ploitation turns  again  to  upper  levels  in 
search  of  ore  that  may  not  have  paid 
to  work  when  first  opened,  but  which 
I'nder  present  changed  conditions  may  be 
profitably  extracted. 

"At  the  time  of  my  first  study  of  the 
Leadville  district  in  1880,  1  was  much 
puzzled  to  know  what  had  become  of  the 
zinc,  since  by  analogy  with  similar  de- 
posits in  the  Ten  Mile  district,  I  reasoned 
that  the  original  sulphides  of  Leadville 
must  have  contained  much  zinc  as  well 
as  lead.  I  only  succeeded  in  finding 
a  few  needle-like  crystals  in  limestone 
joints  that  resembled  gypsum,  but  proved 
on  chemical  examination  to  be  silicate 
of  zinc.  I  assumed  then  that  owing  to 
the  superior  solubility  of  the  zinc  sul- 
phate, the  oxidation  products  of  that 
metal  had  been  carried  much  further 
than  those  of  lead  before  being  trans- 
formed into  the  now  stable  carbonate, 
and  had  possibly  been  entirely  removed 
in  the  run  off. 

"Blow's  observation  that  on  Iron  hill  sec- 
ondary zinc  blende  had  accumulated  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  sulphide  zone 
seemed  to  account  for  some  of  the  miss- 
ing zinc,  and  from  the  accounts  pub- 
lished by  you  it  is  evident  that  much 
of  it  has  accumulated  as  calamine  in  the 
zone  of  change  from  sulphide  to  oxide. 

"Though  I  have  particularly  desired  to 
study  the  zinc  of  Leadville,  I  have  never 
been  able  to,  because  in  1880  mine  work- 
ings had  not  yet  reached  it.  and  when  I 
next  visited  the  district  (1890i  they  had 
gone  beyond  it,  and  owing  to  the  soft 
nature  of  the  ground  in  that  zone  the 
drifts  leading  to  it  were  for  the  most 
part  caved  and  inaccessible. 

"It  certainly  seems  rather  strange  that 
those  in  charge  of  mines,  when  this  zone 
was  exploited,  did  not  notice  such  bod- 
ies of  calamine  as  you  describe,  but  it 
must  be  borne  in  mind  that  calamine 
is  generally  a  white-brown  earthy  look- 
ing material,  which  would  not  attract 
attention,  unless  especially  sought  for, 
and  that  it  was  pay  ore  rather  than  ma- 
terial of  only  mineralogical  interest  that 
they  were  seeking,  and  at  that  time  zinc- 
iferous ores  were  a  particularly  undesir- 
able product." 


Transvaal  Mining   Notes 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 

In  the  editorial  columns  of  the  Jour- 
nal of  Aug.  20  the  connection  between 
the  work  of  the  coal  miner  and  that 
of  the  metal  miner  is  dealt  with.  There 
is  an  instructive  instance  of  this  in  con-  ' 
nection  with  the  management  of  the  group 
of  mines  held  by  the  house  of  Eckstein 
on  the  Rand.  They  foresaw  that  es- 
pecially in  the  far-east  Rand  in  the 
future,  mining  would  have  to  be  car- 
ried on  in  beds  of  banket  dipping  from 
five  to  25  deg.  and  decided  to  find  out  if 
coal-mining  methods  of  laying  out  levels 
and  of  haulage  of  ore  could  be  intro- 
duced to  advantage.  They,  therefore,  ap- 
pointed Stuart  Martin,  a  coal-mining  en- 
gineer from  England,  as  a  consulting 
engineer  and  in  some  of  the  mines  on  the 
i'ar-east  Rand  basin,  coal-mining  methods 
are  to  be  adopted. 

Circular  Shaft  for  the  New  Modder- 
FONTEiN  Mine 

The  New  Modderfontein  mine  has  a 
holding  of  some  1207  unworked  claims 
which  contain  anything  from  20  to  40 
million  tons  of  ore.  It  is  at  present  work- 
ing from  outcrop  incline  shafts  and 
crushing  45,000  tons  per  month  with  180 
stamps,  and  tube  mills.  Mr.  Martin  now 
proposes  to  sink  a  circular  shaft  2000  ft. 
vertical  on  the  dip.  The  adoption  of  a 
vertical  shaft  is  a  return  to  coal-mining 
practice  but  as  details  of  the  lining  to  be 
adopted  are  not  available,  it  is  difficult  to 
criticize  the  proposal.  On  the  far-west 
Rand  where  a  thousand  feet  of  water-bear- 
ing dolomites  have  to  be  penetrated,  a  wa- 
ter-tight lining  for  the  shaft  is  necessary, 
and  circular  shafts  seem  called  for;  but 
on  the  east  Rand,  though  dolomite  is 
present,  most  of  the  water  is  met  with  in 
exploring  the  reef  horizon  and  there  ap- 
pears at  first  sight  no  advantage  in  first 
cost  or  in  mining  facilities,  in  this  pro- 
posal. This,  however,  has  no  doubt  had 
consideration,  and  the  circular  shaft  will 
be  sunk.  As  the  reef  will  lie  at  10  to  15 
deg.,  levels  will  be  driven  500  to  600  ft. 
apart  on  the  dip  and  in  the  soft  shale 
footwall  main-haulage  levels  equipped 
with  endless-rope  haulage  will  be  run  at 
every  1800  or  2000  ft.  and  all  ore  will  be 
sent  down  self-acting  haulages  to  these 
levels  for  conveyance  to  shafts.  At  the 
Cason  mine  of  the  East  Rand  Proprietary 
Mines  a  main  and  tail-rope  system  of 
rope  haulage  has  reduced  the  cost  of  haul- 
age 10  per  cent,  as  compared  with  Kafir 
labor  and  reduced  the  Kafir  labor  75  per 
cent,  so  that  there  is  no  doubt  that  haul- 
age system  will  come  more  and  more  into 
use  on  the  Rand.  Gasolene  locomotives 
for  haulage  may  have  a  future  now  me- 
chanical ventilation  is  attracting  more  at- 
tention; but  liquid  fuel  is  not  cheap  on 
the  Rand. 


New  Mill  for  the  Cason  Mine 

It  is  proposed  to  erect  a  new  mill  at 
this  shaft  to  treat  40,000  tons  per  month 
?nd  the  Butters  process  has  apparently 
been  adopted  entirely  for  future  installa- 
tions on  this  group.  Apparently  this  pro- 
cess should  be  known  as  the  Patterson 
process  after  C.  G.  Patterson,  the  in- 
ventor. 

Renewed  Activity  in  the  Klerksdorp 
Field 

Attention  is  again  being  directed  to  the 
Klerksdorp  goldfields  about  150  miles  to 
the  southwest  of  Johannesburg;  this  field 
is  know  by  G.  A.  Denny's  writing.  Sev- 
eral of  the  abandoned  mines  are  being 
leopened,  now  that  mining  costs  are  re- 
duced. On  the  Africander  mine  there  are 
142,187  tons  of  ore  developed  assaying 
8.2  dwt.  over  37.8  in.  Owing  to  the  in- 
troduction of  sand  filling,  the  costs  on 
some  of  the  mines  are  tending  to  rise. 
Costs  on  the  Village  main  reef  rose  about 
7d.  per  ton  last  month  owing  to  this  cause. 
The  necessity  of  putting  in  wooden  brat- 
tices accurately  scribed  to  fit  the  inequali- 
ties of  rock  on  foot-  and  hanging-wall 
and  the  need  of  some  binding  material 
to  consolidate  sand  in  the  stopes  when 
filled  are  proving  drawbacks  to  the 
method.  i 

Transvaal  Copper  Mining 

Copper  mining  in  the  north  of  the 
Transvaal  is  developing  and  on  the  com- 
pletion of  the  railway  will  show  an  ex- 
pansion. The  Messina  Copper  Company 
is  engaged  in  opening  extensive  old  work- 
ings in  schistose  granite  and  have  reached 
a  depth  of  over  300  ft.  There  are  90,000 
tons  of  10  per  cent,  copper  ore  developed 
and  a  monthly  production  of  frojn  200  to 
300  tons  of  50  per  cent,  concentrates 
with  300  to  400  tons  of  12  to  14  per  cent, 
concentrates  has  been  maintained  for  the 
last  two  years.  Mining  and  transport  and 
treatment  costs  come  to  24s.  6d.  per  ton 
and  the  total  cost  of  50  per  cent,  con- 
centrates is  £16  10s.  per  ton  landed  and 
fold  in  London.  The  railway  will  largely 
reduce  costs  as  ore  has  now  to  be  carted 
over  100  miles  to  rail.  At  No.  4  level  the 
lode  shows  27  ft.  of  10  per  cent,  ore  and 
the  old  workings  give  evidence  of  several 
lodes  having  a  long  strike,  so  that  in  the 
future  the  Transvaal  must  be  considered 
as  a  competitor  in  the  copper  market. 


An  interesting  work  about  to  be  under- 
taken in  the  Negaunee  district,  Michigan, 
is  the  removal  of  the  city  burial  grounds 
to  a  new  location.  The  present  cemetery 
is  underlaid  with  ore  which  is  to  be 
mined  by  the  Cleveland  Cliffs  Iron  Com- 
pany, and  that  corporation  not  only  has 
provided  the  municipality  with  a  larger 
and  more  desirable  acreage,  but  it  will 
bear  the  expense  of  the  removal  from 
the  present  tract. 


November  12,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


955 


Asbestos  in  Wyoming 
By  H.  C.  Beeler* 


Asbestos  occurs  near  the  town  of  Cas- 
per, in  Natrona  county,  Wyoming, 
covering  a  tract  on  Casper  moun- 
tain and  about  eight  miles  southeast  on 
upper  and  lower  Smith  creek. 

Casper  mountain  is  the  general  name 
in  this  vicinity,  for  the  western  end  of  the 
Laramie  range.     It  consists  of  a  granite 


sile  strength  and  spinning  quality,  free 
from  Iron  and  other  injurious  minerals 
and  is  capable  of  being  spun  and  manu- 
factured into  the  highest  grades  of  as- 
bestos product.  The  fiber  varies  in  length 
from  a  hair  to  four  inchesinthecrossfiber 
and  has  been  found  nine  inches  in  length 
in  the  slip  fiber  of  good  spinning  quality. 
Good  judges  of  fiber  place  it  in  a  class 
with  the  best  commercial  fiber  of  Canada 
and  Europe. 


Asbestos  Bearing  Rock,  Casper  Mountain  Field,  Central  Wyoming 


core,  cut  by  serpentine  and  diorite  dikes, 
with  the  sides  of  the  range  covered  with 
sedimentary  formations  sloping  to  the 
valleys  north  and  south.  The  general 
trend  of  the  range  and  of  the  granite  core 
is  east  and  west.  In  general,  the  serpen- 
tine dikes  have  a  southeast  and  north- 
west trend  and  vary  in  width  from  100 
ft.  to  over  500  ft.,  the  asbestos-bearing 
zones  being  well  defined  and  showing 
from  a  streak  to  50  or  60  ft.  in  width. 

Chrysotile  Asbestos  of  Good  Quality 
It  is  a  chrysotile  asbestos  of  high  ten- 

•Mininu'  cnsiiiofr.   Tlnsfon   iMilldlnc.   npnver. 
f  oin. 


International   Company    Has    200-ton 
Mill 

The  International  Asbestos  Mills  and 
Power  Company  control  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  commercial  area  of  the  dis- 
trict. Its  principal  property,  on  Smith 
creek,  has  been  developed  by  a  number 
of  quarries,  cuts  and  shafts  in  the  as- 
bestos rock.  The  company  has  just  com- 
pleted a  fiberizing  mill  on  upper  Smith 
creek,  with  a  capacity  of  200  tons  of 
asbestos  rock  per  24  hours.  The  test 
runs  shows  a  high  grade  of  material,  the 
rock  yielding  a  higher  percentage  of  fiber 
than    was    anticipated    and    the    process 


working  out  exactly  as  predicted  by  the 
designer,  C.  H.  Parker,  of  Thetford 
Mines,  Province  of  Quebec,  Canada, 

Quarrying  QpERATiONs 

The  quarries  are  opened  for  about  300 
ft.  wide  and  cover  the  faces  of  two  hills 
above  the  mill,  connection  being  made 
with  the  mill  bins  by  chutes  and  cable 
from  the  second  hill.  Work  during  the 
spring  has  put  the  quarries  in  shape  to 
produce  a  large  tonnage  during  the  com- 
ing year.  The  method  consists  in  open 
quarrying,  rough  sorting  the  long  or  No. 
I  crude,  and  sending  the  mill  rock  to  the 
mill  below. 

The  mill  rock  runs  from  5  to  10  per 
cent,  fiber  and  the  product  of  the  test 
runs  shows  a  high  grade  of  material,  the 
length  and  strength  of  the  milled  fiber 
comparing  favorably  with  the  commercial 
product  of  the  older  Canadian  mills. 

The  International  company  is  proceed- 
ing with  development  work  on  its  hold- 
ings and  will  erect  other  mills  as  soon  as 
the  trade  demands,  as  there  is  practi- 
ally  an  unlimited  demand  for  fiber.  The 
size  and  occurrence  of  the  fiber  is  plainly 
shown   in  the  accompanying  photograph. 


Coal    Lands    in    Utah  Withdrawn 

Notice  of  the  withdrawal  by  President 
Taft  of  322,560  acres  of  coal  land  in  Sum- 
mit county,  Utah,  bordering  on  the  Wy- 
oming line,  was  received  by  the  local 
land  office,  Oct.  22.  The  land  has  been 
withdrawn  from  settlement,  location  or 
entry,  and  is  known  as  Utah  Withdrawal 
No.  IV.  A  number  of  transfers  and  addi- 
tions to  the  Uintah  and  Ashley  national 
forests  have  been  made  by  order  of  the 
President.  These  changes  are  the  result 
of  field  examination  by  the  United  States 
Depariment  of  Agriculture,  in  pursuance 
of  a  general  plan  for  the  correction  of  all 
national-forest  boundaries. 


A  Hungarian  Natural  Gas  Well 

A  natural  gas  well'  of  tremendous  fiow 
has  been  struck  at  Kessdrmas,  Hungary. 
The  drill  hole  is  951  ft.  deep  and  the 
flow  of  gas  is  about  31,782,600  cu.ft. 
per  24  hours.  The  gas  carries  about 
99.25  per  cent,  of  methane  (CH,),  with  a 
heat  value  of  about  8500  to  8600  calories. 
The  gas  escapes  from  the  drill  with  a 
velocity  of  about  420  miles  per  hour, 
causing  a  roar  which  can  be  heard  about 
2' J  miles.  The  Hungarian  government 
builds  great  expectations  on  this  dis- 
covery and  has  sent  a  commission  of  four 
mining  experts  to  the  United  States  to 
study  the  methods  in  vogue  for  the  utiliz- 
ation of  natural  gas  in  Pennsylvania, 
West  Virginia  and  Ohio. 

'Drut.    y.cit.    f.    n.    rn\<}    II. 


956 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


German  Miners'  Insurance  and  Annuity  Funds — III 

Discussion  of  Widows'  and  Orphans'  Pensions.      Average  Widow's  Pen- 
sion   $45    per  Year;    Average  Orphan's   Pension  Amounts   to    $18.42 


BY       FREDERICK 


HOFFMAN* 


The  General  Pension  Fund  of  the 
Bochum  Union  with  an  active  member- 
ship of  289,060,  in  1909,  supported  20,860 
widows  at  the  end  of  the  year,  of  whom 
1403  were  widows  of  mine  officials,  and  19,- 
457  were  widows  of  mine  workmen.  The 
number  of  widows  pensioned  on  account 
of  accidents  was  3516,  and  17,344  on  ac- 
count of  sickness.  The  rate  of  pension- 
able widows  in  proportion  to  the  active 
membership  was,  therefore,  72.16  per 
1000,  or  149.51  for  mine  olflcials,  and 
69.57  for  mine  workmen.  The  higher  rate 
for  mine  officials  is  due  to  the  higher  age 
attained.  The  rate  of  widows  pensioned 
on  account  of  accidents  was  12.16  per 
1000,  and  60.0  per  1000  on  account  of 
sickness.  Considering  mine  workmen 
alone,  the  respective  rates  were  12.14 
and  57.43  per  1000  of  active  membership. 

The  aggregate  amount  of  support  paid 
to  the  20,860  widows  during  1909  was 
3,910,066  marks  ($930,596),  of  which 
522,641  marks  (§124,389)  was  paid  out 
on  account  of  accident  pensions,  and  3,- 
387,425  marks  ($806,207)  on  account  of 
sickness  pensions.  The  General  Pension 
Fund  was  reimbursed  to  the  extent  of 
390,528  marks  ($92,946)  by  the  Mine 
Owners'  or  Operators'  Mutual  Insurance 
Accident  Institution,  liable  by  law  for 
widows'  pensions  on  account  of  mine 
accidents. 

Mine  Owners  Association  Pays  76  per 

Cent,  of  Widows'  Pensions  on 

Account  of  Mine  Accidents 

The  average  widow's  pension  during 
1909  was  187.44  marks  ($44.61),  or 
337.74  marks  ($80.38)  for  the  widows  of 
mine  officials,  and  176.61  marks  ($42.03) 
for  the  widows  of  mine  workmen.  Con- 
sidering mine  workmen  only,  the  aver- 
age accident  pension  to  widows  was 
144.22  marks  ($34.32),  and  the  average 
sickness  pension  183.45  marks  ($43.66). 
Of  the  former  amount  the  average  re- 
turn made  by  the  Mine  Owners  or  Oper- 
ators' Mutual  Insurance  Accident  Institu- 
tion was  109.54  marks  (.$26.07),  leaving 
a  net  payment  on  this  account  by  the 
Pension  Fund  of  34.68  marks  ($8.25),  or 
24  per  cent. 

Economic  Effects  of  Sickness  Strik- 
ingly Shown 

The  net  increase  in  the  number  of 
widows'  pensions  during  the  year  1909 
was  2049,  of  which  460  were  accident 
pensions,  and   1589    were    sickness    pen- 

*StatlMllclan,  rnidi'iillnl  Life  Tnfiirniipo 
Compnn.v.  Newark,  N.  .T. 


sions.  Of  the  2049  new  pensions,  872 
were  from  the  active  membership  of  the 
Fund,  and  1177  were  from  the  inactive  or 
invalid  membership.  These  figures  em- 
phasize the  two  sources  of  the  pension 
payments  to  widows,  the  claimants  be- 
ing either:  first,  the  widows  of  men. 
killed  while  at  work,  or  of  men  acci- 
dentally injured  or  incapacitated  with  re- 
sulting death;  and,  second,  the  widows  of 
men  dying  from  general  causes,  leaving, 
as  the  case  may  be,  dependent  children, 
or  other  dependent  members  of  the  fam- 
ily, which,  under  the  law,  are  provided 
for.  Of  every  100  new  pension  cases  of 
this  class,  42.6  were  from  the  active  mem- 
bership and  57.4  from  the  invalid  mem- 
bership, but  the  proportions  are  widely  at 
variance  according  to  the  pensionable 
cause,  having  been  90.7  per  cent,  for  the 
active  membership  in  the  case  of  acci- 
dent pensions,  and  only  28.6  per  cent,  in 
the  case  of  sickness  pensions;  the  cor- 
responding proportions  for  the  invalid 
membership  were  9.3  per  cent,  for  acci- 
dent pensions,  and  71.4  per  cent,  for 
sickness  pensions.  These  are  extremely 
suggestive  figures,  emphasizing  the  truly 
tremendous  economic  importance  of  sick- 
ness and  invalidity  more  or  less  the  result 
of  industrial  activity.  They  prove  that 
by  far  the  largest  proportion  of  depend- 
ent widows  require  to  be  provided  for 
on  account  of  mine  workers'  previous 
sickness  or  physical  impairment,  or  in- 
capacity to  work,  while  actually  and  rela- 
tively a  much  smaller  proportion  of  such 
cases  arises  out  of  mine  accidents  and 
their  resulting  consequences. 

Additional  proof  of  the  economic  im- 
portance of  the  whole  question  of  social 
dependence  is  brought  out  by  the  fact 
that  the  average  age  of  widows  of  active 
members  pensioned  during  1909  was  only 
36.3  years,  or,  respectively,  40.5  years  for 
widows  of  mine  officials,  and  36.1  years 
for  widows  of  mine  workmen.  Con- 
sidering mine  workmen  only,  the  average 
r.ge  of  widows  of  accident  pensioners 
was  33.9  years,  and  of  sickness  pen- 
sioners, 38.1  years.  The  average  age  of 
widows  of  invalidity  pensioners  was  53.2 
years,  or,  respectively,  58.8  years  for 
mine  officials,  and  52.8  years  for  mine 
workmen.  Considering  mine  workmen 
only,  the  average  age  of  widows  of  acci- 
dent pensioners  was  41  years,  and  of 
sickness  pensioners,  53.3  years. 

Working  Life  Less  than  20  Years 

The  average  duration  of  previous  oc- 
cupational  activity,   of  the   active   deced- 


ents, was  16.0  years,  and  of  decedents 
among  the  invalids,  22.6  years.  Among 
the  former  the  average  duration  of  pre- 
vious employment  was  23.2  years  for 
mine  officials,  and  15.5  years  for  mine 
workmen.  Considering  mine  workmen 
only,  the  average  duration  of  previous 
employment  was  13.9  years  in  accident 
pension  cases,  and  17.0  years  in  sickness 
pension  cases.  Among  the  deceased  in- 
validity pensioners  the  average  duration 
of  previous  employment  was  30.2  years 
for  mine  officials,  and  22.1  years  for  mine 
workmen.  Considering  mine  workmen 
only,  the  average  duration  of  previous 
employment  was  13.7  years  in  the  case  of 
accident  pension  cases,  and  22.5  years  in 
the  case  of  sickness  pension  cases. 

Over   One-third  of  Pensioned  Widows 
Remarry 

During  the  year  1909  there  were  1318 
widows'  pensions  terminated,  of  which 
759  were  on  account  of  death,  and  559 
on  account  of  remarriage.  Among 
widows  in  receipt  of  pensions  the  death 
rate  was  3.56  per  cent,  and  the  re- 
marriage rate  2.63  or  a  total  termina- 
tion rate  of  6.19  per  cent.  The  death 
rate  among  widows  receiving  accident 
pensions  was  1.1  per  cent.,  and  among 
widows  receiving  sickness  pensions  4.06 
per  cent.  The  remarriage  rate  among 
widows  receiving  accident  pensions  was 
5.81  per  cent,  and  among  widows  re- 
ceiving sickness  pensions,   1.99  per  cent. 

The  average  age  at  death  of  widows 
receiving  pensions  was  68.9  years,  or 
70.2  years  for  widows  of  mine  officials 
and  68.8  years  for  widows  of  mine  work- 
men. Considering  mine  workmen  only, 
the  average  age  at  death  was  56.7 
5  ears  for  widows  receiving  accident  pen- 
sions and  69:5  years  for  widows  receiving 
sickness  pensions.  The  average  age  at  re- 
marriage,of  all  widows  receiving  pensions, 
was  37.6  years,  or  39.0  years  for  widows 
of  mine  officials,  and  37.6  years  for 
widows  of  mine  workmen.  Considering 
mine  workmen  only,  the  average  age  at 
remarriage  was  33.6  years  for  widows  re- 
ceiving accident  pensions,  and  39.9  years 
for  widows  receiving  sickness  pensions. 

Average  Widow's  Pension  Lasts  10 
Years 

The  average  duration  of  pension  pay- 
ments to  widows,  terminated  during  1909, 
\s  as  10.5  years,  or  13.7  years  for  widows 
of  mine  officials,  and  10.3  years  for 
widows  of  mine  workmen.  The  average 
duration  of  pensions  terminated  by  death 


November  12,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


957 


was  15.1  years,  and  by  remarriage  4.2 
years.  For  mine  workmen  only  the  aver- 
ages were  exactly  the  same.  Considering, 
however,  only  the  widows  of  mine  work- 
men receiving  accident  pensions,  the  aver- 
age duration  during  which  the  pension 
was  paid  was  12.1  years  in  the  case  of 
pensions  terminated  by  death,  and  3.8 
years  in  the  case  of  pensions  terminated 
by  remarriage.  In  the  case  of  sickness 
pensions  these  averages  were,  15.3  years 
for  pensions  terminated  by  death,  and  4.4 
years  for  pensions  terminated  by  re- 
marriage. 

Last  Year  31,586  Children  of  Invalid 
Members  were  Provided  For 

The  invalidity  pension  fund  includes 
provision  for  the  children  of  invalid  or 
deceased  members,  but  changes  in  the 
law  have  been  made  within  recent  years, 
v.ihich  indicate  a  transfer  of  the  liability 
for  some  of  the  dependents  of  this  class 
to  other  funds.  In  1909  there  were  31,- 
586  children  of  invalid  members  provided 
for  by  the  fund,  of  which  5445  were  acci- 
dent pensioners,  and  26,141  sickness 
pensioners.  The  ratio  of  children  entitled 
to  pensions  to  pension-receiving  mem- 
bers was  0.99  in  1909,  having  gradually 
diminished  on  account  of  changes  in  the 
law  from  1.28  in  1907.  In  1909  the  ra- 
tio of  pensioned  children  was  0.51  for 
mine  officials,  and  1.01  for  mine  work- 
men. The  total  amount  paid  out  on  ac- 
count of  pension-receiving  children  was 
1,215,321  marks  (S289,246).  The  aver- 
age pension  or  benefit  paid  to  children 
of  mine  officials  was  53.66  marks 
(S12.77),  to  mine  workmen,  38.13  marks 
(S9.07),  and  to  both  classes  combined, 
38.48  marks  ($9.16).  The  average  at- 
tained age  of  pensioned  children  in  1909 
was  7.9  years,  or  8.7  years  for  the  child- 
ren of  mine  officials,  and  7.9  years  for 
the  children  of  mine  workmen. 

Provision     for     Dependent     Half 
Orphans 

Quite  distinct  from  the  foregoing  class 
of  children,  that  is,  those  whose  fathers 
were  members  of  the  invalidity  pension 
fund,  and  whose  support  was,  therefore, 
provided  for,  more  or  less,  through  the 
fund,  are  the  children  of  pensioned 
widows,  which  are  considered  as  a  sep- 
arate class.  The  number  of  such  child- 
ren in  1909  was  18,957,  of  which  5424 
were  children  pensioned  under  accident, 
pensions,  and  13,533  were  children  pen- 
sioned under  sickness  pensions.  The 
ratio  of  children  to  pensioned  widows 
was  0.9,  or  0.5  for  widows  of  mine  offi- 
cials, and  0.9  for  widows  of  mine  work- 
men. That  is  to  say,  while  the  number 
of  pensioned  widows  at  the  end  of  the 
year  was  20.860,  the  number  of  children 
of  such  widows  on  the  pension  roll  of 
the  fund  was  18.957.  The  low  ratio  of 
children  to  widows  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  only  children  under  14  years  of  age 
are  provided  for  on  account  of  their  nat- 


ural dependence  and  for  educational  pur- 
poses. On  account  of  the  lower  average 
age  of  widows  receiving  accident  pen- 
sions the  ratio  of  dependent  children  In 
widows  was  1.5  against  0.8  for  widows 
receiving  sickness  pensions.  The  total 
amount  of  pensions  paid  on  this  account 
in  1909  was  742,313  marks  (.S176,670), 
or  an  average  pension  of  39.16  marks 
(89.32)  for  every  pensioned  child,  or 
70.18  marks  (S16.70)  for  the  children  of 
mine  officials,  and  37.99  marks  (S9.04) 
for  the  children  of  mine  workmen.  The 
average  amount  paid  in  children's  pen- 
sions to  every  widow  on  the  pension  roll 
in  1909  was  35.59  marks  (S8.47),  or 
34.36  marks  (S8.18)  for  the  widows  of 
mine  officials  and  35.67  marks  (S8.49) 
for  the  widows  of  mine  workmen.  Con- 
sidering mine  workmen  only,  the  amount 
paid  to  widows  receiving  accident  pen- 
sions was  58.18  marks  (S13.85),  and  to 
widows  receiving  sickness  pensions 
30.92  marks  (57.36). 

Children    Pensioned    only    until    14 
Years  of  Age 

The  number  of  widows  pensioned  in 
1909  was  previously  given  as  2049;  these 
brought  upon  the  fund  3873  pensionable 
children.  The  ratio  of  such  children  to 
pensionable  widows  was,  therefore,  1.72. 
The  ratio  of  pensionable  children  to 
v/idows  receiving  accident  pensions  was 
2.5,  and  for  widows  receiving  sickness 
pensions,  1.5.  In  other  words,  the  ratio 
of  pensionable  children  is  naturally  much 
larger  among  the  new  members  of  the 
fund  than  among  the  membership  of  the 
fund  as  a  whole.  This  is,  of  course, 
accounted  for  by  the  increasing  age  of 
the  children  of  previously  pensioned 
members,  which  constantly  eliminates 
those  who  have  attained  to  the  age  of  14 
years.  This  also  explains  why  the  rela- 
tive amounts  are  much  larger  in  the  case 
of  new  members  than  in  the  case  of  the 
total  membership  of  the  fund,  since  the 
new  members  have  relatively  nearly 
twice  the  number  of  children  to  be  pro- 
vided for.  That  is  to  say,  while  the  ratio 
of  pensionable  children  to  widows  was 
0.9  for  the  fund  as  a  whole,  it  was  1.7 
for  the  widows  pensioned  in  1909;  and 
while  the  average  amount  paid  in  pen- 
sions to  a  widow  on  account  of  de- 
pendent children  in  1909  was  35.59 
marks  ($8.47)  for  the  child  annuitants  as 
a  whole,  it  was  68.58  marks  ($16.32)  for 
the  new  claimants  of  this  class  upon  the 
fund. 

The  average  age  of  the  children  of 
widows  receiving  pensions  in  1909  was 
8.6  years,  or  8.0  years  for  the  children 
of  widows  receiving  accident  pensions, 
and  8.9  years  for  the  children  of  widows 
receiving  sickness  pensions.  Thes%  ages 
are  slightly  above  the  corresponding  ages 
of  the  dependent  children  of  invalidity 
members,  which  constitute  a  separate 
class. 


Classification    of    Pensionable  . 
Children 

Aside  from  the  foregoing  two  groups 
cf  dependent  children  provided  for  by 
the  fund,  that  is,  those  whose  fathers 
were  receiving  invalidity  pensions  dur- 
ing their  lifetime,  and  those  whose  moth- 
ers were  receiving  invalidity  pensions  as 
widows,  there  is  a  third  class  of  full 
orphans  provided  for  by  the  fund,  and 
the  number  of  such  dependent  children 
in  1909  was  1159.  Of  this  number  61 
were  the  orphans  of  mine  officials  and 
1098  the  orphans  of  mine  workmen.  The 
total  amount  paid  out  on  account  of  these 
orphans  was  89,697  marks  (S2  ,347), and 
the  average  amount  77.39marks  ($18.42), 
or  112.21  marks  ($26.71)  for  the  orphans 
of  mine  officials,  and  75.46  marks 
($17.96)  for  the  orphans  of  mine  work- 
men. The  average  attained  age  of  these 
children  in  1909  was  exactly  10  years,  or 
9.5  years  for  the  orphans  of  mine  officials 
and  10.0  years  for  the  orphans  of  mine 
workmen. 

Summarizing  these  facts  regarding  the 
support  of  dependent  children  under  the 
previsions  of  the  General  Pension  Fund, 
it  has  been  shown  that  in  1909  there  were 
31,586  dependent  children  of  invalid 
members,  18,957  dependent  children  of 
pensioned  widows,  and  1159  orphans  of 
mine  officials  and  mine  workmen,  or  a 
total  of  51,702.  The  average  duration  of 
children's  pensions  is  not  shown  in  the 
report,  but  it  may  be  approximately  es- 
timated at  from  six  to  seven  years.  Of 
course,  the  actual  amount  paid  is  natural- 
ly lowest  for  the  dependent  children  of 
invalid  pensioners,  whose  own  support  in 
part  provides  for  the  support  of  de- 
pendent children,  and  given  in  the  report 
at  38.48  marks  ($9.16);  the  average 
amount  paid  to  dependent  children  of 
pensioned  widows  was  almost  the  same, 
or  39.16  marks  ($9.32),  while  the  aver- 
age amount  paid  on  account  of  full  or- 
phans was  77.39  marks  ($18.42)  per 
annum. 


Oil    in  Washington 

A  correspondent  reports  that  oil  has 
been  struck  on  the  Christopher  property, 
near  Olympia,  Wash.,  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Grand  Mound  prairie.  Oil  is  said 
to  have  been  found  at  1170  ft.  after 
passing  through  a  30- ft.  vein  of  coal 
about  half-way  down.  One  gas  well  is 
stated  to  have  been  found  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  field,  the  product  of  which 
is  used  in  heating  and  lighting  a  near  by 
ranch  house. 


.Maska  has  now  about  370  miles  of 
railway.  This  mileage,  according  to  the 
press  bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey,  is  distributed  among  nine  differ- 
ent systems.  Construction  work  is  pro- 
ceeding on  two  lines,  and  some  progress 
has  been  made  on  a  number  of  other 
transportation  enterprises. 


958 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


Latest    South   African  Stamp  Mill 
Practice 


London   Correspondence 


Some  interesting  novelties  are  em- 
bodied in  the  new  200-stamp  mill  erect- 
irtg  on  the  City  Deep  mine,  near  Johan- 
nesburg. The  200  stamps  are  arranged 
in  units  of  10,  each  unit  being  driven  by 
a  separate  50-h.p.  motor.  In  order  to 
keep  the  center  of  gravity  as  low  as  pos- 
sible the  stamps,  weighing  2000  lb.  new, 
have  short  stems   and   long  heads. 

For  the  king  posts  reinforced-concrete 
pillars  14  in.  wide,  with  heavy  cast-steel 
frames  on  them,  are  substituted  for  wood. 
This  frame  carries  the  cam  shafts  and 
stem  guides.  The  guide  blocks  for  the 
stems  are  bolted  to  steel  guide  bars,  with 
a   wooden   cushion   between   to   minimize 


thus  provided  around  the  pebble  feed  and 
the  cone  classifiers,  from  which  the  pulp 
is  fed  to  the  mill. 

All  amalgamation  takes  place  after  the 
tube  mills,  in  a  separate  building  erected 
for  the  purpose,  seven  shaking  amalga- 
mating tables  being  provided  for  each 
tube  mill.  The  risks  of  gold  stealing,  and 
accidentally  greasing  the  plates  are  thus 
verv    much    lessened. 


The    Patio  Process 


By  Fred  MacCoy 


I 


* 


Washington  as  a  Mining  State 


The  State  of  Washington  is  credited  by 
the  press  bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey  with  about  60  or  70  pro- 
ductive mines,  most  of  them  being  lode 
mines. 

Stevens  county  is  the  largest  pro- 
ducer of  gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead, 
more  than  half  of  the  gold  of  the  State 


The  patio  process  for  the  extraction  of 
silver  from  its  ores  is  being  so  rapidly 
replaced  by  the  cyanide  process,  that  a 
few  years  more  will  see  its  complete 
abandonment.  As  the  majority  of  young- 
er mining  men  will  never  see  the  process 
in  operation.  I  have  collected  what  data 
I  could  by  observation  and  copious  ques- 
tioning of  the  Mexican  operators  and 
offer  it  for  what  it  is  worth,  without  at- 
tempting to  go  into  the  technique  of  the 
operation. 

The  process,  with  some  slight  devia- 
tions depending  on  locality  and  ores,  is 
as  follows:  The  ore  is  first  sorted  into 
three  grades;  the  best  being  reserved  for 
the  charcoal  smeltery,  the  middle   grade 


Fig.  1.     Old  Spanish  Mill 


Fig.  2.    Recovering  Amalgam  in  Planillas 


vibration.  Perhaps  the  most  interesting 
feature  is  the  fact  that,  in  order  to  lessen 
vibration  and  breakage  of  cam  shafts, 
bearings  are  placed  between  each  stamp, 
as  well  as  in  the  usual  places,  thus  mak- 
ing 1 1  bearings  to  each  cam  shaft.  The 
foundations  for  the  mortar  boxes  are  of 
reinforced  concrete  with  a  half-inch  layer 
of  felt  between  mortar  box  and  founda- 
tion. Steel  and  concrete  are  used 
throughout  practically  the  whole  mill, 
woodwork  being  conspicuous  by  its  ab- 
sence. 

In  order  to  keep  up  the  heavy  expected 
duty  of  nine  tons  per  stamp  per  24  hours, 
each  battery  of  five  stamps  is  provided 
with  two  challenge  feeders,  feeding  be- 
tween the  second  and  fourth  stamps  of 
each   mortar  box. 

An  innovation  in  the  tube-mill  depart- 
ment is  that  the  mills  are  driven  from 
the  outlet  end,  the  inlet  end  being  thereby 
less  crowded.  This  arrangement  is  ob- 
viously less  dangerous  and  more  con- 
venient   for   working,   as   more    room   is 


coming  from  that  county  alone.  The  an- 
nual production  of  the  State  is  estimated 
at  not  over  $250,000  in  gold,  80.000  to 
90,000  fine  ounces  of  silver,  300,000  to 
400,000  lb.  of  copper,  and  1,500,000  lb.  of 
Itad.  There  has  been  little  variation  from 
these  figures  for  several  years,  though  it 
is  expected  that  the  official  returns  for 
1909  will  show  an  increase,  mainly  owing 
to  activities  in  the  Republic  district.  In 
general,  it  may  be  said  that  the  silver, 
copper  and  lead  output  of  Washington 
seems  to  be  slightly  on  the  increase; 
some  falling  off  has  been  apparent  in 
gold,  but  the  amount  has  not  been  large. 
In  the  Republic  district  a  number  of 
mines  have  recently  been  reopened.  The 
amount  of  gold  from  this  district  in  1909 
is  estimated  to  be  probably  double  the 
yield  in  1908.  The  Director  of  the  Alint 
estimates  the  gold  production  of  Wash- 
ington at  $377,900  in  1909.  against  S253,- 
700  in  1908,  and  the  silver  output  at 
73,500  fine  ounces  in  1909,  against  86,800 
fine  ounces  in  1908 


for  the  patio  and  the  lowest  being  thrown 
over  the  dump.  It  is  from  some  of  these 
old  dumps  that  many  of  the  modem 
mills  are  getting  good  profits. 

First  Pulverization  in  Stamp  Mills 
The  middle  grade  is  broken  under 
wooden  stamps  of  about  200-lb.  weight, 
shod  with  iron,  or,  in  many  districts,  in 
a  form  of  Chilean  mill.  Fig.  1,  is  of 
one  of  these  old  mills.  The  iron  wheel  in 
this  mill  was  shipped  from  Spain  in  seg- 
ments weighing  approximately  300  lb., 
and  from  Vera  Cruz  was  freighted  on 
muleback  over  250  miles  of  mountain 
roads.  The  stamps  or  mills  crush  to  l4 
in.  or  smaller,  but  not  fine  enough  for 
amalgamation.  The  fine  grinding  is  done 
in  a  machine  called  arrasire. 

This  arrastre  is  a  circular  masonry  vat 
of  10  to  12  ft.  in  diameter,  with  cut  joints 
in  the  masonry  so  as  to  make  it  water- 
proof.     In   the   middle   of  the   vat   is  a 


♦rhjpf    enijintor.    Ksporanza    mine.    Kl    Oro, 
MpxI.'o. 


November  12,  19ia 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


959 


post  pivoted  on  the  bottom  and  revolving 
in  a  collar  reaching  across  the  vat  over- 
head. From  this  post  project  arms,  us- 
ually four  in  number,  with  one  longer 
than  the  rest,  to  which  hooks  are  at- 
tached for  hitching  horses  or  mules. 
From  these  arms  there  are  suspended  by 
rawhide  ropes,  heavy  blocks  of  granite  or 
other  hard  stone,  which  in  dragging  over 
the  sands,  reduce  them  to  slimes  or 
lama. 

The  usual  charge  of  sands  for  regrind- 
ing  is  30  arrohas  or  750  lb.  Grinding 
commences  and  water  is  added,  little  by 
little,  until  there  has  been  added  an  equal 
weight  to  the  sand  charge,  taking  in  all 
nearly  24  hours.  By  this  time  the  sands 
are  reduced  to  slimes  and  are  ready  for 
the  pafio. 

The  Patio  Described 

The  floor  of  the  patio  is  almost  level, 

with  a  slight  grade   for  drainage,  and  is 

•  paved  with  flagging.     The  paving  stone 


Fig.  3.    Mixing  the  Torta 

used  in  Guanajuato  patios  is  a  sediment- 
ary rock,  the  origin  of  which  was  prob- 
ably volcanic  ash  stratified  by  falling  in 
water.  The  result  is  a  beautiful  green- 
lined  flagstone,  highly  prized  for  orna- 
mental masonry.  On  this  paved  floor  a 
toiia  of  from  75  to  100  tons  of  lama  is 
spread  to  a  depth  of  one  foot,  and  5 
per  cent,  of  salt  added.  The  torta  is  then 
mixed  by  driving  mules  round  and  round 
it,  an  illustration  being  given  in  Fig.  3. 

After  a  thorough  mixing,  the  torta  is 
treated  with  the  maghtrai  (copper  sul- 
phate), about  1  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of 
the  torta  being  added.  Mercury  is  then 
spread  over  the  whole  by  being  shaken 
through  a  canvas  bag,  the  mercury  falling 
in  tiny  globules.  Approximately  5  grams 
of  mercury  is  added  for  each  gram  of  sil- 
ver s\ipposed  to  be  present.  The  torta 
is  again  trodden  for  several  days  or  until 


it  is  judged  to  have  all  of  the  available 
silver  extracted. 

Final  Stage  is  Washing 

It  now  goes  to  the  washing  tanks, 
masonry  cisterns  five  feet  deep  and  eight 
feet  in  diameter,  usually  three  of  them 
with  slightly  different  elevations,  so  that 
the  overflow  of  one  goes  to  the  next.  The 
torta  is  here  thoroughly  washed,  and  the 
slimes  sluiced  out,  leaving  the  amalgam 
behind.  In  some  haciendas  the  tailings 
are  passed  over  planillas\  to  catch  any 
stray  amalgam.  These  planillas  are  seen 
in  Fig.  2. 

The  extraction  by  the  process  varies 
with  the  ores,  as  high  as  90  per  cent, 
being  claimed  for  some  districts,  but  75 
per  cent,  is  nearer  the  average.  In  many 
places  the  tailings  from  the  old  patios 
are  being  retreated  by  cyanidation  with 
good  results.  A  great  many  of  the  older 
buildings  of  Guanajuato  were  built  of 
adobes  made  from  these  slimes,  and 
when  a  section  of  the  older  part  of  the 
city  was  torn  down  to  make  room  for 
the  Mexican  Central  station  grounds  and 
freight  yards  a  lot  of  old  adobes  were 
sold  for  cyaniding,  to  the  San  Matias 
mill. 


Manufacture    of  Metallic  Tungsten 
and  Ferro-Tungsten 


By   L.   R.   Pratt* 


The  raw  material  for  the  manufacture 
of  tungsten  and  its  alloys,  arrives  at  the 
works     in     the     form     of     concentrates 
carrying   60   to   70   per   cent.    W0„    and 
is    sampled     in    the     usual     manner    by 
coning    and    quartering.     A    charge    of 
ore,     mixed     with     a     sufficient     quan- 
tity of  carbonate  of  soda  to  combine  with 
the    tungstic    acid,    is    roasted    for    four 
hours  in  a  gas-fired  brick  furnace,  after 
which  it  is  raked  out  direct  into  a  power- 
driven       dissolver,       containing       water, 
which  is  an  upright    V-shaped    cast-iron 
vessel  with  a  shaft  running  through  the 
bottom  on  which  several  large  cams  re- 
volve.     After    thorough     dissolving,    the 
solution  is  pumped  through  a  filter  press; 
the  press  retains  the  roast  residue,  which 
contains  0.5  to   1  per  cent,  tungsten  and 
is  laid   aside   for  further  treatment;  the 
liquor  passes  by  gravity  to  large  pans  on 
top  of  the  above-mentioned  brick  furnace 
where   it   is  allowed   to  boil   for  several 
hours.     It  is  then  conveyed  to  a  power- 
driven    crystallizer,    containing    a    live- 
steam  coil,  for  further  crystallization.    By 
this  time  the  solution  is  thick  and  heavy 
and     a    large    centrifugal    pump    is    re- 
quired to  pass  it  to  the  next  stage  of  the 
operation,  which  is  to  the  sodium-tung- 
state   filter  press   where   the   crystallized 
tungstate  of  soda  is  extracted,  the  mother 


'Exo.  .vxn  MiN.   .Tiiiiix., 
•Grnssolll.    Ind. 


All«.    20.    I!)lo. 


liquor  running  into  a  vat  for  further 
treatment.  This  material  is  now  con- 
veyed to  a  large  power-driven  mixer  and 
the  proper  proportion  of  HCl  added  to 
precipitate  the  yellow  oxide.  An  eye 
test  is  sufficient  here  to  determine  when 
the  material  is  ready  for  removal.  This 
is  done  by  gravity,  the  solution  going  to 
a  montejus  which  forces  it  into  the  tung- 
stic-acid  filter  press.  After  the  removal 
of  the  yellow  oxide  cakes  from  the  press 
they  are  placed  in  large  iron  pans, 
broken  up  and  the  pans  placed  in  a  gas- 
fired  oven  which  has  sliding  doors  in  the 
sides  for  the  insertion  of  rakes  to  further 
break  up  and  turn  over  the  oxide  as  it  is 
drying,  after  which  the  tungstic  acid  is 
thoroughly  mixed  with  a  secret  com- 
pound, which  acts  as  a  reducing  agent; 
clay-lined  crucibles  are  filled  with  the 
mixture  and  sealed  up  with  air-tight  clay 
caps.  The  crucibles  are  now  set  in  a 
gas-fired  crucible  furnace  where,  after 
several  hours  of  heating,  the  contents 
are  reduced  to  powder  metal  of  99.25 
per  cent,  to  99.50  per  cent,  purity,  car- 
bon 0.50  to  0.15  per  cent.  The  result- 
ing metal  in  the  crucible  is  in  the  form 
of  a  closely  sintered  mass  which  has  to 
be  loosened  up  with  a  hand  bar.  It  is 
then  dumped  into  iron  pans,  conveyed  to 
a  pebble  mill  and  ground.  Specific  grav- 
ity tests  by  English  and  American 
authorities  showed  this  metal  to  be  19  to 
19.25. 

Production   of   Ferro-Tungsten 

The  concentrates  are  placed  in  a  clay- 
lined  crucible  with  the  proper  proportion 
of    steel     (low-carbon    steel — preferably 
tool-steel  scrap),  rod  graphite  and  a  se- 
cret  compound    to   assist   reduction    and 
fluxing  and  the  crucibles  placed  in  a  gas- 
fired   crucible    furnace    and   smelted    for 
several  hours  at  a  high  heat.     For  a  30 
per.  cent,  tungsten  alloy  a  crucible  will 
last  on  an  average  of  three  heats.     For 
a   65  to  75  per  cent,   tungsten   alloy,   a 
crucible  will  last  but  one  heat,  and  often 
will  crumble  when  being  lifted  from  fur- 
nace.    The  higher  grade  alloys,  such  as 
85   per   cent.,    are    made    in    the    electric 
furnace  directly   from  the  tungsten  con-    . 
centrales  and  steel.     This  alloy  contains 
from    1    to    1.5  per  cent,  carbon.     How- 
ever, an  exceptionally  pure  80  to  85  per 
cent,  tungsten  alloy  can  be  made  by  heat- 
ing   the    powder    metal    with    low-carbon 
steel  scrap  in  the  crucible  furnace.     This 
operation  requires  much  lower  heat.     Of 
course,    this    latter   is    not    an   economic 
success  as  usually  a  better  price  is  re- 
ceived for  the  powder  metal  than  for  the 
alloy,  although  at  one  time  steel  manu- 
facturers offered  a  higher  price  for  a  75 
to  80  per  cent,  alloy  than   for  the  pure 
powder   metal,    claiming    that   they    sus- 
tained   a   loss   of   the   powder   metal    by 
dusting,  when  it  was  added  to  the  charge, 
whereas  with  the  high-grade  alloy  they 
got  the  benefit  of  everything  added. 


960 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


The   Outlook  for    Hydrometallurgy  of   Copper 

Discussion  of  the  Limitations  of  Smelting  Processes.    Difficulties  of  the  Wet 
Methods.     Theoretical  Advantages  in  Their  Favor.      Present  Processes 


BY    WILLIAM    E.    GREENAWALT 


Chemical  methods  have  revolutionized 
the  metallurgy  of  gold  and  silver,  and  it 
is  not  at  all  improbable  that  they  will 
also  be  an  important  factor  in  the  metal- 
lurgy of  copper.  Practically  all  the  cop- 
per produced  at  the  present  time  is  won 
from  ores  by  smelting,  converting,  and 
electrolytic  refining.  In  most  of  the 
smaller  plants,  however,  matte  is  the  end 
product. 

Copper  ores,  as  a  rule,  are  not  self- 
fluxing.  Many  ores  do  not  contain  suffi- 
cient sulphur  to  produce  a  suitable  matte. 
Not  infrequently  sulphide  ores  are 
hauled  several  hundred  miles  to  provide 
the  sulphur  necessary  for  matte  when 
smelting  oxidized  ores.  For  smelting, 
coke,  iron,  limestone  and  sulphur  are 
required.  As  an  average  of  about  10 
per  cent,  of  coke  is  required  for  blast- 
furnace smelting,  fuel  becomes  expen- 
sive unless  the  smeltery  is  favorably 
situated.  More  fuel  is  required  in  re- 
verberatory  than  in  blast-furnace  smelt- 
ing, approximating  30  per  cent,  of  the 
furnace  charge.  Iron  and  limestone  for 
fluxing  purposes  are  usually  found  close 
to  the  copper  deposits,  but  these  fluxes 
are  frequently  barren  of  metal  content 
and  so  act  as  a  diluent  of  the  ores. 

Small  Smelteries  Ship  an  Inter- 
mediate Product 
At  the  smaller  smelteries,  converters 
are  not  usually  installed.  Under  such 
conditions  smelting  is  simply  a  method 
of  concentration.  The  resulting  matte, 
containing  from  30  to  50  per  cent,  of 
copper,  has  to  be  shipped  to  the  refineries. 
The  limitations  of  smelting  are  economic 
and  not  technical.  Almost  any  ore  can 
be  smelted,  but  it  is  not  always  profit- 
able. In  treating  the  ores  by  a  chemical 
process,  economic  considerations  again 
arc  the  guiding  factor.  The  whole  matter, 
therefore,  resolves  itself  to  a  matter  of 
cost  per  ton  of  ore  treated  or  pound  of 
copper  produced. 

Typical  Treatment  Terms  for  Ore 
Unless  a  chemical  process  can  be  de- 
vised to  treat  profitably  the  or,es  from  the 
smaller  mines,  the  only  alternative  lies 
in  smelting  to  a  copper  matte  or  ship- 
ping it  to  some  smeltery.  The  follow- 
ing example  will  illustrate  what  it  means 
to  ship  Arizona  ores.  The  ores  assayed 
gold,  $2.70  per  ton;  silver,  18  oz.;  Cu, 
21  per  cent.;  SiO:,  68;  Fe,  5;  CaO,  1; 
Mn,  1;  CO:,  2;  insoluble,  2.  The  pay- 
ments were: 

•Knpflnecr     and     mntallurglst,     154     Wcat 
C'otlar   (ivemie,    Denver,   Colo. 


Gold  if  over  one-tenth  ounce  at  $19 
per  oz. ;  silver  if  over  one  ounce  at  95 
per  cent,  of  the  New  York  quotations; 
copper  if  3  per  cent,  or  over  at  90  per 
cent,  of  full  wet  assay  at  the  quotation 
for  electrolytic  cathodes  less  three  cents 
per  pound.  All  metallic  iron  paid  for  at 
five  cents  per  unit,  and  lime  if  over  3 
per  cent,  at  six  cents  per  unit.  The 
deductions  were  10c.  per  unit  for  all  in- 
soluble; 5  per  cent,  of  zinc  free,  the 
excess  at  50c.  per  unit,  and  arsenic, 
antimony  and  bismuth,  3  per  cent,  free, 
the  excess  at  50c.  per  unit.  The  treat- 
ment charges  were  f.  o.  b.  smeltery,  on 
basis  of  3  per  cent,  copper,  wet  assay,  $3 
per  short  ton,  10c.  deducted  for  each  per 
cent,  of  copper  contained  in  excess  of  3 
per  cent.;  moisture,  minimum  allowed 
was  1  per  cent.  To  the  treatment  charge 
was  added  SI. 50  per  ton  when  any  lot 
contained  concentrates  or  fines,  of  which 
25  per  cent,  would  pass  through  a 
screen  with  opening  %  in.  square.  The 
sampling  charge  on  lots  of  under  two 
tons  was  S2  per  lot. 

Value  and  Treatment  Charges  Com- 
pared 

Taking  these  rates  on  this  silicious  ore 
we  find  that  the  actual  value  of  the  metal 
in  the  ore  is  $66.30.  The  smelter  deduc- 
tions are  818.63.  There  is  a  credit  of 
25c.  for  the  5  per  cent,  of  iron,  and  a 
deduction  of  $7  for  the  70  per  cent,  in- 
soluble. The  quoted  treatment  charge 
on  the  ore  is  $1.30  per  ton.  The  full 
smelting  value  of  the  ore  is  $66.55.  The 
total  deductions,  not  including  moisture, 
etc.,  are  S26.93.  It  costs  S8  for  freight 
and  cartage  to  get  this  ore  into  the 
smeltery,  to  say  nothing  of  sampling 
charges  and  other  incidental  expenses. 
Therefore  the  total  expense  and  deduc- 
tions for  shipping  this  ore  are  not  less 
than  $34.93  per  ton,  although  the  nominal 
treatment  cost  is  only  $1.30  per  ton. 

Wet  Method  Needed 

As  this  ore  is  typical  of  numerous  de- 
posits in  the  West  it  shows  why  many 
mines  are  unprofitable.  In  view  of  these 
facts  it  seems  strange  that  no  decisive 
advance  has  been  made  in  the  chemical 
treatment  of  copper  ores.  The  example 
given  could  be  treated  chemically  at 
only  a  fraction  of  the  cost  for  shipping 
or  smelting.  The  difficulty  in  chemical 
methods  has  been  largely  commercial. 
Sulphuric  acid  and  iron  for  the  ordinary 
chemical  process  are  not  always  eco- 
nomically     available.        However,      the 


method  need  not  be  limited  to  sulphuric 
acid  as  the  solvent,  nor  to  iron  as  the 
precipitant.  The  problem,  therefore,  is  to 
find  a  solvent  which  can  be  cheaply  pro- 
duced and  cheaply  regenerated,  and  to 
find  a  precipitant  which  is  commercially 
feasible. 

Predictions  of  Various  Metallurgists 

The  practical  solution  of  the  treatment 
of  copper  ores  by  chemical  processes  is 
optimistically  predicted  by  metallurgists 
and  electrometallurgists  of  note,  as  may 
be  gathered  from  a  few  typical  opinions. 
Sherard  O.  Cowper-Coles  (in  a  paper 
presented  at  the  Bristol  meeting  of  the 
British  Institution  of  Mechanical  En- 
gineers, July  26,  1908)  states  that  "the 
advantages  of  an  electrolytic  process  as 
compared  to  a  smelting  process  are 
many,  and  the  day  is  not  far  distant 
when  copper  will  no  doubt  be  leached 
direct  from  the  ore  and  electrolyzed  with 
insoluble  anodes  to  produce  finished 
copper  sheets,  etc.,  in  one  operation  di- 
rect from  the  ore  without  any  intermed- 
iate process  of  smelting."  Bertram 
Blount  (  in  his  book  "Practical  Electro- 
chemistry," page  88)  states  that  "it  is 
evident  that  the  electrolytic  winning  of 
copper  as  distinct  from  its  refining,  has 
not  yet  been  remuneratively  accom- 
plished; that  it  will  be  achieved  in  the 
near  future  is  probable  enough." 

A  Great  Field  for  Invention 

"Meanwhile  it  presents  an  excellent 
field  for  invention,  but  what  is  wanted  is 
perhaps  not  so  much  a  totally  new  de- 
vice as  a  well-schemed  plan  embodying 
perhaps  nothing  but  what  is  common 
knowledge  but  planned  so  as  to  be  thor- 
oughly permanent  as  a  whole  and  with 
its  perishable  parts  easily  and  cheaply 
renewable."  When  these  difficulties  have 
been  surmounted,  the  chemical,  and  espe- 
cially the  electrochemical  methods,  will 
have  to  be  reckoned  with  in  the  copper 
industry.  When  the  deposition  of  the 
copper  by  the  electric  current  with  in- 
soluble anodes  is  satisfactorily  accom- 
ph'shed,  power  will  be  the  most  important 
factor.  This  is  now  rendered  available 
almost  anywhere  by  the  high-tension 
now  in  use. 

Reqirements  of  a  Successful  Process 

Many  copper  ores  contain  silver,  and 
some  contain  gold  in  paying  quantities. 
Any  wet  method  to  treat  successfully 
this  character  of  ore  must  extract  the 
silver    and    gold;    or    conversely,    if    the 


November  12,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


961 


ore  has  the  greatest  value  in  the  pre- 
cious metals  the  copper  must  be  profit- 
ably extracted  with  the  other  metals. 

A  successful  wet  method  must  to  a 
large  extent  be  regenerative.  To  use  the 
solvent  for  only  one  dissolving  of  the  cop- 
per from  the  ore,  and  the  precipitant  for 
one  precipitation,  is  in  most  cases  pro- 
hibitive. In  regeneration,  however,  some- 
thing must  be  consumed,  either  chem- 
icals or  power,  or  both.  The  cost  of 
these  chemicals  or  power  will  be  the  cru- 
cial test  of  the  process. 

Ordinary  Sulphuric  Acid  Method  Non- 
regenerative 

By  the  ordinary  method  of  dissolving 
the  copper  with  sulphuric  acid,  and  pre- 
jipitating  with  iron,  neither  acid  nor  iron 
is  available  for  more  than  one  cycle,  and 
hence  the  process  which  is  chemically  ad- 
;mirable  is  commercially  inadequate.  If  a 
:hemical  precipitant  is  used,  as  for  ex- 
ample hydrogen  sulphide, 

Cu  SO4  -i  H.  S  =  Cu  S  +  H;  SO, 
he  acid  may  be  regenerated  in  an  amount 
jquivalent  to  that  combined  with  the 
;opper,  but  the  copper  is  precipitated  as 
he  sulphide  and  not  as  metallic  copper. 
The  cheap  production  of  hydrogen  sul- 
phide in  the  large  amounts  required 
.vould  be  one  of  the  essentials  of  a 
process  based  on  this  reaction,  but  this 
s  not  an   insurmountable   difficulty. 

In  electrolytic  methods  power  is  the 
)rincipal  element  consumed.  Taking, 
igain,  the  case  in  which  the  copper  is 
dissolved  as  sulphate  by  sulphuric  acid, 
ve  have 

lu  SO,  +  electric  current  =  Cu  -f  Sd 
SO,  +  H,  O  =  H:  SO,  +  O 

n  which  the  coper  is  precipitated  as  the 
netal,  while  an  amount  of  acid  is  regen- 
5rated  equal  to  that  combined  with  the 
;opper. 

This  looks  simple  enough;  neverthe- 
css  there  are  difficulties  to  its  practical 
■ealization.  In  smelting  there  is  no  diffi- 
;ulty  in  getting  good  results  from  ore 
having  10  per  cent,  lime,  30  per  cent, 
iron,  and  40  per  cent,  silica;  the  diffi- 
:ulty  lies  in  getting  such  a  mixture.  So 
n  the  electrolysis  of  copper-sulphate  so- 
lutions obtained  from  leaching  ores,  there 
are  many  difficulties  to  overcome. 

One  of  the  greatest  of  these  difficulties 
lies  in  the  insoluble  anode.  No  satis- 
factory insoluble  anode  has  yet  been  dis- 
covered for  sulphate  solutions.  Lead 
has  given  the  best  results,  but  the  lead 
lis  peroxidized  to  some  extent,  and  the 
Jifficulties  with  the  lead  anode  are  greater 
than  the  difficulties  of  the  copper  cath- 
lode.  If  the  solution  is  pure  and  the 
current  density  low,  there  is  no  difficulty 
in  getting  a  reguline  cathode  deposit  of 
|any  reasonable  thickness.  If,  however, 
the  solution  is  impure,  as  it  is  certain  to 
be,  and  a  current  density  used  which 
might  be  considered  practical,  a  reguline 


deposit  cannot  be  obtained,  and  the  diffi- 
culties become  exasperating. 

Theoretical    Efficiency    of    Electro- 
lysis 

Theoretically,  copper  sulphate  is  elec- 
trolyzed  at  1.2  volts,  and  the  current  will 
deposit  2.614  lb.  per  1000  ampere- 
hours.  That  is  to  say,  a  current  of  1000 
amp.,  in  one  hour,  in  one  cell,  will  de- 
posit 2.014  lb.  of  copper.  Or  figured  in 
another  way,  one  horsepower  per  day  of 
24  hours  will  deposit  38.9  lb.  of  copper. 
Under  these  conditions  the  cost  of  power 
is  not  a  serious  item.  It  is  one  thing, 
however,  to  pass  a  current  through  the 
electrolyte  at  so  low  a  current  density 
as  to  get  nearly  the  theoretical  voltage, 
and  quite  another  thing  to  drive  it  through 
nt  the  rate  of  25  to  75  amp.  per  sq.ft.  to 
bring  the  size  of  the  electrolytic  installa- 
tion within  reasonable  limits. 

The  acid  consumed  in  the  treatment  of 
the  ore  is  always  greater  than  that  com- 
bining with  the  copper  alone.  As  in  the 
cyanide  and  chlorination  processes,  in 
which  only  a  small  proportion  of  the 
chemicals  is  consumed  in  actually  dis- 
solving the  metals,  so  in  a  copper  process 
much  of  the  acid  consumed  is  wasted  on 
worthless  elements.  This  extra  consump- 
tion of  acid  must  be  provided  for  either 
by  purchase,  or  by  some  scheme  of  extra 
regeneration. 

No  Universal  Method  Yet  for  Copper, 
Gold  and  Silver 

Neither  gold  nor  silver  is  soluble  in  sul- 
phate solutions,  so  that  when  sulphuric 
acid  is  the  basis  of  the  solvent  an  extra 
treatment  must  be  resorted  to,  if  the  ore 
contains  precious  metals  worth  recovering. 
Cyaniding  is  usually  suggested  as  the 
method  of  recovering  the  precious  metals 
after  the  acid  treatment  for  the  copper. 
Anyone  who  has  tried  this  on  a  work- 
ing scale  will  know  that  it  is  not  an  easy 
thing  to  do.  The  changing  of  large  quan- 
tities of  any  ore  from  extreme  acidity  to 
the  alkalinity  necessary  for  the  success- 
ful application  of  the  cyanide  is  a  matter 
for  serious  consideration. 

Copper  solutions  obtained  as  the  re- 
sult of  leaching  ores  are  usually  impure. 
To  what  extent  these  impurities  will  in- 
terfere with  the  process  will  depend 
largely  on  the  nature  of  the  ore  and  the 
means  adopted  for  the  purification  of  the 
solution  when  it  becomes  so  foul  as  to 
interfere  seriously  with  the  operation.  No 
electrolytic  method  is  likely  to  be  gen- 
erally successful  if  purification  is  neces- 
sary at  every  cycle.  Iron  salts,  in  sul- 
phate solutions,  are  likely  to  lower  the 
efficiency  of  the  deposition,  because  the 
current  changes  the  iron  from  the  ferric 
to  the  ferrous  condition  and  back  again, 
as  the  solution  passes  from  cathode  to 
anode  and  from  anode  to  cathode,  with 
useless  expenditure  of  energy.  To  ob- 
viate this,  and  other  difficulties,  dia- 
phragms have  been  used,  but  diaphragms 


again  introduce  an  element  into  the  ope- 
ration  which   complicates  it. 

In  addition  to  the  ordinary  sulphuric- 
acid  process  above  mentioned,  two  other 
electrolytic  processes  have  become  more 
or  less  known,  but  neither  of  these  has 
achieved  commercial  success.  Both  of 
these  processes  require  diaphragms  in  the 
electrolysis,  and  the  failure  of  both  of 
them  has  been  more  due  to  the  chemistry 
than  to  the  electrolysis. 

Siemens-Halske  Process 

In  the  Siemens-Halske  process  a  so- 
lution of  ferric  sulphate  is  used  as  the 
solvent  of  the  copper;  the  ferric  sulphate 
being  converted  into  the  ferrous  sulphate. 

Cu,  S  H    2  Fe.  (SO,),  =  2  Cu  SO,  + 
4  Fe  SO.  +  S. 

The  solution  of  ferrous  and  cupric  sul- 
phates is  then  passed  through  the  cathode 
compaitment  of  an  electrolytic  cell, 
where  the  copper  is  deposited.  The  solu- 
tion freed  from  copper  is  then  passed 
through  the  anode  compartment,  where 
the  ferrous  sulphate  is  regenerated  to 
ferric  sulphate.  The  regenerated  ferric- 
sulphate  solution  is  again  applied  to  the 
ore,  and  the  cycle  repeated  until  the 
copper  is  sufficiently  extracted. 

When  a  solution  containing  ferrous 
and  cupric  sulphate  is  electrolyzed,  cop- 
per is  deposited  while  the  iron  remains 
in  solution.  If  the  electrolysis  is  per- 
formed in  a  cell  without  a  porous  dia- 
phragm the  ferrous  sulphate  is  oxidized  to 
ferric  sulphate  at  the  anode,  and  reduced 
again  to  ferrous  sulphate  at  the  cathode. 
The  power  represented  by  these  changes 
appears  as  heat,  and  is  useless.  It 
therefore  becomes  necessary  to  keep  the 
anode  solution  separate  from  the  cathode 
solution  to  save  this  useless  expenditure 
of  energy  and  to  return  the  solution  to 
the  ore  as  ferric  sulphate,  which  dis- 
solves copper,  while  the  ferrous  sulphate 
does  not.  The  diaphragm  problem  need 
not  be  serious  in  the  process.  What  is 
serious  is  the  lack  of  a  suitable  insol- 
uble anode,  and  the  indifferent  nature 
of  the  solvent.  Ferric  sulphate  is  not  an 
energetic  solvent  of  copper.  The  time 
required  for  the  solution  of  the  copper 
and  the  fineness  to  which  the  ore  must 
be  crushed  are  important  factors  in  prac- 
tical  operation. 

Hoepfner  Process 

The  Hoepfner  process,  while  some- 
what similar  to  the  Siemens-Halske  pro- 
cess, does  not  present  entirely  the  same 
difficulties.  In  the  Hoepfner  process 
cupric  chloride  is  the  solvent,  which  in 
dissolving  the  copper,  is  converted  to  the 
cuprous  chloride.  The  fundamental  re- 
actions of  the  process  are, 

Cu.S  +  2  Cu  CI,  :=  2  Cu,  CL  -f  S 

2  Cu..  CI,  +  electric  current  =  2  Cu  + 

2  Cu  CI,. 

The     cuprous     chloride     solution     is 

passed  through  the  cathode  compartment 


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THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


of  an  electrolytic  cell,  while  another 
portion,  diluted  with  the  exhausted  or 
partially  exhausted  liquor,  is  passed 
through  the  anode  compartment.  A  por- 
tion of  the  copper  in  the  cathode  solu- 
tion is  deposited  on  the  cathode  while 
the  liberated  chlorine  makes  it  appear- 
ance at  the  anode,  where  the  cuprous 
chloride  which  flows  through  the  anode 
compartment  is  converted  into  cupric 
chloride.  The  cupric  chloride  is  then 
again  returned  to  the  ore  to  dissolve  more 
copper,  and  the  cycle  repeated  as  often 
as  may  be  necessary  to  get  the  desired 
extraction. 

This  process  was  tried  in  Europe  in 
1892  but  was  not  successful,  the  reasons 
given  at  that  time  for  its  failure  were 
unsatisfactory  anodes  and  diaphragms. 
Neither  of  these  difficulties  would  be  a 
serious  objection  at  the  present  time; 
suitable  anodes  for  chloride  solutions 
have  long  since  given  satisfactory  re- 
sults, and  the  diaphragms  are  no  longer 
a  serious  obstacle,  however  desirable  it 
may  be  to  dispense  with  them.  The  more 
essential  difficulty  of  the  Hoepfner  pro- 
cess lay  in  the  indifferent  nature  of  the 
solvent.  Cupric  chloride  cannot  be  regarded 
as  an  energetic  solvent  of  copper  either 
from  its  oxide  or  sulphide  ores.  The 
ores  treated  by  this  process  from  the 
Sulitjelma  mines  in  Northern  Norway 
was  a  cupriferous  pyrite  containing  from 
9.5  to  12.25  per  cent,  copper,  and  from 
32.6  to  24.5  per  cent,  iron  This  ore  was 
treated  without  roasting,  and  the  surprise 
is  that  under  such  conditions  the  process 
met  with  any  encouragement  at  all.  When 
large  quantities  of  copper  have  to  be 
extracted  per  day  an  efficient  and  ener- 
getic solvent  must  be  employed. 

Theoretical  Advantage  of  Chloride 
Solvents 

One  advantage  of  the  Hoepfner  pro- 
cess over  a  sulphate  process,  is  that  the 
electric  current  deposits,  theoretically, 
twice  as  much  copper  per  ampere  from 
a  cuprous  solution  as  from  a  cupric  solu- 
tion, e.  g.,  1000  ampere-hours  will  de- 
posit 5.229  lb.  of  copper  from  a  cuprous 
solution  while  the  same  current  will  de- 
posit only  2.614  lb.  from  a  cupric  solu- 
tion. Similarly,  when  iron  is  used  as  the 
precipitant,  twice  as  much  copper  is  pre- 
cipitated per  pound  of  iron  from  a  cu- 
prous solution  as  from  a  cupric  solution, 
and  this  is  one  of  the  advantages  of  the 
Hunt-Douglas  copper  process  as  com- 
pared with  direct  precipitation  from  a 
sulphate  solution.  Later,  Douglas  pro- 
posed electrolyzing  the  solid  cuprous 
chloride  to  deposit  the  copper,  instead  of 
i;sing   iron. 

various  other  chemical  and  electro- 
chemical methods  have  been  devised  to 
do  for  copper  what  chlorination  and 
cyanidation  have  done  forgold  and  silver. 
There  is  no  reason  why  some  of  these 
should  not  be  operated  successfully  under 
favorable  conditions.  Every  metallurgical 


process  has  its  limitations,  and  the  wis- 
dom of  the  metallurgist  is  frequently  ex- 
ercised to  know  what  these  limitations 
are. 

Effect  of  Improvement  on  Metal- 
lurgical Problems 

Frequently  an  improvement  in  a  metal- 
lurgical scheme  or  apparatus  changes  its 
entire  outlook.  Cyanide  was  not  looked 
upon  favorably  for  the  treatment  of  gold 
ores  until  McArthur  and  Forest  pointed 
out  that  success  depended  upon  using  ex- 
tremely dilute  solutions  for  dissolving 
the  gold  and  zinc  shavings  for  the  pre- 
cipitation. Cyanidation  of  silver  ores  was 
not  a  success  until  sliming  and  filtering 
were  made  possible.  Before  the  advent 
of  the  copper  converter,  copper  smelt- 
ing was  much  limited,  because  the  result- 
ant product  presented  as  difficult  a  prob- 
lem as  the  smelting  to  copper  matte. 
Later  electrolytic  refining  made  it  pos- 
sible to  bring  the  ordinary  smelter  cop- 
per into  competition  with  lake  copper. 
The  water-jacketed  blast  furnace  has 
done  much  to  increase  the  rate  of  driv- 
ing and  the  length  of  campaigns  in  smelt- 
ing, and  now  the  annoying  dust  prob- 
lem in  blast-furnace  smelting  seems  likely 
to  be  entirely  eliminated  by  the  recent 
advances  made  in  sintering.  Similarly 
the  chemical  methods  of  copper  extraction 
are  sure  to  forge  ahead  in  the  near 
future.  The  anode  problem,  once  so 
serious,  has  been  overcome  for  chlo- 
ride solutions,  and  it  may  not  be  en- 
tirely hopeless  for  sulphate  solution. 
Diaphragms  may  be  dispensed  with. 
Electrolyzers  can  be  devised  which  will 
have  large  capacity  and  be  automatically 
operated.  Power  can  be  cheaply  trans- 
mitted, and,  as  power  is  the  basis  of 
any  electrolytic  method,  the  prime 
mover,  whether  it  be  a  steam  or  gas  en- 
gine or  a  hydroelectric  installation,  may 
be  situated  anywhere  within  transmis- 
sible distance,  although  this  distance 
need  rarely  exceed  50  miles. 

Possibilities  of  Wet  Copper  Extraction 

Oxidized  ores  are  best  adapted  to  any 
solvent  process.  It  does  not  follow, 
however,  that  sulphide  ores  cannot  be 
treated  successfully  or  economically.  No 
method  has  yet  been  made  public  which 
offers  a  probability  of  successfully 
treating  sulphide  ores  without  roasting. 
To  decompose  large  quantities  of  sul- 
phide ore  by  chemical  methods,  as  would 
be  necessary  in  large  installations,  is  a 
serious  undertaking. 

Roasting  is  no  longer  the  expensive 
operation  it  once  was.  A  perfect  roast 
is  neither  required  nor  desired  in  cop- 
per extraction  by  wet  methods.  A  per- 
fect roast  would  be  fatal  to  the  success 
of  the  operation.  Roasting,  for  smelt- 
ing work,  is  now  regularly  done  for  25c. 
per  ton  of  ore,  and  there  is  no  reason 
why,  in  a  reasonably  large  installation, 
roasting  for  a  solvent  process  should  not 


be  done  for  40  to  50c.  per  ton  under 
ordinarily  favorable  conditons.  The 
question  might  then  arise,  if  roasting  is 
necessary,  and  fuel  is  required  for 
roasting,  why  not  smelt?  Even  assum- 
ing that  roasting  requires  as  much  fuel 
as  blast-furnace  smelting,  the  fact  still 
remains  that  any  available  fuel  may  be 
used  in  roasting,  while  in  smelting,  coke 
is  desirable,  even  if  not  necessary. 
Furthermore,  in  smelting,  fluxes  have  to 
be  provided,  and  the  copper  matte  pro- 
duced is  no  more  salable  in  the  open 
market  than  a  good  quality  of  ore.  If 
the  ore  is  suitable  for  smelting,  it  would 
be  foolish  to  advocate  a  chemical 
method.  All  ores  are  not  well  adapted 
to  smelting,  neither  are  all  ores  adapted 
to  chemical  methods,  and  the  wise 
course  for  the  metallurgist  to  pursue  is 
to  consider  the  limitations  of  the  process 
under  consideration. 

The  nature  of  the  solvent  has  much  to 
do  with  the  limitations  of  the  wet  pro- 
cesses. Acid  solvents  are  the  only  ones 
which  have  met  with  much  encourage- 
ment from  a  technical  point  of  view. 
Copper  is  soluble  in  many  alkaline 
solutions,  but  alkaline  solvents  present 
great  difficulties,  especially  if  electrol- 
ysis is  to  be  made  the  basis  of  the  pro- 
cess. If  copper  ores  contain  sufficient 
lime  to  interfere  seriously  with  an  acid 
process,  it  is  questionable  if  a  wet 
method  would  present  any  advantages 
over  smelting.  Nevertheless,  with  a 
suitable  alkaline  solvent  there  would  be 
a  wide  field  on  ores  containing  much 
lime  or  magnesia.  Iron  need  not  pre- 
sent any  great  difficulties  either  with  an 
acid  or  alkaline  solvent.  The  fixation 
of  atmospheric  nitrogen,  either  as  nitric 
acid  or  ammonia,  may  ultimately  result 
in  a  successful  method  of  dissolving 
copper  from  its  ores.  Nitric  acid  pre- 
sents serious  difficulties,  however,  both 
as  to  solution  of  the  copper  and  as  to 
its  precipitation  if  a  regenerative  scheme 
is  contemplated.  Ammonia  presents 
somewhat  similar  difficulties,  and  the  ad- 
ditional difficulty  of  operating  with  a  gas 
instead  of  a  liquid.  Hence  the  lines 
along  which  success  in  a  solvent  method 
may  be  expected  have  been  pretty  well 
established,  although  it  does  not  follow 
that  a  radical  departure  from  these 
lines    will  result  in  failure. 

The  Advantages  of  a  Wet  Process 

The  advantages  of  a  successful  elec- 
trolytic process  over  smelting  on  ore 
adapted  to   it,  will   be: 

The  ore  may  be  treated  directly  at  the 
mine,  in  any  unit,  without  the  admix- 
ture of  other  ores  or  flues;  if  the  pro- 
cess is  electrolytic,  power  may  be  ac- 
quired from  any  transmissible  distance; 
the  end  products  are  pure  copper  which 
may  be  sold  at  the  full  market  price  di- 
rect to  the  consumer,  and  gold  which  may 
be  disposed  of  at  the  mint. 


November  12,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


963 


Mining  Methods  Employed  at  Cananea,  Mex. — II 

Pillar  Caving  System  at  Cananea-Duluth  Mine  Yields  Cheapest  Ore. 
Back  Sloping  at  Elisa  Requires  Little  Timber.      Opencut  Most  Expensive 


B  Y 


MORRIS 


J 


E  L  S  I  N  G* 


The  method  of  mining  employed  by  ths 
Cananea-Duluth  mine  gives  by  far  the 
cheapest  ore  in  the  district. 

Pillar-caving  is  a  combination  of  over- 
hand stoping  on  ore  and  a  caving  system. 
As  is  necessary  in  nearly  all  caving 
methods,  the  first  step  is  to  prospect  and 
thoroughly  outline  the  orebody  by  means 
of  drifts  and  raises.  Fig.  1  shows  an  ore- 
body  on  the  200  level  which  extends 
above  the  100  level. 

IV — Pillar-caving  System 

After  sufficient  prospecting  work 
has  been  done,  the  size  of  the 
sections  to  be  mined  and  the  pillars 
of  ore  to  be  left  were  decided  upon,  Pil- 


is  8  ft.  5  in.  high  and  the  second  set  is 
7  ft.  4  in.,  making  practically  16  ft.  from 
the  rail  to  the  top  of  the  second  set.  This 
completes  the  regular  raise  sets,  for  at 
the  top  of  the  second  set  drifts  are  run 
connecting  all  the  raises  in  the  section. 
These  drifts  are  then  widened  from  12  to 
15  ft.,  after  which  they  are  carried  up 
vertically  by  means  of  overhand  stop- 
ing, the  miners  working  on  ore,  only 
enough  ore  being  drawn  off  so  as  to  per- 
mit them  to  be  within  easy  reach  of  the 
back. 

These  drifts  are  finally  carried  up 
to  the  level  above,  cutting  out  a  num- 
ber of  small  pillars  which  have  been  cut 
loose    from    the    waste    above    by    the 


Next 
Section 


After  Drifts  have 
been  carried  up. 
Ihatched  portion  blas- 
ted out  to  facilitate 
drawing:  ore. 


Drift  with  Inclined 
Raise  to  Mine  Pillar 


Tf,t  EngiHttring  ^Mining  Journal 


Fig.  1.   Vertical  Section,  Showing  Pillar-caving  System,  Cananea- 

Dui.uTH  Mine 


lars  are  usually  about  50  ft.  wide,  with 
sections  from  75  to  100  ft.  wide  ex- 
tending across  the  body.  Because  of  the 
irregularity  of  the  upper  portions  of 
these  bodies  it  is  necessarj'  that  they  be 
mined  by  means  of  square  sets  in  order 
to   follow   rich   stringers. 

At  the  Cananea-Duluth  the  orebody  is 
mined  by  square  sets  from  the  100  level 
to  the  top  of  the  ore.  These  sets  are  then 
all  removed  and  the  pillar-caving  system 
proper  begins.  In  the  meantime  the  sec- 
tion to  be  mined  is  blocked  out  on  the  200 
level  by  means  of  drifts  and  regular 
square-set  raises  are  put  in  at  intervals, 
as  shown   in    Fig.   2.     The   sill   raise   set 


•Minine  engineer,   Blsbee,   Ariz. 


square-set    stope    and    are    now   partially 
supported  by  the  ore  surrounding  them. 

Construction  of  Chutes 

Formerly,  cribbed  chutes  of  8x8-in. 
timbers  were  carried  up  in  the  broken 
ore  with  a  manway  compartment,  2'.x5 
fl.,  and  a  chute,  5x5  ft.  It  has  been 
found  that  a  3-in.  plank  chute  is  prac- 
tically as  good,  with  a  saving  of  consider- 
able timber.  The  inside  dimensions  of 
the  combined  chute  and  manway  are  3 
ft.  3  in.  by  6  ft.  The  chute  in  the  clear 
is  3  ft.  3  in.  square,  with  a  manway  2 
ft.  6  in.  wide.  The  3-in.  planks  are 
placed  on  edge,  with  ends  beveled  at  45 
deg.  The  dividing  partition  is  a  3-in. 
plank  which  fits  into  a  notch  cut  in  the 


side  pieces.  As  the  back  advances,  the 
chutes  are  carried  up,  surrounded  with 
ore. 

Horse  of  Waste 

The  matter  of  handling  a  horse  of 
waste  is  not  difficult,  as  it  can  be  broken 
and  easily  drawn  off  through  one  or 
more  of  the  raises  that  are  carried  up 
from  the  level.  It  has  been  found  pos- 
sible in  mining  by  this  system  to  place 
the  raises  close  together,  thus  almost  en- 
tirely eliminating  the  wheelbarrow  by 
shoveling  directly  into  a  chute. 
Drawing  the  Ore 

The  next  operation  is  to  draw  the  ore. 
This  is  accomplished  by  drilling  holes  in 
the  solid  ore  which  surrounds  the  second 
square  set  in  each  raise,  as  shown  by 
the  hatched  portion  in  Fig.  1.  These 
holes,  after  being  blasted,  form  a  mill- 
hole  around  the  raise.  In  this  way  the 
ore  is  drawn  off  with  the  occasional  use 
of  a  small  amount  of  powder.  The  chute 
planking  comes  out  with  the  ore.  The 
short  pieces  are  usually  unbroken,  while 
perhaps  50  per  cent,  of  the  side  pieces 
are  unbroken  and  can  be  used  again.  By 
this  means  all  the  ore  is  drawn  from  the 
section  and  the  small  pillars  are  left 
standing. 

Mining  the  Pillars 
The  pillars  crush  down  and  break,  due 
their  own  weight  and  a  few  small  slips 
that  usually  exist  in  this  class  of  por- 
phyry ore.  In  case  a  pillar  does  not  break 
down,  a  drift  is  run  on  the  level  under- 
neath it  and  a  raise  is  run  up  a  short 
distance  into  the  bottom  of  the  pillar. 
One  side  of  this  raise  is  filled  with  holes, 
the  base  of  the  pillar  is  blasted  out  and 
the  pillar  falls.  From  this  drift  a  new 
set  of  inclined  raises  in  the  bottom  Ifi-ft. 
block  of  ore  are  used  to  draw  off  the  ore 
in  the  pillars.  These  raises  are  merely 
flat  sloping  floors  of  heavy  timbers,  with 
head  room  blasted  out  so  that  a  man  can 
stand  up  and  bar  and  draw  the  rock 
down  the  chute  and  into  the  car.  The 
chute  bottom  is  made  almost  fiat,  so  that 
the  ore  cannot  run  down  it,  but  piles 
up  at  the  bottom.  Large  boulders  are 
easily  plugged  and  blasted  at  the  mouth 
of  the  chute  without  injury  to  the  tim- 
bers. Any  waste  can  be  sorted  before 
it  is  loaded  into  the  cars  and  need  not 
be  mixed  with  the  ore.  The  small  bould- 
ers are  broken  with  hammers  before  be- 
ing loaded  into  the  cars. 

Further   Developments 
The  next  step  is  to  mine  out  the  sec- 
tions on  the  other  side  of  the  large  sup- 


964 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


porting  pillars  A  and  A',  Fig.  2.  This  is 
as  far  as  the  method  has  been  worked 
out  and  therefore  future  developments 
will  be  watched  with  great  interest.  There 
are  several  courses  which  can  be  fol- 
lowed in  the  subsequent  mining.  If  the 
back  and  the  pillars  supporting  it  are 
sufficiently  strong,  it  may  be  possible  to 
mine  out  another  section  directly  under 
the  first,  from  the  300  level  to  the  200. 
Again,  it  may  be  possible  to  mine  the 
supporting  pillar  by  caving  it,  as  in  the 
mining  of  the  smaller  pillars,  provided 
that  the  waste  roof  will  stand  without 
any  support.  If,  however,  the  main  pil- 
lar could  not  be  mined  in  this  way,  the 
back  over  the  sections  on  either  side  of 
the  pillar  would  be  made  to  cave  in'  and 
the  pillar  itself  would  be  mined  by  the 
slicing  system.  If  this  last  were  done, 
the  remaining  ore  below  the  200  level 
would  be  mined  by  the  slicing  system. 

The     method     has    been     considerably 
changed  from  that  first  employed.  Orig- 


powder  and  labor.  The  cost  will  prob- 
ably not  average  more  than  40  to  50c. 
per  ton  of  ore. 

v.— Back  Stoping  on  Waste  at  the 

Elisa   Mine 

At  the  Elisa  mine  the  ore  is  chalco- 
pyrite  in  metamorphosed  limestone,  car- 
rying with  it  considerable  waste.  The 
waste  and  the  ore  are  strong,  and  there- 
fore need  little  supporting.  Here  a  sys- 
tem of  overhand  stoping  on  waste  is  used 
with  great  success.  The  method  con- 
sists in  sorting  the  ore  and  the  waste 
in  the  stope,  leaving  the  latter  for  filling 
upon  which  to  work.  Since  approximate- 
ly 50  per  cent,  of  the  rock  broken  is 
waste,  it  is  necessary  to  add  more  as  the 
stoping  progresses.  This  is  obtained  from 
prospect  work  and  other  nearby  work- 
ings on  the  levels  above.  The  drilling 
is  done  by  means  of  air-hammer  drills, 
while  in  some  places  the  regular  piston 
drills    mounted    on    columns    are    used. 


150  ft.  There  is  great  flexibility  in  the 
system,  as  it  is  not  necessary  to  lay  out 
a  stope  with  definite  boundaries.  Work 
can  begin  without  as  much  prospecting 
as  in  the  other  methods.  In  fact,  the 
actual  mining  by  this  system  is  the  most 
efficient  prospect  work  that  can  be  done. 
The  ore  can  be  followed  anywhere  and 


_..-.s.sX\NN\\\NNV,\\\\\VSSNSS^V,Ss,s^,^, 


Next 
Section 


Plan  of  Sill  Floor 

TJte  Eugineerinff  ^Mining  Journal 

Fig.  3.  Pyramid  System  at  Veta  Grande 
Mine 

it  is  rare  that  square  sets  would  be  ne- 
cessary in  mining  irregular  offshcjots. 
Whenever  the  ore  spreads  out  horizontal- 
ly, piston  drills  mounted  on  columns  are 
required,  and  where  the  ore  is  vertical, 
air-hammer  drills  are  the  most  effective. 
Low-grade  ore  can  be  left  as  pillars  sup- 
porting the  roof.  The  most  effective  sort- 
ing is  accomplished  by  blasting  the  ore' 
large  and  breaking  it  with  hammers.  In 
this  way  the  least  fines  are  produced. 
On  the  whole,  this  system  is  not  differ- 
ent from  the  practice  generally  followefl 
in  overhand  stoping  on  waste. 


n.c  Lngineering  .i  Mimng  Journal 


Fig.  2.   Plan  of  Pillar-caving  System,  16  Ft.  above  Level 


inally  the  section  was  mined  without 
leaving  the  small  pillars.  It  was  then 
simple  overhand  stoping  on  ore.  The 
back  then  was  usually  quite  unsafe,  not 
because  of  any  great  weight,  but  merely 
due  to  large  masses  of  ore  breaking  away 
on  small  fractures,  which  are  common  m 
almost  all  kinds  of  porphyry.  After  one 
of  these  slopes  caved,  burying  several 
men,  the  system  as  described  was 
evolved.  Since  then  it  has  given  the 
greatest  satisfaction  and  as  now  em- 
ployed is  quite  safe,  as  the  men  always 
work  near  the  back  and  when  mining 
the  pillars  they  are  well  protected. 

Cost  of  Pillar  Caving 
The  pillar-caving  system  produces  the 
cheapest  ore  at  Cananea.  The  method  re- 
quires practically  no  timber  and  the 
greater  part  that  is  necessary  can  be 
used  again.  In  practically  every  step  in 
this  method  the  breaking  of  the  ore  is 
done  with  the  least  possible   amount  of 


Little   supporting  timber  is   needed,   and 
that   usually    for  stulls   and   headboards. 
These  are  placed  wherever  there  appears 
to  be   a   loose   slab   or  boulder.     No   at- 
tempt is  made  to  support  the  main  back. 
The  ore  is  shot  directly  on  the  waste. 
The  charges  used  are  as  small  as  pos- 
sible, for  with  large  charges  fines  would 
be  produced.     This  is  to  be  avoided,   as 
the   fines  cannot   be   sorted,   and   besides 
they  are  easily  lost  in  the  waste_  filling. 
Before  shooting,  all  stulls  in  the"  imme- 
diate vicinity  are  removed  and  used  over 
again.     Cribbed  chutes  are  carried  up  in 
the  waste  and  are  placed  as  close  as  pos- 
sible to  avoid  the  use  of  the  wheelbar- 
row.    However,  it  is  not  always  feasible 
to    place    these    chutes    close    together, 
where  the  body  has  a  more  or  less  ir- 
regular pitch.     In  such  a  case   a  plank 
runwav    is    constructed    upon    which    the 
wheelbarrows    are    run    to    the    nearest 
chute. 

Slopes  are  sometimes  quite  large,  75x 


T'li-  ^Tijinccrin^  J-.Vin: 


Fig.   4.    Vertical   Section    through   a 
Pyramid  Stope  t 

Cost  of  Back  Stoping 
This  is  a  cheap  system,  as  little  tim- 
ber is  required  and  the  blasting  of  the 
ore  is  done  under  the  most  favorable  cir- 
cumstances. The  cost  depends  upon  sev- 
eral conditions  and  varies  considerably, 
principally  by  reason  of  the  amount  and 
the  distance  that  the  extra  waste  filling 
has  to  be  trammed  to  the  stope.  There 
are   times    when    it   is   an   advantage   to 


November  12,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


965 


have  this  waste  room  convenient,  and  in 
this  way  the  cost  of  prospect  work  is 
reduced,  as  this  waste  need  not  be 
hoisted.  The  cost  for  labor  and  timber 
would  not  exceed  from  75  to  85c.  per 
ton  of  ore. 

VI — The  Pyramid  System  of  Stoping  at 
THE  Veta  Grande 

A  system  of  stoping  is  used  at  the  Veta 
Grande  which  combines  square  setting 
and  overhand  stoping  on  ore.  On  the 
main  level  the  ore  is  first  blocked  our 
with  a  series  of  drifts  at  right  angles  to 
each  other,  one  way  the  drifts  being  40 
ft.  apart,  and  the  other  way  50  ft.  apart, 
center  to  center.  The  general  appear- 
ance resembles  a  checkerboard.  All  the 
drifts  are  timbered  with  regular  sill-floor 
stope  square  sets.  Chutes  are  put  in  every 
other  set.  On  the  next  floor  above  the 
drift  regular  stope  square  sets  are  put  in 
and  the  square-set  chutes  are  carried  up 
one  floor.  On  the  third  floor,  that  is  16 
ft.    above    the   rail,    the    square    sets    are 


Drawing  the  Core 

After  the  whole  body  has  been  worked 
out  in  this  way,  the  ore  is  drawn  from 
the  chutes.  A  certain  amount  has  to  be 
blasted  again  as  it  packs.  At  the  Veta 
Grande  where  this  system  has  been 
worked,  ore  broken  in  the  stopes  before 
the  recent  shutdown  was  not  drawn  for 
nearly  two  years  after  it  was  mined.  In 
this  case  a  considerable  amount  of  pow- 
der had  to  be  used  to  loosen  the  packed 
ore,  on  which  account  only  a  few  of  the 
square-set  timbers  could  be  saved.  How- 
ever, if  the  ore  could  be  drawn  soon  after 
being  broken,  the  amount  of  the  powder 
needed  would  be  less  and  a  large  percent- 
age   of  the  timbers  could  be  saved. 

After  all  the  ore  that  can  be  drawn  from 
the  chutes  is  removed,  there  will  still 
remain  a  pyramid-like  mass  in  the  center 
of  each  rectangle  which  cannot  be  re- 
moved in  this  way.  It  was  from  this  fact 
that  the  system  received  its  name.  The 
pyramid  of  ore  is  later  drawn  by  driving 


Veta  Grande  Mine,  Cananea,  Showing  Caved  Ground 


put  in  above  the  row  in  the  drifts  only 
and  the  included  rectangle  is  mined  out 
on  this  floor.  From  here  up  this  con- 
tinues with  the  square  sets  and  the 
chutes  carried  up  slightly  in  advance  of 
the  central  portion  of  the  rectangle. 

Enough  ore  is  drawn  off  through  the 
chutes  to  give  the  miners  sufficient  head 
room  to  work  on  the  ore.  In  this  way 
these  different  rectangles  outlined  by 
square  sets  are  carried  up  to  the  limits 
of  the  orebody.  There  are  several  kinds 
of  chutes  that  can  be  used,  and  it  is  not 
necessary  to  carry  up  a  regular  square- 
set  chute.  A  simple  beveled  plank  chute 
is  just  as  good  and  uses  less  timber.  In 
mining  one  of  these  rectangles  the  back 
is  filled  with  holes  and  all  fired  together. 
If  there  is  a  horse  of  waste  in  the  ore 
it  can  be  easily  removed  and  dropped  into 
the  chutes  and  trammed  away.  A  large 
amount  of  waste  is  left  in  pillars.  The 
rows  of  square  sets  are  lagged  on  the 
outside,  holding  the  ore  in  the  center  of 
the  rectangle  until  the  drawing  com- 
mences. 


a  drift  into  the  center  of  the  block  and 
with  a  raise  one  set  above  the  sill  the 
remaining  ore  is  drawn.  The  stoping 
proper  does  not  commence  until  16  ft. 
above  the  level,  the  object  in  this  being  to 
preserve  the  level  drifts  with  16  ft.  of 
solid  ore  above  the  rails  which  would  be 
mined    from   the    level  below. 

The  method  of  mining  the  block  of  ore 
on  the  level  directly  below  would  depend 
entirely  upon  the  condition  of  the  waste 
roof  to  which  the  first  section  had  been 
mined.  If  the  roof  were  treacherous  and 
unsafe,  it  would  be  caved  and  the  remain- 
ing ore  could  be  mined  by  the  slicing  sys- 
tem. Fig.  3  shows  the  actual  method  of 
blocking  out  the  orebody.  As  shown, 
chutes  are  put  in  every  other  set  with  no 
two  chutes  opposite  each  other,  as  this 
would  obstruct  the  drift.  The  chutes  are 
merely  small  openings  cut  in  the  solid  ore 
with  a  couple  of  chute  jaws  and  a  door 
attached  to  the  timbers.  Fig.  4  shows 
a  section  across  one  of  the  rectangles. 
One  after  the  other  of  these  rectangular 
blocks   is  carried   all  the   way  up   to   the 


waste  roof  and  the  drawing  of  the  ore 
docs  not  commence  until  all  have  been 
mined  out. 

Requirements  for  the  Application  of 
Different  Methods 

The  requirements  of  the  pillar-caving 
system  at  the  Cananea-Duluth,  the  pyra- 
mid system  at  the  Veta  Grande  and  the 
ovcrhand-stoping  method  at  the  Elisa  can 
all  be  considered  together.  For  their  ap- 
plication it  is  absolutely  necessary  to 
have  a  strong,  solid  ore  and  a  strong  roof. 
It  is  necessary  that  both  the  ore  and  the 
waste  roof  shall  require  no  support  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  stulls  to  hold  up 
small  slabs  and  loose  boulders. 

In  the  case  of  the  pillar-caving  system, 
it  is  necessary  that  the  ore  have  definite 
boundaries  and  be  of  a  sufficiently  large 
size  to  work  to  an  advantage.  With  this 
and  the  pyramid  method,  the  body  shou'd 
be  large  so  that  it  can  be  divided  into  sec- 
tions and  be  blocked  out  as  shown  in 
Figs.  2  and  3,  preferably  extending  from 
one  level  to  the  next.  The  amount  of 
waste  in  the  ore  must  always  be  small. 
A  small  amount  of  sorting  can  be  done 
in  stopes  and  the  waste  drawn  off  thn  gh 
chutes,  but  the  proportion  of  ore  to  waste 
must  always  be  large.  Again,  in  both  of 
these  systems,  if  the  ore  were  inclined 
to  pack,  they  could  not  be  applied,  as 
the  ore  could  not  be  economically 
drawn.  If  the  ore  did  pack  it  would  prac- 
tically have  to  be  mined  over  again. 

With  the  Elisa  method  of  back  stoping 
on  waste,  the  regularity  and  the  size  of 
the  body  are  not  of  great  importance.  If 
the  roof  stands  properly  the  ore  can  be 
followed  anywhere.  However,  the  ore 
cannot  be  irregular  with  bunches  of  rich 
ore  mixed  with  waste. 

,\dvantaces     and     Disadvantages     of 
Methods 

The  pillar-caving  system  has  such  rigid 
requirements  that  its  application  is  quite 
small.  With  the  exception  of  this  its 
disadvantages  are  few  and  unimportant, 
while  on  the  other  hand  it  is  the  cheapest 
method  of  mining.  Besides,  the  ventila- 
tion can  easily  be  kept  good  and  it  is 
comparatively  safe. 

The  greatest  disadvantage  of  the  back 
stoping  on  waste  is  the  fact  when  the  ore 
is  high  grade  the  tendency  of  the  sul- 
phides is  to  produce  fines,  and  as  these 
are  shot  down  on  the  waste  the  loss  is 
considerable.  When  fines  are  produced, 
it  is  impossible  to  save  all  of  the  ore. 
On  the  other  hand  it  has  numerous  ad- 
vantages  as   indicated   above. 

The  pyramid  system  is  not  well  liked. 
It  takes  much  timber,  and  where  so  large 
a  mass  of  broken  ore  stands  before  being 
drawn,  it  takes  considerable  labor  and 
powder  to  loosen  and  draw  it.  This  is  its 
chief  disadvantage.  In  general  the  great 
advantage  of  these  methods  is  that  each 
gives  the  cheapest  ore  under  the  particu- 
lar conditions  outlined. 


966 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


UENERAL  Comparison  of  Costs 
The  Figures  given  as  the  cost  of  mining 
are  approximations  only.  At  nearly  all 
of  the  mines  more  than  one  system  is 
used  and  no  attempt  has  been  made  to 
segregate  the  items  of  expense  to  each 
system,  but  rather  to  each  mine.  At  near- 
ly all  the  mines  the  cost  of  mining  is 
figured  as  including  prospect,  develop- 
ment, dead  work  and  repairs,  tramming  of 
the  ore  and  waste.  The  figures  given  are 
estimates  from  these  total  costs  of  min- 
ing after  a  certain  amount  has  been  de- 
ducted for  variable  costs.  That  is,  these 
costs  include  the  cost  of  the  labor  and  the 
timber  per  ton  required  in  each  method 
with  the  ore  delivered  to  the  mine  cars 
at  each  particular  stope.  They  are  in- 
tended to  serve  as  a  basis  for  comparison 
between  the  different  methods,  as  this 
only  is  of  any  value. 

Pillar-caving  System   Cheapest 

The  pillar-caving  system  holds  the 
record  for  low  costs.  An  average  cost  of 
mining  over  a  considerable  period  of  time 
would  not  e.xceed  from  40  to  50c.  per  ton. 
This  is  not  due  entirely  to  the  system 
employed,  but  may  be  partially  at- 
tributed to  the  fact  that  the  Cananea- 
Duluth  mine  is  young  and  all  conditions 
are  most  favorable  to  cheap  mining.  With 
the  slicing  system  the  average  cost  of 
mining  would  be  from  60  to  70c.  per  ton, 
including  timber,  which  runs  from  10  to 
11  bd.ft.  per  ton.  The  back  sloping  on 
waste  also  ranks  as  one  of  the  cheap 
methods.  The  cost  per  ton  depends  large- 
ly upon  the  amount  of  waste  in  the  ore. 
Under  the  conditions  in  Cananea  it  prob- 
ably costs  about  75  to  85c.  per  ton.  The 
pyramid  system  probably  produces  ore 
for  80  to  90c.  per  ton,  and  the  square-set 
system,  including  27  to  31  bd.ft.,  should 
range  from  $1.20  to  SI. 40  per  ton. 

The  opencut  mining  at  Puertocitos  has 
the  highest  cost  of  all,  approximately 
$1.70  per  ton  of  ore.  The  reason  for 
this  is  the  fact  that  a  large  amount  of 
waste  has  to  be  handled  for  every  ton 
of  ore.  On  the  other  hand  this  figure  in- 
cludes powder  and  practically  all  charges 
except  freight  on  the  ore  to  the  smeltery. 
No  prospect  and  development  work  are 
necessary,  and  the  dead  work  consists  in 
the  stripping,  which  is  included  in  this 
figure.  No  compressed  air  is  used  and 
consequently  there  are  no  charges  for 
this  nor  for  the  maintenance  and  repairs 
for  machine  drills.  Therefore,  when 
everything  is  considered,  this  cost  is  not 
high. 

Conclusion 
The  lessons  taught  by  the  mining  prac- 
tice at  Cananea  arc  numerous.  It  has 
been  clearly  demonstrated  that  the  slic- 
ing system  can  be  applied  to  ground 
where  it  had  long  been  supposed  that 
square  setting  was  the  only  available 
method  and  it  follows  that  in  all  prob- 
ability it  can  be  applied  with  much  suc- 


cess in  other  camps  under  similar  condi- 
tions where  the  square-set  method  is 
used   today. 

The  value  of  the  square-set  system  of 
mining  as  an  auxiliary  to  other  methods 
is  strongly  emphasized.  It  is,  however, 
looked  upon  very  much  as  a  necessary 
evil;  it  is  never  used  unless  conditions 
absolutely  demand  it  and  in  addition, 
it  cannot  be  used  for  a  low-grade  ore. 

To  a  great  extent,  the  low  costs  of 
mining  at  Cananea  are  due  to  the  intro- 
duction of  these  methods,  but  on  the 
other  hand,  it  can  be  clearly  seen  that 
in  order  to  introduce  them  it  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  that  the  conditions  be 
favorable. 


The  Atomic  Weights 

The  International  Committee  on 
Atomic  Weights,  consisting  of  F.  W. 
Clarke,  T.  E.  Thorpe,  W.  Ostwald   and  G. 


New  Jersey  Zinc  Mining 

From  1880  to  1909  the  Franklin  Fur- 
nace mine  of  the  New  Jersey  Zinc  Com- 
pany produced  3,737,047  tons  of  ore.  In 
1909  it  produced  428,303  tons,  of  which 
72,858  were  taken  from  the  opencut.  This 
is  an  increase  of  71.846  tons  over  1908. 
R.  M.  Catlin,  the  superintendent,  reports 
that  operations  in  1909  were  carried  on  in 
40  different  slopes  and  about  700,000  ft. 
of  timber  were  placed. 

The  Palmer  shaft,  commenced  in  1906, 
was  continued  full  size  to  the  1150-ft. 
level,  or  1445  ft.  on  the  incline.  Much 
of  the  shaft  has  been  heavily  timbered 
while  the  four  tracks  of  70-Ib.  steel  rails 
have  been  laid  on  concrete  piers.  The 
permanent  shaft  headgear  and  equipment 
have  been  completed  and  two  new  22x48- 
in.  duplex,  direct-acting  double-drum, 
Allis-Chalmers  Corliss  hoisting  engines 
have  been  installed. 


IXTERXATIOXAL   ATOMIC   WEIGHTS,    1011. 


-Atomic 

-\tomic 

Elpment. 

Symbol. 

Weight. 

Element. 

S.vmbol, 

Wfight, 

.Mimiinum.  . . 

Al 

27.1 

Molybdenum 

Mo 

96,0 

.\ntinionv .  .  - 

.Sb 

120.2 

Neod\-mium .    . 

N'd 

144,3 

.\rgon. ... 

.\ 

39.  SS 

.Neon 

Ne 

20,2 

.\isenic.. 

As 

74.96 

.Nickel. . .  . 

Ni 

5S,6S 

Bariiuii  .                           .      - 

Ba 

137.37 

Nitrogen. 

N 

14,01 

Bismut  h . 

Bi 

20S.0 

Osmium .  . 

Os 

190.9 

Boron ... 

B 

11.0 

Oxygen 

O 

16.00 

Bromine. 

Br 

79.92 

Palladium, ... 

Pd 

106.7 

CadniiuTii. 

Cd 

112.40 

Phosphorus . .  . 

P 

31,04 

Caesium . 

Cs 

132. SI 

Platinunt 

Pt 

195,2 

Calcium.  . 

Ca 

40.09 

Potassium 

K 

39.10 

Carbon. . . 

C 

12.00 

Praseodymium 

Pr 

140  6 

Cerium .  . 

Ce 

140.2.-> 

Radium 

Ra 

226.4 

Chlorine .  . 

CI 

3,5.46 

Rhodium 

Rh 

102.9 

Chromium 

Cr 

o2.0 

Riibidiuni 

Rb 

85.45 

Cobalt 

Co 

58.97 

Ruthenium.  ,  . 

Ru 

101,7 

Columb'um 

Cb 

93.5 

.Samarium 

Sa 

150.4 

Copper 

Cu 

63.57 

Scandium . 

So 

44,1 

Dvsprosiinii . . 

l)v 

162 . 5 

Selenium , . 

Se 

79,2 

Erbium 

Er 

167.4 

.Silicon 

Si 

28,3 

Europium   . 

Eu 

152.0 

Silver 

As 

107,88 

Fluorine 

F 

19.0 

Sodium, , , 

Na 

23,00 

Gadolinium 

Gd 

157.3 

Strontium , 

Sr 

87,63 

Gallium 

Ga 

69.9 

Sulphur, , . 

S 

32,07 

Germanium . 

Ge 

72.5 

Tantalum. 

Ta 

1S1,0 

Glucimun . .  . 

Gl 

9.1 

Tellurium. . 

Te 

127,5 

Gold 

Au 

197,2 

Terbium 

Tb 

159.2 

He 
H 

3.99 
1.008 

Thallium ,  .  . 

Tl 
Th 

204.0 

Hydrogen .... 

Thorium 

232.4 

Indium 

In 

114.8 

Thulium,. 

Tm 

168,5 

Iodine 

I 

126 . 92 

Tin 

Sn 

119,0 

Iridium 

Ir 

193.1 

Titanium. 

Ti 

48,1 

Iron 

Fe 

55 . 8."i 

Tungsten. 

W 

184,0 

Krypton. 

Kr 

S2.92 

Uranium. . 

u 

238,5 

Lantliaiuuu  . 

La 

139.0 

Vanadiiun, 

V 

51,06 

Lead 

Pb 

Li 

207,10 
6.94 

Xenon 

Xe 
Yb 

130  2 

Lithium 

Ytterbium  (Neoytterbium) , 

172,0 

I.utecimn.  .  .  . 

Lu 
Jig 

174.0 
24.32 

Yttrium 

Yt 

Zn 

89  0 

Magne.sium. . .  . 

Zinc 

65,37 

Manganese. .  . 

Mn 

54  93 

Zirconium 

Zr 

90.6 

.Mercury 

Hg 

200  0 

Urbain,  has  made  its  current  report',  froiu 
which  the  accompanying  table  is  re- 
printed. 

Lithium,  phosphorus,  strontium  and 
vanadium  are  the  commonest  elements 
which  show  changed  weights.  In  a  sep- 
arate article'.  C.  W,  Easley  details 'work 
upon  the  atomic  weight  of  mercury,  tend- 
ing to  prove  the  accepted  value  is  0.3 
per  cent,  too  low,  i.e.,  that  Hg  -^ 
200.62,  and  Clarence  W.  Balke  gives  the 
result  of  his  researches  on  tantalum  as 
proving  that  Ta  —  181.52,  a  half  point 
higher  than  the  table.  It  will  be  of  inter- 
est to  note  what  action  is  taken  on  these 
results  a  year  from  now. 

\Jniirn.   .\ni,   Cliem,   Soc.   Ocloher,    1010. 


Three  electrically-driven  centrifugal 
pumps  have  been  installed  on  the  1050-ft. 
level.  Two  smaller  centrifugal  pumps 
will  be  installed  in  a  station  just  below 
the  lowest  level  (1150  ft.)  to  raise  to  the 
main  1050-ft.  sump  such  water  as  orig- 
inates below  that  level.  Two  additional 
small  electric  centrifugal  pumps  will  also 
be  placed  just  below  the  300-ft.  level. 

Two  three-phase.  1500-kw.,  480-volf 
turbo-generators,  which  will  furnish  elec- 
tric power  for  the  operation  of  the  pumps 
and  electric  tramways  have  been  in- 
stalled; electric  haulage  in  the  300-ft., 
759-ft.,  9.=i0-ft.  and  IL-^O-ft.  levels  by  6- 
ton  locomotives  was  put  into  operation 
in  carlv   1910. 


November  12.   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


967 


Some  of  the  Characteristics  of  Chilean  Mills 

Chilean  Mill  Essentially  a   Sliming  Apparatus.      Its  Value   Not  Fully 
Appreciated     at     One    Time.      Coming    Again    into    Merited     Favor 


BY       HERBERT 


MEGR A  W* 


The  modern  tendency  to  reduce  the 
costs  of  mining  and  milling  at  every  pos- 
sible point  has  lately  touched  the  matter 
of  grinding  in  a  more  serious  manner 
than  ever  before  and  a  multitude  of  ex- 
periments with  every  kind  of  machine 
which  might  be  used  for  the  purpose  have 
been  made,  and  their  results  offered  for 
comparison  with  the  work  of  the  older 
machines.  In  South  Africa  much  study 
has  been  given  to  the  question,  and  the 
development  of  the  heavy  gravitation 
stamp  has  been  pushed  to  a  remarkable 
degree.  This  development  has  been  re- 
markable from  more  than  one  point  of 
view,  and  it  may  be  deemed  surprising 
that  so  much  study  and  attention  have 
been  given  to  a  device  which  engineers, 
almost  as  a  unit,  have  for  years  agreed 
in  calling  an  illogical  and  expensive  ma- 
chine. And  ultimately  even  the  latest  de- 
velopment of  the  stamp  has  shown  no 
basic  change  from  its  original  form.  The 
latest  forms  of  the  gravity  stamp  are  sim- 
ply heavier  than  the  older  forms,  accom- 
plishing by  sheer  increase  of  falling 
weight  an  increase  in  the  work  done, 
while  it  has  yet  to  be  shown  that  the 
stamp  mill  has  shown  any  notable  in- 
crease of  work  done  per  horse  power  or 
per  unit  of  cost.  As  a  matter  of  fact  it 
is  extremely  difficult  to  make  comparisons 
of  the  costs  of  crushing  with  different 
stamp  batteries.  The  cost  data,  as  usually 
published,  are  incomplete  in  some  way 
and  are  not  to  be  relied  upon  when 
anything  depends  on  the  results  of  the 
comparison. 

Original  Purpose  of  the  Chilean  Mill 

Those  engineers  who  have  practised  in 
Latin  America  have  found,  among  other 
native  devices,  the  Chilean  mill.  As  is 
perfectly  well  known,  the  Chilean  mill 
is  simply  the  original  form  of  edge  run- 
ner, and  as  it  was  devised  to  suit  the 
needs  of  the  metallurgical  processes  of 
ihe  earlier  days,  it  is  perhaps  only  natural 
to  find  that  it  was  not  suited  to  the  needs 
of  later  metallurgical  processes.  Ft  was 
developed  in  view  of  its  adaptation  to  the 
needs  of  the  patio  process  of  amalgama- 
tion, in  which  it  was  desirable  to  grind 
the  ore  as  fine  as  possible,  even  to  the 
point  of  making  a  slime  of  it.  The 
machine  was  developed  with  an  eye  to 
filling  this  requirement  as  far  as  pos- 
sible and  of  course  every  effort  was  made 
to  develop  it  in  that  direction.  Later  de- 
velopments in  metallurgy  made  the  slime 

'Mlnlnu'  Miiil  rnctallnrelcal  piieiiii>i>r,  Snn 
I  "N  do  111   I'.iz.   (;imna,|iinti),  Jlpxlcn 


product  an  obiectionable  matter,  dilficult 
to  handle  and  usually  unprofitable.  Par- 
ticularly was  this  true  with  the  develop- 
ment of  cyanidation,  where  the  standard 
treatment  was  percolation  and  slime  was 
impossible  to  handle  to  advantage.  At 
that  stage  in  the  history  of  metallurgy  we 
found  manufacturers  of  machinery  making 
every  possible  effort  to  make  a  mill  of 
the  Chilean  principle  which  would  not 
make  slimes,  a  glance  over  the  adver- 
tisements of  that  period  giving  one  an 
idea  of  the  claims  made  for  the  different 
classes  of  the  machine.  This  effort  never 
was   successful. 

Essentially  a  Fine  Grinder 

The  machine  is  inherently  a  fine 
grinder,  and  no  effort  of  inventive  genius 
was  able  to  make  it  anything  else.  The 
result  was  that  the  Chilean  mill  practic- 
ally went  out  of  use  and  has  been  al- 
most  forgotten.     At  this  time,  when   the 


Mill  Center 


Wheel  Center 


Mantey  Type,  Chilean  Mill 

making  of  slime  is  an  object  universally 
striven  for,  the  mill  has  begun  to  re- 
claim its  own.  It  has  not  yet  become 
widely  used,  but  its  advantages  are  be- 
coming better  known  and  it  seems  likely 
that  it  will  eventually  make  a  place  of  its 
own  in  metallurgy.  It  was  the  fortune 
of  the  writer  lately  to  have  occasion  to 
use  fome  Chilean  mills  of  the  old  style. 
The  results  accomplished  by  the  use  of 
t'^ese  mills  seems  worthy  of  attention, 
and  it  is  proposed  here  to  make  some 
comparisons  of  the  work  done  by  them 
with  that  performed  by  stamps  accord- 
inc  to  published  data. 

The  particular  mills  under  considera- 
tion are  those  installed  in  the  Santa  Elena 
r'ill  of  the  Compania  Minera  Angustias. 
Dolores  y  Anexas  at  San  Luis  de  la  Paz, 
Ciianaiuato.  The  mills,  according  to 
their  marking,  were  built  several  years 
ago  by  Read.  Campbell  &  Co.,  of  Lon- 
don, and  are  of  the  type  formerly  used  in 
connection  with  the  patio  process  of 
treatment  in  Latin-American  countries. 
They  are  built  after  what  is  known  as  the 


.Mantey  patent  design.  The  principle  of 
tnis  design  is  -that  the  centers  around 
which  the  crushing  wheels  revolve  are  set 
back  of  the  vertical  center  of  the  mill, 
thus  causing  a  slight  drag  of  the  wheels 
over  the  dies  instead  of  a  perfect  roll- 
ing motion.  This  aids  toward  fine  pul- 
verization, delivering  a  product  consist- 
ing largely  of  slime.  Fig.  I  shows  the 
Mantey  idea,  the  effect  of  which  can  be 
readily   understood. 

Santa    Elena    Installation 

The  mills,  as  installed  at  Santa  Elena, 
have  the  crushing  wheels  of  iron,  and  so 
arranged  that  they  may  be  filled  with 
lead,  as  they  are  in  this  case,  thus  adding 
materially  to  the  crushing  weight.  The 
v.'ork  which  these  mills  are  doing  is 
worthy  of  note.  The  ore  is  delivered  to 
them  by  feeders  of  the  bump  type  and 
the  rate  of  feed  is  under  perfect  con- 
trol. The  principle  of  the  feeder  is 
shown  in  the  diagram.  Fig.  2.  The  ore, 
pKvious  to  delivery  to  the  mills,  is  passed 
through  a  rock  crusher  so  that  the  mill 
feed  consists  of  pieces,  the  largest  of 
which  will  pass  through  a  two-inch  ring. 
The  crushing  wheels  make  15  revolutions 
about  the  vertical  axis  of  the  mill,  and  re- 
quire KS  h.p.  each  for  the  performance 
of  their  work  At  present  they  are  crush- 
ing through  a  40-mesh  steel-wire  screen, 
and  the  duty  under  these  conditions  is 
1.042  tons  per  hour,  or  about  25  tons 
(metric)  per  24  hours.  The  solution  used 
is  eight  to  10  tons  per  ton  of  ore.  An 
average  screen  classification  of  the  mill 
product  is  as  follows: 

(■lusiiiN<;  i\  Tllic  SANTA  El.r..-;  \ 
CIIII.KAX   .MII.I^. 


.Screen. 

Pcr- 
ren- 

)f  I'ro- 
:1llcl. 

Oh  60  inpstr 

TliioTiKli    60  on     Ml  Mii-sh 

TliroiiEli     so  on  lllll  nii->li 

ThroiiKli  100  on  200  me.sli 

TliroiiKti  200  mesh 

I.  1.^1 
.-.  6". 

67  30 

Charactpr  tf  Ore  Treated 

It  may  be  said  that  the  ore  upon  which 
these  results  are  obtained  is  an  ordinary 
quartz  carrying  silver  sulphides,  such  is 
characteristic  of  Guanajuato  mines,  and 
is  neither  harder  nor  softer  than  the 
average.  Experiments  have  been  made 
with  the  mills  using  a  Ton-Cap  screen, 
the  width  of  the  opening  being  the  same 
as  the  opening  of  the  regular  40-mesh 
steel-wire  screen.      This    showed    a   no- 


968 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


table  increase  of  the  duty  of  the  mill, 
and  in  the  future  that  screen  will  be 
used.  The  cost  of  operation  of  the 
mill  is  given  in  the  following  table,  it 
being  based  upon  the  life  of  a  set  of 
tires  and  dies,  which  is  18  months  with 
full  efficiency.  In  fact,  they  usually  last 
nearly  or  quite  two  years,  but  w^ith  a 
diminishing  efficiency  after  18  months,  so 
that  figure  is  taken  as  the  standard.  The 
complete  set  of  two  tires  and  the  set 
of  dies  cost  1625  pesos  delivered  at  the 
null.  With  18  months'  use,  these  will 
crush  about  12,600  metric  tons  of  ore. 


The  data  on  the  Loreto  mill  are  taken 
from  those  published  by  McCann". 

It  is  stated  here  that  the  mills  at  Lo- 
reto make  a  finer  product  than  stamps  at 
a  less  cost  for  power  and  consumption 
of  steel,  that  is,  tires  and  dies,  but  the 
statement  is  also  made  that  the  repair 
cost   is   greater  with  the   mills  than  wHth 


COMPARISON  OF  MILLING  AT  DIFFERENT 
MEXICAN  CAMPS. 


COSTS  OF   CRU 

SUING 

AT 

SANTA   ELENA. 

Pesos 

Ton 
Milled. 

Labor. . 

Lubrication 

Power                .    . 

0.03 
0.01 
0.2S8 

Tires  and  dies 

Extra  repairs.  .  .  . 

0 .  129 
0.010 

Total 

0.-467 

In  this  connection  I  would  call  atten- 
tion to  the  article'  showing  data  on  the 
work  of  Chilean  mills,  by  Francisco  Nar- 
vaez.  These  mills  at  the  Hacienda  La 
Union  have  been  at  work  a  number  of 
years  and  their  results  are  well  worthy 
of  careful  study.  Narvaez  has  given  in 
detail  the  costs  of  work  at  Pachuca,  in- 
cluding depreciation  on  the  mill,  but  as 
this  item  is  rarely  included  in  pub- 
lished data,  I  have  eliminated  the  item 
from  his  figures,  and  the  costs  at  La 
Union  under  these  circumstances  are 
0.558  peso  per  ton. 

The  difference  between  the  costs  at 
Santa  Elena  and  La  Union  is  due  en- 
tirely to  the  item  of  labor,  which,  it 
seems,  is  more  in  Pachuca.  At  Santa 
Elena  one  man  takes  care  of  two  mills 
on  each  shift,  while  at  La  Union  Nar- 
vaez charges  one  man  on  each  shift  for 
each  mill  and  at  a  higher  cost  than  is 
necessary  here.  The  mills  at  La  Union 
grind  less  ore  in  a  longer  time,  which 
makes  their  costs  higher  than  at  Santa 
Elena,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  the  pro- 
duct of  the  mills  at  La  Union  is  much 
finer  than  is  made  here.  The  matter  of 
the  fineness  of  the  product  is  a  detail 
which  can  easily  be  arranged  with  the 
mills.  The  arrangement  depends  upon 
the  objects  in  view  and  the  conditions 
under  which  they  must  be  obtained.  We 
find  our  costs  most  favorable  under  the 
conditions  now  obtaining. 

Comparison  of  Different  Installa- 
tions 
An  accompanying  table  shows  a  com- 
parison of  the  product  of  the  Chilean 
mills  at  Santa  Elena,  Hacienda  La  Union 
and  at  the  Loretn  mill  of  the  Compania 
MInera  Real  del  Monte  y  Pachuca.  The 
latter  uses  14  mills  of  the  old  style,  each 
grinding  22  tons  per  day. 

'Eno.  and  Min.   .loruN..   Nov.  \11,   i'MS. 


Santa 

La 

Elena, 

Linion, 

Loreto, 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Screen. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

On    40  mesh 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

On    60  mesh 

1.15 

0 .  00 

2.50 

On    80  mesh 

5.65 

0.41 

7.50 

On  100  mesh 

0.15 

1.50 

10.25 

On  120  mesh 

2 .  50 

On  1.50  mesh 

13.45 

10.50 

On  200  mesh 

25.75 

4.75 

8.25 

Through  200  mesh 

67.30 

80.00 

54.00 

Net   per   cent,  through 

93.05 

98.20 

75.25 

Stamps.  This  statement  seems  to  re- 
quire some  explanation  in  view  of  the 
costs  given  at  Santa  Elena  and  La 
Union,  for  the  repair  cost  is  essentially 
tires  and  dies  and  we  do  not  find  other 
repairs    amount    to    much.      The    costs 


S'wineine  Apron         q^^  JJ  Sprmg 

.©«  Enffinetring  J,*/ininj  Journal 

Shaking  Feeder 


given  for  the  Loreto  mill  do  not  sepa- 
rate those  due  to  stamps  and  those  for 
Chilean  mills,  the  total  for  both  being 
given  as  0.94  peso  per  ton  milled.  It 
seems  natural  to  suppose  that  the  greater 
part  of  this  expense  belongs  to  t: "; 
stamps. 

At  the  Loreto  mill  there  are  40  stamps 
working  under  the  same  conditions  as 
the  Chilean  mills,  that  is,  with  40-mesh 
screen.  The  table  shows  the  product  of 
these  stamps  compared  by  the  same  au- 
thority with  that  of  the  San  Francisco  mill 
of  the  Guanajuato  Consolidated  Mining 
and  Milling  Company,  using  stamps  with 
a  punched-slot  screen  equal  to  50  mesh, 
and  the  product  of  the  stamps'  at  Minas 
del  Tajo.  Rosario,  Sin.,  Mexico.    - 

The  costs  given  for  San  Francisco  in- 
clude general  expenses  and  a  proportion 
of  all  fixed  charges,  but  deducting  all 
these  the  cost  of  operation  amounts  to 
0.98  peso  per  ton  milled.  At  El  Tajo, 
the  costs  are  given  as  $0.4812,  equal  to 
0.9642  peso. 

Other    costs    given    by    McCann     for 


-"Renoflclo  do  Metales  do   riala 
Cianuraolon."    p.    210. 

^HiiII.    A.    I,    M.    !•;..    Feb..    1910. 


Orn  por 


Stamp  battery  work  are:  Dos  Estrellas, 
mill  No.  1 — breaking  and  crushing, 
0.848  peso;  tube  miling,  0.312;  total, 
1.160  pesos;  product  80  per  cent,  as 
slime  and  20  per  cent,  as  sand;  Dos 
Estrellas,  mill  No.  2  (Cedro) — breaking 
and  crushing,  0.874;  tube  milling,  0.356; 
total,  1.230  pesos;  product  65  per  cent, 
as  slime,  35  per  cent,  as  sand;  San  Ra- 
fael', Pachuca,  report  of  company,  1909, 
grinding  and  concentration,  one  peso  per^ 
ton    milled.  " 

In  this  case  fine  grinding  is  resorted 
to,  making  a  product  which  is  all  treated 
as  slime.  The  cost  of  concentration  is 
not  a  large  item,  probably  about  10 
centavos  per  ton,  leaving  the  balance  of 
about  0.90  peso  per  ton  for  grinding. 
This  is  about  the  most  favorable  result 
yet  published  for  reduction  with  stamps 
and  tube  mills,  and,  it  seems,  is  still 
higher  than  the  work  performed  by 
Chilean  mills. 

At  the  Pinguico  mill,  Guanajuato, 
there  are  40  stamps  and  regrinding  is 
done  in  two  6- ft.  Akron  Chilean  mills 
and  one  Bryan  mill,  product  40  per  cent, 
sand  and  60  per  cent,  slime.  The  costs 
are:  crushing,  0.19;  batteries,  0.63;  re- 
grinding,  0.45;  total,  1.27  pesos  per  ton 
milled. 

McCann'  notes  that  the  Mexican  Mines 
of  El  Oro  make  a  slime  product  en- 
tirely at  a  cost  of  SO. 30  per  ton  for  all 
grinding,  or  0.60  peso.  This  seems  ex- 
traordinary compared  with  the  costs  here 
given  for  stamp  milling.  In  view  of 
the  fact  that  it  is  stated  that  the  40 
stamps  are  moved  by  two  65-h.p.  motors 
and  that  there  are  six  tube  mills,  each 
having  its  75-h.p.  motor,  a  total  of  580 
h.p.,  it  seems  that  the  cost  of  power  alone 
would  reach  or  pass  that  figure,  even  if 
the  entire  power  of  the  motors  is  not 
needed  for  the  regular  work.  The  ca- 
pacity of  the  mill  is  said  to  be  260  tons 
per  day.  It  seems  that  the  figure  stated 
must  either  be  in  error,  or  that  there  is 
some  especially  favorable  condition  to 
account  for  the  cost. 

Comparison    of    Chilean    Mills    and 
Stamps 

It  is  extremely  interesting  to  com- 
pare the  costs  above  given  for  Chilean 
mills  and  stamps.  It  must  be  remem- 
bered that  careful  study  of  the  condi- 
tions under  which  each  plant  is  work- 
ing should  be  made  before  arriving  at 
conclusions.  The  costs  of  different  items 
vary  widely  in  different  districts.  The 
character  of  the  ore  may  be  entirely  dis- 
tinct, some  ores  are  so  hard  that  it  would 
be  foolish  to  try  to  reduce  them  with  a 
Chilean  mill.  The  cost  of  power  is  not 
likely  to  be  the  same  in  different  dis- 
tricts and  other  conditions  may  alter, 
favorably  or  otherwise.  The  cost  of 
power  at  Santa  Elena  is  much  higher 
than  in  those  districts  served  with  hydro- 

'LfX'.   clt. 


November  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


969 


electric  power,  and  labor  is  cheaper  than 
in  most  other  camps.  The  product  de- 
livered by  the  different  mills  must  be 
compared  also,  as  in  some  cases  the 
Chilean  mills  deliver  a  produce  more 
favorable  than  stamps  and  tube  mills 
combined.  It  seems  clear  that  the  Chilean 
mills  will,  used  alone,  deliver  a  more 
favorable  product  than  stamps  alone 
and  at  a  less  cost.    Also  that,  even  if  tube 


Thiocyanate  Determination  of 
Copper 

By  U.  Tsukakoski* 


C0JIP.\RI30.\    OF   STAMP    MILLS    AT    DIF- 

FERE.»^T  CAMI 

*S. 

San 

Fran- 

Ix)reto, 

cisco, 

Tajo, 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Screen. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

On    40  ine.sh 

0  4 

0,89 

2.51 

On    .iO  mesh 

3  3 

2.71 

On    60  mesh 

l.i   1 

8.92 

11.08 

On    SO  mesh 

11.70 

10  71 

1    52 

On  100  mesh 

9.90 

0.34 

3  70 

On  120  mesh 

1.60 

10.41 

On  l.'>0  mesh 

6. 50 

7.6.5 

17.30 

On  200  mesh 

6.00 

1  .72 

50   10a 

Through  200  mesh 

45 .  .50 

58 .  65 

Net    product     through 

100  mesh 

.59  60 

78.43 

67.40 

a  Through  1.50  mesh. 

mills  are  used  in  each  case  for  regrind- 
ing,  the  one  working  after  Chilean  mills 
will  have  considerably  less  work  to  do. 

Advantages  of  the  Chilean  Mill 

One  of  the  greatest  points  of  advant- 
age with  the  Chilean  mill  is  that  it  is 
subject  to  much  less  stoppage  for  repairs. 
The  tires  and  dies  lasting  a  year  and  a 
half  makes  the  stoppage  due  almost  en- 
tirely to  the  changing  of  screens,  and  as 
this  item  is  considerably  less  than  with 
stamps,  loss  of  time  is  much  reduced. 

In  this  paper  we  have  been  talking 
about  the  old  style  of  mills  and  it  would 
seem  natural  that  modern  efforts  to  im- 
prove the  mill  would  be  successful.  In 
this  connection  might  be  noted  the  Lane 
mill,  a  modern  adaptation  of  the  chilean- 
mill  idea,  the  makers  of  which  guarantee 
a  repair  cost  of  less  than  four  cents 
per  ton. 

There  are  on  the  market  any  number 
of  modernized  Chilean  mills  which  are 
operated  at  a  high  speed  in  order  to  ob- 
tain capacity.  I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
these  mills  will  never  accomplish  the  re- 
sults attained  by  the  slow-speed  mills. 
High  speed  means  rapid  wear  and  a 
good  opportunity  for  accidents,  more 
wear  on  screens  and  all  the  ills  that 
come  with  rapidly  moving  parts.  Slow 
speed  and  heavy  weight  are  the  best 
means  of  crushing  ore  economically. 

Undoubtedly  the  slow-speed  Chilean 
mill  is  being  overlooked  as  a  grinding 
machine.  It  certainly  merits  considera- 
tion, for,  at  least  with  a  large  number 
of  ores,  its  costs  are  much  lower  than 
can  be  obtained  with  stamps. 


Mexico  has  an  area  of  767,000  sq.m. 
and  a  population  of  13,607,260  or  17.7 
persons  per  square  mile. 


There  are  many  precipitants  for  cop- 
per, of  which  alkaline  thiocyanates  seem 
to  be  the  best,  because  of  complete  pre- 
cipitation of  the  copper,  shorter  time 
required  for  precipitation  and  complete 
elimination  of  impurities  such  as  arsenic, 
an'.imony,  bismuth,  etc. 

The  cuprous  thiocyanate  (CuCNS)  is 
easily  dissolved  in  hot  nitric  acid.  The 
copper-nitrate  solution  thus  obtained  is 
equally  applicable  to  any  of  the  methods 
of  copper  dctemiination,  as  the  iodide, 
cyanide,  ind  electrolytic  methods.  Or 
the  copper  is  determined  by  the  per- 
manganate method  by  treating  the  cu- 
prous thiocyanate  with  fixed  alkaline  hy- 
droxide. 

I  tried  the  following  combined  method 
with  satisfactory  results,  using  potas- 
sium thiocyanate  as  precipitant  and  the 
regular  iodide  method  for  the  determina- 
tion  of  copper. 

As  the  treatment  of  the  sample  with 
mineral  acids  and  the  precipitation  of 
copper  with  alkaline  thiocyanate  is  well 
known,  I  will  merely  outline  the  treat- 
ment of  the  cuprous  thiocyanate  with 
nitric  acid. 

If  the  bulk  of  the  cuprous  thiocyanate 
obtained  is  large,  it  is  better  to  wash 
most  of  the  precipitate  back  into  the 
original  beaker,  in  which  the  precipita- 
tion was  made,  with  the  least  possible 
amount  of  wash  water.  Dissolve  the 
precipitate  in  the  beaker  with  1  to  2  c.c. 
of  strong  nitric  acid  and  boil  two  to  three 
minutes.  Pour  the  dissolved  copper  solu- 
tion over  the  previous  filter  paper  so  as 
to  dissolve  any  of  the  precipitate  which 
remained  on  the  filter  paper.  If  the  bulk 
of  the  precipitate  is  small,  washing  back 
the  precipitate  is  better  omitted  and  the 
filter  should  be  treated  with  hot  dilute 
nitric  acid  (1:1)  by  means  of  a  wash 
bottle. 

Wash   the   filter  with   hot   dilute   nitric 
acid   two  or  three   times   to   dissolve   the 
precipitate    completely.      After    washing 
with  acid  use  hot  water  several  times  to 
wash  down  any  of  the  dissolved  copper. 
The  copper  solution  should   be  received 
in  a  clean  beaker.     The  reaction  of  nitric 
acid    upon    cuprous    thiocyanate    would 
probably   be  as   follows, 
3  Cu  CN.S  ^  20  HNO,  =  3  Cu   (NO,). 
+  3  CO..  -I   3  H..  SO.  +  17  NO  -f 
7  H.  O. 
Boil  the  copper  nitrate  solution  for  a 
few  minutes,  add  aitimonia  in  slight  ex- 
cess and  boil  off  the  excess  of  ammonia, 
then  add  acetic  acid   (2  or  3  c.c).     Cool 
down     the     cupric     acetate     solution     to 
room  temperature  and  determine  the  Cu 
by  the  iodide  method. 


The  comparative  results  shown  in  the 
accompanying  table  may  be  of  interest. 
Comparing  these  results,  it  will  be  noticed 
that  the  results  by  the  method  A  are  con- 
sistent with  those  by  B  and  C.  The  re- 
sults, A,  were  obtained  by  my  first  ex- 
periments but  those  in  B  and  C  by  the 
usual  method. 

I  "MI'AKATIVE    HESULTS    ItY    TIIIOCYAX- 

ATi;.   TllIOSfLPIIATE  AND  ELEC- 

TliOLYTIC   .METHOD. 

V         ,  ,.      '  »  C 

Mimple       IVi'  cciil.  IVr  Cent.  Per  Cent. 

•^"-  Cu.  Cii.  Cu. 

1  15.13  l.-,.l!) 

■{  21/M  21.10  21.15 

j  IfJO  13.72  13.(;7 

i  l-)!^  14.15  la.'in 

•:  1-J.95  ....  14, M, 

''  I-IOO  14.03  13.il.-. 

I  4.075  4.07  4.111 

^  11.70  11.(13  n.(!5 

1^  4..,0  4.51  4.i;il 

1"  15.25  1.^.20  

''  1-»10  14.04  14.05 

]'i  l-'J-50  13.51  13..50 

'■»  11. (-.5  ll.tJO  11.7(1 

J-'  -'-•»"  22.35  22.35 

"'  14.(15  14.01)  14.05 

17  4.115  4.04  4.10 

1"^                    4 4.54  4.57 

A — Results  obtained  by  the  method 
described  above,  using  same  standard 
sodium  thiosulphate  for  titration  as  with 
C. 

B — Results  obtained  by  the  electro- 
lytic method,  using  sulphuric  acid  elec- 
trolye,  containing  2  or  3  c.c.  of  free 
strong  sulphuric  acid,  1  c.c.  of  strong 
nitric  acid  and  5  or  6  grams  of  am- 
monium nitrate,  the  current  density 
being  ND„«  —  O.i: 

C — Results  obtained  by  precipitating 
the  copper  by  sodium  thiosulphate  and 
determining  the  copper  by  iodide  method. 


The  Texas   Company 


•DouKlns,    Ariz. 


This  oil  company,  controlled  by  John 
W.  Gates  and  associates,  has  made  a 
complete  report  to  the  New  York  Stock 
Exchange,  of  which  the  main  items  are 
as  follows:  The  company  is  one  of  the 
largest  Southwestern  oil  producers,  with 
1058  miles  of  pipe-line  and  tankage  ca- 
pacity of  over  20,000.000  bbl.  The 
gross  revenue  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30  was  almost  $10,000,000.  The 
annual  production  is  about  500,000,000 
gal. 

Operations  are  being  extended  and  for 
this  purpose  83.000,000  6  per  cent.  10- 
year  notes  were  sold  recently  at  par  for 
cash. 

To  facilitate  the  maintenance  of  its 
vast  oil  business,  the  Texas  Company 
owns  over  1000  miles  of  telegraph  and 
telephone  lines.  Its  refineries,  four  in 
number,  have  a  daily  capacity  of  30,000 
bbl.  The  company  maintains  240  dis- 
tributing agencies,  and  also  has  one  in 
Antwerp  which  supplies  northern  conti- 
nental Europe.  In  addition  full  cargo 
shipments  are  made  from  Port  Arthur 
to  all  foreign  countries.  The  company's 
carriage  equipment  comprises  1010  tank 
cars  and  a  fleet  which  has  a  bulk  ca- 
pacity of  210,000  barrels. 


970 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


Mill    of  the  Randfontein  Central 
Gold    Mining    Company 

By  E.  M.  Weston* 


The  Randfontein  Central  mine  is  situ- 
ated on  the  western  extension  of  the  Wit- 
watersrand  beds  about  20  miles  from 
Johannesburg.  Ore  will  be  hauled  from 
five  shafts  to  the  central  reduction  works 
by  steam  locomotives.  Only  one  con- 
veyer belt  is  employed  on  the  plant,  all 
other  work  being  done  by  mechanical 
haulage  employing  the  old  ropes  from 
hoists.  The  reduction  plant  consists  of 
600  stamps  of  1650  lb.,  with  16  tube  mills 
designed  to  crush  150,000  tons  per 
month.  The  length  of  the  mill  building  is 
634  ft.,  width  69  ft.  The  steel  work, 
which  consists  chiefly  of  the  light  frame- 
work for  the  roof,  weighs  550  tons,  and 
there  are  70,000  sq.ft.  of  corrugated  iron 
covering  the  roof  and  walls. 


broken  cam  shafts  to  be  utilized  soma 
five  stamp  drives  are  provided.  There 
are  no  amalgamating  plates  in  the  stamp 
mill,  shaking  amalgamating  plates  being 
provided  after  the  tube  mills. 

The  cyanide  sand  plant  consists  of  two 
groups,  one  at  the  east  and  the  other  at 
the  west  of  the  mill,  each  consisting  of 
one  row  of  si,\  upper  collecting  tanks, 
and  12  lower  treatment  tanks  in  two  rows 
of  six  each,  one  row  being  directly  un- 
derneath the  collecting  tanks  and  the 
other  as  shown  in  the  photograph  parallel 
tc  it  on  same  level.  All  sand  tanks  are 
60  ft.  diam.  by  15  ft.  deep.  One  col- 
lecting tank  serves  two  treatment  tanks. 
The  sand  is  transferred  from  the  collect- 
ing vat  to  the  outside  treatment  vat  by 
hand  tramming  in  two  cars  running  on 
staging  having  a  slight  down  grade  across 
the  top  of  the  treatment  tank.  The 
framework  of  the  supports  is  of  the  usual 
type  of  built-up  steel  girders  to  form 
columns  and  channel-beam  girders.  The 
load  of  each  column  is  270  tons. 


building  237x100  ft.  All  sand  will  be  ele- 
vated by  ten  centrifugal  sand  pumps  of 
10-in.  diam.,  six  for  coarse  sand,  four  for 
fine  sand.  The  slime  will  be  elevated  by 
four  12-in.  centrifugal  pumps,  all  these 
being  of  local  manufacture  after  the  de- 
signs of  Robeson-Davidson.  Mechanical 
haulage  will  transport  residues  to  the 
tailings  dump  at  the  rate  of  440  tons  per 
hour.  David  Gilmour,  the  consulting  me- 
chanical engineer  to  the  Randfontein  Es- 
tates, is  responsible  for  the  design  and 
erection  of  this  huge  plant  and  it  is  to  his 
courtesy  that  the  accompanying  illustra- 
tions are  due. 


Mineral  Production  of  the  Province 

of  Ontario  4 


The  selling  value  at  the  mines  of  the 
1909  mineral  production  of  the  province 
of  Ontario  is  given  at  $32,981,375,  which 
is  an  increase  of  28  per  cent,  over  the 
best  previous  record.     The  value  of  the 


Slimes  Pl.\nt,  Randfontein  Central  Gold  Mining  Company 


Mill  Built  on  Tried  Plans 

The  design  of  this  mill  has  followed 
more  conservative  lines  than  did  that  of 
the  City  Deep  mill  recently  described. 
The  battery  and  mill-bin  framework  are 
of  pitch  pine,  the  battery  posts  being, 
however,  bolted  in  sockets  to  the  con- 
crete foundations  for  the  mortar  boxes. 
These  boxes  are  bolted  down  to  the  con- 
crete foundation  which  has  a  central  tun- 
nel along  its  base,  thus  differing  from  the 
City  Deep  type  of  foundation  where  the 
bolts  are  laid  in  grooves  on  the  surface  of 
the  back  and  front  of  the  foundation. 

Four  Horsepower  Per  Stamp  Provided 

The  stamps  are  driven  in  groups  of  ten 
by  a  40-h.p.  motor  and  the  driving  pulley 
is  set  between  the  two  five-stamp  boxes 
to  reduce  torsional  stresses.     To  enable 


•Mlnlns  onginppr.  20  St.  Jlnry's  buildings, 
.Tolmnnesburg.   Transvaal. 


Details  of  Slime  Plant 

The  slime  plant  lies  between  the  two 
sand-treatment  plants  and  consists  of  25 
tanks,  70  ft.  diam.  by  14  ft.  deep,  with 
bottoms  coned  to  a  further  depth  of  seven 
feet.  The  slime  pump  house  is  in  the 
center  of  the  tanks.  The  frame  of  the 
extractor  house  can  be  seen  in  the  photo- 
graphs beyond  the  slime  tanks;  it  is  300 
ft.  long  and  70  ft.  in  width,  and  below 
it  out  of  sight  are  eight  solution  storage 
tanks  60  to  70  ft.  in  diameter  and  12  ft. 
deep.  The  photograph  shows  the  founda- 
tion for  the  tube-mill  plant  of  16  tube 
mills  22x5^.  ft.  each.  The  reinforced- 
concrete  framework  seen  is  for  the  mo- 
tors and  classifiers  for  tube  mills  which 
will  be  erected  in  two  parallel  rows  of 
eight  each  on  the  ground  level,  their  dis- 
charge being  elevated  to  shaking  tables 
for  amalgamation  and  thence  to  sand 
pumps.    These  will  be  housed  in  a  steel 


production,  as  refined,  is  estimated  at 
S37.000,000  or  41  per  cent,  of  the  total 
Canadian  output.  Silver  (almost  entirely 
from  the  Cobalt  district)  amounted  to 
$12,464,722;  pig  iron  to $6,301,528;  nickel 
$2,790,798;  all  other  metallic  minerals 
$1,425,448. 

Nonmetallic  Minerals 
The  total  value  of  all  nonmetallic  min- 
erals was  $10,052,879,  of  which  portland 
cement  was  the  most  important,  with  a 
value  of  $2,897,348.  The  production  of 
petroleum  fell  off  26  per  cent,  to  $559,- 
478,  this  being  the  most  notable  decrease. 


At  the  fourth  international  conference 
of  American  republics  it  was  decided  to 
change  the  name  of  the  International  Bu- 
reau of  American  Republics  to  the  Pan 
American  Union  which  will  continue  to 
disseminate  information  regarding  our 
Southern  neighbors. 


Novemcer  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


971 


An  Incident  in  Colliery  Electrical  Work 


BY  JAMES  A.  SEAGER  - 


The  engineering  staff  connected  with  a 
ccliiery  is  not  always  as  fully  informed 
regarding  electrical  matters  as  would  ap- 
pear to  be  advisable,  having  regard  to  the 
great  extent  to  which  electricity  is  now 
being  used  in  colliery  installations.  This 
nir.y  be  due  partly  to  the  fact  that  elec- 
trical engineering  is  of  comparatively  re- 
cent date  so  far  as  its  application  to  col- 
liery practice  is  concerned;  also  the 
spread  of  technical  information  among 
colliery  engineers  regarding  electricity 
has  not  been  so  rapid  or  complete  as  the 
extension  of  its  uses.  To  this  may  be 
added  the  fact  that  by  its  nature  electri- 
cal engineering  is  based  more  on  theore- 
tical and  abstract  matters  than  is  me- 
chanical engineering  which  deals  largely 
Mith  solid  and  visible  materials,  and  the 
practical  man  employed  in  a  colliery  is. 
therefore,  not  so  well  adapted  to  acquir- 
ing the  necessary  details  concerning  an 
electrical  plant  as  he  is  with  regard  to 
mechanical  apparatus. 

Ignorance  with  Regard  to  Uses  of 
Electricity 

Whatever  may  be  the  reason,  there  is 
no  doubt  that  a  large  amount  of  igno- 
rance with  regard  to  the  uses  of  electric- 
ity is  to  be  found  among  colliery  men; 
one  example  is  better  than  a  long  dis- 
cussion of  the  matter  in  order  to  bring 
home  the  truth  of  these  remarks.  An  in- 
stance may  be  narrated  of  the  way  in 
which  the  absence  of  technical  knowledge 
very  nearly  involved  a  colliery  in  dis- 
aster. The  incident  occurred  some  little 
time  ago  so  that  there  is  probably  now 
no  objection  to  the  matter  being  made 
public. 

It  was  decided  by  the  management  of 
a  large  colliery  to  install  an  electrical 
plant  consisting  of  a  generating  station 
of  an  original  capacity  of  300  kw.  (which 
has  since  grown  to  nearly  ten  times  that 
value)  and  a  distributing  system  passing 
down  the  pit  shaft  for  the  purpose  of 
supplying  haulages,  etc.,  and  also  the 
workings  in  the  tnain  seam,  which  was 
situated  some  300  fathoms  below  the  sur- 
face. The  electrical  plant  was  placed  in 
a  building  adjacent  to  an  existing  steam- 
raising  plant  some  little  distance  from  the 
downcast  shaft.  Between  the  house  con- 
taining the  electrical  apparatus  and  this 
shaft,  there  was  a  culvert  or  pipe  of  mild 
steel  3  ft.  in  internal  diameter  which 
emerged  in  the  shaft  about  10  ft.  from 
the  top.  This  was  utilized  as  a  culvert 
for  air  and  water  pipes,  and  upon  the 
electrical  installation  being  decided  upon, 
it  was   judged    expedient    to     carry     the 

•lllaokfit    street.     Xowi'.istle-on-'r.viif.     Kni:. 


electric  cables  from  the  generating  plant 
through  this  pipe  and  down  the  pit  shaft. 

Teaching  the  Men  to  Be  Careful 

By  an  arrangement  with  the  manufact- 
urer of  the  electrical  plant  the  whole  of 
the  labor,  both  skilled  and  unskilled,  re- 
quired for  the  erection  of  the  apparatus 
was  provided  by  the  colliery,  the  engi- 
neers simply  sending  one  man  to  super- 
vise the  erection  of  the  engines  and  an- 
other to  supervise  the  installation  of  the 
electrical  plant.  This  latter  was  of  the  al- 
ternating-current three-phase  type  oper- 
ating at  500  volts  between  phases.  Pre- 
vious to  the  installation  of  this  plant,  a 
small  amount  of  direct  current  had  been 
used  at  200  volts  and  the  electrician  at 
the  colliery  had  been  accustomed  to 
touch  live  parts  with  impunity.  One  of 
the  first  things  that  the  contractor's  man 
had  to  teach  the  local  men  was  that  it 
was  not  safe  to  touch  any  live  part  on  the 
500-volt  alternating-current  system.  This 
he  did  when  the  first  engine  and  gener- 
ator were  installed  by  bringing  the  exci- 
tation as  low  as  possible  so  as  to  give  a 
jMessure  of  200  volts  and  then  in- 
viting electricians  to  touch  a  terminal. 
The  shock  that  they  got  was  quite 
sufficient  to  convince  them  of  the  un- 
pleasantness which  would  be  experi- 
enced on  500  volts,  and  they  acted  as 
excellent  missionaries  in  warning  all  the 
men  in  the  pit  that  they  should  on  no 
account  go  near  the  electrical  plant.  This 
point  is  mentioned  to  show  how  complete- 
ly in  the  dark  the  men  on  the  supply  were 
as  regards  the  plant  they  were  to  operate 
and  explains  the  incident  which  is  now  to 
be  related. 

Tm:  Cable  Was  Fastened  in  a  Wood 
Casing 

In  order  to  be  beforehand  with  the 
electrical  contractor  and  to  get  the  work 
through  as  quickly  as  possible,  the  local 
staff  decided  to  erect  the  cable  before 
the  arrival  of  the  dynamos  and  motors. 
This  they  did  by  uncoiling  the  cable, 
which  was  of  the  three-core  paper-insu- 
ialed  and  lead-covered  type,  in  the  room 
built  for  the  generating  plant,  taking  it 
through  the  culvert  to  the  pit  shaft  and 
winding  it  again  on  to  a  drum  placed  in 
the  pit  cage.  To  accommodate  the  cable 
down  the  pit  shaft,  wood  casing  approxi- 
mately 3x4  in.  in  section  was  grooved 
out  so  as  to  fit  the  cable  tightly  and  thus 
the  cable  was  supported  along  its  length. 
This  was  a  wise  precaution  inasmuch  as 
il  is  well  known  that  if  an  unarmored 
lead-covered  cable  is  supported  from  the 
top,  the  weight  of  lead  and  its  ductility 
cause    it    to    creep    and,    overlapping    in 


some  places,  to  break  away  at  others, 
leaving  the  paper  bare.  This  casing  was 
fixed  to  the  timbering  in  the  shaft  and 
when  the  cable  was  put  into  position,  it 
was  covered  by  means  of  a  board  screwed 
over  the  top  of  the  trough.  The  cable 
down  the  shaft  was  run  in  three  lengths 
with  two  joints  and  all  this  work  was 
complete  when  the  superintending  elec- 
trician of  the  contract  arrived  at  the  col- 
liery. 

When  the  work  had  so  far  progressed 
that  one  of  the  haulage  gears  with  its 
motor  and  oil  switch  was  in  position  at 
the  bottom  of  the  shaft  and  one  of  the 
generating  sets  and  switchboards  was 
erected  and  connected  up  in  the  dynamo 
room,  it  was  decided  to  give  this  part  of 
the  installation  a  trial  run.  The  insula- 
tion was  tested  by  means  of  an  ohmmeter 
and  it  was  rather  low,  but  yet  sufficiently 
high  to  make  it  entirely  safe  to  try  the 
lilant.  On  running  up,  however,  with  the 
haulage  switch  open,  the  main  fuse  of  the 
alternator  at  once  blew.  Another  set  of 
fuses  was  inserted  and  the  plant  tried 
again  with  a  like  result,  and  this  con- 
tinued for  some  little  time.  Finally,  how- 
ever, the  fault  was  brought  down  to  such 
small  dimensions  that  it  was  possible  to 
run  the  plant  up  on  a  single  strand  of  No. 
22  copper  wire  in  each  pole,  and  to  keep  it 
running  under  these  conditions.  It  was 
then  judged  that  the  fault  had  been  dried 
out  and  the  main  fuses  of  proper  capacity 
vere  reinserted. 

Cable  Sets  Shaft  on  Fire 

The  contractor's  electrician  then  went 
down  the  mine  to  the  haulage  motor, 
which  was  situated  about  four  hundred 
yards  inby,  and  ran  up  the  motor  without 
any  trouble.  After  shutting  down  for  a 
short  time,  however,  and  attempting  to 
start  up  again  he  found  that  no  current 
was  obtainable  and  started  to  walk  back 
toward  the  downcast  shaft  but  had  not 
gone  far  before  he  noticed  a  strong  smell 
of  burning  bitumen.  Almost  at  the  same 
time  he  met  a  pit  boy  running  into  the 
mine  yelling  that  the  downcast  shaft  was 
on  fire.  As  there  were  about  a  thousand 
men  in  the  mine  at  the  time,  the  effect 
of  such  a  cry  would  have  been  an  in- 
stant stampede  and  probably  loss  of  life, 
so  that  the  boy  was  silenced  by  vigorous 
methods  and  driven  back  to  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft.  Here  it  was  found  impossible 
to  get  up  and  means  of  communication 
was  for  a  time  broken  down.  After  an 
hour's  waiting,  however,  the  electrician 
got  to  the  surface  and  found  the  colliery 
electricians  awaiting  him,  who  told  him 
that  the  weak  place  in  the  cable  had  at 
least   been    found.      On   going   down   the 


972 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


shaft  again  for  inspection,  it  was  found 
that  at  a  certain  point  about  40  yd.  down, 
the  casing  and  cover  had  been  sheared 
away  by  an  electrician  to  a  distance  of 
about  two  inches  as  cleanly  as  if  a  saw 
had  cut  into  it  and  the  cable  was  also 
cut  through  in  the  same  way.  The  strong 
draft  down  the  shaft  had,  of  course,  as- 
sisted the  conflagration  and  there  was  a 
considerable  amount  of  burning  about  the 
place. 

No  Precaution  Made  to  Insure  Safety 
OF  Lead  Cover  on  Cable 

The  contractor's  electrician  at  once  in- 
sisted upon  a  thorough  examination  re- 
garding the  way  in  v.-hich  the  cable  had 
been  put  into  the  trough,  and  several 
lengths  of  the  cover  were  removed.  This 
revealed  the  fact  that  in  quite  two  dozen 
places,  there  were  gashes  (some  of  them 
12  in.  in  length)  in  the  lead  covering,  the 
paper  showing  completely  through;  and 
on  an  explanation  of  this  being  de- 
manded, it  transpired  that  when  the  oper- 
ation of  putting  the  cable  into  position 
had  taken  place,  no  precaution  had  been 
made  to  insure  safety  of  the  lead  cover. 
It  had  simply  been  unwound  in  the  dy- 
namo room  and  pulled  through  the  cul- 
vert without  any  attempt  at  support  or 
any  preparation  of  the  culvert  with  wood 
facing  as  should  have  been  done. 

As  the  various  lengths  of  the  culvert 
were  jointed  together  with  internal  flanges 
the  effect  of  drawing  the  heavy  lead- 
covered  cable  over  sharp  projecting  iron 
edges  can  easily  be  imagined.  After 
lecturing  the  colliery  engineers  on  the  in- 
advisability  of  stripping  the  lead  covering 
from  a  paper-insulated  cable  and  of  then 
putting  it  into  place  and  covering  it  up 
without  saying  anything  about  it,  the  con- 
tractor's engineer  washed  his  hands  of 
the  whole  job  until  a  fresh  cable  had 
been  ordered  and  put  into  place,  a  some- 
what expensive  job  for  the  colliery. 

The  Fault  Is  Often  with  the  Men  and 
Not  the  Apparatus 

The  above  incident  obtains  its  value 
from  the  fact  that  it  demonstrates  how 
extremely  carefully  the  supervision  work 
must  be  carried  out  in  collieries,  having 
regard  to  the  ignorance  which  seems  to 
exist  among  colliery  engineers  upon  elec- 
trical matters.  It  would  seem  to  be  al- 
most incredible  that  anyone  should  im- 
agine that  a  cable  subjected  to  such 
treatment  should  be  expected  to  stand  up 
to  its  work  in  a  downcast  shaft  whose 
walls  were  covered  by  a  trickle  of  water 
and  whose  atmosphere  was  thoroughly 
damp.  But  the  above  illustration  is  not 
an  invention.  For  this  reason  it  is  valu- 
able as  possibly  explaining  to  a  certain 
extent  the  outcry  which  has  recently 
been  raised  regarding  the  safety  of  elec- 
tiical  apparatus  in  mines.  Very  often  the 
fault  does  not  lie  in  the  apparatus  itself 
but  in  the  extremely  careless  way  in 
which  it  is  treated. 


The  Coal   Industry  in  South  Wales 


The  output  of  coal  in  South  Wales  dur- 
ing 1909  was  50,364,000  tons.  The  most 
important  occurrence  during  the  year  was 
the  enforcement  of  the  eight-hour  act, 
which  became  operative  on  July  1,  1909. 
Previous  to  this  time,  practically  all  of 
the  mines  were  hoisting  for  10  hours  per 
day  at  top  speed,  without  cessation.  The 
sudden  enforcement  of  the  shorter  work- 
ing day  automatically  reduced  produc- 
tion. Coincident  with  the  introduction  of 
the  eight-hour  day,  the  mine  owners  ter- 
minated all  wage  agreements  with  the 
miners,  claiming  that  that  increased  cost 
of  mining  coal  forced  on  them  by  the  Act, 
necessitated  reduction  in  the  wage  rate. 
After  protracted  negotiations  between  the 
Miners'  Federation  and  the  Coal  Owners' 
Association,  a  new  sliding  scale  of  wages 
was  agreed  to  on  April  8.  1910.  The 
agreement  was  made  for  a  period  of  five 
years,  and  the  wages  paid  now  stand  at 
about  10  per  cent,  below  the  wages  paid 
in   1908. 

Output  per  Man 

The  output  of  coal  per  man  during  1909 
was  246  tons,  which  compares  with  an 
output  of  271  tons  in  1906.  The  reduced 
production  is  attributed  entirely  to  the 
eight-hour  act. 

It  is  claimed  by  the  owners  that  the 
miners  boycott  cutting  machines.  The 
miners  say  cutting  machines  are  unsuit- 
able to  the  seams.  Only  a  limited  num- 
ber are  in  use. 

One  effect  of  the  eight-hour  act  has 
been  to  increase  working  cost  and  reduce 
production,  which  has  resulted  in  an  im- 
provement in  prices,  enabling  the  princi- 
pal colliery  companies  to  maintain  a 
small  profit.  The  average  net  profit  of 
six  of  the  most  successful  companies 
during  the  last  five  years  works  out  at 
38c.  per  ton;  this  means  a  dividend  on  the 
capital  invested  of  from  8  to  20  per  cent. 
There  is  another  side  to  the  picture,  how- 
ever. A  group  of  six  other  important 
companies,  with  a  total  capital  of  more 
than  524,000,000,  paid  $5,000,000  in 
wages  and  earned  nothing  in  1909  for 
the  owners. 


the  ventilating  fan,  hauling  skips,  and  for 
all  the  purposes  where  power  is  needed, 
as  well  as  for  lighting.  The  colliery  of- 
ficials also  propose  to  provide  light  for 
the  town,  and  eventually  to  undertake  a 
general  system  of  power  distribution  about 
the  district  for  agricultural  and  industrial 
purposes. 

The  adit  workings  on  the  mountainside 
are  nearly  a  mile  away  from  the  power 
house,  with  which  they  are  connected  by 
an  ascending  and  descending  electric 
tramway.  Adjoining  the  power  house  is 
the  screening  and  washing  plant,  from 
which  the  coal  will  drop  direct  into  rail- 
way cars.  An  unusual  degree  of  free- 
dom from  sulphur  is  claimed  for  the  pro- 
duct. The  coal  seam  is  6  ft.  thick  and 
extends  entirely  through  the  mountain. 
Coal  outcrops  like  those  which  led  to  the 
discovery  of  the  Utrecht  mine,  occur  all 
over  the  district. 

The  main  entry,  6  ft.  high  by  about  12 
ft.  wide,  has  been  driven  into  the  hill 
for  a  distance  of  about  half  a  mile,  and 
from  this  entry,  cross  entries  and  rooms 
are  being  driven,  so  that  development 
work  is  progressing  rapidly.  The  enter- 
prise is  under  the  control  of  two  or  three 
large  English  financiers;  no  company  was 
constituted  in  the  sense  of  public  capital 
being  either  invited  or  embarked  in  the 
undertaking.  The  branch  of  railway  lead- 
ing up  to  the  mine  is  26  miles  long,  and 
is  similarly  controlled  by  private  capital. 
There  is  little  or  no  agricultural  country 
developed  at  present  on  the  line  of  rail- 
way, so  that  any  profit  must  result  from 
the  transportation  of  coal.  L.  V.  Withie 
is  manager  of  the  mine. 


New    Natal  Colliery  Adopts   Cen- 
tral Power  Supply  Scheme 

Special  Correspondence' 


Construction  work  at  the  Utrecht  col- 
liery, situated  near  the  town  of  that  name 
in  Natal,  South  Africa,  has  been  com- 
pleted, and  the  mine  has  started  to  pro- 
duce coal.  The  interesting  point  concern- 
ing this  new  colliery  is  the  fact  that  it 
will  be  run  entirely  by  electricity.  The 
current  will  he  generated  on  the  spot, 
and  will  be  used  for  the  hoisting  engine. 


Navy  to  Test  Pacific  Coast  Coal 


Special  Correspondence 


Arrangements  have  been  made  where- 
by our  naval  vessels  will  carry  on  a  series 
of  tests  with  Pacific  Coast  coal  from  the 
State  of  Washington.  All  of  the  coal  for 
naval  uses  on  the  Pacific  Coast  is  at  pres- 
ent brought  around  from  the  Atlantic 
Coast.  All  of  the  commercial  vessels  on 
the  Pacific  use  Washington  coal.  Those 
who  advocate  the  use  of  Pacific  Coast 
coal  point  to  the  fact  that  the  battleship 
"Oregon,"  which  made  her  notable  voy- 
age around  the  coast  of  South  America 
and  arrived  in  time  to  participate  in  the 
battle  of  Santiago,  used  Pacific  Coast 
coal,  from  Puget  Sound  to  South  Amer- 
ica. It  is  conceded  that  the  coals  of  the 
Pacific,  ton  for  ton,  have  not  the  heating 
value  of  the  Atlantic  coal;  however,  it 
is  insisted  that  the  difference  in  relative 
cost  is  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  dif- 
ference  in   efficiency. 


The  by-product  coke  ovens  nearly 
completed  by  the  Steel  Corporation  at 
Carv.  Ind.,  are  550  in  number  and  can 
make  1.6.50,000  tons  of  coke  yearly. 


November  12.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


973 


Danger  of  Inrushes  of  Surface  Water 

Thick  Cover  above  Mines  Desirable  Where  Surface  Land   Is  Liable  to 
Flood.     Ten  Lives  Lost  Working  a  Seam  Having  Only   18  ft.  Cover 


SPECIAL 


CORRESPONDENCE 


In  the  annual  report  for  the  collieries 
of  West  Scotland,  Mines  Inspector  Thom- 
as H.  Mottram  has  given  an  account  of 
a  disaster  at  No.  41  pit,  Caprington  col- 
liery, situated  near  Kilmarnock,  in  the 
county  of  Ayr,  illustrating  the  danger  that 
may  arise  from  inrushes  of  surface  wa- 
ter. Ten  persons  were  drowned,  the  ac- 
cident which  occurred  on  Dec.  10,  1909, 
being  caused  by  the  roof  of  an  abandoned 
stoop-and-room  working,  near  the  sur- 
face, giving  way,  with  the  result  that  a 
large  body  of  water,  which  had  during 
the   night,  overflowed    from   the   river  Ir- 


rompanying  section.  Fig.  2) ;  this  crosscut 
and  air  shaft  formed  a  second  outlet  to 
help  ventilate  the  west  section  of  the 
v.orkings. 

FiVK   Mkn   Escaped  through    Upcast 

Another  shaft  known  as  the  "new  air 
pit"  12  yd.  deep  (marked  B  on  plan.  Fig. 
1  I  is  connected  with  the  Blind  coal  work- 
ings 330  yd.  eastward  of  No.  41.  This  pit 
is  also  an  upcast,  but  acts  for  the  east 
section  alone,  and  five  men  who  escaped 
by  means  of  this  outlet  did  so  by  with- 


ing  subsidence  of  the  surface.  The  seam 
was  worked  by  the  stoop-and-room 
method,  and  as  the  workings  progressed 
north  to  the  Irvine  river,  and  so  from 
that  point  onwards,  the  workings  really 
formed  an  extension  of  those  in  existence 
from  adjoining  shafts  60  years  ago.  The 
size  of  the  stoops  left,  varied  from  5 
to  10  yd.  square,  and  the  rooms  were 
about  8  ft.  6  in.  wide.  The  seam  dips 
slightly  northward  and  where  the  sub- 
sidence took  place  on  Dec.  10,  the 
thickness  of  the  cover  was  about  18  ft. 
The   strata    consisted    of   sandstone   and 


Tht  i^rifjinttnng  f  Mining  Jounuii 


Fic.   1.    Plan  of  Caprington  Colliery,  Showing  Situation  of  Bodifs  After  Accident 


vine,  or  a  stream  running  into  it,  poured 
into  the  old  workings,  and  finding  its 
way  to  No.  41  pit,  ran  down  the  shaft, 
forcing  accumulated  blackdainp  in  front 
of  it. 

According  to  the  narrative  of  the  in- 
spector, No.  41  pit  is  one  of  several 
shafts  belonging  to  the  company  that 
has  worked  the  seams  known  as  the  Ell 
coal  and  the  Blind  coal.  This  shaft  is 
the  winding  pit  of  the  colliery,  and  by 
it  the  miners  are  lowered  and  raised 
daily.  Twenty  yards  distant  there  is  an 
upcast  shaft,  known  as  the  air  pit,  sunk 
to  the  Ell  coal,  and  connected  to  the 
Blind  coal  by  a  crosscut   (see  A  on  ac- 


drawing  the  fire  in  the  furnace,  situated 
about  60  yd  from  the  "new  air  pit"  bot- 
tom. The  air  pits  being  shallow  were  not 
fitted  with  apparatus  for  raising  or  low-- 
ering  persons,  but  such  apparatus, 
though  not  in  actual  use  at  the  time  of 
the  accident,  w'as  on  the  works  belong- 
ing to  the  mine  and  available  in  accord- 
ance with  the  Mines  Act. 

The  Ell  coal.  3  ft  6  in.  thick,  was  open- 
ed up  from  the  No.  41  pit  about  15  years 
ago.  The  working  of  it  continued  until 
1906,  w'hcn  it  was  abandoned,  the  stoops 
formed  by  the  first  working  being  consid- 
ered too  small  to  remove  without  caus- 


gravel,  12  ft.;  Fakey  sandstone,  566  ft.; 
Ell  coal,  3  ft.  6  inches. 

The  present  workings  are  in  the  Blind 
coal  3  ft.  thick.  As  shown  on  the  section, 
No.  41  pit  is  a  little  deeper  than  the 
position  of  the  seam;  a  crosscut  rising  1 
in  50  intersects  the  coal  north  of  the  pit. 
Stoops  were  formed  from  40  to  80  ft. 
square,  and  afterwards  split  or  reduced 
as  shown  on  the  plan. 

Like  the  Ell  coal  the  Blind  coal  was 
also  worked  on  the  north  side  of  the  Ir- 
vine river  many  years  ago,  a  barrier  of 
coal  being  left  between  the  old  and  new 
workings,  as  the  former  were  thought  to 
contain  accumulated  water. 


974 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  12,  191U. 


Details  of  the  Accident 

On  the  night  of  the  accident,  the  fire- 
man encountered  blackdamp,  which  put 
out  his  light.  He  tried  to  relight  his 
lamp,  but  his  matches  would  not  strike. 
Arriving  at  the  pit  bottom  he  found  the 
bottom  3lso  in  the  dark.  Some  time  af- 
terwards, water  was  heard  rushing  down 
the  shaft  from  the  Ell  coal.  From  an 
examination  of  the  working  plans  and 
from  the  level  of  the  water,  when  the 
inspector  arrived,  it  was  seen  how  hope- 
less it  was  to  effect  the  rescue  of  the  10 
entombed  men. 

The  position  of  the  subsidence  of  the 
surface  which  let  the  water  into  the  mine 
is  shown  on  the  plan.  The  opening  into 
the  Ell  coal  seam  at  a  depth  of  17  to  18 
ft.,  was  14  ft.  by  12  ft.,  and  occurred  at 
a  point  where  two  rooms  or  roadways  8 
ft.  6  in.  wide  intersected;  however,  at 
the  surface  the  gap  was  considerably 
larger,  caused  by  the  water  in  its  descent 
washing  a  large  quantity  of  sand  and 
gravel  into  the  old  workings.  The  force 
of  the  deluge  must  have  been  great,   for 

Section  through  C-D 
200'        Ground  Level 


safe  to  work  the  mine,  but  had  the  man- 
agement appreciated  or  recognized  the  ef- 
fect that  a  percolation  of  water  and  con- 
sequent saturation  of  the  Ell  coal  roof 
might  have  on  some  part  of  the  roof 
softer  than  the  rest,  the  inspector  thinks 
they  would  have  elected  to  keep  the  men 
out  of  the  mine  when  flooding  of  the 
surface  existed,   or  was   anticipated. 

For  the  above  data  and  the  accom- 
panying plans,  indebtedness  may  be  ex- 
pressed to  the  annual  report  prepared  by 
the  Mines  Inspector  and  issued  by  the 
Home  office. 


I 


The   Use   of   Black   Powder   in 
Coal   Mines=^ 


In  the  fields  of  the  middle  West,  it  is 
not  now  uncommon  for  a  miner  to  use  six 
kegs  (150  lb.)  of  black  powder  in  two 
weeks,  while  within  the  memory  of  men 
still  active,  one  keg  (25  lb.)  would  last 
two  men  for  two  weeks. 

So  great  has  the  use  of  explosives  be- 

<.  Caprington  "No.  41  Pit. 


169,64 


Note:- 

Levels  etc,  taken 
from  Colliery  Plan 


]  36.35' 

"0  i  .Vu«"n<7  Jon  rnixt 


Mine  Rising  1  in  50 

Fic.  2.    Section  Showing  Cover  above  Workings  and  Position  of  River 


the  cavity  was  littered  with  trees,  which 
had  been  uprooted  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
subsidence. 

Primary  Cause  of  the  Disaster 

The  inspector  in  his  report  says  the 
primary  cause  of  the  disaster  was  the 
working  of  Ell  coal  from  No.  41  shaft, 
where  the  surface  cover  was  only  18  ft. 
thick.  In  the  course  of  time,  the  Ell  coal 
roof,  which  formed  part  of  the  cover 
deteriorated,  then  collapsed  with  the 
gravel  and  sand  above,  when  the  surface 
was  flooded  during  the  night.  Mr.  Matt- 
sam  says  the  question  naturally  arises 
why  the  management  allowed  this  colliery 
to  v.'ork  when  the  surface  cover  in  the  EII 
coal  was  only  18  ft.  thick,  and  the  un- 
derneath land  was  known  to  be  subject 
to  occasional  flooding. 

To  him  It  seems  doubtful  whether  the 
owners  were  justified  in  continuing  to 
work  the  p!t.  Under  normal  conditions, 
that  is,  when  there  was  no  flooding  of  the 
surface,   it   was   evidently   comparatively 


come  in  some  fields  that  the  skilled  coal 
miner  is  hard  to  find,  and  the  coal  is 
not  mined,  but  blasted.  While  so  called 
permissible  explosives  are  coming  into 
use,  the  explosive  most  used  in  the 
United  States  today  is  black  powder, 
which  differs  from  gun  powder  in  the  use 
of  sodium  nitrate  instead  of  potassium 
nitrate,  with  an  accompanying  change  in 
the  proportions  of  sulphur  and  charcoal. 

Powder  Fired  in  Presence  of  Coal 

Detailed  experiments  have  made  it  ap- 
parent that  powder  fired  in  the  presence 
of  coal  produces  a  larger  percentage  of 
CO  than  when  fired  alone.  This  is,  of 
course,  to  be  expected,  as  the  coal  has 
very  nearly  the  effect  of  the  charcoal  of 
the  powder,  and  the  mixture  of  powder 
and  coal  behaves  like  a  powder  deficient 


*.\hstr!i<-I  nf  ;i  niitior  01111110(1  "Ojisonns  Do- 
rnniiiosi(ion-I'ifi(l\icis  of  Blnck  rowdoi-.  wllli 
Siu'clnl  Roforonro  In  tlio  I'so  nf  RIadc  Pnwdei' 
In  f'nni  MlnoR."  ro.Td  by  PMnton  M.  Ynunff. 
nl  llio  niNliiirtr  nicodni;  nf  (ho  .\moi-lrnii  Tn- 
slltntc   nf    ^finitiir    T'^nslnoors. 


in   nitrate,   and  there   is  also  some   vola 
tile  combustible  matter  distilled  from  the 
coal. 

That  the  effect  of  coal  in  increasing  the 
volume  of  gases  produced  is  recognizedMI 
by  the  miners  is  shown  by  the  custom,"! 
fortunately  not  common,  of  replacing  a 
part  of  the  powder  by  coal  drillings.  It 
has  been  stated  by  miners  in  the  Kansas 
field  that  a  charge  of  six  pounds  of 
powder  and  one  pound  of  coal  drillings 
would  do  the  work  of  a  charge  of  seven 
pounds  of  powder. 

Some  of  the  gas  mixtures,  following 
the  firing  of  shots,  are  so  near  the  point 
of  combustibility  that  they  would  be 
made  combustible  by  a  small  admixture 
of  methane  or  coal  dust.  It  is  evident, 
then,  that  the  presence  of  such  gases  in 
the  mine  air  must  be  considered  a  source 
of  danger.  This  is  especially  the  case 
when  the  gases  are  produced  by  black 
powder,  as  they  might  easily  be  ignited 
by  the  flame  from  a  subsequent  shot;  but 
it  would  also  seem  to  be  the  case 
if  the  gases  are  produced  by  other 
means.  Some  of  the  so  called  "safe- 
ty" powders  on  the  market  produce 
large  quantities  of  carbon  monoxide, 
and  it  seems  that  the  presence  of 
this  gas  in  the  mine  atmosphere  is  at- 
tended by  danger,  even  though  the  flame 
of  the  powder  itself  will  not  ignite  the 
gas. 

The   Present  Tendency  Is  to  Use  Too 
Much  Powder 

The  present  tendency  in  most  mines  is 
toward  the  use  of  more  powder  than  is 
desirable.  It  is  easier  for  the  miner  to 
shoot  the  coal  than  it  is  to  mine  it  with  a 
pick.  There  are  three  undesirable  ef- 
ects:  1.  The  roof  is  weakened  and  the 
number  of  accidents  from  falls  of  roof 
is  increased.  2.  The  coal  is  shattered 
and  its  value  decreased.  3.  Large  quan- 
tities of  powder-gas  are  produced.  The 
first  two  effects  are  greatly  increased  by 
the  use  of  dynamite,  a  practice  which  is 
indefensible,  but  which  it  seems  impos- 
sible entirely  to  prevent. 

In  case  the  miners  are  paid  for  run-of- 
mine  coal,  it  is  impossible  to  greatly  re- 
strict the  use  of  explosives.  When  pay- 
ment is  made  for  lump  coal,  the  miners 
are  more  careful,  because  the  use  of 
much  powder  decreases  the  proportion  of 
lump  coal,  and,  therefore,  decreases  the 
earnings  of  the  miner.  But  even  in  this 
case  the  use  of  explosives  may  result  in 
the  breaking  down  of  so  large  a  quantity 
of  coal  as  to  compensate  for  the  de- 
crease in  the  proportion  of  lump,  giving 
the  miner  as  large  earnings  as  he  would 
receive  if  he  produced  less  coal  with  a 
larger  proportion  of  lump,  and  making 
the  work  of  getting  it  easier. 

Arrangement  in  Michigan  More 
Satisfactory 

The  laws  in  Kansas  require  that  pay- 
ments  may  be   made   on   a   run-of-mine 


November  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


975 


basis,  and  the  result  is  the  production  of 
a  large  amount  of  slack.  It  seems  to  mc 
that  the  arrangement  obtaining  in  Michi- 
gan is  more  satisfactory.  In  this  State 
the  operator  pays  for  run-of-mine  or  for 
screened  coal  at  his  own  option,  and  the 
miner  does  not  know  on  which  basis  he 
will  be  paid  at  any  time.  The  miners  have 
a  representative  at  the  scales,  and  the 
rate  for  screened  coal  is  higher,  so  the 
arrangement  seems  fair  to  both  operator 
and  miner. 

In  Kansas  the  tendency  toward  the  ex- 
cessive use  of  powder  is  further  in- 
creased by  the  fact  that  the  powderjack 
has  been  abolished,  and  the  operators 
are  required  to  furnish  powder  in  12.5 
lb.  cans.  As  no  powder  is  allowed  to 
retnain  in  the  mine  and  the  miners  will 
not  carry  it  back  to  the  surface,  each 
man  is  practically  certain  to  use  a  can 
each  day  whether  he  needs  it  or  not. 

Black  Powder  May  Continue  to  Have 
A  Considerable  Use 

It  appears  that  the  objections  to  the 
use  of  black  powder  are  not  founded 
upon  any  question  of  the  good  or  bad 
quality  of  the  powder,  for  though  many 
samples  were  examined,  all  were  found 
to  be  good.  The  objectionable  features 
are  inherent  in  the  nature  of  the  explo- 
sive, but  may  be  aggravated  by  the 
method  of  its  use.  But  though  it  is  seen 
that  the  gases  produced  may,  under  some 
circumstances,  be  combustible,  it  must  be 
remembered  that  when  the  proper  charge 
is  used  the  danger  is  a  minimum,  and  this 
explosive,  being  slow-burning,  shatters 
the  coal  less  than  the  more  violent  ex- 
plosives. It  is  believed  that  black  powder 
may  continue  to  have  a  considerable  use 
in  mines  free  from  gas,  and  in  which  the 
dust  is  sufficiently  damp  to  prevent  sus- 
pension in  the  air. 


Elxtracting    Oil    from  Coke  Smoke 

Special  Correspondence 

Preparations  are  being  made  at  the 
plant  of  the  Semet-Solvay  Company,  at 
Dunbar,  Penn..  to  extract  another  in- 
gredient from  coke  smoke.  Already,  by 
means  of  the  retort  coke  oven,  the  com- 
pany is  getting  coal  tar,  ammonia,  and  a 
number  of  other  substances  out  of  the 
waste  from  the  oven.  This  proposed  plan 
is  to  extract  a  light  oil.  The  oil  will  be 
extracted  from  the  napthaline  in  the  gas 
that  the  oven  generates.  Not  only  will 
this  oil  be  of  commercial  value,  but  the 
plan  will  insure  the  extraction  of  a  de- 
structive element   from  the  gas. 

Investigation  has  shown  that  the  naph- 
thaline contained  in  the  gas,  produced  by 
the  retort  oven,  eats  through  the  pipes 
and  also  leaves  a  deposit  which  clogs 
them.  If  this  napthaline  can  be  removed 
in  the  form  of  a  light  oil,  much  benefit 
will   resuU.     The   process   of   extracting 


this  oil  from  the  gas  is  attended  with 
danger  because  of  its  high  explosive  na- 
ture. The  oil,  after  being  refined,  is  said 
to  possess  a  higher  explosive  quality  than 
gasolene.     It  is  of  a  reddish  color. 

If  it  is  demonstrated  that  the  destruc- 
tive properties  of  the  gas  are  extracted 
when  the  light  oil  is  recovered,  it  is  profi- 
able  that'  the  town  of  Dunbar  will  give 
the  gas  from  the  Semet-Solvay  ovens 
another  trial.  This  gas  was  tried  once, 
but  abandoned  because  the  pipes  were 
eaten  away  and  were  apt  to  clog. 


i^IIgolliery  notes 


The  Coal  industry    in    Spain 

According  to  a  report  made  by  Vice- 
Consul  William  Dawson,  of  Barcelona, 
the  coalfields  of  Spain  cover  an  estimated 
area  of  4117  square  miles.  A  total  of 
25,515  persons  are  employed  in  the  ex- 
traction of  bituminous  and  anthracite 
coal.  Of  the  total  number  of  pers.ons 
employed,  1 128  are  females,  who  do 
work  above  ground.  The  coke  industry 
employs  808  laborers,  and  the  extraction 
nf  lignite   1417. 

The  Coal  Output  Is  Increasing 

The  coal  output  of  Spain  is  increasing, 
having  risen  from  1,730,000  tons,  worth 
$2,383,200  in  1895,  to  3,690,000  tons, 
worth  S8,483,400  in  1908.  The  consump- 
tion of  soft  coal  increased  by  12  per  cent, 
from  1904  to  1908,  while  production  in- 
creased 27  per  cent.  Of  the  1,941,000 
tons  imported  in  1908,  1,911,580  tons, 
valued  at  $11,010,701  were  from  the 
United  Kingdom.  British  coal  costs 
$4.14  per  ton  in  Spain;  German,  $3.60; 
Asturian,  $3.60;  and  the  coal  from  Leon, 
$4.05.  Freight  rates  on  the  coal  from 
Great  Britain  are  $1.04  per  ton,  less  7c. 
for  immediate  discharge.  It  costs  about 
75c.  per  ton  to  bring  the  Asturian  coal  to 
market,  and  about  $1.53  to  bring  the  coal 
Irom  Leon. 

Spain  Will  Continue  to  Import  Coal 

It  is  probable  that  unless  methods  of 
working  the  coal  seams  in  Spain  are  rad- 
ically improved,  the  consumers  of  that 
country  will  continue  to  import  about 
$10,000,000  worth  of  coal  annually.  Un- 
der ordinary  circumstances,  owing  to 
high  freight,  American  coal  cannot  com- 
pete with  the  British  coal.  If  a  regular 
service  of  boats  were  established,  carry- 
ing coal  from  some  Atlantic  port  to  Spain 
and  bringing  back  ore  on  the  return  trip, 
the  rates  might  be  reduced  to  a  point 
where  our  coal  could  compete  with  the 
Birtish  product. 


There  are  now  171  coal  and  coke  com- 
panies operating  on  the  line  of  the  Nor- 
folk ^'<;  Western  railroad  in  Virginia  and 
West  Virginia.  These  companies  own 
13,931  coke  ovens.  They  shipped  over 
the  road  last  year  13,999,516  tons  of  coal 
and  2,969,496  tons  of  coke. 


The  consumption  of  coa!  in  the  Unite-i 
Jtates  is  more  than  twice  as  great  as  that 
in  any  other  country,  and  nearly  equals 
Ihc  combined  consumption  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  Germany.  France  and  Belgium, 
and  is  actually  greater  per  capita  than  in 
the  United  Kingdom. 

Tests  at  one  western  mine,  where  a 
good  grade  of  bituminous  coal  is  mined, 
showed  that  1  cu.yd.  of  mine-run  coal 
weighed  1450  lb.;  one  cubic  foot  of  the 
same  mine-run  coal  weighed  53.7  lb.  Ex- 
pressed in  another  way,  1  cu.yd.  of  this 
coal  weighed  0.72  ton,  and  it  required 
37.2  cu.ft.  of  the  coal  to  make  1  ton. 

The  Davis  Coal  and  Coke  Company  is 
to  erect  a  central  power  plant  at  Thomas, 
W.  Va.,  which  will  supply  electricity  to 
12  of  its  mines  in  that  vicinity.  Con- 
tracts for  the  machinery  have  been 
awarded,  and  it  is  expected  to  have  the 
p'ant  ready  for  work  by  about  Feb.  1. 
The  main  transmission  lines  will  be  about 
1 1   miles  in  length. 

It  is  advisable  for  every  coal  company 
operating  one  or  more  mines  to  make 
careful  tests  and  prepare  a  table  of 
weights  of  the  different  grades  of  coal 
produced  at  each  mine.  Such  a  table 
should  give  the  weight  per  cubic  yard  in 
pounds,  and  the  weight  per  cubic  foot  in 
pounds.  The  table  should  also  show  for 
each  coal  and  for  each  grade  of  coal,  the 
tons  of  coal  per  cubic  yard,  and  the  cubic 
feet  of  coal  per  ton. 

Twenty-two  of  the  65  Belgian-type  rect- 
angular ovens  at  the  Katherine  plant  of 
the  Union  Connellsville  Coke  Company 
in  Pennsylvania  are  completed,  and  the 
work  on  the  remaining  ovens  is  progress- 
ing rapidly.  The  ovens  will  be  charged 
by  an  electric  larry,  leveled  by  an  elec- 
tric leveler,  pushed  by  an  electric  pusher, 
and  the  coke  will  be  loaded  into  the  cars 
by  an  electric  conveyer.  The  watering 
machines  will  be  automatic. 

An  interesting  experiment  in  housing 
the  miners  is  being  made  by  one  of  the 
largest  coal  companies  operating  mines 
in  Scotland,  near  the  coast.  The  shafts 
of  this  company  are  situated  along  the 
Firth  of  Forth,  and  several  entries  run 
more  than  a  mile  under  the  sea.  A  dozen 
houses  near  the  water  are  each  to  be 
provided  with  a  bath  room  for  the  min- 
ers, including  hot  and  cold  water.  The 
idea  is  that  the  workers  will  have  two 
suits  of  clothing,  one  for  use  under- 
ground, and  another  for  wear  in  going  'o 
and  from  the  colliery.  After  work,  thev 
ascend  the  shaft,  enter  the  bath,  and  re- 
appear in  ordinary  street  clothing.  An 
inquiry  at  the  company's  office  elicited 
the  information  that  only  about  one  min- 
er in  five  will  avail  himself  of  these  priv- 
ileges, although  the  cost  to  each  miner 
would  not  be  more  than  $10  a  year  extra, 
in  addition  to  his  rent. 


976 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS 


Mines    of    Africa,    1910-1911     Edition. 
By  R.  R.  Mabson.  21s.    The  Statist, 
London. 
Twentieth      Century     Sheet      Metal 
Worker.    By  H.  E.  Osborne.    Amer- 
ican  Artisan,  Chicago. 
Quinquennial  Review  of  the  Mineral 
Production   of   India    During   the 
Years  1904  to  1908.     By  Thomas  H. 
Holland    and    L.    Leigh    Fermor.      2 
rupees.     Records,  Geological  Survey 
of    India    (Calcutta),    Vol.    XXXIX, 
1910. 
Proceedings  of  the  Seventeenth  An- 
nual Meeting  of  the   Society  of 
Engineering    Education,    Held    in 
New-  York    City,   June   24   to   26, 
1909,    Volume    XVII.       Edited    by 
Henry  S.  Munroe,  Arthur  L.  Willis- 
ton  and  Henry  N.  Norris.     Office  of 
the  Secretary,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
Factory  Organization  and  Administra- 
tion.     By  Hugo  Diemer.     S3.     Mc- 
Qraw-Hill     Book     Company,     New 
York. 
The    details   of    factory    administration 
are  set  forth  from  an  engineer's  stand- 
point.   The  book  is  intended  for  officers, 
managers   and   accountants  of  industrial 
corporations. 

The    Mechanical    Appliances    of    the 
Chemical  and  Metallurgical   In- 
dustries.    By    Oskar   Nagel.      Pub- 
lished by  the  author.  New  York. 
Contents:    Steam,  water,  gas  and  elec- 
tric   power;     transportation     of    solids; 
liquids  and   gases;    grinding   and   mixing 
machines;  furnaces;  filter  presses;  puri- 
fication  of  eases;   evaporating,   distilling 
and      condensing;      drying      appliances; 
measurement  of  temperature. 

More  Recent  Cyanide  Practice,  edited 

by  H.  Foster  Bain.     $2.     Mining  and 

Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

The  volume  is  a  compilation  of  many 

of  the  articles  on  cyanide  practice  which 

appeared    in    the    Mining   and   Scientific 

Press,  from  October,  1907,  to  July,  1910. 

The   individual    articles    cover    a    wide 

range  and  set  forth  the  development  of 

both  theory  and  practice   in   all  parts  of 

the     world.       The     contributors     Include 

many  well  known  cyanide  metallurgists. 

Compressed  Air:    Theory  and  Compu- 
tations.  By  Elmo  G.  Harris.   $1.50. 
McGraw-Hill    Book    Company,    New 
York. 
Contents:     Formulas  for  work;  meas- 
urement   of   air;    friction    in    air   pipes; 
hydraulic   and   centrifugal    air   compres- 
sors; special  applications  of     irr'pressed 
air;  the  air-lift  pump;  examples  and  ex- 
ercises. 

The  volume  presents  a  mathematical 
treatment  of  problems  in  compressed  air, 
and  is  intended  for  the  use  of  the  thor- 
oughly trained  engineer. 


Hydraulic     Mining:        Classification, 
Test  and  Valuation  of  Alluvials; 
Water  Supply;  Methods  of  Work- 
ing Alluvials,  etc.,  with  Supple- 
ments on  Roads  for  Mining  Pur- 
poses, and    Motor    Traction,    and 
Appendix.      By    C.    C.    Longridge. 
20s.      The  Mining   Journal,   London. 
Part  I  treats  of  placer  deposits,  pros- 
pecting   and    valuing    ground.      Part    II: 
Water      supply;      reservoirs;       ditches; 
flumes,    and    hydraulic   pipes.      Part    III: 
Various   forms   of  hydraulic   mining   and 
equipment.     The    volume    is    largely    a 
compilation    of   articles   which    have    ap- 
peared   in   various   mining   journals,   and 
other  technical  publications. 
The    Mines    Directory,    Vol.    I,    1910. 
Cloth,     $5;     leather,     S7.50.       The 
Mines  Directory  Company,  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah. 
This  volume   of  630  pages  presents  a 
directory  of  the  mines  of  Arizona,  Cali- 
fornia,   Colorado,    Idaho,    Montana,    Ne- 
vada   and    Utah;    with    about    30    pages 
under   the    head    of   "Miscellaneous,"    in 
which   a  number  of  companies   in   other 
States  are  briefly  noted.     There  are  also 
lists  of  custom  smelting  plants,  mining- 
stock   exchanges,   mining   brokers,   bank- 
ers, etc.     Some   75  pages   are   occupied 
by   summaries    of   mining    laws,    and    by 
statistical  tables.     The  tables  seem  rather 
superfluous,  especially   as  the   figures   in 
them,   with    a    few    exceptions,    are    only 
brought  up  to  1907.     The  directory  gives 
for   each   mining   company    reported    the 
situation   of  the   property,  capitalization, 
names   of   officers   and   such   other   par- 
ticulars   as    were    to    be    obtained;     the 
notices  being  necessarily  brief  and  con- 
densed   in    form. 

Recent  Advances  in  the  Construction 
OF  Electric  Furnaces  for  the  Pro- 
duction   of    Pig    Iron,    Steel  and 
Zinc.     By    Eugene    Haanel.       Can- 
adian   Department   of  Mines,    Mines 
Branch.     Paper,  76   pages;    Ottawa. 
Government   Printing   Bureau,    1910. 
This    publication    presents    in    concise 
form  an  account  of  the  latest  improvj- 
ments  in  connection  with  electrothermic 
processes   for  the   smelting  of  iron   ores 
and   steel   making.     As   an   indication   of 
its    rapid    development.    Doctor    Haanel 
notes    that   whereas   in    1904   only    four 
small  electric  furnaces  were  in  operation 
in   Europe,   there   are   at   present   67    in 
operation,    11    not   working    and    36    in 
course  of  erection.     The  most  important 
advances    have    been    made    in    Sweden, 
where  the  Domnarfvet  furnace  has  been 
improved    so    as    to    increase   the    output 
considerably.     With  a  charge  of  55  per 
cent.   Fe  contents,  when  producing  gray 
iron,  6283.11  lb.  of  pig  iron  per  h.p.  year 
is  obtained;   and   when   producing  white 
pig   iron,  6613.8  lb.  per  h.p.   year.     The 
furnace  has  been  working  constantly  and 
acts  satisfactorily.     It  is  now  proposed  to 
develop  600,000  h.p.,  a  large  proportion 


of  which  will  be  used  in  the  exploitation 
of  the  Swedish  iron-ore  fields.  Descrip- 
tions are  given  of  the  Cote-Pierron  zinc 
furnace  and  the  DeLaval  zinc  process 
as  applied  in  a  plant  erected  in  London 
for   demonstration    purposes. 

Economic  Geology,  with  Special  Ref- 
erence TO  the  United  States.    By 
Heinrich   Ries.      Third   Edition,   Re- 
vised,   1910.     $3.50.     The   MacMil- 
lan  Company,  New  York. 
In   his  attempt  to   cover  both   metallic 
and  nonmetallic  minerals  in  one  volume  of 
convenient  size.  Professor  Ries  has  been 
driven  to  adopt  almost  a  shorthand  meth- 
od of  presentation.     The   author  is   pro- 
fessor of  economic   geology    at   Cornell, 
and  in  aiming  to  produce  a  textbook  for 
use  in  his  own  classes,  he  has  adapted 
the     material     primarily     to     give     his 
students  a  summary  knowledge  of  all  the 
economic  minerals  mined,  or  consumed  in 
large    quantities,    in    the    United    States. 
As  a  book  of  reference  for  an  engineer 
(which,  it  is  fair  to  say,  the  author  did 
not  intend  it  to  be)   the  volume  is  alto- 
gether inadequate. 

As  illustrating  the  condensed  nature  of 
the  work,  coal,  the  output  of  which  has 
in  recent  years  been  worth  more  than 
tliat  of  all  the  metals  put  together,  is  cov- 
ered in  about  40  pages  of  reading  mat- 
ter; less  than  one  page  is  devoted  to  the 
fields  of  Pennsylvania,  and  not  even  the 
names  of  the  principal  seams  are  stated. 
Copper  receives  the  equivalent  of  about 
20  pages  of  reading  matter.  As  if  to 
recompense  for  this  superficial  treatment 
in  the  text,  the  bibliographies  at  the  ends 
of  the  chapters  are  comprehensive  and 
well  selected,  though  not  absolutely  com- 
plete. Discussions  of  such  mooted  points 
as  the  origin  of  coal  and  petroleum,  the 
source  and  enrichment  of  mineral  veins, 
and  other  debatable  matters,  are  impar- 
tially presented  from  all  points  of  view. 
The  introduction  of  statistical  tables  is 
commendable  as  giving  students  an  idea 
of  the  relative  importance  of  the  ores 
a;  d  minerals,  and  keeping  before  them 
the  often  overlooked  fact  that  ores  are 
mined  for  market  and  not  solely  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  them  employment  as 
engineers. 

The  book  is  plentifully  illustrated  with 
well  selected  and  beautifully  executed 
halftones  from  photographs  of  active 
mines.  Such  pictures  have  a  decided  ed- 
ucational value,  and  the  extra  thickness 
given  to  the  book  by  inserting  them  on 
one  side  only  of  glazed  paper  is  amply 
worth  while.  The  value  of  many  of  the 
diagrams  and  nearly  all  of  the  regional 
maps  inserted  in  the  texts,  however,  is 
seriously  impaired  by  their  illegibility. 
Alost  of  them  have  been  reproduced  from 
other  publications,  on  a  reduced  scale, 
with  the  result  that  the  legends  can  not 
be  read  without  straining  the  eyes.  In  a 
textbook  intended  for  studying  at  night, 
this  defect  can  hardly  be  overestimated. 


I 


November  12.  1010. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


977 


i      PERSO  NAL      1 


Milling  and  mctalluL-gical  ensiiu'ers  aie  in- 
viiicl  Id  k''i'|)  TiLi:  ICxiUNKKItlM;  AXl)  MiMxa 
.1  Ml  KXAI.  inloimed  of  their  movements  and 
apimintmeiits. 


J.  C.  Beidelman,  of  Montreal,  is  in  the 
Sturgeon  Lake  district. 

Ernst  F.  Eurich,  of  New  York,  will 
spend  the  winter  in  Europe. 

Edmund  B.  Kirby,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
has  returned  from  a  trip  to  the  Skeena 
River  district  in  British  Columbia. 

L.  B.  Lincoln,  vice-president  of  the 
Canadian  Peat  Society,  is  examining  peat 
deposits  near  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 

Kenneth  Seaver  has  been  appointed 
chief  engineer  of  the  Harbison-Walker 
Refractories  Company  of  Pittsburg. 

Morton  Webber,  of  New  York,  has 
lately  been  in  North  Carolina,  making 
mine  exaininations  in  behalf  of  New  York 
interests. 

William  Frecheville,  of  London,  Eng- 
land, was  in  Toronto  recently  on  his  re- 
turn from  an  inspection  of  the  Porcu- 
pine  gold    area. 

Sydney  Davies,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
England,  is  in  Canada.  He  recently  in- 
spected the  iron-ore  deposits  of  the 
Gatineau,   in   the   Ottawa   district. 

H.  F.  Lefevre  recently  returned  to 
New  York  from  Guatemala.  He  left 
again,  Nov.  3,  for  Costa  Rica  and  Nica- 
ragua, to  be  gone  about  two  inonths. 

R.  McL.  Johnson,  of  the  Quincy  mine, 
has  been  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
Adventure  Consolidated  Copper  Com- 
pany, with  office  at  Greenland,  Michigan. 

C.  E.  Webber  has  resigned  his  position 
JS  general  manager  of  the  Rand  Mines, 
Ltd.,  in   the   Transvaal,   and   will   return 

0  California  after  17  years'  work  in 
south  Africa. 

Elias  Rogers,  of  Toronto,  Ont.,  presi- 
'int  and  general  manager  of  the  Crow's 
^est  Pass  Coal  Company,  is  visiting  the 
ompany's  collieries  in  Southeast  Koote- 
'ay,  British  Columbia. 

Peter  Donaldson,  of  Glasgow,  Scot- 
and,  presidetit  and  managing  director  of 
he  Dayton  Coal  and  Iron  Company, 
-td.,  Dayton,  Tenn.,  is  making  his  annual 

^it  to  the  United  States. 

Kobert  H.  Morris,  formerly  of  Las  Es- 

ranzas,  Coahuila.  Mexico,  recently  visi- 

-d  the  coal  property  in  Similkameen  dis- 

rict,  B.  C,  owned  by  the  Princeton  Coal 

Company,  of  Spokane.  Washington. 

'  Charles  H.  MacMahon  has  resigned  as 
onsulting  engineer  of  the  American 
smelting    and    Refining    Company's    ex- 

|>loration  department,  at  Aguascalientes, 
•lexico,  and  has  removed  to   Denver. 

1  N.  A.  Carle,  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  is  in  the 
I'kagit  river  district,  near  the  Interna- 
jional  Boundary  line  between  Washington 
|nd  British  Columbia,   investigating   new 


finds  of  gold  ore  for  M.  Robert  Guggen- 
heim. 

Fred  B.  Close,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
identified  with  Michigan  interests,  has 
been  in  the  Planet  district  of  Arizona 
examining  the  Mineral  Hill  property  be- 
longing to  A.  J.  Pickrell,  of  Prescott, 
Arizona. 

Joseph  A.  Michel,  for  a  number  of 
years  connected  with  the  accountant  de- 
partment of  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  company  in  Denver,  Colo.,  has 
accepted  the  position  of  joint  financial 
agent  of  the  same  company  in  its  clear- 
ing house  at  Mexico  City. 

J.  K.  Griffith,  who  for  nearly  22  years 
has'  been  superintendent  of  the  steel 
plant  at  Latrobe,  Penn.,  built  by  the 
Latrobe  Steel  Company  and  since  1905 
owned  by  the  Railway  Steel  Spring  Com- 
pany, resigned,  Oct.  31,  continuing  a  re- 
lationship in  an  advisory  capacity. 

Warren  B.  Lippincott  and  James  M. 
McClave  announce  that  they  have  formed 
a  partnership  under  the  name  of  Lippin- 
cott &  McClave,  with  offices  at  the  Ideal 
building,  Denver,  Colo.,  as  chemical  and 
metallurgical  engineers,  giving  especial 
attention  to  the  treatment  of  complex 
ores. 

A  banquet  was  given  in  honor  of  Wil- 
liam C.  Franz,  manager  of  the  Lake  Su- 
perior Corporation,  by  the  citizens  of 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  and  Steelton,  Ont.,  on 
Oct.  21.  The  leading  speakers  were  Hon. 
W.  L.  Mackenzie  King,  Canadian  Minister 
of  Labor,  and  Hon.  W.  J.  Hanna,  pro- 
vincial secretary  of  Ontario. 

C.  Vey  Holman  has  been  appointed 
State  geologist  of  Maine.  Mr.  Holman 
is  a  counselor-at-lav.'  at  Bangor,  Maine, 
and  is  lecturer  on  mining  law  in  the  Bos- 
ton University  Law  School.  He  has  been 
also  for  many  years  a  practical  miner, 
and  at  the  present  time  is  operating  gold 
mines  in  Nova  Scotia  and  is  developing 
a  deposit  of  molybdenite  in  Hancock 
county,  Maine. 


^  SOCIETIES^^TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


+     OB  [TUARV     + 


Major  Liddell,  assayer  in  the  United 
State  mint,  at  Boise,  Idaho,  died  in  that 
city  on  Nov.  7,  aged  42  years.  He  had 
been  a  resident  there  for  19  years,  first 
in  the  service  of  the  local  hydroelectric 
company,  later  in  the  employ  of  the 
mint.  He  was  a  former  student  of  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 

Robert  Bunney  died  at  Denver,  Colo., 
Nov.  I,  aged  69  years.  He  first  went 
to  Colorado  about  1869,  and  engaged  in 
mining  in  Gilpin  county.  He  was  con- 
nected with  a  number  of  the  older  com- 
panies in  that  district  and  had  been  man- 
ager of  several  mines.  After  20  years 
in  Gilpin  he  removed  to  Jefferson  county. 
Five  years  ago  he  retired  from  active 
work  and  settled  in  Denver. 


Kingston  School  of  Mining — It  has 
been  decided  to  appeal  to  friends  to 
raise  S20,000  to  supplement  the  gift  of 
.S40,000  by  Prof.  Nicol  for  the  erection 
of  the  Nicol  building  for  a  metallurgical 
laboratory,  as  560,000  will  be  required 
for  the  purpose.  The  building  will  be  a 
needed  addition  to  the  facilities  of  the 
school   at  Kingston,  Ont. 

American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute — 
The  officers  for  the  ensuing  year  are: 
President,  Elbert  H.  Gary;  vice-presi- 
dents, Powell  Stackhouse,  Willis  L.  King 
and  Charles  M.  Schwab;  treasurer,  Ed- 
ward Bailey;  secretary,  W.  J.  Filbert; 
assistant  secretary,  H.  H.  Cook.  The 
board  of  directors  includes  William  E. 
Corey,  E.  C.  Fclton,  Elbert  H.  Gary, 
Charles  M.  Schwab,  Powell  Stackhouse, 
T.  J.  Drummond,  W.  J.  Filbert,  J.  C. 
Maben,  W.  A.  Rogers,  E.  A.  Clarke, 
Willis  L.  King,  Samuel  Mather  and  John 
A.   Topping. 

Association  of  Iron  and  Steel  Elec- 
trical Engineers — The  annual  conven- 
tion was  held  at  Pittsburg,  Oct.  17-20. 
Much  of  the  time  of  the  convention  was 
devoted  to  the  discussion  of  safety  de- 
vices and  methods  of  prevention  of  acci- 
dents. Several  interesting  reports  were 
read,  and  Dr.  W.  H.  Tolman,  director 
of  the  Museum  of  Safety,  New  York,  de- 
livered a  lecture  on  "Safety."  The  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected:  President, 
L.  R.  Palmer,  Pittsburg;  first  vice-presi- 
dent, B.  R.  Shover,  Youngstown,  Ohio; 
second  vice-president,  C.  W.  Parkhurst, 
Johnstown,  Penn.;  secretary,  James  Par- 
tington, Steubenville,  O.;  treasurer, 
E.   W.   Yearnsley,   Philadelphia. 

Western  Pennsylvania  Coal  Miners'  In- 
stitutes— The  Bituminous  Committee  of 
the  Mining  Department  of  the  State 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  met 
in  Greensburg.  Penn.,  and  arranged  for 
an  extension  of  the  institute  work  in  the 
way  of  night  schools  intended  chiefly  for 
foreign-born  miners.  Secretary  Dilts  re- 
ported that  since  the  last  meeting  of  the 
committee  on  April  28,  institutes  have 
been  conducted  at  New  Salem,  Republic, 
McClellandtown,  Monongahela  and  Du- 
Bois.  Permanent  institutes  are  now  at 
Monongahela,  Brownsville,  Republic, 
New  Salem,  Scottdale  and  Punxsutawney. 
Plans  are  being  laid  to  open  mining  in- 
stitutes in  October,  or  as  soon  as  possible 
at  Irwin,  Keystone.  Jamison,  Somerset, 
DuBois,  Johnstown,  McClellandtown, 
Marianna  and  Johnetta.  Others  are  also 
being  planned.  First  aid  to  the  injured 
squads  and  classes  for  the  teaching  of 
English  to  non-English-speaking  miners 
have  been  organized.  The  Mining  School 
of  the  University  of  Pittsburg  and  the 
United  States  testing  station,  at  Pittsburg, 
have  offered  to  aid  in  the  work  of  con- 
ducting these  institutes. 


978 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      Martv     Important 

-^     Mining     Centers    of^     the  'World       -^ 


San  Francisco 

Nov.  3 — The  mineral  deposits  in  the 
Minarets  region  of  Madera  county  near 
the  boundaries  of  Fresno  and  Mono  coun- 
ties, have  again  attracted  attention  this 
summer.  Companies  and  men  from 
Mono  and  Inyo  counties  as  well  as  from 
Madera,  have  gone  into  these  high  moun- 
tain ranges  and  made  numerous  locations. 
The  principal  mineral  deposits  are  due 
west  of  Mam.moth,  Mono  county,  but  in 
Madera  county.  A  railroad  is  planned 
through  from  Mono  county.  While  con- 
siderable development  has  been  carried  on 
this  summer  on  several  claims  there  has 
been  no  production.  The  deposits  of 
iron  ore  in  that  section  are  the  most  ex- 
tensive in  California,  but  though  several 
attempts  have  been  made  to  exploit  them 
on  a  large  scale,  little  has  thus  far  been 
accomplished.  The  same  interests  work- 
ing iron  ore  by  electric  furnace  at  the  Pit 
river  mines,  Shasta  county,  have  made 
locations  at  the  Minarets  and  have  done 
considerable  development  this  year.  The 
altitude  of  the  claims  is  in  some  cases 
11,000  ft.  and  over.  Even  the  approaches 
to  the  district  are  closed  for  half  the  year 
and  the  deposits  are  large  so  that  there 
has  been  little  encouragement  for  pros- 
pecting. Not  only  is  iron  found  in  the 
section  referred  to  but  veins  carrying 
gold  and  silver  have  also  been  found. 
Much  work  is  projected  for  next  season. 

It  is  cheaper  now  to  ship  bullion  from 
mines  in  the  interior  to  the  Mint  or  Sel- 
by's  in  San  Francisco  by  registered  mail 
than  by  express.  For  this  reason  the  mail 
service  is  uspd  for  this  purpose  much 
more  than  formerly.  Moreover  much  less 
bullion  than  formerly  is  carried  out  by 
individuals  although  the  Chinese  miners 
prefer  to  carry  their  own  bullion  when 
they  can.  Most  of  these  men  send  or 
bring  the  bullion  to  large  merchants  in 
Chinatown,  who  in  turn  deliver  it  to  the 
Mint  or  refinery.  The  Chinese  are  still 
secretive  as  to  their  mining  operations  as 
they  fear  taxation. 

While  there  is  still  a  considerable  over- 
production of  oil  in  California,  develop- 
ment work  is  going  on  in  all  the  new 
fields.  But  in  clearly  defined  districts, 
producers  are  curtailing  development.  In 
the  Santa  Maria  field,  Santa  Barbara 
county,  the  Union  company  has  shut 
down  all  its  wells,  and  there  is  a  resultant 
falling  off  of  production  in  that  field.  In 
September  the  Southern  oilfields  yielded 
840,800  bbl.;  the  Coast  fields,  780,300; 
and  the  San  Joaquin  Valley  fields  4,980,- 
860  bbl.;  a  total  from  all  fields  for  the 
month  of  6,601,960  bbl.     It  is  not  so  many 


years  back  that  this  amount  would  repre- 
sent the  total  yield  of  the  State  for  a 
year. 

Denver 

Nov.  7 — The  Tam  O'Shanter  and  Monte- 
zuma groups,  near  Aspen,  are  striking 
and  most  interesting  instances  of  early- 
day  properties  which  lapsed  into  oblivion 
for  a  time,  and  are  now,  owing  to  changed 
conditions,  again  to  the  fore  as  big  pro- 
ducers. In  1881,  two  Maine  farmers, 
Chaney  and  Atkinson,  who  were  prospect- 
ing in  this  State,  in  their  wanderings 
over  the  high  peaks  happened  to  run 
across  a  great  vein  of  silver-lead  ore, 
which,  as  the  country  rock  on  either  side 
had  been  eroded,  stood  up  on  the  sur- 
face like  a  wall — in  places  10  and  12  ft. 
high — of  solid  ore.  It  was  purchased 
from  these  men  by  Jacob  Sanders  and 
Howard  C.  Chapin  for  $100,000  before 
the  locators  had  even  sunk  a  10-ft.  hole. 
The  late  Sen.  H.  A.  W.  Tabor  then  pur- 
chased a  half  interest  in  it  for  SIOO.OOO, 
and  vigorous  work  was  commenced,  heavy 
shipments  being  made  to  Leadville.  the 
ore  averaging  .S150  per  ton. 

At  a  depth  of  75  ft.,  however,  zinc 
came  in  along  with  the  lead,  and  under  a 
careless  superintendent,  who  history  says 
gave  most  of  his  attention  to  playing 
poker,  and  neglected  to  have  his  ore 
properly  analyzed  before  shipment,  2000 
tons  were  sent  to  a  smeltery  at  Pueblo, 
and  owing  to  the  heavy  zinc  contents  and 
the  penalties  assessed  for  an  excess  of 
over  3  per  cent,  zinc,  the  ore  was  dumped 
into  the  Arkansas  river.  Owing  to  this 
fact,  and  there  being  no  transportation 
facilities  other  than  pack  animals,  the 
ore  would  not  pay  to  extract,  and  the 
mine  was  closed. 

Four  years  ago,  however,  Mr.  Chapin, 
one  of  the  original  owners,  being  aware 
of  the  change  in  conditions,  got  together 
a  few  capitalist  friends,  developed  the 
/eins  at  a  depth  of  600  ft.  by  a  long  cross- 
cut tunnel,  and  now  has  some  6000  ft.  of 
workings,  over  40,000  tons  of  ore  blocked 
out,  with  a  100-ton  mill  down  in  the  timber, 
and  a  I's-mile  overhead  tramway,  which 
will  deliver  the  ore  to  the  mill  at  an  esti- 
mated cost  of  10c.  per  ton.  Enough  ore 
has  been  treated  at  the  mill  of  50  tons 
daily  capacity,  hauling  the  ore  from  the 
mine  in  wagons,  to  prove  its  value,  and 
that  it  can  be  treated  at  a  handsome 
profit.  This  summer  has  been  devoted  to 
developing  ore  reserves,  and  adding  50 
tons  per  day  capacity  to  the  mill,  and 
building  the  tramway,  all  of  which  will 
he  completed  and  in  operation  by  Dec.   1. 


The  elevation  of  the  mines  is  12,000 
ft.;  the  mill,  10,500  ft.  There  are  18 
lode  claims,  and  five  mill  sites.  The  aver- 
age width  of  the  ore  in  all  the  work- 
ings is  from  2  to  3  ft.  of  ore  which  is 
shipped  direct  to  the  smelteries,  and  the 
concentrating  ore  from  4  to  8  ft.  There 
are  five  distinct  veins  opened  in  the  work- 
ings. The  average  of  the  crude  concen- 
trating ore  is  26  oz.  silver,  19  per  cent, 
lead,  and  6  per  cent,  zinc,  and  this  can 
be  concentrated  three  into  one. 

A  tunnel  of  a  mile  in  length,  with  its 
portal  at  the  mill,  would  intersect  these 
great  veins  about  1500  ft.  below  the  low- 
est present  workings.  The  mines  are  fully 
equipped  with  all  necessary  buildings, 
offices,  sawmill,  water-power  plants, 
electric-light  plant,  etc.  The  property  Is 
16  miles  from  Aspen,  the  nearest  rail- 
way point. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  life  of 
the  mine  is  20  years'  working  by  tunnel 
methods  alone,  and  that  under  capable  and 
economical  management  it  will  pay  the 
owners  $125,000  per  annum  profit.  Over 
.'^200,000  has  been  expended  in  putting 
the  mine  into  its  present  shape. 

One  of  the  forks  of  Canon  creek, 
which  empties  into  the  Uncompahgre 
river  at  Ouray,  is  Imogene  creek, 
which  heads  at  the  top  of  Imogene  basin; 
in  fact,  at  the  dumps  of  the  Camp  Bird 
mine,  which  outcrops  along  the  face  of  an 
almost  vertical  cliff.  On  the  top  of  this 
cliff  is  a  plateau  about  half  a  mile  across, 
while  to  the  south  is  a  drop  into  another 
basin,  where  heads  the  Savage  fork  of 
the  San  Miguel  river.  Here  is  located  the 
Tom  Boy  mine.  This  gives  the  location 
of  the  two  biggest  gold  mines  in  Colorado, 
both  owned  in  London. 

The  Camp  Bird  during  eight  years 
from  1902  to  1910  has  crushed  556,518 
tons  of  ore  for  a  gross  yield  of  £3,385,- 
378,  with  a  profit  of  £2,211.340,  the  divi- 
dends paid  amounting  to  155  per  cent. 
The  story  of  the  mine  reads  like  a  fairy 
tale.  Of  course,  every  mine  has  its  life,  ■ 
and  the  ore  reserves  of  that  great  mine  . 
are  diminishing.  The  workings  are  down 
to  the  1800-ft.  level.  But  in  May  last  the 
ore  reserves  were  83,900  tons,  estimated 
to  yield  a  net  profit  of  £284.220.  The 
strange  part  of  it  is  that  foreseeing  the 
end.  the  company  bought  the  Santa 
Gertrudis  mine,  in  Mexico,  which  is  also 
down  to  the  1 8th  level,  and  therefore 
presumably  has  not  a  very  long  life 
ahead,  though  the  several  eminent  engi- 
neers who  examined  it  stated  that  the  net 
profit  on  ore  blocked  out  was  far  more 
tl'an  the  price  asked. 


November  12,  IPIO. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


979 


As  stated  in  the  early  history  of  this 
mine,  published  in  the  Journal  of  June 
18,  1909,  the  outcrop  of  this  vein  showed 
nothing  but  low-grade  galena,  carrying 
S12  to  S20  in  gold,  which  in  those  days 
was  worthless. 

Strangely  enough,  the  Tom  Boy  outcrop 
also  showed  nothing  but  coarse  cube 
galena  in  a  small  streak,  and  for  many 
years  subsequent  to  1876,  it  was  aban- 
doned in  the  fall,  and  relocated  or  jumped 
in  the  spring. 

The  reserves  of  this  mine  are  esti- 
mated at  400,000  tons.  The  profits  last 
month  were  $25,000.  The  profits  for  the 
year  were  £64,489.  Most  of  the  ore  is 
coming  from  the  1750-,  1900-  and  2100- 
ft.  levels,  on  the  Cincinnati  claim  of  the 
Argentine  group  of  that  company,  a 
parallel  vein  to  the  original  Tom  Boy 
vein,  which  is  not  now  being  worked  at 
all.  The  Tom  Boy  is  generally  supposed 
to  be  a  subsidiary  company  of  the  Ex- 
ploration Company  of  London,  in  which 
the  Rothschilds  are  said  to  be  the  largest 
shareholders. 


Butte 


Nov.  6 — Stockholders  of  the  Butte  & 
Superior  Copper  Company  have  recently 
received  a  circular  letter  issued  by  Amasa 
P.  Peake,  L.  C.  Barnett  and  C.  O.  Bald- 
win who  constitute  a  committee  appointed 
by  the  directors  to  supervise  on  behalf  of 
the  stockholders  the  expenditure  of  the 
money  from  the  new  bond  issue.  This 
letter  gives  a  more  detailed  explanation 
of  the  company's  financial  condition  than 
II  anything  heretofore  made  public.  There 
will  be  due  on  or  before  Jan.  1,  1911, 
S264,835  and  after  January  1,  1911, 
5384,272,  making  in  all  $649,108.  Under 
the  company's  contract  with  the  American 
Metal  Company  payment  to  the  metal 
company  is  to  be  made  at  the  rate  of  SI 
per  ton  on  all  ore  mined  so  this  amount 
is  not  all  due  yet.  For  some  months 
operations  were  carried  on  at  a  loss  but 
in  June  of  this  year  Foust  jigs  were  in- 
stalled at  the  Basin  concentrator  and 
since  that  time  steady  profits  have  been 
realized  on  all  ore  mined,  the  profits 
for  August  being  SI 9,021.  The  report 
states  that  after  the  subscriptions  for  the 
bonds  have  been  completed,  steps  will  be 
taken  to  list  the  stock  on  the  large  ex- 
changes of  the  world.  This  report  is  ex- 
actly what  has  been  needed  by  the  stock- 
holders for  some  time  past  and  should 
tend  to  create  confidence  in  the  enter- 
prise. There  is  no  question  but  that  the 
company  has  been  financially  embar- 
rassed, the  mine  payday  having  recently 
been  postponed  to  the  20th  of  each 
month,  and  in  fact  this  recent  statement 
frankly  admits  that  such  has  been  the 
case,  but  now  that  the  true  state  of  affairs 
has  once  been  understood  by  the  stock- 
holders it  is  expected  that  they  will 
rally  to  the  company's  support  by  a  sub- 
scription to  the  new  bond  issue. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Nov.  5 — While  trading  on  the  Salt 
L.ake  Stock  and  Mining  Exchange  has 
been  light  for  some  time,  there  has  re- 
cently been  an  increase  in  the  volume  of 
business.  The  exchange,  when  listing  a 
stock  reserves  the  privilege  of  removing 
the  same  from  the  board  on  10-days'  no- 
tice. This  right  of  removal  can  be  ex- 
ercised in  case  of  fraud  being  shown,  or 
when  development  on  the  property  has 
been  stopped.  Any  stock  removed  can  be 
reinstated,  when  it  is  shown  that  work 
has  been  resumed.  There  has  been  a  dis- 
position on  the  part  of  members  of  the 
exchange  to  relieve  the  board  of  some  of 
the  stocks,  which  for  some  months  past 
have  been  inactive. 

It  is  reported  that  work  is  to  be  started 
soon  by  the  Grasselli  Chemical  Company 
on  a  new  zinc  plant,  which  is  to  be  built 
on  the  flat  north  of  Park  City  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Bates'  ranch.  The  mill 
is  to  treat  the  tailings  that  have  accumu- 
lated from  the  overflow  of  Poison  creek, 
between  Bates'  ranch  and  Homer's  ranch. 
The  mill  is  to  be  an  auxiliary  to  the 
plant  now  operating,  and  will  make  a  pro- 
duct to  be  worked  over  by  the  present 
plant.  It  will  have  a  capacity  of  125  tons 
per  day.  The  accumulation  of  tailings  is 
approximately  3500  ft.  long,  500  to  1000 
ft.  wide,  and  has  an  average  depth  of  two 
feet. 


Indianapolis 

Nov.  3 — The  executive  board  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  con- 
cluded a  nine-day  session  today.  In  ad- 
dition to  attending  to  much  routine  busi- 
rtss  the  board  made  arrangements  to 
continue  financing  and  supporting  strikes 
in  Ohio,  Colorado,  the  Irwin  district  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Spring  Hill,  Nova  Sco- 
tia. These  strikes  will  continue  until  the 
mine  owners  are  ready  to  make  contracts 
with  the  United  Mine  Workers  on  the 
basis  of  the  demands  of  the  special  Cin- 
cinnati convention.  Recognition  of  the 
union  is  what  the  miners  are  fighting  for 
in  Nova  Scotia.  Twenty-six  members  of 
the  board  attended  the  meeting  and  there 
was  little  or  no  friction. 

The  State  division  of  the  Mine  Workers' 
Union  is  preparing  to  test  the  constitu- 
tionality of  the  Indiana  law  regulating 
the  shooting  of  coal  in  mines.  Three  ar- 
rests have  been  made  of  miners  in  the 
Miami  coal  mine  for  violation  of  the  law. 
The  law  will  be  attacked  on  the  ground 
that  it  is  class  legislation,  as  block  coal 
miners  are  exempt  from  its  provisions. 

Birmingham 
Nov.  7 — The  legislative  committee  of 
the  Alabama  Mine  Operators'  Association 
has  drafted  new  mining  laws  which  will 
be  submitted  to  the  legislature  when  it 
meets  in  January.  This  draft  shows  a 
complete  change  from  the  present  laws. 
It  is  set   forth  that  the  changes  desired 


will  make  mining  more  expensive  in  this 
State,  but  the  operators  say  that  life  and 
property  will  be  safer.  Mining  rules  ara 
suggested  that  will  require  care  on  all 
sides.  Six  inspectors  will  be  asked  for 
instead  of  three  and  each  of  these  will 
be  men  of  experience.  Thorough  inspec- 
tions of  mines  will  be  required.  Ventila- 
tion and  sanitation  are  properly  covered. 
Shot  firing  in  mines,  the  kinds  of  powder 
permitted  in  the  mines  and  other  subjects 
connected  with  the  business  are  covered 
in  the  new  bill. 

An  explosion  of  a  pocket  of  gas  in  the 
sixth  right  heading  of  mine  No.  1,  of  the 
Yolande  Coal  and  Coke  Company's 
mines,  in  Tuskaloosa  county,  during  the 
night  of  Nov.  3,  killed  five  men  almost 
instantly.  Two  of  the  men  were  driving 
a  heading  and  the  other  three  were  work- 
ing near  by.  The  accident  happened  dur- 
ing the  night  and  less  than  a  dozen 
men  in  all  were  in  the  mines  or  more 
fatalities  might  have  been  recorded. 
Chief  State  Mine  Inspector,  James  Hill- 
house  and  his  two  assistants  rushed  to 
the  scene  immediately  and  made  a  full 
investigation  into  the  accident. 

On  Nov.  1,  the  inspectors  sent  out 
warnings  to  all  the  mine  superintendents 
in  the  State,  the  bank  bosses  and  mine 
workers,  inasmuch  as  cold  weather  had 
set  in  and  most  explosions  happened  dur- 
ing this  time.  All  of  the  men  killed  at 
Yolande  were  white.  The  total  death  list 
in  coal  mines  in  Alabama  for  the  year 
has  already  gone  above  225,  against  129 
in  all  during  the  whole  of  last  year. 


Phoenix,  Arizona 
Nov.  5 — There  has  been  hesitancy  on 
the  part  of  companies  and  individuals  as 
to  their  plans,  due  to  a  desire  to  see  how 
far  the  constitutional  convention  will  go 
in  direct  legislation  and  strictures  on  cor- 
porations. While  the  initiative  and  ref- 
erendum will  surely  be  made  effective,  it 
now  looks  as  though  the  provisions 
would  be  an  improvement  on  the  Oregon 
plan,  and  that  any  restrictions  placed 
on  new  or  foreign  corporations  will  be 
an  attempt,  at  any  rate,  to  give  the  full- 
est protection  to  the  stockholders,  and 
are  not  to  be  viewed  with  alarm  by  in- 
vestors. 


Mexico  City 

Nov.  5 — The  enormous  expansion  of 
the  cyanide  milling  capacity  of  the 
Pachuca  camp,  which  will  result  from  the 
completion  of  the  La  Blanca  and  Santa 
Gcrtrudis  plants,  the  extension  of  the 
Real  del  Monte  y  Pachuca  company's 
mills  and  from  other  new  installations 
and  improvements  in  old  plants,  will 
clearly  place  the  camp  far  in  the 
lead  in  Mexico  in  tonnage  and  metal 
product  during  the  next  year.  Guana- 
juato has  heretofore  held  the  first  place 
in  mill  capacity  and  is  also  increasing 
notably  its  plants. 


980 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


X       X 


THE  MINING  NEWS  ^  ^ 


Reports  of  Ne>v  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property- 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining 


— -»-^t>v9 


Alaska 

Another  express  shipment  of  gold  has 
been  received  at  Seattle,  the  Haiditarod 
leading  with  S307,000,  Fairbanks  S187,- 
000,  Nome  $100,000  and  $31,000  from  in- 
dividual miners'  pokes.  An  additional 
million  and   a  half  is  expected   by   mail. 

The  Alaska  Mexican,  for  the  month 
ended  Sept.  15,  produced  $68,270,  realiz- 
ing $38,867  profit;  the  average  yield  was 
S3.58.  The  Alaska  Treadwell  produced 
$181,121,  with  a  net  operating  profit  of 
683,990.     Yield  per  ton  was  S2.44. 

Matanuska  Gold — This  company  will 
install  a  five-stamp  mill  on  the  property 
on  Knik  arm  in  the  spring.  James  W. 
Hamilton,  of  Seward,  is  manager. 

Arizona 

Cochise  County 

Tombstone  Consolidated — The  com- 
pany is  taking  out  high-grade  ore  from 
the  700-ft.  level.  The  pumping  plant  of 
the  mine  is  discharging  6,500,000  gal.  of 
water  a  day,  which  enables  the  develop- 
ment to  be  carried  on  without  interrup- 
tion. 

Santa  Cruz  County 

At  the  Ivanhoe  mine,  in  the  Santa  Rita 
mountains,  five  miles  from  Patagonia, 
James  Johnston,  superintendent,  the  re- 
sults have  been  mainly  successful  and 
shipments  of  high-grade  ore  have  been 
made.  At  the  Silver  Crown,  in  Silver 
Canon,  Josiah  Bond  has  recently  made 
shipments  of  high-grade  copper-silver 
ore.  The  development  is  being  con- 
tinued. At  the  Bland  property,  small 
shipments  of  copper  ore  have  been  made. 
T.  M.  Heck,  the  owner,  has  also  pur- 
chased the  interest  of  Bob  Carew  and 
will  continue  the  work  on  a  new  shaft. 
The  Minnie  mine,  in  the  Patagonia  range, 
now  has  a  small  shipment  of  high-grade 
ore  ready.  The  World's  Fair  mine, 
owned  by  Frank  Powers,  is  shipping  sil- 
ver ores  and  is  continuing  development. 
At  the  Joplin  mine,  in  the  Santa  Rita 
mountains,  a  shaft  is  down  130  ft.  and 
has  opened  up  silver-gold  ores.  R.  R. 
Richardson,  of  Patagonia,  is  in  charge. 
Frank  Reichert  has  made  a  shipment 
from  the  Helen  Gould  mine,  near  the 
Joplin,    of   lead-silver   ores. 

Salero — This  mine  in  the  Santa  Rita 
Range,  which  has  been  shut  down  since 
the  death  of  the  owner,  C.  H.  Ferry,  of 
New  York,  followed  by  the  death,  within 
a  few  days  of  Dr.  Blake,  the  consulting 
engineer,  will  probably  not  be  opened  at 
once.  The  mine  has  shipped  about  100 
Ions  of  high-grade  silver  ore.  The  main 
shaft  was  down  at  time  of  quitting  to  400 


ft.,  and  much  work  had  been  done  on  this 
level,  showing  the  vein  20  ft.  in  width, 
but  oxidized  as  at  the  surface.  Apprais- 
ers have  been  appointed  and  the  personal 
property  at  the  mine  will  be  sold. 

Yavapai  County 
Arizona  Mines  Company — This  com- 
pany owns  the  Tom  Boy  group  of  gold- 
copper  claims  in  the  Castle  Creek  dis- 
trict and  is  developing.  David  E.  Dow, 
of  Boston,  is  president,  and  Mark  Brad- 
ley, Prescott,  Ariz.,  engineer. 

Yuma  County 
The  General  Development  Company,  of 
New  York,  has  suspended  development 
operations  at  the  property  of  the  New 
Planet  Copper  Mining  Company,  and  has 
surrendered  the  options  held  on  large 
blocks  of  the  stock  of  that  company. 
This  action  is  supposed  to  be  due  to  the 
unfavorable  condition  of  the  copper  mar- 
ket and  the  burden  of  financing  purely 
development  operations  at  this  time.  The 
General  Development  Company  is  said 
to  own  outright  one-third  of  the  stock  of 
the  New  Planet  Copper  Mining  Company, 
and  it  is  thought  that  development  will 
be  resumed  at  the  property  under  the 
General  Development  Company  guidance 
as  soon  as  market  and  financial  condi- 
tions are  more  auspicious.  The  company 
commenced  operations  at  Planet  Sept. 
1,  1909,  and  to  Sept.  30,  1910,  has  spent 
about  $120,000.  While  some  work  was 
done  in  shaft  sinking  and  crosscutting, 
churn  drilling  constituted  the  major  feat- 
ure of  the  development.  It  is  known  that 
favorable  showings  were  made  in  one 
or  two  of  the  holes.  Engineers  have 
been  in  the  field  at  Planet  for  Michigan 
interests  which  have  secured  control  of 
an  important  group  of  claims,  and  an  op- 
tion is  about  to  be  closed  on  another 
group. 


California 

Amador   County 

Fremont  Consolidated — The  shaft  at 
this  property,  Drytown,  is  1650  ft.  deep 
and  will  be  sunk  300  ft.  deeper.  The 
40-stamp  mill  is  kept  steadily  -running 
and  dividends  are  being  paid. 

Bunker  Hill — To  the  mill  at  this  mine 
at  Amador  City  an  addition  of  20  stamps 
is  being  made. 

Eldorado  County 

Stillwagon — Work  is  being  carried  on 
steadily  at  this  mine,  Omo  Ranch,  and 
the  mill  is  running  full  time  on  high- 
grade  rock. 

Liieky  Strike  -Roberts  &  Turnbaugh 
have  put  a  two-stamp  prospecting  mill  on 


this  mine  near  Kelsey  and  if  the  vein 
continues  good,  a  larger  mill  will  be  in- 
stalled. 

Inyo  County 
Arondo — It  is  expected  that  the  Harri- 
son Reeves  Company  will  buy  this  prop- 
erty in  the  Argus  range,  50  miles  from 
Johannesberg.  It  is  equipped  with  a 
roller  mill  and  cyanide  plant. 

Kern  County 
At  Randsburg,  high-grade  ore  has  been 
found  on  the  200  level  of  the  Pearl 
Wedge.  In  the  Santa  Ana,  Boison  &  Burke 
have  found  a  good  vein.  Watchman 
Brothers  and  Cagle  have  taken  a  lease 
on  the  Santa  Ana. 

There  has  been  great  rivalry  in  making 
oil-land  locations  in  the  Lost  Hills  sec- 
tion of  Kern  county  and  many  drilling 
rigs  have  been  rushed  to  lands  hitherto 
unwithdrawn  in  the  hope  of  getting  in  on 
time.  Now  the  news  comes  that  the  Gov- 
ernment has  withdrawn  from  entry  all 
land  in  townships  25-21,  26-21  and  26-20. 
So  in  all  cases  where  men  have  not  begun 
to  drill  in  those  sections  no  locations  can 
be  made,  much  to  the  disappointment  of 
large  numbers  of  oil  prospectors.  It  is 
reported  that  the  Southern  Pacific,  having 
large  interests  there,  will  build  a  branch 
railroad  into  the  new  Lost  Hills  field  from 
the  McKittrick  branch  west  of  Button 
Willow. 

Mariposa  County 

Bullion  Hill — An  ore  shoot  carrying  up 
to  $32  per  ton,  has  been  found  in  the 
American  Eagle  group  of  this  company 
near  Exchequer.     B.  D.  Binns,  manager. 

Nevada  County 

The  mining  industry  in  Grass  Valley 
district,  Nevada  county,  is  giving  em- 
ployment to  more  miners  than  for  some 
years  past.  Some  old  mines  are  being 
reopened  and  in  others  substantial  addi- 
tions have  been  made  to  the  force  of 
men.  Grass  Valley  is  the  leading  quartz 
mining  section  of  California,  its  gold  pro- 
duct from  ores  being  greater  than  in  any 
other  section. 

Oak  Flat — A  rich  strike  has  been  made 
in  this  gravel  mine  near  North  Columbia, 
which  will  mean  much  to  this  old  camp. 

Orient  —After  some  years  of  prospect- 
ing, good  gravel  has  been  struck  in  this 
mine  above  Nigger  Tent.  The  mine  is 
owned  by   residents  of  North  San  Juan. 

North  Star — A  hoisting  equipment  has 
been  provided  for  the  Central  shaft  of 
this  mine  at  Grass  Valley. 

F/on'da--Frank  Rodrigues  has  made  a 
good  strike  in  this  mine,  about  a  mile  be- 
low   Edward's   crossing. 


November  12,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


981 


Placer  County 
Evening  Star — This  mine,  four  miles 
from  Auburn,  after  being  idle  some  time, 
is  about  to  be  reopened  by  W.  H.  Gal- 
lagher and  Wheeler  Riley,  of  Grass  Val- 
ley, and  hoisting  works,  pumping  plant. 
etc.,  have  been  installed.  The  mine  has 
been  productive  in  the  past  and  has  the 
same  character  of  ore  found  in  the  Grass 
Valley  and  Nevada  City  mines.  The 
shaft  is  to  be  sunk  much  deeper. 

Plumas  County 

Gold  Mountain — This  company,  at  Wil- 
low Creek,  near  Buck,  G.  W.  Fagg,  super- 
intendent, is  about  to  build  a  concrete- 
restraining  dam  to  hold  back  its  debris, 
and  the  site  has  been  officially  inspected 
by  engineers  of  the  California  Debris 
Commission.  Hydraulic  mining  is  to  be 
carried  on. 

Sierra  County  , 

Gold  Canon — This  mine  on  the  Mid- 
dle Yuba  river,  near  Alleghany,  has  been 
bonded  to  E.  M.  Parrish,  and  men  have 
been  put  to  work  prospecting. 

Independence — At  this  mine  on  Wolf 
creek  near  Alleghany,  new  machinery 
has  been  ordered,  and  the  mine  will  be 
kept  going  all  winter.  F.  A.  Pearson  is  in 
charge   for  the  parties  holding  the  bond. 

Alaska — On  the  vein  recently  encount- 
ered in  this  mine  at  Pike  City,  drifting 
and  raising  will  be  carried  on  until  it  is 
thoroughly  opened  up. 

Tightncr — This  Alleghany  mine  con- 
tinues to  yield  phenomenally  rich  ore. 
Recently  one  boulder  gave  returns  of  40 
lb.  of  gold. 

Sierra  Buttes — Machinery  is  being  in- 
stalled at  this  old  mine  near  Sierra  City, 
the  recent  strike  in  the  bonanza  lode 
being  the  cause  of  the  revival.  J.  C. 
Folsom   is  superintendent. 

Clark's  Canon — Deal  &  Dalrymple 
have  struck  pay  gravel  in  the  channel  on 
their  claim. 

Brown  Bear — Supplies,  air  pipe,  rails, 
cars,  etc.,  have  been  delivered  prepara- 
tory to  running  a  1000-ft.  tunnel  to  tap 
the  channel. 

Oriflamme — This  Alleghany  mine,  on 
same  lode  as  the  Tightner,  has  developed 
a  new  and  rich  ore  shoot  which  yields 
free  gold,  with  2,=;0  ft.  of  backs.  C.  C. 
Ward  is  manager. 

Sailor  Ravine — The  Standard  mine  is 
shipping  18,000  lb.  of  sulphide  ore  to  the 
smeltery,  after  having  worked  them  twice 
for  gree  gold,  still  leaving  an  assay  value 
of  SI  per  pound. 

Mexican  Mine — C.  York,  the  owner, 
is  milling  some  of  the  free-gold  ore  at 
his  custom  mill,  Downievllle. 

Sonoma  County 
Rohlar — This  copper  property,  owned 
by  the  Ronsheimer  Brothers,  nine  miles 
from  Petahima,  is  being  actively  de- 
veloped. Some  gold  and  silver  are  found 
in  the  ore. 


Yuba  County 
Starkey — This  mine,  in  Brownsville  dis- 
trict, has  been  sold  to  Charles  A.  Edner, 
A.  G.  Kuhlberg  and  San  Francisco  men, 
who  are  now  developing  the  property. 


Colorado 

Boulder  County 
The  Inter-ocean,  White  Crow,  Osceola 
and  Monongahela  claims  at  Sunshine  are 
to  be  consolidated  and  worked  through 
the  Inter-ocean  shaft.  Manager  Richard- 
son will  increase  the  force  at  once,  and 
put  the  properties  in  shape  for  big  pro- 
duction. 

Up-to-Date~A  strike  of  5  ft.  of  silver 
ore  is  reported  in  this  mine,  in  the  Cari- 
bou district. 

Cashier — This  mine,  under  Manager 
Wood,  is  being  equipped  to  work  all  win- 
ter and  power  to  the  hoist  and  mill  will 
be  supplied  from  the  Central  Colorado 
Power  Company. 

Clear  Creek  and  Gilpin  Counties 

Smuggler — It  is  reported  that  Parach- 
ime  and  associates,  who  have  a  lease  on 
this  mine,  are  making  regular  shipments 
fiom  a  10-in.  streak  of  ore  that  runs  500 
oz.  silver  per  ton,  and  50  per  cent.  lead. 
This  streak  has  been  developed  for  175 
feet. 

New  York  Tunnel — A  group  of  veins 
lying  between  the  Smuggler  mine  and  the 
Gold  Belt  Tunnel  will  be  developed  by  the 
New  York  tunnel,  on  which  work  has  just 
been  resumed.  A  shipment  was  made 
from  one  of  the  veins  lately  which  gave 
returns  of  262  oz.  silver  per  ton  and  43 
per  cent.  lead. 

Double  Header  Tunnel — Work  has  been 
resumed  on  this  tunnel,  on  McClelland 
mountain.  Seventy-six  claims  and  the 
tunnel-site  are  included  in  this  property. 

Capital  Prize — It  is  just  reported  from 
Georgetown  that  a  streak  of  gold  ore  2  in. 
wide,  running  S400  to  the  ton,  and  ore  on 
each  side  of  it  that  runs  from  SIOO  to 
SKSO  per  ton,  has  been  discovered  1500  ft. 
below  the  surface  in  the  Athena  lode  of 
the  above  mine. 

Gunnell — This  celebrated  mine  has 
come  to  life  again,  this  time  through  the 
agency  of  the  Newhouse  tunnel,  and  the 
Polar  Star  mill  is  running  full  capacity 
on  ore  from  the  mine. 

Laramie  County 

Six  miles  northwest  of  Fort  Collins,  the 
La  Porte  Oil  and  Gas  Company,  is  re- 
ported to  have  struck  gas  and  oil  sand  at 
400  feet. 

Lake  County — Leadville 

Lntil  further  corroboration  by  actual 
returns,  the  recently  reported  discoveries 
of  enormous  bodies  of  zinc  ore  in  Lead- 
ville may  be  taken  "cum  grano  salis," 
as  it  appears  that  in  many  instances,  it 
exists  in  "nests."  as  it  were,  in  the 
oxidized  iron  ores,  both  exactly  alike  in 
appearance,   the    difference    being   ascer- 


tained by  assay  alone.  It  is  therefore 
quite  possible  that  some  of  the  gentlemen 
who  reported  the  size  and  average  yield 
of  the  zinc  orebodies  may  have  uninten- 
tionally  exaggerated. 

Dunkin — A  cave  on  this  mine,  on  Fryer 
hill,  has  exposed  a  large  body  of  "lead 
sand,"  carrying  high  silver.  It  is  the 
same  character  of  ore  that  made  Fryer 
hill  famous  in  the  early  days. 

Ourav  County 

The  Colorado  Bureau  of  Mines,  in  its 
report  on  Ouray  county,  shows  that  the 
production  of  gold  in  1909  w^as  S3,011,- 
338,  exceeded  all  that  county's  past  per- 
formances; in  the  last  13  years,  the 
county's  production  has  aggregated  S23,- 
(i75.438.  The  production  of  gold,  silver, 
lead,  copper  and  zinc  in  1909  was  S3,- 
401.801,  and  the  total  for  the  13-year 
period  was  S26,5 16,248. 

San  Pedro — This  gold  company,  own- 
ing 50  claims  and  one-mile  tunnel  is 
planning  a  bond  issue  of  $150,000  for 
funds  for  development.  E.  F.  Terry  and 
Frederick  Tench,  of  New  York,  are  on 
the  directorate. 

San  Juan  District 

T.  Craise  and  J.  A.  Johnson,  leasing 
on  the  Queen  City,  in  Ohio  gulch,  San 
Juan  county,  have  received  S4443  net 
from  their  first  car  of  silver  ore. 

Gold  bullion  worth  $1700  was  brought 
down  from  the  mill  of  .he  Junta  company, 
San  Miguel  county,  being  the  result  of  an 
8-day  run  of  its  mill. 

Gri::ley  Bear — This  mine,  on  Bear 
creek,  and  the  Micky  Breen  mine,  in 
Poughkeepsie  gulch,  have  been  acquired 
by  the  Anderson-Halter  Mines  Company, 
of  Denver,  capitalized  at  $250,000.  Both 
mines  will  be  actively  worked  this  winter. 
Lars  Pilker  is  superintendent  of  the 
Grizzley  Bear,  and  O.  Haagsma,  of  the 
Micky  Breen.  J.  H.  Anderson,  of  Chi- 
cago, is  named  as  the  chief  individual 
purchaser. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
Isabella — Dewar  &  Nicholson,  lessees 
on  the  Orphan  claim  on  Bull  hill,  have 
opened  a  vein  of  shipping  ore  in  an 
abandoned  shaft.  Fifteen  cars,  average 
$35  per  ton  have  been  shipped  from  the 
Empire  State  shaft  since  September. 

Blue  Flag — This  company  has  leased 
two  claims  on  Raven  hill,  and  will  sink 
the  shaft  from  300  to  500  ft.  and  do  drift- 
ing.   C.  McGrew  is  superintendent. 

El  Paso  Consolidated — The  Little  May, 
on  Beacon  hill,  belonging  to  this  com- 
pany, closed  for  some  weeks,  and  will  be 
re-opened  by  D.  J.  Burke,  lessee. 

Idaho 

Oregon — This  gold  mine,  between  the 
Ten-Mile  and  Oro  Grande  camps,  Idaho 
county,  is  reported  sold  for  $150,000  to 
J.  Leslie  Baylor,  of  Spokane.  Operations 
will  not  be  started  until  June,  1911. 


982 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


Indiana 

Clay  County 

Bee  Ridge  Coal  Mining  Company — 
This  company,  of  which  Spears  Brothers, 
of  Brazil,  are  the  owners,  is  installing 
steam-hoisting  equipment  and  other  im- 
provements and  will  begin  laying  a 
switch  from  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illi- 
nois to  the  mine  for  the  purpose  of 
shipping  to  the  Chicago  and  other  mar- 
kets. 

Daviss  County 

J :nnings  Oil  and  Gas  Company — This 
company  has  made  a  paying  strike  in  oil 
in  the  southeastern  part  of  this  county  at 
1025  ft.  The  drill  has  penetrated  the 
producing  sand  25  ft.  Other  wells  in  the 
same  field  sunk  to  the  same  depth  are 
fine  producers. 

Green  County 
The  tipple  at  the  Black  Creek  mine, 
belonging  to  the  United  Fourth  Vein  Coal 
Company,  of  Linton,  was  burned  Oct.  30. 
The  fire  originated  from  a  spark  from  an 
engine.  The  burning  timbers  fell  into 
the  pit,  burned  out  the  woodwork  and 
ignited  the  coal  at  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft.  Mules  were  lowered  into  the  mine 
through  the  Dickason  shaft  a  mile  away 
and  were  used  in  pulling  away  the  burn- 
ing timbers  and  hauling  water  to  put  out 
the  fire  below.  The  mine  employs  200 
men.     The  tipple  will  be  rebuilt  at  once. 

Vigo  County 
The  supply  of  cars  for  local  mines  has 
been  better  thus  far  this  week,  but  the 
demand  for  coal  increased  in  greater 
ratio.  The  Lake  shipments  have  stopped 
for  the  season. 


Kentucky 

Eastern  Kentucky  Coal  Lands  Corpor- 
ation— Arguments  were  concluded  this 
week  before  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  at  Washington  in  the  suit  involving 
title  to  a  large  amount  of  land,  reported 
as  about  500,000  acres,  originally  includ- 
ed in  the  so  called  blanket  grants  under 
which  ownership  is  claimed  by  this  com- 
pany. The  Northern  Coal  and  Coke 
Company  on  the  other  hand,  claims  title 
to  the  lands  as  against  the  Eastern  Coal 
Lands  Corporation,  by  virtue  of  sales  to 
it  by  those  asserting  ownership  through 
alleged  occupation,  but  termed  squatters 
by  the  grantees  or  the  successors  of  the 
grantees  under  the  blanket  grants.  The 
Northern  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  of 
which  C.  W.  Watson  is  president,  has,  it 
is  stated,  sold  its  holdings  to  the  Con- 
solidation Coal  Company. 


Maryland 
Consolidation  Coal  Company—  This 
company  will  issue  .S3,500,000  new  stock 
to  pay  for  100,000  acres  of  coal  in  the 
Elkhorn  coalfield  of  Kentucky,  on  which 
it  has  taken  options.  It  has  also  author- 
ized a  mortgage  to  secure  $40,000,000  in 


5  per  cent,  bonds,  of  which  $9,000,000 
are  to  issued  at  once,  the  rest  being  held 
for  future  use.  The  present  issue  will 
be  used  to  retire  the  outstanding  Somer- 
set and  Kentucky  division  bonds,  and 
some  small  issues;  and  to  pay  for  open- 
ing new  mines  in  Kentucky. 

Minnesota 

The  Duluth  Diamond  Drilling  Com- 
pany has  a  contract  from  the  M.  H.  Al- 
worth  interests  to  do  extensive  explora- 
tion on  the  Vermilion  iron  range  this 
winter.  Work  will  be  begun  in  Sec. 
5-62-12  near  the  Lucky  Boy  and  White 
Iron  Lake  properties. 

Pickands,  Mather  &  Co.  are  opening  a 
new  open-pit  property  near  Marble. 

Commodore — Fire  destroyed  the  ware- 
house, roundhouse  and  blacksmith  shop 
at  this  Mesabi  mine.     Loss,  $30,000. 

Virginia — A  night  shift  was  recently 
put  on  at  this  Mesabi  mine  to  fill  con- 
tracts before   navigation   closes. 

Carison — This  Cuyuna  range  iron 
property  has  been  acquired  by  the  Inland 
Steel  Company,  of  Chicago,  under  royal- 
ty lease  of  50c.  per  ton.  It  is  in  section 
17-46-29  and  includes  120  acres. 

Michigan 

Copper 
Michigan — The  company  continues  its 
drill  cross-section  from  the  Butler  lode 
to  the  sandstone  formation,  a  distance  of 
nearly  9000  ft.  several  holes  have  been 
completed  and  three  cores  taken  from  the 
Ogema  lode  showed  it  to  be   from    12  to 

15  ft.  wide  and  apparently  carrying  cop- 
per in  commercial  quantities.  At  the  Bee 
tract  a  small  amount  of  work  is  being 
done  between  the  adit  and  the  first  level 
with  good  copper  in  evidence.  At  the 
adit  level  800  ft.  of  drifting  has  been 
done  and  at  the  first  level,  180-ft.  level 
about  1000  ft..  Bunches  of  copper  were 
encountered  in  both  drifts. 

Quincy — This  company's  No.  9  or  Pon- 
tiac  shaft  is  down  1050  ft.  and  at  a  depth 
of  750  ft.  several  hundred  feet  of  drift- 
ing has  been  done  with  average  showing 
in  a  copper. 

Winona — The  first  head  of  the  new  mill 
will  be  ready  Dec.  15.  No.  4  shaft  is 
down  to  the  15th  level  and  it  is  claimed 
that  the  mine  has  reserved  ground  opened 
sufficient  to  keep  one  head  in  the  mill 
operating  for  four  or  five  years.  It  is 
estimated   that   the   rock    will   yield    from 

16  to  18  lb.  to  the  ton. 

New  Baltic — The  shaft  is  down  125  ft. 
sinking  in  the  footwall  of  the  formation 
about  35  ft.  behind  it.  A  small  com- 
pressor has  been  put  in  commission.  It 
is  planned  to  start  the  first  level  at  200 
feet. 

Oneca — The  directors  are  considering 
the  advisability  of  deepening  the  shaft 
on  the  Oneco  lode  and  exploring  this 
formation  at  a  greater  depth.    This  shaft 


has  been  bottomed  at  500  ft.  for  a  number 
of  years  and  a  drillcore  taken  for  this 
lode  at  a  greater  depth  showed  it  well 
mineralized. 

Algomah — It  has  been  decided  to  start 
drifting  on  the  formation  at  104  ft.  The 
crosscut  at  this  point  shows  the  same 
high-grade  ore  across  its  entire  face.  The 
second  drill  hole  to  determine  the  pitch  of 
the  lode  has  been  completed  and  is  be- 
ing moved  near  the  northern  boundary 
on  the  supposed  trend  of  the  Lake  lode. 
The  pitch  of  the  foimation  as  determined 
by  the  two  drill  holes  is  about  60  de- 
grees. 

Indiana — A  railway  spur  is  being  laid 
into  the  property  and  preparations  are 
being  made  to  begin  shaft  sinking  soon. 
No.  9  drill  hole  continues  driving  in  a 
felsite  formation  carrying  commercial 
copper. 


Montana 

The  United  States  Assay  office  at  Hel- 
ena reports  the  receipt  of  $155,048  in 
precious  metals  for  October.  Fergus 
county  led,  with  S52,92I  and  Madison 
county  was  second  with  548,334. 

The  lumber  mill  of  the  Anaconda  Cop- 
per Mining  Company  at  Hamilton  has  re- 
cently been  closed  down  and  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  it  will  not  be  reopened  until 
spring.  The  crews  in  the  woods  are  still 
at  work,  however.  There  is  an  unusually 
large  stock  on  hand  and  this,  together 
with  the  dullness  of  the  lumber  market,  is 
the  probable  cause  of  the  shutdown. 

Butte  District 

East  Butte — What  is  considered  to  be 
the  most  important  discovery  ever  made 
in  the  Pittsmont  mine  has  recently  been 
made  on  the  800-ft.  level.  The  new  ore- 
body  was  cut  by  the  south  crosscut  on 
that  level  after  it  had  been  driven  past  a 
point  where  the  vein  was  badly  faulted. 
The  management  states  that  the  orebody 
is  almost  40  ft.  wide  and  that  it  will  av- 
erage over  10  per  cent,  copper  through- 
out, with  frequent  lenses  of  bornite.  The 
vein  has  been  opened  up  at  intervals  for 
over  900  ft.  on  the  800-ft.  level  and  a 
raise  has  shown  its  continuity  up  to  the 
700- ft.  level.  Two  250-ton  furnaces  are 
being  operated  at  the  smeltery  and  some- 
what less  than  1,000,000  lb.  of  copper  is 
being  produced  monthly,  half  of  which 
is  from  customs  ore  and  the  rest  from 
the    Pittsmont   mine. 

Butte  Central — After  considering  the 
report  of  Engineer  W.  L.  Creden,  the 
directors  have  decided  to  let  a  contract 
to  sink  the  shaft  500  ft.  The  report 
recommends  that  further  experiments  be 
made  with  the  ore  before  erecting  a  con- 
centrator and  this  advice  will  be  fol- 
lowed, the  ore  being  shipped  to  the  East 
Butte  Company  smeltery  for  treatment. 

Broadwater  County 
The  Jap  Goodwin  property,  at  the  head 
of  Weasel  gulch,  has  recently  shipped  a 


November  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


983 


car  of  galena  ore  to  the  East  Helena 
smeltery.  The  East  Pacific  mine  worked 
by  Bell  &  Adamson.  has  shipped  a  car- 
load of  concentrates  to  the  East  Helena 
smeltery.  The  Keating  Gold  Mining 
Company  is  shipping  to  the  East  Butte 
smeltery  at  the  rate  of  40  cars  per  month 
from  its  property  in  the  Radersburg  dis- 
trict. This  ore  is  all  coming  from  the 
400-  and  500-ft.  levels.  The  property's 
vertical  shaft  is  400  ft.  deep,  while  the 
incline  is  600   feet. 

Toston  Copper  Mining  Company — E.  F. 
Nave  has  secured  a  default  judgment 
against  the  company  for  S600  on  a  pro- 
missory note  dated  Dec.  1.  1909. 

Ohio-Keating — A  special  meeting  of 
stockholders  will  be  held  in  Butte,  Dec. 
3,  to  consider  plans  for  the  raising  of 
funds.  Several  courses  are  suggested; 
namely,  increasing  the  capital  stock  from 
3500,000  to  SI, 000,000;  to  authorize  a 
bond  issue  to  take  care  of  the  present 
indebtedness  and  future  operating  ex- 
penses, to  sell  all  the  company's  assets, 
or  to  consolidate  with  some  other  op- 
erating  companies. 

Chouteau  County 

Regal — The  management  states  that  a 
Strike  has  recently  been  made  on  the 
company's  property  in  the  Little  Rockies 
district,  near  Zortman. 

Fergus  County 

Kendall   Company — A   dividend   of  2c. 
per  share    was   recently   declared.     This 
makes  a  total   of  SI, 305,000  paid   in  di- 
vidends  upon    a   S500,000   capitalization. 
Jefferson  County 

Boston  &  Corbin — Consulting  Engin- 
eer Neill  has  recently  submitted  a  report 
covering  operations  since  Oct.,  1909.  The 
report  deals  in  detail  with  the  develop- 
ment, which  was  done  mainly  in  sinking 
rhe  shaft  and  opening  the  700-ft.  level, 
but  fails  to  state  any  date  on  which  ship- 
ments will  be   begun. 

Leviis  &  Clark  Counti 
In  the  Rimini  district  Ted  Swan  has 
recently  made  a  strike  on  the  John  Mul- 
?rew  property.  The  Lee  Mountain  mine, 
*'hich  has  not  been  worked  for  some 
ime,  is  now  being  examined  by  experts 
n  the  employ  of  prospective  Eastern  pur- 
hasers.  The  Valley  Forge  Company  has 
limed  work  on  its  property  and  is  now 
..king  ore  out  of  the  upper  tunnel  and 
naking  shipments  to  East  Helena. 

Nevada 
Churchill  County 
Nevada  Wonder — James  S.  Austin,  M. 
i.  Cutter  and  C.  A.  Daniel,  of  Philadel- 
I'hla,  interested  in  the  property,  inspected 
'he  mine  and  mill  site  last  week.     Con- 
truction  is  delayed   on   account  of  diffi- 
ulty  in  freighting. 

ES.MERALDA   COUNTY 

Grizzly  Bear —Active  mining  opera- 
lions  have  been  resumed  on  the   leased 


Consolidated  ground  south  of  the  Cler- 
mont workings.  The  leasing  company  has 
the  deepest  shaft  in  the  district  but,  un- 
less an  extension  has  recently  been 
granted,  has  but  3  months  longer  in  which 
to  operate.  It  is  thought  that  the  recent 
discoveries  of  high-grade  in  the  lower 
workings  of  the  Clermont  have  encour- 
aged the  leasers  to  make  a  final  attempt 
to  strike  a  bonanza  and  recoup. 

Alamo — A  leasing  company  has  ac- 
quired the  property,  together  with  the 
Silver  Moon  ground  adjoining,  and  will 
have  everything  in  readiness  for  opera- 
tions Dec.  1,  when  the  power  line  is  due 
to  reach  Lucky  Boy. 

Gold  field  Consolidated — Developments 
on  the  1000-ft.  level  of  the  Clermont 
show  ore  for  60  ft.,  20  ft.  wide  at  one 
place.  The  ore  seems  to  be  of  good  mill- 
ing character,  consisting  largely  of  free 
gold  and  pyrites  in  quartz,  with  only  a 
small  proportion  of  sulphides  of  anti- 
mony, bismuth  and  copper.  It  is  similar 
to  the  ore  found  just  above  the  600  level 
of  the  Mohawk  and  may  be  the  downward 
extension  of  the  high-grade  shoot  known 
as  "403"  stope. 

Humboldt  County 

Radiator  Hill — A  winze  is  being  sunk 
along  an  18-inch  stringer  of  quartz  en- 
countered 750  ft.  from  the  portal  of  the 
main  tunnel. 

Laurel — Teams  and  scrapers  are  being 
used  to  remove  the  earth  which  covers  the 
vein.  The  vein  has  already  been  stripped 
400  feet. 

Lincoln  County 

Duplex — A  34-ton  lot  of  ore  from  the 
Smith-Fessler  lease  plated  at  the  rate  of 
S63  per  ton  at  the  Knight  custom  mill  at 
Searchlight. 

Tonopah  Extension — According  to  a 
report  just  issued,  operations  on  the 
property  for  5  months  ended  Sept.  1,  pro- 
duced S208.518.  Expenses  for  the  same 
period  amounted  to  S132,587,  leaving  a 
net  profit  of  nearly  S76,000. 

MacNamara — The  crosscut  from  raise 
"57"  this  week  encountered  the  vein  and 
exposed  6  ft.  of  milling  ore  with  the 
hangingwall  not  yet  in  sight.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  a  continuation  of  the  rich  ore- 
shoot  opened  above  will  be  found  upon 
reaching  the  hangingwall. 

Manhattan  Mining  and  Leasing  Com- 
pany— A  new  4-inch  water-supply  line, 
Bryan  regrinding  mills,  new  classifiers 
and  other  mill  equipment  will  materially 
increase  the  extraction. 

Storey  County 

Belcher — Operations  have  been  re- 
sumed after  the  disastrous  fire  which  al- 
most totally  destroyed  the  surface  plant, 
ten  weeks  ago.  New  machinery  and  fire- 
proof buildings  have  put  the  property  in 
better  condition  than  ever. 

Comstock — Output  figures  for  the  week 
show:   Ophir,    S4344..55;    Con.    Virginia, 


.S39 12.95;  Mexican,  S4 782.50.  No.  2  hy- 
draulic elevator  is  reported  to  be  working 
at  the  2650-ft.  level  of  the  C.  &.  C.  shaft 
and  the  various  stations  are  being 
cleaned  up  ready  for  development  of  new 
orebodies  on  the  2350- ft.  and  lower 
levels. 

Oregon 
Baker  County 
Humbolt — Ten  stamps  are  to  be  added 
to  the  mill  of  this  company,  and  the 
pl«nt  will  be  equipped  with  electrical 
power  at  a  cost  of  SI5,000.  The  offices 
are  at  Baker  City. 

Josephine  County 
The  motor  highway  from  the  Almeda 
mine  to  Leland,  in  the  Galice  district,  is 
about  completed,  and  will  mean  much  in 
the  way  of  transportation  facilities  to  the 
other  mines  of  this  district. 

Deep  Gravel — This  company  is  con- 
sidering the  installation  of  a  dredge  on 
its  property   at  Waldo. 


Utah 

Beaver  County 
A  four-mile  pipe  line  has  been  laid 
from  a  point  in  the  valley  about  10  miles 
from  Milford,  to  furnish  water  for  mines 
in  the  Star  district.  The  well  is  down 
50  ft.,  and  a  good  supply  of  water  has 
been  developed.  As  soon  as  the  pump 
arrives,  the  plant  will  be  put  in  operation. 
The  unusual  dryness  of  the  past  season 
has  made  the  present  undertaking  neces- 
sary. The  Commonwealth,  Red  Warrior, 
Lady  Br^an  and  Manassas  will  receive 
water,  and  other  properties  will  probably 
be  included. 

Red  Warrior — Since  this  property  has 
been  taken  over  by  Duluth  people,  98 
cars  or  approximately  4800  tons  of  ore 
have  been  shipped,  which  averaged  28 
per  cent,  lead  and  14  oz.  in  silver.  The 
ore  occurs  principally  in  fissures,  and 
makes  off  into  the  limestone  bedding. 
The  development  consists  of  a  500-f». 
vertical  shaft,  with  levels  at  the  I00-, 
200-,  300-  and  500-ft.  stations.  Lucien 
Merritt  is  president. 

Cedar-Talisman — Work  is  being  done 
on  zinc  ore  from  the  125-ft.  level.  Lot 
No.  8  of  this  ore  has  been  shipped  and 
assayed  44.32  per  cent.  zinc.  Drifting 
is  being  done  on  the  235-ft.  level,  and 
some  lead  ore  has  been  found.  Develop- 
ment is  also  being  carried  on  in  two 
places  on  the  500. 

South  Utah — The  mill  is  being  worked 
into  shape  on  low-grade  ore.  As  soon  as 
the  plant  has  been  brought  up  to  800 
tons  per  day.  ore  of  a  better  grade  will 
be  sent  through.  The  elevator  belts  have 
given  some  trouble,  but  aside  from  this 
the  new  mill  is  reported  to  be  doing  well. 

North  America— The  shaft  is  down  100 
ft.,  and  a  crosscut  has  been  started  for 
the   vein,    which    will    be    reached    in    35 


984 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


or   40    ft.      Lead,   silver    and    some    gold 
occurs  in  stringers,  which  have  been  cut. 

Utah  United — Drifting  has  been  start- 
ed from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  to  cut 
the  main  vein.  Ore  running  well  in  gold, 
beside  carrying  silver  and  copper  has 
been  found  on  the  390-ft.  level.  A.  J. 
McMullen  is  manager. 

Michigan  Mining  and  Development — 
Drifting  on  the  200-ft.  level  ^^as  opened 
a  vein  carrying  lead,  silver  and  copper. 
The  property  is  in  the  Beaver  Lake  dis- 
trict. 

Golden  Reef — This  property  is  five 
miles  north  of  Frisco.  The  workings  ag- 
gregate between  2500  and  3000  ft.,  and 
consist  largely  of  tunneling.  Ore  has 
been  found  in  several  places.  It  carries 
principally  gold,  with  some  lead,  and 
practically  no  silver.  The  company  is 
controlled  by  Sevier  and  Sanpete  county 
interests. 

Lower  Cave — D.  H.  Ferguson,  former- 
ly superintendent  of  the  Cedar-Talisman, 
has  taken  a  bond  and  lease  on  this  prop- 
erty in  the  Bradshaw  district. 

Horn  Silver — A  large  amount  of  low- 
grade  ore  has  been  broken  and  stored  in 
the  mine,  from  the  1600-ft.  level  to  the 
surface.  Ore  of  higher  grade  has  been 
developed  on  the  north  end  of  the  600-ft. 
level.  The  question  of  a  mill,  or  of  a 
suitable  process  for  treating  the  low 
grade  ores  will  probably  be  brought  up 
at  the  annual  meeting  in  December. 
Frederick  A.  Bishop,  17  Battery  place, 
New  York,  is  secretary. 

Juab  County 

Colorado — Development  is  being  done 
on  the  300- ft.  level  of  the  No.  2  shaft, 
and  on  the  500-ft.  level  of  shaft  No.  1, 
about  50  tons  of  ore  being  mined  daily. 
A  face  of  ore  has  been  opened  m  a  drift 
near  the  Sioux  line. 

Cenfennial-Eureka — The  new  Swiss 
pumps  are  handling  325  gal.  of  water 
per  min.  Only  one  of  the  units  is  being 
used. 

Black  Jack — The  mineralized  quartz  on 
the  1000- ft.  level  is  being  followed. 
Small  assays  are  obtained.  There  was 
no  change  in  the  directorate  at  the  meet- 
ing Oct.    15. 

King  William — Development  is  being 
done  300  ft.  from  the  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell 
line  on  the  lOOO-ft.  level.  Two  shifts 
are  at  work. 

Bradley — The  compressor  has  been  in- 
stalled. The  hoist  and  compressor  are 
run  by  gasolene.  A  depth  of  325  ft.  has 
been  reached  by  the  shaft. 

Clipper  — Assessment  is  being  done  on 
this  group  about  a  mile  north  of  Eureka. 
The  tunnel  is  in  160  ft.,  and  is  being 
extended. 

Tintic  Standard — A  second  hole  will 
be  started  with  the  diamond  drill  from 
the  lOOO-ft.  level.  The  first  hole  did 
not  justify  drifting  in  the  ground  drilled. 
Work  is  being  done  along  the  contact  of 


limestone  and  quartzite  on  the  700-ft. 
level.  The  drifts  cut  a  fissure,  whicn 
was  followed  a  short  distance,  and 
opened  into  2  ft.  of  lead-silver  ore.  This 
is  said  to  run  49  per  cent,  lead,  5  oz. 
silver,  and  60c.  gold  per  ton. 
-  Opt'.r— Work  on  the  2147-ft  level  has 
been  stopped  and  development  trans- 
ferred to  the    1900  level. 

Swansea — The  report  that  the  water  in 
this  mine  will  be  needed  in  case  the 
Iron  Blossom  builds  a  mill  has  revived 
interest  in  the  property.  The  lower  lev- 
els  have   long   been   under   water. 

Scranton — A  strike  of  zinc  carbonate 
ore  has  been  made  recently.  About  600 
tons  of  zinc  ore  a  month  is  shipped 
east.  T.  G.  Wolf,  of  Scranton,  Penn., 
president  of  the  company,  has  been  visit- 
ing the  property. 

Sioux  Consolidated — A  financial  state- 
ment of  Oct.  1  shows  that  53  cars  of  ore 
settled  for  during  September  brought 
S26,477  which,  with  584,648,  cash  on 
hand  Sept.  1,  made  a  total  of  $111,125. 
Bills  paid  in  September  amounted  to 
.514,453,  leaving  a  balance  Oct.  1  of  S96,- 
672.  A  dividend  of  4c.  a  share,  amount- 
ing to  530,000,  was  paid  Oct.  20.  Fore- 
man George  Parker  has  been  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  Iron  King.  Mr. 
Parker's  place  has  been  taken  by  Sidney 
Harding. 

Mammoth — The  new  cable  was  strung 
Oct.  27,  and  the  hoist  put  in  operation. 
In  removing  the  old  cable  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft  it  was  necessary  to  cut 
it  into  lengths  of  300  ft.  The  working 
force  will  be  increased  and  operations 
brought  up  to  normal  again. 

Iron  Blossom — Silver-lead  ore  has 
been  developed  in  the  No.  3  shaft  on  the 
450-ft.  level.  On  the  500  level  of  the 
South  shaft  the  silicious  gold-silver  ore 
has  been  opened  for  about  1100  ft.,  and 
connections  have  been  made  in  ore  with 
the  600  level.  There  has  been  some 
doubt  as  to  whether  the  ore  carries  too 
high  a  percentage  of  copper  to  allow  sat- 
isfactory cyaniding  and  tests  are  being 
made.  The  copper  occurs  principally 
along  the  walls  of  the  orebody,  and  it 
is  thought  this  can  be  mined  separately. 
Water  was  encountered  in  the  shaft  at 
about  the  1 900- ft.  level  Oct.  22.  About 
two  cars  of  ore  a  day  are  shipped. 

Uncle  Sam — The  new  orebody  has 
been  raised  on  for  200  ft.,  and  is  said 
to  be  60  ft.  wide.  It  is  thought  to  be  a 
continuation  of  the  Richmond-Anaconda 
orebody,  which  was  lost  several  years 
ago  through  faulting.  Over  a  car  of  ore 
daily  is  shipped. 

Victoria — The  shaft  on  the  Eureka  side 
of  the  mountain  is  down  495  ft.  It  has 
been  connected  with  the  old  workings 
by  a  drift  at  about  the  900  level.  The 
shaft  is  being  sunk  by  contract,  and 
when  completed  on  the  1000-ft.  level  will 
handle  the  work  now  carried  on  through 
the  Grand  Central  on  the  Mammoth  side. 


Richmond- Anaconda — This  mine  has 
not  been  operated  for  some  time.  Recent 
developments  in  the  Uncle  Sam  indicate 
that  ore  will  be  followed  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  company's  lines.  The 
control  is  held  by  the  Uncle  Sam  com- 
pany. 

Summit  County 

A  stipulation  was  filed  Oct.  31  in  the 
U.  S.  district  court  in  the  case  of  the 
Uintah  Treasure  Hill  Coalition  Company 
vs.  the  Silver  King  Coalition  Mines 
Company  for  the  sale  of  the  claims  in- 
volved in  the  suit  in  equity.  The  claims 
include  the  Kentucky  Nos.  1-8  inclusive 
and  four  other  claims  in  the  Uintah  min- 
ing district.  Park  City.  By  order  of  the 
court,  these  12  claims  are  to  be  sold  in- 
dividually at  public  auction,  and  a  divi- 
sion of  the  nioney  accruing  will  be  made, 
when  the  case  has  been  decided  by  Judge 
John  A.  Marshall.  The  Uintah  Treasure 
Hill  claims  an  undivided  two-thirds  in- 
terest in  the  property.  It  also  claims  to 
have  expended  $28,700  on  development, 
and  asks  that  the  defendant  company  be 
compelled  to  pay  its  portion  of  the  ex- 
pense. 

Thompson-Quincy — Special  stockhold- 
ers' meetings  of  the  Thompson  and  West 
Quincy  companies  have  been  called  for 
Nov.  30,  at  which  the  sale  of  each  to 
the  new  company  will  be  proposed  for 
raitfication.  The  West  Quincy  will  re- 
ceive 285,890  shares  in  the  new  com- 
pany for  its  stock,  while  the  Thompson 
copmany  will  receive  238,600  shares. 
The  Daly  and  Ontario  companies  each 
receive  75,000  shares,  and  the  Daly 
West,  50,000  shares  in  payment  for 
working  rights  and  tunnel  privileges. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Bingham  Mines — Work  of  sinking  the 
old  Yosemite  shaft  from  the  800-ft.  level 
has  been  started.  The  800  level  has  been 
under  water  over  10  years,  and  has  only 
recently  been  unwatered  by  a  drift  from 
the  Mascot  tunnel.  An  electric  hoist 
has  been  installed. 

Utah  Copper — The  September  produc- 
tion is  given  at  7,077,035  lb.,  which  is 
the  smallest  since  February.  The  total 
production  for  the  first  nine  months  of 
the  year  was  66,932,162  lb.  Work  of  re- 
modeling the  former  Boston  Consolidated 
mill  will  be  started  soon. 

Utah  Mines  Coalition — The  new  ore- 
body  has  been  developed  for  about  60 
ft.  on  the  strike,  and  averages  about  5 
ft.  in  thickness.  It  carries  lead,  silver 
and  copper  in  both  sulphide  and  oxidized 
form.  Two  feet  is  said  to  average  about 
560  per  ton  gross,  and  3  ft.  about  525  per 
ton.  Preparations  are  being  made  for 
shipping. 

Mountain  Lake — The  annual  report  has 
been  sent  to  stockholders.  This  shows 
an  overdraft  of  $1770  on  Oct.  1.  The 
company  owns  53  patented  claims  in 
Wasatch,  Utah,  and  Salt  Lake  counties. 


November  12,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


985 


A  tunnel  has  been  driven  5400  ft.  This 
is  being  extended,  and  if  it  does  not 
reach  the  contact  of  limestone  and  gran- 
ite under  the  present  contact,  another 
contract  for  300  ft.  will  be  given  during 
the  coming  summer.  No  ore  has  yet 
been  found.  The  Knight  board  of  di- 
rectors has  been  reeelected. 

Cardiff — The  company  has  hauled  in 
its  supplies,  and  developing  will  be  ear- 
ned on  during  the  winter. 


Washington 
Ferry  County 
Little  Pittsburg — A   contract   has   been 
n        let    for   driving    another    tunnel    on    this 
property,  which  adjoins  the  New  Repub- 
lic.    D.  A.  Milh,  Republic,  is  manager. 

Beecher — This  property,  at  Orient, 
■which  has  been  closed  for  two  years  ow- 
ing to  litigation,  will  be  reopened  at 
once. 

Pierce  County 
Coast  Coal — This   company   is   install- 
ing new  machinery  and   will  erect   adc'i- 
tional  bunkers  at   Pittsburg. 


Wyoming 
Williams-Liiman — In  this  mine  ai   De- 
poss,  a  rich  body  of  copper  ore  has  been 
opened  in  the  300- ft.  level. 

Canada 

British  Columbia 

Granby — This  company  has  purchased 
for  S400,000  four-fifths  of  the  capital 
stock  of  the  Hidden  Creek  Mining  Com- 
pany, of  which  the  remaining  one-fifth  is 
owned  by  M.  K.  Rogers.  The  Hidden 
Creek  Company  owns  a  mine  at  Goose 
Bay,  near  the  Alaska  boundary,  which  is 
claimed  to  have  400,000  tons  of  ore  in 
sight,  averaging  3'..  per  cent,  copper.  It 
is  proposed  to  erect  a  furnace  at  Goose 
Bay  and  ship  the  matte  to  the  Granby 
works  for  converting. 

Ontario 

The  shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  Oct.  28  were:  Kerr  Lake, 
280,643  lb.;  Nipissing,  251.680;  Crown 
Reserve,  196,240;  La  Rose,  170,570; 
Townsite.  82,880;  Little  Nipissing,  65,- 
000;  Hudson  Bay,  63,290;  Chambers- 
Ferland,  63,400;  Hargraves,  60.600; 
Trethewey,  45,040;  McKinley-Darragh, 
43,760;  total,  1,323,103  lb.  Bullion  ship- 
ments. Colonial,  1008  oz.;  O'Brien, 
16,716;  Temiskaming,  15,744;  total,  33,- 
468  ounces. 

A  new  smeltery  that  will  handle  Cobalt- 
silver  ore,  has  commenced  operations  at 
Swansea,  Ontario. 

Wcttlaufcr — This  South  Lorrain  prop- 
erty has  made  a  shipment  of  one  car  of 
high-  and  two  of  low-grade  ore. 

Moose  Mountain — This  company,  which 
owns  extensive  iron-ore  deposits  at  Sell- 
wood,  north  of  Sudbury,  has  decided  to 
supplement  the  process  of  tnagnetic  sepa- 


ration now  used  in  refining  the  ore  by  the 
Grondal  process,  which  it  is  e.\pected  will 
enable  them  largely  to  increase  the  out- 
put. When  the  new  Grondal  plant  is  in- 
stalled it  is  estimated  that  from  800  to 
1000  tons  per  day  of  the  refined  ore 
can  be  produced  through  the  coming 
winter  and  100,000  tons  stacked  for  ship- 
ment by  the  spring. 

Dominion  Steel  Corporation — The  out- 
put for  October  in  tons  was  as  follows: 
pig  iron,  22,058;  steel  ingots,  27,034; 
blooms,  26,113;  rails,  15,375;  wire  rods, 
4743;  coal  329,000.  The  corporation  has 
sold  ,S  1,500,000  of  5-year  notes  to  the  Do- 
minion Securities  Corporation  to  proide 
for  the  S4  cash  dividend  declared  on  the 
shares  of  the  Coal  and  Steel  companies 
a;  the  time  of  the  merger.  President 
Plummer  explains  that  the  Sl,500,000  will 
not  be  permanently  added  to  capital  as  it 
is  intended  to  pay  back  the  sum  out  of 
earnings. 

Canadian  Copper  Company — This  com- 
pany is  constructing  at  Copper  Cliff  a 
complete  reverberatory-furnace  plant, 
consisting  of  McDougall  roasters,  rever- 
beratory-smelting  furnaces,  a  coal-dry- 
ing and  pulverizing  plant,  a  concrete  dust 
chamber  and  a  250-ft.  brick  chimney. 


Mexico 
Chihuahua 
The  recently  effective  5-peso  per  car 
switching  charge  on  the  lines  of  the  Na- 
tional Railways  of  Mexico,  has  been  made 
inoperative  pending  further  investigation 
of  its  equity  by  the  Government,  and  it 
is  believed  that  it  will  be  rescinded. 

Aguascalientes 

The  Aguascalientes  smeltery  has 
blown  in  its  lead  furnace,  which  has 
been  shut  down  for  several  months.  Four 
of  its  nine  copper  furnaces  are  in  oper- 
ation. 

The  Guggenheim  mines,  at  Tepazala, 
increased  shipments  to  Aguascalientes 
4000  tons  monthly. 

Ncpensada — These  mines,  belonging  to 
the  Asientos  Mining  Company,  and  un- 
der lease  to  S.  Rapp,  have  started  ship- 
ments of  copper  ore  to  Aguascalientes. 

Tepozan — l^nrique  Becker  has  re- 
sumed work  after  two  years  shut  down. 

El  Patrieio — This  mine,  formerly 
owned  by  George  Crowder,  has  been  sold 
to  .Joseph  Pepperd,  who  will  begin  work. 

Lead's  Queen — These  mines,  under 
rental  to  R.  A.  Towne  interests,  have 
made  their  first  shipment  of  good  lead- 
gold-silver  ore  to  the  San  Luis  Potosi. 

Santa  Francisea — Three  diamond  drills 
are  now  at  work  at  the  mines,  in  charge 
of  J.   Epgleston. 

La  Fe — M.  W.  Lafayette  and  asso- 
ciates have  placed  a  small  cyanide  mill 
in  operation  at  this  mine  in  the  Guada- 
lupe y  Calvo  section.  A  larger  milling 
plant  is  under  consideration. 


Palmilla — The  Palmilla  Milling  Com- 
pany expects  to  have  the  first  250-ton 
unit  of  its  cyanide  plant  in  commission 
by  Dec.  1.  In  the  meantime  improve- 
ments at  the  mine  include  the  installa- 
tion of  several  large  pumps  in  the  lower 
levels,  double  tracking  of  the  main  tun- 
nel level  to  the  ore  bins  and  grading  for 
the  towers  of  the  aerial  tram  to  be  used 
for  conveying  ore  from  the  old  dumps  to 
the  mill. 

Candelaria — This  company,  with  prop- 
erty near  Santa  Barbara,  has  completed 
its  concentrating  mill  and  is  planning  on 
the  early  addition  of  a  50-ton  cyanide 
plant.  George  C.  Hackstaff  is  the  man- 
ager. 

Volcan — Compaflia  Minera  de  Volcan, 
with  holdings  in  the  vicinity  of  Parral, 
has  increased  its  capitalization  from 
15,000  to  40,000  pesos  to  enable  the  se- 
curing of  funds  for  machinery  and  de- 
velopment. Paul  Gerhardt  is  the  presi- 
dent-manager and  Alberto  Stallforth  is 
secretary -treasurer. 

Santa  Gertrudis — This  mine,  in  the 
Minas  Nuevas  camp  is  outputting  at  the 
rate  of  about  five  cars  weekly.  The  ore 
is  low  grade   and   silicious. 

Sierra  Plata — The  discovery  of  ship- 
ping quantities  of  22-kg.  silver  ore  in  this 
Minas  Nueves  mine  is  reported.  The 
property  has  been  shipping  2  cars  daily. 
Roy  H.  Allen  is  manager. 

Virginia  Consolidated — A  shipment  of 
four  cars  gave  returns  of  about  30  per 
cent,  copper,  S7  gold  and  12  oz.  silver. 
The  property  is  50  miles  west  of  Mifiaca 
and  under  the  management  of  J.  W.  Clay- 
ton. 

Guanajuato 

San  Cayetano — The  property  has  been 
inspected  by  Louis  Wright  and  Charles 
W.  Botsford.  Plans  for  a  mill  are  being 
considered.  It  is  controlled  by  the  Lew- 
isohn  interests,  of  New  York. 

SONORA 

Santa  Rosalia — Sufficient  funds  are  in 
the  treasury  of  this  company  to  erect  the 
100-ton  mill,  for  which  plans  have  been 
drawn  for  more  than  a  year. 

San  Feliz — This  mine,  a  former  silver 
producer,  has  been  bonded  by  W.  S. 
Sturgis  to  a  British  company  for 
S300,000. 

Neuvo  Promontorio — A  two-compart- 
ment shaft  is  being  lowered  at  this  prop- 
erty, in  the  Altar  district. 

Cananea-Boston — A  hoisting  apparatus 
has  recently  been  placed  at  this  com- 
pany's initial  shaft,  west  of  Cananea. 

Mocfezuna  Copper  Company — This 
company's  big  concentrator  is  running  to 
its  full  capacity  again.  During  the  sum- 
mer months  half  of  it  was  closed  down 
on  account  of  a  scarcity  of  water. 

Sonera  Copper  Smelting  Company — 
This  company's  100-ton  smelting  plant 
is   finished. 


986 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


^    THE  MARKETS 


>^        jr 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditioris   and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 

New  York,  Not'.  9 — The  coal  situation 
in  the  West  is  up  to  the  railroads.  Mines 
are  busy  and  ready  to  ship  coal  as  fast 
as  cars  are  provided;  but  the  universal 
complaint  is  that  cars  are  not  to  be  had 
in  sufficient  number.  At  nearly  all  the 
distributing  centers  coal  comes  in  slowly, 
and  most  consumers  have  only  light 
stocks.  The  fault  is  not  with  the  mines, 
but  with  the  railroads.  It  is  true  that 
in  many  cases  local  reports  of  "impend- 
ing coal  famine"  are  exaggerated  and 
sensational.  Nevertheless  it  is  a  fact 
that  coal  is  not  moved  as  fast  as  it  is 
wanted,  and  a  heavy  storm  might  cause 
a  serious  situation.  Local  prices  have 
advanced  at  many  points.  At  others,  how- 
ever, the  car  situation  has  depressed 
them,  owing  to  the  preference  given  by 
the  railroads  to  deliveries  on  their  own 
lines,  where  they  can  keep  their  cars 
under   their   own   control. 

In  the  East  the  anthracite  trade  is 
quiet  and  steady.  The  Seaboard  trade 
is  suffering  from  car  shortage,  but  not  to 
anything  like  the  extent  reported  from 
the  West.  Apart  from  the  car  question 
the  trade  is  in  good  shape. 

Ohio  Coal  Suits — The  Federal  grand 
jury  at  Columbus,  O.,  has  found  a  num- 
ber of  indictments  against  the  Hocking 
Valley  Railroad  Company,  charging  dis- 
crimination in  rates  and  in  granting 
facilities  to  the  Sunday  Creek  Coal  Com- 
pany, to  the  exclusion  of  other  coal  com- 
panies on  its  line. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
The  following  statement  of  tonnage 
carried  over  the  Virginian  railway  for  the 
three  months  of  its  fiscal  year  from  July 
1  to  Sept.  30  is  given  by  the  Coal  Trade 
journal:  Commercial  coal,  380,40,S; 
company  coal,  27,597;  total  coal,  408,- 
002;  coke,  7591;  total,  415,593  tons.  The 
total  for  the  corresponding  period  in 
1909,  when  the  road  was  only  partly 
open,  was  194,1 17. 

Shipments  of  Broad  Top  coal  over  the 
Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  railroad,  10 
months  ended  Oct.  30,  were  365,412  tons 
in  1909,  and  569.773  in  1910;  increase, 
204,361  tons. 

New  York 

Anthraciti; 

A^oi^.  9 — Cold  weather  has  stimulated 
local  trade,  and  business  seems  to  be  in 
good  shape. 

Schedule    prices    for    large    sizes    are 


S4.75  for  broken  and  85  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 
For  steam  sizes,  current  quotations  are: 
Pea,  S2.95'((3.25;  buckwheat,  Sl.lSri; 
2.50;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice,  $1.65f.(2; 
barley,  $1.35'</  1.50;  all  according  to 
quality,  f.o.h.  New  York  harbor. 
Bituminous 

The  market  continues  in  good  shape. 
Seaboard  orders  are  coming  in  well,  and 
there  is  no  accumulation  of  coal  at  tide. 
Some  coal  is  still  going  to  the  West. 

Car  supply  is  beginning  to  cause  some 
anxiety.  It  is  getting  worse,  and  the 
complaints  are  increasing  from  all  quart- 
ers. All-rail  trade  is  suffering  more  than 
tidewater  business  from  this  cause.  The 
railroads  complain  that  connecting  lines 
are  very  slow  in  returning  cars  delivered 
to  them.  Transportation  is  generally 
good. 

Prices  are  well  held.  Gas  coals  are 
selling  at  tide  at  prices  which  realize 
S1.05r<(1.10  at  mine  for  M-in.,  95c.r«SI 
for  run-of-mine  and  70c.  for  slack.  Low- 
volatile  steam  coals  bring  S2.70C(/  2.75, 
New  York  harbor,  for  the  lower  grades, 
and  up   to  S2.90r<(3   for  better  qualities. 

In  the  Coastwise  vessel  market  there 
is  no  material  change.  Rates  are  held 
on  a  basis  of  70r(/80c.  from  Philadelphia 
to  Boston  and  Portland;  60r(;65c.  from 
New  York  to  points  around  Cape  Cod. 
The   tendency   is  toward   an   advance. 

Birmingham 

Nov.  1 — Coal  operations  in  Alabama 
are  active.  The  railroads  are  unable  to 
furnish  all  the  cars  that  are  needed.  The 
home  consumption  is  not  as  strong  as  the 
outside  demand,  which  means  that  the  rail- 
roads are  being  called  on  to  furnish  man\' 
cars  for  the  trade.  The  railroads  still 
decline  to  furnish  cars  for  coal  that  is 
going  out  of  this  territory;  railroads  will 
accept  business  which  they  can  handle  on 
their  own  lines,  but  are  not  willing  to  let 
cars  go  to  other  lines.  Better  prices  ob- 
tain for  coal  in  this  State. 

A  warning  was  sent  out  by  Chief  Mine 
Inspector  James  Hillhouse,  the  past  week, 
because  of  the  cold  weather  setting  in. 
The  warning  was  out  but  two  days  when 
a  pocket  of  gas  exploded  in  the  mines  at 
Yolande  and  five  men  were  killed. 

There  is  a  strong  demand  for  coke,  not 
only  from  furnaces  but  from  other  con- 
cerns. 


tinues  quiet  and  firm.  Buying  for  winter 
storage  has  been  heavy,  by  many  con- 
sumers. Stocks  of  all  kinds  of  coal  are 
low  and  the  market  is  growing  stronger 
every  day.  A  week  of  mild  weather,  if  it 
comes,  may  change  all  this;  with  con- 
tinued cold  large  receipts  can  be  dis- 
posed of  profitably. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  bring  on  cars  $2.10 
(ii3  for  lump,  $2ft2.20  for  run-of-mine 
and  $1.30fi/  1.75,  for  screenings.  Hock- 
ing, very  firm  and  with  demand  pressing 
visible  supply,  brings  $3.40;  smokeless, 
in  good  demand  for  both  sizes,  sells  $3.30 
for  run-of-mine  and  $3.95  for  lump.  No 
prospect  seems  to  exist  of  forced  lower 
prices  to  escape  demurrage  charges,  on 
any  kind  of  coal.  Anthracite  sales  are 
large  in  both  city  and  country. 


Cle 


and 


Chicago 

Nov.  8-  As  a  result  of  continued  cold 
weather  all  domestic  coal  has  strength- 
ened, while  the  steam  coal  market  con- 


Nov.  7 — Local  trade  is  pressing,  both 
in  steam  and  domestic  coals,  but  sup- 
plies are  short.  Car  supply  is  short 
everywhere,  and  it  is  a  question  of  get- 
ting coal.  Dealers'  yards  are  bare,  and 
receipts  are  below  the  sales. 

Prices  are  nominally  unchanged,  but 
in  many  cases  premiums  are  paid  to  get 
coal  that  is  needed.  Pocahontas  is  espe- 
cially   scarce. 

The  Lake  trade  is  beginning  to  fall 
off,  and  a  couple  of  weeks  will  see  its 
end   for  the  season. 

Indianapolis 

Nov.  5 — Conditions  point  to  a  coal 
famine.  There  are  no  reserve  stocks  of 
coal  in  the  cities  of  the  State,  and  only 
immediate  needs  can  be  supplied.  The 
city  dealers  say  that  they  could  not 
stand  more  than  two  weeks'  cold  wsather 
with  exhausting  the  present  supply  of 
coal. 

There  is  plenty  of  coal  in  the  Indiana 
mines.  The  cars  to  move  it  are  nearly  all 
in  the  South,  West  and  Northwest,  de- 
livering coal.  The  threatened  coal  famine 
thus  resolves  itself  not  into  a  question 
of  how  much  coal  can  be  produced,  but 
how  much  of  the  product  can  be  delivered. 
The  big  factories  and  other  large  con- 
sumers, the  traction  companies  and  pub- 
lic-service corporations,  have  on  hand  not 
more  than  two  weeks'  supply  of  coal; 
many  have  not  that  much.  Dealers  and 
large  consumers  that  buy  direct  from  the 
mines  report  it  next  to  impossible  to  get 
cral.  During  the  summer  months  when 
I  he  mines  of  neighboring  States  were 
closed  the  railroads  ran  their  cars  into 
the  Indiana  fields  and  drained  out  the 
supply  as  fast  as  it  was  produced.  Unless 


November  12,  '910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


987 


the  car  shortage  is  relieved,  which  is  not 
protable,  coal  prices  will  go  higher  than 
ever  before.  Chicago  depends  largely  on 
Indiana  for  coal  and  is  reported  short 
SO  cars  a  day  on  ordinary  orders. 

The  only  way  a  famine  can  be  avoided 
in  case  of  a  long  blizzard,  say  the  deal- 
ers, would  be  for  the  railroads  to  sus- 
pend other  traffic  and  haul  nothing  but 
coal. 


Pittsburg 

Nov.  8 — The    Lake   coal    movement   is 
II     about   over,    and    coal    is   more    plentiful 
in  consequence,  with  slightly  more  shad- 
ing   in    prices    from    the     regular     level, 
which   we  continue  to  quote   as   follows: 
Mine-run  and  nut,  SI.20r((  1.22;:;;   54-in., 
s  1 .30 (,i  1 .32 '  i ;   1  !4 in.,  SI .45 (a  1 .47 K'  and 
slack,  75r((82!/'C.  per  ton. 
1        Connellsville    Coke — The    market    has 
'    been  quite  upset  by  the  offering  of  sev- 
eral   large    tonnages   of   prompt    furnace 
coke    at    extreme    concessions,    down    to 
S1.30,  which  is  25c.  under  the  recognized 
market  of  a  fortnight  ago.    Some  of  these 
offerings  are  by  a  coke  interest  having  a 
customer  on  contract   for  this  half  year 
who  refuses  to  take  deliveries,  the   cus- 
tomer being  a  middleman  who  claims  the 
furnaces  to  which  he  sold  will   not  take 
the  coke.     The  offerings  by  the  coke  op- 
erator are  said  to  be  for  account  of  the 
buyer,  who  will   be  charged  the   differ- 
ence.    Other  offerings  are  by  coke   in- 
terests  having  surplus   coke   on   account 
of  the  blowing   out   of   furnaces,   partic- 
ularly  by   reason   of   the   Cambria   Steel 
Company  blowing  out  three  stacks.  There 
have  been   many   offerings  at   $1.40   and 
S1.35,  and   one   lot  of  5000  tons   is  said 
to  have  gone  at  S1.35.    The  contract  mar- 
ket for  next  year,  which  was  opening  up 
rather    slowly,     has    become     absolutely 
stagnant  by  reason   of  this  development 
in  the  spot  market.     Offerings  of  prompt 
foundry'  coke  are  also  made  at  new  low 
levels.       We     quote:     Prompt     furnace, 
M. 301/ 1.35;  contract  furnace   (nominal), 
-1.75;  prompt  foundry,  S1.75''</ 2.10;  con- 
tract   foundry,    S2.25''(/  2.50    per    ton    at 
ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  production  in  the 
Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ending  Oct.  29,  at 
347,896  tons,  a  decrease  of  3000  tons, 
and  shipments  at  3475  cars  to  Pittsburg, 
5672  cars  to  points  west  and  873  cars  to 
points  east,  a  total  of  10,020  cars. 


St.  Louis 

Nov.  7— The  market  this  week  has 
shown  considerable  improvement  alonR 
iomestic  lines.  The  weather  has  been 
Tisker  and  there  has  been  a  heavy  de- 
.Tiand  for  all  sizes  of  domestic  coal  local- 
y  and  from  the  country  districts.  Deal- 
TS  are  all  extremely  busy. 

The  embargoes  on  the  various  rail- 
•oads  are  still  keeping  the  price  of  coal 
town  locally.    The  Louisville  &  Nashville 


has  raised  the  embargo  as  far  as  re- 
stricting the  movement  of  cars  in  St. 
Louis  and  will  let  its  cars  go  practically 
to  any  points  in  the  switching  limits. 
The  Illinois  Central  on  the  other  hand 
shows  no  inclination  to  raise  any  of  its 
embargoes  and  operators  on  the  road  are 
begining   to   get   discouraged. 

The  tremendous  production  of  lump  coal 
has  finally  forced  the  market  on  fine  coal 
down  to  the  lowest  point  it  has  reached 
in  the  last  year.  Screenings  are  offered 
as  low  as  15c.  per  ton  at  mines,  while 
nut  and  pea  coal  are  as  low  as  60c.  per 
ton  at  mines.  Even  this  is  a  great  im- 
provement over  the  market  two  years 
ago,  as  screenings  were  then  given  away 
and  nut  and  pea  coal  were  sold  for  as 
little  as  25c.  per  ton  at  mines.  The 
screening  market  has  been  getting  better 
every  year,  owing  to  the  increased  use  of 
automatic  stokers. 

Quite  a  little  smokeless  coal  has 
moved  this  week  and  it  seems  to  be  com- 
ing into  great  favor  for  domestic  and 
apartment-house  use  here.  Smokeless 
appears  on  this  market  at  a  most  oppor- 
tune time,  owing  to  the  withdrawal  of 
the  Arkansas  anthracite  from  this  mar- 
ket this  year. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 

Illinois.  Standanl:  Mine,  l.oiiis. 

fi-in.  linnp  ami  egg SI. 60  S-'   1:; 

-i"    linnp 1.20  1.60 

Miti'-riin.    1.00  l..'i2 

Scn-i-niiius Cio  1.02 

TrcTitoli: 


6-iri.  lump  iind  cKC. 
:i-iii.  nut 


Staunton  or  Mi.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 

2-in.  lump 

.\linp-run 

Screening.s 

Cartervlllc: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 

.'i-in.  nut 

.Mine-run 

Screfiiings 

Porahontas  and  New  Kiver: 

l.uuip  or  egg 

.Minr-run 


2..-.0       3.02 
2  00       2.52 


1   KO  1 . 32 

l.T.i  2.27 

1    20  1.72 

0  60  1.12 


2.00  2.67 

■2.00  2 .  67 

1 .  2.".  1 .  92 

0.75  1.12 


2  .  25        4  .  75 
1.25        3.75 


Penns.vlvania  .Vnthracite: 

Nut.  stove  or  egg 

Grate 


6.95 

6.70 

.•irkan-sas  .Vnthracite: 

EggorCirate 2.35  5.35 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 5   10 

Cas  house .|   <)() 

.SiTiilhing .1,  15 

Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  below 
St.  Louis  quotations. 

Anthracite — The  market  has  been  very 

good  and  dealers  have  been  buying  free- 
ly.    Jobbers  and  wholesalers  report  that 

they  are  a  little  behind  on  orders  now 
for  all  sizes. 


foreigncqaltrade||aI| 


Chinese  Coal — The  report  of  the 
Chinese  Engineering  and  Mining  Com- 
pany for  the  year  ended  March  last 
shows  a  total  production  of  coal  from 
its  Kai-Ping  and  Linsi  mines  of  1. 369, .SO! 
long  tons:  an  increase  over  1908-0  of 
133,432  tons. 


United  States  oal  Exports — Exports 
of  coal  and  coke  from  the  United  States, 
with  coal  furnished  to  steamships  in 
foreign  trade,  nine  months  ended  Sept. 
30,  long  tons: 

19(19.  1910.       Changes. 

.Vnthracite 2.1U4,.')jr>      2,1»9,220      I.       94.1111* 

Bituminous 7,(:«-1.7M      8.133,788      I.  1,IW9,1):14 


Total  exports..  9.1'.I0,280    10,:«1,(K)8     I.  l.l:M,7i8 

Stonmor  coal *..i88.477      4,9II4,-J4'.I      I.     315, 77-2 

T..tiil.. 

i-dki. 


....  13.787,7.i7     15,2;)7,2.'>7      I.  1.44'.l..iOO 
CC7,4.)1  (»48,0C1     D.       T-VKH) 

Canada  took  this  year  7,763,603  tons 
of  coal,  or  75.1  per  cent,  of  the  total  ex- 
ports. Cuba  took  637,465  tons  of  coal. 
The  coke  went  chiefly  to  Mexico  and 
Canada. 

United  States  Coal  Imports — Imports 
of  coal  and  coke  into  the  United  States, 
nine  months  ended  Sept.  30,  long  tons: 

1909.  1910.     Changes. 

Antliiaclt.' 2.125  162     D.      1.963 

Bltumlncius 8(a,9U      l,4lr..944      I.  S54,u:«) 


Totnlcoal 865,039      1,417,106      1.5.52,007 

CokK l;n.2fi9  96,819    D.    34,4.->0 

Canada  furnished  this  year  1,205,800 
tons  of  coal  and  nearly  all  the  coke; 
Australia,  149,648  tons  of  coal;  Japan, 
51,484  tons  of  coal.  Imports  are  chiefly 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  in  the  far  north- 
western States. 

WelshCoa!  Trade— Messrs..  HuW, Ely  the 
&  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report  prices 
of  coal  as  follows  on  Oct.  29:  Best  Welsh 
steam  coal,  $3.90  seconds,  S3.66;  thirds, 
$3.48;  dry  coals,  $3.60;  best  Monmouth- 
shire, S3.48;  seconds,  $3.30;  best  steam 
smalls,  .S2.04;  seconds,  SI. 80.  All  prices 
are  per  long  ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  less 
2'/j  per  cent,  discount. 


~J|  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW   2Z 


A^cii'  yorAr,  Nov.  9 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  still  incline  to  the  waiting  con- 
dition, but  there  are  signs  of  improve- 
ment. Much  depends  on  the  price  ques- 
tion and  the  extent  to  which  the  more 
important  independents  follow  the  lead- 
ing interest. 

In  finished  material  business  in  the 
lighter  lines  continues  good.  Bars,  plates, 
pipe  and  other  articles  are  reported  ac- 
tive, while  jobbing  business  is  good. 
Structural  orders  are  falling  off,  but  that 
is  rather  to  be  expected  at  this  time  of 
year.  There  are,  moreover,  some  heavy 
contracts  under  discussion,  and  in  several 
of  these  the  price  question  will  be  an  im- 
portant one.  There  are  some  signs  of  the 
railroads  coming  into  the  market  sooner 
than  has  been  expected.  A  number  of 
inquiries  for  steel  cars  are  out.  and  or- 
ders for  rails  from  several  large  roads 
are  expected  to  materialize  soon. 

Tn  pig  iron  buying  has  been  rather 
better.  Foundry  iron  is  being  taken  more 
freely  in  Eastern  territory,  and  orders 
are  beginning  to  run  over  into  first- 
quarter  deliveries.  Most  of  these  ai^e 
taken  at  current  prices.     Basic  is  being 


988 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


bought  also,  but  there   is  more   difficulty 
over  prices. 

An  estimate  of  pig-iron  stocks  made  in 
,these  columns  two  or  three  months  ago 
was  much  criticized.  That  estimate  put 
unsold  and  unused  stocks  at  1,900,000 
tons.  Since  then  there  have  been  some 
curtailment  of  production  and  more  sales. 
Now  an  estimate  of  stocks  from  a  very 
conservative  authority  puts  the  total  at 
1,600,000  tons.  Allowing  for  the  changes 
niade,  this  seems  to  be  a  fair  corrobora- 
tion of  our  earlier  estimate. 

Lake     Superior     Iron       Ore— October 
shipments    of   iron   ore    down    the    Lakes 
amounted    to   4,877,441    tons.      The    total 
to  Nov.   1   is  39,978,308  tons.     November 
is  not  likely  to  show  over  2,000,000  tons. 
Steel  Rail  Prices— Ihe  steel  rail  mak- 
ers  with   the    coming   year   will   make    a 
change    in   the   method    of   quoting   steel 
rails,   though    it   will    involve    no   change 
in  the  prices.     The   new   quotations  will 
be  made  per  pound,  instead  of  per  long 
ton.     Bessemer  rails  are  now  quoted   at 
1.25c.  per  lb.,  which  is  exactly  the  equiv- 
alent  of   S28   per  ton   of   2240   lb.      For 
open-hearth  rails,  heretofore  $30  per  ton. 
the   market   price    is   now    1.34c.   per   lb. 
The    old    extras    are    retained.      For   lots 
less    than   500    tons    and    more    than    20 
tons,  bessemer  rails  are  quoted  at   1.34c. 
(formerly  S30)    and  open-hearth  rails  at 
1.43c.  ( formerly  S32).     For  lots  less  than 
20    tons,    bessemer    rails    are    quoted    at 
1.43c.    (formerly    S32|    and   open-hearth 
rails    at    1.52c.    (formerly    S34).      Prices 
per   pound    will   also    apply    in    the   case 
of  light  rails,  or  rails  weighing  less  than 
50  lb.   per  yard,  these   corresponding   in 
the  same  way  as  indicated  above,  to  the 
prevailing  prices  per  gross   ton   for  the 
respective  weights. 

Baltimore 

;Vor.  8 — Imports  for  the  week  includ- 
ed 1333  tons  ferromanganese  and  25  tons 
silicospiegel  from  Liverpool;  9410  tons 
cupreous  pyrites  from  Huelva,  Spain; 
21,300  tons   iron   ore   from   Cuba. 


ritory   and   a   good   demand.     There   is   a 
slight  improvement  in  steel  conditions. 

The  scrap-iron  market  continues  dull  in 
the  South. 


Chicago 

Nov.  8— Buying  of  pig  iron  continues' 
to    be    in    small    lots    widely    distributed. 
There    is   a   disposition   apparent,   on   the 
part  of  many  melters,  to  buy  more  closely 
to    their    apparent     needs    of    the     first 
quarter,  a  normal  tendency  as    the    cal- 
endar year  draws  to  a  close.     Inquiries 
are  still  being  made,  however,  on  a  liberal 
tonnage   for  the   first   half.     The    feeling 
seems    to    exist   pretty    generally    among 
users  of  pig  iron  that  prices  are  not  soon 
to  advance  with  production  so  capable  of 
expansion  beyond  its  present  curtailed  to- 
tal  Prices  of  No.  2  pig  iron  hold  to  $15.35 
rr,  15.85  for  Southern    (SIK./ 11.50  Birm- 
ingham)   and    $16fi/ 16.50    for    Northern, 
with  25c.f</  50c.  more  obtained  on  general 
first-half    deliveries    than    on    deliveries 
within  the  next  30  to  90  days.     There  is 
little  demand  for  quick-delivery  iron  ex- 
cept in  very  small  lots. 

Iron  and  steel  products  are  in  steady 
but  rather  light  demand  generally,  with 
the  tendency  toward  less  purchasing. 
Coke  is  in  less  demand  with  the  supply 
large  but  the  best  Connellsville  holding 
to  $4.90,  Chicago. 


Birmingham 
Nov.  7 — Inquiries  for  Southern  pig  iron 
are  of  such  a  nature  as  to  indicate  that 
business  is  meant.  The  manufacturers  are 
looking  forward  to  a  general  resumption 
of  buying  and   it   is  believed  that  imme- 
diately after  the  elections  there  will  be  a 
better  feeling  in  the  market.     The  sales 
so   far  this   month   have   been   in   small 
lots;  the  aggregate  is  not  very  extensive. 
There  is  a  little    accumulation    of    iron 
noted  again.    There  !s,  however,  a  firmer 
tone  to  the  quotations.  No.  2  foundry  be- 
ing sold  at  SIl.-'^O  per  ton  as  the  minimum 
price.     Some  furnace  companies  are  now 
declining   to  sell   iron   under  $11. -SO   for 
immediate  delivery  and  will  hardly  accept 
that  price  for  iron  to  be  delivered  during 
the  coming  year. 

There  is  no  cessation  of  operations  at 
the  cast-iron  pipe  plants  in  Southern  ter- 


Cleveland 

j^lop.  7 — Iron-ore  movement  continues 
to  slow  down.  The  October  statement 
is  not  yet  at  hand. 

Pig  Iron — Inquiries  are  in  for  some 
good  lots  of  foundry  and  basic  pig  for 
first-quarter  delivery.  There  has  been 
a  fair  run  of  short  orders,  mostly  small 
lots.  Quotations  show  little  change, 
bessemer  pig  being  $15.65^(7  15.90;  basic, 
S14rr(  14.15;  No.  2  foundry,  S14.25; 
forge,   $14;    all    Cleveland    delivery. 

Finished  /Maffna/— Business  is  better, 
especially  for  bars  and  small  material. 
Machine  shops  are  buying  m.ore  stock 
than    for   some    time   past. 

The  Carnegie  people,  it  is  said,  are 
meeting  jobbers'  quotations,  making  de- 
liveries from  their  Pittsburg  warehouses. 


from  before  long.  Offerings  of  Southern 
iron  are  more  frequent  but  the  sales  are 
unimportant.  Quotations  are  $16  for  No. 
2;  $15  for  basic;  $14.50  for  northern  and 
Southern  gray  forge. 

Steel  Billets — Contracts  for  billets  for 
first-quarter  delivery  have  been  closed 
at  50c.  over  prices  named  two  weeks  ago. 
Bars— Bars  are  dull  for  future  deliv- 
ery and  even  the  very  low  quotations 
of  two  weeks  ago  were  shaded  in  two  or 
three  cases.  Local  agents  claim  the  out- 
look  is   better. 

Sheets — The  only  encouragement  for 
the  week  has  been  the  placing  of  one 
or  two  good-sized  contracts  by  users  of 
sheet  iron  who  place  their  orders  during 
December.  Mill  representatives  report 
very  little  inquiry  outside  of  these  trans- 
actions. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Nothing  of  moment 
has  transpired  in  merchant  pipe  or  in 
tubes  and  agents  report  nothing  in  sight. 
Cast  pipe  conditions  continue  favorable. 
Plates — Interests  which  made  a  show 
of  contracting  for  supplies  early  in 
October,  but  who  withdrew  their  inquir- 
ies, have  reappeared,  placing  small  or- 
ders to  piece  out  work  during  the  early 
part  of  the  winter.  Mill  owners  know 
of  no  large  orders  for  immediate  consid- 
eration. 

Structural  Material — Current  orders 
are  chiefly  for  winter  building  require- 
ments in  New  England  and  middle  States. 
Bridge  material  for  spring  delivery  will 
be  wanted  in  case  the  present  intentions 
of  some  of  the  eastern  railway  systems 
meet  with   no    further  setback. 

Scrap— Dealers  are  not  loading  up 
with  more  material,  and  prefer  to  hold 
what  they  have  indefinitely  rather  than  to 
crowd  it  upon  a  poor  market  at  present 
prices. 


Philadelphia 

l\foi'.  9— A  round  dozen  sales  of 
foundry  and  malleable  pig  iron  have 
been  made  to  New  Jersey,  New  York  and 
New  England  buyers,  aggregated  an  en- 
couraging volume  of  business..  These 
sales  will  be  followed  next  week  or  soon 
by  additional  orders.  The  stipulation 
made  by  some  of  the  buyers  is  that  addi- 
tional orders  could  be  placed  before  the 
end  of  this  month  at  the  same  terms. 
Makers  of  forge  are  endeavoring  to  close 
business  for  next  quarter's  delivery  and 
in  a  few  cases  covering  second  quarter. 
Scarcely  any  business  of  this  kind  has 
been  closed.  Foundry  consumers  are 
gncerallv  short  of  iron  and  must  be  heard 


Pittsburg 

Nov.  8 — Business  has  been  lighter  the 
past  week  in  both  crude  and  finished 
products,  the  quietness  being  due  prob- 
ably to  the  election.  In  crude  products 
some  producers  have  been  less  anxious 
to  sell,  evidently  expecting  higher  prices 
after  the  election,  while  buyers  have  not 
been  willing  to  discount  any  improvement. 
In  finished  products  there  has  been  no 
important  change,  but  the  mills  are  feel- 
ing more  seriously  the  playing  out  of  ac- 
cumulations of  business  on  books. 

In  most  quarters  predictions  are  made 
that  with  the  election  out  of  the  way  and 
a  respite  from  political  uncertainties  busi- 
ness will  be  better,  and  the  purchases  of 
rails,  cars,  etc.,  recently  made  by  two  or 
three  railroads  are  expected  to  be  fol- 
lowed by  more  general  buying.  No  hei.^y 
railroad  buying,  however,  is  expected  in 
anv  quarter  before  the  new  year  is  well 
imder  way. 

Pig  Iron— The  Pennsylvania  General 
Electric  Company,  the  branch  of  the  Gen- 
eral Electric  Company  which  is  building 


November  12.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


989 


a  large  plant  in  Erie,  Penn.,  has  bought 
a  few  hundred  tons  of  bessemer  iron  for 
November-December  delivery  at  S15,  Val- 
ley, or  SI5.90,  delivered  Erie,  the  regular 
market,  while  it  is  asking  prices  on  (5000 
tons  of  Nos.  1  and  2  foundry  for  first- 
quarter  delivery.  The  Westinghouse  Air 
Brake  Company  yesterday  afternoon 
bought  7500  tons,  about  equally  divided 
between  gray  forge.  0.07  or  under  in  sul- 
phur and  1.50  or  over  in  silicon,  and  an 
iron  of  1  to  1.35  silicon,  under  0.20  phos- 
phorus and  under  0.04  sulphur.  The  latter 
iron  may  be  called  malleable,  basic  or 
off-basic,  according  to  choice.  Prices 
paid  are  not  known,  except  that  they  must 
have  been  rather  favorable  to  the  buyer, 
as  upon  the  first  submission  of  quotations 
it  was  given  out  that  no  iron  would  be 
bought  at  this  time.  Low  prices  on  basic 
iron  have  been  withdrawn,  furnaces  quot- 
ing nominally  S13.50,  Valley,  but  last 
sales  were  at  .513  and  it  remains  for  ac- 
tual inquiries  to  develop  whether  the 
market  has  scored  an  advance.  We  quote 
basic  nominal  at  S13^'i  13.50.  bessemer  at 
.■<15,  malleable  at  $13.25'</  13.75,  No.  2 
foundry  at  S13.75''((  14  and  forge  at 
S13.,S0r(/  13.75,  Valley  furnace,  freight  to 
Pittsburg  being  90c.  The  disposition  to 
exact  a  higher  price  for  first-quarter  de- 
livery than  for  prompt  has  largely  disap- 
peared. 

Ferromanganese — The  increased  firm- 
ness reported  a  week  ago  proves  to  have 
been  only  in  nominal  quotations,  for  upon 
actu  1  business  developing  sales  for  first- 
half  delivery  have  been  made  at  about 
S38.75,  Baltimore,  while  prompt  can  be 
had  at  S38.50.  We  quote  the  market  at 
this  range,  25c.  less  than  last  week. 
Freight  to  Pittsburg  is  S1.95  per  ton. 

Steel — The  market  has  been  almost 
stagnant,  and  not  enough  business  has 
been  done  to  develop  clear  prices.  It  is 
evident,  however,  that  bessemer  billets 
can  be  done  at  50c.  less  than  the  .S23.50 
given  a  week  ago.  We  quote,  Pittsburg: 
Bessemer  billets.  S23;  sheet  bars,  .S24.50 
^((25;  open-hearth  billets,  S24.50'((25; 
sheet  bars,  S25(<;  25.50;  rods,  S28.50r./ 
29  per  ton. 

Sheets — There  has  been  a  fairly  good 
volume  of  business  and  some  mills  are 
completely  filled  up  for  a  short  time. 
There  is  scarcely  any  shading  from  the 
prices  which  were  formerly  largely  nomi- 
nal: Black  sheets,  28  gage,  2.20c.;  gal- 
vanized, 3.20c.;  blue  annealed,  10  gage, 
1.65c.;  painted  corrugated  roofing,  .Sl,.60; 
corrugated,  S2.80  per  square. 


St.  Louis 

A'or.  7 — The  market  for  pig  iron  has 
improved  a  little  and  there  is  some  ac- 
tivity in  first-quarter  stuff.  The  spot 
market  is  quiet  with  a  few  orders  trick- 
1  ling  in  here  and  there.  The  current 
prices,  also  the  prices  for  first-quarter 
delivery,  remain  at  .SI  1.50  per  ton,  Birm- 
ingham, and  SI5.25,  St.  Louis. 


Foreign  Trade  of  the   United  States 


Iron  and  Steel — Exports  and  imports  of 
iron  and  steel  in  the  United  States  for 
the  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30  are 
valued  as  below  by  the  Bureau  of  Sta- 
tistics of  the  Department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor: 

l'J09.  I91U.  Changfls. 

Exports $113.'.l20.«f,0  tl4t!.'.lil,3na     I.$3.'i.003.44J 

Imports 2».K7il.98-2      :«).4:K),703     I.     9,r>.W,7-Jl 


Excpss,  exp.  $0:i.(M0.S:8  $115,4*4.590     I.$23,44;),721 

Increase  in  exports,  29  per  cent.;  in 
imports,  45.8  per  cent.  The  leading 
items  of  exports  and  imports  w-ere,  in 
long  tons: 


-Exports — 


-Impnrls  — 


D,4UU 


19119.  1910.  19IKI.          I'.llll. 

Pig  iron 4n.H17  83,8t'.2  9i),S23      17ll,l'.l."i 

Scrap 2:t,4«7  16.807  14.2(>:)        (w,467 

BlllPts.blooms.otc.    94,.'>94  14.1G2  11,844        Sfi.llit; 

Bars Gl,l)9;j  9:(.8C2  11.G62        31.212 

Ralls 189,781  2G3.782      ....             

Sheets  anil  plates..  124. 82G  204.1I5G  2.61>7 

Structural  steel r,8.433  ii4,.t52      

Wirc-roiis 1(I.G71  l.i,469  8.548 

Wire 199.194  122.38.';      

Nails  anil  spikes..    33,842  45.062      

Tiniilates G,825  8.395  44,388        63.802 

Pipe  and  ntllngs..  112.955  118,101      

Imports  of  wire  not  reported  in  quan- 
tities; the  values  were  SI, 496,935  in 
1909,  and  SI. 425,872  in  1910.  Imports  of 
structural  steel  and  rails  not  reported 
this  year. 

Iron  and  Manganese  Ore — Imports  and 
exports  of  iron  ore  in  the  United  States 
nine   months  ended  Sept.  30,   long  tons: 

r.109.  1910.      Changes. 

I  m  ports 1.1 19.331    1,999.917      I.     880.580 

Exports 3!I0.37.1       515.282      I.     154.909 

Of  the  imports  this  year  1,114,710  tons 
were  from  Cuba,  395,362  from  Spain, 
172,840  from  Sweden  and  120,311  tons 
from  Canada. 

Imports  of  manganese  ore  for  nine 
mouths  were  169,905  tons  in  1909,  and 
183,315  in  1910;  increase.  13,410  tons. 


i    METAL- MARKETS  In 


Neur  York,  Nov.  9 — The  metal  markets 
may  be  reported  this  week  as  showing  an 
improving  tendency;  though  there  arc  still 
weak  spots  here  and  there. 


Gold,  Silver  anti  Platinum 


l'MTf:D     ST-VTES     Ool.D     ANP     SlI.VRn     MOVI-:MKNT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold  : 

Sept.  1910.. 

tl.822.47G 

(  3.481.718 

Inip.»  1.C59.242 

"      1909.. 

7..-)4i;.442 

2.351.1.58 

Exp.      5.195,284 

Year  1910.. 

55.3181181 

45.971.504 

9,340..'i77 

■■       I'.KW.. 

97.272.834 

31.105,393 

"        CG.167,441 

silver: 

Sept.  1910.. 

4.S.'iO.340 

3,ll>2.117 

Exp.      l.fi7S,229 

•■      1909.. 

4.385..VI2 

3,201.397 

1.124,135 

Year  1910.. 

41.7G1.743 

32.907.887 

"         8.790.8.50 

"      1909.. 

43,289.110 

33.240,530 

"       10,048.686 

f'^xports  from  the  port  nf  New  York,  week 
enili'd  Nov.  .'i :  (;<d(].  .f  24IH) ;  silver.  $(iSK.'.)7(i. 
ihiell.v  to  London.  Imports:  Cold,  .$128.01."): 
silver.  .$1 14.4S.",.  from  Australia.  South  Amer 
lc.i    and    Mexico. 


Gold — Prices  of  gold  on  the  open  mar- 
ket  in   London   were  unchanged   at  77s. 


9d.  per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  5d.  per  oz. 
for  American  coin.  The  Bank  of  Eng- 
land is  taking  less  gold,  but  there  is  a 
demand   from  Germany  and   Egypt. 

P/a/i/j»m— Business  continues  good 
and  prices  are  firm  on  the  recent  advance. 
Dealers  ask  S38.75(?/  39.25  per  oz.  for  re- 
fined platinum;  S44((;  44,50  per  oz.  for 
hard  metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes, 
under  date  of  Oct.  27,  that  the  luarket 
is  strong  and  prices  have  again  advanced. 
The  reports  of  smaller  production  have 
been  confirmed,  and  it  is  known  that  the 
large  producers  have  only  light  stocks 
on  hand.  At  Ekaterinburg  crude  metal 
— 83  per  cent,  platinum — is  quoted  at 
8.30  rubles  per  zolotnik;  at  St.  Peters- 
burg, 32,000 r,/ 32,200  rubles  per  pood. 
These  prices  are  equivalent  to  S31.21  and 
$31.48   per   oz.,   respectively. 

Silver — Silver  has  been  fairly  steady 
for  the  past  few  days  with  very  little 
fluctuation.  Owing  to  the  dearness  of 
money,  spot  silver  is  at  a  discount  of 
l<i  to  ,'4d.  per  oz.  from  two  months  de- 
livery. 


SILVER    AN1>    STEIiLING 

EXCH.VNCE 

Tsov. 

3 

4 

5 

7 

8 

9 

New  York.... 
London  . 
Sterling  Ex.. 

56  Ji      55;, 

•2&y,    25  ^i 

4.8590  4.8590 

56 

25  7i 

4.8590 

5GJi 

26 

4.8550 

25« 

55« 

•i5|3 

4.8565 

New  York  (piotatious.  ceuts  per  ouuce  troy, 
line  silver;  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterllns 
silver,  0.925   fine. 

Owing  to  an  oversight  in  proofreading, 
the  price  of  silver  in  London  on  Oct.  29 
was  given  in  our  last  issue  at  26  11  I6d. 
It  should  have  been  25  11,  16d.,  the  same 
as  on  the  preceding  day. 

Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


Ni:w  YOltK 


Copper. 

Tlu. 

Lead. 

Zl 

10. 

^ 

iS  ^ 

.2 

ji^ 

.a 

Jri'2* 

.£ 

s- 

k~ 

O)-^ 

i:- 

> 

u 

.-a 

II 

H 

n 

^1 

li 

"r, 

u   . 

ft  ■ 

"J . 

fc  * 

53 

.22 

B 

m3 

»y 

£5 

\1\ 

12.66 

4.26  1    5.92J 

5. 77  J 

ISIV, 

r3)12.76 

3r>% 

4.40 

ffl4.30  jfH)5.n5 

®5.80 

nr, 

12.70 

4.25       5.92' 

5.77» 

4 

(Sviy. 

W12.76 

36H 

4.40 

fnH.30  ffi6.97jVs>5.825 

12  >, 

12.70 

4.25       5  92!      5. 77* 
rS>4.30  (a)5.97i  rn)5.82J 

5 

(SI  3 

ffll2.76 

SOX 

4.40 

)-'7< 

12.76 

4.25       5.95 

5.80 

7 

(S)13 

012.80 

36?,' 

4.40 

ffl4.;to  oc.uo 

(35.86 

4.25 

5.80 

8 

©4.30 

(S5.85 

V2% 

12.76 

4.26 

5.974 

5. 82  J 

!l 

rti)13 

ffll2  80 

36 '4 

4.40 

fSH.30  ISO.OO 

05.85 

The  New  York  quotations  for  electrolytic 
coiiper  are  for  cakes.  Ingots  and  \vireh*ai*s. 
■ind  i-epi'esent  the  bulk  of  the  Iransncilons 
made  with  cimsuiners.  hasis  New  Y'ork.  casli. 
The  prices  of  casting  copper  and  of  electrolytic 
cathodes  are  tisnnlly  it.l*2."ic.  Itelow  that'  of 
electrolytic.  The  (piototlons  for  lend  repre- 
sent wholesale  tran.sactions  In  the  open  mar- 
ket. The  ipiotallons  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  Western  brands :  special  hiands 
command    n    premium. 


990 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  !2,  1910. 


LONDON 


Copper.          '       Tin.        1 

Lpad. 

Zinc. 

s 

Spot. 

SMos 

Best 
Sel'td  Spot. 

3Mo8 

Spiiu-    orai- 
isb.    uaries. 

3 
4 
5 

7 
8 
9 

5758 

58^ 
58% 

G1>S   165  Ji 

166?i 
165K 

13A 

13>i 

•24 
•24 

58,', 
57% 

59X 

58  i  5 

61J4 
61  li 

166K 
166X 

166K 
166K 

13« 
13ft 

24 
24!.,' 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  <niota- 
tiims  on  London  Melal  lixchau^'e.  All  prices 
ai-e  in  pounds  sterlins  per  ton  nt  i;l4ii  10. 
l-.'liper  quotatii>ns  are  for  standard  cc.ppei, 
spot  and  three  months  .and  lor  best  se- 
lected price  lor  the  tatter  being  subject  to  A 
per  cent,  discount.  For  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  London  prices  in  pounds  slerlinfe 
per  ■^■'4U  lb.,  with  American  prices  m  cents 
per  pound  the  following  appioximate  ratios 
ire  given:  £10  =  2.17 '4c. :  i,12  =  -i.t.lc  ; 
£•'3  -  .-ic  ■    £60  =  i:'..04c.  +  £1  =    ±   0.21  ■■y^c. 


Copper— At  the  beginning  of  the  week 
of   Nov.   3-9   there   were   some   arbitrage 
transactions    in     electrolytic     copper    by 
speculators  who  took  advantage  of  the  po- 
sition   of   the    London    standard    market, 
which  amounted  to  a  fairly  large  volume. 
These    transactions,     along     with    rather 
large  buying  by  consumers,  both  domes- 
tic and   European,  advanced  the  market, 
and  on  Nov.  4  the  leading  interest  raised 
its  price   to    13c..  delivered,  usual  terms, 
which  price  has  since  been  asked  by  most 
of  the  agencies,  with  transactions  effect- 
ed    at     concessions     of     a     few     points. 
After     the      publication      of      the      sta- 
tistics  on   Nov.   7   there    was   a   resump- 
tion in  the  demand   from  manufacturers, 
both  domestic  and   foreign,  but  the   tone 
of  the  market  became  quieter,  there  being 
evidently    an    uncertainty    as   to   the   sta- 
tistics.    The  latter  are  reviewed  editorial- 
ly elsewhere  in  this  issue.     In  the  aggre- 
gate the  business  of  the  week  has  been 
large.    Lake  copper  has  also  moved  more 
freely  than  for  several  weeks  previously 
and   transactions    in    this    kind    of   metal 
have  been  made  at  an  advance,  but  the 
differential    with    respect    to    electrolytic 
copper  continues  to  be   smaller  than  us- 
ual.    At  the  close  Lake  copper  is  quoted 
at   127;^r«13c.,  and   electrolytic  in   cakes, 
wirebars    and     ingots    at     \2.1^(<i  12.80c. 
Casting    copper    is    quoted    nominally    at 
\2'Afii  12?8C.  as  the  average  for  the  week 
Copper  sheets  are   ISai  19c.    base    for 
large  lots.     Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.     Cop- 
per wire  has  been  advanced    '^c.  and  is 
now  1414  c.  base,  carload  lots  at  mill. 

The  standard  market  in  London  showed 
a  great  deal  of  buoyancy  up  to  Monday. 
The  figures  of  the  Producers'  Association 
made  an  unfavorable  impression  and  a 
slight  reaction  set  in  on  Tuesday,  from 
which  the  market  recovered,  the  close  be- 
ing cabled  at  £.S7  15s.  for  spot,  and  £58 
I3s.  9d.  for  three  months. 
Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 


the  week  were  5050  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  80  tons. 

Tin — The  London  market  did  not  dis- 
play any  special  feature  during  the  past 
week.  Transactions  decreased  in  volume 
and  fluctuations  in  violence.  The  close  is 
quiet  but  firm  at  £165  15s.  for  spot,  and 
£166  5s.  for  three  months. 

Outside  of  a  few  small  transactions  on 
the  New  York  Metal  Exchange,  trade  in 
this  metal  has  been  nil  so  far  as  this 
market  is  concerned.  Consumers  are 
not  willing  to  stock  up  at  the  present  high 
level,  and  buy  only  when  they  are  forced 
to  do  so  by  their  necessities.  At  the  close, 
November  tin  can  be  bought  at  about 
36 '4  cents. 

Lead-  -The  market  is  unchanged  at 
4.40c.  New  York,  and  4.25'''/ 4.30c.  St. 
Louis. 

Business  abroad  is  not  quite  as  heavy 
as  it  has  been,  but  prices  so  far  have  been 
well  maintained,  the  close  being  steady 
at  £13  3s.  9d.  for  Spanish  lead,  and 
£13  6s.  3d.   for  English. 

Spelter— \n  view  of  the  singular  posi- 
tion in  which  this  metal  finds  itself,  pro- 
ducers take  a  very  independent  attitude 
and  refuse  to  sell  but  moderate  quan- 
tities at  any  one  price.  There  is  enough 
business  to  satisfy  everybody  and  as  a 
lesult  there  has  again  been  a  steady 
advance  throughout  the  week,  the  close 
being  strong  at  5.80r.(  5.85c.  St.  Louis, 
and  5.95f'/6c.   New  York. 

The  London  market  is  unchanged  at 
£24  2s.  6d.  for  good  ordinaries,  and  £24 
7s.   6d.   for  specials. 

Zinc  dust  is  quoted  at  6'^c.  per  pound. 
Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.75  per 
100  lb.,   f.o.b.   La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

Zinc  smelters  in  Kansas  and  Oklahoma 
are  beginning  to  receive  trial  lots  of  the 
recently  discovered  Leadville  calamine. 
This  ore  appears  to  run  30-40  per  cent, 
zinc  and  to  be  of  fair  smelting  quality. 

The  number  of  retorts  now  in  opera- 
tion at  lola  is  7236  out  of  the  total  of 
25,524. 


S45  for  domestic  orders  and  S2  less  for 
export.  The  London  price  is  lower,  at 
£8,  with  £7  15s.  asked  by  jobbers. 

Imports  and  Exports  of  Metals 

Exports  and  imports  of  metals  in  the 
United  States,  nine  months  ended  Sept. 
31,  are  reported  as  follows,  in  the  meas- 
ures usual  in  the  trade: 


Metals :  E.xports. 

Copper,  long  tons  •2'21,4.52 

Coi. per,  1909....  234,IWK 

Tin,  lung  tons.. . .  ^>i*^ 

Tin,  1909 :«9 

Lead,  short  tons.  4K,5^^ 

Lend,  1909 70,->73 

Spelter,  sh.  tons.  1,494 

Sp.-lU-r,  1909....  2,^279 

Nickel,  lb 

Nickel,  1909 


Iiupt)rts.  Excess. 
111,644  Exp.  1(19,S118 
'.I'.i.'.ld'.l  Exp.  1:M,1K9 
:i.-t;r.s2  Imp.  :!.■>. i:i3 
:i2.717  Imp.  ;i2,:t88 
sii,'.i47   Imp.      ;i2.213 

K2,7-iS    Imp.        12,4.i5 

2.139   Imp.        i.'Ua 

7,437   Imp.         S,158 

10,'247,369  •24.182.720  Imp.l3,93,'j.3Cl 
..  8.500.:i'28  14.477..')H1    Imp.  .5.977.-2.i3 


.372  Imp.  K, 11114. r40 

7;2.V2.4M1I  Imp.  7,'24.T,.'<32 

S7,r.21  Imp.      K7.I121 

S3.177  Imp.       83,177 

Exp.   $.174,144 

Exp.     373,821 


Antimony,  lb 2,720 

Antimony,  1909.  li,iJ48 
Platinum,  oz 

Platinum.  1909.   ..     ..  . 

Aluminum,  value  $.>74.144 

Aluminum.  1909     373.821 

Ores.  etc.  : 

Zinc  oxide,  lb.  .  .19,978.402     Exp.19.978.402 

Zinc  oxide,  '09.. 21,303,659     Exp.21,303.r,.-)» 

Zinc  dross,  lb....   7,7.i0.'239      Exp.  7,7.5I1.'239 

Zinc  dross. '09..12,658,4'24      Exp.l2.U.W.4'i4 

Zinc  ores.  Ig. tons        13,!-v28  52,178  Imp.        38.i;50 

Zinc  ores,  1909.          9,092  80,105  Imp.        71.013 

Antim'y  ores,  lb 

Ant    ores   1909.              oOi  3,386.708  Imp.  3.386.204 

Chr.une  ore, tons               30  32,250  Imp.        32.'>'20 

Chrome  ore.  '09              30  ■29,182  Imp.       29,1.52 

Copper,  lead  and  nickel  (and  antimony 
from  Aug.  5,  19091  include  the  metal 
contents  of  ores,  matte,  bullion,  etc.  The 
exports  given  include  reexports  of  foreign 
material.  Zinc  contents  of  ore  imported 
in  1910  were  37,805,159  lb.;  not  reported 
prior  to  date  of  new  tariff.  Quantity  of 
antimony  ore  is  not  reported  from  Aug. 
5,  1909,  only  metal  contents  being  given. 
Im.ports  of  aluminum  are  not  reported. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 

Platteville,  Wis.,  Nov.  5 — The  base 
price  paid  this  week  for  60  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  was  $44.50(5/45  per  ton;  no  premium 
paid  over  the  base.  The  base  price  paid 
for  lead  ore  was  S52  per  ton. 


sini':Mi"Nrs.  wi-^kk  ended  nov 

C'amps. 


Other  Metals 

.4/um/num— Early  in  the  week  sales 
were  made  at  22' jC,  but  the  market  has 
since  strengthened  in  sympathy  with  ad- 
vances abroad,  and  today  no  aluminum  is 
available  at  less  than  23c.  per  lb.  for  No. 
I  ingots.  There  is  a  rumor  that  some  sort 
of  understanding  has  been  established  be- 
tween the  American  producer  and  some 
leading  foreign  concerns. 

Antimony — Business  is  still  light.  Cook- 
son's  is  quoted  at  8r„8'<c.  per  lb.;  while 
iyi((iiy^c.  is  asked  for  U.  S,,  and  lVf.(a 
7"'^c.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver— l\\e  market  shows  a  good 
demand.  New  York  quotations  are  S45 
per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  lots,  $46r,/ 
47    for    jobbing   orders.      San    Francisco, 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 

Mineral  Point 1,792,040 

Platteville 543,030 

Benton 484.110 

Galena 411.300 

cui.acity 344,980 

Barker 231,865 

Highland 192,^200 

Lin.ien 59,'290 

Livingston 

Sbullsburg 

Total 

Year  t"  date 


Lead 
ore,  lb. 


Sulphur 
ore,  lb. 


6(i,600 


80,000 
88,000 


485.400 


76,610 


.   4,058,805        •2:14,500       562,0)0 
,  95,:157,759    8,510,484  ■22,779,810 


Shipped    during    week    to    separating 

plants,  3,106,145  lb.  zinc  ore. 

]oplin.  Mo.,  Nov.  5- The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week  was 
S49,  the  base,  S44r,(46.vS0  per  ton  of  60 
per  cent.  inc.  Zinc  silicate  ore  sold  on 
a  base  of  S24ri(26  per  ton  of  -tO 
per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silicate  ore  sold  on 
grades  of  zinc  ore  was  S42.48,  The  high- 
est price  paid  for  lead  ore  was  S53  and 
the  average  price  of  all  grades  was 
S52.54  per  ton. 


November  12,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


991 


The  zinc  market  was  stronger  this 
week  than  the  base  price  really  shows, 
as  there  was  very  little  ore  sold  under  a 
S45  base,  whereas  the  high  base  for  the 
week'  only  shows  an  increase  of  50c. 
over  last  week.  There  was  another 
shortage  of  cars  this  week  or  the  ship- 
ment would  have  been  considerably 
larger. 

SlIIl'MKNTS.  WKKK  KXIIED  NOV.  .". 

Zinc'  II).  Lead  lb.!  Value. 


Wphb  iliy-Oaitervllle 

Joplin 

Galnua 

.Vlba-Seck 

Dueuwpg 

Carthage 

Jackson 

Quapaw 

Spurgeon 

Granby  

Miami 

Sarcoxio 

Auriira 

CaiiJunctlon 

Ontnogo 

Ash  Grove 

Totals 


.■i.l7.'i.filH) 

2.J0:)..^)90 

1.119..'.10| 

1.1(IK.470; 

4NS.'.1HI)| 

:t2J,H;Mi 
:il4.ii.50 
:i2r...-i70 
:i72.4M) 
2:!r,.6lol 
:)iiil.770 
■24:t.420 
272.100 
1411.780 
65,460 


5ii:i,i;o« 

208.;i90 
79.230 


'.1,480 


2C.,300 
.52.930 


12,686,210 


37,(X)0 


$128,698 

.5.i.llHI 

2B.688 

26,603 

8,960 

7.425 

6,997 

6,S11 

5,221 

4,800 

4,448 

4,283 

4,288 

3,237 

1,014 

962 


976,930     $295,185 


45  WPoks oU4,7.i5.69U  72.090.40(1  $11,844,791 

Zinc  value,  the  week,  $269,511  ;   45  weeks,  $9,977,961 
LeaU  value,  ttie  week,     25.674  ;  45  weeks,    1,867,830 


MOXTIII.V   AVERAGE   PUICES. 


Mouth. 


January 

Februarj-... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . 

October 

November. . 
December. . 


Base  Price.     All  Ores 


Tear $43.98 $41.20; $54.60 


1909.     1910. 


$52. 
50 
50 
65 
66 
,57 
63 
67 
56. 
65 
53. 
65 


$.56.99 
53.  r4 
.51.26 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48.59 
49.75 
54.73 
S3. 18 


NoTK — t'nder  zinc  ore  the  first  two  col- 
umns give  bnse  prices  for  GO  per  cent,  zinc 
nre :  the  second  two  the  average  for  .all  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  average  tor 
nil    ores   sold. 


CHEMICALS 


New  York,  Nov.  9 — The  general  mar- 
ket shows  no  great  change,  but  the  ten- 
dency appears  to  be  toward  greater 
firmness. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  continues 
steady,  but  not  specially  active.  Prices 
are  unchanged,  at  S4  per  100  lb.  for  car- 
load lots  and  S4.25  per  100  lb.  for  small- 
er orders. 

Arsenic — Business  has  been  fair  and 
prices  are  unchanged,  S2.25''</ 2.50  per 
100  lb.  being  asked  for  white  arsenic. 

Potash  Salts— Reports  from  Washing- 
ton are  that  the  German  government  has 
rejected  all  the  proposals  made  by  the 
American  representatives,  and  insists  that 
the  new  law  regulating  production  of  pol- 
ish salts  and  taxing  exports  must  be  en- 
forced. 


.  Nitrate  of  Soda — Trade  continues  fair 
and  prices  are  steady,  at  2.12K'C.  per  lb. 
for  spot,  and  2.15c.  for  futures. 

Messrs.  Mortimer  &  Wisner,  New  York, 
report  the  position  of  nitrate  in  the  United 
States  on  Nov.  1  as  follows,  in  long  tons: 

1909.        1910.     Changes. 

stocks.  Jan.  1 9.140      14,fKX)      I.       4.860 

Imports.  10  mos 282.3.50    377.285      I.     04.935 

Total  supplies 291,490    391,285      I.    99,705 

Deliveries,  10  mns 275,440    369.215      I.    93.775 

Stocks.  Nov.  1 16,050      22,070      I.      G.020 

Afloat  tor  U.  S 80.000    100,000     I.    20,OOC 

Quantities  reported  afloat  include  all 
cargoes  due  to  arrive  at  United  States 
ports  before  Feb.  15  next. 

Imports  and  Exports — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  chemicals  and  raw  materials  in 
the  United  States,  nine  months  ended 
Sept.  30: 

Imports.  Exports.      Excess. 

Bleach,  lb 72,:i6I,:t81  496  I.    72,3(iO,S85 

Bleach,  1909....    r,4.:i30.K38  13,'.K)4   I.    64,316,874 

Potash  salts,  lb. .  :f90.U28.l)09  2.II3{J,.565   1.396,997,534 

Potash  salts, '09  273,000.227  2,226,168   I.  270,8M,0.59 

Soda  salts,  lb 23.279,095  383.405   I.    24,895,690 

Soda  salts,  1909    11,898,711  611,305   I.    11,:)87,406 

Acetate  lime,  lb 49.477,771   I.    49,477,721 

Acetate,  1909 63,777,5.57   I.    .53,777.,557 

Nit.  of  .soda,  tons         :I92,660  4.366   I.         388,194 

Nitrate.  1900...         282.801  6,4r,0   I.         276,:«1 

Phosphates,  tons          10,277  804,156  E.        703,879 

Phosphates,  '09             6,077  821.333  E.         815,2.50 

Sulphur,  tons....           25,235  27,9.52  E.             2,717 

Sulphur.  1909..           20,912  26,094  E.             5,182 

Pyrites,  tons (;08,618    I.         r,08,61> 

Pyrites,  1909,  ..  511,7.50    I.         511,750 

Maglu<8lte,  lb....  203.037,828  3,326,662   1.200,611.166 

Magnesite.  1909    40,107,385  ;120,975   I.    39.786.410 

Sul.  Ammonia. lb.  121.116,192    1.121,116,192 

Sul.  Am'liln.'OO    69.594,:t76    I.    59..594,376 

Exports  include  reexports  of  foreign 
material.  Figures  for  magnesite  not  re- 
ported prior  to  .(uly  1,  1909;  imports 
above  for  1909  are  for  two  months  only. 
Estimating  sulphur  contents  of  pyrites, 
the  total  imports  of  sulphur  in  1910  were 
268,682  tons. 


Petroleum 

Burma  Hetroleum — The  production  ol 
petroleum  in  Burma,  which  began  with 
4,641,308  gal.  in  1890,  rose  to  49,441.- 
734  gal.  in  1900;  to  173,402.790  gal.  in 
1908.  and  to  230,396,617  gal.  last  year. 


I^ll  MINING -stocks] [S 


New  York,  Nov.  9 — The  general  stock 
markets  have  shown  no  decided  tendency 
and  the  professional  operators  who  have 
made  most  of  the  trading  seem  to  have 
been  waiting  for  election  results.  Ad- 
vances were  recorded  in  a  few  special- 
ties like  Reading  and  United  States  Steel; 
but  other  changes  were  small. 

On  the  Curb  the  copper  shares  were 
favored  by  the  decrease  In  stocks  in 
October,  but  did  not  respond  to  any 
great  extent.  Nevada  gold  stocks  were 
rather  heavy.  The  Cobalts  were  active  and 
rather  strong.  Cobalt  Central  leading 
with    large   sales. 

A  small  sale  of  Homestake  was  record- 
ed during  the  week,  at  S85  per  share. 


Boston,  Nov.  8 — Copper  stocks  con- 
tinue to  hold  a  strong  tone,  although  the 
market  has  been   a  preelection   one   for 


the  past  few  days.  Public  interest  in  min- 
ing shares  is  increasing  as  the  larger 
volume  of  trading  on  the  Exchange  at- 
tests. Commission  houses  have  been  doing 
a  fair  amount  of  business  and  report 
good  buy'ing  orders  just  under  the  market. 
The  Cole-Ryan  stocks  such  as  North 
Butte  and  Calumet  &  Arizona  are  ma- 
terially higher  for  the  week  as  are  the 

CorrEl!    I'KODICTKIN    KEl'UKTS. 
t*oi)per  contents  of  blister  copi>er.    in  pounds. 


Company. 

Septem- 
August.         ber. 

October. 

Aiuiconda 

.Arizona.  Ltd 

'2.620.0(H) 

22.200.000 
2,672,0IHJ 
nil 

'>  IH',1    -too 

22,100.000 
3,IM14.1K)0 

Boleo  (5Ie\lco). 

2  039  5"'0 

Copper  yuoen 

7,796,.550|     6,903,769 
2  560  IHMIi     2  .5:15  000 

7,060,790 

Cananea  (Mexico).. 
Detroit 

3,626.000 
2.100,000 

3.565,(MI0 

2,128,1X10 

625.H40 

3,576,000 
1,757,836 

400,(HKI;       nil 



l,63b,2(«]     2,211.435 
6,052,6211     5.151,208 
2.603,IKKI      2,262,000 
1,546,000,     1,418,000 
2.,520,IHKI      2.125.000 

Mammoth 

Moctezuma  (Mex.). 

Y.Viii'.iog 

Old  Dominion 

2.345,000 

1.286,000 

Superior  i  Pitts.. . . 

Utah  Copper  Co 

Uutte  District 

Lake  Superior 

7,440,035 
23,760,0(KI 
18,800,000 

7,077,036 
16,700,000 

18,5(K),000 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars.  etc.. 

85,473,949 
13,324.788 

79,628,571 
24,303,860 

Total  blister 

Deduct  Can.  &  Hoc. 

98,798,727 
5,1.56.204 

103,932,4:10 
5,776,435 

Net  blister  rep. . . 
Imp.  in  ore  &  matte 

93,642.,523 
13,031,254 

98,155,995 
6,782,067 

100,673.777 

lUitte  district  and  Lake  Snporior  ligiiros  are 
t'stiniati'd  :  otliors  aro  rppnrts  received  from 
coinpani^'s.  Imports  diipllcjitc  product  Inn  of 
("anancn.  and  tliat  part  of  I'npper  Queen  pro- 
duction which  comes  from  Nacozarl.  Rolco 
copper  rlops  not  come  to  American  i*etinei*s. 
I'tah  CoppPi'  report  inclndps  tlie  otitpnt  of 
ihe  Hoston  mill.  Hiitte  district  production  for 
September  is  piven  under  Anaconda  and  East 

r.uttp. 


STATISTICS    OK   rOIM'RII 


Mouth. 

United 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

XI    1909 

121,618,360 
117,828,(>65 

66,857,873 
69,519,501 

65,266,696 
60,546,670 

SIX 

Year 

1,405,403,050 

705,051,691 

680.042,620 

I.  1910 

II 

116,547,287 
112,712,403 
120,067,467 
117,477,6,30 
123,242,476 
127,219,188 
118,:t70,003 
127.80:1,618 
119,519,983 
126,469,284 

78,158.387 
66,618,:i22 
62,844,818 
67,985,951 
69,305,222 
53,:t63,196 
.56,708,175 
67,7:11,271 
64,,5II1,018 
67,814,172 

81,691,672 
37  :H'>9  518 

Ill 

40,.5S,5,767 

31  ;i:v>  434 

IV               .     . 

V 

45.405,400 

VI 

VII 

59,4117,167 
61,8;)1,780 
75,106,496 
68,186,912 

VIII 

IX 

X 

VISIBLE  Stocks, 

Duitod 
states. 

Europe. 

Total. 

\I.  1009 

XII 

I,  1010 

II 

Ill 

163,l>0<).626 
163.003.627 
141,766,111 

98,463,:i:i9 
107,187,902 
123,824,874 
141,084.1.59 

1  160,42.5.973 
16M.;i8li.»17 

'  17H.t',40,);7H 
1IW..S81,245 
148,703,714 
130,261,914 

222,566,400 
236,857,r,00 
244,204,800 
248,236,800 
2.54.1.50,400 
240,625, IHK) 
246,870,400 
2:10.142,400 
2;I2.802,8(H) 
222.320,(HIO 
218,444,800 
211.276,800 
108,060,800 

376,076,026 

.389,861,127 
:)85,970,911 
346,7IHI.139 
:t61,:i:t8.392 
:i73. 460.474 
:t88.8.54.669 

IV 

V 

VI     

:)99,5(W,37S 
401,278,817 
:i92,96llj678 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X                ..,     , 

3rrf).070,5I4 
:«7.:i22.7H 

XI 

Fit:ures  ar<'  In  p<tnnds  of  line  copper.  V.  S. 
proilnclion  includes  all  copper  rt'Iini'd  In  this 
country,  both  from  domesllc  and  imported 
niati'rial.  Visible  slocks  nre  those  reported 
on  the  tlrst  day  of  each  month,  as  brought 
over  from   the  precedlnp  month. 


992 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  12,  1910. 


Amster  stocks,  particularly  Shannon. 
Granby  had  a  S5.50  spurt  one  day,  but  no 
news  accompanied  the  advance.  Lake 
Copper  is  selling  around  S40  and  the 
rights  touched  75c,  East  Butte  has  been 
notablv  strong,  selling  up  to  $11.8/'-. 
Superior  &  Pittsburg  has  been  another 
notably  strong  issue. 

Trading  on  the  Curb  has  been  of  fairly 
good  volume  and  prices  have  been  strong 
in  the  main.  Inspiration  and  Mason  Val- 
ley have  been  conspicuously  active  while 
First  National  has  been  heavy  and  frac- 
tionally lower.  A  S6  break  in  Calaveras 
Copper  stock  to  a  low  of  S2.25  was  the 
Curb  feature.  This  stock  sold  up  close 
to  Sn  a  short  time  back.  The  sharp 
break  was  due  to  the  dissolution  of  the 
pool,  Nov.  1,  and  the  throwing  over  of 
accounts. 


TIN    Al-    NT.W    YORK 

Month. 

1909. 

1910.  1 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Jainiary  . . . 
February . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28.0(50 
2S  290 
2S.T27 
2',l.415 
29  225 
29.322 

32 .  700 
32  9211 
32  i03 
32  97(1 
33.12.T 
32.709 

July 

August 

Septpmher. 

Oct. .bur 

November.. 
December. . 

Av  Tear.. 

29.125 
29.9GB 
30.293 
30.476 
30.859 
32.913 

32.r,9.i 
33.972 
34.982 
•X.VM) 

29,72.n 

SAX  FRANCISCO. 


Nov.  8. 


Name  ot  Comp. 


Clg. 


in   cenls  per  pi 


Hind. 


I.KAD 


A-ssessi»ieiit!4 


Company. 


Bi"  Cottonwood  l>->n..  Utah.  Nov. 
Bonanza  Mt.  Copper  Ida  . .  JSov. 
copper  (^uecn  M.  &  M..  Ida.]Oct. 

Gold  springs.  Utah Nov . 

Gray  Copper.  Ida 'Nov. 

Hypoth.ek,  Ida. . . ..  ••••■■■  ^"^■ 
Ida  Belcher  M.  &  M  Wa. .  Nov. 
Ida.  Copper  M.  Ltd.,  I<ia.. . .  No\ , 

Laclede.  Ida 

Little  Mint.  Ida 

Mex.Con.M.  &M 

Mineral  Farm,  Ida 

Mosco^^-Bonanza.  Utah. . . 

National  CM 

Powhatan  M.  Co.,  Ida 

Reindeer  C.  &  G-.  Ida 

Silver  Mt.,  Ida 

Springfield,  Ida 

Temple,  Ida ••",■■■ 

Trans.-cont.  S.  &  C.  Ida., 

Western  Star,  Ida 

Wilbur  Min.  Co,,  Ida 

Yankee  Cons.,  Utah 


Sale.    I  Ami. 


Mouth. 


January  — 
February,.. 

Mai-ch 

April 

May 

June 

July 

,\ugu.st 

September 
October.... 
November. 
December. 

Tear...    . 


New  T'lrk. 


St.  Louis. 


1909. 


4.1 
4.  Ills 

3  ysi 
4.10** 
4.2H7 

4  351 
4.321 
4,303 
4.34: 
4  341 
4.37 
4 . 5(50 


1910, 


4 .  7011 
4  013 
4.459 
4.371 
4.31.' 
4.34; 
4.104 
4  4111' 
4  4111 
4,4111 


1909, 


4 .  025 
3.  SOS 
3.S35 
4  051 
4.214 
4.291 
4  IS^ 
4  227 
4.21.1 
4  21.'' 
4. '252 1 
4 . 4.'i9 


1910, 


Loudon, 


1909, 


4..5S: 
4.44. 
4.311 
4. '22 
4.104 
4. '21 17 
4, -291 
4  ■2'.iil 
4  2S9 
4 


13  113 
13.313 

13  4;;s 

13-297 

l:).'2-J.'i 

13  1i;U 

12  .-.l-) 
12,475 
r2.7Sl 
13,17 

13  114 
13,12 


1910. 

13,050 
13,3'2S 
l;i  I«'i3 
12,041 
12,5,50 
12  OSS 
12, 531 
12,513 
12  582 
13,091 


OOMSTOCK  STOCKS 
Alta 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher.. 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con.. 

ChoUar 

Confidence 

Con.  cal.  &  Va.. 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Mexican 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket 


i.lO 

{.60 
..30 
.15 
.17 

J. 06 

1.0-2i 
.55 
.10 
.18 

i.n 

.42 
l.'2o 
.30 
.35 
.13 
.19 
.■28 
.49 


Name  of  Comp.      Bid. 


MISC.  NEV.  &CAL. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  'iind  Con . , . 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 
Oro 

Red  HUl 

Silver  Pick.. . . , 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con.. 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka 

So.  Eureka 


4.70 

.03 

.30 

.27 

.20 

.05 

.53 

.12 

.07 

.13 

.■29 

.28 

.06 

.OS 

,06 

t.l6 

.02 

11.00 

{1.45 

I {5.75 


N.  Y.  EXCH. 


Nov.  8     BOSTON  ESCH.     Nov.  8 


Name  of  Comp. 


4.153 


13.049 


Clg. 


Nov.  30*0.001 
Dec.  17j  0.001 
Nov.  15    0.003 

0.10 

Dec.  10  O.iiOl 
15  Dec.  8|  0.007 
15!Dec.   10  0.0ir2i 


New 
<  inlon 


and 

Ills    J 


SI     T.onis,    cents   pe 
lerlilij;  per   long  ton 


ind. 


. .  Oct. 
. .  Oct. 

..Nov, 

, .  Nov. 

..  Nov. 

. .  Oct. 

.  .  |Sept. 

..Oct. 

...Oct. 

..Oct. 

..lOct. 
Nov.  ^24 
Oct.  '29 
Nov.  1 
Nov.     3 


Dec. 

Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


22 


4 
31 

15 
12 
15 
■22  Nov.  14 


Nov.  23 
Dec.  1 
Nov.  '23 


0.003 

0.01 

0.003 

1.00 

0  003 

0.005 

0.003 

0.001 

0.005 

0.002 


Nov.  30  O.OOl* 
Nov.  '221  0.002 
Dec.  I5I  0.002 
Nov.  19  0.0001 
Dec.  l|  * 
I  0.02 


Sl'EI.' 

l-ER 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

19111. 

Jauuary 

February — 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

Noveinbei'.. . 
December. . . 

5,141 
4,SS9 
4.757 
4.905 
5,1'24 
5 ,  402 
5,402 
5 , 7-29 
5 ,  796 
6.199 
G.3KI 
1;  249 

U.lOl 
5,.il'.9 
5,l'.37 
5  439 
5  191 
5 , 1'2S 
5,1.52 
5, '279 
5  .514 

s.ias 

4.991 
4.739 
4.007 
4.815 
4.974 
5 .  252 
^.■2.52 
5.579 
5.646 
6.043 
6.^231 
6.099 

5.951 
5.419 
0.487 
5. '289 
5.1U1 

4  .  978 

5  002 
5. 129 
5.364 
5.47S 

21. 4^25 
■21., 562 
21.438 
21, 531 
21,975 
22  111  10 
2\    '.li;9 
■22   I'J.-. 
22  900 
•23. '2011 
■23.1SS 
23.094 

23.350 
23 . 188 
■23.1131 
22  409 

22  mil 

22  094 
■22  4111; 
■J  J   81  lU 
■23. 105 
23.900 

Year 

5.503 

5.352  

■22.^201 

Amalgamated 

.Am.  Agri.  Chem.. 
Am.Sm.4Bef.,com 
Am,  Sm,  *;Ket.,pt. 

Anaconda 

BethlehemSteelpf 
Col.  ScHock.C.  &  I. 
Federal  M.  &  S... 

Goldlield  Con 

GroatNor.,orectf. 

Homestake 

NafnalLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Consid 

PittsliurgCoal.... 
EepulilicIiS.com. 
Kepuldic  I  &  S,  pf. 
SlossShefl!'d,com. 
Sloss  Sheffield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper' 

Utali  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va,  ('ar.  Chem 


70%  I 
46 

8i;il 
1116 

{12  ; 

t'V4. 
je    1 

48)^ 
S'v 

(>OJ.i 
{86  >4 

60>jl 
107% 

21'. 

■21 '4 

35  ;i 

99 1. 

52;4, 
{116 

38 

soy, 

81 '4 
118 
63  V4 


Name  of  Comp. 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Nov.  8 


■»I<.iitlilv  AveroKe  Prices  «f  Met 

sii.\'i:i: 


New    York   and    St.    l.oius. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per 


cents   per  poun 
long  ton. 


I'RICES    OF    PIC    IKON    AT    IMTTSHrltC 


Jlonth. 


January 

February  — 

March 

April 

May 

J  une 

July 

August 

September.. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 


New  York.  I    London. 


1909.  1910.  1909, 


,51  7.50  52. 375, -23. 843 

•24,154 

.51  472  51.534 

23  706 

■23,794 

50.468  51,454 

23 ,  ^227 

■23,690 

51,4^28.53,^221 

23,7118 

24  483 

1909. 


.52  905  53,870 '24.343  ■24.79T 
.52  538  53.462:'24.160;24.651 
,51  043,54.1.50!'23.519h25  0.34 
51  r25.52  912 '23  588 '24. 4^28 
5l'440. 53. ■295  •23.743^24. 567 
50  9-23  .55,490  ■23,. 5112 '■25. 596 

.50.703 ■23. ■.151 

62.-2'26' ['24.030 


Total. 


,51.51W 23.706 


January.. . . 
February . . . 

March 

.April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . 

October 

November. 
December. 


i$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
15.79 
15.77 
16.13 
10.40 
17,16 
18,44 
19,76 
19,90 
19,90 


1910. 


No.  2 
Foundry. 


1909.    1910. 


J19  90  $16.40 
]8.90l  16.09 
18.53 
18. '28 


New    York,    cents    per    fine 
nenie    per    standard    oiiiue. 

<-oi-n-:u. 


ounce :    London, 


Year . 


$17.46 


17.10 
16.52 
16,4(1 
10  09 
15,92 
15,90 


15.84 

15.05 

15.02 

15.84 

15  90 

16.1 

16.80 

17.84 

18.37 

18.15 


$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 
14 
U.05 


1909. 


$16.46 


$16.26 
15.90 
15.6: 
16.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15  96 
16. '20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 


1910. 


$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15. 53 
15.40 
15  16 
14.93 
14.88 


$16.40 


January 

Pebruary.. . 

Marili 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November. 
December . 


NEW  York. 


Electrolytic]       Lake. 


1909. 


13.893 
12  949 
12.387 
12. 56! 
12,893 
13,214 
12  880 
13,  IX 
12.870 
12.700 
18.1 
13. '298 


1910.  I  1909.  I  1910. 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


London. 


COLO.  SPRINGS    No 


Name  of  Comp. 


1909. 


13  6'20  14  ■28013.870 
13  3;t2  13  ■295'l3.719 
13  ^2.55  12  8^20  13 
12  7;!3il2,93;  13  091 
12  ,5.-|0ll3,^238  12.8851 
12  404113. ,548  12.798 
12  215113  363' 12  570 
12  490|  13  ■296,12.715 


1910. 


Year. 


12.982 


12  379'13.210 
12  ,553113,0:10 
IS.'.IM 
13.647 


13.335 


12.668 
12.788 


61. 198160. 9'23 
.57  088 1,59, 388 
,56  '2311,59,214 
,57  303157  '238 
.59  3:t815l,  313 
59,6'27l55,310 
■iS. 556154, 194 
59  393  55.733 
59,021  55.207 


57.5.51 
68.917 
59.906 


56.722 


58.732 


\-ew  Yolk  cents  per  pound.  Rieetrolytic  Is 
for  cakes,  npots  or'wlrebars.  t.ondon  pounds 
sVorline    per   long   ton,   sinn.lard   copper. 


Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'kOon. 

C.  K.  JsN 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elkton  Con 

EI  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

Flndlay 

Gold  Dollar 

Gold  Sovel'elgn.. 

Isabella 

Jennie  Semple  .. 

Lexington 

Moon  Anchor 

Old  Gold -.. 

Mary  McKinnoy, 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

■Vindicator 

Work 


Bid. 


SALT  LAKE 


{  051, 

{  (r2" 

{.15 
.09 
.80 
.90 

{.05 
.07 
.10 

{.033 
.18 
.101, 

{.on 

{.031 
.041, 

.6o,^ 

02) 

1.13 

.92 

03 


Name  of  Comp. 


Bingham  Copper. 

Carisa 

Colorado  Mining, 
lumbus  Con... 

Daly  Judge 

Grand  Central 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  Bell 

Little  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth, 

Mason  Valley 

MaJ.  Mines 

May  Day 

Nevada  Hills 

New  York 

Prince  Con 

Stiver  King  Coal'n 
Sioux  Con.. 
Uncle  8am.. 
Victoria  .... 


Bid. 

{.15 

{.•25 

.43i 

.28 

{4. '25 

85 

80 

{1.01 J 

{.22 

.09 

9.50 

{.53 

,07j 

2,40 

{.13 

.81 

1.60 

.28 

.41 

tl.071 


Name  of  Comp. 

Ariz.-Canauea  — 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek.. 
Braden  Copper.. 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines... 
Butte  Coalition.. 

Caledonia 

Calumet  &  Mont..| 
Canadian  Mines..' 

Chino 

Cobalt  central 

Con.  .Ariz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Elv  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Glroux 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 
Miami  Copper  — 
Mines  Co.  of  Am. 
Mont.  Shoshone.. 
Mont.-Tonopah. .. 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 
Nlplssing  Mines,. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M.. 
Precious  Metals.. 

Ray  Central 

Rav  Con 

South  Utah  M.&S, 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah 

To!iopah  Ex 

Trl-Bullion 

Tularosa 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


tA' 

{3 

4«l 
6% 

SA 

21 
U 

1>4 

'21  >S 
8 
2,'., 

US 

17 

.'29        I 
3ft, 

lis 

7iJ, 

734,  ' 

i>«- 

198 

474 
1.10 
•2OI4- 

6« 
,t-l* 
{.92 

"A 

619     ■ 

1.05 
H\ 

%\ 
4 


Adventui-e 

Algomah 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc 

,  Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

iBouauza 

;B'>atou  &Corbin. 
Butte  &  Balak..., 
Calumet  &  Ariz.. 
Calumet  &  Hecla 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range... 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby  

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royals 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion. .. 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Bost. 
Superior  &  Pitts, 

Tamarack 

[Trinity 

|U.  S.  Mining. 
jU.  S.  Mining. 
Utah  Apex... 
I  Utah  Con.... 

'Victoria 

IWinoua 

Wolverine . . . 
Wyandot 


pf. 


Clg. 

.llji 

46 

29 

5X 

18  « 

8« 

.69 

{17« 

i% 

59 
565 
{'21  >i 

JO 

7U1 
4 

107i 
{11 'i 

48 

'28 
2 

16 

my, 

{3'i 
40 

WH 

{9>, 
{5 
50»i 
21 'i 
35 'i 
S5i 
8S' 
43 

:i32« 
\i% 

;  {76 'i 

I    o2!i 
7^ 
15 
{CO 
6 
39  >i 
48X 
{3'i 
25 
3 

S« 
{131 
2« 


I 


! 


1  BOSTON  CURB 


Name  of  Comp. 


LONDON 


Nov.  9 


Name  of  com. 


Dolores 

Stl'atton'slnd. 
Camp  Bird..., 
Esperanza,.., 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Orovllle 

Mexico  Mines 


Clg. 


£1  108 

Od 

0    3 

3 

1  10 

0 

2    1 

3 

0  18 

^ 

1    6 

9 

0    7 

0 

7    2 

6 

Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswy  ocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Cliainiiion 

(;'hemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve.. . 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

M,i)estic 

Nat'l  Mine  J;  Ex. 
Nevada-Douglas. 

Oueco 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Arlz... 

South  Lake 

'Superior  .(:  Globe 

Tl'ediewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

'Vulture 

Yuma 


tTiiil   niiotalion._ 


I 


a'^^n\':k'>.'k'nxiTvvmn^^vi-iiT^nnnu^\'r-.?jjijijmrmTm'i 


7f ^  E  N  G I N  E  E  R I N  G  '^S'f 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^W  E  E  K  L  Y 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary -%.  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London.  E.  C,  German  Office, 
I  nter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Kngminjour,  N.  Y.  ^  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mi  xico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  -%,  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 3.^  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ■%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  •%  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
"%/  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


NOVEMBER  19,  1910. 


NO.  21 


viDci  i.ATKis   SIM i:\ii:\  r 

llltrinif     liMllt     wr     printvil     iiilil     cirrtllatcil 

5:^4. .'lOII      cllliicK      of      THK       ENlil.NKlOIll.NO      .\.\D 
MiXIXO     .lul  liXAI,. 

Our    (ircKliitiun     for     Octiilnr,     liilii.     ini.i 
50,500  vopict. 

Sovimbcr  '> 1 1,000 

ytirriiibtr  1- 0.500 

yorcnitirr  10 0,5()n 

\oiiP  m-ilt   frrr   rf(/uhirhi.   iiu   hitfk    niimhtrs. 
'' ''ii/nrrs  an-  Iiri\   iiit   virrnlnlini,. 


Contents 


:.lii.irials  : 

i  'oppor    Statistics 

Ihc   «■<■(■!; 

I'lnanciiiiLj   lor   .\mei-it'an    StneMcrs   Se- 
curities (_'ompany 

\iiMTican    Smeiters    .^ecm-ities    t'onipatiy 
liiipioveinents    at    tlle    Bethieliem    Steel 

Woiks Hurliiii    IJarfh  II 

III      Newly     Iiiscovei'ed     Zinc     Ores     (if 

i-earlville    

iirial  Zone  Meetine  nf  the  .Vmerican   In 
stitute  of  .Minillf;   lOll^illeei-s 

iiiMrlerly    Ueport    of    tiie    Itail    Copper 
fompany    

'■''nilK  of   Practical    Minin>; : 

♦Iloston  Coiisolidnterl  (Massilier .  .  .  . 
Safety  ,\pi)lia!U'es  ....  Ci-aiH's  for 
IlanrllinK  'I'iMilier  and  Skips.... 
C'luirn  Iirill  i:i|nip:iient  ....  'i'ran.s- 
vaal  Slope  Drill  I'ompetllion .  .  .  . 
BItii'print  Ilantiers  ....  '.An  Anto- 
Hydraiillc  Sampling  I'evice.... 
Sliarpening:  a  brawing  Ten  .... 
•Support  for  I'ipes  ....  •Vertical 
f'nrves  in  Shafts 

Ponrtli  Annnai   Iteport  of  Nevada  Con- 
solidated     

Metliod  of   Ilreaiiin^  .Matte 

'he    Bui-eau    of    Mines. 

Waxhiniihni    CorrrsitiHUhniu 

•Ctolicr   Operations   of  (JoidlieUl    Consol 
Ida  ted    

iroken  Hill  I'roprh'tarv  Coinpanv 

oiith  African  Tin  Smeitlns 

ierman   Miners'    Insurance  and   .Vntniitv 
Funds — W .  .  .  I'n-ilrricic   I,.  Iliil)iiim\ 

Improved   Slide  linle   l.ens  and   .Mlacli- 
ment Mfhl;   I!.   Liiiilli 

tatiis  of  Mining'  and   Smelting-  In   Colo- 
rado  Franklin   (Inilirninn 

Chlllna     Copper     UeKion     in     Sontliern 
Alaska /,.    ;r.   stnmi 

■  ev   Mining-  Law  of  the  Dominican   l!c- 
pnlilic 

liners'    Henelit    l''nnri '.'.'.'. 

Electric  llolstlns:  in  .Minine  Operations. 

„,  S.    /•'.     \Vall;rr 

.uineR  of  Zomelahnacan.  Veracrnz    Mi'X 
'«o Vnrtin   I'ishlincI; 

opper    Production    in    Itussla. 

,  Siiifiai    Ciirrripnnilrncr 

inplnte  T'roduction  in  the  fnited  States 

American   l,oni;wall   Minlnc  Methods. 

,,_,       „     ,  Ihnrn     U.    Paimc 

lining  foal  on  AancTuner  Island 

onsolldatlon  Cnal   Conipany 

Ilnola  Mine  Ke.-icue  Station.  ... 

oal    Operators    in    Canada    Oppose    he 
elprocity.  .  .  ..v;irr/»/  Cnrreiniinilrnrr 

eroonal.  Oliltunry  and  Societies 

nitorlal   Cor-respondence 

Inlnjr   News 

arkets    


oo;; 
oo:i 


'.l'.14 
0!1."» 

900 

000 

007 

007 


OOS 


1002 
1005 


*Illu»tratril. 


liioi: 
1(11  ii; 

10(10 
l(iii7 

lOD.S 
10(10 

nil  I 

10i:{ 
loi:! 

10 11 

1(117 

10111 
1010 

1020 
102.1 
1023 
1024 

1024 
1 025 
1020 
102.S 
10.15 


Copper  Statistics 

Ill-considered  criticisms  have  been 
made  respecting  the  discrepancy  between 
the  reports  of  copper  exports  as  given 
by  the  Government  and  by  the  Copper 
Producers'  Association.  The  Copper  Pro- 
ducers report  their  deliveries,  both  for 
export  and  for  domestic  shipment,  when 
the  copper  is  despatched  from  the  re- 
fineries. The  Government  reports  its  ex- 
ports as  of  the  time  when  they  are  en- 
tered in  the  custom  house,  which  may  be 
several  days  after  they  leave  the  refin- 
eries. Consequently,  the  two  reports 
represent  different  periods  of  time  and 
may  difler  materially,  not  only  in  monthly 
totals,  but  also  over  an  annual  period. 
For  example,  the  report  of  the  Copper 
Producers  for  January,  IPIO,  showed  ex- 
ports of  81,1)91.672  lb.,  while  the  Gov- 
ernment figures  for  January  showed  only 
67,187,8t)()  lb.  The  reason  for  this  great 
difference  was  very  well  understood  by 
those  in  the  business,  the  refiners  having 
loaded  an  unusually  large  quantity  of 
copper  during  the  last  week  of  the 
month,  which  was  included  in  the  Gov- 
ernment statistics   for  February. 

We  have  entire  confidence  in  the  re- 
ports of  the  Copper  Producers'  Associa- 
tion, both  as  to  the  data  communicated 
individually  by  the  refiners  and  as  to  the 
summaries  compiled  by  the  accomplished 
secretary   of  the   Association. 

Some  stupid  critics  have  pointed  to  the 
October  report  of  the  Association  as  il- 
lustrative of  statistical  manipulation.  If 
there  had  been  any  manipulation  of  the 
figures,  it  is  inconceivable  that  the  pro- 
duction  statistics    would    have   been    al- 


lowed to  show  the  disconcerting  Increase 
that  they  did.  Other  stupid  persons  have 
said  that  the  Increased  production  of  re- 
fined copper  in  October  shows  that  the 
niuch-heralded  curtailment  by  the  smelt- 
ers is  all  a  fake.  Well,  if  It  be  a  fake, 
the  18  smelters,  more  or  less,  who  make 
monthly  reports  of  their  production  are- 
liars,  wholly  or  In  part. 

During  25  years  and  more,  we  have 
had  considerable  statistical  experience, 
and  with  the  cooperation  of  the  producers 
of  copper,  lead,  spelter,  and  of  other 
metals  and  mineral  substances,  have  fur- 
nished prompt  statistics  of  production 
when  they  were  In  no  other  way  obtain- 
able. We  have  gained  during  nearly  a 
half  century  of  publication  some  experi- 
ence in  the  industry  whereof  we  treat, 
and  some  knowledge  in  checking  up  sta- 
tistical reports,  etc.  We  have  not  found 
during  our  experience  that  producers 
tend  to  be  liars  in  reporting  their  pro- 
duction. On  the  contrary,  we  have  found 
them  to  tell  the  truth.  Consequently,  we 
have  no  doubt  that  the  copper  producers 
have  been  telling  the  truth  as  to  their 
monthly  production  since  last  August, 
and  sooner  or  later  the  curtailment  that 
their  statistics  have  shown  will  be  re- 
flected   In   the   refinery   statistics. 


The  Week 

After  the  election  the  stock  market 
suffered  a  sharp  recession,  evidently  be- 
cause of  liquidation  by  speculators  for 
the  rise,  who  anticipated  an  Increase  in 
public  interest  after  the  election  and  were 
disappointed  when  purchasers  failed  to 
materialize.     This  redirected  attention  to 


994 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


many  facts,  showing  that  economic  con- 
ditions, both  in  Europe  and  America,  are 
not  favorable  to  the  inauguration  of  an 
industrial  boom,  the  great  necessity  still 
being  undisturbed  recuperation.  The  re- 
assertion  of  these  ideas  naturally  had  an 
effect  upon  the  metal  markets.  Pig  iron 
continues  weak.  Copper  has  relapsed 
from  great  activity  into  dullness,  but  the 
fundamental  conditions  are  undoubtedly 
improving  steadily,  and  consequently 
there  has  been  no  pronounced  weakness 
in  that  market.  Lead  has  continued  to 
be  firm,  but  mysterious.  Spelter  has 
held  its  sharp  advance,  which  was  started 
by  the  recognition  of  the  remarkable  con- 
dition that  has  developed  in  the  zinc  in- 
dustry. Some  persons  profess  to  be 
skeptical  about  this,  asserting  that  the 
rise  in  spelter  has  been  manipulated. 
They  will  discover  their  mistake  later  on. 
It  would  not  be  surprising  to  see  the 
price  for  spelter  in  this  country  rise  to  a 
figure  that  would  permit  imports  from 
Europe,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  no 
such  contingency  will  arise,  and  we  do 
not  believe   it   will. 


Financing  for  American  Smelters 
Securities  Company 

The  plan  for  the  financing  of  the  Amer- 
ican Smelters  Securities  Company  offi- 
cially announced  last  week  is  decidedly 
different  from  what  was  previously  out- 
lined in  the  newspapers,  upon  which  we 
made  some  comments.  As  now  formulated 
the  A.  S.  S.  Co.  is  to  liquidate  its 
floating  indebtedness,  amounting  to  ap- 
proximately SI  1,000,000,  complete  the 
purchase  of  the  Baltimore  refinery,  on 
which  SI, 937 ,200  is  still  owed,  and  ac- 
quire some  surplus  cash  for  the  purposes 
of  its  business,  by  the  issue  of  S15,000,- 
000  of  15-year,  0  per  cent.,  debenture 
bonds,  which  are  convertible  for  7'j 
years  into  the  common  stock  of  the  Amer- 
ican Smelting  ,  and  Refining  Company 
whenever  the  bonds  sell  at  par  or  above; 
and  are  redeemable  at  105  on  90  days' 
notice  at  any  time  after  four  years.  The 
bonds  have  been  underwritten  and  are  to 
be  offered  to  the  stockholders  of  the 
A.  S.  &  R.  Co.  at  par. 

In  so  far  as  the  A.  S.  S.  Co.  is 
concerned  this  plan  is,  of  course,  beyond 
the  criticism  of  even  the  captious.  This 
company  will  simply  fund  its  floating  in- 
debtedness and  obtain  a  surplus  of  about 


S2,000,000  (less  underwriting  commis-  standpoint  has  been  acquired  by  the  wis- 
sions)  at  no  great  increase  in  the  an-  dom  and  conservatism  of  the  manage- 
nual  interest  charge.  Some  other  fea-  ment  in  accumulating  a  large  cash  sur- 
tures  of  the  plan,  however,  are  peculiar,  plus,  whereby  the  preferred  stock  has  be- 
especially  the  convertibility  of  these  come  represented  not  merely  by  pur- 
bonds  into  the  stock  of  the  A.  S.  &  R.  chase  prices  but  by  actual  value,  or  sub- 
Co.,  involving  naturally  an  increase  in  stantially  so.  Now,  the  company  has 
the  capital  stock  of  the  latter.  never,  in  our  opinion,  allowed  sufficiently 
The  basis  of  conversion  has  not  yet  for  amortization,  which  in  its  case  has 
been  stated,  but  the  bonds  are  to  be  taken  the  form  of  rebuilding  its  old  plants 
issued  at  par  and  we  dare  say  they  will  and  establishing  new  ones,  and  we  have 


be    convertible    into    stock    at    par.      The 

earnings    of   the    A.    S.    S.    Co.    and    the 

volume  of  its  business  are  such  that  its 

debentures  will  undoubtedly  be  a  safe  in- 

vestment.     As  a   further  inducement   the     *«    ^^"^    ^^^"    ^his    particular    company 

subscribers   will   have    what   will   amount 


repeatedly  made  criticisms  on  this  ground. 
The  mere  maintenance  of  capacity  by 
such  a  company  does  not  necessarily  ful- 
fill the  conditions  of  amortization.     Thus 


to  a  call  on  an  equivalent  of  the  common 
stock  of  the  A.  S.  &  R.  Co.,  i.e.,  if 
the  latter  should  rise  sufficiently  above 
the  conversion  parity,  the  bondholder  can 
sell  stock,  borrowing  for  delivery,  and 
complete  the  transaction  by  converting  his 
bonds,  upon  which  he  has  received  6  per 
cent,  in  the  meanwhile.    Assuming  this  to 


discard  two  of  its  plants  in  Colorado  and 
we  see  it  at  the  present  day  with  a  smelt- 
ing capacity  of  1,600,000  tons  per  annum 
in  that  State,  but  with  a  use  for  only 
half  of  it  and  grave  doubts  as  to  whether 
the  ore  supply  will  increase.  It  is  need- 
ful to  allow  for  such  alterations  in  con- 
ditions, which  may  arise  from  exhaustion 
of  mines,  changes  in  the  metallurgical 
art,   adverse   tariff   legislation,   etc.     The 


be  done  by  everybody  the  A.  S.  &  R.  Co.  great  cash  surplus  of  the  A.  S.  &  R. 
will  become  the  holder  of  the  present  Co.  has  been,  and  is,  a  reserve  that 
bond  issue  of  the  A.  S.  S.  Co.,  in  con-  j^as  excused  insufficiency  of  amortization 
sideration  uf  an  increase  in  its  capital  g^id  has  given  a  standing  to  the  preferred 
stock,  and  when  the  bonds  have  been  stock  of  the  company  which  would  not 
paid  off  the  A.  S.  &  R.  Co.  will  be  in  have  been  acquired  if  the  surplus  had 
possession  of  815,000,000  in  cash  now 
to  be  supplied  by  the  public,  which  will 
be  represented  by  its  additional  common 
slock. 

If  the  A.  S.  S.  Co.  were  not  affi- 
liated with  the  A.  S.  &  R.  Co.  and 
had  to  proceed  like  most  companies, 
probably  it  would  have  to  issue  bonds  and 
trust  to  itself;  but  it  would  have  been 
difficult,  perhaos  impossible,  to  offer  sub- 
scribers the  speculative  inducement  that 
is    now    presented.    The    present    plan    is 


been  distributed  as  dividends  upon  the 
common  stock.  The  fact  that  no  such 
distribution  has  been  made  manifests  that 
the  management  itself  has  been  of  this 
opinion.  The  present  and  prospective 
conditions  of  silver-lead  and  silicious- 
ore  mining  in  Colorado,  Utah  and  Idaho, 
the  chance  that  a  reduction  in  the  tariff 
on  lead  may  be  made  in  the  not  very 
distant  future,  the  growing  competition  in 
some  districts  and  the  changing  condi- 
tions in  Mexico  indicate  that  a  conserva- 


bound    to    excite    admiration    for    its    in-  ,ive  policy  is  now  wiser  than  ever. 
genuity.    The  project  of  making  the  obli- 
gations of  one  company  convertible  into 

the  stock  of  another  is  certainly  remark-  Rumors    have    been    current    for   some 

able,  and  so  far  as  we  are  aware  without  time  of  a  consolidation  of    Mabama  iron 

any  precise  precedent.  interests,   and   these  have   recently  taken 

However,    the    important    thing    in    the  more    definite    shape.      It    is    understood 

status    of   the   A.   S.   &   R.    Co.    is    the  that  the  question  of  a  merger  has  been 

preservation  of  its  surplus  in  a  conserva-  taken  up  by  a  prominent  New  York  bank- 

tive    form.     The   common   stock   of   this  ing  house,  and  that  two  companies  have 

company,  representing  chiefly  the  earning  assented,  while  two  or  three  others  have 

capacity  arising  from  organization,  mana-  the  question  under  consideration.    If  car- 

gerial  experience,  etc.,  is  highly  specu-  ried  out  as  the  reports  indicate,  the  con- 

lative.     The  preferred  stock  is  regarded  solidatinn  will  have  control  of  extensive 

as  an  industrial  investment,  and  is  largely  iron    and    coal    deposits,    as   well    as  of 

held  upon  that  basis.  Its  esteem  from  that  blast  furnaces  and  other  plants. 

i 


i 


November  19,  19!0. 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


995 


American  Smelters  Securities  Company  Finances 


Daniel  Guggenheim,  president  of  the 
American  Smelters'  Securities  Company, 
states  that  a  contract  has  been  closed 
with  Kuhn,  Loeb  &  Co.  to  underwrite 
$15,000,()0()  fifteen-year,  6  per  cent,  sink- 
ing-fund bonds  of  the  Securities  com- 
pany, convertible  for  7'..  years  into  thi 
common  stock  of  the  American  Smelt- 
ing and  Refining  Company  whenever  the 
bonds  sell  at  i-ar  or  above.  The  bonds 
are  redeeii-dble  at  105  per  cent,  on  90 
days'  notice  any  time  after  four  years. 
The  bonds  will  be  offered  to  the  share- 
holders of  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  for  subscription  at 
par. 

The  proceeds  of  the  bonds  will  be  used 
in  part  to  liquidate  the  floating  indebt- 
,  edness  of  the  Securities  company,  now 
amounting  to  approximately  .SI  1,000,000, 
incurred  in  making  the  additions  and  im- 
provements to  the  properties  of  the  Se- 
curities company  mentioned  below,  and 
also  to  complete  the  payment,  amounting 
to  SI,967,200,  for  the  stock  of  the  Balti- 
more Copper  Smelting  and  Rolling  Com- 
pany, purchased  under  contract  July  !, 
1907. 

Net  Interest  Charge  Increased 
$156,000  PER  Year 

The  interest  charges  of  the  Securities 
company  on  account  of  this  issue  of  de- 
bentures will  amount  to  S900,000  per 
year.  The  company's  interest  charge  on 
the  floating  indebtedness  which  the  pro- 
ceeds of  these  bonds  will  extinguish  last 
year  amounted  to  S745,795,  so  that  the 
net  increase  in  the  company's  interest 
charge  because  of  this  financing  should 
be  less  than  S156,000  per  year.  More- 
over, the  company  will  be  relieved  during 
the  next  five  years  of  the  installm;nts, 
amounting  to  S400,000  per  year,  on  ac- 
count of  the  purchase  price  of  the  Balti- 
more Copper  Smelting  and  Rolling  Com- 
pany's stock  mentioned  above. 

The  growth  of  the  business  of  the 
American  Smelters'  Securities  Company 
is  shown  in  the  accompanying  table  of 
production  and  the  net  earnings  have 
been  as  follows:  For  the  year  ended 
May  31,  1908.  S2,367,426;  May  31, 
1909,  S4,432,Oi59:  May  31,  1910,  S5,43I,- 
980. 

The  earnings  for  the  first  four  months 
of  the  present  fiscal  year  indicate  that 
the  earnings  for  this  year  will  be  ap- 
proximately $6,000,000. 

Securities  Company  Has  Progressed  in 
Adverse  Times 

The  great  expansion  and  growth  shown 
by  the  accompanying  table  have  been 
achieved  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  there 
has  been  no  period,  in  late  years  at  least, 
when  lead,  silver  and  copper  have  sold 
in  the  aggregate   as   low   as  during  the 


Issi    three    years    which    the    above    table 
covers. 

The  growth  of  the  Securities  company, 
notwithstanding  the  unusually  depressed 
trade  conditions,  has  been  possible  par- 
tially because  of  the  many  improvements 
and  operating  economies  made  by  the 
company  in  its  smelting  and  refining  pro- 
cesses, and  partly  by  the  building  of  new 
works  and  additions  and  improvements 
to  established  plants.  Recently  long- 
time contracts  have  been  made  with  the 
Chino  and  Ray  mines,  and  the  Tennessee 
Copper  Company,  from  which  no  product 
has,  as  yet,  been  received. 

Copper  Refinery  Improvements 

Since  the  organization  of  the  Securities 
company,  the  Baltimore  Copper  Works 
has  been  purchased,  with  a  refining  ca- 
pacity of  144,000,000  lb.  per  annum, 
which  has  been  increased  to  a  present 
capacity  of  240,000,000  lb.  per  annum, 
or  66-,?  per  cent.,  and  when  present 
plans  are  completed  this  plant  will  be  in- 
creased to  a  capacity  of  288,000,000  lb. 
per  annum,  so  that  the   capacity   of  this 


profitable     business     investments,     they 
should   be  permanently  capitalized. 

Holdings  of  the  Smelters'  Securities 
Company 

In  addition  to  the  mining  properties 
now  owned  by  .the  Securities  company  in 
the  United  States  and  in  Mexico  the  fol- 
lowing smelting  and  refining  plants  are 
in  operation;  copper  smelteries,  Velar- 
dena,  Mexico,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  and 
Tacoma,  Wash;  copper  refineries,  Balti- 
more and  Tacoma;  lead  smelteries,  Vel- 
ardefia.  Federal,  111.,  Tacoma,  San  Fran- 
cisco (Selby  plant),  Cal.;  lead  refineries, 
San  Francisco  and  Federal. 

Value  of  Products 

As  indicated  by  the  last  four  months' 
production,  the  value  of  the  year's  prod- 
ucts of  the  American  Smelters'  Securities 
Company  will  be  as  follows:  Gold, 
$56,700,000;  silver,  $12,500,000;  lead, 
S6,700,000;  copper,  $29,500,000;  and  of 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company:  Gold,  $13,000,000;  silver, 
$34,500,000;    lead,    $21,000,000;    copper. 


PRdorCTION  OF  THE  AMERICAN   J^MEI.TERS'   SECURITIES  COMPANY. 


Fiscal  Y'ear  Ending. 

Ooltl 
Oz. 

Silver 
Oz. 

J.eatl 
Tons. 

Copper 
Lb. 

Ma.v  31,  1908 

Ma.v  31.  1909 

.Ma.v  31.  I9I0 

.lime  1.  1910  to  .-'.ept.  .^O,  1910  at  annual  rate  of 

1,460,328 
1, .103,493 
2,095,646 
2.750.211 

19.726,529 
2().33S,S32 
18,327.277 
21.872.941 

49.140 
.■,3,211 
67.712 
76.089 

05,200,000 
113.974,000 
174,150.000 
22S.5S.S,()()() 

works  as  of  the  time  when  they  were 
purchased  by  the  Securities  coinpany  will 
have  been  doubled.  Similarly,  the  cop- 
per-smelting plant  at  Garfield,  near  Salt 
Lake  City,  has  been  entirely  constructed, 
adding  to  the  smelting  capacity  of  the 
company  1,170,000  tons  per  year.  More- 
over, both  the  lead-.ii.elting  and  copper- 
smelting  plants  at  Velardena  have  been 
constructed,  the  former  with  an  annual 
capacity  of  187,000  tons  and  the  latter 
with  an  annual  capacity  of  324,000  tons. 

At  Federal,  111.,  the  lead-refining  plant 
has  been  incre?sed  from  an  annual  ca- 
pacity of  20,000  tons  to  a  present  capac- 
ity of  50,000  tons,  and  the  smelting'. 
works  have  been  correspondingly  in- 
creased from  a  smelting  capacity  of  40,- 
000  tons  to  a  present  capacity  of  100.000 
tons.  Moreover,  the  Selby  refining  plant, 
with  a  capacity  of  36,000  tons  per  an- 
num, has  been  entirely  rebuilt  and  can 
be  considered  virtually  a  new  plant. 

That  these  additions  and  improvements 
have  been  profitable  Is  evidenced  by  the 
growth  of  the  earnings  and  business  ;)f 
the  Securities  company  as  outlined 
above.  In  the  making  of  these  improve- 
ments and  additions  the  company's  float- 
ing indebtedness  was  incurred,  and  it 
is  now  thought  that  inasmuch  as  these 
expenditures    represent    completed    and 


$16,500,000.  For  the  two  companies  the 
aggregate  is  $190,500,000,  as  follows: 
Gold.  569,800,000;  silver,  $47,000,000; 
lead,  $27,700,000;  copper,  $46,000,000. 

Smelting       Business       Comparatively 
Stable 

The  smelting  and  refining  business  as 
conducted  by  these  companies  has  a 
most  remarkable  character  as  to  regular- 
ity and  steadiness,  which  is  partly  at- 
tributable to  the  fact  that  their  products 
are  of  diversified  character.  •  There  is 
probably  no  other  line  of  manufacturing 
which  is  so  little  dependent  upon  the  fluc- 
tuation of  values  of  both  raw  and  fin- 
ished product,  or  variation  as  to  the  busi- 
ness condition  of  the  country.  The 
sinelting  company  acts  as  agent  for  the 
ininers.  Contracts  require  the  mines  to 
ship  their  production  and  require  the 
smelting  coinpany  to  pay  to  the  min- 
ers the  daily  market  value  of  the  metal 
contents  of  the  ores.  To  a  very  large 
extent  the  profits  of  the  company  are 
only  dependent  upon  ability  to  smelt  and 
refine  at  a  cost  less  than  the  amount 
charged  the  miner,  and  so  to  conduct 
their  business,  metallurgically,  as  not  to 
lose,  in  process  of  smelting  and  refin- 
ing, the  metals  intrusted  to  their  charge. 
It  has  been  the  universal  custom  of  the 


996 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


American  Smelting  company  to  sell  its 
metal.s,  before  they  are  refined,  for  deliv- 
ery as  soon  as  possible  after  refining 
and,  except  to  a  minor  extent,  in  connec- 
tion with  lead,  no  metals  are  kept  on 
hand  after  they  are  ready  to  be  delivered 
to  customers.  Purchases,  therefore,  are 
regularly  made  daily  from  the  miners 
at  the  market  price,  and  are  as  regularly 
sold  to  the  consuming  public  at  the  same 
market  price.  Purchases,  and  sales, 
therefore,  as  a  rule,  balance  each  other, 
leaving  the  inventory  at  a  fixed  valuation. 

Financial  Position  of  the  Smelting 
Company 

Through  the  conservative  policy  of  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany in  respect  to  the  distribution  of  div- 
idends, it  has  accumulated  a  surplus 
amounting  at  the  present  time  to  S17,- 
669,064.  This  surplus  does  not  include 
any  appreciation  in  the  value  of  the 
517,751,000  par  value  common  stock  of 
the  -American  Smelters'  Securities  Com- 
pany, which  is  carried  on  the  books  of 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company,  at  a  cost  of  SI,  and  that  this 
is  valuable  is  evidenced  by  the  statement 
of  earnings  and   production  made  above. 


California  Oil  Dividends 


The  dividends  paid  in  October  by  the 
California  oil  companies,  which  are  listed 
on  the  San  Francisco  Stock  Exchange, 
and  their  dividends  to  date,  are  shown 
in  the  accompanying  table. 


OCTOBER     DIVIDENDt^     OF     CALIFORNI.\ 

OIL    COMPANIES     LISTED     ON    SAN 

FRANCISCO   .STOCK   EXCHANGE. 


Name  of  Company. 

Oct. 
1910 

Total  Paid 
to  Date. 

American  Petroleum,  pfd.... 
-American  Petroleum,  com. 
Ba,v  City 

$   16,.500 

82, .^OO 

,^.0,000 

20,17,". 

10,000 

9,992 

2,000 

fi,000 

2,000 

1.000 

2,000 

:i,s.-,9 

10.000 
,^0,000 
S7,72,". 
10,000 
.".,000 

is.di'o 
:i,iioo 

l.".,000 
7„'iOO 
9,000 

1,'>,000 
.■).9.S.-, 
ti.ooo 

lo,:',7.'. 

121, SLi 

12.s:ii 
300,000 

.?    2S,'->,32:i 

l,.i,".3,37-. 

l,i,'.,000 

Caril)ou  Oil  and  Mining.  . . . 

.S4  1 .71)2 

Columbia     

344  7'.'i 

Empire 

1'^  000 

Globe                  

93,000 
4S,S,0(I0 

Homestake              .... 

Kern  River 

Linda  Vista       

1  11,00(1 
SI  117 

Mascot 

(50,000 

740.000 

3,."i,S7,I93 

40,00(1 

2.'.,(I00 

37(1.,".01 

Monte  Cri.sto     .        ... 

Mexican  Petroleum 

Nevada  Countv 

New  Penn.  Petroleum 

Palmer 

Parattine 

Pinal     

Rice  Ranch 

S.  F.  &  McKittrick 

117,000 

4l.-.,ooo 

United  Oil 

Waba.sh 

0O.0K9 
489,000 

Total 

S926,27,-. 

The  total  dividends  paid  to  date  by 
the  listed  companies  is  $36,257,023.  All 
the  dividend  payers  are  not  listed  on  the 
exchange. 


Improvements  at  the  Bethlehem 
Steel  Works 

By  Burton  Hartley 


hot  metal  from  the  blast  furnaces  and 
also  a  400-ton  mixer,  for  partly  converted 
metal.  Both  the  blast  furnaces  and  the 
bessemer  plant  are  being  erected  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Engineering  Works,  of 
New    Castle,    Pennsylvania. 


The  two  new  blast  furnaces  at  the 
Bethlehem  steel  works  are  now  nearly 
completed;  the  first  to  be  blown  in  be- 
fore Christmas,  1910,  and  the  other  soon 
after.  These  two  are  duplicates  of  £ 
furnace,  which  was  blown  in  last  April. 
These  furnaces  are  said  to  be  three  of 
the  largest  in  the  United  States.  The 
hight  from  the  brick  hearth  bottom  to 
the  platform  at  the  upper  bell  is  91  ft. 
11  in.  The  iron  notch  is  10  in.  above 
the  hearth  while  4  ft.  6  in.  above  this  is 
the  cinder  notch,  and  the  tuyeres  3  ft. 
higher.  The  outward  slant  of  the  bosh 
begins  20  in.  above  the  tuyeres  and  the 


The  Newly  Discovered  Zinc  Ores 
of  Leadville 

The  Colorado  School  of  Mines  reports 
that  the  newly  discovered  zinc  ore  is 
said  to  have  been  found  in  many  mines; 
it  appears  to  be  most  plentiful  near  the 
parting  quartzite,  but  is  known  in  soine 
places  to  run  through  the  white  lime- 
stone to  the  white  porphyry.  Two  dis- 
tinctly different  classes  of  ore  have  been 
found;  viz.,  carbonate  of  zinc  (namely 
the   mineral   known   as   smithsonite)    and 


Dry  Pan 


Crusher 

a 


30  Scales 


■A — I — I — I — hC 


<-  -30- 
-( h- 


^From  Blast 
J'urnaces 


-t 1 1- 


L 

250  Ton 
Mixer 


^o^  ^  ir} 


Mixer  and  Converter  Bui)dmg 


400  Ton 
_MixBi; 


20|ron 
Converter 


-200- 


|To  CpeVi  Hearthi 


Plan  of  BessErAER  Plant  at  Bethlehem  Steel  Works 


Mi'iirii/Jourrial 


diameter  here  is  15  ft.  6  in.  The  stack 
begins  10  ft.  11  in.  above  the. tuyeres  and 
the  diameter  here  is  22  ft.  The  di- 
ameter of  the  top  is  15  ft.  4  in.  and  the 
diameter  of  the  bell  is  13  ft.  2  in.  Each 
oi  these  furnaces  is  equipped  with  two 
water-spraying  dust  catchers  and  also  a 
gas-scrubbing  appliance.  For  each  fur- 
nace there  are  five  McClure  stoves 
placed  in  the  shape  of  an  L,  27  ft.  from 
center  to  center.  The  stoves  are  22  ft. 
in  diameter. 

Bessemer   Plant 

The  bessemer  plant  is  being  built  to 
serve  as  the  first  half  of  the  duplex  pro- 
cess. There  are  two  buildings,  a  convert- 
er building  and  a  bottom  house.  The 
bottom  house  has  five  drying  ovens  be- 
sides a  wet  and  a  dry  pan  for  building 
converter  bottoms,  and  also  a  crushing 
machine.  The  converter  building  has  two 
20-ton  converters  and  a  250-ton  mixer  for 


silicate  of  zinc  (the  mineral  called  cala- 
mine). In  some  instances  these  are  as- 
sociated, but  in  others  they  are  quite  dis- 
tinct. 

AH  of  the  material  sent  to  the  School 
of  Mines  from  Leadville  has  been  of  the 
dull,  earthy,  white  to  brown,  rather  soft, 
massive  variety  of  smithsonite.  It  might 
easily  be  confused  with  impure  oxides 
of  iron  when  dark  colored,  and  with 
limestone  or  altered  feldspathic  rocks 
when  lighter.  The  material  at  Leadville 
often  contains  a  considerable  proportion 
of  hydrozinkite,  a  carbonate  of  zinc  con- 
taining water,  which  tends  to  make  it 
softer  than  it  otherwise  would  be  and 
causes  it  to  effervesce  more  vigorously 
in   acids. 


The  purchase  of  tungsten  property  in 
the  San  Juan  region  of  Colorado,  by  Count 
Andre  Weill,  representing  French  man- 
ufacturers of  armor  plate,  is  reported. 


November  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNA.. 


997 


Canal  Zone  Meeting  of  the  In- 
stitute of  Mining  Engineers 

Special  Correspondence 


The  Hamburg-American  line  steamer 
"Prinz  August  Wilhelm"  was  chartered 
for  the  Canal-Zone  excursion  of  the 
U  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
which  left  New  York  on  Oct.  21,  1910. 
There  were  121  in  the  party  and  ses- 
sions for  technical  discussion  were  held 
on  the  deck  of  the  steamer  en  route. 

Discussion  of  Mine  Fires 

The  session  of  Oct.  24  was  devoted  to 
the  question  of  mine  fires,  the  discus- 
sion being  participated  in  by  managers 
of  mines  producing  more  than  half  the 
anthracite  tonnage  of  the  United  States, 
as  well  as  some  western  representatives. 
The  fires  described  were:  Summit  Hill 
inine,  by  W.  A.  Lathrop,  of  the  Lehigh 
Coal  Company;  Big  Lick  Slope  mine, 
Lykens  Valley,  R.  V.  Norris;  Heckers- 
ville  Valley,  W,  J.  Richards,  Philadelphia 
Coal  and  Iron  Company;  Monarch  mine, 
S.  A.  Taylor;  Anaconda  mine,  D.  W. 
Brunton;  Leonard  mine  (Butte),  Charles 
W.  Goodale, 

The  subject  of  mine  fires  was  continued 
at  the  session  of  Oct.  27,  fires  in  Penn- 
sylvania, Michigan.  Mexico  and  South 
Africa  being  described  by  R.  V.  Norris, 
William  Kelly,  Edward  W.  Parker  and 
Cardner  F.  Williams,  the  session  con- 
cluding with  a  paper,  "Gold  Mines  of  the 
Rand,"  by  Hennen  Jennings.  The  third 
session,  on  Oct.  28,  was  taken  up  with 
J.  W.  Richards'  paper  on  the  production 
of  pig  iron  in  Sweden  by  the  electric 
furnace. 

The  Stop  at  Havana 

The  days  between  the  first  and  sec- 
ond sessions  were  spent  at  Havana,  where 
Cabana  fortress  and  Morro  castle  were 
visited  by  launch,  and  a  drive  taken  to  the 
other  principal  points  of  interest  around 
the  city.  The  party  was  received  by  Pres- 
ident Jose  Miguel  Gomez  at  the  palace, 
every  member  being  individually  intro- 
duced. 

Jamaica  and  the  Canal  Zone 

Excursions  from  Kingston,  where  the 
party  arrived  Oct.  29,  were  made  by 
trolley  and  carriage  to  Constant  spring, 
Csstleton  garden.  Bog  walk,  and  the  gorge 
of  the  Rio  Cobre. 

The  arrival  in  the  Canal  Zone 
was  made  on  Nov.  1,  the  program 
for  the  week  being  as  follows:  Nov.  1, 
Gaiun  dam;  Nov.  2,  Culebra  cut;  Nov. 
3  •  aniversary  of  Panamanian  independ- 
ence; Nov.  4.  the  locks  and  dams  of  San 
Miguel  and  Miraflores;  Nov.  5,  excur- 
sion by  tugs  to  the  Pacific  entrance  to  the 
canal;    Nov.    6,    Sunday;    Nov.    7,    train 


excursion     over   the    relocated     Panama 
railroad. 

Optional  Trip  to  Port  Limon 

There  was  an  optional  trip  arranged  to 
Port  Limon,  Costa  Rica,  from  Nov.  4  to 
8,  but  owing  to  the  fullness  of  the  Canal 
Zone  program,  only  about  a  dozen  per- 
sons took  the  journey.  The  return  voy- 
age from  Colon  was  begun  on  Nov.  8, 
and  on  Nov.  10,  the  steamer  was  re- 
ported at  Kingston  with  all  on  board 
well  and  happy.  Advices  are  that  so  far 
the  trip  has  been  all  smooth  sailing,  with 
pleasantly  warm  temperatures. 

Members  and  Guests  on  the  Canal 
Zone   Trip 

Those  on  the  trip  were:  J.  W.  Ailes, 
Mrs.  E.  L.  C.  Ayres,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  S. 
Ayres,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  D.  Barron 
and  the  Misses  Barron,  W.  I.  Berryman, 
Alexander  Brodhead,  Thomas  E.  Brown, 
David  W.  Brunton,  Arthur  C.  Carson, 
Josiah  H.  Clark,  F.  L.  Clerc,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Torbert  Coryell,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  S. 
Cunningham,  W.  I.  Davidson,  Col.  and 
Mrs.  D.  C.  Dodge,  J.  W.  Donnan,  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Henry  S.  Drinker,  W.  W.  Duf- 
field,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard  N.  Eavenson 
and  Miss  Eavenson,  August  H.  Eustis, 
W.  E.  C.  Eustis,  Charles  W.  Goodale, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Philip  Goodwill.  William 
Greene,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  W,  Hardinge 
and  Miss  Hardinge,  Rowland  F.  Hill.  C. 
B.  Houck,  Harry  C.  James,  Hennen 
Jennings,  J.  Elmer  Jones,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
William  Kelly,  Prof.  William  Kent, 
Charles  Kirchhoff,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William 
A.  Lathrop,  Bedford  Leighton,  A.  F. 
Lucas,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eugene  McAuliffe, 
J.  G.  Mcllvain,  J.  G.  Mcllvain,  Jr.,  H. 
F.  Mackay,  Julius  P.  Meyer,  David  G. 
Miller,  F.  P.  Miller,  Theodore  H.  Miller, 
D.  G.  Moore,  Robert  V.  Norris,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Thomas  W.  Orbison,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Walter  T.  Page,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward 
W.  Parker,  Henry  C.  Perkins,  Dr.  R. 
W.  Raymond,  Prof.  J.  W.  Richards,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Richards  and  Miss  Rich- 
ards, D.  M.  Riordan,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Thomas  Robins,  David  B.  Rushmore,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  C.  M.  Russell,  Robert  C.  Sah- 
lin,  William  L.  Saunders,  F.  R.  Sayer,  F. 
W.  Scarborough,  Miss  Scarborough,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  F.  L.  Schoew,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John 
M.  Sherrerd,  Samuel  H.  Sherrerd,  Dr. 
Walter  Stewart,  Dr.  Joseph  Struthers, 
Samuel  A.  Taylor,  C.  S.  Thomas,  Jr., 
Miss  Jeanne  Todd.  Mr.  Tracey,  Joseph 
Underwood.  Joseph  Underwood  Jr.,  A.  E. 
Vaughan.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  M.  Warren, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  H.  Warren,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Samuel  D.  Warriner,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Watson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  B.  Watson, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  M.  Weaver,  Hugo  Wein- 
berger, H.  A.  J.  Wilkens,  William  Wilkie, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  Williams,  Gardner 
F.  Williams,  Howard  Wood,  Miss  Wood, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  D.  Wood  and 
Walter  Wood. 


Quarterly   Report  of   the  Utah 
Copper  Company 


The  report  of  the  Utah  Copper  Com- 
pany for  the  quarter  ended  Sept.  30, 
1910,  shows  total  net  profits  for  the  three 
months  of  $1,329,967,  of  which  about  28 
per  cent,  was  derived  from  Nevada  Con- 
solidated dividends.  Disbursements  for 
dividends  were  51,168,883,  leaving  $161,- 
084  to  be  transferred  to  undivided  profits. 

The  average  monthly  production  was 
7,731,640  lb.  of  copper  as  compared  with 
an  average  of  8,374,684  lb.  for  April,  May 
and  June.  Part  of  this  decrease  was  due 
to  closing  the  Copperton  mill  at  a  time 
when  the  other  mills  were  unable  to  take 
all  the  ore,  and  part  to  the  handling  of 
lower-grade  ores,  the  copper  content  for 
the  quarter  being  given  at  1.5  per  cent, 
and  for  September  only,  1.4  per  cent. 
The  amount  of  ore  milled  is  not  stated. 
The  average  production  cost  was  8.25c. 
per  lb.  as  compared  with  7.53c.  per  lb. 
for  the  previous  quarter. 

The  Copperton  plant  was  closed  per- 
manently at  the  end  of  July  and  most 
of  the  machinery  transferred  to  the  Arthur 
plant.  The  improvements  at  the  Magna 
plant  have  been  completed  and  the  nor- 
mal capacity  of  that  mill  is  now  over 
10,000  tons  per  day.  In  August  and 
September  about  75  per  cent,  of  all  ore 
treated  went  to  the  Magna  and  25  per 
cent  to  the  Arthur  plant.  Improvements 
at  the  Arthur  plant  will  not  be  com- 
pleted before  the  end  of  the  year,  when 
its  capacity  will  be  more  than  doubled. 

.About  83  per  cent,  of  the  ore  milled 
during  the  quarter  was  from  surface 
steam-shovel  mining.  There  are  17 
shovels  now  at  work  mining  and  stripping, 
of  which  four  are  on  the  newly  acquired 
Boston  Consolidated  property.  Three 
more  will  soon  be  placed  at  work  here, 
bringing  the  total  up  to  20  steam  shovels. 
No  surface  ore  has  yet  been  taken  from 
the  Boston  ground,  and  underground  min- 
ing must  be  followed  for  some  time  to 
come. 

The  open  grades  on  the  Bingham  and 
Garfield  Railway  are  about  70  per  cent, 
completed,  while  the  grades  from  the 
Magna  plant  to  the  San  Pedro  railroad 
are  90  per  cent.  done.  The  tunnels  on 
the  upper  portion  of  the  line  will  not  be 
complete  before  April  of  next  year,  and 
the  entire  road  will  be  ready  for  traffic  in 
the  second  quarter  of  next  year. 


The  mineral  product  of  the  State  of 
Minas  Geraes,  the  most  populous  of  the 
Brazilian  States,  amounted  to  .$3,350,000 
in  1909,  being  a  decrease  of  $515,000.  In 
the  early  days  the  mining  industry  was 
the  chief  resource  of  this  State,  but  at 
present,  according  to  U.  S.  Consul 
Slechta,  practically  the  entire  mineral  out- 
put is  from  two  gold  mines  and  from 
two  deposits  of  manganese  ore. 


998 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


^^^ 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^O^ 
T  »r0e  Mines.     Thinffs  TKat  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining  ^-^ 


Boston  Consolidated  Classifier 


Safety  Appliances 


The  Boston  Consolidated  mill  at  Gar- 
Field,  Utah,  has  been  noted  among  mill- 
men  for  its  excellent  classification.  It  is 
thought  by  many  that  the  extremely  close 
classification,  as  much  as  the  use  of  Nis- 
sen  stamps,  explains  the  excellent  re- 
sults obtained. 

Classification  is  accomplished  in  a 
somewhat  modified  form  of  the  well 
known  Anaconda,  three-compartment 
classifier.  Originally  the  first  two  com- 
partments gave  trouble  through  the  back- 
ing up  of  pulp  on  the  sides.  After  ac- 
cumulating for  a  while,  it  would  come 
down  with  a  rush  destroying  the  equilib- 
rium of  the  conditions  in  the  compart- 
ment. To  avoid  this  a  false  bottom  was 
put  about  half  way  up  the  first  two  com- 
partments; the  lower  part,  where  the  jet 
current  was  introduced,  was  continued  up 
to  this  floor  as  a  neck  or  box  compartment 


The  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Company  is 
ma'.-.ing  a  special  effort  to  install  safety 
appliances  wherever  it  is  possible,  not 
only  in  its  Minnesota  and  Michigan  mines 
but  also  in  its  machine  shops.  The  com- 
pany has  its  own  mine  inspector,  who 
makes  regular  visits  to  the  mines,  and  it 
is  his  duty  to  scrutinize  work  and  make 
suggestions  as  to  mining  methods  with 
special  reference  to  the  safety  of  the  men 
employed. 

In  the  machine  shops  practically  all 
of  the  gearing  on  the  lathes,  drill  presses, 
bolt  cutters  and  other  machinery  is  be- 
ing inclosed  in  sheet-iron  housings.  Guard 
rails  are  being  placed  on  ladders  and 
stairways  in  the  shops.  Belts  near  the 
floors  and  in  places  where  the  men  can 
come  in  contact  with  them,  are  being 
inclosed  in  suitable  board  boxes.  It  is 
the  policy  of  the  company  to  make  all  of 


which  this  crane  will  operate  is  about 
50x125  ft.  It  is  also  useful  in  handling 
heavy  coils  of  cables  when  changing 
cables  in  the  shaft. 

At  a  number  of  other  mines  in  Michi- 
gan a  cableway  is  maintained  over  the 
timber  yard  and  bundles  of  mine  timber 
handled  in  this  way.  In  many  places  this 
can  be  used  where  a  car  could  not,  and  in 
any  event  it  is  exceedingly  useful  in 
taking  timber  from  the  railroad  tracks 
and  piling  it  in  the  timber  yard. 


Compnrtment  No.  1      3.5  Cu.  Ft. 
..2     10.5    ■•       •' 
...  ..      3     31.0   ■■       ■■ 

Total  Contents      =    45.0  Cu.  Ft. 
The  £Tjgiietring  $  Mining  Journal 


Three-compartment   Hydraulic  Classifier  with  False  Bottoms  at 
B_STON  Consolidated  Mill 


about  4  in.  square.  The  sands  then  built 
up  on  the  false  bottom  and  formed  a  floor 
to  the  compartment  at  the  angle  of  repose 
of  the  material. 

As  the  false  floor  is  wide  enough  so  that 
the  box  compartment  is  outside  the  slope 
of  repose,  trouble  from  rushes  of  pulp  in 
the  compartments  is  eliminated.  The  pulp 
going  to  the  last  compartment  is  so  fine 
that  it  gives  no  trouble.  An  accompany- 
ing drawing  shows  the  details  of  the 
classifier  used  at  the  Boston  Consolidated 
mill.  The  false  bottoms  of  the  first  two 
compartments  are  indicated. 

A  good  part  of  the  Steeple  Rock  dis- 
trict has  been  transferred  from  New 
Mexico  to  Arizona  by  a  correction  that 
was  recently  made  in  the  boundary  mark- 
ing. Several  years  ago,  according  to  a 
local  paper,  the  monuments  were  moved 
by  a  mine  owner  of  the  district  without 
authority  from  the  Government,  and 
this  fact  was  not  discovered  until  a  short 
time   ago. 


the  shops  and  mines  as  safe  as  possible. 
It  entails  a  certain  amount  of  expense, 
but  at  the  same  time  in  case  an  accident 
should  occur,  it  places  the  company  on 
the  safe  side  so  that  there  is  much  less 
danger  of  damage  suits. 


Cranes  for  Handling   Timber   and 
Skips 

At  the  Newport  mine,  Ironwood.  Mich., 
an  electrically  operated  crane  with  a 
40- ft.  span  is  in  operation  on  the  surface 
at  the  mouth  of  the  shaft.  The"  crane  is 
mounted  upon  a  track  about  30  ft.  above 
the  ground  and  operated  the  same  as 
though  in  a  building.  The  capacity  of 
the  crane  is  10,000  lb.  It  travels  a  dis- 
tance of  about  100  ft.  back  and  forward 
in  front  of  the  shaft,  and  is  used  for 
handling  heavy  machinery,  skips,  cages 
and  timbers  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the 
shaft.  The  timber  yard  is  at  the  outer 
end  of  the  crane  track.     The  area  over 


Churn    Drill    Equipment  List 


By  Martin  Butler  Gentry* 


As  churn-drill  prospecting  is  being 
more  extensively  adopted  for  the  explor- 
ation of  mineral-bearing  areas,  it  may  be 
of  interest  to  operators  who  are  inaugu- 
rating such  work  to  note  what  the  ex- 
perience in  churn  drilling  at  the  Imper- 
ial Copper  Company's  mines  at  Silver- 
bell,  Ariz.,  has  indicated  should  be  pro- 
vided in  the  way  of  initial  equipment. 

The  following  list  gives  the  complete 
equipment  used  in  the  operation  of  one 
drill: 

Star  No.  23  traction  drill  with  standard 
equipment  : 

2  New  Ki-a  rope  sockets  for  2-in.  rope. 

2  stems,  4  in.  x  20  ft. 

1  sinker  liar,  4  in.  x  12  ft. 

3  sets  li'j-in.  Jars,  o-in.   stroke, 

4  "■■ii-in.   drilling   bits.    IT-'.-lh.    steel. 
4  6'i-in.  drillina  bits.    Ijri-Ui.   steel. 
Above     for      SW.-in.      squares     and     joints, 

2i/4x3'i    in.,    seven    threads   per    inch, 

2  stems,  3%   in.  x  20  ft. 

2  3%-in.  sets  of  jars,  U-in.  stroke. 
2   4 '4 -in.   hits,   tiO-lh.   steel. 
Above     for     2^4 -in.      squares     and     joints, 
f'^x'^Vi    in.,   eight   threads  per   inch. 
1   set"  tool   wrenches.  3i/o-in.   squares. 

1  set   tool   wrenches.   2'!.-in-   squares. 

2  bailers.  .">i'.   in.  x  12  ft. 
1   bailer,  i%   in.  x  Hi  ft. 

1  Iiailer,   SU   in.  x  IS  ft 

140(1   ft.  of  2-in.  hawser-laid  drilling  cable. 
10(10    ft.    of    "i-in.    crucible   steel    wire   sand 
line. 

2  No.  3  Barrett  lever  lacks. 

1   double    swivel    casing   hook. 

1    set  7''>,-in.   medium  weigV  t  elevators. 

1    set   ti'i-iu.  medium  weight  elevaliu-s. 

1    set   41'iin.    medium    weight    elevators. 

1    "'..-iu.  cable  chain.   10  ft.  long. 

1    Vulcau    chain    tong. 

1(10   ft.   of   7'<-in..    l.'..41-lb.    casing. 

-.-,0  ft    of  CiU-in.,  ll-.TS-Ib.  casing. 

T.'iO  ft.  of  4'i-in.,  6.3t;-lb.  casing. 

1'  14-111.   sledge.    ■  _. 

1    slip   socket   and  slips  for    1  "s-ln.   Hole. 

1    slip   socket   and   slips   for   iP.-ln.   hoe. 

1    slip  socket   and  slips  fm-  4 '  1 -in.  hole, 

1    horn   socket   for  7%-in.    hole. 

1    hcirn   socket  for  6M-in.   hole. 

1    born   so"ket  for  4'/i-i"-   '"''''■ 

1    rope  spear   for  OH^lu.   hole. 

1    rope   siiear   for    4yt'an.    hohv  . 

1    jar  bumper.   2'4    in.  x   12  ft.,   for  l.'i-ln. 

'"1    hir  liumper  for  4"iln..hole. 

1  horseshoe  rope  knlfe./wllh  pnlcnl  lUP. 
sinker   and    iars. 

1    Knowland  sampler  or  split  divider. 

This  equipment  and  drill  may  be  ob- 
tained for  approximately  $4000  f.o.b. 
factory,  and  weighs  39,000  pounds. 

*SIlverhell,    Ariz. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


999 


Transvaal  Stope  Drill  Competition 


Although  the  final  figures  in  the  Trans- 
vaal stope  drill  competition  have  not  yet 
been  announced,  it  is  expected  that  they 
will  show  in  favor  of  the  small  machine 
drills,  as  against  hand  drilling.  The  re- 
vised figure,  as  given  by  the  South  Afri- 
can Min.  Journ.,  for  the  cost  of  drilling 
a  foot  by  machine  drill  is  now  placed  at 
Ud.,  as  compared  with  Is.  Id.  for  ham- 
mer boys.  The  average  depth  drilled  by 
the  winning  pairs  of  small  drills  in  the 
contest  will  work  out  at  about  0.8  in.  per 
min.  The  economy  shown  by  the  stope 
drill  over  the  hammer  boy  must,  however, 
be  qualified  by  the  fact  that  it  is  onlv 
in  the  hands  of  trained  white  miners  that 
the  best  results  are  obtainable. 


rangemcnt  than  to  hang  the  papers  on  a 
wire  above  the  tank  or  in  other  parts  of 
the  room.  This  arrangement  is  in  use 
at  the  Chapin  mine.  Iron  Mountain, 
Alichinan. 


An  Auto-Hydraulic  Sampling 
Device 


By  D.  a.  McMillen* 


The  sketches  published  herewith  show 
in  plan  and  elevation  an  easily  made 
and  accurate  sampler,  that  is  used  sev- 
eral places  in  the  Globe  district  and  that 
any  mechanic  can  construct  at  the  mill. 
The  essential  parts  are  a  tipping  box  B, 
a  small  steam  or  air  cylinder  H  and  a 
sampling   arm   M.     The    tipping   box    is 


1 


u 0 D" 

Z/ui  Ln^itiMrinQ  ^  Mining  Jnnmol 

Top  and  Side  Views  of  Automatic  Hydraulic  Sampling  Device 


Blueprint  Hangers 

An  easy  method  of  taking  blueprints 
from  the  bath  consists  of  having  the  tank 
set  close  to  the  wall,  and  a  2x4-in.  plank 
placed  on  the  wall  3  or  4  ft.  above  the 
lank.  At  intervals  of  6  in.  a  1-in.  hole 
is  bored  into  the  2x4.  A  1-in.  square 
stick  about  six  inches  longer  than  the 
width  of  the  tank  is  used  for  supporting 
the  blueprint.  The  stick  is  placed  across 
the  tank  with  one  end  in  the  water  and  the 
print  fastened  to  the  stick  with  thumb 
tacks.  The  paper  is  then  lifted  from  the 
water  and  the  end  of  the  stick  slipped 
into  one  of  the  holes  in  the  2x4  on  the 
wall.  In  this  way  the  prints  are  handled 
easily  and  without  danger  of  tearing,  and 
the  water  drips  into  the  tank  instead  of 
on   the   floor.     It  is  a   much   handier   ar- 


or  decreasing  the  stream  A,  is  thus  es- 
tablished. 

Tipper    Actuates    Valve    Controlling 
Sampler 

Bolted  to  the  upper  part  of  the  divider 
D,  by  bolt  G,  is  an  arm  E  extending 
down  to  the  throttle  of  a  quick-acting 
valve  F.  This  valve  controls  a  steam  or 
air  line  S  which  is  connected  with  the 
cylinder  H  through  the  valve  /.  When 
the  box  B  has  enough  water  in  one 
compartment  to  cause  tipping,  the  rod  E 
pulls  over  the  lever  of  the  valve  F,  ad- 
mits steam  into  the  valve  /  and  this 
throws  forward  or  back  the  piston  in  H. 
The  piston  rod  K  is  connected  with  a 
sampling  arm  M  which  is  pushed  across 
in  front  of  and  below  the  end  of  the 
belt  conveyer.  A  portion  of  the  load  of 
the  belt  falls  into  the  arm  M  as  it  passes 
and  is  diverted  into  the  sample  box  A^ 
instead  of  falling  directly  into  the  bin 
opening   O. 

A  bearing  for  the  piston  rod  is  indi- 
cated at  L.    The  arm  M.  makes  only  one 


mounted  on  a  stand  /  so  that  it  may 
easily  turn  about  the  supporting  bolt  P. 
The  box  is  restrained  in  its  motion  from 
side  to  side  by  the  stnall  stands  C.  In 
the  middle  of  the  box  is  built  a  partition 
D  extending  some  distance  above  and 
dividing  the  box  into  two  separate  units. 
A  stream  of  water  is  directed  into  the 
box  at  A  so  that  it  will  fall  into  one 
compartment  at  a  time.  When  sufficient 
water  has  run  into  one  compartment  of 
the  box  it  becomes  overbalanced  and  tips 
over,  exposing  the  other  compartment  to 
the  stream  of  water.  The  water  in  the 
first  compartment  then  runs  out  of  a 
hole  R  in  the  bottom  of  the  tipping  box. 
A  backward  and  forward  motion  of  the 
tipping  box,  which  can  be  regulated   and 

timed  to  almost  any  limits  by  increasing 

» 
•Minliii;   in;rlin'i'r,    CInlip.    Ariz. 


The  i."ni7in<«i-ini;  i  Mininj  Journoi 

Tipper  on  Hydraulic  Sampler 

trip  across  the  belt  for  each  tip  of  the 
box  and  thus  rests  on  alternate  sides 
of  the  belt  conveyer  as  alternate  sides 
of  the  box  are  filling.  The  top  of  the 
dividing  partition  D  may  be  weighted  to 
any  extent  to  allow  of  a  higher  or  lower 
water  level  in  the  tipping-box  compart- 
ments. 


Sharpening    a  Drawing  Pen* 

Sharpening  a  drawing  pen  is  not  a  task 
eagerly  sought  by  the  average  draftsman. 
In  fact,  the  pen  is  generally  allowed 
to  fall  into  a  serious  state  of  decrepitude 
before,  from  sheer  necessity,  it  is  handed 
for  repair  either  to  an  instrument  maker 
or  to  someone  who,  by  practice,  has  be- 
come expert  in  sharpening  them.  The 
usual  method  is  to  bring  the  blades  to- 
gether and  round  nPf  the  worn  points  'o 
the  desired  contour  on  a  whetstone.  The 
nibs  are  then  of  the  same  length  and 
shape.  By  careful  manipulation  of  a 
moderately  coarse  stone,  the  points  are 
ground  from  the  outside,  only,  to  a  sharp 
edge  and  finished  off  in  the  same  manner 
with  a  hard,  smooth  stone. 

'American   Machiuixt,   .\np.    11.    litto. 


1000 


THE 


While  it  is  perfectly  possible  to  satis- 
factorily sharpen  a  pen  by  this  means, 
which  is  the  one  recommended  by  at 
least  one  prominent  manufacturer,  unless 
in  skillful  hands,  the  resulting  outer  sur- 
face of  the  pen  is  more  likely  to  consist 
of  a  number  of  small  facets,  than  of  a 
continuous  contour,  and,  further,  it  is  not 
an  easy  matter  to  secure  a  uniformly 
sharp  edge  without  somewhat  marring  the 
previously  rounded  point.  On  no  account 
should  the  flat  interior  surface  of  the 
blade    ever  be    touched    with    the    stone. 

On  careful  examination  it  will  be  no- 
ticed that  the  two  blades  consist  approx- 
imately of  a  double  curved  surface  of 
revolution  intersected  by  planes.  It  fol- 
lows that  if  the  pen  is  suitably  clamped 
and  the  whetstone  be  guided  tangent  to 
the  curved  outer  surface  of  the  blade, 
the  desired  contour  will  result  from  the 
intersection  of  the  new  surface  and  the 
inner  surface,  as  the  material  is  ground 
away.  The  desired  result  may  be  ob- 
tained by  clamping  the  pen  to  a  table 
top  so  that  the  blade  projects  and  rubbing 
down  the  blade  with  a  narrow  strip  of 
carborundum  cloth.  The  only  other  tool 
required  is  an  ordinary  magnifying  glass. 

The  blades  need  not  be  initially  round- 
ed and  ground  to  the  same  length.  The 
grinding  away  of  the  material  produces 
the  correct  point,  something  like  a  nar- 
row ellipse,  and  the  blades  may  be  brougilt 
to  equal  length  by  the  obvious  method  of 
giving  the  longer  one  a  further  grinding. 
Even  with  very  little  practice,  the  results 
are  surprisingly  excellent,  and  might  eas- 
ily be  mistaken  for  the  work  of  an  instru- 
ment maker.  An  excessively  sharp  edge 
is  objectionable,  and  can  be  quickly  cor- 
rected by  a  few  strokes  on  a  piece  of 
worn  carborundum  cloth. 


Support  for  Pipes 


A  convenient  little  appliance  for  hang- 
ing up  compressed-air  and  other  pipes  in 
gangways  and  rooms  is  shown  in  the  ac- 


ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 
Vertical  Curves  in  Shafts 
By  Sheldon  Smillie* 


November  19,  1910. 


The  EnjtneeHitff  ^ 
Jlining  Journal 


Support  for  Pipes 

companying  cut.  The  hook  is  driven  into 
a  timber,  and  the  pipe  is  supported  by 
a  short  piece  of  chain  or  wire  looped 
around  it.  The  hook  can  be  taken  out 
of  the  timber  with  a  crow-bar,  and  used 
repeatedly. 


In  recent  years  the  use  of  vertical 
curves  in  shafts  has  become  more  and 
more  frequent  and  but  little  has  been 
piblished  regarding  this  important  fea- 
ture of  modern  mining  practice  of  which 
the  Lake  Superior  copper  region  fur- 
nishes several  interesting  examples.  In 
this    region    the    copper    is    found    native 


one  vertically  over  the  other,  separated  by 
rock  partings  B«d  having  a  common  col- 
lar. Another  shaft  in  the  same  district 
started  very  accurately  with  the  dip  and 
at  depth  a  crosscut  250  ft.  long  was 
required   to  reach  the   lode? 


Vertical  Curves  Adopted  in  Newer 
Shafts 

One  of  the  newest  operating  shafts, 
started  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  trend 
of  the  lode,  has  a  curve  of  less  than   12 


in  the   viscular  tops  of  interbedded   lava     "■""•    ^T    ^   '"''"'    '"^'   ^^^°'^'   ^^^   ^""^ 


flows  of  the  Keweenawn  system  which 
form  an  extremely  low-grade  ore.  Sub- 
sequent lateral  pressure  has  tilted  these 
beds  into  a  synclinal  fold  in  which  the 
western  half  of  Lake  Superior  lies.     The 


No.  1  Shaft 


face  and  at  a  depth  of  over  4000  ft.  has 
exactly  the  desired  relation  to  the  lode. 
The  Allouez  is  a  deep-level  mine,  the 
Kearsarge  lode  dipping  into  the  property 
about  1200  ft.  from  the  surface.  Allow- 
ing ample  room  for  surface  plant  the 
shaft  was  started  at  a  dip  of  80  deg.  and 
t\uned  into  the  lode  with  a  31 -deg.  26- 
min.  curve,  the  final  dip  being  38  deg. 
24  min.  The  accompanying  drawing, 
Fig.  1,  shows  the  vertical  layout  of  the 
Allouez  No.  1  shaft.  The  management 
claims  the  operation  to  be  highly  satis- 
factory and  its  other  shafts  are  being 
sunk  in  a  similar  manner.  The  No.  2 
shaft  of  the  Hancock  is  being  sunk  ver- 
tically to  intercept  the  Pewabic  lode  at 
a  depth  of  3600  ft.  and  the  management 
is  reported  to  be  contemplating  turning 
into  it  if  the  showing  warrants. 

Care  Necessary  in   Putting  in  Curves 

The  high  hoisting  speeds  of  the  dis- 
trict, up  to  4000  ft.  per  min.,  require  that 
the  curves  be  carefully  planned  and  ex- 
ecuted. The  general  position  of  the  for- 
mations is  pretty  well  known  and  when 
sinking  a  shaft  like  the  Allouez  as  the 
shaft  nears  the  lode  diamond-drill  holes 
are  driven  in  various  directions  which  lo- 
cate the  bed  with  accuracy.  After  decid- 
ing on  the  radius,  etc.,  the  inclination  of 
each  set  of  timbers  is  calculated  and  the 
timbers  set  with  an  accurate  clinometer. 

Curves  of  Large  Radius  Being  Used 

The  curves  of  large  radius  present 
greater  difficulties  because  the  arc  so 
nearly  approaches  the  straight  line,  and 
the  length  is  so  great  that  they  take 
months  to  sink.  A  section  of  the  territory 
through  which  the  shaft  is  to  be  sunk 
should  be  constructed  on  a  large  scale 
and  the  various  curves  plotted  for  com- 
parison. This  section  is  desirable  for 
Long   Crosscuts   Required  from    Early     determining    the    best    terminal    dip    and 

the  horizontal  distance  and  elevation  of 
any  point  through  which  the  curve  is  to 
prss. 


Fig.  I. 


+  1  I  ■If 

TAfl  EnginceHnff  ^  Jllining  Journal 

Section  on  Line  of  No.  1 
Allouez  Shaft 


eroded  edges  form  the  backbone  of  the 
Keweenaw  peninsula  and  Isle  Royale, 
and  dip  at  an  angle  of  about  70  deg., 
flattening  just  south  of  Portage  lake 
with  depth,  and  to  the  north  and  south. 


Shafts  ■ 

Early  inclined  shafts  sunk  in  the 
steeper  portions  were  found  to  gradually 
run  into  the  footwall,  necessitating  with 
depth  long  and  expensive  crosscuts,  the 
difference  in  dip  at  the  surface  and  the 
bottom  of  some  of  the  shafts  being  over 
2S  deg.  In  the  Old  Franklin  mine  at 
the  eighth  level  (about  525  ft.  from 
si^rface)    there   are   three  distinct  shafts. 


•MInini; 


rnnliK'iM'.    ISronxville.    N.    Y. 


The  older  curves  of  the  district  are 
plain  circular  arcs,  but  as  the  catenary  is 
the  ideal,  it  is  the  desire  of  engineers 
to  approximate  it.  It  is  a  perfectly  pos- 
sible curve,  but  its  equation  involving 
fractional  exponents,  necessitates  very 
elaborate  figuring.  The  first  attempt  was 
<".  compound  curve  of  decreasing  radii 
but  with  no  regard  to  the  length  of  each 


November  19,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1001 


arc.  Curves  up  to  60  min.  have  been 
successfully  used  without  back  shears, 
this  curve  being  somewhat  sharp  and  the 
rope  only  hitting  the  back  during  the 
period  of  acceleration.  It  is  evident  that 
a  catenary  would  permit  slightly  sharper 
curves  so  that  when  I  recently  had  occa- 
sion to  lay  out  a  new  shaft  a  parabolic 
curve  was  decided  on.  In  general,  a 
parabolic  curve  starting  with  the  same 
initial  dip  and  passing  through  the  same 
point   will    have   a   greater   radius   at   the 

O M A_ 


Fic.  2.    Curve  on  Circular  Arc 

beginning    and    have    attained    a    greater 
deflection  at  the   common   point. 

Position   of    Each    Timber    Set    Deter- 
mined BY  Transit 

Before  proceeding  to  the  formulas  for 
calculating  the  curves  an  idea  of  the 
irethod  of  laying  them  out  in  the  shaft 
will  give  a  clearer  idea  of  the  informa- 
tion required  from  them.  A  station  is 
established  at  the  brace  or  collar  of  the 
shaft  in  the  center  of  one  of  the  road- 
ways and  serves  as  an  origin  from  which 
the  vertical  and  horizontal  distances  are 
figured.  The  center  line  of  the  road  is 
kept  on  a  series  of  plugs  in  the  hanging- 
wall,  new  ones  being  added  as  the  sink- 
ing progresses.  A  plumb  hung  a  certain 
distance  below  the  nail  in  the  plug  gives 
the  position  of  the  face  of  the  runners 
at  that  point. 

A  plug  having  been  placed  in  the  skip 
hole  below  the  bottom  level,  by  previous 
work  from  above,  the  instrument  is  set 
up  at  the  level  and  lined  in  between  the 
p'.fmb  at  the  plug  and  lamps  hung  as  far 
up  the  shaft  as  the  curve  permits.  A 
small  hole  through  the  protecting  arch 
below  permits  the  placing  of  a  new  plug 
en  line  at  the  bottom  of  the  new  work. 
Two  tapings  and  readings  of  vertical 
ngles  are  made  to  as  many  positions 
'  f  the  plumb  bob  as  a  check,  and  the  in- 
strument located  from  three  old  plugs 
(three  being  used  so  that  in  event  af 
error  there  are  two  checks). 

The  horizontal  distance  and  difference 
of  elevation  from  the  origin  are  computed 
in  the  office.  The  position  of  the  point  of 
curve  being  known,  the  horizontal  differ- 
ence is  inserted  as  .v  in  the  formulas  and 


the  difference  of  elevation  of  a  point  on 
the  curve  directly  below  the  station  com- 
puted. The  difference  in  elevation  be- 
tween this  point  and  the  station  is  known 
as  the  "drop."  A  plumb  is  hung  at  this 
drop  and  a  line  pulled  from  the  ends  of 
the  rails,  or  a  previous  drop,  guides  the 
sinking,  the  foot,  hanging  and  side  clear- 
ances being  known.  When  a  lift  has 
been  sunk  the  line  is  again  pulled  and 
the  timbers  squared,  leveled  and 
wedged  into  position.  In  squaring,  a  light 
plumb  is  hung  from  the  line  a  short 
distance  above  the  timber  and  a  car- 
penter's square  set  close  to  the  line  along 
one  edge  of  the  timber  and  revolved  from 
the  line  down  along  the  plumb.  The 
timber  is  blocked  square  and  level  when 
the  square  coincides  with  the  line  and 
piumb  throughout  its  revolution. 

Equations    for    Circular   Arc 

The  derivation  of  the  formulas  is 
merely  a  practical  application  of  analyt- 
ical geometry  or  calculus.  Let  A  be  the 
origin  of  reference  on  a  circular  arc, 
P.  C.  the  point  of  curve,  R  the  radius 
of  curvature  and  a  the  dip  of  tangent 
at   the   P.   C.     Then   referring  to   Fig.   2, 

O  L  ^  A'  sui ■  a=  Q, 
a  constant  for  any  curve. 


Fig.  3.    Curve  on  Parabolic  Arc 


OM  =  (>L  —  1.M  =()  —  X 


and 


Sin .  fi  ■■ 


R     ' 


Also 

SM  =  R  COS.  a=K, 
a  constant  for  any  curve. 

AS  =  y  =  R  COS.  (i  —  K. 

This  gives  the  difference  of  elevation 
from  the  point  of  curve  to  the  curve  at 
any  given  horizontal  distance  from  the 
origin  x.     Incidentally  the  length, 

a -a 


ing  the  relation  sin.-  A  +  cosr  A  =  1  the 
two  steps  may  be  combined  and 

This  form  is  used  as  a  check  on  com- 
putations by  the  first  method  and  in 
determining  the  squares  by  logarithms  it 
is  only  necessary  to  use  the  first  five 
significant  figures. 

Equations  for  Parabolic  Curve 

The  equations  for  a  parabolic  curve 
are  deduced  a  trifle  differently.  Using 
the  same  general  notation,  referring  to 
Fig.  3,  the  equation  of  a  parabola  is 
.r  =  4aj'  and  the  tangent  equals  the 
first    differential    with    respect    to    x;    so 


Tan.a  =  ^l. 


Let  the  distance  P.  C.  to  D  —  Q,  a  con- 
stant for  any  parabola,  and  D  O  =  K, 
also  a  constant  for  any  parabola.  Then 
from  the  equation  of  the  tangent,  as  Q 
and  K  are  special  values  of  x  and  y, 
K  =  a  tan."  a,  Q  —  2  a  tan.  a,  Q  -i-  Xi  = 
X  and  K  —  j'  =  j'i,    by     construction,    is 

4  " 


J'  =  - 


4.;  4n  4  .; 

The  tangent  of  the  dip  at  any  point  = 


\  a  20 


Radius   of  curvature  at  /lis,/?: 


cos.-^  P' 


Application  of  Formulas  Involves 

Solving   of   Simultaneous 

Equations 

To  determine  a  curve  to  fulfil  certain 
conditions,  the  coordinates  of  two  points 
are  inserted  in  the  equation  of  the  curve 
and  the  inclination  at  one  of  them  in 
that  of  the  tangent.  Solving  the  three 
simultaneously  gives  the  constants  for 
the  desired  curve.  For  example,  what 
circular  arc  will  start  at  a  certain  point 
with  a  dip  of  70  deg.  and  pass  the  point 
A  ft.  horizontally  and  /J  ft.  vertically 
from    the    P.    C.V      Substituting    values. 

Tan.  70  =  -. 

X 

xr  +  y  =  R\ 
(X  —  AY+  (y  +  BVz=R' 
R  is  the  radius  and  .v  and  y  will  be 
the  Q  and  K  of  the  required  arc.  Q  and 
K  are  the  coordinates  of  the  P.  C.  in 
respect  to  the  origin  of  the  curve  co- 
ordinates, and,  for  the  purpose  of  chang- 
ing them  to  those  of  the  shaft,  when  the 
curve  is  determined  on  the  values  of  Q, 
K.  R,  log.  R  or  log.  4ii,  the  horizontal 
and  vertical  coordinate  of  the  P.  C.  and 
the  curve  formula  are  placed  conspicu- 
ously in  the  book  for  shaft  notes  where 
they  can  be  readily  found,  preferably 
inside  the  back  cover. 


L  =  100  - 


D    • 


/3  being  the  dip  of  the  tangent  at  A.     Us- 


The  Oriental  Mining  Company  reports 
that  in  its  last  fiscal  year  31,605  assays 
cost  them  S6017.76,  or  19.04c.  per  assay. 


1002 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


Fourth  Annual  Report  of  Nevada  Consolidated 

Ore  Reserves,  40,360,823  Tons;  Copper  Content    1.70  per  cent.;  Concen- 
tration 10.6  :  1;    Percentage  Extraction  69.5;  Copper  Cost  7.05  c.  per  lb. 

ORE  DEVELOPED  FOR  1 6  YEARS'  OPERATION 


The  fourth  annual  report  of  the  Nevada 
Consolidated  Copper  Company  for  the 
year  ended  Sept.  30,  1910,  is  one  of  the 
most  complete  and  satisfactory  reports 
ever  issued  by  an  American  mining  com- 
pany, and  a  thorough  perusal  will  give 
its  stockholders  a  comprehensive  idea  of 
the  important  operations  of  this  company. 
The  report  of  Pope  Yeatman,  consulting 
engineer  for  the  company,  is  reproduced 
herewith  practically  in  full. 

Mr.  Yeatman's    Report 

The  addition  to  the  claim  area  of  the 
property  during  last  year  was  48  claims 
acquired  from  the  Cumberland-Ely  Cop- 
per Company,  when  that  company  was 
purchased  by  the  Nevada  Consolidated 
Copper  Company  on  Aug.  30,  1910.  The 
company  also  acquired  the  Cumberland- 
Ely  Copper  Company's  half  interest  in 
the  Nevada  Northern  railway,  and  its  in- 
terest in  the  Steptoe  Valley  Smelting  and 
Mining  Company. 

Prospecting  by  means  of  churn  drills 
was  carried  on  during  the  year;  85  holes 
were  drilled,  amounting,  with  some  re- 
drilling  of  old  holes,  to  24,146  ft.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  there  was  some  prospecting 
done  in  drilling  in  the  Copper  Flat  pit  for 
blasting  purposes,  but  this  drilling  is  not 
included  in  the  above.  The  total  number 
of  holes  to  date  is  173,  amounting  to 
51,755  feet. 

These  drilling  operations  were  on  five 
porphyry  areas:  The  Eureka,  covering 
the  Liberty,  Hecla  and  Copper  Flat  ore- 
bodies;  the  Ruth;  the  Kimbley;  the  Tur- 
koy;  a  small  porphyry  area  on  the  Aug- 
ust and  several  drill  holes  on  the  Boss 
of  Nevada,  which  showed  surface  indi- 
cation of  contact  ore. 

On  the  Eureka  group  the  outlines  of 
the  orebody  have  been  practically  de- 
termined, but  some  of  the  old  drill  holes 
have  not  been  put  down  deep  enough, 
so  that  the  full  depth  of  the  profitable 
ore  is  not  yet  fixed.  On  the  Ruth  group 
both  the  depth  and  the  boundaries  have 
been  pretty  well  defined. 

The  porphyry  area  on  the  Kimbley  has 
looked  promising,  but  we  have  not  yet 
been  able  to  develop  ore  of  great  enoufrh 
volume  or  high  enough  grade  to  be 
profitable  by  underground  mining  meth- 
ods. The  capping  is  too  thick  for  steam- 
shovel   work. 

The  Turkey  showed  a  comparatively 
thin  bed  of  porphyry  but  of  no  value, 
nor  was  anything  found  on  either  the 
August  or  Boss  of  Nevada. 


Ore  Reserves 

During  last  year  the  ore  reserves  were 
considerably  increased.  This  was  due 
principally  to  the  determination  of  ore  of 
greater  depth,  but  of  lower  grade  than 
the  upper  portion  of  the  deposit,  and  the 
development  of  ore  on  the  Hecla  connect- 
ing the  Liberty  and  Copper  Flat  sections. 
The  Copper  Flat  and  Liberty  areas  were 
but    slightly    increased. 

The  ore  now  developed  and  its  esti- 
mated contents  is  as  follows:  Estimate 
of  1909,  30,073.000  tons  containing  1.991 
per  cent,  copper.  Ore  developed  during 
year  ended  Sept.  30,  1910:  Eureka, 
4,572,400  tons  containing  1.48  per  cent, 
copper;  Liberty,  2,418,255  tons  with  1.32 
per  cent,  copper,  and  Hecla,  7,509,900 
tons  averaging  1.15  per  cent,  copper. 
The  low-grade  material  developed  during 
t'.-e  past  year  in  the  main,  will  be  the 
last  ore  mined,   being  the  deeper. 

NEVAD.A.  CONSOLIDATED  ORE  RESERVES. 


Tons. 

Copper 
per  cent . 

Ore    developed    during    the 

.year 

Ore  developed  to  date 

14,500,555 

44,573,555 

3,421.275 

791.457 

1.28 
1.761 
2 . 1,53 

Unprofitable     ore,     on    ac- 

Total  ore  reserve..  . 

40,360.823 

l.'TO 

Mining 

As  was  the  case  previously,  all  min- 
ing has  been  done  by  steam  shovels  in 
the  Copper  Flat  pit  and  no  difficulties 
have  been  encountered  in  carrying  on 
this  work.  The  deepest  point  reached  is 
about  78  ft.  below  the  main-line  tracks 
cr  approximately  100  ft.  below  the  cap- 
ping. This,  however,  is  only  a  small 
area.  Water  level  has  been  reached,  but 
the  flow  is  so  small  that  the  additional 
expense  is  almost  inappreciable. 

The  eastern  limits  of  the  orebody  have 
been  about  reached,  and  hereafter  the 
mining  will  be  done  in  the  bottom  and  on 
the  western  face.  We  shall  have  this 
winter  three  terraces  of  ore  to  work  on, 
aggregating  in  the  neighborhood  of  150 
ft.  The  reason  for  this  extra  thickness 
is  that  the  contact  between  the  capping 
and  leached  porphyry  rises  toward  the 
west,  giving  a  higher  face  of  ore. 

During  the  year  2,236,434  dry  tons  of 
sulphide  ore,  assaying  2.06  per  cent, 
copper,  were  mined  and  delivered  to  the 
smeltery.  This  is  lower  grade  than  was 
mined  last  year,  due  to  the  fact  that 
deeper  ore  was  mined,  and  also  ore  from 


the  eastern  edge  of  the  deposit  close  to 
the  rhyolite,  which  is  of  lower  grade  than 
in  the  main  body  of  the  Copper  Flat  pit. 
All  this  was  to   be   expected. 

The  plan  as  laid  out  will  allow  mining 
at  a  greater  depth  to  which  the  profitable 
ore  is  known  to  extend,  without  requiring 
further  rights  of  way  or  additional  prop- 
erty. 

During  the  year,  silicious  carbonate 
ore  amounting  to  144,381  dry  tons  of  bet- 
ter than  2.50  per  cent,  copper  were  mined, 
of  which  76,331  dry  tons  were  crushed 
and  delivered  to  the  smeltery  and  68,052 
tons  were  put  into  mine  storage.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  there  has  been  considerable 
silicious  carbonate  ore  put  into  a  separate 
dump  without  being  sorted. 

The  silicious  carbonate  ore  has  been 
mined  faster  than  the  requirements  at  the 
smeltery  demanded.  This  had  to  be 
taken  out  in  the  course  of  removing  the 
overburden,  and  it  has  been  necessary 
to  store  the  carbonate  for  the  future 
needs  of  the  reverberatory  and  convert- 
ing plants.  The  major  portion  of  the 
carbonate  ore  has  probably  been  mined. 

Stripping  of  Copper  Flat  Area 

The  yardage  of  overburden  removed 
during  the  year  was  1,163,069.  To  this 
should  be  added  329,346  cu.yd.  of  ap- 
proach work,  making  a  total  of  1,492,- 
415  cu.yd.  The  Copper  Flat  pit  has 
now  been  stripped  over  an  area  of  22 
acres.  In  fact  this,  with  the  exception 
of  two  cuts  at  the  west  end,  covers  the 
developed  area  of  Copper  flat. 

Owing  to  the  grade  of  slopes  neces- 
sary in  order  to  get  to  the  deeper  ore, 
a  larger  amount  of  waste  material  will 
have  to  be  taken  out  than  is  represented 
by  the  overburden. 

Liberty  Pit    Area 

Stripping  the  west  end  of  the  Liberty 
pit  was  begun  in  August,  the  ap- 
proach tracks  having  been  started  in  July. 
There  is  only  one  shovel  employed  on 
this  work,  but  another  will  be  added  later 
on.  The  Liberty  pit  can  be  put  in  shape 
for  the  extraction  of  ore  in  the  spring  of 
1911. 

Disposal  of  Overburden 

For  disposal  of  the  overburden  of  the 
steam-shovel  pits,  we  are  well  supplied 
with  dumping  ground  situated  compara- 
tively near  the  operations  and  we  have 
been  granted  rights  of  way  so  as  to 
reach  the  dumps  conveniently.  In  spite 
of  the  increased  mill  capacity  the  strip- 
ping has  been  carried  far  enough  ahead 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1003 


to  prepare  for  this,  and  the  Copper  Flat  necessary  on  account  of  the  extra  over-  the  ore,  but  also  such  overburden  as  will 
pit  is  now  in  excellent  shape  for  thj  burden  to  be  handled  in  order  to  open  have  to  be  removed  to  allow  for  safe 
winter  campaign.  There  are  seven  steam  an  extra  amount  of  ore,  due  to  the  in-  working  in  the  bottom  of  the  orebody. 
shovels  in  operation  in  both  pits,  of  creased  capacity  of  the  Steptoe  plant,  and  In  other  words  to  allow  for  proper  slopes 
which   two   are   on   ore,   one   is   reserved      on  account  of  the  added  amount  of  ore     in  the  shovel  pit. 

developed  during  the  last  year.  Stripping  costs  averaged    40.60c.    per 

cu.yd.,  but  it  is  hoped  to  reduce  this  ex- 
pense.    First,  because  of  the  completion 
Including  charges  of  every  description,     of  a  large  amount  of  preliminary  work. 


and  four  removing  overburden. 

Improvements  during  the  year  have 
been  in  the  direction  of  completing  the 
power  plant  and  hoist  at  the   Ruth  mine. 


Operating  Costs 


anJS    Li      ii 


Vertical  Section  through  the  Copper  Flat  Group 


ffhe  Kngineeriny  ^  Mining  Journal 


ffit  Ji'nffinttrin^  J   Miniitff  Journal 


Copper  Flat  Group  of  the  Nevada  Consolidated  Copper  Company 


« 


purchase  of  three  new  steam  shovels, 
ine  locomotive,  one  Keystone  and  one 
^t.Tr  drill,  a  number  of  dump  cars,  tools 
md  equipment,  extra  cniployees'cottages, 
xtra  trackage,  a  water  reservoir  and 
^ome  minor   equipment. 

There  are  now  under  order  over  twenty 
18-yd.  dump  cars  and  three  locomotives. 


such  as  labor,  supplies,  repairs,  man- 
agement, taxes,  proportion  of  general  and 
New  York  expenses,  etc.,  the  mining 
costs  have  averaged  15.40c.  per  dry  ton. 
An  additional  charge  of  15c.  per  ton  of 
ore  has  been  made  to  cover  stripping  re- 
demption and  charges  based  not  only  on 
removing   the   overburden   directly   above 


and  second,  because  of  less  trouble  antic- 
ipated due  to  bars  of  silicious-carbonate 
ore  in  the  overburden  which  caused 
greater  trouble  in  blasting  and  handling. 
The  cost  for  mining  carbonate  ore  has 
been  67.77c.  per  dry  ton. 

Transportation   between   the  mine   and 
the  Steptoe  plant  has  been  satisfactory. 


1004 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


the  only  difficulties  being  in  the  winter 
months  when  some  trouble  is  experi- 
enced through  freezing  of  ore  in  the  cars. 
By  using  plenty  of  rolling  stock,  quick 
loading  and  removal  to  the  concentrator 
bins,  the  difficulty  should  be  reduced  to 
a  minimum. 

Owing  'o  the  increased  tonnage 
handled,  the  Nevada  Northern  railway 
has  arranged  to  add  100  ore  cars  to  its 
equipment,  which  will  greatly  increase 
the  efficiency   of  the   service. 

Capacity   of   Concentrator    Increased 

The  plant  worked  satisfactorily  during 
the  year,  but  the  capacity  has  been  in- 
creased, so  that  now  the  concentrator  can 
handle  over  8000  tons  of  ore  per  day, 
the  concentrates  from  which  can  be 
handled  by  the  smeltery.  The  increased 
capacity  has  resulted  from  improvements 


to  drought,  it  was  possible  to  furnish 
plenty  of  water  for  concentration  pur- 
poses. 

Smelting  Operations 

The  roasting  plant  operated  satisfac- 
torily and  no  additions  were  necessary. 
It  was  found  sufficiently  large  for  all 
requirements. 

The  reverberatories  have  continued  to 
do  good  work  with  a  good  output  result- 
ing in  satisfactory  costs.  On  Aug.  9 
No.  5  reverberatory  was  put  in  commis- 
sion. 

The  blast  furnace  was  completed  dur- 
ing the  year  but  it  was  not  found  neces- 
sary to  place   it  in  commission. 

Converting   Plant 
No    changes   have   been   made    in    the 
converter  plant,  except  in  detail,  and  it  is 
of  sufficient  capacity  to  handle  the  matte 


proved    the   wisdom    of  the   expenditures 
made. 

Forty-seven  new  houses  were  erected  in 
the  main  village.  A  property  fence  was 
put  around  the  smeltery  and  power 
house,  the  wing  of  which  extends  to  the 
concentrator.  The  fire  lines  were  ex- 
tended and  general  water  service  in- 
creased. 

Production  and  Costs 

The  yield  from  all  ore  mined  and  con- 
centrated, and  from  silicious  carbonate 
ore  delivered  to  the  smeltery,  amounted 
to  62,772,342  lb.  of  copper  and  blister 
copper  amounting  to  60,513,009  lb.  of 
refined  copper  were  shipped. 

The  total  cost  per  lb.  of  copper  was 
7.37c..  and  deducting  miscellaneous  earn- 
ings, but  including  funds  to  cover  im- 
provements and   depreciation,  this  is  re- 


LEGEND 

PORPHYRY   BOUNDARY 

OR^  n 


Tlie  E'liiinftriny  ^  Mininy  Jiiumal 


The  Ruth  Group  of  the  Nevada  Consolidated  Copper  Co.mpany 


in  the  concentrator  which  gives  better 
distribution  and  classification  of  material- 
more  regular 'operations  and  considering 
the  grade,  better  extraction,  and  addi- 
tional furnace  capacity. 

The  four  units  of  the  concentrator, orig- 
inally designed  for  less  than  6000  tons 
per  day  are  able  now  to  handle  8000 
tons. 

The  main  changes  made  in  the 
plant  during  the  year  have  been  in  the 
Increased  size  of  the  settling  tanks,  so 
as  to  be  able  to  return  the  water  for 
concentration  purpose;  putting  in  extra 
water  pumps;  a  new  system  of  classifi- 
cation and  improving  the  fine  grinding.  In 
spite    of   the    low    stage    of   water,    due 


produced.  In  order  to  reduce  costs,  how- 
ever, it  has  been  determined  to  put  in 
basic-lined  converters,  the  good  ■wonc  of 
v.'hich  has  been  elsewhere  well  proved 
during  the  last  year. 

General   Improvements 

All  machinery  in  the  power  house  has 
worked  well.  The  only  addition  of  im- 
portance to  the  plant  has  been  the  in- 
stallation of  a  new  IS.OOO-cu.ft.  blower 
for  the  converting  plant. 

A  large  amount  of  work  has  been  done 
on  the  water  rights  in  the  Duck  Creek 
valley  in  order  to  conserve  as  much  wa- 
ter as  possible,  especially  during  the  dry 
season,    and    the    results    obtained    have 


duced  to  7.05c.  These  costs  include  all 
possible  charges,  such  as  costs  in  Nev- 
ada, shipping,  refining,  marketing,  legal 
expenses,  taxes,  and  New  York  expenses. 

RE.SUT.TS  OBTAINED  nURI\(i  THE  LAST 
FI.SCAI,YE.\H.\T  NEVADA  CONSOLIDATED. 

Tons  of  on-  treated  (dryl 2.2.'?T.n2R 

.Average  copper  content,  per  cent 2.06 

PerceiilaKe  of  extraction  (Cu) 69.52 

liatio  of  conoentration 10.6  to  1 

Cold  content  (oz.  per  ton> O.OISI 

Silver  content  (oz.  per  ton) 0  O.S79 

PercenlaKe  of  extraction  (frold)  per  cent.  ID  78 
Percentat-'e  of  extraction  (silver)  percent  48.38 
.AveraKe  Kold  and  silver  reco^•e^ed  per 

ton  of  ore 21   I4C 

.\verage  copper  in  concentrate,  per  cent .        15.21 

Auditor's  Report 

The    accoinpanying    tables    show    the 
profit  and  loss  account  for  the  year,  and 


November   19.   HMO. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1005 


a  statement  of  the  assets  and  liabilities. 
of  the  company  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year. 

PKdKIT  AMI  ].i).-i,s  roR  YE.Ml  K.VDEI) 
SEPT.  .in,  1910. 
Gross  Hevenue: 

Copper   produced    62.772.342    11).    at 

12.7."ir S  8.008,11 

Cold  anil  .-silver  produced 472;9S3 


$8,481,129 
Operating  Expenses; 

Mininc.  including  portion  of  .stripping 

expense S    721.4.S7 

Freiglil  on  ore 600,967 

.Milling 1,379,647 

Smelting 1,327,447 

Rent  of  .'<tcploc  plant  (including  pro- 
portion of  dcl)rcci;ilion  I  1 ,0;i9.7.'»L* 
Freight  and  ri-tiniiii:  9K1,7.*>7 
Selling  coiniuission  .si.fi^n 


$6.13.5.747 


Net  opeiating  profit 
Miscellaneous  Income; 
dividends  on  in\estineni 


$2,:M.-),3S2 


81,223,43.-. 

Interest  on  l)onds 21.77>; 

Interest  and  discount ...  7.9(ii) 

Rentals  and  miscellaneous  income. . .  7.7.'»2 


SI. 263. 92.-. 


Total  Income $3,609,307 

I.e.s,s  interest  on  bonds $      26.999 

Less  maintenance  Cumberland-Ely. .  1,.'.21 


S      2S..520 

Net  profit  for  the  year .M.. WO, 787 

ASSETS  .XNI)  U.\BILIT1ES.  SEPT.  311.   1910. 

.\SSETS. 

Se]lt,  :ill. 

Properly:  19  in.  Increase. 

Cost  of  mines  le.ss  extin- 

KuislurHMlt .S   .-..473.890   $1,893,242 

EiiuipTiicnt  and  develop- 
ment   760.362         134.701 

Investments: 

Par  value  of  stock  and 
bonds  of  Steploe  \al- 
ley  Smelting  and  .Mill- 
ing Company  and 
Nevada  Northern  Hall- 
way     10,900,000     5.630.000 

Deferred  Charges  to  Oijerations: 
Cost  of  opening  up  pits, 
shafts,    striping, 
tracks,  shovels,  etc  . .      1,179,112        438,327 

rrustee<l  Stock: 
Par    value    of    Nevaria 

Consolidated        stock 

held  in   trust    to  con- 
vert  outstan<ling   .Ne- 

V  a  cl  a     Consolidated 

and  Xevaiia  .Northern 

Hallway  bonds l„'-,nO  *3,643,000 

Material  and  supplies  on 

hand 163.344  62,,S41 

Accounts  collectable  ..         270,909      •10.-),724 
.Metals  on  hand   and   in 

transit..  .      2,929,909        4.80,118 

<'ash 219,477  •36,624 


.<2I.898..-.03 
l.l.MiM.rri]-:"^. 
Capital  stock  i.ssiied  $  9.977.73.-1  $1,977  73.-. 

ilonds  outsianding  ,iOO  •2,784,000 

[leferred  Liability.  Trusteed  Stock: 
Par  value  trusteed  stock 

for  converting  similar 

amount    Nevada  .Vor- 

Iherri  Railway  bonds  •430.000 

Accounts  |,:iyable  431.073  173.289 

T  npaid     treatment     on 

metals .520.448  10.-..998 

~MrpIiis: 

\mount  realized  from 
capital  stock  and  se- 
curities sold  in  exce.ss 
of  oar  value  or  cost . .      8,360,486     .5,287.007 

Mcl.-il  price  reserve .51,198  .51,199 

1  udiviileil  profits 2, .5.57 .062        472  6.53 


l>Ccre.T^ 


S2l.S9.s;..5n2 


The  report  also  gives  the  following  fig- 
ires  for  the  Steptoe  Valley  Smelting  and 
'^lining  Company: 
Assets;     Real  estate  and  construction, 

^^.00.^,024;     bonds,     S25,000;     supplies, 


$415,228;  accounts  collectable,  S173,887; 
and   cash  on   hand,  571,042. 

Liabilities:  Capital  stock,  $7,900,000; 
accounts  payable,  $261,564;  deferred  ac- 
counts, $33,423;  depreciation  reserve, 
$495,195. 

Net  income.  ,$627,385;  dividends  paid, 
$627,385.  The  gross  income  was  S  1,080,- 
546   for  the   period  covered. 


Method  of  Breaking  Matte 

The  object  of  a  patent  (U.  S.  Pat.  964,- 
275,  July  12,  1910)  granted  W.  D.  Kil- 
bourn,  of  Murray,  Utah,  is  to  so  handle 
matte  that  on  cooling  it  will  separate  into 
fragments,  and  can  be  delivered  to  a 
crusher  without  being  manually  broken. 
Mr.  Kilbourn  found  that  by  impressing  a 
shape  upon  the  matte,  advantage  may  be 
taken  of  its  rapid  and  unequal  cooling 
qualities,  causing  it  to  fracture  along  the 


Matte-casting    Apparatus 

lines  of  impression.  To  make  the  im- 
pression, metal  forms  are  employed,  as 
for  example,  an  octagonal-pointed  star, 
the  elongated  portions  being  fastened  to- 
gether at  the  center,  and  having  V-shaped 
cross-sections. 

Referring  to  the  accompanying  figure, 
the  matte  is  drawn  into  the  pan  B  in  the 
usual  manner.  The  shaper  A  is  dipped 
into  a  clay  wash,  and  then  depressed  into 
the  matte  and  kept  there  a  few  seconds. 
It  is  then  lifted,  and  when  the  thin  coat- 
ing adhering  to  it  has  cooled,  it  is  em- 
bedded again  in  the  matte  from  12  to  18 
min.  before  removing.  The  inatte  is  lifted 
from  the  pan  by  a  hoist,  and  taken  to  a 
convenient  place  where  it  may  be  cooled 
rapidly. 

In  the  final  cooling,  the  fractures  due  to 
the  extretne  contraction  of  the  mass  oc- 
cur, and  these  fractures  are  along  the 
lines  of  the  most  constricted  areas,  which 
is  from  the  bottom  of  the  grooves  formed 
by  the  shaper. 


The  Bureau  of  Mines 


Washington  Correspondence 


Preparations  have  been  completed  for 
transferring  the  Bureau  of  Mines  from 
the  Geological  Survey  building  to  the 
former  Bureau  of  Education  building, 
near  the  Interior  Department  where  prac- 
tically the  whole  building  will  be  turned 
over  to  the  new  bureau.  The  separation 
of  the  technological  work,  the  testing  of 
structural  materials,  etc.,  has  already 
been  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Stand- 
ards and  administrative  arrangements  of 
corresponding  character  have  been 
worked  out. 

Director  George  Otis  Sinith,  of 
the  Geological  Survey,  who  recently 
returned  from  Europe  after  an  absence 
lasting  most  of  the  summer,  has  gone  to 
California  for  a  lengthy  stay  and  the 
changes  in  connection  with  the  organiz- 
ation of  the  Bureau  designed  to  place  it 
on  a  completely  independent  basis  will 
be  made,  it  is  understood,  without  any 
consultation  between  him  and  the  head 
of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  it  being  Mr. 
Smith's  view  that  no  cooperation  is  pos- 
sible between  the  two  bureaus.  Hence- 
forward it  is  expected  to  conduct  the 
Buieau  of  Mines  as  an  entirely  separate 
and  distinct  bureau,  having  no  relation  to 
the  Geological  Survey.  This  is  the  re- 
verse of  the  plan  that  had  been  contem- 
plated in  a  number  of  quarters  up  to 
the  time  that  the  present  chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  was  appointed  and  even 
for  a  considerable  period  thereafter. 

The  status  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  as 
a  working  organization  and  its  probable 
growth  in  the  immediate  future  will,  ac- 
cording to  present  expectations,  be  prac- 
tically determined  this  winter.  Dr.  J.  A. 
Holmes,  the  present  chief,  is  expected 
to  make  a  full  report  concerning  the 
Bureau  of  Mines,  its  future  work  and 
the  type  of  its  organization  and  this  will 
presuinably  be  dealt  with  by  Congress  in 
a  manner  different  from  that  which  has 
been  characteristic  of  recent  sessions. 
Upon  all  occasions,  when  the  affairs  of 
the  Bureau  of  Mines  were  under  con- 
sideration, there  has  been  a  tendency 
to  allow  issues  to  become  confused 
largely  as  a  result  of  the  constant  conflict 
between  the  Geological  Survey  and  those 
who  advocated. the  expansion  of  the  func- 
tions now  embraced  in  the  Bureau  of 
Mines. 

The  intervention  of  the  Bureau  of 
Standards  last  winter  still  further  em- 
barrassed the  situation  and  now  it  is  be- 
lieved that  for  the  first  time  it  will  be 
possible  for  those  who  believe  in  the 
work  to  secure  the  distinct  expression 
of  the  attitude  of  Congress  uninfluenced 
by  extraneous  considerations.  Several 
propositions  for  expanding  and  strength- 
ening the  work  of  the  Bureau  are  expec 
ed  to  be  made. 


1006 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


October  Operations  of  Goldfield 
Consolidated 

The  preliminary  report  of  operations  of 
the  Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines  Com- 
pany for  October  shows  that  25,764  dry 
tons  with  a  gross  value  of  SI, 069,048 
were  mined.  Compared  with  returns  for 
September,  the  October  figures  show  an 
ir.sreased  production  amounting  to  1546 
tons  or  S225.824.  The  average  value  per 
ton  of  the  ore  produced  in  October  was 
201  oz.  gold  as  compared  with  1.69  oz. 
for  September  and  1.78  oz.  for  August. 

Milling  Operations 
The  performance  of  the  mill  during 
October,  1910,  was  as  follows:  Dry  tons 
milled,  25,471;  average  value  per  ton, 
S32.21;  total  value,  ,S820.483;  loss  in 
tailings,  $64,691;  value  realized,  $755,- 
792;  percentage  extracted,  92.12.  A  fall- 
ing off  in  extraction  percentage  is  evi- 
denced. In  September  93.04  per  cent,  of 
the  gross  value  of  the  ore  was  recovered; 
in  August,  93.43  per  cent.;  in  July,  94.03. 
The  management  believes  these  variations 

OCTOBER  EXPENSES  AT  GOLDFIELD 
CON.SOLID.\TED. 

.\mount.     Per  Ton. 
General: 

Bullion  tax  and  marketing 

bullion S  18,000       

.\rlnunistration,  etc 20,000       

S  38.000  S  1 .  48 

Mining 92.000  3 .  57 

Marketing  higti-grade  ore. .. .       21,000  O.Sl 

Tran.sportation 3,000  0.12 

Milling: 

Milling  and  cyan  i(l- 

ing $62,S,iO 

ilarketing  concen- 
trate   residues. .     13,.3.S0 

76,2.30  2.96 

Con.st  ruction 60,000  2 .  33 

Net  cost.. 8290,230      SI  1.27 

Loss  in  tailings 64.691  2.51 

Total  co.sts  and  lo.sses  .  .  .  .  .S354.921      .S13.78 

to   be   due   to  temporary   change   in   the 
character  of  the  ore. 

A  profit  of  S27.71  per  ton  milled  was 
realized.  The  total  value  of  the  ore 
milled  was  S4I.49  per  ton  and  the  total 
profit  for  the  month,  $714,127.  The  per- 
centage of  profit  figured  66.80.  In  Sep- 
tember the  percentage  of  profit  was 
70.05. 

Developments 

General  Manager  ,J.  R.  Finlay  states 
that  the  general  appearance  of  the  mine 
is  exceedingly  good.  The.  amount  of  ad- 
vance measured  in  new  headings  in  Octo- 
ber was  as  follows:  Combination,  474 
ft.;  Mohawk,  1501;  Red  Top,  793;  Cler- 
mont, 1251;  total,  4019  ft.  The  total 
development  done  by  the  coinpany  for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  with  October  was 
41,938  ft.,  not  including  that  done  by  the 
leasers.  The  total  dry  tons  mined  in  the 
same  period  was  266,867,  so  that  the  de- 
velopment averaged  one  foot  for  6'/!  tons 
mined. 

In  October  ore  was  taken  from  main 
levels  as  follows:  Combination,  230-ft. 
level,   15  tons  averaging  2.45  oz.;  Cler- 


mont, 1000-ft.  level,  740  tons  averaging 
3.28  oz.;  total,  755  tons  averaging  3.26 
oz.  per  ton.  Some  other  new  ore  was 
discovered  in  the  course  of  sloping,  but 
not  on  main  levels.  The  discovery  in  the 
Combination  is  probably  far  more  import- 
ant than  the  figures  would  indicate,  for  it 
points  to  an  orebody  lying  parallel  to  the 
Hampton  slope.  The  orebody  discovered 
or,  the  1000-ft.  level  of  the  Clermont  is 
only  partially  developed.  According  to  the 
management,  it  appears  to  be  large  and 
the  ore  of  good  grade  and  milling  quality. 

Construction  and  Expenses 

It  will  be  noted  that  expenses  were 
high  in  October,  largely  on  account  of 
construction,  of  which  a  large  amount  has 
been  going  on  since  April.  Heretofore 
arbitrary  amounts  of  these  expenses  have 
been  charged  off  each  month,  with  a  view 


Broken  Hill  Proprietary  Company 


The  report  of  the  Broken  Hill  Proprie- 
tary Company  of  New  South  Wales,  for 
the  half  year  ended  May  31,  1910,  shows 
a  profit  of  about  9  per  cent,  earned,  al- 
though the  coal  strike  in  New  South 
Wales  materially  interfered  both  with 
operations  and  shipping  for  four  months. 
In  addition  there  was  a  strike  at  the  com- 
pany's limestone  quarry,  and  it  was  not 
feasible  to  conduct  any  underground  min- 
ing during  the  six  months  reported 
on.  As  a  consequence  the  profits  were 
all  derived  from  custom  smelting  and 
zinc-tailings  treatment. 

Extensive  New  Construction 

There  was  either  under  construction  or 
authorized  mechanical  blast-furnace  feed- 


OCTOBER  PRODUCTION  GOLDFIELD  CONSOLIDATED 

Wet  Tons. 

Dry  Tons. 

Oz.  Per 
Ton. 

Value. 

4.978 
8.963   33 
4,708.20 
8,335.90 
315.605 

4699 
8460 
4444 
7868 
293 

1.62 
1.09 
1.81 
1..S8 
39.71 

.S     157,322 

Mohawk 

Red  Top 

Clermont  .Milling  o'-.\ 

.Shipping  Or  \ 

190.604 
166,2.10 
30(1.30" 
24S..-,6o 

27,301.035 

25,764 

2.01 

Sl,069,048 

of  getting  rid  of  the  whole  account  by 
the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  but  no  exact 
estimate  was  made.  With  the  end  of  the 
construction  campaign  so  nearly  in  sight 
as  it  is  now,  a  more  accurate-  estimate 
is  possible  and  in  view  of  the  large  earn- 
ings for  October,  it  was  deemed  best  to 
write  off  the  whole  balance,  placed  at 
about  .S60,000.  There  will  remain  some 
payments,  perhaps  to  the  extent  of  $40,- 
000,  to  complete  all  undertakings,  but 
these  bills  will  not  be  paid  for  some  time, 
and  cannot  properly  be  charged  to  this 
fiscal  year. 

It  is  claimed  that  construction  under- 
taken during  1910,  even  outside  the  mill 
fire,  was  probably  twice  as  heavy  as  will 
he  necessary  as  an  average  and  that  from 
the  present  outlook  there  will  be  little  to 
undertake  in  the  coming  year.  Another 
element  of  higher  cost  for  October  was 
the  expense  of  marketing  high-grade  ore. 
More  of  this  was  shipped  than  usual,  and 
all  freight  and  treatment  charges  and  de- 
ductions from  the  value  of  gold  at  $20.67 
per  oz.  were  entered  as  cost. 

As  nearly  as  can  be  estimated  at  pres- 
ent, the  gross  output  of  the  mine  in  the 
fiscal  year  amounted  to  $10',850.000. 
After  deducting  all  losses  in  tailings  and 
all  expenditures  of  all  kinds,  including 
fire  losses  and  construction  and  taxes,  the 
net  profit  was  57,400,000,  or  68.2  per 
cent.  The  total  costs  and  losses  were 
about  S12.90  per  ton. 


ers,  a  Dwight-Lloyd  roasting  plant,  a 
spelter  plant  (three  furnaces  of  the  five 
planned  being  complete  on  May  31)  and 
a  mechanical  zinc-roasting  furnace. 

The  exactions  of  the  Australian  brick 
manufacturers  proved  unbearable  and  in 
the  period  under  review  a  complete  hrick- 
niaking  plant  had  been  installed.  The 
zinc-fiotation  plant  is  also  being  re- 
modeled. Unfortunately  all  technical 
operating  details  are  omitted. 

Although  no  mining  was  carried  on  in 
the  six  months'  period,  the  workings  have 
been  kept  in  good  order,  and  the  Block 
12  fire  has  apparently  been  extinguished, 
so  that  a  body  of  high-grade  ore  is  avail- 
able now  for  working.  The  outstanding 
stock  is  capitalized  at  £384,000,  as 
against  which  in  dividends  and  stock 
bonuses  the  company  has  paid  £11,544,- 
000  (3006  per  cent.)  in  twenty-five  years, 
while  the  undivided  profits  carried  in  re- 
serve still  amount  to  139  per  cent,  on  the 
outstanding  stock. 


The  exploitation  of  petroleum  and  iron 
deposits  in  the  district  of  Hauran  and  El 
Kork  on  the  eastern  border  of  Syria  is  to 
be  undertaken  by  a  Damascus  company. 


South    African    Tin  Smelting 

The  tin  industry  of  the  Transvaal  has 
already  reached  a  monthly  output  of 
$150,000,  according  to  the  South  Afri- 
can Min.  Joiirn.,  and  experiments  have 
lately  been  made  to  reduce  the  Doorn- 
hock  concentrates  to  tin  at  the  plant  of 
the  Cooperative  Smelting  Works  near 
Johannesburg.  The  probable  solution  of 
the  tin-smelting  problem  will  be  the  erec- 
tion of  a  cooperative  tin  smeltery  by  all 
the  tin  mines  of  the  Transvaal  and 
Swazieland. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE    EKGIKEF.RIXG    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1007 


German  Miners' Insurance  and  Annuity  Funds— IV 

Bochum    Miners'    Union    the  Most    Successful    Institution   of   Its  Kind. 
Advantageous  to  Employers  and    Employees  and  Managed  at  Low  Cost 


BY       FREDERICK 


HOFFMAN 


The    total    number   of   beneficiaries    of 
the  General  Pension  Fund  of  the  Bochum 
Miners"  Union  in   1909  was   104,574.  The 
tctal  number  of  invalidity  pensioners  was 
32,012,    of    widows    of    members    of    the 
fund  20,860,    of    children    of    invalidity 
niembers  or  pensioners  31,586,  of  child- 
ren of  widow  pensioners    18.957,  and  of 
full  orphans   of   members    of    the    fund 
1159,  or  a  total  of  51,702  children  were 
provided    for   aside    from    the    other    an- 
nuitants and  pensioners'.     Separating  the 
"inuitantsbyclassesand  considering  acci- 
u  annuities  only,  there  were  20,225  of 
^e  annuitants,  of  which  5656  were  in- 
idity    pensioners,   3516    were    widows, 
md    11,053   were   children.      Considering 
sickness     annuitants     only,     there     were 
.M9  of  these,  of  which  26,356  were  in- 
;Jity  annuitants,   17,344  were  widows, 
I  40.649    were    children.      Considering 
;li  classes,   the   total   amount  paid   out 
'.    annuities   during   the    year    1909   was 
1.480.844  marks   (S3,446,440),  of  which 
'.^6,941    marks    (52,174,592)    was   paid 
lit    on    account    of    invalidity    pensions, 
,519,537   marks    (S837,650)    on   account 
f  widows'  pensions,  and  1,824,365  marks 
;434,199)  on  account  of  children's  pen- 
ions. 
In  proportion  to  the  membership  of  the 
jnsion  Fund  the  numbers  of  annuitants, 
nd  the  payments  made,  were  as  follows: 
onsidering  both  classes,  the  ratio  of  all 
nnuitants  was  36.18  per  cent.,  of  which 
1.08  per  cent,   were   invalidity   pension- 
s,  7  22  per  cent,  widows,  and  17.88  per 
nt.  children.     The  a;iTOunt  paid  in  an- 
lities  per  100  members  was  5009  m:;rks 
11921,  or  3161    marks    (.S752)    on   ac- 
int     of     invalidity     pensioners,     1217 
irks  ($290)  on  account  of  widows,  and 
U  marks  (S150I  on  account  of  children, 
nnsidering  accident   annuities  only,  the 
lio    was    7    per    cent,    for    all    classes, 
l.Pfi  per  cent,   for  invalidity   pension- 
-,   1.22  per  cent,   for  widows,  and  3.82 
r   cent,    for    children.      Considered    by 
'ounts.  but  exclusive  of  the  payments 
Je   by   the    Employers'   Mutual    Insur- 
>.e   Accident    Institution,   the    payments 
■re    170   marks    (540)    per    100   of   the 
'i  membe.fhip,  54.52  marks    (.S12.98) 
100  or   .'ccount   of   invalidity   annu- 
nts,  45.70  marks    (S10.S8)    on   account 
widows,    and    70.09    marks    (S16.66) 
'ccount  of  children.    Of  course,  these 
ments  would   be  materially   increased 


Slallsllcl.iii.     rriKk'nliiil     Iiisuranro     Com- 

s    N'pwnik,    N.    .T. 

I'iip  Icrms  ponsinns  and  annnltips  are  iiROrt 
111*  snnif  scnso  in  this  distniHslon  aIfhoii;;h 
lly  iinil  artnniinlly  llicv  liavp  well  distinct 
wpII   dpriiii'd   ni('aninK«. 


if  no  reimbursement  were  made  to  the 
fund  by  the  Employers'  Mutual  Insur- 
ance Accident  Institution,  which  is  re- 
sponsible for  the  major  portion  of  th^ 
annuities  on  account  of  apcident. 

Subdivision  of  Sickness  Annuities 

The  sickness  annuities  paid  to  all 
classes  were  at  the  ratio  of  29.18  per 
cent.,  or  9.12  per  cent,  for  invalidity  an- 
nuitants, 6  per  cent,  for  widows,  and 
14.06  per  cent,  for  children.  The  pro- 
portionate amounts  paid  out  on  account 
of  sickness  annuitants  were  4839  marks 
($11521  per  100  members  of  all  classes, 
or  3106  marks  (.S739)  for  invalidity  an- 
nuitants, 1172  marks  (52791  on  account 
or  widows,  and  561  marks  (5134)  on  ac- 
count of  children. 

The  Pension  Fund,  during  1909,  ex- 
pended 400,272  marks  (595,265)  on  ac- 
count of  medical  aid  and  preventive 
measures  intended  to  secure  the  earliest 
possible  return  of  earning  capacity.  Un- 
der the  law  the  Pension  Fund  has  the 
right  to  intervene  and  assume  the  treat- 
ment of  sick  members,  in  place  of  the 
Sickness  Fund,  which  is  independent  of 
the  Pension  Fund,  but  which  is  responsi- 
ble for  the  sickness  treatment  during  the 
first  13  weeks  of  illness.  Of  the  amount 
referred  to,  107,727  marks  (525.639)  was 
paid  to  regular  physicians,  26,230  marks 
(56243)  to  medical  specialists,  55,771 
marks  (513,273)  for  medical  reports, 
166,598  marks  (539,350)  on  account  of 
medicine,  trusses,  artificial  limbs,  spec- 
tacles, etc.,  21,142  marks  (S5032)  on  ac- 
count of  treatment  in  institutions  in  ex- 
ceptional cases,  13,865  marks  (53300) 
on  account  of  treatment  in  the  convales- 
cent homes  owned  by  the  fund,  and  7783 
marks  (51852)  on  account  of  treatment 
at  seaside  resorts. 

During  1909,  83,834  marks  (519,952) 
was  paid  out  on  account  of  burial  ex- 
penses, 2632  marks  (5626)  on  account  of 
extraordinary  aid  to  dependents  of  mem- 
bers of  the  fund,  2909  marks  (5692)  on 
account  of  commuted  payments  to  for- 
eigners, and  274  marks  (565)  on  account 
of  payments  in  behalf  of  members  during 
military  service. 

Management  Expense,  4.19  per  Cent. 

Out  of  a  total  expenditure  of  15,327,- 
530  marks  (53,647.952)  during  1909,  the 
cost  of  m.anag;ment  was  641,960  marks 
(5152,786),  or  4.19  per  cent.  The  total 
income  of  the  Pension  Fund  was  29,998,- 
197  marks  (57,139,571),  of  which  the 
mine  owners  paid  14,975,792  marks 
(53,564,238).  The  net  excess  of  incom- 


over  outgo,  after  deducting  errors  and 
return  payments,  was  13,060,250  marks 
(53,108,339).  The  per  capita  outgo  of 
the  fund  was  53.02  marks  (512.62),  of 
which  49.09  marks  (511.68)  was  on  ac- 
count of  current  relief,  1.36  marks 
(.50.32)  on  account  of  preventive  medical 
treatment,  0.29  mark  (50.07)  on  account 
of  burial  expense,  and  2.22  marks 
(50.53)  on  account  of  management.  The 
net  per  capita  income  was  98.21  marks 
(523.37),  of  which  51.82  marks  (512.33) 
was  paid  by  the  workmen,  51.81  marks 
(512.33)  by  the  mine  owners,  and  0.15 
mark  (.50.035)  in  fines,  .etc.  These 
amounts  included  certain  errors  in  re- 
turns, which  explain  the  difference  be- 
tween the  total  of  103.78  marks  (524.70) 
and  the  net  figure  previously  given  of 
98.21  marks  (S23.37).  There  was,  there- 
fore, a  net  per  capita  excess  of  45.19 
marks  (510.76)  for  the  reserve  fund, 
which,  in  1909,  amounted  to  96,278,036 
marks   (522,914,173). 

Aside  from  the  General  Pension  Fund 
of  the  Bochum  .Miners'  Union  previously 
described,  an  invalidity  and  old-age  an- 
nuity fund  is  maintained  in  compliance 
with  the  imperial  act  which  became  ef- 
fective in  1889.  The  technical  details 
of  these  two  funds,  and  the  essential 
points  of  difference  between  them,  cannot 
be  dealt  with  in  this  discussion.  The 
several  insurance  and  pension  funds  are 
complementary  to  one  another,  the  object 
being  to  secure  to  the  workmen  a  reason- 
able certainty  of  financial  independence 
in  the  event  of  sickness,  accident,  inval- 
idity  or  old   age. 

Invalidity  and  Old  Age  Annuity  Fund 

The  Invalidity  and  Old-Age  Annuity 
Fund  of  the  Bochum  Miners'  Union  in 
1909  had  a  membership  of  340,250,  or 
practically  the  equivalent  of  the  entire 
membership  of  the  Pension  Fund.  The 
membership  has  increased  rapidly  during 
recent  years,  having  been  only  263,425 
in  1905.  The  contributions  to  the  fund 
in  1909  were  6,166,046  marks  (51,467,- 
519),  of  which  3,046,502  marks  (S725i- 
067).  or  practically  one-half,  was  paid  by 
the  mine  owners.  The  total  income  during 
the  year  was  7,217,850  marks  (51.717,- 
848),  of  which  641,960  marks  (5152,- 
786),  or  8.89  per  cent.,  was  paid  out  for 
management  expenses. 

The  number  of  members  to  whom  an- 
nuities were  paid  during  1909  was  15,- 
371,  of  which  only  243  were  officially 
classified  as  old-age  pensioners.  The 
term  invalidity  is  broadly  construed  and 
probably  includes  a  large  proportion  who 


1008 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


have  attained  to  the  age  of  ovef  7X1  years. 
The  proportion  of  annuitants  receiving 
payments  during-the  year  was  4.51  psf 
cent,  against  5.39  per  cent,  in  1905.  The 
fimount  paid  during  the  year  to  annui- 
tants was  3.040,155  marks  ($723,557)  or 
an  average  payment  per  annuitant  of 
197.78  marks  (S47.07).  The  number  of 
annuitants  in  1909  was  increased  by  2512 
new  members  entitled  to  benefits,  or  M 
the  rate  of  0.73  per  cent,  of  the  total  mem- 
bership in  the  fund.  The  average  age  of 
new  annuitants  was  52  years.  For  old- 
age  annuitants  the  average  was  70  years; 
for  invalidity  annuitants,  52.4  years; 
and  for  sickness  annuitants,  38.9  years. 
The  amount  granted  to  new  annui- 
tants during  1909  was  578,793  marks 
(5137,753),  or  230.1  marks  (S54.76I  per 
annuitant. 

The  number  of  beneficiaries  was  di- 
minished during  the  year  by  1655,  or  at 
the  rate  of  10.5  per  cent,  of  the  average 
number  of  annuitants  in  1909.  Of  the 
terminated  annuities  during  the  year.  1319 
were  terminated  b\'  death,  210  by  forfeit, 
and  the  remainder  for  other  causes.  The 
mortality  rate  among  annuitants  in  1909 
was  8.4  per  cent.,  while  the  total  termina- 
tion rate  was  10.5  per  cent.  The  mortality 
among  old-age  annuitants  was  10.8  per 
cent.;  among  invalidity  annuitants.  9.3  per 
cent.;  and  among  sickness  annuitants, 
59.9  per  cent.  The  high  average  rate  of 
mortality  is.  of  course,  explained  by  the 
high  average  age  or  the  impaired  physi- 
cal condition  of  the  annuitants.  The  aver- 
age duration  of  an  annuity  terminated  in 
1909  was  only  4.9  years,  or  4.8  years  for 
old-age  annuitants,  5.3  years  for  invalid- 
ity annuitants,  and  0.9  year  for  sickness 
annuitants. 

Workings   of   the   Various    Funds 

The  accumulated  reserves  are  the  joint 
property  of  all  the  invalidity  and  old- 
age  annuity  funds  of  the  different  min- 
ers' unions  throughout  Germany,  and  an 
account  of  the  financial  administration 
would  be  very  difficult.  A  very  complex 
interrelationship  of  the  different  funds 
exists  whereby  it  is  possible  for  a  miner 
to  go  from  one  union  to  another  without 
placing  his  rights  and  privileges  to  the 
annuity  benefits  in  jeopardy.  This  nat- 
urally results  in  a  vast  amount  of  intri- 
cate bookkeeping  and  accounting,  which 
it  would  serve  no  piactical  purpose  to 
discuss.  The  accumulated  funds  in  1909 
amounted  to  48.281,024  marks  ISI  1,490,- 
884),  against  36,429,239  marks  (S8,670.- 
159)  in  1905.  Since  the  imperial  law 
provides  for  an  annual  subsidy  of  50 
marks  (SI  1.90)  to  every  annuity  payable 
under  the  law,  this  source  of  income  pro- 
vided 24.53  per  cent,  of  the  annuities 
paid  by  the   funds  during   1909. 

The  fund  has  the  right  to  anticipate 
the  outcome  of  invalidity  by  institutional 
or  other  treatment,  and  several  sana- 
toria and  convalescent  homes  are  main- 
tained at  the  expense  of  the  union.    The 


amount  paid   out  by  this  account   during 
1909  was  453,878  marks  (S108,023). 

Membership  Cost,  $4.31  per  Annum 

The  average  net  cost  of  membership 
during  the  year  was  18.12  marks  ($4.31  ), 
of  which  9.17  marks  ($2.18)  was  paid  by 
the  workmen,  and  8.95  marks  ($2.13)  by 
the  mine  owners.  The  average  expenses 
during  the  year  were  13.21  marks 
(S3. 14)  per  member,  of  which  9.08 
marks  ($2.16l  were  paid  out  in  annui- 
ties, 1.33  marks  ($0.32)  on  account  of 
curative  institutional  treatment,  1.89 
marks  (.$0.45)  on  account  of  manage- 
ment, 0.46  mark  (SO.  11)  on  account  of 
payments  to  the  government  or  other  in- 
surance institutions,  0.39  marks  ($0.09 1 
on  account  of  returned  contributions,  and 
0.06  mark  ($0,014)  on  account  of  other 
expenses.  The  net  excess  of  income  over 
outgo  during  1909  was  4.91  marks 
($1.17)  per  member,  against  5.72  marks 
($1.36)  in  1908,  5.39  marks  (SI. 28)  in 
1907,  5.61  marks  (S1.33)  in  1906,  and 
4.97  marks  ($1.18)  in  1905.  The  per 
capita  accumulation  in  1909  amounted 
to  144.99  marks  ($34.51)  per  member 
against  138.29  marks  ($32.91)  in  1905. 

These  in  brief  are  the  essential  facts 
of  what  is  perhaps  the  most  successful 
and  important  of  modern  social  institu- 
tions established  for  the  progressive  bet- 
terment of  the  conditions  of  mine  labor 
and  life,  and  the  mitigation  of  the  econo- 
mic hardships  resulting  from  the  more  or 
less  inevitable  casualties  in  the  mining  of 
coal.  The  several  articles,  for  the  first 
time,  make  the  essential  elements  of 
compulsory  accident,  sickness  and  inval- 
idity insurance  of  German  miners  ac- 
cessible to  American  mine  owners,  man- 
agers and  others  interested  in  the  sub- 
ject, and  the  fundamental  factors  of  the 
German  experience  can  be  used  with 
confidence  in  calculations  of  the  approxi- 
mate cost  of  a  corresponding  voluntary  or 
compulsory  system  in  the   United  States. 


Improved  Slide  Rule   Lens  and 
Attachment 

By  Mark  R.  Lamb* 


The  ordinary  slide-rule  lens  attach- 
ment has  the  defect  that  its  joints  work 
loose  after  being  in  use  a  short  time. 
When  this  looseness  obtains,  the  lens  is 
more  of  a  curse  than  a  blessing,  since 
it  cannot  be  set  and  kept  in  proper  posi- 
tion. 

The  improved  support  shown  in  the 
sketch  (easily  made  by  any  ordinary 
jeweler  or  machinist)  employs  the  prin- 
ciple of  construction  used  in  holding 
pocket-knife  blades  in  position,  the 
springs    pressing    against    flat    surfaces. 


•Mllliiis;     and     o.viiiilcliii"     oncinccr.     Alii-: 
Chalmers  Company,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


The  two  joints  are  free  to  move  easily 
and  it  will  be  seen  that  the  springs  will 
hold  the  lens  either  flat  against  the  rule 
or  in  the  proper  position  for  reading.  The 
slip-joint  should  be  made  tight  fitting  and 
is  to  provide  for  adjustment  for  focus, 
which  is  necessary  on  account  of  differ- 
ences in  eyes.  Once  the  lens  is  adjusted 
in  focus,  the  adjustment  need  not  be 
changed.  This  joint  can  be  avoided  if 
the  support  be  made  just  the  right  length. 
The  size  of  the  lens  should  be  adapted  to 
the  size  of  the  rule,  a  ->^-in.  lens  to  stand 
1  in.  above  the  graduations  being  suit- 
able for  a  5-in.  rule  and  a  f4-in.  lens 
being  better  for  the  longer  rules,  sincethe 
graduations  on  the  latter  are  longer.  The 
lens  support  can  be  screwed  or  soldered 
to  the  ordinary  finder  and  can  be  used 


Tlie  i:>fji<\cerin!}  ^  Mining  Jhwotff 

Improved  Slide-rule  Lens 

when  convenient  and  folded  out  of  the 
way  when  not  used.  It  is  customary  to 
use  the  lens  only  when  special  accuracy 
is  desired.  The  convenient  way  to  do 
this  is  to  set  the  scales  approximately 
without  using  the  lens,  then  to  make  the 
fine  adjustment  with  its  aid.  Reading  is 
similarly  done,  that  is,  the  first  two  fig- 
ures of  the  result  are  read  wiihout  the 
lens  and  the  last  two  or  three  are  read 
by  its  aid.  Such  an  attachment,  with  a 
a  suitable  lens,  practically  increases  the 
length  of  a  rule  2' '•  times. 

The  sketch  is  not  to  scale.     The  slid- 
ing   joint    should    be    longer,    and    the 
springs  shorter  than  shown,  and  the  diam- 
eter of  the  support  can   be  made  niucli  ^ 
less.  ' 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1009 


Status    of    Mining    and    Smelting    in    Colorado 

Gold,    Silver    and    Lead    Production    in   Colorado   Decreasing    Despite 
Lower    Railway    and   Smelting    Rates.       Decline    of    Pr 


rospecting 


BY       FRANKLIN       GUITERMAN* 


In  the  recent  call  for  the  annual  con- 
vention of  the  American  Mining  Congress, 
the  invitation  said  in  part:  "Within  the 
last  three  years,  it  is  safe  to  say  the 
total  annual  output  of  mineral,  coal,  and 
oil  wealth  in  the  United  States  has  de- 
creased not  less  than  25  per  cent,  and 
perhaps  33  per  cent." 

Presumably  this  startling  declaration 
was  founded  on  statistics  furnished  by 
the  United  States  Government,  and  may 
in  consequence  be  accepted  as  true.  In 
Colorado  the  falling  off  in  mineral  pro- 
duction has  been  confined  practically  to 
gold,  silver  and  lead,  and  the  decrease 
has  been  so  startling  as  to  lead  this  body 
(the  Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce)  to 
appoint  a  committee  whose  chief  func- 
tion is  to  make  a  thorough  inquiry  into 
the  causes  for  the  decadence  of  our  min- 
ing and  smelting  industries,  and  to  sug- 
gest means  for  their  revival.  I  am  ad- 
vised that  it  is  the  custom  of  this  cham- 
ber to  call  for  reports  of  progress  from 
its  several  committees  from  time  to  time, 
and  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
mines  and  mining,  I  have  been  requested 
to  say  something  to  you  about  the  pres- 
ent status  of  the  mining  and  smelting  in- 
dustries in  Colorado,  and  to  indicate  in 
some  measure  the  results  which  have  fol- 
lowed our  investigations  to  date.  If  your 
committee  is  not  able  at  the  present  time 
t)  furnish  the  chamber  a  specific  report 
on  the  important  matters  which  have  en- 
gaged its  attention,  it  may  be  said  in  ex- 
tenuation that  your  board  of  directors 
was  advised  initially  that  the  work  which 
has  been  undertaken  is  one  of  magni- 
tude and  that  the  gathering  of  data  would 
involve  much  time,  detailed  labor  and 
analysis.  It  is  not  unlikely  even  that 
failure  to  secure  the  desired  and  neces- 
sary information  may  result.  At  the 
piesent  time  it  is  too  early  to  state  what 
the  outcome  of  our  investigations  will  be. 
It  may,  however,  be  permissible  to  dwell 
briefly  on  some  of  the  more  important 
iuses  which  have  contributed  to  the  de- 
.;adence  of  mining  in  Colorado  with  the 
coincident  enforced  curtailment  of  the 
smelting  industry,  which  is  dependent 
thereon. 

Mining  DRACCKn  into  Politics 

It   is   most    unfortunate    for   our   State 

'hat  the   impairment   of  our  mining   and 

Mielting  industries  has  from  time  to  time 

cen  made  a  political   issue  by  some  of 

♦fJoinTMl  mnnnK'^r  In  r'olorado,  Aiiii'rican 
Smcltlni:  nnrt  Itot^nlne  Compnny.  Itonvor.  Colo. 

\(iTK  —  .\(lrtrcss-  lond  Imfoio  ttio  rii'nvci' 
Chnmttpr  of  r'niiimorro.    Xnv.   4.    tOIO. 


the  press  and  the  politicians,  and  that  in 
discussing  these  vital  industries,  they  have 
not  hesitated,  knowingly,  I  believe,  to 
misrepresent  the  facts,  and  thus  mislead 
not  only  our  own  citizens,  but  also  those 
from  other  States,  whose  capital  we  are 
inviting  and  whose  mining  investments  we 
are  so  desirous  of  securing. 

Ore  TARiHhs  Highly  Complex  Matters 

Unfortunate  it  is  also,  that  the  sub- 
ject of  ore  treatment  charges  and  of  ore 
schedules  is  a  complex  one;  that  the 
metallurgical  processes  are  intricate  and 
entirely  technical,  and  that  metal  recover- 
ies attendant  on  those  processes  are 
sometimes  variable  and  often  uncertain 
in  their  outcome.  Coincident  with  these 
technical  considerations  comes  the  appli- 
cation by  smelting  and  milling  companies 
of  t.iriffs,  or  ore  schedules  as  they  are 
termed,  and  as  these  schedules  vary 
greatly  with  the  smelting  character  as 
well  as  the  grade  or  value  of  the  ore, 
it  appears,  superficially  considered,  that 
the  rates  of  payment  for  metals  in  ores, 
are  not  only  complex  and  sometimes  in- 
congruous, but  that  they  are  framed  with 
the  specific  underlying  idea  to  confuse, 
if  not  to  deceive  the  ore  seller.  To  him, 
however,  who  is  familiar  with  the  mar- 
keting of  ores,  a  familiarity  which  comes 
with  mining  and  commercial  experience, 
there  is  nothing  obscure  or  involved  in 
the  schedules;  and  for  him  it  is  a  simple 
matter  to  resolve  at  once  the  terms  of  pay- 
ment for  his  ore  into  net  value  per  ton. 
Under  such  circumstances,  the  net  out- 
come derived  on  one  schedule  may  read- 
ily be  compared  with  that  of  another.  The 
more  complex  the  ore,  considered  in  its 
mineralogical  character,  the  more  com- 
plex apparently  is  the  ore  schedule  on 
which  the  millman  or  smelter  buys  it. 

Explanation  of  Ore  Schedules 

The  simplest  tariffs  are  those,  for  in- 
stance, applying  to  ores  which  are  treated 
in  a  stamp  mill,  where  the  ore  is  stamped, 
passed  over  amalgamated  plates  where 
the  gold  is  extracted  to  as  large  an  ex- 
tent as  is  possible,  and  the  residues,  or 
tailings  as  they  are  called,  are  treated  on 
concentrating  tables,  whereby  the  heavier 
mineral  particles  are  separated  from  the 
gangue  or  worthless  portions.  In  this 
case  the  millman  charges  the  ore  pro- 
ducer a  fixed  sum  per  ton  for  milling  the 
ore,  and  turns  over  to  him  t  he  gold 
amalgam  and  the  concentrates.  The  gold 
amalgam  is  retorted  and  the  gold  sold  to 
the  U.  S.  mint,  while  the  concentrates  are 


sold  to  the  smelter  on  a  very  simple 
schedule,  because  the  product  is  simple 
in  its  mineralogical  nature. 

The  second  case  is  that  covering  ores, 
as  our  Cripple  Creek  gold  ores,  in  which 
a  fixed  sum  per  ounce  is  paid  for  the 
gold  contents  and  an  increasing  '  treat- 
ment charge  per  ton  is  applied  as  the 
ores  increase  in  value.  The  last  case  is 
that  involving  the  purchase  of  ores,  com- 
plex in  their  mineralogical  character, 
which  may  contain  gold,  silver,  copper, 
lead,  zinc,  bismuth,  antimony  and  arsenic. 
Such  ores  in  the  smelting  involve  the  pro- 
duction of  by-products  which  demand  re- 
peated metallurgical  treatment.  In  these 
processes  the  recovery  of  the  metals, 
gold,  silver,  lead  and  copper,  is  depend- 
ent on  the  technical  skill  which  guides  the 
smelting  processes.  The  expense  in- 
volved in  the  treatment  is  a  function  not 
only  of  the  character  of  the  ore,  but  also 
of  the  smeltery  equipment.  The  payment 
for  recoverable  metal  contents  in  such 
ores  is,  therefore,  governed  by  the  ability 
of  the  smelter  to  effect  certain  metal 
savings  which  experience  has  shown  can 
be  attained,  and  the  treatment  charges 
which  have  been  applied  in  the  ore 
schedule  must  be  based  not  alone  on  the 
involved  expense  obtaining  in  the  actual 
smelting  operations,  but  on  the  technical 
considerations  governing  possible  metal 
recoveries  as  well. 

Fluxing  Ores  Get  Lowest  Rates 

Ores  which  are  known  as  fluxing  ores, 
from  their  ability  to  help  smelt  other 
products,  and  without  which  the  other 
products  could  not  be  smelted,  have  the 
lowest  treatment  charges  applied  to  them 
regardless  of  the  smelting  expense,  while 
other  ores  which  demand  the  fluxing  ores 
in  their  smelting  treatment,  have  to  bear 
greater  smelting  charges.  That  this  is  a 
natural  as  well  as  a  commercial  distinc- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  smelting  concerns 
is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  the  fluxing 
ores  are,  alinost  without  exception,  low 
grade,  while  the  others,  the  quartzy  or 
silicious  ores  as  they  are  termed,  are  gen- 
erally of  higher  value.  While,  therefore, 
as  you  will  have  lealized  from  this  con- 
densed presentation  of  an  intricate  sub- 
I'lct,  smelting  schedules  must  apparently 
become  more  complex  with  increasing 
complexity  of  the  ore  to  be  treated, 
nevertheless  it  has  been  the  constant  aim 
of  the  smelters  to  unify  and  make  uni- 
form all  the  smelting  schedules  in  such 
a  way  as  to  remove  from  the  ore  pro- 
ducer the  likelihood  of  misinterpretation 


1010 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


or  misunderstanding.  It  is  impossible, 
however,  to  frame  the  schedules  in  a 
manner  which  will  at  once  be  understood 
by  those  who  are  mexperienced  in  the 
matter  of  ore  production  and  ore  rates, 
and  for  those  who  are  unrelated  to  the 
mining  and  smelting  industries,  or  who 
are  uninterested  in  the  subject,  I  take  it 
the  matter  of  ore  schedules,  whether  con- 
sidered as  just  or  unjust,  necessary  or  un- 
necessary, is  one  of  complete  indifference. 
Even  in  such  a  class,  however,  it  is  un- 
justifiable to  try  to  create  the  impression 
that  any  industry  of  the  magnitude  and 
vital  importance  of  the  mining  one,  is  be- 
ing treated  in  an  unfair,  not  to  say  out- 
rageous manner  by  the  smelting  indus- 
try to  which  it  looks  for  its  market,  when 
the  contrary  is  the  case. 

Decline  in  Metal  Output 

Most  deplorable  it  is  also  that  notwith- 
standing the  continued  and  unremitting 
efforts  on  the  part  of  the  milling  and 
smelting  industries  to  extend  aid  to  the 
failing  mining  industry  of  Colorado,  the 
net  result  has  been  a  continued  reces- 
sion from  the  high  level  of  prosperity 
which  it  occupied  a  decade  ago.  The  ex- 
traordinary decline  in  heavy  production 
for  this  period  will  be  seen  from  the 
accompanying  table,  the  totals  being 
given  in  round  figures: 

DECRE.A.SE     IX    V.\I.IE    OF    COLOR.\DO'.S 
MET.\L     PRODrCTION. 

Decrease, 
IflOO.  Oz.     WW.  Oz.     Per  Cent- 

Qf,i^         i,iiKi,()ou     i,ih;i,ooo       u.-ii 

Silver.   20,3U0,UUU     .s.'JUO.UOO        .W . ir> 

Lb.  Lb. 

Lead 8-2,l;)7,l)00    32,3GU.U00  00.60 

Total     decrease  ,^  .. 

value  in $50,:)U.000to*30.916,(HX)      38. ao 

Colorado's  ability  to  maintain  its  gold 
production  even  on  the  present  level  has 
been  due  alone  to  continued  reductions 
in  treatment  charges,  those  on  Cripple 
Creek  ore  having  been  reduced  in  the 
last  10  years  to  an  average  of  about  S5 
per  ton.  The  efforts  of  the  smelting  com- 
panies to  check  the  decline  in  produc- 
tion of  the  silver-lead  ores  have  been 
entirely  unavailing,  notwithstanding 
enormous  reductions  in  treatment  charges 
also  aggregating  on  this  class  about  S3 
per  ton. 

I  know  of  no  other  industry  in  the 
United  States  which,  in  the  face  of  i 
decreasing  input  of  raw  material,  heavier 
expense  in  point  of  supply  cost,  taxes 
and  labor,  has  made  such  an  astonishing 
showing.  Nothing  but  the  unremitting 
efforts  toward  the  achievement  of  better 
metallurgical  results;  that  is,  better  metal 
savings,  the  generous  expenditure  of 
large  sums  of  money  for  the  physical 
improvements  of  the  plants  by  which  the 
smelting  operations  could  be  cheapened, 
and  finally,  the  ability  to  secure  the  best 
proportioned  smelting  mixtures,  could 
have  effected  such  a  striking  result! 
And  notwithstanding  this,  the  qutcome 
has  been  an  almost  disheartening  dis- 
appointment. 


One-half  of  Colorado  Plants  Closed 

Not  only  have  the  reductions  in  treat- 
ment charges  not  had  as  a  result  the 
maintenance  of  the  former  tonnage  pro- 
duction, but  with  the  steady  decline  in 
the  mineral  output,  the  American  Smelt- 
ing and  Refining  Company  has  been 
obliged  to  put  one-half  of  its  Colorado 
plants  out  of  commission  entirely,  and  is 
now  only  able  to  operate  the  remainder 
on  curtailed  capacity.  Any  business  man 
will  appreciate  what  such  a  condition 
means  in  the  monetary  loss  alone  and 
what  the  difficulties  have  been  which  had 
to  be  overcome  against  ihe  threatened 
increased  expense  of  operating,  due  to 
lessened  tonnages  treated.  Nevertheless, 
in  the  face  of  this  adversity,  1  am  not 
yet  ready  to  say  our  mining  situation  is 
hopeless.  We  must,  however,  look  the 
conditions  squarely  in  the  face. 

No    Prospecting    in    Colorado 

It  is  but  too   true   that   prospecting   in 
Colorado  has  practically  ceased  for  many 
years;     that    the     orebodies   which    have 
furnished     the     ore     supplies      for     the 
smelteries  have  been  exhausted  to  a  larg^ 
extent  or  are  approaching  that  stage;  that 
to    a     large     degree,    mining     properties 
which    were    once    operated    under    com- 
pany management  are  now  being  worked 
by  lessees  and  that  unfortunately  in  most 
cases    under    this    system    continued    de- 
velopment  work,   which   is   so   necessary 
to   a   mining  property's  existence,   is  be- 
ing neglected;  and  finally,  that  in  closed 
mines   where    orebodies    have    been   ex- 
hausted,  or   ore    of   too    low    a    grade    is 
alone  left,  or  where  such  physical  disad- 
vantages as  the  necessity  for  an  ore  con- 
centration   plant    or    a   heavy   pumping 
equipment   has    to   be    faced,   the    invest- 
m.ent  of  new  capital  is  demanded.     Such 
capital,  however,  will  not  be  forthcoming 
unless  it  is  made  clear  to  the  mining-in- 
vesting public  that   Colorado   still   offers 
a   profitable    field     for   mining   ventures 
when   undertaken   and   guided    by    com- 
petent and  conservative  management. 


intellicent  effort  and  co-operation 
Necessary 


Because  unfortuitous  conditions  at 
present  hedge  us  about  is  no  reason  for 
despair.  The  greatest  technical  and  com- 
mercial triumphs  have  often  been 
achieved  in  the  face  of  the  hardest  condi- 
tions and  gravest  obstacles,  and  it  is  for 
us  to  preach  and  practise  the  doctrine  of 
unremitting  and  intelligent  effort,  and  to 
leave  nothing  undone  which  will  tend 
to  develop  new  mineral  resources.  The 
desired  end  can  only  be  accomplished 
by  cooperation  and  satisfactory  relation- 
ship between  mining,  milling  and  smelt- 
ing interests,  cooperation  by  the  railways 
by  lowering  of  their  tariffs  to  cover  low- 
grade  ores  not  now  marketable  notwith- 
standing   repeated    concessions    in    treat- 


ment charges  by  the  smelters,  coopera- 
tion by  the  press  in  inviting  mining  in- 
vestors to  come  to  Colorado  with  the  as- 
surance of  fair  and  square  dealing  on 
the  part  of  ore-purchasing  concerns.  For 
surely  new  capital  will  not  come  here  if 
it  be  publicly  proclaimed  by  some  of  the 
press  for  political  or  other  reasons,  that 
the  chief  object  of  Colorado's  smelters 
is  not  to  stimulate  the  mining  industry, 
but  to  drive  it  out  of  existence  even  to 
the  destruction  of  the  smelting  plants  ' 
themselves. 

Last,  but  not  least,  is  the  necessity  for 
the  absolute  removal  of  any  considera- 
tion of  our  mining  and  smelting  indus- 
tries from  the  domain  of  politics,  the 
chief  characteristics  of  which,  in  this 
State,  are  incessant  turmoil,  bitterness 
and  rancor,  and  always  colossal  mendac- 
ity. 

Colorado's  metallurgical  engineers, 
that  is,  those  who  have  acquired  their 
initial  experience  in  this  State,  have  in-- 
disputably  stamped  their  individual  equa- 
tions on  metallurgical  -progress  the  world 
over.  It  was  their  efforts  which  have 
wrought  success  in  the  mineral  fields  of 
South  Africa,  New  South  Wales  and  Aus- 
tralia. It  is  to  them  that,  the  success- 
ful copper  milling  and  smelting  methods 
in  Montana  and  Utah  are  due.  It  is  they 
who  have  placed  the  chlorination  and 
cyanide  practice  of  the  Cripple  Creek 
field  on  its  high  plane  of  metallurgical 
achievement.  It  is  they  who  have  creat- 
ed a  practice  of  silver-lead  smelting, 
which  is  acknowledged  as  one  to  be  pat- 
terned after  in  other  States,  and  it  is  they 
who  are  now  utilizing  to  the  best  and 
largest  extent  our  present  mineral  re- 
sources, and  who  may  be  trusted  satis- 
factorily to  take  care  of  those  which  our 
pluck  and  energy  may  yet  bring  to  light. 

Present  Indications  Good 

If  indications  point  aright,  there  is  in- 
deed every  reason  to  hope  and  believe 
that  our  mining  conditions  will  greatly 
improve  in  the  near  future.  With  the 
deep  drainage  tunnel  practically  complete 
at  Cripple  Creek,  new  and  increasing 
tonnages  may  be  looked  for  from  that 
splendid  section;  with  the  discovery  of 
important  bodies  of  zinc  carbonates  at 
Leadville,  a  new  impetus  will  be  given  to 
enlarged  development  and  operations  in 
that  district,  which,  in  truth,  furnishes 
the  basis  of  our  smelting  industry;  and 
with  the  renewed  activities  in  those  two 
districts,  and  an  advancing  price  of  sil- 
ver, we  may  confidently  expect  an  awak- 
ening and  quickening  in  all  of  our  other 
mining  camps.  Under  such  stimulating 
influences,  Colorado's  mining  industries 
will  enter  upon  a  new  and  prosperous 
lease  of  life.  For  the  accomplishment 
of  this  most  desired  outcome  I  »''" 
pledge  on  the  part  of  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  the  ut- 
most assistance  which  we  can  legitimate- 
ly   extend. 


November  19.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1011 


Chitina   Copper   Region   in   Southern    Alaska 

A  Country  with  One  Remarkable  Mine,  but  Still  Insufficiently  Prospected. 
Prospecting   Season  Short.      New   Railroad   Will   Only   Border   Region 


BY  L. 

The  copper  country  of  interior  Alaska 
has  now  attracted  attention  for  10  years, 
since  the  discovery  of  the  Bonanza  mine. 
in  July.  1900.  When  this  rich  deposit 
was  found,  practically  by  chance,  in  a 
vast  unexplored  region,  all  of  which  for 
miles  around,  seemed  to  be  geologicallv 
the  same,  it  was  natural  to  conclude 
that  the  Bonanza  was  only  a  saniple  of 
what  would  be  found,  and  that  here  was 
a  region  such  as  the  world  had  never 
seen  before,  for  richness.  Prospectors 
came  in  at  once,  and  it  was  supposed 
that  railways  would  follow  in  a  year  or 
two,  but  the  difficulties  have  been  unusu- 
al. Meanwhile,  although  there  have 
been  promising  discoveries,  noth- 
ing else  to  approach  the  Bonanza  has 
been  found;  the  recent  business  depres- 
sion also  has  intervened;  for  which  rea- 
sons, a  number  of  projects  for  opening 
t!:e  region  by  rail  have  beer  delayed  or 
ruined.  Now,  however,  the  Guggenheim 
interests,  owners  of  the  Bonanza,  will 
probablv  coinplete  their  Copper  River 
railroad  to  the  mine  this  year.  The 
whole  region  should  develop  on  a  larger 
scale  than  heretofore,  and  it  is.  there- 
fore, again   receiving  consideration. 

Situation  of  thi-:  Chitina  Coppi;k  Rk- 

GION 

The  Kotsina-Chitina,  or  more  simply 
the  Chitina  copper  region,  occupies  'he 
southwestern  slopes  of  the  Wrangell 
mountains,  extending  south  to  within 
about  10  miles  of  the  Chitina  river, 
which  flows  parallel  to  the  southern 
Alaska  coast  line  and  aboutOOmiles  inland, 
until  it  joins  the  Copper  river,  this  in 
turn  flowing  south  to  the  sea.  The  east- 
ern end  of  the  regio-i  is  about  40  miles 
west  of  the  Canadian  line.  The  area 
is  approximately  1500  sq.nii.,  extending 
75  miles  along  the  Chitina  and  20  miles 
north  and  south.  This  area  is  only  half 
of  the  interior  copper  country,  the  other 
half  (Nabesna-White  River  region)  being 
to  the  northeast,  beyond  the  almost  im- 
passable mountain  summits,  and  distinct 
geographically,  though  similar  in  geol- 
ogy. 

The  topography  is  rugged,  the  moun- 
tains beginning  a  few  miles  north  of  the 
Chitina  and  rising  toward  the  north,  un- 
til on  the  summits  of  the  range,  such 
peaks  as  Blackburn  an.i  Wrangell  reach 
over  14.000  ft.  None  of  the  mining 
jClaims,  however,  are  at  an  elevation  of 
more  than  7000  ft.     Above  this  elevation 

•^tinln-   .■ni.'iiimT,    Viildcz.    Alnsk:i, 


w 


STORM* 


the  mountains  arc  practically  covered  bj 
snowtields.  in  which  originate  glaciers 
winding  down  through  every  important 
valley  and  ravine,  almost,  if  not  quite,  to 
the  main  valley  floors  of  the  Chitina  and 
Kotsina  rivers,  as  will  be  noted  in  the  ac- 
companying map  based  upon  a  study  of 
this  region,  by  the  U.  S.  Geological  Sur- 
vey. From  the  ends  of  the  glaciers,  flow 
the  streams  of  the  country.  The  drain- 
age is  mostly  southwest  into  the  Chitina, 
the  Kotsina.  in  the  western  part  of  the 
area,  flowing  into  the  Copper  at  a  point 
about  a  mile  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Chitina. 

Nikolai  Grkhnstone  and  Chitistonk 
Limestone  the  Most  Important  Rocks 

The  formations  most  widely  exposed 
here  and  most  important  from  a  mining 
point  of  view  are  the  two,  to  which  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey  has  given  the 
names;  Nikolai  greenstone  and  Chiti- 
stone  limestone. 

The  greenstone  is  considered  to  be 
Triassic.  and  consists  of  a  series  o.  flows 
of  green  to  brown  diabase,  fine  or  coarse 
grained  and  often  amygdaloidal,  its 
thickness  estimated  at  3000  to  4000  ft., 
although  the  underlying  formation  does 
not   appear. 

The  limestone  (Triassic)  lies  conform- 
ably on  the  greenstone.  It  is  fairly  pure, 
massive,  and  of  a  bluish  color  weather- 
ing to  gray.  Its  best  development  is  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  field  where  it  is 
2000  ft.  thick  or  more.  In  the  western 
part,  it  is  not  so  well  exposed  and  is 
probabh'   thinnei. 

These  rocks,  with  some  conformable 
beds  of  shaley  limestone  above,  are  brok- 
en and,  in  the  different  parts  of  the  field, 
dip  at  various  angles,  usually  not  over 
30  deg.  Unconformably  above,  arc  later 
formations  containing  no  mineral  de- 
posits, and  there  are  also  a  great  var- 
iety of  igneous  rocks,  of  Tertiary  age 
and  later,  both  acid  and  basic,  intrusive 
and  extrusive. 

Ores  in   Greenstone  or   in   Limestone 
Near  the  Contact 

The  ore  deposits,  with  few  exceptions, 
occur  m  the  greenstone  or  within  a  few 
feet  of  it,  in  the  limestone  above.  The 
greenstone,  wherever  it  is  exposed,  shows 
traces  nf  copper  minerals,  and  is  held  to 
bt  the  source  from  which  the  orebodies 
were  derived,  by  the  concentrating  action 
of  water  and  gases,  possibly  eontem- 
poran.'-ous  with  the  Tertiary  eruptives. 


Types  of  Limestone  Ore  Deposits 

The  great  mine  of  the  region  is  the 
Bonanza,  in  the  eastern  end  of  the  area. 
It  lies  at  an  elevation  of  6000  ft.,  on  the 
mountain  overlooking  Kennicott  glacier 
from  the  east,  and  consists  of  irregul.ar 
or  roughly  tabular  masses  of  chalcocite, 
replacing  limestone,  in  a  vertical  faulted 
zone  about  20  ft.  wide.  From  the  main 
north  and  south  ridge,  a  spur  runs  off 
southwesterly,  at  right  angles  to  the 
limestone-greenstone  contact,  whose 
dip  is  25  deg.  to  the  north- 
east. The  orebody  outcrops  along 
the  comb  of  this  ridge,  for  a  length 
of  about  400  ft.,  between  horizons  re- 
spectively 50  and  200  ft.  above  the  con- 
tact. The  great  richness  of  the  deposit 
was  known  from  the  moment  of  its  dis- 
covery, as  the  massive  chalcocite,  unal- 
tered except  for  a  film  of  azurite,  shows 
in  patches  and  bands,  directly  upon 
the  surface.  From  this  outcrop  and 
a  few  hundred  feet  of  underground  work- 
ings, it  seems  safe  to  estimate  that  the 
orebody  contains  about  80,000  tons  of 
ore,  carrying  50  per  cent,  copper,  and  S3 
or  S4  in  gold  and  silver  per  ton;  besides 
Inwer-grade  ore;  notably,  60,000  tons  of 
13  per  cent,  ore  lying  in  a  talus  slope 
on  the  side  of  the  ridge  below  the  out- 
crop, from  which  it  has  weathered  away. 
The  possibilities  of  the  mine  are,  of 
course,    considerably    greater    than    this. 

The  Jumbo  and  Erie  Deposits 

From  the  Bonanza,  the  contact  runs 
north,  gradually  descending  along  the 
mountain  side,  with  scattered  small  bod- 
ies of  chalcocite  occurring  in  the  lime- 
stone at,  or  a  few  feet  above,  the  green- 
stone. The  most  important  of  these  are 
the  Jumbo  and  the  Erie  deposits,  respec- 
tively three-fourths  and  three  miles  north 
of  the  Bonanza.  The  Jumbo  is  an  ir- 
ngular  body,  about  30  ft.  long  by  5 
ft.  wide,  occurring  in  the  limestone 
about  8  ft.  above  the  contact.  Its  out- 
crop is  at  an  angle  in  a  cliff,  the  two 
faces  of  which  each  expose  sections. 
Near  it  in  the  same  stratum  of  limestone 
are  smaller  masses.  The  Erie  outcrop 
is  about  2  ft.  wide  by  30  ft.  long,  and  lies 
directly  on  the  contact  with  projections 
and  detached  masses  of  chalcocite  above 
in  the  limestone,  but  no  c-^  below  in  the 
greenstone. 

These  deposits  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Bonanza,  are  the  best  of  the  orebodies 
so  far  discovered  in  the  limestone,  and 
the  only  ones  consisting  entirely  of 
glance.       The      Wesfover     deposit,     oti 


1012 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  19,   1910. 


Boulder  creek,  a  tributary  of  Dan  creek, 
in  the  extreme  eastern  end  of  the  region, 
resembles  the  Erie  in  size  and  occur- 
rence, but  contains  more  gangue  and  the 
ore  is  bornite  instead  of  chalcocite. 
West  of  the  Kennicott  glacier,  ore  de- 
posits in  the  limestone  are  not  numer- 
ous, and  are  similar  to  those  in  the 
greenstone. 

Types  of  Greenstone  Ore  Deposits 

Deposits  in  greenstone  are  the  prevail- 
ing ones  over  the  whole  region,  and  are 
principally  of  two  kinds:  (1)  Shear 
zone  deposits,  carrying  bornite,  chalcopy- 
rite,  and  chalcocite  in  a  gangue  of  coun- 
try rock,  calcite,  and  more  or  less  quartz; 
(2)  deposits  of  metallic  copper,  dissem- 
inated in  grains,  lumps,  or  thin  plates 
in  the  greenstone  flows. 


small  particles,  but  large  masses  are  tak- 
en out  as  well",  some  of  them  weighing 
several  hundred  pounds.  The  general 
average  for  the  12  ft.  is  perhaps  5  or 
6  per  cent.  The  development  does  not 
show  the  extent  of  the  vein  nor  of  the 
oreshoot. 

The  holdings  of  the  Hubbard-Eliott 
company,  on  Eliott  creek,  are  promising 
examples  of  the  more  ordinary  shear- 
.-o".e  type.  The  indefinite,  poorly  marked 
shear  zones  can  be  seen  in  nearly  every 
exposure  of  greenstone  in  the  region.  In 
most  cases  the  ore  is  little  else  than 
crushed  greenstone,  carrying  bornite  and 
chalcocite.  The  copper  content  varies 
from  a  mere  carbonate  stain  or  a  few 
particles  of  sulphide  ore  sparsely  scat- 
tered through  the  gangue,  up  to  3,  4  or  5 
per  cent.,  in  some  cases  occurring  under 


ous  route  along  the  margin  of  a  glacier, 
and  therefore  but  little  work  has  been 
done   on   it. 

Deposits  of  similar  character,  though 
carrying  only  native  copper  dis- 
seminated in  greenstone,  occur  on  the 
same  ridge  with  the  Bonanza,  also  near! 
the  Lakina  glacier,  and  among  the  head- 
waters and  tributaries  of  the  Kotsina. 
Probably  such  deposits  exist  in  the  drain- 
age area  of  Nugget  creek,  which  takes  its 
name  from  the  copper  nuggets  found  in 
its  bed,  the  largest  of  these  being  two 
or  three  tons  in  weight.  These  native- 
copper  deposits  are  mostly  low  in  grade, 
and  of  local  occurrence  only.  Nothing 
in  the  nature  of  a  flow  carrying  copper 
wherever  it  is  exposed,  or  even  for  any 
considerable  extent  has  so  far  been  dis- 
covered. 


The  shear-zone  bodies  are  the  most 
numerous,  there  being  probably  10  ofthis 
to  one  nf  different  type.  They  vary  from 
well  defined  veins  with  fillings  of  calcite 
or  quartz,  quite  different  from  the  country 
rock,  to  others  filled  simply  with  crushed 
greenstone  shading  gradually  off  into  that 
which  is  more  solid.  The  ore  is  usually 
in  nodules,  bunches,  stringers  and  thin 
layers,  and  is  not  uniformly  distributed 
across  or  along  the  veins.  It  is  easy 
to  sort  out  ore  which  will  assay  25  to 
50  per  cent,  copper,  but  the  general  con- 
tent as  a  rule  is  low.  As  an  example 
of  the  well  marked  type  may  be  taken 
the  Valdez  vein  of  the  Alaska 
Consolidated  Copper  Company,  on  Nug- 
get creek.  It  is  about  12  ft.  thick  where 
best  exposed ;  the  gangue  is  calcite  car- 
rying    bornite     disseminated     mostly     in 


The  Chitina  Mining  District  of  Alas? 

circumftances  which  will  permit  of  prof- 
itable worl'.ing. 

Native  Copper  Deposits 

The  native-copper  deposits  are  not  so 
numerous  as  the  shear  zones,  but  each 
of  the  main  districts  in  the  region  has 
several  of  them,  and  the  gravel  of  nearly 
every  stream  contains  copper  nuggets  de- 
rived froin  such  deposits. 

One  of  the  best  of  these  is  on  Glacier 
creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Chitistone.  The 
copper  here  lies  in  one  certain  flow  of  the 
amygdaloidal  greenstone,  about  8  ft. 
thick.  It  consists  of  specks  and  netted 
or  spongy  masses  inclosing  country 
rock,  and  is  associated  with  black  and 
red  oxide,  malachite  and  chalcocite.  The 
extent  of  the  deposit  is  poorly  shown, 
as  it  can  be  reached  only  by  a  danger- 


NiKOLAi  Mine  the  First  Discovered 


There  are  a  few  deposits  belonging  to 
none  of  these  classes;  notably,  the 
Nikolai  mine,  10  miles  southeast  of  the 
Bonanza.  This  is  the  first  copper  deposit 
in  the  region,  known  to  white  men,  and 
was  discovered  by  them,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  the  natives,  in  1899.  It  occupies 
a  true  fissure  vein  in  greenstone,  about 
10  ft.  in  width,  the  mineralization  bs- 
■ng  bornite  and  chalcopyrite,  which  fills 
the  entire  vein,  where  it  is  best  exposed, 
except  for  a  4-ft.  horse  in  the  center.  A 
2-  to  4-ft.  streak  of  similar  ore  is  ex- 
posed for  about  30  ft.  along  the  vein,  and 
for  30  ft.  of  depth,  with  ore  still  show- 
ing in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  but  at 
other  places,  where  exposed,  the  vein  is 
barren. 


I 


i 


November  19.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


lOK 


Again  there  are  several  large  well 
marked  shear  zones,  carrying  massive 
magnetite,  with  a  small  percentage  of 
copper.  These  occur  in  an  area  of  dia- 
base and  gabbro  near  Trail  creek,  a  trib- 
utary of  the  Kuskulana,  and  their  de- 
velopment with  depth  might  be  interest- 
ing to  follow. 

The  deposits  mentioned  do  not  exhaust 
the  list,  nor  are  they,  in  all  cases,  the 
most  promising  of  their  several  types. 
They  are  simply  examples,  taken  from  a 
great  number  of  holdings,  upon  which 
it  would  not  be  worth  while,  even  if 
it  were  possible,  to  pass  judgment  in- 
dividually. With  the  exception  of  the 
Bonanza,  they  are  undeveloped  prospects, 
and  in  no  other  case  are  they  so  well 
exposed  by  nature  as  in  the  Bonanza. 

Nor  is  the  lack  of  development  work  to 
be  taken  as  prima  facia  evidence  of  an 
unpromising  property.  Conditions  under 
which  development  has  been  done  are 
so  expensive,  that  the  owners  of  claims 
do  only  the  work  necessary  to  hold  them, 
and  defer  extensive  development  until 
it  can  be  done  more  cheaply. 

Present    Transportation    by    Sledge 

I  All  supplies  and  equipment  in  the  past 
have  come  into  the  region  by  way  of 
the  seaport  of  Valdez,  on  Prince  William 
sound,  mainly  in  the  winter,  on  sleds 
drawn  by  horses,  over  a  trail  120  miles 
in  length  for  the  nearest  parts  of  the 
region,  to  220  miles  for  the  parts  more 
remote,  crossing  mountain  summits  and 
following  the  windings  of  rivers.  The 
;ost  is  12  to  20c.  per  lb.  for  such  winter 
transportation.  Packing  on  horseback  in 
;he  summer  costs  three  or  four  times  as 
nuch. 

Moreover,  the  season  for  effective  pros- 
lecting  and  other  outside  work  lasts  only 
from  .June  15  to  Sept.  15,  although  the 
A'inters  are  not  severe  enough  to  inter- 
fere seriously  with  work,  after  operating 
:onditions    have    been    established. 

The  railroad  will  run  from  Cordova, 
in  Prince  William  sound,  up  the  Copper 
md  Chitina  rivers  to  the  Bonanza  mine, 
1  total  distance  of  198  miles,  of  which 
32  miles  to  the  mouth  of  the  Kotsina 
iver  is  being  operated.  Hi  miles  more 
•hould  be  finished  in  October,  and  the 
emainder  by  January,  1911.  It  will  be 
if  great  benefit  to  the  whole  region,  al- 
hough  it  skirts  along  its  southern  limit, 
eaving  most  of  the  mining  ground  10  to 
iO  miles  distant  to  the  north,  to  be 
cached  in  most  cases  by  ascending  steep 
alleys,  and  often  by  routes  in  part 
cross  glaciers  or  by  zigzag  trails  up 
lountain  sides  and  over  high  ridges. 

The  completion  of  the  railway  will, 
herefore,  relieve,  and  not  completely 
,ure  the  difficulties  of  transportation,  and 
pe  average  mining  costs  throughout  the 
iistrict  will  still  be  high,  .fudging  from 
ie  present   surface    showings,    only    a 


small  percentage  of  the  holdings  here 
can  be  made  to  pay,  and  the  presence  of 
unaltered  sulphide  ores  on  the  surface 
is  not  favorable  to  the  prospects  of  a 
general    improvement    with    depth. 

Behavior  of  Orebodies  at  Depth    not 
Known 

On  the  other  hand,  the  behavior  of  the 
orebodies  in  depth  for  this  region  is  not 
known.  Some  of  the  main  operators 
hold  that,  although  there  is  little  or  no 
zone  of  oxidation,  and  although  the  sul- 
phides appear  directly  on  the  surface,  the 
great  sheared  and  faulted  zones,  some 
of  which  persist  for  thousands  of  feet 
on  the  surface  and  must  go  down  to 
great  depths,  have  been  enriched  by 
downward  percolating  water;  and  the  aim 
of  such  operators  is  to  get  depth  as 
quickly  as  possible  on  such  deposits. 
Their  view  does  not  square  well  with  the 
most  modern  beliefs  on  ore  genesis,  but 
it  must  be  remembered  that  the  action  of 
atmospheric  waters  in  this  northern  re- 
gion may  differ  from  its  action  in  the  re- 
gions where  it  has  been  studied,  where 
the  weather  has  mostly  been  warm  and 
dry;  at  least,  the  conditions  have  not 
been  sub-arctic. 

A  further  hope  for  the  country  lies  in 
the  fact  that  it  has  been  but  imperfectly 
prospected,  since  the  majority  of  those 
who  have  gone  over  it  had  no  previous 
experience  as  prospectors,  or  else  what 
they  had  was  with  placer  mines  only. 
The  extent  of  the  copper-bearing  rocks 
is  great  and  the  geologic  conditions  for 
ore  deposition  are  good.  Ultimately  this 
region  will  doubtless  take  an  important 
place  as  a  copper  producer,  though 
hardly  the  preeminent  one  that  has  often 
been  predicted. 


New    Mining    Law   of  the 
Dominican  Republic 

The  new  mining  law  of  the  Dominican 
Republic  went  into  effect  July  27,  1910. 
A  concession  must  be  obtained  for  prac- 
tically all  mining,  except  oils,  mineral  wa- 
ters, building  stones  and  nonmetallifer- 
ous  sands  and  gravel. 

Prospecting,  except  on  one's  own  land, 
necessitates  permission  from  the  owner 
of  the  land  and  a  permit  from  the  governor 
of  the  province.  If  the  owner  refuses 
permission,  or  if  the  land  is  common 
property,  a  guaranty  against  any  dam- 
age is  deposited  with  the  governor.  The 
permit  is  good  for  six  months  on  an  area 
of  not  over  123.5  acres. 

Denouncement  is  effected  by  filing 
with  the  governor  of  the  province  a  state- 
ment, showing  on  whose  land  mineral  is 
found,  its  kind,  the  limits  of  the  land 
denounced,  a  topographical  map  and 
duplicate  samples  of  the  mineral.  These 
are  made  public  for  30  days.  If  there 
is  opposition,  the  matter  is  settled  in 
the  courts;  if  not.  the  governor  transmits 


the  petition  for  the  concession  to  the 
Department  of  Development.  The  con- 
cession carries  perpetual  ownership  of 
the  mine,  except  in  case  of  later  annul- 
ment, together  with  all  rights  necessary 
for  its  development. 

The  concessionaire  must  commence  a 
survey  within  90  days,  and  begin  serious 
work  within  one  year,  except  in  case  the 
mine  is  over  12;'j  miles  from  the  coast, 
in  which  case  three  years  are  allowed. 
One  must  expend  S25  per  hectare  (2.47 
acres)  per  annum  for  gold,  platinum, 
radium,  silver,  mercury  or  precious-stone 
mines;  .S15  for  other  mines;  $10  for  ex- 
ploitation of  metalliferous  sands.  Miners 
must  pay  the  state  2  per  cent,  of  their 
gross  proceeds,  and  2  per  cent,  of  the 
net  proceeds  to  the  owners  of  the  land. 
The  mine  owner  must  have  a  legal  resi- 
dence in  the  Dominican  Republic,  and 
leave  a  legal  representative  in  case  of 
his  absence. 


Miner's  Benefit  Fund 


In  order  to  assist  the  miners  in 
case  of  accident,  a  benefit  fund  h.is 
been  established  by  the  Rogers-Brown 
Iron  Company  operating  the  Buffalo  & 
Susquehanna  mine  at  Hibbing,  Minn.  The 
insurance  plan  is  such  that  the  miners 
actually  furnish  the  necessary  funds. 
Each  man  is  assessed  50c.  per  month 
under  the  name  of  "club  fund,"  and  this 
amount  is  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the 
organization.  The  cashier  of  the  com- 
pany is  treasurer  of  the  "club,"  while  the 
mine  captain  and  shift  bosses  are  officers 
and  form  a  committee  to  investigate  any 
accident  and  decide  upon  the  merits  of 
the  case. 

In  case  of  death  by  accident  the  min- 
er's family  receives  S300  cash,  and  in 
case  of  injury  he  receives  SI  per  day 
while  unable  to  work,  not  exceeding  six 
months.  While  this  amount  is  not  large, 
it  will  in  many  cases  tide  the  family  over 
a  trying  period  until  other  arrangements 
can  be  made. 

This  system  has  been  effective  at  this 
and  the  Iroquois  mine  about  three  years 
and  has  paid  a  number  of  small  claims, 
including  some  death  losses.  At  both  of 
these  mines  there  is  an  ample  surplus  to 
take  care  of  a  number  of  death  claims. 
When  this  plan  was  first  adopted,  the 
fund  was  not  larce  enough,  and  the  com- 
pany loaned  a  sufficient  amount  to  meet 
the  claims.  This  has  been  paid  back  and 
the  "club"  at  both  mines  is  in  first-class 
condition. 

There  is  also  a  small  hospital  fee 
at  the  majority  of  the  mines  on  the 
range.  In  many  cases  the  hospital  is 
independent  of  the  mining  company,  be- 
ing owned  by  local  physicians  and  sur- 
geons. The  hospital  fund  collected  by 
the  companies  is  turned  over  to  the  hospi- 
tals direct. 


1014 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


Electric  Hoisting  in  Mining  Operations 

Gradual  Replacement  of  the  Steam  Hoist  Due  to  the  Efficient  Utilization 
of  the   Energy  Supplied  and   Absorbed   by  Electric    Hoisting    Systems 


B    Y 


S. 


Electric  winding  is  gradually  replacing 
steam  winding  in  mining  operations.  The 
increasing  use  of  electricity  in  mines, 
brought  about  largely  by  the  developnient 
of  power  stations  in  the  vicinity  of  mines, 
has  led  mining  engineers  to  consider  the 
question  of  substituting  the  electric  mo- 
tor for  the  hoisting  engine,  which  absorbs 
such  a  large  portion  of  the  total  power 
required  at  a  mine. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  conditions  of 
steam  winding  do  not  lend  themselves  to 
economy.  In  the  first  place  there  is  an 
interval  between  each  hoist  when  the  en- 
gine is  idle.  Consequently  the  cylinder 
walls  cool,  causing  considerable  con- 
densation upon  the  introduction  of  steam 
ar  the  beginning  of  each  hoist.  Cylinder 
condensation  is  also  promoted  during  the 
long  periods  w^hen  no  ore  is  hoisted,  but 
while  the  engine  is  waiting  to  hoist,  at  a 
moment's  notice,  men  or  stores. 

Steam  Hoist  Incapable  of  Absorbing 
Energy 

In  the  second  place  the  steam  hoist  is 
unable  to  utilize  the  energy  that  is  de- 
livered to  it  by  the  descending  cage.  To 
start  the  cage  from  the  bottom,  a  power- 
ful effort  must  be  e.xerted  by  the  engine. 
Immediately  after,  and  during  the  period 
of  acceleration,  a  rapidly  increasing  effort 
must  be  made  by  the  engine  until  the 
ascending  cage  reaches  its  maximum 
speed.  From  this  point  on,  the  effort 
required  gradually  decreases,  due  to  the 
descending  cage  rapidly  acquiring  mo- 
mentum which  assists  the  revolution  of 
the  winding  drum.  In  some  instances,  at 
a  certain  period  of  the  hoist,  all  effort 
from  the  engine  ceases,  the  descending 
cage  performing  the  rest  of  the  work.  In 
addition,  the  descending  cage  furnishes  a 
considerable  amount  of  energy  which  has 
to  be  uselessly  dissipated  by  the  brakes. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  some  of  the 
old  hoisting  plants  use  as  much  as  1 1  lb. 
of  coal  per  i.h.p.  in  the  hoisting  engine, 
no  allowance  having  been  made  for  con- 
densation. Improvements  in  the  matter 
of  economy  have  been  effected  by  the 
use  of  the  Koepe  winding  rope,  and  by 
the  introduction  of  the  compound  winding 
engine.  With  the  latter,  however,  there 
is  difTiculty  in  delivering  a  large  initial 
effort  to  the  axle  of  the  winding  drum. 
The  steam  must  first  do  its  work  in  the 
small  high-pressure  cylinder  before  pass- 
ing through  the  larger  low-pressure  cyl- 
inder, and    unless   special   arrangements 


•ConKiiltliiK    ciiRlneei-,    Bloomfleld    crescent, 
Bnlh,    KiiK. 


WALKER 


I 


are  made,  the  initial  effort  depends  en- 
tirely upon  the  high-pressure  cylinder. 
The  difficulty  was  overcome,  to  a  certain 
extent,  by  admitting  the  full  pressure  of 
steam  to  both  cylinders  at  the  beginning 
of  the  hoist.  At  the  best,  however,  the 
steam  hoist  is  necessarily  wasteful. 


tion  in  the  next  hoist  during  the  period  of 
starting  and  acceleration.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  the  hoist,  power  is  delivered  to 
the  electric  motor  driving  the  winding 
drum,  partly  by  the  flywheel,  and  partly 
from  the  power  service.  In  the  United 
Kingdom,   and    generally    in   mining   dis- 


1 


Exciter 


1 


C.C.  Motor  or 
Generator 


U 


I 


Transformer 


6  6  6 


u 


iUn 


Three-phase 
Motor 


Flywheel 


C.C.  Windine  Motor 


WindinB 


Drum 


Tht  /,ni7i"<cn'ii/^.Vi«Mni7.f"""wl 


Fir,.  I.   Sikmens-Il(;ni;r  Hoisting  System 


Electric  Hoisting  System  Capable  of 
Absorbing  Energy  Delivered  to  it 
Electric-winding  apparatus  is  based 
upon  the  principle  of  the  absorption  of 
the  surplus  energy  of  the  descending  cage 
by  the  aid  of  a  fiywheel,  and  its  utiliza- 


tricts,  power  is  now  distributed  by  the 
high-tension  three-phase  alternating  sys- 
tem, and  electric-winding  plants  are  de- 
signed to  use  these  alternating  currents, 
either  directly,  or  after  conversion  to 
continuous  current. 


November  19.  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1015 


There  are  three  principal  systems  of 
electric  winding  in  use,  in  addition  to 
other  arrangements  in  some  parts  of  Ger- 
inany  and  America.  They  are  the  Sie- 
niens-Ilgner  designed  by  the  Siemens  of 
Berlin  and  London,  the  Westinghouse  sys- 
tem, manufactured  by  the  Westinghouse 
company  and  the  L.ihmeyer  system.  The 
latter,  so  far  as  I  know,  has  only  been 
installed  at  Ligny-les-Aires  in  France,  and 
in  a  recent  installation  for  the  Ferndale 
collieries  in  South  Wales,  by  the  Lah- 
meyer  company;  theelectric-windingplant 
at  the  Tylorsto^vn  colliery  is  on  the  Sie- 
mens-IIgner  system. 

The  Siemens-Ilgner  and  the  Westing- 
house systems  difTer  in  that  in  the  former, 
continuous  current  is  delivered  to  the 
driving  motor  of  the  winding  drum,  while 
in  one  form  of  the  latter,  three-phase 
currents  are  delivered  directly  to  three- 
phase  motors  actuating  the  winding  drum. 


current  generator  rotate  together.  A  fly- 
wheel is  mounted  upon  the  joint  axle  of 
the  two  machines.  The  current  from  the 
generator  is  taken  to  one  or  two  continu- 
ous-current motors  geared  to  the  axle  of 
the  winding  drum. 

Control  of  the  v.hole  apparatus  is  ob- 
tained by  a  lever  similar  to  that  of  a 
steam-winding  engine.  Manipulation  of 
the  starting  resistance  is  secured  through 
this  lever  by  the  engine  driver  thus  regu- 
lating the  admission  of  current  to  the  elec- 
tric motors  on  the  winding  drum,  the  mo- 
tors giving  the  required  increase  of  power 
to  furnish  the  necessary  acceleration. 
When  the  maximum  acceleration  has  been 
reached,  the  pressure  delivered  by  the 
generator  is  gradually  reduced,  and  at 
the  moment  when  the  descending  cage 
has  acquired  sufficient  momentum  to  per- 
form the  work,  no  current  is  delivered  by 
the  generator  to  the  winding  motor. 


n 


jS 


Transformer 

=1 — r 


i 


Three-phase 
Motor 


Flywheel 


tt 


m 


Rotary 
Converter 


C.C.  Motor 


Thf  r>i,7i'irrWflf  f  Mlnintr  J^urn<n 


Fig.  2.    Westinghouse  Hoisting  System 


ind  branches  from  cables  are  taken  to  ap- 
laratus  converting  three-phase  to  direct 
urrent  for  use  in  the  flywheel  portion  of 
he  apparatus. 

lEMENS-lLGNER    UTILIZES    HiGH    TENSION 

Transmission  and  Continuous  Cur- 
rent Motor  for  Hoisting 

In  the  Siemens-Ilgner  apparatus,  shown 
1  Fig.  1,  the  three-phase,  high-pressure, 
Iternating  currents  are  reduced  to  about 
W  volts  in  a  transformer,  and  then  pass 
1  a  motor-generator,  where  the  alternat- 
,ig  currents  are  converted  to  a  continu- 
us  current. 
The  motor-generator  consists  of  two 
machines,  a  three-phase  alternating- 
urrent  motor,  and  a  continuous-cur- 
;nt  generator.  The  axles  of  both  ma- 
tiines  are  mechanically  connected,  so  that 
rotor  of  the  alternating-current  mo- 
and  the  armature  of  the  continuous- 


In  Electric  Hoisting,  AIotor  May  Act 
AS  Generator 

The  control  is  carried  still  further.  By 
operating  the  lever,  the  driver  reduces  the 
pressure  of  the  continuous-current  gen- 
erator. A  peculiar  property  of  the  elec- 
tric motor  is  shown  here,  for  when  it  is 
furnished  with  electric  current,  it  will 
deliver  mechanical  power,  but  if  it  is 
driven  by  mtonanical  power,  it  will  fur- 
nish an  electric  current.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  hoist,  the  winding  motors  are  fur- 
nished with  current  from  the  generator, 
but  after  the  point  is  reached  when  the 
descending  cage  is  able  to  perform  the 
work  of  the  hoist,  the  winding  motors  are 
driven  by  the  drum,  and  then  they  fur- 
nish current,  which  by  the  manipulation 
of  the  driver's  controller,  passes  into  the 
continuous  current  generator  forming  part 
of  the  flywheel  set. 


Furthermore,  the  continuous-current 
generator,  if  furnished  with  current  at  a 
pressure  in  excess  of  that  delivered  at  its 
own  terminals,  will  convert  the  current 
into  mechanical  power  by  running  as  a 
motor.  This  power  is  partly  stored  in  the 
flywheel  and  partly  expended  in  driving 
the  three-phase,  alternating-current  motor 
as  a  generator,  causing  it  to  deliver  cur- 
rent to  the  power  service. 

Hoisting  System  Controlled  by  a  Va- 
riable Resistance  under  Control 

of  Operator 
The  control  apparatus  is  simple,  con- 
sisting of  a  series  of  resistances  which  are 
thrown  into  or  cut  out  of  the  circuit 
formed  by  the  flywheel  generator  and  the 
motor  or  motors  actuating  the  winding 
drum.  In  the  later  portion  of  the  hoist, 
another  series  of  resistances  is  inserted 
in  the  coils  of  the  field  magnets  of  the 
flywheel  generator,  more  and  more  resist- 
ance being  thrown  in,  as  the  pressure  de- 
livered by  the  winding  motor  increases. 

Here  again  another  property  of  the  mo- 
tor is  made  use  of.  When  running  as  a 
generator,  the  pressure  delivered  at  its 
terminals  may  be  varied  by  inserting  a 
resistance  in  the  circuit  of  the  field-mag- 
net coils,  and  increasing  or  decreasing  its 
amount.  In  the  present  case,  gradually 
reducing  the  current  passing  in  the  field- 
magnet  coils  of  the  flywheel  generator, 
causes  the  speed  of  the  generator,  now 
running  as  a  motor,  to  gradually  increase, 
and  to  store  the  surplus  energy  in  the 
flywheel  attached  to  its  axle. 

Safety  devices  are  also  employed  in 
connection  with  the  Siemens-Ilgner  elec- 
tric-winding apparatus.  They  are  ar- 
ranged to  cut  off  the  supply  of  current 
and  to  apply  powerful  brakes  automati- 
cally in  case  of  accident. 

Westinghouse  System  Utilizes  Alter- 
nating-current Motors  Regulated 
BY  an  Equalizer  Set 

The  Westinghouse  apparatus  is  called 
a  converter-equalizer  systein,  as  its  func- 
tion is  to  equalize  the  load  upon  the 
power  station.  This  is  also  the  end  at- 
tained in  the  Siemens  Ilgner.  In  the 
Westinghouse  system,  however,  the  wind- 
ing motor  or  group  of  motors  is  designed 
for  a  certain  consumption  of  electrical 
energy.  The  function  of  the  converter- 
equalizer  is  to  maintain,  as  nearly  con- 
stant as  possible,  the  demand  for  current 
from  the  power  station.  To  this  end, 
when  the  winding  motor  is  not  running, 
or,  in  the  later  period  of  the  hoist,  when 
ihe  descending  cage  is  driving  the  winding 
motor  and  drum,  the  electrical  energy  that 
would  be  expended  in  diiving  the  winding 
drum,  is  stored  in  a  flywheel  set.  At  the 
beginning  of  each  hoist,  this  energy  as- 
sists in  furnishing  the  current  required 
during  the  period  of  starting  and  acceler- 
ation. 

As  shown  in  Fig.  2,  the  three-phase  cur- 
rents of  this  system  are  taken  directly  to 


1016 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


a  three-phase  electric  motor,  coupled  me- 
chanically to  the  winding  drum  through 
the  necessary  reducing  gear.  The  con- 
ductors leading  to  the  winding  motor  are 
tapped,  as  shown  in  the  diagram,  by 
branch  conductors  leading  through  a 
transformer  to  a  rotary'  converter.  It  is 
claimed  by  the  Westinghouse  company 
that  one  rotary  converter  may  be  used  for 
a  set  of  winding  motors,  or  for  a  group  of 
motors,  where  the  mines  lie  sufficiently 
near  together  to  be  worked  from  one  sub- 
station. 

Special  Windings  and  Suitable  Resist- 
ances Make  System  Practically 
Automatic 

The  rotary  converter  is  the  rival  ma- 
chine to  the  motor-generator,  combining 
in  one  machine  what  the  motor-generator 
requires  two  to  accomplish.  It  has  the 
property  of  converting  three-phase  alter- 
nating currents  to  a  continuous  current 
or  the  reverse.  The  proportion  between 
the  pressure  on  the  continuous-current 
side  and  that  on  the  alternating-current 
side,  is  100  to  61.  Thus  three-phase  cur- 
rents at  305  volts  delivered  through  the 
transformer  to  the  slip  rings,  would  be 
converted  to  a  continuous  current  at  500 
volts.  The  continuous  current  furnished 
by  the  rotary  converter  is  led  to  the  fly- 
wheel set  as  shown  in  Fig.  2. 

By  means  of  special  windings  on  the 
continuous-current  motor  and  in  the  field- 
magnet  coils  of  the  rotary  converter,  the 
operation  of  hoisting  is  rendered  as  near- 
ly automatic  as  possible.  Through  these 
winding  and  suitable  resistances,  together 
with  a  liquid  resistance  in  this  case,  the 
apparatus  is  controlled  by  a  lever,  in- 
serted in  the  circuit  of  the  rotor  of  the 
winding  motor. 

Hoists  Under  Excellent  Control 

In  the  Westinghouse  system  the  driver 
has  under  his  control  not  only  means 
for  varying  the  speed,  but  also  for  revers- 
ing the  direction  of  motion  of  the  winding 
motor,  and  for  quickly  applying  pneu- 
matic and  mechanical  brakes.  The  West- 
inghouse company  also  manufactures  a 
\»inding  system  similar  to  the  one  just 
described,  except  that  in  place  of  a  single 
motor  with  a  flywheel  on  its  axle,  there 
are  two  continuous-current  motors  with  a 
flywheel  mounted  between  them;  the  two 
acting  as  a  motor-generator,  like  the  Sie- 
mens-Ilgner  arrangement.  This  system  is 
also  used  in  rolling  mills. 

Lahmeyer  Apparatus  Uses  Direct  Cur- 
rent Only 

At  the  Ligny-les-Aires  mines,  the  Lah- 
meyer winding  apparatus  is  employed  in 
connection  with  the  Koepe  method  of 
winding.  The  whole  service  is  on  the 
continuous-current  system.  Two  motors, 
each  arranged  to  work  at  500-volts  pres- 
sure, are  coupled  mechanically  to  the 
axle  of  the  winding  drum  and  take  cur- 


rent directly  from  the  power  service 
through  the  usual  switches  and  safety  ap- 
pliances. There  is  in  addition  a  flywheel 
compensator  set,  consisting  of  three  ma- 
chines, a  motor,  a  dynamo,  and  a  booster; 
the  three  having  their  axles  mechanically 
connected,  with  the  flywheel  mounted-as 
usual  between  the  motor  and  the  dynamo. 
The  booster  assists  in  regulating  the 
speed.  The  motor  of  the  flywheel  set  is 
connected  to  the  power  service  in  the  usual 
way  and  drives  the  dynamo.  When  the 
hoist  is  at  rest  the  dynamo  of  the  fly- 
wheel set  furnishes  a  pressure  of  500 
volts.  The  connections  are  so  arranged, 
that  the  pressure  delivered  by  this  dy- 
namo opposes  the  pressure  of  the  power 
service  so  that  no  current  passes  through 
the  winding  motors.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  hoist  the  pressure  delivered  by  the 
flywheel  dynamo  is  reduced  by  reducing 
the  strength  of  the  current  passing 
through  its  field-magnet  coils.  This  allows 


lever  controls  the  speed  and  the  direction 
of  the  hoist,  etc.,  as  in  the  other  systems. 

Hoisting  Apparatus  without  a  Com- 
pensator Set  Wasteful  of  Energy 

Winding  by  electric  motor  without  the 
compensating  appliances  described  above, 
is  employed  in  Europe  and  America  and 
to  a  small  extent  in  the  United  Kingdom. 
In  these  cases,  either  a  continuous-current 
motor  or  a  three-phase  motor  is  geared 
to  the  winding  drum.  The  speed  of  the 
motor  is  regulated  by  means  of  a  va- 
riable resistance  through  some  form  of 
controller.  Safety  devices  are  also  pro- 
vided. One  of  the  disadvantages  of  these 
plants  is  the  great  power  absorbed  in 
v.inding,  and  the  heavy  fall  of  pressure 
in  the  cables  of  the  power  service  during 
the  starting  and  acceleration  periods  of 
the  hoist. 

At  a  colliery  in  Germany,  where  wind- 
ing was  done  by  three-phase  motors  di- 


Winding 

Motor 

B 

3 

u 

a 

ba 

c 

'■""y  •}■  MiniftQ  Juurnal 


Fig.  3.    Lahmeyer  Hoisting  System 


current  to  pass  into  the  winding  motors, 
starting  the  hoist. 

Regulation   through   Motor-dynamo 
Compensator  Set 

As  the  hoisting  proceeds  the  pressure 
delivered  by  the  dynamo  is  gradually  re- 
duced, giving  the  winding  motors  a  con- 
stantly increasing  current,  until  the  pres- 
sure in  the  dynamo  is  at  zero.  Then  the 
exciting  current  in  its  field-magnet  coils 
is  reversed,  and  it  commences  to  gen- 
erate a  pressure  in  the  opposite  direction. 
This  reverse  pressure  is  now  added  to 
the  power-service  pressure,  increasing  the 
current  passing  through  the  winding  mo- 
tors, and  thus  producing  the  necessary 
speed  for  the  acceleration. 

During  the  later  portion  of  the  hoist, 
when  the  descending  cage  is  giving  out 
power,  any  surplus  is  taken  up  by  the 
flywheel  of  the  motor-dynamo  compensa- 
tor. To  bring  the  cage  to  rest  the  re- 
verse operation  is  performed,  the  pressure 
at  the  terminals  of  the  winding  motors 
being  gradually  reduced  by  the  combined 
action  of  the  flywheel  dynamo  and  the 
booster,  and  it  is  finally  brought  to  rest 
by  the  action  of  an  electric  brake.  Safety 
devices  are  also  employed  and  a  suitable 


rectly  connected  to  a  2300  to  2400-voIt 
service,  a  fall  of  pressure  of  600  to  900 
volts  took  place  during  the  starting  and 
acceleration  periods.  Such  a  fall  in  pres- 
sure would  have  a  serious  effect  upon  any 
other  apparatus  taking  current  from  the 
power  service,  in  fact,  practically  requir- 
ing a  separate  generator  for  the  hoist. 
In  the  North  of  England,  where  shallow 
pits  connect  two  seams  that  are  worked 
from  the  same  main  shaft,  the  power  re- 
quired would  be  small  and  the  interfer- 
ence with  the  supply  service  not  great. 
For  general  work,  however,  in  any  one 
of  the  mines  that  are  now  in  operation, 
some  one  of  the  forms  of  flywheel  com- 
pensator is  necessary. 

One  great  objection  that  has  been 
raised  to  the  electric  winding  system  is 
the  cost  of  the  plant.  But  this  is  (he 
usual  objection  to  every  new  appliance, 
and  will  gradually  disappear  as  more  ex- 
perience is  gained  with  the  system  and 
the  cost  of  manufacture  and  installation 
is  reduced. 


The  Western  Lithographic  Stone  Com- 
pany has  purchased  from  John  Vorhees 
a  claim  in  Spanish  Fork  cai'ion,  Utah, 
containing  lithographic   limestone. 


November  19.  1 910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1017 


Mines  of  Zomelahuacan,    Veracruz,     Mexico 

Scene  of  Early  Spanish  Operations  for  Gold  and  Copper.      Large  Area 
of   Low-grade   Sulphide  Ore.      Geology    and    History    of    the    District 


BY 


MARTIN        FISHBACK 


The  mines  of  Zomelahuacan  are  sit- 
uated in  the  deep  barrancas  around  the 
village  of  Las  Alinas,  State  of  Veracruz, 
230  miles  east  of  The  City  of  Mexico,  and 
110  miles  west  of  the  port  of  Veracruz. 
The  district  is  reached  over  the  Inter- 
cceanic  railway  from  Mexico  City  to  the 
station  of  Las  Vigas;  from  Las  Vigas  to 
Las  Minas  is  four  hours'  ride  on  horse- 
back, by  trail.  There  is  no  wagon-roaJ 
connection  between  Las  Vigas  and  Las 
Minas,  owing  to  the  extremely  precipitous 
nature  of  the  country  between  these  two 
points.  The  elevation  at  Las  Vigas  by 
aneroid  readings  is  7900  ft.,  and  at  Las 
Minas  4300  ft.,  a  difference  of  3600  ft. 
in  a  horizontal  distance  of  less  than  five 
miles.  The  shortest  trail  from  Las  Vigas 
station  to  Las  Minas  is  seven  miles,  and 


The  two  principal  barrancas  in  this 
district  arc  Las  Minas  and  Tatatila,  sep- 
arated by  a  sharp  crest.  The  two  have 
practically  the  same  geologic  constitution. 
These  barrancas  have  attracted  attention 
for  ages,  because  at  their  bases  are  found 
deposits  of  minerals,  the  real  importance 
of  which  is  not  as  yet  known,  owing  to 
the  fact  that  mining  explorations  have 
been  rather  limited.  However,  the  mines 
are  today  producing  gold  and  copper. 

Country  of  Striking  Topography 

Topographically  these  barrancas  may 
be  divided  into  two  parts:  (1)  The  great 
amphitheaters  formed  by  the  perpendic- 
ular cliffs,  some  of  which  have  an  altitude 
of  more  than  1000  ft.;  (2)  the  underlying 
part  that  serves  as  the  foundation  for  the 


the  development  of  which  is  explained  by 
the  constant  humid  climate.  Running 
streams  are  in  places  precipitated  as 
cascades  which  appear  at  a  distance 
like  narrow  ribbons.  The  high 
mountains  that  are  seen  to  the  north  of 
the  barrancas,  and  at  the  foot  of  which 
pass  rivers  through  narrow  and  deep 
canons,  strengthen,  by  their  high  cliffs 
and  steep  slopes,  the  relief  of  the  entire 
landscape. 

Granular    Rocks    the    Result    of    a 
Single  Intrusion 

The  granular  rocks  that  support  the 
base  of  the  barrancas  and  upon  which 
rest  in  many  places  the  upper  lavas,  is 
undoubtedly  the  product  of  a  single  in- 
trusion, notwithstanding  that  it-  shows  a 


^^P^^Rv  '^^^^^E^^S^^^^^^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I 

1 

m^./K       ^^^^^^^^^^^^B 

■ 

1 

i 

] 

^  _j-   '          lIHc-t  -  .•'-',       '      .        '  _^^^| 

^^^^^^^55r^E - 

Old  Copper  Refinery  and  Aqueduct  for  Water  Power  at  Las  Minas,  Veracruz 


although  ore  is  being  packed  up  over  this 
trail  from  the  mines  to  the  station  on 
burros,  it  is  too  steep  to  ride  a  horse 
either  up  or  down  it;  another  trail  leading 
around  the  head  of  this  great  cafion  and 
down  the  opposite  side  is  good  and  has 
comparatively  easy  grades,  but  it  is  four 
or  five  miles  farther.  All  machinery  and 
heavy  supplies  are  brought  down  to  the 
mines  over  the  latter  trail.  The  geologic 
structure  and  formation  of  these  barran- 
cas has  been  described'  at  some  length 
by  Ezcquiel  Ordonez,  and  the  following 
description  is  from  a  study  of  the  deduc- 
ticns  made  by  Mr.  Ordonez,  combined 
with  a  personal  examination  of  this  sec- 
tion. 

•MInlne  pnprlnppr.  EI   I'nso,  Toxns. 

'BolPtIn  de  In  Soclpdad  Oeologlcn  Jlpjricana, 
\  ol.    I. 


gigantic  cliff  walls.  These  walls  consist 
of  great  lava  flows,  separated  by  planes 
of  volcanic  agglomerates  and  '  reccia;  the 
base  or  bottom  of  the  barrancas  is  formed 
of  (1)  Cretaceous  limestone;  (2)  massive 
intrusive  rocks,  covered  in  many  places 
b/  the  eroded  material  and  accumulations 
of  a  basaltic  detritus;  and  lastly,  of  the 
remnants  of  great  flows  of  rhyollte. 

One  cannot  give  a  good  description  of 
these  barrancas  without  giving  an  idea  of 
their  beauty;  they  are  truly  grand,  not 
only  because  of  the  great  hight  of  these 
"amphitheaters."  but  also  by  the  hori- 
zontal form  of  the  upper  edge  or  border 
of  the  walls.  The  surface  of  the  cliffs 
appears  fluted  at  a  distance,  caused  by  the 
columnar  structure  of  the  rocks.  At  the 
foot  of  these  great  cliffs  grows  an  end- 
less variety  of  semi-tropical   vegetation. 


diversified  mineralogical  composition  in 
different  places,  caused  by  differentiation 
of  the  same  magma.  The  predominant 
type  of  rock  in  this  region  is  a  quartz- 
monzonite,  a  variable  mixture  of  potash 
and  soda-lime  feldspar;  the  quartz  fills 
the  interstices  between  the  feldspar  crys- 
tals; other  minerals  contained  are  horn- 
blende, pyroxene  and  biotite. 

In  front  of  a  great  cliff,  in  the  bottom 
of  the  barranca,  at  the  mouth  of  Rio  de 
Las  Minas.  is  the  village  of  Las  Minas, 
surrounded  by  mines  opened  in  the  abrupt 
cliffs.  A  little  above,  following  the  mar- 
gin of  the  river,  and  after  having  passed 
an  extended  section  of  granitoid  rocks, 
the  quartz-monzonite  appears.  The  ap- 
pearance of  some  of  these  rocks  suggests 
the  great  mechanical  forces  to  which  they 
have   been   subjected;    again,   in   contact 


1018 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


with  the  granitic  rock,  are  found  mon- 
zonites  with  a  grano-porphyritic  structure, 
serving  as  a  matrix  for  large  crystals  of 
feldspar  and  pyroxene;  in  other  places 
these  porphyritic  monzonites  appear  as 
true  breccia  from  friction. 

The  limestone,  which  is  undoubtedly 
Cretaceous,  is  everywhere  transformed 
into  marble,  changing  from  fine  to  coarse 
grained  and  therefore  not  very  cohesive; 
usually  the  limestone  is  tainted  with  a 
bluish  color  where  it  comes  in  contact 
with  deposits  of  copper  minerals.  One 
zone  of  limestone,  lying  against  the  mon- 
zcnite,  crosses  the  barranca  a  little  below 
Tenepanoya,  and  extends  in  under  the 
lavas  of  the  amphitheaters  and  covers 
a  part  of  the  bottom  of  the  barranca  at 
Tatatila.  Toward  the  bottom  of  the  bar- 
ranca at  Las  Minas  the  limestone  covers 
a  large  area,  but  is  cut  in  various  places 
by  canons;  as  the  contact  of  the  lime- 
stone with  the  intrusive  rocks  is  made,  in 
this  instance  under  a  slight  angle,  the 
limestone  occupies  the  upper  parts  of  the 
"counter-forts"  of  the  barranca.  The 
village  of  Las  Minas,  situated  at  the  bot- 
tom of  this  great  canon,  is  dominated  by 
imposing  cliffs,  from  300  to  500  ft.  high. 

Auriferous      Chalcopyrite      Ore      at 
Depth 

The  most  important  mineral  develop- 
ments are  found  near  the  bottom  of  the 
barranca  around  Las  Minas,  in  the 
"walls"  that  flank  the  arroyos.  !n  the 
granitoid,  as  well  as  in  the  monzonitic 
rock,  and  in  the  limestone,  are  found 
large  mineralized  masses  of  irregular 
shape,  and  also  mineralized  veins  with 
strike  and  dip  well  defined.  They  consist, 
when  they  show  on  surface,  of  iron  ox- 
ides, hematite  and  magnetite,  mixed  with 
variable  quantities  of  iron  pyrites  and 
chalcopyrites.  Frequently,  however,  are 
found  large  bodies  of  iron  oxides  entirely 
deprived  of  sulphides.  A  sheet  of  hem- 
atite 4  m.  in  thickness  and  carrying  a 
little  copper  carbonate  can  be  seen  in  La 
Cruz  mine,  near  Las  Minas.  Other  miner- 
ali:;ed  sections,  made  accessible  by  devel- 
opment, show  in  place  of  iron  oxides, 
large  bodies  of  massive  iron  pyrites  in 
which  are  found  segregations  of  massive 
auriferous  chalcopyrite  of  various  form 
and  importance. 

In  the  Elsa  mine,  at  the  junction  of 
Arroyo  de  la  Trinidad  with  Rio  de  Las 
Minas,  west  of  the  village  of  Las  Minas. 
may  be  seen  inclosed  in  massive  iron 
pyrites,  wedges  and  pockets  of  gold-bear- 
ing chalcopyrite,  both  isolated  and  joined 
together;  these  segregations  of  copper 
mineral  in  the  iron  pyrites  show  clearly 
defined;  beside  there  is  throughout  the 
iron  pyrites  disseminated  small  grains  nf 
copper  minerals.  In  this  mine  the  ore- 
bodies  are  overlaid  with  limestone  which 
ai  the  contact  is  cemented  into  a  granitoid 
and  red  porphyritic  rocks  (altered  mon- 
zonite)  and  the  whole  covered  by  a  rhy- 


olitic  "clay"  that  extends  toward  the  east 
in  large  cliffs. 

The  gradual  passing  of  iron  oxides  into 
bodies  of  massive  iron  sulphides,  as  seen 
in  the  Elsa  mine,  is  sufficient  proof  that 
the  transformation  to  oxides  is  due  to 
atmospheric  action  entirely.  In  many 
other  mines  in  this  district  the  ores  near 
surface  consist  of  gold-bearing  iron  ox- 
ides and  generally  carying  a  little  copper, 
and  with  depth  change  to  iron  sulphides. 
The  gangue  in  the  ore  deposits  an.l 
veins  is  invariably  garnetiferous. 

Important  Mines  of  the   District 

The  following  named  properties  are  the 
most  important  in  the  district:  La  Repub- 
lica,  Santa  Cruz,  San  Anselmo,  El  Alto, 
Las  Minillas,  El  Porvenir,  Elsa  and  Tur- 
quesa.  Some  of  these  mines  are  being 
worked  on  a  small  scale  and  ore  of  a 
shipping  grade  is  being  sorted  out  and 
sent  to  smelteries.     The  ore  thus  shipped 


Barranca  de  Las  Minas 

is  a  solid  sulphide  carrying  from  15 
to  ,^0  per  cent,  copper  and  20  to  40 
grams  in  gold  per  metric  ton.  The  ore  is 
packed  on  burros  to  Las  Vigas,  thence  by 
rail  to  Aguascalientes  or  San  Luis  Potosi. 
Some  ore  has  also  been  shipped,  via 
Veracruz,  to  New  York  and  Europe. 
Nearly  all  the  principal  mines  in  the 
district  have,  during  the  past  four  or  five 
years,  gradually  been  absorbed  by  a  Ger- 
n^an  and  French  company  and  are -worked 
under  the  same  management.  The  sys- 
tem under  which  the  ore  has  been  mined 
is  this:  The  native  miners  are  allowed  to 
select  any  place  in  the  workings  in  any 
mine  and  take  out  the  higher-grade 
wedges  and  bunches  in  their  own  way; 
they  are  paid  a  fixed  rate  per  ton  of  ore 
of  a  shipping  grade  placed  on  the  dump 
ready  for  shipment;  this  cost  per  ton  is 
on  a  sliding  scale  and  runs  from  10  pesos 
per  ton  for  12  per  cent,  up  to  25  pesos 
per  ton  for  25  per  cent,  copper  ore;  noth- 


ing below  10  per  cent,  copper  will  stand 
shipment;  the  amount  of  gold  in  this  ore 
will  average  1.5  grams  to  each  unit 
of  copper,  per  metric  ton;  the  average 
gross  value  per  ton  of  ore  shipped  is  150 
pesos;  the  average  cost  of  producing  this 
ore  is  20  pesos  per  ton;  freight  to  Las 
Vigas  by  burros,  8  pesos;  railroad  freight, 
Las  Vigas  to  Aguascalientes  or  San  Luis 
Potosi,  12  pesos;  this  leaves  an  average 
net  profit  of  100  pesos  per  ton.  The 
tonnage  thus  shipped  is  necessarily  low; 
the  total  gross  production  during  the  last 
five  years  is  about  500,000  pesos. 

As  a  matter  of  course,  a  comparatively 
small  percentage  of  the  ore  as  broken  in 
the  mines  is  brought  up  to  the  shipping 
grades,  and  thus  the  dumps  contain 
thousands  of  tons  of  low-grade  material 
tliat  will  assay  from  1.5  per  cent,  to  3 
per  cent,  copper  and  2  to  6  grams  gold. 
As  the  ore  bodies  occur  in  large  irregular 
shaped  deposits,  in  some  of  the  mines 
named  can  be  seen  worked-out  chambers 
40 'ft.  high,  25  to  50  ft.  wide  and  100  and 
more  feet  long;  the  walls  of  these  cham- 
bers still  being  in  mineralized  material. 

Early   Operations 

The  surface  ores  from  some  of  these 
mines  were  worked  generations  ago  for 
gold,  to  which  ruins  of  old  arrastras  bear 
witness;  later  on,  ,ts  the  copper  sulphides 
appeared,  an  attempt  was  made  to  smelt 
and  refine  this  metal  also;  there  are  still 
in  a  fair  state  of  preservation  old  fur- 
naces constructed  of  solid  masonry,  and 
also  the  remains  of  an  old  rolling  mill, 
where  copper  plates  were  manufactured. 
Some  of  the  castings  of  this  rolling  mill 
weigh  five  tons  and  to  bring  them  in  over 
rrountain  trails  from  the  coast  must  have 
been  quite  a  feat.  This  is  said  to  be  the 
first  copper-plate  rolling  mill  erected  in 
Mexico.  About  1870  a  Mr.  Quinby  be- 
came interested  in  some  of  these  mines 
and  built  a  five-stamp  mill  to  treat  the 
gold-bearing  surface  ores,  presumably 
from  San  Anselmo  mine,  as  the  piers  of 
an  old  bridge  connecting  this  mine  with 
the  remains  of  the  mill  are  still  in  evi- 
dtnce.  In  1884-86  a  company  called  the 
Prida,  associated  with  which  were 
Messrs.  Ignacio  Baes  and  Anatolio  Gal- 
van,  acquired  the  Quinby  holdings.  This 
company  put  up  a  10-stamp  mill  just 
above  the  village  of  Las  Minas,  and  kept 
if  in  operation  fo'  a  few  years  with  more 
or  less  success.  About  10  years  ago  the 
present  owners  came  into  possession  of 
the  properties  and  have  since  then  grad- 
ually acquired  all  the  principal  mines  in 
this  vicinity.  Both  of  these  stamp  mills 
were  operated  by  water  power.  Most  of 
the  ore  treated  in  the  10-stamp  mill  was 
taken  from  the  oxidized  ore  in  the  Elsa 
m.ine,  and  records  show  that  approxi- 
mately 10,000  tons  of  an  average  grade 
of  S5.50  in  gold  per  ton  was  treated;  this 
ore  was  not  free-milling,  however,  and 
only  about  50  per  cent,  of  the  gold  was 
saved  by  amalgamation.   Operation  of  th» 


November  19,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1019 


mill  was  finally  discontinued,  and  during 
the  latter  years  the  mines  have  been 
made  to  yield  a  prof't  by  sorting  out  a 
shipping  grade  of  the  sulphide  ores,  as 
previously  stated. 

Large  Amount  of  Lo^x-GRADE  Ore 

The  great  quantities  of  low-grade  cu- 
priferous and  auriierous  sulphides  in  this 
district  present  large  possibilities.  Nat- 
ural conditions  are  extremely  favorable. 
The  climate  is  healthful, labor  is  cheap  and 
the  opportunity  for  the  development  of 
hydroelectric  power  cannot  be  surpassed. 

Northeast  of  Las  Minas,  about  30  km. 
in  an  air  line,  and  just  over  the  border  in 
the  State  of  Puebla.  is  situated  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Teziutlan  Copper  Company, 
V.  hich  is  the  most  important  copper  prop- 
erty in  this  part  of  Mexico.  The  entire 
country  lying  between  Las  Minas  and 
Teziutlan  is  a  mineral  country  of  great 
pi.jmise;  the  metals  predominating  are 
gold,  copper  and  iron. 


amounts,  as  compared  with  the  same  pe- 
riod of  1909.  to  41.1  per  cent,  increase. 
Thia  was  chiefly  due  to  the  three  following 
works:  Caucasus  Metal  Industry  Com- 
pany, whose  production  increased  from 
2,945,520  lb.  in  1909  to  3,541,968  in 
1910;  the  Melik-Asarjanz  works,  whose 
production  increased  from  715,320  to  1,- 
296.036  lb.,  and  the  Caucasus  Copper  In- 
dustry Company,  which  increased  from 
446,616  to   1,606,176  pounds. 

The  amount  of  copper  produced  by  the 
Siberian  works  during  the  first  six 
months  of  this  year  shows,  when  com- 
pared with  the  same  period  of  time  in 
1909,  an  increase  of  900.000  lb.;  that  is. 
36.3  per  cent.  The  main  part  of  this 
increase  is  due  to  the  Spassky  company, 
which  produced  2,573,172  lb.  during  the 
first  half  of  1910,  as  against  1,760,436 
and  1,483,956  lb.  during  the  first  halves 
of   1909  and   1908  respectively. 


Copper  Production   in   Russia 


Special  Correspondence 


Tinplate  Production  in   the  United 
States 


The  production  of  copper  in  Russia  for 
the  first  half  of  1910  amounted  to  25,- 
373,340  lb.  This  means  a  considerable 
increase  as  compared  with  the  produc- 
tion over  the  same  period  of  time  in 
1909,  during  which  18,501,192  lb.  were 
produced.       The      accompanying      table 


The  production  of  black  plates,  or 
sheets,  for  tinning  and  the  production  of 
tinplates  and  terne  plates  in  the  United 
States  in  the  calendar  year  1909  have 
been  compiled  by  the  American  Iron  and 
Steel  Association.  In  a  few  instances  it 
has  been  necessary  to  substitute  careful 
estimates  of  production  for  exact  figures, 
such  estimates  covering  less  than  1  per 
cent,  of  the  actual  production. 


UrS.SIA.N   COPPER   PliODlCTlo.V- 


•lU.'^T  SIX    MONTH.- 


1910 
lb. 

1909 
lb. 

19()S 
111. 

Irai 

11,929.428 

8,9.36,784 

37.080 

3,313,224 

1.1,56„S24 

8,700,804 

6,332,220 

.58,7,52 

2,432,088 

977.328 

9  619  668 

Vltui 

.Siberia 

Chemical  faiiorii's  ami  n.(iiiiTii'- 

56,160 

2,.578,1()4 

7.52,400 

Toi.il 

2.5,373,340 

18,.501,192 

18,299.808 

shows  the  amounts  of  copper  produced  in 
the  different  districts  of  Russia  during 
the  first  half  year  of  the  last  three  years. 

In  comparison  with  the  preceding 
years  all  the  districts  with  the  exception 
of  the  Altai  district  show  an  increased 
production.  The  increase  of  copper  dur- 
ing the  first  half  year  in  the  Ural 
amounts,  if  compared  with  the  same  pe- 
riod in  190i),  to  37  per  cent,  and  is  prin- 
cipally due  to  the  fact  that  the  works  of 
Demidoff's  Successors  started  copper 
smelting  again  at  the  same  rate  as  they 
did  up  to  the  beginning  of  1909  (360.000 
lb.  per  month)  and  to  the  development  of 
the  copper-smelting  business  in  the  Kish- 
tim  district,  the  increase  there  being 
from  58.^,164  pounds  to  1,9,52,892  lb. 
Demidoff's  Successors  smelted  2,505,348 
lb  in  the  first  half  of  1910,  as  against 
919,692  lb.  in  the  first  half  of  1909. 

The  increase  in  the  production  of  cop- 
per in  the  Caucasus  during  the  first  half 
of  this  year  is  still  more  important,  and 


Bla(  K  I'l  ates  or  Sheets 
The  production  of  black  plates,  or 
sheets,  for  tinning  in  1909  amounted  to 
606,844  gross  tons,  against  513,771  tons 
in  1908,  an  increase  of  93,073  tons,  or 
over  18.1  per  cent.  The  production  in 
1909  was  much  the  largest  in  our  history. 
The  year  of  next  largest  production  was 
1906.  Of  the  total  production  in  1909 
Pennsylvania  made  309,344  tons,  or  al- 
most 51  per  cent.,  against  54.1  per  cent, 
in  1908  and  50.3  in  1907.  West  Vir- 
ginia, Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Mary- 
land also  made  black  plates,  or  sheets, 
for  tinning  in  1909  in  the  order  named. 
The  same  States  made  black  plates  in 
1907  and  1908.  Of  the  total  production 
in  1909  about  4261  tons  were  rolled 
from  iron  and  about  602.583  tons  were 
rolled  from  steel,  while  in  1908  about 
2954  tons  were  rolled  from  iron  and 
about  510,817  tons  from  steel.  In  1907 
about   3161    tons    were   rolled    from    iron 


IS'll     .  .  . 

.■.J,:i.','.l 

19112 

1S9.5 

129.fil.-> 

1 903 

1896. . . . 

1S.-,,3K7 

1904 

1  8!)7  .  ,  .  . 

27  1 ,8K(i 

190.5 

1 89S . . . . 

31.-.. 2.-.  1 

1908 

1S99 

37-5. (too 

1907 

1900. . . . 

31.5,()00 

1908 

HIOl  ..  .  . 

398.026 

1909 

pnd  about  500,911  tons  from  steel.  In 
1909  there  were  31  active  black  plate 
works,  as  compared  with  28  in  1908  and 
31  in  1907.  The  number  of  idle  black- 
plate  works  in  1909  was  9,  as  compared 
with  13  in  1908  and  10  in  1907. 

The  following  table  gives  the  produc- 
tion of  black  plates,  or  sheets,  for  tin- 
ning in  the  United  States  from  1894  to 
1909.  Prior  to  1894  the  statistics  of  the 
production  of  black  plates,  or  sheets,  for 
tinning  were  not  separately  classified. 
The  figures  are  in  long  tons: 


,36.5.743 
490,6.52 
472„569 
.507„587 
.576,079 
504,072 
.513,771 
606,844 


Tin   and  Terne   Plates 

The  following  table  gives  the  produc- 
tion of  tinplates  and  terne  plates  in  the 
United  States  for  four  years  past,  in 
pounds: 

Tinplalf.-i.      Term-  Plali-.s.         Total. 

1906   ..  1,100,373,000     193,367 ,0(K)  1,293.710,000 

1907...     996,6.">0.000     1.56. 1 17.000  1 ,1.5:i.()97,(IOO 

1908.  ,  .  1,048.896.000     1.54.179,000  1 .203.(17."i.O(IO 

1909    ,  .  1,1S2.0K1,000     l!«l.9:!0.000  1,37:(.CI1  1  .000 

In  1908,  when  every  other  branch  of 
the  steel  trade  was  depressed,  tinplate 
production  showed  an  increase  over  1907, 
though  the  total  was  a  little  below  that 
of  1906.  Of  the  total  production  of 
tinplates  in  1909  Pennsylvania  made  56.7 
per  cent.,  as  compared  with  59  per  cent, 
in  1908,  but  of  the  total  production  of 
terne  plates  in  1909  it  made  only  25.5 
per  cent.,  against  24  per  cent,  in  1908. 
Combining  tinplates  and  terne  plates, 
Pennsylvania  made  52.4  per  cent,  of  the 
total  in  1909,  against  54.6  in  1908.  All 
the  tinplates  produced  in  1909  were  made 
of  steel,  but  of  the  terne  plates 
8.054.900  lb.  were  made  of  iron 
and  about  182.875,100  were  made  of 
steel.  About  26,628,000  lb.  of  the  tin- 
plates  made  in  1909  were  consumed  bv 
the  makers  in  the  manufacture  of 
stamped  ware.  In  addition  to  tin  and 
terne  plates  small  quantities  of  pure 
lead-coated  and  aluminum-coated  steel 
sheets  for  special  roofing  purposes  were 
produced  in  both  1908  and  1909.  Last 
year  there  were  45  tinning  plants  in  ex- 
istence, of  which  11  were  idle  and  34 
in   operation. 


The  Broken  Hill  Proprietary  Company 
now  has  five  furnaces  completed  at  its 
zinc  smeltery,  four  nearly  completed, 
and  the  remaining  one  a  little  further 
behind.  By  the  end  of  1910.  it  is 
expected  that  all  ten  furnaces  will  be 
in  working  order.  The  initial  difficulties 
are  being  gradually  overcome,  according 
to  a  recent  official  report,  and  the  men 
are  getting  experience  and  seem  to  be 
able  to  cope  successfully  and  intelli- 
gently  with   the   requirements. 


1020 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


American  Longwall   Mining  Methods 

Comparison  with  the  Longwall  System  Used  in  England,  and  an  Exam- 
ple of  a  Room-and-Pillar  Operation  Converted  into  a  Longwall  Mine 


B  Y 


HENRY 


M 


PAYNE* 


The  majority  of  English  coal  mines 
are  operated  on  the  longwall  system.  The 
question  has  often  been  asked,  "Why 
do  not  American  operators,  as  a  whole, 
do  the  same?"  To  answer  offhand,  "Be- 
cause conditions  are  different,"  does  not 
wholly  satisfy  the  inquirer,  or  meet  the 
truth.  It  is  not  necessary  for  me  to 
enter  here  upon  a  lengthy  discussion  of 
the  relative  merits  of  the  two  methods 
of  mining,  other  than  to  summarize 
briefly  the  salient  features  of  these  sys- 
tems. 

It  is  admitted  by  all  successful  mining 
engineers  and  operators  that  under  nor- 
mal conditions  a  higher  percentage  of 
coal  can  be  safely  recovered  under  either 
method  by  first  advancing  the  entries 
or  the  roadways  to  the  boundaries.  When 
the  room-and-pillar  method  of  develop- 
ment is  pursued,  this  decision  will  be 
based  principally  upon  the  available 
capital,  since  to  drive  entries  and  air 
courses,  without  securing  the  tonnage 
available  from  rooms,  is  at  first  an  ex- 
pensive proposition,  although  the  even- 
tual advantages  are  manifold.  This  plan 
is  being  followed  notably  at  the  Marianna 
mine  of  the  Pittsburg-Buffalo  Coal  Com- 
pany, at  Marianna,  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  case  of  a  longwall  mine,  the 
decision  to  drive  the  longwall  "advanc- 
ing" or  "retreating,"  must  be  made  at 
the  time  the  plant  is  laid  out,  and  then 
systematically  followed,  for  to  secure  and 
control  the  roof  pressure  uniformly  at 
all  times  is  the  chief  purpose  of  the 
longwall  operator,  and  therein  lies  the 
ciu.\   of  the   situation. 

Many    Companies    Could    Advantage- 
ously   Adopt    Longwall 

We  may  admit  that  it  is  hard  to  find 
in  America  men  of  experience  in  long- 
walling,  and  it  has  been  claimed  that 
this  system  requires  a  higher  grade  of 
labor  than  is  ordinarily  obtainable,  but 
after  visiting  the  principal  longwall  mines 
in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  I  am 
firmly  convinced  that  there  are  a  large 
number  of  room-and-pillar  mines  in 
seams  5  ft.  thick,  and  under,  which 
could  be  successfully  converted  into 
longwall  mines,  and  which  would  then 
enable  their  owners  to  produce  the  same 
or  greater  tonnage  at  a  less  cost  per  ton, 
due  not  only  to  the  reduction  in  operat- 
ing expenses,  but  to  a  saving  in  cost  of 
dead  work. 

Admitted    that  district  control  of  ven- 

•rnnsiiltlng  mining  engineer,  Morgantown. 
W.  Va. 


tilation  in  a  longwall  mine  is  more 
difficult,  it  is  also  true  that  all  the  air 
is  carried  around  the  face,  right  where 
the  men  are  working  and  where  it  is 
most  needed,  and  right  where  the  fresh 
gas  is  being  occluded  most.  If  objec- 
tion is  made  that  this  process  carries 
accumulated  foul  air  past  the  workmen 
instead  of  into  a  return-air  course,  it  is 
perfectly  feasible  to  so  split  the  circum- 
ference of  the  longwall  face  into  sec- 
tions as  to  make  three  or  four  of  the 
roadways,  if  necessary,  return-air  courses 


to  ventilate  a  longwall  face,  say  in  two 
splits,  representing  180  deg.  of  the  cir- 
cumference each,  will  be  materially  lower 
than  the  velocity  along  the  main  intake 
and  the  main  return,  in  the  room-and- 
pillar  mine;  also,  it  is  no  longer  dis- 
puted that  high  velocities  in  ventilation 
tend  to  dry  out  our  rnines  and  to  act 
as  a  forced  draft  in  times  of  explosion, 
stirring  up  dust  and  keeping  it  suspended 
in  the  air,  as  well  as  making  it  difficult 
to  test  for  gas  before  the  same  may 
be  present  in  dangerous  quantities. 


Tht  EnffiitMriiyj  i  Hinin^  Jtmmal 


Fig.  !.    Plan  of  Bentley  Colliery,  Showing  English  System  of  Working 

longvcall 


from  those  sections,  and  less  power 
on  the  air  will  be  required  than 
in  a  room-and-pillar  mine  giving  the 
same  output,  because  the  actual  area  of 
rubbing  surface  against  which  the  air 
must  pass,  is  reduced. 

High-velocity  Currents  Dangerous 
Also,  as  is  well  known  to  all  students 
of  mine  ventilation,  the  less  water-gage 
pressure  required  to  properly  ventilate  a 
mine,  the  less  difficulty  encountered  from 
leakages,  faulty  doors,  etc.  Or,  even  if 
it  be  granted  that  two  mines,  one  of 
each  type,  require  the  same  quantity  of 
air   per    minute,    the    velocity    necessary 


Danger  of  Deep  Shot  Holes 

There  are  many  cases  where  on  ac- 
count of  bad  roof,  rooms  and  entries  are 
driven  narrow,  thus  not  only  reducing 
the  output  and  increasing  the  yardage 
cost,  but  compelling  the  use  of  stronger 
explosives,  or  of  explosives  in  greater 
quantity.  The  very  fact  that  the  work 
is  narrow  tends  to  give  a  feeling  of 
greater  security  and  lends  an  inducement 
to  deep  shot  holes  with  a  view  to  high 
tonnage  per  shot.  Thus  we  have  favor- 
able conditions  for  a  higher  percentage 
of  blown-out  shots  and  also  an  increase 
of  slack   in    the   product. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1021 


Timber  Cost  Is  Less  in  Longvcall 

Were  such  mines  operated  on  the  long- 
wall  system  the  miner  would  at  all  times 
be  safer  at  the  face  than  in  the  rooms 
as  formerly,  because  the  clear  space 
from  face  to  "pack"  would  at  no  time 
exceed  8  to  10  ft.,  and  not  necessarily 
more  than  0  ft.  If  scaling  top  or  "puck- 
ing"  bottom  does  not  furnish  sufficient  go? 


of   gobbing   continuously    at   the    face    is 
a  material  advantage. 

In  some  longwall  fields  in  the  United 
States,  notably  in  the  Lexington  field  in 
western  Missouri,  the  coal  falls  of  its 
own  accord  after  being  undercut.  This 
condition  would  doubtless  obtain  in  many 
districts  now  worked  by  room-and-pillar. 
where  it  may  be  necessary  to  sprag  the 


that  the  development  work  may  all  be 
dene  in  the  beginning,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  Marianna  mine  referred  to  above, 
it  is  well  to  work  the  longwall  face 
"retreating";  that  is,  to  drive  the  radial 
entries  or  roadways  first,  to  the  boundary 
of  the  property,  and  then  to  connect 
them  by  a  peripheral  heading.  By  this 
method   the    roof   pressure,    once    estab- 


77m  Eni/itutrin{j  j-  Miiunn  Journal 

Fifi.  2.   Plan  of  Mine  No.  3  at  Novinger,  Showing  Face  of  Coal  Changed  to  the  Longwall  System 


to  make  the  "pack,"  timber  cribs  built 
like  log  houses,  out  of  small  timber  in 
3- ft.  lengths,  placed  at.  the  corners  of 
the  roadways,  will  furnish  ample  pro- 
tection to  the  miners  and  may  be  con- 
structed very  much  cheaper  per  ton  of 
coal  mined  than  regular  timbering  in 
room-and-pillar  work  on  the  same  basis. 
If  the  seam  has  a  parting,  the  opportunity 


lished,  is  controlled  with  equal  facility, 
snd  the  amount  of  packing  required  is 
reduced  to  a  minimum. 

Fig.  1  shows  the  new  Bentley  colliery 
near  Doncaster,  England.  The  sinking 
of  the  Bentley  shafts  (both  circular) 
v.'as  of  special  note  in  English  mining 
journals  at  the  time,  and  the  whole  plant 
If   the    financial    conditions    are    such     at  Bentley  colliery  is  designed  to  be  a 


coal  as  fast  as  undercut,  to  keep  it 
from  falling  on  the  machine.  Such  a 
condition  would  be  admirable  for  long- 
walling,  as  it  would  do  away  entirely 
with  the  use  of  explosives. 

Best    to    Work    Retreatinc 


1022 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19.   1910. 


model  longwall  mine  embracing  the  latest 
developments  of  that  system. 

After  an  extensive  system  of  borings 
had  been  made,  the  shafts  were  sunk 
at  the  known  center  of  the  basin.  The 
roadways  were  then  radiated  through  the 
shaft  pillar,  in  pairs,  and  after  reaching 
a  point  approximately  400  ft.  distant,  on 
all  sides,  the  connecting  entries  and  par- 
allel air  courses  were  driven,  as  at 
A,  B  and  C  in  the  figure. 

The  Ideal  Longwall  Mine 
Without  waiting  for  the  entire  circum- 
ference to  be  connected  (since  each  set 
of  roadways,  when  connected,  furnished 
a  complete  circuit  or  possible  split  for 
ventilation)  the  longwall  face  was  then 
commenced,  as  at  D.  This  was  extended 
each  way,  until  by  the  time  it  had 
reached  E  and  F  the  original  face  at  D 
had  progressed  to  G.  (The  dotted  lines 
in  the  segment  between  D  and  G  show 
the  position  of  the  roadways.)  This  sys- 
tem permitted  an  early  increase  in  the 
output,  and  at  all  times  left  the  ventila- 
tion under  perfect  control.  This  is  the 
ideal   longwall   mine. 

With  the  idea  of  connecting  up  the 
heads  of  the  cross  entries  in  a  panel 
system  of  room-and-pillar  mining,  Supt. 
M.  T.  Rombauer,  of  the  Rombauer  Coal 
Company,  at  Novinger,  Missouri,  evolved 


Expects   to   Recover  98   Per  Cent,   of 
THE  Coal 

By  this  method  he  expects  to  recover 
98  per  cent,  of  the  coal,  and  the  system 
has  already  been  in  operation  long  enough 
to  indicate  a  lesser  number  of  accidents 
due  to  falling  roof  and  a  material  de- 
crease in  cost  of  timbering. 


be  seen  the  extension  of  the  longwall 
face  connecting  the  heads  of  the  cross 
entries,  similar  to  the  method  used  at 
Bentley  colliery.  When  this  has  been 
driven  around  to  the  souih  side,  both 
mines,  in  the  shape  of  crescents,  will 
be  completely  longwalled,  and  this  pro- 
cess will  be  extended  until  the  limits  of 


Fig.  3.   Coal  Brought  Down  by  One  Thrust  of  Hydraulic  Mining  Cartridge 
AT  Rombauer  Mine  No.  3,  Novinger,   Missouri 


Fig.  4.   Showing  Tipple  at  Mine  No.  3  of  Rombauer 
Coal  Company  at  Novinger 


Fig.  ^.   Ro.mrauer  Coal  Company's  Mine  No.  2,  Producing 
15   Grades   of   Davis   Creek    Coal 


the  condition  shown  in  Fig.  2.  This 
mine,  as  indicated,  is  in  the  transition 
stage,  but  since  no  more  rooms  are  be- 
ing driven  and  the  longwall  face  is 
in  actual  operation  for  nearly  one-half 
of  the  circumference,  it  may  even  now 
be  termed  a  longwall  mine.  The  ex- 
periment at  first  met  with  strong  protests 
on  the  part  of  other  operators  and  mining 
engineers,  who  maintained  that  on  account 
of  irregular  labor  conditions  the  com- 
pany would  be  unable  to  control  the 
roof  pressure  and  would  lose  a  large  area 
of  coal;  This  has  not  proved  to  he  the  case, 
however,  and  Superintendent  Rombauer 
says  that  the  mine  may  be  left  an  indefinite 
period  by  placing  extra  timber  stacks  in 
the  roadways  and  by  seeing  that  the 
work  is  prosecuted  uniformly  around  the 
face  while  the  mine  is  in  operation,  thus 
equalizing  the  pressure. 


To  make  the  mine  absolutely  safe  and 
also  to  do  away  with  the  problem  of 
stack,  the  company  adopted  the  hydraulic 
mining  cartridge  in  the  spring  of  1910. 
since  which  time  no  explosives  have  been 
used  in  this  mine.  With  this  cartridge 
one  hole  is  drilled  at  the  head  of  each 
roadway  and  the  coal  is  brought  down 
at  one  thrust  for  a  distance  of  18  or  20 
f;.  on  each  side,  broken  into  lump,  ready 
to  load,  as  shown   in   Fig.  3. 

Crescent-shaped   Workings 

Reference  to  Fig.  2  shows  the  creek 
which  runs  in  a  southerly  direction 
through  the  center  of  the  property.  Un- 
der this  has  been  left  a  pillar  about 
300  ft.  wide,  unbroken  except  by  the 
manway,  intake  and  return  airway  con- 
necting the  east  and  west  mines  with 
the  shafts.    At  the  northeast  corner  mav 


the  property  are  reached,  after  which 
the  work  of  drawing  the  original  room 
pillars  will  commence  at  the  point  where 
the  original  longwall  face  began,  and 
will  follow  the  retreating  system  until 
the  entire  property  has  been  exhausted. 

Increases  Quantity  of  Lump  Coal 

Such  a  method  of  conversion  from 
rnom-and-pillar  to  longwall  is  applicable 
to  nearly  all  American  mines,  and  Super- 
intendent Rombauer  and  his  associates 
maintain,  and  it  is  my  firm  belief,  that 
such  a  process  would  not  only  enable  the 
operator  to  reduce  the  cost  of  mining  and 
minimize  the  dangers  from  falling  roof, 
but  would  also,  on  account  of  the  ad- 
vantage of  roof  pressure,  materially 
lessen  the  amount  of  explosives  neces- 
sary and  increase  the  quantity  of  hnnp 
coal  produced. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1023 


I  desire  to  express  my  appreciation 
of  the  courtesies  shown  me  at  Bentley 
collieries,  in  England,  by  the  manage- 
ment and  by  H.  M.  Inspector  of  Mines 
W.  H.  Pickering,  of  Doncaster,  to  whom 
I  am  indebted  for  the  plan  of  Bentley 
mine,  and  also  to  Superintendent  Rom- 
bauer  and  Assistant  Superintendent  Shott, 
of  Novinger,  Missouri,  for  many  data  at 
their  mines. 


Mining  Coal  on  Vancouver  Island^i^ 

The  Western  Fuel  Company,  on  Van- 
couver island,  was  the  first  mining  com- 
pany in  British  Columbia  to  install  rescue 
apparatus,  which  life-saving  machines 
form  an  interesting  feature  of  the  mine 
equipment.  Four  sets  of  rescue  appa- 
ratus have  been  purchased,  and  the  sta- 
tion for  housing  this  equipment  and  for 
training  a  corps  of  men  in  its  use  is 
now  in  course  of  erection.  The  station 
will  include  a  smoke  room  18x25 
ft.,  in  which  will  be  generated  gas  or 
smoke  which  would  immediately  suffocate 
a  man  entering  the  room  without  being 
equipped  with  the  oxygen  apparatus; 
this  will  enable  the  corps  to  be  trained 
under  conditions  as  to  atmosphere  re- 
sembling the  damp  of  a  mine.  A  glass 
front  has  been  placed  in  the  smoke  room 
so  that  the  instructor  can  watch  the  train- 
ing of  the  men  inclosed  therein. 

Pendulums   for   Recording   Earth 
Movements 

Another  interesting  feature  of  the 
Western  Fuel  Company's  equipment  is 
the  installation  of  pendulums  for  record- 
ing movements  in  the  earth,  which  are 
believed  to  be  largely  responsible  for 
coal-mine  accidents;  it  is  believed  that 
premonitions  of  these  earth  movements 
will  warn  mine  managers  of  approaching 
danger  from  this  source.  Two  of  these 
pendulums  are  located  at  the  No.  1 
mine,  one  being  on  the  surface  and  an- 
other down  in  the  mine  at  a  depth  of  979 
ft.  below  sea  level.  The  pendulums  are 
set  on  pedestals  of  solid  concrete  and 
swing  over  a  graduated  scale,  of  which 
a  record  is  taken  twice  daily.  It  is  sug- 
gested that  the  value  of  the  instruments 
for  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  de- 
signed is  lost  by  the  fact  that  they  are 
not  self-recording,  and  any  movement 
which  might  occur  between  the  times  of 
observation  would  escape  record. 

Sirocco  Fan  Incased  In  Steel  and 
Concrete 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of 
the  plant  is  the  new  fan  recently  in- 
stalled. It  is  of  the  Sirocco  type  and 
has  a  capacity  of  200,000  cu.ft.  of  air 
displacement  per  minute,  with  a  4-in.  wa- 
ter gage.  This  fan  is  run  by  a  Rnbb- 
Armstrong  Corliss  valve  engine  of  250 
h.p.,  running  65  r.p.m.     The  fan  is  rnpe- 

•Ahstrnrt  of  nn  aitloli-  fn  tlic  lirlliah  Cn- 
I'imhin  Mtnlnq  nml  EiutincrrUiri  Itiinrd.  Sent.. 

into. 


driven  on  the  continuous  system,  the  ratio 
between  the  drive  and  the  driven  wheel 
being  ^H  to  I,  making  275  r  p.m.  This 
fan  is  a  double-inlet  exhaust,  90  in.  in 
diameter  and  72  in.  wide.  It  is  incased 
in  steel  and  concrete  and  is  connected 
with  the  air  shaft  by  two  concrete  tun- 
nels, so  as  to  be  absolutely  safe  from 
damage  by  fire. 

To  provide  for  the  future,  by  putting 
in  another  engine  driving  on  the  opposite 
side,  the  fan  can  be  run  405  r.p.m.,  with 
a  capacity  of  300,000  cu.ft.  per  minute 
against  an  8-in.  water  gage.  The  Gui- 
bal  fan  formerly  used  is  held  in  reserve 
in  case  of  accident  to  the  Sirocco.  This 
Guibal  fan  is  36  ft.  in  diameter  and  12 
ft.  wide,  and  runs  at  42  r.p.m.  It  also 
is  connected  with  the  air  shaft  by  a 
concrete   tunnel. 

The  Power  Plant 

The  compressor  plant  consists  of  two 
Canadian-Rand  machines,  each  of  a  ca- 
pacity of  2400  cu.ft.  free  air  per  minute 
at  80  lb.  pressure.  The  power  plant  at 
No.  1  shaft  is  of  a  capacity  of  1500  boiler 
horsepower,  and  the  power  is  supplied  by 
a  battery  of  eight  boilers,  two  water- 
tube  Babcock-Wilcox,  and  six  return- 
tubular  of  local  make.  Four  electric  haul- 
age motors  are  employed  underground. 
The  ashes  from  the  boiler  house  are  auto- 
matically washed  away  as  they  are  drawn 
from  the  furnaces,  and  flumed  into  the 
yard.  The  boiler  house  and  engine  room 
are  constructed  of  corrugated  iron. 

A  complete  conveying  system  has  been 
installed  for  handling  the  coal  as  it  comes 
from  the  mine,  and  by  a  recent  installa- 
tion on  the  principle  of  the  ore-settling 
tank,  the  Western  Fuel  Company  is  able 
to  save  everything  but  the  wash  water. 
The  fines  from  the  washery  are  run  from 
a  chute  in  the  bottom  of  the  settling  tank 
into  cars,  and  are  taken  to  the  boiler 
house,  where  they  form  the  fuel  for 
steaming  the  mine  boilers.  The  washing 
plant  is  operated  by  a  steam  engine. 

Tvro  Sea.ms  Are  Worked 
On  the  company's  property  are  two 
seams  of  coal,  separated  by  about  60  ft. 
of  sandstone  and  conglomerate;  the  up- 
per seam  is  25  ft.  in  thickness  at  some 
points,  while  the  lower  seam  has  an 
average  thickness  of  about  3  ft.  The 
scams  dip  easterly  about  12  deg.  The 
mines  contain  but  little  gas  and  part  of 
the  workings  are  developed  by  open 
lights.  The  lower  seam  is  worked  on  the 
longwall  system,  to  which  it  is  well 
adapted.  Compressed-air  machines  are 
used  with  great  success,  both  as  regards 
costs  and  quantity  of  production  and  per- 
centage of  lump  coal. 

Although  the  company's  operations  are 
carried  on  almost  entirely  under  the  wa- 
ters of  the  harbor,  and  the  mine  has  been 
operated  for  35  years,  the  workings  are 
comparatively  dry.  The  No.  1  slope  is 
over   6500    ft.    in   length,    and    the    work- 


ings range  to  a  distance  of  55^  miles  be- 
tween their  extreme  points. 

A  Successful  Mine  Farm 
Not  the  least  interesting  part  of  the 
operations  of  the  Western  Fuel  Com- 
pany is  its  farm,  and  it  seems  to  be  as 
successful  in  its  farming  as  in  its 
mining  operations.  On  the  company's 
farm  at  Nanaimo,  last  year,  was  raised  a 
crop  of  oats  running  145  bushels  to  the 
acre.  The  entire  area  in  this  crop  aver- 
aged 60  bushels  this  season,  notwith- 
standing the  exceptional  drought.  .■MI  the 
feed  required  for  the  company's  stock  is 
provided  fjom  this  farm.  Eighty-five 
head  of  horses  and  mules  are  kept  in  the 
mine  for  haulage  purposes,  and  the 
stables  are  kept  in  a  condition  of  model 
cleanliness,  the  manure  being  hoisted  out 
of  the  mine  daily,  and  then  carted  to  the 
farm  to  improve  the  fertility  of  the  soil. 

The  development  of  local  trade  and  in- 
dustrial growth  of  the  province  are  re- 
flected in  the  company's  markets,  the 
local  market  now  absorbing  two-thirds  of 
the  output,  whereas  a  few  years  ago  75 
per  cent,  of  the  coal  mined  on  this  prop- 
erty was  shipped  to  San  Francisco. 


Consolidation  Coal  Company 
Increases  Capital 

It  is  reported  that  the  Consolidation 
Coal  Company  has  under  consideration 
a  plan  for  raising  new  capital.  It  is 
understood  that  both  stock  and  bonds 
will  be  issued  and  that  the  amount  will 
not  be  less  than  SI 0,000,000  and  may 
exceed  $15,000,000.  Clarence  W.  Wat- 
son, president,  and  Jere  H.  Wheelwright, 
vice-president  of  the  company,  were  re- 
cently in  New  York,  arranging  the  new 
financing,  and  when  the  plan  is  ready 
a  special  meeting  of  stockholders  will  be 
called   to  ratify  the  proposition. 

The  Consolidation  Coal  Company  has 
bought  100,000  acres  of  coal  land  in  the 
Elkhorn  field  of  Kentucky,  for  which  it 
will  pay  S4,500,000  in  stock  at  par.  As 
the  stock  is  now  selling  at  SI  12  a  share, 
the  45,000  shares  which  will  be  given  in 
payment  for  the  coal  lands  are  worth 
at  the  present  quotation  S5,040,000.  The 
present  authorized  capital  stock  of  the 
company  is  S20.000,00(),  of  which  .$19,- 
026.000  has  been  issued,  leaving  S974,- 
000  in  the  treasury.  It  is  planned  to 
spend  an  immense  sum  of  money  in  de- 
veloping the  newt  tract  and  for  this  pur- 
pose a  mortgage  probably  will  be  created. 
The  acquisition  of  the  Kentucky  property 
increases  the  holdings  of  Consolidation 
to  300,000  acres. 


A  railroad  400  miles  long.intended  to 
serve  an  iron-ore  district  in  Brazil,  is 
to  be  operated  by  electric  power.  Two 
large  power  houses  are  to  be  built  In 
connection  with  water  power-develop- 
ments. The  building  of  one  of  these  sta- 
tions  has  been  begun. 


1024 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


Illinois  Mine   Rescue  Stations 

On  Feb.  17  of  the  present  year,  the 
legislature  of  Illinois  enacted  a  law  es- 
tablishing three  mine  rescue  stations  and 
making  for  them  an  appropriation  large 
enough  for  their  complete  equipment  with 
sll  necessary  apparatus  for  the  wcrk  of 
rescue  following  a  mine  disaster.  The 
situation  of  these  stations  has  been  de- 
cided; one  will  be  at  Benton  in  the 
Southern  Illinois  coalfield,  one  at  Spring- 
field in  the  central  coalfield  and  the 
third  at  La  Salle  in  the  northern  field. 
Two  men  will  be  appointed  for  each 
station,  one  as  general  manager  and  the 
other  as  superintendent.  Eight  men  have 
recently  passed  preliminary  examinations 
for  these  positions,  and  have  been  in 
training  for  this  work  at  the  Government 
rescue  station  at  the  University  of  Illinois. 
The  training  comprises  practice  in  the 
use  of  rescue  apparatus  in  a  smoke  cham- 
ber, and  instruction  in  the  proper  use 
and  care  of  rescue  apparatus.  These  men 
h?ve  had  unexpected  additional  practice 
in  a  mine  fire  which  occurred  during 
their  stay  at  the  University  of  Illinois. 
During  this  period  of  training  the  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  of  the  School  of 
Mines  and  of  the  Department  of  Geology 
supplemented  the  practice  work  by  lec- 
tures on  "First  Aid  Work,"  "Mine  Gases," 
"Coal  Dust,"  "Safety  Lamps"  and  "The 
Geology  of  Coal." 


Another    Mine    Explosion 
Alabama 


m 


Coal     Operators     in    Canada 
Opos  e   Reciprocity 


Special  Correspondence 


The  coal  operators  of  Nova  Scotia  are 
strongly  opposing  the  movement  for  re- 
ciprocity with  the  United  States.  A  meet- 
ing of  the  leading  operators  with  the 
Nova  Scotia  government  took  place  at 
Halifax  last  week,  at  which  conference, 
president  J.  H.  Plummer,  of  the  Dominion 
Steel  Corporation,  presented  a  resolution 
protesting  against  the  removal  of  the  duty 
on  soft  coal,  as  prejudicial  to  the  pros- 
perity of  the  Province.  He  declared  that 
the  extent  to  which  Cape  Breton  coal 
would  be  displaced  in  the  St.  Lawrence 
markets  by  the  American  product  would 
make  a  marked  change,  for  the  worse  in 
the  Sydney  coalfields.  Thomas  Cantley. 
general  manager  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Steel 
&  Coal  Company,  stated  that  his  company 
would  not  be  able  to  recover  in  New  Eng- 
land what  it  would  lose  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence markets,  under  reciprocity,  as  the 
imports  of  bituminous  coal  were  increas- 
ing in  spite  of  the  duty.  President  R.  E. 
Harris  of  the  same  company  expressed 
grave  apprehensions  as  to  competition 
from  English  coal.  The  attorney  general 
said  that  these  representations  would  be 
placed  before  the  Canadian  Government. 


It  is  reported  that  five  men  were  killed 
in  an  explosion  at  the  Yolande  mines 
near  Birmingham  on  the  morning  of  Nov. 
4.  The  explosion  occurred  in  a  pocket 
in  the  No.  6  right  heading,  and  was  of 
a  local  nature.  All  of  the  men  killed 
were  working  in  the  pocket  at  the  time. 
Seven  or  eight  other  men  were  in  the 
mine,  but  escaped  uninjured. 


New    Coal    Operation    in  Canada 

A  syndicate  known  as  the  Queen  Char- 
lotte Collieries,  capitalized  at  31,000,000 
and  formed  by  Vancouver  and  Seattle 
business  men,  has  staked  out  43,000 
acres  of  coal  land  at  the  north  end  of 
Graham* island,  80  miles  south  of  Prince 
Rupert,  British  Columbia.  About  S130,- 
000  will  be  spent  in  the  construction  of 
collieries,  and  it  is  the  intention  to  pro- 
ceed with  a  great  deal  of  development 
work  during  the  next  season.  J.  A.  Moore, 
of  Seattle,  Washington,  and  Andrew 
Laidlaw.  of  Spokane,  Washington,  are 
among  those  interested. 


COLLIERY- NOTES  m 


It  is  estimated  that  coal-mine  acci- 
dents in  1909  resulted  in  the  death  of 
2412  miners,  and  injuries  to  7979  others. 

The  Canadian  Collieries  Company, 
Ltd.,  will  spend  about  S3,000,000  in  new 
developments  at  their  coal  mines.  They 
will  also  make  improvements  at  their 
coke  ovens  and  at  a  large  hydroelectric 
plant  on  the  Puntledge  river;  the  latter 
will  supply  power  to  their  Comox  mines. 

The  Independent  Coal  and  Coke  Com- 
pany, operating  in  Carbon  county,  Utah, 
has  nearly  completed  arrangements  for 
installing  electric-light  and  water  sys- 
tems at  Kenilworth,  one  of  its  princi- 
pal camps.  On  October  17,  2254  tons 
of  coal  were  mined  at  Kenilworth,  which 
is  the  largest  day's  output  to  date. 

In  an  effort  to  meet  the  car  shortage 
which  threatens  to  cause  a  coal  famine  in 
the  Western  States,  the  managers  of 
railroads  entering  Chicago  have  issued 
orders  not  to  allow  cars  to  be  hauled 
more  than  100  miles  from  the  lines  of 
the  company  which  owns  thera.  Coal 
operators  say  that  this  order  will  improve 
the  situation. 

Well  drillers  at  work  in  the  Board  of 
Trade  subdivision  of  Vincennes,  Indiana, 
have  found  coal,  in  some  places 
within  8  ft.  of  the  surface.  The 
wells  have  been  sunk  to  80  ft. 
and  three  veins  have  been  found 
within  that  depth.  Arrangements  are  be- 
ing made  to  run  an  adit  into  the  hillside 
and  open  up  the  coal. 


The  custom  that  prevails  in  some 
States  and  districts  of  paying  for  the  min- 
ing of  coal  on  the  mine-run  basis  has 
done  more  to  foster  and  extend  the 
criminal  practice  of  shooting  coal  from 
the  solid  than  all  other  causes  com- 
bined. Where  such  a  custom  prevails, 
there  is  no  incentive  for  the  miner  to 
produce  a  good  grade  of  coal. 

Two  portable  rescue  stations  fitted  up 
on  specially  built  railway  cars  and  ready 
to  respond  to  calls  from  mine  disasters, 
have  been  ordered  by  the  Bureau  of 
Mines.  One  will  be  at  Billings,  Mont., 
and  will  answer  calls  from  Montana  and 
northern  Wyoming.  The  second  will  cover 
the  coalfields  of  western  Colorado  and 
sastern  Utah.  The  traveling  stations  will 
serve  the  same  purpose  as  the  stationaiy 
ones   that   are   already   established. 

R.  F.  Tolmie  and  F.  H.  Shepherd,  chief 
inspector  of  mines,  have  been  in  the 
Crow's  Nest  Pass  district  of  British 
Columbia,  in  connection  with  the  estab- 
lishment there  of  the  first  of  several 
mine-rescue  stations,  for  which  the  Pro- 
vincial Government  has  procured  rescue  I 
apparatus.  Other  government  stations  ■ 
are  to  be  established  at  Extension  and 
Cumberland  Collieries,  both  on  Van- 
couver island.  Apparatus  have  been 
purchased  also  for  these  latter  stations. 
A  fourth  station  will  be  near  the  coal 
mines  in  Nicola  Valley. 

Urging  that  extraordinary  precautions 
be  taken  during  the  winter  months,  inas- 
much as  the  weather  is  more  conducive 
to  mine  explosions.  State  Mine  Inspector 
Hillhouse,  of  Birmingham,  Alabama,  has 
issued  a  word  of  warning  to  all  mine 
superintendents  and  miners  in  his  field. 
Among  other  things.  Inspector  Hillhouse 
says  that  the  cold  air  entering  the  mine 
during  the  winter  months,  is  warmed  up 
as  it  passes  through  the  underground 
entries,  and  this  change  in  temperature 
causes  the  air  to  absorb  moisture  from 
the  workings,  thus  making  the  mine  drier 
and  dustier,  rendering  it  more  liable  to 
a  dust  explosion. 

The  United  Coal  Mining  Company, 
of  Chicago,  operating  mines  in 
Franklin  county.  111.,  has  just  placed  a 
large  contract  with  a  Chicago  firm,  for 
what  is  to  be  the  largest  and  most  effi- 
cient coal-mining  plant  in  the  State  of 
Illinois.  The  new  operation  is  to  have  , 
a  capacity  of  4000  tons  per  day;  the 
eaqipment  will  include  a  four-track  steel  ■ 
tipple,  which  will  handle  a  4-ton  mine  ■" 
car.  The  tipple  is  equipped  with  roller 
shaking  screens.  10  ft.  wide,  and  with 
all  necessary  devices  for  carefully  and 
thoroughly  screening  the  product.  The 
hoisting  engines  are  to  be  a  pair  of  28x4S 
first  motion  type,  and  the  boiler  plant 
will  consist  of  four  330-h.p.  water-tube 
boilers,  equipped  with  automatic  stokers, 
and  feed-water  heaters.  The  contract 
also  covers  a  complete  electrical  power 
plant. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1025 


i     PERSONAL      1 


Mining  and  metallurgical  ensineers  are  In- 
vilPii  to  kec'i)  Tut:  Kxui.nueiung  ani>  Mining 
JOL'itNAf-  informed  of  their  movements  and 
appointments. 


Dr.  R.  O.  Hall,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
has  been  in  New  York. 

Bror  Orton,  a  Swedish  mining  engi- 
neer, has  been  visiting  iron  and  copper 
mines  in  the  Lake  Superior  region. 

John  P.  Heffernan,  of  Montreal,  has 
taken  charge  of  the  Crown  Cha. tared 
Company's  mine.   Porcupine.  Ontario. 

Herbert  C.  Enos,  of  Me.\ico  City,  is 
temporarily  in  charge  of  the  Buena 
Tierra  mine,  at  Santa  Eulalia,  Mexico. 

Donald  G.  Miller  is  now  mining  en- 
gineer for  the  Transvaal  Copper  Mining 
Company,  at  Cumpas,  Sonora,  Mexico. 

H.  H.  Webb,  consulting  engineer  of 
the  Consolidated  Goldfields  of  South 
Africa,  is  in  the  Porcupine  district,  On- 
tario. 

George  A.  Schroter,  managing  en- 
gineer for  the  Mines  Company  of  Amer- 
ica, is  visiting  the  company's  mines  in 
Mexico. 

E.  J.  Sweetland,  general  manager  of 
the  Sweetland  Filter  Press  Company, 
has  opened  an  office  in  the  Singer  build- 
ing. New  York. 

Quincy  A.  Shaw,  president  of  the  Cal- 
umet &  Hecla  and  subsidiary  companies, 
has  returned  to  Boston  after  an  e.xtended 
visit  at  the  mines. 

Edward  C.  Smith,  of  Des  Moines,  has 
been  chosen  president  of  the  Iowa  Coal 
Operators'  Association  in  place  of  John 
P.   Reese,   resigned. 

F.  M.  Sylvester,  of  Spokane,  Wash., 
has  been  appointed  assistant  to  Jay  P. 
Craves,  general  manager  of  the  Granby 
Consolidated    Mines. 

John  M.  Nicol  has  resigned  his  position 
as  Mexican  representative  of  the  Ham- 
mond Iron  Works,  of  Warren,  Penn., 
with   offices   in   Mexico   City. 

Alexander  Imhoff  has  resigned  as  sup- 
erintendent of  the  San  Juan  mine,  at 
Taviche,  Oaxaca,  Mexico,  and  has  re- 
moved to  Los  Angeles,  California. 

James  C.  H.  Ferguson,  of  the  Midvale 
Steel  Company,  Philadelphia,  leaves  this 
week  for  a  business  trip  to  Brazil,  Argen- 
tina and  other  South  American  Republics, 
and  will  be  gone  for  about  four  months. 

J.  V.  N.  Dorr  and  family  sail  for  Eu- 
rope Nov.  19,  for  a  month's  stay,  partly 
on  business  and  partly  for  pleasure.  His 
address  while  abroad  will  be  care  Mining 
Magazine,  8i9  Salisbury  House.  London. 
.  Dr.  E.  R.  Buckley,  geologist  of  the 
.Federal  Lead  Company,  lectured  before 
Ithe  class  in  economic  geology.  Missouri 
School  of  Mines,  on  Nov.  7,  on  "The 
Geology  of  the  Disseminated  Lead  De- 
posits of  Southeast   Missouri." 

A  party  of  directors  of  the  Golden  Re- 


ward Company  visited  the  mine  near 
Deadwood,  S.  D.,  last  week.  The  party 
included  N.  E.  Franklin,  John  Jacob 
Astor,  J.  T.  Harrahan,  A.  H.  Hagstaff, 
J.  A.  Auchincloss  and  Charles  A.  Pea- 
bod  v 

George  A.  Guess  has  resigned  his  po- 
sition as  smelter  superintendent  for  the 
Tennessee  Copper  Company,  and  has  been 
appointed  metallurgical  superintendent 
of  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  mines.  He  will 
leave  New  York  about  Dec.  1,  on  his  way 
to  Peru. 

C.  E.  Hermann,  mining  engineer  for 
John  W.  Gates  and  N.  V.  Hansell,  of 
Hamilton  &  Hansell,  left  New  York  for 
Europe  last  week.  They  will  visit  the 
new  Sydvaranger  concentrating  and 
briquetting  plant  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  Norway. 

In  the  Journal  of  Nov.  5  a  corres- 
pondent reported  that  Dwight  E.  Wood- 
bridge,  of  Duluth,  Minn.,  had  been  ap- 
pointed general  manager  of  the  Calumet 
&  Sonora  Mining  Company.  We  are  in- 
formed that  this  statement  is  incorrect. 
A.  L.  Warner,  formerly  chairman  of  the 
executive  committee,  has  been  appointed 
general  manager  of  the  company. 

John  Hays  Hammond  is  going  to  Si- 
beria to  develop  mines.  "I  shall  go 
to  Siberia,"  said  Mr.  Hammond,  "solely 
in  the  interest  of  American  capital.  I 
may  go  at  the  end  of  November,  but  I 
hope  not  to  have  to  go  before  next  spring. 
1  am  going  to  give  American  people  the 
opportunity  of  investing  their  money  in 
Siberian  mining  enterprises.  I  shall  be 
on  the  lookout  for  gold-  and  copper-min- 
ing properties.  I  hope  to  develop  these 
to  a  large  extent.  This  will  mean  the 
development  of  manufactures,  for  where 
there  are  mines  there  must  be  mining 
machinery." 


+1    OB  ITUARV    11+ 


Frank  Flower,  of  Houghton,  Mich., 
died  Oct.  21  at  Monrovia,  Liberia,  where 
he  had  gone  on  professional  business. 

E.  M.  Holbrook  died  suddenly  in  Chi- 
cago, Nov.  7,  aged  41  years.  He  was 
president  of  the  Wyoming  Coal  Com- 
pany, of  Alonarch,  Wyoming. 

Lelander  M.  Morris  died  at  Pittsburg. 
Nov.  7,  aged  78  years.  He  was  the 
founder  and  for  many  years  sole  owner 
of  the  Iron  City  Foundry  Company, 
Y,'hose  plant  was  at  one  time  one  of  the 
larger  Pittsburg  mills. 

Austin  A.  Wheelock,  of  New  York, 
died  suddenly  in  Washington,  Nov.  10. 
He  was  for  many  years  engaged  in  the 
iron  business  in  New  York,  and  was  vice- 
president  of  the  Wolf  Tongue  Mining 
Company,  of  Colorado. 

William  H.  Pattison  died  at  Superior, 
Wis..  Nov.  10.  He  was  well  known  in  the 
Lake  Superior  iron  country  as  a  miner 
and   mir'^   owner.      He   was   one   of   the 


earlier  owners  of  the  Pioneer  and  Chan- 
dler mines  on  the  Vermillion  range,  and 
was  also  interested  on  the  Mesabi. 

John  Howell,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  died 
at  Denver,  Colo.,  Nov.  14,  aged  77  years. 
He  was  born  in  Canada  and  went  to 
California  in  the  first  rush  in  1849,  when 
he  was  only  16  years  old.  He  was  con- 
nected with  many  mines  at  different  times, 
and  was  an  active  figure  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Comstock  Lode. 

Almon  D.  Hodges  died  at  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  Nov.  7,  aged  67  years.  He  was 
born  at  Providence.  R.  I.,  and  graduated 
from  Harvard  University.  After  serving 
two  years  in  the  Civil  War,  he  graduated 
from  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School  and 
then  spent  three  years  traveling  in  Eu- 
rope and  studying  at  Freiberg.  After  his 
return  he  spent  a  number  of  years  in 
Colorado,  Utah,  Nevada  and  California, 
examining  and  opening  mines,  and  acting 
as  consulting  engineers.  He  was  con- 
nected with  a  number  of  important  mines. 
In  recent  years  he  had  retired  from  active 
work,  though  he  frequently  acted  as  con- 
sulting engineer.  He  was  a  member  of 
many  clubs  and  associations  in  Boston 
and  San  Francisco.  He  left  one  son, 
Frederick  Hodges,  who  lives  in  Cal- 
ifornia. 

Dr.  Henry  Wurtz  died  at  his  residence 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  8,  aged  82  years. 
He  was  born  at  Easton,  Penn.,  and  grad- 
uated from  Princeton  University  and  the 
.Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 
Nearly  50  years  ago  he  was  chemical  ex- 
aminer of  the  United  States  Patent  Office 
and  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  National 
Medical  College,  at  Washington.  Subse- 
quently he  was  editor  of  the  New  York 
Gas  Light  Journal,  and  was  one  of  the 
judges  at  the  Philadelphia  Exposition. 
He  discovered  and  named  the  silver- 
bearing  minerals  huntilite  and  animikitc, 
and  the  mineral  wurtzilite  w-as  named 
after  him.  He  was  author  of  a  number 
nf  technical  works  and  papers.  At  dif- 
ferent times  he  was  engaged  in  chemical 
investigations  of  importance.  At  one 
time  he  made  a  study  on  the  existence  of 
gold  in  sea  water.  He  also  made  some 
interesting  contributions  to  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  cyanide  process.  For  many 
years  he  was  a  regular  and  valued  con- 
tributor to  the  Journal. 


^  SOCIETIES<^^TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


Coal  Mining  Institute  of  America — 
The  winter  meeting  will  be  held  at  Pitts- 
burg, Dec.  15  and  16.  The  institute  is 
now  making  a  special  campaign  to  in- 
crease the  number  of  its  meinbers. 

American  Institute  of  Chemical  En- 
gineers— The  annual  meeting  will  be  held 
in  New  York,  Dec.  7-10.  Headquarters 
will  be  at  the  Hotel  Astor.  A  number 
of  important  papers  will  be  presented  and 
visits  will  be  paid  to  the  leading  chemical 
plants  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York. 


1026 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Beports     From    Our     Own     Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      MarL>-      Important 
-^      Mining     Centers    of^     tKe  'World        -^        -^ 


San  Francisco 

Nov.  14 — A  large  gold  dredge  of  the 
type  in  use  at  Oroville  is  being  built  on 
Butte  creek,  six  miles  east  of  Chico, 
Butte  county,  for  Mrs.  E.  A.  Drexler  and 
associates.  The  land  on  which  the  ma- 
chine is  to  operate  belongs  to  Mrs.  Drex- 
ler, and  J.  R.  Wade  is  managing  the  oper- 
ation. Some  of  the  construction  work,  is 
being  done  by  the  Chico  Iron  Works.  The 
dredge  will  not  be  ready  for  operations 
before  June.  The  machine  is  to  cost 
about  $125,000. 

Newton  Cleveland,  general  manager  of 
the  Natomas  Consolidated,  states  that 
work  will  shortly  be  started  on  a  dredge 
to  be  used  in  the  Oroville  field,  which 
will  be  the  largest  in  that  field.  The  cost 
will  approximate  $250,000. 

A  regular  deep-sea  diving  apparatus  is 
being  used  on  the  Feather  river  above 
Oroville  in  prospecting  the  river  bottom. 
A  float  has  been  placed  in  the  middle  of 
the  river,  on  which  is  placed  the  air 
pump,  and  from  it  the  diver  makes  his 
descent.  Albert  Knapp,  of  Nevada  and 
L.  J.  Lent,  August  Forthas  and  L.  J.  De- 
velter,  of  Oroville,  are  doing  the  work, 
and  each  man  takes  his  turn  in  the  diving 
suit.  The  gravel  is  raised  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  river  in  buckets  and  washed 
upon  the  barge.  The  expenses  of  the  en- 
terprise have  so  far  been  paid  by  the 
gold  obtained  from  the  gravel  and  sand, 
and  meantime  the  character  of  the  river 
bottom  and  yield  is  ascertained. 

Los  Angeles  members  of  the  California 
Oil  JVlen's  Association  are  not  enthusiastic 
about  the  mass  meeting  to  be  held  at 
Bakersfield,  Kern  county,  on  Nov.  12,  to 
discuss  conservation  and  future  legisla- 
tion affecting  the  oil  interests  of  the 
State.  Recently  the  First  Assistant  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior  visited  the  Califor- 
nia oilfields  and  he  quite  frankly  said 
that  the  administration  was  committed  to 
a  policy  of  governmental  retention  of  the 
withdrawn  lands  and  the  inauguration  of 
the  leasing  system.  This  being  the  case, 
it  is  understood  that  men  operating  in 
good  faith  on  Government  lands  when  the 
withdrawal  orders  went  into  effect  may 
expect  nothing  more  than  relief  from  re- 
cent rulings.  The  Los  Angeles  men  think 
in  view  of  this,  that  it  is  better  to  ask 
relief  from  the  interpretation  of  the  Yard 
decision  and  recent  rulings,  than  to  sug- 
gest legislation  which  should  be  enacted. 
The  Kern  county  men,  as  well  as  those  on 
ni!  lands  in  Fresno  county,  want  new  leg- 
islation which  shall  remedy  present  op- 
pressive conditions  and  for  this  reason  the 
mass  meeting  referred  to  was  called. 


Denver 

Now  15 — A  large  mill  is  talked  of  for 
the  low-grade  ores  of  the  Stratton  estate, 
at  Cripple  Creek,  which  has  been  worked 
exclusively  on  the  leasing  system,  and 
therefore  the  very  low-grade  ores  left  in 
the  mines.  It  is  fairly  well  known  that 
there  is  in  the  mines  of  this  estate  an 
enormous  tonnage  of  ore  opened  up,  and 
therefore  easy  of  cheap  extraction,  which 
will  average  $7  per  ton,  and  which,  in 
view  of  what  has  been  accomplished  at 
Stratton's  Independence,  Ltd.,  and  the 
Portland  mills,  could  be  mined  and  treated 
with  a  good  margin.  There  are  approxi- 
mately a  million  tons  of  such  ore  already 
opened  up  in  the  workings,  and  allow- 
ing even  S3  for  treatment  and  S3  for 
mining,  it  would  appear  to  be  good  busi- 
ness for  this  large  mining  estate  to  have 
its  own  mill. 

Connection  has  been  made  by  the 
deep-drainage  tunnel  with  the  El  Paso 
shaft,  and  it  is  stated  that  A.  L.  Burris, 
manager  of  the  latter,  expects  to  begin 
mining  in  the  hitherto  drowned  levels 
in  a  few  days.  The  ore  in  these  limits  is 
known  to  be  exceptionally  rich.  What  is 
supposed  to  be  the  main  water  course  of 
the  district  is  yet  70  ft.  ahead  of  the 
tunnel  breast.  It  is  believed  that  it  will 
drain  the  mines  of  the  west  side  of  the 
district,  but  that  possibly  it  would  have 
to  be  driven  12.000  ft.  further  to  unwater 
the  Bull  hill  section.  The  drainage  tun- 
nel was  financed  by  the  big  mining  com- 
panies of  the  camp.  The  El  Paso  com- 
pany   subscribed   $133,000. 

The  Newhouse  tunnel,  which  is  near- 
ing  completion,  will  drain  the  mines  of 
Central  City  at  depths  varying  from  1200 
to  1800  ft.  as  soon  as  connection  is  made 
between  their  lowest  workings  and  the 
tunnel.  The  big  Gunnel  mine,  which  was 
such  a  great  producer  in  the  early  days 
of  the  camp,  and  which  is  largely  owned 
by  the  tunnel  company,  will  make  con- 
nections with  its  shaft  for  drainage,  but 
the  ore  will  probably  be  hoisted,  as  at 
present,  it  has  to  go  through  the  tunnel 
to  Idaho  Springs,  and  then  be  brought 
back  by  the  Colorado  &  Southern  railway 
to  the  company's  mill  at  Black  Hawk. 
With  the  hoisting  plan,  the  ore  will  go 
down  to  the  mill  on  the  Gilpin  tramway. 

Professor  Butler,  of  the  Colorado 
School  of  Mines,  has  come  out  squarely 
in  regard  to  the  zinc  discoveries  at  Lead- 
ville.  and  classes  them  in  the  first  place 
as  accidental,  and  due  to  the  assays  taken 
by  the  ever  optimistic  miner,  who  assays 
everything  that  looks  like  ore.  In  the 
second   place,   he   utterly   condemns   the 


carelessness  of  the  geologists  and  scien- 
tific engineers  who  passed  by  hundreds  of 
feet  of  calamine,  smithsonite  and  hydro- 
zincite,  even  classifying  the  beautiful 
crystals  of  calamine  as  "lime."  He 
animadverts  severely  on  the  carelessness 
and  want  of  mineralogical  knowledge 
which  led  prominent  mining  engineers 
to  make  this  astounding  "go  by." 

At  Cripple  Creek,  the  United  States 
Reduction  and  Refining  Company,  a  short 
time  ago  reduced  its  treatment  charges, 
and  it  is  stated  is  not  paying  dividends 
to  its  stockholders  under  the  rates  now  in 
force.  The  Golden  Cycle  company,  own- 
ing the  largest  reduction  plant  of  the  dis- 
trict, has  declined  to  meet  the  rates  of  the 
refining  company. 

The  gold  production  of  the  mines  of 
Cripple  Creek  for  October  came  close  to 
$1,500,000.  Three  thousand  men  are 
employed  at  from  $3  to  $5  per  diem,  and 
there  are  600  leasers  at  work  not  paid  by 
the  day. 


Butte 

Nov.  14 — At  the  recent  State  election 
the  labor  party,  which  was  brought  into 
existence  by  the  unions  in  Silver  Bow 
county  and  which  confined  its  operations 
to  that  county,  polled  but  a  comparatively 
small  vote,  and  was  not  successful  in 
defeating  the  democratic  legislature  ticket, 
v.'hich  was  its  avowed  purpose.  While 
the  democratic  ticket  was  elected,  yet 
the  labor  movement  was  not  wholly  with- 
out effect  since  the  democratic  legislative 
candidates  in  many  instances  pledged 
themselves  to  vote  for  measures  bene- 
ficial to  labor  and  it  now  remains  to  be 
seen  how  those  pledges  will  be  fulfilled. 

The  constitutionality  of  the  railway- 
commission  bill,  passed  in  1907,  will  in 
all  probability  be  tested  by  suits  pending 
in  the  local  courts.  This  bill  gave  the 
commission  the  power  to  prescribe  rates 
for  the  railways  on  local  hauls  and  is 
somewhat  similar  in  its  application  to  the 
Federal  statute. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Nov.  12 — The  number  of  furnaces 
smelting  ore  in  Salt  Lake  valley  and 
vicinity  the  first  week  in  November  was 
as  follows:  At  Midvale  the  United  States 
Smelting,  Refining  and  Mining  Company 
vas  running  six  furnaces  on  lead  ores, 
and  working  at  approximately  normal 
capacity.  The  American  Smelting  and  Re- 
fining Company's  Murray  plant  had  four 
lead  furnaces  in  operation  out  of  cisht. 
The  furnace  used  in  matte  concentration 
is    worked    intermittently,    when    enough 


November  19,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING    JOURNAL 


1027 


charge  has  accumulated,  and  the  matte, 
on  account  of  the  lead  it  contains,  is 
shipped  to  the  Omaha  plant  of  the  Ameri- 
can Smelting  and  Refining  Company  for 
treatment.  At  Garfield  the  copper  smelter 
has  completed  a  new  reverberatory  fur- 
nace and  has  six  of  these  furnaces  in 
operation.  There  arc  five  of  the  large 
Pierce  &  Smith  basic-lined  converters  in 
use.  Two  more  converters  of  this  type 
arc  to  be  built.  Three  of  the  blast  fur- 
naces out  of  four  are  running.  The 
copper  smeltery  of  the  International 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  has  three 
re\erberatories  and  two  converters  in  use 
It  Tooele.  Altogether  there  are  11  lead 
furnaces,  nine  reverberatories,  three  blast 
'urnaces  on  copper  ores  and  seven  con- 
verters in  operation. 

During  October  the  tunnel  of  the  Utah 

Wetal   Mining  Company   between   Middle 

■anon   on   the   Tooele   side   of  the   range 

ind   the    Bingham   was   extended   286   ft. 

he  work  was  entirely  in  hard  quartzite, 

nd  one  day  was  taken  off  to  widen  the 

unnel  and  cut  switches.     On  account  of 

he    low    water    at    this    season    and    the 

ecessity   of  having  a   high   air  pressure 

t    the    face,    the    compressor    was    shut 

own    several    hours   a    day.      The    holes 

\erage  5   ft.   in  depth,  and  are   loaded 

ith  one-quarter  60  per  cent,  powder  at 

le  bottom  of  the  hole,  and  the  balance 

J  per  cent.     This  makes  a  load  which 

reaks  well  to  the  bottom   of  the   holes, 

ithout   leaving   "boot-legs"   as   was   the 

ise  where  40  per  cent,  powder  alone  was 

^ed. 


h^P>-| 


Cobalt 

Nov.    14 — A    deputation    of     business 
en  from  North  Bay  and  the  Temiskam- 
C  country     recently    waited    upon    Wil- 
im   MacKenzie,   president   of   the   Can- 
lian  Northern  railway,  to  urge  that  this 
ad  be  extended  through   North  Bay  to 
e  silver  belt.     There  has  always  been 
dissatisfaction    with    the    service    ren- 
■red    by    the   Temiskaming   &    Northern 
ntario.   and    it    is   thought    that    with   a 
mpetitive  road   there  would  be  a  reduc- 
in  in  freight  rates,  at  the  present  high, 
is  understood   that   Mr.   MacKenzie   !s 
vorable  toward  the  project. 
Figures    for    the    first    ten    months    of 
10  show  that  the  production  from  Co- 
lt is  2000  tons  in  advance  of  the  cor- 
<ponding  period   for  1909. 
Snow  has  been  general  over  northern 
itario  within  the  last  week,  and  in  Por- 
pine,  almost  10  in.  has  already  fallen, 
e    snow    has    not,    however,    been    ac- 
"Tipanied   by   cold   weather,   so   that   al- 
iUgh  there  is  plenty  of  snow  for  sleigh- 
'.  the  bottom  of  the  roads  is  not  frozen, 
ich  leaves  them   in  bad  condition   for 
ffic.     The   Elk   Lake  district   has  also 
1  i  considerable  snow,  although  not  as 
'I'ch  as  Porcupine.     The  boats  are  still 
ming  on  the  Montreal   river,  but   it   is 
I  lected  that  navigation  will  close  soon. 


Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Nov.  10— W.  Fleet  Robertson,  pro- 
vincial mineralogist  for  British  Columbia, 
has  returned  to  Victoria,  from  an  official 
visit  to  Portland  Canal,  where  he  ex- 
amined a  number  of  mineral  claims  be- 
ing prospected  in  the  new  mining  camp 
situated  in  the  vicinity  of  the  canal.  Pend- 
ing the  issue  of  an  official  bulletin  by  the 
provincial  Bureau  of  Mines,  Mr.  Robert- 
son has  little  to  say  for  publication.  Brief- 
ly, his  conclusions  are,  in  effect,  that 
there  is  as  yet  only  one  mining  property 
in  the  camp  tributary  to  Stewart,  the  town 
at  the  head  of  the  canal,  that  may  rea- 
sonably be  regarded  as  a  mine ;  namely, 
that  of  the  Portland  Canal  Mining  Com- 
pany, of  Victoria.  This  company  has  been 
developing  two  of  its  group  of  eight  min- 
eral claims  for  three  years,  and  quite  re- 
cently completed  the  erection  and  equip- 
ment of  the  first  75-ton  unit  of  its  con- 
centrator. Ore  is  being  conveyed  regu- 
larly by  an  aerial  tramway  from  the  mine 
to  the  concentrator  and  a  concentration  of 
about  3' J  into  1  is  being  made.  When 
visited  by  the  official  the  plant  was  found 
to  be  doing  excellent  work — making  an 
exceptionally  clean  separation.  The  aver- 
age grade  of  the  ore  is  low.  There  is 
much  ore  blocked  out  and  more  as- 
sured. Much  prospecting  was  being  done 
throughout  the  district,  but  no  other  prop- 
erty than  that  above  mentioned  is  yet  in 
a  position  to  ship  ore  on  a  commercial 
basis,  nor  likely  to  be  until  next  year. 
Many  claimholders,  however,  are  honestly 
endeavoring  to  ascertain  the  worth  of 
their  properties. 

It  may  be  added  that  the  Portland 
Canal  Mining  Company  expects  to  be  able 
to  ship  about  1000  tons  of  concentrate  be- 
fore the  close  of  this  year — probably  early 
in  December — and  arrangements  are  be- 
ing made  for  the  transportation  and  re- 
duction of  that  and  following  shipments. 

Mexico  City 

Nov.  10 — The  owners  of  mining  claims 
in  Mexico  are  confronted  with  the  pro- 
visions of  the  new  mining  law,  which  re- 
quires them  to  complete  the  monument- 
ing  of  their  claims  prior  to  the  first  of 
the  year.  The  provision  of  the  law  re- 
lating to  this  is  as  follows:  "Owners  of 
mines  who  have  failed  to  set  landmarks 
to  the  boundaries  of  their  properties  are 
granted  a  term  of  one  year  within  which 
to  do  this  (dating  from  Jan.  1,  1910). 
Any  person  failing  to  comply  with  this 
prescription  shall  be  liable  for  the  Iocs 
or  damage  thereby  caused  to  any  third 
party,  and  furthermore  shall  be  subject 
to  a  fine  of  from  one  hundred  to  five 
hundred  pesos,  which  the  Department  of 
Fomento  shall  impose  upon  proof  of  the 
offense.  If  the  party  liable  persists  in 
the  omission  for  the  term  of  thirty  days 
after  the  imposition  of  the  fine  he  shall 
be    committed    to    the    judicial    authority 


for  infliction  of  the  penalty  provided 
for  disobedience  of  the  lawful  order  of 
an  authority,  without  prejudice  to  the 
construction  of  the  monuments  under 
the  direction  of  the  Department  of  Fo- 
mento, and  at  the  expense  of  the  party 
in  interest." 

It  further  says  in  regard  to  monu- 
ments: "The  expert  shall  cause  to  be 
built  on  the  ground,  at  the  points  where 
the  monuments  are  to  be  erected  under 
the  provisions  of  Article  18,  solid  founda- 
tions of  masonry,  of  a  hight  of  not  less 
than  fifty  centimeters,  of  horizontal  sur- 
face and  of  square  section,  the  sides  of 
which  shall  measure  at  least  fifty  centi- 
meters. There  shall  be  marked  on  these 
foundations  signs  insuring  an  easy  recog- 
nition and  identification  of  each  of  the 
monuments  according  to  its  designation 
on  the  corresponding  drawing.  Experts 
shall  be  governed  by  the  terms  of  the  de- 
nouncement in  making  the  corresponding 
location  and  survey,  and  shall  indicate 
on  the  plans  not  only  the  monuments  of 
the  adjacent  mining  tracts  standing  with- 
in the  latter,  and  shall  set  forth  in  their 
reports  all  observations  made  to  them  by 
the  denouncer,  the  owners  of  the  adjacent 
properties,  or  any  person  deeming  his  in- 
terest prejudiced  by  the  expert's  opera- 
tions." 

Amplifying  the  manner  in  which  the 
law  shall  be  carried  out  another  article 
reads:  "The  party  in  interest  shall  be  in- 
formed that  he  is  allowed  the  term  of 
thirty  days  within  which  to  erect  his 
monuments,  and  to  certify  to  the  erection 
of  the  same.  The  said  certificate  shall 
attest  the  fact  that  the  monuments  have 
been  located  at  the  points  on  the  ground 
indicated  in  the  aforesaid  plan  and  shall 
be  certified,  if  possible,  by  the  expert 
who  made  such  plan,  and  if  this  is  im- 
possible, by  some  other  graduate  expert, 
and  failing  the  latter,  by  any  practical  ex- 
pert of  recognized  capacity." 

In  the  location  of  monuments  the  fol- 
lowing requirements  shall  be  fulfilled: 
"Their  location  shall  not  be  changed  so 
long  as  the  mining  properties  which  they 
bound  are  not  modified.  They  sha''  be 
solidly  constructed  and  kept  always  in 
good  repair.  They  shall  be  located  in 
suitable  places  and  in  such  number  as 
may  be  necessary  so  that  it  shall  be  pos- 
sible to  see  from  any  one  of  the  monu- 
ments the  preceding  and  the  succeeding 
monument;  and  by  their  dimension, 
shape,  color,  or  any  other  characteristics, 
they  shall  be  distinguishable  from  the 
monuments  of  the  adjoiningnnining  prop- 
erty." 

This  matter  of  requiring  monuments  to 
be  placed  on  mining  properties  has  at- 
tracted a  good  deal  of  attention  and  has 
necessitated  re-survey  of«many  properties 
and  of  re-monumenting  of  others.  On  the 
whole  it  is  an  entirely  desirable  and 
commendable  requirement  of  the  Mexican 
law  and  will  obviate  many  future  dis- 
putes and  difficulties. 


1028 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


^  THE  MINING  NEWS  ^  ^ 

Peports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Inst  allationS,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining" 


-^-^-'O^ 


Alaska 

Some  rich  strikes  are  reported  from 
what  is  known  as  the  Gold  Hill  district, 
on  the  Yukon  river,  35  miles  from 
the  junction  of  the  Tanana,  and  much 
prospecting  is  being  done. 

Claim  No.  8  and  a  portion  of  No.  9 
second  tier  of  benches  on  the  left  limit 
of  Coldstream,  at  Fairbanks,  have  been 
sold  for  ^75,000  bv  Walter  J.  King.  Eric 
Overstead  and  J.  T.  Adams  to  John  Bige- 
low,  Frank  Berry  and  John  L.  McGinn, 
who  will  operate  the  property. 

Alaska-Treadwell — The  report  for  the 
month  ended  Oct.  15  shows,  crushed  82,- 
964  tons;  total  production,  S180,lt3l,  net 
operating  profit,  S77,028.  The  yield  per 
ton  was  S2.17.  The  electric  transmission 
line  from  Sheep  Creek  plant  is  completed 
and  in  operation. 


Arizona 

Gila  County 

Inspiration — This  company  has  200 
men  engaged  in  development  under- 
ground and  in  surface  w^ork.  At  the  Joe 
Bush  shaft  12  raises  and  drifts  are  being 
driven  to  block  out  the  ore  and  check 
the  results  of  churn  drilling.  The  Joe 
Bush  shaft  has  been  connected  with  the 
Scorpion  shaft  on  the  tunnel  level  127  ft. 
above  the  fourth,  and  soon  the  Colorado 
sh?ft,  2500  ft.  west  of  the  Joe  Bush,  will 
be  connected  with  the  Joe  Bush  and 
Scorpion.  With  the  exception  of  200  ft. 
immediately  south  of  the  Scorpion  shaft 
where  the  drift  passed  under  the  ore- 
body,  all  the  work  between  the  three 
shafts  has  been  in  ore.  Two  churn  drills 
are  at  work  on  the  Ape.x  and  Copper 
Wonder  claims  at  the  highest  part  of  the 
property.  Both  holes  are  as  yet  too  shal- 
low to  find  ore.  They  are  1800  and  2200 
ft.  west  of  the  Joe  Bush,  respectively. 
The  churn-drill  work  so  far  has  shown 
that  the  orebody  is  3800  ft.  long,  has  an 
average  vertical  thickness  of  about  200 
ft.,  and  varies  in  width  from  300  to  1200 
ft.  Owing  to  the  irregular  contour  of  the 
orebody,  it  is  very  difficult  to  estimate 
its  average  width.  The  75-ton  test  mill 
has  just  been  put  in  operation  near  the 
Joe  Bush  shaft  and  experiments  will  be 
continued  indefinitely.  The  company  is 
erecting  a  machine  shop  near  the  portal 
of  the  main  extraction  tunnel  2500  ft. 
southwest  of  the  Joe  Bush  shaft. 

Stonewall-McMillen — This  old  silver 
mine  in  the  Globe-Miami  section  is  be- 
ing explored  by  V.  Y.  Smith.  Cyanide 
tests  of  the  dump  are  being  made. 


Yavapai  County 
Consolidated  Arizona — At  this  property 
at  Humboldt,  operations  are  being  car- 
ried on  on  a  larger  scale  than  at  any  time 
since  the  company  began  production, 
April,  1910.  One  blast  furnace  and  one 
reverberatory  are  in  commission,  and 
three  roasters  and  one  converter.  The 
plant  is  treating  some  of  the  iron  ores 
from  the  United  Verde,  concentrates 
from  the  Goldfield  Consolidated  and  also 
ores  high  in  iron  from  the  Clara  Con- 
solidated, for  fluxing,  the  Consolidated 
Arizona  in  turn  giving  the  last  named 
pioperty  ores  high  in  sulphur.  Develop- 
ments at  the  Blue  Bell  mine  are  stated 
to  have  been  favorable. 

Yuma  County 
Yuma — Arrangements  are  completed 
for  several  months  of  diamond-drilling 
work.  The  machine  will  be  set  on  the 
third  level,  as  sinking  is  now  in  progress 
in  the  Carbonate  shaft  for  the  fourth 
level,  and  an  effort  will  be  made  to  lo- 
cate the  bodies  of  commercial  ore  thought 
to  exist  below  the  third  level,  which 
shows  low-grade  copper  sulphides. 


California 

Amador  County 
Hardenburg — John  Martin  and  others, 
who  are  reopening  this  mine,  will  sink  a 
three-compartment   vertical   shaft. 

Humboldt  County 
Klamath  River — The  new  mine  of  this 
company,  at  Weitchpec,  will  soon  be  start- 
ed with  two  giants  for  hydraulicking.  C.  A. 
Sample  is  manager. 

Modoc  County 
Big  Four — The  new  mill   for  this  mine 
at   Fort  Bidwell  it  is  expected  will  be  in 
operation  in  two  weeks. 

Nevada  County 
Empire — The     new     cyanide    plant    is 
completed  at  Grass  Valley.     Oliver  filters 
are  used. 

Carlyle — The  surface  plant,  including 
the  10-stamp  mill,  concentrators,  boarding 
house,  sawmill,  assay  office,  etc.,  of  the 
mine,  four  miles  south  of  Meadow  Lake, 
has  been  burned.  The  property  is  owned 
by  Lee  D.  Butts,  of  Penryn,  and  was 
under  lease  to  McGrath  &  Gross,  of  San 
Francisco. 

Plumas  County 

On  Grizzly  creek,  15  miles  from  Portola, 
the  Walker  Brothers,  of  Salt  Lake,  have 
100  men  at  work  on  a  new  copper  prop- 
erty and  will  largely  increase  the  force 
in  a   few  months.     A  number  of  claims 


I 


have   been   located   and    the   ore   so    far 
found  carries  high  copper. 

Shasta  County 

Kent — At  this  mine,  10  miles  west  of 
Kennett,  a  rich  body  of  copper  ore  has 
been  uncovered,  and  the  property  prom- 
ises to  become  a  producer. 

Uncle  Sam — Men  are  at  work  on  this 
mine  at  Kennett  with  the  hope  of  finding 
another  rich  chimney,  such  as  was  worked 
when  the  mine  was  operated  by  the  Eng- 
lish  company   years   ago. 

Golinsky — Tunneling  has  been  com- 
menced in  this  mine  to  locate  the  main 
orebody,  outcroppings  of  which  are 
known. 

Monarch — This  new  mine,  near  Ken- 
nett, owned  by  Trask  &  Spencer,  is  ready 
to  ship  gold  ore. 

Balaklala — Three  furnaces  have  been 
put  into  operation  at  this  smeltery  for 
the  first  time  since  the  close  down  last 
summer. 

Sierra  County 

Gladstone — The    portable    stamp    mill 
owned   by  Mr.   Poland,  of  Berkeley,  has 
been  set  up  on  this  mine  near  Gibson-    ' 
ville  at  Whisky  Diggings. 

Standard — Jason  Frye,  in  drifting  from 
the  bottom  of  the  shaft  of  this  mine  in 
Sailor's    ravine,    near    Downieville,    has   ] 
found   the   rich   ore   vein   which   was  lost 
by  the  Oakland  company. 

Miner's  Home  and  Winkcye — After  the 
tunnels  are  repaired  in  these  claims  at 
Howland  Flat,  Charles  Palck,  the  new 
owner,  will  start  another  tunnel  to  open 
the  properties. 

Independence — This  mine,  five  miles 
from  Alleghany,  is  being  reopened  by  F. 
A.  Pearson,  and  machinery  has  been  in- 
stalled. 

Whiskey  Diggings — Charles  Gibson 
and  others  interested  in  the  Gladstone 
are  installing  a  portable-stamp  mill  on 
this   property,   near  Gibsonville. 

Standard — Frye  &  Blevins,  owners,  who 
recently  resumed  operations  after  F.  A. ' 
Cowing  and  associates  gave  up  their 
bond,  have  again  found  the  pay  shoot  lost 
by  Gowing.  Arsenical  sulphides  have 
been  uncovered  that  were  found  in  the 
upper  tunnel,  after  drifting  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  100-ft.  shaft. 

Keystone — S.  W.  Van  Sickle  has  bonded 
this  mine  near  Sierra  City  and  has  put 
a  crew  at  work.  A  new  power  liine  is 
being  put  in. 

Phoenix — At  this  mine  the  flume  has 
been  completed  and  the  water  turned  on. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1029 


I 


Tuolumne  County 

Tarantula — In  this  mine,  at  Chinese,  an 
important  de\elopment  has  taken  place 
in  a  new  tunnel  and  rich  ore  is  being 
taken  out.  The  timbers  are  ready  for  the 
new  20-stamp  mill.  A  raise  is  being 
made  from  the  new  to  the  old  tunnel. 
Thomas  Russell  is  superintendent. 

John  Mariana — The  people  holding  a 
bond  on  this  copper  mine  are  again  op- 
erating. 

Hoskins — This  mine,  at  Jamestown,  is 
being  worked  under  bond  b\'  Berkeley 
men,  and  the  Mountain  Pass  channel  on 
the  property  is  being  explored. 

Colorado 
Clear  Creek  County 
Big  Five— The  Bellman  lode  has  been 
cut  by  the  Central  tunnel,   and   it   is   re- 
ported  that   at   the    point   of   intersection 
the  vein   is   7   ft.   wide,    and    carries    up 
to  S25  per  ton,  average  yield   not  given. 
The    Bellman    is    an    extension    of    the 
Crown  Point  and  Virginia,  the  latter  be- 
ing a  good  producer  in  the  early  days  of 
the  cam.p.    The  Gem  and  other  pioducers 
are  said  to  be   on  the   same  vein. 
Lake   County — Leadville 
The    three     tunnels    being     driven     in 
Sugar    Loaf    section    are    being    watched 
with    much    much    interest.     The   steady 
shipments    from    large    orebodies    opened 
by    the    Dinero    tunnel     is     the     primary 
;ause.    The  Siwatch  tunnel  is  in  2000  ft., 
ind  will  cut  the  first  vein  of  importance 
n  150  ft.     Sugar  Loaf  Consolidated  tun- 
lel  is  in  over  2800  ft.  and  is  expected  to 
;ut  the   first   of   the    Virginius   veins   be- 
'ore  Jan.   1.     A  lateral  from  the  Birdella 
unnel,  in  Gleason  Gulch,  is  reported  to 
lave    cut    the    Amity    vein    in    pay    ore, 
vidth  not  yet  known.     The  lateral  is  35 
t.   below   the    bottom    of   the    old    Amity 
haft,  which  several  years  ago  produced 
ire  that  netted  the  lessees  $260  per  ton 
n  car  lots. 

Haydcn — Sixty  tons  of  carbonate  of 
inc  ore  are  being  shipped  daily  from 
ie  Hayden  shaft,  on  Fryer  hill. 
Anchor — This  group  of  10  claims  in 
le  St.  Kevin  district  will  be  developed 
y  a  tunnel,  which  will  be  driven  into 
le  mountain  for  1000  ft.  J.  P.  Hepburn 
■  manager. 

Franklin—  This  group  is  also  being  de- 
-'loped  by  a  tunnel  570  ft.  in  length, 
ith  laterals,  and  a  good  body  of  ore  has 
Iready  been  opened. 

Griffin — This  claim  is  being  developed 
a   tunnel    now    in   600    ft.    and    which 
ill   reach      the   Griffin   claim    in   200   ft. 
ore. 

San  Juan  District 
Tomboy — In  October  there  was  crushed 
.'»00  tons;  yielding  bullion,  S40,000. 
J  the  concentrates  shipped  yielded 
0.500.  The  expenses  were  S45.500, 
iving  profit  S25,000. 


Teller   County — Cripple   Creek 
Western     Investment     Company — The 
output    of    the    Mary    McKinney,    under 
lease   to   this   company,   was    18   cars   in 
October,  of  a  grade  of  S30  per  ton. 

Isabella — From  the  Empire  shaft  of 
this  company  14  cars  were  shipped,  of 
ounce  of  gold  ore,  and  four  cars  of  mill 
ore    from    the   Ophir. 

Victor — The  Roscoe  Leasing  Company, 
subleasers  of  the  Western  Investment 
Company,  sent  out  14  cars  of  average- 
grade   ore. 

Jerry  Johnson  —  From  this  mine,  on 
Ironclad  hill,  33  cars  of  mill  ore  were 
shipped  in  October  from  the  stope  on 
the  700  level. 

Ajax — This  mine,  on  Battle  mountain, 
operated  by  leasers,  produced  60  cars 
of  ore  in  October,  the  average  being 
about    I    oz.    gold    per   ton. 

Cresson — In  October  2500  ton  of  ore 
of  an  average  grade  of  525  per  ton  were 
sent  down  to  the  railway  over  the  com- 
pany's  aerial   tramway. 


Idaho 

CoEUR  d'Alene  District 
Coeur     d'Alene     Nellie — This     copper 
mine    has    been    bonded    by    a    group    of 
Wallace  men  who  have  formed  the  Wal- 
lace  Development  Company. 

Charles  Dickens — The  Dickens,  near 
the  Stewart  has  been  financed  by  Chi- 
cago capital  and  placed  in  possession  of 
a  new  corporation,  the  Idaho  Knicker- 
bocker Company,  which  has  offices  in 
Spokane.  The  Dickens  has  a  150-toii 
mill  and  is  well  equipped.  Development 
has  been  resumed. 


Kansas 

The  Kansas  production  for  October 
was  3,979,200  lb.  of  blende  and  290,880 
lb.  of  lead,  with  a  total  value  of  ,'588,704. 

Eureka — R.  L.  Baines  has  succeeded 
S.  R.  Ping  as  manager  of  the' Eureka 
company,  operating  in  the  Galena  camp. 
The  company  has  the  ground  opened  in 
the  new  s.haft  and  also  in  the  old  Helen 
Hunt  shaft,  so  that  the  mill  will  soon  be 
operated  steadilv. 

Southside — Franklin  Playter,  manager 
of  this  company,  which  has  leased  this 
tract,  has  drained  the  ground  and  is 
now  preparing  to  do  deep  drilling. 

Michigan 

Copper 

Contact — This  company  is  sinking  its 
third  drill  hole,  the  first  and  second  holes 
entered  the  Eastern  sandstone,  but  it  is 
known  that  the  tract  lies  within  the  min- 
eralized zone. 

South  Lake — No.  6  drill  hole  has  en- 
countered copper-bearing  ground  at  500 
ft.  showing  it  to  be  about  20  ft.  wide 
with  5  ft.  of  it  highly  mineralized.  Clear- 


ing a  shaft  site  is  under  way  and  ground 
will  be  broken  within  a  few  weeks. 

Seneca — The  extension  of  the  drifts  at 
920  ft.  continues  showing  copper  ground. 
About  50  ft.  of  drifting  has  been  done  at 
this  point. 

0/ibway—The  company  has  started 
drifting  at  the  350-ft.  level  of  its  No.  1 
shaft  brought  about  by  the  fine  showing 
that  is.  being  maintained  at  the  500-  650- 
and  800- ft.  levels.  In  sinking  the  first 
level  of  this  shaft  was  established  at  500 
feet. 

Minnesota 

What  promises  to  be  a  mining  field 
of  considerable  importance  is  territory  in 
the  vicinity  of  Pokegame  lake,  at  the 
extreme  western  end  of  the  Mesabi 
range.  Ore  has  been  found  as  a  result 
of  drilling.  Tests  are  now  being  con- 
ducted by  the  M.  A.  Hanna  Company,  of 
Cleveland,  which  controls  the  Poole 
properties. 

An  important  deal  involving  Cuyuna 
range,  Minnesota,  property  has  resulted  in 
the  Rogers-Brown  interests  securing  con- 
trol of  the  Weyerhaeuser  eighty  in  Sec- 
lion  11,  46-29.  The  tract  is  believed  to 
contain  a  large  orebody.  Adjoining  it  on 
the  west  is  the  Interstate  mine,  where  a 
concrete  shaft  is  being  sunk,  while  on  the 
east  side  is  the  Keating  forty,  with  its 
high-grade  ore.  To  the  northeast  is  the 
Neimeyer  forty,  where  the  Armour  con- 
crete shaft  has  been  completed,  the 
Chisholm  &  Williams  orebody,  and  the 
property  of  the  International  Harvester 
Company.  To  the  west  also  are  the  Feigh 
holdings,  leased  to  the  Hill  Lumber  Com- 
pany, of  Saginaw,  and  to  the  northwest 
the  orebodies  in  the  Gross  and  Hopkins 
and  Jeune  lands — all  seemingly  on  the 
same  iron  formation. 

Missouri 

The  Missouri  production  for  October 
was  35,005,440  lb.  of  blende,  3,032,760 
lb.  of  calamine  and  5,272,800  lb.  of  lead, 
with  a  total  value  of  S928,579. 

Evans  W.  Buskett,  a  metallurgical  en- 
gineer, is  promoting  a  zinc-oxide  plant 
to  be  built  in  the  Joplin  district.  This 
plant  will,  of  necessity,  have  to  use  coal 
and  will  handle  the  calamine  ore. 

Jackson — This  company,  operating  on 
a  lease  from  Mattes  Brothers,  in  Jack- 
son hollow,  has  completed  its  mill  and  is 
running.  Charles  Hart,  of  Joplin,  is 
local  manager. 

Niagara  Falls — This  company  has  its 
mill  in  Gordon  hollow  completed  and  is 
milling  development  ore.  This  mill  is  the 
pioneer  in  the  reopening  of  the  old  Gor- 
don Hollow  camp.  C.  C.  Playter,  of  Jop- 
lin, is  manager. 

Homestalce — This  company,  operating 
at  Lehigh,  has  decided  to  build  a  mill,  as 
it  has  the  ground  opened  up  sufficiently. 
A.  W.  Walker,  of  Joplin,  is  local  man- 
ager. 


1030 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


American — This  company  is  drilling  at 
Toms  station,  and  in  the  North  Fork 
camp,  at  Neck  City,  and  is  reported  ;o 
have  struck  good  ore  in  the  Neck  City 
camp.  The  company  has  also  opened  its 
Midway  property  to  prospectors. 

Federated — This  company  has  leased 
40  acres  of  the  Mexico-Joplin  land,  at 
Toms  station,  and  has  made  some  good 
drill  strikes. 


Montana 
Butte  District 
Anaconda — The  company  has  pur- 
chased a  7/12  interest  in  the  Old  Glory 
Quartz  claim  from  J.  B.  Leggat.  The 
other  5/12  had  previously  been  aco.uired 
from  the  Red  Metal  and  Trenton  compan- 
ies. The  claim  lies  between  the  Snoozer 
and  Raven  mines  of  the  Raven  company. 
From  Mrs.  Largey-Catron  and  the  Butte 
Hardware  Company  the  Emily  and  Mill 
View  Quartz  claims  have  been  pur- 
chased. The  claims  lie  north  of  the  Bad- 
ger State,  now  owned  by  the  Anaconda 
company.  From  the  Largey  estate  the 
company  has  purchased  the  Polly  Quartz 
claim,  a  half  interest  in  the  Torrid  and 
Tropic,  5/10  in  the  Maud  and  May 
and  !'s  in  the  Sioux  City.  At  the  Leonard 
mine  the  controller  house  is  being  en- 
larged to  double  its  present  capacity. 
The  gallows  frame  at  the  No.  1  shaft  is 
not  ready  for  use.  Machinery  has  been 
ordered  which  will  double  the  compres- 
sor plant.  Last  week  the  cage  in  the 
West  shaft  of  the  Tramway  mine  was 
pulled  over  the  sheaves  and  took  with  it 
the  steel  arch  of  the  gallows  frame  abov3 
the  sheaves.  This  accident  resulted  in 
putting  out  of  commission  the  two  other 
cages  at  the  mine  and  the  miners  were 
laid  off  for  several  days  but  work  has 
been  resumed.  At  the  Anaconda  mine  a 
new  shop  and  storeroom  for  the  elec- 
tricians is  being  constructed.  The  new 
compressor  plant  near  the  High  Ore 
mine  is  nearing  completion.  Most  of  the 
machinery  is  in  place  and  the  concrete 
floors  are  being  laid.  At  the  West  Gray 
Rock  mine  the  raise  to  make  the  shaft 
three-compartment  has  been  completed 
and  ore  is  being  hoisted. 

Butte  &  Bacorn — The  company  has  re- 
cently issued  $50,000  worth  of  6  per  cent, 
bonds  secured  by  a  first  mortgage  on  its 
property  in  the  Butte  district.  The  Union 
Trust  Company,  of  Pittsburg,  is  the  trus- 
tee. 

Jefferson  County 
Corbin-Pennsylvania — The  directors 
have  elected  the  following  officers: 
Frank  E.  Richards,  president;  F.  Tuck, 
vice-president,  and  H.  M.  Brooks,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer. 

Basin  Reduction  Company — In  the  suit 
recently  brought  against  the  company  by 
the  State  Savings  Bank,  of  Butte,  an  at- 
tachment has  been  levied  on  the  Katie  mill- 
site,   Katie    Quartz    lode,  Kissing    Bug, 


Canon  and  Klondyke  placers,  Susie 
Quartz  claim  and  the  company's  water 
rights  on  the   Boulder  river. 

King  Solomon — The  group  consists  of 
nine  claims  in  the  Clancy  district  carry- 
ing silver,  lead  and  zinc.  A  recent  report 
on  the  property  recommends  that  a  shaft 
be  sunk  to  the  500-ft.  level  so  that  the 
known  veins  may  be  developed. 

Amazon-Montana — Sinking  has  begun 
on  the  shaft  now  down  ^0  ft.,  and  it  will 
be  sunk  to  400  ft.  A  shipment  from 
the  winze  on  the  250- ft.  level  has  been 
made  to  East  Helena. 

Madison  County 
Apex — An  air  compressor  has  been  in- 
stalled and   is  being  used  to  operate  all 
the   machinery    of  the   mine   e.xcept   that 
already  operated  by  electricity. 


Nevada 
Elko  County 

Rainbow  Amazon — Definite  arrange- 
ments for  the  construction  of  a  mill  are 
said  to  have  been  made.  A  building  75 
by  175  ft.  is  being  built  so  that  had 
weather  will  not  interfere  with  the  in- 
stallation of  machinery.  The  property  is 
in  the  Jarbridge  district. 

Esmeralda  County 

Silver  Pick — The  Golden  PivK  lease  at 
450  ft.  is  in  a  quartz  formation  similar 
to  that  with  which  the  orebodies  in  the 
adjoining  Consolidated  ground  are  asso- 
ciated. 

Blue  Bell — Two  leases  are  extracting, 
shipping  and  doing  developtnent  at  the 
same  time. 

Humboldt  County 
J.  S.   McLaughlin  has  opened   a  40-ft. 
vein  of  milling  ore  at  Three  Mile  creek 
south  of  National. 

Lincoln  County 

Elkton — The  property  is  in  the  chief 
mining  district,  midway  between  Pioche 
and  Delamar.  A  gasolene  hoist  and  other 
machinery  to  deepen  the  present  80-ft. 
shaft  will  be  purchased.  Ore  was  en- 
countered at  the  surface. 

Nevada-Des  Moines — It  is  said  that  the 
company  owning  property  in  the  Pioche 
district  will  let  a  contract  for  sinking  a 
two-compartment  shaft. 

Nye  County 

Tonopah-Bclmont — The  shaft  is  40  ft. 
below  the  1100-ft.  station.  As  soon  as  the 
1200-ft.  point  is  reached  another  station 
will  be  made  and  a  crosscut  started  south 
where  the  Belmont  vein,  dipping  toward 
the  shaft  at  an  angle  of  70  deg.,  should 
soon  be  reached.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  shaft  will  penetrate  the  vein  at  1250 
feet. 

Tonopah  Extension — A  Trent  agitator 
\T-  being  installed  at  the  mill.  It  is  hoped 
with  longer  agitation  to  be  able  to  treat 
the  slimes  without  concentrating,  thereby 


saving  the  expense  of    marketing    slime 
concentrates. 

Diamond — A  gasolene  hoist  will  be  in- 
stalled at  once  and  shipments  to  the 
Eclipse  mill  at  Rhyolite  increased. 

Oklahoma 

The  production  from  the  Oklahoma 
camps  for  October  was  2,535,080  lb.  of 
blende,  14,760  lb.  of  calamine  and  270,- 
120  lb.  of  lead,  with  a  total  value  of 
$49,864. 

Miami — L.  C.  Church  has  installed  his 
large  pump  in  the  deep  shaft  in  the 
North  end  of  the  camp  and  has  started 
to  drain  the  ground.  As  this  will  also 
drain  the  south  end  of  the  camp,  several 
of  the  rairies  will  be  able  to  resume  soon. 

Petersburg — This  company,  at  Qua- 
paw,  has  nearly  completed  its  400-ton 
mill.  This  mill  is  the  innovation  in  that 
it  has  complete  classifying  systems  and 
no  rougher  jigs — six  cleaner  jigs  having 
been  installed  in  place.  This  has  neces- 
sitated many  rolls  and  as  large  horse- 
power is  required,  a  275-h.p.  gas  en- 
gine has  been  installed. 


Oregon 

Baker  County 

Morning  —  Hazel  wood  &  Rawson, 
Sumpter,  lessees,  are  considering  the  in- 
stallation of  a  larger  plant. 

Oregon-Idaho  Investment — This  com- 
pany has  purchased  the  plant  of  the  Bak- 
er City  Sampling  Works.  Baker  City,  and 
will  enlarge. 

Ibex — This  mine,  in  the  Sumpter 
district,  which  has  been  closed  down  for 
a  number  of  years,  is  now  under  way 
for  active  operation,  and  the  compressor 
plant,  surface  buildings,  boarding  house, 
etc.,  are  completed  preparatory  to  the 
driving  during  the  winter  of  a  crosscut 
tunnel  which  will  intersect  the  vein. 

North  Pole  and  E.  &  £.— These  two 
properties,  in  the  Sumpter  district,  are 
still  under  option  to  Messrs.  Bush  and 
Selig,  of  California.  Shipment  of  ore 
for  testing  purposes  has  been  sent  to 
San  Francisco,  and  it  is  reported  that  re- 
sults were  satisfactory  and  that  the  op- 
tion will  be  taken  up. 

Mammoth — This  property,  Sumpter 
district,  has  recently  been  purchased,  and 
the  mill  is  in  operation. 

Highland — This  property.  Rock  Creek 
district,  one  of  the  early  "wildcat" 
promotions,  closed  down  for  a  number  of 
years,  has  been  reopened  and  has  become 
a  regular  shipper. 

Grant  County 

Two  lead  prospects  which  are  being  de- 
veloped in  the  vicinity  of  Cafion  City 
and  which  are  the  only  lead  properties 
so  far  opened  in  eastern  Oregon,  are 
showing  most  satisfactory  results,  one 
carload  of  ore  having  recently  been  ship- 
ped, running  17  per  cent.  lead. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1031 


Ben  Harrison — This  property,  in  the 
Greenhorn  district,  has  recently  been  ac- 
quired by  persons  associated  with  the 
Lima  Locomotive  Works,  of  Lima,  Ohio, 
and  the  erection  of  surface  buildings  and 
installation  of  plant  is  under  way,  and 
preparations  for  development  through  the 
winter  are   being  made. 

Bonanza — This  property,  in  the  Green- 
horn district,  is  under  lease,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected will  operate. 

Morning — This  property,  at  Greenhorn, 
is  operating  under  lease  and  is  produc- 
ing at  the  rate  of  about  S5,000  per  month 
in  addition  to  concentrates  at  the  rate 
of  about  one  car  per  month. 

Dixie  Meadou's — The  sale  has  just 
been  completed  of  the  Dixie  Meadows 
mine,  Quartzburg  district,  to  a  New  York 
syndicate  composed  of  Messrs.  Hall- 
'inrten  &  Co.,  L.  Vogelstein  &  Co.,  Alex 
Konta  and  W.  H.  Ferry.  It  is  the  inten- 
tion to  carry  on  extensive  development 
during  the  winter  with  the  expectation 
of  erecting  a  500-ton  mill,  beginning 
work  on  the  latter  as  soon  as  weather 
conditions  in  the  spring  will  permit. 

Pennsylvania 

Bituminous  Coal 

A  syndicate  represented  by  J.  H. 
^X'eaver  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  has 
bought  a  large  area  of  coal  in  the  upper 
part  of  Cambria  county.  It  is  said  that 
the  intention  is  to  open  one  or  two  mines 
next  year.  In  the  meantime  the  Black 
Lick  branch  is  to  be  extended,  to  serve 
this  tract. 

Surveys  have  been  completed,  for  an 
extension  of  about  20  miles  of  the  Bloss- 
burg  branch  of  the  Erie  road  to  a  point 
adjoining  the  Pentleld  and  Oregon  Hill 
tracts  in  Pine  township  in  Lycoming 
county.  These  are  the  largest  unde- 
.cloped  coal  areas  in  the  northern-central 
Dart  of  the  State.  The  Erie  mines  at 
1  Blossburg  are  approaching  exhaustion, 
ind  the  new  field  will  be  opened  to  keep 
ip  the  tonnage  of  the  roads. 

South  Dakota 

Homcstake  South  Extension — This  com- 
pany  announces   that   financial   arrange- 

ents  have  been  made  to  resume  de- 
clopment.    A.  H.  Oleson  is  in  charge. 

North  Homestake — This  property,  con- 
rolled  by  Alexander  Maitland,  will  re- 
ume  development  in  January. 


■      Utah 
Box  Elder  County 

Salt  Lake  Copper — This  property,  in 
ie  Lucin  district,  is  at  present  working 
bout  25  men,  and  shipping  160  tons  of 
on  ore  daily.  A  tunnel,  now  being 
riven,  is  in  .SOO  ft.,  and  will  be  extended 
200    ft.    further    under    contract.      This 

ill  give  a  depth  of  900   feet. 

Tccoma — This  property,  near  the  Utah- 
evada  line,  is  under  bond  and  lease  to 
eadvllle  people.     A  shipment  of  silver- 


lead  ore  was  made  recently,  which  car- 
ried about  30  per  cent,  lead  and  .SI 5  in 
silver  per  ton.  The  ore  occurs  in  fissure 
veins  in  limestone,  near  the  lime-gran- 
ite contact,  and  makes  out  to  some  extent 
along   the    limestone    bedding. 

Black  Warrior — This  property  is  being 
opened  up  by  leasers  who  are  reported 
to  have  struck  some  rich  silver  pre.  The 
property  has  been  idle  for  some  time. 

Utah  Lead — Water  was  encountered  in 
the  shaft  at  150  ft.,  and  sinking  has  beem 
discontinued. 

Mineral  Mountain — This  property,  be- 
tween the  Salt  Lake  Copper  and  Tecoma, 
is  being  developed  by  Idaho  interests. 
The  ore  is  chiefly  silver-lead,  though  cop- 
per occurs  in  places.  A  tunnel  being 
driven  is  expected  to  reach  the  vein  in 
about   1000   feet. 

Juab  County 

Colorado — Work  is  being  carried  on  in 
new  territory  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
Colorado,  adjoining  the  Sioux.  A  strike 
was  made  recently  in  a  raise  from  the 
300-ft.  level,  and  has  been  opened  for  12 
ft.  This  is  100  ft.  north  of  the  Sioux 
lines,  and  will  be  followed  both  north 
and  south.  There  is  about  400  ft.  of 
ground  here,  which  is  thought  to  be  on  a 
continuation  of  the  Sioux  ore  zone,  from 
GOO  ft.  of  which  the  Sioux  produced  a 
large  part  of  its  dividends. 

Sioux  Consolidated — A  full  face  of 
silver-lead  ore  has  been  exposed  in  the 
northern  workings  between  60  and  80  ft. 
from    the    Colorado    line. 

Utah  Consolidated — This  property  has 
been  temporarily  closed  on  account  of 
lack  of  funds.  It  is  thought  that  an  as- 
sessment will  be  levied,  and  operations 
resumed.  The  showing  in  the  winze  is 
encouraging. 

Iron  Blossom — A  cave  has  been  broker* 
into  on  the  400- ft.  level  of  the  No.  3 
shaft.  This  extends  north  and  south  for 
about  350  ft.,  and  is  up  to  t50  ft.  high. 
The  bottom  is  filled  with  boulders,  and 
shows  some  ore.  A  drift  is  being  driven 
north  from  the  500-ft.  level  of  the  No.  1 
shaft  toward  the  cave,  and  has  been  in 
ore  for  300  ft.  It  is  thought  this  ore  w-ill 
connect  with  the  cave.  Copper  ore  has 
been  cut  on  the  600  level.  An  official  of 
the  company  says  that  unless  a  market  is 
soon  secured  for  the  silicious  gold-silver 
ores,  dividends  will  ceases  for  the  time 
being.  A  large  tonnage  of  this  class  of 
ore  has  been  developed.  Cyaniding  tests 
are  being  made.  The  International  smelt- 
ery is  treating  50  tons  per  day  of  ore 
from  the  Iron  Blossom  and  Colorado. 

Black  Jack — The  treasurers'  report  for 
the  year  ended  Sept.  1,  1910,  showed 
that  .$59,681  were  received  from  assess- 
ments. Other  receipts  brought  the  total 
to  $66,164.  There  was  an  .overdraft 
Sept.  1,  1909,  of  $6888  which,  with 
wages,  expenses  and  a  note  for  .S36,288, 
payable  to  the  Knight  Investment  Com- 


pany exhausted  this  balance.  There  is 
a  note  and  interest  still  due  the  Knight 
Investment  Company  of  $5851.  The. 
company  has  an  overdraft  of  $1591,  but 
there  remains  S2800  uncollected  from  as- 
sessment No.  14,  which  when  delinquent 
Nov.  17,  will  bring  in  a  balance  of  $1208. 
There  are  2517  shares  of  stock  in  the 
treasury,  purchased  at  various  assess- 
ments. The  holdings  consist  of  28  pat- 
ented claims  v;hich  have  been  developed 
through  the  Black  Jack  and  Star  shafts, 
with  approximately  38.400  ft.  of  work- 
ings. .\  strike  of  copper  ore  is  reported 
on  the   1000- ft.  level. 

Chief  Consolidated — Since  Oct.  3,  set- 
tlements have  been  received  for  seven 
lots  of  ore,  aggregating  493  tons.  The 
amount  received  after  paying  freight  and 
smelter  charges  was  $11,029,  or  an  av- 
erage of  $22.37  per  ton.  The  new  hoist 
is  not  in  operation  yet,  and  it  will  prob- 
ably be  December,  or  later  before  it  is 
ready.  Ore  running  well  in  silver  is  be- 
ing mined   from  the   1400  level. 

Centennial-Eureka — A  dividend  of  .S3 
per  share  has  been  declared.  The  United 
States  Smelting,  Refining,  and  Mining 
Company  owns  99.864  of  the  outstanding 
100,000  shares,  the  balance  being  held 
by  four  stockholders.  This  is  the  second 
dividend  paid  in  1910,  and  brings  the 
total  dividends  paid  to  .$27  per  share. 
Salt    Lake    County 

Utah  Copper — Work  has  been  started 
in  removing  the  stamps  from  three  sec- 
tions of  the  former  Boston  Consolidated 
mill.  Chilean  mills  and  Garfield  rough- 
ing tables  will  be  installed. 

Utah  Consolidated — Shipments  are  be- 
ing made  by  the  tramway  every  other 
day  to  the  International  smeltery,  as  the 
tram  will  readily  handle  the  tonnage  re- 
quired on  the  days  it  is  used.  President 
U.  H.  Broughton  and  R.  H.  Channing 
have  been  visiting  the  property.  Much 
development  is  being  done. 

Ohio  Copper — Work  of  increasing  the 
mill  capacity  will  be  started  shortly.  It 
is  reported  that  the  third  unit  of  the 
plant  will  be  equipped  with  Wall  rolls 
instead  of  Chilean  mills.  About  1700 
tons  of  ore  have  been  treated  daily. 

Montana  -  Bingham  —  The  McGuire 
claims,  near  the  mouth  of  the  lower 
tunnel  have  been  purchased  from  E. 
McCarrick.  This  will  provide  ample 
dumping  room.  Eugene  Chandler  has 
been  elected  to  the  board. 

Cardiff— From  125  to  200  tons  of  ore 
a  month  have  been  mined  from  develop- 
ment. No  stoping  has  been  attempted. 
There  are  200  tons  in  the  bins  awaiting 
ore    wagons. 

Rexall — The  tunnel  is  in  between  800 
and  900  ft.,  and  is  expected  to  cut  the 
vein  within  a  short  distance.  This  will 
give  a  depth  of  655  ft.  from  the  collar  of 
the  old  shaft.  Work  will  probably  be 
carried  on  during  the  winter. 


1032 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


Ohio  Copper—F.  Augustus  Heinze  re- 
ports that  he  has  succeeded  in  financing 
the  company  and  that  the  money  will  be 
ready  for  use  within  90  days.  The  com- 
pany's mill  will  be  completed  with  a 
portion  of  the  money  just  secured.  Man- 
ager Frank  has  ordered  18  Wilfley  tables 
to  be  sent  down  to  the  Basin  concentrator 
and  these  will  be  placed  in  the  mill  at 
once.  This  will  bring  up  the  capacity  to 
2000  tons  daily. 

SuM.MiT   County 
Daly-West— The  report  for  the  quarter 
ended'  Sept.   30,    shows   that   6669   tons 
of  ore   and   concentrates  were   marketed 
and   sold    for   S177,160.     Other   receipts, 
including  dividend   from  Little  Bell  Con- 
•=olidated   Company,   with   cash   on   hand 
June   30   of   S166,380,   brought  the   total 
to    S356,084.      The     operating     expenses 
were  SI 54,969,  and  a  dividend  of  554,000 
was  paid,  leaving  a  balance  Sept.  30  of 
S147.n4.      Operating    expenses    show    a 
profit    for   the    quarter   of   S34,734.      In- 
cluding   dividend    No.    52,    the    balance 
shows  a  loss  of  S19,265.     Production  was 
curtailed  during  September,  and  the  mill 
operated   one   shift.     Much   development 
was  done.     New  ore   was  discovered  on 
the    1550-ft.  level,  and   in  several   raises 
from   the    1800,   also   on   the    1900   level. 
The  2100  level  is  being  extended,  but  is 
not   far  enough  west  to  cut  the  ore  op- 
ened above.     The   report  states  that  de- 
velopment has  not  opened  up   any   large 
quantity  of  ore. 

American  F/ag  —  Development  has 
been  started  by  F.  V.  Bodfish  and  asso- 
ciates who  have  a  lease.  The  lower 
levels  are  being  extended,  and  have  cut 
ore  in  several  places.  During  October 
the  output  has  been  doubled.  The  pro- 
duction from  Aug.,  1904,  to  Sept.,  1908. 
amoumed  to  6130  tons  of  a  gross  value 
of  S232,879,  or  an  average  of  ^38.1- 
per  ton. "  The  ore  carries  principally  sil- 
ver and  gold,  with  some  lead. 

Little  Be//— Electrical  connections  have 
been  completed  with  the  Knight  power 
line  The  machinery  and  belting  in  the 
new  100-ton  mill  is  in  place,  and  was 
given  a  tryout  Nov.  7.  Milling  will  be 
started   soon. 

Ontario— The  Crowther  lease  has  op- 
ened new  ore  in  several  places,  and  is 
maintaining  regular  shipments. 

Thompson— A  statement  has  been  sent 
to  stockholders  giving  the  terms  for  dis- 
posing of  the  assets  of  the  company  to 
the  new  Thompson-Quincy  Consolidated 
Mining   Company.     The   special   meeting 
to  ratify  this  action  will  be  held  Nov.  30. 
The  Thompson  ground  is  so  situated  that 
it  was  not  practicable  to  work  the  prop- 
erty by  shaft  sinking  on  account  of  much 
water,    and    the    proposed    consolidation 
with   "the   West   Quincy   has  been   under 
consideration    for  over  two   years.     The 
company   will  be   capitalized   for   1,250,- 
000  shares,  of  which  the  Thompson  stock- 


holders will  receive  on  a  basis  of  four 
shares  of  Thompson-Quincy  stock  for 
every  five  shares  of  stock  now  held  in 
the  Thompson  Mining  Company.  The 
balance  of  the  stock  in  the  new  company 
will  go  to  the  West  Quincy,  Ontario, 
Dalv  and  Daly-West.  There  will  be 
425,510  shares  held  in  the  treasury. 

Washington 

Chelan    County 
Glacier  Peak— This  company,  of  Ros- 
Ivn,  is  planning  the  installation  of  a  re- 
duction plant  for  the  property  near  Lake 

Chelan. 

Ferry  County 

Lone-Pine-Surprise—Sixiy  cars  of  ore 
were  taken  last  month  from  this  prop- 
erty, comrolled  by  the  Republic  Mines 
Corporation  of  Republic. 

Mountain   Lion— Operations   are   to  be 
resumed   after   a   shut   down    of    several 
vears.  The  ore  is  low-grade,  and  the  mine 
was   closed    after   unsuccessful    attempts 
to   treat    it.     The  property    is   owned   by 
MacLaren  Brothers,  of  Montreal. 
Kittitas  County 
Skookmn    Copper— Shipments    will    be 
made  soon.     A  roadway  has  been  built  to 
Roslyn.    George  Koppen,  Roslyn,  is  pres- 
ident. 


Canada 

Ontario 
The  shipment  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended   Nov.   4.   were:      Drummond,  400,- 
000  lb  ;   Kerr  Lake,  210,501;   McKinley- 
Darragh,     210,090;     Coniagas,     192,460; 
Nipissing,  186,800;  O'Brien,  128,034;  La 
Rose     85,800;     Right    of    Way.   74,850; 
Margraves,      60,000;      Buffalo,      56,920; 
total    1,605.455  lb.     Shipmems  of  bullion 
were    as    follows:      Colonial,    1008    oz^; 
O'Brien     19  922;    Temiskaming,    19,20J, 
Nova  Scotia,  43,344;  total,  83,483  ounces. 
Work  has  been  started  by  the  Porcu- 
pine   Power   Company,   Ltd.,   on   the    de- 
velopment  of-  a   hydro-electric   plam   on 
the   Mattagami  river,  at  Sandy   Falls,  m 
the  Porcupine  district,  six  miles  from  the 
Timmins   mine.     Three   thousand    horse- 
power   in    generators    has    been    ordered 
from   the    Canadian   Westinghouse   Com- 
pany, Ltd.,  and  turbines  of  like  capacity 
from  the  S.  Morgan  Smith  Company,  oi 
York    Penn.    This  plant  will  be  in  opera- 
tion bv  June,  1911.     Current  will  be  gen- 
erated at  a  pressure  of  1200  volts  and  a 
frequency  of  25  cycles  per  second.     J.  B. 
Holden,  Toronto,  and  H.  D.  Symes,  Niag- 
ara Falls,  Ont.,  are  the  representatives  of 
the  company. 

O'Brien-U  is  stated  that  the  cyanide 
plant  is  treating  30-oz.  ore  and  making 
an    extraction    of   93.4   per   cent. 

Temiskaming-Hnung  the  nine  months 
ended  Oct.  31.  this  company  produced 
1  531,096  07..  of  silver,  426,564  of  which 
came  from  the  concemrator.  The  pro  it 
during  this  period  was  $579,364.     Profits 


for  the  past  quarter  were  at  the   rate  of 
S94,920   per   month. 

Standard  Coba//— Summonses  have 
been  served  on  the  directors  of  this  Co- 
balt company,  charged  with  having  paid  ' 
a  stock  dividend  to  the  Cobalt  Central  • 
when  they  were  unable  to  meet  the  liabil- 
ities. A  hearing  will  be  given  in  Toronto, 
Nov.  28. 

La  Rose— Another  rich  ore  shoot  has 
been  discovered  on  the  surface  of  the 
Lawson.  Underground  developments  are 
looking   well. 

,V /pissing— Drifting  on  vein  No.  73 
from  the  shaft  for  212  ft.  has  shown  con- 
tinuous ore  throughout,  averaging  6  in. 
iP  width  and  2500  oz.  silver  to  the  ton. 
A  raise  started  to  develop  this  body  ver- 
tically has  reached  25  ft.,  where  the  vein 
shows  10  in.  of  ore,  carrying  2000  oz. 
of  silver.  This  ore  is  being  opened  up 
to  the  eastward,  in  which  direction  the 
formation  is  regarded  as  favorable  for 
the  occurrence  of  additional  oreshoots. 

Wetlauifer—A  winze  put  down  for  22 
ft.  from  the  250- ft.  level  is  in  good  ore 
all  the  way,  with  a  6-inch  vein  of  high 
grade  at  the  bottom.  About  two  tons  per 
day  of  ore  running  about  3000  oz.  is  be- 
ing taken  out  in  the  course  of  develop- 
ment. A  raise  is  being  put  through  from 
the  250-ft.  level  to  the  190-ft.  level,  back 
toward  the  shaft. 

Kingsley  Chemical  and  Reduction 
Companv— This  company  is  being  or- 
ganized by  a  number  of  American  capi- 
talists, who  have  purchased  the  patented 
process  of  George  E.  Kingsley,  of  Toronto 
for  refining  zinc  ores.  It  will  have  a  cap- 
ital of  ^$2,500,000.  and  proposes  to  es- 
tablish plants  in  Montreal,  Nova  Scotia 
and  British  Columbia  for  the  treatmem  of 
lead-zinc  on  an  extensive  scale. 

Atikokan  Iron  Companv— Preparatioiis 
have  been  made  to  operate  the  company's 
blast  furnaces  at  Port  Arthur  throughout 
the  winter.  A  supply  of  coal  and  lime 
has  been  laid  in  and  the  ore  supply  will 
be  kept  up  bv  railway  communication 
with  the  mines.  Hitherto  the  furnaces 
hae  been  closed  during  the  winter. 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  and  Coal  Company— 
A  bore-hole  sunk  to  the  lower  bed  of  the 
company's  submarine  iron-ore  areas  at 
Wabana,  Newfoundland,  shows  that  the 
ore  increases  in  richness  at  depth.  The 
ore  in  the  lower  bed  is  20  ft.  thick  and 
contains  3  to  4  per  cent,  more  iron  than 
the  other  workings.  This  seam  is  provefl 
to  extend  into  the  Nova  Scotia  areas  for 
nearly  3000  feet. 

Ontario— Porcupine 
The  winter  roads  to  Porcupine  having 
now  become  available  there  is  great  ac- 
tivity in  forwarding  machinery  and  catnp 
supplies.  The  Temiskaming  &  Northern 
Ontario  railway  is  hastily  completing  the 
construction  of  a  large  freight  shed  « 
Kelso  to  accommodate  the  traffic.  There 
is  a  quantity  of  machinery  at  this  point. 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1033 


The  Dome  mine  has  placed  an  order  with 
the  Canadian  Rand  Company  for  a  12- 
drill  compressor  to  be  driven  by  steam,  to 
be  delivered  as  soon  as  possible.  The 
Timmins  has  contracted  with  the  Allis- 
Chalmers  Company  for  a  40-stanip  mill. 
The  Porcupine  Mine  Owners  Association 
states  that  the  six  Herlehy-McPharland 
claims  in  lot  5,  concessions  2  and  3,  Tis- 
dale  township,  recently  sold  to  E.  V.  Per- 
kins have  been  acquired  by  a  syndicate  of 
New  York  capitalists.  A  large  force  will 
be  put  to  work  at  once.  Seven  veins  have 
been  opened  up  one  of  which  is  8  ft.  in 
width.  The  property  is  half-way  between 
the  Rea  mines  and  the  Dome.  The  Free- 
land  claim,  adjoining  one  of  the  Arm- 
strong-AlcGibbon  groups,  has  been  sold 
to  Charles  Taylor,  president  of  the  Porcu- 
pine Gold  Syndicating  Company,  New 
■^ork.  The  Carson-Hennessy-Walker 
properties  recently  acquired  by  A.  S. 
Stewart  are  reported  as  having  been 
sold  to  British  capitalists. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 

Reports  from  Santa  Eulalia  are  to  the 
effect  that  important  finds  have  been 
made  in  new  ground  at  the  Veladrena  and 
Sin  Nombre  mines,  belonging  to  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany. 

Placeres — The  installation  of  power 
drills  is  planned  at  this  property  in  the 
Almoloya  camp.     E.  J.  Ernest  is  manager. 

Cherokee — The  remodeled  60-ton  cy- 
anide plant  at  the  mine  in  the  San  Julian 
camp,  south  of  Parral,  is  in  commission. 
Harold  D.  Higgins  is  manager. 

Bieii  Veriido — A  gasolene  power  plant 
is  being  set  up  at  this  Santa  Barbara  mine 
and  the  purchase  of  additional  machinery 
is  planned. 

Sierra — This  company  has  secured  a 
State  concession  for  an  electric  power 
plant  at  its  Ocampo  mines.  Robert  Lin- 
ton is  superintendent. 

Guanajuato 

Guanajuato  Power  and  Electric — An 
89-mile  transmission  line  from  Guana- 
juato to  San  Luis  Potosi  has  been  com- 
pleted by  the  Central  Mexico  Light  and 
Power  Company,  a  subsidiary  concern. 
The  transmission  from  the  generating 
plant  in  Micnoacan  to  San  Luis  Potosi 
will  be  nearly  200  miles.  The  San  Luis 
power  plant  was  purchased  for  STOO.OOO. 
The  new  line  is  delivering  power  to  the 
Providencia  San  Juan  de  la  Luz  mines  in 
the  San  Felipe  camp  of  Guanajuato,  and 
later  power  will  be  supplied  to  the  Pinos 
district  of  Zacatecas  and  the  San  Pedro 
district  of  San  Luis  Potosi. 

El  Monte — A  recent  shipment  of  about 
one-half  ton  of  gold  ore  was  paid  for  at 
'he  rate  of  132,000  pesos  a  ton!  Five 
jarrastres  are  working,  and  high-grade  ore 
's  being  steadily  shipped.  The  owners 
ire  Mexicans. 


Pasadena — E.  A.  Montgomery,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  the  principal  owner,  will 
organize  a  company  to  acquire  this  prop- 
erty. Additional  power  has  been  pro- 
vided and  a  double-compartment  shaft  is 
being  put  down  at  a  rate  of  six  meters 
weekly.     It  is  now  duwn  300  feet. 

Jalisco 

Carrizo  Copper  Company — The  con- 
centrating plant  at  the  San  Felipe  mines, 
Ayutia  district,  enlarged  to  a  capacity  of 
100  tons  daily,  is  in  commission.  A  new- 
steam  hoist  is  being  installed  at  the 
mines.  The  30-ton  smelter  of  the  Carrizo 
company  at  Ayutia  will  be  blown  in  soon 
to  treat  company  concentrates  and  smelt- 
ing ores,  and  ores  from  other  mines. 

Los  Reyes — English  interests  have 
bonded  these  mines,  in  the  San  Sebastian 
district.  They  have  been  owned  by  a 
Guadalajara  company  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  several  bonanzas  have  been 
taken  out.  A  cyanide  plant  was  installed 
two  years  ago. 

Mexico 

El  Oro.  Ltd. — During  October  the  mill 
crushed  31,160  tons;  yielding  bullion, 
^200,000.  The  working  expenses  were 
S89,630,  and  expenditure  on  development 
S22,460.  The  mining  profit  was  888,410, 
and   profit  on  railway,  S4000. 

Mexico  Mines — In  October  the  mill 
crushed  11,780  tons;  yielding  bullion, 
S13 1,070.  The  working  expenses  were 
S43,200,  and  the  expenditure  on  develop- 
ment SI 2,700,  and  the  profit,  ,S75,170. 

San  Luis  Potosi 
The  American  Smelters  Securities 
Company  is  adding  a  500-ton  furnace  to 
the  Matehuala  plant.  This  will  raise  the 
smelting  capacity  to  800  tons.  The  new 
furnace  will  be  blown  in  early  in  1911. 

SONORA 

Grcene-Cananea — Dr.  L.  D.  Ricketts, 
general  manager;  H.  E.  Kirk,  mine  su- 
perintendent; F.  J.  Strachan,  superintend- 
ent of  concentrating,  and  A.  C.  Cole, 
smelter  superintendent,  have  gone  to  in- 
spect the  mines  and  works  of  the  copper 
concerns  in  Montana  and  the  Lake  Su- 
perior region.  The  trip  is  partly  to  col- 
lect data  that  will  be  an  aid  in  outlining 
the  construction  work  at  Cananea  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

West  Coast  Mexican  Oil  Company — 
This  company  has  been  financed  in  Eng- 
land to  explore  oil  prospects  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  Sonora. 

Lampazos — An  adit  tunnel  is  being 
driven  at  the  principal  mine  of  this  com- 
pany, in  the  Mocetzuma  district. 

Nacozari  Consolidated — The  following 
officers  were  elected:  J.  G.  Alexander, 
president;  J.  C.  Leon,  vice-president;  and 
John  Gaughran,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

Juanita — This  property,  owned  by  the 
Pattison-Shattuck  interests,  is  being  de- 
veloped by  a  200-ft.  shaft,  over  which  a 
steam-hoist  is  to  be  placed. 


Cadena  de  Cobre — A  stock  sale  will  be 
made  by  this  company  to  raise  funds  for 
development. 

Zacatecas 

Santa  Rosa — Volney  D.  Williamson,  of 
Spokane,  is  in  New  York  to  close  nego- 
tiations with  the  Exploration  Company, 
Ltd.,  of  London,  for  two  mines  in  the 
Concepcion  del  Oro  camp  incorporated  as 
the  Santa  Rosa  and  the  Santa  Rosa' De- 
velopment companies.  They  were  ac- 
quired years  ago  by  the  late  V.  M.  Cle- 
ment, of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan 
mines,  and  Mr.  Williamson.  The  bond 
was  given  some  time  ago  and  nearly 
S200,000  has  been  spent  on  the  property 
by  the  Exploration  company. 

Proano — Sampling  of  the  old  mines  of 
the  Cerro  de  Proano  is  in  progress  by 
the  Towne  ipterests  preliminary  to  the 
erection  of  a  cyanide  plant.  The  Fresnillo 
is  a  Towne  enterprise,  and  has  been  for 
several  years  treating  the  tailings  from 
the  old  Proano  patio  by  lixiviation. 

San  Carlos — Shipments  of  bullion,  av- 
eraging 14,000  pesos  weekly,  are  being 
made  from  this  gold  property  at 
Mezquital  del  Oro. 


Africa 

Transvaal 
Gold  production  in  October  is  reported 
at  653,147  oz.,  the  highest  monthly  re- 
turn this  year.  It  was  6248  oz.  more  than 
in  September  and  51,731  oz.  more  than 
in  October,  1909.  For  the  10  months 
ended  Oct.  31  the  total  gold  reported  is 
6,077.790  oz.  in  1909,  and  6,250,534  oz.— 
or  3129,198,538— in  1910;  an  increase  of 
172,744  oz.  this  year. 


Australia 

Western  Australia 
Gold  production  in  October  was  131,- 
299  oz.,  or  7067  oz.  more  than  in  Septem- 
ber. For  the  10  months  ended  Oct.  31,  the 
total  was  1,319,799  oz.  in  1909,  and  1,225,- 
304  oz.— or  825,327,034— in  1910;  a  de- 
crease of  94,495  oz.  this  year. 


South    America 
Peru 

Ferrohamba — This  British  company 
has  five  properties  of  220  acres  in  the 
Department  of  Apurimac,  40  miles  from 
the  railroad  terminus  at  Cuzco.  Exten- 
sive development  is  being  done.  The  ore 
is  copper  with  silver  and  gold.  W.  E. 
Gordon  Firebrace  is  manager,  and 
Claude  Vautin,  engineer. 

Aporoma  Goldfields,  Ltd. — This  is  a 
British-French  company,  operating  at 
Aporoma,  Province  of  Sandia,  Depart- 
ment of  Puno,  1,S5  miles  from  Tirapata, 
on  the  Southern  Railway  of  Peru,  on  the 
eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  7000  ft.  The  Andes  are  crossed 
by  a  pass  16,800  ft.  high.  Hydraulicking 
is  being  done  under  a  head  of  from  200 
to  400  ft.  G.  Allen  Crane,  of  London,  is 
engineer  and  manager. 


I 


1034 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


y' 


x^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
S t o c k s ,  Condition^^ilA_C^^^5^^1^i^^ 


Coal  Trade  Review 

New  \ork,  Nov.  16— In  the  West  the 
car  supply  seems  to  be  the  moving  ques- 
tion at  present.  There  is  coal  enough 
and  a  good  demand  almost  everywhere, 
but  the  difficulty  is  the  moving  it  from 
mines  to  consuming  centers.  Complamts 
are  heard  from  all  quarters  that  mmes 
are  unable  to  fill  orders  because  they 
cannot  get  the  cars.  The  closing  of  the 
Lake  trade  in  a  week  or  so  may  give 
some  relief  by  freeing  many  cars. 

In  the  East  car  supply  is  making  some 
trouble  also,  but  to  a  much  less  extent. 
The  seaboard  trade  is  generally  in  good 
shape. 

Lake  Coal  Trade— EarWer  in  the  sea- 
son the  shippers  at  Lake  ports  complained 
of  the  dullness  of  the  coal  trade— as  they 
do  every  season.  How  Httle  foundation 
there  was  for  the  cry  this  year  is  proved 
by  the  returns  from  the  Sault.  given  else- 
where. The  coal  passing  up  to  Lake  Su- 
perior up  to  Nov.  1  showed  an  increase  of 
3,643,556  tons,  or  43.8  per  cent. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Coal  tonnage  originating  on  lines  of 
the  Southern  railway  .eight  months  ended 
Aug.  31  was:  Tennessee  district,  799,- 
426;  Alabama  district,  2,021,125;  total, 
2,820.551  short  tons,  an  increase  of  454,- 
545  tons  ,or  19.2  per  cent.,  over  last  year. 

Coal  receipts  at  Boston,  10  months 
ended   Oct.  31,  reported  by  Chamber  of 


10  momhs  ended  Oct.  31  the  totals  were, 
in  long  tons: 


Reading 

Lehigh  Valley. 
N.  J.  Central... 
Larkawanua... 
Del.  &  Hudson 


Erie. 


1909. 

9,556,.'i41 

8,-i;i4,4l:i 


1910. 

9,92S,'.14" 
9,l'i5.7-2:) 


Changes. 


6'417,449  6,897,831 

7,7-13.873  7,88r,,-257 

,,„,    „„,.„., 4,980,449  6,354,635 

Pennsylvania....    4.770.738  4,890.977 


•2,285,511 


372,40i: 
891, :«0 
4511, 3S2 
l:i2,:)s4 
374.  i«i: 
1211, 2:t9 
55.291 
39,1517 


N.  Y.',  Ont.&West.    2,245,894 

Tot,al 60.166,647     52,60'2,462      1.2,435.81 

The  total  increase  was  4.9  per  cent. 
All  the  companies  show  increases,  the 
larger  gains  being  on  the  Lehigh  Valley 
and  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey. 

Coal  tonnage  of  the  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  railway  three  months  of  fiscal  year 
from  July  1  to  Sept.  30,  short  tons: 


Kew  River ■ 

Kanawha 

Ki-ntiu-ky   

Ciiunecting  lines... 


Coal. 
1.944,574 
1,959,667 

218,630 
23,049 


Coke.  Total. 

77,193  2,021.767 

16,877  1,975.544 

218.630 

7',624  30,673 

100,694  4.246,014 

107,040  3,746.190 


Commerce: 


1909, 
i,4J5.no' 


1910. 
1,486,5;)7 


2,963,200    3,4.82.447 


Changes 
I,  71.530 
I,  519,247 


..  4,378,207    4.968,981 
,,      192,953        347,164 


4,571,160    5,216.148      I,  644,988 


Anthracite. 

Bituminous  , 

Total  domestlo. 
Foreign 

Total ■• 

The  foreign  coal  is  almost  all  from 
Nova  Scotia  mines. 

Anthracite  shipments  by  Lake  from 
Buffalo  in  October  were  426,250  tons. 
For  the  season  to  Nov.  1  the  total  was 
3,150,280  tons,  an  increase  of  729,905 
tons,  or  30.2  per  cent.,  over  last  year. 

Coal  passing  through  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
canals,  season  to  Nov.  1,  short  tons: 

1909.  1910.         Changes. 

1,106.097      1,411,34.5      T.     305.218 
7,210,733    10,549,041      I.  3.338.308 


Total 4,145.920 

Total,  1909 3.639,150 

Total  increase  this  year,  500,424  tons, 
or  13  4  oer  cent.  Deliveries  to  points 
west  of  mines,  this  year,  2,667,919  tons 
coal  and  44,887  coke;  points  east,  364,- 
062  tons  coal  and  38,689  coke;  tidewater, 
1.110,098  tons  coal  and  13,641  coke;  an- 
thracite to  line  points,  3841  tons. 

New  York 

Anthracite 

;Vov.  16— Cool  weather  keeps  up  and 
domestic  trade  is  steady.  Steam  coal  is 
in  a  little   better  demand. 

For  large  sizes  schedule  prices  are 
S4  75  for  broken  and  S5  for  egg,  stove 
and  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 
For  steam  si^es  current  quotations  are. 
Pea  .-53ra3.25;  buckwheat,  S2.10r<(  2.50; 
No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice,  51.65(0  2;  barley, 
S\.35'<i  1.50;  all  according  to  quality,  f,o.b. 
New  York  harbor.  Occasionally  lots  of 
individual  or  washery  pea  and  buckwheat 
can  be  picked  up  at  5  or  10c.  below 
quotations. 

Bituminous 


Anthracite  .... 

Bituminous...  

Tntal 8,316.830    11,900,380      I.  3,043,5,10 

The  total  increase  this  year  over  1909 
has  been  43.8  per  cent. 

Anthracite  coal  shipments  in  October 
were  5,622,095  long  tons;  being  654,579 
tons  more  than  in  September  and  42,336 
tons  more  than  in  October,  1909,    For  the 


The  market  is  still  in  good  condition 
and  a  fair  business  is  reported  at  tide- 
water. Coal  is  not  going  West  quite  as 
freely,  but  some  is  still  being  taken  for 
that  trade. 

There  are  still  complaints  about  car 
supply,  especially  in  the  all-rail  trade. 
Transportation  is  not  quite  so  good  as  it 

has  been. 

Prices  are  firm.  Gas  coals  sell  at 
S1.05r,(1.10  at  mine  for  -l^-in.,  95c.f?TSl 
for  run-of-mine  and  70c.  for  slack.  Low- 
volatile  steam  coals  bring  S2.70r((  2.75, 
New  York  harbor,  for  the  lower  grades, 


and  up  to  S2.90r,T3  for  better  qualities. 
In  the  coastwise  vessel  market  rates 
are  firm  with  an  upward  tendency.  Cur- 
rent quotations  are  on  a  basis  of  70fi/80c. 
from  Philadelphia  to  Boston  and  Port- 
land; 60r<(65c.  from  New  York  to  points 
around  Cape   Cod. 

Birmingham 
l^ov.  14— There  is  a  strong  demand 
for  coal  and  the  mines  are  operating  on 
full  time  in  all  parts  of  the  State.  There 
is  considerable  development  now  under 
way  and  early  in  the  coming  year  two  or 
three  new  mines  will  be  in  condition  to 
shop.  Much  coal  is  being  shipped  out  of 
the  district.  In  addition  to  the  market  in 
New  Orleans  sales  have  been  made  in  the 
Southwest.  Development  in  coal  lands  is 
going  on  in  Jefferson.  St.  Clair,  Cullman 
and  Walker  counties. 

Coke  is  in  strong  demand  and  the  make 
is  being  kept  up.  The  local  consumption 
of  coke  is  heavy. 

Better  coal  and  coke  prices  prevail 
now  than  have  been  in  effect  in  this 
section  in  years.  Orders  in  hand  or  in 
sight  warrant  the  belief  that  a  steady 
operation  of  mines  and  ovens  will  be 
kept  up  through  the  coming  year. 

Chicago 

Nov.    15— The    coal   market   continues 
firm   and   rather  quiet  in  the  absence  of 
any  decided  weather  change.    Supplies  of 
retailers    and    consumers    continue    low, 
nearly   all   the   buying  being    for  current 
needs   without   regard   to   storage.     It   is 
safe   to   say   that   the    market   will   con- 
tinue firm  until  some  decided  change  oc- 
curs in  weather  or  supply  conditions.    In 
the     steam-coal    market    screenings     are 
particularlv     strong     and     Western   coals 
irore  than  hold  their  own  against  the  ad- 
v.-ntage  gained  bv  Eastern  in  the  long  pe- 
riod  during   which   Western   mines   were 
closed.    Yet  the  demand  for  Eastern  coals 
is  good  and  steady  and  prices  hold  firm 
in  the  absence  of  overshipments,  which 
hardlv  exist  anywhere, 

Illinois  and  Indiana  sell  on  cars  for  the 
following  nrices:  Lump  and  egg,  S2,10@ 
3;  run-of-mine,  Sl.OOfri  2.20;  screenings. 
1^1  25(ii  1  75.  Smokeless  brings  53.30  for 
run-of-mine  and  53  95  for  lump  and  egg, 
list  prices.  Hocking  holds  firmly  to  ^3.40, 
with  supplies  rather  scarce.  Anthracite 
sales  are  large,  with  chestnut  scarce. 


Cleveland 

Nov.  14— Cold  weather  has  still  fuN 
ther  livened  up  domestic  trade,  so  that 
dealers  have  hard  work  to  meet  the  de- 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1035 


mand.  Steam  trade  is  also  good.  There 
is  still  coal  going  up  the  Lakes.  Car  sup- 
ply continues  short,  and  coal  is  not  com- 
ing as  fast  as  it  is  wanted. 

Prices  are  unchanged  nominally,  but 
premiums  of  5  or  10c.  are  paid  in  some 
cases  where  deliveries  are  urgently 
needed.  Pocahontas  coal  is  especially 
scarce. 


Indianapolis 
Nov.  14 — The  activity  of  mines  con- 
tinues and  nearly  all  are  fully  employed. 
The  only  drawback  is  in  the  car  supply, 
which  still  continues  uncertain  and  in 
poor  shape.  Railroads  are  holding  cars 
on  their  own  lines  as  closely  as  possible. 
Prices  locally  are  advancing. 

Pittsburg 

Nov.  15 — Cutting  of  coal  prices  has 
increased  and  the  market  can  easily  be 
quoted  at  5c.  per  ton  less  than  hitherto 
without  touching  the  extreme  prices 
which  are  made  occasionally.  The  cut- 
ting is  due  to  the  close  of  the  Lake  sea- 
son and  general  quietness  in  industrial 
circles.  Slack,  however,  is  stronger  than 
formerly,  production  being  greatly  re- 
duced on  account  of  the  cessation  of 
Lake  shipments,  as  screened  coal  is  used 
exclusively  in  the  Lake  trade.  Prices 
quoted  are  5c.  less  than  formerly,  ex- 
cept on  slack:  Mine-run  and  nut,  SI. 15; 
•K-in.,  S1.25;  IJ4-in.,  S1.40;  slack,  82K' 
(ffSSc.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke — Coke  operators 
have  been  seriously  disturbed  by  the 
widespread  offerings,  as  noted  in  last 
report,  of  furnace  coke  at  very  low 
prices,  down  to  SI. 30,  and  a  meeting  has 
been  held  in  Uniontown  to  discuss  the 
position.  The  low-priced  offerings  have 
been  largely  Vv'ithdrawn,  but  the  market 
is  only  nominally  higher  as  with  an  en- 
tire absence  of  demand  from  furnaces  it 
would  be  impossible  to  market  coke  at 
the  old  prices.  So  far  as  known  all  the 
furnaces  operating  are  covered  to  the 
end  of  the  year.  Negotiations  for  next 
vear  have  not  reached  a  serious  stage. 
We  quote  standard  grades,  at  ovens: 
Prompt  furnace,  S1.40rt/  1.50;  contract 
furnace,  Sl.lSCi  1.85;  prompt  foundry,  -^2 
'"2.10;   contract   foundry,  S2.25''./ 2.50. 

The  Courier  reports  production  in  the 
Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville  re- 
gion in  the  week  ended  Nov,  5  at  340,- 
556  tons,  a  decrease  of  7000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  3428  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5647 
cars  to  points  west  and  747  cars  to 
points  east,  a  total  of  9822  cars. 

St.  Louis 
Nov.  14 — The  weather  has  been  a  little 
more  like  winter  during  the  last  few 
days  and  as  a  consequence  the  retail 
business  has  shown  a  marked  improve- 
ment. Prices  on  the  lower  grades  have 
stiffened  materially  and  Standard  coal  is 
in  much  better  demand.     The  dealer  de- 


mand, however,  Tias  been  very  good 
throughout  and  the  main  reason  for  the 
advance  is  undoubtedly  the  car  situation, 
which  seems  to  be  getting  worse  daily. 
While  all  the  railroads  are  diligently 
guarding  their  equipment  and  will  scarce- 
ly let  their  cars  move  off  their  own  rails, 
yet  the  supply  on  hand  seems  to  be 
steadily  diminishing.  While  the  demand 
in  the  city  of  St.  Louis  is  good  and  the 
prices  fairly  low  on  account  of  the  em- 
bargoes, the  demand  in  the  country  is  ex- 
tremely good  and  prices  prevailing  are  a 
great  deal  higher  than  those  locally. 

The  prices  of  screenings  seem  to  be 
just  a  trifle  better  than  -they  were,  which 
is  the  first  improvement  shown  in  three 
months.  There  has  been  comparatively 
little  coal  offered  on  the  open  market 
this  week,  the  car  supply  having  been  so 
bad  that  the  average  mine  could  scarcely 
keep  up  with  contract  business. 

Current  prices  on  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 

St. 

Il!iui>i.s,  Stancl.ird.  Mine.  Louis. 

(i-iii.   lump   nnd  ogg .$l.(;i)  .1:2.12 

2-ii!.    lump 1.2(1  l.(!0 

^tiIle■^un     1 .00  1  ..52 

Screenings     0.30  1.02 

Trenton  : 

t'lin.    lump   ami  egg 2.nO  3.02 

;i-in.    nut 2.00  2.52 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive : 

6-in.    lump l.SO  l.:)2 

2-in.   lump 1.7.',  2.27 

-Mine-i'un    1 .20  1 .72 

Screenings     (),(io  1.12 

("artervillo  : 

()-in.   lump  01-  egg 2.00  2.07 

•'{■in.  nut 2.00  2.07 

Mine-run    1.2:")  1.02 

Screenings     0.7.5  1.42 

i'ocalinntas  and  New  River: 

I-nmp   (tr  egg 2.2.5  4.7.5 

Mine-run     1.25  .3.75 

Pennsylvania   Antliraclte  : 

Nut.  stove  or  egg 0.05 

•  irate    G.70 

Arkansas  Antliraeite : 

I'^gg  or   fJrate 2.35  5.:i5 

(■o!;f> : 

Ponni'llsville    foundr.v 5.10 

Cas    house " l.lHi 

Smitliing    4.15 

Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  below 
St.  Louis  quotations. 

Anthracite — The  market  has  been  ac- 
tive and  jobbers  have  not  been  able  to 
c"tch  up  with  their  orders  for  some  time. 
Stocks  in   the   hands  of  dealers  are   all 


Coal 

Brown  coal. .. 


I'.KK).  1910.  Changes 

.  llll,;ttl(.'.)SI     112,74CI,-2l!(i       I.  a,4l»),'2«) 
.    4'.),'.I'.I<.I,'J«7      49,Uau,(iU7     D.       G9.38U 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


German  Coal  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  fuel  in  Germany  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  metric  tons: 

Exports.  Imports.  Excess. 

foal 17,114.5)47  R.o.in.TW  Exp.    B.KH.im 

Brown  coal...        45,7fl*  6,4i5S.R07  Imp.   ri,4i:toiil 

Coke 2.fl8a,n8a  tlR.Cm  Exp.    2.'iOI!')4K 

Briquets 1.4I9.00.'>  ir.T.llill  Exp.    1,2r,l.Klli 

Total 21,.5(i2.n7n    14.1«2,39-i     Exp.    7.200 '2H4 

Total,  1909..  20,4815,015    15,390,198     Exp.    5.088,817 

reports  this  year  included  49,740  tons 
of  coke  to  the  United  States. 

German  Coal  Production — Coal  pro- 
duction of  German  Empire  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  metric  tons: 


Total  mlnoU..  10O,2:>l),9<i8    102,670,873      1,2.3:10.905 

Coko  made ir>,773,2UG      17,331,043     I.  l,57B,:!:to 

Brl(iUBts  made.     l:),929.183      14.33(1,053      I.     407,477 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year"  11,- 
078,847  tons  were  made  from  brown  coal 
or  lignite. 

Welsh  Coal  Trade — -Messrs.  Hull, 
BIythe  &  Co,,  London  and  Cardiff',  re- 
port prices  of  coal  as  follows  on  Nov.  4: 
Welsh  steam  coal,  S3.96;  seconds,  S3. 78; 
thirds,  ,S3.54;  dry  coals,  S3.6C;  best  Mon- 
mouthshire, S3.54;  seconds,  S3.36;  best 
steam  smalls,  S2.40;  seconds,  $2.16. 
Prices  are  advancing  on  account  of  labor 
troubles.  All  prices  are  per  long  ton, 
f.o.b.  shipping  port,  less  Z'A  per  cent, 
discount. 


ss}\  IRON  TRADE'REVIEW   S 


New  York,  Nov.  16 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  show  no  important  change,  but 
there  is  rather  an  increase  in  activity  in 
many  lines.  More  buying  seems  to  be  in 
order,  but  there  is  still  some  hesitation 
over  prices. 

In  pig  iron  there  is  more  demand  for 
foundry  iron  in  seaboard  territory,  and 
apparently  more  disposition  of  buyers 
and  sellers  to  come  together  on  next 
year's  business.  Southern  furnaces  are 
trying  hard  to  keep  up  prices,  but  some 
of  them  are  willing  to  shade  the  standard 
which  has  been  set  up  of  $11.50,  Birm- 
ingham, for  No.  2  foundry.  In  the  Cen- 
tral West  basic  pig  has  been  more  active 
and  prices  seem  to  be  a  shade  firmer. 

In  finished  material  structural  steel  is 
slowing  down  a  little,  as  might  be  ex- 
pected at  this  season.  In  other  lines  there 
is  little  change.  It  has  been  found  nec- 
essary to  start  up  again  some  of  the  tin- 
plate  mills  which  were  recently  shut 
down. 

The  Southern  consolidation,  which  has 
been  talked  about  for  some  time,  is  grad- 
ually taking  shape.  English  interests  in 
the  Southern  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  of 
Alabama,  are  pressing'  the  matter,  and  it 
has  been  taken  up  by  the  banking  house 
of  Ladcnburg.  Thaiir.an  &  Co.,  of  New 
\nrk. 

Pig  Iron  Production — The  statements 
of  the  blast  furnaces,  as  collected  and 
published  by  the  Iron  Age,  show  that  on 
Nov.  1  there  were  231  coke  and  anthracite 
stacks  active,  having  an  aggregate  daily 
output  of  65,800  tons;  a  decrease  of  1700 
tons  from  Oct.  1.  Making  allowance  for 
the  charcoal  furnaces,  the  estimated  pro- 
duction of  pig  iron  in  October  was  2,- 
116,500  tons;  for  the  10  months  ended 
Oct,  31  it  was  23,528,500  tons. 

Steel  Corporation  Orders — The  state- 
ment of  unfilled  orders  of  the  United 
States  Steel  Corporation  shows  a  total  on 
the  books,  Oct.  31,  of  2,871,949  tons;  a 
decrease  of  286,1,S7  tons,  as  compared 
with  Sept.  30.    A  paragraph  accompany- 


1036 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


ing  the  statement  says:  "This  tonnage, 
apparently,  is  the  smallest  amount  evei 
shown  on  the  books,  but  the  comparison 
is  somewhat  misleading  because  the  basis 
has  been  changed  to  show  only  orders  re- 
ceived from  companies  outside  of  our 
own  interests.  On  the  old  basis  the 
showing  would  be  3,583,990  tons  as  of 
Oct.  31,  1910.  The  low  figures  hereto- 
fore shown  were  3,027,000  tons  as  of 
Sept.  30,  1904,  but  on  the  present  basis 
they  would  have  shown  2,434,736  tons. 
Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore — Shipments  of 
iron  ore  from  the  Lake  Superior  ports  in 
October  were  4,877,441  long  tons,  a  de- 
crease of  1,748,360  tons  from  October, 
1909.  For  the  season  to  Nov.  1  the  total 
shipments  were,  in  long  tons: 


ation    in    the    Southern    territory.       The 
scrap-iron  market  is  still  very  dull. 


Port. 
EscaiiciDa. . 
Marquette. 


1S(J9. 
4,930.;nl 
2,507,71-2 
3,13(i.275 
6,717,454 


1010. 
4,5Im  51 


D.  4:'.-,  t5i 

2,l«l>~.5li:i    I.  4'.«l,7ili 

3,!<17,t;U'.l    I.  (Wl.Sy* 

54    I.  ■J,i)54,HOO 


Ashlaud . 

Superior -,      . 

Dululh        11,850,03H    13,0S'J,2(i'2    I.    l,2;i'.l,224 

Two  Harbors 8,0112,884      7,703.103  D.       32'.).781 

Total 311,2115.334    39,1178,308    I.    3,712,974 

This  year  the  three  ports  handling 
Mesabi  and  Vermilion  range  ores  shipped 
71.7  per  cent,  of  the  total;  28.3  per  cent, 
passing  through  the  ports  serving  Old 
Range  mines.  The  total  increase  this  year 
was  10.2  per  cent. 


Baltimore 
mov.  14 — Exports  for  the  week  include 
933.300  lb.  spelter  and  3,953,300  lb.  steel 
billets  to  Liverpool;  1001  tons  steel  rails 
and  57  tons  rail  joints  to  Cuba.  Im- 
ports include  165  tons  ferromanganese 
and  500  tons  manganese  ore  from  Ger- 
many; 5100  toni  manganese  ore  from 
Brazil;  21,000  tons  iron  ore   from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 
Nov.  14 — While  selling  has  not  yet 
started  in,  a  better  feeling  prevails  in  the 
Southern  pig-iron  market.  There  is  a 
steady  line  of  inquiries  still  reported.  The 
manufacturers  are  inclined  to  hold  at 
SI  1.50  per  ton.  No.  2  foundry,  delivery 
during  the  first  three  months  of  1911. 
Some  of  the  larger  consumers  have  made 
inquiry  for  $11  iron,  but  so  far  no  will- 
ingness has  been  shown  to  sell  at  that 
price.  There  arp  '' -.  ■^a  es  being  made 
now  for  imnr-d'.a-.  dvuvery.  Consider- 
able iron  is  moving  yet,  though  less  than 
the  production.  There  has  been  at  least 
12,000  tons  of  iron  added  to  the  accumu- 
lated stocks  in  the  last  30  days.  A  little 
iron  has  been  moving  from  this  territory 
for  export. 

The  inquiries  for  pig  iron  are  for  next 
year's  delivery,  during  the  first  half  of 
the  year. 

Alabama  furnaces  made  161,294  tons 
of  pig  iron  in  October  against  176,266 
tons  the  same  month  in  1909.  The  pig 
iron  production  the  10  months  of  the 
present  year  is  given  at  1,596,553  tons 
against  1,350,765  tons  for  the  same  pe- 
riod last  year. 

No  change  is  reported  in  the  steel  situ- 


Chicago 

Nov.  15 — With  some  rather  large  sales 
of  pig  iron  in  the  last  week,  the  market 
has  stiffened.  Southern  iron  obtained  a 
share  of  the  increase  in  sales  and  holds 
to  SI  1.50,  Birmingham,  or  SI  1.85  Chi- 
cago, quite  generally  now,  though  some 
iron  is  yet  obtainable  at  Sll,  especially 
on  delivery  in  December  and  January. 
The  increase  in  the  sales  of  Northern 
foundry  iron  has  been  notable  and  has 
caused  general  reluctance  of  selling 
agents  to  name  less  than  S16.50  for  first- 
half  delivery.  Yet  no  boom  appears  at 
hand:  the  average  buyer  is  not  yet  con- 
vinced that  it  is  time  for  him  to  buy  heav- 
ily a."-.2  keeps  his  purchases  under  the 
5C0-ton  mark.  Some  of  the  large  inter- 
ests, however,  are  either  buying  liberally, 
or  are  figuring  on  liberal  purchases  soon. 
The  sale  of  charcoal  iron  is  notably  good 
at  $\8f(i  18.50.  Malleable  iron  is  in  con- 
siderably better  demand. 

Iron  and  steel  products  find  a  quiet  but 
firm  market  with  railroad  and  structural 
material  sales  showing  improvement. 
Coke  sales  are  light,  with  the  best  Con- 
nellsville  holding  to  S4.90,  Chicago. 

Cleveland 

Nov.  14 — Iron-ore  shipments  are  drop- 
ping off  and  not  much  over  2,000,000 
tons  is  expected  in  November.  This,  with 
the  rail  shipments,  will  bring  the  season 
total    up    to    about   43,000,000   tons. 

Pig  Iron — Some  fair-sized  sales  and  a 
number  of  inquiries  are  reported.  Lower 
quotations  on  bessemer  have  been  dropped 
and  basic  is  also  a  little  firmer.  Current 
prices,  Cleveland  delivery,  are  S15.90  for 
bessemer;  314.25'((  14.40  for  basic; 
S14.25r<(  14.50  for  No.  2  foundry;  S14  for 
gray   forge. 

Finished  Material — The  local  market  is 
quiet.  Prices,  however,  are  rather  firm, 
except  on  sheets,  where  there  is  still  some 
shading.  Plates  are  held  at  1.35r<(  1.40c. 
and  bars  at   1.40c.,  both  Pittsburg  base. 


Southern  makers  are  on  the  war  path  for 
prospective  business.  Later  sales  for 
best  No.  2  were  made  at  S16,  with  some 
Southern  No.  2  at  a  shading  under  S15. 
Basic  is  now  SI 5,  but  the  next  sale  under 
way  will  fi\  the  market  price. 

Steel  .fiillets — Billets  are  furnished  as 
wanted  for  i.Tsmediate  use  on  the  basis 
of  prices  made  a  month  ago,  but  in  small 
lots. 

Bars — Mill  production  has  been  cur- 
tailed in  some  localities  on  account  of  an 
accumulation  of  assorted  stocks  and  no 
further  concessions  are  possible.  The 
stores  are  well  supplied. 

Sheets — An  unexpected  improvement 
has  developed  in  sheets  because  of  a 
reported  shading  from  card  rates,  but 
only  in   favor  of  large  buyers. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — There  is  no  falling 
off  in  tube  consumption  and  there  is  a 
sign  of  improving  demand  before  the 
close  of  the  year  in  the  renewal  of  con- 
tracts which  will  cover  buyers'  needs  for 
the  most  part  of  the  coming  quarter. 
Pipe  is  dull  and  but  little  business  is  in 
sight. 

Plates — Scarcely  any  plate  orders  are 
in  sight.  Most  of  the  winter  building  en- 
terprises calling  for  plate  have  been  cov- 
ered. Ship-yard  requirements  keep  up 
to  the  full  average. 

Structural  Material — The  only  large 
order  placed  in  this  territory  was  for 
material  for  a  New  England  railroad;  be- 
sides which  a  few  hundred  tons  have 
been  contracted  for  bridge  work  in  this 
State. 

Scrap — The  scrap  dealers  have  given 
up  hopes  of  unloading  their  abundant 
stock  at  present  asking  prices.  A  gen- 
eral shading  in  heavy  scrap  appears  to 
be  the  only  way  out.  The  dealers  are 
anxious  to  unload. 


Philadelphia 
Nov.  15 — The  marked  improvement  in 
the  pig-iron  industry  during  the  last  few 
days  is  due  not  so  much  to  the  actual 
sales  already  made  as  to  the  unusual 
number  of  inquiries  from  large  consum- 
ing interests  throughout  the  East  for  all 
kinds  of  iron.  Local  interests  are  about 
closing  for  3000  tons  of  foundry  and  out- 
side interests  for  considerable  more.  A 
few  lots  of  Southern  iron  have  found 
their  way  into  adjoining  territory.  The 
mills  are  buying  forge  in  trifling  lots.  In 
view  of  a  further  general  restriction 
prices  are  weak  and  buyers  generally  are 
indifferent.  New  England  buyers  are 
still  pawing  and  scratching  around  the 
market  and  do  a  little  barking,  but  wind 
up  with  small  orders  for  early  delivery. 


Pittsburg 

Nov.  15 — Sentiment  in  the  steel  trade 
was  seriously  depressed  by  the  results 
of  the  election,  but  perhaps  not  as  much 
as  might  be  assumed,  because  the  steel 
trade  on  the  whole  was  already  feeling 
very  far  from  optimistic.  The  tariff 
question  has  been  injected  into  the  situ- 
ation again,  but  the  fact  should  be  em- 
phasized that  the  trade  fears  tariff  agi- 
tation much  more  for  its  effect  upon  gen- 
eral business  than  for  any  direct  effect 
upon  the  steel  trade.  The  present  duties 
are  amply  protective  and  material  reduc- 
tions could  be  made  without  allowing  any 
large  tonnages  of  foreign  material  to 
enter.  Ths  duties  being  largely  specific 
allow  the  finer  grades  of  steel  to  enter 
to  a  limited  extent,  while  entirely  shutting 
off  the  common  grades  except  on  the 
Pacific  coast. 

The  actual  volume  of  business  being 
booked  in  steel  products  has  decreased 
somewhat  and  the  total  will  probably  de- 
crease farther,  as  much  of  the  business 


November  19,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1037 


booked  in  the  past  two  or  three  months 
has  oeen  in  seasonable  lines  like  wire 
products  and  sheets. 

Railroad  buying  has  not  e.xpanded  as 
wrs  expected,  and  some  hopes  are  being 
disappointed.  Such  orders  as  are  placed 
are  moderate,  considering  what  the  roads 
involved  formerly  bought,  and,  of  course, 
take  the  roads  out  of  the  market  for 
some  time. 

Pig  Iron — Considerable  e.xcitement  has 
been  occasioned  in  the  bessemer-iron 
market  by  a  report  widely  circulated  that 
a  lot  had  been  sold  at  the  cut  price  of 
S14.60,  Valley.  Thorough  investigation 
disclosed  the  fact  that  the  reports  re- 
ferred to  a  transaction  at  the  price  named, 
but  involving  iron  running  0.12  per  cent. 
or  less  in  phosphorus  and  0.08  per  cent. 
or  less  in  sulphur,  being  removed  from 
standard  bessemer  in  both  respects,  and 
not  being  worth  the  price  paia  As  a 
result  of  the  interchange  of  viev.-s  bes- 
semer pig  is,  if  possible,  firmer  than  it 
was  at  S15,  Valley.  Sales  are  since  re- 
ported at  this  price  of  1500  tons  to  an 
Eastern  consumer,  for  first-half  delivery, 
and  of  about  200  tons  to  a  Valley  con- 
sumer, for  immediate  delivery.  Basic  re- 
mains unquotable,  the  last  regular  sale 
having  been  at  $13,  Valley,  but  while 
furnaces  formerly  making  the  lowest 
prices  are  reported  to  be  asking  S13.75 
it  is  positively  known  that  basic  iron  has 
been  offered  as  low  as  $13.25  for  early 
delivery  without  finding  takers.  There  are 
inquiries  of  3000  tons  for  this  year  and 
of  10,000  tons  for  the  first  four  months  of 
next,  the  latter  to  go  to  Alliance.  Foun- 
dry iron  continues  to  sell  in  a  limited 
way,  at  S13.75,  Valley,  for  fair-sized  lots 
for  early  delivery,  but  occasionally  at  S14 
Valley,  for  prompt  carloads  or  larger  lots 
for  extended  delivery. 

Steel — The  market  is  lower  on  open- 
hearth  steel.  Consumption  is  fairly  large, 
but  consumers  are  well  covered  by  term 
contracts,  and  when  any  steel  becomes 
available  it  proves  to  be  difficult  to  find 
a  purchaser,  resulting  occasionally  in 
wide  cuts,  such  as  the  sale  of  500  tons  or 
more  of  open-hearth  sheet  bars  at  S24, 
delivered  Wheeling,  equal  to  S23  at  the 
maker's  mill,  which  is  near  Pittsburg.  We 
quote:  Bessemer  billets,  ,$23;  sheet  bars, 
$24;  open-hearth  billets,  $24;  sheet  bars. 
■^24.50;  rods,  .$28.50,  all  Pittsburg. 

Sheets — Sheet  business  has  tapered  off 
slightly,  and  occasional  concessions  are 
being  made  which  bring  prices  in  such 
cases  down  to  the  '  )west  done  at  the  re- 
cent low  point.  Regular  quotations  re- 
main: Black,  28  gage,  2.20c.;  galvanized, 
3.20c.;  blue  annealed,  10  gage,  1.65c.; 
painted  corrugated,  S1.60;  galvanized  cor- 
rugated, S2.80  per  square. 


closed  for  first-quarter  delivery.  The 
spot  market  is  a  trifle  slow.  Prices  show 
a  slight  inclination  to  advance.  The  min- 
imum is  now  $11.50  f.o.b.,  Birmingham, 
or  $15.25,  St.  Louis  for  No.  2  foundry. 
Some  firms  are  beginning  to  ask  a  pre- 
mium over  these  prices  on  small  lots  and 
future  deliveries. 


all  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE  g 


St.   Louis 

Nov.  14.— The  pig-iron  market  has 
been  fairly  active  during  the  week  and 
quite  a  number  of  contracts  have  been 


Russian  Iron — For  the  six  months 
ended  June  30  the  production  of  pig  iron 
in  the  South  Russian  district  was  1,010,- 
000  tons,  an  increase  of  43,000  tons  oer 
1909.  Production  of  finished  iron  and 
steel  was  797,000  tons,  an  increase  of 
105,000  tons. 

Belgian  Foreign  Trade — Exports  and 
imports  of  iron  and  steel  in  Belgium  nine 
months  ended  Sept.  30,  metric  tons: 

Exports.  Importe.        Excess. 

PiK  Irou ]l,'.i:i:)       608,016  Imp.     496,083 

OthiT    Iron    and 

Bto**! 9R9,H2        26fi.2.51  Eip.      722,891 

Total 1,001,075        774,267     Exp^     228,808 

Total,  19li;i 8.12,000        608.389     Eip.      223,611 

Imports  of  iron  ore  for  the  nine  months 
were  3,863,201  tons,  an  increase  of  666,- 
355  tons  over  1909.  Exports  were  445,- 
302  tons,  an  increase  of  121,248  tons. 


ill  METAL-  MARKETS  |f^ 


New  York.  Nov.  16— The  metal  markets 
again  show  a  slightly  improving  tendency 
in  most  lines. 

Our  index  number  for  the  metals,  cal- 
culated on  the  approximate  production 
and  sales  of  pig  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead, 
zinc  and  aluminum,  was  127  for  the 
month  of  January:  124  for  February;  118 
for  .'4arch;  118  for  April;  113  for  May; 
107  for  June;  112  for  July;  113  for  Aug- 
ust; 114  for  September;   111   for  October. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


IMTKl)     STATE.S     <;OI.D     AND     SII.VKK     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Kx  ports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

GolJ: 

Sppt.  1910.. 

$1,822,476 

S  3,481,718 

Imp.$  1,659.242 

••      1909.. 

7..M0.442 

2,.'}51.158 

Exp.      5,19.'j.'j»4 

Yl-ar  1910.. 

rM,:!l«.081 

46,971,.'ilJ4 

9,346.r,77 

■■      1909.. 

97.272,8:M 

31,10.1.393 

66,167,441 

SUvc-r: 

Sept.  1910.. 

4,8W),346 

3.152.117 

Exp.      1,67S.229 

"      1909.. 

4,;ia5,.5,32 

3,261,3!I7 

1.124,136 

roar  1910. . 

41.764,743 

.32,967,887 

"          H, 796,856 

"      1909.. 

4:j,289,ll(i 

3;).240,530 

10,048,580 

lOxports  from    Hip  port  of  Xew   York, 
ended  Nov.  li!:   "  '"    ~" 


week 


...i,.>.i>.^  1,,/ti,  11,,-  it\fi  I  iji  t-\t^\\  1  orK,  weeK 
ended  Nov.  IL':  (iold,  .$1II1.200,  ehleti.v  to  tlie 
West  Indies:  silver,  $;)n!i.:!ll.  priiul'pallv  lo 
I.onrtim.  hnporls:  (Jolil,  .<!!>!>. 4cil  ;  sliver. 
Ss,s.:;:io  Imirelv  fiom  Mi'xieo  and  Sonili 
,\nu'rlrii. 


Gold — The  price  of  gold  on  the  open 
market  in  London  showed  no  change, 
77s.  9d.  per  oz.  being  asked  for  bars  and 
76s.  5d.  per  oz.  for  American  coin.  The 
Bank  of  England  took  near  all  the  sup- 
plies. A  large  shipment  of  gold  was 
received    from   Brazil. 

Platinum — Business    continues    active. 


and  there  has  been  a  further  advance  in 
prices.  Dealers  now  ask  $39.50^/39.75 
per  oz.  for  refined  platinum  and  S44 
for  hard  metal. 

Silver — The  market  remains  compara- 
tively steady,  "^hina  is  occasionally  in 
the  market;  India  at  times  a  buyer  or 
occasionally  a  seller.  There  does  not 
seem  to  be  any  movement  of  any  mag- 
nitude on  foot  that  has  any  immediate 
bearing  on  the  trend  of  silver  for  the 
present. 


SILVER    AND    STEKLINO 

EXCHANGE 

Nov. 

10 

11 

12 

u 

16 

16 

New  York.... 

London 

Sterling  Ex.. 

65J< 

25H 

4.8676 

65  >i 

253i 

4.8560 

6G 

25  Ji 
4.8545 

65  Ji 

••i513 

4.8665 

66 

26% 

4.8555 

65% 

25(3 

4.8565 

Xew  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
line  silver :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterlins 
silver,  0.0i;5   tine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  Jan.  1  to  Nov.  3: 


India... 
China.. 
Straits.. 


1909. 
£5.282,4(H) 
1,555,200 
82,800 


1910. 

£n,9S2..'iOO 

1,143,600 


Changes. 
I.    £    700,100 
D.  411,700 

D.  82.800 


Total £6.920.400      £7,126,000      I.    £    203,600 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  16.06d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 


Gold  and  silver  movement  in  France, 
nine  months  ended  Sept.  30: 

Imports.      Exijorts.  Excess. 

Gold.Fr.  196.662.O0llFr.l40,071.O0OImp.Fr.  66.491  000 

1909..      .354,615.1X10         94.941,000  Imp.       2,50.674,000 
Sliver.       114,993,I.H10       154,91I1.IHI0  Exp.         :t9  917  000 

1909..       110,772,000       102,H8.0(KIImp.  8,624.000 

Imports  of  nickel  and  copper  coins, 
40,000  fr.  in  1909,  and  57,000  fr.  in 
1910;  exports,  890,000  fr.  in  1910,  and 
666,000   fr.  this  year. 

Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

I         Zinc. 

a 

?,^ 

15 

Mxi 

.a 

MO 

>*"^ 

k" 

(T.  ~* 

> 

^■a 

II 

a 

H 

n 

H 

=  1 

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u 

C  00 

i- 

So 

S50 

WO 

10 

(S)13 

12.V0 
(0)12. 80 

.'6% 

4.40 

4.25 
©4.30 

5.97} 
fflO.OO 

r.82J 
©5.85 

Vi% 

12.70 

4.25 

6.97! 

6.82A 
©5.85 

(Sin 

fall-i.eO 

K:i 

«.40 

©4.30 

ffl6.(V|- 

l-iV. 

12.70 

4.26 

5  97  j 

6.82i 
©6.87J 

12 

I®13 

©12.80 

SlX 

i.iO 

©4.. 36 

12% 

12.75 

4.25 

6.00 

5.85 

14 

©13 

©12.80 

35  »i 

4.40 

©4.30 

©6.06 

©5.!H) 

12,'i 

2  75 

4.25 

G  00 

5.8.-1 

15 

(S)IS 

©12.80 

»6% 

4.40 

■5)4.30 

(3)6.08 

05.911 

12% 

12.75 

4.25 

B.OO        6.85 

16 

m-i 

(3)12  80 

W>>i 

4.40 

©4.. 30 

®fl.05 

©5.90 

The  Xew  York  (piotallons  for  eleetrolvtic 
copper  nre  for  cakes,  Insols  and  wlreli'nrs. 
and  represenl  Ihe  Imlk  of  tile  I ransai'llons 
inarl'^  with  cnnsuniers.  basis  New  York.  cash. 
The  prices  nf  casllns  copper  and  of  eleetrolvtic 
cntliodes  nre  nsnnlly  0.12.".e.  Iielow  that'  nf 
eleetrolydc.  The  f|iiotnllnns  for  lead  repre- 
sent wholesale  tranfacflons  In  tlie  open  mar- 
ket. The  o'lotallons  on  .spelter  are  for 
ordinary  Western  brands ;  special  brands 
command    n    premium. 


1038 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


LONDON 


Copper. 

Tin, 

Lead, 
Span- 
ish. 

Zinc, 

s 

Spot. 

3Mos 

Best 
Sel'td 

Spot. 

3  Mos 

(irdl- 
naries. 

10 

37% 

58ft 

61« 

164K 

165 

ISA 

2i% 

11 

5Tft 

58)i 

61« 

163 

163?^ 

13>i 

2iii 

u 

oiy. 

58,»5 

61>4 

lG3>i 

164 

13,»„ 

24K 

15 

57i-S 

583i 

61M 

165K 

166 

13% 

24  IS 

16 

57}| 

58% 

62 

161% 

167Ji 

13A 

24  Ji 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  riiiota- 
tions  on  London  Metal  Hxchange.  .\11  prices 
ai-e  in  pounds  sterling  per  ton  of  :i24i)  lb. 
Ceppei-  quotations  are  tor  standard  copper, 
spot  and  three  months  ,and  for  liesi  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  being  sub.)ect  to  3 
per  cent.  disco\int.  For  couvenience  in  com- 
parison of  Loudon  prices  in  pounds  sterling 
per  224U  lb.,  with  American  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  following  approximate  ratios 
are  given:  £10  =  2.17  •jc.  ;  £12  =  2.(llc.  : 
£23  =  5e. ;    £60  =  13.04c.   ±  £1  =    ±    0.21?ic. 


Copper — The  retrograde  movement  on 
the  leading  exchanges  immediately  after 
the  elections  was  reflected  in  the  London 
standard  market,  and  in  turn  brought  about 
a  reduction  in  the  price  at  which  refined 
sorts  were  selling  in  Europe.  Domestic 
business  was  very  light  and  a  few  trans- 
actions which  took  place  were  consum- 
mated on  a  level  slightly  lower  than  last 
week.  In  the  latter  half  of  the  week, 
however,  there  was  an  improvement  and 
at  the  close  a  better  tone  prevails,  due 
to  the  betterment  in  the  standard  market 
which  took  place  in  consequence  of  the 
favorable  fortnightly  statistics,  showing  a 
decrease  of  1813  tons.  The  close  is 
steady  at  12"sC'/  13c.  for  Lake  copper, 
and  \2.15(ii  12,80c,  for  electrolytic  copper 
in  cakes,  wirebars  and  ingots.  Casting 
copper  is  quoted  nominally  at  12!jf(7' 
12S/g  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  18'</  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  XAY^c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

The  London  standard  market,  after  de- 
clining to  £57  5s,  for  spot  and  £58  5s,  for 
three  months  on  Thursday  last,  shows  a 
gradual  improvement  throughout  the 
week,  and  closes  firm  at  £57  16s,  3d,  for 
spot,  and  £58  15s.  for  three  months. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  6353  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1334  tons. 

Brass  Prices — Base  prices  of  brass,  as 
made  Nov.  10,  are  as  follows,  net:  High 
sheet  brass,  HJ^c.  per  lb,;  low  sheet, 
16c.;  high  brass  wire,  14y<c.;  low  brass 
wire,  16c,;  high  brass  rods,  14'<!.c, ;  low 
brass  rods,  16s/Jc,;  brass  tubing,  19^  sc,  for 
brazed  and  17>sC,  for  open  seam. 

Tin — Up  to  Nov,  15,  the  London  market 
was  very  dull  and  declined  from  day  to 
day.  The  reason  given  for  this  state  of 
affairs  was  the  entire  absence  of  or- 
ders  from   this  side   and   the    fear  of   a 


largely  decreased  consumption  for  the 
near  future  in  this  country.  Offers  were 
made  by  domestic  dealers  at  below  im- 
port prices,  without,  however,  finding  tak- 
ers. On  Nov.  15,  a  change  took  place  in 
the  market  upon  London's  advance  of 
about  £2  5s.  Dealings  became  more  ac- 
tive, and  the  market  closes  strong  at  £167 
7s.  6d.  for  both  spot  and  three  months, 
while  in  the  domestic  market  November 
tin  is  being  offered  at  about  36'4   cents. 

Messrs.  Robertson  &  Bense  report  re- 
ceipts of  Bolivian  tin  concentrates  at 
Hamburg,  Germany,  in  October  at  466 
metric  tons. 

The  Dutch  government  engineers  are 
planning  to  centralize  the  smelting  works 
on  the  island  of  Banka  in  one  large 
plant,  where  it  is  believed  that  the  work 
can  be  done  more  economically  than 
under  the  old  system.  A  preliminary 
grant  of  Fl.  110.000— or  $44,220— has 
been  made  for  this  purpose. 

Shipments  of  tin  from  the  Straits  to 
Europe  and  America  for  the  nine  months 
ended  Sept,  30,  were  43,289  long  tons  in 
1909,  and  40,989  in  1910;  a  decrease  of 
2300  tons. 

Lead — A  good  business  is  doing  at 
last  prices,  4,40c,  New  York,  and  4,25^(7 
4,30c,  St,  Louis, 

More  activity  is  reported  from  foreign 
centers,  which  is  reflected  in  the  London 
quotations,  which  have  advanced  to  £13 
6s,  3d,  for  Spanish  lead,  and  £13  8s,  9d, 
for  English, 

Spelter — Although  business  is  on  a 
much  reduced  scale,  prices  continue  to 
improve,  due  to  the  reserve  of  the  lead- 
ing sellers.  The  close  is  firm  at  5.856/ 
5.90c.  St.  Louis,  and  6r,(  6.05c.  New  York. 

The  London  m.arket  is  firm  and  un- 
changed at  £24  2s.  6d.  for  good  ordi- 
naries, and  £24  7s.  6d.  for  specials.  It 
has  been  reported  from  Europe  that  the 
Zinc  Convention  has  been   renewed. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.75  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

Silesian  Spelter  Market — Paul  Speier 
writes  from  Breslau,  Germany,  at  the  close 
of  October  that  business  has  been  active 
and  prices  inclined  to  be  strong.  Spelter 
is  quoted  at  48.75  marks  per  100  kg. 
f.o.b,  works  in  Silesia  for  ordinary  brands, 
prompt  delivery — equivalent  to  5.26c,  per 
lb.  Zinc  sheets  average  57  marks — 6,15c, 
per  lb.  Zinc  dust  is  quoted  44  marks  per 
100  kg. — 4.75c.  per  lb. — delivered  at 
Stettin. 

Imports  and  exports  of  spelter  and 
zinc  products  in  Germany,  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  metric  tons: 

/—Imports—,    /—Exports-., 
mnn.     1010.     1000.     loin. 

Spelter 30.0H7  20,121  B4,02.')  liR.IRl 

7iuc  scrap ],R33  1,317  4.600  4.700 

Zinc  shoots  66  IRIi  13,536  16.430 

Zinc  dust 574  1,04S  2,150  2.234 

Zinc  pigments 5,210  B,6.';2  lO.OnO  24.601 

Imports  of  2inc  ores,  153,044  tons  in 
1909,  and  774,7.33  in  1910;  exports.  35,- 
285  tons  in  1909,  and  42,719  this  year. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  has  again 
strengthened  and  the  current  quotations 
are  23'ii23'/2C.  per  lb.  for  No.  1  ingots. 
New  York.  Reports  continue  of  an 
agreement  between  the  American  pro- 
ducer and  foreign  makers. 

Antimony — Business  is  still  light.  Cook- 
son's  is  quoted  at  Sy^c.  per  lb.;  while 
7i^(C/7->4c.  is  asked  for  U.  S.,  and  TVs® 
7-5sc.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — Sales  are  reported  good. 
New  York  quotations  have  been  dropped 
SI. 50,  and  are  now  $43.50  per  flask  of  75 
lb.  for  large  lots;  $45.50 fti  46.50  for  job- 
bing orders.  San  Francisco,  843  for  do- 
mestic orders  and  S2  less  for  export.  The 
London  price  is  £8  per  flask,  with  £7  15s. 
quoted  by  second  hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
anOc.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  lOO-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business 
40((>45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-Ib.  lots  up  to  55c,  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Nov.  12 — The  highest 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was 
$46,50;  the  base  price,  60  per  cent,  zinc, 
was  S45i'a  45,50,  The  base  price  paid  for 
80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  $52  per  ton, 

SlIII'MICNTS,   WEEK   ENDED   NOV.    12. 


Camps. 


Zinc  Lead    Sulphur 

ore,  Ih.  oro,  lb.    ore,  lb. 

Platteville 080,220       404.6BO 

MineralPoint 8.52.460       

Galnua 6.->4,700       

Barker 436.680       

Benton 319.140         86,020       

Cul.aOitv 303.520  ]32,8o0         68,400 

Higlllancl 108,800  80,700        

Rewey  81.900       

HazelGreen 68,600 


Total 3,836,420        299,570        641,660 

Year  to  date 99,194,179    8.810,064  23.321,160 

Shipped   during  the   week   to   the   sep- 
arating plants,  2,783,630  lb,  zinc  ore. 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Nov.  12— The  highest 
price  paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week 
was  $49,50  per  ton,  on  a  base  price  of 
$47,50  per  ton  of  60  per  cent,  zinc.  Zinc 
silicate  ore  sold  on  a  base  of  $24f(726 
per  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average 
price  all  grades  of  zinc  ore  was  $42.80. 
The  highest  price  paid  for  lead  ore  was 
S54  per  ton  and  the  average  price  all 
grades  was  $53.68  per  ton. 

The  zinc  market  was  stronger  again 
this  week,  the  base  price  advancing  SI 
per  ton,  and  little,  if  any  ore  sold  under 
a  $45  base.  There  were  a  few  lots  of 
ore  running  3  per  cent,  and  over  of  iron 
that  brought  a  S48  base. 

Production  is  increasing  in  the  central 
camps  and  especially  in  .loplin  and  Gal- 


November  19,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1039 


ena.     The  Alba-Neck  City  camp  is  also 
producing  heavily  at  the  present  time. 

SHII'MENTS.    WEEK    EXDED   NOV.   12. 


Wfbl)  City-C'artorvilic 

J"I'1''> 

Altta-Xock 

Galena 

Miami 

OronoRo 

Grauby 

DiienweK 

Cartbaso 

SpiicffHoii 

Aurora 

CarlJnnction 

Quapaw 

Jackson 

BaUjrer 

Stmt  City 

t'avo  Springs 

Beods 


Totals  . 


Zinc    lb.  Lead  lb.     Value. 


4 .8.59.500 
2.20(;.190 
1.033.510 
825.220 
034  430 
022.440 
040.460 
423,880 
322.200 
41(1.480 
29K.(I7( 
221.(100 
253.520 
214.210 
110.380 
05.880 
49,890 
59,000 


879,780 
301,740 


13,295,910 


109.500 
319.480 
33,980 


$133,002 
58,887 
24,804 
21,470 
17,982 
14,537 
9,830 
8.850 
7,41(1 
0.104 
5.081 
5.208 
5,070 
4.712 
2,745 
1.482 
1.120 
590 


1.680,150     $329,670 


40  W(>fks. 


.518,051.000  73.770..5.50  $12,175,401 


Zinc  viihu^.  the  week.  $284,504  :  40  weeks,  $10  202. .525 
Leailv.ilHc,  the  week.     45,i(i(;;  40  weeks,     1,912.030 


MdNTiii.Y  .WEit.vcE  n:ic!;s. 


llonth. 

ZINC  OKE. 

LEAD  OBE. 

Btise  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

Januarj- 

February 

March 

April 

Ms.v 

June 

Tilly 

-Mist 

,  (ember  .. 

I'bor 

Ni'vember... 
Oecembor... 

Tear 

$41.25 

30.94 
37.40 
38.63 
40.00 
44.15 
43.00 
48.25 
47.70 
49 .  ,50 
61.31 
49.46 

$47.31 
40.09 
43.00 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39.03 
40.13 
43.46 
43.31 

$38.40 
34.37 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.54 
44.87 
46.76 
48.29 
47.67 

$45.10 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
.37.61 
37.8:) 
86.80 
37.32 
39.90 
40.50 

$52.17 
,50.. 50 
60.82 
65,03 
50. 50 
57.. 52 
53.74 
57.00 
50.11 
65.02 
63.94 
55.26 

$50.99 
53.04 
51.20 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48.. 59 
40.75 
54.73 
53.18 

$43.98 

$41.20 

$64.60 

.N'liTF. — In 
imns  she  1 
ire :  the  sec 
lold.      I.e.Td 
(11   oi-es   sola 

dec     7 

ase   p 

und   t 

ore 

. 

inc    0 
rices 
vo   th 
prices 

re     til 

for    ti 

e  ave 

are 

e     Hrs 
0   per 
•age  f 
the    a 

t     two 

cent 

or  a  I 

verag 

col- 

zinc 

ores 

e    for 

Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — Current  quotations  for  Lake 
Hiperior  ores,  on  dock  at  Lake  Erie  ports, 
ire:  Bessemer  ore — base  55  per  cent. 
I'on  and  under  0.45  phosphorus — S5  per 
on  for  Old  Range  and  S4.75  forMesabi; 
ionbesscmer — base  51.5  per  cent,  iron — 
1.20  for  Old  Range  and  $4  for  Mesabi. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization  of 
ellers,  and  a  wide  range  of  prices  e.\- 
5ts,  according  to  quantity  and  location 
f  mines.  A  good  nonbessemer  ore, 
round  50  to  55  per  cent.  iron,  can  be 
ad  at  S3''/3.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  mines; 
ut  no  general  quotations  can  be  given. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
xed  by  laige  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
or  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
ontent,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
ent.  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
hosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
ange  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
ent.  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
ess  of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Tungsten  Ore— Ferberite,  wolframite 
nd  huebnerite  ores.  .S6.50(5/7  per  unit 
er  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  60 
er  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For 
cheelite  ore,  50c. r</  1.50  per  unit  less. 


Pyrites — Domestic  pyrites  are  quoted 
at  ll!-2r«I2c.  per  unit  of  sulphur  at 
mines  for  furnace  sizes.  Spanish  pyrites, 
furnace  sizes,  are  12rfM2K'C-  per  unit, 
ex-ship.  Arsenical  pyrites  are  from  }/^@ 
1  '/ic.  per  unit  less. 

Zinc  Ores — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende 
of  good  quality,  especially  a'  to  iron  and 
lead  contents,  the  current  price  is  for 
the  zinc  content,  less  8  units,  at  the  St. 
Louis  price  of  spelter;  with  a  deduction 
of  SI4r«  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also 
Joplin  and  Wisconsin  ore  markets. 


CHEMICALS 


New  York.,  Nov.  16— The  general 
market  shows  a  slight  improvement,  but 
is  still  only  moderately  active. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  good 
and  sales  are  increasing.  Prices  are  un- 
changed at  S4  per  100  lb.  for  carload  lots, 
and  S4.25  per  100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — Sales  have  been  fair,  but 
prices  are  a  shade  lower,  S2.25  per  100  lb. 
being  quoted  for  white  arsenic.  At  this 
price  imports  are  hardly  possible. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Business  in  this  ar- 
ticle has  been  dull,  and  few  sales  are  re- 
ported. Quotations  are  now  2. 12K'C. 
per  lb.  for  both  spot  and  futures. 


Petroleum 


Exports  of  mineral  oils  from  the 
United  States,  10  months  ended  Oct.  31, 
in  gallons: 

1909.  1910. 

Crude  petroleum 108.079,021  9.5.691,231 

Naphthas 51,305.885  64,.538.762 

Illuniinaling  oils 870.806,530  779,412.904 

Lubric.ltlngaud  paraffin..    126,499.0.95  132.493.405 

Residuum 90,385,396  90,580,400 

Total 1,247,136,487  1,162,710,828 

The  total  decrease  this  year  was  84,- 
419,659  gal.,  or  6.8  per  cent. 


/S^  MINING -STOCKS    $ 


Neiv  York,  Nov.  16 — The  general  stock 
markets  made  quite  a  show  of  strength 
this  week,  and  prices  generally  advanced. 
Trading  was  not  heavy,  however,  except 
in  a  few  stocks,  among  which  United 
States  Steel  common  was  the  most  prom- 
inent. The  advance  failed  to  attract  the 
public  and  the  market  was  chiefly  profes- 
sional. Speculation  was  favored  by  low- 
er rates  for  money. 

Two  sales  of  Homestake  were  reported, 
180  shares  at  .S86r(/87  per  share. 

On  the  Curb  the  copper  stocks  were 
the  most  active  section  and  generally 
gained.  The  volume  of  business  was 
moderate.  The  Nevada  stocks  were 
quiet.  Cobalt  shares  were  strong  and  ac- 
tive, Kerr  Lake  recording  the  heaviest 
sales. 


animation.  Sentiment  continues  optimis- 
tic, and  the  belief  is  as  firm  as  at  any 
time  that  the  year  end  will  see  higher 
prices  for  standard  copper  stocks. 

There  have  been  two  features  in  the 
Boston  list  the  past  week.  East  Butte 
with  a  S3.50  advance  to  $14,  and  a  S3.75 
break  in  the  price  of  La  Salle  mining 
shares,  which  touched  S7.25.    In  the  case 

CUri'Eli    I'HDIUCTION    UEl'OUT.S. 
<'ei)per  t'ontent.s  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


Company. 

August. 

Septem- 
ber. 

October. 

Anaconda 

Arizona.  Ltd 

Balr.klnla 

Eolee  (.Mexico) 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  A:  .\riz.... 
Cananoa  (Mexico).. 

'ifiiosm 

2,039,520 
7,796,559 
2,5I>0,000 
3,526,000 
2,100,000 

"400,066 

iVo'sbldoi 

6,052,021 
2,693,000 
1,640,000 
2,.520,0(10 
7,440,035 
23,7.50,000 
18,800,000 

22.200,('00 
2,672,000 

nil 
2,061.3(K1 
6.903.750 
2,535.00(1 
3..-.05.()(Hl 
2,12K.0U(1 
025,840 

nil 

2.21V.43.5 
5,151,208 
2,202,000 
1,418,01KI 
2,125,00(1 
7,077,035 

10,700,000 

22.100,000 
3,004,000 
028,300 
2,278,4,54 
7,000,796 
1,990,000 
3,576,(KJ0 

East  liutto 

948,369 
nil 

Mammoth 

Moctezuma  (Mox.). 

'l,70l',i68 

Old  Dominion 

Shannon 

Superior  &  Pitts.... 

Utah  CopiKM-  Co 

liutto  District 

2,345,000 
1,280,000 
2,095,000 

Lake  Superior 

18,500,000 

85,473.049 
13,324.788 

98,798.727 
6,166,204 

79,028,571 
24,303,859 

Imports,  bars,  etc.. 

Total  blister 

103,932.430 
5,770,435 

Deduct  Can.  &  Moc. 

Net  blister  rep. . . 
Imp.  in  ore  &  matte 

93,642,523 
13,031,254 

98,155,996 
5,782,007 

Total 

106,673,777 

103,938,062 

Butte  district  and  Lake  Superior  iigures  ai-e 
estimated;  others  are  reports  received  from 
companies.  Imp(Uts  duplicate  i>rod(iclion  of 
Cananea.  and  that  part  of  ("opper  <>(ieen  pro- 
duction wliich  comes  fi-om  Nacozari.  Doleo 
copper  docs  not  come  to  American  i-elincrs. 
Utah  Copper  report  includes  the  output  of 
the  Boston  mill.  Butte  district  production  from 
Septemlier  is  given  under  Anac(UHla  and  East 
Butte. 


.STATISTICS   OF  COl'I'ER. 


Month. 

United 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

XI, 1909 

XII 

121.018.309 
117.828.(165 

00,857,873 
09,619,501 

65.206,696 
59.646,670 

Year 

1.405.403.0,50 

705,051,591 

080,942,620 

1.1910 

II 

110..547.287 
112.712.493 
120,()C.7.1lu 
117.477.039 
123,242.470 
127.210,188 
118.37(1.(M13 
127.803.018 
119.519.983 
120.409,284 

78,168,387 
00,018,322 
02,844.818 
07,985.951 
59.305.222 
63.303,190 
50.708,175 
(17,731,271 
04,.51I1.018 
07.814,172 

81,091,672 
37,309,618 
40,.585,767 
31.332.434 
45.496,400 
05,895.948 
59.407.167 
61.831.780 
75.100,490 
08,180,912 

HI    

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

United 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

\I.  1909 

XII 

I.  1910 

II 

Ill 

1.53,509,020 
153,(H13,527 
141,700,111 
9H.403.330 
107.187,992 
123.821.874 
141.084.1.59 
100,125.973 
108,380,017 
170,(WO,(i78 
108.881,245 
118,703,714 
139,201,014 

222..500.41KI 
230.867,000 
244,204.800 
218.230.800 
2.51.1.50,100 
249,025.(;(HI 
240.870.4(1(1 
230.142.100 
232.H92.800 
222.320.000 
218,414,800 
211,270,800 
198,000,800 

370,070,026 
389,801,127 
385,'.170,911 
340,700,139 
301 ,3.38,392 
373.450,474 
3KS..S54,569 
399.5i;8,.373 
401.278.817 
302.00(1.078 
387.320.045 
300,070,514 
337,322,714 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

Boston,    Nov.    15 — The    share    market 
maintains  its  firm  tone,  although  lacking 


Figures  are  In  pounds  of  fine  copper.  II.  S. 
production  includes  all  coiijjer  relinecl  in  this 
counti'y.  l)oth  frtun  domestic  and  imported 
material.  Visible  stocks  are  those  reported 
on  the  lirst  day  of  each  month,  as  brouglit 
over  from   Ihe  preceding  month. 


1040 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


November  19,  1910. 


of  East  Butte  conditions  have  shown  a 
marked  change.  On  the  other  hand  it  is 
believed  that  the  company  intends  to  sell 
treasury  stock,  which  will  provide  funds 
for  working  capital.  The  discouraging 
results  of  nearly  four  year's  exploratory 
work  in  the  Caldwell  tract  of  the  La 
Salle  and  the  final  forced  suspension  of 
operations  in  the  No.  1  Caldwell  shaft 
account  for  the  break  in  La  Salle  shares. 

North  Butte  has  also  been  an  active 
and  strong  feature,  while  an  advance  in 
Calumet  &  Hecla  to  $585  portends  sta- 
bility to  the  copper-share  market.  Al- 
louez  had  a  sympathetic  advance,  but 
only  to  moderate  extent. 

Curb  trading  has  been  of  fair  volume 
with  steady  to  firm  prices.  Chino  is  up 
to  within  25c.  of  its  high  at  $22. 
Rhode  Island  Coal  has  attracted  atten- 
tion with  its  advance  to  $8.25  per  share. 


Ansi».ssiiic 

Mit.S 

Company. 

Delinq. 

Sale.   1  Amt. 

Big  Cottonwood  Con.,  ITtah. 

Nov.     7 

Nov. 

30  $0,001 

Bonanza  Mt.  Copper.  Ida. . . 

Nov.  18 

Dec. 

17 

0.001 

Cedar  Creek, Ida 

Nov.  14 

Dec. 

14 

0,004 

Central  Eureka,  Nov 

Oct.    31 

Nov. 

-M 

0,04 

Nov.     6 

Dec. 

1(1 

0,001 

Hypntlicck,  Ida 

Nov.  15 

Dec. 

8 

0,007 

Ida.  BPlcher  M.  &  M.,  Ida. . 

Nov.  15 

Dec. 

10  0. 00^2* 

Ida.  Copper  M.  Ltd.,  Ida — 

Nov.  22 

Dec. 

22 

0.003 

Iron  Mask,  Ida 

Nov.  18 

Dec. 

» 

0 .  002 

Littln  Mint,  Ida 

Oct.    31 

iNov. 

30 

0.003 

Little  Nnrtli  Fork,  Ida 

Nov.   15 

Dec. 

31 

0 .004 

Lucky  Swede  G.  &  C,  Ida. . . 

Dec.     1 

Dec. 

31 

0.001 

Mex.  Con.  M.  &  M 

Nov.  15 

Dec. 

15 

1 ,  00 

Mineral  Farm,  Ida 

Nov.  r2 

Dec. 

17 

0,003 

Nov.  ^28 

Dec. 

•20 

0.001 

Po'Wliatan  M.  Co..  Ida 

Sept.  -IC: 

Nov. 

23 

0,001 

Reindeer  C.  &  G.,  Ida 

Oct.     15 

Dec. 

1 

0.005 

Silver  Mt.,  Ida 

Oct.     21 

Nov. 

23 

0,002 

Oct.    31 
Oct.    22 

Nov. 
Nov. 

30,0. 001» 

•22    0 .  002 

TranB.-Coht.  S.  &  0.,  Ida 

Nov.  ^24 

Dec. 

15    0.002 

Oct.    29 

Nov. 

19  0.0001 

■Wilbur  Mln.  Co.,  Ida 

Nov.     1 

Dec. 

l|       * 

•One-half    mill. 


Monthly   .\vernKe  Prices  of  Metnls 

SII.\KI! 


Month. 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September... 

October 

Novem  ber 

December,.,. 


Total. , 


New  York. 


r.l09.  1  1910. 


7.501.52,375 
472  51.534 
468151  454 
42s'r,3  ■221 
905  53   S70 


London. 


Jiii'i 


24 
23 
>3 

71 W  ^24 

343 


.538  ."i3.ir,2(24,ii;i; 

043,54  151)123.519 
125  .52  912  -23  .588 
440, 53,^295  ^23.743 


5,5,490 


,51,602 '23.706 


•23  502 
•23.351 
•24.0.30 


164 
794 
090 
483 
797 
1)51 
034 
428 
.5117 
59G 


Ni'u     York,    ccnl.-i    per    fine    ounce:    London. 
pence    l)er    sl.nliilni-d    minre. 

rni'TKi!. 


January 

February.,.. 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

July 

AUKuat 

8opt(»niber  .. 

Octobi^r 

November.. . 
December... 


Year 12.082 


New  Yokk. 


Electrolytic        Lake. 


1909.     1910.     1909.     1910, 


13.893 
12.949 
12.387 
12,.50j 
12.893 
13,214 
12  8H0 
13.00' 
12,870 
12.700 
I3.r25 
13.^298 


404 
215 
490 
379 
.653 


13. 3^36 


870 
719 
580 
091 
885 
798 
570 
.715 
(i08 
788 


.198 

.  088 

,■231 

,  303 

.  338 

.(■,2 

..5.50 

.393 

.021 

.,551 

.917 

.900 


68.732 


Tl.N 

AT    NKW    VUltK 

month. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

2S.of.O 
■2.s.2'.'0 
■28.727 
■29.445 
•29.  •2^25 
'29 .  322 

32  700 
32.9^20 

32  403 
32 , 970 

33  125 
32.709 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

Av  Year.. 

•29.1^25 
•29.900 
30.293 
30.475 
30. 859 
32.913 

.32.095 
33.972 
34 .  982 
36.190 

29.725 

.T 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Trices  arc   in   cents  per  pound. 


.9^23 
.388 
.214 
.•238 
.313 
.310 
.194 
.733 
.•207 
.7'22 


New  York,  cenis  per  pn\ind.  [•lleclrnlyilc  Is 
for  cnUea,  InRola  or  wIrelmrH.  Londcui,  pounds 
sterling,   per   long   ton,   sinndnrd  copper. 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.   Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February. . . . 

March 

April 

May 

4.175 
4.018 
3  986 
4.108 
4.^287 
4.3.50 
4 ,  321 
4, 363 
4.342 
4.341 
4 .  370 
4.. 560 

4.700 
4.613 
4.459 
4.376 
4.315 
4.343 
4.404 
4 .  400 
4.400 
4. 400 

4 .  025 
3.868 
3.835 
4.051 
4.214 
4.^291 
4 . 1.H8 
4. '227 
4.  ■215 
4.215 
4.^252 
4.459 

4 .  582 
4.445 
4.307 
4 ,  22.-. 

4,ii;4 

4, '207 
4,^29l 
4,^2',«i 
4, -289 
4, -271 

13,113 
13.313 

13.43S 
13  -297 

13  -i-i:, 

13   (131 
12   ,51.3 
12   475 
12,781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.f25 

13  (550 
13  3^28 
13,063 
12  (•.41 
r*  5.50 

June 

July 

August 

Sejitember  . . 

(.ictober 

Nnveralier... 
December.. . 

12  688 
12  531 
12,513 
12,682 
13.091 

Year 

4.^273 

4.163 

13.049 

New   Y'ork   ond    St,    Louis,   cents  per   pound. 
London,  iioiuids  sterling;  per  Ion;;   ton. 


SI'EL 

i'i:i! 

Mouth. 

New  York. 

St.   L 

(Ulis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4 .  991 

5  951 

21    425 

23  350 

February 

4.889 

5.669 

4.739 

5  41'.! 

21   .51  ■2 

23.188 

March 

4.757 

5.637 

4.607 

5  487 

21   438 

23.031 

April 

4.965 

6.439 

4.815 

5  2.'<'.l 

21    .531 

■22,469 

May 

5.L24 

5.191 

4.974 

5.041 

21  ,'.17.1 

22  100 

June 

5.402 

6.r28 

5.^252 

4  '.ITS 

22   1 1(  10 

22   (.94 

July 

5 .  402 
6.7^29 

5.1.52 
5.279 

6.^252 
5.57^.i 

5(11 12 
5    129 

21  '.K'.'.l 

22  1 25 

22   406 

August 

22 , 800 

September  . . 

5.796 

5.614 

5 .  646 

5 ,  364 

22  ','01' 

■23.165 

October 

6  199 

5. 6^28 

6.043 

5,4:8 

23  200 

•23.900 

November.. . 

6.381 

6.^231 

23.188 

December. . . 

6.  •249 

6.099 

•23.094 

Year 

5, 503 

6.362 

•22.^201 

Npw    York   nnd    ST.    l.ouis.    cents   per   pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling   ppr   Ions   ton. 

riMCKS  OF  rn;  iron  at  riTTSuruG. 


Bessemer.         Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June.. .  , 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December... 

$17,18 
16,73 
16,40 
15.79 
15.77 
16.13 
16.10 
17.16 
18.44 
19.76 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18.63 
18,  ^28 
17,10 
16. 52 
16  40 
16.09 
15.92 
15,90 

$16.40 
16  09 
15,84 
15 ,  05 
15.02 
16,84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17. '21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.. 89 
14.73 
14.05 

$16.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
16.96 
16. '20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15,53 
15,40 
16.16 
14.93 
14.88 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Nov.  15     SALT  LAKE 


Name  of  Comp. 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'kCon. 

C.  K.  &  N 

DocKU'  Jack  Pot. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Paso 

Faniile  Kawllns. 

FiniU.iv 

Gold  Dollar 

Gold  Sovereign. . 

Isabella 

Jennie  Semplo  .. 

Lexington 

Moon  Anchor 

Old  G.ild 

I\Inry  McKlnnoy. 

Phni'TuaclHt 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work 


Bid. 


}.06,i 
1.02" 
i.l6 

.09;] 

.78 
.86 

t.06 
.07 
.12,1 

tM 
.17,1 
.10), 

t.Olt 

t.03; 
.02J 
.48,1 

t02. 

1.12 
91 

t03 


Name  of  Comp.     Bid. 


Bingham  Copper. 

Carisa . .' 

Colorado  Mining, 
('olumbus  Con... 

Daly  Judge 

Grand  Central 

Ir(ui  Ulosstnn 

Little  Bell 

Little  rhU^t 

Lower  Mammoth. 

Mason  Valley 

MaJ.   Mines 

Mav  Dav 

Nevada  Hills 

New  York 

Prince  Con 

Sliver  King  Coal'n 

Sioux  Con 

Uncle  Sam 

Victoria  


U 


Name  of  Comp. 

COMSTOCK  STOCKS 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher — 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Confidence 

(on.  Cal.  &  Va 

Crowu  Point. . . 
Gould  &  Curry 
Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Mexican 

Occidental.. 

Ophir 

Overman. . . . 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Con. . 
Yellow  Jacket 


cig. 

J. 10 

.55 

.■28 

.17 

.17 

t.06 

t.70 

1.02  J 

.60 

.09 

.18 

1  07J 

.42 

1.27 

.30 

1.35 

.10 

.19 

.25 

.40 

Name  of  Comp. 


MISC.  Nev.  &CAI,. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frao 

Jumbo  Extension 

Ore 

Red  Hin 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka  . 
So.  Eureka 


4.35 

J. 03 

.27 

.26 

.18 

.05 

.50 

.12 

.07 

.12 

.25 

.22 

.06 

.03 

.07 

tl6 

.02 

Jl.OO 

tl,45 

,15.75 


N.  Y.  EXCH.    Nov.  15  BOSTON  EXCH.  Nov.  16 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated .... 
Am.  Agri.  Chem  . . 
Am.Sm.*Eel.,com 
Am.Sm.*Ref.,pf. 

Anaconda 

BethlebemSteel  pf 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  &I. 
Federal  M.  ,t  S... 

Goldfleld  Con 

Great  Nor.,  ore ctf. 

Homestake 

Nat'nalLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Cnnsid 

Pittsburg  Coal 

Republic  I&S, com. 
Republic  I  &S,  pf, 
SlossSliellid.cc'ni. 
SlossSliolli.'ld.  pt. 
Tennessei*  Cupper 

Utah  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

n.  8.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


Clg.  j     Name  of  Comp. 


4554 
81% 

106>i 

t42 

61  Ji 

t« 
t48>i 

60  »4 
87 
69 
107 
21 
'21', 
34  J4 

61 3I 
tll6 
37,;i 
60,', 
79J, 
117=4 

62  ^i 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Nov.  16 


Name  of  Comp. 


,15 
.13 
.41, J 
.27 
.'25 
.70 
.81 
OIJ 

•>') 

'.hi 
.00 

63 
.10} 

!l3 
.80 
.70 
.26 
.64 
.07i 


Ariz.-Cananea .... 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek . . . 
Bradeu  Copper. .. 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition. .. 

Caledonia 

Calumet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines. . 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central. . . . 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  con 

El  Kayo 

Florence 

Glroux 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dai'-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am. . 
Mont.  Shoshone.. 
Mont.-Toiuipah. .. 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 
Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Clipper 

Pacilic  Sm.  &  M.. 
P.ecious  Metals.. 

lliiv  Central 

Ray  Con 

South  Utah  M.,S:S. 
Standai'd  OIL. 

Stewart 

Tonopab  

Touopah  Ex. .. 
TrI-BnIllim.... 

Tularosa 

Union  Mines... 
Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


JA 

65, 
20 '4 


t6>i 

21% 

8 

Jl}5 
V 

29 
3% 

1?4 

■!% 

1% 

tl« 

i}i 

1198 

m 

1.15 
20M 
5>i 
1.14 
t.92 

lOJi 

-A 
l?i! 
o  7 

1619 
XX 

«A 

1.04 

IH 
l'« 
1 
3'i 


Adventure 

Algomah 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

I  Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin. , 

Butte  \-  Halnk 

Calumet  &  Ariz.., 
Calumet  &  Hecla, 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-'West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Gi'anby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana  

Isle  Royale 

iKeweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

0]lbwny 

Old  Doniluion... 

OsceolH  ....  

Pairot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superioi^ 

Superior  &  Best. 
Superior  &  Pitts. 

Tamai'ack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf . 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


Clg. 


lOX 
44 
3U)i 
i% 
11% 

"H 

.50 

17« 
b% 

66 
586 

19 

je 

71 
■i% 
12« 

n>4 
44 
■«,% 
2 

I6K 
20X 

3>i 
■ifiii 
» 

45.' 

'20Jii 

8>. 
8 
i1\ 
132 

76 
13>, 

irn 

8 

I4)i 
58 

6J. 
37). 
48 

3). 
W„ 
13 
lOX 
1131 


BOSTON   CURB    Nov,  ir. 
I  Name  of  Comp.     Last. 


LONDON       Nov.  16 


Name  of  Com. 


Dolores 

Stratton'slnd. 
Camp  Bird.... 

Espei'anza 

Tom  boy 

El  Ol-o 

Oi'ovlllo 

Mexico  Mines 


Clg. 
£1  108   Od 


0  3 

1  11 
1  18 

0  18 

1  6 
0  7 
7  18 


Ah  meek 

Bingham  Jlinos. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswy  ocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

('hanipion 

Chemving 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve... 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspli'atlon 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Nnfl  Mine  &  Ex. 
Novada-Douglas. 

Onecu 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Cool 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Ariz 

Sontb  Lake 

Superior  k  Globe. 

Trethewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


186 

Ih 
.08 
.38 

V. 
MU 

1?. 
l\ 
6     ■ 

.38 
.00 
.04 
V, 

s?. 

.M 

8,". 

Vi 

83 

,ai) 


%\.nM   nuoliilion. 


THE 


AND 


D  E  N  G I N  E  E  R I N  G  =n. 


MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       ^^  E  E  K  L  Y 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary •%.  London  Office,  6  Boxiverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
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VOL.  go 


NOVEMBER  26,  1910. 


NO.  22 


(7ATf  J..iTl().\     ^TATEMKXr 

Itittimi  IHOi)  icr  iirintt'il  uiul  circulated 
■.4.."iiiir  co/iUn  of  Tin:  Kxoixekiiim;  and 
Minim;  .loruxAi.. 

Itiii  ciirlllalion  fur  Ortuhcr.  IIIID.  ICOS 
.■|U.."i(H»    CUIli''ft. 

yovciiiber  5 11,(100 

Xorcmhcr  12 9.50(1 

\iirciiihcr  10 9,.';00 

Xureiiiher  I'ti 9..")()0 

\'unc  »ent  free  rciii'lnrlij.  no  back  niinibers. 
I  iaw'rx    are    lire,    net    eircalation. 


Contents  page 

lOililoiiiils  : 

Will     .Minin;;     in     dilonido     Be     Ke- 

stlmulali'dV    1041 

I'he   ('Hiitpsii^n   aiijiiust    Fraud 10412 

< 'iirri'sjifnidciH'i'   and    I>is(MlssIon  : 

(■(lal  Miniuj;  M.'iliods  in  (iold  Mines 
.  .  .  .  I'rrjposid  Anii'ndnipnt  for  l.ora- 
tiim  Hi"  i.odf  Claims  ....  Slial'l 
riumliins    I0-4" 

The  Camp.iijjn   against    Fraud 104."> 

Oetails  of   i   -actlcai   Mininj;  ; 

•Skip  Ir.iproviMiionts,  .  .  .  *Tlie  Kid- 
ni'V  I'ulji  liistriltuiiT  ....  roisoninjc 
Ii.v  c.vanide.  .  .  .Moisture  as  a  Soui-ee 
of  i;nor  in  Assa.v  Itepoi'ts.  .  .  .  *A 
Sinililc  Ill-vice  for  Cross  llalcliiiif; 
....•Self  Ollini:  Koller....A  I'orl- 
alile  Winch.  .  .  ..\  I'.se  for  Old  Boiler 
Tubes.  ...  •.\n  .-Vir  M'.il  for  Cutting 
Tinilier.  .  .  .  •Illuniinaliiij;  Si'reen  for 

rndei'^ronnd   Surceyiuf; 1040 

anal    Zone    Meeting    of    .Vnierican     In- 

stlMite SfKi-iiil    Citrrexpomlence    KloO 

Uichiuond-IOureka    .Mining  (.'oinpan.v 10."ii; 

I'ulillc    Schools  'oil     till-     Mesalii     ItanKe. 

Minnesola.  ...Sfireinl    Corretijtintfleiice   10.",2 

rclroleum   in    Illinois I()."i2 

•Tin  Minins  and  .Milling  In  the  Bolivian 

Andes Geort/e   IV.   f)enii    ICSa 

l.unilier    (iperations    of     the     Anaconda 

Company    1 0.">4 

I'lospecilni;     Disseminated     Copper     Ore 

Ilcposits Chtirles  R,   Kei/es    lo.')." 

\lona/,ite  and   Zircon 10.%0 

•Kxtraclion  of  Tin  from  f)ri's  and  Slacs   l(i."i(! 
ilie  Problem  of  Fine  (Irindini;  in  Tube 

Mills //.    11'.   Ihu-ilhtiie   10.-.7 

lieiurns  for  the  Half  Year  on  the  Hand. 

Jiibintneshllril   CtirrcMinnttlettre    KCS 

Tnngstvn   Minin;:   in    Colorado :.    l().",s 

'The    International    Smeltery    at   Tooele. 

Itah    lo.",'.) 

Lead     I'olsonliu;     and     Sublimed     White 

l.ead /.    /.    niair    IDCl 

"The   Crei.nawall     i-^lect  rolytic    Process. 

Williiiiii    /•;.    (Ireenairalt    10(12 

•The  Milionald  Coiiiier  .Mine,  (iuebec .  .  .    intiC, 
irbon     Moui.xide     I'oisonlnj;    from     Kx- 

ploslon     I'roilucis 10(!<i 

•^es  of  Manganese lOIld 

I'he  r»e  of  Coal  Ciiltln'.;  Machinery. 

/.'.    11.    R'liriaiiil    10(!- 
oal   Milling'  Stalislii-s  of  (Ircal    Britain    1070 

Mine  Implosion  of  I  iala'.;iia.  Colorado...     1i)71 

I  xiiloslon   at    Yolaiide   Mine   in    Alabama    Io71 

Colliery    Notes 11)71 

I'atentH    1(i7l' 

I'monal.  Obituary  and  Societies lo":! 

Editorial   Correspondence 1074 

MlDlnu    News •. Iii7i! 

Markets    ■  ios_' 

*llhi-triilr<l. 


Will   Mining    in  Colorado  be 
Restimulated  ? 


There  was  a  time  when  Colorado  pos- 
sessed the  most  e.xtensive  mining  industry 
of  any  of  the  States  to  the  west  of  the 
Rocky  mountains.  During  the  '80s  no 
other  State  could  boast  such  a  galaxy  of 
important  camps  as  Colorado  with  its 
Aspen,  Red  Cliff,  Rosita,  Rico,  Ouray, 
San  Juan,  Monarch,  Telluride,  George- 
town, Gilpin,  and  greatest  of  all — Lead- 
ville.  The  immense  tonnage  of  ore  yielded 
by  these  mines  was  the  basis  of  the  most 
important  silver-lead  smelting  industry  of 
the  United  States  and  a  railway  develop- 
ment superior  to  that  of  any  other  region 
in  the  Rocky  Mountain  country.  During 
the  '90s  the  productiveness  of  many  of 
these  mines  dwindled  or  ceased,  and  in 
spite  of  the  discovery  of  Creede  and 
Cripple  Creek  the  tendency  of  mining  in 
Colorado  was  to  ebb.  Of  late  years  it  has 
been  admittedly  in  a  low  state.  Smeltery 
after  smeltery  has  had  to  be  abandoned, 
and  Denver,  once  a  famous  mining  center, 
has  thriven  upon  its  railway,  agricultural 
and  manufacturing  interests  rather  than 
upon  the  industry  that  established  it. 

Recently  a  concerted  effort  to  revive 
mining  in  Colorado  has  been  inaugurated 
by  several  public  organizations.  The 
movement  is,  of  course,  supported  by  the 
railways  and  smelters,  who  are  anxious  to 
secure  more  tonnage  of  ore;  by  the  man- 
ufacturers who  are  desirous  of  increas- 
ing the  market  for  their  machinery;  by  the 
general  merchants,  v/ho  are  anxious  to 
increase  the  sale  of  their  goods;  and  in 
short  by  everyone  who  has  an  interest  in 
the  promotion  of  the  welfare  of  the  State. 


The  same  condition  of  decadency  that 
is  most  clearly  manifest  in  Colorado  is 
also  evident  in  other  Rocky  Moutitain 
States.  The  most  emphatic  testimony  as 
to  this  is  the  large  number  of  smelting 
furnaces  out  of  blast.  In  October  last  we 
reported  that  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  in  its  American  plants 
had  in  operation  a  total  of  only  25  out  of 
its  56  furnaces,  indicating  the  smelting  of 
only  about  1,250,000  tons  of  ore  per  an- 
num in  works  having  a  capacity  for  2,- 
850,000  tons.  In  Colorado  alone  20  fur- 
naces out  of  34  were  idle,  and  Mr.  Guiter- 
man,  the  manager  for  that  district,  has 
recently  stated  that  one-half  the  com- 
pany's capacity  is  idle  and  the  remainder 
operated  on  a  curtailed  basis.  The  same 
c.Tuses  that  have  reduced  activity  in 
Colorado  have  doubtless  been  acting  in 
Alontana,  Idaho,  Utah  and  Nevada. 

We  are  not  saying,  be  it  understood, 
that  the  mining  industry  of  the  West, 
broadly  speaking,  is  on  the  wane.  On  the 
contrary  the  production  of  copper,  lead 
and  zinc  ore  has  been  steadily  increas- 
ing, while  the  outputs  of  gold  and  silver,  . 
which  to  a  large  extent  are  derived  from 
the  other  ores,  have  been  well  main- 
tained. It  is  to  be  remarked,  however, 
that  the  increasing  production  of  cop- 
per is  due  to  the  comparatively  few  big 
operators,  and  the  maintenance  of  the 
production  of  lead  is  explainable  in  the 
same  way;  but  at  the  same  time  the  busi- 
ness of  the  custom  smelters,  who  receive 
ores  of  all  kinds  in  large  and  small  quan- 
tities from  many  producers,  has  materi- 
ally declined,  and  inasmuch  as  this  is  due 
to  the  less  tonnage  of  ore  offered  a  re- 
cession  in  mining  is  clearly  indicated. 


1042 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


One  of  the  Colorado  organizations 
seeking  to  revive  things  in  that  State  has 
rationally  begun  its  work  by  an  investiga- 
tion of  the  causes  that  have  led  many  of 
the  mines  to  fall  into  idleness,  and  in 
the  pursuit  of  this  inquiry  has  circulated 
a  series  of  questions.  We  anticipate  that 
the  gist  of  the  answers  to  these  will  be 
low  prices  for  the  metals,  high  freight 
and  smelting  rates,  and  in  brief  the  ex- 
istence of  conditions  that  no  longer  per- 
mit the  mines  to  be  worked  at  a  profit. 
Such  an  explanation  will  be  correct  in  so 
far  as  it  goes,  but  it  does  not  go  far 
enough. 

The  prices  for  the  metals  are  not  now 
materially  below  the  averages  reasonably 
to  be  expected;  zinc,  indeed,  is  decidedly 
above  a  normal  average.  It  is  idle  to  base 
hopes  upon  higher  metal  prices  than  now 
rule  and  in  so  far  as  this  phase  of  the 
question  is  concerned  there  is  nothing  to 
be  done.  Any  mine  that  cannot  be  worked 
profitably  under  present  market  condi- 
tions is  not  worth  considering. 

Nor  is  there  much  to  be  hoped  from 
further  reductions  in  smelting  and  rail- 
way rates.  For  many  years  the  Colorado 
smelteries  have  been  operated  on  the 
smallest  margin  of  any  important  group 
and  lately  their  managers  must  have  had 
a  hard  time  to  make  both  ends  meet.  We 
fancy  that  the  average  smelting  profit  in 
Colorado  is  now  decidedly  less  than  SI 
per  ton  of  ore  and  if  the  present  small 
profit  were  waived  entirely,  which,  of 
course,  would  be  economically  indefen- 
sible, few  idle  mines,  if  any,  would  be  re- 
started. We  are  less  familiar  with  the 
railway  situation  in  Colorado,  but  we 
know  of  some  great  reductions  in  rates 
and  we  surmise  that  the  railway  man- 
agers have  done  everything  possible  to 
promote  traffic  over  their  lines. 

The  greatest  single  item  of  expense  in 
mining  is  labor,  which  in  a  broad  gen- 
eralization may  be  said  to  come  to  about 
50  per  cent,  of  the  total.  Labor  rates  in 
Colorado  are  maintained  by  the  union, 
which  to  a  large  extent  prevents  read- 
justment to  altered  conditions,  but  nev- 
ertheless natural  laws  assert  themselves 
and  when  a  mine  becomes  unprofitable 
under  given  conditions  the  next  step  in 
its  history  is  the  introduction  of  tributers, 
which  may  amount  to  a  reduction  of 
wages  in  substance  if  nbt  in  name,  it  be- 
ing in  fact  a  sort  of  bonus  system. 

The  decadence  of  mining  in  Colorado 
is  due  fundamentally  to  the  exhaustion  of 


ore  deposits  capable  of  profitable  exploit- 
ation under  existing  conditions  and  the 
decline  in  prospecting  for  new  ore  de- 
posits to  take  their  place.  Since  the  dis- 
covery of  Cripple  Creek  in  1891  there 
has  been  no  new  mining  district  of  the 
first  class,  and  hut  comparatively  few  rich 
mines  have  been  developed  in  the  older 
districts.  We  hope  that  the  organizations 
that  are  now  giving  attention  to  this  mat- 
ter will  be  able  to  accomplish  something 
of  value.  We  think  they  will  if  they 
stick  to  it.  The  campaign  of  publicity 
that  has  been  inaugurated  in  certain  quart- 
ers, even  if  frothy,  will  do  good  in  dis- 
pelling the  erroneous  idea  that  mining 
in  Colorado  is  nearly  dead,  which  is  not 
so.  More  serious  publications  will  do 
good  by  informing  mining  men  as  to  facts 
and  preventing  quixotic  ideas.  The  field 
for  most  serious  work,  however,  will  be 
advising  of  the  mine  operators  of  the 
State  to  make  more  use  of  engineering 
services  for  the  improvement  of  meth- 
ods of  mining  and  milling,  and  of  geol- 
ogical services  for  the  study  of  ore  de- 
posits, for  it  is  in  those  directions  that 
lies  the  real  hope  for  the  rejuvenation  of 
the  industry. 

Such  an  old  mine  as  the  Madonna  was 
lately  found  to  have  a  new  orebody  that 
had  long  escaped  discovery  and  perhaps 
it  has  others.  Similar  good  fortune  may 
come  to  other  famous  old  properties,  but 
if  such  be  in  store  for  them  the  develop- 
ment will  be  chiefly  due  to  geological 
and  engineering  study,  even  if  there  be 
some  scoffing  of  both  for  their  failure  to 
detect  the  calamine  of  Leadville.  Al- 
though a  little  laugh  over  that  may  be 
enjoyed,  the  value  of  geological  services 
is  now  too  well  established  to  be  decried. 
Apropos  of  this,  a  prominent  mine  oper- 
ator, speaking  of  his  own  business,  re- 
marked recently  that  whereas  in  drilling 
prospecting  holes  he  formerly  might  find 
ore  in  one  out  of  ten  he  now,  with  the 
benefit  of  excellent  geological  advice,  had 
a  discovery  percentage  of  ninety. 

The  Colorado  committees  can  usefully 
conduct  a  propaganda  of  education  upon 
the  above  lines.  They  can,  perhaps,  in 
some  cases  urge  specific  investigations 
and  discountenance  visionary  and  waste- 
ful schemes.  They  can  advise  modera- 
tion on  the  part  of  property  holders  in 
the  cases  where  capital  is  required.  They 
can  frown  upon  the  operations  of  wild- 
catters and  perhaps  act  militantly  against 
them.     It  will  all  depend  upon  how  earn- 


estly the  organizations  and  their  com- 
mittees go  into  the  matter,  how  much 
they  will  be  prepared  to  spend,  and  how 
much  work  they  will  do.  It  is  always 
work,  not  talk,  that  accomplishes  results, 
although  talk  may  be  required  to  get  the 
work   started. 


The  Campaign  Against  Fraud 

On  Nov.  21  the  Postoffice  Department 
signalized  itself  by  raiding  Burr  Broth- 
ers, Incorporated,  on  charges  of  using  tht 
marls  to  defraud.  This  notorious  concern 
had  been  engaged  since  1907  in  selling 
stock  of  wildcat  petroleum  and  mining 
companies,  the  list  of  which  is  too  long 
to  be  repeated  here.  It  is  sufficient  to 
say  that  the  names  of  most  of  them  are 
unknown  in  the  legitimate  mining  indus- 
try. Using  the  crude,  old-fashioned 
methods,  without  the  benefit  of  stock-mar- 
ket manipulations,  laundry  machinery, 
etc.,  they  are  reported  by  the  postal  au- 
thorities to  have  drawn  large  sums  of 
money  from  unwary  persons,  chiefly  of 
the  more  humble  sort. 

The  raid  eliminating  this  concern  was 
conducted  under  the  orders  of  Post- 
master-general Hitchcock,  who  came 
personally  to  New  York  to  direct  it,  and 
afterward  gave  out  an  official  memoran- 
dum respecting  it.  From  this  and  other 
remarks  by  the  Postmaster-general  it  is 
evident  that  there  are  more  raids  of  the 
.'^ame  kind  to  come  and  that  the  Admin- 
istration is  vigorously  pursuing  its  policy 
of  arresting  the  evil  of  fraudulent  pro- 
motion that  has  been  sucking  away  so 
much  of  the  savings  of  the  poor  people. 
This  is  an  eminently  practical  and  praise- 
worthy reform,  for  which  the  Adminis- 
tration is  to  be  commended,  especially  by 
all  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  min- 
ing industry. 

The  recent  actions  of  the  authorities 
have  already  caused  many  of  the  fraudu- 
lent promoters  to  tremble  and  become 
circumspect.  It  ought  also  to  cause 
those  newspapers  accepting  their  adver- 
tisements and  thus  becoming  pariiceps 
criminis  to  reflect  upon  the  error  of  their 
ways  and  consider  seriously  the  recom- 
mendations of  the  Hughes  Committee 
touching  upon  this  point. 


The  latest  news  from  Mexico  is  grave. 
The  interest  of  the  mining  industry  is  im- 
mense. This  is  a  time  for  Americans 
to  keep  their  heads. 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1043 


Coal  Mining  Methods  in  Gold 
Mines 

The  article  on  Transvaal  mining  prac- 
tice by  the  Johannesburg  correspondent 
of  the  Journal,  published  in  the  Nov. 
12  issue  is  interesting,  as  showing  the 
trend  of  progress  in  mining  practice  on 
the  Rand.  However  the  ideas  advanced 
are  not  new  to  gold  mining,  being,  in  fact, 
in  large  part  only  adaptations  of  practice 
that  prevails  in  other  camps  where  the 
conditions  are  similar.  The  correspond- 
ent makes  the  statement  that  the  policy  of 
a  large  Rand  house  is  to  secure  an  engi- 
neer familiar  with  coal  mining  to  plan  a 
system  for  mining  beds  of  banket  that 
dip  only  from  five  to  25  deg.  from  the 
horizontal;  also  that  a  circular  shaft  will 
be  sunk  to  develop  the  orebodies. 

The  circular  shaft  has  been  used  for 
metal  mines  but  has  never  found  general 
favor  in  the  United  States,  so  additional 
information  on  this  subject  will  be  in- 
teresting. The  plan  of  development  fa- 
vored is,  according  to  the  article  above 
mentioned,  to  lay  out  levels  500  to  600  ft. 
apart  on  the  dip  and  to  run  main-haulage 
levels  in  the  footwall  at  1800-  to  2000-ft. 
intervals.  In  these  levels  endless-rope 
haulage  will  be  used  and  all  ore  will  be 
run  down  self-acting  haulages  to  them 
for  conveyance  to  shafts. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  tail- 
rope  haulage  will  materially  reduce  costs 
where  the  main-haulage  levels  are  ex- 
tensive and  a  large  tonnage  is  to  be 
handled.  It  must,  however,  be  remem- 
bered that  such  installations  are  only 
warranted  under  these  conditions.  As  to 
the  use  of  self-acting  inclines  between 
main-haulage  levels,  it  should  be  re- 
marked that  this  is  not  novel  in  gold  min- 
ing, this  system  having  been  used  for 
years  at  Grass  Valley,  Cal. 

Gravity  Planes  Used  in  Grass  Valley 
Mines 

The  North  Star  Mine  at  Grass  Valley 
is  developed  to  a  depth  of  5400  ft.  on 
the  incline  and  gravity  planes,  locally 
termed  "go-devils,"  are  used  to  deliver 
ore  to  the  main-haulage  levels  that  con- 
nect wiih  the  shaft.  Small  cars  are  used 
on  these  inclines,  the  loaded  car  pulling 
the  empty  up  the  track  in  each  case.  The 
go-devil  cars  dump  automatically  on  tip- 
ples discharging  into  pockets  from  which 
the  cars  on  the  haulage  levels  are  loaded 
—or  directly  into  these  latter.  Between 
main-haulage  levels  intermediate  levels 
that    have    no    direct    connection    to    the 


shaft  are  run  as  required  in  the  mining 
of  the  veins.  This  system  has  proved  eco- 
nomical and  is  a  most  satisfactory  solu- 
tion for  the  problem  of  working  flat 
stopes  in  which  the  broken  ore  will  not 
run  of  itself.  The  go-devil  cars  and  track 
are  light  and  inexpensive  and  the  only 
other  equipment  required  is  a  triple-block 
or  a  wooden  reel  with  suitable  braking 
device  to  insure  control  of  the  cars.  At 
Grass  Valley  the  go-devil  cars  usually 
have  a  capacity  of  less  than  one  ton,  as  in 
the  narrow  veins  it  is  necessary  to  use 
small  cars  if  little  extra  excavation  is  to 
be  done  in  the  raises  in  which  the  gravity 
planes  are  installed.  With  small  cars 
light  ropes  and  a  less  complicated  braking 
arrangement  can  be  used.  The  cost  of 
such  an  equipment  is  low. 

At  Grass  Valley  the  interval  between 
haulage  levels  is  seldom  over  300  ft.,  but 
this  distance  could  be  easily  extended  and 
larger  cars  and  heavier  tracks  used  wher- 
ever conditions  warranted.  The  scheme  of 
mining  is  precisely  the  same,  only  on  a 
smaller  scale,  as  that  reported  to  be  out- 
lined for  the  Transvaal  mines.         J.  T. 

New  York,  Nov.  17,  1910. 


Proposed   Amendment  for  Location 
of  Lode  Claims 


I  should  like  to  propose  an  amendment 
to  Sec.  2320  of  the  U.  S.  statutes  so  as  to 
allow  miners  to  locate  claims  600  ft.  in 
width  without  the  restriction  to  take  300 
ft    at  most  on  either  side  of  the  vein. 

1  never  could  see  any  reason  why 
prospectors  and  miners  should  be  pro- 
hibited from  locating  their  claims  to  the 
best  advantage,  as  long  as  they  did  not 
exceed  the  maximum  width  permitted  by 
the  law.  Frequently  it  would  be  desir- 
able to  take  100  ft.  beyond  the  outcrop 
and  500  ft.  on  the  other  side  to  cover 
more  of  the  dip  of  the  vein,  because  later 
development  may  prove  that  the  location 
has  no  extralateral  rights.  In  such  a 
case  the  locator  would  have  much  more 
ground  in  the  direction  of  the  dip  of  the 
vein  than  he  would  have  under  the  pres- 
ent law,  which  confines  him  to  a  width 
of  not  more  than  300  ft.  on  either  side  of 
the  vein. 

All  those  familiar  with  mining  and  the 
location  of  lode  claims  will  see  at  once 
how  such  a  change  in  the  law  would  en- 
able the  discoverer  to  lay  out  his  claim 
to  the  best  advantage,  as  far  as  the  facts 
on  the  ground  dictate.  It  is  not  neces- 
sary to  point  out  the  many  ways  in  which 
such  a  change  in  the  law  would  be  help- 


ful to  the  prospector,  especially  now, 
since  the  forest  reserves  threaten  to  in- 
terfere considerably  with  an  easy  and 
free  entry  into  the  national  domain.  1 
can  see  no  objection  to  this  amendment 
and  all  will  admit  that  it  is  helpful  to 
the  miner.  1  submit  this  proposition  for 
discussion  among  the  readers  of  the 
Journal.  The  change  of  a  few  words  in 
Sec.  2320  will  accomplish  the  object.  I 
have  suggested  this  change  to  the  Colo- 
rado members  of  Congress  and  1  hope  to 
find  assistance  in  this  matter  by  asking 
the  Journal  to  publish  this  communica- 
tion. Max  Boehmer. 
Denver,  Colo.,  Nov.   17,  1910. 


The  Prevention  of  Mine  Accidents 


In  the  Journal  of  Sept.  24,  1910,  spe- 
cial attention  was  directed  to  the  number 
of  persons  killed  annually  by  accident  in 
the  metalliferous  mines  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  the  necessity  arising  there- 
from for  uniform  legislation  and  an  ade- 
quate  system  of    mine    inspection.      As 

MORT.\I.ITY  .\ND  PRODUCTION  D.\T.\  FOR 
CHEAT  BRITIAN. 


Death 

.Minerals 

Rate 

Ppr.soiis 

Ovitput 

Per 

Year. 

Employed 

Tons. 

Deaths 

1000. 

ISTii 

62.683 

3,797,.589 

104 

1.66 

I'.KIO 

31.16."> 

3.;)90,6.in 

38 

1.10 

1901 

32,443 

3.23(),.-.fi.^ 

30 

0.92 

l'.il(2 

30.S12 

3.322.S20 

29 

0  94 

l!il):i 

29.S23 

3,243.633 

2.^, 

0.84 

I'.toi 

29..W4 

3.21li,33t; 

3.") 

1  ,19 

UK).') 

29.1.'-.l 

3.44  1.178 

46 

1  .  .iS 

1  itOB 

30.231  • 

3,712.l:i« 

36 

1.19 

1907 

31.602 

3.38S.(I2I 

34 

1.08 

190,'^ 

29,927 

3,13S.72S 

37 

1  .24 

1909 

28.437 

3,09.".. 7N0 

40 

1.41 

Great  Britain  is  generally  credited  with 
advanced  legislation  and  a  model  system 
of  mine  inspection  it  may  be  interesting 
In  compare  the  record  in  that  country 
over  a  period  of  years. 

Published  statistics  show  that  in  Great 
Britain  there  has  been  a  most  remarkable 
decline  in  the  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed about  mines,  ranging  from  62,683 
in  1873  to  28.437  in  1909.  The  slight  re- 
duction of  aggregate  mineral  output  from 
3.795,589  tons  in  1873  to  3,095,780  tons 
in  1909  is  out  of  all  proportion  when  the 
disparity  between  the  labor  engaged  in 
the  respective  years  is  taken  into  con- 
sideration. As  to  the  annual  death  rate 
there  is  not  a  pronounced  improvement. 
The  most  favorable  figure  is  exhibited  in 
1903  when  the  record  was  0.84  per  1000 
persons  employed,  but  in  the  interim  the 
tendency   has  again   been   upward.     The 


1044 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


figures  for  the  whole  of  Great  Britain,  ex- 
hibited in  an  accompanying  table  enable 
a  general  comparison  to  be  made. 

Those  tabulated  are  the  combined  sta- 
tistics culled  from  the  reports  covering 
the  various  inspection  districts,  but  it 
may  be  contended  that  what  has  been 
known  as  the  Southern  district,  embrac- 
ing the  county  of  Cornwall  is  more  sim- 
ilar to  the  metalliferous  mining  areas  of 
the  United  States.  Accordingly  the  South- 
ern district  reports  of  recent  years  will  be 
examined  in  greater  detail  with  a  view 
to  placing  before  readers  the  accumulated 
V.  isdom  of  Joseph  S.  Martin,  mines  in- 
spector, who  has  lately  retired  under  the 
civil-service  age  limit.  The  conclusions 
arrived  at  are  those  set  forth  in  the  official 
documents  issued  from  time  to  time  by 
the  Home  Office. 

Ignorance  as  to  Danger  of  Frozen 

Nitroglycerin  Compounds 

Prevalent 

In  1904  a  young  miner  was  killed  by  an 
explosion  of  gelignite  which  he  had 
brought  from  the  surface  in  two  tins.  The 
.  gelignite  in  some  unexplained  way  re- 
ceived a  shock  and  exploded.  No  definite 
information  as  to  the  cause  of  the  explo- 
sion could  be  obtained,  but  the  inspector 
favored  the  view  that  the  gelignite  had 
not  been  long  enough  underground  to 
thaw  by  the  natural  warmth  of  the  mine. 
At  the  inquest  he  was  astounded  by  the 
prevailing  ignorance  as  to  the  danger  of 
using  frozen  gelignite  and  other  nitro- 
glycerin compounds.  Men  who  had  been 
using  these  explosives  for  many  years 
knew  nothing  of  the  danger,  although 
they  were  in  the  habit  of  frequently  car- 
rying the  cartridges  about  them  for  the 
purpose  of  thawing,  they  only  did  so  that 
the  explosion  might  do  better  work.  The 
inspector  was  so  completely  surprised  that 
he  made  representations  to  the  Home 
Office,  culminating  in  the  issue  of  a  cir- 
cular calling  the  attention  of  owners  of 
metalliferous  mines  to  accidents  from  the 
use  of  explosives  containing  nitroglycerin. 

Proper  Thawing  of  Fxplosives 

It  was  directed  that  such  explosives 
should  always  be  thawed  by  means  of  hot 
water  only,  before  use.  Miners  and  others 
engaged  in  the  handling  of  explosives  do 
not  realize  the  need  of  adopting  proper 
means  for  thawing  explosives,  and  are  apt 
to  imagine  that  explosives  do  not  require 
to  be  thawed  except  in  times  of  frost. 
Explosives  which  contain  nitroglycerin 
become  solid  or  frozen  at  a  temperature 
much  above  the  freezing  point  of  water 
and  when  once  solidified  require  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  heat  to  soften  them 
again.  Hence  it  frequently  happens  that 
the  centers  of  the  cartridges  are  found  to 
be  hard  during  the  late  spring  and  even  in 
the  summer  months.  The  secretary  of 
state  approached  the  manufacturers  of 
the  explosives  in  order  to  assure  that  the 
warning  notices  issued  by  them  with  ex- 


plosives of  this  class  should  be  as  prom- 
inent and  explicit  as  possible,  and  further 
directed  that  the  following  special  notice 
should  be  exhibited  by  the  owners  at  the 
niine. 

"All  cartridges  made  of  dynamite, 
gelignite,  blasting  gelatin  and  other  ex- 
plosives containing  nitroglycerin,  must 
always  be  thawed  (in  a  properly  designed 
warming  pan)  before  use  during  the 
months  of  December,  January,  February 
and  March,  and  also  at  any  other  time 
if  the  cartridges  are  not  in  a  soft  or  pasty 
condition." 

Accidents  Also  Attributed  to  Lax  Dis- 
cipline 

Mr.  Martin  frequently  appealed  for  im- 
provement in  organization  and  discipline, 
regretting  that  accidents  occurred  as  a 
result  of  discipline  not  being  sufficiently 
appreciated  in  metalliferous  mines  by  the 
agents  or  the  men.  Special  reference  is 
made  to  a  regrettable  incident  in  1906, 
"due  to  laxity  of  discipline,"  which  killed 
a  man  at  Dolcoath.  Notwithstanding  that 
it  is  understood  to  be  prohibited  to  take 
tools  in  the  "gig"  when  men  are  riding, 
one  of  the  miners  vthen  descending  took  a 
drill  in  his  hand  and  when  part  way  down 
let  it  fall  out  of  the  gig,  whereupon  it 
struck  the  side  of  the  shaft,  and,  rebound- 
ing into  the  lower  deck  in  which  the  de- 
ceased was  riding  penetrated  his  side, 
causing  death  the  following  day. 

In  1908  the  death  rate  from  accidents 
below  ground  reached  2.46  per  1000  per- 
sons employed,  and  in  a  general  comment 
is  stated  that  a  number  of  cases  were  be- 
yond the  control  of  either  the  employers 
or  the  men;  others  were  due  to  errors  of 
judgment  in  regard  to  the  effect  of  the 
immediate  action  or  work  of  the  men 
themselves;  a  few  were  attributable  to 
acts  of  omission  or  commission  on  the 
part  of  the  men  or  their  comrades;  some 
others  were  perhaps  more  or  less  indi- 
rectly due  to  lack  of  close  supervision 
and  enforcement  of  discipline. 

In  1909  the  number  of  accidents  and 
deaths  was  heavy  and  the  figure  for 
Cornish  mines  compared  badly.  For  a 
number  of  years  the  ratios  of  deaths  in 
the  district  improved  steadily,  but  they 
rose  again  and  still  continue  high  under 
the  same  inspection  and  management.  Mr. 
Martin  fails  to  understand  this,  but  it  is 
nevertheless  a  fact  that  runs  of  good  and 
bad  luck  do  occur  in  this  way.  The  in- 
spector's experience  with  the  managers 
has  shown  that  they  are  not  callous  as 
regards  the  safety  of  the  men  working 
under  them,  but  on  the  contrary  they  are 
desirous  of  safeguarding  both  life  and 
limb  so  far  as  is  really  within  their  power. 

Coal  Mines  Little  More  Dangerous 
Than  Mftal  Mines 

Mr.  Martin  does  not  altogether  agree 
with  the  view  that  metalliferous  mines  are 
so  much  safer  for  workmen  than  coal 
mines.     He  suggests  that  "if  critics  had 


experience  in  both  classes  of  mining,  and 
would  bear  in  mind  the  size  of  the  huge 
cavities  in  some  of  the  metalliferous 
mines,  and  the  utter  impracticability  of 
complete  and  careful  examination  being 
made  frequently,  as  well  as  the  numerous 
dangers  met  with  in  this  class  of  mining, 
they  would  perhaps  realize  that  there  are 
sets-ofF  as  regards  dangers  in  the  one 
against  the  other.  .  .  .  Various  im- 
provements have  been  introduced  in 
Cornwall  and  further  improvements  are 
desirable  and  will  no  doubt  follow,  even 
if  slowly;  but  difficulties  exist,  prejudice 
has  its  position  in  such  matters,  money  is 
difficult  to  earn  by  working  the  mines,  and 
when  earned  it  is  perhaps  more  difficult 
to  keep  from  the  shareholders'  pockets, 
a  custom  which,  like  many  others,  dies 
hard,  although  those  who  are  steady  in- 
vestors know  in  most  cases  that  well 
directed  expenditure  may  be  desirable,  if 
rot  absolutely  necessary  from  all  points 
of  view."  R.  H.  Coulson. 

Wigan,  Eng.,  Nov.  4,  1910. 


Shaft  Plumbing 


In  the  Journal  of  July  23,  Mr.  Mac- 
Coy  contends  with  humorous  simile,  that 
a  50-  to  60-lb.  plummet  is  unnecessarily 
heavy  for  use  in  the  shaft  plumbing,  even 
under  adverse  conditions,  and  that  to  sup- 
port, for  1000  ft.,  such  a  bob  would  re- 
quire a  No.  8  wire  (0.13-in.  diameter). 
The  wire  actually  used  in  plumbing  a 
shaft  500  ft.  deep  was  approximately  0.016 
in.  in  diameter,  i.e.,  a  No.  25  B.  &  S.  gage, 
and  it  carried  a  weight  of  59  pounds. 

In  Trumbull's  "Underground  Survey- 
ing" are  given  methods  employed  in  var- 
ious mines,  from  which  the  following  ex- 
amples are  taken.  At  the  Old  Dominion 
Copper  Mining  and  Smelting  Company, 
50-lb.  lead  bobs  are  used;  in  the  Tam- 
arack No.  5  shaft,  even  with  50-lb.  bobs 
hung  on  No.  24  steel  piano  wire,  the 
wires  were  0.1  ft.  further  apart  at  the 
4000- ft.  level  than  at  the  surface.  As  an 
extreme  case  may  be  mentioned  that 
described  by  W.  E.  Downs,  where  in 
plumbing  the  unusually  wet  and  difficult 
Oneida  shaft,  2000-ft.  deep,  he  used  125- 
Ib.  plumb-bobs  hung  on  No.  12  gage  s»ft- 
drawn   iron   wire. 

The  advantage  of  using  heavy  tobs 
when  working  under  adverse  conditions, 
is,  of  course,  that  whereas  the  exposed 
surface  of  the  wire  on  which  the  air  cur- 
rents and  falling  water  act  increases  as 
the  first  power  of  the  diameter,  the 
strength  of  the  wire,  depending  on  its 
cross-sectional  area,  increases  as  the 
square  of  the  diameter;  hence  by  the  use 
of  slightly  thicker  wires  and  heavier 
plumb-bobs,  the  risk  of  serious  deflection 
of  the  lines  may  be  reduced  to  a  mini- 
mum. 

S.  B.  Greenfield. 
El  Oro,  Mexico,  Nov.  24,   1910. 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 

The  Campaign  Against  Fraud 


1045 


'  Burr  Brothers,  Incorporated,  having 
Offices  in  the  Flatiron  building.  New  York, 
was  raided  by  the  postal  authorities  on 
Nov.  21,  and  Sheldon  C.  Burr,  president, 
Eugene  H.  Burr,  secretary-treasurer,  and 
Frank  H.  Tobey,  vice-president,  were  ar- 
rested and  upon  arraignment  before  Com- 
missioner Shields  were  each  held  in  SIO,- 
000  bail.  Later  in  the  same  day  the 
Continental  Wireless  Telephone  and  Tele- 
graph Company  was  raided.  With  respect 
to  these  raids.  Postmaster-general  Hitch- 
cock made  the  following  statement: 

"Burr  Brothers  have  organized  the 
following  oil  companies:  Coalinga  Con- 
solidated, capitalized  at  .Sl.OOO.OOO;  Coal- 
inga Aladdin,  $1,000,000;  Kern-Western, 
S750,000;  Coalinga  Crude  Oil,  S500,000; 
Peoples  Associated  Oil  Company.  Sl,- 
000,000;  New  York-Coalinga,  S500,000. 
All  the  stock  in  these  companies 
has  been  sold  except  a  portion 
of  the  first  two  named  and  the  greater 
portion  of  the  money  has  evidently  gone 
into    the    hands    of    Burr    Brothers,    Inc. 

"The  Burr  Brothers  have  also  organ- 
ized, promoted  and  sold  stock  in  the  fol- 
lowing mining  companies:  Rawhide 
Tarantula,  with  a  capita!  of  SI, 000,000; 
Montezuma  Mining  and  Smelting,  with  a 
capital  of  SI. 000,000;  Montezuma  Ex- 
tension Gold  Mining,  with  a  capital  of 
S1,000,000;  Golden  Fleece  Mining,  Mill- 
ing and  Refining  Company,  with  a  capital 
of  SSOO.OOO.  Practically  the  entire  stock 
in  these  companies  has  been  sold  to  the 
public,  and  all  these  coinpanies  have  gone 
out  of  existence. 

"The  Burr  Brothers  have  also  organ- 
ized, promoted  and  sold  the  stock  of  the 
following  companies:  Ellsmere  Farm  of 
Michigan;  California  Eucalyptus  Timber 
Company,  capitalized  at  SI. 000,000,  and 
the  New  Amsterdam  Securities  Company, 
with  a  capital  of  SIOO.OOO,  which  was 
later  merged  with  Burr  Brothers.  Inc. 

Some  of  Burr  Brothers'  Alleged  Min- 
ing Companies 
"They  have  also  sold  large  amounts 
of  stock  in  the  Red  Top  Mining  and 
Leasing  Company,  capitalized  at  Sl.OOO.- 
000;  Long  Beach.  Mexico  and  Arizona 
Mining  Company,  capitalized  at  S  1.500. - 
000;  Nevada  Goldfield  Mining,  Milling 
and  Smelting  Company,  capitalized  at 
S5,000,000;  United  Standard  Lead  and 
/^inc.  capitalized  at  Sl.OOO.OOO;  Florence 
Consolidated  Mining  and  Leasing  Com- 
pany, capitalized  at  Sl.OOO.OOO;  Round 
Mountain  Central  Mining,  capitalized  at 
Sl.OOO.OOO;  Cobalt- Portage  Mine  Com- 
pany, capitalized  at  Sl.OOO.OOO;  British- 
American  Copper  Mines  and  Smelter 
Company,  capitalized  at  SS.OOO.OOO; 
Arizona  Copper-Cold  Mines  Company, 
caoifalized  at  Sl.SOO.OOO;  Searchlight 
Canina  Gold  Mining  Company,  capitalized 


at  SI, 000,000;  Holcomb  Automatic  En- 
gine Company,  capitalized  at  S5,000,000, 
and  the  Cotton  Wood  Copper  Company, 
capitalized  at  $1,000,000.  All  of  these 
companies  are  at  present  out  of  existence. 
"They  have  sold  stock  in  the  Happy 
Jack  Copper  Mining  and  Development 
Company,  capitalized  at  5500,000;  Yukon 
Basin  Gold  Dredging  Company,  capital- 
ized at  Sl.OOO.OOO;  Toledo,  Wabash  and 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  capitalized  at  St5,000,- 
000;  Chicago-New  York  Electric  Air  Line 
Railroad,  capitalized  at  $2,000,000,  in 
connection  with  the  Cooperative  Con- 
struction Company,  capitalized  at  $1,000,- 
000.  All- of  this  last  group  of  companies 
are  in  existence  at  the  present  time. 

"They  also  sold  the  stock  of  the  Vitak 
Company,  a  Sl.OOO.OOO  corporation,  which 
is  no\-  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver,  and 
they  are  at  the  present  time  also  engaged 
in  the  sale  of  lots  in  Lincoln,  N.  J.  It 
can  safely  be  said  that  they  have  sold 
stock  at  par  value  of  from  S49.000.000 
to  $50,000,000  in  the  various  companies; 
have  an  extensive  suite  of  offices  in  the 
Flatiron  building,  this  city,  and  at  times 
have  had  offices  in  Cleveland.  Chicago, 
Los  Angeles  and  San  Francisco.  During 
the  past  summer  they  were  driven  out  of 
California  by  the  State  authorities. 

"In  every  instance  they  have  promised 
large  dividends  on  the  stock  sold  in  ad- 
dition to  an  increase  In  the  value  of  the 
stock,  but  not  in  a  single  case  have  any 
of  the  companies  paid  any  dividends,  and 
as  stated  above,  practically  all  of  them 
have  been  complete  failures.  The  De- 
partment has  received  several  hundred 
complaints  from  people  who  have  bought 
this  stock  and  lost  their  money. 
*     *     *     * 

"The  arrest  today  by  postoffice  inspec- 
tors of  the  principals  in  two  important 
companies.  Burr  Brothers,  with  offices 
in  the  Flatiron  building,  and  the  Conti- 
nental Wireless  Company,  with  head- 
quarters at  56  Pine  street,  constitute  two 
more  cases  in  the  series  of  investigations 
that  the  postal  authorities  have  been 
making  in  their  crusade  against  the 
fraudulent  use  of  the  United  States  mails. 
With  the  work  accomplished  today  78 
such  cases  have  been  brought  to  a  head 
during  the  year.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
swindling  operations  of  these  78  cases 
have  filched  from  the  American  people  in 
a  period  of  five  years  over  SI 00,000,000. 

A  Crusade  in  Progress 
"The  crusrde  now  in  progress  is  the 
result  of  a  carefully  laid  plan  of  some 
months  ago,  the  first  step  in  which  was  a 
thorough  reorganization  of  the  inspection 
service,  with  the  selection  of  a  new  chief 
postoffice  inspector  and  certain  changes 
and  reassignments  in  the  force  of  in- 
spectors  in   chr>rge   of  the    15   inspection 


divisions.    As  soon  as  the  reorganization 
was  effected  instructions  were  issued,  tfl 
the   newly   assigned   inspector   in   charge 
to  take   up  and   prosecute  vigorously  all 
pending  cases  of  frauds  against  the  mails. 
Owing  to  the  extent  of  these  cases  and 
the    large    amount    of    work    involved    it 
was  necessary  to  detail   for  the  purpose 
of    investigation    a    considerable    portion 
of  the  force  of  postoffice  inspectors.    The 
best  men  in  the  service  were  selected  for 
this   work   and   were   sent   to   their   tasks 
with  the   assurance   that   the    Department 
at   Washington    would    back   them   up   to 
the  fullest  extent  in  the  work  of  prosecu- 
tion.     In   order   to   strike   at   the    root   of 
this    evil    the    Department     directed     its 
agents  to  go  after  the  men  higher  up  in 
these  gigantic  schemes  to  defraud  and  to 
allow  no  influence,  however  powerful,  to 
prevent    the    proper    punishment    of    the 
offenders.     Through  the  assistance  of  the 
Attorney-General  the   full  cooperation  of 
his  department   was  secured   in  the  suc- 
cessful  carrying  out  of  this  crusade. 
The  Policy  of  the  Administration 
"As  the  work  of  investigation  proceed- 
ed   it    became    apparent    that   the    fraud- 
ulent use  of  the  mails  was  far  more  ex- 
tensive   than    had    been    realized    by    the 
Department.    A  vast  system  of  fraud,  as 
far   reaching   in   its   ramifications   as  the 
postal  service  itself,  had  been  developed 
by    unscrupulous   men    who   through   the 
grossest  forms  of  misrepresentation  were 
stealing  from  the  people  millions  of  dol- 
lars annually.     These    fraudulent   opera- 
tions  have   not   only   swindled   thousands 
of   innocent   investors,   but    have   created 
a   lack   of  confidence   in   legitimate   busi- 
ness    enterprises.       It    is,    therefore,    as 
important  to  the   business  community  to 
have  these  frauds  stopped  as  it  is  to  the 
people   whose   losses  are   directly  trace- 
able to  them.     Formerly  the  procedure  in 
such   fraud   cases   was  entirely   different. 
It  was  the  practice  to  issue  a  fraud  order 
against  the  guilty  concern.     This  method 
proved    to    be    ineffective.      While    it   de- 
prived the  offending  concern  of  the  use 
of  the  mails  it  was  a  simple  matter  for 
its  promoters  to  reorganize  under  a  new 
name   and   thus  evade   the   law.     In   the 
Department's  present  crusade   the  prac- 
tice has  been  to  proceed  immediately  to 
the  arrest  of  the  principals  in  the  fraud- 
ulent enterprises,  the  object  being  to  se- 
cure the  prompt  conviction  and  imprison- 
ment of  the  men  who  organize  and  pro- 
mote   these   schemes   to   defraud.      The 
results  already  accomplished  by  the  De- 
partment   represent    only    the    beginning. 
The   work   of  investigation   and   prosecu- 
tion  will   proceed   with  all  possible  vigor 
until  the  swindling  of  the  people  through 
the   use    of   the    mails    is   brought   to   an 
end." 


1046 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^ 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


^^ 


Skip    Improvements 

The  new  skips  that  are  being  made 
for  the  Adams  mine,  near  Virginia, 
Minn.,  are  equipped  with  i/l-in.  compres- 
sion springs  underneath  the  crosshead 
to  lessen  the  shock  on  the  cable  when 
st.irting  to  lift  the  skip  full  of  ore.  The 
use  of  springs  on  skips  is  not  common^ 
although  they  have  been  used  on  cages. 

In  the  old  skips  two  3.\.3-in.  iron  bars 
were  used  under  the  skip  to  support  the 
load.  The  skip  is  hinged  to  one  of  these 
b-irs  for  dumping  purposes,  and  when 
vertical  simply  rests  on  the  second  one, 
marked  A.  These  two  bars  are  about  18 
in.  apart.  Dirt  will  accumulate  on  the 
top  of  A.  if  square,  and  prevent  the  skip 
from  occupying  its  true  position;  hence 
the  use  of  round  bars.     The  skip  being 


!•;  U-Bolt 


way  in  which  the  rails  form  part  of  the 
circuit.  In  this  way  only  one  wire  is  run 
into  most  of  the  mine  workings,  even 
where  electric  lights  are  in  use. 


"t;0^3'Dii 


Z7<«  Enginetrinp  ^  Mining  Journal 

Improved  Skip  at  Adams  Iron  Mine 

5  ft.  high,  V2  in.  of  dirt  or  ice  will  throw 
the  top  of  the  skip  1  2/3  in.  out  of 
plumb. 


Pipes  as  Part    of  Electric  Circuits 


At  the  Baltic  mine,  Palatka,  Mich.,  the 
air,  water  and  steam  pipes  in  the  shaft 
are  bonded  together  at  the  upper  and 
lower  ends  and  are  used  as  a  ground 
line  for  the  electric  circuit.  Only  one 
copper  cable  is  run  down  the  shaft.  This 
cable  is  insulated  and  is  supported  by 
glass  insulators  on  every  alternate  set 
of  timbers. 

While  this  does  save  in  the  cost  of 
copper  cables  and  makes  one  less  wire 
to  maintain  in  the  shaft  it  seems  that  elec- 
trolysis would  deteriorate  the  pipes  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  more  than  offset  the 
advantages  gained.  Wherever  it  is  pos- 
sible in  the  mine,  the  pipes  and  the  car 
tracks  arc  used  as  the  return  part  of  the 
circuit,  the  same  as  in  an  electric  tram- 


The  Kidney   Pulp  Distributer 


By  Claude  T.  Rice 


The  one  completed  section  of  the  Ohio 
Copper  Company's  mill  at  Lark,  Utah, 
is  treating  without  any  crowding  about 
30  per  cent,  more  ore  than  it  was  de- 
signed to  handle.  One  of  the  explana- 
tions for  this  no  doubt  is  the  system  of 
leaking  tailings  on  most  of  the  tables 
rnd  then  cleaning  the  dirty  concentrates 
from  these  tables  on  other  tables  where 
closer  watch  can  be  kept.  There  is  thus 
a  heavy  feed  of  sulphide  to  the  secondary 
t:'.bles  so  that  in  the  riffles  the  smaller 
grains  are  covered  by  the  larger  ones, 
and  so  are  somewh::t  protected  from  the 
force  of  the  current  required  to  wash  off 
the  larger  particles  of  the  gangue  min- 
erals. But  another  explanation  unques- 
tionably is  found  in  the  exceptionally 
even  distribution  of  the  pulp  to  the  dif- 
ferent tables  that  is  obtained  in  this  mill. 
In  the  treatment  of  large  tonnages,  es- 
pecially where  there  is  a  wild  attempt  to 
load  every  device  to  the  limit,  as  is  the 
present  tendency  at  many  mills,  it  is  im- 
portant to  have  the  pulp  distributed 
equally  to  the  different. 

The  Kidney  distributer,  which  is  used 
at  the  Oh:o  mill,  was  devised  by  William 
Kidney,  superintendent  and  also  the  de- 
signer of  the  mill  and  the  system  of 
concentration  used.  This  distributer  has 
one  drawback,  i.e.,  whenever  the  feed 
has  to  be  shut  off  from  one  table  or 
unit  that  is  being  fed  by  the  distributer, 
the  equilibrium  of  the  fesd  to  the  other 
tables  is  disturbed,  as  will  become 
evident  when  the  construction  of  the  dis- 
tributer is  understood. 

A  Compartment  for  Each  Device  Fed 

An  accompanying  halftone  illustration 
shows  the  general  appearance,  of  the 
distributer,  while  the  line  drawing  shows 
the  details  of  the  design.  The  distributer 
consists  of  a  rotating  cylinder  with  feed- 
ing lip,  into  which  is  led  all  the  pulp 
going  to  the  tables  or  other  devices  that 
the  distributer  is  serving.  This  feed 
cylinder  stands  in  the  center  of  an  an- 
nular wooden  tank  which  is  divided  by 
partitions  into  as  many  compartments 
as  there  are  devices  to  be  fed.  The  size 
of   this   annular   tank    is   such    that    the 


different  compartments  just  empty  them- 
selves during  one  revolution  of  the  feed 
spout.  This  assures  an  even  feed  to  the 
different  compartments,  but  in  all  cases 
at  the  Ohio  mill  a  thickener  or  else  a 
feed  box  is  used  before  each  of  the 
tables  or  the  Chilean  mills. 

Feed    Is    Equally    Distributed 
The  feed  cylinder  rotates  at  15  r.p.m., 
and  necessarily,  s.s  the  speed  spout  passes 


Tilt  Etiyineerinc  f 

Section  .«."....  ^-™«t 

Arrangement  of  Kidney  Pulp  Dis- 
tributer 

at  uniform  speed  over  the  annular  tank 
and  as  the  compartments  are  all  of  equal 
size  and  are  similar  in  shape,  each  device 
gets  an  equal  and  similar  feed.  The 
feed  from  each  compartment  is  taken 
by  a  short  3-in.  gas  pipe  to  one  of  the 
component  launders  of  the  trunk 
launder  serving  one  group  of  devices. 
By  the  use  of  these  trunk  launders  the 
confusion  overhead,  caused  mainly  by  the 
individual-launder  system,  is  avoided. 
The  accompanying  halftone  cut  shows 
the  trunk  launder  leading  away  from  one 
of  these  distributers. 

Details  of  Construction 
The  distributer  is  driven  by  a  system 
of   bevel   gears   so   as   to   cut   down  the 


November  23,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


104'( 


speed,  as  the  driving  belt  comes  from  the 
main  shafting.  In  order  to  take  the 
wear,  the  revolving  feed  cylinder  is  pro- 
vided with  a  sheet-steel  lining.  The  cy- 
linder itself  is  made  of  cast  iron,  while 
the  annular  tank  is  made  of  wood.  The 
end  of  the  shaft  that  carries  the  feed 
cylinder  extends  below  the  bottom  of  the 
tank  and  rests  in  a  step  bearing.  The 
outer  staves  of  the  annul-r  tink  are  cO 
in.  long  so  as  to  take  the  slop  of  the 
heavy  feed  which  in  several  instances 
goes  to  the  distributer.  The  inside  staves 
are  16  in.  high.  The  dividing  partitions 
are  only  fastjned  by  means  of  nails 
so  that  they  can  be  changed  in  case  it 
becomes  necessary.  All  bearings  are 
equipped  with  grease-cup  oilers. 


View  of   Kidney    Pulp   Distributer   :n 
Ohio  Copper  Mill 

Distributers  Have  Given  Satisfaction 
IN  Ohio  Mill 
If  for  any  reason  it  is  necessary  to 
cut  off  the  feed  to  any  one  of  the  de- 
vices served,  a  plug  is  put  in  the  dis- 
charge pipe  from  that  compartment  of 
the  distributer.  But  obviously  this  causes 
that  compartment  to  fill  with  pulp,  and 
then  the  portion  of  the  pulp  that  should 
go  to  the  device  which  is  shut  down, 
is  thrown  into  the  two  neighboring  com- 
partments, producing  an  overload  in 
these.  But  this  is  a  small  drawback  to 
the  distributer,  for  such  a  condition  is 
only  a  temporary  disturbance.  Other- 
wise an  absolutely  even  fe^d  is  ob- 
tained by  means  of  this  distributer  and 
during  the  nine  months  that  the  Ohio 
copper  mill  has  been  in  operation  these 


distributers  bave  all  worked  satisfac- 
torily. They  are  used  throughout  the 
mill  wherever  it  is  necessary  to  divide 
the  feed  going  to  different  devices. 
The  distributers  can,  if  necessary,  be 
mounted  one  above  another  on  the  same 
shaft,  but  the  necessity  for  doing  that 
would  seldom  arise. 

Since  the  obtaining  of  a  maximum,  ton- 
nage and  efficiency  of  concentration 
from  a  given  equipment  depends  mainly 
upon  giving  an  equal  load  to  each  of  the 
individuals  in  the  unit,  the  use  of  this 
or  some  similar  distributer  is  of  great 
advantage  in  concentrating  mills.  Good 
work  is  impossible  when  one  table  is 
underloaded  at  the  expense  of  an  over- 
load on  another  table.  Cyanide  men 
have  realized  this  for  some  time  and 
mill  men  are  gradually  appreciating  this 
fact.  The  Kidney  distributer  is  not  pat- 
ented and  can  be  used  by  anyone  without 
the  payment  of  royalty.  The  distributers 
are  rather  expensive  to  make,  but  they 
soon  pay  for  themselves  where  large 
tonnages  are  being  treated. 


Poisoning  by  Cyanide 


The  committee  of  the  Mining  Regula- 
tions Commission  of  Transvaal,  appoint- 
ed to  look  into  the  matter  of  poisoning 
by  cyanide,  circularized  mine  managers, 
cyanide  managers  and  the  leading  metal- 
lurgists  in  the   Transvaal. 

From  55  replies  received,  the  following 
conclusions  were  reached:  (1)  That 
cyaniding  is  per  se  a  healthful  occupation ; 
(2)  that  the  number  of  fatal  cases  of 
cyanide  poisoning  by  drinking  is  compar- 
tively  small  and  attributable  almost 
without  exception  to  carelessness  or 
pure  accidents;  (3)  that  cyanide  eczema, 
.  occasionally  noticed  among  those  who 
have  to  handle  zinc  shavings  in  the  pre- 
cipitation boxes,  is  unknown  where  the 
cyanide  solution  is  replaced  by  water 
previous  to  the  zinc  shavings  being  hand- 
led; (4)  that  many  cases  of  "gassing" 
occur  among  those  who  are  engaged  in 
treating  the  gold  slimes  from  zinc-ex- 
tractor boxes  by  the  acid  process,  on 
account  of  the  hydrocyanic  acid  gas  and 
the  arseniurctted  hydrogen  given  off. 

Preventive  Measures 

The  necessary  preventive  measures 
suggested  by  the  foregoing  considera- 
tions include  the  following:  (1)  The 
provision  of  an  adequate  supply  of 
wholesome  drinking  water  about  plants 
and  assay  offices,  the  same  to  be  dis- 
tinctly labeled  "Orinking  Water;"  {2) 
the  replacement  of  strong  cyanide  solu- 
tion used  in  the  precipitation  boxes  bv 
water  previous  to  the  zinc  being  handled; 
(v3Uhe  effective  hooding  of  the  dissolving 
bath  in  which  the  gold  prccioitates  are 
treated,  and  the  use  of  some  form  of 
mechanical  aglt-'tion  in  order  to  elimin- 
ate the  necessity  of  raising  the  hood. 


Treatment  of  Cases  of  Accidental 
Poisoning 

It  is  recommended,  that  boxes  labeled 
"Antidotes  for  Cyanide,"  with  directions 
for  use  affixed  to  the  lids  of  the  boxes, 
should  be  kept  in  prominent  and  easily 
accessible  parts  of  the  cyanide  plants. 
Each  box  should  contain:  A  spoon  and 
a  metal  receptacle  to  hold  about  one 
pint;  one  blue  hermetically  sealed  vial 
containing  30  c.c.  of  33  per  cent,  solution 
of  ferrous  sulphate;  a  white  vial  con- 
taining 30  c.c.  of  caustic  potash,  and  one 
package  of  oxide  of  magnesium  (light). 
The  directions  for  the  use  of  the  antidote 
should  be  as   follows: 

Preparation  of  Antidote — Quickly 
empty  the  contents  of  the  blue  vial,  of 
the  white  vial,  and  of  the  magnesia  pack- 
age into  the  metal  receptacle,  and  stir 
v.ell  with  the  spoon.  This  should  be 
done  as  rapidly  as  possible,  as  the  pa- 
tient's chance  of  life  depends  on  prompt- 
ness. 

Administration  of  the  Antidote — If  the 
patient  is  conscious  make  him  swallow 
the  mixture  at  once,  and  lie  down  for  a 
few  minutes.  If  the  patient  is  not  con- 
scious, place  him  on  his  back  and  pour 
the  mixture  down  his  throat  in  small 
quantities,  if  necessary  pinching  his  nose 
in  order  to  make   him   swallow. 

Incite  Vomiting — After  the  antidote 
has  been  given,  try  to  make  the  patient 
vomit  by  tickling  the  back  of  the  threat 
with  a  feather  or  with  the  fingers,  or 
giving  a  tumblerful  of  warm  water  and 
mustard. 


Moisture  as  a  Source  of  Error    in 
Assay  Reports 


By  George  A.  James* 


The  item  of  moisture,  although  of  vital 
importance  in  the  accurate  calculation 
of  mill  savings  and  cyanide  results,  seems 
to  be  more  honored  in  the  breach  than 
the  observance.  I  recall  few  references 
to  It  in  text  books,  and  seldom  see  an 
evidence  of  its  observance  in  reports. 

If  a  sample  reaches  the  assay  office  dry 
enough  to  pass  readily  the  sieves  used. 
It  is  taken  for  granted  that  the  sample  is 
dry;  but  If  one  has  had  experience  In 
any  ore-purchasing  company,  this  detail 
is  found  the  Nemesis  of  ore  buyers,  and 
the  chief  cause  of  the  popular  belief  that 
they  are,  in  general,  thieves.  It  is  the 
exception  when  ore  is  found  running  less 
than  2  per  cent,  moisture,  and  in  cases, 
I  have  seen  seemingly  dry  samples,  with 
moisture  exceeding  10  per  cent.  It  is  ob- 
vious that  where  this  rrror  is  not  con- 
sidered, returns  will  have  a  ridiculous  re- 
lation to  facts.  Moisture  is  invariably 
found.   Where  samples  are  properly  dried 

•Assaycr,  Snn   I'tancisco.  CaL 


1048 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,   1910. 


in  the  water  bath  the  error  is  bad  enough, 
but  in  cases  where  combined  water  is  ex- 
pelled by  heat  above  100  deg.  C,  the 
error  is  increased  proportionally. 

The  final  result  in  most  metallurgical 
processes  is  determined  by  the  loss  in 
tailings,  and  as  these  are  usually  recov- 
ered from  solutions  and  are  well  dried 
(or  even  roasted),  before  assays  are 
made,  the  losses  are  estimated  from  con- 
centrated samples  as  against  an  original 
value  in  diluted  samples.  The  same  er- 
ror is  involved  in  most  work  of  the  assay 
office.  Mine  samples  are  generally  as- 
sayed without  allowance  for  moisture, 
and  ore  reserves  estimated  on  dry 
weights. 

Reabsorption  of  Moisture  Causes 
Trouble 

Assayers  who  have  chemical  exper- 
ience, well  know  the  difficulties  of  keep- 
ing samples  dry  long  enough  for  accurate 
weighing,  and  as  the  fineness  or  floccu- 
lency  increases,  this  trouble  is  augmented 
greatly.  By  actual  test,  in  the  climate  of 
San  Francisco,  a  fused  silicate  was  found 
to  have  absorbed  nearly  20  per  cent,  of 
moisture  and  gases  in  four  hours'  expos- 
ure in  the  open  air.  It  has  a  large  influ- 
ence on  control  and  umpire  work.  The 
check  samples  are  generally  submitted 
for  assay  in  paper  bags,  and  when  fin- 
ally they  reach  the  assayer.  they  have 
had  time  to  reabsorb  moisture  rarely  less 
than  2  per  cent. 

The  final  error  is  vastly  greater  in  the 
case  of  cyanide  precipitates,  .  sulphides 
and  jewellers'  sweeps  and  rich  samples 
in  general,  for  in  such  cases  modern  cus- 
tom demands  extreme  fineness  of  sample; 
thus  it  happens  the  longer  the  shipper 
keeps  his  sample,  or  the  further  it  is  sent 
to  umpire,  the  greater  chance  he  has  of 
standing  the  cost  of  said  assay,  and  los- 
ing the  contest.  The  proof  of  this  may  be 
had  by  heating  any  sample  of  pulp  in  a 
test  tube  and  observing  the  moisture  that 
will  condense  in  the  cold  portion  of  the 
glass  from  the  steam  expelled. 

Although  these  things  may  be  consid- 
ered by  assayers,  as  yet  they  have  not 
come  to  my  notice  in  assay  reports  I 
have  seen.  I  shall  not  call  attention  to 
cases  not  mentioned  in  the  above  where 
such  errors  may  have  a  bearing;  but 
many  suggest  themselves.  Perhaps  the 
seeming  increase  in  value  of  some  mines 
v.-ith  depth  may  be  because  of  the  com- 
parison of  undried  samples  of  the  upper, 
with   dried   samples   of  the   lower  levels. 


A  Simple    Device   for   Cross 
Hatching 


According  to  a  report  made  to  the  Geo- 
logical Society  of  Mexico  by  Prof.  Juan  S. 
Agraz,  a  meteorite  found  on  the  Arenalas 
ranch,  88  km.  northwest  of  Durango.  con- 
tained: Iron,  96.60  per  cent.;  nickel,  0.99; 
cobalt,  2.39;  carbon.  0.13.  This  is  the 
first  time  carbon  has  been  reported  in 
any  of  the  many  meteorites  found  in  Mex- 
ico. 


By  W.  H.  Faulkner* 


A  simple  but  effective  device  was  sug- 
gested to  me  while  laboriously  attempt- 
ing in  the  smallest  possible  time  to  make 
some  cross-hatching  appear  presentable. 
A  modification  by  which  it  could 
be  applied  to  any  size  of  block 
lettering,  and  to  any  interval  of 
spacing  in  the  cross-hatching  sug- 
gested itself  to  me;  the  following  de- 
scription is  given  in  the  hope  that  others 
may  find  it  useful.  The  apparatus  in  its 
simplest  form  consists  of  a  templet,  made 
cf  a  pieceof  wood,  about  ^4  inch  thick, 
shaped  as  shown  by  E  in  the  diagram 
with  the  distance  between  the  butts  A  and 


Tite  Engineering  j-  .Vinin-j  Jouj-nal 

Cross-hatching   Device 

B  long  enough  to  allow  one  side  of  a 
triangle  to  be  placed  between  them,  and 
leave  a  space  equal  to  the  width  required 
for  the  component  parts  of  the  letters,  or 
the  spacing  of  the  line  in  cross-hatching. 
A  templet  made  in  this  way  can,  of 
course,  only  be  used  (except  by  the  use 
ct  different-sized  triangles)  for  a  particu- 
lar interval.  This  inconvenience  is  over- 
come by  a  slight  modification,  by  which 
one  of  the  butts  is  made  adjustable. 

The  method  of  use  is  as  follows:  The 
triangle  is  placed  with  its  edge  C  against 
the  butt  B.  The  triangle  is  then  held 
down  firmly  with  the  fingers  and  the 
templet  slid  along  with  the  thumb,  so  that 
the  butt  A  is  brought  against  the  corner 
D;  then  holding  the  templet  firmly  with 
the  thumb,  the  triangle  is  moved  along 
with  the  figure  over  the  space  left  by  the 
previous  movement  of  the  templet,  until 
the  edge  C  again  comes  in  contact  with 
the  butt  B.  In  this  way,  by  the  alter- 
nate movements  of  triangle  and  templet 
the  triangle  is  brought  into  successive  po- 
sitions at  equal  distances  apart.  One 
hand  only  is  needed  in  the  manipulation, 
the  other  being  left  free  for  the  pencil. 
In  the  diagram,  S  is  a  straigbt-edge, 
firmly  held  in  position,  parallel  to  the  di- 
rection of  the  lettering,  and  along  which 
the  templet  is  moved.  Care  must  be  taken 
that  each  piece  is  alternately  held  tirnily. 
while  the  other  is  being  moved,  and  the 
tendency  of  the  templet  to  move  away 
fiom  the  straight-edge  must  be  avoided, 
but  with  a  little  practice  no  trouble  is 
experienced  from  this. 


Block  Lettering 

For  block  lettering  the  templet  is  ad- 
justed to  leave  a  space  between  the 
triangle  and  butt  equal  to  the  thickness 
of  the  component  parts  of  the  letters.  The 
usual  six  parallel  lines  are  then  drawn, 
at  the  set  width  apart,  and  the  spacing 
for  the  letters  then  marked  off.  Further 
time  can  be  saved  by  omitting  the  un- 
necessary lines,  counting  up  the  space  as 
one  proceeds,  and  only  making  outlines 
of  the  letters. 

This  method  will  be  found  to  produce 
better  results  in  a  shorter  time  than  the 
usual  tedious  method  of  spacing,  by  tnov- 
ing  a  triangle  along  a  scale,  where  much 
time  is  lost  in  seeing  that  the  scale  di- 
vision and  triangle  correspond.  For  cross- 
hatching  in  which  the  spaces  do  not  have 
to  be  counted  up.  the  results  are  still 
more  satisfactory. 

The  principle  is,  of  course,  that  of  the 
section  liner;  but  the  apparatus  described 
can  be  easily  and  quickly  made  on  the 
premises;  whereas  a  section  liner  might 
be  considered  an  unnecessary  luxury, 
where  its  use  is  only  required  occasion- 
ally. 


Self    Oiling    Roller 


By  L.  W.  Armstrong* 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
serviceable  and  convenient  roller  devised 
by  Robert  L.  Armstrong,  foreman  of  the 
Copper  King  mine.  It  is  made  up  of  pipe 
fittings  on  hand  at  any  mine  with  a  length 


M  Bushiug. 

Reducer  2'- 


,2  Pipe 


p^ 


Mffxii'.!   Mill.' 


.r  r:i  i>ro.  i;i  Oi-4 


Mi>xic 


'Filled  witli  Oil- 
saturated  Wnstc 

Tr<c  Enjiiiceritvj  j  .Vifijit.,  JoMrnitt 

Self-oiling  Roller 

of  round  soft  steel  or  wrought  iron  either 
machined  or  in  the  rough,  for  an  axle. 

The  rollers  in  use  here  are  made  up 
of  a  6-in.  length  of  2-in.  pipe;  two  re- 
ducers, 2  in.  to  1  in.;  two  faced-bushings 
reducing  1  in.  to  ^i;  in.,  reamed  to  depth 
of  thread;  and,  for  axles,  soft  steel 
turned  to  the  inside  diameter  of  the 
bushings.  The  roller  is  made  self-oiling 
b\  filling  with  oil-saturated  waste.  The 
ends  of  the  axle  may  be  fastened  rigidly 
to  bearers  or  may  be  set  in  bearings  and 
allowed  to  rotate  with  the  rest  of  the 
roller.  An  axle  of  greater  diameter  may 
he  used,  turning  down  the  ends  only  and 
leaving  shoulders  to  bear  against  the  in- 
side faces  of  the  bushings;  this  will  pre- 
vent any  sidewise  movement  of  the  roller. 
With  proper  combination  of  fittings  any 
size  roller  can  be  made.  Malleable-iron 
Fittings  are  better  than  cast-iron. 

•SiiiMTinli'tuliMit.  Now  Kngland  &  Pllfton 
t'l'ljp'T    ('(Hiii)!in.v.    ('Iiftt>n.    .\riz. 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1049 


A   Portable    Winch 


An  Air    Moil    for   Cutting  Timber 
Hitches. 


A  portable  winch  is  an  extremely  use- 
ful piece  of  machinery  at  any  mining  op- 
eration. At  the  Republic  mine.  Republic, 
Mich.,  an  ordinary  hand  winch  is 
mounted  upon  a  heavy  frame  which  in 
turn  is  mounted  upon  trucks  for  a  stand- 
ard-gage track.  A  7'j-h.p.  electric  motor 
is  also  mounted  on  the  same  frame  and 
connected  by  belt  to  the  pinion  shaft 
which  operates  the  drum.  A  friction 
clutch  is  used  to  throw  the  drum  in  gear. 
This  winch  can  be  moved  to  any  point 
where  there  is  a  car  track  and  is  easily 
anchored  by  fastening  to  the  rails,  or  by 
means  of  chains  to  stakes  in  the  ground. 
Where  electric  power  is  available,  this  ar- 
rangement is  quite  satisfactory,  as  power 
can  be  obtained  from  any  point  along 
the  line.  The  entire  apparatus  is  not  so 
heavy    but    that    it    can    be    moved    over 


By  S.  H.  Hill* 


In  the  Lake  Superior  district  it  has 
been  customary  to  cut  the  hitches  re- 
quired in  timbering  by  hand,  usually  with 
a  moil.  However,  since  a  great  number 
of  tirst-class  air-hammer  drills  have  come 
upon  the  market  the  use  of  an  air  moil 
for  this  work  has  met  with  favor  upon 
the  grounds  of  economy  and  speed.  The 
air  moil  can,  nf  course,  only  be  used  in 
headings  that  are  piped  for  air.  A  reducer 
can  be  used  on  the  end  of  the  pipe  and 
air  for  the  hand  tool  taken  from  the  nip- 
ple used  for  heading  machines.  However, 
this  necessitates  doing  the  hitch  cutting 
or  squaring  when  the  heading  machines 
are  not  in  use  or  while  one  of  them  has 


m$$g^^^^^^^^^!x^4s.x-^-<-^.V""  "•''•-■'■"  "  ■""■■'"  ^'"■-■' 


Hand  Air-hammer  Drill  Usei5  \s'ith     Moil  Bit 


smooth  ground  without  the  aid  of  rails. 
This  one  is  used  where  a  temporary  hoist 
is  required,  and  also  in  the  erection  of 
trestles  for  car  tracks  on  stock  piles. 


A  Use  for  Old  Boiler  Tubes 


At  one  of  the  mines  in  Michigan  the 
superintendent  built  a  fence  around  his 
fifice  in  which  he  utilized  a  large  number 
of  old  boiler  tubes  which  had  been  dis- 
carded from  the  s*?am  plant.  Later  on  a 
delegation  of  the  directors  and  owners 
of  the  property  visited  the  mine  and  in 
a  pleasant  way  reminded  him  that  such 
fences  were  expensive  when  using  3-in. 
tubing  that  could  be  used  for  other  pur- 
poses. Thi;  directors,  however,  did  not 
f;now  that  the  superintendent  had  utilized 
i5te  materia!  in  building  his  fence.  Upon 
1  forming  the  directors  that  such  was  the 
•Tse  the  manager  was  complimented  upon 
iiaking  use  of  scrap  material. 

In  using  boiler  tubes  for  fences  about 
he  only  work  required  is  cutting  off  the 
^roken  ends,  and  making  all  the  tubes  of 
Jniform  length.  The  posts  need  onlv  be 
>f  ordinary  size — large  enough  to  be 
)ored  to  receive  the  tubes. 


been  purposely  stopped.  The  introduc- 
tion of  a  manifold  on  the  end  of  air 
pipe,  having  one  opening  especially  for 
the  hand  tool  is  more  satisfactory. 

A  standard  tool,  such  as  shown  in  the 
accompanying  illustration,  of  the  Hornet 
hand  hammer  drill  manufactured  by  the 
IngersoU-Rand  Company,  is  used  for  this 
work.  The  hand  drills  now  on  the  mar- 
ket vary  in  weight  from  20  lb.  up.  The 
bushing  A  for  the  drill  steel  is  removable 
from  the  cylinder  upon  the  removal  of 
dowel  pin  C,  which  is  held  in  place  by 
snap  spring  R.  As  is  seen,  quite  a  re- 
cess is  afforded  betw-een  the  rear  end  of 
the  bushing  A  and  the  front  end  of  anvil 
block  D.  In  practice,  steel  of  proper 
form  to  fit  whatever  bushing  the  drill  is 
equipped  with,  is  used.  One  end  of  this 
steel  is  shaped  into  a  moil  bitf  which  at 
no  place  can  exceed  the  diameter  of  the 
steel  itself)  and  the  other  end  upset  in 
such  a  way  that  i*  will  ride  easily  in  the 
recess  between  the  bushing  and  anvil 
block,  and  at  the  same  time  the  steel  will 
be  prevented  from  being  shot  froin  the 
drill  in  case  the  moil  is  not  tight  against 
the  ground.  The  moil  can  be  removed 
from  the  hammer  drill  by  removing  snap 

•218  Provlflonco  ImiMins.    nnliiHi    ■Minn. 


spring  B,  dowel  pin  C  and  pulling  out 
both  the  moil  and  bushing.  The  bushing 
can  then  be  taken  from  the  moil  by  simply 
slipping  it  over  the  point.  The  use  of  the 
above-described  contrivance  means  a  sav- 
ing of  time.  There  is  also  a  possibility  of 
making  use  of  this  outfit  in  sampling 
breasts,  etc. 


Illuminating  Screen   for  Under- 
ground Surveying 


By  Lee  Fraser* 


For  iHuminating  the  point  of  sight  in 
underground  surveying,  it  is  customary 
to  place  the  light  behind  the  bob,  inter- 


^ 


II 

.C 

II 

^ ■ 4, 

tl 1 fT 

1  1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

'B 

1 
1 

1  1 

1  t 
1  1 

Tracing  Cloth 
B, 

.1  1 

/■ 

SCRF.EN     FOR    ILLUMINATING    PlUMB    LiNh 

posing  a  transparent  paper  or  tracing 
cloth.  For  preserving  the  paper  or 
cloth  in  good  condition,  and  in  a  manner 
convenient  for  ready  use,  the  simple  de- 
vice shown  in  the  accompanying  figure 
gives   excellent   satisfaction. 

The  tracing  cloth  or  paper  is  wound 
on  one  of  the  round  rollers  A,  and  then 
wound  back  on  the  other  for  a  short 
distance;  the  dividers  H  are  inserted  as 
shown  and  the  frame  held  together  by 
two  rubber  bands  C.  When  one  por- 
tion of  the  cloth  becomes  soiled  it  may 
easily  be  rolled  off  and  replaced  by  a 
clean  section  For  convenience  in  carry- 
ing, the  dividers  may  be  removed  and 
the  screen  rolled  up  and  placed  in  a 
metal  tube. 


The  Southern  Power  Company,  of 
Charlotte.  N.  C,  will  build  an  experi- 
mental plant  for  the  manufacture  of  air- 
nitrate  fertilizers. 


•MInlnR  pnelnopv.  Boston  mino,  Puntaronns, 
rnstn   Itlcn.  r.  .\. 


1050 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


Canal  Zone  Meeting  of  American  Institute 


SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  steamer  "Prinz  August  Wilhelm," 
with  the  excursion  party  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  returned  to 
New  York  Nov.  16,  the  trip  having  been 
carried  out  in  a  way  most  satisfactory  to 
those  '.'ho  joined  in  it.  The  stay  on  the 
Isthrr  .s  of  Panama  was  long  enough  to 
give  opportunity  for  a  tho.ough  examina- 
tion of  the  canal  works. 

As  noted  in  the  Journal  last  week,  the 
party  arrived  in  Colon  on  the  morning 
of  Tuesday,  Nov.  1,  and  was  received  by 
Col.  George  W.  Goethals,  Lt.  Col.  H.  F. 
Hodges,  Lt.  Col.  D.  D.  Gailard,  Lt.  Col. 
William  L.  Sibert,  Civil  Engineer  H.  H. 
Rousseau,  Maj.  Eugene  T.  Wilson,  and 
others  of  the  staff.  After  luncheon  on 
the  steamer  the  party  proceeded  by  spe- 
cial train  direct  to  the  Tivoli  hotel,  at  An- 
con,  on  the  Pacific  side  of  the  Isthmus, 
arriving  late  in  the  afternoon.  The  rain 
which  had  threatened  all  morning  oblig- 
ingly held  aloft  until  after  the  train  had 
started  and  the  shower  was  over  before 
arrival  at  Ancon.  The  hotel  proved  a 
delightful  surprise;  modern  in  every  re- 
spect, rooms  large,  airy  and  cool,  private 
baths,  large  ball  room,  billiard  room.  etc. 
Also  and  equally  to  the  point,  the  cuisine 
was  excellent  in  every  respect. 

On  Wednesday,  Nov.  2,  a  special  train 
took  the  travelers  through  the  Culebnx 
cut,  nine  miles  long.  All  branches  of 
excavation  and  transportation  were 
studied:  Churn  and  air  drilling;  steam- 
sliovel  work;  loading  and  unloading 
cars.  In  the  afternoon  a  reception  was 
given  the  members  by  President  Aros- 
amena,  of  the  Republic  of  Panama. 

Independence   Day 

Nov.  3  was  the  seventh  anniversary  of 
the  independence  of  the  republic  and 
was  observed  as  a  public  holiday.  A 
trip  was  made  to  Culebra  for  study  of 
models  of  the  Gatun  and  Piedro  Miguel 
dams  and  locks.  In  the  city  of  Panama 
there  were  masquerades,  fireworks,  etc. 
President  Arosamena  gave  a  public  re- 
ception in  the  afternoon,  and  in  the 
evening  the  entire  party  was  the  guest  of 
W.  L.  Sanders  at  the  Nacional  theater, 
where  the  "Merry  Widow"  was  given  in 
Spanish. 

The  following  day  the  locks  and  dam 
at  Piedro  Miguel  and  Miraflores  were  m- 
spected  as  was  also  the  western  half  of 
the  relocated  line  of  the  Panama  rail- 
road. In  the  afternoon  an  excursion  was 
made  by  train  and  tug  to  the  western  end 
of  the  canal.  The  fifth  session  of  the  in- 
stitute was  held  at  the  Tivoli  hotel  that 
evening,  when  Col.  W.  C.  Gorgas  gave  i 
talk  on  the  work  of  the  sanitation  de- 
partment   of    the    Isthmus,    followed    by 


W.  P.  Hayes,  of  Washington,  on  the  geol- 
ogy of  the  Isthmus,  and  illustrated  lec- 
tures on  the  diamond  and  gold  mines  of 
the  Rand,  by  Gardner  F.  Williams. 

Visit  to  the  Island  of  Taboca 

On  Saturday,  Nov.  5,  a  train  and  tug 
excursion  was  made  to  the  island  of 
Taboga,  1 1  miles  across  the  bay  from 
Balboa,  and  of  both  scenic  and  historic 
interest.  The  climate  of  the  island  is 
most  salubrious,  and  the  large  sanitar- 
ium erected  by  the  French  is  still  used 
as  a  health  retreat  for  the  employees  of 
the  Isthmus.  The  ancient  and  quaint  vil- 
lage on  the  island  was  visited  and  a  spe- 
cial call  was  made  to  the  historic  church 
of  San  Pedro,  where  Balboa  attended 
mass  on  one  of  his  journeys  to  the  Pa- 
cific. Many  of  the  party  enjoyed  a  swim 
in  the  warm  waters  of  the  Pacific,  and 
then  followed  a  hearty  luncheon  at  the 
sanitarium.  To  illustrate  the  salubrious- 
ness  of  the  island,  there  the  sun  shone 
brightly,  the  air  was  balmy,  almost  crisp; 
yet  on  the  mainland — 11  miles  away — 
the  hills  and  mountains  were  enshrouded 
with  heavy  clouds  and  rain  seemed  to  be 
falling  everywhere.  The  party  returned 
by  steamer  to  Balboa,  just  after  the  rain 
had  ceased;  thence  to  the  quarry  on  An- 
con hill,  which  was  viewed  with  interest. 
The  No.  12  gyratory  crusher  seemed  to 
appreciate  its  duties  and  was  devouring 
rock  at  the  rate  of  400  tons  per  hour. 
The  day  closed  with  a  reception,  dance 
and  collation  at  the  Tivoli  hotel,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Institute  party. 

On  Sunday,  the  party  attended  services 
at  St.  Luke's  church,  followed  by  an  in- 
teresting visit  to  the  hospital,  on  the  in- 
vitation of  Colonel  Gorgas  and  his  as- 
sistants. The  afternoon  was  spent  in 
various  ways,  according  to  individual 
tastes;  driving  in  the  Sabana  country, 
viewing  the  excellent  set  of  official  photo- 
graphs at  the  hotel,  visiting  important 
places  in  Panama,  etc. 

The  sixth  session  of  the  institute  was 
held  in  the  evening  at  the  Tivoli,  and 
the  following  papers,  illustrated  by  lantern 
slides,  were  presented  by  the  authors: 

"Recent  Development  in  the  Undercut- 
ting of  Coal  by  Machinery."  by  Edward 
W.  Parker;  "The  Manufacture  of  Elec- 
trical Mining  Machinery,"  by  David  B. 
Rushmore;  "A  Popular  Lecture  on  South 
Africa,  Including  Its  Big  Game,"  by 
Gardner  F.  Williams. 

On  Monday,  Nov.  7,  the  party  took  a 
special  train  over  the  eastern  half  of  the 
relocation  of  the  Panama  Railroad  to 
Gatun.  It  rained  heavily  while  on  the 
train — 3.28  in.  in  59  min.  Fortunately, 
the  rain  ceased  before  the  train  reached 


Gatun.  The  imposing  dam  and  spillway 
were  visited  and  studied.  Luncheon  was 
taken  at  the  department  hotel  at  Gatun. 
In  the  afternoon  the  locks  were  studied 
in  detail,  light  rain  falling  for  a  few 
moments  only. 

The  Start  for  Home 

On  Tuesday,  Nov.  8,  the  party  returned 
to  the  steamer  which  left  Colon  at 
noon.  The  following  day  the  seventh  ses- 
sion of  the  institute  was  held,  the  topic 
being  the  canal.  On  Nov.  10,  the  steamer 
arrived  at  Kingston,  where  a  morning 
was  spent  ashore.  D.  W.  Brunton  enter- 
tained the  party  at  luncheon  at  the  Hotel 
Myrtle  Bank. 

On  Friday  the  eighth  session  was  held 
and  on  Saturday  the  ninth.  At  these  meet- 
ings were  presented,  "The  Development 
of  Water  Power  in  Montana,  and  the 
Electrical  Pneumatic  Hoisting  Plant  for 
the  Mines  of  the  Anaconda  Company  at 
Butte,"  by  C.  W.  Goodale;  "Conservation 
in  the  Preparation  of  Anthracite  for  the 
Market,"  by  W.  S.  Ayres;  "Report  of  the 
Delegates  of  the  Institute  Attending  the 
Convention  of  the  American  Mining  Con- 
gress at  Los  Angeles,"  by  D.  W.  Brun- 
ton; and  "The  Report  of  the  Committee 
on  Uniform  Mining  Laws  for  the  Preven- 
tion of  Accidents  to  Miners." 

Communicating  with  the  President 

Late  on  the  night  of  Nov.  11,  on  the 
return  trip,  the  steamer  passed  within 
about  five  miles  of  the  cruiser  "Ten- 
nessee," on  its  way  to  Colon  with  Presi- 
dent Taft  and  his  party  on  board.  Ad- 
vantage was  taken  of  this  to  send  the  fol- 
lowing message  by  wireless  telegraph  to 
the  President: 

"American  mining  engineers  returning 
from  the  Isthmus  congratulate  you  upon 
good  plan,  splendid  management  and  sat- 
isfactory condition  of  work." 

This  message  was  duly  received  and  the 
President  sent  the  following  answer: 

"Your  message  received.  It  is  most 
satisfactory  to  have  assurance  of  men 
who  are  experts  that  the  great  canal  con- 
struction has  been  well  planned  and  is 
being  carried  on  to  successful  comple- 
tion. I  thank  you  and  .your  associates  for 
your  visit  and  the  courtesy  of  your  kind 
message." 

On  Sunday,  Nov.  13,  Doctor  Raymond 
conducted  services  in  the  morning,  and  in 
the  afternoon  R.  P.  Porter  gave  an  in- 
formal talk  on  South  America.  On  Mon- 
day afternoon  resolutions  of  commenda- 
tion for  the  canal  work  were  adopted,  and 
a  paper  presented  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Richards 
on  "The  Manufacture  and  Refining  of 
Steel  in  the  Electric  Furnace." 


Nove  nber  26.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1051 


The  Canal  Resolutions 

On  Nov.  14  a  meeting  was  held  on  the 
steamer,  at  which  the  following  resolu- 
tions were  adopted,  and  signed  by  all  the 
members  of  the  party: 

"We,  the  undersigned,  members  and 
guests  of  the  American  Institute  of  Min- 
ing Engineers,  after  a  visit  to  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama,  and  inspection  of  the  work  of 
the  United  States  Isthmian  Canal  Com- 
mission, and  after  full  discussion  of  our 
individual  impressions,  find  ourselves  in 
unanimous  agreement  as  to  the  following 
eonclusions: 

"(1).  The  present  plan  of  the  work  is 
clearly   practicable,   and   the   best   in   our 
judgment  that  could  be  devised  under  the 
conditions  imposed.     It  is  perhaps  a  ques- 
tion  whether  by   the   choice   of  a   higher 
level  some  of  the  difficulties  and  uncer- 
tainties of  excavation  in  the  Culebra  cut 
might   not   have    been    minimized;    but    a 
Miigher  level  has  its  disadvantages  also; 
md   no   one    seriously    proposes   such    a 
jlan.     On  the  other  hand,  we  are  con- 
•inced  that  a  canal  at  a  lower  level,  and 
especially  at  sea-level,  is  practically  out 
)f  the   question;   that   no   man   can   esti- 
nate  its  cost,  or  even  guarantee  its  satis- 
actory    completion    and    maintenance    at 
ny  cost.     We  are  satisfied  that  the  sea- 
2vel  canal,  as  proposed,  if  actually  com- 
leted,  would  be  inferior  to  the  present 
ock  canal,  by  reason  of  its  necessarily 
arrow  and  tortuous  channel,  its  liability 
)  many  disturbances  from  which  the  lock 
anal  is  comparatively  free,  etc.     The  ex- 
erience  gained  in  the  Culebra  cut  throws 
dditional  light  upon  the  sea-level   plan, 
nd  renders  that  scheme  less  worthy  of 
pproval  by  engineers  than  it  was  when 
ith     less     information      some     eminent 
Jthorities  favored  it.     In  a  word,  we  do 
Dt  think  that  any  prudent  engineer  would 
)w  recommend  the  deepening  of  the  Cu- 
bra  cut  below  the  level  now  fixed  for  it. 
"The  creation  of  the  great  Gatun  lake 
.'  means  of  the  Gatun  dam  seems  to  us 
be  the   best   possible    way   of  dealing 
ith  the  floods  of  the  Chagres  and  other 
reams.    The  location  of  the  Gatun  dam, 
'illway  and  locks  is  singularly  favorable 
'f  such  constructions;   and   there   is,   in 
ir  judgment,  no  reason  for  any  anxiety 
to  their  stability. 

"The  one  serious  remaining  problem  is 

esented  by  the  nature  of  the  ground  in 

e  Culebra  cut.     There  have  been  ex- 

nslve  slides  on  the  sides  of  this  excava- 

in,   and   more   of   them    are    to    be   ex- 

cted;    but    they    involve    nothing   more 

an  the  cost  and  delay  of  removing  the 

,iterial   which   they   will    force    into   the 

t.    They  will  ultimately  end,  and  we  re- 

rd  a„  reasonable  the  calculation  of  the 

jgineers  in  charge  as  to  the-  time  and 

iney  which  they  may  call  for.     The  re- 

'^  of  these  calculations  are  included  in 

estimates  of  the  commission  as  to  the 

:   of   the    canal    and    the    date    of    its 

'  iipletinn. 


"(2)  Wc  are  unanimous  in  our  praise 
of  the  manner  in  which  sanitation,  excava- 
tion, transportation  and  construction  are 
performed  with  rapidity,  skill  and  econ- 
omy. A  spirit  of  loyalty,  emulation,  in- 
dustry and  pride  seems  to  animate  em- 
ployees and  officers  alike.  This  spirit,  so 
difficult  to  arouse  among  workers  in  tropi- 
cal climates,  is  due  in  this  case  to  two 
causes:  First,  the  inspiring  example  of 
Colonel  Goethals  and  his  associates,  and 
secondly,  the  splendid  work  of  the  sani- 
tation department  under  Colonel  Corgas. 
The  cities  of  Panama  and  Colon,  though 
politically  outside  of  the  Canal  Zone. 
have  shared  in  the  benefits  of  the  sanitary 
administration,  and  reflect  an  unwonted 
cleanliness,  comfort  and  safety. 

"(3)  We  acknowledge  the  entire  free- 
dom and  fullness  with  which  everything 
we  desired  to  see  was  shown  to  us,  and 
everything  we  desired  to  know  was  told 
us,  by  the  officers  of  the  commission. 
There  was  evidently  no  wish  to  with- 
hold or  conceal  anything.  On  the  con- 
trary, inquiry  and  criticism  were  frankly 
sought  and  heartily  welcomed. 

"This  is  but  a  meager  summary  of  the 
points  on  which  we  are  agreed.  The  de- 
tails of  individual  opinion  will  appear 
later  in  the  published  report  of  our  dis- 
cussions. Meanwhile,  we  unite  in  this 
common  declaration,  which  covers  our 
conclusions  on  all  main  points.  We  think 
the  present  plan  of  the  canal  is  good;  that 
the  work  is  in  thoroughly  capable  hands; 
that  it  is  progressing  satisfactorily,  and 
that  it  will  be  completed  by  the  date  set 
for  it,  Jan.  1,  1915,  and  probably  earlier, 
provided  Colonel  Goethals  and  his  asso- 
ciates receive  the  hearty  support  of  the 
American  people,  and  its  representatives 
in  Congress.  The  canal  engineers  are  the 
right  men  in  the  right  place.  The  great 
work  in  which  they  are  engaged  is  not 
connected  with  partisan  politics,  and  citi- 
zens of  all  parties  should  combine  to  se- 
cure its  early  and  triumphant  completion. 
In  that  consummation  every  American 
should  take  greater  pride  than  in  any 
victory  of  military  or  political  conflict." 

Land  was  sighted  on  Tuesday,  Nov. 
15.  and  at  6:15  p.m.  the  landing  was 
made  in  New  York.  Doctor  Raymond, 
secretary  of  the  institute,  said: 

"Of  the  many  journeys  of  social  and 
esthetic  pleasure  and  professional  in- 
struction— to  Mexico,  Pacific  coast,  Brit- 
ish Columbia  and  the  Yukon  Territory, 
Ontario,  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince 
Edward  island,  England  and  Scotland. 
Germany,  etc. — not  one  surpassed  in 
technical  interest,  or  equalled  in  com- 
pleteness of  success,  this  excursion  to  the 
Canal  Zone." 

Papers  Presented 

The  papers  presented  during  the  first 
three  sessions  of  the  Canal  Zone  meeting 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engi- 
neers were  listed  in  the  Journal  of  Nov. 
19.     Beginning   with   the    fourth   session, 


held    on    Oct.   31,   the    following   papers 

were  read  and  discussed: 

I 

History  and  Construction  of  the  Pana- 
ma Canal,  W.  L.  Saunders. 

Panama  and  Its  People,  John  M. 
Sherrerd. 

The  Work  of  the  Sanitation  Depart- 
ment on  the  Isthmus,  Col.  W.  C.  Gorgas. 

The  Geology  of  the  Isthmus,  Willard 
P.  Hayes. 

Diamond  Mines  and  Gold  Mines  of  the 
Rand,  Gardner  F.  Williams. 

Recent  Development  in  the  Undercut- 
ting of  Coal  by  Machinery,  Edward  W. 
Parker. 

Manufacture  of  Electric  Mining  Ma- 
chinery, D.  B.  Rushmore. 

Lecture  on  South  Africa  including  its 
Big  Game,  Gardner  F.  Williams. 

The  Development  of  Water  Power  in 
Montana  and  the  Uses  of  Electric  Power 
in  Pumping,  Compressing  and  Hoisting  in 
the  Butte  Mines,  Chas.  W.  Goodale. 

Conservation  in  the  Preparation  of  An- 
thracite for  the  Market,  W.  S.  Ayres. 

Report  of  the  Delegates  of  the  Insti- 
tute Attending  the  Convention  of  the 
American  Mining  Congress  at  Los  An- 
geles, D.  W.  Brunton. 

The  following  papers  were  presented 
either  in  oral  abstract  by  the  secretary  or 
by  title  only: 

Manganese  Ore  in  Unusual  Form,  W. 
P.  Blake. 

Crushing  Machines  for  Cyanide  Plants, 
Mark  R.  Lamb. 

Recent  Progress  in  Blast  Roasting, 
Prof.  H.  O.  Hofman. 

The  Nicola  Valley  Coal  Field,  British 
Columbia,  postscript  by  Roberts. 

Labor  Saving  Appliances  in  the  Assay 
Laboratory,  Edward  Keller. 

The  Limit  in  Economy  in  the  Iron  Blast 
Furnace,  postscript  by  N.  M.  Langdon. 

Dry  Washing  for  Placer  Gold  in  So- 
nora,  J.  V.  Richards. 

Method  of  Determining  the  Meridian 
from  a  Circumpolar  Star  at  any  Hour, 
Eugene  R.  Rice. 

Pyritic  Smelting  in  Leadville.  C.  H. 
Doollttle    and    Royal    P.    Jarvis. 

Recent  Developments  in  the  Undercut- 
ting of  Coal,  Edward  W.  Parker. 

The  Laws  of  Intrusion,  Blamey  Stevens. 

Biographical  Notice  of  Franklin  R. 
Carpenter,  Prof.  H.  O.  Hofman. 

The  Reduction  of  Calcium  Sulphate  by 
Carbon  Monoxide  and  Carbon,  and  the 
Oxidation  of  Calcium  Sulphide,  Prof.  H. 
O.  Hofman. 

Tests  of  an  Ilgner  Electric  Hoist,  R. 
R.  Seebcr. 

Bibliography  to  Accompany  Paper  on 
Electric  Mine  Hoists,  D.  B.  Rushmore  and 
K.  A.  Pauly. 

Biographical  Notice  of  William  Phipps 
Blake,  Dr.  R.  W.  Raymond. 

Copper  Blast  Furnace  Tops,  N.  H. 
Emmons. 


1052 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,   1910. 


Report  of  the  Committee  on  Uniform 
Mining  Laws  for  Prevention  of  Mine  Ac- 
cidents, W.  R.  Ingalls,  J.  Parke  Chan- 
ning,  James  Douglas,  J.  R.  Finlay  and 
John  Hays  Hammond. 

Mine  Survey   Notes,  George  W.   Riter. 

The  Solid  Non-Metallic  Impurities  in 
Steel,  H.   Hibbard. 

Theory  of  Dust  Explosions,  Audley  H. 
Stow. 

The  Gold  Fields  of  French  Guiana,  and 
the  New  Method  of  Dredging,  Albert  F. 
Bordeaux. 

The  Agency  of  Manganese  in  the 
Superficial  Alteration  and  Secondary  En- 
richment of  Gold  Deposits  in  the  United 
States,  W,  H.  Emmons. 

A  Commercial  Fuel-Briquet  Plant,  dis- 
cussion, C.  T.  Macolmson. 

Genesis  of  the  Leadville  Ore  Deposits, 
discussion,  Norton  Webb. 

Introduction  of  the  Thomas  Basic  Steel 
Process  in  the  Unite':'  States,  discussion 
Hibbard. 

The  Combustion  of  Carbon,  discussion. 
Prof.  William  Kent. 

Calculation  of  Sinking  Funds,  discus- 
sion, Frank  Firmstone. 

A  Commercial  Fuel-Briquet  Plant,  dis- 
cussion, Robert  Schorr. 

Combustion  in  Cement  Burning,  dis- 
cussion, Robert  Schorr. 

Crushing  Machines  for  Cyanide  Plants, 
Herbert  A.  McCraw. 

Recent  Progress  in  Blast  Roasting, 
James  W.  NeiU. 

Geology  of  Silver  Fields  of  Nipissing, 
Ontario,  Reginald  Hore. 


there  is  a  plant  ready  to  start  operations     — to  show  them  that  the  liberty  of  Amer- 

as  soon   as  the   railroad   connections   are     ica  is  based  on  a  proper  respect  for  the 

completed,  which  should  be  within  60  or     rights   of  others. 

90  days.  ««  c-  r> 

Modern  School  Buildings 


Richmond-Eureka   Mining  Com- 
pany 

In  a  report  issued  Nov.  9,  1910,  to  the 
stockholders  of  the  Richmond-Eureka 
Mining  Company,  Ruby  Hill,  Nev.,  Pres- 
ident Albert  Fries  states  that  since  the 
organization  of  the  company  all  the  de- 
tails for  the  acquisition  and  transfer  of 
the  Eureka  Consolidated  and  Richmond 
companies  have  been  perfected. 

The  shafts  have  been  retimbered.  old 
drifts  cleaned  out  and  the  best  machinery 
and  pumps  installed.  Several  buildings 
for  the  employees,  as  well  as  for  offices, 
have  been  built  and  a  railroad  to  the  mine 
at  Ruby  Hill    has  been  constructed. 

From  Jan.  I,  1908;  to  July  5,  1908, 
operations  were  entirely  suspended,  ow- 
ing to  the  closing  down  of  the  Salt  Lake 
smelteries  awaiting  the  outcome  of  the 
"smoke  nuisance"  litigation.  Since  that 
period  the  company  has  operated  at  a 
profit,  paying  off  all  debts  incurred  dur- 
ing the  enforced  idleness,  and  at  pres- 
ent has  a  surplus.  There  was  a  shut- 
down during  February,  1910,  when  sev- 
eral miles  of  the  Eureka  &  Palisade  rail- 
way were  washed  away.  About  .S9()0.0f)0 
have  been  expended  during  the  last  five 
years.  Besides  having  several  years' 
supply    of    ore    above    the     water     level. 


Public  Schools  on  the   Mesabi 
Range,  Minnesota 


Special  Correspondence 


No  mining  communities  in  America 
have  a  more  difficult  problem  than  that 
of  the  education  of  the  school  children 
on  the  Mesabi  range  of  northern  Minne- 
sota. This  is  accounted  for  by  the  tre- 
mendously rapid  growth  in  school  popu- 
lation; the  heterogeneous  character  and 
polyglot  nature  of  the  children  crowding 
for  attendance;  the  prejudices  of  both 
children  and  parents  born  of  generations 
of  religious,  monarchical  and  class  mis- 
rule and  oppression;  and  the  ignorance  of 
the  English  language  and  misconception 
of  the  American  principles  of  govern- 
ment and  control. 

A  concrete  example  of  this  difficulty 
and  the  way  it  is  met  is  in  the  Hibbing 
school  district.  Last  year  Hibbing  did 
not  have  schools  enough,  although  it  had 
been  building  public  school  structures  at 
the  rate  of  from  S50,000  to  S75,000  per 
year  for  some  time.  The  district  em- 
braces an  area  that  has,  roughly  speak- 
ing, I'j  miles  radius.  During  that  year 
it  was  paying  S300  a  month  for  the  use 
of  conveyances  for  bringing  children  from 
the  outlying  sections  to  the  central 
schools.  During  this  season  it  has  built 
seven  well  equipped  buildings  in  these 
outlying  settlements  at  a  cost  of  about 
$90,0000,  and  six  of  these  are  now  oc- 
cupied. Notwithstanding  this,  there  are 
only  52  pupils  less  enrolled  in  the  cen- 
tral schools  than  a  year  ago.  No  such 
unprecedented  growth  was  to  be  expect- 
ed in  a  year  when  the  mining  business 
of  the  district  was  somewhat  slow. 

A  recent  compilation  of  statistics  shows 
these  children  to  be  representative  of  no 
less  than  27  distinct  countries.  They 
come  from  Servia  and  Montenegro  to 
Lapland,  from  Japan  to  Iceland,  and 
when  they  enter  the  public  schools  the 
majority  of  them  cannot  speak  any  lan- 
guage hut  their  own,  other  than  a  few 
words  of  English  picked  up  on  the  streets 
and  not  always  of  the  best  moral  tone, 
or  the  highest  character. 

These  children  come  from  countries  and 
homes  where  the  attitude  of  the  poor 
has  been  either  absolute  or  negative  op- 
position to  all  authority,  as  a  prerogative 
of  despotism.  Their  understanding  of 
government  is  that  it  means  persecution, 
and  their  translation  of  the  word  freedom 
is  merely  unrestrained  and  individual  li- 
cense. It  is  the  first  duty  of  the  teach- 
ers to  relieve  the  tninds  of  both  parents 
and  children  of  their  misconception  of 
authority,  and  what  is  even  more  difficult 


The  Hibbing  school  district  is  especi- 
ally fortunate  in  having  a  vast  taxable 
valuation.  Last  year  this  was  no  less 
than  S89.842,000.  With  such  a  fund  back 
of  its  tax  levies  the  district  is  able  to  do 
much  that  less  fortunate  districts  are  un- 
able to  accomplish.  The  school  build- 
ings are  fitted  with  complete  systems  of 
forced  ventilation.  They  have  the  most 
modern  sanitary  arrangements.  They  are 
fitted  with  lunch  rooms,  and  ample  bath- 
ing facilities,  with  male  and  female  at- 
tendants. The  grounds  are  large  and  are 
equipped  with  all  necessary  exercising 
apparatus,  and  often  indoor  gymnasiums 
for  inclement  weather.  Physicians  are 
constantly  on  the  lookout  for  both  those 
diseases  incident  to  childhood  and  those 
apt  to  be  imported  from  foreign  coun- 
tries. There  are  thorough  courses  in 
manual  training  and  domestic  science, 
and  night  schools  for  the  lads  at  work. 
Nothing  is  left  undone  to  inculcate  pa- 
triotism, a  desire  for  cleanliness  and  a 
knowledge  of  the  spirit  of  American  in- 
stitutions. 

The  problems  of  school  management 
in  these  mining  towns  are  many  and  hard, 
and  at  times  curious,  often  laughable. 
The  suggestion  that  a  child  bathe  at  the 
school  is  often  met  with  the  indignant  re- 
sponse that  he  is  "sewed  up  for  the  win- 
ter," which  is  literally  true.  "Johnny  is 
no  violet,  don't  smell  him,  learn  him," 
was  the  caustic  note  sent  by  one  mother 
in  response  to  a  remark  by  the  teacher 
that  the  youngster  had  more  about  him 
than  was  necessary.  It  is  hard  to  get  the 
confidence  of  these  children,  and  even 
harder  to  get  that  of  their  guardians. 
When  this  is  once  done  the  rest  is  com- 
paratively easy. 

These  schools  are  making  American 
citizens  out  of  the  most  unpromising  ma- 
terial, and  their  work  is  of  extreme  im- 
portance to  the  future  of  the  State  and 
community. 


Petrol 


eum  m 


lUi 


inois 


The  State  Geological  Survey  of  Illinois 
reports  the  following  official   figures  for   , 
the  petroleum  production  of  that  State  in 
1909,  the  amounts  being  stated  in  barrels: 

.liUiiinrv    2.firtS.fi07  ' 

Kchniarv    .-.  .  2,."iin.."4S 

.Mnicti     2  7."i7.7n4 

.\iii'il    L>,.-.n-j.;;ls 

Mn.v     •_'.s-_>ii.i;77 

.Timi'    2.ii7ii..'i4n 

.Tnlv    l>.7i;s.S.'i7 

Aii'.'nsl    _'.71!l.!>.")'< 

ScptiMiihpr    1  !i(rj,in7 

Orli.hcT ■.•..'■,110.(172 

N.)\  ■■rubor    •.'.■t!l7..S-(7 

n niher    U'.4!)li.41S 

I'di.ni   :i(),sn.i..t:in 

The  production  for  the  last  third  nf  the 
year  is  over  a  million  barrels  below  either 
of  the  other  four-month  periods. 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1053 


Tin  Mining  and  Milling  in  the  Bolivian  Andes 

Crude  Methods  Employed.      Mines  Gophered.      Operations  Conducted 
at  14,000  to  18,000  ft.  above  Sea  Level.      Only   Rich  Ores   Workable 


B  Y 


GEORGE 


Although  Bolivia  has  for  years  been 
accounted  among  the  tin-producing  coun- 
tries of  the  world,  this  industry  may  b^ 
said  to  be  yet  in  its  infancy  there,  and  it 
is  only  because  of  its  rich  deposits  that 
the  present  production  of  something  like 
20,000  tons  annually  has  been  possible. 
The  methods  employed  in  general  are 
crude  and  in  even  the  larger  mills  the 
losses  are  high  and  preclude  the  working 
of  any  except  high-grade  ores. 

This  has  led  to  a  system  of  gophering, 
and  but  few  mines  can  be  said  to  be 
properly  laid  out  and  developed,  and 
:  fewer  still  have  any  large  ore  reserves 
blocked  out.  This  is  especially  true  of 
the  small  properties  which  are  operated 
with  hand  plants,  as  in  the  majority  of 
cases  the  owner  contracts  with  natives  to 
deliver  concentrates  of  a  certain  grade 
for   a    stated    price    and    often    does    no; 


w. 


DEAN* 


Natives     Hand     Pick     and     Then 
Concentrate 

The  ore  is  carried  to  the  surface  in 
cowhide  bags  slung  on  the  backs  of  the 
miners,  there  broken  by  hand  to  the  size 
of  a  hickory  nut,  the  richest  sorted  out 
for  concentration  and  carried  to  the 
nearest  water,  where  it  is  ground  and 
washed.  The  grinding  is  done  by  means 
of  iron  or  stone  quimbaletes,  usually  on 
a  stone  pavement  but  sometimes  on  a 
sheet  of  boiler  iron,  to  about  one-eighth 
or  one-quarter  inch,  screened  and  the 
oversize  jigged  on  hand  jigs.  Where  the 
ore  is  free  from  sulphides,  this  gives 
a  clean  product  which  is  dried  and 
sacked;  otherwise  it  is  reground  to  about 
10-mesh,  combined  with  the  undersize 
from  the  first  crushing,  and  washed  in 
cajones.  which  are  simply  small  trenches 
in   the   ground   with   an   inclined    floor  of 


judging  the  grade  of  the  concentrates, 
from  400  to  800  lb.  of  crude  ore  being 
the  usual  capacity  of  a  cajon  per  day  of 
10  hours. 

Transportation   by  Llamas 

The  ore  is  sacked  in  weights  of  50,  75 
and  100  lb.,  depending  on  whether  the 
transportation  to  the  railroads  is  to  be 
done  by  llamas,  burros  or  mules,  the 
regulation  cargoes  being  50,  150  and  300 
lb.  respectively.  In  many  places  this 
work  is  done  almost  exclusively  by 
llamas. 

In  some  places  a  combination  system 
of  hand  and  machinery  is  used,  the  rich- 
er ore  being  concentrated  by  hand  and 
the  lower  grade  sent  to  the  mill.  The 
ore  is  brought  down  from  the  tunnels 
of  the  Churuimani  tin  mine  by  six  small 
aerial    tramwavs    to    a    central    station 


■■■'/"           ■       ■ 

L_       ■■ 

Crushing   in   the   Quimbalete 


A  Li.a.ma  Pack  Train 


now   where   the   pilquenero   obtains   his 

■e.     As  a  result,  only   the   rich  surface 

"e  is  taken   out   and   this   without   any 

ifinite    system,    so    that,    although    the 

operty   may    have    been    producing   tin 

■r  years,    it   is   absolutely    undeveloped 

id  can  only  be  classed  as  a  prospect. 

Wherever  the  pilquenero  finds  the  ore, 

follows  it  in  whatever  direction  it  may 

ke  until   it  pinches  out   and   then   de- 

rts   the    place    and    hunts   some   other 

nmising  locality.     As  a  result,  his  work 

practically    valueless    as    a    basis    for 

ture  development  work  or  to  determine 

value   of  the   property    as   it   stands. 

c  work  is  done  with  hammer  and  drill, 

I   dynamite,    in   the    ordinary    manner, 

'  a  pick  is  never  used  to  take  down  the 

>e  ground,  its  place  being  supplied  by 

;ad  or  cuha,  and  short  bars. 


'I'onsultln;,'    pnclnppr. 
'iipany.  .'<i.  I.inls,  M.,. 


I'Hll-.-Viin-rlcnn 


a  compact  turf,  called  cohija  by  the 
Indians.  A  few  pounds  of  the  crushed 
ore  is  placed  on  this  and  a  thin  sheet 
of  water  allowed  to  flow  over  it,  the  ore 
meanwhile  being  mixed  and  raked  from 
side  to  side  with  small  wooden  paddles. 
In  some  instances  the  fines  are  washed 
on  ordinary  square  buddies  and  the 
slimes  on  round  concrete  buddies.  The 
washing  is  repeated  until  the  concen- 
trates are  of  sufficiently  high  grade,  when 
they  are  usually  "kieved"  and  dried.  The 
last  operation  in  the  concentration  is 
called  venteando.  and  consists  in  pouring 
the  dried  concentrates  from  a  hight  of 
■)  to  6  ft.  upon  a  sheet  of  canvas 
while  a  moderate  breeze  is  blowing.  The 
wind  carries  the  lighter  particles  to.  one 
side,  where  they  are  gathered  up  and  re- 
washed,  the  concentrates  being  sacked 
for  shipment.  The  washing  is  usually 
done   by   women   who   become   expert    in 


where  the  richest  ore  is  sorted  out  and 
the  balance  is  transported  to  the  mill  by 
another  rope  tramway.  The  mill  consists 
of  a  Huntington  mill  and  two  tables  and 
with  the  hand  plant  produces  about  20 
quintals  per  week  of  65  per  cent,  con- 
centrates. 

BijDDLEs  Can  Only  Work  Eight  Hours 
Daily  because  of  Cold 

The  Milluni-Huayna  Potosi  is  a 
comparatively  modern  mill  of  40  tons 
capacity,  consisting  of  a  Blake  crusher, 
air-cushion  stamp  and  eight  Wilfley 
tables  with  a  few  small  buddies  outside. 
The  buddies  can  only  be  used  from  about 
nine  in  the  morning  until  five  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon  on   account  of   freezing. 

The  ore  worked  here  averages  3  per 
cent.,  and,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able 
to  determine,  is  the  lowest-grade  ore 
milled     in     Bolivia.       The     losses     are 


1054 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


high  and  the  tailings  are  reserved  and 
reconcentrated.  During  thre^, months  of 
the  year  they  have  insufficient  water 
power  for  crushing,  and  for  several 
months  have  only  enough  power  to'  crush 
for  half  the  time,  and  it  is  during  this 
time  that  the  tailings  are  reconcentrated. 
The  ore  contains  considerable  sul- 
phides and  all  concentrates  are  roasted 
and  "kieved"  before  shipping. 

Among  the  larger  plants  the  Avacaya 
mill,  near  Pazria,  in  the  department  of 
Oruro,  will,  perhaps,  best  serve  as  typi- 
cal of  the  methods  in  use  in 
Bolivia.  This  is  the  property  of  a  Chil- 
ean company  and  is  said  to  be  one  of 
the  best-paying  concerns  in  the  country. 
The  mill  is  situated  about  3  km.  from 
the  mine  and  about  1500  ft.  lower.  The 
ore  is  transported  to  the  mill  by  an 
aerial  tramway  of  the  English  type,  with 
buckets  carrying  300  lb.,  and  dumped 
into  an  open  bin  built  into  the  side  of  the 
hill. 

Indian  Boy  Conveyer 

The  plant  is  really  two  separate  mills 
which  are  operated  independently  of  each 
other,  except  that  they  are  driven  from 
the  same  engine.  On  one  side,  the  ore  is 
wheeled  from  the  bins  in  wheelbarrows 
and  fed  by  hand  into  two  batteries  of  five 
stamps  each,  the  feed  ranging  in  size 
up  to  3  and  4  in.  in  dia.  Here 
it  is  crushed  through  an  18-mesh 
screen  and  passed  over  a  crude  classifier, 
the  sands  going  to  a  trommel  and  the 
fines  to  round  concave  buddies  16 
ft.  in  dia.  The  oversize  from  the 
trommel  is  fed  by  hand  to  a  two-com- 
partment Hartz  jig.  yielding  concentrates 
of  58  per  cent.,  tailings  which  are  dis- 
carded, and  middlings  which  are  carried 
up  three  flights  of  stairs  by  Indian  boys 
and  returned  to  the  battery.  The  bud- 
dies yield  three  products,  the  tailings  be- 
ing discarded,  the  middlings  returned  to 
the  same  buddle  for  rewashing.  and  the 
heads  taken  to  other  buddies  where  they 
are  reconcentrated  two  or  three  times, 
kieved,  dried  and  sacked  for  shipment, 
often  assaying  as  high  as  70  per  cent, 
tin. 

Vanners  Used  after  Jigs  without 
Settling 

On  the  other  side,  the  ore  is  fed  by 
hand  into  two  60-in.  ball  mills,  where  it 
Is  crushed  through  18-mesh  screens  and 
falls  into  a  launder  and  is  carried  by  a 
stream  of  water  and  without  any  inter- 
mediate sizing  to  a  two-compartment 
Hartz  jig  which  yields  two  products,  viz: 
Concentrates  of  64  per  cent,  and  tail- 
ings. The  whole  discharge  of  the  jig  is 
carried  to  six  Frue  vanners  without  any 
•preliminary  settling  or  sizing.  As  a  re- 
sult, the  vanners  are  floodod  with  water 
and  practically  everything  is  flushed  off. 
No  washwater  is  being  fed  to  these  van- 
ners and  they  are  producing  only  from 
80  to  100  ib.  of  60  per  cent,  concentrates 


per  diem.  The  tailings  from  thest  van- 
ners are  led  over  a  two-compartment 
Hartz  fine  jig  which  yields  100  to  150  lb. 
of  74  per  cent,  concentrates  per  24  hours! 

At  the  time  of  my  visit,  August,  1908, 
they  were  installing  a  slime  plant  to 
treat  the  tailings,  consisting  of  a  Chilean 
mill,  three  Frue  vanners  and  three  tables. 
The  average  grade  of  ore  being  fed  to 
the  mill  varies  from  9  per  cent,  to  17  per 
cent.;  the  mine-run  of  about  5  per  cent, 
is  hand  picked  at  the  mouth  of  the  shaft 
to  that  grade.  From  the  foregoing  it  will 
readily  be  seen  why  low-grade  ores  can- 
not be  concentrated  at  a  profit  under  ex- 
isting conditions. 

In  general,  the  ores  now  being  worked 
are  oxidized  and  carry  but  little  sul- 
phides, but  with  depth  the  tin  is  asso- 
ciated with  sulphides  of  iron,  arsenic,  an- 
timony and  lead,  and  will  render  roasting 
in.perative  when  the  oxidized  ores  have 
been   worked    out,    and   trained    millmen 


The   Churuimani   Tin    Mine 

will  then  take  the  places  of  the  present 
operators  whose  only  qualifications  are 
"being  a  good  fellow  and  a  relative  of  the 
boss." 

Tin  Placer  Mining  Also  Carried  On 

Placer  mining,  while  not  being  followed 
to  any  great  extent  for  tin,  is  occasionally 
found,  and  the  methods  employed  here 
are  as  crude  as  can  well  be  imagiiicd. 
Operations  are  carried  on  at'  the  Villa- 
Aqui  placer  mine,  situated  about  10  miles 
from  La  Paz  and  connected  thereto  by  a 
road  over  which  an  automobile  may  be 
driven.  The  gravel  carries  tin,  gold  and 
bismuth,  but  is  at  present  being  worked 
only  for  tin.  Here  the  Indians  lead  the 
stream  through  a  ditch  on  one  side  and 
then  dig  a  pit  in  the  bed  of  the  stream 
to  bed  rock,  which  is  usually  from  3 
to  4  ft.  below  the  level  of  the  stream. 
As  the  water  filters  into  the  excavation. 


it  is  splashed  against  the  side  of  the 
bank  with  a  shovel  for  a  few  minutes 
and  then  bailed  out.  They  then  pick  out 
the  larger  pieces  of  tin  ore  with  their 
fingers  and  shovel  up  the  finer  portion 
and  wash  it  in  a  wooden  batea,  nothing 
finer  than  about  8-mesh  being  saved.  In 
a  series  of  samples  taken  from  different 
parts  of  this  property,  I  found  that  the 
principal  part  of  the  tin  values  were  10- 
mesh  and  under.  All  of  this  is  lost  in  the 
present  method  employed,  and  it  speaks 
well  for  the  property,  to  say  the  least, 
that  it  can  be  worked  in  such  a  manner. 
The  concentrates  obtained  vary  in  size 
from  fine  gravel  up  to  pieces  of  several 
pounds  m  weight  and  in  a  few  instances 
boulders  have  been  found  weighing  100 
!b.  or  over.  The  larger  pieces  are  usu- 
ally of  comparatively  low  grade  and  are 
crushed  with  a  quimbalete  and  washed, 
the  finished  concentrate  assaying  from 
55  to  60  per  cent. 

In  some  of  the  large  properties,  not- 
ably the  Concordia  mine  of  the  Andes 
Tin  Company,  of  Boston,  the  develop- 
ment has  been  carried  out  systematically 
and  this  property  has  ore  reserves 
blocked  out  sufficient  to  last  for  years 
and  a  modern  mill  of  50  tons  capacity 
is  now  being  installed.  This  is  also  true 
of  a  few  prospects  and  smaller  prop- 
erties; for  instance,  the  Pan  American 
Tin  Company's  property  in  the  region 
of  Chacaltaya. 

High  Altitude  Bars  Compressed  Air 

The  extremely  high  altitude  in  which 
tin  occurs,  usually  between  14,000  and 
18,000  ft.,  makes  operations  difficult,  as 
none  but  natives  can  work  at  this  ahi- 
tude  and  native  labor  is,  at  best,  of  a 
very  poor  quality.  Owing  to  the  high 
cost  of  transportation  and  the  scarcity 
of  fuel,  any  other  than  water  power  is 
impractical  except  near  the  railroads  and 
the  use  of  compressed  air  has  met  with 
only  indifferent  success  on  account  of 
the  rarity  of  the  atmosphere  at  this  al- 
titude. 

Foreign  capital  is  rapidly  becoming  in- 
terested in  mines,  not  only  of  tin,  but 
also  copper  and  gold,  and  the  opening  of 
new  districts  and  bettering  of  transporta- 
tion facilities  wili  cause  a  steady  and  in- 
creasing demand  for  engineers  and 
trained  millmen. 


Lumber    Operations    of    the 
Anaconda  Company 

A  large  lumber  dealer  in  the  North- 
west is  reported  as  saying  that  the  Ana- 
conda Copper  Company  makes  on  an  av- 
erage S600,000  per  annum  from  its 
lumber  operations,  and  has  100,000,000 
ft.  of  cut  lumber  on  hand  today.  I' 
cuts  about  160.000,000  ft.  per  annum. 
He  estimates  that  on  a  conservative  basis, 
the  Anaconda  company's  lumber  prop- 
erties are  worth  525,000,000  as  they 
stand  today. 


riovember  2tj,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1055 


Prospecting  Disseminated  Copper  Ore  Deposits 

Lack  of  Surface  Indications;    Porphyry  Coppers    Apparently    Confined 
to  Arid  Regions.      Study  of  Geological  Conditions  an  Essential  Feature 

B~Y        CHARLES        R.        K  E  Y  E  S* 


For  several  reasons  the  porphyry  cop- 
pers, or  disseminated  copper  ores,  as  it 
is  preferable  to  call  them,  are  claiming 
wide  attention  at  the  present  time.  In 
the  first  place,  ore  deposits  of  this  class 
promise  to  furnish  a  large  part  of  the 
world's  supply  of  copper.  Secondly,  the 
intense  desire  to  add  to  the  few  known 
deposits  of  this  kind  in  which  active 
operations  are  now  going  on,  is  accom- 
panied by  extreme  difficulties,  because 
of  the  fact  that  all  ordinary  experience 
in  prospecting  and  exploration  seems  to 
:  be  of  no  avail  whatever;  the  time-hon- 
ored methods  do  not  in  any  manner  ap- 
ply. A  third  reason  is  that  for  each  lo- 
cality the  conditions  of  occurrence  vary 
more  or  less,  and  strictly  geologic  obser- 
vations must  be  largely  depended  upon. 
With  the  most  inviting  field  of  porphyry 
:oppers,  we  are  confronted  with  the  ne- 
:essity  of  devising  new  methods  of  pros- 
3ecting  and  exploration. 

Usual  Surface  Indications  Lacking 

Quite  anomalous  to  the  average  miner 
s  the  occurrence  of  the  disseminated 
opper  ores.  They  cannot  be  prospected 
t  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  ore 
lanket  is  deep.  In  fact,  none  of  the 
sual  surface  indications  of  ore  appear 
->  greet  the  old-time  prospector.  The 
sw  great  deposits  of  this  type,  which 
re  already  opened  up,  were  discovered 
trough  the  previous  working  of  high- 
rade,  but  more  limited  orebodies.  It 
ow  seems  probable  that  there  are  many 
eposits  of  disseminated  character.  In 
le  near  future  they  may  prove  to  be 
le  main  class  of  ores  generally  to  be 
jveloped. 

Detailed  Geologic  Study  Essential 
In  the  search  for  new  disseminated 
)pper  deposits  all  ordinary  prospecting 
ethods  are  not  only  out  of  the  question, 
It  rromiscuous  drilling  is  sharply  de- 
nited  by  expense.  The  location  of 
obable  deposits  must  rest  largely,  if 
>t  entirely,  upon  the  results  of  special 
■ologic  inquiry.  In  the  case  of  the 
'rphyry  coppers,  this  happens  to  be  es- 
eially  adaptable.  With  the  formula- 
in  of  certain  additional  criteria,  the 
ologic  method  could  soon  be  made, 
en  in  comparatively  inexperienced 
nds,  the  most  perfect  and  sure  of  all 
ospecting  methods  yet  devised.  Not 
'ly  is  favorable  ground  for  drilling 
•erations  pointed  out,  but  ground  that 
.!|ould  yield  immediate  returns. 
'Since  it  has  come  to  be  realized  that 

■fonsiiltln;;  pnglnopi-.    Dps   Molnps.    Iowa. 


the  porhpyry  coppers  are  to  form  our 
most  important  sources  of  the  red  metal, 
their  geologic  occurrence  assumes  first 
place  in  their  consideration. 

Desert  Regions  Favorable  for  Blank- 
et Formations 

It  is  characteristic  of  arid  regions  of 
the  globe,  that  localization  of  the  ore  de- 
posits of  this  class  is  singularly  depend- 
ent upon  well  defined  climatic  peculiar- 
ities. In  many  ways  the  physical  condi- 
tions presented  by  the  desert  are  excep- 
tionally favorable  to  the  formation  of  ex- 
tensive ore  blankets  of  disseminated 
character. 

In  the  desert  regions  of  the  United 
States  there  are  a  number  of  localities 
yet  untouched  that  offer  opportunities 
fully  as  favorable  for  development  into 
important  mining  properties  as  has 
proved  to  be  the  cases  of  Bingham, 
Morenci,  Cananea,  Ely,  Santa  Rita,  Spas- 
sky,  or  Braden.  These  appear  to  be 
merely  the  forerunners  of  extensive  min- 
ing exploitations.  These  developments 
are  probably  only  the  first  examples  of 
the  prevalent  form  of  the  most  desired 
of  ore  deposits,  not  only  in  desert  lands, 
but  in  other  mining  regions  as  well. 
Under  conditions  of  arid  climate  these 
deposits  assume  unusual  dimensions  and 
acquire  features  which  almost  render 
them  a  distinctive  type. 

Ground-water  Level  Low  in  Arid 
Regions 

Disseminated  copper  deposits  are  ap- 
parently confined  to  arid  countries  main- 
ly because  the  gossan  zone  is  relative- 
ly thick.  The  ground-water  level  is  usu- 
ally far  below  the  surface.  The  space  of 
special  enrichment  between  the  zone  of 
thoroughly  oxidized  ore  materials  and 
the  zone  of  profound  sulphides  is  ex- 
tensive. In  humid  regions  this  space 
is  quite  thin  and  frequently  so  incon- 
spicuous as  to  be  passed  actually  through 
without   attracting  particular  notice. 

Thus,  as  a  geologic  phenomenon, 
this  zone  of  disseminated  copper 
ore,  which  is  so  apparently  peculiar 
to  arid  lands,  is  not.  in  reality,  strictly 
confined  to  such  regions.  In  desert  re- 
gions the  attendant  conditions  are  such 
as  to  make  the  zone  of  sulphide  enrich- 
ment at  ground-water  level  much  more 
extensive  than  in  the  other  parts  of  the 
^orld.  The  zone  of  reduction  is  even 
more  coiispicuous  than  the  zone  of  oxi- 
dation. T'lis  zone  well  merits  special 
designation.  Called  the  zone  of  "sec- 
ondary enrichment"  by  most  writers,   it 


ic  more  properly,  as  A.  C.  Lawson  has 
suggested,  the  zone  of  "Tertiary  enrich- 
ment." The  "bonanza  zone"  of  the  Latin- 
American  miners  seems  a  more  fitting 
title. 

Immediate  Source  of  the  Copper 

As  to  the  immediate  source  of  the 
porphyry  coppers  and  disseminated  ores 
being  the  metallic  sulphides  carried  in 
the  porphyries  themselves,  as  is  com- 
monly assumed,  there  is  grave  doubt. 
Even  were  the  metallic  content  of 
the  igneous  rock  amply  sufficient  for 
the  purpose,  there  is  little  ques- 
tion but  that  there  exists  cir- 
culating with  the  ground-water  currents 
an  abundant  amount  of  the  metals  in 
solution  to  supply  the  most  extensive 
orebodies.  Neither  is  it  necessary  to  re- 
quire the  presence  of  primary  sulphides 
of  the  metals  in  order  to  occasion  the 
local  secondary  enrichment.  Silicate 
minerals  in  the  porphyries  are  sufficient- 
ly abundant  to  reduce  the  sulphatic  ma- 
terials coming  in  contact  with  them.  In 
fact,  ordinary  chemical  alteration  due 
to  weathering  of  the  silicate  rock  con- 
stitutents,  seems  to  be  a  constant  accom- 
paniment of  the  disseminated  ore  for- 
mation. 

The  kaolinization  of  feldspars,  for  in- 
stance, is  followed  by  marked  local 
shrinkage  in  the  volume  of  the  porphyry 
mass,  producing  at  once  both  an  open 
texture  in  the  rock  and  the  precipitation 
of  metallic  sulphides  from  the  circulating 
mineralized  solutions.  Nevertheless,  the 
distinction  sometimes  made  between  the 
occurrence  of  ore  deposits  only  in  the 
main  stock  of  igneous  rock  and  not  in 
any  of  its  appanages  whether  extrusive 
flow,  dike  or  intrusive  sill,  is  an  import- 
ant one;  but  for  reasons  entirely  differ- 
ent from  those  usually  urged.  There 
seems  to  be  close  association  of  dissem- 
inated ore  blankets  with  the  main  body  of 
loccolithic  masses. 

Open-textured   Rock   a   Fundamental 
Feature 

Open  texture  of  rock  mass  appears 
to  be  a  fundamental  feature  of  dissem- 
inated ore  deposits.  Whether  this  fea- 
ture is  produced  in  brittle  rocks  by  gen- 
eral shearing  strains,  due  to  orogenic 
movements,  local  faulting,  contraction  in 
volume  of  the  rock  mass  on  account  of 
loss  of  heat,  shrinkage  in  bulk  as  the 
result  of  chemical  alteration  of  the  rock, 
an  important  property  is  that  the  rocks 
should  he  brittle. 

Porphyries,    quartzite,    certain    schists, 


1056 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


and  a  few  limestones  preeminently 
possess  the  glass  like  fracturing  quali- 
ties. Singularly  enough  the  majority  of 
the  mountain  ranges  of  arid  America  are 
made  up  principally  of  just  this  class  of 
rocks.  Owing  to  the  peculiar  type  of 
mountain  structure  prevailing,  these  des- 
ert ranges  are  also  subject  to  the  same 
tortional  strains  which  give  rise  not  only 
to  close  faulting  in  all  of  the  rocks,  but 
among  the  brittle  rocks  to  extensive 
shearing  which  locally  produces  typical 
crushed   belts   with   an    open   texture. 

Margins  of  Eruptive  Masses 
Especially  Favorable 

Especially  favorable  places  for  the  oc- 
currence of  porphyry-copper  blankets  are 
the  margins  of  laccolites  and  bosses. 
This  fact  is  due  to  a  number  of  circum- 
stances. The  rapid  cooling  of  the  con- 
tact zone  of  such  bodies  of  magma  im- 
parts a  characteristic  glassy  texture  to 
the  porphyry  and  at  the  same  time  frac- 
tures it  more  or  less  finely.  Contact 
margins  are  also  zones  of  constant  slip- 
ping, faulting  or  jointing.  Furthermore, 
major  faulting  is  apt  to  take  place  along 
and  near  the  boundary  of  eruptive  mass- 
es. Intense  tortional  strains  in  the  mar- 
ginal zone  are  already  mentioned. 

So  far  as  ore  formation  is  concerned 
the  most  notable  result  is  a  marked 
shattering  of  the  rock.  In  some  places 
this  assumes  the  character  of  broad 
crushed  belts,  or  narrow  strips  of  fault 
breccia;  and  in  still  others  a  mere  dis- 
location along  single  planes. 

In  the  open  textured  belts  rapid  alter- 
ation of  the  phorphyries  takes  place  in 
the  vadose  zone.  Sericitization  and  kaol- 
inization  occasion  more  or  less  decided 
shrinkage  in  the  volume  of  the  rock 
mass,  still  further  breaking  up  the  larger 
rock  blocks.  Previous  kaolinization  may 
have  gone  on  extensively  through  hot- 
spring  action  during  the  final  solidifica- 
tion of  the  magma.  The  open  texture  is 
not  always  confined  to  the  porphyries 
alone,  but  often  extends  into  the  brittle 
rocks  through  which  the  eruptives  force 
their  way. 

Points  to  be  Observed  in  Surface 
Examination 

In  the  search  for  the  deep  lying  dis- 
seminated coppers,  the  usual  surface  in- 
dications leading  to  the  discovery  of  ore- 
bodies  utterly  fail,  as  already  intimated. 
There  are,  however,  a  number  of  reliable 
surface  clues  which,  in  ordinary  pros- 
pecting, are  not  commonly  made  use  of. 
Of  primary  importance  is  the  establish- 
ment of  the  proper  geologic  relation- 
ships of  the  various  rock  masses.  An- 
other factor  of  prime  consideration  is 
exact  location  of  boundary  lines  between 
the  eruptive  mass  and  the  formations 
through  which  they  break.  A  point  for 
careful  observation  is  the  determination 
of  the  broader  belts  of  crushed  rock, 
or  breccias,  either  in  shear  planes,  along 


fault  lines,  or  in  the  more  limited  areas 
of  once  intense  tortional  strains.  Data 
regarding  the  character  and  disposition 
of  the  ore  materials  in  the  high-grade 
mines,  if  such  there  be  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, are  not  to  be  overlooked.  The  ab- 
sence of  the  ferromagnesian  minerals 
is  to  be  viewed  with  suspicion.  It  is  to 
be  remembered  that  little  dependence  can 
be  placed  upon  those  criteria  which  are 
so  important  in  humid  countries.  Em- 
phasis is  to  be  placed  upon  the  peculiar- 
ities of  the  secular  disintegration  of  rocks 
under  conditions  of  an  arid  climate. 
Other  favorable  indications  might  be 
enumerated. 

Exploration  of  Disseminated  Deposits 

Exploration  of  the  disseminated  ores 
must  remain  in  a  backward  state  so  long 
as  the  old  methods  of  prospecting  are 
followed.  When  the  guiding  geologic 
clue  to  the  favorable  ground  for  the  dis- 
seminated lead  ores  of  Missouri  was 
pointed  out,  it  took  more  than  a  decade 
before  it  was  adopted  in  practice.  Under 
desert  conditions  strict  adherence  to  the 
method  is  even  more  essential. 


Production 


I 


Monazite  and  Zircon 

Minerals  containing  thorium  are  in 
constant  demand  for  use  in  making  incan- 
descent mantles  for  gas  lamps,  but  only 
one  mineral  that  carries  much  thorium — 
monazite — has  thus  far  been  found  in 
quantities  large  enough  to  make  it  com- 
mercially valuable.  Some  specimens  of 
monazite  contain  as  much  as  20  per  cent, 
of  thorium,  but  the  thorium  content  of 
commercial  monazite,  which  has  been 
washed  and  otherwise  cleaned,  ranges 
from  3  to  9  per  cent. 

Practically  all  the  monazite  of  com- 
merce is  derived  from  placer  or  gravel 
deposits,  all  attempts  to  extract  it  from 
original  rock  matrix  having  failed.  The 
deposits  are  worked  by  sluicing  and 
hydraulicking,  and  the  crude  monazite 
sand  obtained  is  further  cleaned  on  con- 
centrating tables  and  by  electro-magnetic 
machinery,  which  removes  its  iron  con- 
lent. 

Sources  of  Monazite 

Brazil  and  the  United  States  supply  the 
world's  demand  for  monazite,  although 
the  greater  part  of  the  output  of  the 
United  States  is  used  in  this  country. 
For  many  years  North  Carolina  and  South 
Carolina  have  furnished  this  supply,  but 
important  deposits  have  been  lately  dis- 
covered at  several  places  in  Idaho. 

At  one  of  these  deposits,  near  Center- 
ville,  Ida.,  some  trial  mining  has  been 
done.  The  gravels  worked  contain  both 
gold  and  monazite  and  the  purpose  of  the 
experiments  has  been  to  devise  a  method 
for  recovering  both. 


The  production  of  monazite  concen- 
trates in  the  United  States  in  1909  was 
541,931  lb.,  valued  at  S65,032,  an  increase 
of  119.285  lb.  in  quantity  and  of  S14,314 
in  value  over  1908,  when  the  production 
was  422,646  lb.,  valued  at  $50,718.  The 
output  was  all  obtained  from  North  Caro- 
lina and  South  Carolina. 

A  report  on  the  production  of  monazite 
and  zircon  in  1909,  prepared  by  D.  B. 
Sterrett,  geologist,  has  just  been  pub- 
lished by  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey. 


Extraction    of   Tin  from  Ores  and 
Slags 


A.  M.  S.  Robertson,  of  Aberdeen,  Scot- 
land, acting  for  J.  H.  Robertson,  of  5 
Pangkar  Road,  Penang,  S.  S.,  has  patent- 
ed (Brit.  Pat.  No.  22,140,  1909)  a  method 
and  furnace  for  extracting  tin  and  other 
metals  which  can  be  oxidized  and  vola- 
tilized from  ores  or  slags.  The  extrac- 
tion is  accomplished  by  employing  a 
slowly  rocked  furnace,  having  a  convex 
bed,  in  conjunction  with  an  oxidizing 
flame. 


Tlu  Engiietring  ^  Mining  i/oitrndi 

Volatilizing  Furnace  for  Tin 

Referring  to  the  figure — a  cross  sec- 
tion of  the  furnace — the  beams  A,  rest- 
ing on  rollers  B,  allow  for  expansion  and 
contraction.  The  frame  C  is  carried  on  a 
central  axis  D  at  each  end  and  is  rocked 
thereon.  The  oxidizing  flame  enters  the 
furnace  at  one  end,  and  at  the  other  »he 
volatilized  oxides  from  the  charge  are 
led  off  by  a  duct  to  settling  flues,  where 
the  deposits  of  the  oxide  can  be  collected 
and    resmelted    into    metallic    form. 

An  important  feature  is  the  arched  top 
and  bed.  the  latter  causing  the  molten 
contents  to  flow  from  side  to  side  as  tlie 
furnace  is  slowly  rocked,  so  that  a  lliin 
layer  is  exposed  to  the  flame.  The  fui- 
nace  is  rocked  by  threaded  rods  con- 
nected to  the  frame,  the  rods  being  raised 
and  lowered  by  worm  gearing,  or  other 
methods  of  oscillation  may  be  used. 


The  world's  production  of  metallic 
aluminum  has  risen  from  about  7300  tons 
in  1900  to  24.200  tons,  last  year. 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1057 


The  Problem  of  Fine  Grinding  in  Tube  Mills 

Best  Mills  Have  Low  Efficiency.   Product  Not  Uniform.  Many  Tube  mill 
Problems  Unanswered.     South  African  Investigators  Ahead  of  American 


B  Y 


H 


I  may  justly  be  accused  of  having 
more  than  a  scientific  interest  in  agitating 
the  subject  of  fine  crushing,  an  accusa- 
tion to  which  I  willingly  plead  guilty  if 
it  results  in  aiding  the  metallurgical  pro- 
fession through  awakening  a  discussion 
which  will  result  in  greater  study  of  the 
subject.  The  ignorance  which  exists 
among  metallurgists  in  regard  to  one  of 
their  most  efficient  machines,  the  tube  or 
pebble  mill,  is  certainly  to  be  deplored. 
It  is  generally  based  upon  the  supposition 
that  the  device  is  so  simple  that  it  is 
not  worthy  of  much  more  than  the  gen- 
eral care  given  to  any  other  easily  un- 
derstood piece  of  machinery,  needing  only 
careful  adjustment.  The  more  we  study 
the  device,  the  more  we  realize  its  pos- 
sibilities. The  more  we  find  its  defici- 
encies as  we  work  with   it.  the  more  we 


w. 


H   A  R   D  I   N  G  E* 


crushing,  I  realize  the  field  which  is 
open  to  the  practical  investigator.  I  be- 
lieve that  the  machine  has  not  yet  been 
put  together  which  utilizes  one-tenth  of 
the  possible  mechanical  efficiency,  so 
great  is  the  waste  of  energy.  The  Ameri- 
can engineer  is  inclined  to  think  that  he 
is  a  little  more  energetic  than  the  engi- 
neers of  other  countries,  but  if  he  will 
Icok  at  the  systematic  work  that  is  going 
on  in  South  Africa,  he  will  find  he  has 
much  to  learn  in  regard  to  energetic  in- 
vestigation. It  is  true  we  are  profiting  by 
their  successes  and  failures,  but  is  this 
a  good'  reason  or  compensation  for  the 
loss  of  time? 

Fine  Crushing  a  Complex  Problem 

In   discussions   on    the    matter    of    fine 
crushing,  in  trying  to  show  the  relations 


with  its  neighbor  hundreds  of  diam- 
eters— 20-mesh,  100-mesh  and  200-mesh, 
all  are  crushed  under  the  same  condi- 
tions   and  by  the  same  agent. 

Our  present  practice  of  feeding  to  the 
same  stamp  particles  of  material  ranging 
from  J4  to  2  in.  in  diameter  is  so  out 
of  mechanical  reason  that  it  should  long 
ago  have  brought  out  the  tests  which  are 
now  being  made  with  stamps  and  tube 
mills,  particularly  in  South  Africa,  with 
the  view  to  improving  their  efficiency. 
How  much  more  questionable  is  the  in- 
difference which  permits  us  to  crush  in 
the  same  machine  a  20-mesh  particle  to 
200-mesh,  where  the  relation  is  1:1000. 
To  crush  an  8-in.  mass  of  ore,  engineers 
use  a  large-sized  crusher,  and  a  smaller 
crusher  to  reduce  the  4-in.  cube,  a  volume 
relation  or  reduction  of   1 :8,  yet  give  no 


Photi 


IF  Quartz.  Ground  in  Tube  Mill.  (Magnified  170  Diameters) 


ealize  how  great  is  our  individual  ignor- 
ince.  The  great  discovery  is  that  of  the 
xistence  of  this  ignorance,  and  thereby 
he  opportunity  opened  for  research  into 
he  complexities  of  the  crushing  done  in 
he  pebble  mill. 

■resent  Tube  Mills  All   Inefficient 

In  general,  it  seems  we  are  willing  to 
Mow  chemical  advancement  to  make 
ipid  strides  without  giving  much  atten- 
|0n  to  the  mechanical  side  of  the  sub- 
!:ct.  From  my  own  success  in  the  ap- 
lication  of  mechanical  laws  to  a  par- 
al     solution    of    the    problem    of    fine 


•Mining  cnKii.c 


Wall  sireot,  New  Vfil'k. 


of  cause  and  effect,  the  writers  usually 
refer  to  textbook  formulas  on  relations 
of  tangential  forces  to  gravity,  formulas 
of  liquidity  and  viscosity  of  fluids,  crush- 
ing strains,  etc.,  seldom  considering 
whether  the  division  is  due  to  percussion, 
compression  or  attrition.  After  seeing  the 
elaborate  array  of  figures,  one  may  ask 
to  which  pebble  of  the  several  thousand  do 
they  refer?  To  which  line  of  pebbles 
from  inner  lining  to  axial  center,  and 
which  mass,  under  what  conditions  of 
lateral  association,  quantity  and  size  of 
material,  is  being  .TCted  upon?  Is  such 
material  of  uniform  size  or  a  complex 
volume — the  weight  or  mass  of  which  is 
formed  of  particles  which  will  vary  one 


thought  of  changing  the  crushing  medium 
when  the  relation  of  volumes  is  1:1000, 
as  above  cited. 

Tube  Mills  Require  Twice  the  Theore- 
tical Amount  of  Power 
How  many  of  us  have  considered  why 
a  tube  mill  half  full  of  pebbles,  say  10 
tons,  making  25  r.p.m.,  consumes  50  h.p. 
when  all  the  apparent  components  of 
power,  such  as  hight  of  lift,  friction,  etc., 
v.'ill  theoretically  figure  only  half  that 
consuniption?  Take  from  your  labora- 
tory a  10-cni.  measuring  tube,  or  a  narrow 
beaker;  fill  it  half  full  of  gravel  or  sand, 
in  which  place  a  bead  or  other  singly 
distinctive  object,  close  the  open  end  and 


1058 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


slowly  revolve  the  mass  on  a  horizontal 
axis;  watch  your  bead  in  its  relation  of 
travel  to  the  inclosing  shell  of  your  de- 
vice and  you  will  probably  soon  see  why 
the  actual  consumption  of  power  of  your 
tube  mill  is  double  the  theoretical 
amount  as  first  figured.  The  true  crush- 
ing efficiency  of  the  tube  mill  is  but  a 
little  more  than  that  of  a  wagon  wheel 
over  a  sandy  road. 

The   interest  taken  by   the   commercial 
trade,  as  contrasted  whh  that  of  the  met- 
allurgical, in  the  matter  of  fine  divisional 
crushing,  has  lately  been  brought  to  our 
attention   by   photomicrographs   made   by 
the  Michigan  Quartz  Silica  Company,  of 
the  product  it  is  producing  with  an  8-ft. 
dia.   Hardinge   conical   mill.     This   is  es- 
pecially  interesting   in   view   of   the    fact 
that  it  more  or  less  answers  one  of  the 
questions  I  have  suggested   above,  as  to 
whether  the  crushing  was  by  impact  or 
bv  attrition.    In  this  case  it  would  appear 
tliat  the  crushing  is  performed  by  impact 
or  shattering  of  the  particles.  The  photo- 
micrograph shows  that  the  fragments  are 
practically  all  angular  or  brecciated,  pre- 
sumably along  lines  of  crystallization. 


Returns  for  the  Last  Half-Year  on 
llie    Rand 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 

The  mining  returns  for  the  first  six 
months  of  1910  show  that  the  Rand  is 
steadilv  proceeding  with  the  policy  of 
mining  lower-grade  ores  at  a  reduced 
profit  per  ton.  The  returns  show  a  larger 
tonnage  of  ore  mined  for  a  reduced  pror"it 
per  ton  and  also  unfortunately  a  reduced 
total  profit.  During  1909  the  profit  was 
S2.87  per  ton  milled,  and  for  the  first 
six  months  of  1910  the  profit  was  S2.61 
only.  Comparing  August,  1910,  with 
August,  1909,  the  value  of  gold  produced 
was  £160,273  greater,  but  the  profit  was 
less  by  £19,058.  During  August  the 
mines  of  the  Rand  crushed  1,834,105  tons 
for  a  total  profit  of  £991,787. 

Crushing  will  not  be  started  on  the 
City  Deep  until  the  end  of  the  year  and 
the  full  tonnage  of  65,000  tons  per  month 
will  probablv  not  be  mined  until  March 
or  April,  1911.  It  was  first  anticipated 
that  crushing  would  be  started  in 
October. 


600-stamp  mill.  Particulars  of  the 
record  of  279  ft.  made  in  sinking  the  in- 
cline shaft  of  the  Van  Ryn  Deep  in  one 
month  show  that  the  shaft  was  7'/.x20  ft. 
at  a  dip  of  22  per  cent.  Six  3J4-in.  Hol- 
man  drills  were  employed,  and  an  aver- 
age of  30.5  holes  7 IS  ft.  deep  were  put 
in  per  round.  This  shaft  was,  I  believe, 
sunk  in  the  somewhat  soft  shales  of  the 
footwall. 

Sand  Filling  in  Stopes 

In  recent  notes  I  have  referred  to  the 
question  of  sand  filling,  and  this  matter 
is,  at  present,  engaging  much   attention. 
On  some  mines  it  has  so  far  proved  ap- 
pallingly  expensive.     The   costs   per   ton 
on  the  Ferreira  Deep  were  40c.,  and  the 
mines  cannot  stand  this  addition  to  work- 
ing costs.     The  methods  used  are,  how- 
ever,  largely   in   the   experimental   stage. 
The  need  of  a  binding  material  is  be- 
ing greatly   felt  and  ashes,  surface  soil 
and  decomposed  surface  rock  have  been 
proposed  for  this  use.     Vast  tonnages  of 
loose,  dry  sand   in   stopes  dipping  40  to 
50  per  cent,  might  be  more  troublesome 
and  dangerous  than  roof  falls. 


Microscopic  Fragments  Differ  Much 
IN  Size 
It  is  also   interesting  to   note   that   the 
largest  particle  shown  in  this  photomicro- 
graph has  an  actual  diameter  of  less  than 
200  mesh.    Allowing  for  a  reasonable  size 
of  thread   for  the   mesh,  the   actual   size 
of   the    particle    would    be    even    smaller 
than  200   mesh,   presumably   300   to   400 
mesh.     This  crushing  has  been  done  dry 
and  is  the  finished  product  required  as  a 
paint    filler    and     for     other    commercial 
uses.     A  study   of  this   photomicrograph 
will  also  show  that  the  associated  parti- 
cles vary  in  size  proportionally  as  much 
as  the  coarser  particles  produced  by  the 
rock  crusher  and   other   familiar   coarse- 
crushing   devices.     This   commercial     in- 
vestigation of  fine  crushing    certainly  of- 
fers a  basis  for  emulation  by  the  metal- 
lurgist   when    it    is    considered    that    the 
commercial   product,   namely   the   quartz 
itself,  bears  a  relation  of  100  per  cent,  of 
the     total     while    the    economic     results 
sought  for  by  the  metallurgist,  if  but  $20 
per  ton,  or  one  ounce  in  gold,  would  be 
about  1/300  of  1  per  cent. 

Some  engineers  have  been  innoculated 
with  a  germ  similar  to  that  carried  by 
the  tsetse  fiy;  it  is  producing  a  metal- 
lurgical sleeping  sickness,  a  satisfaction 
with  present  methods.  The  germ,  like  the 
200-mesh  particle,  is  microscopic,  but  the 
actual  basic  problem  in  the  industrial- 
metallurgical  field  is  gigantic.  Mining  of 
low-grade  ores  is  making  strides  far  in 
excess  of  metallurgical  methods;  it  is  be- 
ing done  in  thousands  instead  of  tens  of 
tons;  values  and  recoveries  are  considered 
in  cents  per  ton  rather  than  dollars.  A 
wide  field  is  opening  to  the  metallurgist; 
he  must  adance  his  methods  on  a  par 
with  his  mining  brother 


Disappointing  Developments  at  the 
Bantjes  Mine 
The  Bantjes  mine  started  work  in 
August  and  during  August  and  Septem- 
ber crushed  30,199  tons  of  a  screen  value 
of  6.85  dwt.  This  was  below  the  esti- 
mated value  of  the  ore,  besides  which 
various  troubles  were  met  with  in  the 
milling  and  treatment  plant,  so  the  shares 

fell. 

At    the    same    time    the    announcement 
was    made   that    the    ore    developed    on 
the  New  Kleinfontein  mine  had  not  been 
up   to   the   average    and   that   the   grade 
would  have  to  be  reduced.     These   facts 
combined  with  poor  development  results 
in   the   Cloverfield,   Van    Dyk    and    other 
mines  have  tended  to  depress  the  mar- 
ket.    Difficulties  are  also  being  met  with 
in   developing   the   basin   of  the   far  east 
Rand.     The    Grootvlei   mines   in   sinking 
a  seven-compartment  shaft   from   362  to 
375  ft.  met  with  a  flow  of  water  estimated 
at  1,700,000  gal.  per  24  hours,  and  sink- 
ing has  been  suspended.    The  yearly  re- 
ports have  not,  on  the  whole,  showed  a 
satisfactory  state  of  affairs. 

NouRsi-:  Mine  Shows  Impoverishment 
The  report  of  the  Nourse  mines  shows 
that  in  1909  444,700  tons  were  milled 
with  grade  of  7.46  dwt.,  at  a  cost  of  $4.93 
per  ton,  while  in  1910  464,600  tons  were 
milled  with  a  grade  of  7.34  dwt.,  at  a 
cost  of  $5.33  per  ton.  The  ore  reserves 
in  1909  amounted  to  2,100,000  tons,  at  a 
value  of  7.1  dwt.,  while  in  1910,  2,142,- 
000  tons  showed  a  value  of  only  6.5  dwt. 
In  the  Randfontein  Central  there  are 
developed  2.400,000  tons,  assaying  7.5 
dwt.  and  averaging  30-in.  milling  width, 
awaiting    the    completion    of    the    large 


Tungsten  Mining  in  Colorado 

Boulder  county,  Colorado,  which  pro- 
duces the  greater  part  of  the  world's 
tungsten  supply,  furnishes  an  exampie  of 
the  effect  that  metallurgical  progress  may 
have  on  the  profits  of  the  ore  producer. 
The  tungsten  ores  are  frequently  asso- 
ciated with  gold  and  silver,  and  are  al- 
ways  found   in  veins. 

The  problem  of  late  years  has  been 
the  concentration  of  the  low-grade  ores. 
Practically  every  known  make  of  con- 
centrator has  been  tried  by  the  mills, 
only  to  fail  in  saving  a  fair  content  of  the 
slime  from  these  ores.  Therefore,  every 
concentrating  mill  but  one  in  the  tun-'.sten 
belt  was  closed,  and  in  that  belt  ores 
were  bought  on  a  saving  of  70  per  cent. 
Thirty-five  per  cent,  was  the  best  that 
could  be  done  on  the  sulpho-telluride  and 
copper-gold  ores,  and  50  to  60  per  cent, 
saving  was  good  on  the  lead-silver  ores. 
Therefore,  many  mines  were  unable  to 
run  and  the  county  was  generally  re- 
garded as  a  poor  mining  field. 

According  to  a  recent  Colorado  School 
of  Mines  report,  a  new  development, 
however,  has  taken  place  through  the  in- 
stallation of  the  Monell  slime  concentra- 
tor. On  the  sulpho-tellurides  a  saving 
of  84  per  cent,  is  reported  and  15  per 
cent,  has  been  added  to  the  saving  on 
tungsten.  As  a  result  of  installing  the 
machines  in  the  Wolf  Tongue  mill  at 
Nederland,  a  new  schedule  has  been  is- 
sued, which  raises  the  price  paid  for 
tungsten  ore  an  average  of  20  per  cent. 
The  Zophar  mine  has  been  placed  on  a 
paying  basis  on  $6  to  $10  sulpho-telluride 
ore. 


November  26.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1059 


The    International    Smeltery    at    Tooele,    Utah 


While  much  of  the  information  con- 
tained in  the  following  description'  of  ihe 
Intern.itional  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company's  new  Tooele  (Utah)  smeltery 
has  already  appeared  in  previous  arti- 
cles, the  matter  is  of  fresh  interest,  ow- 
ing to  the  beginning  of  operations,  and 
;o  the  new  illustrations. 

The  smeltery  is  on  a  hillside,  which 
•nakes  it  possible  to  a  large  extent  for 
he  delivery-level  of  the  product  of  one 
luilding  to  be  the  charge-floor  level  of 
he  next  succeeding  one.  Fig.  2  is  a  gen- 
eral view  of  the  plant  from  the  soutn, 
hewing  the  smeltery  site,  arrangement  of 
luildings,  Utah  Consolidated  tramway 
erminal,  stack,  flues,  etc.,  while  Fig.  1, 
he  flow  sheet,  gives  a  good  idea  as  to 
he  extent  which  belt  conveyers  are  used 
■n  handling  ores. 

The  receiving  bins  are  of  steel  and  are 
reproof  throughout.     They   have  a  ca- 


in  center,  the  McDougal  bins  on  the 
right,  the  blast-furnace  bins  on  left,  also 
the  conveyer  housing  from  the  bins  to 
the  sampler. 

All  Ore  Mechanically  Weighed 

From  the  roaster  ore  bins  the  ore  is 
fed  automatically  on  a  belt-conveyer 
system,  which  conveys  and  discharges  it 
into  the  McDougal-furnace  charge  hop- 
per. The  ore  in  transit  from  the  bins  to 
the  roaster  plant  passes  over  a  Blake- 
Denison  automatic  continuous-weighing 
and  recording  machine. 

The  roaster  plant  consists  of  two  build- 
ings, each  containing  16  McDougal  cal- 
cining furnaces  of  the  Evans-Klepetko 
type.  After  calcining,  the  ore  drops  into 
hoppers  immediately  over  the  tracks  of 
the  electric-tramming  system  for  trans- 
portation to  the  charge  floor  of  the  rever- 
beratory  building.    No  fuel  is  used  other 


furnaces  have  a  maximum  capacity  of 
300  tons  of  calcines  in  24  hours  on  nat- 
ural draft.  The  fuel  used  is  Diamond- 
ville  coal,  shipped  from  mines  in  Wyo- 
ming, owned  by  the  Washoe  Copper 
Company.  The  coal  is  dropped  into  hop- 
pers which  have  five  points  of  discharge 
directly  over  the  firebox.  The  flame  after 
leaving  the  furnaces  passes  through  a 
746-h.p.  Stirling  boiler,  which  reduces 
the  temperature  of  'the  gases  going  to 
the  main  flue  to  about  600  deg.  F.  By 
this  means,  600  boiler  horsepower  are  ob- 
tained from  each  furnace  from  the  waste 
heat.  The  ashes  from  the  furnace  fire- 
box fall  into  hopper  cars,  and  are  hauled 
away  to  the  ash  dump.  Slag  is  skimmed 
from  the  reverberatories  twice  in  eight 
hours.  It  is  allowed  to  accumulate  until 
its  depth  is  from  three  to  four  inches 
above  the  skimming  plate  in  the  front  of 
the  furnaces,  and  then  skimmed  into  slag 


r-~.        /    Bliater 
LJ_J     Copper 


Fig.  1.    DiACRA.M  Showing  Flow  of  Material  through  Tooele  Smeltery 


T'lt  Enyttctrinj  ^Miniiy  Journal 


icity  of  10,000  tons  of  ore  and  coal, 
id  are  so  arranged  that  they  may  be 
rved  by  the  50-ton  electric  cars,  which 

liver  ore   from  the  tramway  terminal, 

by  standard  railroad  cars. 

Sample  Mill 

Ore   from   the   receiving   bins   is   con- 

yed  to  the  sample  mill  by  belt  convey- 

s,  which  feed  through  a  shaking  grizz- 

into  the  crushers.     Brunton  automatic 

mplers  cut  the  ore   four  times,  taking 

e-flfth  of  the  amount  each  time,  and 

;carding  four-fifths,  so  that  of  each  ton 

ore  crushed  a  sample  weighing  3.2  lb. 

obtained.        The     ore      after     being 

ushed    and    sampled     is    conveyed   by 

It  conveyers  to  the  McDougal-roaster 

•re!     receiving     bins.       If     it     is     de- 

:  ed    the    coarse     ore     may     be     con- 

•ed    to    the   blast    furnace    receiving 

A  blast   furnace  has  not  yet  been 

illed,   but   provision    has   been    made 

it.     Fig.  3  shows  the  sampling  mill 

Misti-act  of  a  papor  rpnrl  licfoie  thp  T'tiih 
■.  li'ty  of  KnB'npi>rs.  Sppt.  IC.  1!>10.  liv  f.  II. 
Ijiath  and  A  (;.  MnrCroirnr.  fnnsti-ui-tlnc 
jlrlnpprs.  Inlprnallonal  Simltlng  and  Uofln- 
li    Tompany. 


than  the  sulphur  in  the  crushed  ore, 
which  furnishes  sufficient  heat  to  do  the 
calcining.  The  gases  are  taken  through 
flues  into  the  large  brick-and-steel  dust 
chamber.  The  bottom  of  this  chamber 
forms  a  series  of  hoppers,  the  contents 
of  which  can  be  drawn  into  flue-dust 
cars  of  the  electric  tramway  system,  and 
conveyed  directly  to  the  reverberatory 
furnaces.  Each  McDougal  furnace  has 
a  capacity  of  45  tons  in  24  hours.  Fig. 
2  shows  the  McDougal  building  and  dust 
chamber  in  right-center. 

Waste-heat  Boilers  Recover  600  H.P. 
PER  Furnace 

The  reverberatory  plant  consists  of 
three  buildings  joined  -^gether:  The  re- 
verberatory charge  building,  containing 
the  ore  and  coal  hoppers  over  the  fur- 
nace; the  reverberatory  furnace  building 
covering  a  larger  part  of  the  furnace,  and 
the  boiler  house. 

Fig.  4  is  the  south  end  of  the  reverber- 
atory building,  and  Fig.  5  the  reverbera- 
tory charge-floor.  There  are  five  coal- 
fired  reverberatory  furnaces.  19x102  ft., 
with    a    grate    area    of   7x16    ft.      These 


cars  having  a  capacity  of  225  cu.ft., 
which  are  hauled  to  the  slag  dump  over 
the  electric  tramming  system.  The  matte 
is  tapped  from  the  side  of  the  furnaces 
through  a  copper  tap-hole  plate,  and  runs 
through  cast-iron  launders  directly  into 
the  converter  building.  One  of  the 
waste-heat  boilers  has  been  equipped 
with  a  superheater,  which  is  just  at  the 
rear  of  the  boiler.  In  case  it  proves 
satisfactory  the  other  boilers  can  each 
be  equipped  with  one. 

Converter  Department 

The  converter  plant  consists  of  the 
main  converter  aisle  containing  five 
stands,  and  the  lining  department,  also 
the  casting  shed.  The  converters  are  of 
the  horizontal  barrel  type,  and  are  96  'n. 
in  diameter,  and  150  in.  in  length.  They 
are  operated  electrically.  Fig.  5  shows 
the  first  converter  being  blown.  The 
main  aisle  is  served  by  a  60-ton  electric 
traveling  crane.  The  casting  department 
is  served  by  a  30-ton  electric  traveling 
crane.  Matte  is  received  in  launders  di- 
rectly from  the  reverberatory  furnaces. 
The  end  sections  of  these  launders  are 


1060 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,   1910. 


pivoted  so  that  the  matte  may  be  poured  a   crane,   and   its   contents   emptied    into  an   electric   crane,  and   contains   various 

directly  into  the  converter  opposite  a  re-  molds,  which  completes  the  operation  of  power    engines,    blowing    engines,    com- 

verberaiory  furnace,  or  the  launder  may  producing  pig  copper.  pressors,  generators    etc. 

be  turned  so  that  the  matte  will  fall  into  The  converters  are  lined  in  the  main         The   equipment   of   the   electric  tram- 

a  ladle,  and  be  transferred  by  the  crane  converter  building,  but  the  'ming  material  ming   system   consists   of  three   7K'-ton 

to    any   of   the   other   converters    in   the  is    prepared    in    a    building    adjacent    to  and   two    18-ton  electric   locomotives,  50 


Fic.  2.  General  View  of  International  Smeltery  at  Tooele,  Utah — Looking  North 


mtm^^ 


Fig.  3.   Blast-furnace  Bins — Sample  Mill — 
McDoucAL  Bins 


Fig.  4.   South  Entrance  to  Reverberatory 
Building 


Fig.  5.  Reverberatory  Charge  Floor  at 
Tooele,  Utah 


Fig.  6.  Blowing  First  Converter  Charge, 
Aug.  27,  1910 


building.  The  slag  from  the  converters 
is  poured  into  unlined  cast-steel  ladles, 
and  transferred  to  the  reverberatory  fur- 
naces by  means  of  overhead  cranes. 
There  are  two  of  these  cranes,  each  of 
12''  tons  capacity.  The  blister  copper 
Is  poured  into  a  ladle,  and  transferred  by 
the  crane  and  transfer  car  to  the  cast- 
ing department.    The  ladle  is  handled  by 


the     ore-crushing    plant     and     receiving 
bins. 

Power  and  Transportation  Equipment 

The  power-plant  building  is  of  brick 
and  steel.  It  has  a  lean-to  for  the  steam 
auxiliaries  on  one  side,  and  an  exten- 
sion on  the  other  side  for  the  switch- 
board.     The    building    is    equipped    with 


cars  of  various  kinds  for  handling  ore, 
coal,  calcines,  flue-dust,  ashes  and  slag. 
There  are  about  10  miles  of  industrial 
track  in  the  plant.  Fig.  7  shows  a  type 
of  50-ton  ore  car  which  delivers  ore  from 
tramway  terminals  to  bins. 

The  offices  are  in  one  end  of  the  build- 
ing, at  the  other  end  of  which  are  the 
machine,  carpenter  and  electrical  shops. 


I 


November  26,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


t061 


Between  the  shops  and  offices  are  a 
warehouse,  change  house  and  laboratory. 
The  blacksmith  and  boiler  shop  is  near 
the  machine  shop.  Adjacent  to  this  is 
the  locomotive  shed,  which  houses  the 
locomotives  and  spare  electric-tramming 
equipment. 

Water  Supply 

The  water  for  various  purposes  is  ob- 
tained from  Pine  canon.  It  is  conveyed 
by  gravity  from  a  dam  through  a  12-in. 
pipe,  approximately  5000  ft.  long,  to  a 
standpipe  of  50,000  gal.  capacity  at  the 
slant.  It  is  distributed  from  the  stand- 
Dipe  to  the  various  departments.     There 


-IG.  7.     A   50-TON    SELF-PROPtLLtD    ORE 

Car  Used  at  Tooele,  Utah 

e  two  tanks  having  a  capacity  of  43.900 
il.,  each  so  situated  that  ample  pressure 
afforded  for  fire  purposes  at  any  part 
the  grounds.  Water  is  pumped  into 
ese  tanks  from  the  general  supply  by 
i  fire  pump  at  the  power  house. 


Lead  Poisoning  and  Sublimed 
White  Lead 

By  J.  I.  Blair* 


Having  noticed  that  some  of  the  em- 
1  lyees  around  the  sublimed  lead  plant 
"  ere  I  was  working  were  less  suscep- 
lle  to  the  poisonous  effects  of  the  lead 
I  ne  than  others,  and  being  unable  to  get 
1  satisfactory  explanation  from  anyone 
t  inected  with  the  plant,  I  set  out  to  dis- 
t  er  the  cause  of  this  peculiar  state  of 
I  sirs  and  also  to  find  which  of  the 
t  je  possible  ways  the  fume  generally 
rkes  its  entrance  into  the  system, 
vjther  through  the  skin,  the  lungs,  or 
b  way  of  the  alimentary  canal. 

n  considering  the  various  theories  ad- 

V  ced  by  the  more  intelligent  workmen 
aund  the  plant,  I    found   that   the   pre- 

V  ing  idea  was  to  the  effect  that  con- 
fi  led  drinkers  were  the  only  men  who 
biime  leaded.  Having  been  successful 
ITinding  exceptions  to  this  accepted  rule 
I  iscredited  it  and  decided  to  begin  a 
J)  ematic  search  for  some  data  that 
*  !d  clear  up  the  seeming  puzzle. 

1   beginning   the    investigation    I    col- 

clilgh  fnhfisity.  Soulli  Rotlilcliom.  rcnn. 


lected  all  data  which  seemed  to  hear  on 
the  subject  at  hand  even  in  a  remote 
manner,  including  the  various  reasons  en- 
tertained by  the  various  victims.  Having 
cast  out  all  data  which  seemed  to  be  un- 
worthy of  further  consideration,  I  next 
began  a  classification  of  the  workmen,  di- 
viding them  into  the  affected  and  the  un- 
affected. 

Lung  and  Stomach  Trouble  not  a 
Cause 

In  comparing  the  members  of  the  first 
class  I  found  that  the  element  common  to 
all  was  lung  and  stomach  trouble,  asso- 
ciated with  a  weak  heart.  This  causal 
element,  as  it  seemed,  was  scarcely  per- 
ceptible in  the  second  class — those  who 
were  not  affected,  a  fact  which  all  but 
trade  the  seeming  cause  appear  the  real. 
At  this  stage  of  my  observations  I  should 
have  been  contented  to  accept  this  evi- 
dence as  conclusive  proof  that  only  those 
employees  were  leaded  whose  vitality 
was  low,  and  had  not  the  fact  disclosed 
itself  that  this  cause  alone  could  not 
account  for  some  cases  I  had  noticed, 
therefore  I  was  compelled  to  carry  my 
search  further  to  find  the  explanation  that 
would  cover  some  rare  cases  I  had  found 
where  some  men,  although  in  seemingly 
perfect  health,  were  leaded  within  a 
few  days  after  they  had  begun  working  at 
the  smeltery.  Other  instances  of  excep- 
tions tc  my  newly  found  rule  were  in  the 
persons  of  two  men  who  had  followed  the 
work  for  over  fifteen  years.  Both  men 
were  far  from  being  healthy  persons,  but 
neither  had  been  leaded  in  all  these  years. 

To  discover  the  way  in  which  the  pig- 
ment enters  the  system  I  divided  the  sub- 
jects under  observation  into  three  classes: 
(1)  Those  who  only  handled  the  pig- 
ment; (2)  those  who  were  forced  by  the 
nature  of  their  work  to  breath  more  or 
less  of  the  pigment;  (3)  those  who  both 
breathed  and  handled  the  pigment. 

Under  the  first  class  I  gathered  the 
painters,  grinders,  and  a  few  other  work- 
men who  handled  the  pigment  in  the 
absence  of  the  fume  dust.  In  these  cases 
the  pigment  undoubtedly  entered  the  sys- 
tem through  the  pores  of  the  skin,  some, 
however,  was  introduced  into  the  alimen- 
tary canal  by  careless  handling  of  tobacco 
and  also  by  having  been  smeared  on  the 
lips  of  the  men. 

White  Lead  Pigment  Cannot  Be 
Washed  Off 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  it  is  next  to  im- 
possible by  washing  with  ordinary  soap 
to  remove  sublimed  white  lead  when  once 
it  has  been  lodged  in  the  fine  wrinkles  of 
the  skin.  It  is  this  adhesive  property  that 
causes  the  trouble.  I  have  tried  person- 
ally, as  an  experiment,  with  a  wash 
brush  and  various  kinds  of  soap,  to  re- 
move the  pigment  from  one  of  my  hands, 
and  after  spending  enough  time  and 
energy  to  have  scrubbed  iny  whole  person 
several  times,  I  found  that  as  soon  as  the 


hand  was  dry  I  could  see  plainly  the 
lines  of  white  pigment  deep  in  the 
wrinkles  of  the  skin.  From  the  fact 
that  the  pigment  is  so  difficult  to  remove, 
I  am  led  to  believe  that  the  skin  of  the 
average  laborer  is  never  free  from  the 
pigment,  and  that  it  is  great  wonder  they 
survive  the  effects  as  well  as  they  do. 

Pigment  Also  Enters  Syste.m  by  Lungs 

In  the  second  class,  men  were  chosen 
who  protected  their  bodies  from  the 
fume,  but  were  compelled  to  breathe  at 
least  a  small  quantity  of  it  (the  best 
aspirators  are  not  over  90  per  cent,  effi- 
cient in  keeping  out  the  dust  and  fume). 
These  men  were  bag-shakers  and  pig- 
ment packers.  The  percentage  of  men 
leaded  in  this  group  was  much  less  than 
were  leaded  in  class  (1).  In  this  case  the 
pigment  must  have  entered  through  the 
lungs  as  the  bodies  were  always  well  pro- 
tected. 

The  third  class  was  composed  of  la- 
borers, "yard  men,"  who,  owing  to  the 
nature  of  their  work  were  forced  to 
handle  and  also  breathe  the  pigment. 
Among  this  class,  as  would  naturally  be 
expected,  the  percentage  of  victims  was 
approximately  twice  that  of  either  of  the 
other  two  classes.  The  fact  that  they  were 
h?bitual  drinkers  or  that  they  partook 
freely  of  acid  foods  such,  for  instance, 
as  pickles,  etc.,  did  not  seem  to  make  any 
difference  in  the  number  of  the  cases  or 
in  the  severity  of  the  effects  of  the  poi- 
son. This  last  mentioned  fact  seems  to 
disprove  the  old  idea  that  vinegar  and 
some  other  acid  foods  dissolved  the  basic 
lead  sulphate  in  the  stomach,  thus  per- 
mitting it  to  be  assimilated  by  the  system. 

A  New  Cleanser  Needed  for  the  Skin 

Owing  to  the  reticence  on  the  part  of 
the  management  and  to  the  limited  time 
I  had  in  which  to  collect  my  data  the 
subject  necessarily  suffers  under  treat- 
ment. However,  incomplete  as  it  may 
seem,  I  believe  that  sufficient  has  been 
shown  to  indicate  that  the  best  remedy 
is  not  to  be  found  by  improved  sanitary 
conditions  around  a  plant  of  this  char- 
acter, but  should  be  sought  by  making 
experiments  to  discover  some  simple,  in- 
expensive but  effective  method  of  remov- 
ing absolutely  the  last  trace  of  the  pig- 
ment from  the  skin.  Until  this  is  accom- 
plished there  will  continue  to  be  a  great 
deal  of  unnecessary  suffering  from  this 
source  of  lead  poison. 

What  has  been  said  of  sublimed  lead 
holds  also  for  "blue  fume"  of  the  regular 
lead  smelter.  The  various  compounds, 
prepared  especially  to  remove  paint,  etc... 
that  are  on  the  market,  do  not  meet  the 
requirements. 


The  Cape  to  Cairo  railroad  has  now 
reached  Elizabethville,  which  is  the  sta- 
tion for  the  Star  of  the  Congo  mine,  in 
the  Katanga  copperfield. 


1062 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


Noven.ber  26,  1910. 


The    Greenawalt    Electrolytic    Process 

Leaching  of  Ores  Followed  by  Electrolytic  Recovery  of  Copper,  Silver 
and    Gold.      Regeneration    of    Solvent    by    SO,    from    Roasting    Ores. 

BY    WILLIAM    E.    GREENAWALT* 


Various  methods  of  extracting  copper 
from  its  ores  by  wet  processes  have  been 
suggested  from  time  to  time.  Most  of 
the  copper  from  the  Rio  Tinto  mines,  in 
Spain,  has,  for  generations  been  extract- 
ed by  chemical  schemes.  At  Stadtberg, 
in  Westphalia,  and  at  Linz  on  the  Rhine, 
azurite  and  malachite  ores,  containing 
from  0.5  to  2  per  cent,  copper,  were  for 
a  long  time  successfully  treated  by  leach- 
ing methods,  in  vats  holding  90  tons.  At 
one  time  most  of  the  copper  prod"ced 
in  Great  Britain  from  foreign  and  do- 
mestic ores  was  extracted  by  solvent  pro- 
cesses. The  Hunt  and  Douglas  process, 
devised  many  years  ago,  was  until  re- 
cently in  continuous  operation  at  Argen- 
tine, Kan.  There  are  several  mines  in 
the  United  States  where  chemical  pro- 
cesses are  in  operation,  and  at  Medz- 
ianka,  Poland,  the  copper  has  been  ex- 
tracted by  an  electrolytic  method  for  sev- 
eral years.  Acid  processes,  when  local 
conditions  were  favorable  to  the  cheap 
production  of  acid,  have  added  much  to 
the  world's  supply  of  copper. 

These  processes,  however,  all  have  de- 
fects which  are  fatal  to  their  extended 
application.  Principal  among  these  is 
the  fact  that  copper  ores  almost  al- 
ways contain  some  silver  and  gold,  and 
these  metals  cannot  be  recovered  by  any 
one  of  the  wet  methods  now  in  use,  and 
one,  and  sometimes  two,  additional  treat- 
ments are  necessary  to  extract  the  gold 
and  silver. 

Most  of  the  wet  methods  of  extracting 
copper  from  its  ores  which  have  met  with 
more  or  less  success,  have  either  sul- 
phuric or  hydrochloric  acid  as  the  basis 
of  the  solvent,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that 
processes  which  have  neither  of  these 
acids  as  the  basis,  can  never  hope  to  find 
more  than  limited  application. 

Disadvantages  of   Previous   Acid   Pro- 
cesses 

One  of  the  essential  difficulties  with 
acid  processes  has  been  that  the  acid 
is  usually  too  expensive  to  admit  of  ex- 
tended use  in  mining  districts,  which  are 
ordinarily  located  far  from  the  source  of 
acid  supply.  Installation  of  acid  plants 
at  the  mines  has  not  solved  the  diffi- 
culty. It  takes  approximately  1.5  lb.  of 
sulphuric  acid  to  dissolve  1  lb.  of  cop- 
per as  sulphate.  If  hydrochloric  acid  is 
used,  it  takes  approximately  0.6  lb.  of 
acid  to  extract  one  pound  of  copper  as 
cuprous  chloride,  and    I.l    lb.   as  cupric 


•Knelnner  and  motnllurglst.  l.")l  Wrat  ('cdiir 
aveniii'.    rxnivpr.    Colo. 


chloride.  Much  of  the  acid,  whether 
sulphuric  or  hydrochloric,  combines  with 
the  base  elements  of  the  ore  and  serves 
no  useful  purpose.  The  copper  solution, 
as  drawn  from  the  ore,  is  usually  acid; 
it  is  necessary,  therefore,  if  iron  is  used 
as  the  precipitant,  to  neutralize  the  free 
acid  before  precipitating  the  copper.  If 
this  precaution  is  not  taken  the  solution 
will  neutralize  itself  at  the  expense  of 
the  iron.  It  is  evident  that  the  acid, 
which  was  provided  at  some  expense, 
must  again  be  neutralized  at  further  ex- 
pense without  having  extracted  any  cop- 
per. 

All  Acid  Wasted  Ordinarily 

The  amount  of  acid  which  it  is  neces- 
sary to  provide,  in  any  process,  is  con- 
siderably more  than  that  combining  with 
the  copper,  and  all  the  acid  is  irrecover- 
ably lost  when  iron  is  used  as  the  pre- 
cipitant. In  some  methods  the  ferric- 
sulphate  solution  is  used  after  the  cop- 
per has  been  precipitated  by  the  iron, 
but  it  is  too  slow  in  solvent  action  to 
admit  of  wide  application. 

Theoretically,  88.8  lb.  of  iron  are  re- 
quired to  precipitate  100  lb.  of  copper 
from  sulphate  solutions.  In  practice  it 
takes  from  200  to  300  lb.  of  scrap  iron. 
Here,  again,  a  large  expense  is  incurred 
in  providing  iron  with  which  to  precipi- 
tate the  copper.  In  commercial  centers, 
where  scrap  iron  is  cheap,  this  matter  is 
serious  enough,  but  in  distant  mining 
camps  it  is  fatal  to  the  cheap  recovery 
of  the  copper.  The  copper  precipitated 
by  scrap  iron  is  usually  from  75  to  85 
per  cent.  pure. 

Difficulties     of     Electrolytic     Pro- 
cesses 

Electrolytic  processes  have  their  own 
peculiar  difficulties.  In  all  of  them  the 
electrolysis  is  confined  to  the  precipita- 
tion of  the  copper  and  regeneration  of 
the  solvent.  The  solution  of  the  copper 
from  the  ore  is  the  same  as  for  the  reg- 
ular chemical  processes.  Among  the 
greatest  difficulties  so  far  encountered  in 
electrolysis  is  in  the  use  of  insoluble 
anodes,  and  of  diaphragms,  if  diaphragms 
are  necessary. 

It  is  evident  that  any  wet  process  to  be 
eminently  successful,  must  fulfill  the  fol- 
lowing conditions:  (1)  The  process 
must  extract  the  copper,  silver  and  gold 
from  the  ore  in  one  operation;  (2)  the 
solvent  must  be  reasonably  active  and 
be  cheaply  produced;  (3)  the  solvent 
must    be    cheaply    regenerated;    (4)   the 


copper  must  be  cheaply  precipitated 
from  acid  solutions;  (5)  the  precipitated 
copper  must  be  reasonably  pure. 

Theory  of  the  Greenawalt  Process 

In  the  electrolytic  process  herewith  de- 
scribed', the  copper  is  dissolved  by  di- 
lute acid  chloride  solutions,  and  then 
precipitated  by  electrolysis,  while  at  the 
same  time  the  acid,  which  was  combined 
with  the  copper,  is  recovered,  being  again 
regenerated  as  free  acid,  at  the  expense 
of  sulphur  dioxide  and  water.  Salt  is 
the  only  chemical  which  it  is  necessary 
to  provide.  Theoretically,  the  chlorine 
in  the  salt  is  not  consumed,  nevertheless 
in  practice,  about  one-eighth  pound  of 
salt  should  be  provided  with  every  pound 
of  copper  produced.  The  oxide,  carbon- 
ate, and  silicate  ores  of  copper  may  be 
treated  without  roasting.  The  sulphides 
are  roasted.  If  the  ore  is  roasted,  salt 
may  be  added  during  the  roasting. 

The  ore,  after  being  crushed,  is  placed 
in  large  leaching  vats  for  chemical  treat- 
ment. The  first  step  in  the  chemical 
process  consists  in  combining  chlorine 
generated  from  metal  chlorides  by  elec- 
trolysis, with  sulphur  dioxide  producedby 
roasting  concentrates  or  sulphide  ore,  in 
the  presence  of  water,  to  form  acid. 
This  may  be  shown  by  the  following  well 
known  reactions: 
2C1  +  S0= -f  2H=0  = 

2HCl-}-H:S0..  (1) 
2HC1  +  CuO  =  CuCl=  +  H=0.  (2) 
H=SO.  +  CuO  =  CuSO.  +  H,.0.   (3) 

Both  sulphuric  acid  and  copper  sul- 
phate react  with  common  salt  to  form 
hydrochloric  acid  or  cupric  chloride,  so 
that  neither  the  sulphuric  acid  nor  the 
copper  sulphate  could  exist  in  the  solu- 
tion. These  well  known  reactions  are: 
H.SO<    +    2NaCl    =    2KC1    -f    Na^SO.. 

(4) 

CuSO.  +  2NaCl  =  CuCl  +  Na.SO.. 

(5)     ' 

Cupric  chloride,  when  warm  and  in  the 
presence   of  other  metal   chlorides,  acts 
readily   on   silver   and   its   compounds  in 
the  ore  to  form  silver  chloride,  thus: 
Ag  -f-  CuCL  :=  AgCl  +  CuCl.        (6) 

From  80  to  90  per  cent,  of  the  silver 
may  in  this  way  be  extracted  with  the 
copper,  especially  if  the  ore  is  given  a 
chloridizing  roast.  If  the  ore  contain:: 
considerable  silver,  it  is  desirable  tc 
leach  with  a  fairly  concentrated  solution 
of  base  metal  chlorides. 

'U.    S.    rats.    !)(;s.(i.-.l.   IIOS.GoL'  and  il08,84.'> 


November  20,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1063 


The  solubility  of  chlorine  in  water  is 
limited.  By  the  indirect  method  of  com- 
bining the  chlorine  with  sulphur  dioxide 
and  water  to  form  acid,  any  desired 
strength  of  acid  solution  may  be  obtained 
for  the  copper,  and  a  chlorine  solution  of 
sufficient   strength    for   the   gold. 

Cuprous  Solution  Formed 

The  cupric  chloride  solution,  issuing 
from  the  leaching  vats,  is  saturated  with 
sulphur  dio.xide  obtained  from  roasting 
sulphide  ore.  This  converts  the  cupric 
chloride  into  the  currous  chloride,  thus: 
2CuCL  +  SO..  +  2H..0  =  2CuCl  + 
2HC1  4    H.SO,.  (7^ 

The  object  of  this  is:  The  electric  cur- 
rent deposits  twice  as  much  copper,  the- 
oretically, per  ampere,  from  a  cuprous  as 
from  a  cupric  solution,  and  with  an  ex- 
penditure   of    only    65   per   cent,    of    the 


thereby  greatly  reducing  the  necessary 
voltage  in  the  deposition  of  the  copper; 
it  dispenses  with  the  necessi./  of  dia- 
phragms in  the  electrolytic  precipitating 
cells;  it  is  possible  by  this  method,  to 
extract  other  valuable  metals  from  the' 
ore,  with  the  copper,  and  with  the  same 
solution. 

This  is  not  possible  when  working 
on  a  sulphate  basis;  insoluble  anodes, 
precipitating  from  chloride  solutions,  arc 
vastly  more  durable  than  when  precipi- 
tating from  sulphate  solutions.  Graphi- 
tized  carbon  electrodes  have  for  many 
years  been  successfully  used  both  in  the 
United  States  and  Europe  for  the  electro- 
lytic decomposition  of  the  various  metal 
chlorides,  while  the  productions  of  a  suit- 
able insoluble  anode  for  the  decomposi- 
tion of  sulphates,  may  still  be  regarded 
as  one  of  the  unsolved  problems  of  elec- 
tro-chemistry. 


Tank  Room—Greenawalt  Electrolytic  Plant 


energy  per  unit  of  -copper;  the  sulphur 
dioxide,  combining  with  cupric  chloride 
and  water,  produces-.larKe  quantities  of 
acid.  A  molecule  of  acid  is  in  this  way 
regenerated  for  every  molecule  of  cop- 
per reduced  from  the  cupric  to  the  cu- 
prous condition.  For  every  pound  of  cop- 
per reduced  from  the  cupric  to  the  cu- 
prous chloride,  1.4  lb.  of  acid  is  regener- 
ated; the  excess  of  sulphur  dioxide  com- 
bines with  the  chlorine  liberated  during 
electrolysis  of  the  cupric  chloride  to  pre- 
cipitate the  copper,  thereby  again  regen- 
erating 1.4  lb.  of  acid»for  every  pound 
of  copper  reduced  from  the  cuprous 
chloride  to  metallic  copper.  The  reac- 
tions are: 

2CuCl  -I-  electric  current  —  2Cu  4-  2CI. 

(81 
2CI    (    SO.  -f  2H:.0  =  2HC1  -f  H=SO, 

-4-  75  calories;  (9) 

the  above,  reactions  give  rise  to  an  elec- 
tromotive force  working  with  the  current. 


Excess  Acin  Regenerated 

It  is  evident,  that  in  depositing  one 
pound  of  copper,  2.8  lb.  of  acid  is  regen- 
erated at  the  expense  of  sulphur  dioxide 
and  water.  This  amount  of  acid  is  capa- 
ble of  taking  up  twice  the  amount  of 
copper  from  which  it  is  precipitated.  The 
regenerated  acid  solution  is  again  ap- 
plied to  the  ore,  where  some  of  the 
acid  again  combines  with  the  copper,  and 
some  with  the  base  elements,  principally 
lime,  forming  the  insoluble  calcium  sul- 
phate, which  remains  in  the  ore.  The 
sulphuric  acid  is  the  one  which  is  elim- 
inated by  combining  with  the  base  ele- 
ments, while  the  hydrochloric  acid  com- 
bines with  the  copper,  again  resulting  in 
the  formation  of  the  original  cupric 
chloride.  This  cycle  of  solution,  precip- 
itation, and  regeneration,  is  repeated  in- 
d'jflnitely.  When  one  vat  of  ore  is  suffi- 
ciently treated,  the  solution  is  turned  into 
the  next. 


All  of  the  metal  chlorides  have  the 
faculty  of  displacing  copper  from  its 
sulphate  combinations.  For  example,  if 
there  is  lime  in  the  ore,  as  there  usually 
is,  both  the  sulphuric  and  hydrochloric 
acids  may  combine  with  it.  If  the  hydro- 
chloric acid  combines  with  the  lime,  the 
result  will  be  the  formation  of  calcium 
chloride,  but  the  calcium  chloride  will 
at  once  react  with  the  copper  sulphate  m 
the  solution  and  convert  it  into  the  cu- 
pric chloride,  thus: 

2HC1  +  CaO  -=  CaCU  +  H.O.  (10) 
CuSO,  +  CaCL  =^  CuCL  +    CaSO« 

(11) 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  the  sul- 
phuric acid  is  the  one  which  is  elim- 
inated by  reacting  with  the  base  ele- 
ments; and  the  sulphuric  acid  is  re- 
newed by  the  sulphur  dioxide  from  the 
roasting  furnace.  The  base-metal  chlor- 
ides act  as  a  solvent  for  the  silver  chlor- 
ide. 

If  there  is  gold  in  the  ore  the  acid 
chloride  solution  is  charged  with  chlor- 
ine, generated  either  from  the  copper 
chloride  or  from  common  salt,  by  elec- 
trolysis. It  takes  1.7  lb.  of  salt  to  pro- 
di!ce  1  lb.  of  chlorine,  and  5  lb.  of  chlor- 
ine will,  ordinarily,  extract  the  gold  from 
a  ton  of  the  average  copper  ore.  This 
chlorine  is  not  lost,  but  is  ultimately  con- 
verted into  base  metal  chloride,  in  which 
form  it  is  again  used  to  extract  the  cop- 
per and  silver  from  new  charges  of  ore. 
Theoretically,  none  of  the  chlorine  used 
in  the  process,  whether  free  or  combined, 
is  lost.  It  simply  changes  its  condition 
from  acid  to  chloride  in  the  leaching  vats, 
and  is  again  regenerated  to  acid  by  the 
electrolysis.  In  practice  there  is,  of 
course,  a  small  unavoidable  loss  of 
chlorine,  but  this  should  not  exceed  that 
contained  in  one-eighth  pound  of  salt 
per  pound  of  copper  produced. 

Sulphuric   Acid   Consumption 

It  takes  from  one- fourth  to  one-half 
pound  of  sulphur,  usually  in  the  form  of 
sulphide  ore,  or  concentrates,  to  produce 
one  Dound  of  copper.  This  sulphur  is 
used  in  the  form  of  sulphur  dioxide,  pro- 
duced from  roasting  the  ore.  After  the 
ore  is  roasted,  it  is  treated  in  leaching 
vats  for  the  extraction  of  the  copper. 
The  sodium  sulphate,  produced  in  oper- 
ating the  process,  is  inert;  its  presence 
in  the  solution  does  not  appear  in  any 
way  to  be  advantageous,  neither  does  it 
appear  to  be  deleterious.  It  will  be 
noticed  that  sulphur  dioxide  is  the  sub- 
stance consumed  in  the  sulphate  pro- 
cesses, as  it  is  also  the  substance 
consumed  in  the  present  chloride 
process;  but  the  electrolytic  deposition 
in  the  chloride  process  is  from  a  chloride 
and  not  from  a  sulphate  solution.  In 
this  way,  one  of  the  greatest  difficulties 
in  the  electrolytic  extraction  of  copper 
from  its  ores — that  of  the  insoluble 
anode — is  entirely  overcome. 


1064 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  26,   1910. 


It  is  intended  primarily  to  work  the 
process  with  impure  solutions.  Any 
electrolytic  method,  depending  on  pure 
solutions  for  success,  must,  of  necessity, 
be  unsatisfactory.  Nevertheless,  in  time, 
the  solution  may  contain  sufficient  un- 
desirable elements  to  make  their  re- 
moval advisable.  The  elements  most 
injurious  to  copper,  are  bismuth,  arsenic 
and  antimony.  These,  together  with  all 
the  metals  of  the  first  and  second  groups, 
may  be  completely  removed  frcm  acid 
solutions  by  hydrogen  sulphide,  and  at 
the  same  time  regenerating  an  amount 
of  acid  equivalent  to  the  metals  precipi- 
tated. 

Regeneration  by  Caustic  Alkalis 

Should  a  more  thorough  purification 
be  desired,  the  following  method  is  pre- 
ferred:. Salt  (NaCl)  is  electrolyzed  to 
produce  chlorine  and  caustic  soda,  thus: 
NaCl  -!-  H:0  J-  electric  current  =  C1+ 

NaOH  +H.  (12) 

The  chlorine  thus  obtained  is  converted 
into   acid   thus: 

2C1  +  S0=  +  2H=0  +  2NaCl  =  4HC1 
^  Na.SO.,.  (13) 

which    is   used    to   dissolve   more   copper 
from  the  ore.     The  caustic  soda  is  used 
to  purify  the  solution  by  precipitating  out 
the  base  elements,  thus: 
RCK  +  2NaOH  =  2NaCI  +  R   (0H)„ 

(14) 
after  which  the  purified  solution,  regen- 
erated in  salt,  is  filtered   from  the  pre- 
cipitated hydroxides. 

Two  kilowatt-hours,  costing  from  one- 
half  to  four  cents,  will  produce  approxi- 
mately one  pound  of  chlorine,  capable  of 
dissolving  two  pounds  of  copper,  and  1.2 
lb.  of  caustic  soda  which,  at  the  same 
time,  is  used  for  the  purification  of  the 
solution  and  regeneration  of  the  salt. 
From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  the  cost 
of  the  purification  of  the  solution  is  a 
negligible   matter. 

Iron  cannot  well  accumulate  in  the 
solution  in  the  operation  of  the  process. 
Ferrous  chloride  is  a  good  solvent  of  cop- 
per, but  in  dissolving  the  copper  the  iron 
is  precipitated  as  the  insoluble  ferric  ox- 
ide, and  is  in  this  way  continually  elim- 
inated  from  the  solution,  thus: 

2FeCL  +  3CuO   =   Fe.O.,  -f   CuCl.  + 

2CuCl.  (15) 

2FeCU  +  3CuC0=  =  Fe=03  +  CuCL  + 
2  CuCl  +  3  C0>  (16) 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  that  the  iron 
is  not  .only  eliminated,  but  that  the  chlor- 
ine, combined  with  the  iron,  renders  its 
equivalent  in  copper. 

in  this  respect  the  chloride  solution 
has  an  advantage  over  a  sulphate  solu- 
tion, since  In  a  chloride  solution  the  iron 
is  continually  eliminated  as  the  ferric 
oxide,  while  in  a  sulphate  solution  it 
simply  changes  from  the  ferric  to  the  fer- 
rous condition,  but  it  is  not  eliminated. 

The  iron  in  the  chloride  solution  as  it 


is  applied  to  the  ore  will  be  in  the  con- 
dition of  ferric  chloride,  and  the  ferric 
chloride  i«  not  only  a  good  solvent  of 
copper,  but  is  also  an  excellent  chlorid- 
izer  of  the  silver  which  may  be  con- 
tained in  the  ore. 

Application  of  the  Process 

The  process,  in  practice,  is  carried  out 
very  much  the  same  way  as  any  other 
wet  method  of  treating  ores.  With  the 
exception  of  the  electrolysis,  it  is  not 
essentially  different,  either  in  installation 
or  operation,  than  the  cyanide  or  chlorin- 
ation  processes  for  the  extraction  of  gold, 
the  hyposulphite  process  for  the  extrac- 
tion of  silver,  or  the  acid  pro- 
cesses for  the  extraction  of  cop- 
per from  leachable  ores.  In  this 
electrolytic  copper  process,  however, 
the  power,  both  in  operation  and 
installation,  is  an  important  factor.  The 
power  accomplishes  both  the  precipita- 
tion of  the  copper  and  the  regeneration 
of  the  solvent.  While  the  aggregate  cost 
of  the  power  is  an  important  factor  in 
the  cost  of  operation,  it  is  quite  small 
in  any  case  per  pound  of  copper  ex- 
tracted. 

In  the  location  and  installation  of 
plants,  cheap  power,  preferably  water 
power,  is  desirable.  Fortunately,  if  the 
conditions  at  the  mine  are  adverse  to  the 
cheap  development  of  power,  it  may  be 
generated  from  coal  at  the  nearest  rail- 
road point  and  transmitted  electrically 
where  desired.  Frequently,  however, 
water  power  may  be  available  within  a 
radius  of  50  miles  from  the  reduction 
plant,  and  such  a  distance  is  not  too 
far    for    economic    transmission. 

In  this  respect  the  electrolytic  process 
has  a  marked  advantage  over  ordinary 
chemical  methods,  and  over  smelting 
where  the  fuel  and  fluxes  for  suitable 
ore  mixtures  have  to  be  transported  to 
the  smeltery. 

Since,  therefore,  power,  which  is  the 
essence  of  the  electrolytic  process,  can 
be  cheaply  transmitted  no  matter  what 
the  physical  condition  of  the  country 
may  be,  the  cost  of  reducing  the  ore  is 
n'ot  so  much  dependent  upon  the  location 
of  the  mine  or  its  proximity  to  lines  of 
transportation. 

SiLicious  Ores   Best   for  the   Process 

The  ores  best  adapted  to  the  electro- 
lytic treatment  are  those  which  are  high- 
ly silicious,  preferably  oxidized,  and  con- 
taining but  little  lime.  Such  ores  are 
most  difficult  to  smelt,  since  they  contain 
little  or  no  fluxing  material,  and  usually 
not  sufficient  sulphur  to  form  a  desirable 
matte.  The  ores  suited  to  the  process 
may  be  classified  as  follows:  Silicious 
oxidized  copper  ores,  containing  the  cop- 
per either  as  oxide  or  carbonate;  silicious 
sulphide  ores;  silicious  copper  ores  con- 
taining silver,  gold  or  lead;  silicious  sil- 
ver and  gold  ores  containing  copper; 
copper  concentrates,   which   may   contain 


either  silver,  gold  or  lead.  The  iron  in 
the  ooncentrates  does  not  offer  any  ser- 
ious difficulty.  If  there  is  lime  in  the 
ore,  it  will  not  be  present  in  the  con- 
centrates in  injurious  amounts.  Zinc  is 
harmful  but  not  serious  in  small  quan- 
tities. 

Up  to  the  present  no  satisfactory 
chemical  process  has  yet  been  disclosed 
for  the  treatment  of  silicious  gold  and 
silver  ores  containing  copper.  It  is 
claimed  for  this  process  that  it  solves  the 
problem  of  the  treatment  of  these  ores. 
Not  only  is  the  gold  and  silver  recovered 
satisfactorily,  but  the  copper  in  the  ore 
is  a  benefit  to  the  treatment,  and  is  re- 
covered  at   a   profit. 

Impurities  in  Ores  and  Their  Effects 

The  elements  most  injurious  to  the 
electrolytic  process,  and  which  are  fre- 
quently found  in  copper  ores,  are  cal- 
cium, magnesium,  aluminum  and  zinc. 
Any  other  elements  offer  no  serious  ob- 
stacles to  the  process.  Of  the  injurious 
elements,  the  quantities  which  are  fatal 
depend  largely  on  the  way  they  are  com- 
bined in  the  ore.  For  example,  calcium 
occurring  as  the  sulphate,  gypsum, 
is  unaffected  by  the  process,  but 
calcium  occurring  as  the  oxide  or  car- 
bonate, lime  or  limestone,  is  likely  to 
give  trouble  if  present  in  considerable 
quantities.  If  the  ore  contains  much 
iron,  roasting  is  desirable;  if  it  contains 
sulphides,  roasting  is  necessary. 

Plants  may  be  erected  of  any  size  and 
operated  in  any  unit.  For  economic  rea- 
sons, however,  it  will  not  ordinarily  be 
desirable  to  erect  and  operate  plants  of 
less  than  25  tons  per  day.  For  large 
plants  a  unit  of  250  tons,  or  even  500 
tons  per  day,  will  probably  be  the  most 
convenient.  The  power  consumed  in 
electrolysis  is  proportional  to  the  amount 
of  copper  deposited. 

The  fineness  to  which  it  is  desirable  to 
crush  the  ore  will  depend  largely  on  the 
nature  of  the  ore.  Some  carbonates  may 
be  most  economically  treated  by  crush- 
ing no  finer  than  four  to  eight  mesh, 
while  with  sulphides  it  is  advisable  to 
crush  to  12  or  16  mesh.  If  agitation  is 
resorted  to  in  the  chemical  treatment  in- 
stead of  percolation,the  ore  may  be 
crushed  to  any  degree  of  fineness  de- 
sired, as  is  now  done  in  many  plants 
heating  gold  ores  by  the  cyanide  pro- 
cess. The  sulphur  used  in  the  process 
may  be  obtained  from  any  source,  and 
may  be  either  in  the  form  of  sulphur  or 
of  sulphide  ore.  Ordinarily  the  sulphur 
dioxide  will  be  obtained  from  roasting 
sulphide  ore,  in  which  the  roasting  is 
preparatory  to  further  metallurgical 
treatment. 

Copper    Produced  99   per   Cent.   Pure 

The  copper  is  deposited  by  the  electric 
current  in  a  granular  condition,  and  does 
not  adhere  to  the  cathodes.  It  is  of  ex- 
ceptional   purity.      If    carefully    washed 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1065 


to  free  it  from  soluble  salts,  it  will  as- 
say 99  P^T  cent,  purity  before  melting 
and  casting  into  ingots.  It  is  not  intend- 
ed by  this  process  to  make  electrolytic 
copper  direct  from  the  ore,  nevertheless, 
if  the  ore  is  not  too  complex,  it  is  rea- 
sonably certain  that  copper  can  be  pro- 
duced which,  after  melting  and  fusion 
refining  before  casting  into  ingots,  will 
equal  in  grade  either  Lake  or  electro- 
lytic copper.  A  good  grade  of  casting 
copper  can  be  produced  from  any  ore. 

The  copper  as  deposited  in  the  electro- 
lyzer,  is  accumulated  from  time  to  time, 
washed,  and  charged  into  an  ordinary  re- 
verberatory  melting  furnace  and  cast  into 
ingots,  or  into  anodes,  if  the  copper  con- 
tains sufficient  silver  and  gold  to  warrant 
electrolytic  refining.  During  the  opera- 
tion of  melting  it  can  also  be  refined. 
The  copper  may  be  withdrawn  from  the 
electrolyzers  in  about  10  minutes.  Ul- 
timately, electrolyzers  will  be  built  so 
that  the  copper  may  be  withdrawn  while 
they  are  in  operation,  so  that  it  will  not 
be  necessary  to  put  them  out  of  com- 
mission except  for  repairs.  The  gold 
and  silver  occurring  in  the  ore  may  be  de- 
posited with  the  copper,  or  separately, 
if  desired.  If  the  copper  needs  electro- 
lytic refining,  there  would  be  no  advan- 
tage in  depositing  the  metals  separately. 

Recovery  90  per  Cent,  or  Over 

The  percentage  of  extraction  that  may 
be  expected  will  depend  much  on  the  na- 
ture of  the  ore.  On  several  tons  of  Ari- 
zona carbonate  ore,  assaying  1,3  per  cent. 
copper  and  5.3  oz.  of  silver  per  ton,  the 
tailings  assayed  0.25  per  cent,  copper 
and  0.4  oz.  silver  per  ton,  showing  an 
extraction  of  98  per  cent,  of  the  copper 
and  85  per  cent,  of  the  silver.  On  a 
somewhat  similar  ore  from  Utah,  there 
was  no  difficulty  in  getting  an  extraction 
of  99  per  cent,  of  the  copper.  The  ore 
is  these  tests  was  treated  raw.  crushed  to 
4  mesh.  On  some  pyritic  concentrates 
from  New  Mexico,  assaying  10.2  per 
:ent.  copper,  an  extraction  of  90.5  per 
;ent.  was  obtained  in  a  test  treating  two 
ons  of  the  material,  crushed  to  12  mesh, 
ind  roasted.  A  silicious  sulphide  ore 
from  the  San  Juan  district  in  Colorado, 
issaying  6.8  per  cent,  copper  and  some 
silver  and  gold,  showed  an  extraction  of 
M.5  per  cent,  of  all  the  metals,  with  the 
)re  crushed  to  16  mesh  and  carefully 
oasted. 

Present  Experimental  Plant 
Described 
The  testing  and  experimental  plant  in 
Denver  is  capable  of  treating  from  eight 
0  ten  tons  of  ore  at  a  time,  in  two  vats 
lolding  five  tons  each.  A  25-h.p.  boiler 
ind  a  20-h.p.  engine  furnish  the  power 
0  drive  a  low-voltage  dynamo  of  500 
imp.  Two  electrolyzers,  each  having  a 
japacity  of  500  amp.,  are  used  to  pre- 
{ipitate  the  copper.  These  electrolyzers 
're  test  machines,  which  are  soon  to  be 


replaced  with  two  larger  ones  of  1500 
amp.  each.  After  an  efficiency  test  the 
precipitated  copper  is  carefully  collected, 
washed  to  free  it  from  soluble  salts, 
dried  and  weighed  to  ascertain  both  the 
current  and  energy  efficiency.  A  furnace 
of  three  tons  capacity  is  used  to  roast 
sulphide  ores  preparatory  to  the  chemi- 
cal treatment. 

Efficiency  of  Test  Plant 

From  such  tests,  covering  a  wide  range 
of  conditions  the  basis  of  power  con- 
sumption in  the  electrodeposition  was  ob- 
tained. One  of  the  principal  factors  in 
these  conditions  was  the  current  density, 
which  was  varied  from  6.2  to  66  amp. 
per  sq.ft.  The  average  of  these  tests, 
taking  good,  bad  and  indifferent,  ranging 
over  a  period  of  several  years,  shows  that 
a  pound  of  copper  was  deposited  per 
kilowatt-hour,  and  this  is  made  the  pres- 
ent basis  of  costs  and  power.  The  best 
tests  show  over  100  per  cent,  better  than 
this;  some  as  much  as  2.6  lb.  per  kilo- 
watt-hour. It  is  reasonable  to  suppose 
that  with  experience  and  further  investi- 
gation as  to  the  cause  of  the  principal 
loss  of  efficiency,  there  should  be  no  dif- 
ficulty in  bringing  the  average  up  to  the 
best  yet  recorded,  or  2.6  lb.  per  kilowatt- 
hour.  It  is  safer,  however,  to  take  the 
average  efficiency  for  the  present,  until 
the  higher  efficiency  is  permanently  main- 
tained. Even  the  higher  efficiency  is  only 
about  50  per  cent,  of  the  theoretical  ef- 
ficiency, so  there  is  an  extremely  wide 
margin  for  iinprovement  in  the  saving  of 
power  from  the  basis  of  1  lb.  of  copper 
per  kilowatt-hour. 

During  all  the  tests  at  the  Denver  test- 
ing plant,  the  same  solution  was  used;  it 
was  never  purified,  nor  has  any  acid  been 
added  since  the  first  test,  over  two  years 
ago.  The  tests  were  made  intermittently 
during  that  period.  The  .Acheson  graph- 
itized  electrodes  used  during  these  tests 
have  never  been  replaced  and.  in  fact, 
do  not  show  any  perceptible  wear.  Com- 
parative tests  were  made  with  and  with- 
out diaphragms,  with  the  result  that  the 
diaphragms  have  been  permanently  dis- 
carded. 

Cost  of  Treatment 
The  cost  of  power  varies  greatly  in  the 
various  copper-mining  districts  of  the 
world.  In  large  installations,  under 
ordinarily  favorable  conditions,  there  is 
no  reason  why  power  should  not  be  pro- 
duced for  S50  per  kilowatt-year,  either 
with  hydroelectric,  gas,  and  possibly 
steam  installation,  assuming  that  for  gas 
and  steam  the  power  plant  is  located  at 
the  railroad  and  the  power  transmitted 
to  the  reduction  works.  In  one  of  the 
large  typical  hydroelectric  installations  in 
Colorado,  the  power  costs  approximately 
S25  per  kilowatt-year,  with  an  installa- 
tion of  several   thousand  kilowatts. 

On  a  cost  basis  of  $50  per  killowatt- 
year  for  the  power,  the  cost  per  pound 


for  electrodeposition,  on  a  basis  of  1  lb. 
of  copper  per  kilowatt-hour,  would  be 
0.58c.,  and  for  S25  per  kilowatt-year  it 
would  be  0.289c.  It  is  reasonably  cer- 
tain, however,  that  even  these  costs  can 
be  cut  in  half  with  further  information  on 
the  process  as  to  the  best  working  con- 
ditions. In  this  connection  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  power  consumed 
also  regenerates  the  acid,  so  that  the  cost 
of  0.58c.  is  comparable  to  the  combined 
cost  of  acid  and  iron  consumed  in  the 
ordinary    sulphuric-acid    process. 

Regulation  of  Acidity 

The  electrolyzers  used  are  entirely  au- 
tomatic. No  diaphragms  are  employed, 
and  the  cells  require  no  further  care 
than  to  remove  the  granular  copper  at 
stated  intervals,  which  may  vary  from 
a  day  to  a  week,  or  even  more.  The  acid- 
ity of  the  solution  is  also  easily  reg- 
ulated. The  amount  of  acid  regenerated 
is  at  least  twice  that  combined  with  the 
copper.  Presumably  the  acid  consumed 
by  the  matrix  of  the  ore  is  a  constant 
factor.  That  is  to  say,  all  ore  contain- 
ing 1  per  cent,  copper  will  consume  about 
the  same  amount  of  acid  due  to  foreign 
substances,  such  as  lime,  as  ore  from  the 
same  mine  having  10  per  cent,  copper. 
A  10  per  cent,  ore,  containing  200  lb.  of 
copper,  will  regenerate  560  lb.  of  acid, 
while  a  1  per  cent,  ore,  containing  only 
20  lb.  of  copper,  will  regenerate  only  56 
lb.  of  acid.  It  is,  therefore,  easy  to  reg- 
ulate the  acidity  of  the  solution  by  reg- 
ulating the  quality  of  the  ore,  and  with- 
out   resorting    to    extraneous    material. 

It  was  clearly  established  in  the  tests 
in  electrodeposition  that  the  efficiency 
drops  quite  rapidly  as  the  solution  be- 
comes impoverished  in  copper,  and  if  it 
is  too  highly  acid.  In  some  of  the  tests 
the  solution  showed  less  than  1  per  cent, 
copper,  and  it  was  in  these  tests  that  the 
lowest   efficiencies   were   obtained. 

In  determining  the  energy  efficiency 
for  any  commercial  plant,  much  will  de- 
pend on  local  conditions,  especially  as 
to  the  cost  of  power.  If  the  power  is 
cheap,  it  would  be  wise  to  drive  the  elec- 
trolyzers at  a  high  current  density, 
whereas,  if  the  power  is  limited  or  ex- 
pensive, better  average  results  will  be 
obtained  at  the  lower  current  densities. 

In  the  description  here  given,  zinc  has 
been  considered  as  an  injurious  element. 
It  is  evident  that  the  possibilities  exist  in 
the  process  of  turning  the  zinc  into  pro- 
fitable account,  but  as  no  exhaustive 
work  has  been  done  along  this  line  of 
the  process,  nothing  is  at  present  claimed 
for  it. 

Cost  of  Plant 

The  approximate  cost  of  installation 
and  operation,  of  extracting  copper  by 
this  method,  from  data  obtained  at  the 
Denver  testing  and  experimental  plant, 
is  summarized  below.  The  figures  are 
based  on  a  treatment  of   100  tons  of  5 


1066 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


per  cent,  ore  per  day;  $50  power  cost 
per  kilowatt-year,  and  1  lb.  copper  de- 
posited per  kilowatt-hour. 

.APPROXIMATE  COST  OF  PLANT. 

Power  installation S  50,000 

Motor-Generator   set;    5000    amp.,    110 

volts 10,000 

Electrolytic    department,    eleclrolyzers, 

cables,  etc 25,000 

Leaching     department,     eight     100-ton 

vats,  pumps,  etc 10,000 

Crusliiiig   department,   crushing  to  6  or 

8  iiiesh 15,000 

Miscellaneous 10,000 

SI 20. 000 

If  the  ore  is  a  sulphide  and  has  to  be 
roasted,  $30,000  should  be  added  to  the 
cost  of  installation,  and  75c.  per  ton 
to  the  cost  of  treatment,  making  a  total 
cost  per  ton  of  ore  treated,  of  .$2.71,  and 
per  pound    of   copper   extracted,    2.71c. 

COST  OF  TREATMENT. 

Per  Ton 
of  Ore. 

Crushing,  8  mesh $0 .  20 

Leacliitig 0.15 

Electro-deposition     and     regeneration, 

not  including  power 0 .  25 

Power,  electro-deposition,  420  k.  w 0.  58 

Repairs,  renewals,  etc 0. 10 

Melting  and  casting  into  ingots 0.05 

Superintendence 0. 10 

Interest   on  investment,    120,000    at   6 

per  cent 0 .  20 

Amortization.  $120,000  at  10  per  cent..  0.33 

Total  cost,  per  ton  of  ore SI  .96 

Total  cost ,  per  pound  of  copper 

extracted 1.96c. 

These  costs  include  the  extraction  of  the 
silver  and  gold,  if  contained  in  the  ore, 
and  also  small  quantities  of  lead.  It  does 
not  include  general  expenses  of  adminis- 
tration away  from  the  reduction  works, 
since  such  expense  may  be  anything  that 
the  officers  of  the  company  choose  to 
make  it.  The  copper  produced  may  be 
sold  to  the  nearest  consumers,  without 
the  necessity  of  passing  it  through  an 
eastern  selling  agency,  or  eastern  re- 
fineries. 


oxides  of  nitrogen  present,  while  in  the 
gases  from  picric  acid,  trinitrotoluene 
and  carbonite,  small  quantities  of  hydro- 
cyanic acid  were  detected. 


Carbon   Monoxide   Poisoning  from 
Explosion    Products 


The  various  explosives  shown  in  the 
accompanying  table  were  tested  in  an  ex- 
plosion bomb,  and  analyses  made  of  the 
gaseous  products.  Analytical  results  as 
well  as  physiological  experiments  show 
that  carbon-monoxide  poisoning  can  be 
caused  by  any  of  these  explosives. 


OXIDES  OF  CARBON  PRODUCED  BY  KX- 

PLOSIVnS. 


Explosive. 

CO 
per  cent. 

CO, 
-)er  cent. 

Nitroceilulo.se  powder 

Gelatin  dynamite 

46.  K7 

34 .  00 

36.0 

61.05 

57.01 

23.74 

16.8 
32.68 
19  2 

Picric  acitl      

13  46 

1  93 

Ammonal 

G  00 

It  is  also  pointed  out  by  the  experi- 
menters, Lewin  and  Poppenberg  (Journ. 
Soci.  Chem.  Ind.,  Feb.  15,  1910),  that  in 
case   of  blown-out   shots   there   may   be 


The  McDonald  Copper  Mine, 
Quebec 


The  McDonald  Mine,  owned  by  the 
East  Canada  Smelting  Company,  Ltd., 
a  subsidiary  of  the  Precious  Metals  Cor- 
poration, of  49  Wall  street.  New  York, 
is  in  the  township  of  Weedon  in  the 
Piovince  of  Quebec,  about  4%  miles 
northeasterly   from  Weedon  station. 

The  eastern  portion  of  the  property 
comprising  most  of  its  area  is  granite. 
To  the  west  of  the  granite  is  a  broad 
band  of  schist  the  western  limit  of  which 
seems  to  be  just  west  of  the  range  road, 
where  outcrops  of  trap  rock  (still  show- 
ing a  schistose  structure)  are  found.  All 
of  this  band  of  schist  contains  pyrites. 
Near  the  western  property  line  and  about 
500  ft.  west  of  the  contact  between 
granite  and  schist,  is  a  marked  depres- 


XtM  Ensiiucinjj  ^  Jtiniiiff  JottmaV 


Section  of  McDonald  Orebody, 
Weedon,  Que. 

sion,  showing  on  surface  as  a  section  of 
a  lense,  about  500  ft.  in  length  and  about 
40  ft.  wide  at  the  middle.  At  about  the 
middle  of  this  lense  and  to  the  west  of  its 
long  axis  the  McDonald  shaft  has  been 
sunk,  passing  through  earth  and  gossan 
into  solid  copper-bearing  pyrites,  the 
copper  occurring  as  primary  chalcopyrite 
mixed  with  pyrites  and  in  a  streak  of 
high-grade  chalcopyrite,  and  also  a  sec- 
ondary bornite  mixed  with  the  pyrites. 
Southward  on  the  same  general  strike 
there  is  a  second  depression  less  marked 
and  wider,  terminating  in  swampy  ground. 
At  the  northern  end  of  this  swamp  sev- 
eral pits  have  been  dug  through  what 
appears  to  be  gossan.  No  pyrites  has 
yet  been  found  here  and  the  pits  have 
in  every  case  reached  only  schist.  The 
sketch  herewith  shows  the  geological 
conditions  and  the  orebody. 

Sulphide  Orebody  45   Ft.   Wide 

The   first  work  on  tlie  McDonald  mine 
was  started   about  a  year  ago,   at  which 


time  there  was  no  equipment  and  the 
only  work  was  a  20-ft.  prospect  shaft 
which  was  continued  following  the  dip 
to  100  ft.  where  the  orebody  was  cross- 
cut and  the  vein  was  found  to  be  45  ft. 
wide.  A  drift  was  then  driven  to  the 
north  on  the  same  level,  300  ft.,  the  face 
of  this  drift  now  showing  20  ft.  of  solid 
ore.  The  vein  was  crosscut  at  100  ft. 
north  of  the  shaft,  43  ft.  showing  the 
vein  at  that  point  to  be  a  little  more  than 
42  ft.  in  width.  A  crosscut  was  started  at 
180  ft.  north  of  the  shaft  or  80  ft.  north 
of  crosscut  No.  2,  and  run  in  9  ft.  Other 
crosscuts  have  been  proving  additional 
ore. 

Shipments  Begun  in  August 

From  the  ore  taken  out  during  the 
development  and  from  the  slopes  ship- 
ments were  begun  in  August,  1910,  to 
the  Nichols  Chemical  Company,  at  Capel- 
ton,  Quebec,  where  it  was  burned  for  the 
sulphur  and  the  cinder  shipped  to  the 
Nichols  Copper  Company,  Laurel  Hill, 
N.  Y.  The  shipment  of  1000  tons  in 
August  gave  results  of  5.82y2  per  cent, 
copper  and  41.76  sulphur,  while  the  ship- 
ment of  a  second  1000  tons  recently 
completed  shows  an  average  of  better 
than  5.85  per  cent,  copper  and  43  per 
cent,  sulphur.  The  company  intends  in- 
creasing its  capacity. 


Uses  of  Manganese 


Minerals  containing  manganese  are 
widespread,  but  few  are  available  for  use 
as  ores,  for  most  of  them  contain  only 
small  percentages  of  the  metal.  The  ox- 
ides psilomelane  and  pyrolusite  are  the 
principal  ores. 

Pyrolusite,  which  contains  about  60 
per  cent,  of  manganese,  was  used  by  the 
ancient  Egyptians  in  decoloring  glass — 
that  is,  in  making  it  clear  or  transparent — 
for  the  addition  of  this  mineral  to  glass 
sand  neutralizes  or  in  some  way  counter- 
acts the  effect  of  iron,  which  gives  to 
glass  green  or  other  undesired  colors. 
Pyrolusite,  according  to  a  press  bulletin 
of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  is  still 
used  for  this  purpose,  but  ores  or  alloys 
of  manganese  are  now  more  largely  used 
in  making  alloys  with  iron,  steel,  copper, 
aluminum,  and  other  metals,  in  making 
chlorine,  bromine,  and  oxygen,  and  as  a 
disinfectant,  as  well  as  in  galvanic  batter- 
ies and  in  bleaching,  dyeing  and  painting. 
Spiegeleisen,  so  called  from  its  brilliantly 
glittering  surface,  and  ferronianganese, 
both  alloys  of  iron  and  manganese,  are 
prepared  chiefly  for  use  in  metallurgy, 
especially  in  steel  making. 


The  Wallkill  siphon  tunnel  of  the 
Castkill  aqueduct,  a  part  of  the  new  wa- 
ter supply  system  for  Greater  New  York, 
was  driven  523  ft.  in  September,  1910, 
the  bore  being  a  full   17  ft.  in  diameter. 


November  26,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1067 


The  Use  of   Coal   Cutting   Machinery 

The  Advantages  and  Disadvantages  of  the    Adoption  of  Undercutting 
Machines    in    Mines.     Also    Notes    on    the   Operation     of     Conveyers 


B    Y 


R. 


H, 


ROWLAND 


The  production  of  coal  is  one  of  the 
tnost  important  industries  of  the  age,  and 
has  made  possible  the  wonderful  devel- 
opment of  the  nineteenth  century.  In 
point  of  value  it  exceeds  the  total  pro- 
duction of  all  other  minerals,  and  such 
an  industry,  which  has  overshadowed  all 
others,  is  one  to  which  the  best  thought 
must  be  given  and  the  biggest  skill  ap- 
plied; as  a  result,  our  leading  mining  en- 
gineers of  today  are  constantly  adopting 
new  features  or  devices  to  economize  the 
working  of  collieries,  while  paying  due 
regard  to  safety.  There  are  some  seams 
of  coal  so  thin  that  to  work  them  to 
advantage  and  profit  greatly  taxes  the 
brains  of  the  management  and  the  work- 
ing of  which  sometimes  ends  in   failure. 

The  use  of  machines  for  mining  bitum- 
inous coal  in  the  United  States  has  more 
than  kept  pace  with  the  remarkable 
growth  of  the  industry  itself.  Modifica- 
tions and  improvements  were  made  from 
year  to  year  as  demand  for  machines  in- 
creased, and  new  conditions  in  mining 
developed. 

Large  Increase  in  Number  of  Mining 
Machines  Used 

The  statistics  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey  emphasize  in  a  strik- 
ing manner  that  a  new  era  in  the  his- 
tory of  coal  mining  is  here,  the  number 
of  mining  machines  in  operation  being 
545  in  the  year  1891  in  this  country, 
while  in  the  year  of  i904  this  number 
had  increased  to  7797,  and  the  quantity 
of  machines  employed  at  the  present  time 
is  considerably  in  excess  of  this  figure. 
The  proportion  of  the  whole  tonnage 
mined  which  is  strictly  machine  coal,  in- 
cerased  from  ().66  per  cent,  in  1891  to 
29.27  per  cent,  in  1904.  Also  while  the 
production  of  coal  increased,  the  propor- 
tion of  machine-mined  coal  continued  to 
gain  still  faster.  It  is,  therefore,  appar- 
ent that  under  certain  conditions,  the 
adoption  of  coal-cutting  machinery  is  ad- 
vantageous, as  the  American  does  not 
keep  a  machine  at  work  that  is  not  earn- 
ing money,  nor  after  another  machine 
has  appeared  that  will  earn  more. 

There  are  many  conditions,  however, 
to  be  considered  governing  coal-cutting 
machinery  before  adopting  it,  and  there 
are  also  examples  in  my  own  experience 
where,  after  numerous  experiments  and 
exhaustive  tests  have  been  made  by  dif- 
ferent experts,  mining  coal  by  machinery 
has  proved  a  failure,  and  it  is  my  inten- 

•Mlnini.'  (Mi2lnoi>r.  11  WrsI  One  Ilnndrpd 
and  •r«iMil.v-iilnlli  strivt.  New  York. 


tion  to  show  under  what  conditions  coal- 
cutting  machines  can  be  successfully 
adopted,  and  where  they  should  be  avoid- 
ed. 

Mining  Machines    Not    So    Generally 
Employed  in  Europe 

Coal-cutting  machines  have  been  em- 
ployed to  a  much  larger  extent  in  this 
country  than  in  foreign  countries,  which 
can  be  accounted  for  in  the  fact  that, 
comparatively    speaking,    this    is    a    new 


Roof 


;  Snatch  Block.  Coal  Seam 

i_Ropea  to  Machine. 


Floor 


Shale  Band., 


^^ 


Tilt  Engineerin-j  ^  Itiininij  Jqu: 

Fig.  1.  Screw  Jack  Used  as  Anchor 
FOR  Rope 

mining  country,  and  it  has  not  yet  been 
found  necessary  to  develop  thin  seams, 
which  present  any  difficulty  or  increased 
ccst  in  getting.  If  we  seriously  consider, 
however,  the  increase  in  production  of 
coal  in  this  country,  from  93  million  tons 
in  1891  to  450  million  tons  in  1909,  it 
is  obvious  that  the  time  is  coming  when 
it  will  become  necessary  to  work  thin- 
ner seams  at  greater  depths  in  order  to 
maintain  our  output. 

The  principal  reasons  given  by  the  ad- 
vocates of  coal  cutters,  for  mining  by  ma- 
chinery instead  of  by  hand,  are  many, 
and  are  often  complicated  by  local  con- 
ditions. In  general,  they  include  the  fol- 
lowing: The  actual  cost  of  mining  is 
lower;  the  industry  is  attended  with  less 
danger,  and  working  conditions  are  im- 
proved; the  quality  of  the  product  is  su- 
perior: the  mine  may  be  more  readily  de- 
veloped, and  the  production  thus  in- 
creased; and  finally,  the  application  of 
power  to  otiier  purposes  in  the  mine, 
pumps,  ventilation,  rock  drills,  etc. 

With  regard  to  the  attitude  of  labor 
and  its  organizations  toward  machine 
niining,  it  is  claimed  that  while  mining 
by  machinery  reduces  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction and  increases  the  output,  it  is 
not  that  the  operator  wishes  to  reduce 
the  number  of  men  employed,  but  to  make 
the  work  of  each  man  employed  more 
effective  by  the  aid  of  labor-saving  ma- 
chinery. It  is  also  claimed  from  the 
workmens'  point  of  view  that  instead  of 
reducing  wages  it  materially  increases 
them,  that  instead  of  making  the  work 
harder  it  eliminates  the  most  laborious 
and  dangerous  part,  and  finally  that  the 


mining  machine  does  not  prove  itself  a 
supplanter  of  labor,  inasmuch  as  there 
is  a  dearth  instead  of  a  surplus  of  min- 
ers in  the   country. 

Mining  Machines  Produce  More  Ton- 
nage from  a  Smaller  Area 

It  is  contended  by  many  authorities 
that  mining  machines  will  produce  a  giv- 
en tonnage  from  a  smaller  mine  area, 
than  when  pick  work  is  in  vogue,  that 
the  rooms  and  narrow  places  are  cut 
more  quickly,  shot  more  easily,  and  load- 
ed out  more  rapidly,  in  order  to  provide 
fresh  working  places  for  the  machines. 
Therefore,  a  small  number  of  rooms  will 
maintain  a  given  output,  and  the  expense 
for  ventilation,  drainage  and  support  of 
roof  will  be  proportionately  decreased. 
In  my  opinion,  however,  coal  cutting  is 
economical  only  when  properly  attend- 
ed to,  and  when  the  conditions  of  the 
mine  are  favorable.  The  machine  which 
is  employed  for  holing  should  do  the 
work  of  a  large  number  of  men,  and  it 
should  do  it  in  less  time  and  at  less  cost, 
and  with  the  production  of  less  small 
coal.  Where  the  production  of  small  coal 
is  of  no  account,  as,  for  instance,  where 
all  the  coal  is  used  for  coking  purposes, 
the  coal-cutting  machine  is  robbed  of 
one  of  its  advantages  over  the  working 
collier. 


Coal  Face        I' 


io°  I  I   rl 


o     o      o 


Cutter  Body. 

Spragg-er 


Plan  of  I  Sprag  on  Cutter. 

End  of  Machine. 


27i<t  Eng'\n' 


■'"1/  i|  Mmxng  Journal 

Fig.  2.    Showing  Sprag  Fastened  on 

Cutter 

Another  grave  difficulty  has  been  the 
nature  of  the  roof  and  floor  of  the  mine, 
over  which  the  machine  has  to  work.  It 
is  difficult  to  run  a  machine  when  the 
roof  is  coming  down,  and  burying  it  at 
frequent  intervals,  and  the  time  occupied 
in  clearing  the  machine  and  giving  it 
a  fresh  start,  swallows  all  the  profit  that 
would  accrue  from  the  machine.  The 
matter  of  roof  can,  in  a  good  many  in- 
stances, be  overcome  by  careful  and  sys- 
tematic timbering,  but  where  the  roof  is 
of  a  very  friable  nature,  it  presents  a 
difficult  mechanical  problem  to  support 
it  until  the  machine  has  passed,  and  the 
coal  filled  out,  and  has  also  proved  in 
many  instances  to  be  a  costly  one.  An- 
other consideration  which  has  and  will 
interfere  with    the    use    of    coal-cutting 


1068 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


machinery  in  certain  districts,  is  tlie 
great  prevalence  of  faults,  rolls  and  in- 
terruptions; and  in  order  to  overcome 
this  the  machines  employed  must  be 
portable. 

One  Test  That   Failed 

One  test  in  my  experience  of  an  at- 
tempt to  make  coal  cutting  a  success, 
was  carried  out  in  a  coal  seam  worked 
on  the  longwall  method;  and  although 
it  proved  a  failure,  the  failure  could  not 
be  attributed  in  any  way  to  the  fault  of 
the  machine,  the  whole  difficulty  being  in 
the  softness  of  the  coal,  and  the  inability 
to  get  a  sufficient  number  of  feet  cut 
per  shift.  The  object  primarily  was  lo 
ascertain  as  far  as  possible  whether  coal 
cutting  could  be  made  profitable  in  a 
seam  where  the  coal  was  unusually  soft. 

It  was  calculated  that  for  the  cutter 
to  prove  itself  a  success  it  would  have 
to  cut  180  to  250  ft.  per  shift  on  an  aver- 
age, and  a  360- ft.  cut  would  be  equal  to 
30  men's  work.  The  seam  varied  in 
hight  from  18  in.  to  36  in.  of  clean  coal, 
except  for  a  small  band  of  shale  near 
the  floor.  The  coal  was  so  soft  that  it  re- 
quired no  shooting  when  the  cutter  trav- 
eled along  the  face. 

The  machine  was  cutting  in  a  line  with 
the  cleat  of  the  coal;  in  other  words, 
the  face  was  advancing  in  a  bordways  di- 
rection. The  roof  consisted  of  hard  post 
rock,  and  in  this  respect  could  not  be 
more  favorable  for  coal  cutting,  as  it 
is  hard,  level,  and  does  not  require  a 
lot  of  timber  at  the  face.  The  floor  con- 
sisted of  seggar  clay,  which  afforded  an 
excellent  bottom  for  the  machine  to  slide 
upon,  inasmuch  as  it  was  not  designed 
to  run  on  rails,  which  latter  fact  proved 
itself  an  advantage.  A  deal  of  time  was 
wasted  by  coal  falling  on  the  machine 
and  blocking  it  with  small  coal.  After 
a  few  days'  trial,  however,  the  machine 
seemed  to.  cut  out  the  fallen  coal  very 
well  and  with  comparative  ease,  and  a 
small  current  was  consumed  'n  compari- 
son with  the  work  performed.  Two  men 
only  were  required  to  operate  it,  and 
one  man  was  also  required  to  shovel 
the  kirvings  into  the  gob  and  set  timber 
behind  the  machine,  in  order  to  make 
room  for  the  fillers  of  coal,  and  to  insure 
clean  coal.  The  cable  for  use  on  the 
face  was  rolled  on  and  off  a  drum  kept 
in  a  convenient  place  near  the  switchbox. 

A  Satisfactory   Method  of  Cutting 

In  this  method'  of  cutting,  screw  jacks 
were  found  to  be  necessary  in  order  to 
keep  the  machine  up  to  its  work;  they 
were  easily  set  and  taken  down.  The 
anchor  for  the  rope  was  also  a  large 
screw  jack,  and  was  set  in  the  roof,  as 
shown  in  Fig.  1.  On  the  jack  it  will  be 
seen  that  a  snatch  block  is  fastened. 
The  rope  from  the  cutter  drum  goes 
around  this  block  and  returns  to  the 
back  end  of  the  machine,  near  to  the 
coal  face  and  the  cutting  arm.    When  the 


machine  was  made  ready  it  was  started, 
and  after  cutting  for  three  or  four  ft., 
began  to  climb  out.  Eventually,  after 
many  attempts,  the  machine  was  got  back 
to  its  work,  and  still  great  difficulty  was 
experienced.  A  sprag  or  plough  was  then 
suggested  and  fastened  on  to  the  rear 
end  of  the  machine  and  this  kept  the 
latter  up  to  its  work  well,  in  comparison. 
The  sprag  was  fastened  on  the  cutter,  as 
shown  in  Fig.  2. 

After  some  weeks  at  cutting  in  this 
manner,  it  was  found  that  there  was 
something  more  than  the  mere  cutting 
of  the  machine,  which  forced  it  from 
the  face.  It  was  then  considered  that 
some  sort  of  fender  placed  upon  the 
front  end  of  the  machine,  near  to  the 
coal  face,  would  help  matters,  and  when 
this  was  done,  things  worked  much  bet- 


Coal 


Entry 


Rails 


TIte  Engivtering  $  fining  Journal 

Fir,.  3.    Room-and-pillar  Mining   with 
Chain  Machine 

ter.  The  angle  at  which  the  rope  was 
led  along  the  face  was  altered,  and  this 
made  an  improvement.  About  60  to  90 
ft.  per  shift,  however,  was  all  that  could 
be  gotten  out  of  the  machine,  and  on  ac- 
count of  the  coal  falling  and  clogging 
the  arm,  coal  cutting  was  stopped.  The 
same  machine  was  then  tried  in  the  same 
seam  at  another  colliery  not  far  distant 
with  no  better  results. 

The  result  of  these  few  "-eeks  of  ex- 
periment with  the  machine  proved  that  it 
was  altogether  unsuited  to  the  particular 
seam,  and  that  what  could  be  done  was 
not  sufficiently  satisfactory  to  enable  the 
cost  of  getting  to  be  lowered  by  machine 
cutting.  The  chief  reason  may  be  taken 
to  be  the  nature  of  the  coal.  There  was, 
however,  one  disadvantage  to  the  ma- 
chine on  the  face,  and  that  was  that  the 
face  was  advancing  in  a  bordways  direc- 


tion, and  consequently  the  coal  fell  more 
easily  on  the  machine  than  it  would  if  the 
face  had  been  advancing  in  a  headways 
direction. 

Working  on  the  Longwall  Plan 

Now  let  us  consider  the  conditions  of 
a  mine  operated  on  the  longwall  system 
of  working,  favorable  for  coal  cutting. 
In  my  opinion,  the  seam  should  not  be 
thicker  than  five  or  six  feet,  while  it  may 
be  as  thin  as  18  in.  For  example,  we 
will  take  a  seam  4  ft.  in  thickness,  having 
9  in.  of  dirt  under  it  suitable  for  holing 
in,  and  assume  a  good  shale  roof.  It 
first  becomes  necessary  to  prepare  the 
coal  face  for  the  machine;  that  is,  get 
the  face  in  a  long  straight  line,  with  gate- 
ways up  to  it  at  intervals  of  90  ft.,  so 
that  the  coal  can  be  readily  gotten  out, 
each  gate  having  45  ft.  on  each  side  to 
get  out,  and  being  worked  by  four  men, 
two  colliers  and  two  loaders.  The  length 
of  the  coal  face  should  not  be  less  than 
350  to  400  ft.,  as  this  can  be  cut  in  one 
night,  and  the  gateways  are  set  out  so 
that  the  men  can  draw  the  coal  out  on 
the  following  day.  There  is  one  import- 
ant thing  to  be  attended  to  in  this  long, 
straight  face,  and  that  is  the  packing  or 
stowing  of  the  mine.  If  this  is  neglected 
there  is  a  liability  of  getting  a  fall  of 
roof  on  the  face,  stopping  the  machine 
from  cutting,  and  consequently  causing 
a  deficiency  in  the  output.  If,  however, 
this  matter  is  attended  to  in  a  proper 
manner,  and  also  all  the  back  timber 
drawn  out,  with  the  exception  of  the 
necessary  rows  of  props  for  insuring  the 
safety  of  the  men,  and  complying  with 
the  mining  laws,  good  results  can  be 
obtained  by   coal   cutting  with  machines. 

Machines  Economical  in  Thin  Seams 

Regarding  the  use  of  machines  in  thin 
seams,  it  is  not  to' much  to  say  that  many 
seams  of  18  in.  and  up  to  30  in.  are  able 
to  be  worked  profitably  only  because  of 
the  existence  of  the  coal-cutting  ma- 
chine. There  is  a  record  in  my  exper- 
ience where  75c.  per  ton  was  saved  in 
cutting,  and  50c.  per  ton  increased  value 
obtained  on  the  product.  There  is  an- 
other instance  where  an  18-in.  seam  was 
being  cut  with  a  bar  machine  which 
would  have  been  impossible  with  hand 
holing. 

There  is  a  longwall  machine  in  use, 
virtually  a  chain  breast  machine,  with 
the  chain  that  carries  the  cutting  tools 
arranged  to  run  at  right  angles  to  the 
frame  of  the  machine  instead  of  parallel 
as  in  the  chain  breast  machine.  The 
mines  in  which  these  machines  are  at 
work  have  also  adopted  the  room-and- 
pillar  method  to  the  machine.  It  is  room- 
and-pillar  working,  but  the  rooms  are 
made  60  ft.  wide  and  the  pillars  between 
the  rooms  vary  from  20  to  30  ft.,  and  the 
machines  run  across  the  face,  to  and  fro. 

Fig.  3  shows  room-and-pillar  mining 
v;ith   a   chain   machine,   which    feeds  it- 


November  26,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1069 


self  across  the  face  as  shown,  and  is  a 
decided  improvement  over  the  old  type 
of  breast  machines,  which  required  from 
5  to  10  min.  to  cut,  back  out  the  machine, 
move  and  set  jacks  ready  for  the  next 
cut,  making  the  progress  across  the  face 
average  from  4  to  8  in.  per  minute. 

Determining  between   the  Chain  and 
THE  Pick   Machine 

The  various  classes  of  coal  cutters  are 
operated  either  by  electricity  or  com- 
pressed air,  and  while  machines  of  almost 
every  conceivable  type  have  been  manu- 
factured, the  two  most  commonly  used 
are  the  chain  machine  and  the  pick  ma- 
chine. In  selecting  a  machine  to  operate 
successfully  it  is  of  the  greatest  import- 
ance that  the  conditions  under  which  it 
has  to  work  should  be  carefully  consid- 
ered. 

The  makers  and  advocates  of  the  elec- 
tric machine  claim  that  its  superiority 
over    the    compressed-air    machine    con- 


tricity;  suffice  it  to  say  that  compressed 
air,  like  electricity,  has  seen  the  time  when, 
not  being  understood,  it  has  been  ap- 
plied wastefuUy,  and  that  correctly  used, 
it  is  inherently  economical,  being  prac- 
tically a  perfect  gas.  Important  develop- 
ments are  continually  being  made,  and 
the  future  promises  much  in  the  advance- 
ment of  compressed-air  appliances. 

Conveyers  in  Coal  Mines 

The  use  of  conveyers  in  coal  mines 
appears  to  be  of  great  advantage  gen- 
erally, for  when  the  seam  is  suitable,  the 
cost  is  considerably  reduced,  a  large 
amount  of  stonework  is  done  away  with, 
the  coal  is  made  a  little  softer  by  extra 
weight  under  certain  conditions,  less  tim- 
ber is  required,  first  cost  is  comparative- 
ly small,  together  with  low  cost  of  up- 
keep, small  outlay  and  easy  manipula- 
tion, and  finally  their  simplicity. 

Fig.  4  shows  relative  positions  of  two 
faces  opened  out,  each   150  ft.  in  length. 


ma 


/ 


fiSi 


m 


Coal 


5  Coal 


Coal 


"  Coal  7  Face  T 


Coal 


Face 


o  5   I   /       ^  uoal   I  ii'ace  i    ^-  /    / 

i'    I.aDao'aoDDaa    oao    a    a  r-rc:'iis>i 
-onaaoooBO  jjni     R?*^,  J^ 


=13= 


Gob 


■i 

■a-^,-! 


□  aaaaa^ao  O'  — *t 


mmB'      Gob 


aa  a    as    o  a  i 


Coal 


;y 


Gob 


ana  Soft-wood  Choeke. 

.< Direction  of  Air. 

Tht  Kngincarinn  i  iRning  Jourt 


Fig.  4.    Shows  Relative  Positions  of  Two  150- ft.  Faces  Opened  Out 


sists  in  the  following:  That  it  cuts  more 
rapidly;  makes  less  slack;  is  easier  on 
the  runner,  and  that  the  cutting  is  cheap- 
er. Many  engineers  advocate  the  use  of 
electricity  as  the  motive  power,  owing  to 
the  fact  that  it  is  the  most  economical 
motive  power  for  long  distances.  The 
selection  of  a  coal  cutter,  however,  is 
somewhat  dependent  upon  the  plant  al- 
ready existing  at  the  particular  mine,  in- 
asmuch as  it  is  desirable  to  apply  that 
power  for  other  purposes,  such  as  pumps, 
ventilation,  rock  drills,  etc.  NJChile  this  is 
a  consideration  in  mines  fully  developed, 
it  will  also  have  a  peculiar  interest  in 
the  opening  out  of  new  mines,  especially 
having  regard  to  the  centralization  of  the 
power  transmission  for  a  group  of 
mines. 

It  is  not  my  intention,  however,  to  em- 
I  brace  the  respective  advantages  and  dis- 
I advantages  of  the  use  of  air  and  elec- 


the  one  face  advancing  in  front  of  the 
other,  where  a  separate  conveyer  was 
employed  for  each  150  ft.  The  two  faces 
are  advancing  in  a  westerly  direction, 
the  right-hand  face  being  the  north  face 
shown  in  the  illustration.  The  canch  in 
this  seam  which  is  taken  up  from  the 
bottom  is  about  4  ft.  thick,  the  seam  of 
coal  being  about  3  ft.  in  thickness.  The 
conveyer  face  between  packs  was  sup- 
ported by  soft-wood  chocks  at  intervals 
of  8  ft.  all  down  the  face,  and  in  a  line 
near  the  conveyer  rails.  The  faces 
seemed  to  stand  well,  the  roof  bending 
well  into  the  gob  as  the  chocks  were 
drawn. 

The  packs  were  from  18  to  24  ft.  in 
width.  The  rate  of  travel  forward  was 
about  3  ft.  9  in.  per  day.  The  operation 
of  moving  up  the  conveyers  and  tim- 
bering the  face  occupied  about  three 
hours,  and  required  three  men  to  manage 


the  whole  of  it.  The  coal  is  all  hewn  and 
filled  by  hand,  no  coal  cutters  or  any  oth- 
er machinery,  except  the  conveyer,  being 
ip  use.  Ten  hewers  per  shift  on  the 
300  ft.  of  face  were  employed,  or  20  hew- 
ers per  day  for  a  period  of  5'i  hours 
each  on  the  entire  face.  Over  900  tons 
of  coal  were  produced  on  the  300-ft.  face 
for  two  weeks  by  this  means,  which  I 
think  may  be  considered  as  exceptionally 
good  work,  inasmuch  as  the  seam  is  of 
a  comparatively  hard  nature.  The  differ- 
ence of  these  two  faces  is  marked,  inas- 
much as  their  coal-producing  qualities 
are  different,  the  back  face  producing 
more  coal  on  account  of  the  extra  weight 
of  the  strata,  and  also  on  account  of  hav- 
ing two  loose  ends. 

Another  Arrangement  for  a  Conveyer 
At  another  colliery  where  mechanical 
coal  conveying  was  adopted,  the  convey- 
er was  placed  at  the  left-hand  face,  and 
the  coal  delivered  to  the  main  gateway, 
which  was  kept  some  yards  in  advance 
of  the  face  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining 
siding  room.  This  main  gate  was  made 
6  ft.  in  clear  hight,  by  taking  up  about 
3  ft.  of  bottom  canch  (the  seam  being 
about  3  ft.  in  thickness),  and  was  driven 

Coal 


o 

o 

o 

O  Props      Q 
5 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

O 

o 

o 

jConvey^, 

1    ^ 

o 

O 

"     o 

^       o 

''     o 

o 

Tha  Enginetrinff  ^  Mining  Jaumai 

Fig.  5.    Original  System  of  Timbering 

wide  enough  for  two  roads,  one  for  full 
and  the  other  for  empty  cars.  On  the 
right-hand  side,  the  coal  was  left  solid, 
the  idea  being  to  bring  it  back  by  means 
of  the  same  gateway,  with  the  conveyer, 
after  the  face  had  gone  up  a  certain  dis- 
tance. This  face  was  about  275  ft.  in 
length,  and  on  the  far  side  a  gateway 
was  kept  up  as  an  air  road,  and  for  a 
second  traveling  way.  The  timber  was 
sent  along  this  gateway  and  put  on  the 
conveyer,  so  that  it  could  be  taken  off 
at  any  desired  part  of  the  face,  and  this 
saved  the  necessity  of  dragging  it  along 
by  hand.  The  coal  is  soft,  and  in  this 
case  also  was  gotten  by  hand  hewing. 

The  conveyer  was  moved  up  as  often 
as  required,  generally  every  night,  but 
this,  of  course,  was  dependent  on  the 
advance  of  the  face  during  the  shift.  It 
was  undesirable  that  the  face  be  allowed 
to  get  more  than  about  7  ft.  away  from 
the  conveyer,  as  in  that  case  casting  be- 
comes more  difficult. 

The  original  system  of  timbering  was 
to  have  two  rows  of  props  and  planks  at 
right  angles  to  the  face;  the  plank  ends 
overlapped  in  the  middle  for  a  few 
inches,  as  shown  in  Fig.  5. 


1070 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


When  moving  the  conveyer  up  after 
the  day's  work  the  middle  props  had  to 
be  Icnocked  out  to  enable  the  conveyer 
to  come  up  to  its  new  position.  The  roof 
consisted  of  a  strong  sandstone,  and  un- 
der ordinary  conditions  is  an  ideal  one, 
but  knocking  this  timber  out  on  such  a 
long  face  caused  the  roof  to  "weight" 
and  bend  down  toward  the  gob,  the  con- 
sequence being  that  one  day  part  of  the 
the  face  was  almost  completely  closed, 
the    roof   bending    down    on    the   troughs 


and  holding  them  tight  for  a  distance  of 
over  100  ft.  This  necessitated  a  deal  of 
work  to  release  the  conveyer,  and  the 
hewers  had  to  skirt  along  the  fallen  part 
in  the  coal,  with  a  headway  lift,  and 
a  new  face  was  by  this  means  opened 
out.  After  this  experience  it  was  decid- 
ed to  adopt  a  different  direction  of  face 
and  method  of  timbering.  The  new  face 
was  set  away  at  about  10  deg.  to  the 
cleavage,  and  was  reduced  to  about  150 
ft.  in  length,  which  was  afterward  grad- 


ually increased  to  250  ft.  Hard-wood 
chocks  were  set  next  to  the  gob  at  a 
distance  of  6  ft.  apart,  and  the  planks 
dispensed  with,  only  props  and  lids  being 
used,  no  trouble  afterward  being  exper- 
ienced with  the  roof. 

Inasmuch  as  conveyers  have  been  used 
to  advantage  in  the  cases  above  cited, 
it  would  appear  to  me  that  if  adopted' in 
conjunction  with  reliable  coal  cutters, 
they  should  be  a  great  improvement  on 
the  old  method. 


Coal    Mining    Statistics    of   Great    Britain 


SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  coal-mining  statistics  for  Great 
Britain  during  the  last  10  years  indicate 
almost  continuous  increases  in  the  num- 
ber of  persons  employed  and  the  total 
amount  of  mineral  raised.  Upon  these 
two  counts  the  situation  may  be  regard- 
ed as  healthy,  but  the  death  rates  and 
individual  efficiency  of  the  collier>'  worK- 
ers  are  less  convincing.  The  tendency 
seems  to  be  for  the  death  rate — whether 
viewed  in  proportion  to  the  number  of 
persons  employed  at  the  mines  or  the 
amount  of  coal  raised  per  fatality — to 
become  heavier,  while  on  the  other  hand 
the  production  of  the  miner  is  declin- 
ing. 

An  Increase  in  the  Death  Rate 

Comparing  the  figures  for  last  year 
with  those  for  1900  and  making  the  nec- 
essary calculations  on  the  percentage 
basis,  the  following  points  may  be  estab- 
lished: 

(1)  There  has  been  an  increase  of 
233,946  in  the  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed, equivalent  to  29.9  per  cent,  in- 
crease. 

(2)  There  were  38,588,399  tons  more 
coal  raised,  equivalent  to  17.1  per  cent, 
increase. 

(3)  There  were  441  more  deaths,  work. 
ing   out   43.5   per   cent,    increase. 

(4)  The  death  rate  increase  per 
thousand  persons  engaged  approximates 
11.8  per  cent. 

(5)  The  death  rate  per  million  tons  of 
coal  raised  is  equal  to  an  increase  of 
22.7  per  cent. 

(6)  The  output  per  individual  worker 
has  been  lowered  by  28.5  tons,  repre- 
senting  a   percentage   decline   of  9.9. 

(7)  For  each  fatality  40,973  fewer 
tons  of  coal  were  raised,  working  out 
to  a  decline  of   18.5  per  cent. 

Capacity  of  Individual  Miner  Reduced 

In  this  way  the  labor  and  product  at 
British  coal  mines  may  be  estimated  in 
relation  to  the  fatalities,  and  in  the  re- 
sult the  authorities  cannot  find  much  ma- 
terial   for   gratification.      Undoubtedly     a 


record  was  established  last  year  in  em- 
ployment being  found  for  1,013,998 
workers,  this  being  the  first  occasion 
upon  which  the  million  mark  has  been 
exceeded,  but  though  73,380  more  per- 
sons were  engaged  than  in  1907,  the 
coal  product  was  less  by  4,050,290  tons. 


TABLE  SHOWING   LABOR  AND 
PRODUCTION. 


Coal 

Output 

Persons 

Production 

per  Person 

Year. 

Employed. 

in  Tons. 

in  Tons. 

1900 

780.052 

225,170,163 

288.6 

1901 

806,735 

219.l«7.24n 

271.5 

1902 

824,791 

L'L'7JI'^I,^.    I 

275.3 

1903 

842,066 

L'.;n„;_'l._';i,-. 

273.5 

1904 

947, ."i53 

2o2, 111.784 

274.2 

190.'> 

S.",s,:)73 

236,111,150 

275.0 

1<.")6 

SS2.:',45 

251,050,809 

284.5 

1907 

940,618 

267,812,852 

284.7 

IHOS 

987,813 

261,512,214 

264.7 

1909 

1,013,998 

263.758.562 

260.1 

a  simple  calculation  showing  that  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  individual  worker  was  re- 
duced by  24.6  tons.  The  total  number 
of  deaths  in  1909  at  the  mines  under  the 
Coal  Mines  Act  is  returned  at  1453,  an 
aggregate  that  exceeds  the  record  for  any 
year  embodied  in  the  Government  Blue 
books.  Indeed  the  returns  for  37  years 
show  but  one  year,  namely,  1878,  during 
which  this  figure  is  even  approximated, 
and  then  the  deaths  numbered  1413.  In 
1880  the  aggregate  was  1318  and  in  1908 
it  was  1308. 

Then  again,  whereas  the  death  rate  per 
thousand  workers  was  1.44  in  1900,  it 
rose  to  1.61  last  year,  and  continuing  the 
comparison  it  will  be  found  that  there 
were  4.49  deaths  per  million  tons  of  coal 
raised  in  the  former  year  as  against  5.51 
in  1909.  Perhaps  the  comparison  will  be 
simplified  by  basing  it  upon  the  output 
per  death,  which  is  the  custom  in  many 
of  the  States  of  America.  When  this  is 
done  the  position  may  be  reduced  to  the 
simple  statement  that  in  Great  Britain  in 
1900  there  were  222,500  tons  of  coal 
raised  for  each  death  by  accident  as  com- 
pared with  181.527  tons  in  1909.  Added 
to  this  the  output  per  individual  worker 


was  288.6  tons  in  the  former  and  260.1 
tons  in  the  latter  year. 

To  enable  the  reader  to  comprehend 
the  course  of  events,  tables  may  be  pre- 
pared affording  a  10-year  comparison  of 
the  statistics.  The  first  table  relates  to 
the  position  affecting  labor  and  coal 
product,  as  follows: 

Labor   Overcrowded  in   Mines 

In  some  measure  the  falling  off  in  the 
product  per  person  may  be  explained 
by  the  phenomenal  increases  in  the  num- 
ber of  persons  engaged  causing  over- 
crowding in  the  mines,  while,  of  course, 
the  new  labor  cannot  be  quite  so  effective 
as  the  old  hands,  and  it  must  also  be 
borne  in  mind  that  some  of  the  mines 
have  been  long  in  operation,  resulting  in 
the  coal  face  being  a  greater  distance 
from  the  shafts,  involving  longer  jour- 
neys below  ground  for  the  men  and  also 
for  the  coal  that  is  raised. 

The  second  table  prepared  shows  the 
death  rates  from  accidents,  together  with 
the  amount  of  coal  mined  per  death  dur- 
ing the  period  of  10  years: 


DEATH  RATES 

FROM  ACCIDENT.-;. 

Death 

Rate  per 

Death 

MUlion 

Rate  per 

Tons  of 

Tbns  of 

Thousand 

Coal 

Coal  Got  per 

Year. 

Workers. 

Raised. 

Death. 

1900 

1.30 

4.49 

222.500 

190! 

1.36 

5.02 

198,944 

1902 

1.24 

4.51 

221,762 

190:i 

1.27 

4.65 

214,855 

1904 

1.24 

4.54 

220,295 

1905 

1.35 

4.91 

203,719 

1906 

1.29 

4.55 

219,834 

1907 

1.32 

4.65 

215,110 

1908 

1.32 

5.00 

199,933 

1909 

1 .  43 

5.51 

181,527 

The  Home  office  in  its  Blue  books  now 
includes  tables  of  nonfatal  accidents  dis- 
abling for  more  than  seven  days,  com- 
piled from  the  returns  which  owners  are 
required  to  make  under  Section  1  of  the 
Notice  of  Accidents  Act,  1906.  Such 
tables  may  now  be  compared  for  two 
years,  namely,  1908  and  1909.  In  pre- 
vious reports  it  was  regularly  pointed  out 


November  26,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1071 


that   the   number   of   nonfatal    accidents 
reported  to  the  mines  inspectors  was  no 

i!  guide  to  the  number  of  nonfatal  acci- 
dents which  actually  occurred,  and  had 
no  statistical  value,  as  the  standard  of 
severity  which  governed  the  notification 
of  accidents  allowed  considerable  latitude 
in  its  interpretation.  Now  that  the  seven 
days'  disablement  is  the  basis  upon 
which  such  minor  accidents  are  reported, 
the  figures  are  more  reliable  for  statis- 
tical purposes.  Taken  in  the  aggregate 
or  regarded  as  a  proportion,  they  are 
somewhat  startling.  Great  Britain  is 
often  set  up  as  a  pattern  for  other  na- 
tions, the  claim  being  that  the  inspection 
of  mines  is  superior  while  the  colliers 
are  assured  greater  immunity  from  acci- 
dents than  the  rank  and  file  in  other 
countries.  Should  there  be  any  justifi- 
cation for  such  a  claim  it  would  be  il- 
luminating to  have  recorded  the  number 
of   nonfatal    accidents    occurring    in    the 

<  other  great  coal-producing  countries. 
That  one-seventh  of  the  working  mining 
population  should  be  the  victims  of  acci- 
dents disabling  for  more  than  one  week 
in  every  year  is  appalling,  and  the  table 
covering  the  period  of  1908-1909  will  be 
Df  more  than  usual  interest.  The  figures 
given  are  official  and  therefore  uncontro- 
I'ertible : 


PERSON.S  niSABT.En  FOR  ONE  WEEK. 


Year. 


1908 
1909 


Per.son.*! 
Employed. 


987,813 
1,013,998 


Persons 

Disabled  for 

more  than 

.Steven  Da.vs. 


141..S51 
1.53.306 


Percentage 

of  Workers 

Disabled. 


14  36 
15.11 


Adding  together  the  disablements  and 
;eaths  from  accident  provides  a  total  of 
54,759,  and  as  the  coal  product  was 
:63,758,562  tons  in  1909,  it  is  clear  upon 
laking  a  simple  calculation  that  for  each 
■arson  killed  or  injured  not  more  than 
704 J^;  tons  of  coal  are  produced. 

Classification   of  Accidents 

The  accidents  may  be  classified  under 
arious  headings.  As  Joseph  S.  Martin, 
x-mine  inspector,  says,  there  are  pure 
ccldents,  where  no  blame  is  attributable 
)  the  deceased  or  those  above  him;  ac- 
idents  through  errors  in  judgment  on 
le  man's  own  part,  and  which  might 
ave  been  avoided,  but  in  which  no 
lame  could  be  attributed  to  any  of  the 
artles  concerned;  accidents  through  er- 
3rs  of  judcment  of  others;  accidents 
irough  incurring  temporary  risk,  such 
5  delaying  timber  setting;  accidents  due 
'  pure  neglect  and  recklessness  in  re- 
ard  to  securing  places;  accidents  due 
>  recklessness  in  other  ways;  and  acci- 

nts  due  to  neglect  or  carelessness  on 
le  part  of  others,  including  officials.  Mr. 
jlartin  does  not  think  that  many  of  the 
'tter  occur,  although  they  may  be  fre- 
Jcntly  blamable  for  not  reporting  cases 


of  neglect  or  contravention  of  rules,  with 
a  view  to  punishment  and  the  mainte- 
nance of  proper  discipline  and  safety  for 
themselves  and  others. 


Mine    Explosion    at  Delagua, 
Colorado 


Revised  figures  given  out  by  General 
Manager  W.  J.  Murray,  of  the  Victor- 
American  Fuel  Company,  indicate  that 
the  death  list  of  the  explosion  at  Delagua 
will  reach  51.  The  cause  of  the  explosion 
has  not  yet  been  determined.  All  hope 
of  Superintendent  William  Lewis'  party 
of  seven  being  alive  has  been  abandoned. 
They  had  just  started  into  the  main  en- 
try to  investigate  the  fire  in  the  mine, 
which  was  indicated  by  smoke  pouring 
out  of  the  entry,  when  the  explosion  oc- 
curred. 

Report  of  Rescuing  Parties 

The  report  of  rescuing  parties  showed 
29  bodies  in  the  first  and  second  west 
entries,  off  the  fourth  north;  9  bodies  in 
the  eighth  entry  off  the  fourth  north,  and 
7  in  Superintendent  Lewis'  party  caught 
and  buried  in  the  debris  inside  the  main 
entrance.  To  these  fatalities  must  be 
added  two  bodies  found  soon  after  the 
explosion  in  the  fourth  north  entry,  and 
three  killed  by  flying  debris  just  outside 
the  main  entry. 

General  Manager  Murray  thinks  the 
explosion  was  due  to  fire  in  an  entry,  but 
what  caused  the  fire  is  unknown.  Fire 
bosses  think  the  accident  may  have  been 
caused  by  a  miner  being  careless  with 
his  lamp  and  setting  fire  to  a  canvas 
brattice  in  the  entry.  State  Inspector  J. 
D.  Jones  made  a  preliminary  examina- 
tion of  the  mine  to  determine  whether  it 
was  a  coal-dust  explosion.  He  found  a 
little  coked  dust  in  the  seam  near  where 
the  fire  started,  but  not  enough  to  justify 
the  belief  that  it  was  a  dust  explosion. 
The  miners  use  the  open  style  of  lamp. 


Explosion    at    Yolande    Mine 
in  Alabama 


It  has  not  been  definitely  ascertained 
whether  the  death  of  the  five  men  killed 
in  the  Yolande  mine  was  caused  by  gas  or 
by  falling  slate.  This  mine,  however,  is 
a  gaseous  one.  and  it  is  the  opinion  of 
those  well  posted  that  the  accident  was 
due  to  an  explosion  of  gas. 

The  last  fatal  catastrophe  in  the  Yo- 
lande mine  occurred  on  Dec.  16,  1907, 
when  56  men  were  killed  and  31  other 
miners  injured.  This  former  explosion 
was  attributed  to  a  windy  shot  which 
started  a  coal-dust  explosion.  The  ex- 
plosion occurred  in  the  No.  1  mine,  1500 


ft.  under  the  ground.  About  87  men 
were  at  work  in  the  mine  when  the 
fatality  occurred. 


COLLIERY  NOTES  fk> 


In  1898,  less  than  20  per  cent,  of  the 
total  production  of  coal  in  the  United 
States  was  undercut  by  the  use  of  ma- 
chines. In  1908,  37  per  cent,  of  the  total 
coal  produced  was  machine-mined.  The 
number  of  undercutting  machines  in  use 
in  the  bituminous  mines  of  the  United 
States  has  increased  from  2622  in  1898 
to  11,569  in  1908. 

The  twin  collieries  of  the  Bunscn  Coal 
Company,  a  U.  S.  Steel  subsidiary,  now 
being  constructed  south  of  Clinton,  111., 
will  be  one  of  the  greatest  plants  of  the 
kind  in  the  world.  They  will  employ  much 
electrical  machinery.  The  construction 
work,  of  concrete,  will  include  a  smoke 
stack  175  ft.  high  and  14  ft.  in  diameter 
at  the  top,  also  to  be  constructed  of  rein- 
forced concrete. 

The  Keene  Coal  Mining  Company, 
Yellowstone  county,  Montana,  while  it 
has  been  producing  coal  for  local  con- 
sumption for  some  time,  has  recently 
started  to  ship  throughout  the  State  and 
will  materially  increase  its  output.  The 
Republic  Coal  Company's  No.  2  mine, 
in  the  same  county,  has  been  temporarily 
shut  down  to  allow  the  installation  of  a 
new  fan  and  an  underground  car  hauler. 

The  experiment  made  by  the  Mines 
Branch,  at  Ottawa,  of  placing  on  the 
local  market  500  tons  of  peat  fuel  made 
at  the  Government  experimental  peat 
plant,  at  Alfred,  at  S3.25  per  ton,  has 
been  attended  with  great  success.  The 
peat  was  all  bought  up  within  a  few  days 
and  since  then  a  large  number  of  orders 
for  further  supplies  have  been  received. 
The  general  opinion  of  those  who  have 
used  the  peat  is  that  it  is  cheaper  and 
more  satisfactory  than  coal. 

In  1907,  there  were  947  men  killed  in 
gas  and  dust  explosions  in  the  coal  mines 
of  the  United  States.  During  this  same 
year,  343  men  were  injured  in  explosions. 
Falls  of  coal  and  roof  killed  1122  men 
and  injured  2141  miners  during  1907. 
In  1908.  explosions  killed  396  and  in- 
jured 326,  while  falls  of  coal  and  roof 
killed  1080  and  injured  2591.  Mr.  Parker, 
statistician  of  the  Geological  Survey,  in 
commenting  on  these  figures  says  that 
they  are  significant,  and  that  it  is  hard 
to  make  the  miner  see  that  the  weakening 
of  the  roof  and  the  fracture  of  the  ribs 
by  the  excessive  use  of  powder  in  his 
work  are  responsible  for  the  falls,  which 
make  the  long  lists  of  casualties  every 
year.  He  says  further  that  the  mining 
engineer  knows  of  this  danger,  but  that 
it  is  a  hard  thing  to  prove  it  to  the  miner; 
or,  if  he  too  knows  it,  he  still  assumes 
the  risk. 


1072 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


^\u     xnK    -ixn     xm     nn     mx     vxkk     xm    xxkx     xxxx     xxxy    xnx    xxxk    xxxx.    xxxk    X)fl<y    "xxxx    3III 


MINING  AND  METALLURGICAL  PATENTS 


^   ^3 


A     CLASSIFIED      LIST      OF 
NEW     INVENTIONS 


^    ^ 


iiKxv    vxxx    vvxx   XXXX    vxvx     xxxif    xxxx    nn    xxxx   Axxx    xxxx:    xm.    xxxx  .xxx)c    xm    xxxx    j(m    m£ 


A  copy  of  tbe  specifications  of  any  of  tbese 
patents  "issued  bv  tlie  Vnited  States  I'atent 
Office  will  Ije  mailed  by  TtiE  Enuineehini; 
AND  Mixing  Jouhnal  upon  the  receipt  of  2.i 
cents.  British  patents  ai-e  supplied  at  40 
cents.  In  ordering  specifications,  correspond- 
ents are  requested  to  give  the  number,  name 
of  inventor  and  date  of  issue. 

COAL   A\D   COKE 

COAL  CUTTING — Improvements  in  C'oal- 
Cuttins  Machines.  Ander.son,  Boyes  &  Co., 
Ltd..  Motherwell,  Eng.  (Brit.  Xo.  l'S).7G2  of 
I'Jiisi.i 

ro,\L  CI'TTIXG — Improvements  in  Coal- 
Cutting  Machines.  Eianli  I'lckersley.  Crofton, 
and  W.  Creswidi.  Walton,  England.  (Brit. 
No.    1>2A:V2    of    1900.1 

COKE — Art  of  Operating  Retort  Col;e 
Ovens.  August  F.  Hilleke.  Ensley,  Ala.,  as- 
signor to  Semet-Solvav  Company.  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.      (U.  S.  No.  '.)73,0ia:  Oct.   LS,   lillo.) 

COKE — Improvements  in  Coke  Ovens.  Otto 
IIil;.'enstock  t'oUe  t)ven,  Ltd..  London,  Eng. 
(Biit.    No.    L'6.12.->    of    190!>.) 

COKE — Machine  for  Discharging  and  Charg- 
ing Gas  Retorts  or  Coke  Ovens,  .\rthur  Mc- 
Dougall  Uuckham.  Walden,  Little  Bookham, 
England.     (U.  S.  No.  <JT-t.043  ;  Oct.  25,  1910.) 

COKE — Process  of  Coking  Coals.  Lpland  L. 
Summers,  Chicago,  111.,  assignor  to  Continuous 
Process  Coke  Company.  (U.  S.  No.  9(58,499; 
Aug.    23,    1910.) 

IMITIUTIES  IN  COAL — Methinl  of  Ex- 
tracting or  Eliminating  Sulphur.  rUospluirus 
and  Other  Impurities  tviim  Coal.  Ore.  etc. 
Leiand  L.  Summers.  Chicago,  111.  (L.  S.  No. 
967,996:   Aug.   23.    1910.) 

MINING  MACHINE.  Charles  E.  Davis, 
Chicago,  111.,  assignor  to  Goodman  Manufac- 
turing Company,  Chicago,  III,  (U.  S.  No. 
967,885;  Aug.  23,  1910.) 

SAFETY  LAMP — Miner's  Safety  Lamp. 
.Tosef  Szombathv,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  (U.  S.  No. 
973,234:    Oct.    l8,    191U.1 

SAl'ETY  LAMPS — Improvements  in  or  Re- 
lating to  Miners'  Safety  Lamps.  Ernest 
Arthur  llaihvood,  Morley,  Eng.  (Brit.  No. 
24.80.";    of    1909.) 

UNDERCrTTING — Process  of  I'ndercutting 
In  Mines.  Erank  Billings,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
(U.   S.    No.    974,(532;    Nov.    1.    1910.) 

COPPER 

ALLOYS — Process  of  Making  Copper  Al- 
loys and  the  I'roduct  Thereof.  .Tames  Naulty 
aiid  .John  Scanlin.  Philadelphia,  I'enn.  (U.  S. 
No.    974,419:    Nov.    1,    191(1.1 

ELECTROLYTIC  E.XTU.\CTION  —  Process 
of  Extracting  Metals  from  Their  Ores.  \ViI- 
11am  E.  (Jreenawalt.  Denver.  Colo.  iL.  S.  No. 
973,776  :    Oct.    2."..    191(1.  I 

MATTE — Method  of  Handling  ilalte.  \Yil- 
liam  Douglas  Kilbourn,  Murray,  I'tah.  (U.S. 
No.   974,074:    Oct.    2.-i,    1910.) 

C;OLD    .\ND    .SIIA'ER 

CY.\NII>IN<; — Improvements  in  or  Relat- 
ing to  Filtering  A|)paralus  Parlicularly 
Adapted  for  Use  in  the  Cyanide  I'rocess  of 
Extracting  Precious  Melals  from  Their  Ores. 
\V.  \V.  Itiibacher,  Rocliester,  N,  Y,  .(Brit.  No. 
16,161    of    1910.) 

DKED'iE-  Hydraulic  Dredge.  William  F. 
Ilunlei'.  .Vrcata.'  C:il.,  assignor  of  one-half  to 
Thomas  Bair.  .\rcnta,  Cal.  (U.  S.  .\o.  974,- 
l.-iO:    Nov.    !.    19111. 1 

ORE  TREATMENT — Improvements  in  Ap- 
I)aratus  for  Treated  Crushed  Ore  Products 
for  the  Recovery  of  the  Metal  Contents  There- 
of. A.  .L  Arhuckle.  .Tohannesburg,  Transvaal, 
(Rrlt.    No.    6977    of    1910.1 

STAMP  MILLING — Improvements  in  Op- 
erating the  Stamps  of  Stamp  .Mills.  W.  E. 
KImber,  .Tohannesburg.  Transvaal.  (Brit.  No. 
23.093    of    1909.) 

IRON    .\XD    STEEl. 

BLAST  FURNACES — Improvements  In  or 
Kelatlng  to  the  Treatment  of  Ores  In  Blast 
I'uriia<*es.  Frederick  Kjellln.  Stockholm, 
Sweden.    (Brit.    No.   2.-.. 244   of   1909.) 

ELECTRIC  SMI'.I.'IMNt!   -Process  for  Smelt- 


iug  Iron  Ore.  Frederick  T.  Snyder,  Oak  Park, 
111.,  assignor  to  Electric  Metals  Company.  Chi- 
cago, III.  (U.  S.  No.  974,608;  Nov.  1,  19HI.1 
REFINING — Improvements  in  the  Open- 
Hearth  Process  of  Refining  Steel.  Gaston 
Barbanson  and  Max  Lepersonne.  Brussels, 
Belgium.      (Brit.    No.   5916   of    1910.) 

LEAD,  ZIXC   .\>'D   OTHER  METALS 

TIN — Process  of  Detinning.  Franz  von 
Kiigel,gen,  Ilolccmbs  Rock,  Va.,  and  George  O. 
Seward,  East  (Grange,  N.  J.,  assignors,  liy 
mesne  assignments,  to  Tin  Products  Company, 
New  York.  (U.  S.  No.  972,133;  Oct.  4, 
1910.) 

TIN — Process  of  Separating  Heterogene- 
ous Substances  and  Detinning  Scrap.  Charles 
.1.  Reed.  Philadelphia,  I'enn.  (U.  S.  No.  971.- 
40.J :    Sept.  27.   1910.) 

ZINC — Improvements  in  or  Relating  to 
the  Treatment  of  Complex  Zinc  Ores.  Wold- 
emar  Ilommel  anti  II.  T.  Durant,  London, 
Eng.       (Brit.    No.    18,817    of    190'.).) 

ZINC — Improvements  in  Spelter-Condenser 
Nozzles.  W.  Rees.  Swansea,  Wales.  (Brit. 
No.    22.704    of    1909.) 

ZIRCONIUM — Process  for  the  Production 
of  Zirconium  and  other  Rare  Metals.  11. 
Kuzel,  Baden.  .Austria,  and  E.  Wedekind, 
Strasburg,  Germany,  (Brit.  No.  23,215  of 
1909.) 

NONMETALLIC    MINERALS 

FULLER'S  EARTH — Process  for  Utilizing 
Spent  Fuller's  lOarth.  Nathan  Sulzberger, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (U.  S.  No.  968,092;  Aug. 
23,    1910.) 

PETROLEUM — Adjuster  for  Oil  Wells. 
I..ee  C.  Moure,  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  assignor  to 
Lee  C.  Moore  &  Co..  Inc.,  Pittsburg,  Penn. 
(U.  S.  No.  968,181  ;  Aug.  23,  1910.) 

MIXING— GBXERAL 

DRILLING — Rock  Extractor  for  Drill 
Holes.  Charles  Desmarais.  (-)uebec,  Canada. 
(U.  S.  No.  973.013;  Oct.  IS,  1910.) 

GASES — Improvements  in  and  Relating  to 
Apparatus  for  Testing  Mine  Gases,  .loseph 
Smith.  Dawson,  N.  M.  (Brit.  No.  5f)93  of 
1910.) 

HOISTING  ENGINE.  John  Welker  Free- 
man, .Toplin,  Mo,  (U.  S.  No.  973,028;  Oct. 
IS,    1910.1 

MINE  EXIT.  Clarence  W.  White.  Lacon, 
111.,  assignor  of  51  per  cent,  to  William  L. 
Sinnott.  Streator,  111.  (U.  S.  No.  968,504: 
Aug,  23,   1910.) 

MINER'S  LAMP.  Domlnick  Miglio.  Calu- 
met, Mich.  (U.  S.  No.  974,690:  Nov.  1. 
1910.) 

ROCK-DRH-I.ING  BIT.  Terrence  Connell, 
Ilaverford.  Penn.  (U.  S.  No.  973,407  :  Oct. 
18,    1910.) 

ROCK  DRILLS — Improvements  in  Rock 
Drills  and  Similar  Tools.  G.  E.  (;.iuke.  Stock- 
holm,   Sweden.       (Brit.    No.    27.474,    190!).) 

SILXI'T  I.ININtiS — Improvements  in  and 
Relating  to  Linings  for  Pits,  Shafts  and  the 
Like.  C.  Walker.  Gresford,  Wales.  (Brit. 
No.  2I,S50  of  1910.) 

SHAFT  SINKING — Improvements  Relating 
to  the  Sinking  of  Mines.  Shafts  and  the  Like. 
Enterprise  Gt'^nerale  de  Foncage  de  Puits 
Etudes  et  Tiavaux  de  Mines.  Paris,  France, 
and  A.  Koeoe,  Erklenz,  Germany.  (Brit.  No. 
30,021    of    1909.1 

TUNNELING  MACHINE.  William  Russell 
Collins.  Georgetown.  Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  973,- 
107:    Oct.    IS,    1910.) 

OUli    HHESSIXG— GENERAL 

CONCE.N'THATION — Apparatus  for  Con- 
centrating Solutions  in  General.  Eudo  Monti. 
Turin.  Italy.  ( U.  S.  No.  973.290:  Oct.  18. 
1910.) 

CONCENTRATOR — Ore  Concentrator.  EI- 
dor  II.  Moe.  Salt  Lake  fity.  Utah.  (U.  S.  No. 
972.463:    Oct.     11.    1910.) 

CO.\CENTU.\TOR — Ore  Concentrator.  Ira 
F.  Monell.  Boulder,  Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  972.- 
017;   Oct.    4.    1910.) 

CRUSHING  —  Ball  -  Mill      or      Commlnutcr 


Plate.  llcnrv  Ii.  Hibbard,  Plainfield,  N.  .1. 
(U.   S.  No.  '.)71,196;  Sept.  27,  I'.ilO.) 

DISTRIBUTER — Revolving  Distributer  f"r 
Pulp  or  Liquid.  Edward  Henry  Moyle.  L's 
-Angeles,  Cal,  (U.  S.  No.  968,182;  Aug.  2:;, 
1910.) 

JIG — Ore  Concentrating  Jig.  Melvin  Double- 
dee.  Joplin,  Mo.  (U.  S.  No.  973,180:  (i.t. 
IS,    1910.) 

JIGGING — Ore  Jigger.  Camden  E.  Knowl.  s. 
Webb  City,  Mo,,  assignor  to  Webb  City  I'i 
Carterville  Foundry  and  Machine  Works.  Welili 
Citv,  Mo.  il'.  fe.  No.  973,281;  Oct,  Is. 
1910.) 

S("'REEN — Revoluble  Sizing  Screen.  Lewis 
E.  Warner,  Kellogg,  Idaho.  (U.  S.  No.  97::.- 
149  ;    Oct.    18,    1910.) 

SCREENING  API'ARATUS.  Edward  lu- 
,glis,  Kofa,  Ariz.,  assignor  of  one-third  to  M.  M. 
Mendenhall.  Kofa,  Ariz.  (U.  S.  No.  973,  iS7; 
Oct.    25,    1910.) 

SCREENING  CONVEYER.  Utley  Wedge, 
Ardmore.  Penn.  (U.  S.  No.  973.597:  Oct. 
25,    1910.) 

SEPARATION — Art  of  Separating  Liquids 
and  Apparatus  Therefor.  Lawrence  Strom, 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No.  968,206;  Aug. 
23,    1910.) 

SEP.\R.\TION — Magnetic  Ore  Separator. 
Anders  Gustaf  Ilolmberg.  Langgrufvan. 
Sweden.      (U.    S.   No.   Si72,109 ;   Oct.  4,    1910.) 

SEP-iR.\TI(>N — Magnetic  Ore  Separator. 
Charles  A.  Sellon.  Ilalleck,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No. 
973,984  :    Oct.   25,    1910.) 

SI:P.AR.\T()R  and  Classifier.  Edmund 
Major.  Maitlaud,  S.  D.  (U.  S.  No.  973,:!63; 
Oct.    18.    1910.) 

SETTLING  TANK.  Robert  S.  Lewis  and 
John  Ilenrv  Moore,  Mctiill,  Nev.  (U.  S.  No. 
973,357;    Oct.    18,    1910,) 

METALLURGY— GENERAL 

BRIQUETTING — Apparatus  for  Forming 
Ore  Blocks  for  the  Briquettiug  Furnace.  Gus- 
taf Griindal.  Djursholm,  Sweden,  assignor  to 
American  Grdndal  Kiellin  Company,  New 
York.  N.  Y.  (U.  S.  No.  968,407;  Aug.  23. 
1910.) 

ELECTRIC  FURNACE.  Johannes  Hiirden, 
London.  England,  assignor  to  the  Griindal 
Kjellin  Compaiiv.  Ltd.,  London,  Eng.  (I'.  S. 
Nos.     967. Oo.'*  and  907.:tO9  ;     Aug.   23.     1910.) 

ELECTROLYSIS — Improvements  in  or  Re- 
lating to  the  Electrolysis  of  .Metallic  Solu- 
tions. Fernand  Lacroix,  I'aris,  France.  (Brit. 
No.   845   of   1910.) 

FEEDINti  .APPARATUS — An  Improved  Au- 
tomatic Feeding  Apparatus  for  Granular  Ma- 
terial I*rimariiy  for  Feeding  Furnaces  and 
Kilns.  J.  (imeindl.  Jos.  Gmeindl.  Jr..  Johaiui 
(Tiueindl  and  Alois  Gmeindl.  of  Schnaitsee. 
Germany.      (Brit.    No.    1337    of    1910.) 

FIRNACE — Rotary  Furnace.  David  Baker. 
Philadelphia,  Penn..  assignor  to  Ladd  &  Bak- 
er. Inc.     (U.  s.  No.  '.i(;N.:;i;i :  .vug.  23.  inio.i 

REDUCTION — Metal-Reducing  Process  for 
Volatile  Metals.  Frederick  W.  (iordon.  Phila- 
delphia. Penu.  (U.  S.  No.  974,257 :  Nov.  1. 
1910.) 

REDUCTION — Process  of  Reduction  of 
Ores  Containing  Sulphur  and  Iron.  Arnold 
Wiens.  Bitterfeld.  Germany,  assignor  to  Elek- 
Iroehemische  Werke,  (J.  M.  B.  IL.  Berlin-Blt- 
terfcld.  Germany.  (I".  S.  No.  973.732;  Oct. 
25.    1910.) 

ROASTING — Improvements  in  and  Con- 
nected with  Rabble  Shafts.  Arms  and  Plows 
for  Roasting  Furnaces.  T.  D.  Merton,  Wat- 
ford, and  II.  M.  Ridge.  Durham,  Eng.  (Brlt- 
No.   3S4:'.  of    1910.) 

ROASTING  —  Ore  -  Roasting  Meehanlstn 
Ilenrv  II.  Bliss.  Washington,  1).  C.  (T'.  »- 
No.   908,507;    Aug.   23,   1910.) 

ROASTING  FURNACE.  Cyrus  Robinson. 
New  York.  N.  Y.  I U.  S.  No.  968,205:  Aup 
23,    1910.) 

SI..A(i — Improvements  in  Apparatus  tor 
Granulating  Blast  I-^irnace  Slag.  O.  Rift- 
kolten.  Hagen.  Germany,  and  .August  Knli- 
Vienna.    Austria.      (Brit.    No.    56S4    of   191"-' 

SLA(i — .Apparatus  lor  Granulating  Blast- 
Furnace  Slag.  William  I!.  Warren.  New  York. 
N.  Y.  (U.  S.  No.  974.003:  Oct,  2.''i,  1910: 
also   Brit.   No.   4(i92  of  1910.) 


November  26.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1073 


ilPERSONAL     [i 


.Miniim   ami    nit'Ialliugii-ul   t'n-iiu'crs   are   in- 
vited   t(l     iieep    'I'lii;     lO.N'C  [NEKKl.Ni;    .VXll    MiMNG 

.loUKNAi.    ini'oruietl    ul"    theii*    movements    and 
appointuienis. 


F.  W.  Bradley  has  been  visiting  New 
York. 

D.  M.  Riordan  has  returned  to  New 
York  from   Peru. 

Arthur  Winslow  has  been  visiting 
Goldfield,  Nevada. 

F.  H.  Sharpless  has  gone  west  on  pro- 
fessional business. 

H.  Kilburn  Scott  has  left  London  for 
Brazil  on  professional  business. 

H.  V.  Winchell  has  just  completed  an 
examination  of  the   East  Butte  mine. 

Edgar  A.  Collins  has  returned  to 
Tonopah,  Nev.,  from  a  visit  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast. 

W.  J.  Elmendorf,  manager  of  the  Port- 
land Canal  Mining  Company,  was  at  Ta- 
coma.   Wash.,    lately. 

A.  J.  McMillan,  liquidator  of  Le  Roi 
Mining  Company,  Ltd.,  Rossland,  B.  C, 
has  gone  to  Chicago. 

James  MacNaughton,  general  manager 
of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla  and  subsidiary 
companies,  is  at  Boston. 

J.  P.  Hutchins,  who  has  been  for  a 
long  time  in  Siberia  on  gold-mining  work, 
has  returned  to  New  York. 

Henry  G.  Brown  has  resigned  his  po- 
sition as  president  of  the  Maryland  Coal 
and  Coke  Company,  of  Baltimore. 

W.  H.  Trewartha-James,  of  Victoria, 
B.  C,  general  manager  of  the  Tyee  Cop- 
per Company,  is  about  to  visit  New  York. 

S.  W.  Eccles  has  been  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  Nevada  Consolidated  Copper 
Company,  in  place  of  James  Phillips, 
Jr.,  resigned. 

H.  W.  Turner,  who  has  been  on  pro- 
fessional business  in  Siberia,  is  return- 
ing home  by  way  of  Moscow,  London 
and  New  York. 

W.  M.  Brewer  recently  returned  to 
Victoria,  B.  C,  from  Alaska,  and  went 
thence  to  Sheep  Creek  camp,  in  Nelson 
mining  division. 

S.  S.  Raymond,  of  Los  Angeles,  Gal, 
lately  spent  a  week  examining  gold-min- 
ng  properties  in  Sheep  Creek  camp. 
British  Columbia. 

W.  H.  Aldridge,  managing  director  of 
he  Consolidated  Mining  and  Smelting 
Company  of  Canada,  Ltd.,  has  returned 
from  eastern  Canada. 

S.  E.  Bretherton,  who  is  doing  pro- 
->sional  work  in  the  State  of  Sonora. 
Mexico,  expects  to  return  to  San  Fran- 
cisco early  in   Deceinber. 

Mark  R.  Latnb.  of  the  Allis-Chalmers 
"mpany,  sailed  from  New  Orleans,  Nov. 

for  an  extended  trip  through  the  prin- 
j;ipal  mining  countries  of  South  Amer- 
ca. 


R.  H.  Chapman,  of  Washington,  and 
C.  H.  Clapp,  of  Boston,  are  completing 
their  season's  field  work  on  Vancouver 
island,  B.  C,  for  the  Geological  Survey 
of  Canada. 

G.  I.  M.  Simons,  editor  of  the  Celr- 
graaf,  of  Amsterdam,  Holland,  spent 
several  days  recently  in  the  Birmingham 
district,  in  Alabama,  looking  at  the  prop- 
erties of  several  industrial  companies  in 
which  Holland  inoney  is  invested. 

Edmund  D.  Jermyn,  of  Scranton,  Penn., 
has  been  chosen  vice-president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  Rhode  Island  Coal 
Company.  The  mines  at  Portsmouth, 
R.  I.,  will  be  in  charge  of  H.  D.  John- 
son, late  of  Scranton,  as  superintendent. 

S.  J.  Lewis,  who  has  been  engaged  in 
geological  work  for  the  Cinco  Minas  and 
other  companies  in  the  Hostotipaquillo 
district,  of  Jalisco,  has  accepted  the  posi- 
tion of  consulting  engineer  for  the  Am- 
paro  Mining  Company,  at  Etzatlan,  Mex- 
ico. 

The  John  Fritz  medal,  established  in 
1902  in  honor  of  Mr.  Fritz  on  his  eightieth 
birthday,  has  been  awarded  for  this  year 
to  Alfred  Noble,  past  president  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers, 
"for  notable  achievements  as  a  civil  en- 
gineer." 

Sir  Robert  Hadfield,  of  Sheffield,  Eng., 
has  been  awarded  the  Elliott  Cresson 
medal  for  1910  by  the  Franklin  Insti- 
tute, of  Philadelphia,  for  "distinguished, 
leading  and  directive  work  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  our  knowledge  of  metal- 
lurgical  science." 

W.  F.  Harrison  has  resigned  the  man- 
agement of  the  Inde  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany, at  Inde.  Durango,  Mexico,  and  has 
been  placed  in  charge  of  properties  in 
New  Mexico,  owned  by  the  same  people. 
R.  McCart,  now  assistant  manager,  will 
succeed  Mr.  Harrison  at  Inde. 

Walter  Brinton,  superintendent  of  the 
manganese  steel  department  of  the  Tay- 
lor Iron  and  Steel  Company's  plant  at 
High  Bridge,  N.  J.,  since  1895,  has  re- 
signed, and  has  accepted  a  position  as 
consulting  engineer  for  the  Edgar  Allen 
American  Manganese  Steel  Company, 
which  is  manufacturing  manganese  steel 
at  Chicago  Heights,  111.,  and  at  New 
Castle.  Del.  .Mr.  Brinton's  headquarters 
will  be  at  the  New  Castle  plant. 


+     OBI TUARV     + 


John  R.  Lockhart  was  found  dead  near 
Palmarito,  Durango,  Mexico,  Nov.  29.  It 
is  believed  that  he  was  murdered  sev- 
eral days  before.  He  had  been  etnployed 
as  a  mining  engineer  in  Mexico  for  sev- 
eral years.  Before  going  to  Mexico  he 
was  in  the  Joplin  district  in  Missouri. 

Charles  H.  Tucker  died  Oct.  30,  at 
Clifton  Springs,  N.  Y.,  where  he  had  gone 
for  his  health.  He  was  50  years  old. 
He   was   born    in    New   York,   and    after 


some  office  and  newspaper  experience  he 
entered  the  New  York  office  of  the  John 
A.  Roebling's  Sons  Company,  growing 
steadily  in  their  service  until  1898,  when 
he  was  secured  by  the  A.  Leschen  &  Sons 
Rope  Company,  Ltd.,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  his  death.  He  was  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  that  company.  Dur- 
ign  his  connection  of  26  years  with  the 
two  companies,  he  became  one  of  the 
best  informed  and  extensively  known 
wire-rope  men  in  this  country.  In  Mr. 
Tucker  was  exemplified  a  rare  versatility 
wherewith  as  an  Eastern  man  trained  to 
manhood  in  Eastern  business  practice,  he 
vas  enabled  to  adapt  himself  to  Western 
methods  and  utilize  them  with  large  suc- 
cess. 

Edwin  J.  Hulbert  died  at  Rome,  Italy, 
Oct.  20,  aged  81  years.  More  than  50 
years  ago  he  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  Lake  Superior  region,  and  to  him 
is  given  the  credit  of  the  first  discovery 
of  what  is  now  the  Calumet  &  Hecla 
n'.ine.  In  1854,  when  he  was  employed  on 
the  survey  of  the  State  road  from  Copper 
Harbor,  by  way  of  Eagle  Harbor,  Cliff 
and  Houghton,  to  Ontonagon,  the  first 
discoveries  of  stray  conglomerate  copper- 
bearing  boulders  were  made.  In  August, 
1864,  he  directed  two  woodmen  in  his 
employ,  named  John  Hulbert,  Jr.,  and 
Amos  Scott,  to  sink  a  pit  at  a  given 
point  upon  the  lands  which  he  had  pur- 
chased in  liSeO.  There  the  discovery  of 
the  Calumet  conglomerate  lode  was  made, 
at  the  location  now  marked  by  Calumet 
No.  4  shaft.  Mr.  Hulbert  was  an  en- 
gineer of  ability  and  an  energetic  man, 
but  he  was  not  a  business  man,  and 
he  secured  little  or  no  reward  for  his  dis- 
coveries. He  retired  a  number  of  years 
ago,  and  for  several  years  had  been  in 
feeble  health. 


giSOCIETlESWTECHNICAL  SCHOOLJgl 


National  Asociation  of  Cement  Uscrs^ 
The  seventh  annual  meeting  will  be  held 
in  New  York,  Dec.  12-17.  Headquarters 
will  be  at  the  Prince  George  hotel.  A 
large  number  of  papers  and  cotiimittee 
reports  on  various  subjects  will  be  pre- 
sented. 

Mining  and  Metallurgical  Soc/e/.v— The 
following  have  been  elected  to  meinber- 
■^hip:  Henry  S.  Drinker,  Walter  Fitch, 
John  T.  Fuller,  Louis  D.  Huntoon,  Sidney 
J.  Jennings,  B.  B.  Lawrence,  R.  V.  Nor- 
ris,  Joseph  A.  Van  Mater,  R.  G.  Brown, 
Benedict  Crowell,  James  S.  Douglas,  E.  F. 
Eurich,  B.  B.  Gottsberger,  Robert  Peele, 
D.  M.  Riordan,  Bradley  Stoughton.  The 
New  York  section  held  its  regular 
monthly  meeting  at  the  Engineers'  Club, 
on  Nov.  17  and  in  order  to  continue  the 
discussion,  which  was  on  the  report,  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Prevention  of  Mine 
Accidents,  an  adjourned  meeting  was 
held  on  Nov.  22.  The  report  e.xcited 
much  interest. 


1074 


1HE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Eeports     From     Our     Own     Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Marty      Important 
»"        ^     Mining     Centers    of     the  'World       ->^       -^ 


San  Francisco 

Nov.  19 — The  oil  men  of  the  State  are 
much  pleased  that  both  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  Ballinger  and  Assistant  Secretary 
Pierce  have  visited  the  California  oilfields 
this  summer,  and  have  a  bstter  idea  of  the 
local  conditions  than  before.  They  think 
as  a  result  of  this  that  some  of  the  with- 
drawn lands  will  be  again  opened  to  en- 
try and  that  there  will  be  a  change  of 
rulings  as  to  locations  and  patents.  The 
California  delegation  which  went  before 
Congress  early  in  the  yecr  think  there 
was  ignorance  on  the  part  of  members  of 
both  Houses  and  the  bureau  officials,  on 
the  subject  of  petroleum  and  petroleum 
lands,  but  this  has  been  to  some  extent 
eliminated.  Still,  m  their  zeal  to  improve 
matters  relating  to  oil  lands,  the  Cali- 
fornia oil  men  are  also  showing  an  ignor- 
ance about  locations  of  gold  placers  which 
is  less  excusable  than  that  shown  by 
congressmen  and  bureau  officials. 

The  Yard  decision  is  the  principal  topic 
of  discussion  and  relief  from  present 
conditions  is  expected  from  a  reversal  of 
that  decision.  In  that  case  it  was  de- 
cided that  an  assignment  of  eight  sepa- 
rate placer  locations  of  20  acres  each  to 
an  individual  or  company  before  dis- 
covery of  valuable  mineral  on  each  tract, 
was  void.  This  principle  when  applied 
to  oil  lands  played  havoc  with  speculation 
or  even  legitimate  work.  The  oil  men, 
however,  do  not  seem  to  know  that  it  had 
been  doing  damage  to  gold  mining  for 
years  even  before  enunciated  so  strongly 
in  the  Yard  case,  which  was  really  a  spe- 
cial one  involving  an  intimation  of  locat- 
ing timber  land  as  mineral. 

And  now  the  oil  men,  in  making  their 
arguments  for  a  change,  take  the  strange 
position  of  asserting  that  20  acres  is 
plenty  of  land  for  a  gold  placer  but  is  not 
enough  for  an  oil  location  where  money 
has  to  be  spent  to  find  the  oil  in  advance 
of  actual  discovery.  They  forget  that  in 
the  case  of  drift  or  hydraulic  mines, 
which  are  placers  under  the  law  the  same 
as  oil  lands  are,  much  more  than  20 
acres  in  a  single  piece  is  required,  and 
that  men  will  not  invest  in  them  unless  a 
larger  acreage  than  20  acres  can  be  com- 
bined in  one  tract.  The  conditions  are 
almost  precisely  the  same  with  these 
classes  of  gold  placers  as  they  are  with 
oil  locations.  And  yet  the  oil  men  are 
telling  the  bureau  officials  that  20  acres  is 
plenty  for  a  gold  placer  but  a  larger  unit 
is  necessary  in  the  case  of  oil.  They  are 
doubtless  thinking  of  the  old-fashioned 
surface  placer  of  early  days,  and   know 


nothing  of  the  conditions  involved  in  drift 
and  hydraulic  mining. 

In  drift  mining  particularly,  the  rule  of 
showing  paying  mineral  works  such  hard- 
ship on  the  locator  that  the  industry  is 
rr.pidly  declining  and  few  new  mines  are 
being  opened.  These  drift  mines  are 
niain'.y  in  the  buried  channels  of  dead 
rivers  covered  with  lava  capping  many 
hundreds  of  feet  deep.  It  is  impossible  to 
show  value  on  the  surface  of  this  lava. 
To  develop  the  channel  long  tunnels  must 
be  run  and  until  the  tunnel  reaches  the 
channel,  no  values  can  be  shown  either. 
Thus  under  present  rulings  there  can  be 
no  valid  location  of  a  drift  mine.  More- 
over, no  one  is  going  to  run  a  tunnel  sev- 
eral thousand  feet  long  to  work  only  20 
acres  of  ground  and  they  can  get  no  pat- 
ent until  they  can  show  the  auriferous 
gravel  in  the  channel.  Then  if  they  can- 
not combine  more  than  one  location  when 
applying  for  patent  it  is  useless  to  do  so 
because  under  the  Yard  ruling  they  must 
show  value  in  each  separate  tract,  and 
this  is  impossible  until  the  mine  is  worked 
out. 

While  the  oil  men  have  an  organization 
to  present  their  side,  the  gold  miners  have 
not,  for  which  reason  the  oil  men  should 
be  more  careful  in  making  statements 
such  as  they  have  with  regard  to  gold- 
placer  locations  of  20  acres  being  enough 
for  the  gold  miners.  It  betrays  an  ignor- 
ance of  general  mining  conditions  not  at 
all  commendable  for  men  engaged  in  any 
blanch  of  the  industry  in  California.  If 
the  gold  miners  got  together  to  present 
their  views  of  the  case  before  the  officials, 
the  oil  men  would  be  placed  in  a  bad  po- 
sition as  themselves  showing  ignorance  of 
a  subject  they  have  charged  the  officials 
with  being  ignorant  of. 

Denver 

A^oi'.  20 — Apparently  the  deep-drain- 
age tunnel  at  Cripple  Creek  has  entered 
the  breccia  area,  and  the  flow  of  water 
does  not  exceed  1000  gal.  per  min.  At 
a  meeting  of  the  directors,  the  contractor 
was  authorized  to  drive  200  ft.  further, 
unless  a  flow  of  2000  gal.  per  minute  is 
secured  inside  that  distance,  when  the 
contract  will  be  considered  completed. 
The  total  length  of  the  tunnel  is  now 
15,524  ft.  The  present  cost  is  S28  per 
ft.,  and  .S23,000  of  the  total  subscribed, 
amounting  to  S550,000,  is  still  in  the 
treasury. 

The  long  tunnel  which  has  its  portal  in 
Cottontail  gulch,  just  below  the  town  of 
Cripple  Creek,  with  its  course  through 
Gold   hill,   and   its  heading  undf-r   Raven 


hill,  and  which  is  called  the  Ophelia  tun- 
nel, but  more  generally  known  as  the 
Moffat  tunnel,  after  its  original  owners, 
has  been  sold  by  the  master  in  chan- 
cery to  William  Faxon,  of  Boston,  for 
S24,000.  This  was  a  foreclosure  sale  on 
behalf  of  the  bond  holders.  The  value  of 
the  property  is  rated  at  S327,000. 

The  case  of  the  Government  against 
the  promoters  of  the  Lost  Bullion-Span- 
ish mines,  in  which  seven  defendants 
were  either  fined  or  given  jail  sentences 
by  Federal  Judge  Lewis,  is  again  delayed. 
After  waiting  three  years  for  a  decision 
on  the  appeal,  it  is  now  sajd  that  the 
Court  of  Appeals  may  pass  the  case  up 
to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  which  means  two  years  more. 


I 


Butte 

Nov.  18 — John  Hardie,  a  metallurgist  of 
Helena,  Mont.,  claims  to  have  invented 
a  method  of  greatly  intensifying  the  heat 
in  a  blast  furnace.  Patents  have  been 
procured  and  money  raised  to  erect  a 
smeltery  at  Rimini  so  that  the  method 
may  be  given  a  thorough  tryout. 

Information  has  recently  been  given  of 
the  intention  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  Puget  Sound  Railway  Company  to 
build  a  line  to  Libby,  the  county  seat  of 
Lincoln  county.  The  exact  rounte  of  the 
line  has  not  been  made  public.  The 
country  which  the  road  will  tap  con- 
tains valuable  timber  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Libby  there  are  many  mines  which 
could  be  placed  on  a  paying  basis  with 
the   advent  of  a   railroad. 


Salt  Lake  City 

A'or.  19 — The  production  of  lead  and 
silver  in  Utah  has  been  less  than  usual 
during  several  months.  The  Park  City 
district  has  shown  a  falling  off  on  ac- 
count of  the  decreased  output  of  some  of 
the  largest  producers.  The  Daly-West 
and  Silver  King  have  marketed  less  ore 
than  normal,  the  former  on  account  of 
its  new  development  policy  on  the  lower 
levels,  while  the  latter  has  been  install- 
ing an  electric  haulage  system,  and  it 
will  probably  be  Jan.  1  before  regular 
shipments  are  resumed.  The  Tintic  mines 
have  marketed  much  less  lead-silver  ore 
than  during  1909.  There  has  been  a 
substantial  increase  in  the  production  of 
this  class  of  ore  in  the  Bingham  district, 
but  this  ore  is  not  as  high  grade  and  does 
not  carry  as  much  silver  as  is  contained 
in  the. Tintic  or  Park  City  ores.  'The  in- 
creased production  of  Bingham  '"'s  not 
balanced  the  lessened  shipment;^  from 
Tintic.    The  smelters  have  felt  the  short- 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1075 


age  of  lead  ore  to  a  great  extent,  and 
have  been  bringing  in  as  much  ore  of  this 
character  as  possible  from  outside  of  the 
State. 

During  October,  the  Snake  Creek  drain 
tunnel,  near  Park  City,  was  driven  304 
ft.  On  Nov.  1  the  tunnel  was  in  1734  ft. 
Some  water  has  been  encountered,  but 
has  not  interfered  with  operations.  So 
far  timbering  has  not  been  necessary. 

The  Utah  Apex  mill  at  Bingham  was 
closed  Nov.  10,  and  the  mining  force  put 
on  the  development  of  three  new  and  im- 
portant orebodies.  There  is  no  truth  in 
the  reports  that  an  injunction  was  ob- 
tained by  the  Bingham  Copper  Company, 
or  that  the  ore  supply  was  insufficient  to 
keep  the  mill  going.  The  reason  for  the 
shutdown  was  due  to  the  limited  capacity 
of  the  compressor,  which  was  unable  to 
furnish  enough  air  for  the  extraction  of 
ore  and  the  development  at  the  same 
time.  The  pressure  at  the  drills  was  not 
high  enough  to  make  good  progress  in 
the  quartzite.  The  reserves  are  ample  to 
keep  the  mill  running  for  a  year  or 
longer  without  any  further  development. 
A  new  body  of  ore  running  well  in  cop- 
per and  silver  was  cut  recently  on  the 
seventh  level.  In  this  property  both  lead 
and  copper  orebodies  occur  in  the  same 
ncighoorhood,  though  making  from  an 
entirely  different  system  of  fissures.  On 
Nov.  6  a  new  strike  of  fine-grained  silver- 
lead  ore  was  made  from  a  raise  above  the 
seventh  level.  A  third  strike  of  silver-lead 
ore  has  also  been  made  on  the  Parvenue 
tunnel  level.  Development  is  being 
pushed  on  these  new  orebodies,  and  mill 
operations  will  be  resumed  when  this 
work  is  far  enough  advanced,  which  will 
probably  be  at  an  early  date.  During 
October,  150  tons  per  day  were  sent 
through  the  mill,  as  two  shifts  only  weru 
worked  on  ore.  About  1200  tons  of  first- 
class  and  concentrates  were  shipped. 
The  normal  capacity  is  170  to  190  tons 
of  mill  ore  daily,  and  from  1200  to  1800 
tons  of  first-class  and  concentrates  per 
month. 


Morgantown,  W.  Va, 

Nov.  12 — The  State  Mines  Department 
reports  the  total  production  of  coal  in 
West  Virginia  for  the  year  ended  June 
30,  1910,  at  52,723.708  tons.  Details  have 
already  been  published. 

Investments  in  coke-manufacturing 
plants  in  West  Virginia  increased  during 
the  past  year  S3.6I0.991,  or  81  per  cent. 
The  coal  output  for  the  calendar  year 
1910  is  expected  to  land  the  State 
permanently  in  second  place  among  the 
coal-producing  States. 

There  were  320  men  killed  and  941  in- 
jured in  the  mines  of  the  State  during 
the  year  ended  June  .30,  1910.  The  num- 
ber killed  is  less  in  comparison  with  the 
tonnage  produced  than  any  previous  year 
records  except  in  three  instances.  While 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  so  many  non- 
fatal accidents  occurred,  this  in  a  meas- 


ure Is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  pres- 
ent chief  of  the  department  has  insisted 
upon  the  district  mine  inspectors  follow- 
ing up  the  accidents  and  reporting  them 
to  the  department  no  matter  how  slight 
the  injuries  were.  Heretofore  the  in- 
spectors allowed  the  minor  accidents  to 
pass  without  reporting  them. 

The  State  Department  of  Mines  is  tak- 
ing drastic  measures  to  put  a  stop  to  the 
practice  of  shooting  from  the  solid. 
Twenty  miners  were  arrested  one  day 
recently  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State 
charged  with  this  offense,  and  had  to 
pay  fines  ranging  from  SIO  to  $17  each. 
A  mine  foreman  who  connived  at  the 
violation  of  the  law  was  fined  S50. 

The  committee  selected  by  the  West 
Virginia  Mining  Institute  and  the  State 
Board  of  Trade  on  "Development  and 
Protection  of  the  State's  Resources"  and 
on  "Prevention  and  Protection  of  the 
State's  Coal  Beds  from  Dangers  At- 
tendant Upon  Drilling  Through  Them  for 
Oil  and  Gas,"  met  at  the  capitol  .and  con- 
ferred with  Governor  W.  E.  Glasscock  re- 
cently. 

At  present.  West  Virginia  has  no  law 
on  the  statute  books  that  will  protect  the 
coal  overlying  the  oil  and  gas  bodies 
and  in  several  instances,  it  is  claimed 
great  damage  has  been  done  to  the  coal  " 
companies  holding  coal  leases.  The  com- 
mittee was  of  the  opinion  that  there 
should  be  a  law  requiring  the  proper 
marking  and  recording  of  all  oil,  gas 
and  deep  wells  in  the  office  of  the  county 
clerk  in  the  countries  in  which  the  wells 
are  drilled,  and  that  a  proper  marker 
be  placed  where  the  well  is  located  in 
the  event  it  is  abandoned.  By  such  a 
method  coal  men  could  easily  locate  such 
wells  and  be  governed  accordingly  in  the 
planning  for  the  development  of  their 
property. 

In  this  same  connection,  the  proposed 
law  will  require  that  the  wells  be  prop- 
erly cased  to  prevent  the  escape  of  gas. 
water  or  oil  through  the  coal  veins,  and 
also  that  the  coalowners.  if  they  are  not 
the  ones  who  hold  the  oil  and  gas  rights, 
shall  be  paid  a  certain  sum  for  the  loss 
of  coal  that  must  be  left  standing  around 
the  wells  in  order  to  prevent  the  escape 
of  gas,  oil  or  water  into  the  mines. 

The  Norfolk  &  Western  opened  bids 
lately  for  new  construction  in  Virginia 
and  West  Virginia  which  will  cost  about 
S3,000,000  and  take  two  years  to  com- 
plete. The  plans  include  a  four-mile  ex- 
tension of  the  Tug  Fork  branch  to  reach 
holdings  of  the  Pocahontas  Consolidated 
Collieries  Company,  near  Elkhorn,  that 
are  soon  to  be  developed.  The  bids 
covered  an  extension  of  the  Dry  Fork 
branch  to  a  point  on  the  Clinch  Valley 
division  about  14  miles  from  the  present 
terminus.  The  cutoff  between  the  main 
line  and  the  Clinch  Valley  division  thus 
established  will  afford  a  shorter  route  for 
west-bound  tonnage  from  the  Clinch  Val- 
ley, which  at  present  reaches  the  main 


line  at  Graham,  near  Bluefield.  Inci- 
dentally, it  will  open  up  the  property  of 
the  Faraday  Coal  and  Coke  Company — 
a  subsidiary  of  the  H.  C.  Prick  Coke 
Company — on  the  boundary  line  between 
Virginia  and  West  Virginia. 

Cobalt 

Nov.  20 — The  final  plans  for  the  new 
Porcupine  railroad  have  been  completed 
and  men  are  now  engaged  in  cutting  out 
the  right-of-way.  The  junction  with  the 
Temiskaming  &  Northern  Ontario  will  be 
between  mileposts  224  and  225,  where 
there  is  a  good  site  for  a  town.  Ar- 
rangements are  being  made  for  a  new 
townsite  at  the  Porcupine  end,  where  the 
railroad   company   will   erect  a  hotel. 

Surface  prospecting  on  the  Nipissing 
has  been  stopped  for  this  season.  In  all 
167,446  ft.  of  work  has  been  accomplished, 
all  in  the  conglomerate  and  Keewatin 
formations,  with  the  result  that  two  high-  , 
grade  veins  were  found  in  the  former, 
and  II  veins,  six  of  which  carried  high- 
grade  ore  were  found  in  the  Keewatin. 
At  the  end  of  the  season  the  following 
acreage  still  remains  unrsospected:  Con- 
glomerate, 123  acres;  Keewatin,  10  acres, 
and  Diabase,  225  acres.  During  Septem- 
ber this  company  produced  351,349  oz. 
of  silver,  having  a  value  of  $185,219. 

London 

Nov.  15 — Shareholders  in  New  Klein- 
fontein,  hitherto  one  of  the  steadiest  pro- 
ducers on  the  Rand,  have  been  unpleas- 
antly reminded  of  the  uncertainties  of 
even  Rand  mining  by  the  sudden  drop  in 
the  market  value  of  their  shares  from 
50s.  to  40s.,  while  other  shares  in  the 
same  field  remained  steady.  For  the 
two  years  the  annual  dividend  has 
amounted  to  20  or  25  per  cent.,  and  the 
market  value  of  the  shares  has  been 
steady.  The  cause  of  the  sudden  drop  in 
the  latter  could  not  be  attributed  to  any 
general  market  depression.  It  became 
evident,  however,  when  an  official  state- 
ment was  subsequently  published,  notify- 
ing that  the  grade  of  ore  crushed  was  to 
be  reduced  from  7'-j  to  7  dwt.,  a  reduc- 
tion of  20  per  cent,  in  the  profits  to  be 
won  from  over  a  million  tons  in  sight. 
Shareholders  have  a  right  to  feel  ag- 
grieved at  the  first  intimation  of  some- 
thing being  wrong  coming  through  the 
fall  in  the  market  price  of  the  shares, 
showing  that  some  persons  must  have  had 
information  of  the  purport  of  the  official 
statement  before  it  was  made  public. 


Mexico  City 
Nov.  16 — The  National  Railways  has 
restored  the  former  2-peso  switching 
charge  rescinding  the  5-peso  rate  which 
practically  prohibited  the  movement  of 
ore  in  some  of  the  low-grade  camps.  The 
order  particularly  affected  the  Parral  dis- 
trict which  is  now  again  active,  due  to  the 
completion  of  large  cyanide  mills  to  treat 
the  low-grade  ore. 


1076 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


*fr 


X       X 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


ISS^=3 


X 


Peports  of  New  Enterprises,  Nov  Machinery, 
Inst  allations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining" 


Alaska 

For  the  first  10  months  of  1910  there 
has  been  received  in  Alaskan  gold  at  the 
Seattle  branch  of  the  U.  S.  Assay  Office, 
$9,353, 145»  all  of  which  has  b^en  pro- 
duced in  the  placer  fields  of  the  north. 
This  is  divided  as  follows:  Nome, 
53,482,548;  Tanana,  S4,141.407;  Iditarod. 
S787.497;  elsewhere  in  Alaska,  5803,620. 

Latouche — The  largest  copper-ore 
shipment  from  the  Cordova  section  was 
recently  made  from  the  Latouche  mines. 
I*  consisted  of  1800  tons. 

Alaska  United — For  the  month  ended 
Oct.  15  total  crushing  of  the  R.  B.  and 
700  mills  was  35,087  tons,  total  produc- 
tion $86,237,  total  net  operating  profit 
$23,726.  The  ore  averaged  per  ton  $2,198 
and  52.39. 


Cochise  County 

Directors  of  the  Calumet  &  Arizona 
and  Superior  &  Pittsburg  met  at  Calumet, 
Mich.,  Nov.  23  to  consider  merger  plans. 

Gila  County 

Ray  Consolidated — According  to  Presi- 
dent Aldrich,  of  this  company,  the  ex- 
penditure for  development  and  equipment 
by  Jan.  1,  1911,  will  amount  to  56,000,000, 
and  when  all  is  completed,  the  total  will 
be  between  $7,500,000  and  $8,000,000. 
The  latter  figure  will  be  relatively  low, 
even  if  the  plant  now  under  construction 
able  to  produce  the  80,000.000  lb.  of  cop- 
per annually  that  is  contemplated. 

S.'\NTA  Cruz  County 

Elephant  Head — This  property,  in  the 
Santa   Rita   mountains,   will   be   operated 
'by  Benjamin  Daniels,  of  Nogales. 

Yavapai  County 

Glare — The  group  on  the  Hassayampa, 
about  12  miles  above  Wickcnberg,  has 
been  optioned  to  Browne  &  Myers.  Rob- 
ert H.  Browne  will  assume  charge. 

United  Verde  Extension — The  company 
has  ordered  from  Los  Angeles  a  72.000- 
gal.  per  day  pump.  The  mine  is  now  mak- 
ing from  20,000  to  22,000  gal.  of  water 
per  day. 

Hull — At  the  annual  meeting,  Oct.  3. 
G.  W.  Hull,  president,  reported  that  the 
company  had  run  250  ft.  during  the  year. 
The  directors  were  authorized  to  raise 
money  by  bonds  or  notes,  to  cover  the 
indebtedness  of  547.724,  mainly  due  to 
the  president,  and  for  working  expenses. 


California 

Amador  County 

Hardenbnrg — The  shaft  started  on  this 
mine,  east  of  the  old  one,  will  be  sunk 
to   2000   feet,   with   three    compartments. 

Central  Eureka — Four  levels  have  been 
opened  in  this  Sutter  Creek  mine,  show- 
ing enough  ore  to  keep  the  20  stamps 
going. 

Lincoln — In  reopening  this  mine  at  Sut- 
ter Creek,  an  immense  amount  of  water 
has  been  removed,  as  it  is  connected  with  . 
both  the  W'ildman  and  Mahoney  prop- 
erties. The  shaft  has  now  been  cleared 
240  ft.  An  electrically  driven  turbine 
pump  is  in  use. 

Butte  County 
After   prospecting   the    ground    on    the 
Speedway    park    section,    south    of    Oro- 
ville,   it   was    found    that   there    was   not 
enough  gold  to  warrant  a  dredge. 

Calaveras  County 
North  Star — At   this   property,   at   An- 
gels, the  company  is  installing  a  20-stamp 
mill. 

Gold  Cliff — A  20-stamp  mill  has  been 
completed  at  this  mine,  at  Angels,  owned 
by   the    Utica  company. 

Waterman — High-grade  ore  has  been 
recently  struck  in  this  mine  at  Angels, 
under  bond  to  J.   F.  Curtis,  of  Stockton. 

Eldorado  County 
Starkey — This    mine,    near    Omo,    has 
been    purchased   by   Charles   Edner  and 
A.  G.  Kullburg,  and  is  being  developed. 

Fresno  County 

Fresno  Magnesite  Company — The  com- 
pany has  commenced  operations.  A  ware- 
house, 150x35  ft.,  has  been  finished;  the 
new  crushing  plant  is  working  satisfac- 
torily.    F.  R.  Bachler  is  manager. 

Eliza  Jane — At  this  gold  mine,  Hughes 
creek,  a  20-ton  cyanide  plant  has  been 
installed.     J.   Hoxie   is   manager. 

Hu.mboldt  County 
Humboldt     Copper     Company  —  After 
much  prospecting  this  company,  at  Horse 
mountain,  has  found  what  is  believed  to 
be  the  main  vein  of  copper  ore. 

Inyo  County 
Villareal — In  doing  assessment  on  the 
property  of  this  company,  15  miles  south 
of  Keeler,  a  20-ft.  vein  of  silver-lead  ore 
has  been  found,  thought  to  be  on  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  Cerro  Gordo  silver-lead 
belt. 

Mendocino  County 
Harold    Ravcnholdt    has    bonded     the 


Davidson  ranch,  three  miles  west  of 
Willits  and  commenced  development  on 
a   gold-silver   vein. 

Mono  County 

Leasers  on  the  Blind  Spring  Hill  mine, 
at  Benton,  have  made  a  strike  in  the  old 
workings.  The  cyanide  plant  of  Reming- 
ton, Musser  &  Eaton  has  been  completed. 

Casa  Diablo — A  cyanide  plant  and  a 
tube  mill  are  being  provided  for  this  mine, 
25  miles  from  Benton. 

Nevada   County  I 

Arctic — This  mine,  at  Washington,  will  ' 
be  opened  by  Los  Angeles  men  with  J.  P. 
Flint  in  charge.    A  new  lower  tunnel  will    , 
be   run. 

Coon — This  mine,  at  Nevada  City,  has 
been  bonded  to  C.  D.  McGonigal  and  a 
new  shaft  will  be  sunk.  A  10-stamp  mill 
is  being  built  and  machinery  placed  on 
the  shaft. 

Zeibright — At  this  property.  Bear  Val- 
ley district,  J.  H.  Patrick,  superintendent, 
the  men  are  taking  out  ore  to  keep  the 
10-stamp  mill  busy,  and  a  larger  mill  is 
talked  of. 

Cassidy — A  shoot  of  pay  ore  has  been 
found  in  the  250  level  of  this  Grass  Val- 
ley  mine,  adjoining  the   Empire. 

Placer  County 
Evening  Star — At  this  mine,  near  Au- 
burn, being  reopened  by  W.  H.  Gallagher 
and    Wheeler    Riley,    new     hoisting     and 
pumping  plants  have  been  installed. 

Plumas  County 

The  Sunnyside,  Nelson  Creek,  has  de- 
veloped a  rich  body  of  gravel  in  a  tunnel 
975  ft.  in  length.  In  the  Burnham  claim 
a  shaft  is  being  sunk  to  bedrock  to  find 
its  depth,  with  a  view  of  starting  a  tunnel 
to  open  the  Sunnyside  channel  on  the 
west.  The  Gibraltar  company  has  a 
300-ft.  shaft  to  bedrock  from  which  it 
is  running  a  tunnel  for  the  gravel  chan- 
nel. A  number  of  copper  claims  have 
been  located  in  this  section  recently. 
Peter  Spaich,  in  drifting  an  old  hydraulic 
claim  on  the  creek,  has  struck  gravel  of 
high    grade. 

Engells  Brothers  and  associates  who 
have  been  building  a  100-ton  copper 
smeltery  near  Greenville,  Plumas  county, 
have  it  nearly  completed.  The  copper 
found  in  that  vicinity  is  of  high  grade 
but  distance  from  transportation  facilities 
has  kept  the  mines  from  being  developed. 
Now  that  the  Western  Pacific  railroad  Is 
running  through  the  county,  machinery 
may  be  brought  in  and  ores  carried  out. 
The   smeltery    and    mines    are    about    16 


November  26,  1910. 


THE   ENGINHERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1077 


miles  from  Keddie  on  the  Western  Pa- 
i    cific.     The  section  around  Greenville  and 

Indian  Valley  has  many  copper  veins  and 
-  on  some  of  these  development  has  been 
i    going  on  for  some  time. 

Sacra.mento  County 
\atomas  Consolidated — The  pit  has 
been  commenced  in  the  Rebel  Hill  sec- 
tion of  the  Folsom  field  for  the  dredge 
Natomas  No.  9.  which  will  be  of  the 
largest  size. 

San  Bernadino  County 
Orang,e     Blosiom — John     Denair     has 
bought   this   property,   near   Bagdad,    for 
S23,638    from    the    trustee.      San    Diego 
capital  will  develop  the  property. 

Sierra  County 
Kate  Hardy—The  Los  .Angeles  men 
who  had  the  bond  on  this  mine,  at  Al- 
leghany, have  failed  in  their  payments 
iiid  it  has  reverted  to  its  owners,  Wil- 
■liam   Beggs   and   Captain   Morrell. 

Chipps — At  this  property,  Sierra  City, 
,.    H.    Holley,    superintendent,    the    new 
ID-stamp    mill    has    been    started. 
Tuolumne  County 

Ida  Kline — At  this  mine,  near  Stent, 
mder  bond  to  Louis  Beddig,  grading  is 
m  progress  for  a  20-stamp  mill. 

Tarantula — Work  on  the  20-stamp  mill 
5  well  under  way  and  a  small  force  of 
len   is   working   in   the    mine. 

Manganate — A  Sacramento  company 
as  taken  a  large  block  of  stock  in 
le  Central  Mother  Lode  Mining  Com- 
any,  owning  this  mine,  and  it  is  ex- 
ected  that   work   will  be  resumed. 


Colorado 

In  the  early  part  of  1910,  the  building 
four  small  smelteries  in'different  parts 
Colorado  was  noticed  in  the  .[ournal, 
ith  the  prediction  that  they  would  prob- 
ily  "die  aborning."  Two  have  already 
ine  so:  the  Modern  smeltery,  at  Utah 
inction,  and  now  comes  word  that  the 
jnzel  smeltery,  at  Buena  Vista,  which 
Ivertised  so  largely  all  through  the 
in  Juan  region,  has  passed  into  the 
nds  of  a  receiver  appointed  by  the 
laffee  County  district  court.  The  Part- 
Ige  hot-blast  smelting  furnace  and  the 
aim  process  are  now  aspirants  for 
-ognition. 

The  county  of  San  Miguel  is  producing 

nadium  ore   from   a  deposit   which  e\- 

iids  from  Newmire  to  Brown,  on  the  Rio 

rande    Southern,     about     10     miles     in 

igth,  and  it  is  reported  that  represen- 

jtives  of  foreign  steel  works  have,  dur- 

~  the  last  six  weeks,  arrived  at  Tellur- 

and  are  busy  looking  up  the  vanad- 

^n   deposits   on    the    San    Miguel    river 

yd  Fall  creek. 

Boulder  County 
White  Ra^'en— In  this  mine,   at   Ward, 
strike  is  reported   of  native-silver  ore, 
high   in   gold. 


Caribou  -\f/hat  is  believed  to  be  the 
Eureka  vein  of  this  historic  group  (cred- 
ited with  a  production  of  10,000,000  oz. 
of  silver  in  the  early  days)  has  been  in- 
tersected by  a  tunnel  1100  ft.  in  the 
mountain,  and  at  700  ft.  below  the 
surface.  Four  feet  of  ore  was  struck 
worth  $35  to  $40  per  ton. 

Wolf  Tongue — This  mine  is  said  to  be 
shipping  car  lots  of  60  per  cent,  tungsten 
concentrates  from  the  mill  at  Nederland. 

Clear  Creek  County 

Refugee — One  hundred  tons  of  ore 
from  this  property,  which  is  worked 
through  the  Central  tunnel  have  been 
shipped  by  Downing  &  Co.,  lessees,  to  the 
Hudson  mill.  It  gave  returns  of  $16.50 
per  ton  net.  There  are  800  tons  of  ore 
broken  in  the  mine,  and  ready  for  ship- 
ment. 

Albro — One  hundred  tons  from  this 
mine  have  just  been  received  and  treated 
at  the  Jackson  mill,  and  it  gave  returns 
of  S12  per  ton   net. 

Standard — In  this  mine,  on  Fall  river, 
under  lease  to  Straub  &  Co.,  it  is  reported 
that  3  ft.  of  ore.  worth  S60  per  ton, 
has  been  opened,  and  shipments  will 
commence  at  once. 

Treasure  Vault — The  last  clean  up  on 
this  mine  realized  $3147  for  the  lessees. 
It  will  now  be  operated  on  company  ac- 
count. Angus  Sutherland  is  superinten- 
dent. 

Revenue — Lewis  Rebo,  leasing  this 
mine,  on  Silver  mountain,  has  opened  an 
18-in.  streak  of  ore  said  to  carry  400  oz. 
silver  per  ton,  and  18  per  cent,  copper. 

Red  Oak — In  the  Asteroid  mine  of  this 
company,  on  Democrat  mountain,  the 
lessee  is  stated  to  have  made  a  strike  of 
2  ft.  of  lead  ore,  assaying  400  oz.  silver 
per  ton. 

Shatter- — A  foot  in  width  of  ore  yield- 
ing $150  per  ton  has  just  been  opened 
ir  this  mine  by  Schreiber  &  Co.,  lessees. 

Old  Town — In  October,  ore  was  ship- 
ped from  this  mine,  which  yielded  $3000 
to  Pike  &  Co.,  leasers.  Hutchings  & 
Co.,  leasing  on  the  same  mine,  are  ship- 
ping a  carload  a  week,  which  runs  S50 
per  ton  at  the  smeltery. 

Lake  County — Leadville 

The  Portland  Gold  Mining  Company 
has  notified  Cripple  Creek  shippers  that 
the  old  treatment  rates  will  be  restored, 
as  it  has  been  found  there  was  no  profit 
in  treating  custom  ores  at  the  charges  in 
effect  during  the  last  few  weeks. 

Stevens — In-  mining  the  carbonate  ot 
zinc  discovered  a  month  ago  Thoma.s 
Smith,  lessee,  is  reported  to  have  run  into 
4   ft.  of  ore  carrying  60  per  cent.  lead. 

Dunkin — A  cave  in  this  mine,  on  Fry- 
er hill,  exposed  a  body  of  sand  carbon- 
ates, carrying  60  per  cent.  lead,  with  high 
silver. 


Aztec — Supplies  for  the  winter  are  be- 
ing sent  up  to  the  mine  in  South  Evans 
gulch,   and   a   shaft   is   being  sunk. 

Robert  Emmet — The  leasers  on  this 
mine,  in  Stray  Horse  gulch,  have  sus- 
pended zinc-ore  shipments  temporarily, in 
order  to  attack  the  ore  from  below,  and 
thus  extract  it  more  economically. 

Hill  Top-Last  Chance — In  this  mine.  In 
the  Horseshoe  district,  a  large  body  of 
high-grade  carbonate  of  zinc  has  been 
discovered.  Under  the  zinc  is  found  a 
lead  ore  running  well  in  gold  and  silver. 
John  Berger  is  the  leaser. 

Forest  City — W.  A.  Young,  lessee  of 
this  mine,  on  Carbonate  hill,  has  been 
shipping  steadily  from  a  body  of  iron 
ore,  in  developing  which  lead  ore  was 
uncovered,  running  well  in  silver. 

Tiger — In  mining  this  property,  in 
Sugar  Loaf,  in  the  early  '80s,  ore  that  did 
not  carry  $50  per  ton  was  thrown  over 
the  dump.  John  Herbert  has  now  se- 
cured a  lease  on  the  old  dumps,  and  has 
shipped  his  first  car. 

Yak — A  report  is  that  in  one  of  the 
properties  operated  through  this  tunnel 
a  body  of  sulphide  ore  has  been  opened 
from  60  to  70  ft.  wide,  with  heavy  string- 
ers of  silver  glance  all  through  it. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
Owing  to  the  largely  increased  ship- 
ments from  Leadville,  resulting  from  the 
discovery  of  bodies  of  zinc  ore,  the  short- 
age of  cars  has  caused  several  of  the 
companies  to  curtail  their  output. 

El  Paso — Rich  ore  continues  to  be 
struck  by  leasers  in  the  upper  levels  of 
this  mine,  and  it  is  stated  that  everything 
is  ready  to  split  the  casing  in  the  bore- 
hole at  the  bottom  of  the  main  shaft, 
which  releases  the  waters  into  the  deep- 
drainage  tunnel,  and  unwaters  the  lower 
levels  of  the  mine,  where  the  richest  ore 
is  said  to  be. 

Golden  Cycle — The  statement  is  now 
made  that  this  company,  which. paid  its 
last  dividend  in  1905,  will  pay  a  dividena 
of  Ic.  per  share  next  month.  The  mine 
is  credited  with  having  a  treasury  reserve 
of  $1,500,000.  A  large  amount  has  been 
spent  in  development  and  surface  im- 
provements. 

Indiana 

Monroe  County 
The  Standard  Oil  Company  has  ob- 
tained leases  on  5000  acres  near  Elliotts- 
ville  and  is  putting  down  test  wells.  The 
prices  paid  for  two-year  leases  ranged 
from  $200  down,  the  landowner  to  re- 
ceive the  usual  royalty  of  's  of  the  pro- 
duction. 

Vigo  County 
The  Mines  Bureau  mine-rescue  car  has 
created  considerable  interest  in  this  dis- 
trict. The  first-aids  methods  are  so 
practical  and  successful  as  to  occasion 
the  Terre   Haute   fire  department  to  take 


1078 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


steps  to  adopt  the  helmet  supplied  with 
oxygen  for  rescue  work  of  persons  in- 
side of  burning  buildings. 

About  1000  miners  employed  in  the 
WabaSh,  Riverside,  Lower  Vein  and  Pitts- 
burg mines  refused  to  work  several  days 
last  week  because  the  train  on  which  they 
rr;ade  their  daily  trips  to  and  from  the 
mines  was  not  heated.  The  operators 
say  the  miners  will  be  fired  under  the 
agreement  for  striking  where  no  notice 
or  complaint  is  given  of  a  grievance.  The 
train  is  now  being  heated  and  the  miners 
have  returned  to  work. 

Warrick  County 
Menden — Fire  which  has  been  burning 
for  three  days  threatens  to  destroy  this 
coal  mine,  on  the  Southern  railroad  three 
miles  west  of  Booneville.  The  fire  was 
found  near  the  main  sump  when  miners 
were  ready  to  descend.  Attempts  to  get 
near  it  with  an  extinguisher  failed. 
The  mine  was  immediately  sealed,  and 
the  only  hope  now  is  that  the  fire  will  be 
smothered.  C.  H.  Menden,  proprietor  of 
the  mine,  has  asked  for  the  assistance  of 
the  United  States  mine-rescue  car  and 
experts  now  in  Indiana.  The  Menden 
mine  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  southern  In- 
diana and  employs  a  large  number  of 
miners. 


Michigan 
Copper 

Oncco — Preparations  are  being  made 
to  unwater  the  shaft,  preparatory  to  re- 
sumption of  sinking.  This  shaft  was  op- 
ened a  number  of  years  ago  to  500  ft. 
and  owing  to  the  difference  in  the  pitch 
of  the  shaft  and  that  of  the  formation  it 
pased  out  of  the  lode.  Cores  from  great- 
er depth  show  the  formation  well  min- 
eralized. 

Houghton — The  shaft  at  this  property 
is  down  about  100  ft.,  sinking  in  the  foot- 
wall  of  the  Baltic  lode,  and  the  forma- 
tion is  so  badly  broken  that  it  is  neces- 
sary to  keep  lining  the  shaft  with  con- 
crete as  sinking  progresses. 

Gratiot — This  subsidiary  company  of 
the  Calumet  &  Hecia  continues  rock 
shipment  to  the  mill  from  the  openings 
of  No.  1  shaft  and  the  stock  pile  of  No. 
2.  No.  I  shaft  is  sinking  on  the  Kear- 
sarge  lode  below  the  17th  level;  the  two 
lowest  drifts,  13th  and  15th  levels,  are 
opening  a  good  grade  of  rock. 

Hancock — The  surface  equipment  at 
this  company's  No.  2  shaft  will  be  com- 
pleted within  the  next  few  weeks  and  rock 
shipment  will  begin  to  one  of  the  mills 
in  the  district,  probably  the  AUouez-Cen- 
tennial  or  the  Franklin,  after  Jan.  1.  The 
openings  on  the  No.  3  lode  tributary  to 
No.  1  shaft  continue  encouraging;  a  winze 
on  this  lode  is  sinking  below  the  18th 
level. 

Isle  /?o}'<i/(;— Exploratory  work  at  "A" 
shaft  on  the  Baltic-Superior  lode  con- 
tinues in  the  form  of  drilling.     The  third 


hole  from  the  700- ft.  level  is  under  way; 
this  hole  is  being  driven  westward.  The 
first  hole  was  driven  eastward  to  the 
sandstone  without  showing  copper  and  the 
second  was  sunk  for  a  distance  on  the 
formation    without    revealing   copper. 

La  Salle — The  company  has  discon- 
tinued operations  at  its  No.  5  shaft  (No. 
1  shaft  on  the  Caldwell  tract),  condition 
at  that  point  being  unsatisfactory.  Op- 
erations continue  at  No.  1  shaft,  which 
is  down  below  the  19th  level  with  good 
ground  being  opened  tributary  to  it,  and 
at  No.  2  shaft  down  about  1000  ft.  Rock 
shipments  of  about  150  tons  of  rock  daily 
are  being  made  to  the  AUouez-Centen- 
nial  mill. 

Senea!— Drifting  at  the  920-ft.  level 
shows  a  very  good  run  of  copper  rock. 
This  is  encouraging  as  the  openings  above 
this  point  have  failed  to  reveal  anything. 

Montana 

Butte  District 

Anaconda — The  new  Gagnon  shaft  is 
now  down  1050  ft.  An  air  hoist  is  be- 
ing used  for  sinking.  At  the  Tramway 
mine  the  daily  shipments  now  average 
about  1150  tons,  while  from  the  Rarus, 
which  a  year  ago  was  producing  about 
700  tons  daily. 

La  France — The  Lexington  mine  and 
the  dry  concentrator  have  both  been  shut 
down  for  nearly  a  year,  up  to  which  pe- 
riod leasers  were  working  in  the  mine. 
The  Lexington  contains  a  large  body  of 
zinc  ore  which  may  possibly  be  mined 
when  the  Butte  &  Superior  company's 
proposed  concentrator  is  erected. 

Butte  &  Superior — The  east  side  of  the 
main  hoist,  which  was  wrecked,  has  been 
repaired  and  both  sides  are  now  in  use. 
About  450  tons  are  being  shipped  daily. 
The  latter  part  of  October,  a  1000-ton 
shipment  was  made  to  the  Butte  Reduc- 
tion Works  for  test,  but  no  information 
concerning  the  results  has  been  given. 
Plans  for  the  500-ton  concentrator  have 
been  completed.  The  mill  will  be  built 
just  below  the  present  surface  plant  on 
an  incline.  For  water  supply  the  flow  from 
the  North  Butte  Extension  shaft  will  be 
utilized  as  well  as  several  surface  ap- 
propriations. 

Butte  Central — The  sinking  the  shaft 
500  ft.  deeper  has  begun. 

Broadwater  County 
Keating — The  new  shaft  is  down  600 
ft.  and  a  drift  is  being  run  from  the  bot- 
tom. Ore  is  being  hoisted  from  the  500- 
ft.  level  and  on  the  400-ft.  level  the  drift 
is  in  over  1000  ft.  from  the  shaft.  Dur- 
ing October  daily  shipments  averaged  100 
tons,  averaging  SIO  per  ton.  The  electric 
power  in  use  has  materially  cut  down 
operating  expenses  but  the  ore  is  still 
being  hauled  14  miles  by  team.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  a  railroad  will  be  built  which 
will  connect  directly  with  the  mine. 


Granite  County 

Southern  Cross — The  management 
states  that  the  mill  at  Georgetown,  now 
being  overhauled,  will  be  ready  Nov.  23. 
The  mill  is  being  remodeled  under  the  di- 
rection of  John  Randall  and  the  Moore 
filter  process  is  bemg  installed.  The  mill 
will  have  a  capacity  of  150  tons  daily  and 
will  first  treat  the  ore  on  the  dump.  ■ 

Jefferson   County  ■ 

Corbin  Copper — Pres.  Stephen  R.  Dow 
reports  that  the  concentrator  is  op- 
erating satisfactorily  and  that  it  will  be 
run  continuously  as  soon  as  the  Bonanza 
workings  are  connected  with  the  Dewey. 
The  Bertha  vein  has  been  cut  at  900  ft. 
and  is  6  ft.  wide  and  shows  good  ore. 
This  is  the  deepest  work  in  the  camp. 
About  14,000  ft.  of  tunnel  has  been 
driven. 

Lewis  and  Clark  County 

At  the  Flora  mine  in  the  Lump  Gulch 
district  work  of  deepening  the  shaft  will 
be  begun  shortly  and  when  completed 
shipping  will  begin.  The  shaft  on  the 
Hope  Quartz  claim,  down  300  ft.,  will  be 
sunk  100  ft.  At  the  property  of  the  Pro- 
gress Mining  Company,  which  acquired 
the  Towsley  group  north  of  Marysville, 
eight  men  are  extending  the  main  tunnel. 
A  mill  is  planned. 

Caroline  Mining  Company — Prepara- 
tions are  being  made  to  sink  a  500-ft. 
shaft  on  the  property  in  Grizzley  Park, 
near  Helena. 


Nevada 

Churchill  County 
Nevada^Wonder — This  company  in  its 
annual  reports  announces  that  contracts 
for  a  100-ton  mill  and  for  power  have 
been  let.  An  issue  of  $300,000  of  6 
per  cent,  convertible  bonds  has  been  au- 
thorized to  meet  due  obligations  and  for 
working  capital.  The  property  is  al 
Wonder.     C.  A.  Higbee  is  president. 

White   Pine   County 
Giroux — Pres.  T.  F.  Cole  announced  in 
Ely-  that  the    company    would    erect    a 
smelting  plant  in  the  district  to  treat  the 
Giroux   ore. 

Nevada  Consolidated — At  a  special 
meeting  of  the  directors  S.  W.  Eccles  was 
elected  president,  succeeding  James  Phil- 
lips, Jr.,  and  D.  C.  Jackling  was  elected 
vice-president.  Executive  committee  now  ■ 
consists  of  S.  W.  Eccles,  Murray  Guggen-  , 
heim,  C.  M.  MacNeill,  Charles  Hayden, 
S.  R.  Guggenheim.  Daniel  Guggenheim 
was  elected  chairman  of  the  board  of 
Nevada  Northern  Railway  Company. 
S.  W.  Eccles  was  elected  president,  and 
D.   C.  Jackling  vice-president. 

New  Jersey 

Pahaquarry  Copper  Company— Vms 
company,  operating  at  Calno,  Warren 
county,  is  making  preparations  to  start  a 
200-ton  concentrator,  just  completed.  The 


November  26.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1079 


concentrator  has  been  electrically 
equipped.  George  O.  Deshler,  Dumtield, 
is  engineer  in  charge. 

New  Mexico 
China — Hayden,  Stone  &  Co.,  say: 
"The  report  for  October  shows  an  in- 
crease during  the  month  of  1,293,038  tons 
of  "fully"  developed  ore,  and  433,445 
tons  of  "partially"  developed  ore,  a  total 
of  1,726,483  tons.  The  increase  in  the 
tonnage  was  mostly  in  the  Hearst-Air 
Shaft-Carasco  section,  and  the  new  holes 
on  which  this  increase  was  based  were  in 
unusually  rich  ground,  so  that  the  in- 
crease of  1,726.000  tons  raised  the  grade 
of  the  whole  orebody  from  2.58  per  cent, 
to  2.60  per  cent.  The  company  has  now 
a  total  of  30,671,827  tons  of  ore,  aver- 
aging 2.60  per  cent,  copper.  The  com- 
pany has,  to  date,  drilled  364  holes,  with  a 
total  footage  of  over  130,000  feet." 

Grant  County 

Pinos  Altos — The  timbering  in  the 
Hearst  shaft  took  fire  on  Nov.  7  and  en- 
dangered the  men  below  for  a  time.  The 
Altos  Pinos  is  under  option  to  Corrigan, 
McKinney  &  Co.,  of  Cleveland,  and  was 
recently  inspected  by  James  Corrigan, 
Captain  Murray  and  R.  B.  Hutchinson. 
Otero  County 

At  Oro  Grande  the  placer  plant  on  the 
Boston-Jarilla  company  is  being  operated 
by  J.  J.  Murray.  Steam  scrapers  are  in 
use  to  move  the  gravel.  The  Eureka  com- 
pany of  Boston  is  sinking  on  the  Mollie 
Gibson  and  Amarillo.  An  iron  property 
near  Oro  Grande  is  being  explored. 


Oregon 


Baker   County 
Mormon  Boy — This  property  has  been 
leased  to  Sidney  Love,  of  Sumpter.  who 
will   start   development   at   once. 


South  Dakota 
Portland — Superintendent  H.  S.  Vin- 
cent announces  that  the  company  may 
operate  the  recently  required  American 
Eagle  cyanide  mill  after  Jan.  1.  Addi- 
tional filtering  and  slime  capacity  will  be 
added. 


Tennessee 
Tennessee  Copper — The  company  will 
issue  SI, 500,000  6  per  cent,  first  mortgage 
bonds,  authorized  by  stockholders  at  a 
special  meeting.  This  will  retire  all  its 
outstanding  obligations,  and  place  addi- 
tional working  capital  in  the  treasury. 

Utah 
Iron  County 
A  large  amount  of  assessment  work  is 
being  done  on  claims  between  Deer  Lodge 
and  Gold  Springs  this  year.  A  boom  is 
being  looked  for  in  the  district,  on  ac- 
count of  the  successful  operation  of  the 
power  plant  of  the  Cold  Springs  Mining 


and  Power  Company.  It  is  expected  that 
much  new  work  will  be  started. 

Gold  Springs  Mining  and  Power — Al- 
though there  was  some  difficulty  in  start- 
ing operations,  the  power  plant  at  Modena 
is  reported  to  be  working  smoothly.  The 
new  equipment  at  the  Jennie  mine  and 
mill  is  in  use.  About  60  tons  of  ore  a 
day  running  around  S7  in  gold  and  silver 
is  being  sent  through  the  mill,  and  this 
tonnage  will  be  increased.  A  cleanup  of 
100  oz.  of  amalgam  per  day,  averaging 
S2  to  S4  per  ounce,  is  reported.  The  tail- 
ings from  the  Nissen  stamps  and  plates 
are  treated  in  the  cyanide  plant.  A  cross- 
cut is  being  driven  west  on  the  300-ft. 
level  to  the  Talisman  vein,  the  outcrop 
of  which  can  be  traced  for  over  1000  ft. 
Ore  running  as  high  as  $30  per  ton  has 
been  found  in  the  main  vein  on  the  300. 

Iris — G.  Pray  Smith,  who  formerly  op- 
erated the  Horseshoe  mine  at  Fay.  has  in- 
terested Eastern  capital  in  this  property 
at  Deer  Lodge.  Development  is  being 
done. 

Horseshoe — A  mill  test  is  being  made 
on  1000  tons  of  tailings  by  E.  E.  Fuller. 
Juab  County 

Black  Jack — The  strike  of  copper  ore 
recently  made  on  the  1000-ft.  level  is  be- 
ing drifted  on  to  the  south.  The  ore  was 
cut  about  100  ft.  south  of  the  Opohongo 
line.  Drifting  is  also  being  done  in  the 
direction  of  the  latter  property.  At  the 
monthly  meeting  the  report  showed  that 
there  was  still  money  on  hand,  and  it  was 
decided  not  to  levy  an  assessment. 

North  Iron  Blossom — Work  was  com- 
menced during  the  week  on  these  claims 
which  adjoin  the  Beck  iron  mine  in  the 
north  end  of  the  district. 

Emerald — It  is  reported  that  negotia- 
tions are  being  made  for  the  operation  of 
this  property  via  the  2000-ft.  level  of  the 
Opex. 

Eureka-Comstock — This  company  is 
being  organized  to  hold  a  group  of  6 
claims  between  Eureka  and  Homansville. 
The  ground  adjoins  the  North  Colorado. 

Iron  Blossom — A  drift  is  being  driven 
on  the  500-ft.  level  of  the  No.  3  workings, 
to  get  under  the  cave  recently  encount- 
ered. Exploration  has  shown  silver-lead 
ore  in  the  bottom  of  the  cave.  The  500 
is  expected  io  reach  the  ground  in  ques- 
tion soon. 

Crown  Point — The  shaft  is  down  105 
ft.,  which  finishes  the  first  contract.  An- 
other contract  has  been  given  for  sinking 
to  the  200-ft.  level. 

Uncle  Sam — The  gross  value  of  ore 
marketed  in  October  is  reported  to  have 
been  over  S20,000.  For  the  last  two 
months  the  company  has  earned  about  3c. 
a  share  so  that  the  quarterly-dividend  re- 
quirements of  2c.  a  share  are  being  more 
than  met.  There  are  five  faces  of  ship- 
ping ore. 

Tintic  Standard — In  a  raise  from  the 
700  level,  14  in.  of  carbonate  ore,  show- 


ing some  galena,  has  been  opened.  On 
the  same  level  450  ft.  south  of  the  shaft 
a  fissure  showing:  copper  staining  is  be- 
ing followed.  Two  shifts  are  at  work  on 
the  1000-ft.  level  drifting  for  the  contact 
of  limestone  and  quartzite. 

Yankee — Work  is  being  done  on  an 
iron  capping,  which  is  thought  to  be  the 
top  of  an  orebody  extending  across  the 
Uncle  Sam  and  Beck  tunnel.  The  rron 
carries  gold   and   silver. 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell — Stations  have  been 
completed  at  the  700  and  800  levels,  so 
that  prospecting  can  be  carried  on  above 
the  orebody,  which  u-as  developed  on  the 
1000-ft.  level.  Work  will  be  started  here 
as  soon  as  possible.  Timbering  of  the 
new  shaft  is  in  progress. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Utah  Leasing — The  new  cyanide  mill 
of  this  company  at  Bingham  has  been 
delayed  about  a  month  by  the  nonarrival 
of  a  tube  mill.  This  is  now  on  the  ground, 
and  work  will  be  started  soon.  The  com- 
pany has  a  lease  on  the  Telegraph  mine, 
and  has  a  large  tonnage  of  silicious  gold- 
silver  ore  blocked,  which  runs  in  the 
neighborhood  of  S8  per  ton. 

Eagle  Bird — A  small  streak  of  ore 
carrying  free  gold  is  reported  in  the  face 
of  the  242-ft.  tunnel.  The  property  is  in 
Harker's  cation,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Oquirrh  range  between  Bingham  and 
Garfield. 

Columbus  Consolidated — A  report  on 
present  mine  conditions  sent  to  stock- 
holders, with  the  notice  of  assessment 
No.  4  for  10c.  per  share,  says  the  assess- 
ment was  levied  for  the  purpose  of  pay- 
ing off  part  of  the  present  indebtedness, 
and  for  carrying  on  future  development. 
The  ore  developed  is  too  low-grade  to  pay 
actual  operating  expenses.  For  the  last 
year  the  company  has  barely  paid  ex- 
penses, and  has  not  been  able  to  con- 
tinue development  which  should  have 
been  done.  At  present  development  only 
will  be  attempted,  until  the  mine  is  in 
shape  to  start  a  steady  production.  Two 
drifts  are  being  run  east  of  the  No.  3 
shaft  on  the  400-ft.  level  in  new  territory. 
This  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  large 
Coh;mbus  fault,  and  it  is  hoped  to  find  a 
continuation  of  ore  which  was  opened  on 
the  upper  levels.  The  ground  is  very 
wet,  but  there  is  ample  pumping  capacity. 
A  strong  north  and  south  fissure  is  being 
followed.  If  results  arc  not  obtained  here 
drifting  east  will  be  started  for  the  con- 
tact of  the  white  and  black  limestone, 
on  which  the  principal  orebodies  have 
made  in  the  property. 

Columbus  Extension — A  new  find  of 
7  ft.  of  shipping  ore  is  reported  in  a  drift 
600  ft.  from  the  face  of  the  main  tunnel. 
A  small  stringer  was  drifted  on,  and 
opened  into  ore  when  the  contact  of  lime- 
stone and  quartzite  was  reached.  Ship- 
ping ore  also  is  being  mined  in  the  face 
of  the   4000-ft.   tunnel.     This   tunnel   is 


1080 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


being  run  to  get  under  the  Toledo  shaft, 
and  will  be  1200  ft.  deeper  than  the  low- 
est workings.  The  Toledo  is  accredited 
with  a  large  production  in  the  early  days 
of  Alta. 

Su.MMiT  County 

Daly  Wcs?— The  1900- ft.  level  is  re- 
ported to  have  been  in  ore  60  ft.,  and  the 
extent  of  the  body  has  not  been  deter- 
mined. It  is  said  to  be  a  better  grade  of 
milling  ore  than  the  Daly  West  average. 
The  drift  on  the  1550  level,  which  is  be- 
ing extended  toward  the  Anchor  shaft  of 
the  Daly-Judge  has  reached  the  Daly- 
Judge  line,  and  arrangements  have  been 
made  with  the  Daly  West  company  to 
continue  the  work  to  a  point  opposite,  or 
beyond  the  Anchor  shaft.  Connections 
will  be  made  by  the  Daly-Judge  by  cross- 
cutting  to  the  south  on  what  will  be  the 
Daly-Judge  1950-ft.  level.  The  face  of 
the  1550  is  in  -good  milling  ore  on  the 
Daly  fissure,  and  considerable  of  this  ore 
has  been  mined  in  Daly  West  ground. 
There  is  little  water  at  present,  but  pro- 
vision has  been  made  to  handle  a  heavy 
flow  at  any  time.  The  Ontario  drain  tun- 
nel is  also  being  extended  over  to  the 
Daly-Judge  line.  This  will  correspond 
to  the  2500-ft.  level  of  the  Daly-Judge. 
During  October,  the  Daly  West  leasers 
are  reported  to  have  marketed  approxi- 
mately 1000  tons  of  first-class  ore. 

West  Qiiincy — A  statement  giving  de- 
tails of  the  merger  with  the  Thompson 
company  has  been  sent  to  stockholders. 
This  statement  says  that  approximately 
8180,000  has  been  expended  in  attempting 
to  develop  the  property.  The  West  Quincy 
company  owns  five-eighths  of  89,308 
acres,  which  will  be  combined  with  46,- 
576  acres  owned  by  Thompson  Mining 
Company.  The  allotment  of  Thompson- 
Quincy  stock  to  West  Quincy  sharehold- 
ers will  amount  to  285,890  shares.  The 
1200-ft.  level  of  the  Daly  West  will  be 
extended  to  the  lines  of  the  consolidated 
property  for  operating  purposes. 

Tooele  County 

Lion  Hill  Consolidated — Work  of  dis- 
mantling and  razing  the  old  Chloride 
Point  mill  is  in  progress.  What  material 
can  be  used  will  go  into  the  buildings  at 
the  mouth  of  Buffalo  tunnel.  Several 
buildings  on  Chloride  Point  ground  have 
already  been  removed  to  the  Buffalo  Con- 
solidated claims.  The  air  line  from  the 
Ophir  Hill  mill  has  been  completed. 

Cliff — According  to  Manager  Grant 
Snyder  development  has  demonstrated 
the  cftntinuity  of  the  ore  from  the  surface 
to  the  1500-ft.  level. 


Washington 
Asotin  County 

A.  A.  1 — This  company,  of  Asotin,  is 
planning  the  installation  of  machinery  on 
the  property  on  the  Grande  Ronde  river. 

Wild  Goose — Gold-washing  machinery 


will    be    installed     on     this     property    by 
James    Robinson,    Asotin,    owner. 

Ferry  County 

First  Thought  Extension — Development 
will  he  pushed  all  winter  on  this  property, 
of  which  Bert  Sharp,  Orient,  is  superin- 
tendent.    Buildings  are  being  erected. 

White  Elephant — Buildings  are  being 
erected  on  this  property,  and  machinery 
will  be  installed  m  the  spring.  It  is 
owned  by  the  Orient  Gold  Mines  Com- 
pany, Frank  Ashley,  Orient,  president. 

Summit — A  strike  is  reported  on  this 
property  in  the  Orient  district.  O.  D. 
Sanford   has   charge. 

King  County 
Laivson — An  explosion  at  this  mine, 
owned  by  the  Pacific  Coast  Coal  Com- 
pany, Black  Diamond,  resulted  in  the 
death  of  15  men  and  a  loss  of  the  prop- 
erty at  about  S250,000. 

Okanogan   County 

Ben  Harrison — Much  of  work  has  been 
planned  tor  this  property,  and  a  day  and 
night  crew  will  be  operated  all  winter. 
It  is  leased  to  the  Apex  Mining  Com- 
pany, and  is  under  the  management  of 
George  Edington,  of  Jeffersonville,  In- 
diana. 

Stevens  County 

Montezuma — A  20-ton  concentrator  will 
be  installed.  The  property  is  four  miles 
from  Chewelah,  and  owned  by  Warner 
Axelton. 

West  Virginia 
Braxton  County 

Braxton  Splint  Coal  Company — This  is 
one  of  the  largest  coal  companies  char- 
tered in  the  State  for  some  time.  The 
office  is  at  Gassaway;  it  will  operate  near 
Frametown,  and  in  addition  to  mining 
coal,  manufacturing  coke  and  building 
railroads  necessary  to  develop  the  prop- 
erty, will  drill  for  oil  and  gas.  The 
authorized  capital  is  $500,000.  The  in- 
corporators are  A.  H.  Fetzer,  of  Gallon, 
O.,  and  N.  Meiser,  D.  M.  Osborne  and 
others,  of  Cleveland,  O. 

Braxton  County  Coal  Company — Or- 
ganized by  New  York,  Philadelphia  and 
Pittsburg  parties  to  develop  40.000  acres 
coal  land.  The  plan  is  to  open  four 
drift  mines  with  a  daily  output  of  sev- 
eral thousand  tons  of  coal.  The  organizers 
are  represented  by  M.  P.  Kehoe,  502  Law 
building,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Marshall  County 
Panama — The  miners  of  this  company, 
of  Moundsville,  which  closed  recently, 
have  secured  a  lease  on  the  mine  and  will 
operate  it  for  a  while.  W.  G.  Cronk- 
v.'right,  general  manager  of  the  plant, 
stated  that  a  deal  with  the  Wheeling  Coal 
and  Coke  Company  has  been  on,  for  the 
past  few  weeks,  for  the  7000  acres  of 
coal  owned  by  the  company,  and  that  it 
will   probably  be   closed   in   a  short   time. 


Later  the  plant  will  be  purchased,  and 
the  whole  operated  by  a  new  company. 

Ben  Franklin  Coal  Company — This 
company,  with  M.  J.  McQuade,  of  Free- 
port  Penn.,  as  president,  will  develop  its 
7000  acres  of  land  recently  acquired.  The 
daily  capacity  of  the  company  is  1000 
tons  of  coal. 

Grave  Creek  Coal  and  Coke  Company 
— Incorporated  with  a  capital  of  S500,000. 
The  incorporators  are  J.  Cope,  W.  C. 
Biack,  D.  M.  Higginbotham,  W.  Jones  and 
J.  Kerr,  all  of  Uniontown,  Penn.  The 
company  owns  5000  acres  of  coal  land. 

Canada 

British  Columbia 

Hosmer — The  daily  output  of  coal  from 
the  colliery  of  the  Hosmer  Mines,  Ltd.,  in 
the  Crow's  Nest  Pass,  is  now  about  80O 
tons.  Preparations  are  being  made  for  in- 
ci easing  production.  A  coal  washery,  for 
cleaning  the  slack  coal  before  coking, 
has  been  completed. 

Princeton — k  contract  has  been  made 
to  supply  the  Hedley  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany with  10,000  tons  of  coal  from  the 
Princeton  colliery,  Similkameen,  from 
which  production  was  commenced  last 
year.  Plant  is  being  obtained  and  de- 
velopment work  done  to  bring  the  daily 
output  up  to  500  tons. 

Pacific  Coast — The  Pacific  Coast  Coal 
Mines,  Ltd.,  during  Nov.  made  its  record 
production,  one  day's  output  having  been 
in  excess  of  1000  tons.  The  company's 
South  Wellington  mine  has  only  been 
opened  about  two  years. 

Steamboat  Mountain — Gold  to  an  aver- 
age yield  of  S5  per  ton  has  been  found  in 
porphyry  dikes  in  the  new  mining  field 
named  Steamboat  Mountain.  Heretofore 
only  the  higher-grade  narrow  veins  were 
investigated,  but  now  the  porphyry  is  also 
receiving  attention. 

Northern  Partnership- — This  group  of 
gold-quartz  claims,  in  Atlin  camp,  has 
been  sold  for  S100,000  to  J.  M.  Ruffner, 
of  Cincinnati,  general  manager  of  the 
North  Columbia  Gold  Mining  Company, 
which  has  for  several  years  been  hy- 
draulicking  gold  gravels  on  one  of  the 
Atlin  creeks.  Narrow  veins,  exception- 
ally rich,  have  been  found  on  the  group. 

Hidden  Creek — The  Granby  company 
has  sent  two  mining  engineers  and  a  num- 
ber of  miners  and  diamond  drill  men  to 
this  mine  to  commence  development  un- 
der its  bond  and  option  from  the  Hidden 
Creek  Copper  Company.  Ore  in  sight 
above  the  lowest  ndit  has  been  estimated 
by  M.  K.  Rodgers  at  more  than  300,000 
tons. 

Queen — Balance  of  purchase  money  on 
the  Queen-Yellowstone  group  and  20- 
stamp  iTiill,  at  Sheep  Creek,  Nelson  min- 
ing division,  has  been  paid.  Amount  was 
$7L428;  the  transaction  was  entered  into 
May,  1908;  total  price  was  SI 75,000.  The 
buyers   are    Wisconsin    inen.      During    12 


November  26.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1081 


years  gold  to  the  value  of  between  StiOO,- 
JOO  and  S^OO.OOO  has  been  taken  from  the 
Queen  and  Ysllowstons  mines. 
Ont.\rio 

Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
inded  Nov.  11  were:  Nipissing,  446,620 
b.;  Durmmond,  440.000;  La  Rose,  87,- 
30;  Chambers-Ferland.  64,000;  Buffalo, 
.2,530;  Temiskaming.  60.000;  Colonial. 
6,110;  Trethewey,  43,870;  total.  1.250,- 
60  lb.  Bullion  shipments:  Silver  Leaf 
Crown  Reserve  lease  I,  3728  ounces. 
McKinley-Darragh — Returns  show  that 
ver  2,000,000  oz.  have  been  produced 
)r  the  first  1 1  months  of  1910.  The  main 
laft  is  to  be  continued  from  the  150-  to 
ic  250-ft.   level. 

Wyandoh — The  annual  meeting  was 
;ld  at  Montreal.  Nov.  15.  The  financial 
port  showed  500,000  shares  left  in  the 
sasury  and  about  SI  1.000  cash  on  hand. 
ie  property  produced  one  carload  of 
■e  netting  SI  1,683  during  the  year. 
Wettlaufer — An  extremely  rich  ore- 
cot  ha?  been  encountered  in  a  winze 
;ow  the  250-ft.  level  of  this  South  Lor- 
in  property. 

Provircial — Developments  of  the    175- 
level   have  been   so   satisfactory,   that 
;  company  has  decided  to  put  in  a  small 
ncetitrating  plant. 

Little  Nipissing — The  main  vein  has 
1  ;n  cut  at  the  285-ft.  level  and  show's 

Temiskaming  &  Hudson  Bay-  A  new 
'  n  has  been  struck  on  the  150-ft.  level 
i  drifting  toward  the  Trethewey  line.  It 
I 's  from  2  to  4  in.  in  width. 

<err  Lake — Several  veins  of  high- 
I  de  running  from  4  to  6  in.  wide  have 
I  n  cut.  They  are  supposed  to  be  con- 
t  jations  of  the  Crown  Reserve  veins. 

<ing  George — This  property  in  South 
1  rain  will  shortly  install  a  compressor. 

iann-Ryan — The  shaft  is  now  down 
I  ft.  on  the  Gowganda  property.  Drift- 
ii  has  been  done  for  140  ft.  on  the  85- 
t  level  on  a  strong  vein  showing  good 
s  er  content.  The  company  has  ore 
s  ed  to  the  valve  of  S25,000. 

Ontario- Porcupine 

is  stated  that  the  six  Herlehy-Mc- 
P  rland  claims.  Tisdale  township,  Porcu- 
P  :,  have  been  acquired  by  a  syndicate 
O^lew  York  men.  T.  D.  Nesb=tt  &  Co. 
kis  been  appointed  fiscal  agents. 

oster-Ellis — These    locations,    six    in 

niiber,   in   the    northern    part   of  Shaw 

toiship,  have  been  bought  by  the  Tem- 

•'<  minp   &    Hudson    Bay    company,    of 

lit,  for  S30.000. 

■mncr    Veteran — This    property     lot 

•ncession   2.   Whitney   township,   hns 

purchased    by    a    London    banking 

c   identified    with   South    African   in- 

's.     It   will   be   operated   by   a   corr- 

to  be  incorporated  as  the  Bremner- 

•^q^upine  Gold  Mines.  Ltd. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 
La  Republica — In  October  the  mill 
treated  1163  tons,  from  which  73,653 
pesos  were  recovered.  The  operating  ex- 
penses were  46,457  pesos.  J.  Gordon 
Hardy  is  consulting  engineer.  The  mine 
is  at  La  Republica  del  Sauz.  via  Ocampo. 

DURANGO 

Chamole — This  mine,  at  Guanacevi, 
owned  by  the  Hearst  estate,  has  been 
leased  to  Harold  Cobb,  who  is  working 
about    300   men    and    shipping. 

Longega — This  group,  at  Guanacevi,  is 
bieng  developed  by  the  Guanacevi  Min- 
ing and   Tunnel   Company. 

Prcdicta  —  This  Guanacevi  property 
reports  that  a  new  rich  orebody  has  been 
opened  on  the  10th  level.  D.  R.  Thomas 
is  in  charge. 

Tecolotes — This  and  other  Guanacevi 
properties  are  being  operated  by  Frank 
Knotts.  The  cyanide  mill  is  treating  10 
tons  daily. 

West  Mexican  Mines — J.  S.  MacArthur 
has  made  a  favorable  report  on  these 
properties,  at  Guadalupe  de  Calvo,  to  the 
English  company.  He  favors  the  cyanide 
process  for  the  ore  and  has  recommended 
a  500-lon  plant.  He  reports  over  250,000 
tons  of  $10  ore  on  the  dumps  and  ex- 
tensive available  ore  supplies  in  the 
mines. 

Hidalgo 

La  Cruz  de  Zimapan — This  Mexican 
company,  at  Barranca  de  Tollman,  is  in- 
stalling pumps  and  sinking.  The  prop- 
erty is  an  antigua,  extensively  operated 
by  an  English  company  in  1824.  Miguel 
Toboada   is  president. 

SONORA 

Creene-Cananea — Custom  ore  bins  are 
being  erected  near  this  coinpany's  reduc- 
tion works,  with  an  approximate  capacity 
of  600  tons.  The  eastern  portion  of  the 
Cobre  Grande  zone  has  been  reopened 
after  eight  years  of  idleness,  and  an  elec- 
tric hoist  has  been  placed  at  the  initial 
shaft  of  the  old  Greene  Consolidated.  A 
picking  belt.  v350  ft.  long,  will  be  installed 
from  this  shaft  to  the  receiving  bins,  upon 
which  work  is  soon  to  begin.  An  office 
building,  blacksmith  shop  and  change 
room  is  in  process  of  erection  at  this  point. 
Sixty  thousand  tons  of  ore  was  mined  in 
October  and  a  fraction  more  than  3,500.- 
000  lb.  of  bullion  produced. 

Arizona-Cananea  Mining  Company — 
All  options  held  by  this  company  in  the 
Cananea  district  have  been  taken  up.  The 
claims  embrace  a  wide  area  of  ground 
with  but  little  development  accomplished. 

San  Gcronimo — A  100-ton  concentra- 
tor has  recently  been  completed  at  this 
property,  in  the  Altar  district. 

Santa  Eduviges — Operations  have  been 
resumed  at  this  mine,  in  the  Sahuaripa 
district. 

Espiritu  Santo — A  new  corporation  is  to 


be  formed  to  take  over  the  assets  of  this 
company,  and  to  provide  funds  for  for- 
warding work.  Dr.  L.  D.  Ricketts  and 
other  officials  of  the  Greene-Cananea 
control  it. 

Mines  Company  of  America — This  New 
York  company  is  carrying  on  extensive 
explorations  at  the  Creston  Colorado  and 
is  building  a  mill  at  La  Dura  mine 
in  the  Yaqui  river  section. 

Pacific  Smelting  and  Mining — It  is 
expected  to  have  the  Guaymas  and 
Fundicion  smelteries  in  operation  in 
March  of  1911.  Necessary  roasting 
equipment  will  be  immediately  installed 
at  Guaymas  plant.  Excellent  progress 
has  been  made  in  securing  contracts  for 
copper  and   lead   ores. 

Mociezuma  Copper — Two  aerial  tram-' 
ways  for  removing  the  tailings  for  stor- 
age will  be  completed  before  the  end  of 
the  year.  Due  to  the  scarcity  of  water  at 
the  end  of  the  long  dry  season,  this 
year's  production  will  fall  below  that  ot 
1909,  which  was  110,725  tons  of  concen- 
trates, containing   13.059  tons  of  copper. 

Sonora  Copper  Smelting — A  500-ton 
aerial  tramway  to  carry  ores  from  bins 
at  the  mouth  of  the  main  tunnel  to 
smeltery,  3500  ft.,  has  been  ordered. 
There  is  a  drop  of  450  ft.  The  100-ton 
smeltery  now  being  erected  will  be  blown 
in  early  in  19111.  Plant  is  being  built 
under  a  state  concession  giving  exclu- 
sive tax  exemptions  in  the  Magdalena 
district  of  Sonora. 

Victoria  Mining  Company — Erection  of 
a  10-stamp  mill  at  the  Esmeralda  mine 
at   La  Colorado  has  been  started. 

Sonora  Verde — Philadelphia  interests 
are  developing  this  property,  20  miles 
east  of  Imuris.  Sinking  on  a  10-ft.  cop- 
per-gold vein  is  in  progress. 

Industrial  Mining  Company — Work  is 
being  resumed  at  the  property,  35  miles 
west  of  Carbo.  A  tunnel,  in  300  ft.,  will 
be  continued  to  cut  a  copper  vein  10  ft. 
wide  at  outcrop.  Prospect  shafts  have 
shown  values  in  silver,  gold  and  lead  as 
well    as   copper. 

Mina  Mexico — A  75-ton  water  jacket 
furnace  is  being  erected  at  this  property 
in  the  Sahuaripa  district.  A  freighting 
outfit  has  been  purchased  for  hauling 
between  the  property  and  Toledo.  W.  E. 
Pomeroy  is  in  charge. 


Asia 
Oriental  Consolidated — -This  Korean 
mine  in  September  crushed  27,246  tons 
and  the  month's  gross  receipts  were 
S104,160  and  the  operating  profit  S41,- 
376. 


South    America 
Peru 
Poto — This  hydraulic  undertaking  near 
Poto,  is  higher  in  the  mountains  than  the 
Aporoma,  and  is  controlled  by  an  Argen- 
tine syndicate;  M.  Ingolby  is  manager. 


1082 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


Npvember  26,  1910. 


THE  MARKETS 


^       y^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks.  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 

New  York,  Nov.  23 — The  coal  trade  in 
the  East  continues  generally  in  good 
shape.  The  demand  for  soft  coal  on  the 
seaboard  is  good  and  prices  generally  are 
on  the  advance.  There  is  some  trouble 
about  car  supply,  but  not  quite  as  much 
as  in  the  West.  The  anthracite  trade 
has  been  stimulated  by  a  little  colder 
weather   and    is    fairly   active. 

In  the  West  car  supply  is  still  the  burn- 
ing question.  There  has  been  some  im- 
provement, but  the  mines  everywhere  are 
complaining  that  it  is  impossible  to  fill 
orders  which  are  pressing,  because  they 
cannot  ship  the  coal  they  produce.  The 
worst  trouble  is  in  Illinois,  but  West 
Virginia  lines  are  also  much  behind.  A 
general  increase  in  coal  prices  is  expected 
soon;  it  has  already  taken  place  in  some 
districts.  The  demand  for  coal  seems  to 
be  good  almost  everywhere. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
Coal  and  coke  tonnage   originating  on 
all    lines    of   the    Pennsylvania    Railroad 
Company    east    of    Pittsburg    and    Erie, 
10  months  ended  Oct.  31,  short  tons: 


tons  or  18.1  per  cent.  Virginian  railway 
is  tidewater  tonnage  only.  Anthracite  ton- 
nages of  Pennsylvania  and  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  are  given  elsewhere. 

Anthracite  tonnage  of  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railroad,  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30, 
was  562,739  tons  in  1909,  and  646,333  in 
1910;  increase,  83,594  tons. 

Coal  passing  Davis  Island  dam  on  the 
Ohio,  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30,  was 
2,366,540  short  tons  in  1909,  and  1,542,- 
915  in  1910;  decrease,  823,625  tons. 

Coal  shipments  over  railroads  in  the 
Ohio  Coal  Traffic  Association,  nine 
montiis  ended  Sept.  30,  short  tons: 


woo. 

Hocking  Valley 2,2H,k70    3, 

Toleilo  &  Ohio  Oout.      iWH.H-JT    1, 
Baltimore  &  Ohio. . .  l,0!i(),(i:)!)    1, 
Wheeling  &  L.  Erie.  •2,2.=i2,717    2, 
Cleve.,Liirain  &  Wh.  1,800,501    2, 
Zanesville&  Western     S01,53U 
Toledo  Div.,  Pen.  CO.  1,319.187    1, 
L.Erie,  Alliance  &W.      707,810 
Marietta,  Col.  &  Clev.       6(j.433 
Wahash-Pitts.  Term.       22,888 


Anthracite... 
Bituminous. 
Coke 


1909. 
.    0,085.172 
.  31,710,408 


9,U00,.'J5C 
34,050,73.T 


9,423,003     11.1.VJ,102 
54,300,393 


Changes. 
I.  5,384 
I.  2.340,237 
I.  1,735,199 

I.  4,080,820 


Total 50,219,573 

The  total  increase  this  year  over  1909 
was  8. 1  per  cent. 

Coastwise  coal  shipments  from  leading 
Atlantic  ports,  nine  months  ended  Sept. 
30: 

Anthracite.  Bitum.  Total.    PerCt. 

New   York...  10,.')13,941  8,327,590  18.841,531      69.8 

Philadelphia    l,4:i(;.(101  3,543,335  4,979,93fi      15.8 

Baltimore....        180,272  2,748,927  2,929  199        9.3 

Newp't  News     2,181,197  2,181,197        6.0 

Norfolk 2,.595,36()  2,595,3I'.0        8.2 


Total 12,130,814     19,390,415     31,.W7,229    100.0 

Total,  1909.  12,006.228     18,028,930    30,035,158     

Total  increase  this  year,  1,492,071  tons, 
or  5  per  cent.  New  York  includes  all  the 
harbor  shipping  points.  Norfolk  includes 
Sewalls   Point. 

Bituminous-cual  and  coke  tonnage  of 
leading  railroads  in  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia,  nine  months  ended  Sept. 
30,  short  tons. 

Bituminous.    Coke.  T<ilal. 


Pennsylvania 30,320.393 

Bait.  &  Ohio 21,277.31(1 

BufT.,  Uoi-h.  &  Pitts.  5.430,505 
HlllT.  di  Su.sciueirna  l,037,.i42 
Penu.  llMos,  N.Y.  C.    5,719,804 

Pitts,  .v  [,.  Erie 8  472,121 

Pitts.  Sliawmut.'i  N.  800,873 
Norfolk  &  We.stern,  12,810,117 

Ches.  «i  Ohio 11.893.738 

Virginian 949,371 


10,192,013    40,512,400 
3,309,008    24,040.324 


480,798 

5,917,303 

208,515 

1,240,057 

19.107 

5,708,971 

4,7.-.fi,343 

13,228,404 

10,058 

870,931 

2,123,518 

14,939,035 

343,804 

12,237,542 

15,4(12 

904,833 

Total 

Total,  1908, 


98.777.901^    21,5(;0.r/2(!  120,338,520 

83,707,982 


Tot.ii    increase    this 


18,1(>4,329  ]0i;932,311 

year,     18,406,215 


1910. 

Changes. 

3li7,089 

1.1,152,219 

504,809 

I.    000.042 

783,233 

I.    092,594 

771,902 

I.    519,185 

311,903 

I.    511  4(l2 

878.291 

I.      70,701 

604,120 

I.    344.933 

902,940 

I.    135,130 

75,474 

I.      19,041 

45,723 

I.      22,835 

Total 11,28.5,462  16.305,610     1.4,080,148 

Total  increase  this  year  36.2  per  cent. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  tonnage  is  of  the  Ohio 
lines  only;  main-line  tonnage  is  given 
elsewhere. 

New  York 

Anthracite 

Nov.  23 — Business  is  active,  as  the 
weather  continues  cold  and  domestic  con- 
sumers are  putting  in  stocks  freely. 
Steam  trade  is  also  good. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
$4.75  for  lump,  S5  for  egg  and  stove  and 
$5.25  for  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor.  Chestnut  has  been  advanced 
25c.,  the  first  advance  on  the  tidewater 
schedule  since  1903.  Steam  sizes  are 
also  higher  for  the  smaller  grades.  We 
quote  for  pea,  S3(((3.25;  buckwheat, 
$2.25r,/2.75;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
S1.80r„2.25;  barley,  $1.40r(/ 1.75;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Bituminous 

The  market  is  strong  and  coal  is  in 
good  demand.  The  shoalwater  ports  are 
beginning  to  hustle  after  their  winter  sup- 
plies and  seem  to  be  taking  larger  quan- 
tities than  last  year.  All-rail  and  New 
York  harbor  trade  are  good.  The  West  is 
still  calling  for  coal  from  mines  that  usu- 
ally sell  to  the  seaboard  trade,  and  coal 
is  not  over-plentiful. 

Prices  have  advanced  all  around.  Gas 
coals  bring  $1.20''(/  1.25  at  mines  for  .)4- 
in.,  $I.10rr(  1.15  for  run-of-mine  and  85c. 
for  slack,  the  last-named  grade  being 
scarce    and    hard    to    get.       Low-volatile 


steam  coals  have  advanced  10  or  15c., 
and  bring  S2.85rr(2.90  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor  for  the  lower  grades,  and  up  to 
$3.15''(/3.25  for  the  better  sorts. 

Transportation  is  poor,  and  there  is  a 
good  deal  of  delay  in  getting  coal  to 
tide.  Car  supply  is  poor;  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  mines  have  been  obliged  to 
shut  down  two  or  three  days  a  week,  be- 
cause they  have  no  cars.  On  the  Penn- 
sylvania it  is  a  little  better,  but  cars  are 
hard  to  get. 

In  the  coastwise  vessel  market  rates  are 
higher  and  still  advancing.  Current  quo- 
tations are  on  a  basis  of  85((/95c.  from 
Philadelphia  to  Boston  and  Portland;  70 
(<i  75c.  from  New  York  to  points  around 
Cape  Cod. 


Birmingham 

Nov.  21 — The  production  of  coal  in 
Alabama  is  being  hampered  by  the  rail- 
road-car situation.  There  is  a  shortage 
of  cars.  Good  prices  obtain  for  coal  and 
there  is  a  demand  the  like  of  which  has 
not  been  experienced  in  months.  The  pro- 
duction is  as  heavy  as  it  has  ever  been  in 
this  State,  despite  the  fact  that  several 
of  the  mines  have  had  to  shut  down  a  day 
or  two,  having  no  cars  to  handle  the  coal. 
During  the  past  week  there  was  loud 
complaint.  It  was  announced  that  hadtha 
railroads  been  able  to  handle  all  the 
coal  that  was  to  come  from  the  mines, 
there  could  have  been  steady  operation  at 
practically  all  places. 

There  is  considerable  development 
again  noted  in  Alabama,  new  mines  being 
opened  in  several  parts  of  the  district. 
The  prospects  are  for  a  steady  operation 
of  coal  mines  for  several  months  to  come. 

The  coke  demand  is  also  active  and  the 
output  is  strong.  There  is  a  report  from 
two  or  three  places  that  the  car  shortage 
has  interfered  with  the  coke  make. 


Chicago 

iVoi'.  21 — Sales  of  coal  remain  fairly 
satisfactory  to  wholesale  and  retail  in- 
terests, the  continued  cold  weather  of  the 
last  week  having  stimulated  domestic 
buying,  while  steam  interests  showing  a 
disposition  to  lay  in  heavier  stocks.  The 
fact  remains,  however,  that  many  retail- 
ers are  running  along  with  small  sup 
plies  and  decidedly  colder  weather  will 
make  them  send  up  a  concerted  demand 
for  much  more  coal  to  be  delivered  at 
once.  Against  this  apprehension  the 
wholesalers  set  the  expectation  that  in 
the  next  10  days  buying  of  Illinois  and 
Indiana  coal  will  be  heavier  because  ol 
the  announced   intention  of  the  railroads 


J 


November  26,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1083 


to  raise  freight  rates  10c.  a  ton,  which 
will  result  in  an  increase  in  wholesale 
and  retail  prices.  Car  shortage  also  is 
working  out  object  lessons  that  will  in- 
crease tarly  buying  by  prudent  consum- 
ers. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  coals  bring  $2.40 
@3  for  lump,  .$1.90^x2.20  for  run-of- 
mine  and  S1.40'</  1.75  for  screenings,  the 
market  being  still  strong  for  fine  coals. 
Eastern  coals  show  a  generally  strong 
condition,  weakness  having  disappeared 
in  smokeless,  which  holds  up  to  the  list 
prices  of  $3.95  for  lump  and  $3.30  for 
run-of-mine.  Hocking  is  scarce  and 
strong  at  $3.40,  with  a  steady  and  in- 
creasing demand.  Anthracite  is  active 
and  the  scarcity  of  chestnut  has  resulted 
in  an  advance  of  25c.  on  that  size. 

Cleveland 

Nov.  21— Lake  coal  shipments  are 
still  going  on,  though  the  season  is  near 
its  close.  Steam-coal  trade  is  good.  Do- 
mestic trade  is  keeping  dealers  busy  and 
they  have  been  working  hard. 

Middle-district  coal  is  quoted,  f.o.b. 
Cleveland,  at  ,$2.15  for  I'i-in.;  SI. 90  for 
',i-in.,  $1.80  for  run-of-mine,  and  $1.60 
"/1.65  for  slack.  No.  8  and  Cambridge 
district,  5c.   higher. 

Car  supply  has  shown  some  improve- 
ment, but  is  not  yet  up  to  the  mark. 

Indianapolis 

Nov.  21 — Indiana  operators  have  given 
consumers  and  the  dealers  notice  that 
prices  will  be  advanced  just  as  soon  as 
the  snow  flies.  Coal  is  now  selling  at  the 
mines  at  the  highest  price  for  several 
years. 

The  demand  for  Indiana  block  coal  is 
the  greatest  for  years.  Usually  the 
price  of  coal  in  Chicago  and  Indianapolis 
never  affects  the  price  at  the  mines,  but 
now  that  the  operators  can  get  .S2.50r(( 
2.75  for  coal  on  the  cars  at  the  mines  and 
readily  sell  all  they  can  produce  at  this 
rate,  they  will  not  attempt  to  supply  local 
trade  at  a  less  figure.  The  Indiana  mines 
are  working  at  full  capacity,  the  produc- 
tion being  slightly  retarded  for  the  want 
of  cars;  however,  the  car  shortage  is  not 
nearly  so  apparent  as  it  was  a  week  ago. 

Pittsburg 
Nov.  22 — The  coal  market  continues  on 
the  quieter  basis  recently  noted,  with 
prices  not  firm  on  the  reduced  basis  given 
last  week.  Statistics  of  the  coal  move- 
ment in  Western  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio 
show  a  movement  so  far  this  year  as  com- 
pared with  the  same  period  last  year  from 
20  to  30  per  cent,  larger.  The  Lake  move- 
ment is  practically  over.  We  quote  the 
open  market,  subject  to  some  shading,  as 
follows:  Mine-run  and  nut,  $1.15;  M-in., 
Sl-35;  I'i-in.,  $1.40;  slack,  82'<ft85c. 
per  ton. 

Connellsville  CoArf— John  W.  Boileau, 
Park  Building,  Pittsburg,  a  dealer  in  coal 
lands,    has    been    soliciting    Connellsville 


coke  producers  to  appoint  him  their  sole 
agent  for  their  unsold  output.  Mr.  Boil- 
eau states  that  he  acts  on  behalf  of  par- 
ties not  engaged  in  the  production  of 
coke.  This  is  the  tangible  effort  to  bring 
about  the  central  selling  agency  which 
has  been  discussed  in  the  Connellsville 
coke  trade  for  a  long  time.  There  are 
about  15,000  ovens  in  the  Connellsville 
and  lower  Connellsville  region,  not  con- 
trolled by  steel  and  blast  furnace  in- 
terests, but  which  sell  their  coke  in  the 
market.  Of  these  about  1600  ovens  are 
stated  to  make  inferior  coke  and  to  be  out 
of  the  reckoning.  Of  the  remainder,  Mr. 
Boileau  states  that  he  already  has  the 
consent  of  the  owners  of  8000  ovens  to 
come  into  the  central  selling  agency  plan. 
In  some  quarters  doubt  is  expressed 
whether  the  plan  would  be  legal,  in  view 
of  the  Imperial  Window  Glass  Company 
case,  decided  in  Pittsburg  only  a  fort- 
night ago,  the  company  pleading  nolo  con- 
tendere to  the  government  suit  and  wind- 
ing up  its  affairs.  The  window  glass 
company  was  a  sales  agency  for  window- 
glass  producers,  but  on  behalf  of  the 
coke-selling  agency  it  is  stated  the  latter 
will  be  different  because  the  stock  of  the 
window-glass  company  was  held  by  the 
producers,  while  the  coke-selling  agency's 
profits  will  not  go  to  the  coke  producers. 
From  these  and  other  causes  the  coke 
market  has  been  very  quiet.  A  Wheeling 
steel  and  iron  interest  has  made  a  re- 
quirement contract  with  a  Pittsburg 
brokerage  firm  for  its  coke  requirements 
tor  a  period  of  two  years  beginning  Jan. 
1  next,  involving  about  30,000  tons 
monthly.  It  is  understood  the  deal  was 
made  a  fortnight  ago,  but  information  has 
just  been  obtained  by  the  trade.  The 
reported  basis  is  a  ratio  of  8  to  1  on  basic 
iron;  that  is,  if  basic  pig  iron  is  $14,  Val- 
ley, the  coke  is  billed  at  $1.75  at  ovens, 
and  so  on.  We  quote  prices,  unchanged 
but  largely  nominal,  as  follows:  Prompt 
furnace,  $I.40'V/  1.50;  contract,  SX.lbdi 
1.85;  prompt  foundry,  $2(r/2.10;  con- 
tract foundry,  $2.25ft;2.50,  all  per  ton  at 
ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ending  Nov.  12  at 
327.860  tons,  a  drop  of  13,000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  3323  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5512 
cars  to  points  west  and  572  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  9407  cars. 


St.  Louis 
Nov.  21 — The  weather  has  been  very 
brisk  this  week  and  consequently  there 
has  been  a  little  quickening  in  the  de- 
mand for  coal,  though  prices  on  the 
whole  remain  very  much  the  same.  Deal- 
ers are  still  busy  though  they  are  not 
as  rushed  as  they  were  and  are  in  a  po- 
sition now  to  make  prompt  delivery.  This 
is,  of  course,  an  entirely  normal  condi- 
tion at  this  time  of  the  year.  The  coum 
try  trade  is  taking  a  good  share  of  coal 
and  prices  prevailing  in  the  country  are 


a  great  deal  better  than  locally,  largely 
owing  to  the  car  restrictions. 

The  car  situation  is,  if  anything,  a 
little  worse  than  at  any  time  this  year. 
Every  road  running  into  East  St. 
Louis  is  extremely  short.  The 
Louisville  &  Nashville,  and  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio,  particularly,  are  feeling  the 
car  shortage  heavily,  as  these  roads  have 
not  over  a  50  per  cent,  supply,  whereas, 
generally,  they  have  all  the  cars  they  can 
use.  The  Missoiiri  Pacific  is  not  feeling 
a  serious  car  shortage  but  is  handling 
coal  very  slowly  and  has  become  blocK- 
adcd  at  a  number  of  reconsigning  points. 
The  reason  for  this  is  the  strike  of  their 
machinists  and  boilermakers. 

The  main  feature  of  the  market  this 
week  has  been  the  sharp  rise  in  the 
price  of  fine  coal.  Screenings  have  ad- 
vanced to  30r(f35c.  per  ton  locally  and 
Chicago  is  absorbing  all  that  will  go  that 
way  on  a  90c.  rate  at  50r<(60c..  at  mine. 
Steam  nut  is  also  in  better  demand  and 
has  advanced    15c.   per  ton. 

Current  prices  in  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 

F.o.b. 

F.o.b.  St. 

Standard:                                           Mine.  Louis. 

6-in.  lump 1.40  1.92 

2-in.  lump 1   20  1   72 

Mine-vun '.....'.     olOo  1^47 

2-nut o.SO  1.32 

2-in.  .screenings o.30  0.82 

Pea  and  slack 0. 10  0.62 

Staunton,  Mt.  Olive  &  Springfield: 

fi-in.  lump 2.00  2.52 

.'i-in.  lump 1 . 7.5  2 . 27 

.Mine-run 1   40  1   92 

2-in.  nut ■. 1 .  OO  1 .  .52 

2-in.  scicenings o.,')0  1.02 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 2.60  2.67 

3-in.  nut 1.7,",  2 .  42 

Mine-run 1 .  20  1 .  87 

l*-in.  .screenings   .    0 .  75  1 . 42 

Franklin  Count, v: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg                                       2.00  2  67 

3-in.  nut 1.75  2!42 

2-in.  nut l,,50  2.17 

li-in.  screenings :                         0.75  1.42 

TrciUon: 

6-in.  lump ...      2.50  3.02 

6-m.  egg 2. .ID  3!02 

3-in.  mit 2.00  2.52 

Pennsylvania  Anthracite: 

Chestimt "                         7.20 

Stove  and  egg                                 6  95 

Orate &.~0 

Arkansas  .\ntliracile: 

Egg  or  grate 4. 00  G.OO 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry. .  .  2.50  5  .30 

Cas  house 5.00 

Sruilliing  coal 1.65  4.15 

Pocaliontas  Smokeless: 

I.iuup  and  egg 2.25  4.75 

.Mme-run 1 .25  3.75 

Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  per 
ton  below  the  St.  Louis  quotations. 


▲  FOREIGN- COAL-TRADE 


Alberta  Coal — The  official  statement  of 
coal  production  in  the  Province  of  Al- 
berta, Canada,  in  the  year  1909,  is  as  fol- 
lows: Anthracite,  213,257;  bituminous. 
1,197,399;  lignite,  763,673;  total,  2,174,- 
329  tons,  an  increase  of  329,- 
329  tons  over  1908.  Coke  produced  was 
87.812  tons;  coal  used  in  making  coke, 
148,104  tons,  or  1.69  tons  to  the  ton  of 
coke.  There  were  89,785  tons  of 
briquets  made. 


1084 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


November  26.  1910. 


S  1R0NTRADEREV1EW|[S 


be  under  200.000  tons.   There  was  no  iron 
sent  to  the  yards  during  the  past  weelv. 


New  York,  Nov.  23 — The  iron  and  steel 
trades  generally  seem  to  be  making  little 
progress  just  now.  While  there  is  a  bet- 
ter demand  for  raw  iron,  finished  material 
is  still  rather  slow.  Expectations  of  No- 
vember improvement  have  been  disap- 
pointed, and  it  is  to  be  remembered  that 
December  is  proverbially  a  dull  month  in 
the  trade. 

Pig  iron  is  the  strongest  point  in  the 
market.  There  have  been  better  sales  of 
foundry  iron  in  the  East,  and  basic  pig  is 
active  in  the  Central  West.  The  furnace- 
men  accordingly  are  firmer  in  their  views, 
and  are  inclined  to  hold  prices,  though 
there  is  little  talk  of  any  advance. 

In  finished  material  small  trade  is  fair, 
especially  in  pipes  and  bars.  Sheets  are 
in  smaller  demand  and  prices  are  being 
shaded  to  secure  orders.  Structural  steel 
has  been  rather  slow,  though  small  orders 
keep  on  coming.  The  railroads  have  not 
come  forward  as  it  was  said  that  they 
were  about  to  do.  Orders  for  about  45.- 
000  tons  of  rails  are  noted,  but  none  of 
the  larger  companies  seem  disposed  to 
place  their  contracts  yet.  Equipment  or- 
ders are  light,  and  only  a  few  roads  are 
placing  orders.  New  business  on  the 
whole  has  been  rather  I'ight,  and  specifi- 
cations on  contracts  are  coming  in  more 
slowly  than  they  were.  However,  the 
jobbing  trade  in  small  materials  is  re- 
ported to  be  good. 

Birmingham 

Nov.  21 — While  a  number  of  small  or- 
ders for  iron  have  been  booked,  some  for 
delivery  during  the  remaining  40  days  in 
this  year  and  some  for  the  first  three 
months  of  the  coming  year,  it  is  not  be- 
lieved that  the  buying  movement  has 
started  in  yet.  A  number  of  inquiries 
are  in  hand  and  prices  have  been  made. 
The  belief  is  firm  that  the  buying  will 
start  in  before  the  holiday  season  comes 
on.  The  aggregate  of  the  business  is  not 
great  but  a  better  feeling  prevails.  Prices 
have  taken  on  some  strength  and  there 
is  positively  no  iron  to  be  had  now  at  $11 
per  ton.  The  minimum  price,  as  far  as 
can  be  learned  is  SI  1.25  per  ton.  No.  2 
foundry  basis,  though  SI  1.50  is  being 
asked  for  iron  to  be  delivered  during  the 
first  quarter  of  1911. 

The  make  in  Southern  territory  is  hold- 
ing up  fairly  well,  but  there  will  be  no 
itnprovement  in  the  production  during  the 
balance  of  the  year. 

There  is  a  slight  improvement  in  the 
steel  line.  The  demand  for  steel  bars, 
plates  and  other  products  of  a  similar  na- 
ture is  somewhat  better  than  it  has  been 
in  some  time.  There  has  been  a  steady 
production -at  the  steel  plants. 

Charcoal  iron  is  not  in  active  demand. 
The  scrap-iron  inarket  is  very  quiet. 

The  accumulated  stocks  of  pig  iron  in 
the  Birmingham  district  are  estimated  to 


Chicago 

Nov.  21 — The  pig-iron  market  has  de- 
veloped strength  in  the  last  week,  as  a  re- 
sult of  more  general  buying  of  foundry 
iron  for  first-half  delivery  that  has  fol- 
lowed some  large  purchases,  chiefly  of 
Northern  iron.  There  is  still  considerable 
trading  in  small  lots  for  early  delivery; 
but  the  average  melter  is  becoming  more 
and  more  willing  to  contract  for  his  needs 
of  si.\  to  eight  months  ahead,  a  condition 
that  means  strength  for  the  furnaces. 
Southern  No.  2  iron  for  first-half  delivery 
is  strong  at  .SI  1.50  Birmingham  (S15.85 
Chicago)  for  small  lots,  but  the  larger 
contracts  are  made  at  nearly  if  not  quite 
Sll  Birmingham,  and  any  good-sized  pur- 
chase can  doubtless  be  made  at  that  fig- 
ure. Northern  No.  2  iron  sells  at  about 
S16.50.  this  price  being  obtained  on  most 
sales  for  the  first  half.  An  indication  of 
strength  appears  in  the  increased  number 
of  inquiries  for  second-quarter  delivery 
from  melters  who  have  been  heretofore 
considering  only  first-quarter  delivery; 
the  tendency  indeed  is  general  to  con- 
tract for  the  whole  six  months. 

The  iTiarket  for  iron  and  steel  products 
is  iinproving;  nearly  all  lines  show  more 
sales  and  the  tone  of  the  selling  inter- 
ests is  one  of  renewed  confidence.  Coke 
shows  a  firmer  tendency  with  none  too 
much  on  hand  and  the  best  Connells- 
ville  selling  at  S4.90,  Chicago. 

Cleveland 

Nov.  21 — Bad  weather  on  the  Lakes 
has  still  further  limited  the  movement  of 
iron  ore. 

Pig  Iron — The  local  market  is  quiet, 
but  business  outside  is  more  active,  both 
in  the  way  of  inquiries  and  sales.  For 
Cleveland  delivery  prices  continue  S15.90 
for  bessemer;  S14.25''(  14.50  for  basic; 
S14.25  for  No.  2  foundry;  S18  for  Lake 
Superior  charcoal. 

Finished  Material — There  is  some  im- 
provement in  demand  for  bars  and  sheets. 
Some  small  contracts  for  structural  steel 
have  been  let.  There  is  a  special  de- 
mand just  now  for  reinforcing  bars  for 
concrete  structures.  Specifications  on 
contracts  are  coming  in  more   freely. 

Philadelphia 

Nov.  23 — There  has  been  a  small-sized 
scramble  during  the  past  few  days  on 
the  part  of  local,  near-by  and  a  few  New 
England  buyers  for  small  lots  of  pig 
iron  in  which  foundry  chiefly  figured. 
This  was  due  to  some  unexpected  shad- 
ings made,  coupled  with  a  report  of 
activity  in  some  other  markets.  Today's 
reports  indicate  further  activity  among 
the  smaller  buyers  particularly,  although 
aU  the  larger  local  consumers  have  placed 
contracts  amountin",  to  several  thousand 
"tons.      As    to    the    continuance    of    this 


activity,  furnace  agents  differ  in  opinion 
but  believe  that  the  low  condition  of 
stocks  and  the  stronger  probability  of 
improving  prices  will  induce  quite  a 
number  of  those  who  have  been  making 
inquiries  for  a  few  weeks  past  to  fall  in 
line  as  buyers.  Basic  pig  is  also  moving 
in  larger  lots.  The  quotations  are  S16 
for  No.  2X  foundry  and  S15  for  certain 
grades  of  Southern.  Gray  forge  has  sold 
at  S14.50,  at  which  also  best  grades  of 
Southern  forge  are  held. 

Steel  Billets — The  policy  of  buyers  of 
billets  is  to  allow  the  weakening  influences 
to  exert  their  full  force  before  showing 
any  sign  of  buying  in  a  large  way. 

Bars — Bars  are  sluggish  and  even  store 
demand  in  city  and  country  is  reported 
less  than  at  any  time  during  the  autumn. 
Some  mills  are  restricting  production  but 
have  made  themselves  safe  with  an 
abundant  assortment. 

Structural  Material — Orders  are  pro- 
vokingly  small  and  slow. 

Scrap — Not  a  single  sale  has  been 
made  to  indicate  the  condition  of  the 
scrap  market. 

Pittsburg 

Nov.  22 — The  iron  and  steel  market 
has  grown  even  more  quiet  than  it  was 
immediately  after  the  election,  and 
prices  show  a  fresh  weakening  ten- 
dency, although  only  in  certain  branches. 
There  is  no  hope  of  any  increase 
in  business  this  year  and  as  old 
orders  play  out,  continually  decreas- 
ing production  is  expected.  The  Car- 
negie Steel  Company  has  again  cut  its  re- 
tail prices  on  structural  shapes,  from 
warehouse. 

Plain  wire  and  wire  nails  are  being 
shaded  on  occasion  by  SI  a  ton,  but  the 
cut  prices  are  not  being  made  in  all  dis- 
tricts. The  nominal  prices  have  been  1.50c. 
on  plain  wire  and  SI. 75  on  wire  nails. 

No  official  information  can  be  obtained 
today  as  to  when  the  Pittsburg  Steel 
Company  will  begin  building  the  two 
400-ton  furnaces  which  are  to  result  from 
its  new  financing,  and  which  will  take 
it  out  of  the  market  as  a  buyer  of  basic 
pig  iron.  The  com^pany  gets  Sl.OOO.OOO 
cash  through  the  sale  of  Sl.OOO.OOO  com- 
mon stock  to  the  holders  of  the  present 
S6,000,000  issue,  while  it  makes  a  new 
issue  of  S7, 000,000  in  7  per  cent,  cumu- 
lative preferred  stock  to  Speyer  &  Co., 
-vho  undertake  to  obtain  and  turn  in  the 
present  bonds  outstanding.  These  are 
bing  bought  at  110  for  S3,250.000  remain- 
ing of  a  S4.000,000  issue  in  1907.  and 
102',  for  S500,000  remaining  of  an  is- 
sue of  S1,000,000  in  1908,  both  being  6 
per  cent,  bonds,  while  the  preferred  stock 
is  offered  at  99  in  exchange.  Thus  it 
will  require  about  S4. 150,000  preferred 
stock  to  cover  the  bonds,  the  difference 
between  this  and  the  S7,000,000  covering 
Speyer  &  Co.'s  profit  and  such  cash  as  it 
may  pay  into  the  treasury,  the  amount 
not  being  stated. 


November  26.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1085 


Pig  Iron — In  some  quarters  heavier  in- 
quiries are  noted,  but  the  market  is  en- 
tirely lacking  in  snap  and  the  inquiries 
coming  out  are  evidently  merely  forced 
by  the  fact  that  consumers  have  bought 
very  sparingly  for  many  months,  during 
which  time  they  were  using  up  iron  on 
their  old  contracts.  The  American  Steel 
Foundries  has  closed  the  10.000  tons  ot 
basic  iron  for  its  Alliance,  Ohio,  plant, 
mjntioned  as  an  inquiry  in  last  report, 
for  the  first  four  months  of  next  year, 
and  the  price  is  understood  to  have  been 
somewhat  below  SI 3.50,  Valley.  The 
market  price  of  basic  iron  remains  an 
unsettled  question,  except  that  it  is  pretty 
well  developed  that  the  asking  prices  of 
$13.50  and  S13.75.  Valley,  for  early  de- 
livery are  higher  than  could  be  done  on 
a  firm  offer.  We  quote  the  market  as 
follows  at  Valley  furnaces,  90c.  higher 
delivered  Pittsburg:  Bessemer,  S15; 
basic,  S13.25;  No.  2  foundry,  S13.75f((  14; 
malleable,  S13.25r((  13.50  per  ton. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  contin- 
ues quiet  and  weak,  prices  being  largely 
nominal  at  S38.50  for  prompt  and  .'>38.75 
for  forward,  at  Baltimore,  freight  to 
Pittsburg  being  .SI. 95  per  ton. 

Steel — The  mills  have  come  to  quote 
more  strictly  on  a  Pittsburg  basis,  en- 
deavoring to  eliminate  the  quoting  of  the 
regular  .  base  price  at  various  mills 
whereby  the  markets  had  been  whipsawed 
into  a  rather  irregular  position.  This 
has  served  to  stiffen  bessemer  steel 
slightly,  but  open-hearth  is  weaker,  hav- 
ing been  decidedly  on  the  down  grade 
lately.  Bessemer  sheet  bars  are  the 
strongest  commodity,  the  Carnegie  price 
being  S25,  Pittsburg,  plus  full  freight  to 
destination.  We  note  a  sale  by  anothei 
interest  of  2000  tons,  for  near-by  deliv- 
ery, at  S24.40.  Pittsburg,  or  S25.40,  de- 
livered, the  delivery  point  taking  SI 
freight  from  Pittsburg.  Open-hearth 
sheet  bars  can  hardly  be  done  at  th-j 
ow  price  obtaining  in  the  sale  reported 
ast  week,  which  was  S23.  Pittsburg,  nr 
^24,  delivered  Wheeling.  We  quote, 
^ittsburg,  plus  freight  to  destination: 
Bessemer  billets,  S23;  sheet  bars, 
;24.50;  open-hearth  billets,  S23.50r„24; 
ipen-hearth  sheet  bars,  S23.50rr/24;  rods, 
■28..S0. 

Sheets — The  flow  of  business  to  the 
Tills  has  grown  somewhat  thinner,  and 
rices  are  fully  as  irregular  as  formerly. 
'Ome  mills,  being  comfortably  sold  up, 
re  adhering  to  2.2Gc.  on  black.  1.65c. 
n  blue  annealed,  3.20c.  on  galvanized, 
1.60  on  painted  corrugated  and  $2.80 
"    galvanized    corrugated,    but    mills    in 

cd  of  business  are  shading  these  prices 
i  least  $1  a  ton. 

St.  Louis 

Afoi'.   21-^The    pig-iron    market     this 

eek  has  shown  quite  a  little  life.    Busi- 

sss  for  first-quarter  delivery  has  been 

'ming   in    freely,   though   prices   remain 


unchanged.  The  sale  of  spot  iron  was  a 
little  better  than  last  week  and  a  num- 
ber of  small  orders  for  immediate  deliv- 
ery have  been  received.  The  prevailing 
price  is  $1.50  per  ton,  f.o.b.  Birming- 
ham, or  $15.25,  St.  Louis,  for  No.  2 
foundry. 

Sault  Sle.  Marie  Canal 


The  total  freight  passing  through  the 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  canals  for  the  season  to 
Nov.  I  was.  in  short  tons: 

UD'.i.  1910.  ChauEP.'). 

East-liouna 38.i'.ih;,7HU    i3.2S«,125      I.    4,f.81,(U.) 

W'pst-lHiund '.l,5.-)'.l.aUK    13,417,542      I.    S.MT.IBt 

T')tal... 4s,ic,i;,i;Kti    56,T05,%7     I.    «,.5:t<),-27ii 

The   total   number   of   vessel   passages 

this  year  was   18,825,  giving  an   average 

cargo  of  3014  tons.    The  mineral  freights 

included  above  were  as  follows,  in  short 

tons,  except  salt,  which  is  in  barrels: 

1909.         1910.  Changes. 

8,310,830  11,960.380  I.  3.IU3,.';.-,C, 

:14,4 10,953  39,0(J9,9S5  I.  4..V.l'.l,(i:ii 

4(17,594        515.-i.57  I.      I(l7.i;r,:i 

94,230        11.5,373  I.        21.143 

1.671           9,485  I.          7.811 


Coal 

Iron  ore 

Pig  and  mfd.  iron. 

Coxiper 

Buil'llng  stone 


Salt.  I'lil 531.065        483.529  D.        47 ..530 

Iron  ore  was  68.8  per  cent,  of  the  to- 
tal freight  this  year,  and  coal  21.1  per 
cenc. 


g||  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE  s 


Swedish  Iron  and  Steel — Production  in 
Sweden  for  the  half  year  ended  June  30 
is  reported  as  follows,  in  metric  tons: 

l'.l(l'.l.  1010.        Cliange.s. 

Pig  Inin 286.'J0(I 


Puddled  lilooms... 
Oonvei'ter  steel   in- 

Kot.s 

Open-hi»arth  ingots 


61.2(HI 

40,!imi 
158.1(HI 


:iiio.IiKi 
72.90<l 

52,41KI 
179.200 


I.      20,200 
I.      11.7(HI 


I.      11, .500 
I.      21.100 


Exports  for  the  half-year  in  1910  in- 
cluded 48,200  tons  pig  iron,  3600  tons 
scrap,  18,900  tons  steel  in  various  forms 
and  117,100  tons  puddled  blooms,  billets, 
wirerods  and  bars. 


9    METAL-  MARKETS   0 


New   York.  Nov.   23 — The   metal   mar- 
kets   generally    show    some    activity,    but 
no  material  changes  from  the  recent  re 
ports. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


Uxn-BI)     SiATE.S     r.ol.l)     AND     SILVER     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold  : 

Oct.    1010.. 

'•      I'.KIO.. 
Tear  1010.. 

•■      1909.. 

$   7.5o.:no 

9.37'.l.4ir2 

.50.008  411 

100.0.52,230 

»  4.247,2.50 

7,034,104 

49,029.380 

38,139,5.57 

Inip.$  3,4'.I0.920 

Exp.      2.34.5.23K 

l'..13'.l,U25 

08.512.C>-'.I 

Sllvir; 
Ocl.     1910.. 

'■      1009.. 
Yi'ar  1010. . 

••     1909.. 

4,289.575 

4.0.53.74.5 
40.034 .318 
47.342.801 

3,395,200 

4.048.009 

30.0.52.404 

37.289.199 

Exp.         874.37.5 

"    ■            5,070 

9..381.8.54 

"       10,053.002 

I'^xnorls  from    the  port  of  New   YorU'.   week 
ende'i  Nov.  lil:  (iold.  none:  silver.  Sl.'J.ln.:!!". 
rlileilv    tn   London.      Iinpoiis:  CoUl.   SI  L'i;.;rjl  : 
silver.    .'SSH.nS.I.    from    .lapan.    Auslrnlia    .inrt' 
S'inlh    .Vmerlca. 

Gold — The  price   of  gold   on  the   open 
market   in   London  continued   at  77s.  9d. 


per  oz.  for  bars,  but  a  shade  lower — 76s. 
4^.d.  per  oz. — was  quoted  for  American 
coin.  The  Bank  of  England  took  most 
of   the   supplies   arriving. 

Platinum — Business  continues  good 
and  the  market  is  strong.  Prices  are  un- 
changed. Dealers  ask  $39. 50fa  39.75  per 
oz.  for  refined  platinum,  and  S43fa44  for 
hard  metal. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes, 
under  date  of  Nov.  10,  that  there  has 
been  again  an  advance  in  prices.  The 
demand  from  abroad  is  heavy,  and  the 
larger  dealers  and  producers  are  holding 
back,  expecting  a  farther  advace.  CruJe 
metal,  83  per  cent,  platinum,  is  quoted 
at  Ekaterinburg  8.50  rubles  per  zolotnlF: 
—  S3 1.96  per  oz. ;  at  St.  Petersburg,  32,- 
600r„  32,800  rubles  per  pood— S32.05  per 
oz.,  average.  The  new  regulations  for 
the  platinum  industry  have  been  ap- 
proved by  the  Council  of  Ministers  and 
will  be  in  a  short  time  introduced  in  the 
Duma. 

Silver — This  metal  has  been  very  steady 
with  only  small  fluctuations;  closing  at 
25  9/16d.  in  London. 


SILVER    AND    STEBLINf; 

EXCHAXdE 

Nov. 

17 

18 

19 

21 

22 

23 

New  York.. . . 
London  . 
Sterling  Ex. 

55  J4 

25  >4 
4.8000 

55>i 

25^„ 

4.8585 

55  H 

25?i 

4.8000 

55)4 

25  >i 
4.8590 

55?,' 
4.8580 

55>, 

25,",, 

4.860<) 

.New  York  (piolalions.  cent.s  per  ounce  tro.v. 
line  sliver:  London,  pence  per  ounce,  slcrlim; 
silver.   0.923   fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell.  Jan.  1  to  Nov.  10: 

1909.  1910.            Changes. 

£o,:)51,000  £6,085.000  I.    £    734.000 

1.829.:)00  1.143..500  D.          685.800 

82.800  D.  82.8(K1 

Total £7.'263.100      £7,228..50O     D.    £      34.000 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  16.09d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 

The  China  loan  for  £10.000.000.  which 
has  as  its  avowed  object  the  reform  of 
the  currency,  has  now  been  definitely 
concluded. 


India.. 
China. . 
Straits.. 


Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States,  10 
months  ended  Oct.  31,  as  reported  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statictics,  Department  of  Com- 
merce and  Labor: 

Merchandise:  lono.  jojo. 

Ex  ports $l,:t01, 722.253    $1,430,984,543 

Imports 1.I9B.207.707       1.296.226,777 


Excess,  exports S    165.454,546    *    134.757.700 

Ad<l  excess  of  exports,  sliver 9  r>R]  854 

Add  excess  ot  e.xports.  gold  6.i:)0.(i25 

Total  ex  port  balance f    i.5fl.278,C4 

The  movement  of  gold  and  silver  in  de- 
tail will  be  found  in  the  table  at  the  head 
of  this  column. 


Fames  E.  Pope  has  been  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  New  York  Metal  Exchange  in 
place  of  Paul  Koning.  who  recently  re- 
signed on  account  of  his  removal  from 
New  York  to  Germany. 


1086 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


November  26,  1910. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tili. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

.c 

u  ^ 

X3 

Jria 

.a 

it -a 

^i"* 

S" 

m-' 

xS 

. 

£  fe 

ii 

^■?. 

■3P. 

>iS 

sp, 

c 

•2=0 

o. 

5,- 

.  CO 

s» 

i^ 

Jc 

SS 

S 

;2io 

CDO 

i53 

ooo 

12Ji 

12.70 

4.25 

5.97* 

5.8^2i 

IV 

ffll3 

©12.80 

36« 

4.40 

©4.30 

©6.02J 

©5.S7J 

127i 

rj.To 

1  35 

.1.1)7; 

5.821 

18 

ffll3 

©12.80 

36  )i 

4.50 

©4.40 

©0.02J 

r«)5.87i 

12K 

12.70 

4.35 

5  97i 

5.82.5 

19 

013 

©12.80 

36^ 

4. SO 

©4.40 

©6.02i 

©5.87i 

127i 

12.70 

4.35 

5.97} 

5.82 

21 

©13 

©12.80 

36Ji 

4.50 

©4.40 

ffl«.02J 

©5. 87  J 

l'27i 

12.70 

4.35 

6  00 

5.85 

•22 

fflla 

©12.80 

36% 

4.50 

,©4.40 

©6.021 

©5.87J 

1^2% 

12.70 

4.35 
fcHAU 

(i  00 

5.85 

•23 

®13 

©12  80 

36% 

4.511 

©6.(KJ 

©.).87i 

Tbe  New  York  quotations  for  electrolytic 
copper  dre  for  cakes.  in.::ots  and  wircbars, 
and  represent  tlie  bulk  of  ihe  Iransadions 
made  with  consumers,  ba^is  Xew  York.  cash. 
The  prices  of  casting  copper  and  of  electrolytic 
cathodes  are  usually  0.125c.  below  that  of 
eJectrolytic.  The  quotations  for  lead  repre- 
sent wholesale  transactions  in  the  open  mar- 
k'^t.  The  quotations  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  WeRt(»i-n  brands ;  special  brands 
command    a    premium. 

LONDON 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Leatl. 
Siian- 
Isli. 

Zinc. 

c 
is 

Spot. 

3Mos 

Best 
Sel-td 

Spot. 

3MOS 

Ordi- 
naries. 

17 

57  Ji 

58ft 

62 

166M 

160,'i 

13ft 

24%' 

18 

57  JS 

58ft 

62 

166 

166 

13A 

24  J< 

19 

21 

5^y, 

58U 

62 

167% 

167  J< 

13A 

24>,' 

22 

5TH 

58K 

62 

167  >i 

167X 

13ft 

24>« 

23 

57« 

58ft 

62 

167Si 

ll!73i 

13ft 

24,1,- 

The  above  table  gives  tbe  closing  ciuota- 
tious  on  London  Metal  E.xcbange.  All  prices 
ai^e  ia  pounds  sterling  per  ton  of  :2l'4U  lb. 
Copper  (inolations  are  for  standard  copper, 
spot  and  three  mouths  .and  for  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  being  subject  to  S 
per  cent.  disc(nint.  For  convenience  in  cora- 
I>arison  nf  London  prices  in  pounds  sterling 
I>er  2:;40  lb.,  with  .\nierican  prices  in  cents 
I)er  pound  the  folhi\vi!ig  ai)proximate  ratios 
are  given:  £10  =  2.171^.0.:  £12  =  li.Glc. : 
£23  =  Sc. ;    £60  =  13.U4c.  ±  £1  =   ±   0.21  %c. 


Copper — The  market  has  been  dull 
throughout  the  week.  Buyers,  both  here 
and  abroad,  having  lately  supplied  their 
wants  liberally,  are  awaiting  develop- 
ments, and  such  business  as  offered  it- 
self was  taken  at  slight  concessions  from 
recent  prices.  The  close  is  steady  at  12^,s 
I'll  13c.  for  Lake  copper,  and  \2.10(tl 
12.80c.  for  electrolytic  copper  in  cakes, 
wirebars  and  ingots.  Casting  copper  is 
quoted  nominally  at  12!!.''/ 12\s  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  \8(<i  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14J4c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill 

Speculation  has  been  on  a  much  smaller 
scale,  and  as  a  result  fluctuations  in  the 
rtandard  market  moved  within  narrow 
limits.  The  close  is  cabled  at  .£57  12s. 
6d.  for  spot,  and  £58  lis.  3d.  for  three 
months. 


Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  10,306  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1076  tons. 

Till — The  London  market  remained  firm 
all  through  the  week,  and  contrary  to  all 
expectations  no  effort  has  so  far  been 
made  to  depress  the  market  incidental 
to  the  Banka  sale,  which  takes  place  Nov. 
24  Domestic  consumers,  who  were  buy- 
ers the  middle  of  last  week,  have  again 
stopped  their  purchases.  While  spot 
material  is  firmly  held,  offers  of  futures 
are  made  below  the  import  basis,  with- 
out, however,  leading  to  business.  The 
market  closes  strong  at  £167  15s.  for  both 
spot  and  futures  in  London,  and  about 
36jiiC.  in  New  York. 

Lead — A  little  more  life  was  infused 
into  the  market  due  to  the  advance  of  S2 
per  ton  in  the  price  of  the  leading  sellers. 
The  trade  was  taken  unawares,  and  no 
orders  having  been  placed  in  anticipation 
of  higher  prices,  a  good  business  de- 
veloped at  the  new  level,  the  close  being 
firm  at  4.50c.  New  York,  and  4.35r(/ 4.40c. 
St.  Louis. 

It  is  reported  from  abroad  that  busi- 
ness in  lead  has  been  on  a  very  much 
heavier  scale,  due  to  the  excellent  con- 
sumption from  all  sources.  The  close  is 
firm  at  £13  3s.  9d.  for  Spanish  lead,  and 
£13  6s.  3d.  for  English  lead.  Some  un- 
■  easiness  is  felt  as  to  the  influence  which 
the  disturbances  in  Mexico  may  have 
on  shipments  from  that  country. 

The  American  Smelting  and  Refinng 
Company  on  Nov.  18  advanced  its  price 
for  desilverized  lead  to  4.50c.,  New  York. 

Spelter — The  market  has  been  rather 
dtull  throughout  the  week,  and  lower 
prices  have  been  quoted  on  such  small 
business  as  offered  itself  from  day  to 
day.  A  little  better  tone  developed  at 
the  close,  which  is  steady  at  5.85ff7' 
5.87!Xc.  St.  Louis,  and  6f;/ 6.02' _;c.  New 
York. 

The  London  market  is  unchanged  at 
£24  2s.  6d.  for  good  ordinaries,  and  £24 
7s.  6d.  for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.75  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  interest  in  this  metal 
has  petered  out  and  it  is  again  offered 
freely  at  23c.,  with  the  indication  that 
business  can  be  consummated  M  a  con- 
cession. We  quote  22'jr(/23c.  for  No.  1 
inj;ots. 

Antimony — Business  continues  quiet. 
Prices  have  been  generally  reduced. 
Cookson's  is  now  quoted  at  7'.i  fii  7',sC. 
.per  lb.;  while  7;/. rr(7i4C.  is  asked  for 
U    S.,  aiid  7's';/7'4c.  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — Sales  are  reported  good. 
New  York  quotations  are  S43.50  per  flask 
or    75   lb.    for   large    lots;    S45.50r</ 46:50 


for  jobbing  orders.  San  Francisco,  S43 
for  domestic  orders  and  S2  less  for  ex- 
port. The  London  price  is  £8  per  flask, 
with  £7  15s.  quoted  by  second  hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
fr/70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  S1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business 
40i'r/45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  high  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 


British  Metal  Imports  and    Exports 


Imports  and  exports  of  metals  in  Great 
Britain,  ten  months  ended  Sept.  30,  fig- 
ures in  long  tons,  except  quicksilver, 
which   is  in  pounds: 

Metals:            Imports.  Exports.  Excess. 

Copper,  long  tons     106.888  6Si,02K  Imp.       37,860 

Copper.  1909 142,1185  52,103  Imp.       1)0.882 

Tin.  long  tons....       37,^2ii6  'je.liOS  Imp.        l.uta 

Tin,  1909 :i5,'2.iO  36,046  Imp.            •204 

Lead,  long  tons..      184,925  40,480  Imp.      144,445 

Lead.  1909  no,7:iO  38,630  Imp.      l:!2.100 

Spelter.  I'g  tons..     110,8:i5  7., 53(1  Imp.     Io:),305 

Spelter,  1909 94,^213  6,615  Imp.       .'»7..'i9B 

Quicksilver,  lb,..  3,279,649  1,495.022  Imp,  1,784,637 

Quicksilver,  '09  3,108,671  1.178,137  Imp.  1.9:)0,434 
Ores : 

Tin  ore  and  con.       21,8'25     Imp.       •21.8^25 

Tin  ore,  1909. . .        19.547      Imp.       19,547 

Pyrites 669,-288-  - Imp.     669,288 

Pyrites,   1909...      651,-272      Imp.     661.272 

Copper  totals  include  metallic  contents 
of  ore  and  matte.  Exports  include  re- 
exports of  foreign  material.  Of  the  im- 
ports in  1910,  the  United  States  furnished 
in  all  396  tons  copper  matte,  30,796  tons 
fine  copper,  and  28,391  tons  lead.  This 
lead  was  chiefly  Mexican,  refined  in  this 
country. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markets 


Piatt cville.  Wis.,  Nov.  19— The  highest 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was 
$"17;  the  base  price,  60  per  cent,  zinc, 
was  $46fr(47.  The  base  price  paid  for 
80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  $52  per  ton. 

SHIPMENTS,   WEEK    ENDED   NOV.    19. 


Camps. 


Zinc  Lead    Sulphur 

ore.  111.     ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 

Mineral  Point 1,470, 6i-,0 

Plattevillo 1,198,460 

Cralenn 670,651 

Highland 5^3O.30O 

Bent.ui 4-24,100 

Barker ;l2.'i.'2lKl 

Cuba  city '245,535 

Linden 


80.700 


M.970 
62.600 


432,'MO 


l'*,5!IO 


Total 4,863,906       198,'270       4112,790 

Year  ti  >  date 104.068,085    9,008,324  23,813,980 

Shipped     to     separating     plants,    this 
week,  3,001.200  lb.  zinc  ore. 


JopJin,  Mo..  Nov.  19— The  highest 
price  paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week 
was  .S51,  on  a  base  price  of  S48  per  ton 
of  60  per  cent,   zinc.     Zinc  silicate  ore 


November 


1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1087 


sold  on  a  base  price  of  $23(ii26  per  ton 
pr  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average  price, 
all  grades  of  zinc  ore  was  $43.78.  The 
highest  price  paid  for  lead  ore  this  we^K 
was  .S56  per  ton,  and  the  average  price, 
all  grades,  was  S55.64  per  ton. 

The  zinc  market  was  stronger  again 
this  week,  the  base  price  advancing  to, 
S48;  two  choice  bins  of  ore  in  the  Webb 
City  camp  being  sold  at  that  figure.  Most 
of  the  ore  sold  this  week  was  on  a  .S46 
to  S47.50  base. 

The  lead  market  was  also  stronger,  $56 
being  paid  pretty  generally  all  over  the 
district.  The  lead  smelter,  at  Galena, 
Kansas,  burned  last  Sunday  morning, 
causing  a  loss  of  SI 5,000,  and  their  buy- 
er was  in  the  field  very  lightly  this  week. 

SIIII'MENTS.   WKKK   ENDED   NOV.    HI. 


Wolib  City-Cartervilli^ 

Jcipltn 

oroiiogo 

Altin-N(?ck 

(ialoua 

iMU'iiweg 

Jarksou 

Giaiil)y 

Aurora 

Miami 

SpurKeon 

Sarco.xlo 

BadfTiT 

CarlJunction 

Cartilage 

Cavf  Springs 

Wontwortli 

Totals 


Zinc    111.  Lead  lb.     Value, 


^^,'.\sF,, 

2,ri30, 
743, 


(■•J3, 
IVJ 

.•.c.i 
IllJ, 

332, 
■.IW. 
2.V2, 
Kill, 
1211, 
12->, 


12,038,330 


54(1,370 
255,li40 
173,.-)(U) 

37,(1(1(1 

.>.4iai 

'.1. 8211 

23.114(1 

54,11411 


Ii,7l0 


$liii>,8ui; 

6(),li32 
21.834 
18.851 
13.720 
13,(il7 
10,423 
11,710 
7,3(il 
4,981 
4.960 
4,129 
3.611 
3,380 
2,892 
1,145 
310 


1,107,140     $294,362 


47  weeks .i3(l.ll90.1311  74.877,1)110  $12,469,823 

Ziii'-  value,  the  week,  $263. 547  ;  47  weeks.  $111,526,1172 
Lea, i  value,  tlie  week.     30.8i5;  47  weeks,     1,1143.751 


MOXTIII.Y   .4VEU.\(iE   ritl("ES. 


ZINC  Obe. 

LEAD  ORE. 

Montli. 

Base  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

Feliruary.,.. 
Maicli 

A|Jlll 

.Mnv 

$41.25 
36.94 
37.40 
38.63 
40.116 
44.15 
43.  i»; 
48,25 
47.7(1 
49. 5(1 
51.31 
49.45 

$47.31 
40,69 
43.611 
41.  IK) 
40.19 
40.20 
39.63 
40.13 
43.45 
43.31 



$38.46 
34.37 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.. 54 
44.87 
45.75 
48.29 
47.57 

$45.16 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
.17.51 
37.83 
36.80 
37.32 
39.96 
40.50 

$52.17 
.50.511 
50.82 
55.63 
.56.. 59 
57.52 
.53.74 
57.60 
56.11 
.55.02 
53.94 
.55.26 

$56.99 
53.64 
61.26 
49.72 
48.16 
48.80 
48.69 
49.75 
54.73 
53.18 

,Iuly 

August 

September .. 

October 

November... 
December. . . 

Year 

$43.98 

$41, '20 

$54.60 

XiiTE — T'nder  zinc  ore  ilie  lirsl  two  col- 
umns give  Imsp  pilees  lor  (10  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  tlie  second  two  llie  avei-ftge  for  all  oi-es 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  aie  tlie  aveiage  for 
nil   ores   sold. 


New    Calec'onia    Ore    Exports 
Exports  of  nickel  ore  from  New  Cale- 
donia for  the  eight  months  ended  Aug.  31 
were    55,858    metric    tons.      Exports    of 
chrome  ore  were  25,481   tons. 


CHEM  ICALS 


New  York,  Nov.  19— The  general  mar- 
ket remains  rather  quiet,  but  some  ten- 
dency to  improvement  is  reported. 

The  International  Agricultural  Corpor- 
ation has  added  five  new  members  to  the 


board  of  directors,  all  representatives  of 
the  banking  houses  which  financed  the 
latest  addition  of  capital.  The  new  mem- 
bers are  T.  W.  Lament,  Albert  H.  Wiggin, 
Benjamin  Strong,  Jr.,  Charles  H.  Sabin 
and   Francis  M.  Weld,  all  of  New  York. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  has  been 
quite  active.  Prices  are  unchanged,  at  S4 
per  100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and  .S4.25  per 
100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — The  market  is  dull  again,  and 
quotations  are  at  a  low  point,  ,S2.25  per 
100  lb.  being  quoted  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — The  market  is  rather 
quiet.  Prices  are  unchanged,  at  2.12K.C. 
per  lb.  for  both  spot  and  futures. 

Potash  Salts — A  recent  consular  report 
calls  attention  to  the  Austrian  deposits  of 
potash  salts  at  Kalusz.  Galicia,  where  de- 
velopment is  being  actively  carried  on, 
and  the  possibility  of  a  larf,e  supply  has 
been  shown.  The  Austrian  government 
has  authorized  the  syndicate  working  the 
deposits  to  sell  any  surplus  over  home  re- 
quirements which  may  be  mined,  at  com- 
petitive prices. 

Exports  of  potash  salts  from  Germany 
for  the  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30  were, 
in  metric  tons: 

Kalnit.  etc 

Potassium  chloride.. 
Potassium  suipliate. 
Pot.-magnesium  sul. 

Total 786,431     1,193,320      1.406,889 

Of  the  exports  this  year  704,110  tons, 
or  59  per  cent,  of  the  total,  went  to  the 
United  States. 


leading  Lake  Superior  mines.  Calumet 
officials  deny  all  knowledge  of  it,  but 
the  advance  from  a  low  at  S525  early  in 
the  year  is  considered  significant. 

East  Butte  continues  the  most  active 
feature  of  the  market  and  after  a  period 
of  profit-taking  from  its  recent  high,  the 
price  is  now  recovering.  Lake  Copper 
has  been  quiet  and  inclined  to  be  heavy. 

Practically  all  of  the  Lake  Copper  stock 

COri'EIl    I'ltODTl-TIO.N    liErOUTS. 
Copper  contents  of  blister  coiiper.   in   pounds. 


1909. 

1910. 

Changes. 

512 

.396 

812.416 

I. 

300,1120 

142 

.1123 

190,356 

I. 

48,333 

40 

11(11 

51,916 

I. 

11,015 

91 

111 

138,632 

1. 

47,521 

Company. 

August. 

Septem- 
ber. 

October. 

Anaconda 

Ari/.ona.  Ltd 

Balaklai.'i 

Boleo  (Mexico) 

Copi>er  Queen 

Calumet  S:  Ariz 

Caiinnea  (Mexico).. 
I>etroit...  ; 

2,620,000 

2.039',.520 
7,796.559 
2,560,oilO 
3,626,000 
2.100,000 

22.200.000 
2.(i72,000 

nil 
2,061,300 
6,903,759 
2,535.000 
3,565.(1110 
2.128.0O0 

625,840 

nil 

2"2li",436 
5,151,208 
2,262.000 
1,418,000 
2,125,0(KI 
7,077,035 

l'li.7(lb',666 

22.1(KI,000 
3,(104,000 
928.360 
2.278,464 
7,000.796 
1,990,000 
3.576.000 
1  757  836 

Kast  Butte 

948,369 
nil 

'i,7iri',i68 

5,250.000 
■,!,345.000 
1,286.000 
2.095,000 

luijieriai 

Aiammoth 

M'>etezuma  (Mex.). 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Dominion 

Shfiniion 

Superior  &  Pitts.... 

Ot.ih  Clipper  Co 

Butte  l.)|stl-ict 

Lake  Superior 

400,000 

1,630.204 
6,0.52.621 
2.693.(100 
1,546.(1110 
2,5211,1111(1 
7,440,1135 
23,7,50,000 
18,800,000 

is'.ai'o'.ooo 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bai's.  etc.. 

85,473,949 
13,324,788 

98,798,727 
5,156.204 

79,«28,,571 
24,303.859 

Total  blister 

103.932.430 
5.776.436 

Net  blister  rep. . . 

93.642..523 
13,031,2,54 

98.155.995 
6,782.067 

Imp.  in  ore  &  matte 

Total 

106,673,777 

103.938.062 

^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


lUitte  (Ustrict  and  Lake  Superior  figures  are 
esliniated;  others  are  re|»oi-is  received  from 
companies.  Imports  duplicate  production  of 
rananea.  and  Mocie/.nnia.  I'.oleo  copi>er  does 
noi  come  to  American  reliiiers.  T'tali  Copper 
[■■■P"il  includes  Ilie  oiilpul  of  tlie  Uoston  mill. 
I'.iilte  district  production  from  Septemher  is 
::i\en   innier  Anaconda   and    Kast    Hutte. 


Nen>  York.  Nov.  23-The  stock  markets  statistics  ol^  coiter. 

generally  have  shown  a  little  more 
strength  in  some  specialties,  but  no  gen- 
eral advances.  Ti'ading  continues  chiefly 
professional,  and  the  public  does  not  seem 
to  be  concerning  itself  to  any  great  ex- 
tent. 

The  Curb  market  has  been  active  in 
spots,  and  rather  irregular.  Copper  stocks 
have  held  up  well  and  have  been  in  fair 
demand.  Cobalt  stocks  have  done  about 
as  well  as  any  section  of  the  market,  and 
hold  their  prices.  The  Nevada  stocks 
do  not  show  much  volume  of  business. 

Auction  sales  of  mining  stocks  in  New 
York,  Nov.  17.  included  5000  shares  Sun 
&  Moon  Mining  and  Milling  Company, 
S105  for  the  lot;  40,000  shares  Ohio  Cop- 
per, SIO  par,  12'Sc.  per  share;  28,128 
shares  United  Copper  common,  .S4.87'l. ; 
18,700  shares  Davis-Daly,  second  assess- 
ment unpaid,  82c.  per  share. 

Boston,  Nov.  21 — Copper  shares  con- 
tinue firm  in  tone,  but  lack  animation  ex- 
cept in  spots.  A  S42  advance  in  the 
price   of  Calumet  &   Hecla   shares  to  a 

high   at  $602    has  brought  out   rumors   to  I'imnes  are  in  iiounds  of  line  copper.     V.  s. 

•  u         a      .   .1.    1                     1- .     ..  produellon    iluludes   all   copper    rellned    in    tills 

the  ettect   that  a  consolidation   of  its  var-  counlry.    Imlli    from    domesllc    and    imported 

loii<!   <:iih«Hi!ir!ps   Mtac   tn   ha  ait^„t„j  material.       Visible    stocks    are    those    reported 

lous  sunsiaiarses  was  to  be  effected  pre-     „„  ii,e  nrst  day  of  each  month,  as  brought 
limin.iry  to  a  general  consolidation  of  the     "^^''  ^''""  "^^  preceding  monih. 


Month. 

tinited 

Stales 

Produefn. 

Deliveries, 
Dtimestlc. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

XI.  1909 

XII 

121.618.369 
117.828,655 

611.857.873 
69.619.501 

55.266,696 
69,546,570 

Year 

1.405.403,051! 

706.051,591 

680.1142,620 

X,  1910 

116.,547,287 
112,712.493 
12(1.0117.467 
117.477.1139 
123,242.4711 
127.2111.188 
1I8,371I.IK)3 
127.803,618 
119.519.983 
126.469,28-1 

78,158,387 
66,618,322 
62,844,818 
67.985.1151 
.■>11.3115,222 
.53.311:1,196 
56.708.175 
67.731.271 
64..5UI.018 
07,814,172 

81.(191,672 
37.31111,518 
40..5s.'i.767 
31,332.434 
45.4115.400 
65.81)5.948 
59.41)7.167 

II 

Ill 

IV      

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

75,106,496 
68,186,912 

X 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

Onitod 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

XI.  191)9 

XII 

I,  1910 

II 

Ill 

163..509.626 
1.53,003,627 
141,766.111 
118,4113.339 
1(17,187,992 
123,824,874 
141,984,1.59 
160.425,973 
168,386.017 
170.640,678 
lr,8.881.245 
148.793.714 
139,261.914 

222.r)66.4(HI 
236.857,61X1 
244.204.800 
248.236.8(10 
254, 1.50. 4(H) 
249.(125.600 
24I1,870.4(H) 
239,142.401) 
232.892.8(10 
222.32ll.()(Hl 
218.444, .SIMI 
211.276.80(1 
198,11110,800 

376.076,026 
389.861.127 
385.970.911 
346.71H).139 
3«1.3:«.392 
373.460,474 
:t88. 854,669 
399,568,373 
401,278,817 
392,960,678 
387.326.046 
3(10.(170.514 
a37.:l22.714 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

1088 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


November  2b,  1910. 


recently  offered  to  stockholders  at  S35 
per  share  was  taken  by  them  and  the 
remaining  1086  shares  of  treasury  stock 
will  be  sold  at  public  auction.  Nov.  30. 
in  accordance  with  a  custom  of  Massa- 
chusetts corporations.  This  will  remove 
any  criticism  that  the  underwriters  took 
advantage  of  their  position  to  get  cheau 
stock.  The  entire  100,000-share  issue 
will  then  be  subject  to  future  assess- 
ment calls  of  S22  per  share. 

Rhode  Island  Coal  has  been  the  Curb 
feature,  with  an  advance  to  above  $10 
per  share.  Pennsylvania  coal  interests 
have  taken  an  interest  in  this  property 
and  the  company  has  decided  to  offer 
20,000  shares  of  treasury  stock  at  SIO 
per  share.  United  Verde  Extension  has 
been  listed  oh  the  Curb,  and  is  up  to 
S3.37'<.  Both  Calaveras  and  Tuolumne 
have  shown  material  advances. 


Assessinoiits 


Cnmpauy. 


Deliiici.j    Sale. 


Amador  C.  4;  G.,  Ida Dec. 

Bouanza  Mt.  Copper,  Ida.  . .  Nov. 

Caledonia,  Nev Dec. 

Cedar  Creek,  Ida Nov. 

Chollar,  Nev Dec. 

Columbus  Con.,  Utah  Nov. 

Gold  Mt.  Champion,  Utah..  Dec. 

Gould  &  Cun-y,  Nev 

Gray  Copper.  Ida 

Hrirseshoe,  Ida 

Hypotheek,  Ida 

Ida.  Belcher  M.  .v  M..  Ida. 
Ida.  Copper  M.  Lt<l.,  Ida.. . 

Iron  Mask.  Ida 

Kevstone.  Utah Dec. 

Little  North  Fork.  Ida Nov. 

Luekv  Swede  G.  &  C,  Ida. . .  Dec.     1 

Mex.  Con.  M.  &  M '  Nov.  15 

Mineral  Farm,  Ida Nov.  12 

North  Star,  Ida Nov.  2K 

Reindeer  C.  &  G..  Ida Oct.    I.t 

Silver  Queen,  Utah Dec.  l.i 

Trans.-Cont.  S.  &  C,  Ida Nov.  24 


1.")  Jan. 

IS 

'J 
14 

5 
2(1 

I 


Nov. 
Dec. 

Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 


Dec. 
Dec. 


Dec. 
Dec. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Dec. 
22  Dec. 
IBjDec. 

m 

l.olDec. 
Dec. 
Deo. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Dec. 


Amt. 


$0 .  01 
O.uel 
o.m 

0.(1(14 
O.ltl 

u.io 
o.nu} 

0.10 

0.001 

0.002 
0.007 
0 .  002* 
0.003 
0.(MI2' 
0.0.5 
0.004 
0.001 
1.00 
O.OO-S 
0.001 
0.003 
0  004 
0002 


•One-half   mill. 


lloiillilv    \vernsre  Prices  of  Metals 

SII.VKlt 


New  York.       London. 

Month. 

1009.  1  1010. 

1909. 
23.843 

1910, 

.-.1.750' 52.37.'-. 

24  154 

Fei>r(iary 

.-.1.472.51. 534  23.701'. 

23.794 

Mar.-li 

.50.468  51.4.54  23.227123  1190 

April 

51  428.53.221  23  7(1K;21   483 

May 

.52. 905  .53. 870  24.313  24  797 

.June 

.52.638  .53.402  2'   li'.i;  24  ,  i;51 

July 

51.043  .54.1.50  23. .519  25.034 

51.125.52,912 

23 . 588 

24.428 

September 

.51.440  53.296 

23.743 

24.567 

October 

.50  923  55.490 

23.502 

25.69(i 

November 

.50.703 

23.351 

52.226 

24.030 

Total 

51  502 



23.700 

New    York,    cents    per    fine    ounce ;    London. 
pence    per    standard    ounce. 

rori'KR. 


January  — 
Febniai-y. . . 

March 

April 

May 

Juno.; 

July 

AUgUHt 

September  . 

Octf.i.er. 

November. . 
December. . 

year 


xiiw  York. 


Electrolytic 


1909. 


13.893 
12.949 
12.387 
12. 50 1 
12.893 
13.214 
12.880 
13.00' 
12.870 
12.7((0 
13.1'26 
13. '298 


2.982 


Lake. 


1910.     1909.  I  1910,     1909.  \  1910. 


870  ( 

719  ; 


,198j(',0 

(;hH|59 

,.■2311.59 

,303 1 57 
I  338  50 
I.  ('.'27 '55 
i..-.50'.-.4 


13  '2911 

12  715 

59  393 

13.210 

12.0118 

59.021 

13  030 

12.788 

.57.. 551 

13.3,54 

.58.917 

13.047 

.59.!Hlfi 

13.335 

58.732 

Tl.N 

AT    M'".\V    Y(II;K 

Jlonth. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January  . . . 
FebruaiT  ■ ■ 

March 

April 

May 

June 

■28.060 
'28. '290 
'28.7-27 
'29.445 
'29.225 
'29  322 

32.700 
32. 9-20 
32.403 
32.976 
33.1'25 
32.769 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December. . 

Av  Year.. 

■29.1'25 
■29.966 
30. '293 
30.475 
30.859 
32.913 

32.095 
33.972 
34.982 
36.190 

'29.725 

SAN  FRANCISC'tl. 


Nov.  -Jl. 


Prices  arc  in   cents  per  pound. 


LEAH 


Month. 


January... 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

.\UgU3t 

September 
October.... 
November. 
December . 

Year...   . 


923 
388 
214 
'238 
313 
310 
194 
733 


New  Voi'lc.  cenis  per  pound.  Kleelrolytlc  Is 
for  cnkes.  Inpnls  or  wirebnrs.  I.nndnn,  pounds 
Rterllng.   per   Innir  ton.   sinndnrd   copper. 


New  York. 


1909. 


4.1' 

4. OIK 

3  98(1 
4,108 
4. '287 

4  3,50 
4.321 
4.303 
4.34 
4.341 
4.370 
4. 5(10 


4.273 


1910. 


4.' 

4,013 

4  459 

4.376 

4.315 

4.343 

4.404 

4 .  l(-« 

4  400 

4.400 


1909. 


4. 0-25 
3.868 
3.835 
4.051 
4.214 
4. -291 
4.1S8 
4,'2'27 
4.215 
4  '215 
4. '252 
4.4.59 


4.153 


1910. 


4 .  582 
4 .  445 
4.307 
4.  ■2-25 
4.104 
4. '2(17 
4  291 
4  290 
4. 
4.271 


1909. 


13.113 

13.313 

13.438 

13. -297 

13.225 

13  (131 

12  503 

12.4 

12.781 

13.1 

13.047 

13.1'25 


13.049 


650 
32S 
i)(;3 

1141 
550 
OSS 
.531 
.513 
.  582 
.((91 


New   York   and    Sf.    Louis,   cents  per   pound. 
r,ondon.  pounds  sterlins  per  lou:;   Ion. 


«;ri:L 

PER 

Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

Loudon. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

5.141 
4 .  889 

4 .  757 
4.9(15 
5.1'24 
5  402 
5  402 

5 .  729 
5.7911 
0.199 
0.381 
0.'249 

0.1(11 
5.509 
5.637 
5.4'39 
5.191 
5.1'28 
5.152 
3. '279 
5.514 
5.6'28 

4.991 
4.739 
4.007 
4.815 
4.974 
5. '2.52 
5 .  252 
5.. 579 
5.040 
6.043 
6. '231 
0.099 

5.951 
5.419 
5.4S7 
5 .  289 
5.041 
4 .  978 
5  1102 
5.12'.' 
5.304 
5.4^8 

21.4'25 
21.502 
21.43H 
21, 531 
21.975 

22  Oco 
21  '.lO'.i 
■22.1-25 
22.900 

23  -..(ill 
-23.188 
'23.094 

23.350 
•23.188 
-23.031 
22 .409 
22 . 100 
-22.094 

July 

22  4(K1 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December. . . 

•22.800 
23  105 
23.900 

Year 

5.503 

5.352 

■22. '201 

New   York  and   St.   I.ouis.   cents   per  pound. 
I.ontlon,  pounds  sterling  per   long   Ion. 

IM!I(M-;S    <->F    I'K;    iron    at    PITTSBfltf). 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

$17.18 

$19.90 

$16.40 

$17.96 

$16. '26 

$17.94 

February.. . . 

16.73 

18.96 

16.09 

17. '21 

15.90 

17.38 

Man-h   

16  40 

18.53 

15.84 

16.93 

13.62 

17.00 

April 

15.79 

18.28 

16.03 

16.84 

15.06 

10.75 

May 

15.77 

17.10 

15.02 

15.94 

13.08 

10.18 

Juno 

16.13 

16.. 52 

15.84 

13.60 

15.63 

15. 53 

July 

16.40 

16.41 

15.90 

15.40 

13.96 

15.40 

August 

17.10 

16.09 

16.17 

14.89 

16.20 

15.10 

September  . . 

18.44 

15.92 

10.80 

14.73 

17.03 

14.93 

October 

19.75 

15. 9( 

17.84 

14.05 

18.02 

14.88 

November. . . 

19.90 

18.37 

18.09 

December... 

19.90 

18.15 

17.90 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPEINGS  Nov. 21     SALT  LAKE 


Name  of  Comp. 

Acacia 

Cripple  Cr.'k  Con. 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

FIndlay 

Gold  Dollar 

Gr.ld  S'lvorolgn. . 

Isabtdla    

Jennie  Semplo  .. 

L(*xington 

Moon  .\nchor 

Ol'l  Gold   -.. 

Mary  McKlnney. 

Pharmacist '. . 

P^.rtland  

Vindicator 

Work 


Bid. 


.05{ 
.02.? 
.15 
.09] 
.751 
.89' 
t.05 
.07 
.13 
.031 
.17J 
.10! 
.oil 

.02' 
.04 
.49 
.022 

1.14 
,894 

t  03 


Nov.  21 


Name  of  Comp. 


Bingham  Copper 

Carisa 

Colorado  Milting 
Columbus  Con.. 

Daly  Judg(. 

Grand  Central. . . 

Iron  Itlossom 

Little  liell 

Little  Chlet 

Lower  Mammoth. 
Mason  Valley  . 

Ma].   Mines 

Mnv  Day 

Nevada  Hills.. 

New  York 

Prlnct*  Con 

Sliver  King  Coal'n 

Sioux  Con 

Uncle  Bam 

Victorin 


Name  of  Comp. 

CIg. 

COMSTOCK  Stocks 

.05 
.49 
.'25 
.17 
.15 
.06 

J.  70 
.90 
.48 
.05 
.17 
.92 
.42 

1.07 
.30 
.30 
.09 
.15 
.16 
.39 

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Confidence 

Con,  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  CuriT.... 
Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Occidental 

Savage ; . 

Sierra  Nevada.... 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket 

Name  of  Comp.     Bid 


Misc.  Net.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  HUl 

Silver  pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka  . 
Sf..  Eureka 


4.45 

1.03 

.'29 

.'23 

.18 

.05 

..50 

.13 

{.09 

.13 

.'20 

.2-2 

.06 

.03 

00 

.14 

.02 

Jl.OO 

tl.'25 


N.  Y.  EXCH.  Nov.  21;    BOSTON  EXCH.    Nov. '21 


Name  of  Comp. 

Amalgamated 

Am.  Agrl.  Cbem.. 
.\m.Sm.4Ret.,com 
Am.Sm.  A  Ref.,pt. 

Anaconda 

BethlehemSteelpf 
Col.  &Hock.C.  &I. 
Federal  M.&S.,pf 
Goldfleld  Con. . . . 
Great  Nor.,  ore ctt, 

Homestake 

Nat'nalLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  (-.uis.il 

Pittsburg  Coal.. . 
RopublicliS.coiu 
Republic  I  &S,  pf 
SlossSbeffl'd.coni. 
SlossSheflleld.  pf. 
■Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com. . . 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


clg. 


09  K 
45 
80 1, 
106 
41  »4 
61 

t6 

58 
8 

.59)^ 
{S5 
t59 
KiO!^ 

■>l>'i 
121 '. 

'.18      I 
,51 'i! 

;uo 
37 

50', 
80 

118>.i 
63 


Name  of  Comp. 


N.  y.  CURB 


Name  of  Comp.      Clg 


Bid. 

tiT 
.10 
.43 

,28} 

J4  '25 

.80 

80 

.13J 
.10 
.53 
.11 
.'25 
.13 
.82 
80 
.■28  J 
.51) 
.07.) 


.\riz.-Cananea . . . 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek. . 
Braden  Cpper. . 

B.  C.  Copper 

BufTalo  Mines... 
Butte  Coalition.. 

Caleilonia 

(■iUu[net  &  Mont. 
Canadian  :\li!u^s. 

Cbino 

C<..balt  Central.. . 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop. . . 
Ely  On 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Glroux 

Greene  Cananea. . 

Guana]  uato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper  — 

Mines  Co.  of  Am. , 

Mont.  Shoshone.. 

Mont.-Touopah. ,. 

Nev.  Utah  M.  b  S. 

Nipissing  Mines., 

Old'.  Copper 

Pnciflc  Sm.  &  M.. 

Precious  Metals.. 

Ray  Central 

Rav  Con 

S..uthntali  M.JtS. 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopab  

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-Bulllon 

Tularosa 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


1>. 

■♦■  r. 
+lb 

fi 

iU 
as 

20?i 

n 

'24 '4 
9 

lis 

17 
54 

7X 

1^ 

198 
7«' 
4X. 
1.'25 

5Ji 
14 
92 

1« 
I07i 

li". 
1% 

20^ 
IK 
{619 


3ft 


Adventure 

Algomah 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin . . 

Butte  &  Balak 

Calumet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercnr 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion... 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Bost. 
Superior  &  Pitts. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf. 

'Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


8* 
10 
43« 
30 

ir, 

17)i 
7X 
{.50 
16X 


LONDON       Nov.  22 


Name  of  Com, 

Dolores 

Stratton'slud. 
Camp  Bird.... 

Esperanza 

Totilboy 

El  Oro 

Orovllle 

Mexico  Mines 


600  > 
18 

3'< 
Wi 
llJi 
45 

25'i 
ti 

ie>, 
«•« 

3X 
36X 

8 
{9".- 

*« 
48 
■20X 

35  ;i 

8 

{8 

{42,', 

{132 

{14X 

78 

13^4 

48 

7X 
U>» 
61 

6K 
3«X 
4714 

3 

{» 
9X 
{ISl 

ta« 

BOSTON  CURB  Nov. 'il 
^lune  of  C(Tmp.  Last. 
{188 

m 

i.r 
r, 

05 
i 

9S 

as 

B5 
04 
•if* 
•2'. 
SI 
10 


Clg. 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Minos. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyoct.lo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion.  ...■-.. 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ai-lz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve... 
First  Nat.  Cop... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

Majestic 

Natl  Mine  «:  Ex 
Nevada-Douglas 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper.,. 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Ant(Uilo 

Shattnck-Al'iz... 

South  Lake 

Superior  ,t  Globe 

Ti*(*thewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


{10 


JT.nst  riiintnli" 


jTiTfnTi'iDit'vrfm't'rm'rmTm'iTi't^ 


rfiTTnTPi-i-iTiTr 


°[si^  E  N  Gr  1 N  E  E  R I N  Gr  ■^d'^ 
MINING    JOURNAL 

^      PUBLISHED       ^W^  E  E  K  L  Y 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  <%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary -%.  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Engminjour,  N.  Y.  <%  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mixico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  ■%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ■%.  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  writt«;n  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ■%.  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
/%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


December  3,  1910. 


NO.  23 


CIRCULATION    STATEMENT 
Diirintj     lilO!)     IOC    printed    and     circulated 
5;t4,."iiHP     ciiiiiis    of    The     Bnoineerinu    and 
Minim;   .lui  i;sal. 

imr    circitluiioit     for  ■ -October^     1!H(>,     was 
3!l,."ilH)  coiiiCK. 

Dcccmhcr    3 ll.dDO 

Xiittc  srtit  free  rcf/ularly.  no  buck  iinmbcrH. 
Fitiurcs   arc    live,    net    circulation. 


Contents  page 

Edllorials  : 

Australasian   Gold    I'roduotion lOSi) 

The  I'otash  Salt  ()iiestion IDS!) 

Stale    Mini'    Inspection Ui'JU 

Correspondenee  and    Dlsciissiun  : 

Cfiiiperatiiin  Iietween  tlie  I'nited 
States  (Jeuln^ieal  Survey  and  tlie 
Unreau  of  Mines.  ...  I'oisoniny  l>.v 
Cyanide.  .  .  .  Keepinj;  Notes.  .  .  .Min- 
In;;  and  Smelling  in  <.'oioi"ado.  . .  . 
Vertieal  Curves  in  Siiaf ts.  .  .  .Tile 
I-"Mniily  Cil'l'le.  .\miM.ienn  Lonj?- 
wall  ".Milliner  Meiliods.  ..  .Preven- 
tion of  Dost  in   .Mills 11102 

Details   of    I'raetieal    .Minins : 

•Measuring    I'oekets    for    Skips.... 

Acetylene   Lamps   in    Mines  ....  Com- 

lilnalion    Timber    Hoist    and    Wincli 
......\  Varialilr'  IliKlit  Hammer.... 

Moisture  in  Copper  IJiilli(Ui ...  .  Kiec- 

trle    Hoisting    i'lnu'ines .  .  .  .  *Crusiier 

I'iaul    of    llie    cievelnnd clin's    iron 
Comiiauv  .  .  .  .  •Clnsing  Cable  Way  in 

KuKlne    Hooni    Wails.  ... 'Tile    liaek 

Sight     Lamp  .  .  .  . 'i'lie     Xeeessitv     for 

l-'rei>   Silica    in   i'yrlle  Smelling'.....    10!I4 

Alluvial    ibild    Deposits    and    Mining    In 

Colombia /'.  ,1.  Aliii   10(18 

American    Smelting    and    Hofinlng    Com- 

|iany     109!) 

Iron  (Ire  Situation  in  Kast  Texas 110(1 

'Annual     Report     of     Siiannon     Copper 

Company     1102 

Mineral   I'lodnetlon  of  Peru llo:! 

(;oni|ileiion  of  tlie  Itoosevelt  Deep  Drain- 
age   Tunnel 1104 

V\>l)b    City    Smelting    and    Manufactur- 
ing  Company 1  lli4 

Mlnas  Pedrazzlni  Operations  near  Ari/.pe. 

Somu-a Edirartl    I,.    Ditf'mrri/    110."» 

•The  Huddle  as  a  Concenlrator  of  Cop- 

|ier  Slimes Cliindc   T.   Hire   11117 

I'roposed    Itequlrements    for    Mining    Se- 
curities        lino 

N'ote^    on    Ih'^    tjeologv    of    Snow    Storm 

Mine.    Idallo (Ironic   llnxton    1100 

N'otea  on  Zinc-I.ead  Mining  In  Missouri. 

./o/j/ja    Cot  rrsiionihncc   1110 

'An   .Vustrallan   Kleclrrdvlle   Copper   Ite- 

llnery H.   a.   CiiHCii.  .Ir.   1111 

landlcaps  of  Ulgld  Working  House....    111."i 

juenehlng    and   T'onveving"  (las    Coke. 

If.     Trnlon   1117 

I  'oroner'B    .Tiirv     Suggests    New     Mining 

Utiles     .  .  ." 1117 

'^lushing  Culm  Into  Antliracile  Mines..    1117 
"olorado  Fuel  and   Iron  Company 111.S 

.'aniieH   and    Prevention    of   Colllerv    IIx 

lllnslons     Ills 

''Mining  Cnal  In  .\ortliern  West  Virginia   1110 

••>w    Pulilballons 11 'JO 

I'eraonal,   Obituary  and   Societies IlL'l 

lldltorlal    Correspondence llli'J 

I  lining   News 1 1  '^4 

Inrkets    li:i(, 

lllntng    Index 1i:!7 

dividends     1 1 4ci 

I    'IltllHtrntrd. 


Australasian  Gold  Production 


The  decrease  in  gold  production  in 
Australasia  which  has  been  going  on  for 
several  years  is  again  manifest  during 
the  current  year,  though  In  rather  a 
smaller  ratio.  For  the  nine  months  ended 
Sept.  30  the  production  in  the  Common- 
wealth of  Australia  and  in  New  Zealand 
shows  a  decrease  of  5.8  per  cent.,  as 
compared  with  the  corresponding  period 
of  1909.  This  ratio  of  loss  may  be  some- 
what lowered  by  the  returns  of  the  last 
quarter,  which  are  apt  to  be  swelled  by 
the  final  returns  from  the  metallurgical 
works;  but  they  leave  no  doubt  that  the 
year  will  show  another  decrease. 

The  accompanying  table  gives  the  of- 
ficial returns,  in  fine  ounces,  from  four 
of  the  States  of  Australia  and  from  New 
Zealand.  The  production  of  Tasmania 
and  South  Australia,  which  do  not  make 
monthly  returns,  is  estimated.  South 
Australia  includes,  as  usual,  the  Northern 
Territory. 

(iOI.D  I'KODfCTION  OF  AUSTRALASIA. 

I'liKi.  I'.iin.     Changes. 
West'n  Australia    l.l<i:).7i:i       l.ow.iiiil  D.       '.i9.712 

Victoria ir,:ij,:tr,  4i;),iihi  D.       4ii,i:ir. 

Queensland ;rj7.ll'2'.)  32i;,lls'.l  D.             ',140 

New  South  Wains       15ii,U22  145,111)11  D.         .l.SM 

Siiuth  Aiistraila,.          U.rao  s.'.Miu    I.           'J.'iii 

Taaniaula ...        3;i,000  36,luu   1.        l.riiHi 

Comnionwe'lth    2,lt;4.449        2,019,580  D.      144,N611 
Now  Zealand 84«,7'24  847,216  D.  1,509 

Total,  flnaoz..    2,5i:!,173       2.36fi,7!)5  D.     140,378 
Total  value. ...$51,1147.286    $48,921,053  D.$3.025,633 

There  is  little  to  be  said  specifically  of 
the  different  returns.  The  Queensland 
production,  which  shows  the  smallest  de- 
crease, has  been  kept  up  mainly  by  the 
Mount  Morgan  operations,  where  the  in- 
creasing copper  output  continues  to  yield 
a  fair  proportion  of  gold.  Deep  mining 
in  New  Zealand  has  done  well,  the  small 


loss  in  production  being  due  to  the  lower 
yield  from  the  gold  dredges. 

The  only  new  district  in  Australia  from 
which  returns  come  this  year  is  the 
Southern  Cross  field  in  Western  Australia. 
Great  hopes  are  entertained  of  this  dis- 
trict, which  has  attracted  many  pros- 
pectors; but  not  enough  work  has  yet 
been  done  to  show  its  real  value  and  im- 
portance. 


The  Potash  Salts  Question 


The  potash  salts  question,  of  which  we 
have  heard  a  great  deal  through  the  daily 
press,  still  remains  unsettled  and  a 
source  of  possible  trouble  between  Ger- 
many and  this  country.  The  German 
government  has  practically  declined  to 
consider  the  representations  of  our  State 
Department,  and  our  own  Government 
hesitates  to  enforce  the  implied  threat 
of  higher  differential  duties  on  German 
products.  The  German  claim  is  that  it  Is 
not  a  question  of  duties,  but  of  internal 
administration  and  conservation  of  na- 
tional resources,  on  which  it  cannot  con- 
sent to  any  interference  from  abroad. 

We  have  heretofore  referred  to  this 
question  at  length.  Briefly,  the  Kall-Syn- 
dikat,  which  for  years  had  controlled  and 
sold  the  product  of  the  German  mines, 
was  broken  up  by  internal  dissensions 
last  year,  but  was  soon  reconstituted  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  Prussian  govern- 
ment, which  owns  several  of  the  mines. 
In  the  brief  interval,  however,  American 
companies  secured  control,  by  purchase 
or  contract,  of  several  mines  from  which 
they  could  obtain  supplies  at  less  cost 
than  they  had  bought  from  the  syndicate. 


1090 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


These  contracts  could  not  well  be   abro- 
gated; but  they  were  practically  nullified 
by  a  new-  law,  the  passage  of  which  the 
Prussian  State  procured  from  the  Imper- 
ial   government.      Under   the  remarkable 
provisions  of  this  law  it  is  obligatory  on 
all  mines  of  potash  salts  to  belong  to  the 
syndicate;   and   allotments  of   production 
are  made  to  each  mine  by  a  committee  ap- 
pointed by  the  government.      The    allot- 
ments of  the  so  called  "American"  mines 
are  much  less  than  the   quantity   desired 
from   them;    and   as   the    law    imposes    a 
heavy  tax  on   any   excess   of   production 
over  the  allotment,  the  cost  to  the  owners 
of  the  full  quantity  they  hoped  to  secure 
may  be  actually   greater  than   the   prices 
fi.xed  by  the  syndicate.     The  negotiations 
which  our    State    Department    undertook, 
on  representation  of  the  American    com- 
p-nies,   were    for   the    purpose    of   doing 
away  with  this  discrimination;  and  these 
have  failed,  for  the  reasons  given  above. 
Germany  has  a  practical  monopoly  of 
the  world's  supply  of  potash  salts,  which 
are  so  important  in  agriculture.  The  only 
other   possible    source    of    supply     is     m 
Austria;   and   the   discoveries  of  deposits 
there  are  too  recent  to  enable  anyone  to 
judge  their  extent  .nnd  importance.    There 
is  no  means   of  enforcing   the    American 
claims  except  through  a  tariff  war.     This 
might  be  brought  on,  should  our  Govern- 
ment  seek   to    retaliate    by    enforcing   on 
German  products  the  higher  or  differen- 
tial  duties   authorized   by    the    Payne-Al- 
drich  tariff  law. 

Like  a  good  many  international  dis- 
cussions the  negotiations  on  this  question 
have  been  largely  bluffing  on  both  sides. 
So  far,  it  must  be  admitted,  Gemiany 
has  had  the  best  of  it.  The  German  gov- 
ernment has  the  advantage  in  its  actual 
possession  of  the  potash  salts,  which  we 
must  have;  and  in  the  knowledge  that 
our  Government  may  well  hesitate  over 
a  measure  which  would  disturb  import- 
ant business  interests  and  bring  on  dis- 
cussions of  tariff  matters  which  it  would 
certainly  consider  undesirable  in  the 
present  condition  of  public  opinion  on  the 
subject. 

There  is  another  point.  The  "Ameri- 
can" mines  are  owned,  or  under  contract 
to,  the  large  companies  which  practically 
control  the  manufacture  of  commercial 
fertilizers  in  this  country.  After  all.  it 
makes  little  difference  to  the  buyers  of 
these  fertilizers  whether  they  pay  toll  to 
the  German  Kali-Syndikat  or  the  Ameri- 


can Fertilizer  Trust.  As  Americans  we 
might  prefer  to  see  the  advantage  rest  on 
our  side  of  the  water;  but  the  final  prac- 
tical difterence  is  too  small  to  be  worth  a 
general  commercial  contest. 


State  Mine  Inspection 


The  Committee  on  Legislation  for  the 
Prevention  of  Mine  Accidents  reported 
that  in  its  opinion  a  great  deal  more 
money  should  he  appropriated  for  mine 
inspection  by  the  States  in  which  mining 
is  an  important  industry  than  any  one  of 
them  allows  at  the  present  time.  This 
makes  it  a  matter  of  interest  to  examine 
what  are  the  present  appropriations. 

Colorado  appropriates  S13,500  per  an- 
num, this  covering  the  salary  of  the  com- 
missioner of  mines,  three  mine  inspectors, 
a  clerk,  a  stenpgrapher,  and  the  traveling 
and  office  expenses  of  the  organization. 

Nevada  appropriates  $9000  per  an- 
num, of  which  the  inspector  receives 
S3t)00.  deputy  inspector,  S2400,  while 
S1800  are  allowed  for  traveling  expenses 
and  SI 200   for  office  expenses. 

Montana  pays  a  salary  of  S2500  per 
annum  to  its  mine  inspector.  SI 800  to 
the  deputy  mine  inspector  and  allows 
S2000  for  oftice  and  traveling  expenses. 

Minnesota,  holding  in  trust  for  the 
school,  university  and  other  funds,  has 
leased  35.207  acres  of  its  large  area  of 
iron  land.  Only  about  16  of  these  leases, 
however,  are  productive,  their  output 
amounting  to  about  1.000.000  tons  per  an- 
num. To  keep  men  on  the  ground  to 
check  up  the  shipments  from  these  mines, 
and  also  to  see  that  the  mines  are  prop- 
erly operated,  the  State  appropriates  SIO,- 
000  per  annum. 

The  State  of  Michigan  makes  no  ap- 
propriation for  the  inspection  of  mines, 
but  Sections  5492  to  5499  of  the  compiled 
laws  of  1897  provide  for  mine  inspection 
by  county  inspectors.  These  inspectors 
arc  appointed  by  the  county  boards  of 
supervisors,  and  their  salary  and  ex- 
penses are  paid  by  them.  This  applies 
only  to  the  copper  and  iron  inines  of  the 
upper  peninsula.  The  coal  mines  of 
Michigan  are  inspected  by  an  inspector 
under  the  authority  of  the  Labor  Com- 
missioner. 

Idaho  makes  an  annual  allowance  of 
S5400,  of  which  S2400  is  for  the  salary 
of  the  inspector,  and  the  remainder  for 


traveling    and    office    expenses,    including 
the  publication  of  an  annual  report. 

Missouri  makes  the  following  appropri- 
ations for  the  purpose  of  metalliferous 
mining  inspection:  For  contingent  and 
traveling  expenses  of  the  three  inspectors, 
S3600;  for  salary  of  the  three  inspector?, 
S5400;  for  contingent  expenses  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines,  S2800;  for  salary  of  the 
secretary  of  the  bureau.  S1800;  total, 
SI  3,600. 

So  far  as  we  are  aware  no  appropria- 
tion is  made  by  California,  Arizona,  New 
Mexico  or  Utah.  New  York,  with  40 
underground  mines,  has  an  inspector 
under  the  authority  of  the  labor  com- 
missioner, but  his  inspections  are  rather 
ineffective.  Obviously  the  sums  appro- 
priated for  mine  inspection  by  seven  im- 
portant States  are  ridiculously  small. 


Tcmpiis   fugit!    In  these  days  of  mil- 
lion-dollar   bond    issues    and    plans    for 
milling  thousands  of  tons  of  ore  per  day, 
it  is  interesting  to  look  back  only  a  few 
years  and  learn  to  what  extent  imagina- 
tion and  ambition  have  expanded.  Nevada 
Consolidated  was  introduced  to  the  east- 
ern  public   in   1905,  upon  a  conservative 
report  by  .1.   Parke  Channing,  ultra  con- 
servative   we    thought    at    the    time,    who 
reckoned  5.600.000  tons  of  2'i  per  cent, 
ore   as   positively   developed.     The   stock 
was  placed  at  S4.50  per  share.  1,300.000 
shares  being  issued.     Miami,  with  2,500,- 
000  tons  of  2  '4  per  cent,  ore  was  brought 
out    in    1908    by    the     issue     of     500,000 
shares,  of  which  200,000  were  offered  at 
public  subscription  for  S5  per  share,  the 
proceeds,     less     underwriting,    $900,000, 
going  into  the  treasury  of  the  company. 
Both  of  these  mines  had  been  thoroughly 
developed     by     drifts     (not     mere    drill 
holes)   in  the  orebodies  and  were  recog- 
nized  to   have   immense   possibilities  be- 
sides the  actually  proved  ore.     A  reflec- 
tion going  back  to  such  eariy  examples 
of   porphyry   financing   ought   to   temper 
the  ideas  of  more  modern  and  more  en- 
thusiastic promoters. 


The  rise  in  price  of  platinum,  to  which 
reference  was  recently  made,  still  con- 
tinues, under  the  conditions  of  good  de- 
mand and  diminishing  supply.  It  has 
now  reached  a  point  where  it  takes  nearly 
two  ounces  of  gold  to  buy  one  ounce  of 
refined  platinum,  while  hard  metal,  which 
contains  10  to  15  per  cent,  of  iridium,  has 
passed  that  point. 


December  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1091 


Metallics 

Metallic  manganese  melts  at  about 
1900   deg.   C,   or   3450   deg.    Fahrenheit. 

The  most  economical  hight  for  a  waste 
dump  from  steam-shovel  excavation  is  40 
to  50  ft.  Higher  dum^s  are  liable  to  slide 
during  heavy  rains,  and  the  settling  may 
cause  much  trouble  with  the  tracks. 

The  reduction  of  selenium  or  tellurium 
oxides  to  metal  by  carbon  in  the  pres- 
ence of  soda  or  other  bases  is  not  a  pos- 
sibility, owing  to  the  reaction  between  the 
bas;  and  the  metalloid,  resulting  in  the 
eventual  formation  of  the  "ide"  salt. 

A  cable  attached  rigidly  to  the  bail  of 
a  skip  or  cage  receives  a  compressive 
stress  at  the  moment  the  cage  strikes  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  due  to  the  weight  of 
the  cable  above.  This  has  a  tendency  to 
weaken  the  cable  at  the  lower  end  and 
may  be  overcome  by  using  three  or  four 
feet  of  chain  between  the  baii  and  cable, 
thus  giving  the  cable  a  certain  amount  of 
slack. 

A  useful  rule  of  thumb  for  finding  the 
safe  working  load  of  an  open-link  steel 
chain  is  to  express  the  diameter  of  the 
iron  in  sixteenths  of  an  inch,  square  the 
number  of  sixteenths  and  multiplx-  by  80. 
The  answer  will  be  the  safe  load  in 
pounds.  For  example,  the  safe  load  for 
a  chain  of  1-in.  diameter  iron  would  be 
calculated  as  follows:  16  x  16  x  80  = 
20,480  pounds. 

In  the  condensation  of  zinc  from  a  dis- 
tillation furnace  the  temperature  of  the 
condensers,  at  the  outer  end,  should  be 
about  500  deg.  C.  The  temperature  at  the 
inner  end  will,  of  course,  be  much  higher. 
The  zinc  vapor  must  be  cooled  slowly  if 
it  is  to  be  condensed  in  liquid  form. 
Rapid  cooling  tends  to  the  condensation 
as  dust.  Dilution  of  the  zinc  vapor  also 
Dromotes  condensation  as  dust. 

Molybdenite  ore,  as  a  rule,  is  difficult  to 
:oncentrate.  Buyers  generally  refuse  to 
iccept  concentrated  molybdenite  unless  it 
:ontains  at  least  90  per  cent,  of  molybde- 
lum  sulphide,  and  they  reject  the  ore 
f  there  be  more  than  a  trace  of  copper 
n  it.  So  far  as  we  are  aware,  no  mine 
>f  molybdenite  is  worked  profitably  in 
^orth  America  at  the  present  time,  and 
he  cash  value  of  molybdenite-bearing 
'roperty  is  exceedingly  low. 

With  flat  hoisting  cables  care  should  be 
'bserved  as  to  the  following  points:  (1) 
ieel  and  sheave  should  be  in  same  plane; 
2)  rope  should  fit  snugly  in  reel  which 
hould  be  smooth;  (3 1  cable  should  never 
'C  wound  loosely;  l4)  if  sheave  and 
leel  are  separated  by  more  than  60  ft.  a 
luide  pulley  should  be  interposed;  (5) 
he  use  of  clamps  on  cable  should  be 
voided;  (6)  only  mineral  oils  should  be 
sed  as  a  lubricant  and  this  should  be 
:sted  carefully  to  detect  the  presence  of 
bjectionable  sulphuric  acid. 


By  the  Way 

Apropos  of  the  proposed  copper  con- 
solidation it  is  argued  that  an  additional 
profit  of  2'..c.  per  lb,  of  copper  would 
add  837,500,000  to  the  annual  net  income 
of  the  producers,  and  that  would  be  the 
equivalent  of  10  per  cent,  on  $375,000,000 
of  new  capital,  or  6  per  cent,  on  .S625,- 
000.000.     Voila  tout! 

Just  before  the  recent  raid  of  the  for- 
time  tellers  in  New  York,  a  copper  mining 
magnate  consulted  Professor  Ingomar,  we 
hear,  and  learned  that  while  in  "trance" 
the  professor  had  a  vision  of  a  great 
porphyry  combination  with  Utah  as  the 
holding  company  for  Nevada  Consoli- 
dated, Ray  Consolidated  and  Chino,  and 
some  others. 

It  is  reported  that  a  Chicago  company 
is  going  to  establish  a  plant  near  Long 
Branch,  N.  J.,  to  get  gold  out  of  sea  wa- 
ter. A  test  is  to  be  made  soon  by  the  pro- 
moters to  prove  that  the  sea  water  posi- 
tively contains  gold,  and  that  the  gold 
can  be  secured  profitably  by  the  process 
that  they  have  developed.  This  news  will 
doubtless  be  read  with  interest  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Jernegan. 

Theoretically,  we  are  told,  the  earth's 
rotation  will  cause  a  mass  of  liquid 
whirling  in  a  direction  contrary  to  said 
rotation  to  slow  down  more  quickly  than 
if  the  same  mass  whirl  in  the  same  di- 
rection as  the  earth,  with  otherwise  equal 
conditions.  It  seems  that  the  infiuence 
of  this  factor  has  been  overlooked,  but 
we  are  still  expecting  to  see  it  creep 
into  the  discussion  of  stamp-drop  se- 
quence. 

The  consular  report,  of  Oct.  26,  1910, 
gives  th:  following  description  of  the 
working  of  a  new  "nitrate-fertilizer" 
plant  in  Japan:  "From  coal  and  carbon 
mixed  and  heated  in  electric  stoves,  car- 
bonate of  lime  is  produced,  from  which 
the  lime-nitrate  fertilizer  is  produced  by 
absorbing  nitrate  from  the  air.  The  cal- 
cium carbide  sold  by  the  Japanese  com- 
pany always  contains  17  per  cent,  or 
more  of  nitrogen."  Wc  commend  the 
industry  of  the  writer  more  than  his  dis- 
cretion. 

Railroad  men  are  generally  agreed  that 
efficiency  of  labor  has  decreased  since 
higher  wages  took  effect.  "We  have 
foi.nd  by  bitter  experience,"  says  an  of- 
ficial of  several  western  lines,  to  the 
fSoston  News  Bureau,  "that  as  soon  as 
a  man's  pay  is  raised,  he  seems  to  con- 
sider himself  more  independently  fixed 
and  able  to  let  down  a  bit.  The  only 
time  that  labor--particularly  unskilled — 
is  close  to  100  per  cent,  efficiency  is  in 
hard  times,  when  every  man  knows  that 
a  dozen  are  applying  for  his  job." 

The  fact  that  the  average  mining  in- 
vestor really  knows  very  little  about 
what   he   has   gone   into    is    well    illus- 


trated by  a  story  printed  in  the  Saturday 
Evening  Post  recounting  a  conversation 
between  a  traveler  and  Senator  Thomas 
H.  Carter,  of  Montana,  while  riding 
through  that  State  toward  Helena.  "Sen- 
ator Carter,"  said  his  companion,  "what 
are  those  holes  I  see  on  the  opposite 
bank  of  the  river?"  "Well,"  replied  the 
Senator,  "out  here  we  refer  to  them  as 
holes  in  the  ground,  but  in  the  East  they 
are  known  as  permanent  mining  invest- 
ments." Thus  does  distance  lend  en- 
chantment. 

An  American  mining  engineer,  the 
technical  head  of  a  large  and  well  known 
mining  corporation,  writes  from  Atbasar, 
Siberia,  under  date  of  Oct.  7,  1910,  as 
follows:  "Am  having  a  wonderful  time 
on  this  trip  as  I  imagine  every  American 
does  on  his  first  visit  to  Russian  terri- 
tory. We  Americans  are  apt  to  be  a  lit- 
tle self-sufficient,  and  think  that  only  in 
our  West  can  w;  ride  for  days  at  a 
time  through  wheat  fields,  and  that  we 
rather  have  a  corner  in  real  grazing  land 
and  that  "inexhaustible  mines'  only  exist 
in  the  U.  S.  A.  But  Russia  has  all  of 
these  and  apparently  only  needs  capital 
and  push  to  become  one  of  the  richest 
of  countries." 

The  Louisiana  Supreme  Court  in  the 
case  of  J.  M.  Guffey  &  Co.,  of  Pittsburg, 
vs.,  J.  L.  Murrell,  tax  collector,  of  Crow- 
ley, La.,  decided  that  oil  companies  are 
not  exempt  from  taxation  under  the  act 
exempting  capital,  machinery  and  other 
property  employed  in  mining  operations 
for  a  period  of  10  years.  The  court  de- 
clares: "Mining  operations  have  to  do 
with  working  of  a  mine  and  neither  in  the 
ordinary  nor  in  the  scientific  acceptance 
of  the  term  'mine'  is  the  term  'oil  well* 
included.  Laws  granting  exemption  from 
taxation  must  be  strictly  construed  and  so 
the  operation  of  an  oil  well  cannot  be 
held  to  be  within  the  exemption  granted 
to  those  engaged  in  mining  operations." 
The  decision  is  a  heavy  blow  to  oil  in- 
terests in  Louisiana  as  they  had  hoped  to 
get  exemption   from  taxation. 

An  Iron  Mountain.  Mich.,  correspond- 
ent is  credited  with  sending  out  the  follow- 
ing despatch  to  the  metropolitan  papers: 
"Storekeepers  here  say  that  the  men 
who  live  in  the  woods  near  here  are  buy- 
ing complete  outfits  of  red  clothing  for 
themselves  and  their  families.  They  de- 
clare that  no  one  is  safe  in  the  woods  and 
that  bullets  often  pass  over  their  clear- 
ing, endangering  even  the  lives  of  those 
who  remain  indoors.  They  are  said  to  be 
covering  their  livestock  with  red  blankets, 
during  the  time  that  the  animals  are  out- 
side the  barns,  and  the  dogs  which  every 
settler  owns  are  constantly  kept  in  red 
harnesses."  This  may  not  be  literally 
true  but  it  is  a  fact  that  in  the  early  days 
of  the  Mesabi  range  in  Minnesota  red 
caps  constituted  the  essential  part  of  the 
equipment  of  exploration  parties  during 
the  open  season  for  deer. 


1092 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


CORRESPONDENCE  and  DISCUSSION 


-^  y^      Views,       Sxig'g'estioTis         -^        ->^ 

^       and      Experiences      of     Readers      -j^ 


Cooperation    between     the    United 

States  Geological  Survey  and 

the  Bureau  of  Mines 


Your  Washington  correspondent  in  pre- 
paring his  letter  which  appeared  in  the 
Nov.  19  issue  of  the  Journal,  page  1005, 
was  evidently  under  the  impression  that 
there  is  not  likely  to  be  much  cooperation 
between  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  and 
the  Bureau  of  Mines.  From  the  stand- 
point of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  there  is 
not  the  slightest  foundation  in  fact  for 
such  an  impression  or  statement. 

I  may  add  that  before  the  Director  of 
the  Survey  started  on  his  Western  trip, 
referred  to  by  your  correspondent,  he 
and  I  had  two  informal  conferences  at 
which  we  agreed  on  certain  general 
plans  of  cooperation  in  lines  of  investi- 
gations of  mutual  interest  to  the  two 
bureaus.  I  feel  certain  that  there  will 
be  many  such  conferences  in  the  future; 
and  that  there  will  be  cordial  cooperation 
and  not  competition  all  along  the  border 
line,  between  the  employees  of  .  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  and  those  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey.  Any  other  course  would 
be  most  unfortunate. 

J.  A.  Holmes, 
Director,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines. 

Washington,  Nov.  24,  1910. 


Poisoning  by  Cyanide 

The  note  in  the  Journal  of  Nov.  23 
headed  "Poisoning  by  Cyanide"  which 
gives  the  conclusions  regarding  the  mat- 
ter reached  by  the  committee  of  the  Min- 
ing Regulations  Commission  of  Transvaal 
contains  most  valuable  information,  and 
all  cyanide  plants  should  be  equipped  in 
accordance  therewith. 

The  subject  recalls  some  information 
given  me  on  a  recent  trip  to  Mexico  by 
Mr.  Freeborn,  a  cyanide  mill  superintend- 
ent, who  said  that  he  had  used  with  great 
success  hypodermic  injections  of  cacody- 
late  of  soda  as  an  antidote  for  cyanide 
poisoning  in  animals.  He  had  never  had 
occasion  to  try  it  on  a  human  being,  but 
said  its  action  in  the  case  of  animals  was 
remarkable,  reviving  them  when,  appar- 
ently, they  might  be  breathing  their  last. 

Cacodylate  of  soda  is,  I  believe,  one  of 
the  coal-tar  derivatives.  Whether  its  use 
as  a  cyanide  antidote  is  generally  known 
or  not,  I  do  not  know,  but  if,  as  Mr.  Free- 
born seems  to  think,  it  is  an  effective  an- 
tidote, it  should  be  generally  known,  as 
its  use  would  be  much  simpler  than  the 


ferrous-hydrate  method.     It  would  be  in- 
teresting to  learn  if  there  is  any  authori- 
tative information  about  it  available. 
Allen  H.  Rogers. 
New  York,  Nov.  26,  1910. 


Keeping  Notes 

Much  has  been  written  regarding  var- 
ious systems  of  keeping  notes  on  sub- 
jects of  interest  to  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical engineers,  and  so  many  systems 
have  been  advocated,  that  it  is  difficult  to 
choose  the  one  best  suited  to  the  individ- 
ual requirements.  It  is  difficult  to  fore- 
see what  the  requirements  will  be  until 
one  has  established  himself  in  his  partic- 
ular line  of  work.  At  some  time  in  his 
career  an  engineer  finds  that  either  by 
choice  or  fate,  he  has  specialized  to  a 
certain  degree  in  some  branch  or 
branches  of  mining  or  metallurgy  or  both^ 
and  that  he  is  devoting  his  entire  time 
to  a  limited  number  of  general  subjects, 
each    of    which    has    many    subdivisions. 


stamped  on  one  comer,  but  no  further 
description  is  shown  on  or  within  the 
envelops.  When  more  than  one  envelop 
is  used  for  similar  subheadings,  an  ap- 
propriate alphabetical  letter  follows  the 
number.  Envelops  showing  a  number 
followed  by  the  letter  R  contain  my  own 
reports.  Those  showing  numbers  only, 
or  numbers  followed  by  alphabetical  let- 
ters, contain  all  or  a  part  of  the  follow- 
ing: Reports,  other  than  my  own;  pam- 
phlets, maps,  etc.;  printed  articles  clip- 
ped from  proceedings  of  technical  socie- 
ties, technical  journals,  etc.;  also  loose- 
leaf  sheet  referring  to  library  books  on 
the  subject. 

I  use  but  one  size  and  style  of  loose- 
leaf  notebook,  the  I.  P.  No.  509:  Sheets 
5VJX8K'  in.,  ruled  in  squares  of  3/16  in. 
Book  .4  is  used  for  local  current  work; 
book  £  for  general  subjects  of  wide 
geographical  range  (Live  Issues);  book 
C,  and  other  letters,  contain  pages  which 
were  formerly  in  B,  but  which  are  now 
only  seldom  referred  to  (Dead  Issues). 
I*  is  quite  a  convenience  to  have  forms 


SAMPLE  PAGE  OF  INDEX  SHEET  FOR  NOTES. 


Index. 

Mining. 

Cone. 

.Smelting. 

Leaching. 

I                        .  .                     {a\ 

1 

to 
50 
51 
to 
100 

101 

to 

150 

151 

to 
200 

201 
to 

250 

251 
to 

300 

301 

Various  subjects  j 

Various  Districts  J 

1 

(6) 

(c) 

(") 

^6) 

(c) 

to 

351 
to 
400 

17 

117 

217 

317 

iid.m.  iiK  oi  .SOI  u.  1 ;■:::■■ 

( 

N. 
55 
R. 

N. 
155 
R. 

N. 
255 

R. 

N. 
226 

N. 

Arizona.  (Ireenloe  ("oiinl.v  j 

355 
R. 

(    .  .                                .                 

Slags  j 

(«l    Letter  -V   written  on  top  line  refers   to  looseleaf  notebooks:    (i>)    Letter  i?  on  middle 
line,  to  envelop.-^  with  clippings;    (c)   R  on  i:)(>ttnni    line,    to    envelops    with    reports. 


To  meet  these  new  conditions,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  reorganize  whatever  system 
of  keeping  notes  he  many  have  chosen 
in  earlier  days.  Past  experience  will 
have  taught  that  no  single  system  will 
fulfil  all  the  requirements.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  description  of  a  simple  method 
that  has  served  my  own  purposes  quite 
satisfactorily.  While  there  is  ,  nothing 
novel  about  the  system,  it  is  simple,  and 
may  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  inexper- 
ienced student  or  engineer  who  is  about 
to  start  his  own  system. 

Filing    Envelops    and    Separate-leaf 
Notebooks  Used 

As  a  receptacle  for  notes,  heavy  manila 
paper,  open-end  envelops,  10xl3-in.  in 
size  are  used.  The  number,  main  head- 
ing,    and     subheading     are     written     or 


printed  of  the  same  size  as  the  leaves, 
for  the  daily  reports  from  the  various 
departments  of  the  mine  or  reduction 
works.  All  leaves  of  the  various  books 
show  the  main  and  subheadings,  and  ex- 
actly the  same  numbers  as  the  filing  en- 
velops which  deal  with  similar  subjects. 

The  main  headings  have  been  gradu- 
ally reduced  in  my  notes  to  four  general 
subjects:  Mining,  concentration,  smelt- 
ing and  leaching.  Each  is  given  100 
numbers.  The  first  50  subheads  of  the 
100  provided  is  given  to  "subjects,"  the 
last  50  to  "geographical  districts"  (States, 
counties,  etc.).  It  is  a  coincidence,  that 
my  files  happen  to  show  exactly  the 
same  number  of  subjects  as  districts,  26 
of  each,  or  52  total. 

The  first  few  pages  of  book  S  carry 
the  index  for  the  system— both  envelops 


December  3,    I9I0. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1093 


and  notebooks.  The  index  is  tabulated, 
the  main  headings  reading  vertically,  and 
the  subheadings  horizontally.  It  is  ad- 
visable to  select  names  for  the  subhead- 
ing subjects,  which  will  be  appropriate 
for  each  of  the  main  headings. 

Three  lines  are  used  for  each  subhead- 
ing: The  first  line  refers  to  the  loose- 
leaf  notebook;  the  second  to  envelops 
with  clippings;  the  third  to  envelops  with 
reports.  One  number  is  placed  on  one  of 
the  three  lines  and  A'  for  notebook,  or  R 
for  reports  are  shown  on  the  other  lines. 
In  this  way  a  glance  at  the  index  will 
show  whether  the  filings  contain  notes, 
clippings  or  reports.  A  sample  page  of 
the  index  is  attached. 

F.  N.  Flynn. 

Clifton,  Ariz.,  Nov.  5,  1910. 


Mining  and  Smelting  in  Colorado 


It  seems  as  though  the  country  is  in  a 
frenzy  against  successful  corporations; 
the  unsuccessful  and  really  rotten  ones 
are  never  bothered.  Now,  as  a  miner  of 
25  years'  experience,  I  desire  to  express 
myself  as  considering  that  the  American 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  is  not 
getting  fair  play.  Franklin  Guiterman's 
address  before  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce of  Denver  was  lucid,  temperate  and 
concise  and,  irf  my  opinion,  should  have 
been  convincing,  and  it  was  so  to  metal- 
lurgical engineers  of  ability  and  in  good 
standing  in  my  immediate  acquaintance, 
but  it  called  forth  "short  talks"  by  "wind 
jammers,"  whose  metallurgical  knowl- 
edge is  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  two  of 
them  conveyed  the  idea  that  the  decad- 
ence of  mining  in  Colorado  is  due  to  the 
unfair  methods  and  antiquated  plants  of 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company,  and  suggested  as  a  remedy 
that  each  mine  have  its  own  smelter. 
How  is  that   for  buncombe? 

I  remember  in  San  Juan,  about  '79, 
paying  845  per  ton  treatment  charges  to 
a  local  smelting  plant,  and  when  JVlr. 
Guiterman  came  down  to  Durango  and 
ran  the  smelter  there,  it  was  not  many 
years  after  that  I  had  similar  ore  treated 
for  S12.50,  and  in  my  opinion  if  it  had 
not  been  for  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company,  the  San  .Juan  would 
hardly  have  been  on  the  mining  map  to- 
day. 

One  of  the  "short  talk"  artists  said 
that  Colorado  can  produce  within  the 
next  50  years  two  billion  dollars  in  me- 
tallic wealth,  if  the  ores  can  be  treated 
so  that  the  miners  can  make  a  legiti- 
mate profit.  Quite  so,  but  if  he  had  in- 
serted "and  smelters"  after  "miners," 
there  would  have  been  some  sense  in  the 
statement,  which  is  otherwise  foolish. 
The  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  is  not  here  for  its  health  any 
more  than  are  the  miners. 

If  these  people  want  to  prevent  the 
mines  of  the  State  from  being  developed. 


they  are  certainly  going  the  right  way 
about  it,  for  no  capital  will  ever  come 
here  for  that  purpose  as  long  as  it  be 
told  that  the  miners  are  at  the  mercy  of 
a  giant  monopoly,  which  takes  three- 
quarters  of  all  the  value  of  the  ore,  and 
that,  therefore,  it  must  be  shipped  out 
of  the  State  to  get  honest  treatment. 

I  have  not  one  single  interest  in  com- 
mon with  the  American  Smelting  and  Re- 
fining Company,  but  1  am  a  lover  of  fair 
play  and  a 

Miner. 

Denver,  Colo.,  Nov.  24,   1910. 


Vertical  Curves  in  Shafts 

In  my  article  published  on  page  1001 
of  the  Journal  of  Nov.  19,  1910,  there 
appears  in  the  last  column  under  the 
discussion  of  "Equation  for  Parabolic 
Curve,"  the  following: 


K 


4a  4a  4a 

This  is  incorrect,  and  should  be  two 
separate  equations.  The  last  member  is 
deduced  from  the  first  and  third  mem- 
bers by  inserting  the  value  of  y  obtained 
from  K  —  y  —  yi  and  solving  for  yi,  be- 
coming 


}': 


=  K- 


4  a 


This  is  the  desired  equation  giving  the 
vertical  distance  of  the  point  A  below  the 
PC. 

Sheldon  Smillie. 
Bronxville,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  19,  1910. 


The  Family  Circle 


In  an  article  on  "Tin  Mining  and  Mill- 
ing in  the  Bolivian  Andees,"  published  in 
the  Journal  Nov.  26,  George  W.  Dean 
states  that  "trained  mill  men  will  then 
take  the  places  of  the  present  operators 
whose  only  qualifications  are  being  a 
good   fellow  and  a  relative  of  the  boss." 

Human  nature  does  not  change  so 
readily.  It  is  a  constant,  and  is  the  same 
in  all  nations  and  in  all  classes.  In  the 
esse  just  cited  the  boss  happened  to  be  a 
practical  man  instead  of  a  technical  man. 
He  employed  his  friends  and  relatives  re- 
gardless of  qualifications.  When  a  tech- 
nical man  is  piaced  at  the  head  of  these 
mining  operations  will  he  not  employ  his 
friends  and  relatives  just  as  docs  the 
practical  man?  Friendship,  family  ties 
and  wealth  in  many  cases  have  more  in- 
fluence in  the  selection  of  an  employee 
than  does  technical  training  and  exper- 
ience. 

There  are  many  good  technical  men 
who  have  no  influential  friends  back  of 
them;  no  relatives  who  can  boost  them 
along  and  no  money  to  give  them  pres- 
tige. If  they  had  money,  someone  would 
be  after  them  to  fill  positions,  not  so 
much  because  of  technical  ability  and 
training,    as    for   the    money    they    might 


bring  into  the  business.  If  a  man  has  in- 
fluential friends,  they  can  boost  him  along 
for  a  time  until  he  gets  a  start.  It  gives 
him  an  opportunity  to  make  good,  and  if 
he  has  the  right  make-up,  he  will  suc- 
ceed. The  less  fortunate  man  will  have 
to  work  many  years  before  he  can  secure 
a  coterie  of  influential  friends  that  will 
do  him  any  good.  By  the  time  he  is  40 
or  50  years  of  age  he  attains  a  position 
that  some  favorite  secured  at  the  age  of 
25.  Friendship  and  wealth  are  worth 
many  years  of  experience. 

A.  H.  F. 
New  York,  Dec.  1,  1910. 


American    Longwall    Mining 
Methods 

I  was  delighted  to  rea''.  in  the  Journal 
of  Nov.  19  the  excellent  article  con- 
tributed by  H.  M.  Payne  on  the  long- 
wall  system  as  practised  in  the  English 
mines.  Mr.  Payne  has  opened  a  ques- 
tion of  vast  importance  to  the  coal  op- 
erators of  the  United  States.  I  consider 
that  the  longwall  system,  if  adopted 
where  conditions  are  favorable,  would 
certainly  result  beneficially  in  the  inter- 
ests of  the  mine  owners  and  the  States, 
and  when  we  consider  that  a  large 
amount  of  the  coalfield  is  lost  by  the 
leaving  of  ribs  and  pillars  in  the  present 
system  of  room-and-pillar  working,  it 
makes  the  matter  well  worthy  of  consid- 
eration  by  owners  and   operators. 

I  claim  to  understand  the  longwall 
system,  having  worked  it  for  many  years, 
and  fully  indorse  the  article  by  Mr. 
Payne.  It  would  simplify  matters,  how- 
ever ,if  he  would  give  the  nature  of  roof, 
the  distance  apart  he  sets  out  his  road- 
ways or  entries,  width  of  pack  faces 
that  form  roadways,  the  spacing  between 
wood  packs,  or  timber  cribs,  and  the 
width  of  roadways.  It  should  also  be 
known  if  he  still  uses  the  butting  ma- 
chines previously  used  in  room  working, 
or  if  he  has  had  to  have  machines  spe- 
cially constructed  for  this  longwall  sys- 
tem. If  Mr.  Payne  would  state  his  ex- 
perience or  advice  on  the  above  ques- 
tions, it  would  more  fully  simplify  the 
discussion  of  the  longwall  system. 

Robert  Walker. 

Mavnard,  O.,  Nov.  26,  1910. 


Prevention    of    Dust    in  Mills 


I  read  with  interest  the  note  on  "Laying 
Mill  Dust  With  Water  Sprays,"  in  the 
Journal  of  May  28.  Although  the  scheme 
described  is  doubtless  effective  it  seems 
to  me  that  the  basic  idea  is  wrong.  The 
dust  is  allowed  to  escape  unconfined  from 
the  crushers  and  rolls  and  then  an  effort 
is  made  to  lay  it— resulting  at  the  best  in 
a  coating  of  mud  on  everything  that  is 
exposed   in   the  mill. 

James  Bol. 

Baltimore,  Md..  Nov.   12,  1910. 


1094 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as' 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Measuring    Pocket    for    Skips 


A  skip  pocket  designed  by  C.  F.  Jack- 
son for  the  Scranton  mine  at  Hibbing, 
Minn.,  is  shown  in  the  accompanying 
drawing.  The  principal  feature  that  com- 
mends this  pocket  is  the  fact  that  it 
opens  in  such  a  way  that  the  shaft  is 
clear  at  all  times.  A  number  of  similar 
pockets  are  in  use,  but  they  open  into  the 
shaft   and   are   more   or   less  dangerous. 


The  chain  prevents  the  wheels  from  turn- 
ing too  far  past  the  center. 


ShU'-LOADiNG   Arrangement   at  Scran- 
ton Mine,  Hibbing,  Minn. 

In  addition  this  pocket  provides  a  safe 
place  for  the  operator.  He  is  on  the  plat- 
form above  the  pocket.  One  man  can 
both  draw  the  ore  from  the  chute  and 
fill  the  skip  from  this  pocket  which 
holds  just  one  skip  load.  The  capacity 
of  the  pocket  is  91   cubic  feet. 

The  pocket  is  opened  by  means  of  a 
rcpe  and  pulley.  As  the  rope  is  moved 
it  turns  the  lower  pulley  off  center  and 
the  weight  of  the  ore  opens  the  pocket. 


Acetylene   Lamps    in   Mines 

The  superintendents  of  many  of  the 
mines  recognize  the  value  of  efficient 
lamps,  inasmuch  as  they  provide  them- 
selves and  their  engineers  with  first-class 
acetylene  lamps.  Some  of  them  have 
tried  to  introduce  the  lamp  in  general 
use  in  the  mines,  but  have  failed;  some 
of  the  excuses  given  are  that  the  miner 
does  not  like  the  lamp;  that  it  is  too  much 
bother  to  charge  it  with  carbide  twice  a 
day  underground,  and  that  the  lamps  get 
out  of  order  too  easily.  The  real  reason, 
however,  why  they  are  not  more  uni- 
versally used  is  that  they  have  not  been 
tried  in  many  of  the  mines. 

The  lamp  as  usually  constructed  is  frail 
for  such  rough  usage  as  the  miner  gen- 
erally gives  his  tools.  The  reflector 
causes  some  trouble,  and  the  thread 
which  connects  the  carbide  chamber  with 
the  water  compartment  wears  out  easily. 
These  are  mechanical  difficulties  which 
the  manufacturer  can  readily  overcome. 
With  proper  care  the  lamp,  as  constructed, 
will  last  a  year. 

Increases  Efficiency  of  the  Miner 
The  efficiency  of  the  miner  is  increased 
with  better  light  and  purer  air.  One 
miner  expressed  himself  thus:  "It  gives 
such  a  good  light  that  it  is  too  easy  to 
find  the  ore."  which  simply  meant  that 
with  improved  lighting  facilities  he  could 
get  out  more  ore.  It  would  seem  that 
this  particular  man  would  prefer  groping 
around  in  the  dark  and  get  out  as  little 
ore  as  possible,  rather  than  increase  his 
efficiency  as  a  miner.  The  selfishness  of 
human  nature  here  manifests  himself  in 
trying  to  do  as  little  as  possible  for  the 
daily  wage. 

Education  Necessary 
The  successful  use  of  such  lamps  will 
depend  largely  upon  the  education  of  the 
miner  himself.  He  is  a  little  slow  in 
adopting  new  ideas.  In  interviewing  at 
least  a  dozen  miners  who  have  used  the 
acetylene  lamp  more  than  a  year,  some 
of  the  following  broken  English  answers 
were  obtained:  "Him  very  good  light"; 
"No  black  smoke  like  come  from  sun- 
shine"; "No  fill  up  nose."  An  old  Cor- 
nish miner  has  been  using  one  acetylene 
lamp  more  than  two  years,  showing  that 
the  lamp  with  proper  care  will  last  a  long 
time.  The  miners  like  the  lamp  once 
they  have  become  accustomed  to  using  it. 
The   Penn   Iron   Mining  Company  'has 


been  using  Baldwin  acetylene  lamps 
about  two  years  at  its  mines  near  Vulcan 
and  Republic,  Mich.  After  a  thorough 
trial,  the  lamps  have  proved  to  be  cheaper 
than  either  candles  or  sunshine.  They 
are  much  cleaner  than  candles  or  oil, 
giving  no  soot  to  inhale,  and  no  grease  to 
smear  the  clothes.  They  also  give  a 
better  light  and  burn  better  in  poor  air. 


Combination    Timber  Hoist 
and  Winch 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
combination  drum  for  lowering  mine  tim- 
bers and  a  winch  for  hoisting.  The  ap- 
paratus   here    described    is    used    at    the 


Counterweight- 


Timber  Hoist  at  Hematite  Mine, 
ISHPEMING,  Mich. 

Hematite  mine,  Ishpeming,  Mich.  The 
drum  is  18  in.  in  diameter,  3  ft.  long 
and  is  mounted  upon  a  heavy  frame  of 
8x8-in.  timbers  as  shown.  On  one  end 
ot  the  drum  is  a  brake  wheel  and  band, 
also  a  cog  wheel  into  which  a  small 
pinion  meshes.  This  pinion  may  be 
thrown  out  by  means  of  a  lever  A,  and 
the  timbers  lowered  by  the  use  of  the 
hand  brake  only.  The  drum  is  divided 
into  two  sections,  upon  which  are  placed 
two  cables.  As  one  cable  is  run  out  with 
the  lowering  of  the  timber,  the  other 
cable  is  being  wound  up  ready  to  re- 
ceive a  second  load  of  timbers.  In  the 
event  any  of  the  timbers  are  too  heavy 
for  the  brake  to  control  their  descent, 
the  pinion  may  be  thrown  in  and  the 
ciank  employed.  The  winch  may  be  used 
in   hoisting   pieces  of  machinery. 


December  3,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1095 


A  Variable   Hight   Drop   Hammer 
By    Lee   Fraser* 

The  drop  hainmer  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying drawings  may  be  readily  im- 
provised from  such  materials  as  are 
found  about  a  mine  and  mill.  To  do 
work  with  the  hammer,  the  operator  pulls 
or  pushes  forward  the  lever,  acting  on 
the  auxiliary  pulley,  pushing  it  into  con- 
tact with  the  drive  pulley.  As  is  shown 
in  the  drawings,  this  contact  is  made 
between  the  drive  pulley  and  only  a  por 
tion  of  the  auxiliary  pulley,  and  around 
the  projecting  end  of  the  auxiliary  pulley 
is  wrapped  a  piece.of  rubber  belting  with 


-Jf,-.  B-S^ 


Tlu  Siiffinemng  f  Mitiinu  Jituntdl 

Variable-hicht  Drop  Hammer 

the  loose  end  connected  to  the  hammer 
stem.  As  long  as  the  pulleys  remain  in 
contact  this  auxiliary  pulley  revolves  and 
raises  the  hammer,  and  as  soon  as  the 
contact  is  broken  the  hammer  falls,  thus 
giving  a  rather  wide  variation  in  drop. 
As  the  lever  is  released  a  spring  acts 
to  pull  the  auxiliary  pulley  from  the 
drive  pulley  and  sufficient  play  is  given 
to  the  boxes  carrying  the  auxiliary-pulley 
shaft  to  allow  a  lateral  movement  of 
about  one-eighth  inch.  By  moving  fur- 
ther backward  the  auxiliary  pullev 
comes  in  contact  with  a  wooden  brake- 
shoe  by  which  any  tendency  for  the  belt 
to  unwind  is  obviated. 
I  In  regard  to  the  necessary  materials 
I  for  constructing  the  hammer,  the  pulleys 
jinay  be  turned  from  hard  wood,  but  it  is 
hetter  to  use  paper  pulleys   if  they  are 


at  hand.  .\  stamp  stem,  shoe  and  die 
will  serve  for  similar  parts  to  the  ham- 
mer. 

I  Note:  An  effective  substitute  for  rub- 
ier belt  is  to  raise  the  hammer  by  means 
of  a  board  caught  between  two  pulleys. 
As  the  board  does  not  have  to  pull  the 
loose  pulley  around,  the  hammer  gives  a 
greater  efficiency  with  the  board  than 
with  the  belt. — Editor.] 


Moisture  in  Copper  Bullion 

By  Donald  M.  Liddell* 

Although  moisture  in  copper  bullion  is 
not  a  common  occurrence,  it  is  occasion- 
ally present;  and  if  not  tested  and  al- 
lowed for,  is  as  great  a  source  of  loss  as 
unobserved  water  in  ores  would  be.  The 
following  is  a  record  of  experiments  on 
that  brand  of  copper  on  which  the  first 
long-extended  set  of  moisture  tests  was 
made,  as  far  as  my  own  knowledge  goes. 


handled  so  often  and  so  violently  as  to 
dislodge  a  large  amount  of  dirt  and  scale. 
However,  when  the  samples  were  being 
drilled  a  few  days  later  it  was  noticed 
that  the  drillings  seemed  perceptibly 
moist.  Three  of  these  pigs  were  leaned 
against  one  of  the  furnaces  where  they 
became  so  warm  as  to  be  uncomfortable 
to  the  touch.  They  were  reweighed  while 
still  warm  24  hours  later,  but  showed  no 
perceptible  loss,  although  the  previously 
taken  drillings  from  the  same  lot  when 
dried  showed  a  loss  of  ;_■  oz.  on  104^1. 
oz.  This  led  to  the  belief  that  the  moist- 
ure in  these  pigs  was  so  occluded  as  to 
make  it  impossible  to  drive  out  by  or- 
dinary heating. 

High  Temperatures  Required 

Following  up  this  the  drillings  from  750 
pigs  were  tested,  dividing  them  into  15 
lots  of  50  each.  This  test  on  about  100 
oz.  of  drillings  per  lot,  showed  moisture 
from   nothing  to   1.39  per  cent.     Another 


TABLE   I.      PKiS   I)K1KI>   IN  PANS. 


Wet 

Weights. 

Dry 
Weights. 

Ix)SS. 

Per  t'«nt. 
Loss. 

Pigs,  lb 

196,720  .-. 

41,6.83   .")3 
173.930  0 
149.7911   0 

30.927   64 
3,240.10 

196,03.i   0 
41.67.'>   43 
173,424  0 
149,202  0 
,30.922   90 
3,231    39 

68.5. T 

8    10 
.">06  0 

.■iS8 , 0 
4  74 
S.71 

0.348 
0.019 

Drillings  from  original  iiiuiried  pigs,  grams. 

Pigs.  Ih 

Drillings  from  tlr.v  pigs,  grams. 

Drillings  from  original  niidrieil  pigs,  Tro.v  oz. 

0.291 
0  393 
0  01.'. 
0 .  269 

TABLE   II.     ANNEALING  FTKNACE   DRYINC. 


Wet  Weigh! 

Dry  Weight 

Loss 

Per  t'ent. 

.Vumber  Pigs. 

Ponmls. 

Ponnds, 

Pounds. 

Loss. 

550 

121.710 

121.207 

503 

0    113 

100 

22.640 

22..5.53 

87 

0   3S7 

3,50 

78  775 

78.376 

399 

0   .507 

3.50 

78.605 

78.1S6 

119 

0   533 

600 

134.864 

134.1.-.6 

708 

0   .525 

101) 

22.498 

22,409 

89 

0  396 

.">0i) 

110.S17 

110.359 

I5S 

0  413 

200 

44.51S 

1  l.:i7s 

1  10 

0.315 

•MIniuL'  enL-iii.. 


stun  niim-.   I'untni-i'nns. 


The  reason  for  these  tests  was  found  in  a 
long  series  of  careful  furnace  runs  in 
which  strict  account  was  kept  of  all  cop- 
per bullion  charged  into  and  taken  out  of 
ihe  furnace,  which  showed  a  constant  loss 
that  could  not  be  explained  reasonably  on 
any  hypothesis  of  stack  losses. 

First  Experiments  Inconclusive 

Moisture,  of  course,  seemed  to  be  the 
only  explanation  of  such  a  phenomenon, 
although  at  that  time  only  surface  inoist- 
cning  was  suspected.  To  ascertain  the 
capacity  of  the  bullion  for  such  moist- 
ure, six  rain-soaked  pigs  weighing  1406 
lb.  were  dried  at  200  deg.  P.,  losing  only 
5.5  lb.  in  the  entire  weight.  At  the  same 
time  five  apparently  dry  pigs  were  taken 
from  the  yard  and  dried  at  200  deg..  but 
these  suffered  no  ascertainable  loss.  Still 
following  up  these  experiments  .SO  pigs 
were  taken  and  dried  in  square-iron  pans 
at  about  200  to  212  deg.  On  reweighing 
them  (5  lb.  loss  was  observed,  but  this 
was     inconclusive,    as     they    had    been 

•Editorial    staff.    Eno.   .inp   Mis.    .Touun. 


test  was  then  run  on  50  pigs  which  were 
covered  with  canvas  as  quickly  as  taken 
from  the  ship  on  which  they  were  re- 
ceived, drying  them  as  before  in  the  iron 
pans  at  about  200  to  220  deg.,  but  the 
less  for  the  50  was  only  6  lb.  in  11.712. 
Not  discouraged  by  the  above  list  of 
negative  results,  a  more  determined  at- 
tempt was  made  to  determine  the  moist- 
ure on  the  pig  itself  and  for  this  purpose 
885  pigs  were  taken  from  a  shipment  of 
800  tons  piled  in  the  yard  of  the  works 
and  dried  for  some  hours  at  temperatures 
ranging  from  200  deg.  to  upward  of  500 
deg.  F.,  every  pig  of  the  885  reaching 
300  deg,  or  over  at  some  period  of  the 
drying.  The  weighings  and  dryings  were 
as  far  as  possible  made  in  batches  of  32, 
weighing  about  7160  lb.  These  pigs  were 
afterward  drilled  and  the  drillings  tested 
tot  moisture  by  weighing  before  and  after 
drying  in  a  steam  bath.  Table  I  shows 
the  result  of  these  tests  as  well  as  a  sec- 
ond set  run  on  700  additional  pigs. 

Another  series  of  experiments  was  run. 
heating  the  pigs  to  about  400  deg.   F.  in 


1096 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


a  furnace  used  for  annealing  sheet  cop- 
per. The  pigs  were  left  in  five  or  six 
hours  or  longer,  and  were  thoroughly 
warmed.  These  results  are  shown  in  Table 
II. 

Drillings  taken  from  the  550  dried  pigs 
in  Table  II,  lost  only  6.26  grams  on  27,- 
379.75  or  only  0.023  per  cent.  The 
weighted  average  of  the  above  results  on 
direct  moisture  determinations  in  the  pig 
(not  those  on  the  drillings)  is  0.425  per 
cent. 

In  the  original  experiments  the  appar- 
ent furnace  losses  were  23,835  lb.  of  cop- 
per on  4,463,319  lb.  of  bullion,  or  5.35 
per  cent.  If  we  allow  that  0.425  per  cent, 
ef  the  bullion  was  water  the  loss  sinks  to 
3982  lb.  of  copper,  which  probably  indi- 
cates that  the  moisture  as  found  is  a  trifle 
low. 

Not  Surface  Moisture 

That  the  moisture  spoken  of  is  not  sur- 
face moisture,  due  to  rain,  etc.,  is  shown 
by  three  things.  (1)  A  temperature  of 
about  250  deg.  F.  is  necessary  to  evapor- 
ate this  moisture;  (2)  a  carload  of  the 
copper  soaked  with  a  stream  from  a  fire 


b'low-holes  or  cavitiss  and  drilling  them, 
cleaning  the  surface  beforehand  carefully. 
The  first  two  tests  on  482.28  grams  showed 
losses  of  0.20  gram  and  0.16  gram  re- 
spectively when  the  dried  drillings  were 
weighed  hot,  even  though  the  drillings 
were  oxidized.  Three  further  tests  were 
tried,  as  shown  in  Table  III. 

Sample  No.  3  was  discarded  and  -the 
other  two  sent  back  to  the  drybox  for 
16  hours  at  270  deg.,  they  weighed  hot, 
483.14  and  483.20  grams.  After  cooling 
in  air,  the  day  being  fair  and  warm,  they 
weighed  483.24  and  483.26  grams. 

General  Conclusions 

Since  these  first  tests  were  run  other 
brands  of  bullion  have  been  tested,  the 
general  deductions  being  as  follows,  that 
any  bosh-cooled  pig  is  likely  to  contain 
moisture;  that  such  moisture  is  occluded 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  render  it  difficult 
if  not  impossible  to  drive  off  under  about 
240  deg.  F. ;  and  that  while  the  moisture 
tests  should  be  run  on  the  pigs  them- 
selves at  or  above  that  temperature, 
moisture  tests  on  the  drillings  answer 
fairly  well  as  a  preliminary  measure. 


Crusher   Plant  of    the   Cleveland 
Cliffs  Iron  Company 


TABLE   in. 

MOISTURE  TESTS  ON  COPPER  DRILLINGS. 

No.  1 

Dried  at 

200  Degrees 

Fahrenheit. 

No.  2 

Dried  at 

200  Degrees 

Fahrenheit. 

No.  3 

Dried  at 

270  Degrees 

Fahrenheit. 

Weight  before  drjang,  grams, 

483,07 
483 , 02 

483,12 
483.08 

110.24 

110,25 

0.05 

Unoxidized : 
All  drillings 
weighed  hot. 

0.04 
Unoxidized. 

0.01 

Remarks ! 

Oxidized. 

hose  and  allowed  to  dry  spontaneously  in 
air,  came  back  to  its  original  weight;  (3) 
last  and  most  indisputable,  when  the 
consignors  wrote  that  they  would  adopt  a 
method  of  cooling  their  pigs  which  would 
render  them  moistureless.  the  moisture 
tests  on  the  pigs  dropped  to  0.033  per 
cent,  on  a  lot  of  about  88,500  pounds. 

Tests  on  Drillings  Unreliable 

It  may  be  added  as  an  interesting  fact, 
that  the  moisture  tests  on  the  pig-copper 
drillings  while  they  led  to  the  truth,  were 
in  themselves  unreliable.  It  would  occur 
to  any  one  that  they  would  probably  be  a 
trifle  low  owing  to  the  heating  of  the 
drillings  by  drill  friction,  and  consequent 
evaporation  of  the  moisture  of  the  drill- 
ings. 

Apart  from  this  there  is  another  factor. 
I.e.,  that  copper  apparently  acts  in  much 
the  same  manner  that  platinum  does,  in 
attracting  and  condensing  a  film  of  air 
and  moisture  on  its  surface.  The  investi- 
gation of  these  peculiarities  of  copper 
drillings  from  furnace-dried  copper 
showed  minus  moisture,  i.e.,  the  drillings 
showed  an  increase  in  weight  on  drying. 
While  ascribing  this  to  oxidation,  a  more 
thorough  test  was  made  by  taking  bars 
of  furnace-refined  copper,  free  from  any 


Electric  Hoisting  Engines 


The  Cleveland-Cliffs  Iron  Company  of 
Ishpeming,  Mich.,  is  erecting  a  new 
crusher  plant,  which  is  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying illustration.  This  plant  will 
receive  the  ore  from  two  shafts,  each  of 
which  is  within  500  ft.  of  the  crusher, 
and  will  supersede  the  old  wooden  struc- 
ture and  crushing  plant  which  has  been 
in  commission  for  a  number  of  years.  The 
haulage  track  from  the  shafts  to  the 
crusher  will  have  about  a  9  per  cent, 
grade.  The  ore  will  be  delivered  to  the 
crusher  at  a  point  76  ft.  above  the  rail- 
road tracks. 

The  crusher  buildiifg  is  a  steel  struct- 
ure covered  with  sheet  iron.  It  is  equipped 
with  one  No.  8  and  two  No.  5  McCully 
gyratory  crushers,  and  one  4xl2-ft.,  3-in. 


In  the  case  of  a  mine  being  supplied 
with  electric  power  from  an  outside 
source  the  capacity  of  the  generating  sta- 
tion receives  little  or  no  consideration  at 
the  hands  of  the  consumer  {Journ.  Inst. 
Mech.  Engrs.,  Oct.,  1910).  Where  a  mine 
generates  its  own  supply,  however,  the 
question  of  output  limit  becomes  one  of 
the  greatest  importance,  more  especially 
if  single  unbalanced  hoisting  engines,  run 
by  induction  motors  direct,  have  to  be 
dealt  with.  The  regenerative  system  of 
hoisting  would  only  be  economical,  for 
the  unbalanced  hoists,  where  the  energy 
of  the  unbalanced  load  going  down,  in- 
stead of  being  consumed  by  brakes,  can 
be  utilized  in  returning  energy  to  the 
flywheel  equalizer.  The  majority  of  the 
unbalanced  hoisting  engines  on  the  Rand 
are  used  only  for  sinking  or  conveying 
material,  and  the  stoppages  between  trips 
are  of  considerable  length.  When  these 
conditions  are  such  that  the  regenerative 
effect  of  one  trip  down  the  shaft  is  neu- 
tialized  by  the  electrical  energy  consumed 
in  maintaining  the  speed  of  the  flywheel, 
there  is  no  advantage  gained  by  installing 
a  regenerative  set. 


Crusher  Plant,  Cleveland  Cliffs 
Iron  Company 

mesh  revolving  screen  between  the  large 
crusher  and  the  two  smaller  ones. 

The  foundation  of  the  large  crusher  is 
a  concrete  column  10  ft.  2  in.  by  12  ft., 
and  58  ft.  6  in.  high.  The  column  has 
no  batter  and  rests  upon  a  concrete  floor 
3  ft.  thick,  which  covers  the  entire  area 
of  the  building.  It  is  reinforced  with 
eight  old  wire  cables  extending  from  the 
bottom  to  the  top,  part  of  which  extend 
diagonally  or  hour-glass  fashion.  The 
two  No.  5  crushers  are  mounted  upon  a 
similar  column  8x14  ft.  and  42  ft.  high. 
Both  of  these  columns  are  entirely  inde- 
pendent of  the  steel  structures,  so  that  the 
vibration  of  these,  due  to  the  crushers, 
will  not  be  communicated  to  the  building. 
The  capacity  of  the  crushing  plant  will 
be,  approximately,  100  tons  per  hour. 


Additional  experiments  with  the  Jones 
"step"  process  for  low-grade  iron  ore 
are  being  carried  out  on  a  larger  scale  at 
Iron  Mountain.  Mich.,  by  the  Chartiers 
Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company. 


December  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1097 


Closing  Cable  Way   in  Engine 
Room  Walls 

A  cable  operating  on  a  wide-faced 
drum  requires  an  opening  in  the  wall 
practically  as  long  as  the  drum  is  wide. 
In  the  accompanying  illustration  the 
opening  B  is  about  5  ft.  long  and  nearly 
1  ft.  wide.  In  a  cold  climate  it  is  neces- 
sary to  close  this  during  the  winter 
months  and  the  device  shown  does  this 
effectively. 

A  board  A  with  a  2-in.  hole  C  for  the 
cable  slides  in  grooves  behind  the  boards 
D.  The  pulley  F  revolves  on  the  rod  G, 
traveling    back    and    forward    with    the 

I  cable.  Two  triangular  'h-in.  steel-rod 
braces  E  are  fastened  to  the  board  A 
with  a  fork  in  the  lower  end  to  extend 
ever  the  rod  G.  These  are  in  close  con- 
tact with  the  pulley,  and  as  the  cable 
moves   the   pulley   along   the   rod    G.   the 

,  pulley  moves  the  board  A  with  it.  The 
csble  itself  does  not  come  in  contact  with 
the  sliding    boards    as    it    does  in  some 


-f 


^VK. 


-F 


The  EnginMrtng  ^^fininff  Jownal 

Sliding  Device  for  Closing  Cable  Way 
IN  Engine-house  Walls 

other  types  which  do  not  use  the  trian- 
gular braces.  The  sheave  used  in  this 
particular  case  is  24  in.  in  diameter. 
This  arrangement  is  in  use  at  the  Pabst 
mine,    Ironwood,    Michigan. 


The    Back   Sight  Lamp 
By  Paul  A.  Cow* 

The  back-sight  or  plummet  lamp  shown 
:i  the  accompanying  drawings  is  an  in- 
:enious  device  that  is  generally  used 
■y  mine  surveyors  as  Butte,  Mont.  It 
an  be  made  by  any  tinsmith.  The  illus- 
"ation  shows  patterns  of  the  component 
irts,  and  the  lamp  assembled. 

The  lamp  is  made  of  sheet  copper  with 

base  of  galvanized  iron.  The  base 
,ttends  in  front  of  the  lamp  proper  and 
^rries  a  block  of  lead  riveted  to  the 
iwer  side  to  counterbalance  the  weight 
f  the  candle  and  lamp  proper.     A  pin 

extends  through  the  lead  block  and 
|ase,  and  is  held  by  soldering  washers  to 
|e  pin  above  and  below  the  block.    This 


allows  the  pin  to  turn.  A  small  hole  is 
drilled  through  the  top  of  the  pin  and  a 
No.  15  knitting  needle  is  used  to  hang 
the  lamp  from  the  screw-eye  or  survey 
point.  As  the  pin  is  loose  the  lamp  may 
be  faced  in  any  direction. 

Lamp  Suspended  By  Knitting  Needle 
The  use  of  knitting  needles  instead 
of  cord  prevents  swinging  or  turning 
Several  needles  may  be  hooked  together 
in    order    to    bring    the    back-sight    low 

'  "I 


r»ld  ,m  Bl.l. 


.^S— 


I; 

i:tiT 


^f 


Sheet  Copper 
A 


-r't 
1 1 1 

Ml 


I  > 


-ea- 


1/ 


■  Steel 


IS 


E 


^ 


Galvanized 
IroD 


"/.•  Enfflnt4Hnff  i iRnins;  Journal 

Patterns  of  Parts  and  Assembled 
Back-sight  Lamp 

enough  to  be  seen.  In  the  front  of  the 
lamp  and  directly  behind  the  lowest 
needle,  a  sheet  of  tracing  cloth  with  a 
sheet  of  mica  on  each  side  is  inserted 
in  the  slots  shown.  In  this  way  the 
needle  is  illuminated  for  the  sight.  As 
each  instrument  man  has  but  one  helper, 
this  device  saves  a  great  deal  of  time 
and  walking  back  and  forth. 


•.NHiiIni; 


1111,-1  ncer,     nutte.     Mont. 


There  were  282  mining  companies 
chartered  in  the  province  of  Ontario  in 
1909.  the  aggregate  capitalization  being 
$236,883,000. 


The    Necessity    for    Free   Silica  in 
Pyrite  Smelting 


A  factor  which  engineers  are  inclined 
to  overlook  when  considering  pyrite- 
smelting  operations  is  the  condition  of 
the  silica  in  the  ores  in  question.  At  the 
annual  meeting  in  London  of  the  Fama- 
tina  Development  Company,  which  oper- 
ates a  copper  smeltery  at  Santa  Floren- 
tina,  Argentina,  Rowland  Fielding  an- 
nounced that  the  company  was.  now  pro- 
ducing blister  copper  after  calcining,  etc., 
but  that  previously  in  view  of  the  high 
cost  of  coke  an  attempt  was  made  to  smelt 
pyritically  with  disastrous  results.  In  re- 
viewing some  of  the  reasons  for  this 
failure   Mr.    Fielding   said    in   part: 

"It  does  not  do  to  criticize  the  failure 
too  severely,  though  perhaps  it  might  be 
thought  that  Santa  Florentina  in  the  initial 
stages  was  scarcely  the  place  to  try  any 
experiment  in.  I  have  discussed  the  cause 
of  the  failure  with  Professor  Gowland, 
who  is  associated  as  metallurgical  adviser 
in  the  management  of  this  company,  and 
his  opinion  is  that  the  reason  of  the  fail- 
ure of  pyritic  smelting  was  chiefly  a  chem- 
ical one,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  ore 
contains  from  11.5  per  cent,  to  15.3  per 
cent,  of  alumina,  which  is  probably  com- 
bined with  silica,  or,  if  free,  will  combine 
with  the  silica  of  the  ore  to  form  a  sili- 
cate of  alumina  on  smelting. 

Aluminum  Silicates  Make  Slags  Pasty 
and  Require  Higher  Heat 

"These  aluminum  silicates  are  fusible 
with  great  difficulty.  They  make  ordi- 
nary slags  pasty,  and  require  a  higher 
temperature  for  their  fusion  than  can  be 
obtained  by  the  oxidation  of  the  sulphur 
and  iron  in  pyritic  smelting.  The  heat 
afforded  by  this  oxidation,  that  is,  by  the 
combustion  of  the  pyrites,  leaves  but  little 
margin  for  the  smelting  process,  and  is 
insufficient  to  overcome  the  pastiness  of 
aluminous  slags  ,and  to  give  them  the  nec- 
essary fluidity  to  flow  freely  out  of  the 
furnace.  In  pyritic  smelting,  as  a  rule, 
slags  will  only  carry  satisfactorily  about 
7  or  8  per  cent,  of  alumina  owing  to  this 
narrow  margin  of  heat. 

"If  coke  is  added  to  the  charge  in  order 
to  raise  the  temperature  sufficiently  to 
fuse  the  slags,  then  the  oxidation  of 
much  of  the  iron  sulphide  is  prevented  by 
the  carbon  of  the  coke  using  up  the  oxy- 
gen of  the  blast  which  should  go  to  the 
sulphide.  This  unoxidized  sulphide  of 
iron  then  enters  the  matte  and  makes  it 
of  low  grade.  I  may  go  on  to  say  that  as 
in  pyritic  smelting  it  is  absolutely  neces- 
sary that  the  silica  shall  not  be  com- 
bined,  but  be  free  to  combine  at  once  with 
the  iron  oxide  as  soon  as  it  is  formed  by 
the  oxidation  of  the  pyrites,  I  do  not 
think  that  pyritic  smelting  can  be  satis- 
factorily undertaken  unless  the  composi- 
tion of  the  ore  changes." 


1098 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


Alluvial  Gold  Deposits  and  Mining  in  Colombia 

Present  Gold  Output  about  $3,600,000   per  Year.      Much  of  the  Gravel 
Contains  40  to  60c.  per  cu.  yd.      Ample  Water  for  Dredges  and  Monitors 


B      Y 


A 


A      L      I      G* 


Gold  was  extracted  from  auriferous  de- 
posits in  Colombia,  principally  from 
creeks  and  ravines,  centuries  before 
Jrminez  de  Quesada,  the  Spanish  con- 
queriir  and  founder  of  Bogota  subdued 
the  last  zipa  or  head  cacique,  whose  do- 
minicn  formed  part  of  Atuhualpa's  great 
empire.  According  to  different  reports  a 
larpe  portion  of  the  gold  which  was  pre- 
sented to  Francisco  Pizzaro  by  the  last 
Inca,  Emperor  Atuhualpa  of  Peru,  for 
ransom,  was  obtained  from  alluvial  de- 
posits  in  southern   Colombia. 

Great  skill  was  shown  by  the  caciques 
(Indian  chiefs)  in  directing  operations  in 
primitive  ways,  principally  tunneling  and 
discovering  rich  reconcentrated  deposits. 
Large  amounts  of  gold  in  rings  and  other 
ornaments  have  been  obtained  from  their 
graves,  generally  on  elevated  spots,  on 
either  side  of  the  Central  Cordillera. 
These  excavations  are  difficult  to  explore, 
as  they  generally  sunk  vertical  shafts  15 
to  20  ft.  deep  and  then  drifted  in  gigzag 
lines  sometimes  hundreds  of  feet  and 
then  carefully  filled  the  drifts  in  order  to 
leave  no  sign  of  their  burial  places. 

The  Spaniards  with  competent  engi- 
neers of  their  time,  built  long  ditches  to 
convey  water  to  elevated  deposits  and 
sluiced  gravel  on  a  large  scale,  princi- 
pally in  the  Magdalena  valley  near  Mari- 
quita  and  Cindio.  In  fact  most  of  the 
ravines  and  small  river  beds  in  different 
sections  of  the  country  have  been  worked. 
Deposits  of  gravel  of  enormous  extent  are 
found  on  some  of  the  hill  claims  and  on 
plains,  which  are  suitable   for  dredging. 

Production  and  Extent  of  Deposits 

According  to  Dr.  Soetbeer,  the  produc- 
tion of  gold  from  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  formerly  New  Granada,  from 
1570  to  1875  was  over  £198,000,000. 
mostly  obtained  from  alluvial  deposits. 
The  present  output  of  gold  amounts  to 
about  S300,000  per  month.  Correct  sta- 
tistics cannot  be  obtained.  The  larger 
part  of  this  gold  is  extracted  from  quartz 
mines,  chief  among  which  are  the  Zan- 
ciido,  Frontino  Bolivia.  Las  Cascadas. 
Union  and  Bretaiia.  The  richest  alluvial 
mine  of  Columbia  was  the  famous  Mal- 
paso  mine  near  Mariquita  upon  which 
several  monitors  were  operated  success- 
fully for  a  number  of  years. 

The  gravel  deposits  on  either  side  of 
the  Central  Cordillera  are  extensive,  be- 
ing in  several  places  20  to  50  miles  long, 
10  to  15  miles  wide  and  20  to  60  ft.  deep. 
Also  on  the  Atrato  river,  principally  in  the 

•Mlnlntr  ■•iiL-lncir.    Ilimilii.    ('..lomhln. 


Choco  district,  extensive  deposits  of  gold 
and  platinum  have  been  found,  in  river 
beds  and  on  bedrock  of  alluvial  deposits. 

Topographic  and  Geologic  Features 

The  surface  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Central  Cordillera  consists  of  ridges  of 
almost  uniform  hight  of  2500  ft.  above 
sea  level.  These  ridges  alternate  with 
valleys  containing  .  northeast  flowing 
streams  and  are  limited  on  the  east  by 
the  plains  in  the  Magdalena  valley.  These 
plains,  with  an  elevation  of  300  to  600 
ft.,  are  15  to  20  miles  wide.  The  upper 
part  of  the  valleys  on  the  Cordillera,  for 
a  distance  of  30  to  40  miles  consists  main- 
ly of  canons  with  water  falls  40  to  70  ft. 
high  and  400  to  500  yd.  apart.  The  west- 
ern region  of  the  Central  Cordillera  has 
similar  topography.  The  gravel  deposits 
are  mainly  of  Tertiary  age.  The  gold  in 
these  deposits  originated  from  quartz 
and  calcite  veins  and  stringers  in  the 
Andes  schists,  and  owes  its  present 
condition  to  concentration  caused  by 
wave  action,  stream  action  and  weath- 
ering. The  richest  deposits  are  due 
to  reconcentration.  Tertiary  peneplana- 
tion  was  succeeded  by  Pleistocene  ele- 
vation which  caused  the  cutting  of  the 
valleys  and  the  concentration  of  gold  in 
river  beds  and  ravines.  Recent  stream  ac- 
tion caused  concentration  of  large  quan- 
tities of  gold,  mainly  on  the  inside  of 
bends  of  the  rivers.  On  the  ridges  of  the 
east  side  of  the  Cordillera  are  several 
ancient  lake  deposits.  Among  these,  the 
San  Antiono  deposit  is  the  largest. 

Gravel  Deposits 

The  gravel  deposits  consist  of  a  mix- 
ture of  sandstone,  granite,  diorite,  por- 
phyry, quartzite  and  calcite  sands,  argil- 
laceous limestone,  pyrite,  mica,  clay, 
schist  and  flint  boulders.  On  the  plains, 
the  gravel  is  generally  of  small  size  while 
the  elevated  deposits  near  the  foot  hills 
of  the  Cordillera  are  coarse  granite  and 
flint  boulders  distributed  in  great  quanti- 
ties. Some  of  the  plain  deposits  are  bar- 
ren of  vegetation,  while  on  others  a  cap 
of  one  to  two  yards  of  soil  is  present  and 
is  covered  with  heavy  vegetation,  princi- 
pally bamboo  trees  and  cedars.  The  ele- 
vated deposits  (hill  claims)  have  a  cap  of 
clay  and  volcanic  ash   10  to   15  ft.  thick. 

The  gravels  in  reconcentrated  deposits 
are  usually  fine.  These  deposits  are  gen- 
erally found  below  pipe  clay  and  have  .". 
cap  of  3  to  4  ft.  of  soft  sandstone.  Sev- 
eral similar  deposits  have  been  found  on 
the   lower  part  of  elevated  deposits  and 


are   covered   with   gravel   of   the   Tertiary 
age. 

The  bedrock  consists  mainly  of  schist 
of  sedenientary  origin.  Intrusions  of 
granodiorite  and  porphyritic  granite, 
probably  of  Tertiary  age,  form  the  bed- 
rock of  the  upper  deposits.  These  have 
been  found  in  the  Malabar  mine,  near 
Mariquita.  At  some  places  this  bedrock 
is  covered  over  a  large  area  with  a  cap 
of  clay  2  to  3  ft.  thick.  On  the  upper 
deposits  the  bedrock  generally  consists 
of  schist  which  alternates  with  slate  of 
Carboniferous  age.  Quartz  stringers  are 
occasionally  found  in  the  bedrock  6  to 
12  in.   thick  and   40  to  50  ft.  apart. 

Distribution  and  Quality  of  Gold 

The  distribution  of  gold  varies.  In  de- 
posits on  the  plains  it  is  almost  uniform 
in  the  first  three  or  four  yards  of  sand 
or  gravel.  The  average  content  is  be- 
tween 50  and  60c.  per  cu.yd.  On  the 
upper  deposits  a  streak  of  gravel,  near 
the  bedrock.  1  to  2  ft.  thick  contains  S3 
to  S4  per  cu.yd.,  while  the  upper  portion, 
which  is  20  to  30  ft.  thick,  carries  only 
25  to  30c.  per  yard.  In  undulations  on 
sandstone  bedrock  in  reconcentrated  de- 
posits as  much  as  14  oz.  of  gold  per  pan 
has  been  obtained  at  the  Malpaso  mine. 
Also  in  undulations  around  conical  hills 
which  rise  here  and  there,  30  to  40  ft. 
above  the  gravel  deposits,  principally  in 
turned-up  slates,  coarse  gold  amounting 
to  S2  to  S5  per  pan  has  been  found.  In 
the  ravines  of  the  Gurrias  mine,  where 
quartz  stringers  cross  the  ravine  in  great 
numbers,  nuggets  weighing  from  'j  to  4 
oz.  have  been  found.  These  contain 
more  or  less  quartz  and  calcite.  Almost 
four  pounds  of  this  coarse  gold  were  ob- 
tained from  an  area  of  5x50  m.  in  the 
lower  end  of  the  ravine.  Also  pieces  jf 
quartzite  weighing  '4  of  a  pound  contain- 
ing 45c.  free  gold  were  found,  indicat- 
ing their  origin  as  in  the  immediate 
vicinity.  The  gold  on  the  lower  part  of 
this  plain  and  in  reconcentrated  deposits 
is  fine,  becoming  coarser  toward  the  foot- 
hills of  the  Cordillera.  Alluvial  gold  in 
Colombia  is  worth  .^16  to  S18  per  ounce. 

Climatic  and  Labor  Conditions 

The  climate,  except  in  the  wilderness 
on  the  lower  rivers  is  excellent,  being 
continuous  spring.  The  country  is 
traversed  by  the  three  branches  of  the 
Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  which  have  ele- 
vations of  8000  to  12,000  ft.,  while  the 
snow-capped  Ruiz  and  Tolinia  peaks  are 
over  17,000  ft.  above  the  sea  level.    Wa- 


«i 


December  3,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1099 


ter'  in  most  parts  of  the  country  is  clear 
and  fresh.  Laborers  at  50c.  to  tiOc.  per 
day  are  abundant.  The  most  reliable  and 
industrious  of  them  found  in  the  mining 
regions  are  the  Antioqueiios. 

Operating  Facilities 

Transportation  facilities  to  these  'de- 
posits are  excellent.  The  Magdalena  and 
Cauca  rivers  and  their  tributaries  are 
navigable.  Three  times  per  week  river 
steamboats  of  200  to  300  tons  capacity 
leave  Barranquilla  for  La  Dorada.  near 
Honda.  These  boats  carry  first-,  second- 
and  third-class  passengers.  The  facili- 
ties for  the  operation  of  monitors  on  the 
elevated  deposits  and  dredges  on  the 
plains  are  excellent.  Sufficient  water  for 
the  operation  of  several  monitors  and 
jood  dumps  for  debris  are  obtainable 
n  most  places.  Timber  for  houses, 
sluices,  etc.,  is  abundant  and  on  the 
;round.  Dredges  could  be.  run  by  elec- 
'  rlcity,  as  almost  unlimited  water  power 
•an  be  obtained  in  the  valleys  or  cations, 
inly  a  few  miles  distant. 

After  making  preliminary  investiga- 
ions  which  proved  satisfactory,  plans 
or  working  these  deposits  on  the  east 
ide  of  the  Cordillera  on  an  immense 
cale  were  drawn  up  and  submitted  to  a 
arge  mining  corporation,  and  favorable 
ction  has  been  taken. 

General  Conditions   in   the   Country 

The  mining  laws  of  the  State  of 
.ntioquia  have  been  adopted  in  the  Re- 
ublic  and  are  similar  to  the  Mexican  laws, 
lany  reforms  have  been  made  during  re- 
ant  years.  Foreigners  have  the  same 
ghts  in  every  respect  as  natives.  Allu- 
ial  claims  are  2000x5000  m.  and  reef 
aims  600x1800  m.  Taxes  per  year  on 
lluvial  claims  are  $5,  and  if  paid  for 
1  years  gives  perpetual  title.  There  is 
3  export  duty  on  gold  now.  Mining  ma- 
linery  is  admitted  almost  free. 
Concessions  on  liberal  terms  can  be 
5tained,  if  competent  men  familiar  with 
e  Spanish  language,  ways  and  customs 

the  Latin  races  are  sent  there.  For- 
gners,  as  long  as  they  keep  out  of  re- 
gious  and  political  affairs,  are  treated 
ith  consideration,  especially  in  An- 
jquia,  the  population  of  which  is  prin- 
pally  of  Jewish  extraction,  but  staunch 
atholics,  and  is  the  most  indus- 
ious  and  progressive  element  in  Latin 
nerica.  Colombia  today  can  be  consid- 
cd  one  of  the  most  peaceful  countries 

South  America.  Its  many  failures  in 
ining  enterprises  are  due  more  to  lack 

well  organized  companies  and  compc- 
nf  management  than  to  political  dis- 
rbances.  Its  newly  elected  president, 
■.  Carlos  E.  Restrepo.  the  first  execu- 
ie  from  Antioquia,  is  a  progressive 
'itestTian.  Therefore,  the  country's 
]ture  is  now  more  promising  than  ever. 
Id  with  its  enormous  mineral  wealth 
■111  soon  become  one  of  the  world's 
^.it  mining  centers. 


The  Kent  Gasfield* 


Toronto  Correspondence 

The  Kent  gasfield  of  Ontario,  Canada, 
covers  portions  of  the  townships  of  Rom- 
ney.  East  Tilbury  and  Raleigh,  the  field 
forming  roughly  a  triangle  with  the  base 
resting  on  Lake  Erie.  Drilling  operations 
commenced  in  the  oil-bearing  territory  to 
the  north  of  this  field  in  1905,  and  were 
later  pushed  southward.  In  December, 
190(5,  the  first  gas  well  was  drilled  near 
the  lake,  which  has  since  proved  the 
richest  part  of  the  field.  Work  was  con- 
tinued during  the  two  following  years 
v/ith  the  result  that  by  May,  1909.  the 
limits  of  the  field  could  be  determined 
with  some  exactness  so  far  as  the  land 
area  is  concerned.  The  gas-bearing  rock 
without  doubt  extends  some  distance  un- 
der the  lake,  and  the  wells  of  largest  ca- 
pacity are  found  not  far  from  the  lake 
shore.  The  gas  exists  in  the  Onondaga 
formation  in  a  dolomite  rock.  Usually 
four  paystreaks  are  present.  The  capac- 
ity of  the  wells  in  this  field  is  much 
greater  than  is  usual  in  Ontario. 

Capacities  of  Ontario  Wells 

Thus  the  open-flow  measurement  of  the 
wells  in  the  Haldimand  field  near  Selkirk, 
which  has  not  long  been  drawn  upon  and 
is  therefore  near  its  maximum,  averages 
less  than  200,000  cu.ft.  in  24  hours,  and 
only  about  4  per  cent,  of  the  wells  show  a 
measurement  of  500,000  ft.  or  over.  In 
the  Kent  field,  on  the  other  hand,  a  num- 
ber of  wells  have  an  open-flow  capacity 
up  to  7,000.000  ft.  and  the  average  of  17 
wells  known  to  the  author  is  about  2,500,- 
000  ft.  At  present  the  gas  is  piped  to  a 
number  of  towns  and  cities  including 
Chatham,  Windsor,  Sarnia  and  smaller 
places,  besides  outlying  farm  houses 
along  the  lines,  supplying  a  population  in 
all  of  about  50.000.  Mr.  Mickle  calcu- 
lates the  total  quantity  of  gas  available  as 
61,000,000.000  cu.ft.,  based  on  the  factors 
of  the  area  and  average  aggregate  thick- 
ness of  the  gas-bearing  rock,  the  rock 
pressure  and  the  amount  of  pore  space  in 
the  rock,  the  latter  being  the  only  factor 
which  cannot  be  measured  directly  or  ap- 
proximated in  r.ome  way.  The  area  is 
fairly  well  delimited  and  embraces  34.6 
square  miles,  with  chances  greatly  in  fa- 
vor of  its  extending  farther  out  into  the 
lake  than  the  one  mile  beyond  the  shore 
line  included  in  the  estimate. 

Gas  and  Oil  Areas  Closely  Connected 

The  gas  area  and  the  oil  territory  in 
Kent  county  are  closely  connected.  As 
oil,  if  obtained,  can  be  sold  at  once,  while 
the  construction  of  pipe-lines  and  obtain- 
ing the  municipal  franchises  necessary  to 
the  marketing  of  gas  involve  expense  and 
delay,  those  interested  in  oil  will,  unless 


restrained,  be  likely  to  sacrifice  gas  reck- 
lessly to  secure  a  trifling  amount  of  oil. 
Apart  from  this  menace  and  assuming 
that  gas  were  used  only  for  domestic  pur- 
poses, including  cooking,  heating  and 
lighting,  the  supply  should  last  the  popu- 
lation of  50,000  now  connected  with  the 
field  for  33  years  at  least  with  a  strong 
probability  that  it  should  exceed  that  pe- 
riod considerably.  This  calculation  allows 
one  million  cubic  feet  per  day  for  each 
10.000  of  population.  But  the  use  of 
natural  gas  for  industrial  purposes,  as  in 
heating  boilers  for  the  production  of 
steam,  unless  checked  by  legislation  will 
tend  to  shorten  the  life  of  the  field.  In 
1894  a  select  committee  of  the  provincial 
legislature  appointed  to  inquire  into  the 
production  of  natural  gas  recommended 
that  in  view  of  the  limited  supply  its  use 
should  as  far  as  possible  be  confined  to 
the  purposes  of  domestic  fuel  and  the 
finer  classes  of  manufacture. 


American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company 


•Alislr.iot    n(  a    ipporl    liy   G.   R.   Xllokle  for 
tlio  Omni-lii   r.iirc.nn   ff   Minns. 


A  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders 
of  the  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company,  has  been  called  for  Jan.  5,  at 
which  it  is  proposed  to  increase  the  cap- 
ital stock  from  the  present  authorized 
limit  of  SIOO.000.000  to  $115,000,000,  the 
new  stock  to  be  in  common  shares.  It 
is  proposed  with  the  new  stock  to  acquire 
S15,000,000  of  the  newly  authorized  6  per 
cent,  debenture  bonds  of  the  American 
Smellers  Securities  Company,  after 
which  these  bonds  will  be  issued  for 
subscription  to  the  shareholders.  Speak- 
ing of  this  new  financing,  President  Dan- 
iel Guggenheim  said: 

"Through  the  expected  ultimate  con- 
version of  the  A.  S.  S.  Co.'s  bonds  into 
A.  S.  &  R.  Co.'s  common  stock,  and  the 
operation  of  the  sinking  fund,  the  A.  S.  & 
R.  Co.  should,  as  a  result  of  this  transac- 
tion, receive  approximately  S15.000.000 
additional  cash  capital,  which,  with  the 
present  cash  capital,  will  make  a  total  of 
approximately  .S27,000,000  cash. 

"The  ores  and  metals  in  process  of 
smelting  and  refining  now  held  by  the 
company,  together  with  the  present  in- 
vestments and  the  necessary  stock  of 
fuel,  etc.,  aggregate  at  least  $23,000,000. 
It  can.  therefore,  be  confidently  expected 
that  the  cash  assets  of  the  company  will 
equal  $50,000,000  and  that  the  pre- 
ferred stock  of  the  company  will  have  its 
entire  face  value  offset  by  cash  and  quick 
assets.  The  common  stock  will  be  rep- 
resented by  the  property  account  of  ."SSO.- 
000.000,  to  which  should  be  added  the 
value  of  the  $17,751,000  par  value  of  the 
common  stock  of  the  A.  S.  S.  Co.  Such 
bonds  as  remain  in  the  treasury  of  the 
company  not  retired  by  the  sinking  fund 
will  receive  interest  at  the  rate  of  6 
per  cent,  per  annum." 


1100  THE 

Iron  Ore  Situation    in   East  Texas 


ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


rate  of  75c.  a  ton  for  a  haul  of  300  iniles.     The  short  shaft  is  coupled  to  the  jeweled 
so    that    it    would    appear    reasonable    to     staff  first  named  through  a  torsion  spring 


A  bulletin  just  issued  by  Dr.  William 
B.  Phillips,  head  of  the  Bureau  of  Eco- 
nomic Geology  of  the  University  of 
Texas,  gives  a  brief  but  comprehensive 
summary  of  the  present  situation  with 
regard  to  the  extensive  deposits  of  iron 
ore  in  the  eastern  part  of  Texas. 
The  First  Shipments 

On  June  15,  1910,  the  first  coastwise 
shipment  of  east  Texas  iron  ore  left 
Texas  City  for  Philadelphia,  in  the 
steamer  "F.  J.  Luckenbach."  It  con- 
sisted of  568  tons  and  came  from  Cass 
county,  on  the  line  of  the  Jefferson  & 
Northwestern  railway.  The  shipment  was 
intended  as  a  test  lot  to  be  tried  in  a 
Pennsylvania  blast  furnace  and  was  not 
intended  as  the  immediate  precursor  of 
other  and  larger  shipments.  The  results 
of  the  test  were  so  favorable  that  con- 
tracts involving  1000  tons  of  ore  a  day 
can  now  be  placed  in  eastern  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

The  Texas  Iron  and  Coal  Company, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $5,000,000,  has 
been  organized  by  New  York,  Philadel- 
phia and  Texas  people  and  a  permit  to 
transact  business  in  Texas  will  shortly 
be  applied  for.  This  company  has  ac- 
quired 55,000  acres  of  iron-ore  lands  in 
east  Texas  and  proposes  to  engage  in 
the  business  of  mining  and  shipping  iron 
ore  on  a  large  scale. 

There  are  two  outlets  for  this  ore,  dis- 
regarding such  shipments  as  may  go  by 
rail  to  St.  Louis,  or  to  the  Birmingham 
district,  in  Alabama.  These  are  from  the 
orefields  by  rail  to  some  Gulf  port — Port 
Arthur,  Beaumont  (later),  Bolivar  or 
Texas  City,  and  from  the  orefields  to 
some  point  on  the  Mississippi  river,  such 
as  Vicksburg  or  Baton  Rouge. 

Railroad  Rates 

It  depends  to  a  large  degree  upon  the 
railroads  contiguous  to  the  ore  districts 
whether  this  ore  will  go  out  through  a 
Texas  port  or  down  the  Mississippi  river 
in  steamers  by  way  of  New  Orleans.  If 
the  railroads  will  give  a  rate  of  SI  a  ton 
to  tidewater  it  is  likely  that  the  greater 
part  of  the  ore  will  go  out  from  some 
Texas  gulf  port.  If  they  will  not  do  this 
it  is  possible  that  the  traffic  will  be  di- 
verted from  the  Texas  gulf  ports  and  seek 
an  outlet  by  way  of  the  Mississippi  river 
and  New  Orleans.  The  traffic  will  not 
stand  a  higher  rate  than  .SI  a  ton  to  tide- 
water, for  the  ore  must  be  laid  down  at 
Atlantic  ports  at  a  total  cost  not  to  ex- 
ceed S3  a  ton. 

The  railroad  haul  to  tidewater  does 
not  exceed  325  miles  and  a  rate  of  SI  a 
ton  means  0.3c.  per  ton-mile.  In  the 
Birmingham  district,  Alabama,  such  traf- 
fic has  been  handled  for  0.25c.  per  ton- 
mile  for  distances  of  100  miles.  Applied 
to  Texas  conditions  this  would   mean   a 


expect  a  rate  of  SI  a  ton.  The  rate  to 
St.  Louis,  541  miles,  is  S2,  while  ship- 
ments have  been  made  to  Birmingham, 
512  miles,  for  S2.20  per  ton. 

There  is  a  large  tonnage  of  iron  ore 
to  be  moved  in  one  direction  or  -  the 
other.  The  300.000  tons  a  year  can  eas- 
ily be  increased  to  1,000,000  tons  a 
year. 

Unloading  and  loading  facilities  are 
Hearing  completion  at  Texas  City,  and 
about  S250,000  has  already  been  ex- 
pended there  for  the  rapid  handling  of 
such  ore  as  will  naturally  seek  that 
outlet. 


A  New  Torsion  Balance 


A  new  torsion  balance  for  weighing 
light  objects  quickly  and  accurately  is 
being  marketed  by  Machado  &  Roller  of 
New  York  City. 

Referring  to  the  illustration  of  this 
novelty,  a  horizontal  staff  terminating  in 


JVic  Enyinfcrinn  ^  yitiinrt  Journal 

A   Precision  Torsion  Balance 

conical  steel  pivots  which  rest  in  jeweled 
bearings  is  situated  along  the  line  EB. 
To  this  horizontal  staff  is  secured  a 
pointer  B  and  a  hook-shaped  extension 
A  which  projects  from  the  case  and 
serves  as  a  support  for  the  object  to  be 
staff    likewise    carries    a 


which  is  not  under  tension  when  the 
pointer  C  has  been  pushed  around  to  the 
zero  of  its  scale  if  A  carries  no  load. 
In  other  words,  with  C  at  zero,  B  like- 
wis^  points  to  zero  on  its  own  short  ccale, 
if  there  is  no  load. 

If  a  weight  be  hung  on  A  the  staff  will 
be  rotated  against  the  torsion  spring  and 
the  pointer  B  will  sink  below  zero.  By 
moving  D  with  a  left-hand  rotation  the 
torsion  of  the  spring  is  increased,  and 
when  it  exactly  balances  the  torque  due 
to  the  weight  at  A,  B  will  again  point  to 
its  zero  mark.  At  that  time  C  will  be  at 
some  other  position  on  its  own  scale,  for 
example,  in  the  illustration  at  3.5.  The 
scale  having  been  calibrated  in  milli- 
grams this  means  that  the  weight  on  A 
is  3.5  milligrams,  the  result  being  thus 
obtained  directly. 

The  lever  F  which  is  shown  as  pro- 
jecting from  the  bottom  of  the  balance 
case  operates  a  clamping  device  for 
clamping  or  freeing  the  balance  mechan- 
ism. When  it  is  pushed  to  the  right  as 
far  as  it  will  go,  the  balance  is  free 
and  that  fact  is  visible  upon  inspection 
as  the  arrow  carried  by  the  extension  of 
the  arm  then  points  to  "free."  Con- 
versely, when  F  is  pushed  to  the  left  the 
balance  is  locked  and  the  pointer  so  in- 
dicates. 

The  device  is  equipped  with  a  plumb 
bob  and  leveling  screws,  and  the  balance 
arm  A  protected  from  the  damage  when 
not  in  use  by  swinging  over  it  the  hinged 
cap  which  the  illustration  shows.  Each 
balance  is  equipped  with  an  index  cor- 
rector, not  shown.  The  pointer  B 
should  stand  at  zero  when  C  is  at  its  zero, 
if  A  carry  no  load.  Should  it  fail  to  do 
so,  the  index  corrector  permits  of  making 
the  proper  adjustment  as  rotating  it  in 
one  direction  or  the  other  will  correspond- 
ingly influence  B. 

As  will  be  noticed,  the  pointer  B  has, 
in  addition  to  its  zero  mark,  a  few  divi- 
sions on  either  side  thereof.  These  will 
be  found  extremely  useful  in  making  a 
succession  of  weighings  of  bodies  of 
nearly  the  same  weight  as  by  setting  C 
to  a  value  approximating  the  mean  weight, 
the  extent  of  the  deflection  of  B  from  its 
zero  shows  direct  without  any  manipula- 
tion the  excess  weight  or  underweight  as 
compared  with  the  said  mean. 

The  capacities  range  from  6  to  1000 
milligrams;  one  scale  division  on  the 
six-milligram  balance  being  equal  to  0.05 


weighed.     The 

light  aluminum  disk   (not  visible)   which     ^^  _  ^^^ ^^  ^^^^  lOOO-mg.  balance  to  five 

swings  between  the  jaws  of  a  powerful    ^;,iior.qms 

permanent  magnet  and  thus  damps  oscil- 


milligrams. 


hitions,  making  the  action  dead-beat 

Mounted  in  line  with  the  staff  above 
named  and  in  front  of  it  is  a  short  shaft 
which  carries  at  its  inner  end  beneath  the 
glass  cover  the  pointer  C,  its  outer  end 
carrying  the  handle  D  which  is  clamped 
to    it   by   means   of   the    thumb-screw    E. 


It  is  now  announced  in  Meiaux  et  Al- 
liages  that  the  new  French  fractional 
currency  is  not  to  be  pure  aluminum, 
owing  to  its  softness,  but  an  alloy  of  90 
per  cent,  copper  and  10  per  cent,  alum- 
inum. 


December  3.    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1101 


Bureau    of    Corporations  Will    Not 
Divulge   Individual  Costs 

Washington  Correspondence 

The    Bureau    of   Corporations   has   re- 
fused to  supply  the  Tariff  Board  with  the 
detailed  costs  of  tnanufacturing  iron  and 
steel   with   reference    to    any    particular 
plant.     This  is  on  the  basis  of  the  fact 
that  the  bureau,  when  it  was  given  access 
to  the  books  of  the   United   States  Steel 
Corporation    and    other    plants,    obtained 
the   data    thus    made    available    under    a 
pledge  that  they  should   be   kept  in  con- 
fidence.   Some  time  ago,  the  Tariff  Board 
asked  the  Bureau  of  Corporations  to  fur- 
nish   it   with    cost    data    relating   to    iron 
jnd  steel,  alleging  that  by  so  doing  the 
:ost  of  separate   inquiry,  as  well  as  the 
iclay  incident  thereto,  would  be  avoided, 
vhile  the  board  would  gain  the  advantage 
)f  the  years   of  skilled    work   which   the 
Jureau  of  Corporations  has  given  to  this 
lubjeet.      The    Bureau    of    Corporations 
onsented  to  supply  the  information,  but 
urther  consideration  has  led   to  the  be- 
lef  that   the   action   must   be    limited    in 
he  way  already  indicated. 
It  is  understood  that  general  data  will 
ot  meet  the  purpose  of  the  Tariff  Board 
ompletely,  and  this  places  the  situation 
efore   President  Taft   for  determination, 
lasmuch  as  the  President  has  full  power 
ver  the  data  now  in  the  hands  of  the 
ureau   of   Corporations.     Mr.   Taft   has 
lown  strong  interest  in  the  work  of  the 
ariff  Board  and  has  expressed  a  desire 
lat  that  organization  should  have  all  the 
d  that  it  can  possibly  secure  from  other 
ranches    of    the    government.      On    the 
her  hand,  it   is   stated   that   he    is  de- 
rmined  to  observe  the  confidential  char- 
;ter  of   the    information    obtained    from 
e  iron  and  steel  people.     A  serious  de- 
y  has  occurred  in  transmitting  the  data 
;tween  the  two  bureaus,  and  it  is  likely 
continue     until     the     President     has 
eared  up  the  problem  now  offered. 


The  Heroult  Electric  Furnace 
Patents 


An  official  statement  just  given  out 
ys  that  the  United  States  Steel  Corpor- 
ion  has  acquired  from  Dr.  P.  Heroult, 
i  patentee,  exclusive  rights  in  the 
nited  States  for  the  electric  manufac- 
re  and  refining  of  steel  under  the 
;roult  patents. 

For  the  last  year  and  a  half  the  cor- 

ratinn  has  been  conducting  experiments 

0  the  practical   and   commercial   value 

this  process,  and  it  has  been  operating 

|0    I.'i-ton     Heroult     furnaces,     one    at 

y  Worcester,  Mass..  plant  of  the  Ameri- 

■^n   Steel    and    Wire    Company,   and    the 

herattheSouthChicago  works  of  the  III- 

ipis  Steel  Company.     At  the  Worcester 


plant  the  furnace  has  been  operated  in 
connection  with  the  basic  open-hearth 
furnaces,  and  a  specialty  has  been  made 
of  the  lighter  and  higher-grade  products. 
The  results  of  these  experiments  have 
been  successful  from  a  commercial 
standpoint,  and  wire  products  have  been 
manufactured,  which,  in  their  material, 
have  excelled  the  highest  quality  acid 
open-hearth  steel  made  at  this  plant.  The 
electric  furnace  in  Worcester  is  now  op- 
erating upon  a  commercial  basis  and  is 
furnishing  to  the  trade  high-grade  steel 
under  t'.:e  Heroult  process  in  wire  forms. 
The  furnace  at  South  Chicago  has  been 
employed  in  connection  with  the  bes- 
semer  converter  and  attention  has  been 
devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  electric 
steel  for  the  heavier  products,  such  as 
rails,  plates,  axles,  etc.  The  South  Chi- 
cago installation  is  still  in  the  experi- 
mental stage,  but  the  progress  so  far 
made  has  been  promising. 


Granby's    New  Copper    Mine 

Victoria  Correspondence 

The  Granby  Consolidated  Smelting  and 
Power  Company  recently  made  arrange- 
m.ents  to  purchase  from  J.  H.  Hodgens 
and  Ralph  Hodgens,  of  Butte  and  New 
York,  80  per  cent,  of  the  capital  stock 
of  the  Hidden  Creek  Copper  Company, 
for  3400,000,  and  part  payment  has  been 
made.  The  remaining  20  per  cent,  is 
held  by  M.  K.  Rodgers,  of  Seattle.  Wash., 
who  had  charge  of  the  property  while  it 
was  being  developed.  The  Hidden  Creek 
Copper  Company's  group  of  nine  min- 
eral claims  is  near  Goose  bay.  Observa- 
tory inlet,  B.  C,  the  latter  inlet  being  .in 
arm  of  the  Portland  canal.  No  work 
has  been  done  on  the  claims  for  about  a 
year,  but  prior  to  that  about  1000  ft. 
of  tunneling  was  driven  and  about  1500 
ft.  of  opencut  work  done.  This  work 
opened  a  large  body  of  copper-sulphide 
ore,  much  of  it  running  from  4  to  8  per 
rent,  copper  and  SI  to  S3  per  ton  in  gold 
and  silver.  It  is  a  favorable  ore  for 
smelting,  containing  an  excess  of  iron 
over  silica.  The  ore  zone  has  been 
opened  for  2000  ft.  in  length,  and  from 
200  to  500  ft.  in  width.  Available  ore 
is  estimated  at  400,000  tons. 

The  property  was  visited  by  Herbert 
Carmichael,  provincial  assayer,  in  1909, 
and  the  British  Columbia  Bureau  of 
Mines  afterward  published  an  official  bul- 
letin, in  which  his  description  of  it  was 
printed.  Particulars  are  given  of  two  big 
bluffs  of  ore,  and  several  smaller  show- 
ings are  also  mentioned.  To  cut  these 
several  orebodies  a  main  working  tunnel 
has  been  driven.    Mr.  Carmichael  wrote: 

"The  vertical  hight  between  the  main 
tunnel  and  the  top  of  the  Mammoth  Bluff 
deposit  is  450  ft.,  and  with  the  prospect- 
ing done  it  is  reasonable  to  infer  that 
the  oreshoot  is  continuous  for  this  verti- 


cal distance.  The  horizontal  boundaries 
of  this  orebody  have  not  been  clearly 
defined,  but  it  is  probably  about  000  ft. 
in  length  by  20  to  35  ft.  in  thickness, 
carrying  3  to  4  per  cent,  copper. 

"There  is  an  87-ft.  waterfall  on  a  small 
creek  I-v,  miles  northward  of  the  main 
tunnel,  where  600  h.p.  is  developed  by  an 
impact  Doble  wheel.  This  drives  an 
eight-drill  compressor;  also  a  small  saw- 
mill, capable  of  cutting  7000  ft.  of  rough 
lumber  per  day.  Transportation  facilities 
are  provided  by  the  installation  of  2500 
ft.  of  gravity  tramway  and  one  mile  of  an 
electric  tramroad  on  0.7  per  cent,  grade. 
This  will  bring  the  ore  to  deep  water, 
where  it  can  be  shipped  to  the  coast 
smelteries." 


Trouble    with    the    Mining  Census 
Washington  Correspondence 


According  to  information  which  has 
become  public  here,  continued  trouble  is' 
being  had  with  the  census  of  mines.' 
Statements  made  by  those  who  have  been 
engaged  in  the  census  office  are  to  tha 
effect  that  lately,  in  hundreds  of  cases, 
i'  has  been  necessary  to  send  the  sched- 
ules back  for  verification  or  else  to  have 
a  special  agent  visit  the  establishment 
and  get  what  he  could  to  rectify  the  in- 
consistencies or  shortcomings  of  the  cen- 
sus. One  of  the  special  troubles  thai 
has  recently  been  experienced,  it  is  stat- 
ed, is  found  in  the  fact  that  the  schedules 
did  not  properly  distinguish  between  the 
commissary  branch  of  the  mining  com- 
panies' business  either  as  to  expenses  or 
receipts,  so  that  the  returns  shown  are  of 
a  mixed  character,  including  not  only 
mining  figures,  but  also  figures  for  the 
mercantile  operations. 

These  reported  defects  in  the  mining 
census  are  in  line  with  what  has  been 
anticipated  and  merely  indicate  a  con- 
tinuance of  troubles  that  have  been  ap- 
parent in  conjunction  with  this  branch 
of  work  from  the  beginning.  Some  of 
those  who  are  close  to  the  census  of 
mines  assert  that  it  will  undoubtedly  be 
one  of  the  least  satisfactory  that  has 
been  taken,  and  this  statement  Is  made 
broadly  and  generally,  rather  than  with 
special  application  to  any  particular  class 
of  mining  operation.  It  is  stated  that  the 
fundamental  trouble  has  been  found  in 
tlie  character  of  the  schedule,  from  the 
failure  to  accept  the  views  of  experts  at 
the  time  it  was  originally  formulated. 
The  condition  thus  indicated  is  paralleled 
by  a  similar  condition  in  other  branches 
of  the  census  where  schedules  were  con- 
siderably altered  before  being  put  into 
use.  the  alterations  frequently  rendering 
the  returns  noncomparable  with  preceding 
returns  of  former  years,  or  making  the 
whole  inquiry  so  complex  as  to  render 
it  nearly  impossible  of  successful  com- 
pletion. 


1102 


THE   ENGINEERING   \ND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


Annual    Report  of  Shannon  Copper  Company 


The  report  of  the  Shannon  Copper 
Company  for  the  year  ended  Aug.  31. 
1910,  shows  an  attained  desideratum  of 
increased  receipts  and  decreased  ex- 
penses. For  the  year.  17,924,198  lb.  of 
fine  copper  were  sold,  116,281  oz.  sil- 
ver, and  1813  oz.  gold.  This  gives  an 
average  tenor  of  about  12.8  oz.  silver 
and  0.05  oz.  gold  per  ton  of  bullion. 

The  profits  for  the  year  are  given  as 
$190,487.  and  the  total  surplus  and  un- 
divided profits  are   given  on  the  balance 


tion,  a  conservative  policy  such  as  this 
can  only  be  commended.  The  dividends 
to  date   amount  to  S450,000. 

It  should  be  noted,  however,  that  the 
policy  of  conservativeness  is  not  carried 
out  to  the  e.xtent  of  writing  off  any  depre- 
ciation, at  least  as  far  as  can  be  deter- 
mined by  the  balance  sheet,  since  the  in- 
crease in  the  capital  accounts  for  mines 
and  smeltery  amounts  to  the  full  sum  re- 
ported in  construction  expenditure  for  the 
vear. 


only  be  about  S8000  additional  construc- 
tion expense,  for  new  ore  bins. 

Shannon-Arizona  Railway 

The  Shannon-Arizona  Railroad,  about 
10  miles  long  from  mines  to  smeltery, 
was  completed  in  February,  1910,  and 
earned  .S4718  after  paying  interest  on  its 
bonds.  It  is  hoped  to  develop  a  large  cus- 
tom tonnage  in  time,  although  the  main 
support  will  be  the  Shannon  company's 
own  ores. 


THh  Shannon  Smeltery  and  Townsite,  Clifton,  Arizona 


,*  m^f^-^t^mi^.. .. 


The  Top  oe  Shannon  Mountain.    The  Star  Indicates  Ore  Bins  and  Top  of  Incline 


sheet  as  $1,091,867,  which  is  3(5  per  cent. 
on  the  capitalization  of  .$3,000,000.  As 
no  dividends  have  been  paid  since  July, 
1907,  and  the  cash,  copper  on  hand  and 
accounts  receivable  amount  to  a  total  of 
only  $124,838,  with  accounts  payable 
amounting  to  $234,227,  it  is  evident  that 
the  expansion  of  operations  has  been  con- 
ducted with  the  earnings.  While  this  pol- 
icy is  rather  hard  on  the  stockholders  for 
a   time,   in   these   days  of  overcapitaliza- 


CosT  of  Copper  1 1.75  Cents 
The  cost  of  copper  during  the  last  fiscal 
year  was  11.16c.  per  lb.  at  Clifton,  and 
11.75c.  per  lb.  at  New  York.  Owing  to 
decrease  in  freight  rates,  and  improve- 
ments in  smeltery  and  concentrator  it  is 
hoped  materially  to  improve  these  figures 
and  indeed,  for  August  the  cost  was  only 
I0.49c.  and  for  September  10.15c.  per  lb. 
of  copper  delivered  at  New  York.  It  is 
hoped  that  during  the  next  year  there  will 


The  question  of  ore  reserves  is  treated 
in  a  rather  general  manner:  "It  is  safe 
to  state  that  at  present  we  have  more  ore 
available  than  we  have  ever  had  in  the 
mines."  Attention  is  called  to  the  fact 
that  the  ratio  of  smelting  ore  to  con- 
centrating is  constantly  increasing. 

Water  Supply 

Owing  to  the  exactions  of  the  Clifton 
Water    and    Improvement    Company,   the 


December  3,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1103 


Shannon  company  has  put  in  its  own  wa- 
ter plant  on  the  San  Francisco  river, 
which  leaves  the  cost  of  water  supply 
about  where  it  has  always  been.  The  next 
report  of  this  company  will  be  eagerly 
awaited,  as  the  effect  of  the  new  rail- 
road, lowered  freight  rates,  and  general 
improvements  will  be  seen  for  the  first 
time,  while  the  retirement  of  the  last 
of  the  Shannon  Copper  Company  bonds 
will  remove  a  steady  drain  on  the  cash 
accodnt. 


A  Tungsten   Deposit   in   Western 
Arizona 

Los  Angeles  Correspondence 


The  Tungsten  Mountain  property,  em- 
bracing a  group  of  14  claims,  is  situated 
in  the  Aquarius  mountains,  Mohave  coun- 
ty, Ariz.,  12  miles  by  a  difficult  trail  from 
Owens,  on  the  Big  Sandy  river.  Owens 
lies  50  miles  southwest  of  Kingman.  The 
property  may  be  reached  also  by  wagon 
road  from  Seligman,  on  the  Santa  Fe 
railroad,  but  the  trip  is  much  longer. 

The  country  rock  is  chiefly  granite,  and 
the  ore  occurs  in  fissure  veins  from  1 
to  3  ft.  wide,  some  of  which  are  traceable 
for  2000  or  3000  ft.  Present  develop- 
ment, in  which  no  great  depth  has  been 
attained,  shows  wolframite  occurring  in 
bands  between  quartz  and  disseminated 
in  the  vein  filling.  These  bands  attain 
a  maximum  width  of  2  in.  of  solid 
wolframite,  although  there  is  little  regu- 
larity to  them ;  in  places  the  vein  matter 
is  almost  barren. 

What  is  called  the  upper  vein  system 
consists  of  two  veins  dipping  into  the 
mountain  from  opposite  sides  at  about  45 
deg.  The        greatest        amount        of 

work  has  been  done  on  the  north- 
western side  of  this  mountain.  Here 
tunnel  No.  I  has  been  driven  75  ft.,  ex- 
posing a  vein  3  ft.  in  width.  In  places 
on  both  hanging-  and  foot-wall  the  ore 
shows  a  width  of  from  1  to  2  in.,  the 
vein  matter  between  carrying  ore  of  con- 
centrating grade.  Tunnel  No.  2,  about  50 
ft.,  shows  from  10  to  12  in.  of  milling  ore. 
Tunnel  No.  3,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
mountain,  has  been  driven  40  ft.,  but  is 
caved  part  of  the  way.  Stringers  of  ore 
show  here. 

To  the  north  a  vein  from  8  to  10  in. 
wide  strikes  east  and  west  and  stands  al- 
most vertically.  This  vein  has  been 
opened  in  places  by  shallow  shafts  and 
cuts  for  a  distance  of  about  3000  ft.,  ex- 
posing ore  of  a  milling  grade  Another 
':ut  high  above  the  level  of  Oak  creek, 
which  flows  along  the  base  of  the  moun- 
tain, shows  stringers  of  wolframite.  The 
Kvash  in  many  places  in  the  vicinity  shows 
1  small  percentage  of  tungsten  ore,  one 
iot  of  gravel  containing  1000  lb,  having 
yielding  50  lb.  of  concentrates. 

There  has  been  no  attempt  made  at 
ystematic       development.         Operations 


have  consisted  chiefly  in  extracting  the 
best  available  ore.  It  is  said  that  8  or 
10  tons  of  ore  has  been  shipped;  this 
was  sorted  and  carried  from  72  to  75 
per  cent,  tungsten  trioxide. 


Iron   Blooms  and  Billets 


Finished   Iron   and   Steel 

The  American  Iron  and  Steel  Associa- 
tion has  compiled  the  statistics  of  various 
forms  of  finished  iron  and  steel  in  1009, 
according  oo  the  usual  custom,  and  they 
are  now  published  in  detail. 

Nail   Plates 

The  make  of  nail  plates  in  the  United 
States  in  190S>  was  68,746  tons,  47.822 
tons  being  of  steel  and  15,924  of  iron. 
The  total  production  of  nail  plates  for 
three  years  has  been  52,027  tons  in 
1907;  45,747  in  1908,  and  68,746  in  1909. 
In  1909  nail  plates  were  rolled  in  13 
mills,  while  five  were  idle.  All  these 
plants  use  the  plates  made  by  them  in 
the  manufacture  of  cut  nails  or  spikes. 

Nails 

The  production  of  cut  nails  and  spikes 
in  1909  was  1,207,597  kegs  of  100  lb. 
each;  307,688  kegs  being  made  of  iron 


The  production  of  iron  blooms  and 
billets  in  1909,  either  from  pig  iron,  or 
from  pig  and  scrap,  was  56,365  long 
tons;  1666  tons  being  made  with  coal, 
and  54,699  tons  with  charcoal.  Of  the 
total,  46,772  tons  were  for  use  in  the 
makers'  mills  and  9593  tons  for  sale. 
The  production  has  not  been  increasing; 
there  were  94,999  tons  of  blooms  made 
in  1906;  84,623  in  1907;  55,973  in  1908, 
and   56,365   tons   last   year. 

Forges  for  the  manufacture  of  blooms 
and  billets  direct  from  iron  ore  have  not 
been  in  operation  in  the  United  States 
since  1901,  in  which  year  the  blooms  and 
billets  so  made  amounted  to  2310  gross 
tons,  against  4292  tons  in  1900  and  3142 
tons  in  1899,  all  made  in  New  York.  All 
the  Catalan  forges  in  the  United  States 
have   long  been   abandoned. 


Mineral  Production    of  Peru 

The  accompanying  table,  compiled  by 
Consul  General  Eduardo  Higginson, 
gives  in  metric  tons  and  kilograms  the 
mineral  output  of  Peru  from  1903  to 
1908,  inclusive. 


MINERAL  PKODUCTION  OF  PERU. 


Product. 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

Coal,  ton.s 

Ciuile  Oil,  ton.-i 

(lold.kK 

.■^ilviT.  ton.-^  .... 

36.920 

37.079 

1,078 

171 

9,497 

1 ,302 

17.637 
2,466 

59,920 

38,683 

601 

145 

9,504 

2.209 

'l8,.545 
2,675 

75,308 
49,700 

I9I 

12,213 

1,476 

12 

1 ,778 

1..554 

21.038 

1.954 

79.969 
70.832 

1 .247 

230 

13,474 

2. .569 

2.304 

20.226 

2,598 

1 .830 

92 

185,.565 

100,184 

778 

208 

20,681 

5„525 

48 

1,566 

21,592 

2,451 

1,880 

311,122 

125,948 

977 

Copper,  tons 

lA'-dil.  Ion.< 

Misimith,  Ions. . . 

Nickel,  kK 

tinick.siUer,  kg 

.'salt ,  tons .  . 

Borax,  Ions './..... 

^n\]}hnr.  Ions .'.[['. 

Antimony,  ton.s 

199 

19,854 

2,633 

9 

1 .822 

21,899 

2,870 

\anadic  .\cid,  tons 

and  899,909  of  steel.  This  includes  only 
nails  and  spikes  cut  from  plate,  and  not 
forged  spikes  or  horseshoe  nails.  There 
were  13  cut  nail  works  active  during  the 
year  and  nine  idle. 

The  production  of  wire  nails  in  1909 
v.as  13,725,053  kegs  of  100  lb.  each.  aU 
made  of  steel.  These  nails  were  made 
in  44  active  plants,  five  mills  being  idle 
throughout  the  year. 

The  production  of  riails  for  four  years 
past  has  been  as  follows,  In  kegs  of  100 
lb.  each: 


Cut  Nails. 

Wire  Nail.s, 

Kegs. 

Per  cent. 

Kegs. 

Per  cent. 

1900. . 
1907. . 
1908. 
1909.  . 

1.189.239 

1,109,138 

9,-|ti,l,S2 

1,207,597 

9.4 
8.7 
8.2 
8.1 

11.486,647 
11,731,011 
10.662.972 
13.725.053 

90.6 
91.3 
91.8 
91,9 

The  totals  of  all  kinds  were  12.675,886 
kegs  in  1906;  12,840,182  in  1907;  11.- 
619,154  in  1908,  and  14,932,650  kegs  in 
1909.  Exports  in  1909  were  22,256,458 
lb.  cut  nails  and  68,668,654  lb,  wire 
nails. 


The  commercial  value  of  the  mineral 
output  is  as  follows  for  the  year  1908: 
Coal.  £140,784;  crude  oil,  £326,547;  gold, 
£133,036;  silver.  £651,191;  copper, 
£1,023.631;  lead.  £20.203-  bismuth. 
£1908;  quicksilver,  £491;  salt,  £21,899; 
borax,  £26,400;  antimony,  £151;  vanad- 
ium ore,  £72,000;  total,  £2,418,241.  It 
will  be  seen  from  these  figures  that  the 
value  of  the  copper  production  of  Peru 
is  almost  one-half  that  of  the  total  min- 
eral output.  The  copper  tonnage  has  in- 
creased from  9497  metric  tons  in  1903  to 
19,8,54  tons  in  1908,  The  copper  and 
silver  combined  comprise  over  two-thirds 
the  value  of  the  total  mineral  product  of 
the  country.  Crude  oil  occupies  a  third 
position,  while  gold  ranks  fourth.  It  is 
only  in  recent  years  that  any  sulphur 
has  been  produced  in  Peru,  and  within 
the  last  three  years  antimony  and  van- 
adium have  been  recognized  as  commer- 
cial   products. 


The  Cananea  Consolidated  company 
will  use  California  fuel  oil  instead  of 
Texas  oil.  The  daily  consumption, 
which  is  about  800  bbl..  will  be  increased. 


1104 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


Telluride  Ore  in  Canada 

Special  Correspondence 


A  discovery  of  importance  in  the  new 
goldfields  of  Quebec  and  Ontario,  north 
of  Lake  Temisliaming,  is  announced  by 
the  Department  of  Mines  of  Quebec.  In 
the  course  of  a  brief  examination  for  the 
department  of  the  Opasatica  field,  Robert 
Harvie  observed  that  in  many  cases  the 
free  gold  was  associated  with  a  steel- 
gray  mineral  of  high  metallic  luster. 
Analysis  has  shown  the  mineral  to  be 
sylvanite,  a  telluride  of  gold  and  silvrir. 
This  is  the  first  instance  of  a  telluride 
being  found  in  Canada  east  of  British 
Columbia. 

The  few  descriptions  available  show 
that  the  geology  of  the  newer  fields  at 
Larder  lake  and  Porcupine  are  similar  to 
that  of  Opasatica,  and  it  is  possible  that 
tellurides  will  be  found  at  these  places 
also.  In  fact,  in  several  articles  on  the 
Porcupine  district  mention  is  made  of 
seemingly  lean  veins  giving  high  assays, 
which  may  well  be  due  to  the  presence 
of  tellurides.  The  prospectors  have  here- 
tofore been  content  to  judge  the  value  of 
an  ore  largely  by  the  presence  or  lack  of 
visible  gold,  but  fire  assays  will  now  be 
absolutely  necessary;  further,  the  neces- 
sity for  the  treatment  of  telluride  ores 
will   have  to  be  kept  in  mind. 


Huasteca    Petroleum    and    Waters- 
Pierce  Oil  Contract 

Los  Angeles  Correspondence 


The     Huasteca     Petroleum     Company, 
controlled    by    the    Mexican    Petroleum 
Company,    Ltd.,   of    Delaware,    operating 
south   of  Tampico,  Mexico,  entered  into 
a  contract  on  Oct.    11    with  the  Waters- 
Pierce   Oil   Company,  whereby   it   agrees 
to   furnish   to  the   latter  company   2,500,- 
000  bbl.  of  oil  within  the  next  five  years, 
the  price  to  be  92'jC.  per  bbl.     By  the 
terms  of  the  contract  the  Huasteca  com- 
pany will  be  allowed  to  deliver  the  first 
million  barrels  as  fast  as  it  chooses;  after 
that  it  must  deliver  at  least  one-half  the 
capacity   of  the   Waters-Pierce   refineries 
at   Tampico.     The    outside   limit    for   the 
delivery  of  the  first  million  barrels  is  one 
year,  on  which   the  Waters-Pierce  com- 
pany has  made  a  prepayment  of  $500.- 
000.     From  the  date  of  the  contract,  Oct. 
11,  up  to  the  end  of  that  month,  150,000 
bbl.    had   been    delivered,    and    deliveries 
are  now  being  made  at  the  rate  of  6000 
bbl.  per  day.     The  contract  provides  that 
if  the  Waters-Pierce  company  cannot  take 
the  oil  as  fast  as  it  can  be  delivered,  the 
Huasteca    company    will    be    allowed    to 
store  the  product  in  its  tanks,  charging 
for  storage  1c.  per  bbl.  per  month. 


will  not  be  practicable  unless  a  mill  is 
built  at  the  portal  to  handle  the  ore. 

Voluntary  subscriptions  provided  the 
funds  needed  in  the  construction  of  this 
tunnel.  The  Cripple  ( ,reek  Drainage  and 
Tunnel  Company  was  organized  in  Aug- 
ust, 1906,  under  the  laws  of  Colorado 
and  was  authorized  to  issue  1,000,000 
shares,  par  value,  $1.  The  accompany- 
ing table  shows  the  list  of  companies  who 
contributed  to  the  construction  of  this 
tunnel.  The  work  on  the  tunnel  began 
in  May,  1907,  and  most  of  its  was  done 
under  contract  by  A.  E.  Carlton. 


Mineral  Output  of  Ontario 


Well  No.  7  of  the  Huasteca  company, 
brought  in  during  September,  has  been 
flowing  from  20,000  to  30,000  bbl.  per 
day.  All  attempts  to  shut  off  the  flow 
have  so  far  resulted  in  failure.  The  pres- 
sure gage  now  reads  300  lb.  per  sq.in. 
At  350  to  400  lb.  the  oil  comes  up  around 
the  casing  and  seep  holes.  The  attempt 
will  be  made  to  shut  in  this  well  at  575 
lb.  pressure,  the  same  as  that  of  well 
No.  6,  one-half  mile  toward  the  south. 

The  company's  pipe  line  to  Tampico 
has  a  capacity  of  26,400  bbl.  per  day. 
The  supply  of  oil  has  filled  all  of  the 
storage  capacity  at  Tampico  in  addition 
to  three  tanks  (55,000  bbl.  each)  of  the 
Waters-Pierce  company.  Additional  stor- 
age  capacity   is   being   completed   at   the  

rate    of   one    large    steel    tank    every    10  xhe    output    of   the    metal    mines    and 

days;  ground  is  being  broken  for  two  works,  of  Ontario,  for  the  nine  months 
reservoirs  of  reinforced  concrete  to  have  ended  Sept.  30,  1910,  is  given  by  the  On- 
a  capacity  of  500,000  bbl.  each.  On  the  jario  Bureau  of  Mines,  as  follows:  Gold, 
completion  of  this  work  the  company  will  5390  oz.;  silver,  19,791,033  oz.;  cobalt 
have  a  storage  capacity  of  1,500,000  bbl.  (pajj  fo^j^  275  tons;  copper,  7168  tons; 
The  .Mexican  Central  Railroad  is  taking  nickel,  13,905  tons;  iron  ore,  120,358 
12,000  bbl.  per  day  at  Tampico.  ,01,5.  iron  pyrites,  16,454  tons;  pig  iron, 

319,698  tons;  zinc  ore,  700  tons. 

Completion   of  the  Roosevelt  Deep         Shipments    from    silver    mines    aggre- 
p.     .  T  1  sated  23,824  tons,  of  which   19,121   tons 

L»ramage    1  unnel  ^^^^^  ^^.^   ^^^  47Q3  ,^^18  concentrates,  the 

.         „  ~    „  ,    J     .  former  averaging  768  oz.  per  ton  and  the 

The  completion  of  the  Roosevelt  dram-  ^^^^^^   gg^   ^^       Cowganda    contributed 

age     tunnel     to     the     El     Paso     shaft  ^^^  ,ons  of  ore.  Elk  Lake  17  tons.  South 

at    Cripple    Creek,    Colo.,    is    regarded  ^^^^^.^   ^.^^      ^^^^^   ^^^  ^  ^^^„  p^^. 

as     the     most     important     development  ^^^^.^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^.^^^  jj^j^ict, 

of      the      vear      in      Colorado      mining.       ,  •   j       u  : f,„„   n^u„u      The 

^            .    ■                ,           ,^,        ,„      -,-u  the  remainder  being  from  Cobalt,      ine 

Connection  was  made  on  Nov.    18.     The  ,       .         „        ...      „.^o„^r,^;r,<T    nmo 

„     .  .               ,                        .         ,  production    for    the    corresponding    nine 

cost    of    this    tunnel    was    approximately  ..        o  ,nnr,  ,.,^c  laT^^i  ^aq  nunrp^ 

cizAnnnn     -ru    .         i      -.u  ■.    c    .v.  months  of  1909  was  18,751 ,549  ounccs. 

$540,000.    The  tunnel  with  Its  further  ex-  „  ,,         .     ,.        ,       „ ■.„„,.^^^a  tu^ 

'  Gold  production  shows  an  increase,  tne 

CONTRlBUTOns     TO     THE     ROOSKVEI-T     greater    proportion    of   the    output    being 

DRAINAGE    TUNNEL.  ^.^^^   Porcupine.     The  value  of  the  gold 

p.,^r'-..        ,.,  .  H  *^,T'"*:  produced  during  the  first  nine  months  of 

El  I',aso  Consolidated $l:!:i. :'.:;:;  '^  „„„      ^,        .  ,    ,       ^     ,.  u 

Mary    MoKinni-y so.diiii  1909  was  518,926.    The  nickel  output  has 

Elkton   Consolidated sit.ooo  .  j    u      c«  ^^^  /,ar,t     nnA   nnnnt^r  hv 

I'oitland    .'i.'f.sss  increased  by  56  per  cent,  ana  copper  oy 

Golden  Cycle HS^iis.!  28  per  cent.    The  pig-iron  output  is  also 

(iranite    (lold :;o,l)(io  ^  '^  ° 

Vindicator  Con.soiidated lid.iiiid     substantially  larger. 

U.   S.  Reduction  and  Refining Kl.fitlT 

Colorado  Springs  &  Cripple  Creek  Rv.      ir>.r,(>T 

Midland    Terminal    Railway)  ^^^ ^^^_     \^el-,b    City    Smelting    and  Manu- 

Florence  &  Cripple  Creek  Ry.  j  '  r  ■  /-^ 

Strong  Gold i.i..-.iiii  lacturmg    L;ompany 

Work    .Mining "..(HMi  =                  » 

C.  K.  &  N.  .Vlining ^>.»i"i                                          

Eagle    Ore.,     .... (!.<i'i7  j^g  new  lead  smeltery   at  Webb  City, 

(;oId   Dollar  Consolidated i,:iiMi  ' 

Old  (;oid  Mines -'''"<  Mo.,  is  expected  to  be   ready   for  opera- 

};'old"'sovereign'.W.'.'.'.'.W.'.: ! ! ! '. ! !  i"       liiino     tion  in  December.     The  plant  has  storage 

iNinu'FNDKNT   coxTiaBUTOKS.  blos   for  3000  tons  of  ore,  six   "jumbo" 

stratton's  Cripple  Creek nujoo     hearth-fumaces,  in  a  building  80x28  ft., 

Copeland    Sampling J..1IM1  _  .      ,       ,.  ,      . 

Colorado  Springs  Clearing  House .-i.(Mii)     arranged  in  a  Single   line,  each   turnace 

F;rs[''::!;;,w^^;ri-anu.";"lppl?''cr^°;      f!X     having  an  estimated  capacity  for  14  tons 

nn-'nani-'of  victoi-: ::::::::;:::::    l;;"-   "f  °^«  p"  -^  ^ours,  and  two  blast  fur- 

Cripple   Creek   State   Hank l.odli      naces. 

cresson  Consolidated .^^Mmo  ^^^     hearth-furnaces     discharge   their 

Total   ,i!.5-fn,oi".7  snioke  into  a  tower  40  ft.  high,  whence  it 

tensions  is  expected  to  drain  the  mines  goes  to  23  "goosenecks,"  each  25  ft.  high, 
of  the  district  to  a  depth  of  730  having  a  total  length  of  1 150  ft.,  and  de- 
ft, below  the  present  water  level,  livering  to  the  baghouse. 
The  total  length  of  the  tunnel  is  approx-  The  baghouse  is  50x72  ft.,  40  ft.  high, 
imately  three  miles.  The  rock  (Pike's  comprising  five  rooms,  each  10  ft.  wide. 
Peak  granite)  is  so  solid  that  except  for  The  baghouse  contains  a  total  of  720 
a  short  distance  near  the  portal  no  tim-  bags. 

bering  has  been  required.     The  size  of  The  capacity  of  the  plant  is  estimated 

the  tunnel  will  permit  its  use   for  trans-  at   .500   tons   of   ore   per   week.     Its  cost 

portation   with   a   double   track,  hut   this  has  been  about  $60,000. 


Decemb&r  3,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1105 


Minas  Pedrazzini  Operations  near  Arizpe,  Sonora 

High-grade  Silver  Ore  in  Rhyolite.     Mine  Produces  Noteworthy  Speci- 
mens of  Stephanite  and  Polybasite,  the  Result  of  Secondary  Enrichment 


BY      EDWARD      L.      DUFOURCQ 


* 


The  geology  and  operation  of  Las 
Chispas  mine,  the  principal  property  of 
the  Minas  Pedrazzini  Gold  and  Silver 
Mining  Company,  near  Arizpe,  Sonora, 
Mexico,  was  described  briefly  in  the 
Journal,  Nov.  21,  1908,  by  B.  E.  Rus- 
sell. A  more  intimate  knowledge  of  the  con- 
ditions in  the  mines  as  exposed  in  the 
Chispas  workings,  as  well  as  in  the  Wil- 
liam Tell  workings,  throws  further  light 
on  the  geology  of  the  Chispas  and  Wil- 
liam Tell  veins.  The  latter  vein  outcrops 
about  300  ft.  west  of  the  Chispas  vein 
and  is  nearly  parallel  to  its  strike,  but 
as  its  dip  is  flatter,  it  is  distant  about  400 
ft.  from  the  Chispas  vein  on  the  600- 
ft.  level.  Both  veins  are  tapped  by  the 
San  Gotardo  adit  which  connects  with 
the  Locarno,  Chispas,  San  Luis  and  La 
Central  workings  on  the  600- ft.  level. 
These  workings  are  all  on  different  ore- 
shoots  of  the  Chispas  vein,  which  is 
jpened  more  than  3000  ft.  on  the  San 
jotardo  level. 

I  Country  Rock  Is  Rhyolite 

The  country  rock  as  exposed  in  most 

f  the  workings  of  the  Chispas  and  Wil- 

am  Tell  veins  is  rhyolite,  which  in  many 

laces  is  brecciated,  the  fragments  varv- 

ig  from  a  fraction  of  an  inch  up  to  one 

ich    or   more    in    length.      The    ryholite 

■here    brecciated    is   again   cemented    by 

econdary  silica  and  close  to  the  vein  there 

re  occasional  fragments  of  volcanic  tuff, 

hich  are  included  between  fragments  of 

ic    rhyolite.      The    rhyolite.    both    in    its 

riginal  and  brecciated   form,  lies  in  two 

5ds,    so    far    as    has    been    discovered, 

hich  vary  in  thickness  from  300  to  400 

These  beds  dip  slightly  to  the  south 

the  northern  part  of  the  mine  and  rise 

;ain  in   the  southern  part  of  the  mine, 

here  the  dip  of  the  bed   is  toward   the 

irth.     Between  the  two  beds  of  rhyolite 

a  bed  of  volcanic  tuff,  which  has  been 

tared   by   secondary   silica.      Above   the 

)per   bed   of   rhyolite,    which    has   been 

iich  more  brecciated  than  the  lower  bed, 

i^re  is  a  layer  of  a  similar  volcanic  tuff, 

lile  close  to  the  surface  the   volcanic 

ff  and    the    rhyolite    lie    in   contorted 

isses  rather  than  in  any  well  defined 

ds. 

'    Chispas  Vein  in  Fault  Fissure 

The   line   of   the    fissure    forming   the 

^pas  vein,  marks  the  occurrence  of  a 

It    vertical    fault,    in    which    the   east 

'  il  of  the  vein  has  moved  up  18  to  20  ft. 

J^fonsiillInK     ont'lnwr.     Produce     Exoliancp 
flldlnc    Now   Yoili. 


with  reference  to  the  position  of  the 
rocks  in  the  west  wall.  There  are  a  num- 
ber of  cross  fissures  running  northeast 
and  southwest,  while  the  main  fissure 
runs  from  northwest  to  southeast.  There 
has  been  no  faulting  along  the  line»of  the 
cross  fissures. 

The  movement  along  the  William  Teil 
vein  has  been  more  extensive  and  the 
hanging-wall  of  that  vein  is  more  dis- 
tinctly marked  than  either  wall  of  the 
Chispas  vein  and  in  many  places  shows 
all  the  characteristics  of  a  well  defined 
fault.  The  filling  in  the  Chispas  vein  is 
quartz,  which  in  some  places  includes 
fragments  of  the  rhyolite,  and  below  the 
200-ft.  level,  the  mineralization  consists 
of  pyrite,  polybasite,  stephanite,  argen- 
tite  and  occasional  chalcopyrite  in  small 
quantities.  No  galena  or  blende  has  been 
found  in  the  vein. 

Stephanite  and  Polybasite  Specimens 

The  stephanite  and  polybasite  carry  a 
smaller  proportion  of  gold  than  the  ar- 
gentite.  Some  native  gold  has  been 
found  in  the  upper  level,  where  the  ar- 
gentite  has  been  changed  to  cerargyrite. 
The  crystalline  specimens  of  the  silver 
minerals  are  especially  noteworthy  in  this 
vein.  What  is  probably  the  largest  single 
specimen  of  stephanite  in  the  world  was 
presented  by  Mr.  Pedrazzini  to  the  Eg- 
leston  collection  at  the  Columbia  School 
of  Mines,  where  there  are  also  to  be 
found  a  number  of  other  specimens  of 
polybasite  and  stephanite,  as  well  as  a 
remarkable  specimen  representing  the 
transition  of  an  argentite  crystal  into 
cerargyrite  and  a  fine  specimen  of  em- 
bolite.  The  American  Museum  of  Nat- 
ural History  in  New  York  has  also,  from 
this  mine,  what  is  probably  the  largest 
mass  of  polybasite  crystals  ever  taken 
out  in  one  piece.  This  originally  weighed 
over  6.S  lb.,  but  was  broken  into  two  parts 
during  the  time  that  it  was  ia  transit 
from  Sonora  to.  New  York. 

Secondary  Enrichment  Evidewt 

The  formation  of  such  large  crystals 
and  masses  of  the  sulphides  and  an- 
timonides  of  silver  undoubtedly  origin- 
ated in  a  secondary  mineralization. 
The  occurrence  has  continued  from  about 
the  200-ft.  level,  where  the  chlorides  be- 
gin to  be  replaced  by  sulphides,  down  to 
a  depth  of  900  ft.  below  the  outcrop, 
which  corresponds  to  a  depth  of  about 
600  ft.  below  the  point  where  water  first 
began  to  be  found  in  quantity. 

There  are  horizontal  zones  in  the  sul- 


phide orebodies  which  are  entirely 
leached,  the  fissures  being  quite  open  and 
2  to  3  ft.  in  width,  with  a  series  of  vugs 
extending  across  it.  These  are  lined  with 
barren  quartz  only,  which  in  places  as- 
says 6  to  7  oz.  of  silver  with  only  a  trace 
of  gold.  Immediately  above  and  below 
these  zones,  rich  deposits  of  the  sulph- 
antimonides  have  been  found,  so  that  it 
is  difficult  to  form  an  opinion  as  to  whether 
the  original  contents  were  leached  from 
the  now  barren  zone  and  redeposited  at 
a  higher  level,  or  at  a  lower  level. 

In  either  case,  there  must  have  been 
sudden  changes  in  the  water  level  of  the 
mineral-bearing  solution,  because  the  line 
of  demarcation  between  the  comparative- 
ly barren  vein  filling  and  the  rich  ore  is 
sharply  drawn.  Some  idea  of  the  rapid- 
ity of  these  changes  may  be  had  from 
a  particular  stope  which  I  have  in  mind, 
v/here  after  raising  50  ft.  with  an  average 
width  of  vein  of  2'/>  ft.,  not  assaying 
over  1 1  oz.  of  silver,  the  raise  suddenly 
came  into  5  ft.  of  ore  averaging  2000  oz. 
per  ton  across  the  entire  face.  Two 
hundred  feet  to  the  southeast  of  the  stope 
in  question,  there  is  a  working  on  the 
same  vein  which  averaged  but  a  compar- 
atively few  ounces  across  a  4-£t.  vein. 
However,  at  a  depth  of  35  ft.  the  vein 
widened  to  7  ft.,  in  which  there  was  a 
center  band,  8  in.  thick,  composed  almost 
entirely  of  pyrargyrite.  On  each  side 
was  a  rib  of  quartz,  outside  of  which 
were  streaks  of  two  to  three  inches  of 
argentite  mixed  with  quartz,  which,  in  the 
open  vugs,  was  highly  crystallized. 

Influence  of  Wall  Rocks 

An  examination  of  the  wall  rocks  had 
been  carefully  made  to  determine  wheth- 
er these  changes  of  mineralization  at  dif- 
ferent levels  could  have  been  due  to  dif- 
ferences in  the  wall  rock.  At  first  it 
seemed  almost  certain  that  the  precious 
metals  were  much  lower,  or,  in  fact,  al- 
most entirely  absent,  where  the  vein 
passed  into  the  layers  of  volcanic  tuff, 
since  almost  all  the  bonanza  ore  had 
been   discovered    in   the   rhyolite   breccia. 

Further  development  of  the  mine  has 
shown  that  in  some  cases  rich  ore  has 
been  found  in  the  same  fissures,  but  well 
within  the  limits  of  the  beds  of  volcanic 
Juff.  For  several  years  the  best  ore  was 
found  in  the  brecciated  rhyolite  and  t'  e 
orebodies  were  narrower  and  of  much 
lower  grade  where  the  rhyolite  was  solid. 
Within  the  last  few  months  there  has 
been  developed  a  body  of  high-grade  ore 
at  a  most  unexpected  place  in  solid  rhyo- 


1106 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


lite,  away  from  both  the  brecciated  zone 
and  the  volcanic  tuff. 

Deposits  Due  to  Ascending  Solutions 

It  is  my  opinion  that  the  silver  min- 
erals were  deposited  by  rising  solutions 
and  that  the  variation  in  the  amount  of 
sulphides  deposited,  compared  to  the 
amount  of  silica,  has  been  due  to  the 
varying  conditions  of  pressure  and  the 
rapidity  with  which  the  solutions  were 
able  to  rise.  In  general  the  bed  of  al- 
tered volcanic  tuff,  being  a  tougher  and 
closer-grained  rock  than  the  rhyolite,  has 
only  fissured  to  a  small  extent  and  the 
walls  of  the  fissures  in  no  case  fell  so 
far  apart  as  they  did  where  the  fissures 
cross  the  rhyolite.  The  rhyolite,  being  a 
more  friable  rock,  appears  to  have  broken 
up  readily,  resulting  in  larger  fissures, 
where  more  silica  and  sulphides  could 
be  deposited  than  in  the  narrow  fissures 
in  the  close  grained  volcanic  tuff. 

There  is  one  place  in  the  mine  where 
the  vein  is  crossed  at  a  slight  angle  by  a 
narrow,  almost  vertical,  dike.  The  silver- 
bearing  minerals  at  several  levels  con- 
tinue right  up  to  the  point  of  intersec- 
tion of  the  dike  and  the  vein,  but  do  not 
continue  along  the  sides  of  the  dike 
where  the  wall  of  the  vein  is  almost  co- 
incident w^ith  the  edge  of  the  dike.  The 
n'ineralization  again  takes  place  only  at 
a  little  distance  from  the  other  side  of 
the  dike.  It  would,  therefore,  appear  that 
the  dike  was  of  later  occurrence  than  the 
formation  of  the  vein  and  that  the  min- 
eral solutions  themselves  bore  no  rela- 
tion to  the  dike. 

Recent  Developments 

The  present  development  at  100  to  300 
ft.  below  the  adit  level  (700  to  900  ft. 
below  the  outcrop)  will,  before  long, 
throw  more  light  upon  the  mineral  oc- 
currences. The  lowest  of  the  recent  ex- 
ploration work  has  again  opened  a  brec- 
ciated rhyolite.  The  development  work 
100  ft.  below  the  adit  level  has  shown 
a  peculiar  mixture  of  minerals  in  a  vein 
about  2^  ft.  wide,  of  which  about  10  in. 
constitutes  a  streak  of  high-grade  ore  car- 
rying both  native  silver  and  argentite. 
Next  to  the  argentite  is  a  well  defined 
streak  of  solid  red  hematite  which  car- 
ries as  high  as  1500  oz.  silver  per  ton,  as 
argentite.  The  peculiarity  of  this  occur- 
rence is  the  finding  of  oxide  of  iron  at 
such  a  depth  below  the  original  water 
level  of  the  mine. 

Since  Mr.  Russell's  article  reviewed 
only  the  work  that  had  been  done  at  the 
mine  during  the  first  year  after  the  incor- 
poration of  the  Minas  Pedrazzini  Com- 
pany (February,  1907,  to  February,  1908), 
it  may  be  interesting  to  refer  to  the  ac- 
companying table  which  compares  three 
years'  work. 

Plans  to  Work  Low-grade  Ore 

The  variation  of  output  of  first-class  or 
shipping  ore  is  one  of  the  disadvantage"^ 


in  the  operation  of  "bonanza'"  mines.  It 
has,  therefore,  been  the  aim  of  the  man- 
agement to  open  as  rapidly  as  possible 
the  mineralized  zones  which  can  produce 
steady  quantities  of  lower-grade  milling 
ore  and  in  this  way  operate  the  mine  and 
mill  on  a  profitable  basis,  independently 
of  the  discovery  of  bonanzas.  In  order  to 
carry  out  this  general  scheme  it  -was 
found  necessary,  during  the  last  two 
years,  to  double  the  capacity  of  the  mill 
which  has  now  been  increased  to  20 
stamps  and  while  the  new  stamps  were 
being  added,  the  battery  blocks  of  the 
original  10  stamps  were  changed  from 
wood  to  concrete,  so  that  the  entire  mill 
is  now  on  a  concrete  foundation.  The 
mill  engine  has  been  replaced  by  a  130- 
h.p.  engine.  The  pan  and  settler  ca- 
pacity has  been  increased,  although  it  is 
probable  that  pan  amalgamation  will  be 
superseded  by  cyaniding. 

Aerial  Tramway 

Since  the  description  of  this  mine  pub- 
lished in  the  Journal  in  1908,  the  aerial 
tramwav.  at  that  time  under  consideration. 


tonnage  that  will  be  treated,  the  JS-mile 
surface  tramway,  from  the  second-class 
stock  pile  to  the  mill,  has  been  relaid 
with  heavier  rails  and  the  gage  changed 
to  24  inches.  The  16-cu.ft.  mine  cars, 
formerly  used,  have  been  replaced  by  30- 
cu.ft.  gable-bottom  cars,  which  will  be 
hauled  in  trains  of  six  by  a  gasolene  loco- 
motive. It  is  expected  that  not  less  than 
1200  tons  per  month  will  be  milled  and 
if  the  directors  of  the  company  decide  on 
the  immediate  installation  of  a  cyanide 
plant,  it  is  hoped  to  have  same  in  opera- 
tion by  the  spring  of  1911.  This  cyanide 
plant  will  have  to  be  designed  not  only 
of  sufficient  capacity  to  take  care  of  the 
current  tonnage  of  slimes  and  tailings, 
tut  also  will  have  to  treat  a  certain  pro- 
portion each  day  of  the  accumulated 
slimes  and  tailings  which  are  at  the  San 
Gotardo  mill  and  which  probably  amount 
to  about  12,000  tons. 

It  is  probable  that  from  the  develop- 
ment of  the  William  Tell  and  Chispas 
veins  only,  the  output  of  the  Minas  Pe- 
drazzini company  in  the  year  1911  will  be 
not  less  than   1,500,000  oz.  of  silver  and 


THREE  YE.\RS'  WORK   AT  I.AS  CHISPAS  MINE. 


For  \  ear  Ended 

Feb.  1,  1908. 

Feb.  1,  1909. 

Feb.  1,1910. 

Mine: 

Development  work,  feet-                                           

First-class  ore,  tons - 

Second-class  ore,  tons. . . 
Mill: 

Ore  milled,  tons 

Concentrate  produced,  tons 

Production  of  gold,  ounces.    . 

Production  of  silver,  ounces 

3,433 

928 

4,232 

3.286 

179 

4,876 

6.56,882 

4,170 

S27 

4,648 

3,064 

191 

4,189 

573,448 

4,306 

70S 

4,709 

3,540 

186 

3,645 

484,746 

has  been  installed.  It  is  a  double-rope 
Bleichert  tram  with  a  capacity  of  8  tons 
per  hour.  This  tramway  brings  down  the 
oak  fuel  from  a  mountain  range  about 
2400  ft.  higher  than  the  mine  and  its 
length  is  slightly  over  four  miles.  At  the 
same  time  that  fuel  is  being  brought 
down  from  the  mountain,  the  tramway 
has  a  capacity  of  raking  up  about  one  ton 
per  hour  of  sacked  ore  or  concentrates, 
which  by  being  delivered  at  the  upper 
terminal  of  the  tramway,  can  be  trans- 
ported to  the  Nacozari  railroad  with  a 
haul  of  about  50  miles,  as  against  being 
shipped  to  the  west  from  the  Chispas 
camp,  a  distance  of  75  or  80  miles  to  the 
Sonora  railroad. 

Recent  Improvements 

The  mining  plant  has  been  much  im- 
proved in  the  last  two  years,  a  new  com- 
pressor having  been  installed  as  well  as 
a  larger  boiler  plant,  machine  shop  and 
ice  plant.  The  electric-light  plant  has 
also  been  increased.  The  question  of  wa- 
ter supply  for  the  enlarged  mill  and  also 
for  the  larger  boiler  plants  was  solved 
by  putting  in  a  compound  pump  at  the 
Sonora  river  and  pumping  through  a  pipe 
line  about  13.000  ft.  in  length  with  a 
rise  of  about  670  ft.  from  the  river  to  the 
mill  reservoirs.     On  account  of  the  larger 


12,000  to   13,000  oz.  of  gold  with  a  pos- 
sibility of  these  figures  being  surpassed  | 
if  the  cyanide  plant  is  installed. 


Iron  Ore   Production  in  Missouri 

According  to  Red  Book  figures,  com- 
piled by  Supervising  Statistician  A.  T. 
Edmonston,  the  ainount  of  Missouri  iron 
ore  marketed  in  1909  was  131,827  tons 
valued  at  5278,182.  The  price  per  toi 
ranged  from  SI. 50  to  S3.  The  larger  pan 
of  this  ore  is  from  the  following  counties 
each  of  which  produced  more  than  10,00i 
tons:  Crawford,  Dent,  Franklin,  Howell 
Phelps  and  St.  Francois.  The  shipment,- 
for  1908  were  98.414  tons. 

Years  ago  the  State  ranked  high  in  thi: 
commodity.  Iron  mountain,  in  St.  Fran- 
cois county,  was  then  one  of  the  chiei' 
sources  of  supply.  When  iron  ore  begat 
to  depreciate  in  value  the  mines  of  llif 
State  shut  down.  Three  years  ago  wort 
on  the  deposits  in  and  around  Iron  moun 
tain,  was  resumed  and  since  then  ship 
nients  have  been  increasing. 


.Alfred  Brun  reports  that  some  lava: 
from  Krakatoa  contain  one-half  their  vn! 
ume  of  occluded  gas,  of  which  about  hal 
is  chlorine,  hydrochloric  acid  and  sul 
phur-monochloride. 


December  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINF.FRI.NG    AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1107 


rhe  Buddie  as  a  Concentrator  of  Copper  Slimes 


BY  CLAUDE  T.  RICE 


To  t.'ie  older  millmen  the  buddle  is  well 
lown,  but  among  the  younger  men  it  is 
nerally  considered  as  one  of  the  obso- 
te  concentrating  machines  to  be  found 
ily  in  textbooks  of  the  art.  In  a  great 
easure  this  is  crue,  for  the  buddle  has 
rnost  disappeared  from  use  in  modern 
Ming  plants,  although  it  is  by  no  means 
rtain  that  the  many  patented  devices 
r  the  treatment  of  slimes  are  any  more 
icient  than  the  buddle,  the  first  slimc- 
I'ing  device  which  forced  itself  into 
jminence. 

The  disrepute  of  the  buddle  came  from 
!■  fact  that  the  early  millmen  did  not 
[derstand  its  true  nature  and  tried  ro 
I;  it  for  treating  sands  as  well  as 
ines.  The  buddle  is  not  adapted  to 
(  treatment  of  the  coarse  feed,  and 
rrefore  soon  fell  into  disrepute;  in  fact 
I'  las   become   considered    an    indication 


by  two  strong  lines  of  faulting,  which 
became  when  they  were  mineralized,  re- 
spectively, foot-  and  hanging-wall  veins. 
In  the  shattered  mass  of  quartzite  be- 
tween the  two  veins  are  many  hair  lines 
representing  false  cleavages  induced  by 
the  tremendous  pressure  to  which  the 
rock  was  subjected.  The  mineral-bearing 
solutions  had  no  solvent  action  upon  the 
quartzite,  as  upon  the  porphyry,  so  the 
copper  minerals  were  precipitated  only 
in  the  open  spaces  already  existing  in 
the  rock;  in  plates  of  some  thickness 
along  the  planes  of  brecciation,  and  as 
mere  films  along  the  hair-like  lines  of 
the    false   cleavage. 

When  the  quartzite  is  crushed,  the 
chalcocite  plates  shatter  badly,  yet  most 
of  the  chalcocite  remains  coarse  enough 
so  that  it  can  be  concentrated  upon  Wil- 
fley  tables.     The  films  of  chalcocite  along 


Blllhi   .m   mil  ijiiiu  Cu1'I'i;r  Mill,  Lakk.  Utah 


of   ossilhood"  in  the  millman  to  use  s 
''U'  le. 

'e  work  at  the  Ohio  Copper  mill,  at 

'  »    Utah,  during  the  eight  months  that 

ill  has  been  in  operation,  has  indi- 

»hat    there    are    great    possibilities 

I'lr  le  buddle.     This  installation  at  the 

*"  Copper  mill  is  at  present,  I  believe, 

I  the  few  large  installations  of  bud- 

n    the    United    States.      There    the 

Is    being    tested    out    in    such    a 

!;h  manner  that   the    real   possibi! 

I   its  use   are   being   demonstrated. 

HEATED    AT    THE    OhIO    MiLL    MAKK-; 

Slimes 

T^    Ohio  ore  is  a  mineralization  of  a 

pure    quartzite    which    has    been 

>  shattered  and  broken  up,  probably 

1'  neighboring  intrusion  of  monzon- 

he  zone  of   shattering   is   bounded 


the  lines  of  false  cleavage  scale  off  dur- 
ing crushing  and  form  impalpable  slimes. 
It  is  the  portion  of  the  pulp  that  con- 
tains these  slimes  that  is  treated  as  suc- 
cessfully upon  the  buddies,  as  upon  any 
of  the  concentrating  machines  tried. 

Results  with  Buddle  as  Good  as  vcith 

ISBELL   VANNER 

The  buddle  effects  a  saving  of  about 
20  per  cent,  of  the  copper  in  the  heads, 
and  while  this  may  seem  a  low  recovery 
to  those  who  have  not  carefully  studied 
slime  concentration,  nevertheless  it  is  as 
good  as  most  plants  are  doing  upon  this 
character  of  pulp.  The  buddle  has  al- 
ready been  thoroughly  tried  out  in  the 
treatment  of  this  pulp  against  the  Isbell 
vanner,  and  it  has  been  found  to  do  fully 
as    good    work    as    that    machine,    while 


both  its  first  cost  and  the  cost  of  its  up- 
keep and  operation  are  far  less. 

The  Isbell  vanner  is  the  latest  appar- 
atus to  attract  attention  for  slime  concen- 
tration. It  is  a  vanner  of  the  Frue  type, 
but  of  improved  mechanical  design. 
The  improvement  consists  in  the  way 
in  which  the  table  part  of  the  van- 
ner is  supported.  The  Isbell  van- 
ner will  be  used  in  the  Ray  Con- 
solidated and  Chino  mills  to  save  the 
slimed  sulphides  in  the  pulp  from  the 
Chilean  mills.  That  the  buddle  has  been 
able  to  hold  its  own  against  this  expen- 
sive and  uptodate  machine  is  no  mean 
recommendation.  However,  it  is  not 
certain  that  the  Isbell  vanner  is  in  effect 
superior  to  the  old  Frue  machine,  though 
it  preserves  the  gentle  action  of 
the  latter,  which  permits  the  bed  on 
the  belt  to  become,  camparatively  speak- 
ing, dead.  It  is  still  a  mooted  point 
whether  the  slight  oscillation  that  is  ob- 
tained in  the  Johnston  type  of  vanner 
is  not  better  in  slime  treatment. 

Wilfi.ey,     Chkistensen     and     Craven 
Machines  also  Tested 

The  huddle  has  also  been  tested 
against  the  Wilfley  slimer  and  the 
Christensen  table,  and  has  done  better 
work  than  either  of  the  two,  the  first  of 
which  is  well  known  to  millmen,  while 
the  other  is  a  table  with  saw-tooth  riUle-s 
on  the  deck  and  a  cam  and  lever  head 
motion.  The  Christensen  table  is 
entirely  too  violent  in  its  action  for  the 
successful  treatment  of  these  slimes. 

Some  tests  against  the  Craven  have 
also  been  started,  but  have  not  progressed 
far  enough  to  throw  much  light  upon 
the  matter.  The  Craven  table  consists  of 
a  traveling  canvas  belt  inclined  toward 
one  edge  and  reciprocated  in  the  direc- 
tion of  belt  travel  by  an  eccentric  head 
motion.  This  reciprocation,  while  it  l.icKs 
the  differential  motion  that  characterizes 
the  Wilfley  movement,  has  the  effect  of 
livening  the  bed  and  so  gives  the  slimes 
a  chance  to  come  in  contact  with  the  belt. 
The  table  has  promise,  but  so  far  the 
buddle  has  done  as  well  as  the  Craven 
table. 

The  main  advantages  that  will  encour- 
age the  use  of  the  buddle  are:  Its 
cheapness;  large  capacity;  and  low  cost 
for  upkeep.  The  machine  can  be  built 
at  the  mill,  as  all  of  the  patents  covering 
this  device  have  expired,  and  at  about 
one-third  the  first  cost  of  a  Wilfley  table. 
A  20-ft.  buddle  has  the  capacity  of  three 
ordinary  slime  tables.  It  is  a  balanced 
machine  and  the  power  required  to  rotate 
it  is  small,  less  than  one-third  of  a  horse- 


1108 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


power  being  required  to  operate  a  20-ft. 
machine.  Repairs  amount  to  practically 
nothing  as  wear  is  confined  to  the  step 
bearing,  the  upper  bearing  and  the  driv- 
ing gear. 

Improvements  of   Design    Embodied   in 
Ohio   Buddles 

The  buddies  at  the  Ohio  mill  have  a 
reinforced  deck  of  expanded  metal  on 
which  a  surface  of  cement  is  laid.  The 
surface  is  given  a  slope  of  ^  in.  to  1  ft. 
"With  such  a  slope  it  was  necessary  to 
put  the  cement  on  dry  enough  so  that  it 
would  not  run.  When  applied  the  cement 
would  appear  dry  on  top,  but  upon  wort;- 
ing  it  with  a  trowel  the  moisture  would 
in  time  show  at  the  surface,  which  was 
then  smoothed  off  with  a  straightedge. 
This  gave  what  appears  to  be  an  even 
surface  to  the  table,  but  this  really  has 
many  irregularities  so  that  Mr.  Kidney 
is  planning  to  grind  it  smooth  by  means 
of  an  emery  wheel  rotated  at  a  high 
speed  upon  a  shaft,  parallel  with  the 
generating   line   of  the   cone,   and   along 


has  been  found,  however,  that  the  thick- 
ness of  the  feed  has  little,  if  any,  effect 
upon  the  extraction  effected.  The  ma- 
chines make  tailings,  middlings  and  a 
concentrate  product.  The  middlings  are 
returned  to  the  Wilfley  tables,  the  tail 
product  from  six  of  which  is  being  fed 
to  each  buddle  after  it  has  been  seltled  in 
six  9-ft.  Callow  cones. 

Concentrates  Lost  in  Washing 

The  main  loss  on  the  buddle  occurs 
during  washing  off  the  final  silica  from 
the  sulphides.  The  manner  of  supplying 
this  wash  water  seems  to  matter  little. 
For  instance,  the  ingenious  method  used 
by  Evans  of  applying  the  wash  water  in 
a  sheet  pouring  from  a  plate  of  metal 
quite  near  the  surface  of  the  buddle, 
and  whose  edge  followed  a  curve  ap- 
proaching the  evolute  of  a  circle,  was  no 
more  effective  in  decreasing  the  losses 
than  was  the  use  of  a  perforated  pipe 
fiom  which  numerous  jets  are  directed 
at  a  slight  obliquity  with  the  rays  of  the 
cone  and  opposite  the  direction  of  rota- 


New  Mixing  and  Heating  Apparat 

The  problem  of  mixing  chemical  sol 
tions  with  water  frequently  arises  in  t 
metallurgical  and  chemical  industries  a 
has  been  solved  up  to  this  time  in  vario 
ways,  according  to  local  conditions. 

An  apparatus  for  mixing  chemical  sol 
tions  with  water  has  just  been  put  on  t 
market  by  the  Schutte  &  Korting  Coi 
pany,  of  Philadelphia. 

The  working  of  this  apparatus  is  eas 
understood  from  the  sketch.  The  cher 
cal  solution  contained  in  the  storage  ta 
flows  through  a  float  valve  into  a  sm 
tank  from  which  it  is  lifted  by  a  wati 
jet  eductor  and  discharged  through  ( 
heater.  In  the  eductor  the  solution  is 
timately  mixed  with  the  water.     Pass: 


Water    .- 
Discbarge 


Tlig  Engineering  i^ming  Jbur^ial 

Details  of  Buddle  Used  at  Ohio  Copper  Mill 


which  it  slowly  feeds  up  the  buddle  in- 
cline. The  use  of  a  top  surface  of 
Keene  cement,  such  as  is  used  in  archi- 
tectural work  for  making  imitation  mar- 
ble is  also  proposed.  The  results  ob- 
tained will  be  of  great  interest. 

An  accompanying  halftone  and  line 
drawing  show  the  design  of  the  buddle 
used  at  the  Ohio  Copper  mill.  The  ce- 
ment surface  is  2  in.  thick,  but  need  not 
be  over  an  inch  thick  if  it  can  be  put 
on  as  thin  as  that.  The  step  bearing  is 
fitted  with  an  ordinary  grease  cup.  The 
feed  distributor  is  held  to  the  timbers 
carrying  the  upper  bearings,  by  means  of 
a  grip  ring,  while  steel  fingers  are  fur- 
nished for  cutting-off  holes,  as  desired,  in 
the  distributer  box.  The  buddle  at  the 
Ohio  mill  makes  one  revolution  in  72 
sec,  and  treats  about  12  tons  of  dry  slime 
per  day,  but  has  a  capacity  of  15  tons 
without  crowding. 

There  are  six  buddies  in  the  completed 
half  of  the  mill.  The  feed  water  for  the 
buddies  comes  from  the  overflow  of  the 
Callow  cones,  used  to  settle  the  feed.     It 


tion.  This  method  of  applying  the  final 
wash  water  is  used  in  the  Ohio  mill. 

Mr.  Kidney  is  planning  to  retreat  the 
tailings  from  one  buddle  on  a  second  and 
possibly  a  third  buddle.  Possibly  it  may 
be  well  to  make  a  dirty  concentrate  on 
the  buddle  and  retreat  this  on  some  de- 
vice like  the  Craven  table  where  a  gentle 
washing  action  and  regulation  can  be  ob- 
tained  while  removing  the  silica. 

The  main  drawback  to  the  buddle  is 
the  large  floor  space  it  requires,  but, 
considering  its  capacity,  this  is  really  lit- 
tle more  than  that  taken  up  by  other 
slime-saving  devices  when  the  area  con- 
sumed by  walkways  is  included.  More- 
over, when  treating  a  simple  slime  pulp, 
such  as  comes  from  copper  ores,  it  would 
be  no  disadvantage  to  use  multiple-deck 
buddies,  thus  greatly  decreasing  the  floor 
space  required. 


Mixing  and   Heating   Apparatu    j 

into  the  chamber  above,  the  mixtui  * 
then  heated  by  means  of  steam  and  is  i- 
ally  discharged  at  the  top. 


The  Bureau  of  American  Republics  at 
Washington  is  engaged  in  the  preparation 
of  a  new  handbook  on  Mexico.  Francisco 
A.  Godoy  is  in  charge  of  the  work. 


Properties  of  Metallic  Stronti  i 

Metallic    strontium    was    prepare<  V  ;^ 
B.    L.    Glascock    by    electrolysis    of  K 
fused   chloride.      It   is   a   soft   meta  of 
silvery    luster,    which    soon    tarnisht  in 
air.     It  evolves  hydrogen  in  contact  rt 
vsater,  methyl   and  ethyl   alcohols,  a  '■ 
acetic  and  malonic  esters,  or  analine  "'' 
dissolves  in  ammonia,  giving  a  blue  "•   * 
tion.     It  burns  in  an  atmosphere  of"-   '■' 
bon  dioxide  or  illuminating  gas  as   -'■ 
getically  as  in  air.     It  unites  with  It '"     ■■■ 
gen  and  nitrogen  to  form  the  hydrid  ""    ■» 
nitride.      Its    specific    gravity   appea  K 
be  2.55,  and  the  specific  heat  0.742,  (W 
6.5  for  Dulong  and   Petit's  constani 


December  3,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1109 


Proposed    Requirements    for    Mining  Securities 


Through  the  efforts  of  E.  S.  Mendels, 
igent  of  the  New  York  Curb  market  and 
lelegate  for  the  State  of  New  York,  reso- 
utions  were  passed  by  •the  American 
/lining  Congress  as   follows: 

"That  in  view  of  the  many  attempts 
hat  are  made  to  float  on  the  unsuspect- 
ng  public  the  securities  of  mining,  oil 
nd  other  industrial  corporations,  which 
re  classed  as  wildcats,  fakes  and 
windles, 

"Be  it  therefore  resolved  that  It  is  the 
;nse  of  this  congress  that  the  following 
.•quirements  for  public  information 
lould  be  made  in  all  cases  and  filed 
ith  the  proper  county  or  State  author- 
ies  and  such  place  of  filing  be  stated 
hen  issuing  circulars  or  other  matters 
:lating  to  all  companies  who  desire  cap- 
al  for  the  furtherance  of  their  enter- 
•ise: 

"(1»  Title  (in  full);  (2)  situation;  (3) 
■oduct  of  company;  (4)  when  and 
here  incorporated;  (5)  general  office; 
i)  transfer  agency,  where  situated;  (7) 
gistrar  of  stock  (must  be  corporation), 
iiere     situated;      (8)      stock,     common 


shares  authorized;  (9)  par  value  of 
same;  (10)  stock,  common  shares  out- 
standing; (11)  shares  in  treasury;  (12) 
stock,  preferred  shares  authorized;  (13) 
par  value  of  same;  (14)  stock,  preferred 
shares  outstanding;  (15)  shares  in 
treasury;  (16)  dividends,  rate,  when  de- 
clared, where  payable,  last  dividend  paid 
and  amount;  (17)  bonds,  state  class  of 
mortgage,  when  dated,  when  due  and  in- 
terest rate,  when  and  where  payable; 
(18)  bonds,  total  issue  authorized;  (19) 
bonds,  amount  issued;  (20)  names  of  of- 
ficers and  directors,  address  and  personal 
references  of  each;  (21 )  numbers  and  de- 
nominations of  stocks  or  bonds  on  which 
transfer  has  been  stopped  and  the  cause 
therefor;  (22)  statements  of  assets  and 
liabilities,  earnings  and  expenses,  signed 
by  an  officer  of  the  company,  with  seal 
attached,  and  sworn  to  before  a  proper 
court  officer  or  notary  public;  (23)  en- 
gineer's report,  certified  and  sworn  to; 
(24)  certified  copy  of  the  charter;  (25) 
maps  of  the  property;  (26)  all  matter 
printed  or  otherwise  relating  thereto; 
(27)    certified  copy  of  the  leases;    (28) 


confirmation  of  the  titles,  etc.,  certified; 
(29)    a   full   and   detailed   balance   sheet. 

"Resolved,  that  officials  of  companies, 
promoters,  engineers,  bankers,  brokers  or 
newspapers  making  misstatements  of 
facts  be  reported  to  the  Federal  or  State 
authorities  for  criminal  action  and  that  the 
use  of  the  mails  be  refused  and  fraud 
orders  issued  for  the  protection  of  the 
public." 

Mr.  Mendels  has  embodied  these  reso- 
lutions and  report  of  the  action  of  the 
American  Mining  Congress  in  two  cir- 
culars, which  have  been  sent  to  subscrib- 
ers of  the  Curb  and  distributed  generally 
with  a  view  of  having  the  resolutions 
called   to  the  attention  of  all  interested. 

Mr.  Mendels'  work  at  the  American 
Mining  Congress  in  behalf  of  better 
methods  on  the  mining  exchanges  re- 
ceived a  hearty  second  from  the  officers 
and  active  forces  of  the  congress,  and  it 
is  believed  that  the  resolutions  will  be 
an  important  step  toward  uniform  im- 
provement in  this  line,  and  will  be  the 
means  of  extending  the  stricter  rules  now 
observed  by  the  New  York  curb. 


^otes  on  Geology  of  Snow  Storm  Mine,  Idaho 

BY  GEORGE  HUSTON  * 


The  rocks  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  region 

■re  laid  down  on  a  granite  floor  during 

long-continued    period    of    sedimenta- 

n.     They    range    from   granite    upward 

follows:       Pritchard     slates,     mostly 

jy-blue  banded  slate  with  some  quartz- 

;  sandstone;    the    Burke    formation    of 

n-bedded,    greenish-gray,    fine-grained 

ricitic  quartzite;  the  Revett,  a  series  of 

lite,      thick-bedded      sandstones      and 

artzites;  and  lastly  for  the  purposes  of 

s  consideration,  the  St.   Regis,  purple 

■  i  green  indurated  shales  and  quartzitic 

.  idstones.      These    belong    to    the    Pre- 

'  nbrian   (Algonkian?)  period. 

Orebodies  in   Revett   Formation 

The  Snow  Storm  ore  occurrence  is  in 
i^  Revett  formation.  The  copper  ore 
1-  in  a  series  of  tilted  strata  in  which 
dding  lines  are  distinct.  The  strata 
I  southwest  at  about  77  deg.,  striking 
Vth-northwest.  The  Revett  rocks  are 
irmally,  entirely  silicious  with  no  car- 
l  lates  in  their  composition.  They  con- 
tjn  no  carbonaceous  matter  to  act  as  a 
T  cipitant  for  copper  out  of  solutions, 
re  there  any  igneous  rocks  within 
•<^^   miles.      Some   movement   has   oc- 

i— 

Mining   geologist,    Miillan,    Ida. 


curred  within  the  ore  strata  since  deposi- 
tion, but  this  has  resulted  from  the  weak- 
ening of  the  rocks  under  the  influence  of 
the  continued  downfiow  of  solutions,  and 
the  crowding  of  the  hanging-wall  toward 
the  foot,  from  gravity.  This  displace- 
ment is  scarcely  noticeable.  Aside  from 
the  original  tilting  resulting  from  folding 
and  faulting,  the  formations  have  scarce- 
ly been  disturbed. 

Snow  Storm  Fault  Cuts  Off  Beds  on 
East    and    South 

Snow  Storm  mountain,  in  which  the  im- 
pregnated beds  lie,  is  the  south  end  of 
the  east  limb  of  the  Granite  Peak  syn- 
cline,  which  latter  has  a  north-south  ex- 
tension of  approximately  eight  miles'. 
Further  folding  and  faulting,  coeval  with 
the  great  Osburn  fault — the  principal  dis- 
location of  the  region  running  approxi- 
mately northwest  and  southeast — exert- 
ed a  leverage  against  the  extreme  lower 
end  of  the  synclinal  limb,  forcing  it  fur- 
ther to  the  east,  breaking  the  brittle 
Revett  along  the  plane  known  as  the 
Snow  Storm  fault.  This  latter  feather- 
edges  the  ends  of  the  strata,  cutting  off 
the   impregnated   beds   on   the   east   and 


'Bull.   OO-Gl,   U.   S.   Gcol.   Surv.,  p.  G2. 


south.  The  last  folding  and  faulting 
steeply  thrusted  the  Revett  some  hun- 
dreds of  feet  above  the  St.  Regis, 
tilting  the  former  into  a  south- 
west dip  and  slightly  overturning 
the   latter  into   a   northeast   dip. 

In  the  settling  of  the  blocks,  the  ends 
of  the  lower  strata  of  the  brittle  massive 
Revett,  ground  against  the  softer,  more 
fissile  beds  of  the  purple  St.  Regis,  con- 
verting the  zone  between  into  a  stiff, 
tough  talc  seam,  ranging  from  4  to  10 
ft.  The  Revett  beds  in  front  of  the  talc 
scam  smashed  freely  with  the  formation 
of  plenty  of  clean-cut  openings,  while 
the  seam  made  an  impervious  dam  con- 
fining the  ground  water  to  the  crushed 
area.  As  most  of  this  was  surface  water 
under  high  static  head,  pressures  met 
within  the  lower  workings  of  the  Snow 
Storm  mine,  which  is  developed  in  this 
zone,  are  heavy.  Where  the  southeast 
ends  of  the  strata  of  the  copper  beds 
abutted  the  smashed  area,  they  were 
leached  and  the  copper  carried  down  sup- 
posedly near  the  talc  dam  of  the  fault. 
The  evidence  is  conclusive  that  the 
f.iulting  and  tilting  was  later  than 
the  deposition  of  the  ore.  The  ore 
occurrences  is  cut  off  by  the  Snow  Storm 


1110 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


fault  on  the  east  end  of  the  Snow 
Storm  Mining  Company's  holdings, 
but  continues  west-northwest  through 
the  Snowshoe,  Lucky  Calumet  and 
Missoula  Copper  companies  proper- 
ties. 

In  the  last-named  company's  ground, 
the  torsion  influence  of  the  Osburn 
fault-system  leverage,  dies  out  and  the 
copper-bearing  strata  continue  their  nor- 
mal direction  northward. 

Copper  Minerals   Impregnate   Revett 
Sediments 

A  close  examination  of  the  Revett  for- 
mation, from  the  southeast  limits  of  the 
Snow  Storm  property  to  a  point  six  miles 
north,  shows  it  to  be  impregnated  from 
top  to  bottom  with  chalcopyrite,  mala- 
chite and  secondary  copper  minerals, 
even  where  the  formation  is  lying  flat. 
The  Revett  sediments  appear  to  be  an 
old  worked-over  sea  beach,  certain  of 
the  sandstone  beds  of  which  were  well 
impregnated  with  copper  minerals  at  the 
time  of  the   formation.     With  the  folding 


and  faulting  the  beds  were  given  a  steep 
dip  to  the  southwest.  Long-continued 
erosion,  unassisted  by  glaciation,  brought 
the  ends  of  the  strata  to  the  surface,  and 
the  easily  soluble  copper  minerals  trav- 
eled downward  within  the  bedding  lim- 
its, faster  than  the  surface  was  carried 
away. 

The  "fault"  waters  introduced  carbon- 
ates which  percolated  outwards  from  the 
crushed  area,  sealing  the  rock  openings 
and  plugging  the  strata  against  the  flow 
of  the  copper-bearing  solutions.  It  is 
a  noteworthy  fact  that  the  copper-im- 
pregnated areas  abut,  and  end  with,  the 
lime-plugged  rocks,  and  that  these  latter 
are  the  boundary  rocks  on  either  side, 
and  the  southeast  end  of  the  ore  strata. 
To  summarize  the  conditions  prevailing 
during  the  formation  of  the  orebodies: 
There  has  been  a  downward  travel  of 
solution  within  walls,  against  a  dammiijg 
barrier;  a  deposition  from  comparative- 
ly quiet  waters  in  the  pore  space  of  a 
sandstone,  with  the  enriching  effect  of  a 
reconcentration   from  above   through   ox- 


idation and  erosion  within  the  tilted  mir 
eralized  area.  From  the  surface  to  th 
lowest  levels  the  intensity  of  the  coppt 
impregnation  gradually  weakens  wit 
depth  on  the  west,  strengthening  towar 
the  east,  showing  the  important  effect  c 
the  damming  barrier  in  relation  to  th 
deposition  of  the  ore. 

Reconcentration  of  Copper  Minerai 
Took   Place 

The  strata  carrying  the  copper  appe: 
to  have  been  porous  sandstones  in  whit 
chalcocite  and  bornite  formed  the  c< 
menting  materials  between  the  grain 
The  copper  minerals  were  introduct 
prior  to  the  cementing  silica  which  me 
amorphosed  the  sandstones  into  quart 
ites.  The  reconcentration  of  the  copp 
minerals  transformed  a  once  Iow-gra( 
succession  of  impregnated  strata  into 
zone  of  commercial  copper  ore  carryii 
from  4.5  per  cent,  copper  upward  wi 
6  to  8  oz.  silver  per  ton,  the  iron  conte  i 
being  less  than  1'..  per  cent,  and  tl 
remainder  practically  pure  silica. 


Notes    on    Zinc-Lead   Mining  in   Missour 


JOPLIN  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  10  months  of  1910  in  the  Jop- 
lin  district  have  been  disappointing  as 
to  the  results  of  the  new  tariff  law.  This 
district  in  1909,  with  only  three  months 
under  the  tariff,  sold  230,322  tons  of 
blende  at  an  average  of  S41.06;  24,229 
tons  of  calamine  at  S23.24  and  37,727 
tons  of  galena  at  S54.97,  a  total  of  S12,- 
090,815.  In  1910,  under  the  tariff,  there 
have  been  sold  226,464  tons  of  blende  at 
an  average  of  S41.59;  19,293  tons  of  cala- 
mine at  S25.26  and  35,804  tons  of  galena 
at  S51.96;  a  total  of  .-^11,764,999.  This 
shows  a  decrease  of  3758  tons  of  blende, 
4936  tons  of  calamine  and  1923  tons  of 
lead,  and  a  money  decrease  of  $325,816. 

Closing  of  Sheet-ground  Mines 
Reduces  Output 

This  decrease  in  production  is  largely 
due  to  the  shutdown  of  the  many  sheet- 
ground  mines.  Many  of  them  have  been 
shut  down  permanently  and  the  old  mills 
sold.  The  rich  sheet  ground  north  of 
Webb  City  is  becoming  worked  out  and 
very  few  new  sheet-ground  mines  have 
been  opened.  The  attention  of  the  op- 
erators has  largely  been  given  to  openinr; 
the  richer  soft  ground  and  disseminated 
orebodies. 

The  Neck  City  camp  on  North  fork  is 
the  greatest  addition  to  the  district  in 
years.  This  camp  is  now  producing  4,50 
tons  of  63  per  cent,  zinc  ore  weekly  ana 
prospecting  there  is  being  vigorously 
prosecuted  by  the  American  Zinc,  Lead 
and  Smelting  Company  and   other  large 


operators.  The  Toms  Station  camp  has 
not  yet  reached  the  stage  of  large  produc- 
tion, but  some  rich  mines  have  been 
opened  up  there,  and  the  American,  Fed- 
erated and  several  other  large  companies 
have  discovered  rich  orebodies. 

The  Lehigh  or  Carl  Junction  camp 
shows  more  activity  than  for  years,  with 
the  Moler-Smith,  Excelsior,  United  Zinc 
and  Kramer  companies  doing  much  de- 
velopment. The  West  Joplin  sheet- 
ground  camp  has  also  shown  great 
growth.  The  Hero,  Cambria,  Kitty  Mack, 
Hackett,  Samson,  Hercules,  Muskingum. 
Empire  and  Falls  City  will  all  soon  be 
producing  a  total  of  about  350  tons  a 
week.  The  Badger-Peacock  camp  in 
Kansas  has  fallen  down  greatly  in  pro- 
duction and  it  does  not  look  as  if  the 
camp  will  regain  its  old  place.  Galena 
has  about  doubled  its  production  in  the 
past  year,  and  many  large  companies 
have  taken  hold  of  old  properties  and 
are  bringing  them  to  the  front  again.  It 
looks  as  if  Galena  would  soon  be  produc- 
ing ore  to  the  amount  of  S30,000  to  S40,- 
000  per  week. 

There  is  little  activity  in  the  Baxter- 
Quapaw  camp  and  a  high  price  for  blende 
is  all  that  will  develop  this  camp  as  the 
deposits,  though  high-grade,  are  com- 
paratively thin. 

Miami  has  about  worked  out  its  known 
orebodies.  except  the  deep  ore  In  the 
north  end  of  the  camp.  This,  however, 
will  never  make  as  good  a  camp  as  the 
south  end  has  been. 


One  striking  feature  of  the  situate 
is  that  nearly  all-  the  development  h 
been  done  by  local  men  and  old  compa 
ies.  Little  new  capital  has  entered  t 
Joplin  district  the  past  year.  This 
largely  due  to  the  fact  that  so  mu 
money  has  been  lost  in  sheet-grou 
mining  by  outsiders  who  do  not  know  t 
district.  Dozens  of  large  mills  have  be 
built  on  orebodies  not  developed  su 
ciently  to  determine  their  value,  and  m' 
ing  engineers  who  know  local  conditio 
and  deposits  were  seldom  consult 
before  a  mine  was  opened.  Failure  v. 
predicted  by  those  who  knew  before  t 
mills  started.  Yet  there  has  never  be 
a  better  time  for  capital  carefully  placi 
to  make  large  returns  on  the  investmer. 

Outlook  Encouraging 

Properties  are  very  cheap  now  a 
SI 000  or  S2000  spent  in  judicious  drilli 
is  almost  sure  to  find  an  orebody  tl 
will  warrant  development.  There  ; 
many  old  tracts  that  can  be  leased  i 
the  asking,  and  many  miners  who  r 
anxious  to  mine  for  themselves. 

The  district  has  seen  three  years 
slow  times,  but  the  next  two  years  lo 
better  to  one  posted  on  conditions.  W 
spelter  at  S5.90  and  "jack"  at  .S47,  w 
smelting  capacity  being  reduced  by  1:' 
of  gas  in  Kansas  and  ore  production  ci 
tailed  In  the  Joplin  district  by  the  closi 
down  of  many  sheet-ground  mines,  i 
prospect  of  continued  high  prices  sec 
certain. 


December  3.    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1111 


An  Australian   Electrolytic   Copper  Refinery 

Australia's    Largest    Plant.      Modern    Smeltery    and    Refinery    at    Port 
Kembla.      Output  Now     Four  Times  Australia's    Total   in    1909 


B    Y 


R 


G. 


CASEY.        J    R 


* 


The  works  of  the  Electrolytic  Refining 
and  Smelting  Company  of  Australia, 
Ltd.,  is  situated  at  Port  Kembla,  about 
five  miles  from  the  town  of  Wollongong, 
and  about  50  miles  south  of  Sydney,  in 
the  state  of  New  South  Wales.  The 
plant  is  close  by  a  small  natural  har- 
bor, which  is  made  more  efficient  for 
shipping  purposes  by  a  heavy  stone 
breakwater,  erected  by  the  Government. 
Thus,  the  company  has  both  boat  and 
rail  for  freight  purposes.  The  district 
is  an  active  commercial  one,  there  being 
the  Mount  Kembla  and  Mount  Keira  coal 
mines,  and  the  Mount  Lyell  and  other 
;oke  works  in  close  proximity. 

The    objects    of   the    company    are    the 
jurchase  and  smelting  of  copper  ores  and 
nattes,  for  refining  purposes.     In  a  de- 
ailed  description   of  the  plant,  the   sub- 
ect  naturally     falls    under    three     main 
leads,  the  smelting  department,  the  tank 
lOUse  and  the  refining  furnace,  there  be- 
ng  also  minor  parts  of  the  plant,  which 
.■ill  be  dealt  with  later. 
The   plant   is   built   on   the   slope   of   a 
III,   the    ore    storage    and    sample    mill 
eing  on  the  highest  level;    all   the   ore, 
■hether   brought    by     rail     or    boat,     is 
ucked  straight  to  the  ore  storage.     The 
ulk  of  the  ore  is  bagged.     Some,  how- 
.'cr    (such    as    Mount    Morgan    precipi- 
tes,  part   of   the   ore    from    Kyloe,   and 
w-grade    ore    for   converter    lining),    is 
ucked  loose.     A  branch  of  the  govern- 
ent  line  runs  right  up  to  the  ore-storage 
)or,   while    another   branch    runs   close 
■    the    refining    furnaces,    and    delivers 
e   Mount   Morgan    blister   copper   right 
the  anode-furnace   door. 
After  passing  through  the  sample  mill, 
e  ore  is  put  on   hopper  trucks,   and   is 
n  by  an  electric  locomotive  to  the  up- 
r  floor    of    the     reverberatory-furnace 
ed.     This  is  on  the  same  level  as  the 
2  storage. 

Reverberatory  Smelting 

The  ore  is  tipped  from  the  trucks  into 
ippers  directly  over  the  reverberatory 
i"naces.  The  capacity  of  the  hoppers  is 
Hut  five  tons  of  ore,  or  about  seven  to 
«  ht  tons  of  matte.  The  control  of  the 
•  ipers  is  from  the  floor  of  the  fur- 
I'-e  shed. 

'here  are  two  reverberatory  furnaces, 
8ve  in  every  respect,  but  differing  in 
9'eral  points  of  construction  from  the 
Uial  practice.  The  inside  center  line 
fl  r  measurements  are  17x34  ft.,  and 
tljir  capacity  is  about  45  to  48  tons  of 

H3    Collins    sli-ci't,    .Mi'lliounio,    Australia. 


matte  each,  per  24  hours.  The  hearth  of 
each  furnace  is  composed  of  6  in.  of 
chrome  tamping  on  top  of  9-in.  bricks, 
laid  on  edge.  The  wa'ls  are  strength- 
ened outside  with  I'j-in.  iron  plates,  set 
into  bricks  at  the  bottom,  and  held  in 
place  at  the  top  by  means  of  buck  stays. 
The  two  furnaces  have  flues  connecting 
with  the  main  stack,  which  gives  at  ths 
furnaces  a  draft  of  about  v^  in.  The 
converters  are  also  connected  with  the 
main  stack. 

.About  three  slags  are  normally  taken 
off  the  reverbcratories  per  24  hours,  this, 
however,  varying  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  ores  being  treated.  The  propor- 
tions of  the  different  ores  (sulphides,  ox- 
ides, carbonates,  etc.),  are  calculated  so 
that  the  resulting  mixture  shall  be  self- 
fli'xing.  If,  however,  from  the  nature  of 
the  ores,  this  is  not  possible,  then  the  re- 
quisite amount  of  limestone  is  added. 

Easy  Disposal  of  Slag 

The  reverberatory  furnaces,  and  the 
converters  are  under  the  same  roof,  the 
level  of  the  converter  floor  being  about 
six  feet  below  that  of  the  reverberatory- 
furnace  floor.  This  difference  in  level 
allows  the  slag  from  the  furnaces  to  run 
straight  from  the  tapping  door  through 
cast-iron  troughs  into  specially  designed 
tipping  slag  pots,  running  on  the  con- 
verter-shed level  (i.  e.,  below  the  level 
of  the  furnaces).  When  the  slag  has  all 
been  run  off,  these  trucks  (about  six) 
are  run  by  an  electric  locomotive  to  the 
slag  dump. 

The  slag  from  every  fresh  charge  is 
assayed,  and  if  the  copper  content  goes 
above  a  certain  percentage,  it  is  put 
through  the  reverberatory  furnaces  again. 

Converter  Practice 
There  are  two  converter  stands,  one 
stand  only  being  kept  running  continu- 
ously. The  converter  shells  are  excep- 
tionally large,  and  were  constructed  in 
Melbourne,  by  the  Austral  Otis  Com- 
pany. They  have  electric-tilting  gear.  On 
the  first  blow  after  lining,  they  will  hold 
only  about  4'j  tons  of  matte,  but  this 
quickly  mounts  up  to  a  maximum  of 
nine  tons  after  four  or  five  blows,  when 
the  lining  has  worn  thin.  Fourteen  tons 
has  been  done,  but  that  constituted  a 
record. 

The  converters  are  of  normal  cylindri- 
cal shape,  with  slightly  convex  ends,  and 
a  movable  hood.  They  are  charged  with 
a  large  iron  ladle,  lined  with  same  ma- 
terial as  the  converters.  This  ladle,  as 
well    as    any    other   haulage    and    lifting 


appliance  in  the  converter  shed,  is  oper- 
ated by  a  40-ton  overhead  crane,  pro- 
vided with  a  small  crane  for  tipping  the 
ladle.  The  converters  are  supplied  with 
air,  at  about  14-lb.  pressure,  from  a 
turbo-compressor  made  by  Parsons.  The 
shells  are  lined  in  a  pit,  which  brings  the 
mouth  of  the  converter  on  a  level  with 
the  floor.  The  lining  has  the  approxi- 
mate composition  of  75  per  cent,  silica 
and  25  per  cent,  alumina,  and  whatever 
are  the  materials  used,  this  is  the  ideal 
aimed  at. 

Revenue-bearing  Lining   Used 

At  first  sandstone  and  clay,  both  fairly 
high-priced  materials,  were  used.  Of 
course,  this  gave  an  ideal  lining,  but  its 
price  put  it  out  of  the  question  for  per- 
manent use.  .At  present,  varying  propor- 
tions of  the  following  are  used  :  A  low- 
grade  copper  ore,  containing  a  good  per- 
centage of  alumina,  a  low-grade  gold 
quartz,  old  silica  bricks,  sea  sand,  Bulli 
clay  and  the  remains  of  previous  linings. 

The  materials  are  put  through  an  8x12- 
in.  Hadfield  crusher,  and  then  pass 
through  a  heavy  roller  mill.  They  are 
thoroughly  mixed  and  wetted  by  being 
passed  along  a  chute  by  a  helical  convey- 
er, water  at  the  same  time  being  sprayed 
on  the  mixture.  They  are  puddled  up  into 
a  stiff  mud  on  a  mixing  board,  and 
tamped  into  the  vessel  by  means  of  an 
Ingersoll  air  drill,  fitted  with  a  tamping 
tool,  the  whole  being  on  a  swinging  arm. 
After  lining,  a  wood  fire,  helped  by  a 
flexible  pipe  carrying  compressed  air,  is 
lit   inside   the   shell   for  drying  purposes. 

The  reverberatory  furnaces  and  con- 
verters are  capable  of  a  weekly  output  of 
150  tons  of  blister.  In  the  matter  of  out- 
put, the  converters  can  more  than  hold 
their  own  with  the  matte  from  the  rever- 
beratory furnaces.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  converters  at  this  plant  can  turn  out 
1.2  tons  of  blister  per  hour,  as  against 
about  0.4  ton  turned  out  per  converter 
at  Mount  .Morgan.  Shells  of  this  larger 
size  are  to  be  installed  at  Mount  Mor- 
gan shortly.  The  purity  of  the  blister 
varies  from  about  98.8  to  99.2  per  cent. 
The  copper  is  rough  cast  from  the  con- 
verters, and  is  sprayed  to  quicken  cool- 
ing. It  is  then  trucked  to  the  anode  fur- 
nace in  the   refinery-furnace  shed. 

Anode  Casting  Department 
The  anode  furnace  is  a  reverberatory 
of  smaller  size  than  those  in  the  furnace 
shed,  and  possesses  some  distinguishing 
features.  Its  main  hearth  dimensions  are 
14x22  ft.     It  has  a  water-cooled  bridge, 


1112 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


and  forced  draft  as  well  as  a  stack.  It 
is  like  the  main  reverberatories,  iron 
plated,  and  has  extra  large  side  doors, 
to  facilitate  dumping  in  the  blister. 

The  blister  is  hoisted  off  the  trucks  by 
a  Curtiss  air  lift,  and  is  maneuvered  into 
position  on  the  hearth  with  a  long  fur- 
nace rabble.  Usually  one  slag  is  taken 
off  per  24  hours.  This  slag  goes  about 
50  per  cent,  copper.  Upon  the  comple- 
tion of  a  small  blast  furnace,  this  slag 
will  be  smelted  again  for  its  copper. 
Meanwhile  it  is  accumulating. 

Just  before  casting  from  this  furnace, 
the  copper  is  poled.  This  is  done  through 
the  end  doer  of  the  furnace,  and  the  ma- 
terial used  generally  consists  of  small 
tree  trunks  about  one  foot  thick,  and 
about  15  ft.  long.    This  reduces  the  film 


nace,  from  which  flows  a  steady,  slow, 
stream  of  copper.  This  runs  into  a  ladle, 
which  is  tipped  to  fill  the  mold  on  the 
wheel.  The  tipping  of  this  ladle,  as  well 
as  the  rotation  of  the  wheel,  is  con- 
trolled hydraulically  by  one  man.  The 
motion  of  the  wheel  is  not  continuous, 
but  stops  to  fill  each  mold.  As  soon 
as  the  copper  is  poured  into  the  mold, 
a  stream  of  water  starts  to  play  on  it, 
to  hasten  its  solidification.  When  it  is 
solid,  a  man  eases  the  casting  out  of  the 
mold  with  a  crowbar. 

At  a  point  about  three-fourths  of  a 
revolution  from  the  point  of  pouring,  a 
tripping  arm  comes  into  play,  tipping  the 
mold  and  dropping  the  anode  into  an 
iron  "bosh"  full  of  water,  from  which 
it  is  picked  out  by  an  endless  iron  belt. 


Electrolytic  Tank  House 
The  tank  house  is  a  large  wooden 
building,  and  contains  360  tanks,  in  sets 
of  60.  The  dimensions  of  a  tank  are  10 
ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in.  by  3  ft.  7  in.  deep.  They 
are  wooden  structures,  lined  with  6-lb. 
lead,  and  contain  21  anodes  and  22  ca- 
thodes each.  Heavy  copper  leads  run 
along  the  sides  of  the  tanks,  and  on  these 
rest  the  lugs  of  the  anodes  and  cathodes. 
All  the  anodes  and  all  the  cathodes 
in  each  tank  are  connected  in  parallel. 
The  current  passing  is  about  4500  amp. 
and  the  drop  of  potential  per  tank  is 
about  0.28  volt. 

Tank  Arrangement 
The  tanks  are  arranged  in  five  rows  of 
six  each.     The  two  center  tanks  are  on 


Main  ! 


The  Sn^iAeti^u  i  Jfvitao  Jownai 

General  Plan  of  Works  of  the  Electrolytic  and  Smelting  Company  of  Australia 


of  oxide  which  naturally  covers  the  sur- 
face of  the  copper.  From  three  to  six  poles 
are  used  per  charge,  in  a  furnace  such 
as  this.  The  copper  is  now  cast  into  anodes 
for  use  in  the  electrolytic  tank  house. 

The  casting  is  done  with  a  Walker 
casting  wheel,  for  the  use  of  which  roy- 
alties are  being  paid.  It  is  a  great  ad- 
vance on  the  old  hand-casting  method 
that  is  in  vogue  at  other  refineries 
throughout  Australia.  The  molds  (14  in 
number)  are  carried  at  the  circumference 
of  a  wheel  of  18  ft.  diameter,  with  a 
central  core  in  which  is  situated  the  hy- 
draulic-motor gear.  From  this  there  are 
14  radial  arms  at  the  end  of  which  are 
the  molds,  capable  of  tipping. 

There  is  a  lined  spout   from  the   fur- 


It  is  picked  off  this  belt  by  a  man,  using 
an  air  hoist  having  a  special  shaped 
grappling  for  fitting  on  to  the  projecting 
lugs  on  the  casting.  It  is  then  slung  on 
a  truck  and  conveyed  to  the  tank  house. 
The  copper  is  prevented  from  sticking 
to  the  mold  by  the  application,  at  every 
revolution  of  the  wheel,  of  a  mixture  of 
bone  ash  and  water.  The  anode  is  cast 
with  projecting  lugs  at  the  top,  to  fit  it  for 
use  in  the  tank  house. 

Samples  of  the  copper  as  it  comes  out 
of  the  anode  furnace,  are  got  by  batting 
a  portion  of  the  molten  stream  with  a 
wooden  paddle  into  a  bucket  of  water, 
thus  shotting  or  granulating  it.  This 
is  dried,  freed  from  particles  of  burnt 
wood,  and  assayed  for  gold  and  silver. 


the   highest  level,  the   next  two  slight' 
lower,  and  the  outside   pair  the   lowes 
The   reason    for  this   gradation    from  tl 
center  is,  so  the  tank  liquor  shall  flow  1 
gravity.     The  tank  liquor  is  kept  hot  ai 
in  constant  circulation,  its  movements  b 
ing    as    follows:      It    flows    through   tl 
heater      box,      a      lead-lined      structu 
through  which  run  lead  steam  pipes  cs 
rying  part  of  the  exhaust  steam  from  t 
engine  room.    The  liquor  is  heated  he 
and   then   flows    into   the    leaden    mai' 
which  run  between  the  center  tanks  (t 
highest)  of  a  set. 

Branch  pipes  deliver  the  liquor  into  tl 
two  center  tanks,  from  which  it  floj 
through  the  next  pair  to  the  outside  tan  J 
from  which  it  delivers  into  the  laundl 


December  3,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1113 


or  drains.  These  drains,  being  on  a  slight 
slope  (one  inch  per  foot)  the  liquor 
drains  back  into  the  "collector"  bo.xes, 
from  which  it  is  raised  up  again  to  the 
level  of  the  heater  boxes  by  means  of  a 
Pohle  air  lift.  The  heater  boxes  are 
necessarily  on  the  highest  level  and  the 
collector  boxes  below  the  level  of  the 
tank-house  floor. 

The  Pohle  air  lift  consists  of  a  lead  U- 
shaped  pipe,  each  branch  being  about 
15  ft.  long,  sunk  into  a  well  in  the  ground. 
The  liquor  flows  by  gravity  down  one 
side  of  the  pipe.  On  the  upturn  of  the 
pipe  is  a  small  pipe  which  carries  com- 
pressed air  at  25-lb.  pressure.  All  parts 
of  the  pump  are  of  lead. 

It  has  been  found  that  the  most  eco- 
nomic strength  of  solution  is  14  per  cent. 
CuSO.  and  14  per  cent.  H,SO,  and  the 
temperature  54  deg.  Centigrade. 

Making  the  Starting  Sheets 
The  anodes  are,  of  course,  the  copper 


chisel.  The  starting  sheets  are  then 
trimmed,  and  two  loops  of  copper  fitted 
at  the  top.  It  has  been  found  that  the 
introduction  of  six  pounds  of  glue  into  the 
30  tanks  containing  the  starting  sheets, 
helps  the  evenness  of  the  deposit.  Also, 
in  the  starting-sheet  tanks  the  tempera- 
ture is  lower,  i.e.,  40  degrees  Centigrade. 
Two  electric  overhead  traveling  cranes 
transport  the  sets  of  anodes  and  cathodes 
to  and  from  the  tanks  and  trucks.  An 
anode,  weighing  at  the  start  about  five 
cwt.,  takes  about  52  days'  treatment  be- 
fore it  is  so  eaten  through  as  to  be  use- 
less for  further  electroylsis.  This  anode 
scrap  is  collected  and  sent  back  to  the 
anode  furnace. 

Cathodes  Stay  in  52  Days 

When  a  set  of  cathodes  is  fully  de- 
posited (after  52  days)  it  is  picked  up  by 
the  crane,  and  deposited  in  the  washing 
box,  where  all  adhering  copper  sulphate 
is  washed  off,  and  the  cathodes  are  then 


imate  volume  of  liquor  circulating,  and 
the  current  density,  the  number  of  lead 
anodes  necessary  in  the  set  of  tanks  is 
easily  calculated.  When  the  lead  anodes 
are  not  in  use,  the  tank  is  filled  in  the 
ordinary  way. 

Slimes  Disposition 

The  mud  is  drawn  off  from  the  tanks, 
at  the  rate  of  12  tanks  per  day.  A  trol- 
ley carrying  a  cylindrical  drum  (lead 
lined)  runs  on  the  floor  underneath  the 
tanks.  After  the  tanks  have  been  cleared 
of  anodes  and  cathodes  and  the  liquor 
siphoned  off,  the  rubber  plug  is  drawn, 
and  the  mud  swept  out,  into  the  lead-lined 
drum.  This  runs  straight  to  the  silver 
and  gold  refinery,  where  the  mud  is 
tipped  into  large  lead-lined  tanks,  to- 
gether with  a  quantity  of  sulphuric  acid 
and  niter  (potassium  nitrate).  Air  and 
steam  are  bubbled  through  the  solution, 
and  the  whole  kept  in  motion  by  a  lead 
paddle.     The  sulphuric  acid  acts  on  the 


i; J 

^ 

Walker  Anode  Wheel 


Straightening  Anodes 


castings    from    the    anode    furnace;    the 
cathodes  being  sheets  of  pure  copper  fitted 
with  loops  of  copper  at  the  top,  through 
v.hich  are  run  copper  rods,  by  which  the 
cathode  is  suspended  in  the  tank.     These 
"starting  sheets,"  as  they  are  called,  are 
made  in  the  tank  house,  by  depositing  a 
thin  sheet  of  copper   (i.e.,  a  24-hour  de- 
posit) on  a  pure  copper  "blank."     These 
"blanks"  are  about  '.J  in.  thick,  and  have 
a  copper  bar  riveted  to  the  top,  for  sus- 
pension   in    the    tank.       They     are     first 
created,  so  that  the  deposited  copper  will 
lot  adhere  strongly.   They  are  thoroughly 
:ieaned,  and  then  are   given  a  thin  ap- 
plication of  a  prepared  mixture,  all  over, 
A'ith   a  "rubber."     This  mixture   consists 
if   16  lb.  black   grease,  3  gal.   of   heavy 
ylinder  oil,  and  2  gal.  of  kerosene,  boiled 
i.d    strained.      It    was    only    after    con- 
ir.uous  experiment  and   failure,  that  the 
T.portions  and  ingredients  of  the  above 
:iixture    were    arrived    at.      If    the    mix- 
ire  be  correctly  applied,  and  the  edges 
111  the  "blank"  smeared   with  tallow,  the 
lesulting  deposits  of  copper  may  be  eas- 
'y  stripped   off  with   the    aid   of   a   long 


trucked  to  their  final  smelting  and  casting 
in  the  wire-bar  furnace. 

Deposition  with  Insoluble  Anodes 

There  is  always  a  tendency  for  the 
copper-sulphate  solution  to  become  more 
concentrated,  on  account  of  chemical  ac- 
tion, apart  from  the  electrolysis.  This 
has  to  be  obviated,  as  there  is  a  definite 
strength  of  solution,  at  which  electrolysis 
is  most  satisfactory.  This  object  (the 
weakening  of  the  solution)  is  attained  by 
inserting  in  every  set  of  tanks,  a  special 
tunk,  containing  a  set  of  lead  anodes,  and 
the  usual  copper  cathodes.  In  these  tanks 
the  lead  is  unaffected,  oxygen  merely  be- 
ing given  off  at  their  sufaces.  Copper  is 
deposited  on  the  starting  sheets  as  usual, 
but  this  comes  from  the  copper-sulphate 
solution  itself,  thus  taking  copper  out  of 
solution,  and  weakening  the  copper-sul- 
phate content.  These  tanks  are  always 
noticeable  by  the  frothing  at  the  surface, 
due  to  the  escape  of  oxygen.  An  assay 
of  the  tank  liquor  is  made  daily,  and 
from  the  excess  of  copper  sulphate  in 
solution,  and  a  knowledge  of  the  approx- 


iiiter  and  produces  nitric  acid,  which  aets 
on  the  copper  in  the  mud  (about  40  per 
cent,  at  the  start)  and  makes  soluble  cop- 
per nitrate.  The  steam  keeps  the  mass 
hot  and  the  oxygen  in  the  air  aids  the 
process  of  oxidation  of  the  copper.  Nitric 
acid  is  not  used  directly  in  the  tanks,  on 
account  of  excessive  cost.  Niter  is  com- 
p;'.ratively  cheap.  When  the  leaching  out 
of  the  copper  is  complete,  the  mud  and 
liquid  is  tapped  off  into  filters  underneath, 
where  the  solid  mud  is  separated  from  the 
liquid,  which  is  sent  back  to  the  tank 
house. 

The  mud  is  dried  in  an  oven,  and  is 
then  smelted  in  a  small  reverberatory  fur- 
nace, together  with  sodium  carbonate  and 
some  niter.  Three  slags  are  taken  off,  in 
increasing  richness  of  gold  and  silver. 
These  are  again  smelted  for  their  pre- 
cious contents.  For  the  subsequent  elec- 
trolytic parting,  the  ratio  of  silver  to  gold 
in  the  resulting  Dore  bullion  must  not 
fall  below  a  little  less  than  3:1.  If  this 
is  not  so,  silver  is  added  in  required  quan- 
tity. The  Dore  bullion  is  then  cast  into 
anodes  about  6x10  in.  x  "j  in.  thick. 


1114 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


Electrolytic  Dore  Parting 

The  parting  is  done  electrolytically,  in 
glazed  earthenware  tanks,  about  2x4  ft.  .\ 
9  in.  deep.  The  cathode  is  a  carbon 
plate,  about  the  same  size  as  the  anode, 
and  rests  on  bottom  of  the  tank.  The 
electrolyte  is  slightly  acidified  silver  ni- 
trate, colorless  at  first,  but  after  some 
v'ork,  it  gets  a  bluish  color  from  the  solu- 
tion of  the  slight  percentage  of  copper 
contained  in  the  Dore.  When  the  copper 
content  gets  above  2  or  3  per  cent,  the 
solution  is  discarded,  and  the  silver  pre- 
cipitated out  with  copper  strips.  The 
anode  is  held  in  a  wooden  frame  or 
cradle  lined  with  calico,  and  standing  in 
the  liquor. 

The  current  is  about  80  amp.,  and  the 
drop  of  potential  per  cell,  about  eight 
volts.      All    the    cells    are    connected    in 


tion.  One  slag  is  taken  off,  and  the  metal 
poled  and  cast  as  before,  with  the  aid  of 
a  Walker  casting  wheel,  the  wheel,  how- 
ever, in  this  case  being  much  larger  (27 
fr.  in  diameter)  and  driven  by  an  electric 
motor.  The  motion  of  the  wheel  is  con- 
tinuous, and  two  molds  are  filled  at  once, 
with  a  double-spouted  ladle.  The  main 
output  of  copper  is  in  the  shape  of  wire- 
bars  (95  per  cent,  approximately)  the 
remainder  being  ingots.  In  the  case  of 
ingots  10  are  cast  at  once,  with  a  10- 
spout  ladle.  The  control  of  wheel  and 
ladle  are  the  same  as  with  anode  wheel. 

Power  Plant 

The  power  plant  of  the  works  is  housed 
in  an  engine  room  and  a  boiler  house, 
the  former  being  next  to  the  tank  house 


Tank  Room,  Port  Kembla  Refinery,  Australia 


scries.  The  silver  is  deposited  on  the 
carbon,  and  drops  to  the  bottom  of  the 
cell.  The  gold  does  not  go  into  solution, 
and  is  retained  in  the  calico  lining  of  the 
cradle.  The  silver  is  smelted  immediately 
on  taking  from  the  cell.  The  gold  is  first 
washed  with  hot  water,  and  then  with  sul- 
phuric acid,  and  is  then  smelted.  The 
average  gold  output  per  month  is  12,000 
oz.  and  the  silver  about  4000  oz.  Strict 
supervision  is  always  kept  in  the  silver 
and  gold  refinery.  The  doors  are  all 
double  bolted,  and  the  windows  barred. 

Wire-bar  Casting 

To  return  to  the  tank  house,  the  copper 
cathodes  are  taken  from  the  tanks, 
washed,  and  trucked  by  electric  locomo- 
tive to  the  wire-bar  furnace.  It  is  a  fur- 
nace similar  in  all  respects  to  the  anode 
furnace  and  so  needs  no  further  descrip- 


and  the  latter  adjacent  to  the  co"l  bins. 

The  boiler  house  contains  five  Babcock 
&  Wilcox  latest  type  boilers,  four  only 
of  which  are  used  at  once.  The  steam 
pressure  is  150  lb.  All  the  boilers  have 
mechanical  stokers,  with  shaft  and  chain 
drive.  The  stokers  are  filled  by  a  hopper, 
carried  on  an  overhead  traveling  crane. 
The  hopper  is  filled  from  the  chutes  on 
tl'.o  coal  bins.  Forced  draft  by  a  "sirocco" 
fan  does  away  with  the  necessity  for  a 
big  stack,  a  small  sheet-iron  stack  alone 
doing  duty.  Economizers  are  used  in  the 
fiue. 

A  special  automatic  steam-pressure  sta- 
bilizer is  used  in  connection  with  the  fan, 
to  keep  the  pressure  within  a  pound  or 
two  of  150.  A  drop  in  pressure,  say,  to 
149  lb.  gives  play  to  a  balanced  piston 
in  a  small  cylinder.  This  opens  the 
steam  control  to  the  fan,  accelerating  it. 
nnd   so   keeping   up   pressure.     The   en- 


gine room  contains  two  duplicate  Bellis 
&  Morecom  triple-expansion  550-kw.  sets, 
two  duplicate  steam  air  compressors  for 
the  Pohle  air  lifts  in  tank  house,  two  dy- 
namos for  light  and  power,  one  turbo- 
blower for  the  converter  air,  one  electric 
air  compressor,  giving  air  for  the  air- 
hoists and  tamping-machine  in  the  con- 
verter-shed. All  the  condensing  is  done 
by  sea  water,  pumped  from  the  sea  by  a 
50-h.p.  motor,  geared  to  a  rotary  pump. 
The  pump  is  on  the  sea  beach,  and  runs 
continuously,  practically  without  atten- 
tion. 

It  has  not  been  possible,  within  the 
limits  of  such  a  paper  as  this,  to  touch 
on  the  office  methods,  the  assay  office, 
and  the  numerous  other  departments  in- 
cidental to  a  works  of  this  size. 

The  total  possible  output  of  the  tank 
house,  in  its  present  state,  is  from  13,000 
to  14,000  tons  of  refined  copper  per 
annum.  Considering  that  Australia's  total 
output  for  1909  was  37,000  tons  of  pure 
copper,  these  figures  are  significant.  The 
erection  of  these  works  some  two  years 
ago,  marks  the  beginning  of  an  era  when 
Australia  will  not  be  dependent  on  Amer- 
ica and  Germany  for  her  refined  copper. 
At  present,  there  are  only  two  other  re- 
fineries in  Australia,  one  at  Lithgow  in 
New  South  Wales  and  the  other  at  Wal- 
laroo in  South  Australia. 


Burmese  Oil  Supplanting  American 
Product  in   India 

According  to  U.  S.  Consul  Nathaniel 
B.  Stewart,  the  imports  of  American  oil 
at  Madras  during  the  Indian  fiscal  year 
ended  March  31,  1910,  decrease  S258,831 
in  value  as  compared  with  the  previous 
year.  This  decrease  is  attributed  to  the 
fact  that  the  Burma  Oil  Company  largely 
extended  its  sales  in  competition  with 
American  oils.  With  cheap  labor  for  its 
production,  proximity  to  the  Indian  mar- 
ket and  consequently  light  freight 
charges,  and  with  a  protective  tariff  of 
Ic.  per  gal.  in  its  favor  since  Feb.  25, 
1910,  the  Burma  products  have  a  decided 
advantage  over  the  American  oil.  The 
total  imports  of  all  classes  of  oils  from 
Rangoon  into  Madras  during  the  year 
were  valued  at  $1,589,339  as  compared  to 
Sl,064,611  in  1908-09.  The  imports  of 
oils  from  the  United  States  decreased 
from  SI, 205,641  to  S946,810,  during  the 
last  year. 


Spanish  mining  industries  have  been 
passing  through  a  severe  crisis,  according 
to  Consul  Robert  Frazer,  Jr.,  owing  to 
strikes  for  shorter  hours  of  labor  in  the 
principal  mining  centers,  particularly  in 
the  iron-mining  districts  of  the  Basque 
provinces,  where  both  capital  and  labor 
have  rejected  arbitration  and  govern- 
ment intervention. 


i 


December  3,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1115 


Handicaps    of   Rigid    Working    Hours 

Eight  Hour  Act  in  Great  Britain  Has  Caused  Output  to  Decrease  6  per 
Cent.     This  Combined  with  Increased  Cost  Has  Made  Law  Unpopular 


SPECIAL        CORRESPONDENCE 


I 


On  July  1,  1909,  the  new  Act  regulat- 
ing the  hours  of  work  in  the  coal  mines 
of  Great  Britain  began  to  operate.  There 
are  certain  reservations  to  meet  emer- 
gencies, but  the  Act  stipulates  that  no 
person  may  be  underground  for  more 
than  8  hours  in  any  24,  e.xclusive,  in 
the  case  of  shifts,  of  the  times  fixed  for 
raising  and  lowering  the  shift.  It  may  be 
pointed  out  that  certain  officials  and  spec- 
ified persons  may  be  underground  9'j 
hours  without  an  allowance  of  time  for 
raising  or  lowering,  while  on  not  more 
than  60  days  in  the  year  the  eight  hours 
may  be  extended  by  one  hour.  It  does 
not  appear  that  the  working  of  the  Act 
is  giving  any  great  satisfaction.  Its  ef- 
fects have  been  discussed  by  members 
of  the  British  Association  of  Colliery 
Managers,  at  the  annual  and  general 
meetings,  and  the  mine  inspectors  in  the 
yearly  Government  reports.  It  may  oe 
E.ppropriate  to  present  in  summary  the 
\iews  of  these  authorities,  as  from  the 
experience  of  others,  much  useful  and 
serviceable  information  may  be  gathered. 

Mr.  Richards,  the  national  president, 
in  surveying  the  general  experience  of 
'the  community  under  the  rigid  working 
hours,  says  there  has  been  a  distinct  set- 
back in  the  output.  The  arbitrary  char- 
Jicter  of  the  Act  has  dealt  roughly  with 
the  old  colliers,  and  also  with  the  day 
wagemen,  who  for  various  reasons  ( ill- 
ness, etc.),  might  wish  to  make  up  for 
lost  time.  This  on  the  other  hand,  has 
led  up  to  demands  being  made  by  the 
lower  grades  of  workmen  for  increases  in 
their  wage  rates,  with  the  result  that  the 
colliery  officials  are  now  subjected  to 
what  has  been  aptly  termed  a  guerilla 
warfare.  The  reduction  of  output,  var- 
iously estimated  from  8  to  15  per  cent, 
has  its  corollary  in  an  increased  cost, 
for  even  when  this  reduction  of  output 
has  been  partly  met  it  is  only  at  the 
expense  of  added  labor. 

Increased  Supervision  Has  Not   De- 
creased Accidents 

Mr.  Richards,  who  has  a  wide  exper- 
ience in  the  South  Wales  coal-mining 
Trea,  further  says  that  in  spite  of  in- 
creased supervision,  the  accidents  are 
•reater  in  number  and  the  compensation 
'ist  is  rising  steadily.  That  which  was 
■  arcd  has  come  to  pass.  The  struggle 
'  maintain  his  earnings  at  the  point  at 
which  they  were  previous  to  July  I,  1909, 
naturaJly  tempts  the  miner  to  neglect 
proper  precautions.  There  is  also  not 
ihe   same   genera!    interest   taken   by   the 


men  in  conjunction  with  the  officials  for 
efficiently  carrying  out  the  propping  and 
spragging  rules,  and  unless  complete 
agreement  on  this  point  can  be  secured 
between  management  and  workmen,  the 
number  of  accidents  will  not  probably  be 
diminished. 

The  president  of  the  South  Stafford- 
shire, Warwickshire  and  Worcestershire 
branch  of  the  Association  is  D.  E.  Parry, 
v.'ho  anticipates  that  some  fine  morning, 
the  public  will  wake  up  to  the  fact  that 
the  Eight-hour  .Act  has  become  another 
burdensome  tax  upon  industry.  General- 
ly speaking,  the  "dayworker"  is  quite 
content  with  the  new  arrangements,  as 
his  hours  have  been  reduced  without  a  cor- 
responding reduction  of  wages,  but  the 
expert,  who  has  not  only  to  carry  out  the 
new  .'\ct,  but  also  to  keep  the  whole  or- 
ganization of  a  colliery  smoothly  going, 
frequently  finds  that  he  has  been  hit  a' 
both  ends,  first,  by  a  daily  reduced  out- 
put, and  second  by  the  increased  "ek- 
ly  wages  bill.  Coming  at  a  time  when 
the  margin  of  profit  is  small,  the  increases 
in  the  cost  of  production  have,  in 
many  cases,  had  a  most  disastrous  effect, 
particularly  upon  the  old  collieries. 

The  Eight-hour    Act    Has    Decreased 
Output  about  10  per  Cent. 

Mr.  Parry  has  had  an  opportunity  of 
examining  the  figures  for  a  group  of  col- 
lieries in  the  Staffordshire  coalfield.  The 
output  has  gone  down  since  the  Act  came 
into  force  on  the  average  about  10  per 
cenl.  in  proportion  to  the  time  worked 
and  the  number  of  men  employed.  In 
one  case,  the  daily  output  during  the  six 
months  immediately  preceding  the  Act 
vas  26  cwt.  per  man,  while  this  figure 
had  fallen  for  the  six  months  following, 
to  23  cwt.  per  man,  a  loss  of  about  11'^ 
per  cent.  The  .Act  has  placed  a  serious 
strain  upon  many  collieries  and  in  two 
cases  within  Mr.  Parry's  knowledge  it 
has  proved  to  be  the  proverbial  last 
straw,  the  pits  having  closed  down. 

The  last  annual  reports  of  three  com- 
panies in  the  Midlands  are  quoted  to 
show  the  extent  to  which  the  collieries 
have  been  injured. 

(A)  During  the  whole  6(  the  year  1909, 
the  trade  of  the  country  has  suffer<>d 
from  extreme  depression,  and  the  aver- 
age prices  obtainable  for  coal  have  been 
less  than  for  a  considerable  period,  while 
the  introduction  of  the  Eight-hour  Act 
has  had  a  prejudicial  effect  on  the  work- 
ing of  the  colliery. 

(B)  The  miners   Eight-hour   bill   be- 


came operative  on  July  1  last,  and  while 
the  ultimate  result  of  the  Act  is  quite  un- 
certain, the  present  indications  point  to 
a  reduction  in  output  of  about  12  per 
cent.  This  will  manifestly  involve  in- 
creased working  costs,  but  notwithstand- 
ing this  fact,  the  price  of  coal  has  gen- 
erally fallen. 

(C)  The  company  came  to  the  con- 
clusion that  owing  to  the  relatively 
enormous  cost  of  labor  consequent  on  the 
action  of  the  Miners'  Union  and  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Eight-hour  Act,  together 
\\ith  the  gloomy  prospects  of  trade  con- 
sequent on  political  uncertainties,  it 
would  be  better  to  close  down  the  pits. 

The  view  of  Mr.  Parry  is  that  when 
the  trade  comes  to  improve,  and  partic- 
ularly in  abnormally  cold  winters,  the  ef- 
fect of  the  Act  's  likely  to  be  serious. 
,Tnd  will  press  most  severely  upon  the 
poorer  classes  of  the  community. 

It  will  be  conceded  that  the  mines  in- 
spectors, by  reason  of  their  traveling 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  British  coal- 
fields and  visiting  practically  all  of  the 
mines  of  the  country,  have  exceptional 
opportunities  for  gaging  the  effects  of 
the  Eight-hour  Act,  and  their  conclu- 
sions, therefore,  merit  the  most  careful 
attention.  The  inspectors  are  unbiased 
,Tnd  usually  express  things  as  they  see 
them,  without  regard  to  the  susceptibil- 
ities of  owner  or  workman.  In  view  of 
this,  useful  purpose  may  be  served  in 
setting  forth  their  opinions  of  the  work- 
ing of  a  rigid  Act. 

Views  of  Mine  Inspectors 

The  inspector  in  East  Scotland,  Rob- 
ert McLaren,  says  an  eight-hour  day  was 
universal  'here  prior  to  the  passing  of 
the  Act,  and  it  was  fully  expected  that 
there  would  be  little  difficulty  experi- 
enced in  adopting  the  provisions.  On 
the  whole,  managers  and  men  have  suit- 
ed themselves  to  the  requirements  fairly 
well,  and  there  has  been  a  very  little 
trouble. 

Reporting  for  the  West  Scotland  dis- 
trict, Thomas  H.  Mottrain  says  there  is 
friction  from  time  to  time  as  to  the  in- 
terpretation of  Section  1,  which  allows 
men  to  exceed  the  time  limit  for  dealing 
with  "danger  or  apprehended  dr.nger,  or 
for  dealing  with  any  emergency  or  work 
uncompleted  through  unforseen  circum- 
stances, which  requires  to  be  dealt  with 
without  interruption  in  order  to  avoid 
serious  interference  with  ordinary  work 
ill  the  mine,"  owing  to  the  variety  of 
construction    put    upon    the    meaning    of 


1116 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


this  clause,  it  forms  the  subject  of  many 
complaints. 

Referring  to  the  Act  coming  into  force 
at  the  collieries  in  Cumberland  which  is 
part  of  the  Newcastle  district,  Inspector 
J.  B.  Atkinson  says  that  as  the  system  of 
work  there  was  already  practically  an 
eight-hour  day  no  disturbance  was  caused. 

The  Durham  inspector,  R.  Donald  Bain, 
reports  that  in  the  Cleveland  division  of 
Yorkshire  the  rearrangement  of  the  work- 
ing hours  caused  considerable  loss  to 
some  classes  of  labor  and  at  some  mines 
the  loss  of  the  Saturday  shift.  For  many 
years  the  custom  has  been  for  the  men  to 
go  in  earlier  on  the  Saturdays,  in  order  to 
get  out  in  time  to  have  the  afternoon 
free,  which  eannot  be  done  as  the  Act  at 
present  stands. 

In  the  county  of  Durham,  the  Act 
caused  a  serious  amount  of  dissatisfac- 
tion and  unrest.  The  sudden  variation  in 
the  hours  of  labor  and  consequent  al- 
terations in  domestic  arrangements  has 
been  found  to  cause  much  inconvenience. 
It  has  been  a  complicated  matter  to  ar- 
range hours  of  work  which  will  meet  the 
requirements  of  the  Act  and  at  the  same 
time  be  suitable  to  the  varying  conditions 
of  different  collieries.  The  hours  now  be- 
ing worked  in  several  cases  are  more  or 
less  experimental  and  may  require  re- 
adjusting as  experience  is  gained. 

W.  H.  Pickering,  the  Yorkshire  inspec- 
tor, who  a  short  time  ago  received  the 
King's  medal  for  bravery,  suggests  that 
the  period  of  transition  and  excitement 
attending  the  change  to  the  legalized 
working  hours  was  a  factor  contributing 
to  a  number  of  accidents  caused  by  ne- 
glect of  rudimentary  mining  precautions. 
He  recalls  that  July  and  August  are  more 
free  from  accidents  than  any  other 
months  of  the  year.  But  during  these  two 
months  in  1909  there  was  35  persons 
killed  underground,  the  figures  for  the 
corresponding  period  of  the  preceding 
year  being  19  or  li'Ie  more  than  one- 
half.  He  anticipates,  however,  an  im- 
provement when  the  men  have  settled  to 
the  new  conditions. 

Ten  Per  cent.  More  Persons  Employed 
TO  Maintain  Normal  Output 

In  Yorkshire,  the  collieries'  normal 
shift  was  eight  hours  before  the  operation 
of  the  Act,  but  this  piece  of  legislation  af- 
fected the  men  in  various  ways.  Fre- 
quently they  worked  overtime  and  the 
haulage  men  and  others  paid  by  the  day, 
habitually  worked  longer  hours.  Many 
persons  who  followed  this  practice  found 
their  weekly  earnings  were  reduced,  and 
although  the  Act  was  popular  with  the 
great  mass  of  the  miners,  there  was  fric- 
tion resulting  in  the  stoppage  of  several 
important  collieries  for  some  weeks.  One 
important  effect  of  the  Act  at  some  of  the 
old  mines  in  Yorkshire  was  an  increase  of 
10  per  cent,  in  the  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed to  maintain  the  normal  output. 

Further  than  this,  machine-mining  diffi- 


culties have  been  increased  by  the  rigidity 
of  the  Act,  especially  in  longwall  faces. 
As  explained  by  Mr.  Pickering,  one  day 
everything  goes  well  and  the  required 
length  of  face  is  cut  in  less  than  eigl.t 
hours.  The  next  day  there  may  be  many 
unavoidable  delays  and  difficulties  and  at 
the  end  of  the  eight  hours  the  "cut"  is 
not  finished.  Unless  the  machine  is 
worked  overtime  there  will  be  a  block  at 
the  face.  In  some  cases  extra  men  have 
been  employed  and  extra  machines  used 
to  cover  these  difficulties,  but  neverthe- 
less the  tonnage  of  machine-cut  coal  in 
1909  showed  a  decrease  of  29,029  tons. 
Previously  machine  mining  in  Yorkshire 
was  rapidly  developing. 

The  Inspector  summarizes  the  effect  of 
the  Act  in  Yorkshire  as  follows: 

1.  It  has  shortened  the  working  hours 
of  many  of  the  underground  workers,  es- 
pecially haulage  hands. 

2.  The  weekly  earnings  of  many  per- 
sons have  been  reduced. 

3.  It  has  caused  better  order  and  dis- 
cipline to  be  observed  in  some  cases  on 
the  pit  banks  and  also  when  men  are  be- 
ing raised  and  lowered. 

4.  It  has  increased  the  difficulties  of 
machine  minmg. 

5.  It  had  a  temporary  effect  of  increas- 
ing the  number  of  accidents. 

Recommends  Elasticity  As  Regards  Pe- 
riods OF  Employment 

In  the  Lancashire  district  there  was  a 
stoppage  of  work  at  several  collieries 
from  difficulties  in  connection  with  ar- 
ranging the  wages  of  young  persons  em- 
ployed as  haulage  hands.  In  the  main, 
however,  it  was  remarkable  how  smoothly 
the  work  went  on.  At  the  same  time  the 
inspector,  John  Gerrard,  makes  the  sug- 
gestive comment:  "I  have  not  the  least 
doubt  but  that  it  would  be  a  great  boon  to 
many  of  the  men  if  there  could  be  some 
elasticity  as  regards  the  intervals  be- 
tween periods  of  employment." 

Henry  Hall,  I.  S.  D.,  whose  official  ca- 
pacity is  now  closed  under  the  age  limit, 
remarks  that  the  Act  has  materially 
shortened  the  period  of  employment  for 
boys  underground,  and  13  is  the  earliest 
age  at  which  they  may  be  employed, 
either  below  ground  or  on  the  surface  at 
mines.  It  has  been  suggested  that  14 
years  of  age  is  quite  early  enough  for 
boys  to  commence  work,  but  Mr.  Hall 
says  such  a  regulation  would  bear  very 
hard  on  a  working  man  with  a  family  of 
seven  or  eight  children.  In  such,  a  case, 
as  soon  as  one  or  two  or  even  one  of  the 
boys  begins  to  earn  something,  if  it  only 
amounts  to  the  rent  of  the  cottage,  it 
means  a  change  for  the  family  from  a 
hard  struggle  to  almost  affluence. 

In  Lancashire  also,  according  to  Mr. 
Hall,  there  has  always  been  a  class  of 
men  engaged  on  repairs  who  were  in  the 
habit  of  working  a  quarter  and  in  some 
cases  half  a  day  overtime  every  time  they 
went  below   ground,   a^nd   such   men   suf- 


fered severely  under  the  new  regulations, 
their  aggregate  wage  for  the  week  being 
seriously  affected.  He  says,  "it  is  un- 
deniable that  both  employers  and  work- 
men have  ^suffered  a  pecuniary  loss,  but 
hopes  as  time  passes  things  will  right 
themselves  and  both  capital  and  labor  will 
receive  that  fair  and  substantia!  remuner- 
ation to  which  the  risks  and  nature  of  the 
industry  entitle  them."  Mr.  Hall  ex- 
presses the  desirability  of  arrangements 
being  made  to  allow  the  employer  to  set 
apart  half  an  hour  for  a  meal,  such  pe- 
riod to  be  considered  "neutral  time" 
during  which  all  underground  operations 
should  cease;  and  to  allow  workmen  who 
may  be  employed  on  Sunday,  facilities 
to  resume  their  usual  hours  on  Monday. 

Mr.  Hall  perceives  one  great  alleviation 
of  the  eight-hour  day.  That  is  found  in 
providing  more  spacious  underground 
roadways,  so  that  the  workmen  may  move 
about  and  the  traffic  be  carried  on  much 
more  rapidly  and  effectively  than  is  the 
case  at  present.  Such  an  impro'ed  con- 
dition of  the  mines  will  not  only  lacilitate 
a  larger  production  at  less  cost,  but  will 
also  add  materially  to  the  safety  of  the 
workpeople. 

Causes  a  Decrease  of  6.3  per  cent,  in 

Output 

In  the  Midland  District  W.  Walker  says, 
the  effect  of  the  Act  on  output  is  likely  to 
be  greatest  at  the  older  collieries  where 
the  workings  are  a  considerable  distance 
from  the  shaft,  and  the  coal-raising  ca- 
pacity of  the  shafts  is  limited.  At  a_ 
fairly  representative  colliery  employing 
between  1200  and  1300  persons  under- 
ground, the  average  daily  output  for  four 
weeks  was  1972  tons  in  1908;  for  the 
same  period  in  1909  it  averaged  1849 
tons,  a  decrease  of  123  tons  per  day  or 
6.3  per  cent.  This  is  attributed  to  the 
short  hours  worked  since  the  Act  came 
into  force. 

At  many  mines  in  the  Midland  district, 
the  repairing  shift  commencing  work  say 
at  2  to  2:30  o'clock  on  Monday  after- 
noon, can  only  work  five  shifts  per  week. 
The  men  object  to  working  on  Saturday 
or  Sunday  afternoons,  and  they  cannot 
legally  be  brought  in  on  a  Sunday  night, 
and  again  on  the  Monday  afternoon,  for 
if  this  were  done  more  than  eight  hours 
would  be  worked  in  a  day.  Mr.  Walker 
also  points  to  the  objection — one  of  great 
importance  as  far  as  the  safety  of  the 
persons  employed  is  concerned — that  a 
coal-getting  shift  is  employed  on  Mon- 
day morning  without  a  repairing  shift  pre- 
ceding it  on  Sunday  night  preceding. 

Increased  Cost  of  Production 
In  the  Stafford  district,  Hugh  Johnstone 
reports  a  decrease  in  output,  which  he 
says  is  probably  due  to  some  extent  to 
the  operation  of  the  coal  mines  Act 
(Eight  Hours).  The  coal  owners  have 
also  informed  him  that  they  have  ex- 
perienced an  increase  in  the  cost  of  pro- 


December  3,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1117 


duction.  This  inspector  points  out,  how- 
ever, that  the  introduction  of  the  Act 
synchronized  with  a  period  of  depression 
in  trade  in  the  district,  when  a  consider- 
able proportion  of  the  collieries  were 
working  short  time,  and  for  this  reason 
he  considers  it  would  be  premature  to  of- 
fer any  opinion  as  to  the  extent  to  which 
the  reduced  output  and  increased  cost 
were  affected  by  its  operation. 

W.  N.  Atkinson,  superintending  inspec- 
tor for  South  Wales,  in  view  of  the  oper- 
ation of  the  Eight-Hours  Act  in  the  sec- 
ond half  of  1909,  e.xamines  the  occur- 
rence of  the  fatal  accidents  according  to 
the  period  of  the  year.  He  finds  that  in 
the  Cardiff  district  they  were  nearly 
equally  divided  between  the  first  and 
second  halves  of  the  year  (74  and  72), 
but  in  the  Swansea  district,  there  were 
only  28  fatal  accidents  in  the  first  half  as 
against  54  in  the  second  half  of  the  year. 
The  figures  cannot  be  regarded  as  de- 
cisive, but  Mr.  Atkinson  does  not  con- 
sider it  unreasonable  to  suppose  that  part 
at  least  of  the  increased  number  of  acci- 
dents may  have  been  due  to  the  general 
"speeding  up"  accompanying  the  intro- 
duction of  the  Act.  He  also  refers  to  the 
complaint  of  the  owners  of  mines  oper- 
ated by  levels  or  slopes,  where  the  men 
are  taken  in  and  out  by  machinery,  that 
the  Act  prevents  them  drawing  coal  for 
as  long  a  period  as  in  the  case  of  mines 
worked  by  shafts.  Other  difficulties  arise 
because  of  the  rigidity  of  the  Act  as  to 
the  times  at  which  shifts  must  commence 
and  finish.  Doctor  Atkinson's  view  is  that 
greater  elasticity  in  this  respect  would  be 
satisfactory  both  to  owners  and  workmen. 

Reports  from  Cardiff  and  Swansea 

Examining  the  sectional  reports  it  is 
seen  that  the  Cardiff  inspector  (  Fred  A. 
Gray)  says  the  Act  has  worked  fairly 
well  throughout  the  district.  The  Swan- 
sea inspector  (J.  Dyer  Lewis)  refers  to 
the  interference  with  the  ordinary  routine 
of  colliery  operations  which  obtained  in 
this  district  for  generations;  adding,  how- 
ever, that  when  the  new  conditions  have 
been  given  a  fair  trial,  altered  arrange- 
ments have  been  made  for  dealing  with 
the  winding  of  coal  to  suit  the  new  con- 
ditions, that  "outputs  will  not  suffer  and 
probably  more  men  will  find  employment 
in  the  mines." 

In  the  Southern  district,  there  were  33 
fatal  accidents  in  the  first  six  months  of 
1909,  and  40  fatal  accidents  in  the  sec- 
ond period  of  the  year  when  the  Eight- 
Hours  Act  operated.  Jos.  S.  Martin, 
I.  S.  O.  (since  retired  under  the  age  limit) 
says  the  Act  caused  considerable  fever- 
ishness  in  the  relations  between  the  offi- 
cials and  men  owing  to  continual  dis- 
agreements on  various  questions  as  to 
wages  and  other  matters  that  arose.  The 
effect  has  been  most  severe  in  Monmouth- 
shire, for  in  most  portions  of  the  district, 
they  previously  worked  on  an  eight-hour 
system.     In  Bristol,  wages  were  all  based 


on  an  eight-hour  day,  but  the  men  worked 
l'-4  shifts  from  bank  to  bank,  which,  of 
course,  can  no  longer  be  done.  In  the 
view  of  Mr.  Martin  the  men  must  take 
home  less  wages,  while  the  output  of 
these  collieries  must  also  feel  the  effect 
considerably,  owing  to  the  long  distance 
the  working  places  are  from  the  shaft  and 
the  amount  of  time  taken  out  of  the  eight 
hours  for  traveling  to  and  fro. 


Quenching  and  Conveying  Gas 
Coke* 


By  M.  Tenlon 


A  successful  plant  devised  for  quench- 
ing and  conveying  coke  has  been 
in  operation  at  the  Marseilles  Gas  Works 
for  some  time.  Brief  details  of  the 
scheme  are  as  follows: 

Below  the  charging  stage  of  the  retoit 
house  three  pumps  are  installed,  each 
capable  of  delivering  about  151S  gal.  of 
water  per  second.  Two  pumps  are  in  use 
while  the  third  is  held  in  reserve.  An 
iron  channel,  about  2  ft.  wide,  running 
parallel  with  the  bench,  is  fixed  below 
the  retorts  and  receives  the  discharged 
coke.  The  slope  of  the  channel  is  abou^ 
1.6  per  cent.,  and  the  water  travels  at  a 
speed  of  d'A  ft.  to  8  ft.  per  second, 
carrying  the  coke  with  it  to  an  inclined 
screen.  The  screen  serves  to  separate 
coke  from  water,  and  the  latter  fiows 
to  settling  tanks  for  the  removal  of  coke 
dust  and  thence  to  the  pump  suction. 
The  coke  is  transferred  from  the  screen 
to  wagons.  The  minimum  duration  of 
contact  of  the  coke  and  water  is  about 
10  sec,  and  in  this  time  only  the  surface 
portion  of  the  coke  is  quenched,  the  in- 
terior of  the  mass  remaining  red  hot.  It 
is  therefore  necessary  to  spray  more 
water  on  the  material,  and  this  is  carried 
out  while  the  wagon  is  being  charged. 
By  thus  operating,  quenching  is  complete, 
and  the  coke  is  left  sufficiently  warm  to 
insure  the  vaporization  of  any  excess  of 
water. 

One  of  [he  most  serious  difficulties  en- 
countered was  caused  by  the  necessity 
of  eliminating  all  coke  dust  held  in  sus- 
pension b>  the  quenching  water,  and  for 
this  purpose  two  separating  tanks,  fur- 
nished with  baffle  plates,  were  installed. 
One  tank  is  in  use  while  the  other  is 
being  cleared.  Each  tank  is  capable  of 
dealing  with  tne  dust  of  one  week,  and 
the  quantity  of  dust  collected  repre- 
sents less  than  5  per  cent,  of  the  coke 
transported. 

It  is  claimed  that  the  coke  obtained  is 
very  gray,  clean  and  contains  less  water 
than  coke  quenched  by  the  usual  meth- 
ods; that  the  maintenance  cost  of  the  in- 
stallation is  small;  and  that  the  transport 


of  coke  by  the  current  of  water,  traveling 
at  a  speed  of  8  ft.  per  second,  effects  the 
removal  of  a  large  mass  of  coke  dis- 
charged from  the  retorts  in  a  short  time. 
The  channel  may  be  curved,  if  necessary, 
within  a  small  radius,  and  this  may  be 
essential  in  some  cases. 


Coroner's  Jury  Suggests  New 
Mining   Rules 

Several  rules  to  govern  the  style  and 
the  method  of  handling  batteries  used  by 
shot-firers  in  coal  mines  were  suggested 
recently  by  a  coroner's  jury  at  Greens- 
burg,  Penn.  The  jury  was  investigating- 
the  death  of  a  minei  who  received  his  in- 
juries through  a  premature  blast  in  the 
Criterion  mine  of  the  Westmoreland  Coal 
Company.  The  following  rules  to  govern 
the  kind  of  battery,  and  the  handling  of 
batteries  to  be  used  by  shot-firers  in 
mines  were  recommended  by  the  jury: 

1.  "That  the  company  furnish  a  stand- 
ard battery  with  metallic  covering,  and  in 
so  doing  to  make  it  impossible  for  a  blast 
to  be  put  off  unless  the  proper  connec- 
tions have  been  made  with  the  fire  cable 
and  the  battery. 

2.  "That  the  company  furnish  these 
batteries  and  that  they  be  given  to  proper 
persons  designated  by  the  mine  foreman 
as  shot-firers  according  to  rule  15  of  the 
Bituminous  Mining  Laws,  approved  May 
15,  1893.  And  that  no  shot-firer  be  al- 
lowed to  have  more  than  one  battery  in 
his  possession  during  his  working  shift 
inside  the  mine. 

3.  "That  all  cables  be  at  least  90  ft. 
in  length  and  of  regulation  size  and  prop- 
erly placed  in  order  to  give  the  shot-firer 
proper  distance  to  get  away  from  the  line 
of  shot,  in  order  to  save  the  life  of  the 
shot-firer." 


Flushing  Culm  into  Anthracite 
Mines 

The  Plymouth  Coal  Company  has  about 
completed  the  flushing  plant  that  is  de- 
signed to  bring  the  culm  from  the  Sus- 
quehanna river  into  the  Dodson  No.  12 
mine.  The  general  scheme  is  to  use  9 
barges  which  will  be  anchored,  and 
stretch  across  the  river;  these  barges  will 
support  a  line  of  pipe  250  ft.  long.  The 
pumping  barge  will  be  placed  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  river  from  the  Dod- 
son breaker.  The  culm  pumped  from  the 
river  will  be  forced  through  the  pipe  to 
the  river  bank,  where  it  will  thence  be 
raised  by  an  elevator  to  a  high  point,  and 
then  flushed  into  the  mine.  The  object 
in  view  is  to  protect  the  surface. 


•Abstract  of  nitlcle  piilillshi'rl  In  tlip  Trnni- 
nrliiiiin  f)f  thp  Six'li^tC'  Tecliiil(|in'  il  I'lndustrle 
(in    <;h/    In    I''riincc. 


As  the  result  of  borings  in  the  district 
of  Calcahuano,  Valparaiso,  Chili,  larg'j 
coal  beds  have  been  discovered,  it  being 
estimated  that  they  will  yield  several 
hundred  million  tons. 


1118 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company 

This  company  owns  coal  and  iron-ore 
lands  and  mines  in  Colorado,  New  Mex- 
ico and  Wyoming;  also  blast  furnaces, 
steel  works  and  rolling  mills  in  Colorado. 
It  has  the  largest  steel  plant  west  of  the 
Mississippi.  The  report  for  the  year  end- 
ed June  30,  1910,  shows  fixed  liabilities 
of  534,235,500  common  stock,  $2,000,000 
preferred  stock  and  542,725,000  bonds. 
The  assets  as  carried  on  the  books  in- 
clude lands  and  mines  valued  at  357,650,- 
175;  steel  and  iron  plants  and  mine 
equipment,  528,082,011;  railroads,  55,- 
854,000;  besides  5238,959  credit  for  se- 
curities owned. 

The  production  statement  for  the  year 
is   as    follows,    in    short    tons: 

1908-9  1909-10       Charges 

Coal  mined. 4,094,357  4,722,832  I.    628,481 

Coke  made 645..i44  905. .-i99  I.  260.055 

Iron  ore  mined .-)80,784  879,630  1.298,846 

Limestone  quarried  363,975  407,517  I.     43,542 

Pig  iron  maiie 295,534  385.602  1.     90.066 

Finished   iron  and 

steel 3.59.793  412,749  1.     .^2.9.i6 

Of  the  coal  mined  last  year  1,566,549 
tons  were  used  in  making  coke;  636,383 
tons  consumed  at  the  company's  plants; 
and  2,519,900  tons  sold.  The  coal  used 
at  coke  plants  was  1.73  tons  per  ton  of 
coke  made. 

The  income  account  for  the  year  is 
stated  as   follows: 

Receipts.      Expenses.         Net. 
Iron  Dep't...  .S13.604.S31  Sll. 112.695  $2,492,1:56 
FuelDep't...    10.034.982        8.784.503      1.2.50,479 

Total S23.639.813  $19,897,198  83,742,615 

Interest,  etc.,  received 626.920 

Total  income 84,369,535 

Interest  and  taxes $2,316,457 

Insurance,  renewal,  etc 546.259 

Total  charges $2,862,716 

Surplus  for  the  year $1,506,819 

Premiums  and  adjustments S      55.760 

Debit  balance  .lime  :J0.  1909 467.505 

Total  deductions S    523,265 

Surplus  June  M.  1910 $    983.554 

The  gross  earnings  showed  a  gain  of 
53,295,182  over  the  previous  year,  and 
the  working  expenses  an  increase  of 
52,453,578;  leaving  a  gain  of  .5841,604,  or 
29  per  cent.,  in  net  earnings.  Operating 
expenses  were  84.2  per  cent,  of  gross 
earnings. 

The  president's  report  says:  "The  de- 
mand for  coal  was  fully  up  to  our  ca- 
pacity during  practically  all  of  the  year, 
but  operations  at  the  coal  mines  were  so 
retarded  by  the  shortage  of  railroad  cars 
during  the  fall  and  winter  months  as  to 
cause  a  loss  in  output  of  close  to  200,000 
tons;  yet  total  coal  production  for  the 
year  was  628.481  tons,  or  15  per  cent, 
greater  than  previous  year.  Of  this 
3,100,000  tons,  or  65  per  cent,  were  sold 
as  coal  and  in  form  of  coke,  and  re- 
mainder used  in  operation  of  steel  works 
and  other  plants. 

"The  physical  condition  of  the  plant 
has  been  well  maintained  and  in  many 
respects   improved   during   the   year,  yet 


the  increasing  demand  for  open-hearth 
steel  will  make  necessary  some  enlarge- 
ment of  the  open-hearth  department  in 
the  near  future.  The  surplus  from  the 
past  year's  operations  will  enable  us  to 
proceed  with  these  additional  improve- 
ments without  borrowing  money,  and 
business  conditions  warrant  this  in-  _ 
creased  equipment. 

"Business  for  the  current  year  promi- 
ses well  and  earnings  in  the  first  quarter 
just  closed  compare  favorably  with  cor- 
responding period  last  year.  Operations 
since  Aug.  1,  however,  have  been  inter- 
fered with  by  shortage  of  railroad  cars 
to  an  extent  unusual  at  this  season  of 
the  year,  the  loss  of  coal  production  dur- 
ing August  and  September  from  that 
cause  having  been  in  excess  of  100,000 
tons." 


Causes  and  Prevention  of  Colliery 
Explosions* 

Special  Correspondence 


The  actual  death  rate  from  colliery  ex- 
plosions at  the  present  time  is  low  com- 
pared with  half  a  century  ago;  however, 
the  subect  very  properly  receives  a  large 
amount  of  attention  from  those  directly 
and  indirectly  concerned  with  the  all-im- 
portant question  of  safety  in  mines.  It 
is  still  realized  that  a  colliery  explosion 
may  be  a  serious  calamity  when  it  occurs, 
owing  to  the  great  extent  of  mining  op- 
erations and  the  great  depth  of  the  work- 
ings. In  view  of  this  fact,  engineers 
must,  as  far  as  human  care  can  go,  aided 
by  scientific  research  and  the  spread  of 
knowledge,  endeavor  to  prevent  these  ex- 
plosions. 

Mr.  Winstanley  recalled  that  in  former 
days,  shot  firing  was  held  to  be  the  cause 
of  most  disasters.  It  can,  however,  be 
asserted  with  confidence,  that  the  use  of 
"permitted"  explosives  under  modern 
conditions  in  coal  mines  today  is  incom- 
parably safer  than  blasting  in  open  quar- 
ries. The  number  of  blown-out  shots 
with  "permitted"  explosives  which  have 
to  pass  severe  test  before  their  use,  is 
exceedingly  small. 

Dust  the  Dangerous  Factor 
No  doubt  gob  fires  in  mines  are  due  in 
a  great  measure  to  spontaneous  com- 
bustion, and  the  combustible  substances 
which  occasion  explosions  in  coal  mines 
are,  of  course,  gas  and  coal  dust;  also 
it  is  highly  probable  that  in  a  dry  and 
dusty  mines  a  gas  explosion  will  lead 
to  a  dust  explosion.  Under  modern  con- 
ditions in  a  well  ventilated  mine,  it  is 
difficult  to  conceive  an  explosion  of  gas 
alone  of  very  serious  dimensions.  The 
case  is  different  with  dust.  It  is  widely 
distributed   and   merely   requires   sudden 


agitation  to  charge  the  atmosphere  with 
fine  combustible  particles,  each  little  par- 
ticle in  intimate  contact  with  sufficient 
oxygen  to  effect  complete  combustion 
should  ignition  take  place.  Gas  explo- 
sions are  more  easily  prevented  than  ex- 
plosions of  dust,  and  with  efficient  venti- 
lation, the  existence  of  serious  volumes 
of  explosive  atmosphere  can  be  avoided. 
Efficient  safety  lamps  are  a  second  line 
of  defense,  although  they  may  become 
dangerous  weapons  of  offense  in  the 
hands  of  those  who  do  not  know  how  to 
handle  them  properly.  I  would  welcome 
the  compulsory  use  of  safety  lamps  in 
all  mines,  especially  those  claimed  to  oe 
nonfiery.  It  is  a  singular  fact  that  in 
Scotland  where  safety  lamps  are  not  gen- 
erally used,  on  the  plea  that  the  mines 
are  nonfiery,  the  annua!  death  rate  frum 
explosions  is  higher  than  any  other  coal- 
field, whereas  in  Lancashire,  where  the 
mines  are  admittedly  gaseous,  and  safe- 
ty lamps  are  in  general  use,  the  death 
rate  from  explosions  is  the  lowest. 

Permitted  List  of  Safety  Lamps 
It  would  be  well  if  legislators  would 
establish  a  permitted  list  of  safety  lamps 
and  more  definite  regulations  in  regard 
to  their  use,  especially  by  the  workmen. 
Too  little  attention  is  given  to  the  de- 
sign and  construction  of  safety  lamps. 
Users  must  satisfy  themselves  that  the 
safety  lamps  in  use  are  so  designed  in 
principle  that  they  are  capable  of  with- 
standing reasonably  severe  tests,  and  so 
constructed  as  to  withstand  ordinary  wear 
and  tear  in  use  without  too  readily  de- 
veloping defects. 

Education  of  Miners 

The  leaders  of  the  miners,  if  they  de- 
sire to  promote  safety  in  mines — and  no 
one  doubts  their  sincerity — will  be  well 
advised  if,  while  urging  upon  Govern- 
ment the  need  for  further  legislation, 
they  will  with  the  same  zeal  urge  en  the 
miners  themselves  the  great  importance 
and  value  to  their  own  interests  of  tak- 
ing full  advantage  of  evening  classes  es- 
tablished in  colliery  districts,  where  they 
can  acquire  some  knowledge  of  the  scien- 
tific side  of  their  employment. 

The  miner  who  takes  an  intelligent 
interest  in  his  work  will  not  only  be  a 
better  workman  but  a  happier  one.  Not 
until  the  miner  is  educated  to  a  reason- 
able standard  in  the  knowledge  of  the 
subjects  which  relate  to  safety  in  mines, 
can  they  hope  for  much  improvement  in 
the  death  rate  from  mining  accidents. 
Legislation  is  all  very  well  in  its  way, 
but  all  the  legislators  in  the  world  cannot 
compensate  for  lack  of  knowledge  or 
provide  against  ignorance  in  the  individ- 
ual. 


•Abstract  iif  an  address  by  (i.  II.  Win- 
slanley  before  the  Lancashire  hrnncb  nf  (he 
NntlonnI  Association  of  Colliery  Managers, 
Sept.     24.     1910. 


The  misuse  of  explosives  caused  49 
per  cent,  of  the  1909  fatalities  in  Ontario 
mines.  This  is  said  to  be  a  higher  rate 
than  in  any  other  country  from  this 
cause. 


December  3.    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1119 


Mining  Coal   in    Northern  West 
Virginia* 

The  newer  operations  of  the  Maryland 
Coal  Company  in  northern  West  Virgin- 
ia were  started  in  the  spring  of  1906, 
and  the  present  capacity  of  the  plant  is 
1000  tons  per  day.  This  tonnage  is  se- 
cured from  five  drift  openings  at  inter- 
vals along  the  hillside  each  way  from  the 
tipple.  The  accompanying  plan  shows 
the  location  of  the  tipple  with  respect 
to  the  railroad  trackage.  The  general 
scheme  of  haulage  from  the  mines  to  the 
tipple  is  also  shown  in  the  sketch. 

The  tipple  is  of  steel,  spanning  four 
loading  tracks,  one  each  for  lump,  nut 
and  slack  sizes,  and  one  for  bo,\-car 
loading.  The  tipple  is  equipped  with  a 
cross-over  dump  and  long  bar  screens, 
insuring  good  separation. 

At  the  power  house  there  are  two  210- 
h.p.  water-tube  boilers,  worked  at  125- 
Ib.  pressure  and  furnishing  steam  for  two 
direct-connected     generating     units,     op- 


Keferring  again  to  the  accompanying 
plan,  it  may  be  observed  that  above  the 
tipple  is  a  long  space  for  storage  of 
railroad  empties,  and  below  are  the  track 
scales  and  storage  room  for  loaded  cars. 
From  the  upper  end  of  the  empties-stor- 
age track,  a  spur  for  mine  supplies  is  laid 
up   closely   to  the  tram   road. 

The  arrangement  of  tram  roads  is 
clearly  shown.  Mine-car  trips  from 
either  direction  are  brought  to  the  tipple 
on  the  right-hand  track  marked  "loads." 
The  trip  is  stopped  on  the  tipple  ap- 
proach, where  the  locomotive  cuts  off, 
runs  ahead  into  the  tipple  and  returns 
over  the  middle  or  "motor  passage" 
track  to  reach  the  head  of  the  trip  of 
empties  for  haulage,  thence  either  to 
right  or  l;ft  to  the  mine. 

Machine  Mining 

The  seam  worked  here  is  the  Pittsburg 
No.  8,  running  6' j  ft.  thick  on  the  aver- 
age. The  coal,  while  clean,  is  hard  and 
not  easy  to  cut.  The  undercutting  ma- 
chines adopted  are  of  the  Goodman  elec- 


To  Mines  N-'.  4 


7Vit  Eniflneerinj  J  .Vinin^  Joi'rnnl 


Plan  of  Maryland  Coal  Company's  Mine,  SHO>xiNr,   Railroad  Trackage  at 

Tipple 


erating  at  250  volts.  For  each  mine 
opening,  an  individual  electrically  driven 
fan  is  provided. 

The  Haulage  System 

Until  recently  the  work  of  haulage 
from  the  face  to  the  tipple  was  done  by 
horses.  Recently  a  Goodman  gathering 
locomotive  was  installed  and  proved  io 
satisfactory  that  two  months  later  a 
heavy  haulage  locomotive  was  also  add- 
ed to  the  equipment.  The  two  locomo- 
tives afford  a  haulage  capacity  exceed- 
ing the  present  requirements,  so  that  just 
now  neither  locomotive  is  worked  very 
hard.  All  new  trackage  is  now  laid  with 
30-lb.  steel  for  locomotive  hauling,  and 
16-lb.  steel  for  horse  haulage,  with  wood 
rails  in  the  rooms.  The  gage  is  42  in. 
Although  horses  are  still  used  for  gath- 
ering purposes  in  some  of  the  older  dis- 
tricts, the  new  work  is  being  laid  out 
for  locomotive  gathering,  and  a  gradual 
change  from  the  use  of  horses  to  loco- 
motives will  be  made. 

•Ali>!trnct  of  an   aillclp  in   '■Kipilricnl    Min- 

injr."  Oct..  inio. 


trie   chain-breast   type   and   are   equipped 
with  self-propelling  drop-front  trucks. 

Each  of  these  machines  has  shown 
a  capacity  for  cutting  150  to  200  tons 
of  coal  per  shift.  Seven  machines  now 
give  an  output  of  about  1000  tons  per 
day;  however,  additional  machines  have 
been  ordered,  and  it  is  the  intention  of 
the  company  to  operate  1 1  machines  and 
have  one  on  spare.  It  has  been  found 
that  each  machine  has  been  responsible 
for  the  production  of  3000  to  4000  tons 
per  month  in  continuous  operation,  witl) 
a  charge  of  less  than  one-half  cent  per 
ton  for  all  repairs,  including  cables.  Pick 
work  is  done  only  where  absolutely  nec- 
essary, in  crop  work  and  under  local 
spots  of  very  bad  roof. 

Method  of  Development 

Rooms  are  cut  six  runs  wide,  or  about 
18  ft.,  leaving  32-ft.  pillars,  to  hold  well 
and  facilitate  the  use  of  machines  in  rob- 
bing. Machine  men  and  loaders  are  paid 
by  the  ton.  Cross  headings  are  driven 
only  1200  ft.  long,  so  the  mine  can  be 
worked   in   panels,  and  pillars  drawn   at 


once.  About  50  per  cent,  of  the  product 
is  pillar  coal.  Entries  are  driven  9  ft. 
(three  machine  runs)  wide,  with  rooms 
turned  one  way  off  the  cross  entries. 

The  use  of  the  self-propelling  truck 
on  the  mining  machines  enables  great 
savings  in  time  by  avoiding  the  delays 
which  otherwise  are  necessary  in  waiting 
for  animals  or  locomotives  to  do  the  work 
of  shifting  from  one  working  place  to 
another. 


New   Mine  Laws   in   Alabama 


New  mining  laws  which  will  seek  to 
throw  every  safeguard  possible  around 
the  lives  of  the  coal  miners  of  Alabama 
will  be  presented  at  the  regular  session 
of  the  legislature  which  meets  in  Jan- 
uary. For  the  last  60  days  the  spe- 
cial committee,  appointed  by  the  Ala- 
bama Coal  Operators'  Association,  has 
been  at  work  on  the  draft  of  the  bill 
and  it  will  be  ready  for  publication  in 
the   next   few  days. 

The  following  well  known  coal  opera- 
tors compose  the  committee:  Erskine 
Ramsay,  of  the  Pratt  Consolidated  com- 
pany, chairman;  E.  H.  Coxe,  of  the  Ten- 
nessee Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Com- 
pany; A.  H.  Woodward,  of  the  Wood- 
ward Iron  Company;  Milton  H.  Fies,  of 
the  Birmingham  Coal  and  Iron  Company 
and  Priestly  Toulmin. 

The  committee,  in  addition  to  being 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  conditions 
in  this  district,  have  made  a  study  of  the 
mining  laws  of  the  other  States  of  the 
Union  and  will  endeavor  to  incorporate 
the  best  features  of  the  laws  of  other 
States  in  the  Alabama  mining  laws.  One 
important  feature  in  the  proposed  law 
is  the  increase  of  the  board  of  State  mine 
inspectors  from  three  members  to  six 
members.  One  inspector  is  to  be  allowed 
for  each  2,500,000  tons  of  coal  mined. 
The  State  is  to  be  divided  into  districts 
and  an  inspector  assigned  to  each  dis- 
trict. One  experienced  mining  engineer 
is  to  be  on  the  board.  The  inspectors 
will  be  required  to  pass  an  examination. 

The  committee  will  meet  in  a  few  days 
and  pass  upon  the  draft  of  the  bill  and 
will  later  submit  their  report  to  the  Ala- 
bama Coal  Operators'  Association  which 
will  indorse  the  measure  if  it  comes  up 
to   all   requirements. 


According  to  a  statement  in  the  Elec- 
trical World,  the  energy  from  Niagara 
falls,  including  operations  on  both  sides 
of  the  falls,  is  used  at  the  rate  of  126,- 
800  h.p.  for  electrochemical  processes, 
56,200  h.p.  for  railway  service,  36,400 
h.p.  for  lighting  and  54,540  h.p.  for  vari- 
ous industrial  services,  the  total  being 
273,940  h.p.  Since  the  water  of  Niagara 
Falls  represents  probably  5,000,000  h.p., 
it  would  seem  that  only  about  5.5  per 
cent,  of  the  available  power  is  being 
utilized  at  present. 


1120 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS 


Weltkarte  der  Erzlacerstaetten. 
2.50  m.  G.  Freytag  &  Berndt, 
Vienna. 

Practical  Hand  Book  for  Mill- 
wrights. By  Calvin  F.  Swingle 
Frederick  J.  Drake  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

Transactions  of  the  Institution  of 
Mining  and  Metallurgy,  Vol.  XIX, 
1909-10.  E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd., 
London. 

Granites  of  the  Southeastern  Atlan- 
tic States.  By  Thomas  Leonard 
Watson.  Bull.  426,  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey.  Washington. 

The  Journal  of  the  Iron  and  Steel 
Institute,  Vol.  LXXXI,  No.  1,  1910. 
Edited  by  George  C.  Lloyd,  secre- 
tary. E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.,  Lon- 
don. 

The  Mining  and  Quarry  Industry  of 
Nen  York  State  during  1909.  By 
D.  H.  Newland.  Bull.  142,  New 
York  State  Museum.  University  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  Albany. 

Geology  of  the  Haliburton  and  Ban- 
croft Areas,  Province  of  Ontario. 
By  Frank  D.  Adams  and  Alfred  E. 
Barlow.  30c.,  Canadian  Department 
of  Mines,  Geological  Survey  Branch, 
Ottawa. 

Principles  of  Metallurgy.    By  Charles 
H.    Fulton.      Illustrated.      S5.      Mc- 
Graw-Hill     Book     Company,     New 
York. 
This    important    work    is    not    a    new 
kind   of   treatise   on  general   metallurgy, 
because    Roberts-Austen    has    already    in 
his  "Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Metal- 
lurgy"   given    us    the    new    point    of    de- 
parture  in  going  into  the   study  of  this 
art.     Professor  Fulton  has   started    from 
the  same  point,  and   with  the   advantage 
of  a  path  blazed  out  through  the  wilder- 
ness he  has  been  able  to  clean  up  much 
of  the  underbrush,  making  the  path  more 
easy   to   travel,   and   also   he   has  pushed 
onward   into   unexplored   regions. 

There  are  three  kinds  of  metallurgical 
treatises,  viz.,  (1)  the  general  descrip- 
tive metallurgy,  like  those  of  Kerl, 
Schnabel,  and  others;  (2)  the  special 
treatises,  dealing  exhaustively  with  one 
particular  metal,  and  (3)  the  discussion 
of  general  principles  pertaining  to  the 
extraction  of  many  metals  without  going 
extensively  into  the  details  of  any  one. 
The  works  of  Roberts-Austen  and  Ful- 
ton are  of  the  last  class,  which  is  a 
class  that  has  not  heretofore  been  ex- 
tensively developed.  It  is,  however,  a 
class  that  is  greatly  needed,  and  for 
this  reason  Professor  Fulton's  work  is 
especially  to  be  welcomed.  This  class 
of  treatise  will  be  essentially  analytical 
and  critical,  rather  than  descriptive; 
and  will  deal  with  principles  rather  than 
with   methods. 


In  dealing  with  principles  the  modern 
metallurgy  of  this  class  must  be  to  a 
large  extent  an  exposition  of  physical- 
chemistry  as  applied  to  metallurgy. 
Professor  Fulton  has  fully  perceived  that 
necessity  and  has  viewed  and  considered 
tliat  phase  of  the  subject.  In  his  result 
in  this  particular,  however,  we  must  con- 
fess to  a  certain  feeling  of  disappoint- 
ment. 

The  principles  of  physical  chemistry 
are  abstruse,  or  at  least  they  appear 
abstruse  to  many  metallurgists  who  were 
students  before  physical-chemistry  had 
become  a  coordinate  science  and  conse- 
quently failed  to  receive  instruction  in 
the  A  B  C  of  that  science.  The  sub- 
jects of  equilibrium  conditions,  partial 
pressure,  etc.,  are  simple  enough  if  thev 
be  lucidly  expressed,  and  for  lucid  ex- 
pression there  is  no  help  superior  to  the 
citation  of  some  commonplace  examples. 
Professor  Fulton  seems  to  us  to  fall  short 
in  this  respect. 

In  the  other  parts  of  his  work,  how- 
ever, he  is  satisfying  and  instructive. 
His  immense  erudition  excites  admira- 
tion. He  thinks  clearly  and  consequently 
makes  a  clear  exposition  of  his  subject. 
Extending  the  simile  that  we  have  pre- 
viously used,  he  has  greatly  improved  a 
f.ew  road  for  the  study  of  metallurgy. 
and  this  is  a  road  of  easy  gradients  and 
safe  curves.  His  book  is  undoubtedly 
a  noteworthy  contribution  to  the  litera- 
ture of  metallurgy. 

Gold  Dredging  in  California.  Bv 
Lewis  E.  Aubury.  Bull.  No.  57. 
California  State  Mining  Bureau, 
Sacramento. 
This  bulletin  is  probably  the  most 
thorough  treatise  on  the  subject  of  gold 
dredging  in  California  that  has  been 
published  to  date,  information  concerning 
the  progress  made  in  this  important  in- 
dustry being  furnished  and  the  present- 
day  methods  of  dredging  operation 
shown.  The  volume  was  compiled  un- 
der the  direction  of  Lewis  E.  Aubury, 
State  mineralogist  of  California.  The 
field  work  was  performed  by  W.  B.  Win- 
ston, and  Charles  Janin  collabor- 
ated with  Mr.  Winston  in  a  great 
part  of  the  work  of  its  preparation. 
To  these  engineers  a  large  meas- 
ure of  credit  for  the  completeness 
and  useful  nature  of  the  publication  is 
due.  The  subjects  treated  in  the  volume 
are:  History  and  geology;  prospecting 
dredging  ground;  dredge  construction  and 
operation;  working  costs;  California 
dredging  districts;  reclaiming  dredged 
lands;  the  debris  problem;  other  dredg- 
ing fields. 

The  chapter  entitled  "General,  Histori- 
cal and  Geological,"  by  Messrs.  Winston 
and  Janin,  is  interesting  as  a  general 
treatise  on  the  subject.  The  growth  of 
the  industry,  from  the  floating  of  the  first 
successful  bucket  dredge  at  Oroville  on 
March   1,  1S98,  fn  the  present  is  outlined 


and  the  early  mistakes  of  dredge  building 
are  pointed  out.  During  this  period  the 
output  of  gold  dredging  has  grown  from 
SI 8,847  in  1898  to  S6,870,000  in  1909.  To 
the  enterprise  and  successful  operations 
of  W.  B.  Hammon  and  the  late  Thomas 
Couch  is  given  the  credit  for  the  rapid 
rise  of  the  industry.  To  illustrate  the 
present  magnitude  of  the  dredging  indus- 
try in  California,  it  is  pointed  out  that 
there  are  63  dredges  now  in  operation, 
which,  together  with  the  three  large  ones 
now  under  construction  represent  an  in- 
vestment of  about  .S7,205,000.  There  are 
also  38,  representing  an  investment  of 
SI, 790, 000,  now  idle  or  dismantled — to 
witness  the  rapid  advance  in  dredge 
design  and  construction. 

In  the  geological  discussion  it  is  point- 
ed out  that  the  largest  dredging  fields  in 
California  are  located  on  the  west  slope 
of  the  Sierra  Nevadas,  'and  are  drained  by 
the  large  rivers,  the  American,  Yuba  and 
Feather.  Really  useful  inf-rmation 
is  given  in  such  a  form  as  to  be 
readily  available.  The  treatment  of  the 
subject  of  prospecting  dredging  ground 
embodies  a  discussion  of  the  subject  of 
the  valuation  of  placer  deposits  from 
sample    returns. 

Possibly  the  most  interesting  chapter 
is  that  entitled  "Dredge  Construction  and 
Operation."  The  evolution  of  the  gold 
dredge  is  followed  out,  and  many  inter- 
esting and  instructive  photographs  of  the 
various  constructional  details  are  pro- 
duced. The  types  of  bucket  chains, 
screens,  stackers,  ladder  hoists,  winches, 
spuds,  rigging,  motor  and  electric 
equipment,  hull  and  frame  design,  gold- 
saving  tables,  etc.  are  all  discussed,  and 
the  advantages  of  each  as  demonstrated 
by  practice  are  pointed   out. 

The  treatise  on  the  subject  of  working 
costs  is  very  valuable,  being  the  most 
satisfactory  and  useful  compilation  of 
data  on  this  subject  that  has  come  to  our 
attention.  The  information  given  is  ex- 
haustive and  voluminous,  and  covers  all 
sizes  of  dredge  and  practically  every  con- 
ceivable condition  of  operation.  The  cost 
figures  are  so  segregated  as  to  be  of 
keen  interest  to  the  dredging  man. 

In  the  general  treatment  of  the  various 
districts  of  California,  maps  of  each  are 
shown,  and  an  attempt  is  made  to  give, 
as  fully  as  possible,  the  actual  prevailing 
conditions  as  viewed  from  the  stand- 
point of  the  dredge  man.  The  sub-  ' 
ject  is  quite  fully  covered,  and  much 
specific  information  as  to  various  opera- 
tions in  each  locality  is  incorporated  In 
this  part,  comprising  118  pages  of  the 
book.  Short  abstracts  of  papers  treating 
dredging  operations  in  practically  every 
part  of  the  world  where  the  industry  pre- 
vails, form  an  interesting  adjunct  and 
make  the  scope  of  the  book  general.  The 
subject  of  tailing  disposal  and  reclama- 
tion of  dredged  ground,  both  of  prime  im- 
portance in  California,  are  also  well  cov- 
ered. 


4 


December  3,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1121 


PERS  O  NAL 


Mliiiu;;  ami  mi'tallurgical  cngincoi-s  arc  in- 
Yitecl  to  keep  Tm;  Kmiinkkuim:  ami  Minim; 
JuiiiiN'AL  inlormed  of  theii'  movements  and 
appointments. 


H.  B.  Wright  has  been  appointed  chief 
engineer  of  the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and 
Railroad  Company. 

J.  L.  Callanan  has  returned  to  New 
York  after  a  stay  of  several  weeks  in 
Mexico  on  mining  business. 

John  Hays  Hammond  sailed  for  St. 
Petersburg  on  Nov.  24,  expecting  to  be 
back  in  New  York  by  Dec.  14  next. 

E.  P.  Mathewson,  of  Anaconda,  is  at 
present  on  a  vacation  in  Europe.  He  ex- 
pects to  return  home  about  the  end  of 
the  year. 

J.  R.  Finlay,  general  manager  of  the 
Goldfield  Consolidated,  is  visiting  New 
York  to  attend  the  annual  meeting  of  that 
company. 

John  G.  Worth  is  visiting  Sonora  and 
Sinaloa,  Mexico,  on  professional  business 
and  will  return  to  New  York  about  the 
middle  of  December. 

Audley  H.  Stow,  formerly  consulting 
engineer  at  Maybeury,  W.  Va.,  has  been 
appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  Pocahon- 
tas Consolidated  Collieries  Company. 

Myron  K.  Rodgers,  of  Seattle,  Wash., 
has  gone  to  Observatory  inlet,  to  trans- 
fer charge  of  the  Hidden  Creek  Copper 
Company's  mine   to   Granby   officials. 

Osmond  E.  LeRoy,  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Canada,  has  completed  his 
geological  field  work  in  the  Slocan  and 
Boundary  districts,  British  Columbia,  and 
returned  to  Ottawa. 

P.  A.  Alig,  mining  engineer,  sailed 
from  New  York,  Dec.  3,  on  his  return  to 
Honda,  Colombia,  where  he  is  inter- 
ested in  alluvial  gold  properties  in  the  de- 
partments of  Manizalis  and  Antioquia. 

Dr.  Joseph  W.  Richards,  of  Lehigh  Uni- 
versity, lectured  before  the  Franklin  In- 
stitute in  Philadelphia,  Dec.  1,  on  "A  Va- 
cation Trip  in  Scandinavia  with  Some  Ob- 
servations on  the  Electrometallurgy  of 
Iron  and  Steel." 

Corey  C.  Brayton  has  taken  a  position 
with  the  Natomas  Consolidated  of  Cali- 
fornia, as  general  superintendent  of  oper- 
ation of  the  rock-crushing  department. 
His  address  is  203  Hagelstein  building, 
Sacramento,  California. 

Wm.  Yolen  Williams,  of  Spokane, 
Wash.,  has  gone  to  Observatory  Inlet, 
Portland  Canal  district,  of  British  Co- 
lumbia, to  decide  what  development  work 
the  Granby  company  should  do  there  on 
the  Hidden  Creek  property. 

W.  A.  Greene,  general  manager  of  the 
>outhern  properties  of  the  Republic  Iron 
ind  Steel  Cotnpany,  was  transferred  Dec. 
il  to  a  Texas  oil  concern,  owned  by  the 
'iame  interests.  Mr.  Greene  has  been  in 
he  Birmingham  district  five  years. 


James  Gray,  formerly  manager  of  the 
Nicola  Valley  Coal  and  Coke  Company's 
Middlcsboro  colliery,  in  British  Columbia, 
is  now  manager  of  one  of  the  coal  mines 
of  the  Canadian  Collieries  (Dunsmuir), 
Ltd.,  at  Cumberland,  Vancouver  island. 

Howard  W.  Du  Bois,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  has  been  in  Victoria,  B.  C,  upon 
his  return  from  the  Cariboo  district, 
where  the  Quesnelle  Hydraulic  Gold 
Mining  Company,  of  Philadelphia,  is  put- 
ting in  an  important  water-supply  system. 
John  1.  Rogers  has  opened  a  New 
York  office  in  the  City  Investing  Building, 
165  Broadway  and  will  use  it  as  his  main 
office.  He  is  making  a  specialty  of  forg- 
ing by  the  steam  hammer,  the  drop  ham- 
mer and  the  hydraulic  press;  of  special 
rolling;  of  the  use  and  manufacture  of 
alloy  steels;  of  machine  shops  and  power 
plants. 


+     OBITUARY     * 


Cullen  D.  Purple,  mining  engineer  of 
the  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Company,  was 
killed  Nov.  20  by  the  accidental  discharge 
of  his  gun,  near  Chisholm,  Minn.,  while 
he  was  on   a  hunting  trip. 

Harvey  Browne  Sturtevant  died  at 
Philadelphia,  Nov.  22,  aged  53  years.  He 
was  formerly  for  several  years  chief  en- 
gineer of  the  Lake  Superior  Iron  Com- 
pany, and  resided  at  Marquette,  Mich. 
From  that  place  he  went  to  Minnesota, 
where  he  had  charge  of  several  mines  on 
the  Mesabi  range.  A  few  years  ago  he 
resigned  and  -went  to  the  East  to  live. 

H.  M.  Yerington  died  at  Carson  City, 
Nev.,  Nov.  25,  aged  82  years.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Comstock 
Lode,  and  in  the  early  days  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  opening  and  development 
of  the  mines  there.  In  1872,  he  w!<s  as- 
sociated with  D.  O.  Mills  and  William 
Sharon  in  building  the  Virginia  &  Truckee 
railroad,  which  gave  the  Comstock  mines 
a  connection  with  the  Central  Pacific. 
On  the  completion  of  the  road  he  was 
made  general  superintendent  and  had 
held  that  position  ever  since.  He  was 
the  only  one  of  the  prominent  Comstock 
pioneers  who  always  retained  his  resi- 
dence near  the  lode. 

James  A.  Dunlap,  who  died  at  Butte, 
Mont.,  Nov.  16,  was  for  many  years  pur- 
chasing agent  of  the  Anaconda  Copper 
Company.  During  the  early  days  of  the 
Anaconda  Mr.  Dunlap  was  in  charge  of 
the  company's  hardware  store  and  was 
later  made  general  purchasing  agent,  a 
position  which  he  held  for  12  years. 
When  the  North  Butte  and  Red  Metal 
Mining  companies  were  formed  Mr.  Dun- 
lap became  purchasing  agent  for  those 
companies  also.  Later  two  other  Cole- 
Ryan  concerns,  the  Great  Falls  Water 
Power  and  Townsite  Company  and  the 
International  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany,  were   added   to   the   list.      He   was 


generally  recognized  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  the  Northwest. 

James  McCarthy  died  at  Phoenix, 
Ariz.,  Nov.  15,  aged  62  years.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  resident  of  Denver.  He 
was  widely  known  among  the  mining  men 
of  Utah,  Colorado  and  Arizona  for  his 
articles  on  mining  and  political  matters, 
under  his  pen  name  of  "Fitz  Mac."  He 
removed  to  Arizona  three  years  ago  on 
account  of  his  health.  He  was  gifted 
with  a  trenchant  pen  and  possessed  a 
literary  style  of  marked  individuality.  He 
not  only  wrote  under  the  name  of  "Fitz 
Mac,"  but  also  was  known  personally, 
far  and  wide,  by  that  name.  Indeed, 
hundreds  of  his  acquaintances  would 
have  failed  to  recognize  him  by  any 
other.  Many  of  his  old  friends  of  the 
early  days  in  Colorado  will  learn  of  his 
death  with  sorrow. 

William  H.  Woodward  died  Nov.  25  at 
his  summer  home  at  Weld,  Me.,  aged  69 
years.  He  was  born  in  Pittsburg  and 
graduated  from  West  Virginia  University 
and  the  law  school  of  Harvard.  He 
served  during  the  Civil  War  and  then  en- 
tered the  employ  of  La  Belle  Iron  Works 
at  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  of  which  his  father 
was  president.  After  his  father's  death 
he  became  president  of  La  Belle  Com- 
pany, but  in  1882  resigned  and  removed 
to  Birmingham,  Ala.,  to  undertake  the 
management  of  a  large  tract  of  property 
which  the  older  Woodward  had  purchased 
nearly  40  years  before,  when  the  iron  de- 
velopment of  Alabama  had  not  yet  begun. 
At  Birmingham  he  organized  the  Wood- 
ward Iron  Company  to  operate  this  prop- 
erty. He  was  president  of  the  company 
for  several  years,  and  then  retired  from 
its  active  management,  though  retaining 
the  chief  interest  in  it  until  three  years 
ago.  In  recent  years  his  chief  business 
was  in  real  estate  and  building,  and  he 
owned  some  of  the  finest  edifices  in 
Birmingham.    He  leaves  a  large  estate. 


^  SOCIETIESWTECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  {^ 


Mexican  Institute  of  Mining  and  Metal- 
lurgy— The  December  meeting  will  be 
marked  by  a  visit  of  the  members  to  the 
large  plant  of  the  Necaxa  Electric  Light 
and  Power  Company. 

Zacatecas  Mining  Association — The 
regular  monthly  meeting  was  held  at 
Zacatecas,  Mexico,  Nov.  19.  The  ques- 
tion of  a  geological  survey  of  the  district 
was  discussed  and  the  executive  board 
directed  to  take  steps  to  have  one  made. 

West  Virginia  Mining  Association — A 
meeting  will  be  held  at  Washington,  Dec. 
16.  The  program  will  include  a  presi- 
dential address  by  Williain  N.  Page; 
papers  by  E.  W.  Parker,  Charles  R.  Tow- 
son,  F.  R.  Wadleigh,  Frank  Haas  and 
Neil  Robinson;  an  address  by  John 
Laing,  head  of  the  State  Mining  Depart- 
ment, on  recent  improvements  in  coal- 
mining conditions. 


1122 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Reports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Many      Important 
'^        -^     Mining     Centers    of     tKe  "World       ^ 


San  Francisco 
Nov.  25 — Another  court  decision  has 
been  filed  in  this  State  which  illustrates 
the  difficulty  of  obtaining  title  to  lands 
under  the  placer-mining  laws  until  actual 
mineral  has  been  found,  and  this  provi- 
sion has  seriously  hampered  both  the 
drift  miners  and  the  oil  men,  neither  of 
vhom  can  find  material  until  a  great  deal 
of  preliminary  work  has  been  done. 
Meantime  anyone  else  may  jump  in  and 
get  the  land.  The  case  referred  to  is 
where  eight  indi\'iduals  under  the  name 
of  the  Express  Oil  Company  made  lo- 
cations in  Fresno  under  the  placer-min- 
ing laws  in  January,  1906,  and  proceeded 
to  do  certain  work.  Then  C.  A.  Lemore 
in  April,  1907,  filed  on  the  same  land  for 
a  homestead,  perfecting  his  entry  16 
months  after  the  oil  men  had  made  their 
placer  locations.  The  supreme  court  has 
determined  that  Lemore  is  entitled  to  the 
land,  and  has  affirmed  the  oraer  of  the 
Fresno  county  superior  court,  ejecting  the 
members  of  the  Express  Oil  Company. 
The  reasons  given  by  the  court  are  that 
possession  by  mining  location  cannot  be 
complete  until  mineral  is  found,  nor  can 
possession  be  secure  unless  the  locators 
are  diligently  prosecuting  a  search  for 
the  mineral.  This  search  must  be  prose- 
cuted not  by  trying  to  raise  capital  to 
finance  the  work,  nor  by  improving  the 
land,  building  roads  or  houses,  or  laying 
out  boundaries,  but  only  by  sinking  a 
shaft.  It  may  be  noted,  by  the  way,  that 
neither  the  oil  men  nor  the  drift  miners 
ever  sink  shafts  to  find  mineral.  The 
Express  Oil  Company,  much  the  earlier 
locators  of  the  land,  perfected  improve- 
ments greatly  in  excess  of  the  legal  re- 
quirements if  it  had  been  filed  on  it  as  a 
homestead.  When  Lemore  filed  his  claim 
the  oil  men  had  not  begun  boring  for  oil 
as  they  were  seeking  capital.  For  this 
reason  the  court  gave  the  land  to  the  ag- 
ricultural claimant. 

The  committee  which  will  be  sent  to 
Washington  shortly  to  wait  on  Congress 
on  behalf  of  the  oil  interests  of  Califor- 
nia, has  decided  to  devote  its  efforts  en- 
tirely in  the  direction  of  calling  attention 
to  the  injustice  of  the  Yard  decision  as 
applied  to  oil  lands.  It  is  not  intended 
to  bring  before  the  Congressional  com- 
mittees anything  relating  to  the  future 
disposal  of  oil  lands,  as  already  neces- 
sary laws  are  being  framed  for  consider- 
ation in  that  direction. 

The  members  of  the  miners'  union  at 
Crass  Valley,  the  strongest  union  of  the 
kind  in  the  State,  have  been  grumbling 
about    having   to   pay    so    many   monthly 


assessments  to  help  out  the  striking  min- 
ers at  Lead,  S.  D.  The  members  have 
been  assessed  from  SI  to  S2  per  month 
and  President  Moyer  of  the  Western  Fed- 
eration of  Miners  has  been  asked  to  ex- 
plain how  long  this  would  continue.  He 
has  replied  that  if  the  assessments  were 
all  paid  up  that  are  now  due,  they  could 
be  declared  ofi'  for  two  months,  but  if  the 
Dakota  strike  was  not  ended  they  would 
continue  indefinitely. 


Denver 

Nov.  27 — The  Icwer  levels  of  the  El 
Paso  mine,  at  Cripple  Creek,  are  now  un- 
watered  by  the  connection  with  the  deep 
drainage  tunnel,  and  the  rich  ore  said  to 
exist  there  will,  after  some  necessary 
timbering,  be  available.  No  special 
waterway  or  ditch  has  been  cut  in  the 
main  tunnel,  and  as  2000  gal.  per  min. 
has  been  flowing  through  it,  mainly  from 
the  El  Paso  mine,  work  is  being  carried 
on  from  the  intermediate  shaft  instead  of 
from  the  portal.  Apparently  at  this 
writing  the  "main  water  course,"  as  it  is 
called,  has  not  been  reached  by  the  tun- 
nel, but  it  is  expected  daily.  A  great 
deal  has  been  written  by  the  nontechnical 
press  about  "tapping  the  underground 
lake."  That  the  3'j  miles  square,  which 
is  a  network  of  dikes,  veins  and  cross 
fissures,  has  a  common  water  level  seems 
natural  enough,  and,  in  fact,  has  been 
proved  by  the  higher  drainage  tunnels  to 
be  the  case,  but  the  "underground  lake" 
theory,  with  perchance  eyeless  fishes 
swimming  about  in  it,  is  hardly  tenable. 

The  last  shot  has  been  fired  in  the 
Newhouse  tunnel,  at  Idaho  Springs, 
which  tunnel  is  now  21,968  ft.  from  por- 
tal to  breast,  and  is  considered  com- 
pleted. It  cuts  the  vast  network  of  veins 
of  that  district  from  800  to  1800  ft.  be- 
low the  surface.  Naturally  the  drain- 
age will  be  gradual,  except  in  cases 
where  connection  is  made  with  the  mine 
workings. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Nov.  26 — The  International  Smelting 
and  Refining  Company's  Tooele  plant  is 
handling  550  tons  of  ore  per  day.  On 
account  of  the  new  development  work, 
the  Utah  Consolidated's  daily  output  has 
been  reduced  to  400  tons.  Beside  this 
100  tons  of  ore  are  being  received  from 
the  Iron  Blossom,  and  one  car  of  con- 
centrates, or  50  tons  from  the  South 
Utah. 

By  the  terms  of  a  decree  signed  by 
Judge  John  A.  Marshall  in  the  United 
States  district  court,  the  dispute  over  the 


ownership  of  claims  owned  jointly  by  the 
Uinta-Treasure  Hill  Coalition  and  the 
Silver  King  Coalition  was  settled,  and  the 
property  in  dispute  ordered  to  be  sold 
at  auction.  The  controversy  was  over 
two  groups  of  claims,  eight  in  one,  and 
four  in  the  other.  In  the  group  of  eight. 
Judge  Marshall  decided  that  the  Uinta 
company  is  entitled  to  two-thirds  owner- 
ship and  the  Silver  King  to  one-third. 
In  the  group  of  four  claims,  embracing 
the  John,  Trestle,  George  and  Samuel, 
the  decision  gave  the  Uinta  company  one- 
quarter  ownership,  and  the  Silver  King 
three-quarter  ownership.  Bids  will  be 
secured  on  each  individual  claim  in  the 
first  and  second  groups,  and  then  bids  on 
each  group  as  a  whole.  The  claims  will 
be  sold  by  Charles  Baldwin,  Master  in 
Chancery,  at  Park  City,  on  a  date  to  be 
fixed  later. 

The  mine-salting  case  against  C.  A. 
Bauer,  charged  with  "salting"  the  Gold- 
en Rule  Mining  Company  property  with 
high-grade  ore,  has  been  dismissea  on 
account  of  the  failure  of  the  State  to  pro- 
cure certain  important  witnesses,  wno 
were  relied  on  for  conviction.  According 
to  the  complaint  and  the  evidence  which 
was  introduced  at  the  preliminary  hear- 
ing. Bauer  is  said  to  have  distributed 
samples  of  high-grade  ore  in  the  tunnel 
of  the  company,  east  of  Ogden,  and  upon 
subsequent  assay  of  some  of  the  sam- 
ples, to  have  disposed  of  stock.  Samples 
taken  by  a  mining  engineer  showed 
only  a  trace  of  gold  and  silver.  Some 
of  those  to  whom  stock  had  been  sold 
caused  Bauer's  arrest.  He  was  released 
on  bond,  but  his  bondsmen  later  with- 
drew their  responsibility  for  Bauer's  ap- 
pearing in  court,  and  he  was  rearrested, 
and  held  in  the  county  jail  until  Nov.  17, 
when  the  charges  against  him  were  with- 
drawn. ' 


Birmingham,  Ala.  1 

Nov.  28 — John  A.  Topping,  chairman 
of  the  executive  board  of  the  Republic 
Iron  and  Steel  Company,  and  T.  H.  Guth- 
rie, president  of  that  concern,  C.  A. 
Grenfel,  of  London,  director  in  the  South- 
ern Iron  and  Steel  Company,  and  James 
Bowron,  vice-president  and  general  man- 
ager of  that  company,  J.  C.  Maben,  pres- 
ident of  the  Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron 
Company,  and  J.  W.  McQueen,  vice-presi- 
dent of  that  company,  and  other  officials 
of  iron  and  steel  companies  in  the  Birm- 
ingham district  during  the  past  week 
made  trips  of  inspection  to  properties  of 
the  several  companies  and  the  rumors 
were  strong  concerning  a  merger  of  inde- 


\ 


I 


-December  3,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1123 


pendent  coal,  iron  and  steel  companies  in 
the  Southern  territory.  It  is  reported  that 
actual  work  looking  to  a  merger  will  be 
done  in  New  York  in  the  near  future. 

Announcement  of  additions  to  the  board 

of  directors  of  the  Alabama  Consolidated 

Coal   and   Iron   company   by   naming   two 

I     Baltimore  capitalists;  also  that  the  affairs 

I     of  the  company  were  being  brought  into 

\    good  shape,  through  the  efforts  of  H.  S. 

Matthews,     vice-president     and     general 

manager,  have  caused  considerable  good 

feeling. 

Toronto 

Nov.  27 — An  important  judgment,  af- 
fecting the  rights  of  a  large  number  ,)f 
land  owners  in  Kent  and  Elgin  counties 
in  western  Ontario  to  the  natural  gas  un- 
derlying their  properties,  was  given  by 
Chancellor  Boyd,  of  the  High  Court  of 
Ontario,  at  Toronto,  Nov.  24.  The  titles 
to  large  areas  of  land  in  this  section  were 
,  derived  from  the  Canada  company,  the 
deeds  reserving  the  rights  to  mine  for 
minerals  and  oils.  These  rights  were 
subsequently  acquired  by  the  Bernard- 
Argue-Roth-Stearns  Oil  and  Gas  Com- 
pany and  the  Alexander  Oil  and  Devel- 
opment Company,  and  the  holders  of  sur- 
face rights  were  put  to  inconvenience  and 
loss  through  their  operations.  The  farm- 
ers appealed  to  the  provincial  government 
for  relief  and  the  government  decided  to 
bear  the  expense  of  submitting  a  test 
c<<se  to  the  courts.  An  action  was 
brought  in  the  name  of  Alexander  Far- 
qiiharson  against  Bemard-Argue-Roth- 
Stearns  Oil  Company.  The  judgment  of 
the  court  is  to  the  effect  that  there  is  a 
valid  reservation  of  the  oil  on  the  prop- 
erty, which  belongs  to  the  company,  but 
that  there  is  no  reservation  of  natural 
gas,  which  belongs  to  the  land  owner. 
Where,  however,  a  well  is  distinctly  an 
lil  well  and  the  amount  of  gas  merely  a 
subsidiary  concomitant  the  gas  element 
should  be  disregarded  and  the  whole  go 
mder  the  reservation,  with  the  like  limi- 
ation  as  to  a  distinctly  gas  well.  The 
■ompany  is  held  liable  for  the  net  profits 
)btained  from  gas  on  the  property,  and 
he  original  owners,  the  Canada  com- 
lany,  for  all  royalties  received  on  the 
'.as  output. 

The  Canadian   Pacific  railway  will  ex- 

'erinient  in   the   transmission   of  natural 

;as   from   Medicine    Hat.   Alta.,   to  points 

arther  wes*.     For  this  purpose  it  has  had 

wo  special  cars  made  in  Germany,  each 

quipped  with  3fi  cylinders  which  are   \^ 

t.  by  8  in.  in  size.     Train=  running  west 

f  Medicine  Hat  are  using  gas  as  an  il- 

iminant  and  tanks  will  be  built  at  points 

long     the     line.       Another     natural-gas 

usher  was  tapped  on  the  Hargrave  prop- 

rty.  Medicine  Hat.  this  week,  at  a  depth 

f    1042    ft.,   and    the    yield    is    stated    at 

non.non  ft.  per  day. 

It   is   reported   that   anthracite    coal    of 

od     quality     has     been     found     near 

helmsfnrd,  Ont.,  in  the  Sudbury  district. 


Mining  operations  have  been  in  progress 
about  one  inile  from  the  town,  under  th; 
direction  of  E.  J.  Cowain,  and  it  is 
claimed  that  coal  has  been  found  at  a 
depth  of  20  ft.  Thomas  W.  Gibson,  depu- 
ty minister  of  mines  for  Ontario,  states 
that  it  has  been  known  since  1895  that 
anthraxolite  occurred  in  this  field,  out 
that  subsequent  diamond  drilling  failed 
to  discover  any  coal  of  a  commercial 
standard.  The  department  had  not  been 
appraised  of  the  reported  discovery. 

A  new  law  regarding  the  payment  of 
wages  came  into  force  Sept.  1,  which  has 
already  had  effect  on  some  of  the  smaller 
mining  companies  in  the  Elk  Lake  and 
Gowganda  districts.  At  present,  when  a 
garnishee  for  wages  is  issued  against  a 
company,  unless  a  dispute,  or  the  money 
W.  filed  with  the  clerk  of  the  court  with- 
in 10  days  from  the  issuing  of  the  garn- 
ishee, judgment  is  given  and  an  execu- 
tion can  be  made  immediately.  In  this 
case  the  costs  must  also  be  borne  by  the 
company.  This  new  law  does  away,  to 
a  great  extent,  with  the  delays  and  ex- 
pense that  formerly  attended  such  action 
for  the  recovery  of  wages. 


Mexico 

The  so  called  ".".rti-American"  disturb- 
ances in  Mexico  City  of  a  fortnight  ago 
now  seem  to  have  been  a  prearranged 
prelude  and  incident  to  a  rather  wide- 
spread resistance  to  the  Government, 
which  has  been  manifested  in  numerous 
outbreaks  and  in  forcible  resistance  to 
"constitutional"  authority  in  many  parts 
of  the  Republic,  especially  in  the  north- 
ern central  States.  At  this  writing  it  ap- 
pears that  the  Government  is  in  full  con- 
trol except  in  a  remote  region  of  the  State 
of  Chihuahua  and  that  the  "revolution" 
will  be  futile,  except  that  it  has  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  world  at  large  and  of 
the  Diaz  Government  to  the  real  and  al- 
leged grievances  which  have  been  in  part 
its  cause.  Apparently,  too,  in  the  later 
developments  of  the  movement  th.-  a"t\- 
Ameriean  feature  disappeared  and  as  far 
as  reports  are  at  hand  Ainericans  and 
American  interests  have  not  been  dis- 
turbed, and  indeed,  were  not  in  any  danger. 
From  reports  it  also  seems  that  tlie  many 
Americans  in  Mexico  have  acted  discrete- 
ly. Extracts  from  several  letters  from 
credible  sources  are  given  herewith: 

From  Cananea,  Sonora,  Nov.  23: 
"Greatly  exaggerated  reports  have  been 
sent  out  from  the  border  towns  and  con- 
ditions are  far  from  what  they  are  made 
to  appear.  Newspaper  correspondents  are 
too  anxious  to  send  a  'good  story'  to  ad- 
here any  more  strictly  than  necessary 
to  truth.  For  instance  one  despatch  stated 
that  200  Federal  soldiers  were  sent  to 
Agua  Prieta.  The  actual  number  was  18. 
From  Cananea  it  was  stated  that  1000 
Yaquis  were  being  gathered  and  armed 
by  the  insurgents.  In  fact  there  are  not 
more  than  200  able-bodied  Yaqui  men  in 


the  old  Yaqui  country  who  could  be 
gathered  together  for  any  purpose.  The 
death  of  a  woman  was  reported  from 
Cananea;  she  was  killed  by  a  locomotive, 
but  this  fact  was  oinitted  in  the  story. 
The  sequestration  of  the  federal  telegraph 
has  been  made  much  of,  but  commercial 
messages  are  not  interfered  with,  though 
the  Government  has  use  for  its  rather  in- 
sufficient facilities.  However,  conditions 
are  more  serious  than  in  many  years,  and 
may  easily  become  more  so.  From  the 
fact  that  uprisings  have  occurred  at  va- 
rious widely  separated  localities  one  may 
see  that  the  anti-Diaz  feeling  has  been 
fomented  and  fostered,  and  that  it  is  di- 
rected by  some  central  spirits.  The  so 
called  anti-American  riots  at  several 
points  are,  in  reality,  not  anti-American 
at  all,  but  were  carefully  planned  to  in- 
ciease  the  embarrassment  of  the  Diaz 
Government.  And  they  have  served  their 
purpose,  to  a  certain  extent.  In  this 
concert  of  action,  shrewdly  planned,  there 
appears  something  more,  far  more,  than  a 
series  of  spasmodic  uprisings.  And  it  is 
because  of  what  this  may  indicate  that 
conservative  men  are  divided  in  their 
opinion  as  to  the  outcome." 

From  Velardena  Dgo.,  Nov,  23 — 
"Everything  O  K  and  quiet.  Have  seen 
absolutely  no  evidences  at  any  place  of 
ill  feeling  toward  Americans.  We  are 
perfectly  safe  as  far  as  both  factions 
are  concerned.  Everything  as  usual  at 
Mapami  and  Velardefia.  About  as  sa^'e 
here  as  in  Philadelphia  during  that 
strike." 

From  Oaxaca,  under  date  of  Nov.  18 — 
"The  recent  manifestations  in  Mexico 
against  Americans  which  were  caused  by 
the  burning  of  a  Mexican  highwayman  and 
woman  murderer  in  Texas,  found  but 
slight  echo  in  southern  Mexico  and 
Oaxaca.  Aside  from  a  mass  meeting 
held  by  the  students  of  the  Institute  of 
Art  and  Science  in  which,  of  course,  a 
mob  of  halfgrown  boys  and  pclados 
joined,  there  was  no  evidence  whatevjr 
of  bad  feelings  against  the  Americans. 
The  government  had  the  situation  under 
excellent  control.  In  Oaxaca,  where  the 
influence  of  the  American  inoney  and 
energy  has  been  appreciated  by  the  na- 
tives, many  of  whom  have  risen  to  com- 
parative wealth  through  their  business 
connections  and  associations  with  Amer- 
icans, the  relations  are  throughout  friend- 
ly. It  is  a  fact  that  is  is  perfectly  safe 
for  Americans  to  reside  even  in  the  most 
remote  districts  of  the  State  with  their 
wives  and  families,  even  in  places  where 
the  Mexican  officials  are  not  desired. 
Troubles  between  the  Indians  and  the 
Americans  can  in  each  case  be  traced  to 
some  unjust  or  inconsiderate  treatment. 
It  is  well  understood  here  that  the  mani- 
festations were  used  only  as  a  cover  for 
gatherings  against  the  local  government, 
which  does  not  seem  to  be  popular  among 
the  masses." 


1124 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


X     y 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  Ne-w  Machinery 
Inst  allations.  Development  Work  and  Property- 
Trans  f  e  rs^^T'lie^CviijrentH^ 


Alaska 

Maj.  W.  P.  Richardson,  chairman  nf 
the  Alaska  Road  Commission,  announces 
that  in  February  the  Government  will 
have  opened  roads  from  Nome  to  Haidi- 
tarod  and  Haiditarod  to  Seward,  thereby 
facilitating  travel  to  the  new  Haiditarod 
and  Kuskokwin  mining  camps.  Major 
Richardson  goes  to  Washington  to  urge 
a  further  appropriation  for  road  building 
in  Alaska.  At  Valdez,  Major  Richardson 
inspected  recent  quartz  gold  discoveries, 
including  the  Cliff  mine,  where  a  small 
stamp  mill  has  taken  out  over  $100,000 
worth  of  gold  in  less  than  six  months. 
He  believes  another  year's  development 
will  open  an  important  quartz-mining 
district  aboi'»  Valdez. 

Calhouu  Creek — Operations  on  this 
property  near  Haines  have  ceased  for  the 
winter,  and  will  be  resumed  in  the  Spring. 

Big  Strike — This  property  on  Shoop 
bay,  near  Valdez,  has  been  sold  to  the 
Tyee  Copper  Company,  of  Victoria. 

Cliff — The  last  shipment  from  this 
mine  consisted  of  60  tons  of  concentrates 
running  SIOO.  B.  F.  Millard,  Valdez,  is 
manager. 


Alabama 

Cleburne  Mica  Company — This  com- 
pany has  bought  the  mica  deposit  near 
Heflin,  in  Cleburne  county,  and  is  open- 
ing a  mine.  It  is  also  arranging  to  buiid 
a  plant  to  prepare  the  mica  for  market. 
E.  C.  Guilmartin,  of  Anniston,  is  presi- 
dent. 


Arizona 

Preliminary  surveys  of  the  projected 
railroad  from  Tucson  to  Port  Lobos,  on 
the  Gulf  of  California,  have  been  com- 
pleted F.  M.  Murphy,  president  of  the 
Development  Company  of  America,  is  at 
the   head  of  the  railway   company. 

Gila  County 

Live  Oak — The  most  important  devel- 
opment that  has  occurred  recently  at  this 
property  was  the  finding  of  ore  in  drill 
hole  No.  33,  400  ft.  south  of  any  previous 
hole.  Ore  was  first  struck  at  80  ft.  and 
continued  downward  to  140  ft.,  when  the 
drill  passed  into  silicious  material  mixed 
with  the  chalcocite.  For  60  ft.,  however, 
the  ore  was  of  average  grade,  over  2  per 
cent.  Another  hole  is  now  being  sunk 
200  ft.  south  of  hole  No.  33.  Hole  No. 
32,  several  hundred  feet  east  of  the  ver- 
tical shaft,  found  the  ore  at  that  place 
to  be  100  ft.  thick.  Five  holes  are  being 
drilled  at  present.    One  of  them  is  on  the 


western  boundary  of  the  property  auik 
should  ore  be  found  there  in  quantity, 
another  great  extension  of  the  orebodv 
would  he  proved  as  this  hole  is  400  ft. 
west  of  the  previous  hole.  The  manage- 
ment will  purchase  two  more  churn  drills, 
making  the  total  seven.  M.  McCarthy, 
Globe,  is  general  manager. 

Warrior — The  Warrior  Development 
Company  is  extracting  about  100  tons 
daily  for  shipment  to  the  Old  Dominion 
by  the  Miami  railroad  terminal.  The  ore 
runs  about  9'j  per  cent,  copper  and  is 
chrysocolla.  New  ore  is  being  found  in 
the  west  end  of  the  mine  on  and  above 
the  300- ft  level.  The  vein  there  ranges  in 
width  from  25  to  40  feet. 

Arizona  Commercial — On  the  seventh 
level  drilling  of  the  seventh  diamond-drill 
hole  has  been  discontinued  before  strik- 
ing the  Black  Hawk  vein,  on  account  of 
a  bit  having  been  lost.  The  prospecting 
of  the  western  part  of  the  property  will 
be  continued. 

Santa  Cruz  County 
California  &  Paradise — This  property 
has  closed  the  Leadville  shaft  and  ceased 
operations. 


California 

Butte  County 

St.  Francis — Eugene  Schmidt  and  his 
brother  are  doing  well  with  their  quartz 
mine  at  Enterprise  and  have  ordered  an 
additional  ten  stamps  for  the  20-stamp 
mill. 

Eldorado  County 

Good  Luck — Ore  is  being  taken  from 
two  shafts  of  this  mine  at  Rescue.  R. 
Mitchell,  superintendent.  Eighteen  men 
are  at  work. 

Leap  Year — Work  has  commenced  on 
this  claim  east  of  the  Union  mine  at 
Eldorado.    J.  Schuppe  is  the  operator. 

Kern  County 

C.  J.  Teagle,  of  Johannisberg,  has 
bonded  his  placers  at  Summit,  seven  miles 
north  of  Randsburg,  and  H.  E.  Cunning- 
ham is  sampling  and  testing  the  ground. 

Graham  &  Jones — At  this  mine  in  the 
Argus  range,  a  large  body  of  low-grade 
ore  is  being  opened  up  on  several  levels. 
The  mine  is  equipped  with  a  Sampson 
mill  and  a  cyanide  plant. 

Mariposa  County 

Merced  Placer  Mines  Company — This 

company    has    commenced    working    the 

ground  on  the  hillside  a  mile  and  a  half 

above   Merced    falls    where    there    is   an 


old  river  channel.  An  electric  motor  op- 
erates a  three-stage  Krogh  pump,  fur- 
nishing water  under  pressure  to  a 
hydraulic  giant.  The  boulders  and  tail- 
ings are  washed  through  a  cut  to  low 
ground.  This  ground  has  before  been 
worked  only  in  a  desultory  manner. 
Lawrence  V.  Calder  is  president. 

Modoc  County 

Fort  Bidwell  Consolidated — -This  com- 
pany has  succeeded  in  getting  the  ma- 
chinery for  its  mill  in  before  the  snow 
came,  and  it  is  expected  it  will  be  in  op- 
eration soon.     J.  M.  Stone  is  manager. 

Mono  County 

Treasure  Hill — Arrangements  are  be- 
ing made  to  open  this  mine  at  Bridge- 
port shortly. 

Casa  Diablo — The  10-stamp  mill  is 
crushing  36  tons  of  ore  daily,  the  water 
being  pumped  8  miles.  A  cyanide  plant 
will  be  shortly  installed.  W.  H.  Smith, 
Bodie,   is   superintendent. 

Nevada  County  i 

Gaston — After  three  years'  work  the 
5000-ft.  tunnel  of  this  mine  at  Wash- 
ington has  been  completed.  The  tunnel 
is  800  ft.  below  the  working  tunnel  and 
will  drain  the  mine.  There  is  a  40-stamp 
mill  on  the  property  and  20  stamps  are 
kept  busy.  There  are  also  two  large 
compressors  and  other  equipment. 

Grover-Murphy — This  quartz  mine  in 
the  Hirshman  hydraulic  diggings  near 
Nevada  City,  which  has  been  operated 
for  two  years  by  a  company  of  Honolulu 
capitalists,  has  finally  been  purchased 
outright  by  them  and  is  under  superin- 
tendency  of  Harry  Gray.  Hoist,  pumps 
and  compressor  have  been  provided.  The 
incline  shaft  is  down  350  ft.  and  drifts 
are  being  run. 

Golden  Gate — This  mine  at  Grass  Val- 
ley, W.  P.  Martin  superintendent,  has 
been  reopened  and  new  hoisting  ma- 
chinery will  be  put  in.  The  shaft  is  be- 
low the  600-ft.  level.  The  company  has 
taken  a  bond  on  the  Alpha  claim  adjoin- 
ing.    C.  C.  Haub  is  president. 

Pittsburg — A  fire  destroyed  the  hoist- 
ing works  of  this  mine  at  Nevada 
City  and  did  other  damage.  All  dam- 
ages are  being  repaired  as  rapidly  as 
possible  and  while  at  this  work  it  has 
been  decided  to  add  10  stamps  to  the  10 
already  in  the  mill. 

Plumas  County 
Crescent  Hill — At  this  mine.  Crescent, 
owned  by  W.  E.  Oddie,  a  Chilian  mill  is 
being  put  up  to  crush  25  tons  daily. 


r 


December  3,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1125 


Pacific  Mines  Corporation — This  com- 
pany, of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  of  which  John 
Hays  Hammond  is  president  and  John 
N.  Beckley,  of  Rochester,  vice-president, 
has  acquired  the  Bagdad-Chase  and 
Roosvelt  mines  near  Ludlow.  Frank  A. 
Keith  is  manager  and  A.  T.  Johnson  su- 
perintendent. 

Shasta  County 

Afterthought — This  copper  company  is 
under  investigation  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  for 
alleged  fraud.  Theodore  S.  Henderson, 
the  president,  has  been  arrested. 

Midas — This  mine  at  Knob  is  making 
a  splendid  showing  of  ore  on  the  1500 
level. 

Monarch — This  new  mine,  two  miles 
from   Redding,  is  shipping  gold  ore. 

Sierra  County 

W.  E.  Olmsted,  of  Eureka,  Humboldt 
:ounty,  has  found  the  channel  of  a 
luried  river  1000  ft.  above  the  Trinity 
iver,  near  the  Trinity-Humboldt  line,  and 
s  arranging  to  bring  in  water  for 
iydraulicking. 

Red  Star — In  this  mine  at  Alleghany, 
idward  Brindle  superintendent,  very  rich 
re  has  been  found  in  the  tunnel  started 
rem  the  Eureka  to  the  Red  Star. 

Sixteen-to-One — This  famous  Alle- 
hany  mine  is  to  be  worked  under  bond 
y  J.  E.  Lee  and  others,  of  San  Francisco, 
n  electric  plant  will  be  installed  for 
Derating  the  hoist  and  pumps  and  a 
laft    will    be    sunk    from    the    working 

nnel. 

Butte  Saddle — It  is  reported  that  this 
erra  City  mine  has  been  sold  to  East- 
n  men. 

Sovereign — In  the  lower  tunnel  of  this 
ine,  Ladies  canon,  F.  O.  Richardson 
perintendent,  the  vein  has  been  found 
0  ft.  below  the  croppings. 
Trinity  County 
Hunter — Robert  Hicks  has  sold  his  h?lf 
erest  in  this  mine  at  New  River  to  his 
rtner,  John  Hennessy,  of  Burnt  ranch. 
e  mine  is  equipped  with  a  10-stamp 
11. 

Tuolumne  County 
Tarantula — The  mill  at  this  mine.  Jack- 
I  iville,    owned    by    the    United    Mining 
'  mpany,  will  soon  be  ready. 


Colorado 

Lake  County— Leadville 
Ula  .Heeler — In  this  Iowa  Gulch  mine, 
J  3.  Moore  and  George  Higgins,  lessees. 
Bsr  six  months  prospecting  work,  by 
d.'ing  the  old  tunnel  (which  is  now  in 
8'  ft.),  have  opened  a  vein  of  silver- 
I'l  ore,  which  yields  at  the  rate  of  S85 
P  ton. 

ittle  Giant — The  carbonate  of  zinc 
d  :overies  seem  to  be  heading  distinctly 
*tard  the  south,  as  evidenced  by  the 
l»|St  discovery  of  a  good  body  of  this 
O'Tn  the  Little  Giant,  on  Carbonate  hill, 
"lining  the  Yankee  Doodle.     It  is  stat- 


ed now  that  the  carbonate  of  zinc  ship- 
ments for  this  month  will  probably  reach 
3000  tons,  most  of  it  coming  from  Car- 
bonate and  Fryer  hills. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Stratton  Estate—In  the  eighth  level  of 
the  American  Eagles  Mine,  Nims  &  Co., 
lessees,  are  reported  to  have  opened  a 
body  of  ore  4  ft.  wide,  showing  sylvan- 
ite.  It  is  stated  that  1 1  out  of  the  18  sets  of 
leasers  at  work  on  this  property  are  in 
ore,  and  nearly  all  shipping  smelting  ore. 

Jack  Pot — This  mine  will,  on  Dec.  I, 
be  connected  with  the  Anaconda  mill,  on 
Gold  hill,  by  bucket  tram,  and  the  ore 
will  be  treated  there.  During  the  past 
three  months,  the  tonnage  shipped  by  the 
leasers  was  1947  tons  of  ore,  average 
value  of  $17.50  per  ton. 

Gold  King— The  EI  Paso  Gold  King 
still  continues  to  produce  regularly,  and 
three  cars  of  mill  ore  were  shipped  this 
week  by  Owen  Roberts,  lessee. 

Isabella — The  leasers  on  this  com- 
pany's properties  will  this  month  have 
produced  approximately  1500  tons  of  ore, 
estimated  at  a  value  of  1  oz.  gold  per  ton. 
A  Seattle  company  has  taken  a  three- 
years'  lease  on  the  mill  and  tailings 
dump. 

li'ild  Horse — On  this  mine  some  years 
.igo  the  first  cyanide  mill  in  the  district 
was  built,  and  when  the  oxidized  ores 
ran  into  tellurides,  the  mill  was  unable 
to  handle  the  product  and  was  shut  down. 
Now  it  has  been  altered  by  the  addition 
of  concentrating  tables,  and  the  lessees 
of  the  mine  and  mill,  Hemby  &  Ander- 
son, are  treating  50  tons  per  day. 

Jerry  Johnson — The  Gaylord  lease  on 
this  mine  is  shipping  about  2000  tons  per 
month.  There  is  a  reserve  of  $50,000  in 
the  Jerry  Johnson  treasury,  and  a  divi- 
dend of  S25,000.  has  Just  been  paid  to 
the  stockholders. 

Portland — The  Portland  mill,  on  Battle 
mountain,  is  now  said  to  be  treating  100 
tons  per  day  at  a  cost  of  not  to  exceed  $2 
per  ton. 

Blue  Bird-  This  mine,  on  Bull  hill,  is 
shipping  from  20  to  25  cars  a  month, 
and  the  shaft  will  be  sunk  from  1300  ft. 
to   1500  ft. 

Maggie — Five  cars  per  week  of  smelt- 
ing ore  are  being  shipped  from  this  mine, 
on  Bull  hill,  by  Carl  Johnson,  leaser.  The 
width  of  the  ore  is  2  to  4  ft.,  and  the 
length  of  the  shoot  200  ft.  It  is  stated 
to  average  4  oz.  gold  per  ton. 

Idaho 

Couer  d'Alene  District 
Caledonia — Work  on  the  tunnel  has  be- 
gun.    Charles  McKinnis  is  manager.     A 
mill  is  planned. 

Leroy — This  company  has  been  formed 
to  operate  claims  adjoining  the  Monitor. 
H.  J.  Rosse  is  president. 
Marsh — The  third  and  final  payment  of 


S50,000  has  been  made  by  the  bonders  of 
the  Marsh  group  of  lead-silver  claims. 
The  bond  was  given  a  year  ago  to  C.  L. 
Cowell,  of  Missoula,  Pohlman  Brothers 
and  John  A.  White,  of  Spokane,  and  as- 
sociates. It  was  for  $150,000  and  had  a 
year  to  run.  The  old  owners  were  Mark 
Cooney,  Frank  Murphy,  John  Kelly  and 
P.  D.  Lambert.  Shipments  will  start  at 
once. 

Stewart — The    mill    has    increased    its* 
output   from   800   tons   of  concentrates  a 
month  to  1200  tons  a  month.     The  aver- 
age feed  daily,   16  hours  a  day,  for  the 
mill  is  280  tons  of  crude  ore. 


Indiana 
Greene  County 

Fire  broke  out  in  the  fan  room  at  the 
Bogel  mine,  Nov.  21.  The  Jasonville  fire 
department  arrived  too  late  to  be  of  any 
assistance,  owing  to  the  distance  of  the 
mine  from  the  town.  The  origin  of  the 
tire  is  unknown.  The  fan  room  and  the 
timbers  lining  the  air  shaft  were  burned. 

Mine  rescue  car  No.  3  was  stationed 
at  Linton  during  the  past  week,  the  ex- 
perts in  charge  giving  instructions  to 
all  miners  who  wished  them. 

The  new  Sponsler  mine  has  begun 
hoisting  coal.  This  shaft  was  sunk  to  get 
coal  that  could  not  be  reached  from  the 
old  mine. 

St.  Joseph  County 
Elkfork  Coal  and  Mining  Company — 
Incorporated  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$600,000  to  prospect  for,  locate  and  dis- 
cover coal  and  other  minerals,  to  acquire 
and  develop  coal  lands.  The  principal 
place  of  business  is  at  Mishawaka,  Ind., 
and  the  mining  operations  will  be  carried 
on  in  Indiana  and  adjoining  States. 
James  A.  Roper,  W.  H.  Hubbard,  Henry 
G.  Miles,  J.  H.  Fulmer,  A.  B.  Graham 
and  R.  G.  Graham,  incorporators. 

Vanderburc  County 
There  is  a  shortage  of  coal  miners  in 
the  southern  Indiana  field  and  to  this  is 
attributed,  in  a  measure  at  least,  the 
scarcity  of  coal.  The  Diamond  coal 
mine,  near  Evansville,  has  been  advertis- 
ing for  coal  miners.  The  Banner, 
Worsham-Newburg  and  other  mines  in 
this  district  are  also  short  of  tniners. 

The  long  desired  rise  in  the  Ohio  river 
is  at  last  reported  and  heavy  shipments 
of  coal  are  being  received  from  Pittsburg. 
Considerable  Indiana  coal  is  being  start- 
ed south  on  the  rise.  There  has  not  been 
a  coal  stage  on  the  Ohio  river  for  six 
months. 

Warrick  County 
Efforts  to  determine  the  extent  of  the 
fire  damage  in  the  Menden  coal  mine, 
near  Booneville,  will  not  be  made  for 
several  days.  The  mine  remains  sealed. 
C.  H.  Menden  is  the  principal  owner. 
There  is  strong  evidence,  it  is  alleged, 
that  the  mine  was  set  on  fire. 


1126 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


Michigan 
Copper 

Michigan — The  company  has  begun 
limited  rock  shipments  to  its  mill,  the 
rock  being  taken  from  the  stock  pile  ac- 
cumulated during  the  opening  on  the  Bee 
tract  and  also  from  the  rock  that  is  being 
hoisted  from  these  openings.  The  com- 
pany will  continue  drill  explorations. 

Adventure — The  vertical  shaft  at  this 
property  is  being  sunk  toward  the  sec- 
ond of  the  series  of  lodes  known  to  exist 
on  these  lands  below  1000  ft.  Nothing 
has  been  done  toward  lateral  opening  on 
the  first  of  these  penetrated  by  the  shaft. 

Mass — The  development  of  the  Butler 
lode  by  the  upper  levels  of  "C"  shaft 
eastward  are  very  encouraging  and  as  a 
result  it  has  been  decided  to  unwater  "B" 
shaft  and  extend  the  lower  levels  west- 
vnrd  toward  "C"  shaft  to  ascertain  if  this 
encouraging  run  of  ground  continues  with 
depth.  "B"  shaft  has  been  bottomed  for 
a  number  of  years  at  the  18th  level.  This 
company  is  also  opening  the  Ogima  and 
Knowlton  lodes  at  several  points  tribu- 
tary to  "C"  shaft. 

Lake — The  new  boiler  and  compressor 
house  has  been  completed  and  the  erec- 
tion of  the  machinery  will  soon  be  un- 
der way.  With  this  equipment  a  more 
progressive  development  policy  can  be 
pursued  as  the  present  compressor  is 
limited  to  10  drills.  The  shaft  is  nearing 
the  point  where  the  eighth  level  will  be 
established.  The  crosscut  at  the  seventh 
level  has  gone  through  the  lode  and 
found  it  to  be  115  ft.  wide  containing  a 
mixture  of  copper  bearing  and  poor 
ground. 

Iron 

Swanson — The  Foundation  Company, 
of  New  York,  has  taken  a  contract  to 
sink  a  shaft  on  this  property  in  the  Iron 
River  district  for  the  Rogers-Brown  com- 
pany.    The  overburden  is  135  ft.  deep. 

liarasa — Pumping  has  been  started  on 
this  property  at  Negaunee  under  charge 
of  Richard  Nicholls,  of  Crystal  Falls. 
Corrigan-McKinney  have  an  option  on  the 
property. 


Montana 

Butte  District 

The  damage  and  injunction  suit  of 
North  Butte  against  Tuolumne  has  been 
formally  dismissed  in  the  district  court 
and  judgment  entered  in  accordance  with 
a  compromise  agreement  reached  by  en- 
gineers and  attorneys  of  the  two  com- 
panies. In  the  settlement  of  the  North 
Butte-Tuolumne  litigation  North  Butte 
grants  Tuolumne  complete  ownership  of 
the  jointly  owned  piece  of  Tuolumne 
ground  in  which  the  North  Tuolumne 
vein  has  its  apex.  Tuolumne  concedes 
to  North  Butte  absolute  ownership  of  all 
of  the  Jessie  vein,  title  to  which  it  had 
disputed.      On    the    other    hand.    North 


Butte  admits  Tuolumne's  contention  that 
the  two  veins  unite  at  a  depth  of  400 
feet.  It  is  conceded  that  Tuolumne  owns 
what  is  termed  the  North  Tuolumne 
vein,  after  junction  from  the  east-end  line 
of  the  Jessie  vein  to  a  point  designated 
as  the  412-foot  vertical  plat.  The  de- 
cree indicates  a  compromise  in  which 
both  sides  have  made  important  conces- 
rions.  Tuolumne  will  continue  as  an  in- 
dependent  operating  company. 

East  Butte — The  agreement  under 
which  the  company  acquired  control  of 
the  Pittsmont  property  provided  that  the 
indebtedness  of  the  Pittsmont  company 
should  be  paid  by  Dec.  1,  1910.  Owing 
to  unfavorable  conditions  in  the  copper 
market  which  has  prevented  the  East 
Butte  company  from  paying  up  all  of 
these  liabilities,  the  Pittsmont  company 
has  extended  the  time  for  payment  to 
Dec.  1,  1911.  At  the  smeltery  one  of  the 
two  blast  furnaces  is  now  in  operation. 

Butte  &  Ballaklava — Walter  Harvey 
Weed  is  making  a  thorough  examination 
of  the  property  for  the  purpose  of  the 
pending  litigation  with  the  Anaconda 
company. 

Tuolumne — Shipments  are  being  made 
to  East  Butte  at  the  rate  of  200  tons 
daily,  the  ore  coming  from  the  10-,  12-, 
and  1400- ft.  levels.  On  the  400- ft.  level 
the  orebody  is  being  drifted  open  to  the 
west.  On  the  1200-ft.  level  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  station  has  been  completed. 

Nevada 

Esmeralda  County 

Gold  field  Consolidated — Construction 
on  the  surface-plant  improvements  is 
nearing  completion.  The  storage-battery 
buildings  and  the  new  assay  office,  be- 
tween the  Mohawk  and  Clermont  mines, 
are  practically  complete.  The  big  con- 
verter, which  is  to  supply  the  storage 
batteries,  is  in  place.  The  steel  gallows 
frame  and  hoisting  equipment  at  the 
Laguna  are  in  commission,  as  is  also  the 
150-h.p.  electric  hoist  at  the  Mohawk. 
The  motors  for  the  250-h.p.  hoist  at  the 
Clermont  are  ready  for  installation.  At 
the  mill  the  refinery  is  ready,  and  the 
dismantling  the  old  plant  has  commenced. 
The  new  building  is  of  steel  and  con 
Crete,  absolutely  fireproof.  The  new 
boiler  plant  at  the  mill  is  running  satis- 
factory. 

Atlanta — Five  lessees  are  operating. 
On  the  730-ft.  level  the  Precious  Metals 
Company  is  doing  extensive  exploration. 

Nye  County 

Nevada  Reduction  Company — The 
Lemon  mill,  at  Manhattan,  has  been  re- 
modeled and  has  started  on  a  1200-ton 
run  from  the  Swander  lease  on  the 
Earl.  Leaching  equipment  has  been  dis- 
carded, and  the  gasolene  engines  have 
been   replaced    with   electric   motors. 

Pigeon    Springs — The     10-stamp     mill. 


idle  for  several  years,  will  be  put  in 
operation  shortly  on  ore  from  the  Lida 
Queen  property. 

Tonopah — Work  has  been  suspended 
on  the  new  Sandgrass  shaft,  pending  re- 
sults of  diamond-drill  prospecting  in  the 
vicinity. 

Round  Mountain — This  company,  J.  R. 
Davis,  president,  has  suspended  dividends 
until  the  settlement  of  the  Davidson  suit 
for  ore  trespass. 

White  Pine  County 
Nevada  Consolidated — Owing  to  the 
shortage  of  water  at  Copper  Flat,  work 
in  the  steam-shovel  pit  on  the  Liberty 
claim  has  been  temporarily  discontinued. 
The  shutting  down  of  the  Liberty  pit  will 
not  affect  the  ore  output,  as  the  work 
was  entirely  on  development. 

Giroux — The  company  has  filed  suit 
before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis- 
sion to  establish  through  rates  and  joint 
rates  from  Chicago  and  Missouri  River 
points  and  Denver  and  Pueblo,  covering 
all  commodities  and  classes  of  freight 
moving  to  points  on  the  Nevada  Northern 
railroad  from  eastern  points.  What  are 
considered  to  be  exorbitant  charges  by 
the  Nevada  Northern  is  the  basis  of  this 
complaint. 

New   Mexico 

Chino — The  ore  development  on  Nov. 
1  was  estimated  at  30,671,827  tons,  aver- 
aging 2.6  per  cent,  copper.  The  mill  under 
erection  at  Hurley,  nine  miles  from  the 
mine,  is  to  be  initially  of  3000^  tons- daily 
capacity,  or  say  1,100,000  tons  per  an- 
num, indicating  a  copper  production  of 
about  35,000,000  lb.  The  company  has 
now  approximately  51,000,000  cash  on 
hand. 


New  York 

Burden — These  iron  mines,  near  Hud- 
son, have  been  sold  at  referee's  sale  to 
Clarence  E.  Niblett,  of  Lyon  Mountain, 
N.  Y, 


of  La-    V 


Oklahoma 

The  Oklahoma  State  Federation 
bor  has  commenced  a  campaign  for  State- 
owned  mines.  Public  opinion  has  been 
aroused  by  the  action  of  coal-mine  o^^•n- 
ers  who  have  closed  their  shafts  because 
of  union   demands. 

Oregon 

Baker  County 

Oroville  Gold  Dredging — This  companj 
has  moved  its  machinery  to  Salisbury  and 
will  prospect  several  hundred  acres  neai 
there. 

Cougar — This  property  has  been  soK 
to  E.  D.  Saunders,  of  Spokane,  for  a  re 
ported  price  of  S275,000  cash.  The  mim 
is  extensively  developed  and  is  equippei 
with  a  180-ton  cyanide  mill.  Fasten 
capital  is  interested  with   Mr.  Saunders    fji 


■' 


December  3,    1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1127 


who  was  at  one  time  one  of  the  owners 
of  the  Le  Roi  mine  at  Rossland,  B.  C. 

Lane  County 

Blue  Bird— The  50-ton  reduction  plant 
on  this  property  is  in  operation.  S.  M. 
Carter,  Blue  River,  is  manager. 

South  Dakota 

Golden  Reward — This  company,  under 
the  management  of  Henry  Schnitzel,  has 
developed  a  body  of  ore  in  the  Mikado 
ground,  1500  ft.  long.  The  relation  of 
this  to  other  orebodies  of  the  flat  forma- 
tion has  not  been  ascertained.  It  is  un- 
oxidized,  and  contains  pyrite.  Experi- 
nients  are  being  made  with  heap  roast- 
ing preparatory  to  treatment  at  the  cya- 
nide plant  at  Deadwood. 

Homestake — This  company  has  notified 
its  men  that  the  services  of  the  medical 
dtpanment,  the  hospital,  and  all  neces- 
sary medicines,  will  be  entirely  free  to  all 
employees  and  their  families.  Hitherto 
1  charge  of  SI  per  month  has  been  made 
for  hospital  dues,  in  addition  to  the  SI 
;harge  for  the  insurance  or  "Aid  Fund," 
ind  up  to  1910  a  small  additional  charge 
vas  made  for  medicines  supplied.  The 
:ost  to  the  company  is  estimated  at  S50,- 
)00  per  year. 

Tennessee 

Tennessee  Copper  Company — The  U. 
.  Supreme  Court  has  decided  in  favor 
f  this  company  in  the  case  wherein  citi- 
ens  of  Georgia  sought  to  obtain  dam- 
ges  from  smoke  coming  from  the  coni- 
any's  smelting  works. 

Durham  Coal  and  Iron  Company — This 
impany  has  been  organized  with  a  cap- 
al  of  S10,000.0(M.  Charles  B.  Eddy, 
f   New   York,    is    president,    and    C.    H. 

nith,  recently  with  the  Davis  Coal  and 
oke  Company,  is  general  manager.    The 

ain  office  will  be  at  Chattanooga.  The 
impany  will  take  over  several  operating 
■mpanies  and  its  property  will  include  a 

,rge  tract  of  coal  lands  on  Waldens  Ridge. 

irth    of    Chattanooga,     and     a    smaller 

let  in  Roane  county.  The  mines  already 
operation  on  these  tracts  have  a  pro- 

iction  of  nearly    1,000,000  tons  of  coal 

year. 

Standard     Phosphate     and     Chemical 

impany — This  company  has  acquired, 
a  royalty   basis,  the   Alexander-Kille- 

:w       and       the       Carpenter-Killebre* 

icts,      adjoining     its       holdings      near 

.  Pleasant.  These  tracts  comprise  351 
•  res  in  one  body.    The  phosphate  will  be 

ndled  by  a  large  plant  being  erected 
t  Hoover  &  Mason,  engineers  in  charge. 

ward  A.  Turner,  of  Chicago,  is  pres- 
nt  of  the  Standard  company. 

Utah 
Beaver  County 
The  Bradshaw  district  in  the  low  hills 
ijrtheast   of   Milford,    and   Jarloose,   the 
f*'  camp   about    15  miles   southwest   of 


Milford,  are  attracting  some  attention 
from  Beaver  county  interests. 

South  Utah — The  mill  capacity  is  be- 
ing increased,  and  shipments  of  about 
75  tons  of  concentrates  daily  have  been 
started.  The  amount  a  month  ago  was 
40  to  50  tons. 

White  Rock — Sinking  is  being  done  on 
this  property  five  miles  southwest  of  Mil- 
ford. At  12  ft.  the  vein  was  14  in.  wide, 
and  at  100  ft.  had  increased  to  24  in.  A 
drift  50  ft.  to  the  east  on  this  level  has 
been  in  ore  all  the  way.  One  shipment 
hsa  been  made.  The  ore  carries  lead 
and  silver,  with  some  gold. 

Cedar-Talisman — Some  of  the  old 
workings  are  being  cleaned  out,  and  de- 
velopment carried  on  as  rapidly  as  possi- 
ble. There  are  five  faces  of  ore  exposed, 
which  assay  from  37  to  52  per  cent, 
zmc,  and  from  19  to  21  per  cent,  lead, 
with  38  oz.  and  upward  in  silver. 

Juab  County 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell — Timbering  of  the 
new  shaft  was  finished  to  the  1000- ft. 
level  Nov.  17,  and  the  new  hoist  has 
been  put  in  operation.  A  sump  is  being 
sunk  below  the  1000- ft.  level.  The  shaft 
provides  better  air  and  a  cheaper  way  of 
access    for   development   and    mining. 

King  William — Two  shifts  are  em- 
ployed in  developing  this  property 
through  the  Eagle  &  Blue  Bell. 

Reck  Tunnel — .\  drift  is  being  driven 
for  the  orebody  which  is  thought  to  ex- 
tend from  the  Uncle  Sam  into  this 
ground.  The  face  is  in  125  ft.,  and  there 
is  335   ft.  more  to  go. 

Mammoth — Drifting  is  being  done  on 
the  1300-  and  2100-ft.  levels.  The  lat- 
ter is  being  driven  in  search  of  the  ore- 
body  found  on  the  1900.  Shipments  will 
be  suspended  for  several  weeks  while  de- 
velopment is  in  progress. 

Opnhongo — Arrangements  have  been 
completed  for  the  building  of  a  railroad 
spur  to  the  Opohongo  and  Gold  Chain 
properties,  which  will  greatly  reduce 
shipping  expenses.  Extensive  develop- 
nient  will  be  done  before  shipments. 
Only  ore  broken  down  in  working  is  be- 
ing mined.  This  carries  principally  gold 
and  copper,  and  what  has  been  extracted 
to  date  is  said  to  have  paid  expenses. 
Ore  has  been  opened  on  the  500- ft.  level, 
and  has  been  followed  to  a  depth  of  900 
ft.  The  property  has  a  small  area,  but 
has  opened  a  very  productive  orebody.  It 
is  surrounded  by  the  Black  Jack,  Ajax 
and  Gold  Chain. 

Gold  Chain — In  this  property  the  chief 
work  is  being  done  on  the  third  and 
fourth  levels,  where  ore  running  well  in 
gold,  silver  and  copper  is  being  devel- 
oped. 

Black  Jack — Little  change  is  reported 
on  the  1000-ft.  level.  The  ore  here  is 
in  broken  ground,  and  of  low  grade,  but 
the   showing   is  promising.     A   raise   will 


be  started  from  this  level.  On  the  220- 
ft.  level  east  drifting  is  being  done 
toward   the   Opohongo. 

/Vlon/n/ia  — The  title  to  the  ground  and 
equipment  has  been  settled  and  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  original  owners. 
.'Vnnual  assessment  work  is  being  done. 
The  ground  is  in  the  East  Tintic,  east 
of  the  Colorado. 

Yankee — The  shaft,  being  sunk  under 
contract,  is  near  the  1300  level.  A  con- 
tract to  sink  to  the  1700  will  be  given. 
Water  has  been  encountered,  and  a  drift 
will  be  driven  at  the  1300  for  drainage. 
Quartz  carrying  gold  and  silver  has  been 
encountered  in  sinking.  All  of  assess- 
ment No.  3  has  been  paid. 

Cuban — Drifting  is  being  done  on  this 
claim  in  North  Tintic  from  the  50-ft. 
level  of  the  shaft.  Quartz  and  spar  have 
been  encountered.  It  is  thought  that  the 
Gemini  and  Ridge  &  Valley  vein  may  ex- 
tend through  the  property. 

Eurcka-Comstock — Several  claims  ad- 
joining the  North  Colorado  have  been  ac- 
quired from  James  Larsen  by  this  com- 
pany. Work  will  be  continued  in  the 
shaft  on  one  of  the  new  claims.  The 
shaft  on  the  original  Eureka-Comstock 
ground  is  being  timbered.  There  is  a 
showing  of  iron-stained  quartz  in  the 
sides  and  bottom. 

Iron  Blossom — Shipping  ore  has  been 
found  in  the  cave  by  sinking  a  10-ft. 
winze.  The  500  level  is  being  driven 
toward  this  point.  The  question  as  to  the 
disposition  of  the  silicious  gold-silver 
ores  from  the  scuth  shaft  is  being  con- 
sidered. A  large  tonnage  of  this  class  of 
ore  has  been  blocked  out.  It  is  reported 
that  strong  interests  have  offered  to  build 
a  milling  plant  of  150  tons  capacity,  and 
will  cyanide  the  ores  on  favorable  terms. 
No  definite  arrangements  have  been  an- 
nounced. 

Colorado — At  the  annual  meeting  Nov. 
19  the  Knight  directorate  was  reelected. 
The  report  showed  that  development 
during  the  year  was  carried  on  from  the 
two  shafts,  the  No.  1  shaft  providing  the 
main  part  of  the  ore.  There  were  mar- 
keted during  the  year  25,654  tons  of  ore, 
the  gross  value  of  which  was  S823,712.  or 
a  little  over  S32  per  ton.  Freight  and 
smelter  charges  amounted  to  S244,445, 
leaving  S579,26S  net.  The  receipts  dur- 
ing the  year  were  S62ti,798,  which  with 
cash  on  hand  brought  the  total  to  S659,- 
185.  There  were  paid  in  dividends  S400.- 
000.  and  operating  expenses  were  S164,- 
054,  leaving  cash  on  hand  Nov.,  1910,  of 
S95,130.  The  total  dividends  to  date 
amount  to  S2,270,000. 

Union  Chief — This  property,  in  the 
Santaquin  district  has  three  cars  of  sil- 
ver-lead ore  on  the  market.  Much  devel- 
opment and  road  building  has  bf'en  done 
during  the  past  few  months.  There  are 
seven  faces  of  shipping  ore  exposed.  G. 
L.  Bemis  is  president  and  manager. 


1128 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


] 


Salt  Lake  County 


Utah  Copper  Company — Remodeling 
of  the  Magna  mill  has  been  completed. 
Work  on  the  Arthur  mill  is  in  progress. 
When  completed  the  former  will  have  a 
capacity  for  13,000  tons  of  ore  per  day 
and  the  latter  for  7000  tons. 

Garfield  Smelting  Company — The  sixth 
reverberatory  furnace  will  shortly  be 
put  in  operation,  giving  the  plant  an  ad- 
ditional capacity  of  300  tons  daily. 

Montana-Bingham — The  milling  ore 
encountered  in  the  400- ft.  tunnel  is  re- 
ported about  100  ft.  wide,  and  contains 
higher-grade  streaks  running  well  in  cop- 
per and  silver. 

Howell  Mining  Company — The  Baby 
McKee  and  Park  City  Mines  and  Power 
Company's  claims  in  the  south  fork  of 
Big  Cottonwood  have  been  consolidated 
under  the  above  name.  The  property  ad- 
joins the  Cardiff,  and  is  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  divide  from  the  Columbus 
Consolidated  and  the  Columbus  Exten- 
sion, of  Alta.  The  owners  say  they  have 
the  same  contact  as  the  Columbus  Con- 
solidated. Work  is  being  done  in  a  tun- 
nel on  the  Baby  McKee  section,  and  a 
fissure  carrying  from  1  to  5  ft.  of  ore 
has  been  cut  and  drifted  on.  Fifteen  men 
are  working,  and  some  shipments  are  be- 
ing made.  The  ore  is  hauled  25  miles 
to  Murray,  at  a  cost  of  ?5  per  ton. 

Summit  County 

Little  Bell — The  new  mill  began  treat- 
ing ore  Nov.  17.  The  initial  capacity  is 
50  tons  daily,  although  arrangements 
have  been  made  so  that  this  can  be  in- 
creased. The  equipment  in  part  consists 
of  two  jigs,  three  Wilfley,  and  three  Card 
tables,  two  Callow'  screens,  seven  Callow 
tanks,  one  vanner  and  one  Janney  classi- 
fier. 


Washington 

Chelan  County 

According  to  E.  H.  Rothbert,  general 
manager  of  the  company,  the  Washing- 
ton Steel  and  Iron  Company,  of  Spokane, 
is  preparing  to  erect  a  plant  at  Leaven- 
worth, for  the  purpose  of  using  the  Roth- 
bert process  for  smelting  magnteic  iron 
ore  and  producing  tool  steel.  Oil-burn- 
ing furnaces  of  special  design  will  be 
used. 

Ferry  County 
First  Thought — Patrick   Burns.   Orient, 
owner,  is  considering  the  construction  of  a 
cyanide  plant. 

Okanogan  County 

Peacock — A  strike  is  reported  on  this 
property  near  Conconully.  R.  A.  Hutch- 
inson has  charge. 

Cathedral  Peak — These  tungsten  claims 
have  been  purchased  by  Judge  Albert 
Allen,  of  Spokane,  who  will  begin  devel- 
opment. 


King  County 

Apex — Preparations  are  being  made  for 
the  enlargement  of  the  plant  at  this  mine 
near  Berlin.  The  plans  include  com- 
pressor, increase  in  the  electric  power 
plant.  Abner  GifBn,  of  Seattle,  is  inter- 
ested. 

Stevens  County 

Eagle — A  concentrating  plant  is  being 
erected  on  this  property  near  Newport. 
A.  L.  Reis  has  charge. 


West  Virginia 

Harrison  County 

Righter  Coal  and  Coke  Company — This 
company  is  developing  700  acres  of  coal 
land.  The  daily  capacity  will  be  from 
2000  to  2500  tons  of  coal.  The  con- 
tracts have  been  let  for  the  erection  of 
the  houses,  tipple,  store  and  barn,  and 
the  equipment  has  been  prfrchasd.  Dud- 
ley D.  Britt,  of  Clarksburg,  is  engineer 
in    charge. 

Nolte-Selway  Coal  Company — This 
company  has  its  principal  office  in  Wheel- 
ing but  operations  located  in  this  county. 
The  incorporators  are  D.  W.  Selway,  of 
Cadiz,  D.,  and  A.  E.  Nolte  and  others,  of 
Wheeling. 

McDowell  County 

Tidewater  Coal  and  Coke  Company — 
This  company  is  installing  a  coal  breaker 
at  Vivian  which  will  separate  the  coal 
from  the  slate  and  bone.  Millions  of  tons 
of  this  culm  are  now  on  the  dumps  of  this 
district  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  new 
breaker  will  prove  that  this  waste  of  fuel 
need  no  longer  occur. 

Pocahontas  Coal  and  Coke  Company — 
The  headquarters  building,  which  is  now 
being  erected  at  Bluefield  is  nearing  com- 
pletion, and  the  company  expects  to  re- 
move its  clerical  force  to  it  within  a  few 
days. 

West  Virginia-Pocahonias  Coal  Com- 
pany— This  company,  of  which  W.  Leckie, 
of  Welch,  is  the  principal  owner,  has 
commenced  shipments  from  a  second 
mine,  on  the  Tug  Fork  branch  of  the  Nor- 
folk &  Western,  and  will  soon  be  turning 
out  500  tons  a  day. 

Sycamore  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany will  develop  4000  acres  of  coal  land. 
Its  daily  capacity  will  be  1000  tons  of 
coal.  The  company  will  build  a  branch 
railroad,  open  mines  and  will  install  a 
tipple,  a  power  plant,  haulage  locomo- 
tives, mining  machines  and  transmission 
lines. 

Mingo  County 
E.  J.  Corbett,  of  Detroit,  has  recently 
bought  a  half  interest  in  a  mine  in  the 
Red  Jacket  seam  at  Matewan  which  is 
owned  by  the  Magnolia  Coal  and  Coke 
Company.  The  company  is  increasing  its 
output,  opening  a  new  vein  and  putting  in 
new  equipment. 


Williamson — Improvements  have  been 
recently  made  at  this  mine  near  William- 
son, which  includes  the  installation  of  a 
new  haulage  system  and  iocreased  the 
capacity  of  the  operations  several  hun- 
dred tons  a  day. 

Red  Jacket  Junior  Coal  Company — 
This  company  has  started  to  operate  the 
tipple  and  conveyer  at  its  Nos.  1  and  2 
mines.  The  coal  is  fed  into  the  conveyer 
by  being  dumped  from  the  mine-cars  with 
a  Stine  rotary  dump,  which  allows  the 
use  of  all-steel,  dust-tight  mine  cars  hav- 
ing no  end-gates. 

Crystal  Block  Coke  and  Coal  Company 
— Work  is  well  under  way  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  tipple  and  inclines  to  the 
Winnefrede  and  Coalburg  seams  of  coal, 
both  of  which  it  is  purposed  to  develop. 

Sycamore  Coal  and  Coke  Company- 
Grading  for  the  construction  of  a  rail- 
road to  this  property  near  Williamson, 
also  is  in  progress. 

Morgan  County 

Rockwell  Smokeless  Coal  and  Coke 
Company — Incorporated  with  $200,000 
capital  by  W.  E.  Dugans,  and  others  of 
Glen  Jean,  O.  Chapman,  of  Beaury,  and 
M.  F.  Matheny,  of  Beckley. 

Monongalia  County 

Pittsburg  Steam  Coal  Company — This 
company,  of  which  W.  D.  McGinnis  is 
president,  has  purchased  some  property 
0  fthe  Opekiska  Coal  Company,  for  S52,- 
500,  and  will  reconstruct  the  tipple,  in- 
stall rope  haulage  in  the  mine  and  oper- 
ate 20  beehive  ovens.  H.  L.  Burchinal 
is  engineer  in  charge. 

Ohio  County  * 

Steubenville  &  Panhandle  Coal  Com- 
pany— Incorporated  with  a  capital  of 
$1,000,000.  Among  those  interested  are 
J.  Birch,  of  Wheeling,  J.  C.  Riheldaffer 
and  H.  M.  Holderness,  of  Charleston, 
and  E.  B.  Southworth,  of  New  York. 

Raleigh  County 

E.   E.   White's   companies   in   the   New 
River  field  are  mining  about  50,000  tons 
of  coal  yearly,  but  this  will  be  greatly  ' 
increased  in  19' 1  when  docks,  boats  and 
depots  will  be  built. 

Beckley  Coal  Delivery  Company — This 
company,  of  which  T.  K.  Laing  is  man- 
ager, has  leased  some  coal  properties 
and  installed  slope  and  tipple. 

Rockwell  Smokeless  Coal  and  Coke 
Company — Incorporated  with  $200,000 
capital  stock  by  W.  E.  Dugans,  John 
Faulkner  and  J.  B.  Hofmeier,  all  of  Glen 
Jean,  and  J.  O.  Chapman  and  M.  F-  ' 
Matheny,  of  Beury  and  Beckley,  W.  Va 
respectively. 

Randolph  County 
Davis  Coal  and  Coke  Company — This 
company  has  established  a  coaling  sta- 
tion  and   chartered   vessels   for  the   con- 


December  3,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1129 


veyance  of  coal  to  Texas.  If  the  ven- 
ture proves  as  profitable  as  is  expected, 
other  stations  will  be  established  on  the 
Gulf  coast. 

Davis  Colliery  Company — This  com- 
pany, with  J.  F.  Healey  as  manager,  is 
rebuilding  the  tipple,  recently  reported 
burned,  for  a  daily  capacity  of  700  tons 
of  coal. 


Canada 
Ontario 

The  shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the 
week  ended  Nov.  18  were:  Drummond, 
440.000  lb.;  La  Rose,  260,870;  Nipissing, 
252,620;  McKinley-Darragh,  169,060; 
Crown  Reserve,  146,700;  O'Brien,  64,- 
110;  Townsite.  64,000;  Coniagas,  63,800; 
Kerr  Lake,  60,240;  Right  of  Way,  60,- 
100;  City  of  Cobalt,  60,000;  Buffalo,  55,- 
510;  Silver  Cliff,  52.680;  total,  1,749,690 
lb.  Bullion  shipments:  Buffalo,  12,912 
oz.;  Crown  Reserve,  45,000;  O'Brien, 
15,888;  Nova  Scotia.  9516;  Campbell  & 
Deyell  Sampler,  1264;  total,  84,580 
ounces. 

The  power  companies  that  plan  opera- 
tions in  Porcupine,  are  preparing  to  take 
supplies    over    the    winter    roads.      The 
Porcupine  Power  Company,  Ltd.,  has  al- 
ready   let    contracts    for    a    plant.      This 
rompany  states  that  it  expects  to  be  in  a 
position    to    deliver   power   by    June    15, 
1911.     Although  there  is  plenty  of  snow 
"or  sleighing  the  lack  of  cold  weather  and 
'rest  in   the   ground,   renders   the   roads 
mpossible  for  heavy  lo:ds.     Despite  re- 
torts there  is  plenty  of  provisions  in  the 
listrict  and  there  is  no  danger  of  a  scarc- 
ty.     Several   important  deals  have  been 
ut  through   lately,  strong  outside   inter- 
sts  having  purchased   properties.     Eng- 
sh  capitalists  have  purchased  the  Brem- 
ler  veteran  claim  in  Whitney,  comprising 
60   acres,   and    a    company     known     as 
iremmer   Porcupine    Gold     Mines,     Ltd., 
as  been  incorporated  to  operate  it.     An 
ption   has   been    given    on    the    Walsh 
laims,   in    Eldorado   township,   to   Mon- 
eal  men.  at  a  price  stated  to  be  $50,000. 
The     Cobalt     Hydraulic    Company     is 
reeling  small  buildings  over  the  expan- 
on  joints  on  the  20-in.  main,  in  order 
I  protect  them    from   the   cold   weather, 
•though  all  precautions  are  being  taken, 
is   feared   that   there   may   be   trouble 
aring  the  winter,  on  account  of  the  ex- 
ssive   contraction,     and     water    in    the 
pes.      Although    the    control    dams    are 
•ing  built  on  Lake  Temagami,  the  water 
so  high  that  they   will  not  be   needed 
r  some  time.     On  account  of  the  ex- 
sslve  rains  the  water  in  the  Montreal 
k'er  is  about  4   ft.   higher  than   in   the 
mmer. 

Five   new    Porcupine   companies   have 
en  recently  incorporated,  having  a  to- 
I  capitalization   of  S5,600,000. 
I  Wyandot — At   the    annual    meeting   of 
lis  Cobalt  company,  it  was  shown  that 


there  was  Si  1,000  in  the  treasury  and 
that  the  debts  amounted  to  over  S18,000. 

Kerr  Lake — Recent  important  dis- 
coveries have  greatly  improved  the  posi- 
tion of  this  property. 

Black— At  270  ft..  No.  1  vein  shows  8 
in.  of  solid  cobalt  in  the  winze  which  is 
being  put  down  to  the  300-ft.  level  at  this 
Cobalt  mine. 

Margraves — This  mine  is  stated  to  have 
cut  another  high-grade  vein  700  ft.  from 
No.  3  shaft  at  the  375-ft.  level  close  to 
the  Kerr  Lake  line. 

Rochester — The  shareholders  at  a 
meeting  held  on  Nov.  22  authorized  the 
directors  to  raise  the  sum  of  S25,000 
necessary  for  continuing  work,  either  by 
pledging  the  assets  of  the  company  or 
issuing  the  treasury  stock  remaining  un- 
sold. 

Longneckcr — Work  has  been  begun  on 
the  extensive  hematite  deposit  recently 
discovered  by' Mr.  Longnecker,  at  Madoc, 
and  machinery   will  be  installed. 

Walsh  Claims—The  three  Walsh  claims 
in  Eldorado  township  have  been  acquired 
on  option  by  Montreal  and  New  Bruns- 
wick capitalists.  The  price  is  reported 
at  S50.000  for  a  90  per  cent,  interest. 
Several  quartz  veins  showing  free  gold 
have  been  encountered  in  crosscutting. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 

Yoquivo — A  second  unit,  comprising 
10  stamps  and  accessories,  is  being  added 
to  the  cyanide  plant  so  as  to  afford  a 
daily  capacity  of  150  tons.  High-grade 
ore  shipments  are  being  made. 

American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany— Shipments  from  the  Santa  Eulalia 
mines  to  Chihuahua  are  being  made  at 
the  rate  of  8000  tons  monthly.  Spurr  & 
Cox  are  making  a  geological  reconnais- 
sance of  the  Valardena  and  Mina  Vieja 
mines  of  this  company  and  of  the  Buena 
Tierra  property  of  the  Exploration  Com- 
pany of  England  and  Mexico  adjoining. 

Progresso — This  and  adjoining  proper- 
ties in  the  Sabinal  camp,  reached  via  the 
Alexico  Northwestern  railway,  have  been 
bonded  to  El  Paso  and  San  Antonio 
parties,  who  will  inaugurate  work  on  a 
large  scale.  Preparations  are  being 
made  for  the  installation  of  larger  pumps 
at  the  Congresso. 

Esperanza — Plans  are  under  way  for 
the  erection  of  a  50-ton  cyanide  plant 
for  the  treatment  of  the  low-grade  ores 
of  this  and  adjoining  properties,  owned 
by  F.  N.  Traynor. 

Batopilas — Samuel  Elliot  has  been 
elected  president  of  this  company  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Lyndon  H.  Stevens.  C.  H.  C.  Muller  and 
Gilmore  Goodland,  directors  representing 
the  British  holdings  in  the  company,  are 
en  route  to  Mexico  to  inspect  the  prop- 
erties. 


Guanajuato 

Nueva  Luz — Progress  made  so  far  in 
driving  the  crosscut  from  the  deep  Nueva 
Luz  shaft  gives  promise  that  the  Mother 
lode  of  Guanajuato  will  be  cut  by  Febru- 
ary, 1911. 

Hidalgo 

Barron — The  Real  del  Monte  y  Pachuca 
company  has  let  a  contract  for  an  aerial 
tram,  from  this  mine  to  the  Loreto  mill. 
The  distance  is  3'j  miles.  The  Pachuca 
Foundry  Company  has  the  contract. 

Jalisco 

La  Regina — This  Philadelphia  com- 
pany, operating  near  San  Martin  Hidalgo, 
Ameca  district,  plans  to  build  a  concen- 
trating plant  to  treat  its  copper  ores.  A 
small  cyanide  plant  to  treat  gold  ores 
was  erected  early  this  year.  Owing  to 
the  reported  peculiar  character  of  the 
ore,  a  satisfactory  extraction  has  not  yet 
been  obtained. 

Shale  Mining  Company — The  old  tun- 
nel and  drift  of  the  Candelaria  mine,  near 
Ahualulco,  have  been  cleaned  out  pre- 
paratory to  new  development.  Another 
tunnel  has  been  started. 

Mexico 
Esperanza — Returns    for   October   are 
mill  ran  28  days  and  crushed  17,906  dry 
tons;     estimated     realizable     value     pro- 
duced, $160,787 ;  estimated  profit,  £1 1 ,566. 

Sonora 

Mexican  Mining  and  Exploration  Com- 
pany— This  company  has  planned  to  in- 
stall a  concentrator  to  treat  the  product 
of  its  Creston  de  Cobre  mine,  in  the  Her- 
mosillo  district. 

Carmen  Consolidated — The  Texas 
courts  have  awarded  $23,250  of  this  com- 
pany's funds  to  the  custody  of  C.  B.  Bell; 
adversely  to  J.  P.  Casey,  the  plaintiff. 

Mayo  Mines  ompany- — Thirty  men  are 
working  at  this  company's  property  in  the 
Alamos  district. 

Mesa  Rica  Mining  Company — The  10- 
stamp  mill,  settlers  and  cyanide  tanks, 
that  this  company  is  erecting,  will  be  fin- 
ished by  the  first  of  the  year. 

Santo  Domingo — A  medium-sized  con- 
centrating plant  is  being  operated  satis- 
factorily. 

Jojoba — Spurr  &  Cox,  the  owners,  are 
prospecting  with  a  churn  drill. 

Niievo  Promontorio — A  small  power 
plant  and  hoisting  equipment  is  in  pro- 
cess of  installation. 

Calumet  &  Sonora — Regular  shipments 
of  zinc  ore  are  being  made  to  El   Paso. 

Arnold   Mining   Company — Work     has 
been  resumed  on  a  small  scale. 
Zacatecas 

Veta  Grande — Examinations  of  the 
Veta  Grande  mine,  at  Zacatecas,  have 
been  made  under  an  option  taken  by 
British  interests.  The  purchase  appears 
doubtful. 


1130 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


J^  J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


^        y 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


Norfolk  &  Western  coal  tonnage,  four 
n'onths  of  fiscal  year  July  1-Oct.  31, 
short   tons: 


New  York,  Nov.  30 — In  the  East  the 
coal  trade  generally  seems  to  be  in 
good  shape.  The  seaboard  bitumin- 
ous trade  makes  good  reports,  both  as  to 
volume  of  trade  and  prices.  The  anthra- 
cite trade  is  also  in  good  condition. 

In  the  West  there  is  some  improvement 
in  the  car  supply,  which  has  been  the 
key  to  the  market  situation  for  some 
weeks  past.  This  is  especially  apparent 
in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  where  it  is  due  to 
the  release  for  local  trade  of  cars  which 
have  been  employed  in  hauling  coal  to 
Lake  ports  for  shipment.  In  other  quart- 
ers the  situation  is  still  bad — notably  in 
the  southern  part  of  Illinois  and  in  West 
Virginia.  The  demand  for  coal  is  gen- 
erally brisk. 

Pittsburg  operators  have  been  much  re- 
lieved by  a  coal-boat  rise  in  the  Ohio,  the 
first  in  five  months.  This  was  followed 
by  heavy  shipments  down  the  river,  which 
will  give  the  Pittsburg  people  a  chance  to 
redeem  their  river  trade,  which  has  been 
heavily  cut  into  by  West  Virginia,  Ken- 
tucky and  Alabama  operators. 

Western  Railroad  Rates — Advances  in 
coal  freight  rates  by  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railroad  and  its  connecting  lines  on 
West  Virginia  coal  and  coke  shipments 
to  the  Great  Lakes  and  to  tidewater, 
which  were  to  have  gone  into  effect  Dec. 
16,  has  been  suspended  until  March  1(3, 
by  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 
Similar  advances  were  suspended  recent- 
ly until  the  same  date  on  the  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  and  the  Norfolk  &  Western  roads. 
This  action  by  the  commission  leaves 
standing  the  existing  rates  until  March 
KS.  As  coal  delivery  contracts  are  made 
generally  during  February,  March  and 
April,  and  must  be  based  on  a  fixed 
freight  rate  by  the  carrier,  both  railroad 
and  seller  are  placed  in  difficilt  posi- 
tions  by   the   commission's   order. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
Coal  passing  through  the  locks  on  the 
Monongahela  river  above  Pittsburg,  nine 
months  ended  Sept.  ,^0.  was  6.771,680 
short  tons  in  1909,  and  7,023,140  in  1910; 
increase,  25L460  tons. 

Coal  shipped  out  of  Kanawha  river  in 
West  Virginia,  nine  months  ended  Sept. 
30,  was  1,021,682  short  tons  in  1909.  and 
1,007,470  in  1910;  decrease,  14,212  tons. 
Coal  receipts  at  St.  Louis,  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  were  4,801,663  short  tons 
in  1909,  and  6,375,718  in  1910;  increase, 
1„'S74,055  tons. 


Com-  Com- 

Fleld.                    merclal.  pauy.  Total. 

Pocalinntas ;i,7o;t,432  ;)46.4(U)  4,liS>,l,«>'i 

Tug  Blver filT.IWIi  Uo.HSr)  (\6'J,'.I-->1 

Thaekor Mil.WB  201.',l7fi  74r>.7T.I 

Kfiiova aw.aeu  ril.mi  297,242 

Clim-li  Valley 21!t,H92  lfi.72.-.  236,r,17 


Total . 


.5.53        762,8il8    (i.04'>,4.il 


Of  the  total  tonnage  67.9  per  cent, 
came    from   the    Pocahontas    field. 

New  York 

Anthracite 

Nov.  30 — Anthracite  business  holds  up 
well,  sales  and  deliveries  continuing  good. 
Heavy  rain  has  improved  conditions  at 
many  collieries,  insuring  a  supply  of 
water  for  the  winter. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  lump.  S5  for  egg  and  stove  and 
.S5.25  for  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor.  Steam  sizes  are  unchanged.  We 
quote  for  pea,  $3(i/3.25;  buckwheat, 
S2.25r<(2.75;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
.S1.80r(/2.25;  barley,  $1.40rr)  1.75;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Bituminous 

A  slight  reaction  in  demand  is  ap- 
parent this  week,  but  it  is  believed  that 
this  is  only  temporary,  and  that  the  mar- 
ket will  soon  recover.  There  is  less  de- 
mand from  the  West,  but  in  view  of  the 
situation  there  it  is  believed  that  a  good 
deal  of  coal  will  go  there  yet. 

Gas  coals  are  lower,  -14 -in.  bringing 
Sl.lOri/  1.15  at  mines,  and  run-of-mine 
SUf/ 1.05.  Slack  is  still  rather  scarce. 
Low-volatile  steam  coals  are  also  moving 
more  slowly,  and  can  be  had  at  Sl.lSia 
2.85  for  lower  grade,  and  up  to  ,~^3.10r(? 
3.20  for  better  sorts,  all  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor. 

Transportation  is  fair,  and  there  is  less 
delay  in  getting  coal  to  tide.  Car  sup- 
ply is  still  poor  on  some  roads,  but 
others  are  doing  better  than  they  have 
been  recently. 

In  the  coastwise-vessel  market  rates  are 
very  firm,  with  an  advancing  -tendency. 
Current  quotations  are  on  a  basis  of 
85rr/95c.  from  Philadelphia  to  Boston  and 
Portland;  70r<n5c.  from  New  York  to 
points  around  Cape  Cod. 

Birmingham 
Nov.  28 — The  car  shortage  is  still  hold- 
ing   down    coal    production    in    Alabama. 
The  output  in  this  State  is  brisk.     There 
is  a  demand   for  as  much  coal  as  can  be 


mined  but  the  car  situation  does  not  per- 
mit steady  operation. 

Considerable  development  is  going  on 
in  Alabama  coalfields  and  during  the  first 
part  of  the  coming  year  it  is  estimated 
that  two  new  shafts  will  be  ready  for 
operation,  while  four  or  five  drifts  and 
slopes  will  be  well  in  hand.  The  devel- 
opment in  the  upper  Warrior  field,  in  St. 
Clair  county,  is  on  an  extensive  scale. 

There  is  a  strong  demand  for  coke  and 
the  coke  ovens  in  operation  are  produc- 
ing well.  Better  prices  prevail  for  coal 
and  coke  now  than  in  some  time. 

Chicago 

Nov.  28 — The  coal  market  continues 
strong,  with  sales  of  all  kinds  of  coal 
fairly  heavy,  but  almost  wholly  for  cur- 
rent needs.  Little  stocking  of  bins  by 
retailers  and  consumers  is  being  done, 
and  the  result  can  be  foreseen  only  as  a 
large  and  pressing  demand  as  soon  as 
the  weather  shall  become  more  severe. 
There  is  a  good  deal  of  buying  of  Illi- 
nois coal  against  anticipated  increase  of 
the  freight  rates  on  Dec.  1,  and  users  of 
smokeless  coal  are  laying  in  stocks. 
Otherwise  the  market  appears  to  follow 
the  weather,  showing  how  closely  de- 
mand is  running  to  immediate  needs. 
The  demand  for  screenings  has  de- 
creased and  that  for  lump  has  increased, 
as  regards  the  great  supply  of  the  local 
and  adjacent  markets,  Illinois  and  In- 
diana coals.  Transportation  has  im- 
proved notably,  allowing  cars  to  go 
farther  away  from  the  producing  roads. 
Yet  the  car  shortage  situation  is  a  ser- 
ious one. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  bring  practically 
the  same  prices  as  last  week,  lump  and 
egg  selling  on  cars  for  S2.40rr/3,  run-of- 
mine  for  S1.85i'(2.20  and  screenings  for 
S1.40f((  1.75.  Eastern  coals  hold  to  cir- 
cular prices,  smokeless  bringing  S3.95 
for  lump  and  .S3.30  for  run-of-mine  al- 
most everywhere,  and  Hocking  $3.40. 
Domestic  coals  find  good  sale  on  ac- 
count of  the  weather;  steam  coals  are  in 
continued  heavy  demand.  Anthracite  is 
in  request,  with  sales  of  nut  but  slightly 
checked  by  the  recent  advance  of  25c. 
per  ton. 


Cleveland 

Nov.  28 — A  few  boats  are  still  going 
up  the  Lakes  with  coal,  though  the  sea- 
son is  practically  over  Dec.  1.  The  total 
shipments  are  not  yet  ascertained.  There 
is  still  some  rush  to  get  coal  off  before 
navigation  finally  closes,  but  high  rates 
have  to  be  paid. 


i 


December  -i    1910. 


THF    ENGINKERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1131 


Local  tradu  is  active,  both  for  steam 
and  domestic  coals.  Some  grades  of  coal 
are  scarce,  notably  Pocahontas,  on  ac- 
count of  poor  car  supply. 

Prices  of  Ohio  coal  are  firm  and  a  rise 
is  expected  all  around,  though  the  old 
schedules  still  hold.  Premiums  are  asked 
for   Pocahontas  coals. 

Indianapolis 

Nov.  28'~Chairman  Wood  of  the  Indi- 
ana Railroad  Commission  has  announced 
that  the  carriers  of  the  State  will  de- 
termine in  a  few  days  whether  the  ad- 
vances in  coal  rates  which  were  to  go  into 
effect  Dec.  I,  will  become  operative.  Nu- 
merous conferences  between  the  shippers, 
manufacturers  and  carriers  have  been 
held  and  the  railroads  have  agreed  to 
make  known  their  intention  not  later 
than  Nov.  27.  It  is  generally  believed 
that  coal-rate  advances  will  not  be  again 
suspended.  The  increase  will  be  5c.  a  ton 
on  steam  coal  and  from  5  to  10c.  on  do- 
mestic coal. 

The  supply  of  coal  cars  for  Indiana 
mines  was  ample  during  the  past  week 
and  large  quantities  of  coal  were  taken 
out. 


Pittsburg 
Nov.  29 — On  Nov.  27  there  was 
enough  water  in  the  Ohio  river  to  allow 
about  1,500,000  bu.  of  coal  which  had 
been  lying  at  Beaver  and  Rochester  to  go 
down  the  river,  but  not  enough  to  al- 
low any  to  go  out  of  the  Pittsburg  har- 
bor. Yesterday's  rain  gave  a  sufficient 
stage  to  let  the  harbor  coal  go  out,  and 
the  movement  began  last  night,  Nov.  28, 
the  harbor  being  now  practically  empty, 
adding  about  2,500,000  bu.  to  the  move- 
ment and  making  a  total  of  about  4.000.- 
000  bu.  going  down  the  river  on  this  rise. 
The  Pittsburg  harbor  has  not  been  empty 
nf  coal  since   May  22. 

The  local  coal  market  has  continued  quiet, 
ihe  Lake  movement  being  over  and  local 
industries  growing  less  active  from  week 
10  week.  The  shading,  if  anything,  is 
more  pronounced  than  formerly  from 
ipen-market  prices,  which  we  continue  to 
.fuote  as  follows:  Mine-run  and  nut, 
•^1.15;  .14. in.,  S1.35;  1'  i-in.,  SI. 40;  slack, 
■i2'  ..'(/85c.  per  ton. 

Connellsvillc  Coke — The  movement 
in;ong  Connellsville  coke  operators  for  a 
:entral  selling  agency  has  been  given  up, 
io  far  as  concerns  the  plan  outlined  in 
lur  last  report,  but  a  somewhat  different 
;rnup  of  operators  has  taken  up  the  sub- 
ect  since  that  report,  and  has  been  worl;- 
ng  along  the  line  of  endeavoring  to  have 
iis  many  operators  as  possible  sell  their 
•ntirc  output  through  a  merchant  firm  al- 
oady  well  established  in  the  business  of 
I'uylng  and  selling  Connellsville  coke. 
"his  movement  seemed  to  be  taking  ra- 
ional  shape,  but  in  the  past  day  or  two 
iifficulties  have  again  appeared,  as  some 
'f  the  operators  wish  to  attempt  too  rad- 
cal   an    advance.     The    probabilities   are 


that  nothing  will  be  accomplished,  chiefly 
because  the  operators  are  of  divergent 
minds  as  to  the  main  end  and  the  de- 
tails, and  are  lacking  in  forceful  leader- 
ship. Meanwhile  the  market  has  not 
been  particularly  aft'ected  in  either  direc- 
tion bv  the  negotiations.  Prompt  furnace 
coke  has  been  quiet,  but  a  few  sales  are 
reported  at  about  SI. 40.  In  contract  fur- 
nace coke  nothing  has  been  done  except 
the  closing  this  week  of  one  contract  for 
about  7000  tons  monthly  for  two  years, 
beginning  Jan.  1  next,  on  a  ratio  basis, 
probably  the  familiar  one  of  eight  to  one 
on  basic  pig  iron  at  Valley  furnaces,  but 
with  certain  details  as  to  the  minimum 
price,  etc.  We  repeat  former  quotations: 
Prompt  furnace,  S1.40f(/  1.50;  contract 
furnace,  S1.75r„  1.85;  prompt  foundry,  S2 
r(/2.10;  contract  foundry,  S2.25'r(  2.50,  all 
per  ton  at  ovens. 

The  Cuurifr  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ended  Nov.  19  at  326,- 
056  tons,  A  decrease  of  2000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  2853  cars  to  Pittsburg,  5293 
cars  to  points  west  and  596  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  8742  cars. 


St.  Louis 

jVoi'.  28 — The  market  this  week  has 
been  slow  though  prices  have  remained 
about  the  same.  While  domestic  busi- 
ness is  holding  up  well,  yet  there  is  a 
slight  lull,  owing  to  the  fact  that  house- 
holders' bins  are  m  general  pretty  well 
filled,  and  the  weather  has  been  of  such 
?  character  that  none  have  as  yet  been 
forced  to  buy  a  second  time.  For  similar 
reasons  the  demand  for  the  country  is 
light,  though  prices  are  much  better,  ow- 
ing to  the  car  restrictions,  which  make 
the  supply  liinited.  Operators  have  been 
realizing  a  better  price  for  their  mine-run 
coal  this  week  than  they  have  for  some 
time  past,  owing  to  the  fact  that  lump  has 
about  maintained  itself  though  screen- 
ings have  advanced  very  materially. 

Si 
llliiiDis,  .suui.l.  Mil,,-.     Louis. 

fl-in.  liiiiip  and  (,'gE SI   liii     Sl'    12 

-'-ill-  liiiiip I   2(1        1   00 

Mine-niii 1   00        i,.')2 

Srret'llillK-* 0    .'»()         1  !02 

Tri-iiroii: 

ti-in.  lump  and  egg 2..W      .T  02 

;i-in-  nut 2.00       2..^2 

Siiiimton  or  Ml.  olive: 

"-"1-  liii'iP 1   -SI)  1   32 

2-iri.  lump 17.-,  2  27 

.\l  ine-run 1   20  T  72 

.Sireenilies 0.60  112 

ruili'ivillc: 

li-ili.  lump  or  cKE 2  00  ''07 

■i-'f    "111 1.70  2  .-(7 

Mmi--iiin 12."!  1  •!•' 

.-icii-i-iiiiiKs 0  7,r,  ]   ,|5 

rocuhoiilas  and  New  Hivpr: 

Lump  or  ckk 2  2.'i       -1  7."» 

MiiH'-nm     []   1'.2.~t       :i  75 

I'.-uiis.vlvania  .\ntliraiilc; 

CliHslmil 7  .>() 

Slovi-  or  egg ■    '  ■  ■ '        0  5", 

'■rail- '.'.       6:7() 

.\rkaiisas  .\nlhracite: 

Kgg  or  gralr 2. ,"?.">       .">  3."> 

CokiT 

("onnell.sville  foundr.v ."i    10 

<:a.s  house '  *  '  '         j   tio 

Smilhing ]]    '''  f   ]-, 


Screenings  are  now  worth  40d/  45j. 
per  ton  at  mines,  whereas  several  weeks 
ago  they  were  hard  to  place  at  \0(<(  15c. 
per  ton.  This  is  caused  by  the  falling  off 
in  the  demand  for  lump. 

The  car  situation  shows  no  improve- 
ment and  the  shortage  is  very  general; 
it  is  felt  most  seriously  by  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio,  the  Illinois  Central  and  the  Iron 
Mountain.  The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  is  also 
short  of  motive  power.  The  Missouri 
Pacific  is  handicapped,  its  motive  power 
being  in  bad  condition,  owing  to  the  pro- 
longed strike  of  mechanics. 

Anthracite — The  market  is  firm  and  a 
good  quantity  of  all  sizes  is  coming  for- 
ward. 


2fs  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE  s 


Brilisli  Coal  Trade  —  Exports  of  fuel 
from  Great  Britain,  with  coal  sent  abroad 
for  use  of  steamships  in  foreign  trade, 
10  months  ended  Oct.  31,  long  tons: 

imKi.  lOIil.  Changes 

Coal .T2,27'.'.:!i!8  .'il  ,li2:),(i9."i  D.     :)49,273 

Coke a47..'i54  7.")li.295  D.     1»1.2,5» 

Briquets 1.2.S.'i,2K-J  l,-2!i'.l,fifiO  I.       24,378 


Total  exports...  54,4.Vi,2IM     SIl.'.M'.l.IKU    D.     .'ilB.154 
Steamercoal li;,41ii,.-.I4    lB,2i;ii,167    D.     1.5(I,:M7 


Total 'l)..si;.-i,7la    7ll.Ht9.217    D.     666,501 

Imports  of  coal  are  insignificant;  only 
4106  tons  in  1909,  and  26,369  tons  this 
year. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
prices  of  coal  on  Nov.  19  as  follows: 
Best  Welsh  steam  coal,  S3.90;  seconds, 
S3.72;  thirds,  S3.54;  dry  coals,  S3.66; 
best  Monmouthshire,  S3.54;  seconds, 
,S3.36;  best  steam  small  coal,  S2.28; 
seconds,  .S2.04.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30 
days,  less  2i;.  per  cent,  discount. 


IRON  TRADE-REVIEW 


New  York,  Nov.  30— The  iron  and  steel 
markets  show  little  change;  they  have 
drifted  into  another  waiting  condition, 
which  seems  likely  to  last  over  the  end 
of  the  year. 

The  Steel  Corporation  has  blown  out 
some  more  furnaces,  to  prevent  ac- 
cumulation of  raw  iron.  It  is  now  op- 
erating about  60  per  cent,  of  its  blast- 
furnace capacity,  and  about  two-thirds  of 
its  mill  capacity.  The  leading  independ- 
ents are  about  on  the  same  basis.  Mer- 
chant furnaces  are  operating  on  a  higher 
basis,  but  do  not  seem  to  be  reducing 
their  unsold  stocks. 

In  pig  iron  there  have  been  some  good 
orders  for  foundry  and  basic  iron. 
Southern  furnaces  are  holding  rather 
stiffly  to  their  quotations  on  1911  busi- 
ness, and  most  of  the  orders  iust  now  are 
going  to  Northern  furnaces,  which  are 
willing  to  make  slight  concessions.  In 
finished  material  structural  steel  con- 
tinues to  lead.    There  is  a  good  bus.iness 


1132 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING  JiOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


in  bars  also,  and  pipe  is  in  fair  shape. 
Railroad  orders  are  still  in  the  bush,  very 
few  being  in  hand. 

It  is  officially  announced  today  that  the 
Pennsylvania  railroad  has  placed  orders 
for  150,000  tons  of  rails  for  1911  deliv- 
ery, but  the  allotment  among  mills  is  not 
yet  divulged.  It  is  not  known  whether 
or  not  the  entire  tonnage  is  for  replace- 
ment purposes.  If  the  entire  tonnage  is 
for  replacement,  the  order  is  an  un- 
usually liberal  one.  During  the  present 
year  the  system  has  used  about  75,000 
tons  for  replacement,  its  replacements  in 
the  preceding  six  years  totaling  721,569 
tons,  and  ranging  from  31,563  tons  in 
1908  to  163,797  tons  in  1906,  making 
an  average  for  the  seven  years  just  end- 
ing of  about  115,000  tons  a  year.  How- 
ever, with  only  a  trifle  over  100.000  tons 
of  replacements  in  the  past  two  years  it 
is  not  out  of  line  that  next  year's  work 
should  amount  to  150.000  tons.  In  any 
event,  the  laying  of  new  track  could  not 
account  for  any  large  part  of  the  total, 
as  50,000  tons  would  lay  over  350  miles 
of  track  in  85-lb.  rails. 

A  meeting  of  practically  all  the  steel 
producers  is  in  session  in  New  York  to- 
day, Nov.  30,  to  discuss  the  general  price 
situation.  The  call  for  the  meeting  arises 
from  the  steady  increase  of  sentiment  in 
favor  of  reducing  prices.  It  is  not  known 
precisely  how  great  this  sentiment  is  and 
the  steelmakers  will  undoubtedly  go  into 
the  meeting  without  a  definite  idea 
whether  there  is  a  majority  in  favor  of 
adhering  to  the  present  level,  or  a  ma- 
jority in  favor  of  reductions,  while  the 
sentiment  favoring  reductions  has  not 
been  clarified  sufficiently  to  show  whether 
large  or  small  reductions  are  favored  by 
those  who  advocate  a  change. 

An  interesting  feature  of  the  situation 
is   that   the    Steel    Corporation    does    not 
present  a  definite  leadership,  but  has  de- 
veloped in  its  management  a  decided  dif- 
ference of  opinion  also,  so  that  there  are 
advocates   of   lower   prices   both    within 
and  without  the  corporation.    There  is  a 
natural  tendency  to  compare  the  present 
situation  with  that  which  confronted  the 
handful  of  steel  manufacturers  who  met 
in  New  York  on  February   18,   1909.  and 
after    a    short    conference    declared    the 
market  "open,"  the  declaration  being  fol- 
lowed by  a  general  and  radical  decline  in 
finished-steel    prices.      There    is    little    if 
any  similarity,  however,  for  the  existing 
prices   are    much    lower  than   those   pre- 
vailing, at  least  nominally,  at  that  time; 
the  character  of  price  control  is  entirely 
different,   in   that   the   team   work   of  the 
past  few  months  has  been  chiefly   from 
individual   initiative   instead   of  the   con- 
certed   movement   which,    with    so    much 
pomp  and  circumstance,  sought  to  main- 
tain prices  from  November,  1907,  to  Feb- 
ruary,   1909;    while    finally    that    market 
break  occurred  after  a  long  period  of. the 
most  niggardly  buying,  while  in  the  pres- 


ent instance  there  has  been  light  buying 
only  for  a  few  months.  Thus  prices  have 
a  much  smaller  possible  distance  to  drop, 
and  the  tonnage  of  business  which  might 
be  uncovered  by  reduced  prices  is  rela- 
tively small.  The  buying  in  the  great 
movement  of  a  year  ago  was  badly  over- 
done; many  consumers  and  jobbers  stHl 
have  stocks  remaining  from  that  move- 
ment, while  the  mills  still  have  consider- 
able tonnage  on  their  books,  placed  at 
that  time,  but  not  taken  out. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ores— Cleveland 
reports  are  that  the  shipments  of  iron  ore 
from  the  Lake  Superior  region  for  the 
full  season  will  be  only  slightly  ahead 
of  those  made  in  1909.  Owing  to  the 
comparatively  light  shipments  to  fur- 
naces, the  stocks  on  Lake  Erie  docks 
Dec.  1  will  probably  exceed  10,000,000 
tons,  the   largest   quantity  on   record. 


Baltimore 
Nov.  28 — Exports  for  the  week  in- 
cluded 5696  tons  steel  rails  and  508  tons 
rail  fastenings  to  Australia;  4511  tons 
steel  rails  and  1077  tons  track  material 
to  Mexico;  271  tons  rails  and  4,472,005 
lb.  miscellaneous  iron  and  steel  to  Pana- 
ma. Imports  included  505  tons  ferro- 
manganese  from  Liverpool;  5600  tons  cu- 
priferous pyrites  from  Huelva,  Spain; 
16,400  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Nov.  28— The  Southern  pig-iron  market 
is  still  quiet  but  there  are  hopes  held 
out  that  a  better  condition  will  be  felt 
soon.  There  are  some  inquiries  coming 
in  but  they  are  not  developing  into  busi- 
ness as  yet.  The  spot  sales  are  about 
equal  to  the  make  right  now,  which 
means  there  is  no  iron  going  to  the 
yards.  There  is  a  considerable  quantity 
of  pig  iron  in  the  yards  in  the  Southern 
territory  and  until  this  has  been  re- 
moved it  is  admitted  there  can  be  no  de- 
cided change  felt  in  the  market.  The  fur- 
nace companies  are  not  inclined  to  sell 
their  iron  at  low  figures  for  delivery  dur- 
ing the  coming  year  and  while  $11  per 
ton  iron  is  again  heard  of  for  No.  2  foun- 
dry inquiry  in  the  various  offices  elicits 
the  information  that  the  minimum  is 
SI  1.25.  Inquiries  which  are  in  hand  in- 
dicate there  is  a  need  for  iron  but 
enough  orders  are  not  placed  to  warrant 
the  assertion  that  the  buying  movement 
has  started  in. 

Reports  are  current  that  some  steel- 
rai!  selling  has  been  going  on  recently. 
There  is  a  good  demand  for  steel  pro- 
ducts, such  as  plates,  bars,  angles,  etc., 
while  steel  rods,  wire  and  nails  are  meet- 
ing a  better  demand. 

Scrap  iron  and  steel  in  the  Southern 
territory  are  still  dull. 

Chicago 
Nov.   28— The    iron    market   is    quiet, 
showing  no  decided  change  one  way  or 
the   other,   with    No.   2   Southern   iron   in 


enough  demand  to  warrant  agents  in  de- 
manding, and  apparently  getting,  SI  1.50 
Birmingham  (S15.85  Chicago)  on  all  but 
a  few  exceptional  sales  at  25c.  or  50c. 
lower.  It  seems  to  be  certain  that  the 
market  will  hold  to  the  higher  figure  un- 
less Northern  iron  becomes  more  strongly 
competitive.  Northern  is  now  firm  at 
S16f(/ 16.50.  Competition  between  North- 
ern and  Southern,  indeed,  is  not  much 
in  evidence;  the  melter  who  demands 
one  or  the  other  for  his  special  uses 
finds  his  requirements  met  before  he  be- 
comes a  keen  bargain  seeker.  Both 
Northern  and  Southern  have  been  well 
restricted,  as  to  output,  to  the  needs  of 
the  country,  and  prices  apparently  are  to 
continue  firm. 

The  number  of  inquiries  for  heavy 
supplies  in  the  first  half  continues  large, 
but  does  not  yet  result  in  contracts  be- 
yond the  steady  stream  of  rather  small 
lots  for  first-quarter  needs.  Some  of  the 
larger  interests,  apparently,  have  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  bottom  of  the 
market  is  not  to  be  looked  for  any  longer, 
and  their  free  buying  clears  the  furnace 
yards,  but  does  not  boom  the  market 
greatly. 

Coke  is  well  adjusted  to  the  needs 
of  the  local  territory,  with  the  best 
Connellsville  holding  to  S4.90,  Chicago. 

Philadelphia 
Nov.  30— The  pig-iron  orders  for  the 
past  week,  especially  from  New  England 
and  other  eastern  territory,  have  encour- 
aged makers  to  expect  a  gradual  gain. 
While  nearly  all  the  orders  placed  were 
for  small  amounts,  the  buyers  in  some 
cases  stipulated  that  additional  orders 
would  be  placed  before  the  close  of  the 
year  at  the  same  terms.  The  tone  of  the 
market  is  not  stronger,  as  makers  are 
anxious  to  reduce  their  stocks.  They 
are  of  the  opinion  that  it  would  require 
very  little  stimulation  to  induce  consum- 
ers to  order  forlaterdelivery.  Some  South- 
ern iron  has  been  contracted  for  to  be  de- 
livered next  quarter  and  correspondence 
is  now  in  progress  looking  to  further 
buying.  No  concessions  have  been  made 
OP  Southern  irons  and  the  only  point  of 
difference  is  as  to  how  long  Southern 
rnakers  will  agree  to  let  present  quota- 
tions stand.  Quotations  are  S16  for  No. 
2X  Northern  and  $15  for  Southern  ordi- 
nary grades,  and  SI 4.50  for  good  grade 
of  forge. 

Steel  Bi/Zcfs- Recent  inquiries  for 
open-hearth  billets  from  concerns  which 
are  practically  out  and  which  have  a  1« 
of  new  work  in  sight  means  that  orders 
for  raw  material  will  not  be  delayed 
much  longer.  Slight  concessions  were 
made  this  week  on  forging  billets  or 
small  orders. 

Bars — Taking  one  week  with  anothei 
about  the  same  average  of  business  k 
done. 

Sheets — The  low  prices  for  sheets  havt 


J 


December  3,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1133 


attracted  quite  a  volume  of  small  orders 
and  retail  distributers  have  started  to 
stock  up  for  the  winter. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Nothing  is  being 
done  in  merchant  pipe.  Tubes  are  strong 
and  manufacturers  are  adhering  to  dis- 
count rates. 

Plates — There  is  a  good  deal  of  en- 
couragement, but  little  new  business.  For 
the  present  and  till  after  the  holidays 
the  orders  will  be  for  emergency  re- 
quirements, excepting  some  new  shipyard 
business,  which  is  due  in  a  few  days. 

Structural  Material — The  only  business 
reported  for  the  past  week  has  been  a 
few  supplemental  contracts  for  bridge 
building  on  Southern  roads  and  some  ma- 
terial for  warehouse  work,  some  in  this 
territory  and  some  farther  south. 

Scrap — The  absence  of  business  is  said 
to  be  due  to  the  fact  that  most  buyers 
have  enough  to  see  them  to  the  end  of 
the  year.  Another  reason  is  that  good 
scrap  is  held  at  top  figures  and  there  is 
no  demand  for  borings,  turnings  or  scrap 
pipe. 

Pittsburg 
Nov.  29 — The  iron  and  steel  market 
has  suddenly  become  duller  than  it  was, 
there  being  scarcely  any  business  doing. 
There  is  no  particular  change  in  senti- 
ment among  buyers,  so  far  as  can  be 
observed,  and  the  decrease  in  orders  ap- 
pears to  arise  from  individual  conditions. 
Production  of  iron  and  steel  has  not  been 
especially  affected  by  the  new  turn,  but 
has  continued  to  decrease  slowly. 

Pig    Iron — The    Colonial    Steel    Com- 
pany has  bought  a  tonnage  of  basic  pig 
iron  for  next  year's  delivery,  but  details 
are  carefully  guarded.     It  is  understood 
that  the  tonnage  was  scarcely  up  to  the 
inquiry,  which  was  for  1000  to  1500  tons 
monthly   for  the   half  year,  or  6000   to 
9000  tons    for  the   period,   and   that   the 
price  was  not  over  .S14,  delivered,  there 
being  a  65c.   rate    from  the   Valleys  and 
I  45c.  rate  from  a  near-by  furnace,  which 
rumor  has   it  took   the   business.     There 
has  not  been  a  sale  of  basic  pig  iron  re- 
sorted  with   such   details  as  to   indicate 
:he  status  of  the  local  market   for  more 
han  six  weeks,  and  all  that  can  be  said 
s  that  the  last  sale  was  at  S13,  Valley, 
vhile    since    then    furnaces    have     been 
)U0ting  S13.50  and  S13.75  in  the  absence 
)f  firm  offers  which  would  reduce  them 
0  their  lowest  terms.     Sales  of  bessemer 
ron  were  made  last  week  at  the  regular 
irice  of  $15,  Valley,  1500  tons  to  a  steel 
•reducer   in   Cleveland,    for   first-quarter 
elivery,  and  400  tons  to  a   foundry  in- 
-■rest  in  Sharon  for  early  delivery.  There 
as  been   considerable   business  done   in 
dd  lots  of  special-analysis  iron,  such  as 
pecial  basic   running   about    1    per  cervt. 
ilicon.     about     0.12     phosphorus     and 
02  per  cent,   or  less   in   sulphur,   this 
on  going  at  S14,  Valley.     Foundry  iron 
obtainable    from   a    few    quarters    at 


SI 3.75,  Valley,  but  $14  is  frequently  paid 
for  favorite  brands,  particularly  on  small 
tonnages. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  is  still 
softer,  and  $38.50,  Baltimore,  could  pos- 
sibly be  shaded  either  for  prompt  or  for- 
ward delivery,  freight  being  $1.95  to 
Pittsburg. 

Steel — The  principle  of  quoting  billets 
and  sheet  bars  on  a  Pittsburg  basis,  as 
noted  in  last  report,  is  being  well  ad- 
hered to,  and  the  market,  at  least  on  bes- 
semer steel,  is  steadier  than  tor  some 
time,  billets  being  $23  and  sheet  bars 
.524.50,  with  full  freight  added  from 
Pittsburg  to  destination.  Open-hearth 
steel  is  quotable  on  about  the  same  basis. 

Sheets — While  some  of  the  sheet  mills 
are  comfortably  filled  with  business  and 
are  not  actively  soliciting  orders,  others 
seem  to  need  business  badly,  and  as  low 
prices  are  being  made  on  occasion  as  at 
any  time  recently.  Regular  prices,  which 
are  sometimes  shaded  $1  a  ton  or  more, 
remain  at  2.20c.  for  black  sheets,  28 
gage,  3.20c.  for  galvanized,  1.65c.  for 
blue  annealed,  10  gage,  $1.60  for  painted 
corrugated  and  $2.80  for  galvanized  cor- 
rugated. 


St.  Louis 

Nov.  26 — The  iron  market  has  shown 
no  changes  this  week;  a  few  small  or- 
ders for  first-quarter  delivery  have  been 
closed  with  an  occasional  one  for  imme- 
diate shipment.  A  few  inquiries  for  sec- 
ond-quarter delivery  have  been  received 
but  as  far  as  known  no  business  has 
been  closed.  While  no  large  contracts 
have  been  closed  this  week,  yet  the  vol- 
ume of  business  has  been  firm.  The 
price  of  $11.50  per  ton,  Birmingham,  or 
S15.25  per  ton,  St.  Louis,  prevails  for 
No.  2  foundry. 


J    METAL- MARKETS 


M 


New  York.  Nov.  30 — During  the  last 
week  the  metal  markets  have  been  afflict- 
ed by  a  new  wave  of  pessimism.  The 
markets  in  general  have  been  exceeding- 
ly dull  and  show  slight  recessions  in 
price. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


UMTBU     STATES     i;ol,D     AND     SILVER     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 


Gold  : 
Oct.    liiio. 

■•      11109. 
Year  luio. 

•■      l'.}09. 

SUvir: 
Oct.    I'Jll). 

••      IINIK, 
Year  I'JIU. 

•■     1909. 


Exports. 


$    760,330 

9,371>.t0'2 

69,0{W.-111 

11KJ,«>2,'230 

4,2r.9..'i7r) 

4,o.'>;>,7«ri 
4n,HM,:ii8 

47.342,861 


Imports. 


t  4.>47,2.VJ 

7.11:14.104 

49.92il,:iH0 

38,139,56" 

3.3'.Pr).2(Kl 

4.lHK,l',r>9 

3(!.liW.404 

37,289,199 


Excess. 


Imp.t  3,490,929 

Exp.      2,:*4B.2;i« 

6,139.025 

68,512,679 


Exp. 


874,375 

.'■..II7(> 

9,:)«1.854 

10,053,662 


TCxnoils  frnm  tin-  port  nf  \pw  York,  wprk 
pnrt.'il  Nov.  -jr.:  Colil.  $.-.-.2(10.  to  llw  Wost 
IihIIps  •  -illvpr.  !?(ltii..-.4.-.  to  London  iinil  I'mls. 
Imports:  Cold.  .<'.;os.:!iiO.  from  Mpxlro.  Soiilli 
Amorirn  nnrt  .Inpan  :  sllvpr.  $1.10.127. 
IWpxIpo    ;ind    I'pni. 


Gold — Prices  on  the  open  market  in 
London  continue  at  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for 
bars  and  70s.  4'.d.  per  oz.  for  American 
coin.  The  Bank  of  England  is  now  less 
anxious  for  gold  and  supplies  were 
rather  widily  distributed.  In  New  York 
over  $1,000,000  gold  was  taken  for  ship- 
ment to  Canada. 

Platinum  —  Business  has  fallen  off, 
chietly  because  jewelers  have  ceased  to 
buy  for  the  holiday  trade.  The  market 
is  dull,  for  the  time  being.  Dealers 
quote  $39.50  per  oz.  for  refined  platinum 
and  S42r((43  for  hard  metal. 

Silver — The  market  the  past  week  has 
been  sustained  chiefly  by  purchases  on 
China  account.  The  present  outlook  in- 
dicates that  the  range  of  fluctuations  is 
likely  to  be  within  a  small  compass  for 
the  next  week. 

SILVER    AND    STERLING    EXCHANGE 


Nov. 

21 

25 

26 

28 

29 

30 

Now  York.... 

84% 

25V., 

4.8606 

55  >< 

25/„ 

4.8596 

65  >i; 

■■!5,'. 
4.8590 

55)i 

■mi 

4.8585 

55 

Loudou  .... 
Sterlluf;  Ex.. 

2SA 

25;.' 

4  8590 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver ;  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver,  0.925  Bne. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
Fast,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  Jan.   1   to  Nov.   17: 

1909.  1910.             Changes. 

India £.^,838.600  £6,140.000  I.    £    301,400 

China 1,829,300  1,218,500  D,          610.800 

Straits 82,800  D.  82,800 


Total £7.750.700      £7,35H,.500     D.    £    392.200 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  16.08d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 

The  total  stocks  of  bars  and  sycee  sil- 
ver in  China  are  estimated  at  £650,000, 
or  rather  less  than  a  year  ago. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NKW  YORK 


Copper. 

Till. 

Lead. 

Zlno. 

d 

^^ 

a 

ii£ 

.0 

MO 

.0 

HI"-" 

1 

II 
S3 

u 

-I 
>5U 

mo 

2t 

Vi.% 

12.70 

4.36 

6.97J 

5.82* 

25 

©13 

ffll2.80 

37K 

4.50 

©4.40 

©6.00 

©5.86 

1274 

12.70 

4.36 

5.96 

5.80 

2C 

ffll3 

(312.80 

37H 

4.60 

ra>4.40 

®6.00 

©6.86 

12J4 

12.70 

4.36 

6.95 

5.80 

28 

ffll3 

ffll2.75 

37X 

4.60 

ffl4.37Jj®5.97J 

©5. 82  J 

12J, 

12  70 

4.36  1     6  911 

6,76 

29 

rS)i3 

ffll2.76 

»7)i 

4.60 

(3H.37Jfflfl.95 

©5,80 

12;; 

12.70 

4.36  1     6.90 

6.76 

30 

fflis 

(®12  76 

37>i 

4.60 

(34.37  J  ©5.95 

©5.80 

from 


and  rpprespnt  the  hulk  of  the  transactions 
ma<ip  with  (■(HisuTUPi's.  basis  Npw  Yniit,  cash. 
'I'hp  pricps  of  casllim  copper  and  of  plpc(r<>lytlc 
calliodps  iirp  usuall.v  o.I2.-|c.  hplow  that  of 
plpctrolvtlc.  Thp  ipiotations  for  load  rppre- 
spnt whole.salp  transactions  In  the  open  mar- 
kpt.  The  fiuotatlons  on  spelter  are  for 
ordlnar.v  Westi'rn  brands ;  special  brands 
command   a   preinliim. 


1134 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


LONDON 


Copper 

1        Till. 

Lead. 

Spau- 

ish. 

Ziin-, 

0 
7-, 

Spel. 

:iMos 

Bust 
Sel'td  Spot. 

:i  Ml  IS 

urdi- 
uaries 

■i\ 

o7K 

38H 

615i 

168?,- 

168  >-, 

13A 

■n\ 

25 
.26 

37  K 

n«l5 

GlJi 

170 

17(1', 

1:<A 

■1\ 

57;. 

58?.' 

61  >i 

10974 

1711 ;« 

13VW 

•24 

■m 

S7j», 

88  )i 

61 

lfi9>i 

170 

13.=,! 

•>4 

■M 

67 -i 

58A 

61     1  llillJi 

170Vi 

ia,». 

24 

The  alKive  talile  Kivcs  I  lie  cliising  (iiiiita- 
ti.ms  ou  I.iindon  Metal  Kxcbanse.  All  prices 
are  In  luimids  sterliii«  per  tmi  .it  ■-'■J4ii  111. 
Copper  iinidiitions  are  for  staiiilard  .-..iiper. 
snot  aud  Hire.'  m.mtlis.  and  lor  best  se- 
lected price  for  the  latter  luMns;  siili.ject  lo  •! 
per  cent  discouul.  For  .-onvenience  in  com- 
parison of  London  prices  in  pounds  slerllllN- 
per  •'■'411  111.,  wilh  Aineri.-an  iirices  in  .'cnts 
per  pound  th.'  f.dl.iwinB  approximate  ratp.s 
are  .given:  tin  -  1^1  T '.:.•.  :  tlL'  -  ■  .t.lc.  ; 
£23  =  5c.;  £60=  i:!.04.-.   ±    tl   -     ±    iLJl^ 


Copp(,r— During  the  week  of  Nov.  24- 
30  the  market  has  beeti  very  dull.  Since 
the  culmination  of  the  advance,  in  the 
early  part  of  Nove-nber,  there  has  been  a 
tendency  toward  recession.  The  shading 
of  prices  in  the  effort  to  command  busi- 
ness became  .more  pronounced  last  week, 
when  electrolytic  was  openly  offered  by 
first  hands  at  12",sc..  delivered,  30  days, 
corresponding  to  about  12.72' ...c.  cash. 
New  York,  while  about  the  same  terms 
were  offered  for  delivery  in  Europe.  The 
business  that  has  been  transacted  has 
been  on  this  basis  or  a  trifle  lower.  Lake 
copper  has  been  freely  offered  at  13c., 
with  indications  of  concessions  from  that 
price.  The  feeling  among  producers  re- 
specting the  market  is  mixed,  but  the 
chances  are  that  a  returning  demand  froiii 
manufacturers  would  promptly  alter 
some  views.  At  the  close  Lake  copper 
it  quoted  at  12^s^"13c.  and  electrolytic 
Hn  cakes,  wirebars,  and  ingots  at  12.70r<( 
12.75c.  Casting  copper  is  quoted  nomin- 
ally at  12':. r«/ 12\^c.  as  the  average  for 
the   week. 

Copper  sheets  are  18f-/  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire,  is  H'^iC.  base,  carload  lots  .it 
mill. 

The  London  standard  market  has  also 
been  dull  and  has  fluctuated  within  nar- 
row limits.  The  close  is  cabled  at  £57 
5s.  for  spot,  and  i.SH  3s.  9d.  for  three 
months. 

F.xports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  4745  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  exports  frorr. 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  1064  tons. 

riV/— Notwithstanding  the  adverse  in- 
fluence on  the  market  so  far  as  the  con- 
sumption of  tin  on  this  side  is  concerned, 
the  bull  party  is  continuing  the  policy 
of  putting  up  prices,  and  from  the  magni- 
tude of  the  reported  transactions  the 
purchases,  in  order  to  attain  this  object, 
must  be  very  heavy.  Unless  an  increased 
consumptive    demand     from    the    United 


States  comes  to  the  assistance  of  the 
London  manipulators,  the  load  which  they 
have  to  carry  might  some  of  these  days 
become  too  heavy  for  them.  In  the  mean- 
time, prices  remain  firm  at  £169  15s.  for 
spot,  and  £170  5s.  for  three  months,  and 
at  37'4C.   New   York. 

Lead — There  is  a  steady  demand-  for 
this  metal  under  contract,  but  in  the  open 
market  the  situation  has  been  uncertain, 
some  interests  reporting  a  fair  business 
from  day  to  day,  while  others  say  "no 
business."  The  price  at  St.  Louis  has 
receded  a  little,  the  metal  being  freely 
offered  there  at  4.37!...  At  the  close  New 
York  is  quoted  at  4.50  and  St.  Louis  at 
4.35  r./ 4.37'.;  cents. 

The  European  market  continues  active 
at  last  prices.  Spanish  lead  being  quoted 
at  £13  3s.  9d.  and  English  at  £13  6s.  3d. 
per  ton. 

Spelter — The  general  pessimism  that 
has  once  more  overtaken  the  markets  has 
had  its  effect  upon  this  metal,  which  has 
been  offered  by  second  hands,  and  to 
some  extent  also  by  producers,  at  conces- 
sions in  price.  However,  the  transactions 
have  been  relatively  small.  Speculative 
stocks  are  believed  to  be  small  and  it 
is  believed  that,  all  things  considered,  the 
market  has  held  very  well  and  that  the 
setback  will  be  but  temporary.  The 
market  closes  at  5.75r(/ 5.80c.  St.  Louis, 
and  5,90 '■(/ 5.95c.  New  York. 

The  London  market  is  unchanged  at 
£24  for  good  ordinaries  and  £24  5s.  for 
specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.75  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru.  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

The  German  and  the  International  spel- 
ter conventions  have  been  renewed,  the 
International  being  extended  to  April  I, 
1914.  while  the  German  convention  will 
exist  to  April  1.  1916.  subject  to  the  pro- 
longation of  the  International  convention 
i.T  1914.  After  Jan.  1.  1911,  the  smel- 
ters will  be  unrestricted  as  to  production, 
but  if  unsold  stocks,  estimated  at  quart- 
erly intervals,  exceed  50,000  tons,  a  re- 
striction of  output  will  be  made,  com- 
puted according  to  the  production  in  the 
quarter    just    elapsed. 

The  extraordinary  demand  for  spelter 
in  Europe  in  1910  has  been  due  to  some 
extent  to  the  use  of  strips  of  sheet  zinc 
in  the  construction  of  traps  for  the  ex- 
termination of  grasshoppers.  A  large  ton- 
nage of  sheet  zinc  has  been  exported  to 
Argentina  for  this  purpose. 


U.  S.  at  T  ^c.\  while  ICdTVsC.  is  named 
for   outside    brands. 

Quicksilver — Sales  are  still  fair.  New 
York  quotations  are  S43.50  per  flask  of 
75  lb.  for  large  lots;  S45.50rr(  46.50  for 
jobbing  orders.  San  Francisco.  S43  for 
domestic  and  S2  less  for  export.  The 
London. price  is  £8  per  flask,  with  £7  10s. 
'iiS.1.    15s.   quoted    by   second   hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
f'/ 70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  SI. 50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business 
40r((4.5c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500- lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  high  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 


German  Metal  Trade 


Imports  and  exports  of  metals  other 
than  iron,  in  the  German  Empire,  for  the 
nine  months  ended  Sept.  30,  were,  in 
metric   tons: 


Imiiorts.  Exports.        Excess. 

C.ii'iier Uii.rvjr.  S'.i.iiiis  Imp.  80, 

Cojiper,  I'.KW.. . .  lMll,iM2  4K,71lll  Imp.  8-2, 

Tin 111.672  7.411:)  Imp.  :f, 

Tin,  I'.Niii 111,1112  .■i,.V2'.i  Imp.  4, 

L.'ad .■.1,4'JK  ;)3,21ii  Imp.  18, 

Li>ad,  Plllll .".4.611  30,707  Imp.  •i:!, 

Zinc :ll,0f4  81,0K(i  Exp.  .ill, 

Zinc,  loo'.i :i:f,ir20  7.-.,2K7  Exp.  42, 

MIckel :t,:i2:i  l.l.vj  Imj..  ■>, 

.Vickel,  looii 2.:i7:)  l,:j7o  Imp  1, 

.\1uminiiiii 7,146  1,766  Imp.  a, 

Aluiiiinum.  '00.  ...Ols  1.2.'».i  Imp.  4, 

Miscellaneous...  l.im  0,466  Exp.  8, 

Mlscellan's,  'O'.i  .s.M  7.7:i:i  Exp.  6, 


.54! 
,16'.> 

.^ 
,'ill- 
,814 
,91f 
,■261 
,171 
,00! 


The  figures  include  alloys  and  manu- 
factures of  the  different  metals.  Thf 
imports  and  exports  of  ores  for  the  nini 
months  were,  in  metric  tons: 


Ores : 
(.TOld  ore 

i;..lil  ore.  1000. . 
Silver  ore 

Silver  ore,  '00.. 
Copper  ore 

Oopjier  ore,  '00. 
Tin  ore 

Tin  .ire.  looo. .. 
Lead  ..re 

Lead. .re.  1000.. 
Zinc  ore 174,7:i:l 

Zinc  ore,  liHRi..     l.>:),044 
Nickel  ..re 

Ni.'kel  ore.  •(10. 
Clir.inie  ..re 

Chronic  ore.  '00 
P.vritcs 

Pyrites.  1000... 
Mlacellaneons. . . 

Miscellanys,  *oo 


Imports.  Exports. 


1 


1-22 

Lira 

1,118 

l.-.,:t7K 

16,'200 
12,.-.27 
11.127 
7:t..-.42 
.H7.06t 


4.7'20 
lO.llKl 
IS. 16:1 
10.0:17 

.■is:i..V27 

.>IH;,261 

4,7.V2 

4,;t80 


10.704 
16.8:tK 

7:i 

2:t 

l.:i.".ii 

1..-.77 

42.71'.! 

:).">. '28.) 


276 
.->,021 

7,r)7u 

0..-10.T 
.'542 
4H1 


Imp. 
Imii. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Exp. 
Exp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 
Imp. 


S 

lA" 
1,11 

4,.f. 

5: 

i-2,4; 

11,11 

72  1: 

811,:).' 

i:f2,0 

117.7 

4.7 

10,1 

17.8 

14.11 

.i7.'t.h 

406,7 


Other  Metals 

/I/um/fiH'n— The  market  has  been  dull, 
with  little  business  transacted.  Quota- 
tions are  nominally  unchanged,  at  22' jo.^ 
23c.  per  lb.  for  No.   1   ingots.  New  York. 

Antimony — Business  remains  dull  and 
prices  are  again  a  little  lower.  Cook- 
son's  is  now  quoted  at  7iic.  per  lb.,  and 


Miscellaneous    ores    include    tungste 
molybdenum     and     ores     of    other    rai. 
metals.     Imports  of  slags  and  slag  pr    A 
ducts    were    567,378   tons   this   year  ai   " 
360,370  in   1909;  exports,  46,892  tons 
1910  and  47,605  last  year. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  MarkeJs 

Joplin.  Mo..  Nov.  26 — The  highest  pri 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week  » 
$51  per  ton,  on  a  base  price  of  $48  r 
ton  of  60  per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silic: 
ore  sold  on  a  base  of  .''^24i'((27  per  ton 


December  3,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1135 


40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  average  price,  all 
grades  of  zinc  ore,  was  S44.94.  The 
highest  price  paid  tor  lead  ore  this  week 
was  S58  and  the  average  price,  all  grades, 
was  S56.32  per  ton. 

The  zinc  market  was  a  duplicate  of  the 
previous  week,  the  same  bins  of  ore  sell- 
ing on  the  high  base.  Today  ends  1 1 
months  of  this  year  and  the  shipment 
shows  a  decrease  of  2838  tons  of  zinc 
ore  and  1971  tons  of  lead  ore  from  the 
same  period  of  last  year,  and  a  decrease 
of  S552,l  13  in  total  values. 

siiu'.MKNTS.  \vi;i;k  kxdkii  n()\'.  211. 


CHEM ICALS 


Zinc-    111    Loail 


Wobb  Clty-C'artervllle 

J..t>lln 

\IMi-NVck 

iatrua 

MlBinl 

)roiii»go 

DuMiiweg 

iraiiby 

'ariJunction 

ipurKeou 

ta«li:or 

' vurnra 

'arthage 

Miapaw 

tiitt  City 

arrnxle 

IWMls 


:),H.>1, 

t.Tll, 

1117, 

.5S7, 

■2li."i 

:tll, 
:i64, 
47!l, 
29.5. 
3:W. 
2.17. 
173.1 
14i; 
11,5 


•51. 
42.^ 


T"tals lllJ,002,24n    1.4.55,1180     t2()5,785 


777,3!IIJ 
242.t>;n) 

fiK,2l>fl 

'-'tH1.22< 

4:!.(l7ll 

;l. 11811 


:)6,H.5II 


12,4:10 


Valuf*. 


$110,800 
47,CHP2 
22,04K 
1.5.0.57 
11.428 
0.148 
7.051 
7.040 
7.10:1 
li.2«i; 
.5,702 
:),8o:i 
:t.:iKo 
:),(KI1 
i.9i;7 

I,2U4 
800 


niMnths .54o.O'.i2.:i7o  7ii.:):t:i.B70  $12.73.5,.iok 

Inc  valUM.  the  wi'i>k.  $224,777;  11  ni",^,,    $lo.7.iit.840 

«aU  value,  tin*  Wt'ck,       41,IKIh;  11  muy.,  1.084.7.50 

Moxrili.Y  .\\i:i!.\(;|-  piticKS. 


Hontb. 

Zinc 

OBE. 

LEAD  OHE. 

Base  Price, 

AU  Ores, 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1 
1909.     1910. 

1909.  1  1910. 

nuary 

$41.23 

$47  :!1 

$38.4(i'$45,ir,'$52.17  $5(;  00 

biuary.... 

:)t>.94 

4o,r.o 

:i4  :17    :io  47i  .'iii  5o    .5:1  04 

irch 

S7.40 

4:t  i:o 

:i4  71    ;io  71    .50  Ki    ,51  2r. 

■-II 

:i8.t>:) 

41.  (XI 

:i7.oi    :io,:i:i   .55,(i:ii  40.72 

40  06 

40   10 

:17,42'  :17.51|  .5(>.,59'  48  10 
40:15^  :l7,8;l'  .57.. 52    48  80 

44  15 

40.20 

4:!.  06 

:io.ii:) 

41.11    :li;.80    6:1. 74i  48  .50 

■t 

48.25 

40.1:) 

44.54'  :i7.:i2;  .57.001  40  75 

Miber  . . 

47  70 

4:)  45 

44.87 

:io.ofl  .50.11,  54  7:1 

'  r 

40. 50 

4:1.  :)1 

45,75 

40.. 50 

65.02 

5:1 .  18 

"ibHr... 

61  :il 

48.20 

53.94 

Mar 

40.45 
$43.08 

47., 57 

65.20 

$41.20 

$54.60 

V'.Ti: — I'lidpr    zinc    nvf    lhi>    lirsi     iwii    coi- 

ns  uivp   imsp   prices    fm-   t;ii   pci-   ccnl.    zinc 

Ihe  si>cimd   two   the  aviM-ap'   fur  all   .ohs 

Load    ore    pricps    ai-p    the    avpiace    fm 

"S    sold. 

Vatteville.  Wis..  Nov.  26— The  highest 

paid   this   week    for    zinc    ore    was 

^0;  the 

base 

pric 

e,  60 

per 

:ent. 

zinc. 

M60i41.     The   base   price   paid    for 
I  i  ore  was  S52  per  ton. 


HiPMEXTS   wi;i:k  i:niii:ii  nov.  -jr.. 

Camps. 


r'll  Pv,lnt 

Illp 


'T 

>lty... 

villi'.. 

'Mil... 

iMirK. 


zinc 
■  >re,  lb, 
l,:i2o.2iKi 
727.7IKI 
0:15,050 
r>27,lMKI 
:i20.88o 
240,270 
210.IMNI 
i:i:i.(Hio 

K2.'HKI 


Lead 
•  •ro,  lb. 


ulpliiir 
lire,  lb. 


^'iton. 


159.870 


51.170 

100, IKK) 


I  date 


4.314.700        :i7:i.74ll 


..108,:i72,786    g,:W2,004  24,ltS,080 


iVcH'  York,  Nov.  30— The  general  mar- 
ket continues  quiet,  and  current  new 
business  is  small. 

Owing  to  the  early  date  in  December 
at  which  the  present  number  appears, 
and  the  fact  that  inany  changes  in  price 
are  made  on  the  first  of  the  month,  the 
publication  of  the  large  table  of  chem- 
ical prices  will  be  postponed  until  the 
issue   of   Dec.    10,   next   week. 

Copper  <Sulphate — The  export  trade 
has. been  sufficient  during  the  week  to 
keep  the  prices  firm  at  ,'^4  per  100  lb.  in 
carload  lots  and  .-^4.25  per  100  lb.  on 
smaller  transactions. 

Arsenic — Although  the  market  for 
white  arsenic  is  nominally  2'4C.  per  lb., 
rather  keen  competition  for  what  little 
business  there  is  has  resulted  in  shad- 
ing  this  price   in   certain   quarters. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Both  spot  and  futures 
of  nitrate  of  soda  are  quoted  at  2.12.' ..c. 
per  lb.     The  market  is  dull. 

Petroleum 

Russian  Petroleum  Tax — The  Russian 
government  has  decided  to  levy  the  tax 
on  petroleum  hereafter  on  the  basis  of 
the  quantity  of  oil  sold,  instead  of  the 
quantity  produced. 


6<:  MINING-STOCKS    $ 


jiipped  during  the  week  to  the  sepa- 
••«tig  plants,  3,267,313  lb.  zinc. 


New  York.  Nov.  30— The  general  stock 
markets  have  been  dull  and  heavy  for  the 
most  part,  with  light  trading,  chiefly  of  a 
professional  sort.  Such  business  as  was 
done  was  generally  at  lower  prices,  near- 
ly all  the  leading  issues  losing  in  quota- 
tions. The  close  shows  some  improve- 
ment. 

On  the  Curb  the  Cobalt  stocks  showed 
the  most  strength,  holding  their  prices 
better  than  most  stocks.  Copper  shares 
were  the  most  active  part  of  the  market, 
but  nearly  all  of  them  showed  a  declining 
tendency  and  sold  off  to  a  greater  or  less 
extent.  The  trading  was  not  large  in 
volume.  At  the  close  a  little  more  ac- 
tivity is  reported  with  some  gains  in 
prices. 

The  "war"  news  from  Mexico  had  only 
a  slight  and  tran--.ient  effect  on  the  Mex- 
ican stocks  in  the  New  York  and  Boston 
markets.  Mines  of  America  stock  on  the 
New  York  Curb  fell  off  for  a  couple  of 
days,  but  recovered.  American  Smelting 
and  Refining  issues  on  the  Exchange  were 
raided  a  few  points  on  reports  of  seizure 
of  some  plants  by  the  insurrectionists, 
but  quickly  recovered.  Altogether  the 
Mexican  securities  stood  up  very  well  un- 
der the  sensational  first  news  from  Mexico. 

Boston,  Nov.  29 — A  sharp  advance  in 
the  price  of  Calumet  &  Hecla  shares  to 
above  .'^700  per  share  a  week  ago  started 
reports  that  there  was  something  doing  in 
connection  with  the  long-talked-of  copper 


merger.  Coppers  were  slow  to  respond 
yet  they  did  show  signs  of  strength.  The 
bad  jolt  received  in  the  general  market 
yesterday  after  the  pessimistic  remarks 
of  James  J.  Hill  affected  copper  shares  to 
some  extent  but  not  enough  to  discourage 
holders. 

Calumet's  sharp  rise  to  .$700  was  sub- 
sequently   followed    by    as    sharp    a    de- 

rillTKI!    rHOlUCriON    HKl'UltTS. 

ri.piiiT  ciiiileuts  of  blister  copper.   In   pounds. 


Septem- 

Company. 

August. 

ber, 

Octobor. 

Anauonila 

22,200,000 

22,100,000 

Arl/.iiim.  Ltd 

2,020,000 

2,072.0(K 

3,(KJ4,(K)0 

BnbiklHla 

nil 

028,300 

Bole..  (Mexico) 

2,0:19,52(1 

2.001  .:ioo 

2,278,4.51 

Hrllish  Cil.  Cn 

042.:i41 

022.702 

702,154 

flipper  yueeli 

7.790.5.50 

o,oo:i,75r 

7,000,700 

Cftliiinot  .^  .Vriz 

2.500,(KK) 

2,5:l5,(«)0 

l,09ll,(KK) 

Cauauea  (.Mtixlco). . 

3.620.1KH) 

3,505,IKKl 

3„576,000 

Detroit 

2.11KI,000 

2,128,01  Kl 

1,757,830 

Kast  Butte 

025,84(1 

048,:li;o 

(irniiby 



1.184,234 

Imperial 

400,(H)0 

nil 

nil 

Moiiiniotli 

Moctezunia  (Mex.). 

l,'03fl,2('l4 

2,211,4:15 

1,701,108 

Nevada  Con 

0,0.52.021 

5,151,208 

5, 2.50,1  KK) 

Old  niiniinlon 

2.60:i,(KKI 

2,202,000 

2,:i45,IKI0 

Shann.iii             

1,.540.0II0 

1,418,000 

1,280.000 

Sllpel-liil-  &  Pitts.... 

2..520.(KH1 

2,125,000 

2,005,(K)0 

Utah  r.ipjMM-  Co.  . . . 

7.440,o:)5 

7,077,035 

7,582,210 

Butte  nistrlct 

2:1,7.50.01  HI 

Lake  Superior  

18,800.(K10 

10,7(K).000 

18,5(KI,000 

Total  production. 

80,122,200 

80,251.273 

84,37»,.530 

Iniiiorts,  bars,  etc.. 

13,:)24,788 

24,:l03,8,5y 

Total  bll.ster 

09,441.008 

1(M,6,55,1:12 

Deduct  Mex.  &B.  C. 

5,708,545 

0,:)90,137 

0.000,262 

Ni't  blister  rep. . . 

'.W,642,,523 

98,155,905 

Iinii.  in  ore  ,1;  matte 

13.031.2.54 

5,782,007 

Total 

100.073,777 

103,938,002 

lliiile  disirici  and  Lake  Suijerior  Ii;iures  are 
esliiiialed:  olliers  ore  reporls  received  from 
componies.  Iriiporls  diiplicale  production  of 
('.■iiianeo.  and  .Moetezuuia.  lioleo  copper  does 
nol  come  lo  .\iiierican  reliners.  rtah  Copper 
lepori  includes  the  oulpul  of  Ihe  lioston  mill. 
I'.ultc  district  pniduciion  from  September  is 
s-'iven  under  .Vnocondo   and   I'last  liiiiie. 


STATISTICS    111''    C(ll'l'l.:u. 


Month. 

nulted 

States 

Product'!!. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
tor  Export, 

XI,  10119 

XII 

I2l.ei8.:ii;9 
117,828,055 

06,867.873 
09,519,601 

55,200.696 
60.540.670 

Sear 

1,405,403,0.5C 

705,051,591 

680.942.620 

I,  lOlo 

II  

1I0,.547,287 
112,712,403 
120,0()7,407 
117,477,0:10 
123,242,470 
127.210,188 
118,:170,(K)3 
127,80:1,018 
110,510,083 
120,460,284 

78,1.58,387 
00,018,322 
02,844,818 
07,085.051 
.59.305.222 

.53,:io:i,loo 
.50.70s,175 
07,7:11,271 
O4..5(ll,018 
07,814,172 

81,001.673 
:17.:100,518 
40..5H5.767 
3I.:l:l2,434 
45.405,400 
05,805,948 
50,407,107 
01,831,780 
75,100,400 
68,180,012 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

Visible  Stocks. 

United 
States. 

Europe, 

Total. 

\i,  loim 

XII 

I.  1010 

II 

1.5:i,,5O9,02O 
153,003,527 
141,706,111 
08,463,:i:i0 
107,187,902 
123,824,874 
141,084.1.50 
100,425.073 
168,:i80.017 
17O.(:4O,078 
108.881  ,-245 
148,703,714 
1:10,261,014 

222,.5iai,40O 
230,857.0(KI 
244.204.800 
248..2:10.8(K) 
2.54.150.4(K) 
240.025,1'rfK) 
240.87II.4IK) 
2:10.142,400 
2:)2.802.8(K) 
222.:i2ll,(KK) 
218.444, 8(KI 
211,270,8(KI 
198,000,800 

376,076.026 
389.801.127 
385.070.911 
340.7(K).139 
301  .,338,392 
373,460,474 
:188.854,569 
300,508.373 
401,278.817 

:i02.O(;o.078 
:i87.:rio.o45 
360,070.514 
337,:122,711 

Til 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

l.'k'ures  aie  in  poumls  of  line  copper,  f.  S. 
production  includes  nil  copper  relined  in  tills 
iiiinlry.  boili  from  domestic  and  imported 
lualeilnl.  Visible  stocks  are  those  reported 
iin  (lie  first  day  of  I'ocli  nionlh.  as  brouKliI 
o\i'r   from   tlie   prpcpdinj;  month. 


1136 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,   1910. 


pers. 
after 
other 
tone. 

liimne 


cline  to  S655  on  small-sized  lots  but  it 
has  not  brought  any  distress  to  other  cop- 
North  Butte  had  a  fair  reaction 
a  period  of  strength  but  like  the 
copper  shares  maintains  a  firm 
The  injunction  against  the  Tuo- 
mine  over  the  matter  of  apex  has 
been  formally  dismissed,  an  agreement 
having  been  arrived  at  privately. 

Rhode  Island  Coal  has  been  the  Curb 
feature  with  a  somewhat  sensational  drop 
from  above  SIO  to  S7.25.  This  was  due 
to  the  fact  that  the  company  was  only 
able  to  dispose  of  about  1000  shares  of 
the  10,000  offered  to  stockholders  at  SIO 
share  The  stock  was  underwritten. 
Inspiration  and  Mason  Valley  continue 
Chino,  after  going  above  ^25,  re- 
fair  amount.  Butte  Central  pa- 
the   Curb   have  been 


TIN    AT    NEW    YORK 


S.\N  FRANCISCO. 


Nov.  29. 


Jlonth. 

1909. 

1910. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

January . . . 
FebruaiT  ■  ■ 

March 

April 

May 

June 

■28.060 
•>8.290 
28.727 
29. 4  W 
29.225 
29.322 

32.700 
32.920 
32.403 
32.976 
33 .  12n 
32.7f.9 

July 

August 

Soptember. 

October 

November. . 
December. . 

Av  Tear.. 

29.125 
29.9B6 
30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
.32.913 

32.695 
33.972 
34.982 
36.190 
36.547 

29.725 

Name  ot  Comp. 


in   rents  per  pound. 


per 


firm. 

acted  a 

pers  for  listing  on 

handed  in. 


i.i:ad 

Now  York.  1  St.  Louis. 

Loudon. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.^ 

1910. 

January 

4.175 

4  700 

4.025 

4., 582 

13.113 

13. 6,50 

February 

4.01S 

4  613 

3.868 

4.445 

13.313 

3  9S(> 

4.459 

3.835 

4.307 

April 

4.1118 

4.376 

4 .  051 

4 .  22.'. 

13. 297 

May 

4  287 

4.315 

4.214 

4 .  164 

l.t,22.i 

June 

4.350 

4 .  34; 

4.291 

4,207 

13  031 

July 

4.321 

4.40J 

4.188 

4   291 

12   .5|-,3 

.\ugust 

September  . . 

4.363 
4.342 

4. 401 
4,4(K1 

4.227 
4.215 

4   290 
4.289 

12.475 
12.781 
13.175 

12.513 
12.582 
13.091 

4  341 

4.4I» 

4.215 

November... 

4.370 

4  442 

4.252 

4.314 

13.047 

13,217 

December... 

4 .  560 

4.459 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

COMSTOCK  STOCKS 
Alta 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

ChoUar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  Curry... 
Hale  &  Norcross. 

Mexican 

Occidental 

Ophlr 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada — 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket  — 


Clg. 


J. 05 
.42 
.14 
.14 
.07 
.05 

t.70 
.80 
.44 
.03 
.11 
86 
.42 

1.02) 
.20' 

t.30 
.07 
.11 
.13 
.30 


Name  of  Comp. 


Bid. 


MISC.  NEV.  &CAL. 

Belmont 

Daisy 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

North  Star 

West  End  Con.... 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Bed  Hill 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 

Argonaut 

Cent,  Eureka 

So.  Eureka 


4.30 
t.03 

.38 

.21 

.19 

.04 

.49 

.12 

.07 

.13 

.18  i 

.23  , 

.06 

.02 

.07 
t.U 

.02 
}1.05  1 
IU.25 
t5.75 


i 
1 


N.  Y.  ESCH. 


Nov.  29 


Name  of  Comp. 


Clg. 


:BOSTONEXCH.    Nov.  2 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amador  C.  &  C...  Ida  . ... . . . 

Bonanza  Mt.  Copper,  Ida. 

Caledonia,  Nov 

Cedar  Creek,  Ida 

Chollar,  Nev 

Copper  King,  Ida. 

Florence  M.  &  M-,  !'!?;•■•■ 
Gold  Mt.  Champion,  Utah 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nev 

Horseshoe,  Ida 

Hypotheek,  Ida 

Ibex,  Ida  •;•  Vj"" 

Ida.  Copper  M.  Ltd.,  Ida.. 

Iron  Mask,  Ida 

Keystone,  Utah 

Little  North  Fork,  Ida.... 
Lucky  Swede  G.  &  C.  Ida. 

Mex.  Con.  M.  &  M 

Mineral  Farm.  Ida 

Missoula  Copper,  Ida 

North  Franklin,  Ida 

North  Star,  Ida 

Silver  Queen,  Utah 

Trans.-Cont.  S.  &  C.,  Ida.. 
Vienna  Vein,  Ida 


Dec. 

15 

S-..V. 

18 

Dec. 

9 

N<.v 

14 

Dei'. 

5 

Deo. 

16 

Fell 

•20 

Dec. 

1 

Dec 

NiiV 

Dec 

Nm 

No^ 

Dec. 

N 

Dec. 

Ni 

N< 

Dec.  12 

Dec.   15 

Nov.   28 

Dec 

N' 


Dec.   17 


Dec.   14 

Dec.  30 

J,in.   16 

Mar.  20 

Dec.   19 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Dec. 


Dee. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec.   31 

Jan.   16 

Dec.  20 
15iJan.  10 
24Pec.  15 


Dec.    15|Jau.    16 


$0,01 
0   001 

0.10 

0   004 

0.10 
0,01 
0,001 
0  00' 

0,10 

0  002 
0.007 
0.002 
0 .  003 
0.0U2 
0.05 
0 ,  004 
0 .  001 

1  00 
0.003 
0.01 
0.005 

0.001 

0  004 
0.002 
0.001 


New   York   nnd 
London,  pounds  ; 


St.    I.miis.   cents  per  pound. 
;teriinj;  per  long  ton. 


SPELTER 


New  York.  1 

St.   Louis. 

London. 

Month. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February — 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December... 

5.141 
4,889 
4,757 
4.965 
6,124 
5,402 
5,402 
6,729 
5.796 
6.199 
6.381 
6.249 

6  101 
5  569 
6,637 
6,439 
5,191 

5  128 
5,152 
5.279 
5.514 
6 .  ti28 

6  976 

4.991 
4.739 
4  607 
4.815 
4.974 
6.252 
5.252 
6.579 
6.646 
6.043 
6.231 
6.099 

6.951 
6  419 
6.487 
5.289 
6.041 
4.978 
6 .  002 
5.129 
6.364 
5.418 
5  826 

21.425 
21.662 
21.438 

21  531 
21.975 

22  000 

21  9i;9 

22  125 
22  901" 
23.201 
23.188 
23.094 

23,350 
23,188 
23,031 
22,469 
22   100 
22,otl4 
22   406 

22  .sou 

23  165 
23  900 
24,083 

Year 

5.503 

B.352 

22.201 

Amalgamated 

Am.  Agri.  Chem  . . 
Am.Sm.4Ref.,com 
Am.Sm.  iEef.,pt. 

Anaconda 

BethlehemSteelpf 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  &  I. 
FedoralM.&S.,pt. 

Goldfleld  Con 

GreatNor.,orectf. 

Homestake 

NafnalLead.com. 

National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Consul 

Pittsburg  Coal 

RepublicIiS.ciim. 

Republic  1  &a,pt. 

SlossSbetn'd,com. 

Sloss  Sheffield,  pf. 

Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper  — 

U.  S.  steel,  com 

U.  8.  Steel,  pf.. 

Va.  Car,  Chem , 


67  Jg 
145 

78^ 
104  H 

40>i 

62 

t6 

{68 

8 

68 

85 

104 
20 
19 

331; 

96}; 

60 
J116 
36 '4 
48?, 
77;^ 
117 'i 
61 'a 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Nov.  29 


Name  of  Comp. 


Moiitlilv 


Vverape   I'n 

SII.VI'R 


of  Metnls 


New   York   and   St,    T.ouis. 
ondon.  pounds  sterling  per 


cents  per  pound 
long  ton. 


TRICES  OF  t'k;  iron  XT  riTTSBIlSC. 


Month. 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 


New  York. 


1909.    1910, 


London. 


51  7.50.52  375  23,843' 
51,472  51  .534  23,706 


1910. 


,50  468 
51,428 
62  905 
2  538 
1  043 
.51  ,  125 
51  440 
,50  923 
60.703 
52.226 


Total.. 


-.1.4.54  23, 22' 
i3  221,23,708 
-)3  87024.343 
;i3  462  24  166 
54  150  23. .519 
52  912  23  .588 
.53  295:23.743 
,55  490123,502 


.(;35 


61.502 


23,351 
24.030 


24,154 
23,794 
23  690 
24.483 
24.797 
24.651 
25  034 
24,428 
24,667 
26.696 
25  680 


Basic. 


1909. 


January  — 
February... 

March 

April 

May 

June. ,. 

July 

August 

September  . 

October 

November, , 
December , , 


New    Y'ork,    cents 
pence    per    stiindaid 


per    fine 
iiiinii'. 


London, 


$17,18 
16,73 
16.40 
15.79 
15.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17,16 
18,44 
19 
19,901 
19.90 


$19  90  $16.40 
18  96|  16.09 
18. 53 


1910,  I  1909. 


$17,98$16,26 


18,28 
17.10 
16.1)2 
16.40 
16.09 
15.92 
16.90 
16.90 


Year $17.46 


15.84 
M.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 


No.  2 
Foundry. 


1909. 


$16.46 


17.211 
16.93 
16,84 
15,94 
16,60 
15,40 
14.89 
14.73 
14.01 
14  16 


15.90 
15,62 
15  0(5 
15,08 
15.63 
15,96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18  09 
17.90' 


1910. 


Clg. 


COLl'l'.K. 


January 

February. . . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . 

October 

November.. 
December. . 


New  YORK. 


Electrolytic  •    Lake. 


1909. 


13.893 

12,949 

1 

12,56' 

12.893 

13,214 

12,880 

13,1H)' 

12 , 870 


1910.     1909. 


13  620  14.280 
13  332  13,295 
13  256  12,821' 
12  733  12,93{ 


12 , 550 

12.404 

12.21 

12.490 

12.379 

12  7(Kl|12.653|13,030 

13  125  12.742  13.354 
13.2981 |13.047 


13.870 
13.719 


STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


London. 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Nov.  29 
Name  of  Comp.  1  Bid. 


61.198 
.57.688 


13.238 
13.518 
13,363 
13,296 
13,210 


13  586  66.231 
13  091  57.363 
12.886  .59.338 
12.798  69,627 


12,570 
12.71 
12,668 
12.788 
12  914 


Year. 


12.982 


13.336 


58,556 
,59  393 
59.021 
57.. 551 
>8.9n 
69.906 


60.923 
59.388 
9.214 
.57.238 
56.313 
66.310 
64.194 
65.733 
65,207 
56.722 
57.634 


.58.732 


New  YiirU,  cents  per  pound  Electrolytic  Is 
for  cnkes  Ingots  or  wlrebars.  London,  pounds 
stcrllni:    per   Ion'.-   ton.  standard   copper. 


Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Elkton  Con 

El  Pasi 

Fannie  Rawlins 

Flndlay 

Gold  Diillar 

Gold  Sovereign. 

Isabi^Ua 

.Tennie  Somplo  . 

Lexington 

Moon  Anchor 

Old  Gold -,.. 

Mary  McKlnney.. 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work 


SALT  LAKE 


Bingham  Copper 

Carisa . .-. 

Colorado  Mining 
Columbus  Con.. 

Daly  Judge 

Grand  Central. .. 
Iron  Blossom — 

Little  Dell 

Little  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth. 
Mason  Valley  . 
MaJ.  Mines.... 

May  Day 

Nevada  Hills. . 

New  York 

Prince  Con 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

Sioux  Con 

Uncle  Sara 

Victoria  


Artz.-Cananea.... 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek... 
Braden  Copper... 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition,,. 

Caledonia 

Calumet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines. . 

Chino 

Cobalt  Central — 

Con.  Ariz.  8m 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop  — 

Ely  Con 

ElBayo 

Florence 

Giroux 

Greene  Cananea. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am,, 

.  Mont,  Shoshone,, 

«16  iol  Mont.-Tonopah,.. 

*^''*"l Nov.  Utah  M,  &  S. 

Nipissing  Mines,, 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M,, 
Precioiis  Metals,, 

Ray  Central 

Rav  Con 

South  Utah  M.&S. 
Standard  Oil. 

Stewart 

Tonoiiah 

Tonepab  Ex,, 
Tri-BuUion,,, 

Tularosa 

Union  Minos,. 
Yukon  Gold... 


$17,94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
16.63 
15  40 
15  16 
14.93 
14,88 
14  78 


m 

Xs 

4J 

6M 

J2,' 

20?i 

li 

.87  >i 

t6H 

241-1 

9>J 

1% 

m 

t^ 

39 

3>i 
l>i 


Nov.  29 


Name  of  Comp.     Bid. 


198 

7K 

1.38 

193i 

5 

t.l4 

"   92 

1 

107i 

IS 
2?i 
20>,' 
1>4 
614 
% 
BH 
1,05 
K 
1 

% 
3« 


Adventure 

Algomah 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian  

Arizona  Com .... 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Bostim  b  Corbin 
Butto  &  Balak., 
Calumet  &  Ariz.,, 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con,  Mercur 

Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Ilntliana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion... 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Best, 

Sui)erlor  &  Pitts. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria  

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


Clg 

V 
10' 
43 
27- 

:* 

16 
ft    • 
t.60 
16 

6 
64 
656 
16 
t6 
70 

3 

W 
10 
146 
22 

2 
14 
19 

3 
35 

8 

9 

J48 
20 
33 
7 

t« 
IJS 
19 
76 
li 
44 
ti 

i: 

6) 

3< 

41 

r. 

V 

i 


I  BOSTON  CURB    Nov. 
Name  of  Comp!    Ls 


LONDON 
Name  of  Com. 

Dolores 

Stratton'sind 
Camp  Bird..., 
Esperanza.... 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Oroville 

Mexico  Mines 


£1 10s  Od 

0  3     3 

1  10 
1  18 
018 
1  6 
0  7 
7  10 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons,  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve..,. 
First  Nat,  Cop.... 

Inspiration 

Mnckinaw 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine  &  Ex. 
Nevada-Douglas. 

Oneci ' 

Raven  Copper... 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Sbattuck-Arlz..., 

South  Lake 

Superior  .^:  Globe. 

Trethewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


19; 
I'- 


(1 
t.O; 


tL.nst  nuotntlon. 


December  3,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1137 


rnn    x»iK    xxxx    xxxx    XXXX     XXAX    nn    yyvx    xxyy    xnvv    \nx    nxx    xxyx    xmot    vnx:    :)(yvy    -xxxx    mr 


/^  THE    MINING    INDEX  H^ 

A  CLASSIFIED  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  THE  CURRENT  ^ 
•^LITERATURE    OF  MINING  AND   METALLURGY. 


Ttm     yyyit     yvxx     xxxy     yy^y     x»yy     yyxx     yxyy     yvyy    yyyy    ttxx    yyyx     xxxx     yyyx    >yyy     vyyx     yyyy    yyyic 


This  ilKit'X  is  a  coiivcnii  nt  rclVrt'lu-e  to  \Uo 
current  litoralun'  of  niiniti;.'  and  melall>u-},'.v 
jmlilislieil  in  all  <il'  ili<>  impnitant  perimlioals 
of  tlie  world.  \Vi'  will  furnish  a  ciip.v  of  an.v 
article  (if  in  print  i.  in  ilic  original  lanynage. 
for  the  price  (|iioIcd.  Wlicrc  no  price  is 
(inoted.  the  cost  is  nnlinown.  inasniucli  as 
the  papers  must  lie  ordered  from  the  pub- 
lishers, tliere  will  lie  some  dela.v  for  foreign 
papers.  Kemittanci'  must  be  sent  with  order. 
Coupons  are  furnished  al  Ilie  following  iirices  : 
:;(ic.  each,  si.'i  for  .51.  :'.:'.  for  ^'>.  and  liii)  for 
Sl.-i.  \\"lu'n  remiltances  are  made  in  even 
tlollars,  we  will  return  the  excess  over  an 
order  in  coupons,   if  so  reiiueste<i. 

COAI,    A\I»    <OlvK 

i:{.84."i — AL.^r..\.MA — Kellerman  Mine,  Kel- 
lerman.  Ala.  N.  Ilutchins.  (Mines  and  .Min- 
erals, Nov..  I'.ilD;  :;i._.  pp..  illus.  I  Location, 
transportation,  method  of  handling  and  pre- 
paring   the    coal.      liOc. 

Vl.S4r> — AI.r.KUTA — Annual  Iteporl  of  De- 
partment of  I'ulilic  Works  of  the  I'rovince  of 
AllH-rta.  Coal  Mini'  I'.ranch.  iCan.  Min.  .lourn., 
Xov.   1,   I'.ilo;   -',    pp.,   illus.  I    -Jic. 

i;!,.'*47— ANALYSIS-  An  Acc\irate  Method 
for  Caloriinetric  Detei-miuations  on  .\nllira- 
clte  Coal,  <>st\ar  W.  I'almenhere.  (.Toiirn. 
Ind.    and    Eng.    Chem.,    Oct,,    lillo ;    1 '^    pp.. 

illus. I    tJMC. 

i:;,KIS — ClIIXA — The  I'iughsiang  Collier.v, 
K  1',  Swensen.  (Miu.  and  Sci.  Press,  Oct. 
j;i.   Iiun:   S'/^   pp..   illus.  i    •_'cic. 

13.S4tl — COKK— The  Klliott-.Iones  Vertical 
["oke  Oven.  T.  Camphell-Kuters.  (Iron  and 
•oal  Tr.  Ucv.,  Sept.  IC.  IDln:  1':,  pp..  illus. i 
I'aper  before  Insln.  of  .Min.  F.ngrs.     40c. 

1,'1,.S,~»0 — IH'ST  Hssais  sur  ies  lutiauima- 
ions  de  poussieres  Kxecuti'-s  a  la  Station 
I'Essais  de  I.K^vin.  ,1.  Taffanel.  iKuil..  Soc. 
1-^  rind.  .Minerale,  Sepl..  I'.ild:  i::  p|)..  illus.l 
'Experiments  on  the  explosivene.«s  of  various 
■eal  dusts  under  vai'ious  conditions  of  venti- 
atlon.  fineness,  etc. 

ir!,S,-il — DIST — rrench  Coal-dust  Experi- 
iienls.  .T.  Taffanel.  IColIierv  (Jnardian.  Oct. 
:i.  Xov.  4  and  11.  IIM":  7';^  pp..  illus.l 
ibstraeted  from  reports  pubtisluvl  b,v  Comity 
'entral   Ilouiileres   de    Krancc      .siic. 

Ki.S.TJ — KI.ECTUIC  roWKI!  -An  Incident 
II  Collii'rv  Eleclrical  Work.  .T.  .\.  Seager. 
i:ng.  ami  Min.  .loiirn.,  Nov,  TJ,  llllo  :  1  i;, 
p.  I    lillc. 

i:!..S.-|.-!      llAI-I.AtiE  — Kleclric     Haulage     in 

lines.      Arthur    Hall.       I  Iron    and    Coal    Tr. 

.   Oct.   7,    IflKi:   4    pp.,   illus.l      Taper  Iie- 

'     Nat.    Assn.    of   Colliei'.v    Managers.      40c. 

i:;.S.-,4  — INIiIANA — Mining   Coal    in    Soiitli- 

rn  Indlaim.     V.  \V.  Parsons.      ( l-'ng.  and  Min. 

num..  Oct.   2!l,    liPli):   4-.,    pp..   illus.l    'iOc. 

1.'!,S,-i.-,  —  I.OADINC  MACITIXK  —  A  Coal- 
lading  Machine.  W.  Whale.v.  (Mines  and 
llnerals.  Nov..  I'.ilci :  L' '  -  iul.  illus.l 
1S,,<<,-.(; — I,OW.(il!AI>l:  IMi:i.— Ausnutzung 
ilnderwerllger  Itrennstofl'c  aiif'  /.echen  des 
Iterbergamts  bezlrks  Oortmunrl..  Iliitow  and 
ohbelsteln.  (OliicUanf.  .\ug.  l.'l  and  '2t), 
nil:    4   pp.i 

13,S,-7  MTNMNC  METHODS  ^  American 
ongwall  Mining  Methods.  Ilenr.v  M.  T'a,vne. 
Kng.  and  Min.  .lourn..  Nov.  10,  lOKi :  ."i  pp,, 
'•'s.)    20c, 

::,S,-,R_nKI.AIK>MA— Coal    Mining  In    Ok- 

ma.      W.    P.    Thomas.       (Mines   and    Mln- 

^.  Nov..  11)10:  2';..   pp.,  illus.)   40e. 

i,S.-|.Sa  — PEAT     The    Kecoverv    of   B.v-Pro- 

is  from  Peal.     It.  W.  Iliigenslock.      (Chem. 

-•■.,   N<.v..    Pilo:    2   pp..    111ns.)    40e. 

i:;.R.-.n— PHILIPPINE    COAL,       (Far    East- 

Itev.,    Sept.,    1!I10:    r,   pp..    Illus.)    4nc. 
i:!..<«60— PKEPAKATION    -Coal  Washing  vs. 
Ling.      (Iron    and    Coal    Tr.    Itev.,    Nov.    4. 
I":    2"i    pp..    Illus.l    40c. 

l.'^.SGI— PIH'SSIA  -Die  tektonlschen  Ver- 
Itnlsse  der  nicderrhelnlsch  westfiilLschen 
inknhlenablagerung  auf  (Jriind  der  neueaten 
schliis.se,  Kukiik.  ((Jiiiekanf,  Aug,  27, 
''>:  '■>  pp.)    40c. 

'■..Sfi2     UESCUE    APPAKATfS— Vergleleh 

:il(ern    Driiirer-Anparate    mit    dem    neuen 

ilell    1010.      E.    .lilngst.       (Oliickauf.    Sept. 

Iftlfi:  r,i(,  pp..   Illus.)    4(ic. 
Kl.Sn,'?— RESCirE    STATIONS— Progress   of 


liescue  Stations  in  llritish  Coal  Mines.  T. 
I.ington.  (Min.  Wld.,  Oct.  1,  1010:  1  H;  pp,) 
20c, 

13,.S(!4— SA.MPI.INC  COAL  AND  COKE. 
E.  (;.  Hailey.  (Mines  and  .Minerals,  .Nov.. 
ISIIO:  1  p. I  Continuation  of  article  previously 
indexed.      40c. 

l.-i.SC.-i— SAND  FILLING — Die  Spiilversatz- 
einriciitungen  auf  der  Schachtanlage  I/VI  der 
Zeche  Consolidation.  B.  Schiifer.  (Gliickaut, 
Sept.  10,  lOlo:  4%   pp„  illus,)   40c. 

i:?.,S(5(i— srnFACE  WATER — Danger  of  In- 
rushes of  Surface  Water.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
.lotirn..   Nov.   12,   1010:   1 ':,   pp„  illus.l    20c. 

i:i„S(i7— TIPPLE  —  Up-to-date  Electrically 
Operated  Coal  Tiiiple,  F,  C.  Perkins.  (Min. 
Wld..    Oct.    20,    1010:    2   pp.,   illus.)    20c. 

l.i,.Sfi.S  —  UXDEUOROl'ND  CONVEYERS, 
(Min.   Eng..  Oct..   1010:  2  pp.,   illus,)    20c, 

i:i,S(iO — VOLATILE  MATTER  OF  COAL. 
The.  Horace  C.  Porter  and  F.  K.  Ovitz. 
(Bull.  1.  r.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines.  1010:  ."id  pp., 
illus.l 

13,S70— WESTPHALIA — Die  Rentahllitiit 
der  westfiilischen  Staatszechen,  .liingst. 
(Oliickauf,  Aug.   27,   1010:   13  pp,)    40c, 

COPPER 

13,,S71 — ALASKA — Chitina  Copper  Region 
in  Southern  Alaska,  L,  W,  Storm,  (Eng,  and 
Min,  .Tourn,,  Nov,  19,  1910:  2V4  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13,.S72 — ANALYSIS — Conditions  AlTecting 
the  Electrolytic  Determination  of  Copper. 
W.  C.  Blasdale  and  W.  Cruess.  (.Tourn.  Am. 
Chem.   Soc.   Oct..    1010:   14'{;  pp..   illus.)    SOc. 

13..S73  —  .\.NAI.VSIS  —  Thiocyanate  Deter- 
mination of  Copper,  r.  Tsukakoshi.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .lonrn..  Nov.  12,  1010:    '/.  p.)   20c. 

13..S74  —  ARIZONA  —  Copper  Deposits  of 
Northern  Yuma  County.  E.  Hlggins.  (Min. 
Wld..  Nov.  ,-|,  12„  and  10,  1010:  7'',  pp„ 
illus.)    fiOc. 

13..S7,"> — BOLIVIA — Bedded  Copper  Deposits 
of  Carangas,  Bolivia.  R.  Hanxhursl.  .Tr.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .lourn.,  Xov.  '>.  1910:  4  pp..  illus.) 
20c. 

13.870— CHILE— The 
District.  Chile.  Robert 
Mag..   Oct.,   1910:   7  pp., 

13.877  II YDROMETALLFRCY— The  Out- 
look for  llydronietallurgy  of  Coi)per.  W.  E. 
(Ireenawalt.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .Tourn.,  Xov.  12. 
1010:   ;'.  ])i).i    20e. 

13.878  — LEACH  IXCi  Applied  to  Copper 
Ore.  W.  I..  Austin.  (Mines  and  Methods. 
Oct.,  1010;  2^1  pp.)  Second  ardcle  review- 
ing results  accomplished,  with  particular  ref- 
erence to  experiments  at   Ray   mines.    ■  20c. 

13.879 — MATTE — The  Successive  Stages  In 
the  Bessemerising  of  Copper  Mattes  as  In- 
dicated bv  the  Converter  Flame.  D.  M.  Levy. 
(Bull.  74.   I.  M.  M.,  1010:  0%   pp.,  illus.l 

13.S.S0 — METALLCRflY-  Xotes  on  the 
Metallurgy  at  Coii|)erhlll.  Tenn.  f!.  A.  Guess. 
(Eng.  anrlMln.  .lourn.,  Oct,  29,  1010;  %  p.) 
20c, 

13.881  —  NEV.\D.\ — Fourth  Annual  Reiiort 
of  Nevada  Consolidated.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
,Tourn„  Nov.   to,   lOlO:  3'(,   pp„  illus.)    20c. 

13,882 — PRECIPITATION— Copper  Precip- 
Katlon  in  (lie  Bulle  Dislrict,  (Met.  and  Chem. 
Eng.,   Nov..    1010:    1  l.^    pp..   Illus.)    40e, 

13.883 — S.\MPLINf;  -Intlnence  of  Numlier 
of  Temiilet  Holes  In  Sn(ni)Ilne  Copper.  D.  M. 
I.lddell.  (Eng  and  Min.  .Tourn.,  Xov,  12. 
1010:     -:,    p.,    illus.l     20i 

IS. 884 — SAMPLINt!  Top  and  Bottom  Drill- 
ing In  T'ig  Copiier.  D.  M.  I.lddell.  (Eng.  and 
Min.   .Tourn..    Nov.    ."i,    1010:    '■^:.    |i.)    20c. 

13.88.-;  -SECONDARY  ENRICHMENT  In 
the  Copper  Deiioslis  of  Iluelva.  Spain.  A.  M. 
IMnlavson.      (Bull.   74.    I.    M.    M..    1010:    ll'/j 

pp.) 

GOLD    AXD    .SILVER 

13.8S(', — AFRICA— The  Gold  Coast:  The 
"Sick  Man"  of  (he  Mining  Industry.  .T.  Ralph. 
(Min.  .Tourn..  Oel.  22.  1010:  2'^  pp.)  To  he 
continued.      40c. 

in.S87 — AMALGAMATION — Notes  on  Bat- 
tery Practice.  A.  It.  Stacpoole.  (.Tourn.  Chem. 
Met  and  Min.  Soc.  of  So.  Africa,  Sept.,  1010: 
4    pp..    Illus.)    fiOc. 


Collalumsi  Copper 
Hawxhurst.  (Min. 
illus.)    40c. 


i;!,S8s  —  AIt(;ENTIXA  —  Algunos  Datos 
sobre  las  Minas  De  Estano  "San  Salvador" 
en  la  I'rovincia  de  Cittaitiarca.  Sjtiavador 
Mesquila.  (Exposicion  Industrial.  Buenos 
.\lres,    1010:    34  >i    pp..    iiins.) 

13.S.S0  —  AISTRAI.IA  —  T p     Mining     at 

Bendlgo.  W.  .1.  Rickard.  (Min,  Mag..  Oct..' 
1010:    2   pp..    Illus.  I    40c. 

13.800  —  BRITISH  COLUMBIA  —  Mineral 
Locations.  I'ordand  Canal  Dislricl.  in  the 
Skeena  Mining  Division.  Herbert  Carmichael. 
(Bull.  Xo.  1.  B.  C.  Bureau  of  Mines,  1009: 
21    pp..    illus.) 

13.891- BUrnSII  COLUMBIA— Poi-tiand. 
Canal  Mining  District.  British  Columljia. 
X.  W.  Eminens.  (Min.  Wld..  Xov.  12  and  10. 
1010:   siA   pp.,   illus.)     To  be  concluded.      40c. 

13.S02— CALIFORXIA— Xevada  Citv  Gold 
Mining  Dislrict.  California.  \.  II.  Martin. 
(Min.  Wld..  Sept.  24.   liilo:  2  pii..  illus.l   20c. 

13.893 — ^COI.ORADO — .Mining  in  the  Silver- 
ton  Quadrangle.  Colorado.  .\.  Lakes.  (Min. 
Wld..    Xov.   5.    101(1:    2    |)p..    illus.l    DOc. 

13.804— COSTA  RICA— Mining  Practice  at 
the  Montezuma  Mine.  Cos(a  Rica.  S.  F.  Shaw. 
(Min.   Wld..   Oct.   S.    1910;   2  pp.,   lllus, )    20c, 

13,80,-1 —CYAXIDIXG — A  Jlodification  of 
Pachuca-Tauk  Practice.  A.  ,T.  Yager.  (Min. 
and  Sci.  Press.  Oel.  22.  litlO:  1  p.,  Illus.)  20c. 

13,.89(!  —  CYAXIDIXG  —  New  Cyanide  De- 
vice for  Agitating  Solutions.  I^ee  Fraser. 
(Min.  and  g^ci.  Press.  Oct,  1.5,  1910;  1%  pp., 
illus.)    20c. 

13, .897 — CYAXIDIXG — Present  Tendencies 
In  Cyanide  Practice.  M.  R.  Lamb.  (  Eng.  and 
Min.   .lourn.,    Oct,   29,    1910;   4    pp.)    2(ic. 

13,898— CYAXIDIXG— Table  for  Standard- 
izing Sump  Solutions,  (^,  W.  Hess.  (.Min. 
and  Sci.  Press.  Oct.  T,  1910:  1  p..  Illus.l   2(ic. 

13.800 — CYANIDINt; — Vacuum  Filtiu-  for 
Zinc-Box  Slimes.  L.  Smith.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
.Tourn..   Nov.   ."i.    I'.ilO;    li    p..    IHus.)    20c. 

13.000— DREDGIXt;  COXDITIONS  on  the 
Seward  Peninsula.  (J.  B.  Massey,  11.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .Tourn,,  Xov.  29.  1910:  (;%  pp., 
illus.l    20c. 

13.901— EXTRACTION— Les  Methodes  Mo- 
denies  ))our  I'l-'xtracdon  de  i"Or.  (Rev.  de 
Chimie  Ind..  Oct.,  191(1;  7  pp..  illus.)   40e. 

13.902— FRENCH  GUIANA — The  Goldlields 
of  French  Guiana,  and  the  New  Method  of 
Dredging.  A.  F.  .1.  Bordeaux.  (Bull.  A.  I. 
M.   E..  Nov..   191(1;   27  pp..   illus.) 

13.903— HYDRAULIC  MINING— The  Fail 
ure  of  the  Yuba  River  Di'-bris  Barrier,  and  (lie 
ElTorts  Made  for  Its  Maintenance.  II.  II. 
Wadsworth.  (Proc.  A.  S.  C.  E.,  Sept..  I'.iKi; 
17^-1.    pp..    illus.l 

13.004 — MEXICO — The  .Vlamos  District  of 
Sonora.  .1.  E.  Brinegar.  ( Mex.  Min.  .lourn., 
Sept.,    1910;   1 'i    pp..   illus.)    2(ic. 

13.00.-> — ME.XICO — A  Geological  .lourney 
in  Guerrero.  ,T.  W.  Finch.  (Min.  and  Sci. 
Press.  Oct.   l.-i,   1010;   4 '4   pp.,  Illus,)    20c. 

1 3.00(i  —  MEXICO  —  The  Y'erbanis  Gold- 
Mining  District  of  Durango.  Wm.  B.  Phil- 
lips. (Mex.  Min.  .Tourn,,  Oct..  1010:  2  pp.. 
Illus.)    2(lc. 

13,907 — MII.I, — The  FIorence-Goldneld  Com- 
pany's JIlll,  Nevada,  A.  TL  Alartin.  (Min. 
Wld'..    Nov.    12.    1010;   1%    pp..  Illus.)    20c. 

13.908 — MILL  of  the  Randfontein  Central 
Gold  Mining  Companv.  E.  M.  Weston.  (Eng. 
and  Min.  .lourn.,  Nov.  12,  1910;  «,  p.,  Illus.l 
20c. 

13,900 — NEW  MEXICO— Mining  Operatlon.s 
In  the  Mogollons,  New  Mexico,  .T.  A.  Force. 
(Min.  Wld..  Oct.  29.  1910;  1 'f,  pp.,  Illus.l 
20c. 

13.910— XEW  ZEALAND — The  Big  River 
Mine.  Ri>efton.  Xew  Zealand.  Sidney  Fry. 
(Austral.  Min.  and  Eng.  Rev.,  Oct,  Ti,  1910: 
I    p„    Illus.l    40c. 

13.91 1  — XICARAGT'A  - 
Conditions  In  Xicaragua. 
(Min.   Wld..   Xov.   .-1.    1910; 

13.912— OX'l'.VRIO— The 
field.  A.  L.  Slinon.  (Min. 
5    pp..    Illus.)     4(ic. 

13.913— ONTARIO — Annual  Report  of  Kerr 
Lake  Mining  Company.  (Eng.  and  Min. 
.Tourn..   Oct.    ^r,.    1910:    1    p.)    20c. 

13.914 — ONTARIO — I'orcnplne      Gold      De- 


Promlslng     Mining 
T.    Lane    Carler. 
4   pp.,   illus.)    20c. 
Porcupine     Gold- 
Mag..   Nov..   1910; 


1138 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3,    1910. 


posits.  U.  E.  Hore.  (Can.  Min.  .lomn.,  Nov. 
1.   1910;   7V2    W;   illus.)    liOc. 

i;!,nio — ONTARIO — The  Stnic-ture  of  Sil- 
ver Deposits  of  Nipissing.  It.  E.  More.  (Mm. 
Avid.,  Oct.  22,  1910:  4%    pp.,  illus.)   L'Oc. 

13.016 — OUE  REDUCTION — Notes  on  Re- 
duction I'lants  for  Gold  and  Silver  Ore.  G.  A. 
lunny.  i  Mex.  Min.  .lourn..  Nov..  lilli):  :i  pp.. 
illus.)    2Uc. 

13,917— ORE-REDUCTION  PLANT  at  Cit.v 
Deep  Mines,  I.td.  R.  Gascoyne.  (Min.  W  Id.. 
Oct.  J-'2,    1910 ;    2   pp..   illus.)    20c. 

13,918— PATIO  PROCESS.  Tlic.  1".  .Mac- 
Cuy.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .Tourn.,  Nov.  12.  101  o  : 
%    p.,   illus. i    2iic. 

]3  910  —  QUEENSL.\N1)  —  Granite  Castle 
Reef.  Mount  Emu  Gold  Field.  \V.  K.  Cani- 
f-ron.  I  Queensland  (!ovt.  Min.  .I(.\irn..  Oct. 
l.j.    lOlii:    I'i    pp.1    Oi>c. 

l:{il-ii OUEENSI..\.N'I'  —  Notes     on      the 

Mount  Morgan  Ore  Deposits,  (iueenslancl. 
.1.  B.  Wilson.  (Bull.  74.  I.  .M.  M.,  lOlil;  1. 
pp.,    illus.) 

13  92.-? — SAND  FII.I.I.NG  .in  llie  Witwaters- 
rand'  E.  Pam.  i. lourn.  Cliein..  Met.  and 
Min.  Soc.  of  So.  Africa,  Sept..  1010;  4  Vi  pp.. 
illus.)  Discussion  on  paper  previously  in- 
dexed.    (!0c. 

U^n-M  —  SOTTH  DAKOTA  —  Tile  Black 
Hills"  of  South  Dakota.  W.  II.  Storms.  (Mm. 
and  Sci.  Press,  Oct.  15  and  20.  lolo  ;  .,  pp.i 
Continuation  of  article  previously  indexed. 
4iic. 

13  025 TUBE  MlI.I.l  .VG— The  Distribution 

of  p'rli)  for  Tube  Milling.  A.  Rolierlson. 
(.Tourn.'  Cheni..  Met.  and  Min.  Soe.  (it  So. 
Africa.    Sept..    lOKI;    1'.,    pp.,    illus.  i    lidc. 

13  0Ti I'TAII — Miniir,  and  Milling  at  the 

I)ah-.Iiidge,  Park  City.      1.  A.  Palmer.      iSalt. 
Lake  Min.  Rev.,   Oct.  30,   lOli);   4   pp..    illus.  1 
20c. 

IRON    AyO    STKEI, 

1:j017 BLAST    FURN.VCE — New    Furnace 

B  of  the  Detroit  Iron  and  Steel  Company. 
(Iron  Tr.  Rev.,  Nov.  17,  1910;  2'1  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

13  02S — t'.\LIFOI!NIA — Iron  Mining  and 
Smelting  in  Olifornia.  A.  II.  Martin.  (Min. 
Sci.,    Nov.    10,    191(1;    2   pp..    illus.l    2iic. 

13  920 — c.\ST  IRON — The  Effect  of  Sul- 
phur'and  Silicon  on  Cast  Iron.  .1.  E.  Stead. 
(Mech.  Engr..  Sept.  :^0.  lOlii :  1%  pp..  illus.  | 
.\ddress  before  British  .\ssociation.  Chemical 
Section.      To  he   continued.      20c. 

13  930 — CUB.\ — Iron  Ores  of  Santiago. 
Cuba  E  B.  Wilson.  (Mines  and  Minerals, 
Nov.,    1010;   4'^    pp-   illus.l    40c. 

13,931 — ELECTRIC  FUi:N.\CES  — Nouveaux 
Types  de  Fours  Electriques  pour  la  Fahrica- 
ti'on  de  TAcier.  (Genie  Civ..  Sept.  In.  1010; 
1  Vi  pp.,  illus.)  4(lc.  New  types  of  electric 
^teel  furnaces,  including  that  at  the  South 
Chicago  works  of  the  Illinois  Slccl  Company. 
40c. 

13,932  —  ELECTRIC  SM!=;LTING  —  A  New 
Electric  Arc  I'rocess  for  Producing  and  Re- 
fining Steel.  F.  C.  Perkins.  (Can.  Min. 
.lourn.,   Nov.   l.".,   1910;   3  pp..  illus.)    20c. 

13  033 — ELECTRIC  SMELTING.  (Iron  and 
Coal'  Tr.  Rev.,  Sept.  2.  lOlll;  1  p..  illus.) 
Abstract  of  paper  before  Polytechnic  Soc  y  of 
Christiania,   by   P.    Farup.      4iic. 

13  934 — ELECTRIC  SMELTING — The  Di- 
rect Manufacture  in  the  Electric  Furnace  of 
Steels  and  Ferro-A'lovs.  R.  M.  Keeney  and 
Geo  M.  Lee.  (West.  Chem.  and  Met.,  Oct., 
101(1;  10  pp.,  illus.)  Continuation  of  article 
previously    indexed,      line. 

13  93.") — FATIGI'E  OF  METALS — Some  Ex- 
periments on  Fatigue  of  Metals.  .1.  11.  Smith. 
(Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  Sent.  30.  1019;  S-^:, 
pp..  illus.l  Paper  before  Iron  and  Steel  In- 
stitute,    40c. 

13  931; — CAS  ENGINES — First  Large  Gas- 
Englne  Installation  in  American  Steel  Works. 
E.  P.  Coleman.  (.Tourn.  A.  S.  M.  E.,  Nov.. 
1910;    .S9    pp.,    illus.) 

13  937 — I|.\RDENING — Theory  of  llarden- 
In"  ('•arhon  Steel.  C.  A.  Edwards.  (Iron  and 
Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  Sept.  :10,  1910;  3  pp.,  illus.) 
40c. 

13  93S — HEAT  TRE.VTMENT — La  Trans- 
formation de  I'Acler  dans  les  Llmlles  de  Tem- 
pC-rature  T'tllls(cs  pour  les  Traitements  Ther- 
ml(iU"s.  L.  Gren-t.  (Bull.  Sic.  de  llnd. 
Mln<!rale,  Aug.,   1910;   u2  pp..   illus.) 

13  930  —  I,.\BOR  CONDII'IONS  —  P.elter- 
inint  of  Labor  Condllions  In  the  Steel  In- 
dustry. W,  B.  Dickson.  (Eng.  Rec,  Oct.  29 
1910-  "'-',  pp.)  Address  before  Am.  Iron  and 
Steel' Inst.,    Oct.    14.    1910.      20c. 

13  940— MAGNETIC  CONCENTRATION— 
La  Preparation  magnellriue  drs  Minerals  de 
Fer  en  Allemagne  el  en  Suede.  .1.  Dcschamps 
and  L.  finnet.  (Echo  des  Mines.  Nov,  14, 
1910:    IMi    PP-^    Statistical    review.      20c. 

13  941— MAGNETITE  DEPOSITS— Struc- 
ture'and  Origin  of  the  Magnetite  Deposits 
near  Dlllsburg.  "i'ork  Counly.  Pennsylvania. 
(Ecnn.  Geol.,   Nov.,   1910;   2.-.  pp.,   illus,)    00c. 


W     II. 

1010  ; 


and 
illus.l 


13,942— MANGANESE  IN  CAST  IRON  and 
the  Volume  Ctxiuges  durihg  Cooling,  II,  I. 
Coe  ( Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  Sept.  oO, 
1910;  U'-i  pp..  illus.l  Paper  before  Iron  and 
Steel    Institute.      40c. 

13  943  —  MET.\LL0GR.\1'11Y  —  Sulphurous 
\cid  as  Metallographic  Etching  Medium.  S. 
ililpert  and  E.  Colver-tJlauert.  (Iron  and 
Coal  Tr.  Rev.,  Sept.  3(i,  1010;  1 '4  pp.,  illus.) 
Paper   before    Iron   and    Steel    Institute.      40c. 

13  944  —  MINNESOTA'S  (SREAT  IRON- 
MINIng  INDUSTRY.  W.  W.  ,1.  Cr.ize.  I  Min. 
WId.,    Oct.    l."i,    1010;   4^'',    pp.,   illus.)    20c.. 

13  04.-.— revi:rberatory  furnaces— 

(Uesseriiflammiifen  und  ihre  Berechnung. 
Bernhard  Osann.  (Stahl  u.  Eisen,  Sept.  i, 
P-IO;    S    pp..    illus.l    40e. 

13, 040 — SILICON  IN  CAST  IR(1N— The 
Influence  of  Silicon  on  Pure  Cast  Iron,  .\rthur 
Hague  and  T.  Turner.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr. 
Rev.,  Sept.  .3(1,  1010;  3^';  pp.,  illus,)  Paper 
before    Iron    and    Steel    Institute.      40c. 

13  947  —  STEEL  WORKS  —  Improvements 
at  tlle  Bethlehem  Steel  Works.  B.  Hartley. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  .Tce.irn..  Nov.  19,  1919;  i;, 
p.,  illus.l    2iic. 

13.947a— SI-PPI.Y  (IF  IKON.  The,  .L  F, 
Kemp.  (Min.  Mag.,  Nov..  lOKi;  4  pp.  l  A 
cn-itribution  to  a  discussion  before  the  In- 
lernational  (ieologicai  (^ongress  at  Stockholm. 
4i)c. 

I:i04.'<  — TITANIFEROUS  IRON  ORES, 
Vnalvsis  of.  W.  D.  Brown.  (Met.  and  Chem, 
Fug.,'   Nov.,   1910:    li.j    pp.  I    40e. 

13,040  —  TITANIFEROUS  IRON  ORE  — 
Some  Experiments  on  Smelting  Titaniferous 
lion  Ore.  G.  II.  Stanley.  ( .Tourn.  (^hem..  Met. 
and  :Min.  Soc.  of  So.  .Vfrica,  Sept.,  1910;  2 
pp.1    Author's    reply    to    discussion.    00c. 

i.KAn,  ZINC    \M)  oTHi'-K   ■\ir.-r\i,s 

13  9.">0 — ALUMINUM — Metodo  de  Eusayo 
de  los  Min -rales  de  Aluminio.  ( Revista 
Minera,   Aug.    24,    1910:    I'i.    pp.i    4iic. 

13  9.-,! — LI^AD — Electrolytic    Determinatii 
of    Lead   in    Ores.      R.    C.    Benner   and 
Ross,      (Min,   and   Sci,    Press,    Nov.    12 
1  %     pp. )     20c. 

13  9.-,2 — I.E.VD — The    Manufacture    of    Sub- 
limed   White    Lead.      ,T,    L    Blair,      (En; 
Min.    ,Tourn.,    Nov,    ."i,    1910:    2i<,    pp„ 
20c. 

13,9.-i:i — I,EAD  MINING  in  Seolhiud.  (En- 
gineering,   Nov.  4,    101(1;    1    p.  I    4(lc. 

13  O,-.! — MANIiANESE  — The  Last  Gasp  of 
Ihe  Russian  (Chiaturii  Manganese  Industry. 
E,  de  llautpick.  (Min.  ,Tourn.,  Nov.  12, 
1910;    -n    p.)    40c, 

13.0,-,.-> PL.\TINUM — (Jovernmenl      Monop 

olv    of    Russian    Platinum    ludusiry. 

llautpick.      (Min,  .Tourn..   No 

40e. 

13,9.-|<i — RADIUM — A       New       Radio- Activ 
Mineral     in     Western     Australia, 
E.    S.    Simpson.       (.\ustralian 
Sept.    7,    ]!)lii;    1    p.  I    4iic. 

13  9.-,7 — TIN— Mount  Bischolf  Tin  Mine. 
Tasmania,  .1.  D.  Millen.  (Min.  ,Touin.,  Aug, 
C,  13,  27,  and  Sept.  3,  1910:  SV^  pp„  illus,) 
,Si.40. 

13  0.-,,S — TIN — Prospecting  for  Tin  in  Siain. 
(;.  B,  .\denev,  (Min.  Mag.,  Oct.,  101(i;  2  pp., 
illus.l    40c. 

i:!,9.".9 — TUN(;STI:N — Mamifacture    of    Me- 
tallic   Tungsten    and    FerroTungslen. 
Pratt,      (l';;;g.  and  Min.  .Tourn.,  Nov.  1 
V,    p,)     20c. 

13  9(>0 — TUNtiSTEN — Occiirreni-e  of  Tung 
sten  in  Rand  Distrbl.  Cal.  S.  II.  liolbi>ar 
(Eng.  and  Min.  .Tourn,,  Nov,  ,i,  1019;  1'-. 
pp.)    2iic. 

13,901  — VAN.\D1U:M   in   Melallurgy 
Smith    and    W.    1..    Turner.       (Iron    and 
Tr.    Rev.,    SepI,    9,    23,    Oct,    7,    21,    and 
11,    191(1.1 

13  902  VANADIT'M — Sierra  Counly,  N.  M.. 
Vanadium  Deii.  sits.  B.  I.eatherbee.  (.\Iln. 
Wld.,   Oct,   29,   101(1 ;    1   p.,   illus.l    2(ic. 

13,903 — ZINC — Analysis  of  Zinc  Retort 
Residues.  ,1,  C.  Evans.  (West.  Cbeiu.  and 
Met.,    Nov..    1910;    2';j    pp.1    0(ic. 

13,004 — ZINC — Electromclalurgia  del  Cine. 
N.  Sainz,  ( R"vlsla  Minera,  ,Iuly,.  loin ;  :! 
|ip,,    illus,)    40c. 

13,9n.--ZINC — Die  Kondensation  dec  Zink- 
diimpfe  In  den  Vorlagen  der  Zinkiifeu.  .V. 
Roilzhelm,  (Melallurgie,  Oct.  S,  191ii;  4  pp., 
illus,)    40c. 

13,900 — ZINC — Reclaiming  Zinc-Lead  Fines. 
Lucius  L,  Wittlch.  (Mines  and  Minerals, 
Oct.,    1910;    'Yi     p.,    illus.l    2(ic. 

13,907  —  ZINC  —  Ueber  den  Elntiuss  von 
Wasserdampf,  bezw,  Kohlenwa.sserstoffen  auf 
die  Ri'.slnng  der  ZInkhlende,  V.  Thomas. 
(Metallurgie,  Oct.  S,  1910;  4  pp.,  Illus,)  40c. 
13,9f>S — ZINC  ORE  DRESSING  In  Colorado 
— II,  II,  C,  Parmeice.  (Met,  and  Chem.  Eng,, 
Nov,,    1910:   2'(.    pp„    illus.)    40c. 


i:.    de 
r.iKi;   1    p.  I 


•IMIIiarile." 
Min.      Stand., 


L.    R. 
P.iKi ; 


,1.  K. 
Coal 
Nov, 


XONMETALLIC    .>H-\KIIAL,S 

13,969 — ASBESTOS  in  Wyoming,  11.  c. 
Beeler.  (Eng,  and  Min.  Journ,,  Nov,  12, 
1910:    %    p,,   illus,)    20c, 

13,970 — ASBESTOS  —  Die  Eruptivgestelne 
des  Troodos-(ieb!rges  auf  der  Insel  Cypern  und 
seine  Ashestlagerstiitten,  Zdarsky.  (Zeit,  f. 
prakt.    Geol.,    Sept.,    1910;    0   pp,)    40c, 

13,071 — ASBESTOS— The  Production  of 
Asbestos  in  10(19.  J,  S.  Diller.  (Advance 
chapter  from  Mineral  Resources  of  the  U,  S  • 
111   pp.) 

i:>.972 — CEMENT — -Combustion   in   Cement-  . 
Burning,      (Bull.  A.  I.  M.  E-,  Nov.,  1910:  TV. 
pp.i    Discussion   of  paper  by   Mr.   Eldred.   pre'- 
viously   indexed.      4()c. 

13,97;: — CEMENT— The  Skanska  Portland 
Cement  Works  in  Sweden.  (Engineer,  Oct,  2S, 
1010;    2';..    pp.,    illus.)     JOc- 

13,974— CEMENT — The  Rotary  Kiln.  Ellis 
Soper.  (.lourn.  A.  S-  M.  E.,  Oct,,  1910:  la 
III).,    illus.) 

13,97,") — DIA.MONDS — The  Artiticial  Pro- 
duction of  (Jems.  I'rof.  Wilkinson.  I  So.  African 
Min.   .Tourn-,   Aug.   27.    1010;   2  U    pp.)    20c, 

13.970 — (IR.VNITE — The  Scottish  (irainite- 
Industrv.  William  Diack.  (Cassier's  Mag,, 
Aug..   101(1;   91...    pp.,   illus.l    4ilc. 

13,977 — POT.YSII — Germany's  Potash  De- 
posits and  Jlines.  It.  .T.  Thompson.  (Daily 
Consular  and  Trade  Reports,  Nov,  2.'>,  1910; 
4   pp.1 

PETROI.EI  M    .VXn    XATl'RAI.    G.\S 

13,978  —  (WI.IFORNl.Y  —  Preliminary  Re- 
port on  the  (ieology  and  Oil  Prospects  of  the 
Cantua-Panoche  Region.  California.  R.Ander- 
son, (Bull.  431-A,  U-  S.  Geol,  Survey,  1910; 
29    pp.  I 

13,98(1  —  .T.\P.\N — -The  Geolosy  of  the 
Echigo  Oil  Field.  Tsunenaka  Iki.  (Pet.  Uev.. 
Sept.  24,  Oct,  8,  22,  and  Nov.  ."i.  191(1;  8  pp.) 
,'?1.20, 

13  9S1 — .T.M-AN — The  Petroleum  Industry 
.if  ,Tapan.  (Petrol.  Rev,,  Oct.  27,  1910;  2V4 
pp.,    illus.l    40c, 

13,982 — MENICO — Oil  in  Mexico,  S,  A.  R. 
Skertchly.  (Min.  Mag,,  Oct.,  1910;  4  pp., 
illus.  I 

13  983 — NORTH  DAKOTA — Natural  Gas 
in  North  Dakota,  A,  G,  Leonard,  (Bull. 
431-A,    U.    S.    Geol.    Survey.    1910;    ."iV.    pp.) 

13,984 — OCCURRENCE  of  Oil  and  Gas. 
W.  Forstner-  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press,  Nov,  12, 
1910  :   4 I'i    pp.,   illus.l    20c- 

13,9.8,-1- OIL-SHALE  .\N.^LYSIS— Commer- 
cial Methods  for  the  .\nalysis  of  Oil  Shales. 
H.  l.everin,  (Pacific  Miner,  Oct.,  1910;  1% 
pp.)  Extract  from  Bull.  ."lO  of  Canada  Dept. 
of   Mines.      20c, 

13,9.S(i_OlL  SITUATION  from  a  Gas- 
Man's  \'iewpoint,  II.  W,  Burkhart,  (Prog. 
Age,    Nov.    1,    1910;    214    pp,,   illus.l    2(ic, 

13,9.t;7 — OREGON — Gas  Prospects  in  Har- 
ney 'V'allev,  Oregon.  <^.  W.  Washburne.  (Bull. 
4:!'l-.\.    I"'.    S,    (ieol.    Survey,    1910;    1 V';    PP-) 

13.98,8 — OREGON    AND    IDAHO- Gas   and 
Oil    Prospects    near    Vale,    Oregon^  and    Pay- 
ette,  Idaho,     C.  W,  Washburn, 
U.    S,   Geol,   Survey,    1910:   31 

1 3,9SSa — PERU — Petroleum 
Peru.  (Peru  Today,  Sept,, 
illus.l     20c. 

13,989 — RUM.\NL\ — La  .Monopolisation  de 
riudustrie  ilu  Pi^trole,  (Rev.  Gi^ncrale,  Aug. 
8,  1910;  "t-'.  pp.  I  liiscussion  .if  the  general 
.lil  sales  uuestiou,  and  the  efforts  of  the  Ru- 
e.ianian  oil  companies  to  extend  their  terrl- 
torv    on    a    profitable   basis.      4flc. 

13.99(1  — TRANSVAAL  OII^SHALE  Dfe 
POSITS.  (So.  .\frieau  Min.  .Tourn-,  Oct,  IS, 
1910;    1-%    pp.1    40c, 

13  991 — T'T.MI — The  San  ,luan  oil  Field. 
San',Tiian  Co-intv,  Utah.  II.  K.  Gri-gory. 
(Bull.  431.A,  I',  S,  Geol.  Survey,  lOKl;  ir. 
pp.,   illus.) 


(Bull,  431-A, 
pp,) 

Industry      in 
1910;     ,-)     pp.. 


ECONOMIC    GEOHXiV— (il■;^EH.V^ 
13.).l■■ GER.M.VNY     -Her        Basteuberger 

Gangzug  hei  Ramsbeck  in  Westfiibui  und  seltt 
Nebengesteiu.  Eickhoff.  (Zi4t.  f.  prakt. 
Geol.,    Aug.,    1910;    2.-|   pp-,    illus- 1    4(ie. 

13  90,3 ,TAVA — Der    uuberiihrle     RelchtuBl 

an  Erzen  In  ,Tava.  Belschner.  (B-  u.  Hi 
Rundschau,    Sept.    20.    1910:    I'i    PP-) 

13  994  —  .MINERALS— Guide  lo  the  "Sight 
Recognition'  of  Sevenly  Important  Minernlg. 
\  ,1  Moses,  I  School  of  Mines  IJuarteriy, 
,'lulv,    1910;    20    pp)    00c, 

1'!  '10,-)  -  -MONTANA  —  Stratigraphic  Uel«- 
Ihrns  .,f  the  Livingston  Fm'mali.iii  ..1  Mon- 
tana, Part  II,  Area  bet,veen  ll.iuble  Kn" 
and  Bridger  Range,  R,  W.  St.;u.'  and  W  -  «■ 
Calvert,      (Econ.    Gi»ol..    N.iv..    lOKi.    Is   PP-> 

13,99,-)a— (QUEENSLAND— Burk.lowuMm- 
eral     Field,       Silver-Lead    and      Zinc      Mines- 


December  3,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1139 


IJnnt'l    C.    l!:ill.        ((Queensland      Covt.      Miu. 
Joiirn..   Oct.   1."..   101(1;   7-,ri    pp..  ilUi.s.i    tide. 

l:!.!li)i; — SI"!:F.V('K  IXIUC.VTIONS  nf  Ore 
Slionis  in  lieptli.  \V.  11.  StDiriis.  (  Min.  and 
Sel.   Tress.   Oct.   u'2,    liiKi;    :;  pp.  i    ••Dc. 

MI.MXG— (;id.\E;R.VI.. 

I.-..'.i!iT — .VCCIliHNls  Mininj;  Accidents  in 
Tnited  Kiii^'di'in  iliiriii?:  HXH).  (Colliery 
i.iiardiiin,  .Nnv.  4,  1!U();  :i  pp.)  I''rom  Gov- 
erunu'Ut  report.     4dc. 

Ki.ii'.iS— AfTOTXTIXG— Collier.v  Bookkeep- 
in'4  and  Accounts.  <;.  Johnson.  (Iron  and 
(•<i.il  Tr.  Rev.,  Aug.  5,  Sept.  'Si,  Oct.  L'1 .  I'.IKI; 
•T.    p.  I 

l:t,'.l!l!l~Al.ASKA  AtiltlCri-TlltAL  I'OS- 
Sinil.lTlKS,  l.ini  Chuliliuik.  ( I'roc.  Colo. 
Sel.   Sue,   AoK-.    T.'lil;   T-'l-    P1>..   illns.l 

14.11(1(1— .VI..\SK.V — llist(uv  of  Mining  in 
Alaska.  D.  .\.  .MacUonald.  (raellic  Miner, 
Oct.,    lOlu ;    :i    lip.,    illu.s.  i    l'Oc. 

14.0(11— AK(;i;XTl.\A—Minini,'  in  tlie  Ar- 
gentine. ('.  .lanin.  (Min.  and  Sci.  i'ress. 
Oct.  :;!l,   ItiKi;   -  PIJ..   illus.  I    L'dc. 

1  l.ll(J2— AISTIUAS  .MlNIIUAl.  INlirS- 
TliY.  Kditorial.  (.Min.  .Iimrn  ,  Nov.  12, 
lilltp;    2    pp.  I    4(lc. 

14.(Mi:i — r.L.V.STINO — Comparative  Costs  of 
Blasting  Itoik.  Ii.  .1.  llaucr.  (Contrai'lor, 
.    Nov.   1,    lilKl  ;   2   pp.1    4(lc. 

14.(104  —  cm  UN    IIRILLIXG  —  Details  of 

■  Churn  lirill  Operations  at  Silverlieil.  .Vrizana. 
M.  I!.  (Jentrv.  ( Kng.  and  .Min.  .lourn..  Oct. 
2!l,   l!il(i:   1-:,    pp..   illus.  i    2(ic. 

14.iiil."i — Cfll.Olt.VDO-  Scope     ;\nd     Progress 
1    of  the  Mining   lininstrv  in  Colorado.      ((^uart. 

■  Colo.  Sdiool  of  .Mine.s,  Oct..  I'.Ud :  1!1  pp., 
illus.  I 

U.diic — COI.ol!.\I)0 — Status  of  Mining  and 
Smelting  in  Colorado.     V.  Guitermau.      (Eng. 
and  -Min.  .lourn..  Nov.  1!).   1010;  2  pp.)      Ad- 
dress   l)efore    the    Iienver    Chamber    of    Com- 
,    niurce.      2(  ic. 

I         14.007— E.\ri.OSl\i:s — The       I'roper      De- 
(    tonation    of    Higli    K.xplosivcs.      c.    S.    Hurler. 

■  (Min.  Wld.,  Oct.  22,  llllo:  4  pp.  i  Alistract  of 
paper  before  Lake  Superior  Min.  Instilute. 
20c. 

14.0d.s — Il.\ri..\(;E — Electric  Haulage  in 
Collieries  anri  .Mines.  i  ICIec.  Kcv..  l^indon. 
Sept.   .'ill,    I'.Hd;   2  pp..   illus.)    20c. 

■  1 4. dod— HEALTH  OK  MI.SLKS  -Hie  Krank- 
lieiten  dcr  lierglcuic  \V.  llanaiicr.  ( Oest. 
Zelt.  i.  B.  u.  IL.  Sept.  24,  IdlO  :  1'.',  pp.) 
40c. 

14.010 — IIOISTI.NG — Electric  Hoisting  in 
Mining  Operation.  S.  E.  Walker.  (  Eng.  and 
Mill,  .lourn..  Nov.   1!).   Htld  ;  .",  pj)..  illus.)   2dc. 

1  l.iill— HOiSTl.N(;  lUU'ES  -Seilsicherheit 
"  i  licr  Scliachtfiirderung.  Ii.  1*'.  Bauinann. 
^'.liickauf,    Sept.    24,    llild:    4    p]).  i    40c. 

1L012  —  INlil.X— Tile  Mineral  I'rodiiction 
if  India  during  Ulon.  T.  II.  D.  l.aTouchc. 
Kec.  (Jenl.  Surv.  of  India,  \'oi.  XL,  Tart  2. 
Old;  (1(1  |)p..   iiius.i 

1  l.oLi -INSrUAXCE— (ierman  Miners'  In- 
iiance  and  .Vunuiiy  Kunds.  F.  I..  Hoffman. 
]'.n-z.  anri  .Min.  .Itturn..  Oct.  2n.  Xov.  ."».  12, 
'I  and   21!,    Uilo  ;    7  '-j    pp.)    (iOc. 

I  I.dl4  — INSrUA.NCE  of  Workmen  in  Ger- 
i.diy.  Otto  Graf.  (Iron  and  Coal  Tr.  Itev.. 
'■I,   7.    lOlo ;   2   p|)..   Illus.)    4(ic. 

14,01,-1 — ITALY — Her  Bergliau  in  Italien. 
lartdl.  iBergl)au.  Sept.  !.■>,  IDIO;  2V.  pp.1 
Oc. 

M.ok;  -MEXICO  — Mines  of  Zomelahuacan. 
rruz,    Mi'xico,      Martin    Klsliliack.       (Eng, 

i   .Mill.  .lourn..  Nov.  111.  1010  ;  2  p|i.,  illus.  i 

1.017  —  .MEXICO  — Mining    Jlethods    Ein- 

•d  at  Cananea.  Mex.     M.  .1.  Elsing.    (Eng. 

!   Min    .lourn..   .Vov.  .■.  and  12.  litld:  7  pp.. 

1    2dc. 
l.dl.s  -MINK     STOUE.S—System     in     the 
line    Stores.        .\.     E.      Wyett.        (Auslralian 
In.   and    Eng.    l!ev..    Oct.    .">,    iniO ;    21'',    pp., 
Itis.l     .(Oc. 

I  d1!i     I'HlLirriXE  ISl.AXliS— The  Min- 
Itesources     of     the      I'llilippine      Islands. 

II  Eastern   Itev.,   SepI,.    inid:   7  pp.   Illus.) 

14.020— I'ETKOliYNAMICS      Dala     of    I'cl- 

■dynnnilcs.      Ii.   11.   .\.    Hall.      ( .Mine  and  .Min- 

aU,   Nov..   1111(1:   2'...    pp..   illus. i    2(ic. 

14  021  —  OrAltKYlNG  —  An        Eleclrically 

iliped  Stone  ijunrrv.  at  McCook.  111.   ( lOlec. 

Oct.   1.    1010:  4  pp..  illus.)    20c. 
I  022 -SIIAKT— Concrete    Shaft    ofXorlh 
lican    Iron    Mining    Company,    at    Tr)\ver, 
■I       P.   K.   Cliamlierlaln.      i  I'^ng.   Kec.   Nov. 
lOlo:   1    p..   illus.)    2dc. 

I  112.1- SHAET— Constr)iclion    of    a    Shaft 

f     and    Sidings.       T.     .\damson.       (.Tourn. 

1     Soc.  of  Min.   Students.  .Tune.    1010;   .sy, 

illus.) 

l."2Ma— SHAFTS  — Small    Working    Shafts 
Western    Metal    Mines.      (Salt    Lake    Min. 
Nov.   1.-..    1010:   21',    pp..   Illus.)    20e. 

1.1)24  —  SHAFTS  -    Verlhal      Curves      in 


Shafts.      S.    Sinillie.      ( lOng.   and   Min.  .lourn., 
Nov.    Ill,    11)10;    1.,    p..    illus.)    2(ic. 

14.02.-.— SHAFT  LINING — .Method  and  Cost 
of  Lining  a  .Mine  Shaft  with  Concrete,  at 
Havv.son,  .\.  M.  ii.  H,  Woicester.  ( Eng.- 
Contrading,  Oii.  20.  lOli);  41;.  pp..  illus.) 
20c. 

14.1)20— SHAIl-  SINKING— The  Drop  Shaft 
Method  if  Sinking.  1  long,  and  Min.  .lourn.. 
Xov.   .-1.   1010;    ]%    pp..    illus.  I    2dc. 

14,027— SUA I'T  SINKING  AND  LINING  — 
T'eher  Schaclilhelonio-ungen  im  allgeineinen 
und  das  .Xlitotfeu  der  Schiichte  hei  der 
Oesterreichischen  Berg-  und  lliittenwerks- 
Gesellschaft.  .\.  Czermak.  lOest.  Zdt.  f. 
B.  u.  II..  Aug.  (!,  i:i,  20,  27,  Sept.  :!  and  1(1; 
20   pp..    illus.)    $2. 

14.02.^— SOITH  AFRTRALIA— A  Uiview 
of  Mining  Operations  of  the  Slate  of  South 
.\ustralia  during  the  Half  Year  Ended  .lune 
.■10.  101(1.  (Issued  liy  T.  Duineld.  Secretary 
of  .Mines.  .Vdelaide,  So.  Australia;  22  pp., 
illus. ) 

14.(120— STOl'IXG— A  Modilled  System  of 
Back  Stoping,  .1.  K.  Wilson.  (Eng.  and 
-Min.  .lourn.,  Nov.  12,  1010;    i/^  p.,  illus.)   2(lc. 

U.o.id-SritVEYIXf;— Method  of  Deter- 
miuiiiL'  Hie  .Meridian  from  a  Clrcumpolar  Star 
at  Any  Hour.  i:.  I!.  Ui<e.  (Bull.  A.  I.  M.  E., 
Nov..    mid;    IdC    pp.,   illus.) 

14.(i:!l  TEST  BOIUXG— ^Methods  of  Con- 
ducting Test  Borings  and  of  Sinking  Shafts 
for  tlic  Hudson  IJiver  C)Mssing  of  the  Catskill 
Acpieduct.  (F.ng. -Contracting.  Oct.  2(i.  IDlo; 
;;ij    pp.,    ill)]s.)    20c, 

14,0,-i2—TrNNi:i.lN(;— Excavation  of  Wall- 
kill  Pressure  Tunnel.  Catskill  Aqueduct  1  .New 
York  City  Water  Supplv).  C.  It.  llulsart. 
(Eng.  News,  Oct.  20,  11)10;  4%»l  pp.,  illus.) 
20c. 

14,o:i:i— TANKS— The  Design  of  Large 
Steel  Tanks.  .lohn  E.  and  Wm.  S.  B.  Irvine. 
'Trans..  Glasgow  Tech.  College  Sci.  Soc, 
HI  Id;    1711.    pp.) 

14,084— VENTILATHIX— Starling  a  Ven- 
tilating Fan  .\nlomatically  at  t'onundrum 
Mine.  Cripple  Creek.  Colo.  S.  A.  Worcester. 
(Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn.,  Nov.  ."i,  1010;  %  p., 
illus.)    20c. 

U.d.l.-i- WESTEUN  AISTltALlA  Mineral 
Weiilth  of  Wcsiern  Ausiiaha.  .\.  Gilili  Mail- 
land.  ( .Xusli-aliaii  Min.  and  Eng.  Kev.,  Oct. 
.-).    11111)  :    12''i    pp.)    4dc. 

OKI^     DKKSJiilMi— Ul^MOII  AL 

14,o:!0 — COXCEXTUATION — Notes  sur  ies 
Tables  a  secousses.  ( lOxampie  de  lavage  de 
Cj^ssili^rite. )  L.  Ganet.  (Echo  des  Mines. 
Oct.  27,  1010;  :Vj  p. I  .Mathematical  Ireat- 
nient  of  the  prol)lems  of  concent ratioji  on 
shaking  tables,  with  Hie  concentration  of 
cassiterltc    as   jin   example.      4dc. 

14,o:f7— CONCENTUATION  OF  SLIME— 
III.  1-Mwin  A.  Spe)-)-v.  (Min.  and  Sci.  Press, 
Oct.   1.    11)10;   :;   pp..   illus.)    2()c. 

ll.d.-.S- CUrslIlNG— The  Lanrin  &  Leltch 
Uock-Crushiug  Plant.  P.  C.  Van  Zandt.  (Eng. 
Kec,  Nov.   Hi,   11)10;  21/,    pp,.  illus.)    20e. 

14. 0:!!) — CUI'SHING  by  Stamps.  .1.  II. 
Dales.  (Mex.  Min.  .lourn'..  Sepi..  IDlo  :  1  p.. 
illus.)    20c. 

14.040 — CItrSHING  — Grinding  Pan  Prac- 
tice: I'ipe  Discharge  and  Ciassilication  of 
Ground  Product.  G.  C.  King.  (.lourn.  West 
Ausl.  Chainlier  of  Mines.  Sept.  :td.  P.1I11:  :i  Vj 
pp.,    illus.  I    .sdc. 

14.041 —ClirSHIXG  Some  of  the  Charac- 
teristics of  Cliilean  :Mills.  II.  A.  Megraw. 
(Eng.  and  Miu.  .lourn.,  Xov.  12.  1(110;  2':', 
pp..    illus.)    2dc. 

14,042— MILLING  LOW-tfRADE  ORES. 
(Mines  and  Methods,  Sept.,  11110;  2%  pp.) 
20e. 

14.04:!— PItrSSIA— Die  neue  Erzaufbereit- 
ungsanlage  der  Griihe  Diepenllnchen  bei  Stol- 
berg.  Caliolet.  iGKickauf,  Aug.  27.  loid; 
7%    pp.,    illus.)    40c. 

MET.\I.Mn<iY— CiEXlSllAI, 

14.044  ALLOYS — Shrinkage  of  .\lloys 
during  Solidilication.  D.  Ewcns  and  *T. 
Turner.  ( Engineei-lng.  Nov.  11.  Illlo;  c,  pp.. 
illus.  1  Paper  before  lusllliite  of  Metals  on 
shrinkage  of  the  antimony-lend  alloys  and  of 
(he  ah))]iinum-zlnc  ailo.vs  dui'ing  and  after 
solidilication.      40c. 

14.1)4.-1  BRASS  FOrXDRV— The  Selling  of 
Bciiss  l'*oiindr\'  Refuse.  .lesse  L.  .Tones.  (Am 
Brass    Founders'    .\ssn..    11110;   (i   pp.,    Illus,) 

14. 041!  C.VXADA- Consolidated  Mining  and 
Smelting  Comiianv  of  Canada.  Limited.  (Can. 
Min.  .lourn..  Aug.  I.'i.  IDlo-  :ii^.  pp.,  ilhis.l 
20c. 

14.047— METALLOGRAPHY  as  an  Aid  to 
the  Brass  Founder.  H.  .S.  Primrose.  (Mecli. 
Ehgr..  Sept.  .'ill.  iniO;  :{U,  pp..  Illus.)  Paper 
before   Inslltu.le  of  .Metal.n.     20e. 

14.04S  —  PIIYSICAI.  PROPERTIES  —  Ex- 
periences sur  rEcroulssnge  de  l'.\cler  et  des 
Metaux  Indusl)'iels.  F.  Robin,  iU)ill,  Soc. 
des   Ing.  Civ.  de   Frnn<e,   .lune.    loin;   2:!  pu.. 


illus.)  .Modilication  of  the  physical  properties 
of  steel  and  the  common  metals  under  me- 
chanical stresses  producing  permanent  modi- 
fications. 

14,040 — inCDICTIOX  OF  CAl.ClI'M  SIL- 
I'lLV'I'E  by  Cai'lion  Monoxide  and  Carbon,  and 
the  Oxidation  of  Calcium  Sulphide.  11.  o. 
Hofman  and  W.  Mostowitsch.  (Bull,  .\.  1. 
M.    E..   Xov..    11110;    22l{.    pp.,    ilius.l 

14.(riO — S.MEl.TIXG— Hints  to  Ore  Ship- 
pers, s.  E.  Bretherton.  i.Min.  and  Sci.  Press. 
Oct.  2U,  1010;  .'i  pp.)  Paper  ijefoie  Am.  Min. 
Congress.     2dc. 

14.(1,-.1— TITAXH'M  AND  .ME'I'ALI.IC  SIL- 
PlIIDES— Titan  and  .Melallsnilide.  P.  Miiller. 
(Metailurgie,  Sept.  s.   loHi;  -j  |)p.,  illus.)   40c. 


MIXING 


AM>     Miyr.VI.I.IKCilCAl 
M.VCII1.\KUV 


1  4. d.-.2— ANNEALING  FIRNACES.  R.  S. 
.Mooie.  (.M.'ial  Ind..  .Nov..  11)10;  2i/.  pp., 
illus,)    2dc. 

14,d.-,:f — DRILLS— The  Operation  of  Piston 
and  Hammer  Drills.  .1.  E.  Ilaiding.  (Min. 
Sci..   Xov.   .'i,   1010;   n,    pp..   illus.)    20c. 

14,0.-.4— EDI'CTORS— .Mine  Eductors.  o. 
Xagel.  (Eng.  and  Min.  .lourn.,  Xov.  .'i,  11)10; 
-,-<    p.,    illus.)    20c. 

14,05,-.— ELECTRIC  POWER— The  Earthing 
of  Electrical  .\pparalus.  Geo.  A.  Webb. 
(Trans.  So.  .\frican  Inst.  Elec.  Engrs.,  June. 
11110;    S';i,     p|i.,    illus.)     (iOc. 

14,d.-,(j— Fl.ECTRlC  POWER— General  Ap- 
plicalioii  of  i:iectricity  to  Rand  Mines  I'nder- 
g)ound  with  a  I''ew  .\oles  on  Electricailv 
Driven  Hoists.  It.  G,  .Mackie.  (.lourn.  Trans- 
vaal lust.  ,if  .Mecli.  Engrs,.  Oct..  11)1(1;  .si„ 
pp.)  First  instalment  of  article,  dealing  with 
underground  safety   measures.     (!0c. 

14,(l.-.7  —  ELECTRICAL  MACHINERY  — 
Constiuetion  of  Foundations  for  Electrical 
.Machinery.  B.  II.  Page.  (Elec.  Wld.,  Xov. 
.'i,    1010;    2>1.     pp..    ilius.l     2I)C. 

14.(i.-.S— EXCAVATOR— A  New  Type  of 
Di-agline  Scraper  K.xcavator.  will)  Ei-ection 
and  Operating  Costs.  (  Eng.-Conti-acting.  Oct. 
2(i.  1010;   1  I,    pp.,  illus,)    2dc, 

14.(1.-|0— (L\S  ENIHNES:  and  the  Deter- 
mination of  Tbeir  Commercial  lOIIicicncy. 
G.  A.  .lulius.  (Australian  Min.  and  Eng. 
Rev..  Oct.  .-..  Illld;  11%  pp.  1  Paper  before 
Eng.   .\ssn.    of   .New    South    Wales.     4dc. 

14,01)0- HOISTING— The  Caledonia  Cut- 
Oft"  Gear  for  Winding  Engines.  (Colliery 
Guardian.    .Nov.   4.    lOld;   li;    pp.,   illus.)    4dc. 

14.1101 — (IKE  C.\RS--(.luick  ll)in)iiing  Il)-op- 
Biittom  Steel  Cars  for  Ilaniiiing  Iron  Ore  on 
ibe  Midiiga)!  Iron  Range.  (Eng.  News,  Oct. 
27.    mid;    :'.    PI...    ilius.l    20c, 

14.d(!2— ORE  CHITES- The  Zueblin  Sv.s- 
lem  of  Oi'o  Chutes.  .\.  Giadenwitz.  (F.ng. 
and  Min.  Joiirn.,  .Nov.  ."1.  IDld;  %  p..  illus.) 
20c. 

14,()():i  —  ORE-lIANDI.iXG  DEVICES  —  La 
JIanntentlon  Mecanitpie  des  Minerals.  S.  Levi. 
(Gi'Miie  Civ..  Oct.  .S.  11)1(1;  2i<.  pp.,  illus.)  In- 
genious revolving  car  tipple  and  Imlk  oi-e- 
liandling    devices.       4dc. 

14.11(14- SHAFTS  Tile  ElTect  of  Kevwavs 
on  the  SIreiigtb  of  Sluifts.  11.  F.  .Mi.oi'e. 
I  Bull.  42.  Iniv.  of  Illinois  Eng.  Experiment 
Station,   Dec,   111,   V.ild;   2.- «,   pp.,   illus.) 

14. ()(!.-.— STEAM  BOILERS— Feed  Water 
for  .steam  Boiiei-s.  E.  Ingham.  (Iron  and 
Coal  Tr.  Rev..  Xov.  11.  11)10:  1  p.,  illus.)   40c. 

14.d(;(! — STEAM  SHOVELS— i;nglish  Xav- 
vies  and  .American  Steam  Shovels.  A.  F.  Dick- 
inson. (Cassier's  Mag..  Xov..  1910;  ir>>/. 
pp..    ilius.l    4(ic. 

14.d(i7-  SWITCIKH'IAR-  -The  Design  of 
Mining  Switcligear.  (L  .M.  llarvev.  (Elec. 
Rev..    London,    .Nov,    11.    IDli);    ■■•;    p' )    4o<;. 

SA-»iri.i\G    \\i)   \ss\vi\G 

14.(i(;s  -A(il  A  UE(MA  -leber  Kiinlgswas- 
ser.  E.  Priwoznlk.  (Oest.  Zelt.  f.  B.  u.  IL. 
Oct.    1,    1111(1  ;    1  1';    pp,)    4dc, 

14.0011  —  Al'TO  HYDRA  ILIC      SA.MPl.lNG 

DIOVICE.      D.    A     M.-Millen.       ( L..„ 

.lourn..    No^■.    111.    luiii:    -;,    p..    illus.)    2dc. 

ANALYSIS 

,,„    Ii'leclrolvd,-    Melbnil    nf    Ai 

Itennt. . 
W,    pp 


>i '  ,->v\.»i  I     I  .  '  .\»  , 

(Eng.    and    .\lin. 

,     -::    ,...    illus,)    2dc. 

14.(17(1  —  ELECTROLVl'lC  ANALYSIS  — 
Rapid  Eieclrolvlii-  Method  of  Analysis.  R.  C'. 
Benner.  (Min.  and  Sd.  Press,  Oct.  20.11110: 
1  -Vi    pp..    illus. )    20c. 

14.(170n— GAS  ANALYSIS- Sur  one  nou 
vclle  lOprouvette  pour  i'.-\nalyse  Complete 
d'un  Melange  (;a7eux.  Isidore  Bay  and  Rich- 
ard Ciievassus,  (Bull,,  Soc.  de  Vlnd.  Min.. 
Aug.     11110;    .-,    pp.  I 

IXDISTHIAI,    ('lil':>IISrl(Y 

11,1171  ATMOSPHERIC  N I  IliiXHvN- -Fix- 
ation Induslridle  de  I'.Vzote  AtiuospIieru|ue. 
E.  l.ainv.  (Bull.  Soc.  Ing.  Civ.  de  France, 
July,    mid:    20   pp..    illus.  1 

M.\TRRIAI,S    OF   COXSTRICTION 

14,072— CEMENT  MIU,  of  the  Los  An- 
geles Aipieduet.  I  Eng.  Rec,  Sept.  17,  1910; 
ly,    p]...    Illus.)    20c. 


1140 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  3.    \9\0 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Companies — U.  S. 


Name  of  Company 

AXD     SiTlATIO-N. 


UlVIDENDS. 


Issued. 


AlaFka  MexiraD,  g. .  Alas  .  . . 
Alaska  Tread  well,  g.  Alas .  . . 
Alaska  United,  g.  .  .  Alas.  . . 
Arralgamated,  c  .  .  Mont.  . 
Am.  Siii.&Ref.,coni.  U.S... 
Ani.Sni.&  Ref.,pt..  U.  S  .  .  . 
Am.  Smelters,  pi.  .\  .  U.S... 
Ain.  .Smelters,  pf.  B.  U.S... 
Am.  Zinc.Lead&Sm.  Kan  .  . . 

Anafonda,  c Mont .  . 

ArTOMaut .  g Cal .... 

Arizona  Copper,  pf .  Ariz  .  .  . 
Arizona  Copper. lom    .Ariz... 

Atlantic,  (■ Mich 

Bald  Butte,  g.  s    .  .  .  Mont .... 
Beiii  Tunnel,  g.s  1     Utah 
Boston  .V  -Montana..  Mont  .... 

Bull.  BecU..t('hani..g  Utah 

Bunlcer  Hill*  .Sull-  .  Ida 

Butte  Coalit  ion,  c.s.  Mont .... 

Cal\itnet&.\rizona,c.  .Ariz 

Calumet  &  Heda,  c  .  .Mich 

Caiup  Bird,  g  s Colo 

Colorado,  1.  s Utali 

Columbus  Con.,  c.  . .  Utah 

Con.  Mercur.,  g .  .  .  .  Utah 

Continental,  z.  1. . .  .  Mo 

Copper  Range  Con .  .  Mich 

Creede  United,  g  .  .  .  Colo 

Dalv  Judge,  g.  s.  1. .  Utah 

Dalv  We.sl,  g.  s.  1.  . .  Utah 

De  Lamar,  g.  s Ida 

Doe  Run,  1 Mo 

Elkton  Con.,  g Colo 

El  Paso,  g Colo 

Fed   M.&  Sm.,  com.  Idaho.  .  .  . 
Federal  M  &  S.,  pf.  .  Idaho.  .  .  . 

Findley,  g Colo 

Florence,  g Nev 

Frances-Moliawk,  g.  Nev 

Gemini- Ke.vstone. . .  Utah 

t;en.  Dev.  Co U.  S 

Goldfield  Con.,  g  .  .  .  Nev 

Grand  Central,g.  .  .  .  Utah 

Granite  e Colo 

tiuggenliehn  Expl.     U.  S 

Hecla.  s.  1 Idaho. . . . 

Horaestake,  g S.  V) 

Horn  Silver,  g.s. c.z.l.  Utah 

Imperial ,  c .\riz 

Inter'l  Nicl<el,  pf .  .  .  N.  Y 

InterM  Sm.  &  Ref..  .  Utali .  .  .  . 

Iron  Blossom,  s.l.  . .  Utah 

Iron  Silver,  s.  1 Colo 

Jamison,  g Cal 

Jerry  Johnson,  g.  .  .  Colo 

Kendall,  g Mont 

Liberty  Bell,  g.  s.  .  .  Colo 

MacNamara,  s.  g.  .  .  Nev 

Mammoth,  g.  s.  1.  .  .  Utah 

Mary  McKinney,  g. .  Colo 

May  Day,  g.  s.  1. . .  .  Utah 

Mohawk  IM.  Co Midi 

Mont.  Ore  Purcli .  .  .  Mont .  .  .  . 

Nevada  Cons.,  c. .  .  .  Nev 

Nevaila  Hills,  s.g. .  .  Nev 

New  Century,  z.l .  .  .  Mo 

Newhouse  M.  &  S.  c.  Utali 

New  Iilria,  ii Cal 

New  Jer.sey  Zinc  ...  U.  S 

North  Butte,  c Mont .  .  .  . 

North  Star,  g Cal 

Old  Dominion,  c. .  .  .  .\riz 

OldDoiTiin'n,M&.Sm.  Ariz 

Opliir,  g.  s Nev 

OrovilleDredg'gl.t.g.  Cal 

O.sceola.  c Mich 

Parrot,  c.  s Mont .  .  .  . 

Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.  U.  S 

Porllanil,  g Colo 

Quartette,  g.  s Nev 

Quincy,  c Mich 

Round  Mountain,  g  .  Nev 

St.  Josepli.  1 Mo 

Shannon,  c Ariz 

Silver  King  Co't'n.f.  Utali 

Sioux  Con..s.  I.  g  .  .  .  Utah 

Snow  Storm,  eg  .  .  .  Ida 

Standard  Con.,  g.s  .  .  Cal 

Stratton's  Indcpend.  Colo 

Swan.sea.  g.  s.  1 Utah 

Tamarack,  c Midi 

Tennessee,  c Tenn 

Tomboy,  g.  s Colo 

Tonopahof  Nev.,  s.K.  Nev 

Tonopah  Belm't.s.g.  Nev 

Tonopali  Kxt'n,  s.  g.  Nev 

Tonopah  .Midw'y.s.g.  Nev 

Uncle  Sam,  g.  .s.  1..  .  Utah 

United  Cop.  com.  .  .  Mont 

United,  c.  pf Mont     , . . 

United,  z.  I.,  pf .  .  . .  Mo.-Kan. 
U.S.Sm.R.&.M.,pf.    .  U.  S 
U.S.Sm.U  .feM.,com.  U    s'  ' 

U.S.  Red.  A  Uef.  Pf.  colo 

Ulah.e.  (KishSp'K.s)  Utah 

I!|ah  Con.,  c. Utah 

riah  Copper titah 

Victoria,  Utah Utah 

Vindicator  Con.,  k.  .  Colo 

Wolverine,  c Mich  . 

Work,  K. Colo 

Yankee  Con Utah 

>  ellow  Aster,  g.  . .  .  Cal 

Yukon  (inid,  E U.S.ACan 


Par 
Val 


Total  to 
Date 


100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

25 

25 

5 

1.20 

1.20 

2 

1 

0.10 

25 

10 

10 

15 

111 


1 
25 

100 

1 

1 

20 

5 

100 
1 
1 

100 

lOo 
1 
1 
1 

100 

101) 

1(1 
1 
1 

101 1 

0.25 

100 

25 

10 

100 

1011 

1 

20 

10 

.  10 

5 


180,000  S      5 
200,000      25 

180,200         5 
1,538.879 

500,000', 

500.0001 

170,000 

300,000 

80,120 

1,200,000 

200,000 
1,266,120 
1,519,896 

100,000 

250,000 
1,000,000 

1.50.0001 

100,000 

327,000 
l.OOO.OOOi 

2011,0(1(1 

111(1,11(10        2'' 

1  .nil)  oiii)       .'> 

1,000,000  0.20 

285,540 

1,000,000 

22,000 

3.84,185 

1,625.000 

300,000 

180,000 

.80,000 

65,782 

2,,->00.000 

2,450,000 

60.000 

120.000 

250.000 

1,050,000 

912,000 

5,000 

260.000 

3,5.58,367 

250,000 

1.650,000 

207,933 

1,000,000 

218,400 

400,(M0 

500,000 

SO, 126 

KHI.OIHI 

1,000.000 

500,000 

390,000 

2,500,000 

500,000 

130,551 

728,341 

400,000 

1,309,252 

800,000 

100,000 

80.833 

1.151,200 

746,000 

300,000 

600,000 

100,000 

100,000 

410,000 

250,000 

293.245 

162,000 

201,600 

700,000 

96,150 

229,850 

-149.346 

3,000,000 

1  10,000 

110.000 

866,42.") 

1,0:10,000 

300,000 

1,2,50,000 

746,389 

1,500,000 

178,394 

1,000,000 

100,000 

00,000 

200,000 

300,000 

1,000.000 

1,500,000 

913,433 

1  .ODO.OOO 

500.000 

15(1,000 

50,000 

19,5.56 

351,010 

486,044 

39,458 

100.000 

300,000 

733,6 

250,000 

1,500,000 

60,000 

1 ,500,000 

1,000,000 

100.000 

3„500.000 


Latest. 


Date. 


Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


1 

50 

1 

0.25 

25 

25 

5.00 

5 

1 

10 

5 

100 

15 

10 


2,742,381 
11,735,000 
793,190 
62, .809.884 
19,000,000 
35,875,000 

5,240,000 

7,857.000 

4(I(),1.SII  del  . 
47,700.(1(1(1  I  III  . 

1.20(l,IHlll'Jujlc 

1.34  1,257  Nov. 

12.20  1.9I6iJllly 
990,000  Fell. 

1.35  1,1;  IS  (hi. 
67.".  (I0(>'(  >ct 

71. 22."., 11(111  Nov, 
2,72s,  lull  .liilv 

12.21  1,350  Nov. 
3,70(1.000  IHt, 

1  1  , 51)0.01 10, .S-pl. 
I  l:i. 450, 111)0  Dec, 

o.7'.):i,t;5i)  Nov. 

2,270,000{Sept. 

226,832  Oct. 
3,385,313  Dec. 

231.1100  Oc(. 
10.757,776  Jan. 

21  l,053',luly 

225.110(1  ,\pr 
6,201.000  July 

835.200  ,-^i-pt. 
2,44s, 477iS.-pl. 
2.600,95',l'Oct. 
1,389,045  Mar. 
2,708, 750|.lan. 
6,011.250  Dec. 

337.50(l:Sept. 

735,000  A)ii. 

54(1,1)00  .Ian. 

2,00l).()()0  Aug. 

2.0:)>).01)l)  -Mai-. 

Il,027.(l76|(-)i  I. 

1.33  1,250  l>ec. 

217.000  I'l-c. 

10,530,32l]()il. 

2,090.000  Nov. 

26.1  19,(il(l,N(i\  . 

5, fi  12.1)0(1  Sept. 

300.000  June 
5,025.634  Nov. 
1.100.1)00  Del'. 

6S0,000,S;-Ill. 
4.350,000iOct. 

370.50o:Jan. 

lOO.OOOjDcr. 
1,305,00(1  (")(  I. 

22s, 35.!  .lime 

111.213  May 

2.220.00(1  Mai. 

8*.)1.3(i3,.lunf 

108.01  III  Sept. 
2,050,000  1  li., 
9,437.27  1, Jan. 
2,157,.|(lll  Si-jil. 


Amt . 


•10 
•10 
•10 
•10 

•10 

'10 

•10 

•10 

•10 

•10 

'10 

'10 

•10 

•0. 

•0' 

•0 

■10 

•OS 

'10 
'10 
'10 
•10 
■10 
•10 

•o 

■06 
■08 
■11 
■06 
■0 
■10 
'00 
■10 
■10 
•10 
'09 
'10 
'00 
•10 
•08 
•07 
'10 
'10 
'09 
'09 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'07 
'07 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'09 
'10 
'09 
'10 
08 


$0-30 


373,000 

De<  . 

216,000 

Ocl. 

300,000 

Sept. 

1,290.000 

( 1(1 , 

12.0011.(1110  May 

8, 9211. 1)0(1, (  111. 

2,786.99",)  Srpt. 

1,000.115  Olt. 

1.33r..5l)0  1  )(■!, 

1,816.360  Mav 

l,3s:;,ii;i(;  lici-. 

8,95S.65I)  J  lllv 

6,876,60.)  Nov. 

8.762,2)7  S.-iit. 

8.617.0SI)  J  lllv 

375.000  July 

19,302, .500  lli-c. 

32S,  101  Srpt. 

7.2()S,3,"i7,Sr|)t. 

450.000  .Iilly 

l,659.S85|.lan. 

752.92sll  )cl. 

9S2..50(1  ,\1IK. 

5,327.925  .lall. 

5.895. S65  Nov. 

329,500  Mar. 

9.12l).(10()  luly 

2,306.251)  lire. 

2,17:1.500  .liiiic 

0    150  IIOO  (  let  . 

9118,11113  .laii. 

2s:!,o:i(i  Apr, 

250, 000, .Ian, 

:!5n,(10(l  .SrpI 

5,9C.2,500  Aug. 

1,500,000 

.May 

312,782 

Jan. 

7,858.853 

Ocl. 

3,026. 7'25!  Oct, 

1.005.50  1  (111, 

32:!.(IOO  Feb. 

6.900,000  Jan. 

3,811,196  Sept 

182,0001  Dec. 

2.137.:'.00  July 

5,700,000  Sept 

172,500  July 

182.500  Jan. 

9,58,-89  Auk. 

1,7.50.000  ,8epl. 

.00 
.30 
,50 
.00 

50 


1 

0 
0 

1 
1 
1 
1 

0 .  50 
0.50 
0 .  05 
0.041 
0.30 
0.02 
0.04 
0,02 
4-00 
0,  10 
0.25 

0  25 
1.00 
7.00 
0.24 
0.06 
0,20 
0.02i 
0.25 

1  ,00 
O.OOt 
0,37i 
0.30 
0.24 
1  .  50 
O.OU 
0.01 
1.50 
1.75 
0,01 
0.  10 
0 ,  05 

10.00 
1  .00 
0,50 
0,04 
0.01 
2,50 
0.02 
0.50 

0 .  05 
0,20 

1 .  50 
2.00 
0.06 
0.10 
0.02 
0.01 
0.02 
0 ,  15 
0 ,  021 
0,05 

•101  0,01 
'OS  O.OU 
'10  1,00 
'07 1 15,  00 
10  0.37  5 
0.10 
0.01 
0.50 
0.30 
4 .  00 
0 .  30 
0.40 
0.25 
0.50 
0.10 
0,  12'. 
4.00 
0.15 
2.50 
0,02 
0 . 2(1 
1.00 
0,04 
0 .  1  5 
0.50 


Coal,  Iron  and  Other  Industrials — United  States 


'o 

'09 

'07 

'10 

'OS 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

•OS 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'40 

'10 

'0' 

'10 

"10 

'10 

'0' 

•10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'0 

'0 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'11 

'06 

'0' 

'10 

'0 

•0 

■08 

'10 

'10 

'0 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'09 

•10 

'09 

'08 

'07 

'07 

■10 


0  1 5 
0.01 
0.01  ' 
0.75 
0.50 
0 ,  05 

4  .  00 

1  .  25 
0.4s 
0,40 
(I  1 5 
0 ,  1 5 
0 .  05 
0 .  02 
1  , 7.5 
3.00 
0 .  50 
0.87.! 
0,50 

1  .  50 
0 ,  02 
0 ,  50 
0.75 
0,02 

0 .  o:( 

5  ,  00 
0,01 
0.03 
0.20 
0.10 


Na.me  op  Company 

AJiD    SlTU.lTION. 


Dividend  previous  to  consolidation. 


■CSI  ,430,2.50. 


t*  11, 187  .500. 


Anier.  Ag.Chem.,  pf. 
.\nieiican  Cement.  . 

.\merican  Coal 

Bethlehem  Steel,  pf . 

Cambria  Steel 

Central  C.  &  C,  com. 
Central  C.&C.,pf. . - 
Col.&Hock.C.&L.pf. 
Consolidated  Coal.  . 
Consolidation  Coal.. 
t!rucible  Steel,  pf , .  . 
Empire  S.  &  I.,pf, .  . 

Fairmont  Coal 

General  Chem.,  com. 
General  Chem.,  pf  .  . 

International  Salt .  . 
Jeff.&Cl'f  C.*I.,cm, 
Jeff.  &  Cl'f  C.  .S  I.,pf. 

Kern  River  Oil 

Lehiglr  Coal  tfe  Nav. . 

Maryland  Coal,  pf.  . 

Monon.  R.  Coal,  pf. . 

Nat.  Carbon,  com  .  . 

Nat.  Carbon,  pf .  .  .  . 

National  Lead,  com. 

National  Lead.pf. . . 

Nat.  Steel&Wire.pf. 

New  Central  Coal..  . 

New  River  Coal,  pf.. 

Pacific  Coast  Borax . 

Peerless  Oil. ....... 

Penn.  Salt 

Penn.  Steel,  pf 

Phila.  Gas,  com. . .  . 

Phila.  Gas,  pf 

Pittsburg  Coal,  pf .  . 

PocahontasC.C,  pf.t 

Pocah'tasC.C,  cni.t. 

Republic  1.  A  S.,pf.. 

Slo^^-Shel!icld,  com. 

Sloss-Sheltield,  pf. . . 

Standard  Oil 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  com. . 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  pf .  .  . 

TexasA  Pacific  Coal . 

ITni.  Metals  Selling.. 

U.S.  Steel  Corp.,  cm. 

U.  S.  Steel  Corp.,  pf, 

Va  Carolina  Ch.,pf. 

\'a.CarolinaCh.  .com . 

Warwick  I.  &  S.  .  .  . 

Westmoreland  Coal , 


U.  S... 
Penn . . . 
Md  .  . . . 
Penn. . . 
Penn. . . 
Mo .... 
Mo  .  .  . 
Ohio..  . 

Ill 

Md 

Penn. . . 
N.  J.  .. 
W.  Va . 

u.  s... 

U.S... 
Penn. . . 
Penn . . . 
Penn .  . 

Cal 

Penn. . . 
.Md  .  ,  .  . 
Penn. . . 
V.  S.... 
U.S... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
.\ld,  ... 
W.-  Va . 

Cal 

Cal .  .  . . 
Penn . . . 
Penn. . . 
Penn. .. 
Penn. . . 
Penn . . . 
W.  Va. 
W.  Va. 

Ill 

Ala .  .  .  . 

Ala 

U. S. . . 
Tenn.. . 
Tenn. .. 
Texas. . 
U.  S . . . 
U.  S... 
U.  S  . .  . 

u.  s . . . 
u.  s . . . 
u.  s .  .  . 
Penn. . . 


Issued. 


SlOO 
10 


Par 
Val. 


181,530 

200,000 

50,000 

150,000 

900,000 

51,250 

18,750 

69,244 

50,000 

190,247 

244,365 

25,000 

120,000 

74,103 

100,000 

182,2.80 

15,000 

15,000 

20,000 

4S2,9:S6 

18,850 

100,000 

55,000 

45,000 

206,554 

■243,676 

25,778 

50,000 

37,617 

19,000 

92,000 

60,000 

165.000 

664,800 

120,000 

297,010 

28,000 

45,000 

204,169 

100,000 

67,000 

970,000 

225,536 

2,840 

23,940 

50,0001 

5,083,025 

3,602,811 

180,000 

279,844 

148,671 

60,000 


Total  to 
Date. 


100 
50 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
50 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
20 
100 
100 
10 
50 
100 
50 
50 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
50 


Latest. 


Date. 


.*3,3S1,390  Oct. 

1.388,000  Julv 

2,647, 187 ISept. 

900,000  Nov. 

11,710,000  Nov. 

2,921,250  Oct. 

1,5,50,311  Oct. 

591,550  Oct. 

425,000  Oct. 

a-17, 876,880  Oct. 

9,530,234  Sept. 

1,008,033'Jan. 

1,980,000  Jan. 

j3  .5:56, 9421  Dec. 

7,:305,000  Jan. 

911,400  Dec. 


330,000 

1,012,500 

84,000 

j/18,671,604 

2,061,122 

2,324,000 

707,500 

3,228,759 

4,540,929 

20,382,440 

631,561 

390,000 

451,405 

2,086,500 

711,000 

16,278,000 

8,662,500 

♦24,264,600 

2,850,000 

12,548,719 

420.000 

t406,800 

10,181,759 

2,508,000 

4.689,650 

707,122,000 

3,583,060 

390,040 

1.782, 5:iO 

6,625,000 

122,741,498 

274,719,539 

16, .500,869 

699,810 

631,808 


Aug. 

Aug. 

July 

Nov. 

June 

July 

Oct 

Nov. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

May 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Aug. 

June 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Feb. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

July 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 


9,030,000  Oct. 


'10 
'10 
'10 
'06 
'10 
■10 
•10 
'09 
■10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
■09 
'10 
'11 
'06 
'05 
■10 
'08 
'10 
'09 
•08 
■08 
'10 
'11 
'10 
■06 
'OS 
'08 
'05 
'08 
'10 
'OS 
■09 
'08 
■10 
'10 
■08 
'11 
'10 
'10 
■10 
■07 
■07 
■10 
■10 
■10 
■10 
'10 
■10 
'10 
'10 


.\mt. 
.$3.00 
0.10 
0.75 
0.75 
0 , 6'>i 
1.50 
1,25 
1,50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.60 
2.00 
1.25 
1.50 
1.00 
5.00 
2.50 
0.18 
1.00 
2.50 
3.50 
1  .50 
1.75 
0.75 
1.75 
1.75 

0  40 
1.50 
1.00 
0.06 
3.00 
3.50 
0.75 
1.25 
1.25 
3.00 
3.00 
1.75 
1.25 
1.75 

10.00 

1  00 
2.00 
1.50 
5.00 
1.25 
1.76 
2.00 
1.25 
0.50 
2.50 


*Since  1894.  tSince  1907.  JSince  1890. 
y.Stock  div.  $2,866,950  Jan.  '10.     zStock 


iStock  div.  $6,130,000  Mar,  '09. 
di\ .  10  per  cent.  ilar.  "10. 


Canada,  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America 


N.VME  OP  Company 
AND   Situation. 


Amistad  y  Conc'rdia 

.\iiipaio,  g.s 

Baiopilas 

British  Columbia,  c. 

Hiiltalo,  s 

liutlcis'  Salvador,  g. 
Coliall  Central,  s. .  . 

(.'oniagas 

Consolidated  M.  &  S. 
Crow's  Nest  Pass. .  . 
Crown  Reserve,  s. . . 

Dolores,  g.  s 

Dominion  Coal,  com. 
Dominion  Coal.  pf. . 
Dos  Estrellas,  g.s, .. 

El  Oro,  g.s 

Esperanza.  s.g 

(iranby  Con 

Greene  Con.  Copper. 

( luanajuato 

I  liianaiuato  D.,  pf.s. 
Ilcdlcy  Clold,  g.  .  .  . 
Hinds  Con.,  g.s.c.l.. . 

Kerr  Lake,  s 

La  Rose  Con.,  s.  .  . 

I.e  Roi,  Ltd.,  g 

Le  Roi  No.  2,  g  .  .  , 
Lucky  Tiger-Com.,g 
Mc  K  inle  v-Darragh  ,s 
.Mex.  Con.  M.AS.  Co 
Mex.Mill.^tTrans.pf, 
Mines  Co.  of  .\in 
NY.  &  Itond.  Ros. 

Nipi.ssing,  s 

N.  S.  St.&Coal,com 
N.S.St.&Coal.pf,  , 

Peiloles,  s.l.g 

PeregrinaM .  &  M .  ,pf. 
Pinguico,  pf.  s  ,  .  . 

Ileco.  g.s.l 

Riglit  of  WavMinest 
Hio  Plata  "  . 

S.'curities  Corp.,  pf 
Silver  Queen,  s  .    . 
Temiskaming.  s 
Ti.iii.  k  Hud.  Bay, 
Tcziutlan  Copper. . 

Till  Cove,  c 

Tniliewey,  s 

Tyee,  c 


Mex  .  . 
-Mex  .  . 
.Mex  .  . 
B.  C. 
Ont... 
Salv  . 
Ont. .. 
Ont... 
B.C., 
B.  C. 
Ont... 
Mex  .  , 
N.  S. 
N.  S. 
Mex  . 
Mex  . 
Jlex . 
B.  C. 
Mex  . 
Mex  . 
Mex  . 
B.  C  . 
Mex. 
Ont.. 
Ont . . 
B.  C  . 

B.  C  . 
.Mex 
Ont.. 
Mex  . 
Mex. 
Mex  . 

C.  A. 
Ont  . 
N.  S- 
N.  S. 
Jlex. 
Mex. 
Mex  . 
B.  C. 
Ont. . 
Mex  , 
Mex. 
Ont.. 
Ont.. 
Ont . . 
Mex . 
N.  F. 
Ont.. 
n.  c. 


Issued. 


9,600 

2,000.000 

446,486 

591,709 

1,000,000 

150,000 

5.000,000 

800,000 

55  552 

lobiooo 

1.750,000 

400,000 

150,000 

50,000 

300,000 

1,147,500 

455,000 

135,000 

864,000 

540,000 

10,000 

120,000 

5,000,000 

600,000 

1,498,40' 

200,000 

120,000 

715JIOO 

2,247  .(i92 

240,000 

10,.5O0 

2,000,000 

1.50.090 

1,200,000 

60.009 

lO.'iO" 

S:l,090 

10,000 

20,000 

985.000 

1.685.500 

373,137 

2,000i 

1 ,500.000 

2,500,000 

7 ,76  1 

10,000 

44,500 

1,000,000 

180,000 


Par 
Val 


50 

1 

20 

5 

1 

.85 

1 

5 

100 

25 

1 

5 

100 

100 

0.50 

4.S5 

4 .  85 

100 

10 

5 

100 

10 

1 

5 

5 

25 

25 

10 

1 

10 

100 

1 

10 

5 

100 

100 

25 

100 

100 

1 

1  ,00 

5    00 

100 
1 
1 
1 

100 

9.72 
1 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date.  _ 
$417,070  Apr 

440.884'Nov 
t55.870iDec. 
236.683'Sept 
.847.000;  Nov. 
2.764,500 

18S,460'Aug, 

1,400,000 

781,885 

2,0,58,648 

2,386,000 

1.044,866  Aug 

4,050,000,  Apr. 

4,040,000  Aug, 

5,430,000  Jan. 

7.026,286  June 

10,525,044  Oct. 

3,778,630!Dec. 

6.194,400  Mar. 

74,250  Oct. 

214.356, July 

114,000  Oct. 

100,000  Feb. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Mar. 

874,2.".0|Nov. 

1.146,322  Jan, 

660  IIOO  Mar. 

05,858  July 


Latest. 


2,730,000 

1,827,881 

425,000 

1,004,400 


\UK. 
.Sept. 
Oct. 
Jan. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
.Sept. 
..\pr. 
Mar. 


3.845.000 
2.940.000 
5.025.000 
1,140,279 

721,000 
4,741,687 

328,6.56 

420,000 

332,182 

134.8  10:  Oct. 

1  I0.(i:i7  Ocl. 
12. 699,  July 

3 15,000:  Dec. 

600,000  Jan. 

1.3 11. 609,  Aug. 

Dec. 

318,620  Dec. 

471,9980ct. 

284 ,310' Aug. 


'09 
'10 
•07 
'10 
■10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'09 
•07 
■06 
'10 
'10 
'08 
'10 
■10 
■06 
'10 
'10 

'11 

'08 
■08 
'10 
'10 
'10 
'10 
■09 
■1(1 
•10 
'1(1 
■06 
'10 
'10 
•08 
■08 
'11 
'10 
•08 
•09 
■10 
'0' 


SI. 36 
"03 
0 .  124 
0.40 
0.03 
0.17J 
0.01 
0.15 
1.25 
0.25 
0.16 
0.22i 
1.00 
3.50 
0.50 
0.36 
0.36 
2.00 
0.40 
0.07 
3.00 
0.30 
0.02 
0.50 
0.10 
0.48 
0.48 
0.05 
0.15 
0.25 
3.0(1 

o.o:i 

0.20 
0.37} 
1.00 
2,00 
:i.00 
3 ,  .W 
3.00 
0.02 
0.02 

fl.in 
3.50 

0.03 
0.03 
3.00 
1.20 
0.24 
0.10 
0.63 


tSlnce     Reorganization.      tPrevions     to     Jan.,     IfllO     $324,644. 


« 


^ffENGINEERING 


MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED 


^W  E  E  K  L  Y 


ty  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
'earl  Street,  New  York  -%,  John  A. 
till,  president;  Robert  RIcKean,  sec- 
etary  <%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
treet,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
fnter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
ngminjour,  N.  Y.  '^  Subscriptions 
ayable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
umbers,  including  postage  in  the 
nited  States,  M»  xico,  Cuba,  Porto 
ico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6,50 


in  Canada  '%,  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ■%  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  •%,  .\dvertising  copy 
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Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


OL.  go 


DECEMBER  lo,  igio. 


NO.  24 


VlUVUL.irWX    UTA  TliilESr 

Diihiiff     IJtoO     trc    lirintnl     iinti     circiilntcil 
4.3UO     t«/)i(K     (If     TiiK     Engi.nkkuisi;     and 

XlXli     .loril-NAL. 

Our    virciihitioii    fur    yovcmhcr,    1910,     teas 

500    coiiiri. 

Dcrriiiber  :i 11.000 

Drrcinber  10 O.-IOO 

\'on€  Kvnt  frrr  nfiulnrlti,  no  buck  niinibrni. 

!uns  iirr  tin  .  lift  cirvtihttUin. 


The  Steel  Situation 


Co 


ontents 
I  lorials  : 

'he   Steel    Situation 

'tall    t'imsolidated 

lie    Lead    Maiki-t 

'he    Calamine    ot"    l.eadville 

<  respondence    and    !>iscnssion  ; 

Co<")peraticin  tietween  the  I'nited 
States  t;eoIi);;ical  Sni-vey  and  the 
Bureau  i>f  Mines.  .  .  .'llie  P.nddle  as 
a  L'oneenti'alHi-  of  (■op[)er  Slimes 
....Mining  and  SnH'ltinj;  in  ('<)lo- 
rado....The  Value  of  (thservation 
.  .  .  .The  Necessity  ftn-  I-'ree  Silit-a  in 
I'yrlle  Smeltin;;.  .  .  .Tnnnelinf:  .Ma- 
chines. ..  .'I'hf     Hest     .Material     for 

Siainp-inill     Parts 

IJ  -ilions    and    .\ns\vers 

L  ills   of    Practical    Minin.u  ; 

♦A  Simple  Sampling  Iievice.... 
•Whliiord-Mills  Skip  l.oadins  De- 
vice. ...  Insulation  of  Klectric  Cables 
.  .  . .  Uiannind  I 'rill  Reports.  ..  .The 
Treatment  of  (iverlilown  Charges 
in  t'opper  Crmverters.  .  .  .  •.X  Con- 
crete Pipe  Cotlduit  ....  •Types  of 
Skip     1  lumps     in     Ni-w     Yoi-k     Iron 

!  i  ries      

[-pel-    Situation 

I  onsolldated 

:L  nation   Coi)per  Company 

ft-  trt      of      .>lontana-Tonopah      Mininjc; 

Company      '. 

Cnst'hiKs    of    IliRh    Couductlvltv 
V    lialdwln   lOic.irii-   Locomotive.. 

Hanks    for    .Mining   Camps 

'''    -Map  of  a  California   (illlielrl 

'1    .^nll;:na  Mines  of  Iteal  ile  Sivlrijoa. 
SInaloa /;.    1 .   //.   Tiiiik 

■  IS   and    Orient    Uallroad    Conces- 

o         

iiiv    Investors    by    KxposinK    -Mln- 

-    Frauds l\    s.    Thnmils,  ,/r. 

■■■•peiallve     Smelting     Works     at 

iiannestiur'.:    

llouMM  for  .Mine   Kmplovees 

I    CenloRlcai    Wiu-k   in    i.imestone 

-ions fliiiiili-    r.    Hill 

'"lultiple    Tuhe    .Mill 

I'ow.u-  in    Norihern   Ontario 

•■'s  for   Savint;   Wastes  In   Smelt- 

•lases (irnriif    C.    \\i  slbfl 

-Ion      of      II      ("olllerv      WorklnR 

■'<> 1/.      .V.      Illlillilll 

e  Concerning' the   Slarkville   Mine 

■idoslon.  ..Siiiriiil     Ciini^iiiiiiili  nil- 

\  lew      of      .\merican      Itaihvav 

illaL'e       

Extract  All  the  Coai  or"  I'a.v 
luajres.  .  .fifirrlal  ('orrrtipntulrtirr 
vploslon   In    Kontnckv 

■  Work    In    Colliery    Prnotlce. 

,     „,  ,.  Iiiniin    A.    firafirr 

II.  Ohlinary  and   Societies 

il     Correspondence 

News.  .... i..-.y..  .'„'.. 

'tratrit. 


CAIJB 

1141 

114:; 

1142 

114:; 


114:5 

1145 


1140 

1  l.->ll 
11.->II 

ll.i2 
11.%:! 

1  1  .-.4 

1  1  .-l  I 

I  1  .'14 
lI.->4 

1].-..-. 

I I  r,:: 


1  I  CO 

I  llill 

ni;i 
m;.-! 
iii;:i 

llIM 

I I  (i.^ 

1170 
1170 

1170 

1I7II 

1171 

1 1 7:; 

1171 
UIC, 
1182 


The  conference  of  steel  makers  which 
was  in  session  last  week  when  our  re- 
ports were  closed,  was  concluded  without 
any  definite  action;  at  least  no  positive 
statement  of  such  action  was  given  out. 
It  appears,  however,  that  a  sort  of  gen- 
eral agreement  was  reached  that  prices 
of  finished  steel  ought  to  be  maintained 
at  about  the  present  level;  and  that  no 
general  reductions  should  be  made  for 
the  purpose  of  stimulating  business.  A 
peculiarity  of  their  decision  is  that  it 
seems  to  have  been  reached  chiefly  by 
the  larger  independent  companies.  The 
Steel  Corporation  presented  or  assumed 
no  definite  le'-dership;  and  indeed  it  has 
been  reported  that  there  are  serious  dif- 
ferences of  opinion  among  the  heads  of 
the   Corporation    itself. 

In  some  respects  the  situation  into 
which  the  market  has  drifted  resembles 
that  in  which  it  was  before  the  open  mar- 
ket declaration  of  February,  1909,  which 
gave  such  a  noteworthy  stimulus  to  trade. 
That  followed  a  long  period  during  which 
prices  had  been  maintained  with  a  good 
deal  of  pomp  and  circumstance.  It  was 
also  preceded  by  more  or  less  cutting 
and  shading  of  prices  by  the  smaller  In- 
dependent companies;  sufficient  in 
amount  to  show  the  possibilities  of  ex- 
tended business,  and  to  make  the  larger 
independents  and  the  Corporation  itself 
a  trifle  uneasy.  It  followed  a  longer  per- 
iod of  dullness  and  small  sales  than  has 
been  pmssed  through  this  year;  and  the 
level  of  prices  was  generally  higher  than 
that  prevailing  during  the  half-year  now 
closing. 


With  these  exceptions  the  situations  in 
February,  1909,  and  December,  1910,  are 
not  unlike.  Continued  depression  in  the 
financial  markets  has  had  its  effect  on 
trade,  and  there  is  more  or  less  reluc- 
tance to  undertake  new  enterprises,  un- 
less some  special  reason — such  as  the 
cheapness  of  material — is  presented.  To 
what  extent  the  inducement  of  low  prices 
would  operate  is'  not  altogether  clesir. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  it  would  have 
some  effect,  but  just  how  much  it  is  more 
difficult  to  foresee  now  than  it  was  two 
years  ago.  It  seems  sure,  however,  that 
the   experiment   is   worth   trying. 

.^t  present,  according  to  the  best  attain- 
able information,  the  Steel  Corporation 
and  the  larger  independent  companies 
arc  running  at  about  60  per  cent,  of  their 
present  capacity.  This  does  not  mean 
that  there  is  not  still  a  large  volume  of 
business — larger,  indeed,  than  at  any 
time  prior  to  the  active  period  of  1906. 
The  extensions  and  additions  to  mills 
and  furnaces  that  were  sta.ted 
during  the  boom  of  1906-7  are  now 
mainly  finished.  Our  producing  ca- 
pacity is  now  from  25  to  30  per  cent, 
greater  than  it  was  early  in  1906.  The 
present  rate  of  production  and  sales 
would  have  kept  active  much  more  than 
four-fifths  of  the  capacity  of  four  years 
ago.  No  small  part  of  the  present  apparent 
dullness  is  due  to  the  fact  that  productive 
c.ipacity  has  grown  faster  than  the  ability 
to  consume.  Time  is  required  to  even 
up,  and  until  this  has  been  done  there 
will  be  more  or  less  complaint  of  dull 
markets. 

The  present  situation,  however,  can  be 
improved.  As  in  all  trades  the  buyer  can 
be  led,  if  he  thinks  he  sees  an  opportun- 


1142 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


ity  for  his  own  advantage;   and  the  wise 
trader  offers  inducements  if  he  can. 


Utah    Consolidated 


This  year  of  1910  has  been  remark- 
able for  the  collapse  of  bubbles.  With- 
out considering  the  inflated  prospects 
that  have  exploded  we  have  witnessed 
revelations  with  respect  to  such  mines 
as  the  Granby,  North  Butte,  and  the 
Last  Chance  and  Morning  of  the  Federal 
company  that  have  led  to  precipitous  de- 
clines in  their  shares  To  this  list  has 
now  been  added  the  Utah  Consolidated, 
which  it  is  to  be  hoped  will  complete  the 
disastrous  and  discreditable  record  of 
this  year. 

The  Highland  Boy  mine,  of  the  Utah 
Consolidated,  long  since  outlived  its 
halcyon  days  and  has  been  on  the  down- 
ward grade  for  several  years.  However, 
no  one  supposed  that  its  condition  was 
so  bad  as  now  appears.  The  facts  in 
connection  with  the  recent  disclosure  are 
quite  different  from  those  in  the  sur- 
prises sprung  upon  the  stockholders  of 
Granby  and  North  Butte.  In  the  case 
of  Utah  Consolidated  we  have  no  p.reach- 
ment  to  make,  nor  any  disagreeable  re- 
marks. 

This  company  has  been  under  an  ex- 
pert and  intelligent  management.  It  has 
been  for  many  years  characterized  by  the 
excellence  of  its  reports,  in  which  among 
other  things  the  ore  reserves  at  the  end 
of  each  year  have  been  regularly  stated. 
So  recently  as  last  winter  the  manage- 
ment took  the  trouble  to  confirm  its  own 
estimate  by  the  report  of  an  independent 
consulting  engineer.  The  relations  be- 
tween the  directors  and  their  stockhold- 
.  ers   were   unexceptionable. 

Recently,  Mr.  Risque,  who  succeeded 
R.  H.  Channing,  Jr.,  about  four  years 
ago,  retired  from  the  management,  which 
passed  again  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Channing,  as  directing  engineer.  Mr. 
Channing  undertook  a  redetermination 
of  the  ore  reserves  and  found  them  to 
be  only  300,000  tons,  averaging  2.32  per 
cent,  copper,  0.5  oz.  gold  and  0.85  oz. 
silver,  besides  100,000  to  250,000  inac- 
cessible for  inspection  on  account  of 
caves  and  fills  of  waste,  but  probably 
exfractable.  This  estimate  was  con- 
firmed by  an  independent  engineer, 
whose  services  were  wisely  employed, 
in  view  of  the  surprising  character  of 
these  figures.     Mr.  Risque  had  reported 


1,237,470  tons,  last  February;  while  Mr. 
Finch  had  reported  1,121,360  tons,  aver- 
aging 2.33  per  cent,  copper.  Since  then 
up  to  Dec.  1  only  130,000  tons  have  been 
extracted. 

What  is  to  be  said  of  this  except  that 
one  of  the  two  parties  of  engineers 
blundered?  In  this  connection  we  must 
commend  the  correct  procedure  of  Mr. 
Broughton,  the  president  of  the  company, 
in  bringing  all  of  the  engineers  together 
for  consultation,  explanations,  etc.,  be- 
fore coming  to  the  conclusion  that  he 
was  bound  to  announce.  His  announce- 
ment, moreover,  was  evidently  made  as 
promptly    as   possible. 

The  upshot  is  that  we  now  find  this 
once-famous  mine  left  with  only  one 
year's  supply  of  known  ore,  possibly 
enough  for  six  months  more,  and  some 
fair  chances  for  new  discoveries,  while  a 
great  smelting  works,  especially  installed 
for  the  trer.tment  of  the  product  of  this 
mine,  has  but  just  been  completed. 


The  Calamine  of  Leadville 


.1 


to 


The    Lead    Market 


We  doubt  if  the  exuberant  estimate  o 

a    body    of    calamine    ore    amounting 

1,215,000  tons,  averaging  37^<   per  cent 

zinc,  and  possessing  a  net  value  of  S19,- 

440.000  will  be   realized;   or  that  by  the 

end  of  this  year,  now  so  close   at  hand 

the  shipments  of  calamine  from  Leadville 

will    be    at    the   rate    of    10,000   tons   per 

month.    The    actualities   are    likely   to   be 

less  in  each  case.     However,  the   newly 

discovered    deposits    are    undoubtedly    of 

much    commercial    importance,    even     if 

their  extent  be  smaller,  their  occurrence 

more  irregular  and  their  grade  lower  than 

enthusiasts  have  proclaimed.     And,  more 

over,  their  importance  will   not  be  con 

fined  merely  to  the  miners  who  will  rea 

lize  upon  them  and  the  smelters  who  wil 

gain  a  needed   new  supply  of  raw  ma 

terial,  but  will  extend  to  the  whole  Stat 

of  Colorado,  of  which  the  mining  Indus 

try   in   general    will   benefit   by   the   pro 

motion  of  the  idea  that  its  old  mines  ma 

still    have    something    worth    prospectin 

for. 


The  situation  in  the  lead  market  is  the 
great  mystery  of  all  of  the  metal  markets. 
This  follows  naturally  from  the  fact  that 
the  statistics  for  this  metal  are  decidedly 
inferior  to  those   for  copper,  spelter  and 
tin,  and  even  to  those  for  pig  iron.     We 
never  know  accurately  with  respect  to  the 
accumulated   stocks.     The   production   of 
lead    for   several   years   has   been   ample 
in  spite  of  the  decline  of  some  of  the  im- 
portant mines,  the   undisputed   statement 
that   no   new   lead-producing   district   has 
been    discovered    in    20    years,    and    the 
prognostication  that  some  of  the  present 
producers  will  go  off  rapidly  before  the 
lapse  of  many  years.     Up  to  date,  how- 
ever,  the   decrease   in   the   production   of 
the    Creur    d'Alene,    which    district    has 
doubtless   passed     its     zenith,     has    been 
more  than  made  good  bv  Missouri.     For 
several   years   it   appears   likely   that   the 
production  of  the  United  States  has  been 
in  excess  of  the  consumption,  leading  to 
a   large    accumulation   of   stock.     At   the 
end  of   1910  this  stock  will  probably  be 
smaller   than   at    the   beginning,   but    we 
si'spect  that  it  is  still  larger  than  is  gen- 
erally believed  which,  if  true,  may,  .ilong 
with   some   other  circumstances,   account 
for  some   of   the   peculiarities   that   have 
been  observed  in  this  market  during  the 
vear. 


One  of  the  most  interesting  instancf 
of  the  revival  of  an  ancient  mining  ii 
dustry  is  found  in  France.  Gold  w: 
mined  there  in  Roman  times,  and  to  son 
extent  in  the  middle  ages;  but  only 
few  years  ago  there  was  no  idea  that  t! 
ancient  mines  would  ever  be  reopene 
Through  the  persistent  effort  of  a  ft  , 
engineers  and  metallurgists,  however, 
has  been  done;  and  last  year  there  w 
a  total  production  of  1800  kg.— ornea; 
SI, 200,000 — in  gold,  and  a  consideral 
profit  was  reported  by  the  compan 
engaged  in  the  work.  There  is  evt 
prospect  also  that  this  output  will  sh 
an  increase  for  the  current  year. 


West  Virginia  in  the  last  fiscal  year 
creased    its   coal   production   largely, 
still  further  increase  is  planned,  forth, 
has  been   for  some  months  past  a  r 
boom    in    the    coal    lands    of   the   St; 
Some      important    transfers    have    b' 
made  and  the  number  of  new  compar 
organized   is   large.     Some   of  these. 
least,  mean  business  and  have  substan 
backing.     lit  is  noticeable  that  a  num 
of   Pennsylvania   operators   are   secui . 
West  Virginia  lands,  either  for  immed 
opening  or  to  be  held  as  a  reserve 
the   future. 


December   10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1143 


5;gss»f5a^J3^agg^^- 


L\ ' '  i^'  1 1  cz::fu 


CORRESPONDENCE  and  DISCUSSION, 

^  ^      Vie-ws,       Su.g'crestions        >^       -j^ 

^       and      Ex  periences      of     Reader  s      j^ 


Cooperation    between    the    United 

States  Geological  Survey  and 

the  Bureau  of  Mines 


On    my    return    to    Washington    I    note 
the  statement  made  in  the  Nov.   19  issue 
of  the  Journal  asserting  lack  of  coop- 
eration between  the  U.  S.  Geological  Sur- 
vey and  the   Bureau  of  Mines.     Director 
Holmes  has  already  informed  you  of  the 
lack    of    foundation    for    that    statement, 
;o  that  I  need  add  only  a  word  of  corrob- 
)ration. 
With  the  permission  of  Doctor  Holmes 
quote    from    a    letter    I    wrote    him    in 
September   in    which    I    mentioned    coop- 
ration   between   the   two   bureaus,    "that 
nust  touch  at  many  points  if  their  work 
5  to   be   successful"   and    which    I    con- 
luded  with  this  sentence:     "I  hope  you 
'ill  consider  this  letter  a  sincere  expres- 
ion  of  my  desire  and  purpose  to  make 
very  effort  to  contribute  to  the  success 
f  yourself  and  your  bureau."     To  bring 
bout  such  active  cooperation  the  direc- 
irs,   as   well   as   the   other   members   of 
le   two   bureaus,    are    in    frequent    con- 
•rence. 

In  asking  you  to  correct  the  wrong  im- 
"ession  occasioned  by  the  statement  of 
)ur  Washington  correspondent,  I  wish 
express  my  appreciation  of  the  fact 
at  for  some  months  Washington  has 
en  very  dull  as  a  news  center. 

George  Otis  Smith, 
Director,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey. 
Washington,  D.  C.,  Nov.  30,  1910. 


The  Buddie  as  a   Concentrator 
of  Copper  Slimes 

Mr.   Rice,   in   his   article    published    on 

ge    1107   of   the   Journal   of   Dec.    3, 

ikes  several  rather  daring  statements. 

has   always   been     my     understanding 

U  the   buddle   with   a   concave   conical 

rface  gives  rapid  rough  concentration; 

th  a  convex  surface,  a  slower  concen- 

ition,  but   a   higher  saving   and   conse- 

'ently  tailings  of  lower  grade.     In   fact 

lave  seen  a  concave  buddle  used  first 

I  give  a  rough  concentrate  product  that 

's  later  cleaned   on   a   convex    buddle. 

'e    Pinder    concentrator    is,    I    believe, 

l|ilt  in  both  forms  by  the  Joshua  Hendy 

Ichine  Works  of  San  Francisco. 

'n  the  North  Star  mills,  at  Grass  Val- 

1  .  Cal.,  nine  Dodd  buddies  are  used  in 

W;h  of  the   two   plants.     The   machines 

^  not  make  a  clean  concentrate  and  in 

fl:h  installation  the  middlings  from  the 


first  eight  tables  are  treated  on  the  ninth. 
This  is,  of  course,  not  an  example  of  the 
treatment  of  copper  slimes,  but  of  the 
rough  concentration  of  gold-bearing  sul- 
phurets.  However,  certainly  no  one  can 
charge  the  North  Star  metallurgists  with 
"fossilhood"  and  in  any  general  discus- 
sion of  the  pros  and  cons  of  the  buddle 
those   gentlemen   should   be   heard    from. 

S.  Galley. 
Colorado  City,  Colo.,  Dec.  5,  1910. 


Mining  and  Smelting  in   Colorado 

I  have  long  held  the  opinion  that  the 
newspapers  are  in  large  measure  indi- 
rectly responsible  for  the  decrease  of 
TTiining  in  Colorado.  It  is  high  time  that 
tht  local  press  put  the  soft  pedal  on  their 
ridiculous  statements,  for  owing  to  these 
well  known  exaggerations  and  misleading 
statements,  they  are  fast  drifting  into  the 
condition  of  the  boy  who  cried,  "Wolf!" 
for  fun  when  there  was  no  wolf;  then 
v.hen  the  latter  really  came,  the  boy's 
cries  were  unheeded,  and  Lupus  made  a 
comfortable  repast.  Of  course,  local 
editors  are  anxious  to  help  their  particu- 
lai  district,  and  their  efforts  in  this  be- 
half are  laudable;  moreover,  they  cannot 
afford  to  employ  a  mining  engineer  to 
give  correct  reports,  and  they  themselves 
have  had  no  technical  education.  The 
consequence  is  that  they  simply  publish 
V  hat  the  miners  tell  them.  But  all  edi- 
tors in  mining  camps  know  enough  about 
the  business  to  exercise  more  discretion 
in  what  they  publish. 

What  happens  is  this:  Three  partners 
are  working  their  claim,  and  a  shot  in 
the  breast  discloses  some  rich  ore.  A 
picked  sample  is  at  once  taken,  and 
rushed  to  the  assay  office.  It  may  show 
some  free  gold  or  the  telluride  of  gold, 
such  as  sylvanite  or  calaverite,  and  the 
assay  returns  say  50  oz.  gold  to  the  ton. 
Then  the  local  reporter  gets  hold  of  the 
story,  and  an  article  appears  next  is- 
sue  as    follows:   " and   associates 

have  just  broken  into  a  body  of  ore  that 
assays  better  than  (mind  you,  it  is  always 
'better  than' I  50  oz.  gold  per  ton.  The 
extent  of  the  orebody  has  not  yet  been 
determined,  but  the  partners  are  very  ju- 
bilant over  their  good  fortune." 

Meantime  the  men  have  put  in  some 
more  shots,  and  find  they  have  say  3  ft. 
of  ore  that  will  average  S15,  the  first 
shot  having  been  in  a  rich  pocket.  Or  if 
the  reporter  visits  the  lease,  he  is  told 
that  they  have  just  shipped  a  carload  to 
the  smeltery,  and  it  "ought  to  go  at  least 


^100  to  the  ton."  In  the  paper  next  is- 
sue this  item  reads:  "They  are  making 
regular  shipments,  and  a  carload  of  ore 
has  just  gone  to  the  smeltery,  which 
will  yield  better  than  SlOO  to  the  ton  in 
gold." 

Would  it  not  be  better  for  the  reporter 
to  have  waited  until  the  smeltery  re- 
turns were  received,  and  then  published 
actual  facts?  These  vagaries  are  copied 
from  the  local  mining  papers  into  the 
Denver  dailies,  and  read  by  perhaps  100,- 
000  people,  more  or  less.  But  the  pub- 
lic is  now  thoroughly  "onto  the  game," 
and  the  reports  benefit  neither  the  camps, 
the  mine  owners,  nor  the  papers,  and  it 
is  high  time  that  the  editors  and  news 
gatherers  begin  to  cut  out  the  publishing 
of  prophecies,  assays  of  picked  speci- 
iT:ens,  and  estimates  of  the  value  of  ore 
from  appearances,  and  the  interests  of 
the  mining  industry  of  Colorado,  will 
thus  be  better  served. 

W.  W.  Orson. 

Denver.  Colo.,   Dec.   1,   1910. 


TTie  Value  of  Observation 


The  man  holding  an  operating  position 
in  the  mining  industry  is  usually  given 
slight  consideration  by  American  compan- 
ies. It  is  required  th.it  he  "deliver  the 
goods"  and  the  means  by  which  this  be 
accomplished  are  left  entirely  to  the  indi- 
vidual. The  shortsightedness  of  such  a 
policy  is  certainly  evident  to  the  operator, 
but  is  seldom  considered  by  coirpany  of- 
ficials. 

Any  man,  no  matter  how  thorough  his 
training  and  wide  his  experience,  is  liable 
to  get  into  a  rut  after  remaining  on  one 
job  for  a  number  of  years  without  inter- 
ruption. The  cares  and  worries  of  the 
routine  work  on  any  large  operation  are 
enough  to  keep  the  superintendent  or 
manager  engrossed  in  his  own  peculiar 
duties  and  after  a  certain  period  he  is 
bound  to  lose  his  perspective.  Meanwhile 
problems  of  mining  practice  and  nietal- 
liirgy  are  being  worked  out  elsewhere  but 
the  man  with  "his  nose  to  the  grindstone" 
has  little  or  no  opportunity  to  keep  posted 
on  these  advances. 

True,  the  Journal,  in  the  columns  de- 
voted to  practical  mining  and  in  the 
longer  general  articles,  chronicles  the 
work  of  various  operators  all  over  the 
world.  But  it  is  hard  for  the  average 
reader  to  realize  the  importance  of  these 
ideas  and  to  see  how  they  can  profitably 
be  applied  to  his  own  problems.  On  the 
other  hand  if  each  man  could  personally 


1144 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


inspect  the  new  workings  he  could  at 
once  appreciate  the  possibilities  for  im- 
proving his  own  operations  by  the  ap- 
plication of  the  ideas  involved. 

It  seems  to  me  that  the  best  way  to 
keep  my  own  work  up  to  the  standard  of 
other  communities  is  to  visit  these  from 
time  to  time  and  judge  of  the  value  of  the 
other  fellow's  ideas.  A  number  of  the 
large  English  mining  companies  have  for 
a  long  time  made  a  practice  of  sending 
their  superintendents  and  other  employ- 
ees, at  certain  intervals,  on  trips  of  in- 
spection to  other  mining  districts.  The 
result  has  been,  I  believe,  most  satis- 
frctory  to  the  company  and  the  employee. 
In  recent  years  several  of  the  large 
American  companies  have  adopted  this 
scheme  to  a  limited  extent.  The  fact  that 
the  operations  of  such  companies  are  car- 
ried on  in  the  most  economical  manner 
should  prove  the  wisdom  of  such  a 
course. 

More  often,  however,  if  a  super- 
intendent is  a  man  of  large  enough 
caliber  to  realize  the  need  of  outside  ob- 
servation and  ideas,  he  must  himself  not 
only  stand  the  expense  of  his  trip  but 
make  it  on  his  own  time.  (Vacations  are 
almost  unknown  to  the  average  mining 
•operator.)  The  fact  that  the  benefit  from 
such  trips  accrues  entirely  to  the  com- 
pany is  seldom  realized. 

Should  such  a  practice  of  visiting 
among  mining  men  once  obtain,  the  com- 
panies would  quickly  be  brought  to  the 
realization  of  the  benefit  to  be  derived 
and,  in  order  that  their  representatives 
be  accorded  opportunities  for  observation, 
would  be  forced  to  be  more  open  in  al- 
lowing others  access  to  their  workings. 

The  initiative  in  such  a  move  must, 
however,  be  taken  by  the  companies  and 
not  by  their  employees.  A  free  inter- 
change of  ideas  and  consideration  for  the 
employee  "on  the  job"  is  the  desideratum 
both  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  share- 
holder and  the  operator. 

Superintendent. 
Clifton,  Ariz.,  Nov.  20,  1910. 


the  same  difficulties  that  the  Famatina 
company  encountered,  although  in  this 
case  it  is  clear  that  the  silica  would  be 
free,  and  the  alumina  already  combined. 
Blast  Furnace. 
Copper  Hill.  Tenn.,  Dec.  7,  1910. 


The 


Necessity    for    Free    Silica  in 
Pyritic  Smelting 


In  the  Journal  of  Dec.  3,  1910,  there 
is  an  abstract  of  a  report  on  pyritic 
smelting  at  the  Famatina  plant,  in  which 
the  conclusion  is  reported  that  "in  py- 
ritic smelting  it  is  absolutely  necessary 
that  the  silica  should  not  be  combined. 
but  be  free  to  combine  at  once  with  the 
iron  oxide  as  soon  as  formed  by  the  oxi- 
dation of  the  pyrites."  However,  in  this 
particular  case  the  ore  contained  11.5  to 
15.3  per  cent,  of  alumina,  and  I  am  in- 
clined to  believe  that  absent  alumina 
would  be  more  of  a  desideratum  in  this 
case  than  free  silica.  That  is,  I  believe 
tliat  a  mixture  of  quartz,  iron  p>(rites  and 
hercynite  (ferrous  aluminate)  would  give 


Tunneling  Machines 

For  several  years  I  have  been  watching, 
through  the  technical  press,  the  advance 
in  the  development  of  tunneling  machines 
and  during  this  time  have  examined  sev- 
eral of  the  machines.  It  is  my  opinion 
that  a  mechanically  satisfactory  tunneler 
would  possess  great  advantages,  as  a 
rapid  rate  of  advance  could  be  attained 
at  a  probable  lower  cost  than  is  possible 
by  ordinary  present-day  methods,  and  the 
most ,  desirable  form  of  tunnel  could  be 
cut  in  one  operation.  The  successful  so- 
lution of  the  mechanical  problems  of  the 
construction  is,  however,  yet  to  be  found. 

I  remember  witnessing  the  test  of  the 
Terry,  Tench  &  Proctor  machine  which 
was  conducted  in  the  New  York  Central 
excavation  near  Forty-sixth  street.  New 
York,  on  June  3.  1909.  The  machine  ran 
practically  without  a  hitch  for  10  min., 
during  which  period  it  advanced  an  8-ft. 
heading  3;_.  in.  The  only  difficulty  seemed 
to  be  in  getting  the  drills  to  cut  the  outer 
rim  of  the  heading  as  fast  as  the  cen- 
tral portion  was  advanced.  However, 
after  a  few  days  of  unsuccessful  tin- 
kering the  machine  was  loaded  on  flat 
cars  and  removed  to  a  place  where  the 
necessary  changes  could  be  made  to  bet- 
ter advantage. 

Since  that  time  I  have  at  infrequent  in- 
tervals heard  rumors  of  the  tunneler  be- 
ing perfected  but  have  never  heard  of  a 
successful  run.  And  this  machine  im- 
pressed me  as  being  the  best  of  the  ma- 
chines I  had  seen. 

Then,  last  spring,  while  going  through 
the  Original  Consolidated  mine  at  Butte, 
Mont.,  I  unexpectedly  came  across  a  most 
wonderful  monster  of  the  underworld 
which  upon  closer  inspection  proved  to  be 
a  tunneler  of  very  much  the  same  de- 
sign of  the  Proctor  machine.  This  Butte 
tunneler  was  designed  by  Thomas  Bryant, 
superintendent  of  the  Original  Consoli- 
dated, and  although  much  time,  energy 
and  probably  money  had  been  spent  on 
its  perfection  it  had,  to  say  the  least, 
failed  to  "eat  Its  way  through  the  gran- 
ite" as  is  often  claimed  for  the  various 
tunnelers. 

From  time  to  time  the  Karns,  Sigafoos 
and  Granger  tunneling  machines,  and  one 
recently  invented  by  William  Forbes  Wit- 
tick,  of  Erie,  Penn.,  have  attracted  at- 
tention either  through  newspaper  reports 
of  great  doings  or  stock  advertisements. 
So  far,  however,  I  have  been  unable  to 
run  down  a  single  case  of  successful 
operation  over  nny  considerable  period  of 
time. 


I  certainly  agree,  though,  to  the  ad- 
vantages of  a  "successful"  tunneling  ma- 
chine and  only  wait  to  be  shown  the  ma- 
chine in  which  the  numerous  mechanical 
difficulties  have  been  overcome.  It  is 
manifestly  impossible  to  learn  through 
the  ordinary  channels  of  all  the  advances 
in  this  or  any  other  line,  and  I  consider 
the  subject  of  sufficient  interest  to  mining 
men  to  start  the  discussion,  hoping  that 
those  who  have  later  and  more  accurate 
data  will  submit  them  through  the  col- 
umns of  the  Journal.  J.  T. 

New  York,  Dec.  4,  1910. 


The  Best  Material  for  Stamp-mill 
Parts 


During  my  experience  in  various  stamp 
mills  in  the  West,  I  have  had  occasion 
to  use  several  kinds  of  material  for 
stamp-mill  parts.  Gradually  I  have 
formed  an  opinion  as  to  the  most  suitable 
material  for  each  part,  but  I  admit  that  I 
have  not  collected  accurate  or  complete 
data  to  support  my  opinions.  It  is  in  the 
hope  of  starting  a  discussion  that  will  be 
fruitful  in  bringing  out  interesting  infor- 
mation on  this  subject,  that  I  am  willing 
to  venture  into  print  with  such  an  unsatis- 
factory treatment  of  the  subject. 

For  stamp  shoes  and  dies  I  have 
formed  a  strong  preference  for  chrome 
steel,  although  the  hammered  armor  plate 
and  cast-projectile  steels,  such  as  advo- 
cated by  the  Midvale  company,  seem  to 
give  almost  as  satisfactory  results.  I 
have  also  used  the  manganese  steel,  but 
it  seems  to  exhibit  a  tendency  to  flow 
under  the  hard  usage  to  which  it  is  nec- 
essarily subjected.  Shoes  of  cast  iron  I 
consider  a  nuisance,  as  there  is  always 
strong  chance  of  cracking  in  the  neck. 
C.-'st-iron  dies  are,  however,  much  better, 
and  1  have  at  various  times  secured 
white-iron  dies  from  local  foundries  that 
gave  excellent  service. 

I  also  advocate  the  use  of  steel  stamp 
heads,  tappets  and  cams  as  being  more 
economical  and  satisfactory  in  the  long 
run.  One  broken  part  means  the  hanging 
up  of  an  entire  battery  and  the  loss  thus 
entailed  will,  in  a  short  time,  more  than 
overbalance  the  saving  effected  in  buying 
a  cheap  grade  of  cast-iron  parts.  Stamp 
heads,  etc.,  should  be  made  of  specially 
selected  open-hearth  steel  that  has  been 
treated   and  annealed. 

After  operating  a  mill  for  a  long  period 
using  cast-iron  stamp-mill  parts,  it  will 
usuallv  cause  an  awful  "halloo"  from  the 
office  when  stee.  parts  are  requested.  I 
have  found,  though,  that  the  results  at- 
tained using  the  more  expensive  steel 
parts  have  been  so  satisfactory  that  the 
after  effect  on  the  office  gentlemen  has 
been  pleasing  enough  to  warrant  the  first 
unpleasantness. 

^'^  A,  Z.  Randall. 

Virgiriia^City,,'||ev.,  Nov.^6,  1910. 


i 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1145 


QUESTIONS-^ANSWERS    • 


Effect  of  Molybdenmte  in  Cyanide 
Practice 

Can  you  give  me  any  information  as  to 
the  effect  of  molybdenite  in  an  ore  to  be 
treated  by  the  cyanide  process? 

Molybdenum. 

It  is  probable  that  the  molybdenite 
would  have  no  effect  whatever,  especially 
if  in  small  quantities,  i.e.,  only  1  or  2 
per  cent.  It  any  readers  have  had  exper- 
ience with  high  percentages  of  molybde- 
nite in  cyaniding  ores,  in  which  positive 
effects  were  shown,  information  concern- 
ing them  would  be  greatly  appreciated. 


ductivity  of  the  metal,  so  anything  which 
can  be  done  to  prevent  radiation,  con- 
duction and  convection  losses  is  a  help  in 
the  soldering  process. 


Disposal  of  Titanite 
Can  you  advise  the  names  of  the  users 
of  titanite,  and  the  price  paid  for  it? 

H.   M.   N. 

The  only  suggestion  which  we  can 
make  on  the  subject  of  users  of  titanite, 
is  that  you  write  to  the  Titanium  Alloy 
Manufacturing  Company,  of  Pittsburg, 
Penn.;  C.  W.  Leavitt  &  Co.,  E.  V.  Ma- 
chette,  or  the  Goldschmidt  Thermit  Com- 
pany, of  New  York.  The  prices  of  the  less 
commonly  used  minerals  is  dependent  to 
a  large  extent  on  the  purity  and  quan- 
tity of  material  offered,  and  sometimes 
on  whether  or  not  the  new  producer  is 
thought  sufficiently  powerful  to  make  it 
worth  while  to  make  an  ally  of  him,  so 
chat  any  general  price  quotations  would 
De  meaningless,  although  it  may  be  safely 
stated  that  a  100  per  cent,  rutile  will  not 
iring  much  over  40  cents  per  unit  at  New 
t'ork. 

Soldering  Aluminum 
Please    state    whether    there    is    any 
nethod   for  soldering   aluminum? 

W.  S.  A. 
The  difficulty  in  soldering  aluminum 
onsists  chiefly  in  the  quick  formation  of 
n  oxide  film,  which  cannot  be  removed 
y  soldering  salts  as  with  other  metals, 
iowever,  with  practice,  aluminum  can 
sually  be  soldered  by  rubbing  the  solder 
tick  back  and  forth  over  the  surface 
ard  enough  to  remove  the  oxide  film,  at 
le  same  time  heating  with  a  blow  torch, 
his  coats  the  metal  with  solder  as  fast 
s  the  oxide  is  rubbed  off.  A  blow  torch 
ither  than  a  soldering  iron  is  used  so 
5  to  attain  a  high  enough  temperature 
)r  solder  and  aluminum  to  alloy.  After 
tinning"  for  some  time  it  is  well 
,1  rub  the  solder  into  the  surface  with 
brass  scratch  brush  while  the  solder  is 
ill  fluid,  after  which  it  may  be  neces- 
iry  to  retin. 

The  best  aluminum  solder  is  composed 
lead  and  zinc  in  various  proportions. 
n  obstacle  to  attaining  the  high  tem- 
rature  spoken  of  as  necessary  for 
Idering  aluminum  is  the  high  heat  con- 


The  Magnetometer 
Can  you  tell  me  where  I  can  get  a 
Thalen-Tiberg  magnetometer  and  is  it  a 
good  indicator  of  mineral?  If  a  mineral 
compass  shows  a  dip  of  40  to  45  deg. 
anywhere  on  a  twenty-acre  tract  of  land, 
what  does  this  indicate?  J.  E,  W. 

The  apparatus  referred  to  can  be  ob- 
tained of  Hamilton  &  Hansell,  29  Broad- 
way, New  York,  at  about  S125.  It  is  a  good 
indicator  for  strongly  magnetic  minerals, 
but  not  for  magnetically  inert  orebodies. 
As  to  the  meaning  of  a  40-  to  45-deg.  dip 
on  a  piece  of  property,  that  would  de- 
pend entirely  on  the  prevailing  magnetic 
dip  for  that  locality.  The  average  dip  for 
that  vicinity  could  be  obtained  from  the 
Geological  Survey,  or  you  could  test  it 
for  yourself.  If  40  to  45  is  decidedly 
greater  than  the  prevailing  dip,  it  seems 
undoubted  that  a  body  of  iron  ore  must 
underlie  that  field. 


Copper  Smelting  with  Charcoal 
I  want  to  look  into  the  method  of 
smelting  copper  ore  with  charcoal  in  a 
water-jacket  furnace.  What  book  is 
there  on  the  manufacture  of  charcoal  in 
beehive  ovens,  including  construction  of 
the  ovens?  What  book  or  paper  is 
there  respecting  the  smelting  with  char- 
coal in  water-jacket  furnaces?  Is  any- 
one using  that  fuel  for  such  smelting  at 
the   present  time? 

C.  C. 

(1)  We  know  of  no  book  or  paper  on 
the  manufacture  of  charcoal.  The  sub- 
ject is  covered  more  or  less  extensively 
in  all  the  books  on  fuel.  See  Mills  and 
Rowan,  "Fuels  and  Their  Applications," 
price  S5. 

(2)  We  know  of  no  book  or  paper  on 
the  smelting  of  copper  ore  with  char- 
coal. Such  smelting  has  been  done  by 
many  persons,  including  the  editor  of 
this  paper.  There  is  no  difticulty  about 
it.  Go  ahead  and  do  it,  but  do  not  use 
so  high  a  burden  of  charge  as  to  crush 
the    charcoal    excessively. 

(3)  We  do  not  know  of  anyone  using 
charcoal  as  fuel  at  the  present  time,  but 
have  no  doubt  that  there  are  small  fur- 
naces running  in  Mexico  with  that   fuel. 


Sampling  Copper  by  Granulation 
What  is  the  probable  source  of  error  in- 
troduced  by   sampling  converter  charges 
by  a  ladle  sample  granulated  into  water. 

H.  J.  P. 
The  difficulty  with  the  above  method  of 
sampling  is  that  more  or  less  copper  al- 
ways solidifies  on  the  ladle  during  the 
pouring.  This  copper  will,  except  in  rare 
cases,  have  a  lower  value  than  the  un- 


chilled  metal,  making  the  copper  poured 
from  the  ladle  of  higher  silver  and  gold 
tenor  than  the  average  of  the  charge. 
The  difference  between  a  ladle  sample 
taken  this  way  and  the  true  average  of 
the  charge  may  amount  to  5  or  6  per  cent, 
of  the  silver  contents,  and  can  hardly  fail 
to  be  less  than  1  per  cent.  If  the  ladle 
be  strongly  heated  before  taking  the 
sample,  the  segregation  is  diminished,  and 
the  accuracy  increased,  but  the  results 
are  not  reliable  even  then,  and  the  only 
safe  way  is  to  take  a  shot  sample  by 
batting  through  the  falling  stream  with  a 
wooden  paddle  and  catching  the  shot  in 
water. 

A  method  sometimes  practised  is  to 
cast  a  thin  rectangular  cake,  and  to  saw 
it  along  the  diagonals.  This  method  is  also 
faulty,  for  the  cake  itself  will  average  too 
high  if  it  is  cast  from  a  ladle,  while  even 
if  the  cake  be  a  fair  average,  sawing 
along  the  diagonals  gives  too  high  a  re- 
sult. If  a  cake  sample  be  taken,  first  be 
sure  that  it  is  a  fair  sample  of  the  fall- 
ing stream,  and  then  drill  holes  well 
distributed  over  its  surface,  and  going  all 
the  way  through  the  plate. 

Use  of  Holes  in  Powder 
Can  you  tell  me  the  use  of  the  holes 
through      the       prisms     of     high-power 
powder?  M.  F.  H. 

According  to  information  furnished  by 
Doctor  Hudson,  of  the  du  Pont  de  Ne- 
mours company,  these  powders  are  not 
high-power  in  the  sense  that  they  ex- 
plode quickly  as  do  the  high  explosives 
used  in  blasting.  The  reason  for  the 
holes,  according  to  Doctor  Hudson,  is 
as  follows:  These  coarse  powders  burn 
with  comparative  slowness  from  the  sur- 
face only,  instead  of  going  off  practically 
all  at  once,  by  detonation  throughout  the 
mass,  as  do  some  of  the  high  explosives. 
If  the  powder  in  a  cannon  burned  only 
from  the  outside  of  the  grain,  the  surface 
available  for  combustion  would  continu- 
ally grow  smaller,  and  the  volume  of  gas 
generated  in  equal  infinitesimal  portions 
of  time  grow  continually  less,  whereas  the 
demand  for  the  propelling  force  is  grow- 
ing continuously  greater.  By  putting  the 
holes  through  the  powder,  inner  com- 
bustion surfaces  are  provided  which  grow 
continuously  greater  as  the  material  burns 
away.  Usually  there  are  seven  of  these 
holes  provided  to  counterbalance  the  one 
large  outside  surface.  Doctor  Hudson 
also  made  the  interesting  statement  that 
the  powders  for  large-caliber  arms  were 
intentionally  calculated  to  burn  the  car- 
bon only  to  CO,  as  the  high  temperature 
produced  by  burning  to  CO.-  eroded  the 
gun  too  much,  but  that  in  revolver  pow- 
ders, where  the  powder  practically  got 
nothing  but  one  quick  push  at  the  bullet, 
the  oxygen  was  calculated  to  burn  the 
carbon  to  CO..  in  order  to  develop  a 
high  tertiperafure,  and  consequent  high 
pressure. 


1146 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,   1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  "of  Small  as  Well  as* 
Large  Mines.      Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


A  Simple  Sampling  Device 

The  device  used  at  the  surface  plant 
of  the  Crown  Reserve  mine,  at  Cobalt, 
Ont.,  for  sampling  jig  tailings  is  easily 
constructed  and  gives  satisfactory  re- 
sults. 

A  cylindrical  steel  sample  cutter 
with  a  narrow  slit  (bounded  by  two  ele- 
ments of  the  surface  I  cut  out  of  the  shell 
is  set  below  the  bottom  of  an  inclined 
chute  for  jig  tailing  in  such  a  position 
that  the  cylinder  extends  across  the  bot- 
tom and  slightly  into  the  chute,  the  bot- 
tom of  which  is  cut  away  at  this  point. 
The  portion  of  the  cylinder  extending 
into  the  chute,  at  any  one  position,  is  cut 
out  to  form  a  slit  into  which  the  sample 
runs.  A  side  view  of  this  arrangement 
is  shown  in  an  accompanying  drawing. 
The  sampler  is  in  the  position  in  which 
the  sample  is  cut. 


Discharge t 

Sampler  Used  in  a  Cobalt  Mill 

•  By  varying  the  width  of  the  slit  in  the 
sampler  and  rotating  it  at  the  proper 
speed,  any  desired  proportion  of  the  tail- 
ings passing  through  the  chute  can  be 
cut 

At  the  Crown  Reserve,  with  a  slit 
about  ,'/.  in.  wide  in  the  cylinder  and 
rotating  the  sampler  once  every  15  sec,  j 
sample  of  about  500  lb.  per  day  is  ob- 
tained. The  sampler  empties  itself 
through  the  same  slit  through  which  the 
material  in  the  chute  is  diverted  into  it, 
and  requires  no  special  attention. 


According  to  the  annual  report  of  the 
Montana-Tonopah  Mining  Company,  cov- 
ering operations  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
Aug.  31,  1910,  the  cyanide  consumption 
in  the  mill  was  2.126  lb.  per  ton  of  ore 
treated;  that  of  lime,  7.68  lb.;  zinc  dust, 
1.04  lb.;  lead  acetate,  0.345  lb.,  and  acid, 
0.v38  lb.  per  ton.  The  ore  averaged 
$15.22  per  ton  (0.206  oz.  gold  and  21.139 
oz.  silver). 


Whitford-MiUs   Skip  Loading 
Device 

By   E.  M.  Weston* 

The  accompanying  illustration  shows 
an  apparatus  devised  by  Messrs,  Whit- 
ford  and  Mills,  general  manager  and  en- 


tom  of  the  shaft.  These  skips  hold  five 
tons,  as  do  the  skips '  in  the  shaft,  and 
are  to  be  filled  from  the  bin  while  the 
hoisting  skips  are  running  in  the  shafts. 
They  are  hung  at  A  and  balanced  so  that 
their  movement  while  tipping  is  control- 
led by  guides  B,  in  such  a  manner  that 
tlie  hoisting  skips  on  their  descent  tips 
them     automatically     by     engaging     the 


i"/if  £>i.7ir(cifi«i/  i Xini^ij  ■Tiiuriut 


Thk  Whitford-Mills  Skii'-i-oaoinc   Device 


gineer  of  the  City  Deep,  Ltd.,  Johannes- 
burg, S.  A.  It  is  designed  to  load  five- 
ton  skips  faster  than  could  he  done  by 
means  of  Kimherley  chutes. 

The  idea  consists  essentially  of  a  sec- 
ond skip  in  each  compartment  in  front 
of  the  main  doors  of  the  bin  at  the  bot- 


•Mlrilni;   ciiKinwr.   :Jii    SI.    .Miir.v's   liulUUiiKs 
.lolmnncslmrc.    S.    A. 


hooks  C  on  either  side.  The  loading 
skips  themselves  never  project  into  the 
shaft  even  while  tipping.  In  this  manner 
hoisting  could  be  carried  on  without  anv 
pause  except  for  reversing  the  engines, 
say   15  seconds. 

One  possible  drawback  to  the  use  of 
the  device  might  be  the  possibility  of 
damage  to  the  apparatus  by  a  skip  reach- 


December  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1147 


ing  the  loading  station  with  too  niucii 
i-elocity;  but  as  electric  winding  is  rapid- 
ly being  adopted,  this  system  can  easily 
be  adjusted  for  automatic  action,  and 
steam  winding  engines  could  also  be  pro- 
t^ided  with  one  of  the  well  known  types 
jf  automatic  reversing  and  breaking  de- 
irices. 


Insulation    of    Electric  Cables 

The  selection  of  insulating  material  for 
inderground  cables  is  a  most  important 
ine,  and  the  initial  cost  of  this  part  of  the 
rstallation  should  .ways  be  a  secondary 
onsideration.  The  best  of  materials,  says 
(.  C.  Mackie  [Journ.  Transvaal  Inst. 
Aech.  Engrs.,  Oct.,  1910),  is  necessary 
or  insulating  mine  cables,  and  the  con- 
itions  of  a  mine  should  be  carefully 
tudied  before  the  insulating  material  is 
ecided  upon.  Armored  cables  are  not 
o  be   advocated   in   places   where    there 

ould    be    a    possibility    of     a    serious 


usually  present  in  mines  has  a  deterior- 
ating effect  on  the  insulation  of  cables. 
Acid  water  is  harmful,  and  the  presence 
of  sulphur  will  ruin  rubber  insulation. 
When  possible,  cables  should  be  taken 
into  the  mines  by  the  downcast  shaft.  By 
doing  this,  the  risk  of  damage  to  the  in- 
sulation through  its  being  exposed  to  a 
continuous  stream  of  foul  air  in  the  up- 
cast shaft,  is  avoided.  Paper-insulated 
cable  soaked  in  oil  is  now  used  to  a  large 
extent,  but  for  vertical  or  incline  shaft 
work,  this  is  not  to  be  recommended.  The 
oil  contained  in  the  paper  insulation  of  a 
cable  has  been  known  to  burst  the  lead 
sheathing  when  hanging  in  a  vertical 
shaft,  due  to  the  static  pressure  of  the 
column  of  oil  inside  the  sheathing. 


The    Treatment    of    Overblown 
Charges  in  Copper  Converters 

By  a.  R.  McKenzie* 


Diamond    Drill    Reports 

The  accompanying  illustration  shows 
the  types  of  diamond-drill  report  used  in 
a    number   of   the    large     Butte    copper 


Many  disastrous  results,  some  of  which 
have  proved  fatal,  have  occurred  on  ac- 
count of  the  incorrect  treatment  of  over- 
blown charges  in  the  copper  converter. 
One  of  the  first  methods  that  was  gen- 
erally used  to  treat  an  overblown  charge, 
which  by  the  way  was  once  a  common  oc- 
currence, was  to  bank  the  slag  and  oxide 
of  copper  floating  on  the  surface  of  the 
charge,  with  dirt  from  the  floor.  As  this 
was  found  to  chill  the  charge  of  copper 
materially,  it  was  discontinued,  and  the 
throwing  in  of  large  pieces  of  cold  matte 
was  substituted.  The  matte  would  slowly 
melt  and  react  with  the  oxides  of  copper, 
lowering  the  pitch  of  the  copper  so  that 
it  could  be  poured  into  molds.  Although 
this  method  gave  fairly  good  results,  the 
copper  would  be  cooled  to  a  considerable 


I).iILl'  UEPUKT  VUMOM)  DRILL 

ViMjwcf  No 

._ua  . 

flpth  from  breast  beginn 
jpth  from  breast  end  of 
stance  Drilled 

ng  of 
shift. 

shift-. 

— -       Feet 

_„._Fe«t. 

_Feet 

5eet 

Location.. 


DAILY  REPORT  DIAMOND  DRILL 


Levels 


■  Mine 


-inch  Casing  put  in . Feet 

.inch  Stand  Pipe  put  in Feet 


FROM 

TO 

FEET 

M.HTERI.'VL 

Tiarks 

Prospect  \ 

'o. 

-   .     .22i  . 

Depth  from  breast  beginning  of  shift Feet 

Carbons 
on  Hand 

Carbons 
in  Bits 

Carbons 
Received 

Fragments 
on  Hand 

Loss  in 
Drilling 

Depth  from  breast  end  of  shift   .      . _  Feet 

Distance  Drilled      Feet 

Numbe 

Carat 

>Jumbe 

Carat 

Numbef 

Carat 

Carat 

Carat 

inch  Casing  pat  in  .      -     Peet 

—      -  inch  Stand  Pipe  out  in — Feet 

1 

i 

FROM 

TO 

FEET 

MATERIAL 

ASSAYS 

Cu. 

Ag. 

Au. 

Fe. 

" — r     

1 

1 

— r 

.Foreman 
Mine 


Remarks;- 


lort  cause  o*  delays,  accidents,  etc.  Report  cause  of  delay,  accidents,  loss  or  breaking  of  carbons,  etc. 

Blanks  Used  for  Diamond-drill  Reports  at  Butte  Copper  Mines 


Head  Driller 

The  Hn'jineorii^  ,)  Mining  Jmitmai 


Jceze,  caused  by  a  fall  of  rock,  or  a 
I  w  during  blasting  operations.  Such  a 
!  leeze  may  cause  the  armor  to  puncture 
I  conductor,  producing  a  serious  short 
1  :ult.  The  armoring  and  lead  sheath- 
i  being  earthed  would  become  live  con- 
i  ;tors,  and  all  work  stopped  until  re- 
I  rs  were  effected.  IJnarmored  cables, 
t  irt  from  the  portion  installed  in  shafts 
V  h  heavy  braiding  of  rawhide,  have  been 
I  nd  durable  in  mines  in  some  parts  of 
•  world.  Cheapness  means  inferior  in- 
sation  which  will  soon  become  defec- 
t-. 

fapid  deterioration  may  be  caused  by 
B  es  or  other  destructive  agencies,  and 
sious  defects  in  the  insulation  of  a 
c  le  will  in  time  render  it  more  danger- 
0|  than  a  bare  wire,  more  especially  if 
••i  sheathing  is  not  effectively  earthed. 
T    large  amount   of  moisture   which   is 


K'ines.  The  smaller  form  is  used  by  the 
foreman  on  each  machine  who  fills  out 
such  a  report  every  day  and  turns  it  in 
to  the  head  driller.  From  the  reports  of 
the  foremen  the  head  driller  makes  out 
his  report,  the  form  used  being  that  of  the 
larger  one  shown.  The  chief  driller's  re- 
ports are  filed  each  day  in  the  chief  en- 
gineer's  office. 


The  chr>'Soprase  mines  of  the  Hima- 
laya Mining  Company,  in  the  White  R'ver 
section  of  Tulare  county,  California,  have 
yielded  a  large  quantity  of  these  gems 
in  the  last  year.  There  are  about  four 
tons  on  hand  of  the  rejected  stones  unfit 
for  use  in  the  better  grades  of  jewelry, 
and  these  are  shortly  to  be  shipped  to 
Hamburg.  Gennany.  where  they  will  be 
used  in  buttons,  cheap  jewelry  and  in 
mosaic  work. 


extent  and  accumulate  on  the  mouth  of 
the  converter  while  the  charge  was  being 
poured. 

The  next  attempt  to  improve  the  treat- 
ment of  overblown  charges,  was  to  tap  a 
small  pot  of  matte  from  one  of  the  re- 
smelting  furnaces  and  add  as  much 
as  was  needed  by  means  of  hand  ladles. 
The  liquid  matte  would  react  almost  im- 
mediately with  the  oxides,  and  after  a  few 
minutes  the  copper  would  be  ready  to 
pour.  After  the  advent  of  the  overhead 
electric  crane,  the  problem  was  to  a  de- 
gree much  simplified,  but  at  the  same 
time  made  more  dangerous,  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  inexperienced,  as  the 
following  reaction  and  explanation  will 
show.  To  calculate  the  liberation  of  sul- 
phur dioxide  (SO;),  when  liquid  matte  is 
added  to  an  overblown  charge  of  copper. 


•Gront  Falls,  Mont. 


1148 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


let  us  for  convenience  assume  that  cop- 
per matte  has  the  following  composition 
—  Cu.S-FeS,  then: 

s  CuO  +  CUjS  ■  FeS  =  7  Ou  +  FeO  +  2  SO, 

400     +     160  +  88     =    «S    +     72     +  128 

Thus  we  find  that  248  oz.  of  matte 
(Cu=S-FeS)  reacting  with  400  oz.  of  CuO 
gives  off  2  volumes  of  SO.  gas  or  44.44 
cu.ft.  at  0  deg.  C.  and  760-mm.  pressure. 
Correcting  for  temperature  and  pres- 
sure on  the  basis  of  atmospheric  pres- 
sure at  Great  Falls,  677  mm.  Hg.,  and  as- 
suming temperature  in  the  converter  as 
1100  deg.  C,  we  have, 


44-44  X  1^^  X 


iioc  +  ^73_ 


cu.ft. 


^73 


Thus  the  addition  of  248  oz.  of  hot  matte 
(15.5  lb.)  to  an  overblown  charge  of  cop- 
per will  set  free  251  cu.ft.  of  SO.  gas  at 
1100  deg.  C.  and  677-mm.  pressure  or 
16.2  cu.ft.  per  lb.  of  matte  added.  As  or- 
dinarily 1000  lb.  of  matte  is  used,  this  is 
sufficient  to  liberate  16,200  cu.ft.  of  gas. 

Method  of  Adding  Matte  Safely 

This  is  the  reason  why  extreme  cau- 
tion is  needed  when  adding  liquid  matte 
to  an  overblown  charge  of  copper,  for, 
should  the  above  reaction  take  place  al- 
most instantly,  the  liberation  of  16,200 
cu.ft.  of  sulphur  dioxide  would  rend  the 
converter,  and  throw  the  contents  of  it 
in  all  directions.  Consequently  a  safe 
modus  operandi  in  the  treatment  of  over- 
blown charges  should  be  as  follows: 

Should  a  skimmer  be  unfamiliar  with 
the  conditions,  he  should  notify  his  fore- 
man immediately,  who  should  then  inform 
the  craneman  that  the  charge  has  been 
overblown.  (As  a  matter  of  safety  it 
would  be  well  to  have  a  written  notice 
posted  in  the  crane  describing  the  proper 
course  to  pursue.)  Pour  the  liquid  matte 
into  the  converter  in  very  small  doses,  10 
to  15  lb.  at  a  time,  backing  up  the  crane 
each  time,  until  the  SO.  gas  stops  issu- 
ing copiously  from  the  mouth  of  the  con- 
verter. These  doses  should  continue  until 
no  more  SO.  gas  h  evolved,  after  which 
a  sufficient  amount  of  matte  should  be 
added  to  compensate  for  the  loss  of  heat 
due  to  the  endothermic  reaction  between 
the  oxides  and  sulphides.  This  generally 
amounts  to  as  much  additional  matte  as 
was  used   to   reduce   the   copper  oxides. 

The  converter  should  then  be  turned  up 
and  the  charge  refinished,  and  if  will 
be  found  that  the  copper  is  in  the  proper 
condition  to  pour. 

The  thermal  reactions  which  take  place 
are  as  follows: 

First  reaction: 

s  ouo  +  cu,s  +   !■  os  ~  ICM  +  reo  +  -2  sOj 

bym     +    If.      +      88      =    448    +    72    +     128 

;t7.7  X  .'■•  -I-    20..     +      24      =      .      -I-  R!i.^  +  138.B 

—  2;!2.8  +  204.    =  —  28.(i  Cal. 

Thus  it  is  seen  that  there  is  a  loss  of  heat 
during  the  reaction;  this  together  with  the 
loss  of  heat  due  to  radiation  chills  the 
,  charge  in  the  converter.  This  lo^s  of  heat 
is  compensated  by  the  addition  of  tlie  ex- 


tra matte  in  excess  of  what  is  necessary 
to  reduce  the  overblown  copper. 
Second   reaction: 

2(Cu,SFeS)+!)O.  +  SiO,  =  4  0u+    4  so,    +  ^gio^' 

320     +  176  +  IfiO  +    60    =  256  +      2,->6      +     204 
2(20.3  +   24)  +(..)+   180   =  (..)  +4X69.2+    333.6 

—  268.0  +  610.4  =  +  341.8 
Or  per  molecular  weight  of  Cu,S .  FeS  =  17a9  Cal. 

In  copper  plants  where  the  copper  is 
taken  from  the  converters  and  put  into 
refining  furnaces  it  is  not  necessary  to  be 
so  particular  about  treating  overblown 
charges  as  they  will  do  no  harm,  as  the 
charge  must  be  rabbled  anyway;  but 
where  the  copper  is  taken  from  the  con- 
verters in  ladles  and  poured  at  a  casting 
machine,  as  is  the  common  practice  in 
most  plants,  it  is  essential  to  have  the 
copper  hot  and  free  from  slag  in  order 
to  prevent  the  excessive  chilling  of  the 
copper  in  the  ladles,  and  the  subsequent 
breaking  up  of  the  skull  and  the  resmelt- 
ing  of  the  same. 

It  is  not  at  all  improbable  that  some 
might  work  for  years  in  plants  without 
having  seen  a  practical  demonstration  of 
treating  overblown  charges,  and  it  is  for 
such  that  I  have  written  and  given  my 
demonstration  of  these  phenomena. 


Types  of  Skip  Dumps  in  New 
York  Iron  Mines 


A  Concrete  Pipe  Conduit 


At  the  Scranton  mine,  Hibbing,  Minn., 
all  the  steam  and  air  pipes  are  contained 
within  a  concrete  conduit  extending  from 


Concrete  Conduit  for  Steam  Pipes  at 
Hibbing,  Minn. 

the  power  house  to  the  shaft,  a  distance 
of  260  ft.  The  electric  cables  will  also 
be  carried  in  the  same  conduit.  The  con- 
duit is  made  of  concrete  and  is  4  ft. 
6  in.  wide  at  the  bottom  and  about  6 
ft.  high.  The  walls  are  6  in.  thick  and 
arched  at  the  top,  as  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying diagram.  The  advantages  of 
a  conduit  of  this  character  are  that  the 
pipes  are  accessible  at  all  times;  they 
are  out  of  the  way  and  protected  from 
the  weather,  which  is  not  the  case  with 
pipes  carried  on  surface  trestles;  the 
temperature  of  the  conduit  is  such  that 
condensation  in  steam  pipes  will  be  far 
less  than  when  the  pipes  are  exposed 
to  the  weather,  even  though  they  are 
thoroughly  boxed.  Rings  arc  anchored  in 
the  walls  for  supporting  the  pipes. 


By  Guy  C.  Stoltz* 


The  accompanying  drawings  illustrate 
several  methods  employed  for  dumping 
skips  in  the  head- frame  storage  bins  at 
the  magnetite  mines  of  northern  New 
York.  The  car  dump,  shown  in  Fig.  1, 
has  been  used  at  the  Forest  of  Dean 
mine  in  Orange  county.  Here  the  reg- 
ular 2-ton  mine  cars,  equipped  with  an 
end-locking  door,  are  hoisted  about  1800 
ft.  up  a  23-deg.  slope,  to  a  point  near  the 
surface  where  the  inclination  is  increased 
to  45  deg.  At  the  storage  bin  the  lever 
which  actuates  the  locking  device  on  the 
door  is  mechanically  raised  on  encounter- 
ing a  flat  iron  truss  A  bolted  to  the  rail 
stringer,  the  ore  being  discharged  from 
the  rear  of  the  car.  The  car  is  then  low- 
ered to  the  hoisting  level,  the  door  locked, 
the  cable  disengaged  and  the  car  is 
trammed  to  the  stope  to  be  filled.  The 
cable  provided  with  a  locking  hook  is 
then  attached  to  a  loaded  car  which  is 
in  waiting  at  the  foot  of  the  incline. 

Skips  in  Inclined  Shafts 

The  usual  method  of  dumping  adopted 
on  incline  hoists  at  Lyon  mountain,  Ar- 
nold hill  and  Mineville    is  shown  in  Fig 

2.  At  Mine  21,  Mineville,  the  2-ton  skip 
cars  are  hoisted  in  balance  on  a  57-deg 
slope,  800  ft.  from  the  lowest  level,  anc 
are  dumped  above  the  grizzlies  by  al- 
lowing the  front  wheels  of  4-in.  treac 
to  leave  the  main  stringers  and  take  at 
almost  horizontal  course  on  a  set  o 
auxiliary  stringers,  while  the  rear  wheeli 
of  7-in.  tread  run  over  the  dumpinj 
point  on  the  inclination  of  the  mail 
stringers.  No  guides  are  used  on  th< 
hoist  and  the  front  wheels  of  the  ski] 
are  prevented  from  lifting  off  the  rail: 
in  hoisting  by  having  the  bail  pres: 
against  lugs  riveted  on  each  side  of  thi 
skip. 

The  wheels  are  stationary  on  the  axle 
the  latter  turning  in  brass-lined  journals 
This  method  of  stationary  wheels  is  t( 
be  recommended  since  the  wheels  can 
not  become  loose  or  wabbly  by  wearini 
of  wheel  hubs  or  axles  and  consequently 
reduces  to  a  minimum  the  chances  o  ■ 
skips  jumping  the  tracks.  In  case  of  ai 
overwind  through  the  dump  the  skip  i' 
hoisted  in  its  dumping  position  of  45  deg 
since  lugs  on  the  skip  at  the  back  bea 
against  the  bail  as  the  skip  assumes  thi 
angle    of   discharge. 

The  skip  used  at  the  Cheever  mine 
near  Port  Henry,  N.  Y.,  is  shown  in  Fif 

3.  The  4-ton  skip  cars  are  dumped  b; 
having  the  front  wheels  of  4-in.  treai 
keep  to  the  30-deg.  inclination  of  th- 
main   stringers,   while    the    rear   wheel 

•jniiiiiff  onKinoPr,  Mincvillo,  N.  Y. 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1149 


u^  Rod 


Fig.  1.  Dump  Car  used  at 
Forest  of  Dean  Mine,  N.  Y. 


Lug  a 


Fig.  2.  Skip  used  at  Lyon  Mountain 
and  Minevillc,  N.  Y 


Fig.  3.  Skip  used  at  the  Cheever  Mine, 
Port  Henry,  N.  Y. 


Fig.  4.  Dumping  Device  used  by 

Withcrbcc,  Sherman  k  Co,, 

Minevillc,  N.  Y. 


t-i-iiw 


Fig.  5.  Skip  Dumping 
Arrangement  used  by 
Port  Henry    Iron  Ore 
Company, 


(which  are  cast  with  the  usual  4-in.  tread 
and  diameter  of  the  front  wheel  together 
with  smaller  wheels  of  like  tread  and 
smaller  diameter)  by  means  of  the  ex- 
tended tread  pass  over  a  timber  truss 
which  causes  the  skip  to  assume  the 
angle  of  discharge.  In  case  of  an  over- 
wind the  upper  members  of  the  dump- 
ing truss  provide  for  this  and  are  in- 
clined toward  the  inclination  of  the  main 
stringers,  so  the  skip  on  descending  would 
readily  stay  to  the  stringers  and  lower 
over  the  truss  and  down  the  shaft.  In 
the  recently  constructed  head  frames  the 
same  style  of  skip  has  been  made  to 
dump  in  the  same  manner  as  shown  in 
Fig.  2. 

Skips  in  Vertical  Shafts 

The  skip-dumping  arrangement,  in  Fig. 
4,  used  by  Witherbee,  Sherman  &  Co., 
at  the  Harmony  A  and  B,  Smith,  Joker 
and  Bonanza  mines,  in  the  Mineville 
district,  is  well  designed  and  differs  much 
from  the  usual  types  of  dump.  The 
fore  and  rear  wheels  have  the  same  di- 
mensions and  are  so  guided  at  the  dump 
that  the  tilting  of  the  skip  is  positive,  and 
in  case  of  an  overwind  the  back  track 
guides  will  enable  the  skip  to  right  itself 
quickly.  At  the  Joker  steel  headframe 
4-ton  skips  are  dumped,  while  the  same 
method  is  applied  at  all  of  the  hoistways, 
vertical  and  inclined. 

The  dump  used  by  the  Port  Henry  Iron 
Ore  Company  in  the  steel  headframe  at 
the  Clonan  shaft  is  shown  in  Fig.  5. 
The  4-ton  Kimberley  skips  are  turned  on 
the  axle  A  by  means  of  the  rollers  S 
taking  a  course  away  from  the  vertical 
guides  as  described  by  the  angle-iron 
guides  until  the  horns  C  intercept  the 
rollers  D,  whereupon  the  skip  rollers  B 
are  elevated  to  the  upper  angle-iron 
guides.  The  skip  overwinds  at  approxi- 
mately the  angle  of  discharge. 

Throughout  the  district,  the  hoisting 
cables  are  plow  steel,  1  in.  to  1  Is  in.  in 
diameter,  and  are  generally  attached  by 
passing  through  a  clevis  on  the  bail  of 
the  skip,  being  lapped  3  ft.  and  held  by 
3  to  6  grips.  Iron  head  sheaves  are  5 
to  8  ft.  in  diameter.  Eight  to  14  ft.  are 
allowed  for  overwinding.  The  usual 
gage  of  skipways  is  4  feet. 


Tlut  Kn^iinteri^a  S  Mining  Joui 


After  a  large  amount  of  experimental 
work  in  the  blasting  of  rock.  D.  J. 
Hauer  arrives  at  the  following  con- 
clusions: {Contractor.  Nov.  1.  1910) 
Two  different  explosives,  for  instance, 
black  powder  and  dynamite,  should  not 
b.^  used  in  the  same  hole.  One  will  ex- 
plode more  rapidly  than  the  other,  and 
the  second  will  be  a  total  loss.  As  com- 
pared with  black  powder,  it  is  a  saving  in 
money  to  use  Judson  and  nitro-granular 
powders.  Rock  cuts  should  be  breasted, 
especially  if  they  be  deep,  otherwise 
much   Of  the   force   of  the  explosive   is 


1150 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December   10,   1910. 


The  Copper  Situation 


The  following  views  expressed  by  Hay- 
den,  Stone  &  Co.,  in  a  recent  circular 
are  of  interest: 

Periodically,  and  somewhat  spasmodi- 
cally, there  appears  in  the  press  a  great 
deal  of  talk  about  copper  consolidations. 
This  was  most  pronounced  about  a  year 
ago  this  month,  when  some  articles  went 
so  far  as  even  to  give  the  tenns  on  which 
various  shares  of  leading  copper  com- 
panies were  to  be  exchanged  for  securi- 
ties in  the  new  consolidated  company. 

Recently  this  consolidation  talk  has 
been  again  active. 

We  wish  to  advise  our  clients  that  we 
do  not  believe  that  any  consolidation  of 
the  four  leading  copper-producing  inter- 
ests is  planned,  contemplated  or  con- 
sidered, nor  do  we  believe  that  anything 
material  would  be  gained  by  the  con- 
solidation of  properties,  widely  scattered 
as  to  locality,  in  which  there  would  be 
no  great  operating  economies  from  a 
single  management. 

There  must  be,  and  will  be,  from  time 
tc  time,  a  number  of  small  consolidations 
of  contiguous  properties,  or  the  absorp- 
tion by  parent  companies,  of  the  physical 
property  of  companies  of  which  they  own 
stock  control.  We  do  not  think  that  such 
transactions  will  have  any  sudden  effect 
on  the  properties  affected,  any  more  than 
did  the  absorption  by  Anaconda  of  the 
other  properties  in  Butte,  in  which  the 
Amalgamated  people  were  interested. 

But  what  is  more  important  to  the  in- 
vestor in  copper  stocks  is  a  knowledge 
of  whether  he  has  made  a  good  invest- 
ment in  a  particular  stock,  and  whether 
the  situation  of  the  copper  metal  market 
is  such  that  an  investment  in  copper 
stocks  in  general  appears  to  be  desirable. 

In  that  connection  we  might  say  that, 
in  our  opinion,  the  copper  metal  situa- 
tion, as  viewed  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
producer,  is  better  today  than  it  ever  has 
been,  and  we  see  no  reason  why  ii 
should  not  continue  to  improve.  From  the 
standpoint  of  consumption  we  think  that, 
taking  the  general  business  situation  into 
consideration,  the  consumption  has  been 
quite  satisfactory  the   past   year. 

Now,  having  treated  upon  the  question 
of  the  production  and  the  consumption, 
there  is  but  one  other  vital  factor  that  is 
left  for  discussion,  and  that  is — the  sell- 
ing. 

Taking  into  consideration  the  ratio  of 
consumption  to  production,  the  cost  of 
production  of  the  bulk  of  the  world's 
product,  and  the  question  arising,  "Are 
we  getting  for  the  product  what  it  is 
entitled  to  receive,"  it  is  our  opinion  that 
we  are  not,  and  while  we  do  not  look  for, 
or  desire,  high  copper  metal  prices,  and 
while  we  believe  that  stabilitv  in  price  is 
as  much  desired  by  the  manufacturer  as 
any  abnormally  low  price,  we  do  believe 


that  a  batter  price,  under  present  condi- 
tions, could  be  obtained  were  there  a 
m.ore  scientific  selling  of  the  product  in 
this  country. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  that  this 
country  produces,  approximately,  three- 
quarters  of  the  world's  supply  of  copper, 
and  that  50  per  cent,  of  that  product"  is 
exported;  that  the  foreign  purchases  are 
bought  in  a  most  scientific  way,  and  it  is 
up  to  us  in  this  country,  who  have  the 
product  to  sell,  to  see  that  we  meet  that 
buying  in  an  equally  scientific  manner. 

In  whatever  industry  Americans  have 
undertaken,  they  have  gradually  adopted 
all  improvements,  and  risen  to  the  front, 
and  we  are  equally  sanguine  that  none  of 
these  many  valuable  copper  properties 
will  suffer  from  any  such  deficiency  as 
above  mentioned,  but  with  the  enormous 
growth  of  the  copper  industry  there  has 
been  the  past  few  years,  it  cannot  be  ex- 
pected that  these  things  can  be  accom- 
plished in  a  minute,  but  all  will  come 
right  in  due  time. 


Utah  Consohdated 


Urban  H.  Broughton,  president  of  the 
Utah  Consolidated  Mining  Company,  is- 
sued a  statement.  Dec.  1,  regarding  con- 
ditions of  the  property,  as  follows: 

"In  February  last  your  directors 
thought  it  advisable  to  obtain  an  inde- 
pendent opinion  upon  the  ore  reserves  of 
your  property,  and  for  that  purpose  J.  W. 
Finch  was  engaged. 

"He  placed  the  ore  developed  and  in 
reserve  at  1,121,360  tons,  against  1,237,- 
470  tons  estimated  by  Mr.  Risque,  who 
had  been  the  company's  manager  for  the 
previous  four  years.  Since  then  up  to 
Dec.  1,  1910,  130,000  tons  have  been  ex- 
tracted. 

"Mr.  Risque  having  resigned  on  Sept. 
1  last,  R.  H.  Channing  Jr.,  under  whose 
management  in  Utah  your  company  at- 
tained its  greatest  prosperity,  was  ap- 
pointed consulting  engineer,  and  there- 
upon assumed  charge  of  the  mine. 

"Mr.  Channing  reported  on  Sept.  24 
last  that  from  his  examination  there  was 
not  available  for  profitable  extraction 
anything  approximating  the  tonnage  given 
in  the  last  annual  report. 

"C.  C.  Burger,  consulting  engineer, 
was  employed  to  make  an  examination  of 
the  property,  and  he,  under  date  of  Nov. 
28,  1910,  confirms  Mr.  Channing's  re- 
port. 

"Mr.  Risque  and  Mr.  Finch  were  noti- 
fied regarding  Mr.  Channing's  estimate, 
and  a  conference  took  place  at  Salt  Lake 
City  early  in  November,  at  which  Messrs. 
Channing,  Risque,  Finch,  Burger  and  the 
president  of  your  company  were  present. 

"Our  understanding  of  Mr.  Risque's 
explanation  of  his  estimate  is  that  he  ac- 
cepted when  he  assumed  charge  of  the 
mine  the  estimated  tonnage  in  each  block 
of  ground  calculated  on  adjoining  levels. 


adding  thereto  ore  developed  subsequent- 
ly and  deducting  extraction.  He  did  not 
recast  these  estimates  from  time  to  time, 
nor  except  in  one  orebody  make  proper 
deductions  for  mining  losses,  losses  by 
caving  or  for  ground  in  interior  blocks 
found  in  exploitation  to  be  waste  or  un- 
profitable. Mr.  Finch's  explanation  is 
equally  unsatisfactory,  and  both  of  their 
estimates  are  entirely  irreconcilable  with 
those  of  /Wessrs.  Channing  and  Burger. 

"From  the  reports  and  from  additional 
investigation,  we  believe  the  following  is 
accurate: 

"Ore  in  sight,  averaging  2.32  per  cent, 
copper,  0.05  oz.  gold,  0.85  oz.  silver,  300,- 
OOC  tons.  From  the  large  tonnage  of  ore 
shown  by  mine  maps  and  records  to  ex- 
ist, but  which  is  inaccessible  for  inspec- 
tion on  account  of  caves  and  fills  of 
waste,  there  may  be  recovered  from  100,- 
000  to  250,000  tons.  Other  ore  in  the 
mine  is  of  too  low  grade  for  profitable  ex- 
traction at  the  present  price  of  copper. 

"The  output  of  profitable  ore  is  limited 
ai  present  to  about  350  tons  per  day. 
That  this  is  the  proper  limit  is  proved  by 
the  fact  that  to  maintain  a  larger  output 
from  Jan.  I  to  Sept.  1,  1910,  a  consider- 
able percentage  of  unprofitable  ore  was 
shipped  to  the  smelter. 

"Development  work  is  being  pushed  at 
all  points,  as  directors  believe  this  fea- 
ture of  more  importance  at  present  than 
the  extraction  of  ore.  and  also  because 
the  output  can  be  increased  from  time  to 
time,  as  more  working  faces  are  exposed. 

"To  regain  the  position  your  company 
held  during  the  years  1903  to  1907,  it  will 
bfc  necessary  to  develop  ore  of  a  higher 
grade  than  that  mined  during  the  last 
two  years.  Both  Mr.  Channing  and  Mr. 
Burger  believe  that  higher-grade  ore  will 
be  found  in  the  unexplored  territory. 

".At  the  present  date  developments  upon 
the  lowest  level  of  your  mine  are  prom- 
ising, there  being  320  ft.  of  drifts  and 
raises  in  ore  averaging  2.3  per  cent,  cop- 
per. In  the  opinion  of  your  directors  a 
strict  classification  of  ore  in  sight  has  but 
little  bearing  upon  the  probable  future 
tonnage, 

"The  aerial  tramway,  connecting  the 
mine  with  the  smelting  plant  of  the  In- 
ternational Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany at  Tooele,  has  not  yet  been  taken 
over  from  the  builders,  but  it  is  now 
working  satisfactorily." 


North  Dakota  Lignite 


The  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines  has  issued 
a  bulletin  on  "North  Dakota  Lignite  as 
a  Fuel  for  Power  Plant  Boilers,"  describ- 
ing a  series  of  tests  made  at  the  pumping 
plant  of  the  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service,  at 
Williston,  N.  D.  Specially  designed  fur- 
naces of  the  semi-gas-producer  type  are 
used.  The  peculiar  features  of  their  con- 
struction are  the  deep-set  grate  and  shape 
of  the  space  between  the  bridge  wall  and 


December   10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1151 


the  end  of  the  {irebrick  arch.  The  fuel  is 
gasified  on  the  grate  and  the  gases  pass 
through  the  space  under  the  arch  into  the 
combustion  chamber,  where  they  are 
burned. 

The  results  of  the  tests  on  the  lignite 
show  that  this  fuel,  though  generally 
considered  unsatisfactory,  may  be  used 
with  fair  economy  under  boilers  when 
tired  to  generate  their  full  rated  capacity. 
The  tests  are  deemed  important  because 
the  lignite  deposits  of  the  Northwest  are 
so  extensive,  and  the  distance  of  the  re- 
gion from  other  coal  fields  is  so  great 
that  a  large  portion  of  the  United  States, 
including  parts  of  North  Dakota.  South 
Dakota  and  Montana,  may  be  greatly 
benefited  by  any  improvement  in  the 
methods  of  utilizing  this  local  fuel  sup- 
ply. The  lignite  in  this  field  has  a  low 
calorific  power,  some  of  it  containing 
nearly  40  per  cent,  of  moisture.  It  is 
difficult  to  burn  in  the  furnaces  common- 
ly used  for  the  better  grades  of  coal,  but 
:he  tests  have  shown  the  possibility  of 
lesigning  suitable  furnaces  for  its  profit- 
ible  combustion.  The  bulletin,  which 
nay  be  obtained  by  addressing  the  di- 
•ector  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  will  be 
)f  interest  to  fuei  engineers,  especially 
n  those   located   in   the   lignite   territory. 


Chronology  of  Mining  for  Nov- 
ember,   1910 


Secretary    Ballinger's    Report  on 
Coal  and   Oil   Lands 


November  Dividends 

The  accompanying  table  shows  the 
mount  per  share  and  total  amount  of 
ividends    paid    during    November,    1910. 


.\nit . 

Total 

I'.  S.  Minins 

.■Situa- 

per 
.share. 

.\niount 

Companifs. 

tion. 

I'aid. 

laska  Mexuan.  g 

.\la.s. 

0  30 

S      .14.000 

laska  Tn-adwell,  g. 

.-\las. 

0  30 

200,000 

laska  rnited.  g   ,    . 

.Mas. 

1   GO 

.54,060 

inalgarnatPrt.  c 

Mont . 

0.50 

769,439 

rizona  Copper,  pf.. 
rij.  Copper,  pf.     .\" 
oston  A-  Mont.,  c 

.-\riz. 

0  047 

.53,.S39 

.\riz. 

.").76S 

Mont. 

i  on 

600,000 

iinkerHill&Siill..s.l.. 

Ida 

0  2.'i 

SI  ,7.50 

imp  Bird,  g 

Colo. 

0 .  'J  t 

267,830 

erla.  s.  I . 

Ida. 

0  111' 

20,000 

onie.>itake.  g 

S.  I). 

0   M 

109,200 

itemational  Nickel, 

pf 

N    V 

1    M) 

133.689 

ieiflr  Copper 

Midi. 

1    00 

40.000 

irrot  S.  &  C 

^lont. 

0    l.i 

34,477 

ration's     Indepen- 

Colo. 

0   .iO 

.500.000 

.-\int. 

Total 

r.  S.  Industrial-'^. 

.sit  na- 

.share. 

.'\niount 

tion. 

Paid. 

LUibria  .'^teel 

Pi-nn. 

0  62i 

.562. ,500 

higli  Coal  &  Nav.. 

Peiin. 

1   00 

482,936 

it.  Carl)on,  pf 

V.  .s. 

1 .  -.-) 

78,7.50 

-^    ,'<leel  pf 

C.  S. 

1 .  -r, 

6,.304.919 

Carolina  Cheni., 

■►in 

V.  .S. 

1 . 2,-. 

349.905 

.rwick  I.  &  S.  . 

r.  .s. 

0 .  .50 

59,468 

Ann. 

Total 

Foreign  Mining 

situa- 

per 

.Share. 

.\niount 

Coinpanie.s. 

tion. 

Paid. 

•iiiloya,  e 

Mex. 

0  (12 

20.000 

Tiaro.  s.  g 

Mex. 

0  ().•) 

60.000 

lalo  Mines  I,td..  s. 

Onl. 

0 . 0.i 

30.000 

Ont. 
Mex. 

0   l.-i 
(I  0.-) 

120.000 

k.v -Tiger  Com.,  g. 

35.7.50 

Nov.  3 — Flood  at  Nome  from  heavy 
surf  does  great  damage  to  property 
along  the  beach. 

Nov.  6 — Explosion  at  Lawson  mine,  of 
the  Pacific  Coal  Company,  at  Black 
Diamond,  Wash.,  kills  15  and  does 
S250,000  damage. 

Nov.  7 — Fire  destroys  plant  of  Penn- 
sylvania Coal  Company,  at  Jamestown. 
Ark.;   damage.  SIOO.OOO. 

Nov.  8 — Explosion  in  Mine  3  of  the 
Victor-American  Fuel  Company,  De- 
lagua.  Colo.,  kills  45. 

Nov.  12 — Renewal  of  the  European 
spelter  convention,  which  with  some 
modifications  is  extended  from  .Jan.  I, 
1911.   to    April    1.    1914. 

Nov.  18 — Newhouse  tunnel,  at  Idaho 
Springs.  Colo.,  completed;  length.  21,968 
ft. — Roosevelt  tunnel.  Cripple  Creek, 
Colo.,  taps  water  from   El   Paso  shaft. 

Nov.  20 — Serious  political  disturbances 
break  out  in  Mexico  preceded  by  anti- 
American  demonstrations  in  Mexico  City 
and   Guadalajara. 

Nov.  22 — Louisiana  Supreme  Court 
decides  that  oil  wells  are  not  mines  and 
hence  not  exeiript  from  the  State  tax. 

Nov.  26 — Ten  miners  killed  by  explo- 
sion in  Providence,  Ky.,  coal  mine. 

Nov.  28 — Compromise  announced  in 
the  North  Butte-Tuolumne  apex  and 
title  suits,  at  Butte.  Mont. — Explosion 
in  the  Jumbo  asphalt  mine,  at  Durant, 
Okla.,   kills    13. 

Nov.  30 — Montgomery-Shoshone  mine, 
at  Rhyolite.  Nev.,  closed  permanently 
after  exhaustive  exploration  by  drilling. — 
Close  of  navigation  from  Lake  Superior 
iron  and  copper  mines — President  Brough- 
ton,  of  Utah  Consolidated,  announced 
that  redetermination  of  ore  reserves  of 
Highland  Boy  mine  showed  them  to  be 
less  that  half  of  what  was  supposed. 


Classification    of     Railroad     Lands 
Asked  for  in  California 


a  number  of  the  leading  mining  and 
lallurgical  companies  in  the  United 
ites.  Canada  and  Mexico. 


Tho  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Mines 
has  entered  official  protest  against  the  is- 
suance of  patents  for  the  odd-numbered 
sections  of  land  along  the  Santa  Fe 
line  from  Mohave,  Kern  county,  Cali- 
fornia, to  Needles,  San  Bernardino  coun- 
ty, which  lands  arc  being  classified. 
There  are  several  hundred  mininp,  claiina 
scattered  through  the  territory  in  ques- 
tion. The  oil  men  want  the  mineral  or 
nonmineral  land  officially  determined,  so 
that  no  mining  ground  shall  pass  to 
the  railroad  as  agricultural,  as  has  been 
the  case  in  most  parts  of  California.  The 
Southern  Pacific  is  asking  for  these  pat- 
ents on  the  ground  that  it  was  built  by 
the  Sante  Fe  line  between  the  points 
named. 


The  annual  report  of  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  Richard  A.  Ballinger.  has  just 
been  made  public.  From  it  we  take  the 
following  excerpt  in  regard  to  the  Alaska 
coal-land  cases,  and  the  leasing  of  coal 
and  oil  lands. 

Alaska  Coal  Cases 

"All  the  coal  lands  in  Alaska  not  loca- 
ted prior  to  Nov.  12,  1906,  are  under  the 
bond  of  withdrawals.  Those  located 
prior  to  said  date  are  for  the  most  part 
under  departmental  investigation  on 
charges  of  fraud  or  irregularities,  etc. 
These  investigations  have  been  taken  up 
under  a  corps  of  trained  officers  with  the 
view  of  securing  the  exact  status  of  all 
such  locations  and  entries.  In  the  mean- 
time no  patents  have  issued  and  none 
will  be  issued  except  upon  a  full  showing 
of  compliance  with  law  and  departmental 
regulations.  A  class  of  entries,  known  as 
the  Cunningham  entries,  made  in  1907, 
has  provoked  wide  discussion  and  pop- 
ular interest,  largely  because  of  the 
alleged  value  and  method  of  attempted 
acquisition. 

"In  view  of  such  conditions  I  deem  it 
of  the  highest  importance  that  all  these 
cases,  involving  33  entries,  or  5280  acres, 
of  coal  lands,  be  transferred  from  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  General  Land  Office 
directly  to  the  court  of  appeals  of  the 
District  of'  Columbia  for  consideration 
and  adjudication,  without  the  necessity  of 
a  ruling  as  to  the  validity  or  invalidity  of 
these  entries  by  the  commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office  as  is  now  required  in 
such  cases.  This  procedure  may  well  be 
provided  by  special  direction  in  the  bill 
now  pending  in  Congress  for  the  authori- 
zation of  appeals  in  land  cases  from  the 
Interior  Department  to  that  court.  I  will 
have  occasion  to  discuss  further  tho  im- 
portance of  providing  a  metliod  of  appeal 
to  the  courts  from  decisions  of  the  de- 
partment in  land  cases. 

"Reverting  to  the  condition  of  the  pub- 
lic land  laws  in  Alaska,  even  the  most 
cursory  examination  of  them,  in  view  of 
local  conditions  of  climate,  of  isolation  of 
territory,  except  as  to  ocean  transporta- 
tion, its  vast  extent  and  lack  of  homo- 
geneity, satisfies  all  practical  men  thai 
they  are  crude  and  unsuited  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  Government.  On  the 
other  hand,  experiments  at  amendment 
have  placed  the  ban  on  development  so 
that  progress  is  at  a  deadlock.  Without 
domestic  coal  in  Alaska,  railroad  con- 
struction and  operation  is  prohibitive,  and 
without  both  only  the  roughest  pioneer 
development  is  possible. 

"In  addition  to  the  necessity  of  opening 
up  and  developing  coal  deposits  in  Alaska 
for  railroad  operation,  it  is  equally  im- 
portant that  it  should  be  available  for 
mining  operations  and  as  a  means  of  sup- 


1152 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


plying  the  navy   and   trans-Pacific   com- 
merce. 

Leasing  Coal  Lands 
"The  secretary  directs  attention  to  the 
recommendations  contained  in  his  report 
for  1909  for  coal-land  legislation  and 
quotes  from  an  official  statement  made  in 
1907,  wherein  some  of  the  difficulties 
which  would  be  encountered  in  the  opera- 
tion of  a  leasing  system  are  pointed  out, 
and  again  calls  attention  to  the  impon- 
ance  of  enacting  legislation  which  would 
give  the  department  an  effective  method 
of  disposition  of  coal  lands,  especially 
in  Alaska.  He  points  out  that  in  Alaska 
it  is  possible  that  a  leasing  system  could 
be  adapted  to  the  country  with  efficiency 
and  with  less  complication  than  in  the 
States.  In  the  States  the  administrative 
policy  is  to  secure  by  appraisement  and 
sale  of  the  coal  deposits  what  would  ac- 
crue to  the  Government  if  the  deposits 
were  mined  on  a  royalty  basis,  but  this 
is  not  possible  under  existing  law  in 
Alaska,  where  the  price  is  fixed  at  a  flat 
acreage  rate. 

Leasing  Oil  Lands 
"The  oil-land  withdrawals  now  out- 
standing, including  some  private  lands 
within  the  exterior  limits,  aggregate 
4,500,000  acres,  and  are  comprised  within 
the  States  and  Territories  of  Arizona, 
California,  Colorado,  Louisiana,  New 
Mexico,  Oregon,  Idaho  and  Wyoming. 

"I  am  in  favor  of  a  general  leasing 
system  of  oil-  and  gas-bearing  lands,  such 
a  system  as  will  promote  legitimate  de- 
velopment of  this  industry-,  prevent  mon- 
opoly, and  conserve  one  of  the  gre:t  nat- 
ural resources  of  the  country.  The  oil 
land  of  the  five  civilized  tribes  in  Okla- 
homa is  developed  on  the  leasing  system, 
the  term  of  the  lease  extending  as  long 
as  oil  is  found  in  commercial  quantities. 
The  lessee  usually  pays  to  the  Govern- 
ment for  the  use  of  the  Indian  one-eighth 
in  value  of  the  oil  produced,  as  royalty. 
This  system  has  worked  out  satisfactorily 
and  is  in  use  in  many  of  the  oil  regions 
of  the  country  where  land  is  held  in  pri- 
vate ownership  and  not  by  the  Govern- 
ment. I  would  apply  the  leasing  system 
only  to  areas  withdrawn  for  classification 
or  classified  by  the  Geological  Survey. 
The  unknown  and  unexplored  oil  lands  I 
would  leave  open  to  exploration  and  loca- 
tion. This  would  give  a  reward  to  the  . 
diligent  prospector.  Even  then  the  sur- 
rounding lands  could  be  withdrawn  from 
further  location  after  the  prospector  had 
secured  his  first  claims. 

"I  recommend  that  the  Government 
adopt  a  liberal  policy  in  opening  the  oil 
lands  In  California.  The  Government 
ought  tn  support  any  movement  which 
would  reduce  the  enormous  cost  of  fuel 
in  California.  The  State  ought  to  be 
asked  to  cooperate  with  the  Government 
to  prevent  the  monopoly  of  the  oil  busi- 
ness and  effectually  to  secure  a-  reason- 
able price  to  the  consumer.    In  my  judg- 


ment this  can  be  accomplished  if  the  State 
of  California  should  declare  the  con- 
sumption of  oil  a  public  use.  The  State 
should  pass  a  law  to  this  effect,  and 
place  the  regulation  of  the  price  of  crude 
oil  in  the  hands  of  a  discreet  commis- 
sion." 


Inspiration   Copper   Company 


The  report  of  Engineer  Henry  Krumb 
on  the  property  of  the  Inspiration  Cop- 
per Company,  has  just  been  made  pub- 
lic. The  property  of  this  company  is 
situated  about  eight  to  10  miles  west  of 
Globe,  in  Gila  county,  Arizona,  and  cov- 
ers 546  acres.  The  Arizona  Eastern 
Railroad  is  now  within  about  one  mile  of 
the  company's  property. 

The  ore  is  a  disseminated  deposit,  the 
commercial  orebody  being  about  180  ft. 
thick.  We  quote  from  the  report  as 
follows: 

Development  and  Equipment 

"Approximately  25.000  ft.  of  under- 
ground development  work  have  been 
driven  on  the  property.  The  main 
transportation  tunnel  has  a  length  of 
2075  ft.,  and  is  connected  with  the  Joe 
Bush  and  Scorpion  shafts.  About  250 
ft.  remain  to  be  driven  to  a  connection 
with  the  Colorado  shaft.  The  main  de- 
velopment work  has  been  done  from  the 
above  three  shafts,  and  the  orebody  has 
been  opened  for  a  length  of  3200  ft., 
while  with  churn  drills  it  has  been  de- 
veloped  for  a   length   of  3800   feet. 

"The  churn-drill  holes  have  been  lo- 
cated regularly  at  the  corners  of  squares 
with  sides  200  ft.  long.  Up  to  Nov.  1, 
there  have  been  completed  59  holes, 
with  a  total  of  34,432  ft.  of  drilling. 
Roads  aggregating  28,680  ft.  in  length 
have  been  built  for  the  churn-drill  op- 
erations. The  accuracy  of  the  churn- 
drill  sampling  has  been  checked  by 
driving  625  ft.  of  raises  alongside  the 
drill  holes,  and  by  the  general  under- 
ground development.  At  different  times, 
drifts  and  crosscuts  aggregating  2390  ft. 
in  length,  have  been  resampled  under 
my  direction  to  check  the  sampling  and 
assaying. 

"The  Joe  Bush  shaft  is  equipped  with 
boilers  and  steam  hoist,  while  the  other 
shafts  are  temporarily  equipped  with 
gasolene  hoists.  Near  the  po'rtal  of  the 
main  tunnel  there  are  400-h.p.  boilers, 
and  a  15-drilI  compound  steam  compres- 
sor. A  machine  shop  is  in  the  course 
of  erection.  It  will  be  completely 
equipped  with  lathe,  drill  press,  shaper, 
bolt  and  pipe  cutter,  steam  hammer,  etc. 
An  experimental  mill  of  about  75  tons 
daily  capacity  is  practically  completed. 
It  is  fully  equipped  to  make  exhaustive 
cohcfenti'ation  tests,  on  the  '  results  of 
which  the  design  of  K  mill  having  a  ca- 


pacity of  5000  tons  of  ore  per  day  will 
be   based. 

Ore   Reserves 

"The  ore  reserves  have  been  divided 
into  two  classes,  namely;  developed  and 
partially  developed.  All  developed  ore 
is  bounded  either  by  drill  holes  or  under- 
ground workings  not  in  excess  of  200  ft. 
apart.  In  areas  not  yet  completely 
drilled,  where  the  holes  were  up  to  400 
ft.  apart,  the  ore  has  been  classed  as 
partially  developed,  but  no  ore  has  been 
allowed  where  the  drill  holes  were  more 
than  400  ft.  apart,  nor  has  any  ore  been 
allowed  beyond  the  lines  connecting  the 
drill  holes.  In  blocks  where  both  drill 
holes  and  underground  development  ex- 
isted, assays  have  been  averaged  in  pro- 
portion to  the   lengths  sampled. 

"Up  to  Oct.  20,  I  estimate  that  there 
have  been  developed  12,396,000  tons  of 
ore,  averaging  2.03  per  cent,  copper,  and 
5,604,100  tons  of  ore  partially  developed, 
making  the  total  developed  and  partially 
developed  ore  reserves  18,000,100  tons, 
averaging  2  per  cent,  copper.  The  total 
area  developed  and  partially  developed 
is  29.9  acres.  This  area  is  entirely  on 
the  eastern  portion  of  the  company's 
property,  and  considerable  extensions  of 
this  orebody  are  practically  assured.  In 
the  Woodson  tunnel,  on  the  western  por- 
tion of  the  company's  property,  there 
are  several  hundred  thousand  tons  of  ore 
developed,  but  this  ore  has  not  been  in- 
cluded in  the  above  calculations  of  ore 
reserves.  The  indications  are  that  a 
large  orebody  will  be  developed  in  this 
portion  of  the  company's  property.  In 
an  area  east  of  the  Joe  Bush  shaft,  the 
capping  is  only  from  50  to  100  ft.  thick, 
and  it  may  be  possible  to  mine  the  ore 
in  this  area  by  open-cut  methods.  In 
other  portions  of  the  orebody,  a  caving 
system  of  mining  will  be  adopted. 

"It  has  been  stated  that  there  are 
18,000,000  tons  of  ore  developed  and 
partially  developed.  It  is  practically  as- 
sured that  extensions  of  the  eastern  ore- 
body  will  add  a  large  tonnage  to  the 
known  ore  reserves.  In  the  western  pan 
of  the  company's  property,  it  is  knowr 
from  the  developments  in  the  Woodsor 
tunnel  and  from  the  work  on  adjoininf 
properties,  that  there  is  another  orebod\ 
in  this  section,  but  no  drilling  has  as  yei' 
been  done  in  this  part  of  the  property,  as 
it  is  the  intention  more  thoroughly  tf 
develop  the  eastern  orebody  before  mov- 
ing the  drills  to  the  west," 

Mr.  Krumb  estimates  that  when  tht 
property  is  in  full  operation  on  a  basi; 
of  5000  tons  per  day,  the  cost  of  coppei 
delivered  in  New  York  will  be  betweei 
0  and  9'jC.  per  pound. 


The  Ingersoll-Rand  Company  has  pur 
chased  the  business  of  the  A,  S.  Camerpi 
Steam  "Pump  Works. 


December  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1153 


Report  of  Montana-Tonopah  Mining  Company 


At  the  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the 
Montana-Tonopah  Mining  Company,  held 
at  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah,  Sept.  13,  1910, 
directors  were  elected  for  the  ensuing 
year.  The  board  comprises:  Henr>'  D. 
Moore,  Jacob  R.  Meyers.  F.  M.  Kirk,  W. 
-.  Knowles,  W.  B.  Alexander,  Thomas  J. 
-ynch,  J.  M.  Wynn.  Charles  E.  Morris 
ind  Charles  E.  Knox.  At  this  meeting 
he  reports  of  the  president,  superintend- 
nt,  and  secretary-treasurer  were  sub- 
nitted. 

The  president  in  his  report  calls  atten- 

ion  to  the   fact  that,   up   to   the   present 

ime,  the  long  crosscut  to  the   north,  on 

he  765-ft.  or  bottom  level  had  failed  to 

isclose  any  new  veins.     He  states,  how- 

ver,  that  at  a  point  2810  ft.  north  of  the 

"•laft  the   workings  had   encountered   the 

irly  andesite,  which  is  the  minera!-bear- 

ig  formation  in  the  Tonopah  district.     At 

lis  point,  the  crosscut   had   been   driven 

most  to  the  boundary  line  of  the  prop- 

"ty,  and   as  a  result  the  directorate   ac- 

lired  the  claims  to  the  northeast,  known 

•  the  Oddie-Egan  group,  comprising  55 

res,  for  which  S9000  was  paid.     At  the 

ne  the  report  was  published,  J.  E.  Spurr, 

ologist,  was  engaged  in  making  a  care- 

1  examination  of  the  Montana-Tonopah 

:d  other  properties   in   the   camp.      His 

ductions  will  be  made   public  after  he 

s  completed  his  work  on  adjacent  prop- 

:ies. 

uperintendent's  Report  of  Exhaus- 
tive Nature 

The  report  of  E.  A.  Collins  gives  much 

eresting  data  as  to  the  production,  cost, 

d   milling   work    for   operations   of   the 

cal  year   ended    Aug.    31,    1910.      The 

nkness  of  the  statements  is  to  be  com- 

;  nded.     The  summary  of  the  result  of 

I  ■-  year's  operations  is  printed  herewith. 

1  addition  to  the  total  production  of  50,- 

i  5  tons  of  ore,  19,000  tons  of  waste  were 

Isted   and   trammed   to  the   dump,   al- 

I  ugh     the    greater    part    of    the    rock 

I 'ken  in  development  work  was  used  to 

t  slopes.    The  average  daily  hoist  duty 

>3  approximately    194    tons,   equivalent 

1 261  cars.    Of  the  total  tonnage  hoisted, 

1  187   tons    came    from    the    first    level, 

1243  from  the  second,   11.890  from  the 

t  -d,  20.976   from  the   fourth,   and   5952 

(103  waste)    from  the  bottom  level. 

iDDiTioNAL  Development  Work  In- 
creases Costs 

he  costs  for  breaking  and  handling 
0|  during  the  year  under  review 
auunted  to  S3.4I4  per  ton  as  against 
*t7  per  ton  for  the  preceding  year.  The 
ti\\  cost  per  ton  for  development  was 
S  '14  as  against  S1.645  for  the  preceding 
yii'.'-'DetartetJ    statement    of    expense 


taken  over  a  period  of  eleven  months.  Stamp  duty  was  3.67  tons  per  24  hours, 
during  which  the  average  cost  of  mining  as  compared  with  3.7  tons  during  the 
was  S3.397,  development  $1,836  and  45,-  previous  year.  The  average  value  of  the 
922  tons  were  mined,  is  as  follows:  Ore  50.245  tons  of  ore  milled  was  S15.22  per 
breaking,  S0.844;  timbering,  0.221;  hoist-  ton  (0.206  oz.  gold  and  21.K^9  oz.  silverl. 
ing  and  dumping,  0.254;  blacksmithing.  The  average  value  of  the  mill  tailings 
0.038;  surveying,  0.039;  foremen  and  was  $1.43  (0.0146  oz.  gold  and  2.168  oz. 
shift  bosses,  0.075;  sampling,  0.019;  as-  silver).  The  gross  mill  extraction  was, 
saying,  0.027;  sorting  and  shoveling,  therefore,  90.8  per  cent.  During  the  first 
0.618;  tramming,  0.337;  watchman,  three  months  of  the  year,  extensive  re- 
0.014;  storekeeper,  0.011;  total  labor,  pairs  were  necessary,  but  after  February 
$2,487.  The  total  cost  per  ton  for  sup-  the  milling  costs  showed  a  marked  re- 
plies, $0,910,  made-up  as  follows:  Ore  duction,  the  average  for  six  months  from 
breaking,  0.392;  compressed  air,  0.108;  February  to  July,  inclusive,  being  $3.37, 
timbering.  0.201;  hoisting  and  dumping,  a  decrease  of  36c.  per  ton.  Credit  for 
0.084;  hoisting  (electrical  power),  0.125.  this  increased  efficiency  and  consequent 
Development  cost  for  the  same  period  reduction  of  the  cost  of  milling  is  given 
was  SI. 26  for  labor  and  $0,576  for  sup-  to  B.  A.  Bosqui,  who  has  been  in  charge 
plies,  making  a  total  for  development  of  of  this  department  since  January  last. 
S1.836  per  ton.  Shipments   of   concentrate   and   bullion 

.,     .,         _                                 ,  during  the  year   were   as   follows:     1076 

No  Nevc  Developments  of  Importance  r                       ,.     ■ 

tons  of  concentrate  havmg  a  gross  value 

During  the  year  a  total  of  10,681  ft.  per  ton  of  $253.52  (estimated  net  valu2, 
of  new  work  was  added.  No  new  veins,  ,$245,304);  39,981  lb.  of  bullion,  average 
or  bonanzas,  were  discovered,  but  a  large  fineness,  gold,  11.6,  silver,  890.6  (esti- 
amount  of  productive  work  was  done  on  mated  net  value,  S405,I00).  The  bullion 
the  Triangle  and  Martha  veins,  which  re-  cost  was  53.4c.  per  ounce  produced  and 
suited  in  the  development  of  milling  ore.  the  price  realized  was  67.4c.  per  ounce. 
Both  veins  have  been  developed  exten-  Analysis  of  the  cost  of  milling  opera- 
sively  down  to  the  fourth  or  615-ft.  level,  tions  shows  that  the  only  item  showing 
A  drift  now  being  driven  on  the  765-ft.  a  substantial  reduction  is  that  for  power, 
level  to  get  under  a  winze  from  the  By  avoiding  excessive  peaks,  a  reduction 
fourth  level  will  provide  good  air  and  of  lie.  per  ton  was  effected.  Segregated 
demonstrate  whether  the  vein  on  which  costs  for  milling  were:  Labor,  $1,123; 
the  winze  was  sunk  reaches  the  bottom  supplies,  1.016;  general,  including  heat- 
level,  ing,    water,    etc.,    1.353;    power,    0.306; 

SUMMARY     Ol''     OPERATIONS     IN     YEAR  ^°^1,     ^^•'^^• 

ENDED  AUG.  31,  1910.  The  supermtendent  states  that  net  re- 

Tr.ns  miiie.l i'"'^i-I'  ceipts  for  the  year  were  .$650,405;   total 

Ions    niiiiiHl 0,li4.i 

Cress  vudii'  por  ton ?!.">. i;2  expenditures,   excluding    any    charge    for 

('N,sTP\\'^M''tV.°.".\\\\\V.:::::::::::::  IioIm;  depreciation,   $515,689    (SIO.263   per   ton 

I'rotit  pel-  ton......... J.2.6S  of  ore  mined  and  milled ) .     The  estimated 

Devolopmcnl    woik    (ft.) 10.681 

profit  on  the  years  work  was,  therefore. 

The  average  cost  per  foot  of  develop-  $134,715. 
ment  work  and  general  charges  was  as  fol- 
lows: Drifting,  ,$6.24  per  foot;  crosscut-  ^ew  Construction  and  Improvements 
ting,  S5.83;  raising,  ,$5.10;  sinking.  During  the  year  several  improvements 
$14.43.  Of  the  total  development  work,  were  made  at  the  company's  property.  A 
approximately  42  per  cent,  is  classed  as  second  Diester  table  was  installed  in  the 
ore  development.  One  foot  of  drifting  or  vanner-room  addition,  and  two  of  these 
crosscutting  was  done  for  every  five  tons  tables  handle  the  entire  overflow  from 
of  ore  mined  during  the  year.  the     thickening     cones.       An     auxiliary 

Superintendent  Collins  states  that,  ow-  pumping  plant,  comprising  a  4x6-in.  di- 

ing  to  the   faulted  condition  of  the  ore-  rect-connected    triplex    pump,    was    in- 

bodies  and  the  difficulty  in  outlining  their  stalled  to  supply  the  mill  storage  tanks 

limits  without  a  large  amount  of  other-  from  the  Mizpah  pipe  line.     Five  tanks 

wise   unnecessary   expense,   it   is   difficult  with  a  combined  capacity  of  60,000  gal. 

to  make  any  accurate  estimate  of  ore  re-  were  set  up   to  supply  the   mill,   boilers, 

serves.    His  figure  for  probable  ore  avail-  etc.     The  office  building  was  remodeled 

able  in  the  mine  on  Aug.  31,  1910,  is  26,-  and  enlarged. 

000  tons.    This  figure  is  a  little  less  than  The   report   of  the   secretary-treasurer, 

that  for  the  corresponding  estimate  of  the  W.  B.   Alexander,  lists  the  receipts  and 

previous  year.  disbursements  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 

Aug.   31,    1910.     The   total   standing   on 

Mill  Extraction  Increased  „„„.      ..„     ,   ., .                ,   .     o-ror-oi. 

,  each   side   of   this   account    is   $786,821. 

During  the  year  ap  avera^  ^{3^^S>Ui,  The  balance  on  hand.  Aug.  31.  1909,  was 

of    40'    stamps     di^opped     continuously.  S49,493;  .supplie9viiS37,410;  bills  collect- 


1154 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


able,  S305.  At  the  end  of  the  year,  Aug. 
31,  1910,  cash  on  hand  was  S177,702; 
supplies  on  hand,  S32,931 ;  voucher  ac- 
counts payable,  $136,208;  bills  collect- 
able, S269.  From  such  a  statement,  prac- 
tically a  cash  account,  it  is  impossible  to 
determine  the  profit  from  the  year's  oper- 
ations. No  sum  is  set  aside  to  provide 
for  depreciation  of  the  plant. 


Copper  Castings  of  High  Con- 
ductivity 

A  new  process  for  making  copper  cast- 
ings of  high  conductivity  has  lately  been 
worked  out  at  the  Lynn  laboratory  of  the 
General  Electric  Company.  According  to 
Dr.  E.  Weintraub'  the  difficulty  in  making 
a  high-conductivity  copper  primarily  con- 
sisted, in  the  affinity  of  molten  copper  for 
oxygen.  Various  methods  were  tried  for 
getting  rid  of  this  impurity,  but  all  had 
the  common  disadvantage  that  the  deoxi- 
dizer  would  itself  combine  with  the  cop- 
per, and  in  that  way  leave  the  conductiv- 
ity no  better  than  before. 

Dr.  Weintraub  discovered  a  method  of 
preparing  boron  and  reports  that  in  his 
work  he  was  struck  with  the  lack  of 
affinity  displayed  by  this  element  at  or- 
dinary temperatures,  which  resulted  in 
trying  it  as  a  deoxidizer  on  copper. 

At  the  melting  point  of  copper,  boron 
and  its  compounds  have  practically  no 
affinity  for  it,  while  combining  readily 
with  both  oxygen  and  nitrogen.  However, 
the  cost  was  rather  against  it.  But  one 
product  obtained  in  the  boron  investiga- 
tion contained  only  oxygen  in  small 
amounts  as  an  impurity,  and  this  sub- 
stance, called  "boron  suboxide"  by  its 
discoverer,  was  used  in  later  experiments. 

By  use  of  this  compound  high-con- 
ductivity castings  which  can  be  easily  ma- 
chined are  readily  made.  As  excess  of 
the  reagent  does  not  harm  the  copper  it 
is  an  entirely  safe  method  for  the  foun- 
dry. The  cost  is  given  at  aboiit  0.73c. 
per  lb.  of  copper,  and  a  conductivity  of  90 
is  guaranteed  for  the  method. 

Dr.  Weintraub  announces  that  he  is 
working  on  the  effect  of  the  reagent  on 
various  copper  alloys,  and  also  the  possi- 
bilities of  a  boronizing  operation  replac- 
ing the  present  one  of  poling  copper. 
However,  it  is  a  long  step  from  the  0.73c. 
per  lb.  of  the  present  boronizing  process 
to  a  commercial  poling  cost,  when  one 
figures  that  the  entire  cost  of  casting 
cathodes  to  wirebars,  including  poling,  is 
only  about  0.075  per  lb.  of  copper. 

The  use  of  the  process  at  present  lies 
in  its  adaptation  to  electrical  work  where 
riveted,  soldered,  or  screwed  joints  can  be 
eliminated  by  making  large,  high-con- 
di'ctivity  castings,  and  by  replacing  the 
alloys  of  copper,  formerly  used  because 
they  made  good  castings  while  the  copper 
did  not. 

'.\<l<lii'MK  l)pforo  llii'  Ami'Hcan   Kloftioi'licml 
.nl    Snclc.t.v.   Oct.   13,    1»10. 


A   New  Baldwin  Electric   Loco- 
motive 

The  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works  has 
recently  built  for  the  Granby  Consoli- 
dated Mining,  Smelting  and  Power  Com- 
pany, of  British  Columbia,  an  electric 
locomotive  of  the  mining  type,  shown  in 
th;  accompanying  illustration.  The  elec- 
trical equipment  for  this  machine  was 
furnished  by  the  Westinghouse  Electric 
and  Manufacturing  Company.  Owing  to 
the  narrow  gage  and  restricted  width 
limit,  the  design  required  special  treat- 
ment; and  the  result  is  a  compact  loco- 
motive, simple  in  construction  and  with 
running  parts  easily  accessible. 

The  frames  are  of  cast  iron,  placed  in- 
side the  wheels,  and  the  bumpers  are  of 
the  same  material.  Coil  springs  sup- 
port the  frames  on  the  journal  boxes. 
The  propelling  equipment  consists  of  two 


provided,   and   are   placed   right   and   left 
near  the   front  end  of  the   locomotive.  i 

The  principal  dimensions  are  as  fol- 
lows; Gage,  1  ft.  8  in.;  wheel  base,  3 
ft.  6  in.;  drivers,  20  in.  diameter;  journ- 
als, 3^x454  in.;  width,  2  ft.  10  in.; 
hight,  3  ft.  9':.  in.;  length,  9  ft.  0  in.; 
weight,  12,000  pounds. 


Postal  Banks  for  Mining  Camps 

The  board  of  trustees  of  the  postal 
savings-bank  system  has  approved  a  list 
of  48  second-class  postoffices  where  the 
plan  will  be  given  its  first  trial.  Many 
of  the  places  selected,  particularly  those 
in  the  West,  are  mining  camps  not  ade- 
quately provided  with  savings  institu- 
tions and  a  large  patronage  of  the  service 
is  expected  both  from  native  and  from 
foreign-born  miners,  who  are  now  remit- 
ting  their   savings   to   their   native   coun- 


Baldwin   20-iN.   Gace   Electric    Locomotivf 


No.  K-6  motors  wound  for  500  volts. 
These  are  rigidly  mounted  on  top  of  the 
frames,  and  are  both  geared  to  a  trans- 
verse shaft  which  is,  in  turn,  geared  to  a 
jack  shaft.  The  latter  has  cranks  se- 
cured to  its  outer  ends  and  these  drive 
the  wheels  through  combined  side  rods 
and  Scotch  yokes.  The  driving  wheels 
are  steel  tired  with  cast-iron  centers,  and 
are  counterbalanced  as  in  steam-locomo- 
tive practice.  The  motors  and  resistance 
coils  are  placed  under  a  sheet-iron  cover 
having  removable  lids,  so  that  all  parts 
are  easily  accessible. 

With  this  arrangement,  motors  of  large 
capacity  can  be  provided  without  exceed- 
ing the  width  limit,  while  a  maxitnum 
proportion  of  the  weight  is  spring  sup- 
ported. The  equipment  of  this  locomo- 
tive includes  electric  headlights,  two- 
pocket  draw  castings,  hand  brake,  gong 
and  sand  boxes  with  spouts  to  all  the 
wheels.      Two    trolley-pole    sockets    are 


tries.  Among  the  mining  centers  desig- 
nated for  banks  are:  Globe,  Ariz.; 
Leadville.  Colo.;  Oroville,  Cal.;  Anacon- 
da, Mont.;  Carson,  Nev.;  Raton,  N.  M.; 
Deadwood,  South  Dakota. 


New  Map  of   a  California  Oilfield 

A  complete  map  of  the  Whittier-OIinda 
oilfield  in  Los  Angeles  and  Orange  coun- 
ties, California,  has  recently  been  pub- 
lished by  the  California  State  Mining 
Bureau.  The  producing,  drilling  and 
abandoned  wells,  wagon  roads,  railroads, 
pipe  lines,  the  specific  gravity  of  the  oils 
produced  and  other  details  necessary  to 
convey  the  fullest  and  most  accurate  in- 
formation regarding  the  field  are  shown. 

A  bulletin  containing  much  information 
that  has  not  been  published  regarding 
the  Whitticr-Olinda  and  other  California 
fields  is  in  course  of  preparation. 


ling     i, 
rnia   J 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1155 


The  Antigua  Mines  of  Real  de  Sivirijoa,  Sinaloa 

Discovered  in    1715,   Furnished  Silver  to  Spanish    Crown    for    Nearly 
a  Century.      Closed  on  Account  of  Water.      Efforts  to  Reopen  Failed 


B     Y 


E. 


A. 


H 


T     A     Y     S 


In  1715,  a  pack  train  left  the  port  of 
Agiabampo  loaded  with  merchandise  for 
Fuerte,  and  the  second  night  out  stopped 
on  the  road  at  the  top  of  a  little  ridge; 
camp  fires  were  built  at  the  side  of  a 
ridge  of  exposed  rock.  The  next  morn- 
ing, so  the  story  is  told,  one  of  the  pack- 
ers, in  scraping  around  the  fire,  noticed 
shiny  spots  on  the  rock,  which,  upon 
closer  examination,  proved  to  be  little 
globules  of  silver.  This  was  the  begin- 
ning of  the  famous  old  Sivirijoa  mines, 
that  yielded  silver  to  the  Spanish  crown 
for  about  90  years;  the  same  story  goes 
with  nearly  all  the  Mexican  antiguas. 

Mines    in    Accessible    Situation 

The  Real  de  Sivirijoa  is  situated  on  the 
ranch  of  Las  Lomas  in  the  State  of 
Sinaloa,  Mexico,  about  30  miles  east  of 
the  port  of  Agiabampo  and  but  three 
miles  west  of  the  Fuerte  river,  and  four 
miles  west   from   Vega,  a  station   on   the 


On  the  claims  there  are  many  signs  of 
old  arrastres.  No  tailings  dumps  are 
visible.  But  tiiree  miles  away,  on  the  edge 
of  an  almost  obliterated  lagoon,  near  the 
river,  are  found  piles  of  tailings  that 
were  washed  and  concentrated  by  the 
natives,  as  recently  as  10  years  ago.  The 
surrounding  country  is  overgrown  with 
brush  and  trees,  and  one  of  the  old 
shafts  is  used  as  a  well,  from  which  the 
owner  of  the  ranch  waters  his  cattle. 

Vein   Persistent — Ore  Sulphides  of 
Silver  in  Quartz 

The  vein  crops  strongly  along  the  sur- 
face for  about  2000  ft.,  with  shoots  of 
ore  at  each  end.  The  general  course  of 
the  ledge  is  from  north  12  deg.  west  to 
north  20  deg.  east,  with  a  dip  of  about 
55  deg.  to  east  in  the  south  shoot  or 
Caiman  workings,  and  of  but  20  deg.  to 
eart  in  the  north  shoot  on  the  San  Antonio 
workings. 


11..:^:. . 


Malacate  at  San  Antonio  Mine,  Sivirijoa.  The  Solmiiern  Pacific 
Tracks   Novc   Run    Across   Foreground 


main  line  of  the  Kansas  City,  Mexico  & 
Orient  Railroad.  Its  geographical  situa- 
tion is,  latitude  26  deg.  15  min.  north,  and 
longitude  103  deg.  45  min.  west.  The 
surrounding  country  is  rolling  and  dotted 
here  and  there  with  small  eruptive  buttes. 
The  elevation  at  the  mines  is  about  225  ft. 
above  sea  level. 

Camp  Long  Ago  Deserted 
Within  a  few  years  after  the  discovery 
a  town  of  2000  inhabitants  had  grown 
up  and  the  mines  were  being  exploited 
on  rather  a  large  scale.  Gamboa  makes 
mention  of  them  in  1761,  at  a  time  when 
they  were  at  their  best.  At  present  noth- 
ing remains  but  the  ruins  of  the  church. 
a  prominent  feature  of  every  old  Spanish 
mining  camp,  the  old  dumps  and  a  few 
shacks  occupied  by  the  ranch  vaqueros; 
a  dreary,  sorry-looking  place. 

•^IlnlnK  <'n!;ini>pr.    San    rilns,    SInnlon.    Mpx. 


The  width  of  the  vein  is  from  4  to  7 
ft.;  but,  on  the  surface,  the  Caiman 
shoot  is  fully  30  ft.  wide,  and  most  of 
this  has  been  worked  out.  A  pillar  at 
bottom  of  the  open  pit,  assays  45  oz. 
silver  per  ton.  In  the  brush,  near  the 
old  workings,  both  north  and  south,  are 
large  dumps  that  carry  an  average  of  8 
oz.  silver  per  ton. 

The  gangue  is  quartz  and  altered 
country  rock,  with  here  and  there  bunches 
of  baryte.  The  contained  metals  are 
mostly  in  a  sulphide  form.  The  country 
rock  is  a  metamorphosed  andesite  tufa- 
agglomerate,  and  the  whole  surrounding 
country  for  several  miles  is  highly  inin- 
eralized,  with  numerous  veins. 

Closed  on  Account  of  Flooded 
Workings 

The  history  of  these  mines  from  1715 
to    1800   is    a    mere   tradition.      On    good 


authority,  it  is  said  that  they  paid  the 
Spanish  crown,  during  the  eighteenth 
century,  in  quintas  (a  20  per  cent, 
tax),  25,000,000  pesos  in  silver.  About 
1800  a  large  How  of  water  was  encount- 
ered in  the  Caiman  workings,  too  much 
for  the  means  of  unwatering  employed  at 
that  time,  so  work  had  to  be  suspended 
and  since  then  the  mines  have  remained 
unexploited. 

Efforts  Made  to  Unwater  Mines 

Several  ineffectual  efforts  have,  how- 
ever, been  made  to  unwater  them,  but  all 
have  failed.  Soon  after  they  were  aban- 
doned, a  rancher  from  near  the  coast 
tried  to  unwater  the  Caiman  workings, 
but,  after  he  had  killed  many  mules  in 
the  effort,  gave  it  up.  Nothing  further 
was  done  until  about  1864.  At  that  time 
an  adventurous  Englishman,  Capt.  George 
Walker,  secured  some  old  documentary 
evidence  as  to  the  richness  of  the  mines; 
one  report,  it  is  said,  stated  that  the 
bonanza  ore  in  both  workings  assayed 
as  high  as  30  per  cent,  in  silver,  and  that 
the  main  workings  of  the  San  Antonio 
mine  were  under  the  old  church.  With 
the  evidence  he  secured  as  a  basis. 
Captain  Walker  succeeded  in  forming  a 
company  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  called 
the  Sivirijoa  Mining  Company,  and  to 
have   himself  made   superintendent. 

Captain  Walker  spent  considerable 
money  on  a  fine  residence  at  the  mines, 
ruins  of  which  still  remain,  and  on  cham- 
pagne dinners  in  Fuerte,  and  some  on  an 
old  shaft  sunk  by  the  natives.  He  pumped 
this  out  and  ran  a  short  crosscut  from 
it  toward  the  vein,  but,  due,  it  is  said, 
to  the  heavy  flow  of  water,  he  stopped 
work  at  this  old  shaft,  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying view,  and  put  a  cornish  pump 
into  the  Caiman  shaft. 

San  Francisco  Company  Passes  Out 
OF  Existence 

About  this  time  a  new  superintendent, 
.lames  Broom-Smith,  was  sent  out,  and 
he  did  some  general  work  in  the  Caiman, 
and  finally,  in  1867,  ran  a  crosscut  and 
cut  a  ledge  5  ft.  wide  carrying  ore  as- 
saying from  25  to  125  oz.  silver  per  ton. 

The  company  was  in  financial  straits 
by  that  time,  so  Mr.  Broom-Smith  took 
several  sacks  of  the  newly  found  ore  and 
started  for  San  Francisco  to  satisfy  the 
directors  that  there  really  was  good  ore 
in  the  old  mine.  At  Agiabampo  he  boarded 
the  schooner  "Telemaco"  for  Guaymas, 
but  in  a  storm  one  night  was  washed 
overboard  and  perished.     This  wound  up 


1156 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


the  Sivirijoa  Mining  Company.  The  water 
in  the  Caiman  was  never  lowered  over 
20  ft.,  even  in  Mr.  Broom-Smith's  time. 

Properties  Ch.ange  Hands  Several 
Times 

About  1881  the  claims  were  denounced 
by  Don  Adolfo  Ibarra,  of  Fuerte,  who 
knew  the  history  of  the  mines,  and  took 
them  up  as  a  speculation.  In  1883  he 
sold  them  to  Becerra  Hermanos.  These 
gentlemen  were  miners,  and  one  brother 
a  mining  engineer.  They  secured  a  special 
concession  from  the  Mexican  Govern- 
ment with  the  intention  of  thoroughly  ex- 
ploring the  properties  and,  once  for  all, 
proving  their  value.  In  1889  the  engi- 
neer died  suddenly  in  London,  and  in 
1893  the  firm  dropped  the  concession  and 
the  properties  were  taken  up  by  the  pres- 
ent owner  of  the  Caiman. 

Indications  Are  of  Rich  Orebodies 

Much  of  the  data  about  the  Sivirijoa 
mines  is  based  on  tradition,  but  some  is 
authentic,  and  the  extensive  workings  and 
dumps  prove  that  here  existed  an  im- 
portant mining  camp.  There  is  every  in- 
dication that  large  and  rich  orebodies 
were  worked;  and  fairly  authentic  ac- 
counts lead  one  to  believe  that,  in  the 
Caiman,  anyway,  several  stopes  were  left 
in  rich  ore.  The  little  documentary  evi- 
dence known  indicates  that  the  stopes  in 
San  Antonio,  under  the  old  church,  gave 
bonanza  ore. 

The  present  water  level  in  the  Caiman 
is  about  60  ft.  from  the  surface,  and  it 
this  level  there  is  a  drift  about  200  ft. 
long  by  15  ft.  wide,  above  which  the  ore- 
body  is  stoped  out  to  the  surface  from 
wall  to  wall. 

A  Guano   Mine— Old  Workings   Home 
FOR  Innumerable  Bats 

The  surface  of  the  water  is 
covered  with  bat  droppings,  and  this  has 
settled  in  the  water  to  such  a  depth  that 
a  man  can  walk  over  it  with  impunity. 
Much  guano  is  taken  from  these  workings 
every  year,  and  often  the  sacks  of  guano 
are  piled  upon  the  crust  formed  over  the 
water. 

That  the  old  workings  must  be  very  ex- 
tensive above  water  level  is  indicated  by 
the  millions  of  bats  that  make  the  mine 
their  home.  Every  evening  during  the 
rainy  season  a  continuous  stream  of  bats, 
six  feet  in  diameter,  rises  out  of  the  en- 
trance of  the  open  cut,  like  a  column  of 
smoke  f^om  a  crater.  This  column  of 
flesh  rises  steadily  for  three  hours  to  a 
hight  of  over  500  ft.,  and  every  little 
while  a  great  cloud  of  bats  will  break 
from  it  and  fly  off  in  a  different  direction. 
These  clouds  are  so  large  that  they  can 
be  seen  with  the  naked  eye  for  20  miles 
or  more,  and  so  thick  that  they  often 
shade  the  sun  when  flying  between  it 
and  the  observer.  At  the  crater-like  en- 
trance, as  the  bats  rise  from  the  bowels 
of  the   mine,   they   swarm   on   the   sides 


until  they  "get  their  eyes,"  crawling  over 
each  other  until  the  walls  are  a  moving, 
mephitic  mass;  a  sight  to  make  the 
hardiest  shudder.  As  they  become  accus- 
tomed to  the  light,  they  fly  into  the  slow- 
ly rising  column.  Around  the  mouth  of 
the  mine  numerous  hawks  sit  on  the  near- 
by branches  and  from  time  to  time  drift 
lazily  across  the  column  to  pick  off  a  bat 
for  their  next  meal. 

Every  morning,  from  daylight  to  as  late 
as  10  o'clock,  the  horde  of  bats  returns 
and  the  roar  of  the  descending  column 
can  be  heard  for  several  hundred  yards. 
The  incoming  clouds  of  bats  converge 
to  a  point  about  1000  ft.  above  the  en- 
trance of  the  mine,  and  then  each  bat 
closes  its  wings  and  drops,  catching  itself 
up  two  or  three  times  in  the  descent,  by 
opening  its  wings.  The  velocity  of  this 
fall  is  great  and  the  hawks  now  have 
to  greatly  exert  themselves  to  capture  a 
bat  as  it  drops  for  the  entrance,  and 
m.isses  are  quite  frequent.  Where  they 
store  themselves  is  a  mystery  that  no  man 
will  solve  until  the  old  workings  are 
opened,  for  it  would  be  death  to  any- 
one caught  in  the  entrance  of  the  mine 
at  the  time  of  the  exit  or  return.  The 
stench  alone  would  kill  a  man,  especially 
during  the  egression. 

Water     Probably     Could     be     Easily 
Handled 

The  flow  of  water  encountered  in  1800 
i.s  said  to  have  been  large,  and  the  local 
opinion  is  that  the  workings  connect 
with  the  river  three  miles  away; 
but  this  is  hardly  likely,  as  the 
ledge  runs  more  or  less  parallel 
with  the  river  and  dips  more  than  a  mile 
under  it.  As  the  mine  water  is  very 
brackish,  due  to  the  various  saK3  from 
the  decomposition  of  the  feldspar 
of  the  country  rock,  its  source 
is  probably  local,  and  from  the  surface. 
The  flow  may  have  been  large  100  years 
ago,  but,  for  years,  the  annual  rainfall 
has  been  decreasing,  so  that  now  the  wa- 
ter for  500  ft.  in  depth  could  likely 
be  handled  with  a  4-in.  pump. 

The  name  Caiman  is  said  to  have  orig- 
inated from  a  large  piece  of  native  sil- 
ver encountered  in  the  mine,  having  the 
shape  of  an  alligator,  caiman  being  the 
Spanish  for  alligator.  The  old  name  of 
the  Caiman  was  La  Crucesita. 

Value  of  Mines   Problematical 

Not  much  more  is  known  about  these 
interesting  old  mines  lying  on  the -coastal 
plain  of  Mexico,  and  almost  at  sea  level. 
Little  faith  can  be  placed  in  the  local  tra- 
ditions, for  the  richness  of  the  old  stopes 
and  the  certainty  of  their  existence  in- 
creases with  each  succeeding  generation. 
Neither  is  it  always  safe  to  take  up 
aiitiguas  on  their  traditions,  for  the  old 
Spaniard  was  a  keen  miner  and  followed 
his  ore.  However,  he  was  ignorant  of 
common  mining  phenomena,  and  the  low- 
ering of  the  value  of  the  ore  often  stop- 


ped him;  when  a  fault  cut  off  his  ore, 
he  rarely  sought  the  continuation  of  it 
in  barren  ground.  As  these  two  causes 
have  been  the  most  usual  for  the  aban- 
donment of  the  old  mines  in  Mexico, 
many  of  the  antiguas  have  responded  to 
modern  development  and  exploration. 
The  Sivirijoa  mines  are  well  located  for 
exploitation.  The  Southern  Pacific  of 
of  Mexico  railroad  runs  across  the  claims. 
It  is  probable  that  some  day  they  will 
again  be  worked. 


A  Bit  of  Mining  History 


In  a  book  written  in  1838,  and  pub- 
lished in  that  year  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
by  J.  M.  Miles,  a  member  of  the  U.  S. 
Senate,  is  an  interesting  reference  to  the 
mining  development  of  Mexico  and  to  the 
Valenciania  mine  of  Guanajuato.  It 
says: 

"The  increase  and  extension  of  mining 
operations  (in  Mexico/  were  astonishingly 
great  from  1790  to  the  commencement  of 
the  late  revolution.  The  cause  of  this  in- 
crease Humboldt  attributes  'to  the  in- 
crease of  population  on  the  table  land, 
the  progress  of  knowledge  and  national 
industry,  the  freedom  of  trade  conceded 
to  America  in  1778,  the  facility  of  pro- 
curing at  a  cheap  rate  the  iron  and  steel 
necessary  for  the  mines,  the  fall  in  the 
price  of  mercury,  the  discovery  of  the 
mines  of  Valenciana  and  Catorce  and  the 
establishment  of  the  Tribunal  of  Mineria.' 
In  the  mine  of  Valenciana  there  were  be- 
fore the  revolution  1800  workmen;  an  ad- 
ministrator with  a  salary  of  $12,000  .  .  . 
The  expenses  of  powder  alone  for  this 
mine  has  amounted  to  380,000  and  the 
steel  for  the  implements  to  527,000. 
When  Humboldt  visited  this  mine  in  1803 
a  new  draught-pit  was  opening  which  was 
to  be  sunk  to  the  astonishing  depth  of 
1685  ft.  into  the  bowels  of  the  earth;  it 
w-as  87  ft  in  circumference  and  estimated 
to  cost  one  million  of  dollars." 


Zacatecas  and  Orient  Railway 
Concession 

The  formal  construction  concession  for 
the  building  of  the  Zacatecas  &  Orient 
railway  was  signed  by  Governor  Zarate, 
of  the  State  of  Zacatecas,  in  April,  1910. 
This  concession  is  said  to  be  a  renewal 
of  a  former  concession  under  modified 
conditions.  By  the  terms  of  the  conces- 
sion the  construction  of  the  road  was  to 
have  been  begun  by  June  I,  1910.  This 
road  will  have  a  length  of  170  km.  on  the 
main  line  from  Camacho  station  on  the 
Mexican  Central  line,  extending  east  to 
Mazapil,  and  a  branch  is  projected  to  ex- 
lend  from  Cedros  northeast  to  the  mining 
camp  of  Bonanza.  This  road  provides  an 
outlet  to  the  west  for  the  important  min- 
ing districts  of  Mazapil  and  Bonanza  and 
also  traverses  a  district  rich  in  guayule. 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1157 


Protecting  Investors  by  Exposing  Mining  Frauds 

Publicity  of  Details  and  Legislation  to  Prevent  Fraudulent  Operations 
Needed  to  Supplement  Work  of  Postal  Authorities;  The  Lost  Bullion  Case 


BY        C. 

A  great  deal  is  being  said  and  many 
useless  and  impotent  resolutions  are  be- 
ing adopted  by  several  mining  associa- 
tions for  the  protection  of  investors. 
These  resolutions  have  for  their  main 
theme,  not  the  attempt  to  prevent  the  ac- 
tivity of  the  "wildcatter"  so  much  as 
to  arouse  public  opinion  to  a  point  where 
he  will  be  obliged  to  render  periodical  re- 
ports at  short  intervals.  No  attempt  is 
maile  to  make  him  show  authority  for  his 
statements  nor  to  end  the  practice  of  so- 
called  mining  engineers  who  would  not 
know  a  mine  from  a  sawmill.  The  gen- 
eral enforcement  of  such  resolutions  as 
lave  been  published  in  the  mining  mag- 
izines  would  only  be  a  picayune  annoy- 
mce  to  the  wildcatter  in  that  it  would 
)nly  require  him  to  manufacture  a  lot  of 
estimony   for  publication. 

Legislation  and  Publicity  Needed 

The  example  is  needed  most  of  all  of 
few  convictions  and  penitential^  sen- 
dees for  such  "cattle"  and  great  pub- 
city  regarding  the   trials  in  court.   But 
"fore     that,     legislation     is     necessary 
hich    shall    make    false    mine    reports 
id  the   use   of  the   title   "mining  engi- 
;er,"  where  not  applicable,  criminal  and 
rnishable,  not  by  fine,  but  by  both  fine 
id   imprisonment.     There   is   little   dif- 
rence    between     actual     embezzlement 
id  the   obtaining  of  money   for  mines 
at  are  known  to  be  of  no  value,  and 
en  th..i  putting  only  a  small  part  of  the 
Dney  into  the  so-called  mine. 
One    difficulty    is    that    the    courts   are 
ire  prone   to   hair-splitting   of   techni- 
lities   than   they   are   to   common-sense 
ministration    of    justice    which    makes 
finite     and     all-embracing     legislation 
cessary. 

The  first  step  in  obtaining  this 
lion  seems  to  be  the  publication 
such  facts  as  may  be  obtained 
I  iring  on  methods  of  wildcatters  and 
description  of  such  wildcat  mines 
1  may  be  seen  at  close  range.  This 
nstitutes  an  education  against  illegiti- 
I  te  mining.  The  postal  authorities 
i  doing  what  they  can  to  stop  the 
c  rying  of  fraudulent  literature,  but  they 
•  handicapped  to  some  extent  by  the 
c'.-.s.  One  judge  stated  in  throwing  a 
p;tal  case  out  of  court  that  he  was 
"'ed  of  being  wet  nurse  to  a  lot  of 
•Ikers  who  have  passed  their  majority 
H  don't  know  what  to  do  with  their 
iiney." 


S.        T   H    O   M   A   S,     J    R. 


niney.' 


\Ilnlnc  engineer,  Symcs  building,  Denver, 


In  the  course  of  my  experience  I  as- 
sisted in  the  examination  of  the  property 
of  the  Lost  Bullion  Spanish  Mines  Com- 
pany. This  examination  was  made  after 
the  harm  had  been  done  and  after  the 
case  had  been  tried  in  court  and  the  pro- 
moters of  the  enterprise  found  guilty  of 
fraud.  It  was  therefore  merely  an  exhu- 
mation of  the  remains  and  the  prep- 
aration of  an  obituary  for  the  enlighten- 
ment of  certain  Eastern  investors,  who, 
even  after  the  volume  of  testimony  con- 
clusively proving  fraud  had  been  given 
in  court,  were  still  possessed  of  a  fond 
delusion  that  they  might  have  something 
of  value. 

Case  of  the  Lost  Bullion  Spanish 

iV\lNES 

Certain  unscrupulous  gentlemen  of 
Denver,  and  Boulder,  Colo.,  got  together 
and  embarked  on  the  uncertain  tide  of 
misrepresentation,  clothed  in  the  disguise 
of  high  finance,  and  were  responsible 
both  for  the  production  of  a  great  im- 
aginative creation  and  the  despoiling  ot 
a  number  of  investors  whose  money 
seemed  to  be  very  insecurely  held.  The 
prospectus  of  the  company  states  that 
these  gentlemen  are  honest,  highly  re- 
spected and  of  great  experience  and  re- 
nown in  mining  matters.  Who  can  doubt 
such  a  statement  when  banks  are  in  the 
habit  of  giving  good  character  to  any- 
one who  may  have  an  account  with 
them?  The  bank  which  gives  such  t 
recommendation  will  in  nine  cases  out  of 
ten  refuse  to  loan  money  to  such  men 
unless  doubly  secured.  But  the  investor 
at  a  distance  does  not  know  this,  and 
he  places  his  trust,  together  with  his  sav- 
ings, in  the  hands  of  such  men. 

In  mining,  the  romance  of  the  poor 
prospector  who  makes  a  "find"  after 
years  of  toil  and  poverty,  and  wakes  up 
to  find  himself  a  millionaire,  is  potent. 
The  bigger  story  of  the  poor  prospector 
who  looks  throughout  his  life  and  never 
finds  anything,  or  the  story  of  the  fail- 
ures whose  monuments  in  the  shape  of 
dumps,  gallows  frames  and  dismantled 
mills  decorate  the  entire  country,  is  nev- 
er heard.  What  is  more  romantic  and 
exciting  than  the  imaginative  side  lights 
on  the  conquest  of  Mexico  dealing  with 
fabulously  rich  mines?  Therefore,  the 
name  "Spanish"  for  this  mine  was  a 
most  excellent  one  and  the  addition  of 
"bullion."  to  convey  the  idea  of  stacks 
of  ingots  of  pure  gold,  could  not  have 
been  better.  The  company  was  orcan- 
ized  under  the  name  of  the  Lost  Bul- 
lion    Spanish     Mines    Company,     under 


charter  from  the  Territory  of  Arizona, 
and  was  capitalized  for  $10,000,000 
worth  of  SI  shares. 

Acquisition  of  Property 

In  order  to  acquire  property  without 
incurring  the  penalties  of  embezzlement 
or  improper  use  of  funds,  two  dummy 
companies  were  created,  the  Security  In- 
vestment and  Mines  Company,  and  the 
Financial  Security  and  Mines  Company. 
The  boards  of  directors  of  these  two  com- 
panies and  of  the  Lost  Bullion  Spanish 
Mines  Company  were  practically  the 
same.  .At  the  direction  of  the  manager 
of  the  Lost  Bullion  company,  who  was 
also  the  president  of  the  Security  Invest- 
ment company,  a  man  on  the  payroll  of 
the  Lost  Bullion  company  located  nine 
claims  near  Silver  City,  N.  M.,  in  the 
name  of  the  Security  Investment  com- 
pany, and  nine  in  the  name  of 
the  Financial  Security  company.  These 
claims  and  $35,000  cash  were  giv- 
en for  the  total  capital  stock  of  the  Lost 
Bullion  Spanish  Mines  Company,  less 
five  shares  given  to  directors.  This  deal 
consummated,  the  moving  spirit  of  the 
enterprise  donated  six  million  shares  to 
the  Lost  Bullion  company,  to  be  sold  as 
tieasury  stock.  These  claims  were  re- 
ferred to  as  the  Rio  group.  The  Spanish 
group  of  14  claims  and  the  Mariana  group 
of  9  claims,  all  adjoining  the  Rio  group, 
were  then  located  for  the  Financial  Secur- 
ity and  .Mines  Company  by  the  Lost  Bul- 
lion company's  agent.  This  was  evi- 
dently for  the  purpose  of  getting  back  the 
$35,000  paid  to  the  Lost  Bullion  com- 
pany for  Its  entire  capital  stock,  because 
the  terms  of  settlement  for  the  two  latter 
groups  of  claims  were  for  a  total  consid- 
eration of  5150,000— ,$35,000  cash  pay- 
ment. 

Results  of  These  Manipulations 
The  outcome  of  all  this  manceuvering 
was  that  the  Security  Mines  and  Invest- 
ment Company  and  the  Financial  Se- 
curity and  Mines  Company,  by  means  of 
an  agent  employed  by  the  Lost  Bullion 
company,  located  all  the  claims  at  no  cost 
to  themselves  and  turned  them  over  to 
the  Lost  Bullion  company  for  $150,000 
and  3.999.995  shares  of  stock,  less 
$35,000 — which  went  in  and  out  again. 
One  feature  of  the  situation  was  that, 
owing  to  the  practice  of  wildcatters, 
which  seems  to  be  that  as  little  money  as 
possible  should  go  into  development,  the 
location  work  on  the  property  was  not 
done,  nor  were  the  claims  properly  mon- 
umented.     Th"   claims,   therefore,   never 


i!58 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


really  belonged  to  anybody,  but  continued 
to  be   a  part  of  the  public  domain. 

Reckoning  the  value  of  the  stock  at 
5c.  per  share,  the  lowest  price  at 
which  it  ever  sold,  the  total  cost  to  the 
Lost  Bullion  company  for  these  three 
groups  of  claims  was  3314,999.75.  And 
not  a  pound  of  ore  in  sight  on  a  single 
claim! 

A  financial  statement  published  by  the 
Lost  Bullion  company  during  the  early 
stages  of  promotion  shows  the  commis- 
sions paid  amounted  to  more  than  10 
per  cent,  of  the  entire  amount  involved, 
and  about  25  per  cent,  of  stock-sale  re- 
ceipts: the  miscellaneous  account  was 
nearly  10  per  cent,  of  the  whole,  and 
probably  was  spent  on  advertising.  Min- 
ing expense  was  the  smallest  item,  w'th 
the  e.xception  of  clerical  expense. 

Early  Advertise.ment 

The  gullibility  of  the  average  newspa- 
per reporter  when  confronted  with  new's 
of  things  of  which  he  knows  nothing  ts 
well  known,  and  no  difficulty  was  had  in 
securing  a  few  press  notices.  These  no- 
tices in  facsimile  were  inclosed,  together 
with  a  prospectus  pamphlet  and  a  copy 
of  assay  certificates,  in  envelopes  con- 
taining circular  letters,  and  distributed 
broad  cast.  The  circular  letter  stated  in 
part:  "We  inclose  herewith  maps  and 
engineers'  reports  relative  to  the  famous 
lost  Spanish  mine,  which  was  recently 
uncovered  near  Silver  City,  N.  M. 

"You  no  doubt  are  acquainted  through 
the  newspaper  articles  of  the  recent  ex- 
citement caused  in  this  district  by  the  re- 
ported discovery  of  a  famous  lost  Span- 
ish mine,  with  its  miles  of  workings 
through  fabulously  rich  mineral  ground. 
and  in  which  workings  it  is  supposed, 
there  is  hidden  millions  of  dollars  worth 
of  rich  bullion  left  by  the  Spaniards  in 
their  hasty  flight  from  xhe  wrath  of  the 
native  Indians." 

It  is  then  stated  that  the  services  of 
three  eminent  mining  engineers  were  ob- 
tained to  make  as  exhaustive  an  examin- 
ation as  possible,  that  each  examination 
was  to  be  independent  and  that  no  engi- 
neer had  knowledge  of  the  fact  that 
others  were  employed,  it  being  desired 
that  the  final  reports  should  be  absolute- 
ly unbiased  by  collaboration  and  that  all 
reports  being  favorable,  the  company  se- 
cured the  property  at  great  cost  and  with 
great  difficulty  and  had  decided  to  sell  a 
little  treasury  stock  for  development.  The 
addressee  is  informed,  as  usual,  that 
"you  are  getting  in  on  the  ground  floor 
with  the  original  promoters  of  the  com- 
pany." The  literature  accompanying  this 
letter  was  both  lurid  and  voluminous. 

The  Prospectus  a  Work  of  Art 

The  prospectus  was  a  literary  gem  of 
the  type  politely  called  fiction,  but  de- 
scribed by  the  untactful  in  stronger  langu- 
age. The  self-confidence  of  the  writer  in- 
creased as  he  proceeded  and  his  enthu- 


siasm, if  applied  to  generate  power, 
would  forever  banish  the  bugbear  of  fu- 
ture available  coal  supply.  The  depth  of 
his  feeling  and  anxiety  to  please  prob- 
ably account  for  rhetorical  and  ortho- 
graphical errors.  The  title  on  the  front 
page  of  the  prospectus  is  "a  glimpse  in 
the  mysteries  and  secrets  of  the  treasure 
vaults  of  the  ancient  Spaniards."  On 
the  inside  front  is  a  picture  showing  an 
"old  Mexican  town  near  the  Lost  Bul- 
lion Mines."  The  United  States  district 
attorney  elicited  the  information  that  this 
picture  was  reproduced  from  a  photo- 
graph of  a  few  old  Mexican  shacks  near 
Silver  City. 

CORTEZ    AND    THE    MEXICAN    CONQUEST 

Following  are  six  pages  of  matter  con- 
taining a  rehash  of  what  historians  have 
had  to  say  of  the  conquest  of  Mexico  by 
the  Spaniards,  and  giving  in  revolting  de- 
tail torturing  methods  used  by  Cortez 
to  make  the  Indians  divulge  their  secret 
mines  and  treasure  vaults. 

The  next  subject  has  much  to  say  about 
the  marvelous  richness  of  Mexican  mines 
and  the  fortunes  made  from  them  with- 
out, however,  mentioning  the  fact  that 
the  Mexican  mines  referred  to  lie  several 
hundred  miles  south  of  Silver  City  and 
also  that  most  of  the  fortunes  were  made 
by  the  legitimate  application  of  English 
and  American  capital,  and  not  by  Spanish 
adventurers  with  wornout  shoes. 

A  paragraph  headed  "A  Lost  Mine  that 
is  Famous  in  the  Taiopa  "  tells  of  the 
Indians  of  the  region  selling' rich  ore 
when  in  need  of  necessities,  and  how 
a  lady  was  presented  with  several  lots 
of  gold  ore  of  fabulous  value  because  of 
gratitude  for  her  ministrations  to  an  In- 
dian when  he  was  sick.  She,  nor 
anyone  else,  ever  had  persuasive  ability 
sufficient,  to  get  him  or  his  tribal  com- 
panions to  show  them  the  source  of  the 
ore.  The  race  is  deteriorating  surely. 
It  is  too  bad  Mr.  Cortez  wasn't  around 
to  help  the  old  lady  persuade  the  Indian, 
for  from  the  accounts  of  his  conquest 
he  had  persuasion  down  to  a  fine  point. 

The  Mine  Is   Discovered 

The  climax  has  now  been  reached  in 
the  prospectus,  and  the  sublime  creation 
of  the  master's  mind — the  story  of  the 
discovery  of  the  mine  in  all  its  romantic 
details — follows.  The  investor  who  could 
resist  this  story  is  to  be  congratulated 
on  his  lack  of  imagination.  Srpall  frag- 
ments of  the  story,  shorn  of  their  more 
picturesque  flights  of  descriptive  fancy, 
are  as  follows:  "George  Dubois,  an  old- 
time  prospector,  .  .  .  has  an  extensive  ac- 
quaintance with  the  customs  and  legends 
of  Mexico,  A  son  of  Mr,  Dubois  ,  .  ,  be- 
friended a  Yaqui  Indian  in  many  ways. 
,  .  .  Young  Dubois  learned  the  story  of 
the  ancient  mine  on  Bear  mountain  from 
the  old  Yaqui.  ,  ,  .  Also  told  the  story  of 
the  massacre  of  the  whites  and  evacua- 
tion of  the  country.  .  .  .  Young   Dubois 


did  not  place  much  credence  in  story, 
.  .  .  Dubois,  Sr..  at  once  recognized  the 
old  legend  .  .  ,  and  commenced  to  search 
for  the  lost  mine,  ,  .  ,  Many  wear>'  days 
he  searched  .  ,  .  day  after  day,  month 
after  month,  almost  despairing  of  ever 
succeeding  in  his  attempt. 

"One  day  on  the  mesa  opposite  the 
gulch  across  from  Bear  mountain  he 
found  an  old  monument.  ...  A  little 
further  down  the  mesa  he  found  evi- 
dences and  traces  of  what  had  undoubt- 
edly been  the  habitations  of  the  Span- 
iards.    .  .  . 

"To  only  a  practised  eye  could  these 
slight  traces  have  been  discernable,  ...  it 
proved  at  once  he  was  on  the  right  trail. 
.  .  .  Discovered  evidences  of  an  old  dump. 
Close  to  the  dump  he  found  a  small  hole, 
almost  covered  with  the  accumulation  of 
years.  .  .  .  The  mountain  on  which  the 
old  mine  .is  found  is  one  of  the  largest 
in  six  chains.  ...  It  seems  to  divide  the 
great  mineral  dikes  that  follow  the  con- 
tinental divide,  and  is  entirely  covered 
with  a  mass  of  true  fissure  veins." 

Scrub    Trees.    Lady    Bugs    and    Great 
Mineral  Dikes 

Mr.  Dubois.  Sr..  had  such  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  and  acquaintance  with  the 
customs  of  the  old  Spanish  trouble- 
makers that  the  theory  of  reincarnation 
must  be  more  than  a  mere  theory. 
Perhaps  his  previous  self  even  helped 
erect  the  monument  referred  to.  Even 
to  the  initiated  an  explanation  of 
what  is  meant  by  "the  division  of 
the  great  mineral  dikes  that  follow 
the  continental  divide"  is  necessary. 
I  infer  that  it  means  that  all  the 
great  mines  of  the  country  owe 
their  existence  to  this  mountain,  but  I 
suppose  I  am  wrong.  The  only  thing  I 
could  see  when  down  there  that  covered 
the  mountain  was  a  lot  of  scrub  trees 
and  lady  bugs.  The  mistake  of  taking 
them  for  mineral  veins  was,  of  course, 
natural  and  excusable. 

But  the  pamphlet  goes  on  and  executes 
a  few  further  gymnastics  which  are  ex- 
ceedingly intricate. 

"The  geological  characteristics  of  this 
section  are  limestone  and  quartzite 
traversed  by  dikes  of  intrusive  rocks.  Mr. 
Dubois  has  panned  gold  frorn  almost 
every  part  of  the  mountain. 

"The  lost  mine  is  entered  through  a 
very  small  hole,  just  large  enough  for  a 
man  to  squeeze  through.  In  a  short  dis- 
tance a  large  chamber  is  entered,  from 
which  dozens  of  drifts  and  levels  radiate. 
.  ,  ,  The  mine  has  only  been  partially  ex- 
plored for  a  distance  of  several  miles, 
.  .  .  Engineers  estimate  that  when  the 
old  workings  are  thoroughly  explored 
that  perhaps  there  will  be  12  to  15  miles 
of  underground  workings,  ,  .  .  Large 
chambers  are  encountered  where  enor- 
mous wealth  must  have  been  extracted- 

"The  Spanish  method  of  mining  was 
perhaps  the  most  economical   the  world 


December   10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1159 


has  ever  known.  They  followed  a  vein 
wherever  it  led  and  burrowed  like  ants. 
Millions  of  dollars  of  previous  ore  was 
taken  out  by  the  Spaniards.  The  prob- 
abilities are  they  left  the  great  bulk  of 
their  treasure  when  they  abandoned  the 
mine,  and  perhaps  in  some  dark  recess 
will  be  found  the  fortunes  for  which  they 
labored  so  arduously.  By  their  methods 
they  could  take  only  the  highest  grade 
of  gold  and  silver  ores,  ...  by  working 
the  lower-grade  ore  .  .  .  many  times  the 
millions  that  the  Spanish  secured  can 
be  taken  out." 

Work  of  the  Imaginative  Wildcatter 
These  three  paragraphs  from  the  pros- 
pectus are  typical  of  the  wildcatter, 
though  few  of  them  have  the  imagination 
of  the  author  of  this  one.  We  have  pre- 
sented to  us  in  it  a  few  geological  terms 
which  the  author  of  the  prospectus  has 
shuffled  up  until  they  look  plausible  to 
the  layman.  The  mine  is  described  as 
attractively  as  possible  and  methods  of 
mining  are  touched  on  vaguely  so  that 
the  impression  may  be  created  that  the 
promoters  know  all  about  mining  methods 
in  vogue  since  .\dam  built  him  a  dugout. 
The  fact  that  the  Spaniards  secured  mil- 
lions is  disposed  of  without  effort,  though 
ri  the  entire  pamphlet  nothing  appears  as 
estimony  to  this  fact.  And  herein  is  the 
salt  concealed,  for  the  promise  is  held 
"orth  that  possibly  enough  bullion  to  sink 
1  battleship,  and  all  ready  for  market, 
vill  be  found. 

But  in  a  discussion  of  mining  methods 
here  seemed  to  be  a  screw  missing  some- 
vhere.  In  one  place  it  was  claimed  that 
he  Spanish  methods  were  the  most  eco- 
lomical  that  the  world  has  ever  known, 
I'hile  in  another  it  was  practically  stated 
hat  their  methods  were  so  crude  as  to 
dmit  of  their  taking  only  the  highest 
rade  of  ore.  Inconsistency  is  the  keynote 
f  this,  as  it  is  of  many  other  lures  of  the 

ildcatter. 

The    geological    reminiscences    of   the 

Titer  of  this  pamphlet  are  interesting  in 
le  extreme.  They  have  been  a  source 
f  great  edification  to  me,  as  I  hope  they 

ill  be  to  others.  We  have  "limestone 
nd  quartzites"  designated  as  "character- 
tics,"  and  without  a  pause  he  goes  on 
I  say  the  "characteristics"  are  traversed 
likes. 

1  careful  survey  of  the  "underground 
orkings."  a  survey  which  embraced 
'ery  part  that  man  had  ever  penetratea, 
lowed  a  total  length  of  courses  of 
ss  than  3000  ft.  Probably  this  is  wrong, 
,;  the  "engineers"  employed  by  the  Lost 
ullion  rascals  seemed  to  be  able  to  stand 

one  place  with  a  lot  of  crooked  pass- 
ijes  all  around  them  and  estimate  dis- 
'nces  and  lengths  without  interrupting 
eir  other  pipe  dreams. 

Future  mining  methods  were  not  ne- 

ected  by  the  promoters  and  we  next 
ive  the  entire  proposition  of  future  de- 

lopment  disposed  of  in  a  few  words: 


"Two  methods  are  presented  to  get  to 
the  vast  bodies  of  gold  and  silver  ore.  One, 
...  by  driving  a  tunnel  under  the  old 
levels  .  .  .  Another  is  to  clear  out  the 
old  workings  ....  High  values  have 
have  taken  by  the  engineers  .  .  . 
This  confirms  our  opinion  that  Bear 
mountain  is  almost  a  solid  mass  of  gold 
and  silver  ores  .     .     ." 

Truly  a  most  conservative  statement! 
To  limit  the  orebodies  to  Bear  moun- 
tain when  the  formation  the  ore  is  said 
to  occur  in  covers  the  greater  part  of 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona  is  to  be  modest 
in  the  extreme!  The  prospectus  closes 
with  a  few-  choice  remarks,  laudatory  >n 
character,  regarding  the  past  perform- 
ance and  present  Judgment  and  integrity 
of  the  officers  and  directors  of  the  com- 
pany. We  might  possibly  be  trusted  to 
believe  that  three  "well  known"  engi- 
neers examined  the  property,  each  with- 
out the  knowledge  of  the  other,  if  a 
careful  review  of  the  published  reports 
of  these  three  engineers  did  not  revea! 
the  fact  that  they  used  the  same  samples 
to  get  all  their  assays  from,  for  the  re- 
sults check  to  a  cent. 

Engineers'    Reports  Wonderful 
Literature 

The  first  of  these  professional  gentle- 
men takes  the  reader  off  his  feet  right  at 
the  start  and  produces  a  sentence  that 
has,  I  truly  believe,  never  been  equaled. 
I  quote  it  in  full:  "Geological  Features 
— The  geological  character  of  this  entire 
country  and  section  is  first  class,  beihg 
generally  undulating  and  particularly  ac- 
cessible, being  crossed  with  the  country 
formation;  with  limestone  and  quartzite 
occasionally  and  intrusions  of  porphyry, 
andesite.  trachyte,  and  other  broken  form- 
ations which  are  at  all  times  encountered 
near  one  of  the  continental  or  other 
divides." 

One  must  pause  from  sheer  admiration 
after  a  comprehensive  glance  at  the 
above.  Does  anyone  know  what  a 
second-class  geological  character  is? 
Verily  I  believe  that  no  engineer— or 
bricklayer — could,  with  such  naive  sim- 
plicity, go  through  the  mental  gymnastics 
necessary  to  call  "accessibility"  a  "geo- 
logical character"  or  bring  in  "undula- 
tion" in  the  same  breath  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  to  instantly  suggest  a  hairdresser! 
The  works  of  Mr.  Burbank  of  Californii 
are  evidently  but  crude  and  embryonic 
attempts  at  productions  of  new  species, 
for  here  we  have  a  complete  "geological 
character"  "crossed  with  the  country 
formation."  The  entire  report  at  no 
place  falls  below  the  standard  set  in  the 
opening  sentence.  The  fissure  veins  of 
this  property  are  evidently  a  new  species 
and  would  make  a  most  valuable  addi- 
tion to  the  Bronx  zoo.  They  are  evideiitly 
active,  "from  time  to  time  running  in 
various  directions."     In  a  burst  of  con- 


fidence we  are  also  told  that  the  property 
is  mineralized  with  a  limestone  dike. 

The  engineer  who  wrote  this  report 
when  confronted  with  it  and  asked  to  ex- 
plain in  court  stated  that  he  never  made 
the  report  as  published  by  the  Lost  Bul- 
lion Spanish  Mines  Company.  He  made 
this  statement  over  one  year  from  the 
time  the  report  was  published.  He  did 
not  furnish  a  copy  of  his  report  as  ori- 
ginally written.  The  other  two  reports 
were  of  the  same  type  as  the  first. 

Trial  Showed  Interesting  Facts 

The  trial  instituted  by  the  postal  au- 
thorities brought  to  light  a  number  of 
things.  A  few  of  the  more  important 
ones  are,  in  brief,  as  follows:  Mr.  Du- 
bois stated  under  cath  that  he  had  never 
been  to  Old  Mexico  except  for  one  short 
trip  to  Juarez,  just  across  the  line  from 
El  Paso,  Tex.;  that  he  had  no  knowledge 
of  the  customs  of  the  ancient  Mexicans 
or  Spaniards;  that  the  story  recited  in  the 
piospectus  of  the  search  for  the  mine  was 
false,  and  that  he  knew  the  "old  mine" 
was  a  limestone  cave  located  by  a  pros- 
pector named  Dorsey  some  20  years  be- 
fore. Asked  if  the  sketch  map  showing 
the  underground  workings  was  a  correct 
one,  he  said  "the  entrance  resembled  it 
somewhat  but  otherwise  did  not  resemble 
it  in  any  way." 

He  said  further  that  he  accoinpanied 
two  of  the  engineers  "who  had  no  knowl- 
edge of  each  other's  presence"  and  they 
examined  the  mine  together.  He  acknowl- 
edged that  all  his  communications  were 
pretty  "strong,"  but  said  that  he  had  been 
told  by  the  officers  of  the  company  to 
write  "strong  letters"  which  would  help 
them  sell  stock. 

These  statements  and  many  others  were 
made  in  court  by  the  principals  in  this 
little  comedy  and  all  were  absolutely 
contradictory  to  the  statements  originally 
published  for  the  purpose  of  exploiting 
the  property.  In  order  to  keep  the  influx 
of  money  from  investors  at  a  steady  point 
letters  were  issued  from  time  to  time  re- 
porting marvelous  new  discoveries  on  the 
property.  One  or  two  of  these  letters 
reported  the  finding  of  some  450  lb.  of 
rich  silver-gold  bullion.  Examination  by 
the  prosecution  showed  that  this  bullion 
was  nothing  but  a  lot  of  lead  drippings 
which  had  been  gathered  up  around  the 
furnaces  of  the  Silver  City  smeltery. 

Company  Reorganized  in  Spite  of 
Evidence 

In  the  reorganization  of  the  affairs  of 
the  Lost  Bullion  Spanish  Mines  Com- 
pany, a  reorganization  which  consisted 
merely  in  gathering  together  wreckage, 
certain  Eastern  men  who  had  been  vic- 
timized by  the  promoters  of  this  com- 
pany, assumed  control  under  the  corpor- 
ate name  of  the  Oro  Moneda  Mining 
Company.  These  gentlemen,  still  enter- 
taining   the     belief    that    they     held    a 


1160 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


property  of  great  value,  in  spite  of 
all  evidence  to  the  contrary,  under- 
took to  continue  the  work  of  develop- 
ment. 

The  case  of  the  Lost  Bullion  Spanish 
Mines  Company  furnishes  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  blindness  which  seems  to 
afflict  shrewd  business  men  when  they 
are  confronted  with  a  mining  venture 
so  presented  as  to  show  prospects  of 
enormous  profits  and  surrounded  by 
a  roseate  halo  of  romance.  Even 
a  superficial  analysis  of  the  quota- 
tions from  the  literature  and  testimony 
of  the  promoters  of  the  Lost  Bullion 
company  will  show  the  conflicting  and 
contradictory  evidence  and  may  well 
cause  one  to  wonder  why  so  many  people 
bought  their  stock.  It  may  also  be  seen 
that  there  is  nothing  in  all  the  resolu- 
tions against  wildcatting  that  can  be 
drawn  that  can  prevent  the  promoter  of 
just  such  an  enterprise  as  this  from  is- 
suing the  same  kind  of  periodical  state- 
ments. It  is  publicity  of  fraud  and  prop- 
er preventive  legislation  against  it  that  are 


Club   Houses   for  Mine  Employees 

The  club  house  built  by  the  Cleveland 
Cliffs  Iron  Company  at  Gwinn,  iWich., 
shown  in  the  accompanying  illustration,  is 
one  of  the  latest  and  most  modern  build- 
ings of  this  kind,  owned  and  controlled 
by  a  mining  company.  It  was  built  last 
year  and  is  in  keeping  with  the  philan- 
thropic spirit  of  this  company.  The 
building  is  equipped  with  shower  baths, 
swimming  pool  and  bowling  alleys  in  the 
basement.  The  basement  is  divided  so 
that  one  side  is  for  the  use  of  men  and 
the  other  side  for  the  use  of  the  boys. 
The  swimming  pool  is  common  to  both 
but  can  be  used  only  by  one  or  the  other 
at  a  time.  When  the  boys  are  using  the 
pool,  the  doors  connecting  with  the  men's 
division  are  closed,  and  when  the  men  are 
using  the  pool,  the  boy's  compartment  is 
closed.  In  this  way  they  are  entirely 
separate.  The  same  feature  prevails  in 
all  the  departments  of  the  building. 

The  first  floor  has  billiard  rooms,  li- 
brary, smoking  rooms  and  ladies'  parlors. 


days  are  set  apart  for  them  in  the  gym- 
nasium. 

It  is  interesting  to  know  that  the  daily 
attendance  of  the  club  is  about  one 
hundred,  while  special  attractions  are 
given  at  intervals  at  which  the  attend- 
ance is  much  more,  thus  raising  the 
average  far  above  one  hundred.  News- 
papers of  a  number  of  foreign  languages 
are  on  file  in  the  reading  room. 

The  Baltic  Club  House,  near  Palatka, 
Mich.,  was  built  by  Pickands,  Mather  & 
Co.,  and  while  it  is  not  as  large  and 
pretentious  as  the  one  built  by  the  Cleve- 
land Cliffs  company,  yet  it  is  serving 
the  purpose  as  an  attractive  place  for  the 
employees  of  the  company  to  assemble 
and  spend  a  pleasant  evening.  Here  no 
club  dues  are  charged,  all  the  depart- 
ments being  free  to  all  the  employees  of 
the  company.  The  only  charge  that  is 
made  is  for  the  night  school,  in  whici: 
there  are  30  or  40  students  taking  les- 
sons in  English.  A  charge  of  S8  for  40 
lessons  is  paid  to  the  teacher  w-ho  con- 
ducts these  classes.     This  building  has  a 


Club  House  at  Gwinn,  Mich. 


Baltic  Club  House,  Near  Palatka,  Mich. 


needed.  This  somewhat  historical  and 
not  altogether  coherent  resume  is  offered 
as  a  small  contribution  in  this  direction. 


The  Cooperative    Smelting    Works 
at  Johannesburg 

The  Cooperative  Smelting  Works  is  an 
institution  founded  last  April  by  the 
Johannesburg  Chamber  of  Commerce,  to 
treat  the  various  residues  which  could  not 
be  profitably  treated  by  the  separate  min- 
iiig  companies  on  the  Rand. 

These  residues  were  disposed  of  to 
small  local  dealers,  and  as  it  was  felt 
that  such  trade  could  act  as  a  cloak 
for  traffic  in  stolen  property,  it  was 
judged  best  to  eliminate  it  far  as  possible. 

About  400  tons  of  material  per  month 
are  treated  at  this  works,  most  of  which 
goes  through  a  small  blast  furnace  of 
30  to  40  tons  capacity  per  day.  There 
is  also  a  pan  furnace  and  a  cupel  fur- 
nace. About  10  white  men  and  25  na- 
tives are  employed. 


The  second  floor  has  a  gymnasium  and 
may  be  used  as  an  auditorium  for  en- 
tertainments of  various  kinds.  There  are 
also  a  number  of  classrooms  on  one 
side  of  the  auditorium  and  on  the  op- 
posite side  is  a  large  kitchen  from  which 
refreshments  can  be  served.  There  is 
also  a  furnished  apartment  for  the  at- 
tendant and  his  family. 

Me.mbership  Fees  and  Attendance 

All  of  the  employees  of  the  company 
who  live  near  enough  to  patronize  this 
club  are  considered  members  and  are 
charged  25c.  per  month  as  club  dues. 
No  class  distinctions  are  recognized.  The 
residents  of  the  town  who  are  not  em- 
ployees of  the  company  may  become 
members  by  the  payment  of  50c.  per 
month.  Boys  whose  parents  are  residents 
of  the  village  and  not  employees  of  the 
company  may  become  members  by  pay- 
ing 10c.  per  month.  No  membership 
fee-  is  charged  for  girls  and  women.  There 
are  a  number  of  rooms  set  apart  for 
girls'    and    women's    clubs    and    certain 


billiard  table,  reading  room,  both  tub  and 
shower  baths,  bowling  alley  and  barber 
shop.  The  building  cost  about  SIO.OOO. 
The  daily  attendance  is  50  to  60  and  the 
miners  seem  to  show  their  appreciation  of 
the  efforts  of  the  company  in  trying  to 
better  their  conditions. 


At  the  docks  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Con- 
neaut  Dock  Company,  at  Ashtabula,  Ohio, 
Sept.  3.  four  Hulett  15-ton  machines  un- 
loaded 35,855  gross  tons  of  ore  from  four 
vessels,  working  day  and  night  shifts. 
The  total  average  time  for  the  four  ma- 
chines from  start  to  finish  was  20  hours 
51  minutes.  The  total  average  lost  time 
from  shifting  of  vessels  and  machines 
and  other  causes  was  1  hour  41  minutes. 
The  net  working  time  for  the  four  ma- 
chines was  thus  19  hours  10  minutes. 
About  90  per  cent,  of  the  ore  was  taken 
out  by  the  machines  independent  of  the 
shovelers,  and  the  work  of  the  latter  con- 
sisted in  shoveling  the  small  amount  of 
the  ore  from  the  corners  and  piling  it  un- 
der the  buckets. 


December   10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1161 


Value  of  Geological  Work  in  Limestone  Regions 

Considered  Sufficient  at  Bisbee  to  Study  General  Geologic  Conditions. 
Conditions  at  Highland  Boy  Mine  Call  for  More  Detailed  Information 

B~^^^        C    L    A    U    D    E        Y.        RICE 


The  importance  of  the  study  of  the 
underground  geology  at  mines  is  fast 
becoming  recognized.  One  of  the  first 
things  that  was  done  at  Cananea  when 
the  merger  company  began  to  work  the 
mines  was  to  have  a  geological  study 
of  the  district  and  the  mines  made  by 
S.  F.  Emmons  and  J.  M.  Boutwell.  The 
Calumet  &  Arizona  company,  at  Bisbee, 
Ariz.,  has  long  been  studying  the  geol- 
ogy as  revealed  in  the  mine  workings,  in 
an  endeavor  to  gain  knowledge  that  will 
assist  in  the  finding  of  orebodies.  Re- 
cently, the  Copper  Queen  company,  also 
operating  at  Bisbee,  has  had  J.  M.  Bout- 
well  make  an  exhaustive  study  of  the 
Bisbee  camp,  and  now  this  company  has 
a  regular  geological  department  as  an 
addition  to  its  engineering  force.  Prac- 
tically every  large  mining  company  now 
has  a  study  made  of  its  ore  occurrence 
to  aid  in  the  finding  of  new  ore,  but  it  is 
mainly  at  mines  where  the  ore  occurs 
in  limestone  that  it  is  thought  necessary 
to  keep  a  force  of  men  constantly  study- 
ing the  geology  as  it  is  revealed  in  the 
mine   workings. 

At  Butte,   also,  where   the  ore   occurs 

n  a  granite  "country,"  the  geology   has 

jeen  extensively   studied,  but  mainly  on 

iccount    of   the    litigation    which    has   so 

ong   accompanied    Butte    mining.      This 

'.eological    work    is    still    continued,    but 

n  a  much  less  pretentious  scale  than  for- 

nerly.     Probably  the  first  company  oper- 

ting    porphyry    copper    mines    that    has 

apt  a  man  constantly  at  work  studying 

he  geology  of  the  ore  occurrence  is  the 

)etroit   Copper  Company,   but   it   should 

e  added   that   the   ore   occurrence   there 

>  much    more    complicated    than    at   the 

lore    famous    porphyry    occurrences    at 

ly,    Nev.,    and    Bingham,    Utah.      This 

eological  work  has  proved   so  success- 

il   that   the   work    of   studying    in    de- 

lil   the   geology   of  the   ore   occurrence 

■  the   Pilares  mine,  of  the   Moctezuma 

opper  Company,  at  Nacozari,  Max.,  is 

ion  to  be  begun. 

10  Much  Stress  Laid  on  Hypotheses 

The  great   trouble   with   much   of  the 

■ological   work   is   that,   as   in   law,   too 

uch   weight   is   given   to   precedents   or 

•potheses,  for  that  is  what  most  of  the 

■called  theories  about  ore  occurrences 

Geologists  seem   to   be   constantly 

ing  to  back  up  their  opinions  with  ref- 

nce   to   other   occurrences   until   geo- 

ical    articles    and    reports    are    begin- 

ii;  to  assume  the  appearance  of  briefs. 

illation    of   geological    observations    is 


well  enough,  but  can  be  carried  too 
far  with  the  result  that  theory,  as  op- 
posed to  actual  observation,  becomes  too  ■ 
important  m  the  mind  of  the  young  ge- 
ologist. This  should  not  be,  for  with  his 
scientific  knowledge  he  should  acquire 
the  "nose  for  ore"  much  more  quickly 
and  to  a  better  degree  than  even  the 
old    follower  of  the  mines. 

Methods  of  Recording  Geological  In- 
formation Vary 

At  Bisbee,  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  and 
the  Superior  &  Pittsburg  companies  use 
an  ordinary  loose-leaf  notebook  for  re- 
cording geological  notes  on  the  same 
page  as  the  sketches  made  underground. 
Later  the  geology  is  drawn  in  on  the 
geological  maps  at  the  engineering  office 
from  the  field  notes  and  sketches. 

At  the  Copper  Queen  property  the 
mine  is  divided  for  convenience  into  three 
sections,  the  maps  of  underground  work- 
ings of  each  section  being  kept  in  a 
separate  map  book  for  use  underground. 
These  maps  are  printed  on  sensitized 
cloth,  a  negative  of  the  mine  map  being 
used  in  doing  the  printing,  so  that,  on  the 
sheets  of  the  underground  geological 
book,  the  workings  are  shown  by  the 
blue  lines  on  a  white  background.  The 
sheets  are  arranged  in  the  books  so  that 
the  100-ft.  level  of  area  A  is  followed 
by  the  sheet  showing  the  200-ft.  level  of 
area  A,  and  so  on,  to  the  lowest  level  of 
the  mine.  The  size  of  the  loose-leaf 
pages  is  9'4xll''J  in.,  and  a  scale  of  80 
ft.  to  the  inch  is  used  in  mapping. 

Idea  at  the  Copper  Queen  is  to  Gain 
General  Knowledge  of  Geological 

Conditions 

While  this  might  seem  a  rather  small 
scale,  it  is  said  to  be  ample  to  allow 
the  representation  of  as  much  detail 
as  is  considered  desirable.  An  area  750 
ft.  wide  by  900  ft.  long  is  shown  on  each 
sheet,  so  that  the  conditions  over  a  rather 
large  area  are  in  sight  to  aid  the  geologist 
in  understanding  the  general  geologic 
conditions  about  the  mine.  Reference  to 
maps  of  sections  above  and  below  aids 
materially  in  understanding  these. 

The  object  of  this  system  is  to  give  the 
geologist  a  general  idea  of  the  conditions 
in  the  ground  and  to  keep  him  from  de- 
voting himself  to  too  close  study  of  de- 
tail. The  geologists  have  already  suc- 
ceeded in  finding  two  new  orebodies.  the 
object  at  Bisbee  is,  however,  rather  to 
find  areas  where  orebodies  are  liable  to 
occur  rather  than  to  attempt  to  determine 


the  probable  position  of  specific  orebod- 
ies. 

Other     Bisbee     Companies     Employ 
Slightly  Different  Methods 

Probably  this  policy  of  showing  only 
the  major  points  of  the  geology  is  quite 
correct  in  Bisbee,  for  only  the  general  re- 
lation of  the  ore  occurrences  to  intru- 
sions of  porphyry  is  recognized.  But  the 
failure  to  study  and  map  the  minuter 
points,  such  as  the  amount  of  fracturing 
prevailing  at  certain  points,  the  direction 
of  the  minor  slips,  the  degree  of  meta- 
morphisni  and  the  amount  of  silicification, 
may  account  for  this  lack  of  knowledge. 
Still  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  and  the 
Superior  &  Pittsburg  geologists  who  have 
done  the  mapping  with  somewhat  more 
detail  for  a  much  greater  time  than  the 
Copper  Queen  geologists,  have  failed  to 
note  any  direct  relation  between  the  ore- 
bodies  and  the  minor  geologic  phenom- 
ena. 

It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that 
W.  J.  Gohring,  superintendent  of  the 
first  two  companies  named,  and  who  has 
probably  found  more  ore  at  Bisbee  in 
the  last  five  years  than  any  other  one 
man,  says  that  he  goes  more  by  the 
looks  of  the  ground  itself,  in  prospecting 
for  new  orebodies,  than  upon  the  geologic 
conditions.  In  other  words,  his  study 
of  the  geology  of  the  workings  has 
caused  him  unconsciously  to  observe  and 
appreciate  the  importance  of  condi- 
tions, seemingly  of  minor  interest,  which 
influence  the  ore  deposition. 

Transit  Stations  Used  as  Base  for 
Plotting 

The  geologic  map  books  used  in  the 
Copper  Queen  are  carried  underground 
in  the  specimen  bags,  and  in  order  to  pro- 
tect the  maps,  the  books  are  fitted  with  a 
flap  of  soft  leather  that  comes  over  the 
top  and  keeps  out  dirt.  The  geologists 
carry  acetylene  lamps  so  the  maps  do  not 
get  greasy.  As  the  sheets  shrink  about 
2  per  cent.,  due  to  the  washing  necessary 
after  being  printed,  the  observation  sta- 
tions are  plotted  from  transit  points  so 
that   no   cumulative   error   is    introduced. 

In  case  that  it  is  necessary  to  show  the 
geology  with  fuller  detail  than  is  possi- 
ble on  the  map,  or  when  the  observations 
call  forth  some  remark,  these  notes  and 
sketches  are  recorded  in  a  loose-leaf 
notebook,  the  leaves  of  which  arc  indexed 
in  a  card  system  under  the  number  of 
the  sheet  on  which  is  shown  the  station 
where  the  observation  in  question  was 
made. 


1162 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING  JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


Geologic  Sheets  Serve  as  Cross  Ref- 
erence Index  to  Specimen  Collection 

The  specimens  collected  in  the  course 
of  the  grologic  work  are  given  running 
numbers  and  filed  in  the  specimen  cab- 
ir.ets.  To  facilitate  the  comparison  of 
specimens  of  the  same  nature  but  from 
different  parts  of  the  mines,  the  speci- 
mens are  indexed  under  the  name  of  the 
rock  or  under  the  heading  of  the  thing 
that  they  were  taken  to  show.  On  the 
geologic  sheets  the  place  where  each 
specimen  was  taken  is  shown,  so  that, 
these  sheets  serve  as  a  cross-reference 
index  to  the  specimen  collection.  On 
the  card  accompanying  the  specimen,  the 
name  of  the  rock  and  short  remarks  are 
noted;  reference  is  also  m.ade  as  to  where 
in  the  filing  case  fuller  notes  about  it  can 
be  found.  Finally  data  from  the  geolog- 
ic sheets  are  transferred  to  the  geologic 
maps  of  the   levels. 

In  the  Copper  Queen  sjstem  the  areal- 
survey  methods,  adopted  by  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey  are  employed  under- 
ground, but  it  is  to  be  questioned  whether 
in  this  method  too  much  stress  is  not 
laid  on  projecting  geologic  conditions, 
and  whether  detailed  studies  are  not  of 
much  greater  value  than  those  which  take 
into  account  chiefly  the  more  evident  ge- 
ologic phenomena.  Is  it  not  far  better 
for  the  economic  geologist  to  be  inclined 
to  creep  when  underground  rather  than  to 
jump  as  is  the  procedure  in  areal-geology 
work? 

At  the  Highland  Boy  Mine   Especial 

Attention  Is  Paid  to  Detailed 

Geologic  Observation 

At  the  Highland  Boy  mine,  at  Bingham, 
Utah,  the  system  of  geologic  work  is 
planned  and  the  work  performed  with 
especial  emphasis  upon  close  observation 
of  the  minor  details.  Moreover,  realiz- 
ing that  the  conditions  in  the  stopes  are 
fully  as  important  as  those  on  the  levels, 
except  for  the  fact  that  most  of  the  pros- 
pecting work  is  confined  to  the  levels, 
geologic  maps  are  kept  showing  the  condi- 
tions on  each  floor  of  the  stopes  through- 
out the  entire  mine.  The  information  is 
easily  obtained,  and  the  gathering  of  it 
gives  much  more  chance  to  study  the 
geologic  conditions  immediately  sur- 
rounding an  orebody  than  is  obtained 
when  conditions  are  mapped  in  detail 
only  at  those  points  where  the  levels 
intersect  the  orebodies. 

Where  the  country  rock  is  limestone 
this  geologic  work  in  the  stopes  is 
easily  done,  for  on  account  of  the  char- 
acteristic irregularity  of  the  occurrence 
of  ore,  it  is  almost  imperative  to  use  the 
square-set  method  of  mining.  This  in- 
sures that,  when  on  account  of  disclos- 
ures on  the  lower  levels  it  becomes  ad- 
visable to  prospect  more  thoroughly  por- 
tions of  the  upper  levels,  this  repros- 
pecting  can  be  done  at  no  markedly 
greater  cost  than  if  the  mining  had  not 
already   extended   to   deeper   levels.     In 


square-set  stoping  the  geology  can  be 
conveniently  worked  out  with  floor  maps 
and  recorded  on  cross-section  paper. 

Store  and  Level  Maps  Kept  Separate 

At  the  Highland  Boy  mine  two  sets  of 
field  maps  are  used:  One  set  comprises 
the  stope  maps  on  which  the  geology  of. 
the  stopes  is  worked  out;  the  other,' the 
level  maps  on  which  the  geology  revealed 
in  the  levels  is  shown.  The  geologic  in- 
formation from  both  is  later  transferred 
to  the  level  and  floor  maps  which,  as  they 
cover  a  much  larger  area  than  do  the 
field  maps,  are  upon  a  different  scale. 
The  same  scale  is  used  on  the  geologic 
maps  as  on  the  mine  maps,  the  map  base 
of  the  former  being  traced  from  the 
mine  maps. 

The  geologic  stope  maps  are  kept  in 
tenth-scale,  cross-section  note  books 
(Kueffel  &  Esser  No.  376).  These  are 
,ilso  used  for  recording  the  floor  plans  of 
the  different  stopes.  The  same  zero  set 
is  used  in  both  sets  of  maps  so  that  the 
dimensions  of  different  floors  of  a  stope 
can  be  checked  readily  by  comparing  the 
two  sets  of  plans.  But  in  the  floor  maps 
of  the  stopes  a  scale  of  50  ft.  to  the  inch 
is  used,  while  in  the  geologic  stope 
maps  the  scale  is  25  ft.  or  five  sets  to  the 
inch.  With  this  scale  the  geologic  in- 
formation from  the  stopes  can  be  plotted 
with  as  much  detail  as  is  desired. 

Conventional  Signs  Used  to  Indicate 
Various  Conditions 

A  legend  consisting  of  letters  to  repre- 
sent the  different  rocks  and  a  few  sym- 
bols to  indicate  the  manner  of  the  occur- 
rence of  the  ore  is  used  to  represent  the 
geology.  By  means  of  numbers  refer- 
ence is  made  to  the  notebook  in  which 
fuller  notes  are  kept  but  the  policy  is  to 
give  as  much  information  on  the  maps  as 
is  possible  and  to  use  the  notebook  only 
when  it  is  absolutely  necessary. 

Points  where  specimens  are  taken  are 
indicated  by  a  diamond,  while  the  point 
at  which  an  observation  is  made  is  des- 
ignated by  a  cross.  This  latter  is  done 
as  it  is  sometimes  necessary,  owing  to  the 
crowded  condition  of  the  map,  to  put  data 
regarding  an  observation  at  a  distance  so 
as  not  to  complicate  the  map;  in  giving 
the  strike  and  dip  of  a  fault  this  must 
occasionally  be  done.  Whenever  possible 
the  pitch  and  the  direction  of  the  stria- 
tions  on  the  fault  planes  are  also  given. 
In  all  cases  the  true  and  not  the  mag- 
netic bearings  are  recorded. 

Loose  Leaf  Notebook  Preferable 

There  is  a  great  deal  of  wear  on  the 
geologic  stope  books,  and  while  the  books 
now  used  seem  to  stand  it  fairly  well,  it 
would  be  much  better  if  loose-leaf  pages, 
similar  to  those  in  the  level  books,  were 
used.  This  paper  would  have  to  be 
marked  with  cross-section  ruling  for  this 
kind  of  work. 

The   observations   made    on    the    levels 


are  recorded  on  loose-leaf  sheets  carried 
in  an  ordinary  loose-leaf  notebook  that 
fits  in  the  specimen  bag.  These  sheets 
are  ll'iJxS'j  in.,  and  as  a  scale  of  30 
tt.  to  the  inch  is  used  an  area  200  ft. 
wide  by  300  ft.  long,  or  six  100- ft,  squares, 
can  be  mapped  on  a  sheet.  These  sheets 
are  cut  from  rolls  of  Keuffel  &  Esser 
Paragon  paper  No.  71,  medium  weight, 
rough  finish.  As  the  sheets  are  cut  from 
rolls  they  have  a  tendency  to  curl  but 
this  is  corrected  by  placing  them  while 
moist  in  a  heavy  book  to  dry.  The  rough 
or  egg-shell  finish  is  preferred  as  it  is 
easier  to  plot  on  it  than  on  the  smooth- 
finish  paper;  the  triangles  do  not  slip  so 
easily. 

Scale   Adopted   Suitable   for   Mapping 
Details 

The  scale  of  30  ft.  to  the  inch  used  on 
these  sheets  allows  the  geology  to  be 
shown  in  detail.  This,  at  the  Highland 
Boy  mine,  is  essential  as  the  geologic 
work  already  done  shows  that  the  shape 
of  the  oreshoots  seems  to  be  dependent 
upon  the  composition  of  the  limestone 
beds  and  also  upon  the  amount  of  pre- 
niineral  shattering  to  which  the  rocks 
were  subjected.  While  as  J.  M.  Boutwell 
states,  the  porphyry  is  the  source  of  the 
copper,  the  orebodies  are  not  always  in 
direct  relationship  with  the  porphyry  in- 
trusions. Intrusions  of  porphyry  in  many 
instances  do  have  an  infiuence  upon  the 
ore  occurrence,  and  even  upon  the  shape 
of  the  orebodies.  In  places  the  porphyry 
is  not  even  in  contact  with  the  ore  at  any 
point  in  the  stope  where  such  an  influ- 
ence appears  to  have  been  exerted.  Con- 
sequently, porphyry  intrusions  also  have 
to  be  mapped  with  a  good- deal  of  accu- 
racy. The  geologists  work  out  the  lithol- 
ogy  with  a  good  deal  of  care,  showing  on 
the  maps  marbleized  limestone,  silicious 
limestone  or  calcareous  quartzite,  quar- 
zite  and  mineralized  limestone,  and  the 
condition  of  the  ore,  whether  oxidized  or 
sulphide. 

Loose  Leaf  Sheets  Serve  as  Basis  in 
Working  out  Geology 

These  loose-leaf  geologic  sheets  are 
given  running  numbers  when  they  are 
made,  and  are  indexed  according  to  the 
level,  the  map  of  which  they  form  a  part. 
Taken  together  they  do  not  show  the 
whole  of  a  level  but  cover  only  the  drifts, 
crosscuts  and  other  developments.  They, 
serve  merely  as  working  maps  from 
which  to  transfer  the  geology,  as  it  is 
worked  out,  to  the  geologic  level  and 
floor  maps  where  the  geologic  conditions 
throughout  the  level  are  shown  continu- 
ously, as  far  as  the  underground  work 
has  revealed  them. 

Care  Used  in  Labeling  Specimens 

Only  the  geologic  sheets  which  are  tf 
be  used  during  a  day  are  taken  under- 
ground, and  generally  this  work  is  con- 
fined to  the  area  covered  by  one  sheet 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1163 


The  geologic  sheet  or  sheets  come  first  in 
the  loose-leaf  notebook;  next  comes  a 
heavy  cardboard  to  serve  as  a  backing 
while  the  position  of  specimens  is  being 
plotted;    and    finally   a   number   of  blank 

•leets  of  cheap  thin  paper  used  in 
'trapping  the  specimens.  These  sheets 
are  given  running  penciled  numbers  so 
that  the  specimens  are  labeled  by  the 
wrapping  paper. 

One  number  is  put  in  the  center  of  a 
>heet  and  one  in  one  corner  so  it  can  be 
easily  torn  off  and  used  to  mark  the 
specimen  when  it  is  later  unwrapped  for 
determination.  To  guard  still  further 
against  confusion  the  number  of  the  spe- 
cimen is  marked  on  it  with  red  pencil 
when  it  is  taken.  The  specimens  are 
uiven  running  numbers  with  an  additiotial 

orefix,"  of  the  sheet,  i.e.,  if  the  725th 
.-.pecimen  was  taken  on  sheet  No.  1 1  it 
would  be  labeled  11-725.  All  specimens 
;!re  taken  to  surface  for  final  determina- 
tion. 

Specimens  Must  be  Taken  Frequently 

The  points  where  specimens  and  ob- 
servations are  taken  are  measured  by 
t£.pe  from  transit  points,  and  so  complex 
is  the  geology  in  many  places  that  speci- 
mens have  to  be  taken  every  three  to  five 
ftet.  By  means  of  a  scale  which  he  carries 
underground  with  him  the  geologist  lo- 
cates on  the  map  the  position  of  taking 
the  specimen,  marks  the  point  with  a 
diamond-shaped  symbol  and  writes  in 
lead  pencil  the  number  of  the  specimen. 
He  then  wraps  it  in  the  sheet  of  paper 
which  he  tears  from  the  loose-leaf  book, 
after  having  marked  in  red  pencil  the 
number  on  the  rock  itself.  In  order  to 
facilitate  the  taking  of  measurements  the 
tape  used  by  the  geologist  is  fitted  at  the 
end  with  a  hook  for  fastening  into  the 
hole  in  the  spud  at  the  transit  point  from 
which  the  measurement  is  taken;  and  to 
aid  in  handling  it  the  tape  is  carried  on  a 
cross-arm  reel,  one  arm  having  a  loop  on 
it  to  slip  over  the  handle  of  the  reel  and 
keep  the  tape  from  uncoiling  when  it  is 
hung  up  while  the  plotting  is  being  done. 

Different   Colors    Represent    Various 
Rocks 

Later,  in  the  office,  after  the  final  clas- 
sification, the  specimen  numbers  are 
inked  in  on  the  geologic  sheet  with  the 
color  of  waterproof  ink  used  to  designate 
tiiat  rock  All  slips,  faults,  and  contacts 
are  indicated  by  lines  in  the  color  of  ink 
designating  the  rock  in  which  they  occur. 
By  means  of  arrows  the  direction  of  the 
horizontal  movement  along  a  fault  plan 
is  shown  while  the  direction  of  the  verti- 
cal displacement  is  shown  by  means  of  a 
dumb-bell  symbol,  the  bar  being  in  the 
direction  of  the  vertical  movement. 

Geologic  Sheets  Give  Detailed  In- 
formation 

By  means  of  the  color  legend  the  same 
number  of  distinctions   is   made   on   the 


slope  maps,  as  with  the  symbol  legend. 
When  there  is  ore  in  the  walls  of  a  w-ork- 
ing,  this  is  shown  by  cross-hatched  lines 
in  the  ore  color,  while  a  mineralization  of 
limestone  that  is  too  low  in  grade  to  be 
mineable  is  shown  by  dots  in  the  color 
of  ink  used  to  designate  ore.  Reference 
to  the  assay  plans  reveals  the  assay  value 
of  the  mineralized  areas.  Sets  silled  off 
on  ore  are  outlined  with  the  color  of  ink 
used  to  represent  ore,  while  filled  sets 
are  cross-hatched  with  red  ink. 

In  short  the  geologic  sheets  are  made 
to  show  as  fully  as  possible  the  condition 
of  the  mine  and  the  geology  in  the 
v.orked  portions,  but  in  no  case  are  the 
geologic  conditions  assumed  for  more 
than  11  ft.  beyond  the  point  of  observa- 
tion, that  being  left  the  eye  to  do  when 
one  is  theorizing  on  the  ore  occurrence. 
The  geologic  maps  simply  show  things  as 
they  actually  are  known  to  be.  The  speci- 
mens are  kept  in  boxes,  all  those  from 
the  area  covered  by  one  sheet  being  kept 
together. 

Same  Legend  Used  on  Plan  Maps  as  on 
Sheets 

On  the  geologic  plan  maps  of  the 
levels  the  coloring  is  done  with  crayons 
but  the  same  color  legend  and  symbols 
are  used  as  on  the  geologic  sheets.  No 
assumptions  as  to  the  geology  are  made 
and,  in  fact,  at  the  Highland  Boy  mine 
projecting  is  only  done  while  drawing 
sections  to  show  geologic  conditions 
through  certain   parts  of  the  mine. 

The  scale  of  these  geologic  maps  of 
the  slopes  and  floors  is  50  ft.  to  the  inch. 
They  are  drawn  on  tracing  cloth,  the 
glazed  side  being  used  in  order  that  al- 
terations and  additions  can  be  made  with- 
out injury  to  the  maps.  The  coloring  of 
the  map  is  done  on  the  reverse  side  of 
the  cloth  so  that  there  is  no  smudging  of 
the  drawing  when  erasure  becomes  nec- 
essary. 

Present  System  a  Natural  Growth — 
Satisfactory  Results  Achieved 
While  the  geological  work  at  the  High- 
land Boy  mine  has  been  carried  on  for 
over  five  years  the  recording  of  the 
geologic  data  with  the  detail  so  char- 
actcrtistic  of  the  present  work  was  only 
instituted  after  the  earlier  work  had 
shown  the  advisability  of  this.  Already 
the  accumulation  of  geologic  evidence  has 
shown  a  relationship  between  the  chemi- 
cal condition  of  the  limestone  beds  and 
the  shape  of  the  orebodies  and  n  gen- 
eral relationship  between  the  porphyry 
intrusions  and  the  orebodies.  It  is,  there- 
fore, probable  that  finally,  after  the  de- 
tailed work  has  progressed  farther,  the 
hypotheses  in  regard  to  the  ore  occur- 
rence at  the  Highland  Boy  mine  will  be- 
come true  theories.  If  this  be  accom- 
plished it  must  be  attributed  to  the  fact 
that  all  available  data  were  collected  and 
not  only  such  as  seemed  important,  be- 
cause of  some  hypothesis  of  ore  forma- 
tion. 


The  Multiple  Tube  Mill 

With  the  idea  of  reducing  the  power  re- 
quired for  driving  tube  mills  and  at  the 
same  time  maintaining  a  maximum  grind- 
ing capacity,  the  J.  R.  Alsing  Company, 
of  New  York,  has  designed  a  multiple 
tube  mill  in  which  the  load  is  distributed 
around  the  center  axis.  This  design  also 
retains  a  large  top  surface  of  pebbles  for 
grinding.  The  accompanying  illustrations 
offer  an  opportunity  of  comparing  the 
balanced  arrangement  of  the  multiple 
tube  mill  with  that  of  the  standard  tube 
mills,  in  which  all  of  the  charge  rests  be- 
low the  axis  of  support  and  a  large 
amount  of  power  is  required  to  rotate. 
The  multiple  tube  mill  has  the  advantage 
of   being    more    easily    transported    and 


Balanced  System. 


Unbalanced  System. 

Tilt  Etijimterinij  f  Mintnff  Joumat 

Two  Systems  of  Tube  Mill   Con- 
struction 

erected,  since  each  of  the  cylinders  is 
smaller  than  the  one  required  for  the  un- 
balanced system. 


Water  Power  in    Northern  Ontario 


The  Ontario  Department  of  Lands 
Forests  and  Mines  has  been  for  some 
time  collecting  data  regarding  the  water 
power  available  in  the  northern  parts  of 
the  Provinces.  The  surveys  included  the 
main  tributaries  of  the  Moose,  Albany, 
Winnipeg  and  Rainy  rivers  and  it  appears 
that  there  is  available  an  aggregate  of 
2,000,000  h.p.  These  waterpowers  are  dis- 
tributed over  a  distance  of  (500  miles,  and 
some  of  the  larger  ones  have  a  capacity 
of  from  50,000  to  100,000  h.p.  These  pro- 
vide an  immense  reserve  of  power,  which 
may  be  used  for  the  electrification  of  a 
part  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  railway. 


il64 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


A  Process  for  Saving  Wastes  in  Smeltery  Gases 

Finely  Divided    Slag  Treated  While  in  Suspension  with  the  Smeltery 
Gases,  Resulting  in  Solution  of  the  Bases  as  Thionates  and  Sulphates 


BY 


GEORGE 


W  E  S  T  B  Y 


I 


Of  late  years  the  disposal  of  smeltery 
smoke  has  been  of  vital  interest  to  agri- 
culturists, foresters  and  smelters 
wherever  farming,  forestration  and  smelt- 
ing were  carried  on  in  the  same  locality. 
The  problem  has  been  earnestly  attacked 
in  some  of  the  oldest  smelting  centers 
of  the  world,  and  yet  it  has  been  only 
partly  solved.  Some  of  the  smelteries 
of  the  United  States  have  carried  on 
much  experimental  work  with  more  or  less 
success.  No  plan,  however,  has  been 
generally  adopted,  because  each  locality 
usually  has  a  different  problem. 

Objections  to  Various  Remedies 

The  most  feasible  way  of  disposing  of 
the  sulphur  dioxide  is  to  convert  it  into 
sulphuric  acid,  but,  here  again,  local  con- 
ditions are  the  controlling  factors.  A 
common  proposal  is  to  convert  the  sul- 
phur dioxide  into  sulphur  by  passing  it 
through  incandescent  coke,  but  here  the 
cost  is  a  serious  consideration.  Treat- 
ment with  magnesium  hydrate,  with  lime 
and  iron,  have  all  had  their  exponents, 
but  all  have  failed  on  account  of  the 
cost  of  the  reagents.  The  flue  dust  of  the 
smoke  has  usually  been  well  eliminated 
in  all  these  cases,  but  it  is  an  expensive 
saving.  Long  flues  and  flue-dust  chambers 
have  proved  fairly  efficient  in  preventing 
the  dissemination  of  the  flue  dust,  but 
it  is  the  sulphur  dioxide  which  escapes 
that  is  dangerous  to  vegetable  life. 

Leaching  Slag  with  Sulphurous  Acid 

One  of  the  earliest  plans  for  preventing 
the  contamination  of  the  air  by  sulphur 
dioxide  was  to  pass  the  sulphurous  smoke 
through  coke  or  scrubbing  towers  through 
which  water  was  passing,  thus  forming 
a  solution  of  the  gas  in  water.  This 
method  failed  on  account  of  the  extreme 
difficulty  of  making  a  complete  absorp- 
tion and  as  it  merely  transferred  the 
arena  of  toxic  action  from  the  air  to  the 
water.  It  was  while  working  on  this 
method  in  a  physical  testing  laboratory  at 
a  copper  smeltery  near  Salt  Lake  City 
that  the  idea  occurred  to  me  that  the  sul- 
phur fumes  might  be  combined  with  the 
bases  of  the  slag,  the  flue-dust  eliminated 
electrostatically  and  the  cost  of  the 
necessary  plant  and  its  profitable  main- 
tenance be  more  than  covered  by  the  sav- 
ings from  the  dust  and  by  the  copper  and 
other  metals  extracted  from  the  slag.' 


•Merlin.  Oip. 

'Apkno\vlo(li;m("n(s  nro  fliip  S.  S.  Sorpnson 
and  Vt.  I*.  .T^niilnj^s  for  effective  work  on  this 
process. 


Fine  Shower  of  Molten  Slag  Falling 
THROUGH  Sulphurous  Acid 

It  did  not  seem  practicable  to  use  sul- 
phuric acid  and  the  0.5  to  1  per  cent, 
solutions  of  SO:  which  were  obtainable 
from  scrubbing  towers  were  not  recog- 
nized as  of  sufficient  strength  to  act  on 
the  slag.  A  molten  stream  of  slag  pour- 
ing from  a  reverberatory  furnace  sug- 
gested the  thought  that  if  a  fine  rain  of 
molten  slag  was  brought  into  contact 
with  a  weak  solution  of  sulphurous  acid, 
a  sufficiently  rapid  action  between  the 
particles  of  the  hot  slag  and  the  SO:^ 
and  H;0  would  result. 

Many  preliminary  tests  were  made  with 
solutions  of  SO,  varying  in  strength  from 
0.5  to  1  per  cent,  on  slag  passing  through 
100  mesh  and  heated  by  means  of  a  lamp. 
The  imitation  of  the  ideal  conditions  was 
not  close,  but  these  experiments  proved 
that  the  copper  could  be  saved,  and  that 
the  sulphur  of  the  S0=  would  readily 
combine  with  the  bases  of  the  slag.  The 
tests  also  indicated  a  method  for  per- 
manently removing  sulphur  from  any 
kind  of  obnoxious  circulation,  the  prin- 
ciple of  which  depended  on  the  precipi- 
tation of  basic  iron  sulphates  as  acidula- 
tion  decreased  and  oxidation  increased. 

EXPERI.MENTS    WITH     SlAG    WOOL 

In  the  course  of  the  experiments 
molten  slag  was  blown  to  slag  wool 
pneumatically  or  by  steam,  and  then 
treated  with  sulphurous  solutions.  The 
shredding  of  the  slag  oxidized  a  great 
part  of  the  copper  and  rendered  it  easily 
soluble  in  the  sulphurous  solution.  The 
fiberized  slag  was  also  physically  adapted 
for  rapid  decomposition.  Unfortunately 
the  spherules  formed  with  the  wool  were 
not  so  susceptible  to  treatment,  yet  the 
following  experiments  indicated  the  feas- 
ibility of  an  economic  solution  of  the 
smoke  problem. 

The  laboratory  experiments  represent- 
ing the  climax  of  the  first  tests  were  car- 
ried out  in  a  percolating  arrangement 
consisting  of  a  superimposed,  inverted 
bottle  containing  the  solution  and  a  layer 
of  slag  in  the  lower  part  of  a  second  in- 
verted bottle  w'ith  the  bottom  removed 
and  a  filter  on  the  neck  through  which 
the  solution  drained  to  a  sump. 

This  device  made  it  possible  to  keep 
the  solution  continuously  percolating 
through  the  slag  and  also  to  bring  about 
the  reaction,  Fe.(SO.):,  +  S0= -f  2  H.O 
-  2  FeSO,  t  2  H.SO,.  One  hundred 
grams  of  slag  wool  with  adherent  spher- 
ules were  used   in  each  case,  and  2000 


c.c.  of  solution.  Some  samples  con- 
tained more  spherules  than  others,  and 
in  other  cases  the  copper  was  more  oxi- 
dized. As  an  illustration  results  of  two 
tests  are  given. 

Using  a  1  per  cent,  solution  of  SOi, 
experiment  showed,  after  the  third  day, 
an  extraction  of  practically  all  the  Fe 
and  63.1  per  cent.  Cu.  At  the  end 
of  the  sixth  day  the  copper  extraction 
was  94.3  per  cent.  The  same  per  cent, 
solution  of  HlSOj  was  again  used  with 
the  result  that  at  the  end  of  the  second  day 
100  per  cent,  of  the  iron  was  extracted 
and  52  per  cent,  copper,  while  at  the 
close  of  the  sixth  day  98.4  per  cent,  of 
the  copper  was  extracted. 

The  results,  while  showing  the  pos- 
sible applicability  of  the  disintegrat- 
ing power  of  dilute  sulphurous-acid  so- 
lutions on  slag  wool,  still  left  open  the 
questions:  (1)  of  a  simpler  or  more 
positive  means  of  decomposing  the  slag 
and  (2)  a  cheap  and  efficient  method  of 
precipitating  the  copper. 

Experiments   on    Slag    in   Lump   Form 
Unsuccessful 

Tests  were  made  on  slag  wool  with  0.75 
per  cent,  solution  of  SO;  agitating  the 
mixture  in  an  ordinary  copper  flask,  to  de- 
termine its  solubility.  They  proved  that 
the  decomposition  would  be  readily 
effected  by  agitation,  but  the  cost  of  me- 
chanical stirring  on  a  large  scale,  in  view 
of  the  conditions  which  then  obtained, 
was  a  factor  to  be  eliminated,  for  it 
v.'as  an  insistent  fact  that  the  margin 
for  profitable  treatment  was  small. 

As  a  simplification  of  the  process,  the 
use  of  slag  lumps  was  considered  in 
place  of  the  ground  or  shredded  mate- 
rial, but  after  experimental  examination 
we  were  compelled  to  reject  all  methods 
using  slag  in  mass,  for  three  reasons: 
(1)  the  lumps  were  u. '.chilled  and  conse- 
quently but  slightly  soluble  in  compari- 
son with  the  chilled  slag,  (2)  gelatinous 
silica  formed  over  the  surface  of  the 
lumps  and  so  prevented  further  effective 
action  of  the  sulphurous  acid  on  the  slag, 
(3)  it  was  utterly  impracticable  to  draw 
the  gases  through  a  mushy  mass  of 
partly  dissolved  slag,  where  the  gases 
are  designed  to  form  the  active  sul- 
phurous acid  in  direct  contact  with  slag, 
or,  as  in  one  suggested  process,  sul- 
phuric acid  in  the  presence  of  steam  at 
400  deg.   Fahrenheit. 

The  final  working  plan  consisted  in 
keeping  the  finely  divided  slag,  wetted 
or    suspended    in    water,    in    continuous 


I 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1165 


agitation  and  exposed  to  the  direct  action 
of  the  hot  sulphurous  and  sulphuric 
gases  as  the  material  fell  or  was  carried 
through  the  smoke.  This  plan  was 
found  effective  in  bringing  about  the  de- 
sired chemical  decompositions.  It  in- 
troduced the  best  economic  and  chemical 
conditions  possible. 

During  the  inception  of  the  process 
the  question  of  precipitating  the  copper 
at  a  low  cost  from  dilute  solutions  was  a 
troublesome  one.  The  difficulty  was 
finally  overcome  by  producing  a  precipi- 
tant in  the  solution  from  the  slag  and 
the  smoke  we  were  treating.  The  only 
factor  needed  in  the  completion  of  the 
separation  was  the  introduction  of  a  few 
degrees  of  heat  to  the  already  hot  solu- 
tion. The  general  form  of  the  precipi- 
tant is  an  iron  thionate  or,  more  ac- 
curately, a  mixture  of  thionates. 

At  this  stage  the  process  resolved 
itself  into  the  following  essential  fea- 
tures: 

(a)  The  treatment  of  the  wetted, 
finely  divided  slag  during  its  agitation 
or  motion  in  the  current  of  sulphur 
gases. 

(b)  The  precipitation  of  the  copper  or 
lead  by  means  of  thionates  or  thionites 
leveloped  in  the  original  liquor. 

(c)  The  separation  of  silica  and  of 
ron,  the  latter  as  copperas,  from  the 
)riginal  solution,  effected  by  the  regu- 
ation  of  the  temperature,  the  acidity  of 
he  solution  and  evaporation. 

(d)  The  formation  of  an  insoluble 
•asic  iron  sulphate  from  the  sulpho- 
alfs  of  iron  present  in  the  solution,  in 
hose  cases  where  it  is  not  desired  to 
eparate  iron  sulphate  as  a  by-product. 

(e)  The  separation  of  zinc  as  a  by- 
roduct  after  the  elimination  of  iron  and 
ilica. 

(f)  The  alternate  use  of  matte  and 
res  in  place  of,  or  with  slag. 

(g)  The  disintegration  of  the  slag  by 
irect  action  of  the  smoke  in  the  pres- 
nce  of  water  occurred  not  only  with  the 
ilution  of  the  iron  and  of  the  bases, 
Jt  also  with  pseudo-solution  of  the 
licic  acid  which  had  arisen  from  the 
^composition   of  the  silicates. 

This  pseudo-solution  is  easily  main- 
ined  in  the  slightly  acid  solution  and 
)es  not  interfere  with  the  formation  or 
ilution  of  the  iron  compounds  or  other 
>mbination    of   bases    with    the    sulpho- 

ids   during    the    progress   of   disinteg- 

tion. 

JLYTHIONATES    ARE    ALWAYS    PRODUCED 

IN  THE  Decomposition  of  Slags 
AND  Mattes 

The  retention  of  the  greater  part  of 
e  lime  in  solution  is  attained  in  the 
.rmation  of  thionates  of  lime.  These 
mpounds  in  many  respects,  particu- 
rly  as  precipitants,  act  in  the  same  way 
I  the  iron  compounds.  Ordinarily  they 
*e  of  less  importance  than  the  iron 
'ts,    and    in    the    following    discussion. 


iron  is  taken  as  a  representative  of  the 
thionate  combinations. 

The  polythionates  are  always  produced 
together  with  sulphites  and  sulphates 
in  the  decomposition  of  slag  or  matte. 
Their  formation  and  preservation  depend 
on  the  physical  conditions,  chemical  con- 
stitution of  the  smoke  and  liquor  and 
the  nature  of  the  material  treated.  A 
comparatively  low  temperatu.";  and  con- 
centration favor  their  genesis,  the  pres- 
ence of  sulphites  and  free  sulphur  en- 
courages and  brings  about  their  develop- 
ment and  the  material  used  determines 
in  part  their  form.  The  polythionates 
are  unstable  and  the  higher  thionates  are 
easily  transformed  into  other  thionates. 
For  example:  a  trithionate  breaks  up 
into  a  dithionate  and  tetrathionate  as  in 
the  equation: 

2  FeS,0„  =  FeS.O.  +  FeS.O,-, 

But  the  shifting  may  still  continue 
and  the  compounds  formed  be  decom- 
posed in  accordance  with  the  equations: 

FeS,0„  —   FeSO,   +   SO: 
FeS.O    --  FeS;0,.  +  2  S 
From   the   decompositions   the    follow- 
ing combinations  may  result: 
FeSiOj  +  H.SO3  =  FeSOa  +  H^SiO,, 

FeSO,  +  S  =  FeS.Oj 
The  conditions  present  may  also  in- 
duce another  course  of  reactions  which 
in  most  cases  predominate  over  those 
just  given  and  may  be  expressed  in  the 
equations: 

2  FeSOs  +  SOj  -f  O  =  Fe^lSOs)  s, 
FeJSOn)  ,  :=  FeS.O.  +  FeSOs. 

Ferrous    Sulphite    an    Important 
Primary  Product 

Ferrous  sulphite  is  the  most  important 
primary  product,  but  almost  instantan- 
eously in  the  proximity  of  the  excess 
sulphur  dioxide  and  free  oxygen,  ferric 
sulphite  is  developed  and  is  made  appar- 
ent in  the  solution  by  its  deep-red  color. 
Some  of  the  ferrous  sulphite  passes  di- 
rectly into  ferrous  sulphate  and  there  is 
also  a  direct  combination  between  the 
sulphuric  acid,  originally  present  or  de- 
rived in  the  smoke,  and  the  iron  of  the 
slag.  In  our  experiments  a  little 
less  than  one -third  of  the  iron  of 
the  slag  appeared  in  this  latter  combina- 
tion. 

In  very  hot  solutions  the  proportion 
of  sulphate  is  greatly  increased  and  the 
polythionates  begin  to  disappear  in  the 
manner  indicated  in  the  general  equa- 
tion : 

MSn  O,  -  MSO.  -J-  SO.  +  (n  —  2)S. 

Another  phase  of  the  process  is 
brought  out  when  oxidized  ores  are  to 
be  treated.  The  general  treatment  of 
the  smoke  with  slag  is  the  same,  but  a 
higher  temperature  in  the  absorbing  ap- 
paratus is  encouraged  and  a  change  in 
the  method  of  circulating  the  solution  is 
made. 


The  oxidized  sulphates  produced  in 
the  reactions  between  the  smoke  and 
slag  are  used  in  the  development  of 
solutions  strong  in  H=SO.  for  the  ex- 
traction of  metals  from  the  ore,  and 
transitory  production  of  polythionate 
acids  is  induced  by  the  interpolation  of 
reagents  to  form  them.  These  acids  ra- 
pidly change  in  accordance  with  the 
equation: 

H.SnO«  -f  H:0  =  H^SOs  -f  H.SO.  -f- 
(n  — 2)8. 

Copper  Recovered  in  Cuprous  Sulphide 

The  principal  source  of  the  H.SO., 
however,  is  the  reduction  by  SO:  of  the 
oxidized  iron  sulphate  solution  derived 
from  the  slag  treatment,  or  expressed  in 
symbols: 
Fe..  (SO.) 3  -J-  SO:  +  2H:0  =  2FeS0,  + 

2H:SO, 

The  oxidation  of  the  ferrous  sulphate 
originally  formed  is  brought  about  by 
exposing  the  acid  smoke  liquor  to  at- 
mospheric action  or  allowing  it  to  fall 
through  air. 

In  the  progress  of  the  method,  pre- 
cipitation of  copper  dissolved  by  or  in- 
troduced into  the  slag  solution,  is  ef- 
fected by  the  liquor  itself,  either  in  the 
absorbing  apparatus  or  in  a  separate 
tank.  The  chemical  combinations  of  the 
copper  are  as  uncertain  as  the  ever- 
changing  thionates.  The  copper  may 
appear  in  the  solution  in  any  or  all  of 
the  thionate  combinations  or  in  the  form 
of  a  double  salt.  In  any  case  precipita- 
tion of  copper  as  cuprous  sulphide  will 
occur  in  a  heated  solution: 
3FeS,0..  +  2CuSo,  =  Cu:S  +  7S0:  -f  3S 
+  3  FeSO,. 

Under  some  circumstances  low-grade 
matte  might  be  used  either  with  or  with- 
out slag  or  other  material.  In  this  event 
with  the  use  of  oxidized  "smoke"  liquor, 
hydrogen  sulphide  would  be  generated 
which  would  serve  either  as  a  precipi- 
tant for  copper  or  be  converted  into 
pentathinnic  acid  and,  in  part,  trans- 
formed to  sulphur  and  water  in  accord- 
ance with  equation: 

10  H,SO,  +  5  H.S  -=  3  H.-S  O,  +  12  H:0, 
H,SO:  +  2  H.S  =  38  +  3  H:0. 
The  copper  and  other  metal  contents 
present  in  the  matte  would,  of  course, 
remain  as  concentrates  in  the  treatment 
chamber,  augmented,  where  copper  solu- 
tions have  been  developed,  by  the  sul- 
phide of  copper  derived  from  hydrogen 
sulphide  or  thionous  precipitations. 
The  methods  presented  for  the 
segregation  of  the  copper  are  ap- 
plicable also  to  the  concentration  of 
lead  from  metallurgical  products.  We 
have  not  carried  our  experiment  so  far 
with  lead  product  as  with  copper  pro- 
duct and  therefore  in  this  paper  deal 
prinicipally  with  copper.  The  constitu- 
ents of  a  "smoke"  solution  are  in  gen- 
eral   the    same    for   any    slag;    the    most 


1166 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


I 


important,  aside  from  those  already  re- 
ferred to,  are  silicic  acid  and  iron. 

The  colloidal  silicic  acid,  occurring  in 
the  slag  solution,  readily  separated  in 
gelatinous  masses  after  the  solution  had 
pnssed  from  the  treatment  chamber  and 
had  become  cold  and  almost  neutral. 
Various  inert  substances  such  as  pow- 
dered charcoal  accelerate  the  separation. 
The  acid  can  be  retained  in  solution, 
however,  by  keeping  the  liquor  mod- 
erately acid  or.  if  this  is  undesirable, 
by  the  addition  to  the  neutral  solutions 
of  minute  quantities  of  alkali.  The  latter 
solution  becomes  gelatinous  on  heating 
or  on  standing  for  some  time. 

The  iron  in  the  slag  solution  could  be 
recovered  as  green  vitriol,  which  in  many 
places  would  make  a  valuable  asset  as  a 
by-product.  It  could  be  obtained  by  sim- 
ple atmospheric  evaporation  and  re-solu- 
tion is  a  minimum  of  hot  SOj 
charged  water,  with  deposition  of  the 
ferrous  sulphate  crystals  on  cooling  and 
further  evaporation;  or  by  evaporation 
of  the  supernatant  liquor  decanted  from 
the  silica. 

Iron  and  Sulphur  Removed  by  Spread- 
ing Solutions  over  Large  Areas 

Where  local  conditions  eliminate  the 
consideration  of  iron  vitriol  as  a  by-pro- 
duct and  demand  only  the  elimination  of 
the  sulphur  in  the  smoke,  we  allow  the 
liquor  to  become  almost  neutralized  in 
the  absorber,  then  either  bring  about  a 
precipitation  of  basic  iron  sulphate  in  a 
tank  by  means  of  aeration  and  heat, 
or,  preferably,  spread  the  liquor  over 
waste  ground  and  produce  precipitation 
or  separation  by  atmospheric  action, 
evaporation  and  oxidation,  of  course, 
occurring  at  the  same  time. 

The  basic  sulphates  of  iron  developed 
are  insoluble  in  water  and  thus  the  sul- 
phur is  changed  from  the  avidly  danger- 
ous form  in  which  it  occurs  in  the  smoke 
into  combinations  of  inert  substances. 
The  basic  sulphate  is  formed  in  the 
presence  of  excess  air  and  moisture  as 
shown  jn  the  equation: 

4  FeSO,  +  O.  -t-  2  H,0  =  4  FeSO,  (OH). 

Along  with  the  deposition,  the  de- 
composition of  polythionates  occurs  with 
the  separation  of  free  sulphur  and  the 
development  of  ferrous  sulphate  which 
changes  further  in  the  manner  indicated 
in  the  above  equations. 

The  silicic  acid  in  this  case  on  evapor- 
ation becomes  dehydrated  and  remains 
on  the  ground  as  silica.  Often  zinc 
is  an  important  constituent  of  a  slag. 
It  occurs  in  the  solution  in  its  final  form 
as  a  sulphate  and  can  be  separated  from 
the  insoluble  mass  of  basic  iron  salts, 
calcium  sulphate,  silica,  sulphur,  etc., 
formed  by  evaporation,  by  dissolving  its 
salt  in  water.  The  inetal  may  then  be 
recovered  by  any  of  the  known  methods.' 
The  flue  dust  is  completely  removed,  as 
the  smoke  is  brought  into  contact  with 


the  surfaces  of  wet  and  porous  slag  or 
other  materials,  and  its  contents  are  con- 
centrated along  with  those  from  the  ma- 
terial  used    in   the   smoke    absorber. 

The  results  obtained  indicate  that  com- 
mercial economy  is  secured  where  pul- 
verized slag  is  introduced  in  the  smoke 
treatment.  Pulverizing  slag  costs  much 
less  than  shredding  it  by  means  of  sleam 
or  air  under  pressure,  and,  aside  from 
this,  the  greater  part  of  the  copper  is 
left  in  a  form  which  renders  it  amenable 
to  the  simple  method  of  concentration, 
referred  to  in  the  case  of  matte,  where 
copper  is  present  as  a  sulphide. 

For  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the 
processes  described,  a  variety  of  appara- 
tus may  be  employed  but  the  principle  is 
in  each  case  the  same.  It  is  designed  to 
intimately  mix  the  smeltery  smoke  with 
wetted,  finely  divided  material,  to  cause 
a  spume  of  water  in  which  the  slime 
of  the  material  is  suspended,  and  bring 
this  water  mixture  to  the  best  advantage 
into  the  path  of  the  sulphurous  smoke. 
The  apparatus  is  devised  so  that  every 
molecule  of  SO;  shall  come  into  contact 
with  a  particle  of  the  wetted  material, 
during  its  travel  through  the  apparatus. 
All  conditions  favoring  the  chemical  ac- 
tion are  provided  for,  a  time  element 
being  especially  considered. 

Factors  Affecting  Design  of  Apparatus 

In  operations  where  the  smoke  is 
neutralized  by  slag,  the  material  is  con- 
tinuously fed  into  the  apparatus  with 
water,  at  the  same  approximate  rate  as 
if  is  dissolved,  in  sufficient  amounts  to 
care  for  the  whole  of  the  sulphur  in 
the  smoke.  In  designing  the  apparatus 
three  hours  are  allowed  for  any  par- 
ticular charge  of  slag  to  dissolve.  Some 
conditions  would  demand  a  longer  time, 
but  six  hours  would  be  about  the  max- 
imum period  required.  For  a  40-ton  slag 
unit  this  figure  would  imply  the  distri- 
bution of  10  tons  of  slag  suspended  in  the 
liquor  and  on  the  surface  of  the  appar- 
atus. This  unit  would  care  for  about 
16  tons  of  sulphur  or  32  tons  of  sulphur 
dioxide  per  day,  which  is  about  45  lb. 
SOj  per  minute. 

Using  a  factor  deduced  from  a  num- 
ber of  experiments  we  determined  that 
2715  lb.  of  slag  per  min.  must  be  brought 
into  intimate  contact  with  the  smoke  for 
complete  absorption  in  this  case;  in  other 
words,  it  is  necessary  to  keep  2715  lb. 
of  undissolved  slag  constantly  on  the 
reaction  surfaces  of  the  apparatus  to 
eliminate  the  45  lb.  of  S0=  passing  into 
the  apparatus  every  minute.  The  neces- 
sary size  and  rate  of  motion  of  the  ab- 
sorber depend  on  the  degree  of  pulver- 
ization of  the  slag,  the  temperatures, 
the  degree  of  concentration  of  the  SO: 
and  the  form  of  liquors  used. 

The  important  effect  the  degree  of  pul- 
verization has  on  the  dimensions  of  the 
absorber  can  be  seen  in  a  comparison  of 
the  relative  surface  and  weight  of  100. 


mesh  and  40-mesh  material.  A  particle 
of  exactly  40  mesh  has  a  little  more 
than  six  times  the  surface  of  a  particle 
of  exactly  100  mesh,  but  its  weight  is 
almost  16  times  as  much  as  the  100- 
mesh  particle.  For  any  given  surface, 
therefore,  40-mesh  material  weighs  al- 
most 2.7  times  that  of  100  mesh.  From 
this  it  is  apparent  that  if  we  neglect 
other  factors,  an  apparatus  to  use  40- 
mesh  material  would  have  to  be  about 
2.7  times  as  strong  as  that  used  for  100 
mesh. 

Observations  have  shown  that  the  ve- 
locity of  chemical  action  is  approxi- 
mately doubled  by  an  increase  in  tem- 
perature of  18  deg.  F.  A  reaction  that 
would  require  three  hours  at  60  deg.  F. 
would  be  consummated  in  less  than  three  , 
minutes  at  120  deg.  F.  It  can  be  seen 
from  this  representation  what  a  vital  in- 
fluence the  temperature  will  have  on 
the  efficiency  and  general  economy  of 
the  design.  Neglecting  subsidiary  ac- 
tion, the  concentration  of  the  SO;  in  the 
smoke  affects  the  design  in  accordance 
with  the  laws  of  partial  pressures,  in  o 
degree     derivable     from     the     formula. 

p  = ,  where  h  equals  the  pressure 

n 

of     the     gaseous     mixture     of    oxygen 

nitrogen    and    sulphur   dioxide,   a   equal; 

the   volume   of   sulphur   dioxide,    n,   the 

volume  of  the  mixture,  and  p  the  partia 

pressure  of  SO... 

The  form  of  the  liquor  is  a  point  fo! 

consideration    in    the    design.      For    ou: 

purpose  we  may  take  the  activity  of  the 

solution,  as  a  solvent,  to  be  proportions 

to    the    molecular    concentration    of   thi 

reacting  substances.     With  the  progres: 

of  the  reaction,  the  concentration  of  thi 

salt    in    solution    becomes    greater    am 

the   rate  of  solution  diminishes.     Thesi 

factors  involve  the  amount  of  water  usei 

in  the  apparatus. 

Efficiency    of    Liquor    as    a    Solven 
Determines    Amount   of   Water 
Supplied 


The  quantity  of  water  used  in  thi 
treatment  may  be  considered  fixed,  as  t( 
its  minimuin  limit,  by  the  saturatioi 
point  of  ferrous  sulphate  and,  as  to  it: 
maximum,  by  the  best  economic  ad 
justment  to  local  conditions.  In  gen 
eral,  the  water  supplied  the  absorber  i:  " 
reduced  to  the  smallest  quantity  con .  | 
sistent  with  the  practical  efficiency  o  ■ 
the  liquor  as  a  solvent.  Usually  fhi 
concentration  of  the  FeSO,  should  no 
be  more  than  25  per  cent,  of  its  safu 
ration  value  at  the  temperature  of  thi 
absorber  action.  In  our  experiments  W( 
used  ordinarily  an  amount  of  water  th-i 
gave  about  a  3'^  per  cent,  solutioi 
of  FeSO..  Stronger  concentrates  wer 
easily  procurable,  but  this  element  wa; 
not  a  factor  in  the  primary  tests,  an( 
was  reserved  for  consideration  in  futuri  ** 
tests.  ' 


December  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1167 


The  final  treatment  of  the  liquor  by 
evaporation  on  waste  ground  is  inex- 
pensive and  efficient.  The  evaporation 
is  rapid  on  account  of  the  original  heat 
of  the  liquid  and  the  thin  sheet  which  is 
spread  over  the  area.  With  a  depth  of 
three  inches,  tests  on  cold  water  in 
August,  in  Utah,  showed  an  average 
evaporation  of  over  one-fourth  of  an 
inch  per  day.  From  this  determination 
and  from  tests  on  a  smaller  scale  in  the 
laboratory  and  data  derived  from  other 
sources  an  average  of  one-fifth  of  an 
inch  per  day  is  taken  in  the  design  of 
the  plant. 

The  tests  reported  below  are  repre- 
sentatives of  experiments  instituted  to 
glean  some  conception  of  the  rate  of 
solubility  of  the  slag  and  indirectly  the 
quantity  of  excess  slag  necessary  in  the 
•peration  of  the  process. 

Solubility  Test  No.  1 

I  The  object  of  the  test  was  to  deter- 
mine the  relative  solubility  in  SO;  of 
slag  wool  and  crushed  spherules. 

The  slag,  wool  was  separated  from 
the  spherules  and  the  latter  crushed  to 
60  mesh  and  treated  at  the  same  time 
as  the  wool  with  SO:  liquor  of  the  same 
strength.  The  samples  were  agitated 
continuously  during  one  hour  without 
the  application  of  heat.  Analysis  of  the 
slag  wool  was  Fe.  40.55,  and  of  spher- 
ules, 41.62  per  cent. 

The  results  showed  an  extraction  after 
five  hours  of  93  per  cent,  of  the  iron  in 
the  slag  spherules  and  94  per  cent,  in 
the  wool. 

Test  No.  2 

The  object  of  the  test  was  to  determine 
the  solubility  of  ground  granulated  slag 
in  a  1  per  cent,  solution  of  SO...  The 
slag  was  granulated  by  dropping  molten 
slag  into  water,  then  ground  to  100 
mesh  and  treated  with  a  I  per  cent, 
solution  of  SO2  and  warmed,  after 
which  it  was  agitated.  The  solution  was 
not  strengthened  in  SO:  as  it  was  used 
up.  In  2)4  hours,  89.3  per  cent,  of 
the  iron  was  dissolved. 

The  residue  was  ground  and  treated 
for  3.I4  hours,  resulting  in  2  per  cent, 
additional  extraction,  making  a  total  ex- 
tiaction  of  91.3  per  cent. 

Test  on  Lead  Slag 

The  object  of  the  test  was  to  determine 
the  amount  of  residue  after  treating  lead 
^lag  with  a  I  per  cent,  solution  of  SO:. 
The  experiment  was  first  performed  on 
■^lag  chilled  and  ground  to  100  mesh. 
The  solution  was  placed  over  it  and 
slightly  warmed  without  agitation  for 
-      hours. 

A  second  test  was  run  on  unchilled 
slag  from  the  dump,  ground  to  100  mesh 
ind  treated   as  above   without  agitation. 

The   analysis    of   the    slag    was:    SiO:, 


35.3;  CaO,  23.4;  ZnO,  5.5,  and  FeO, 
35  per  cent.  After  2';.  hours  only 
3  per  cent.  remained  as  residue 
from  the  first  test  and  22  per  cent,  from 
the  second. 

Process    More    Successful    on    Blast- 
furnace Slags  Than  on  Reverber- 
ATORY  Slags 

The  experiments  do  not  closely  re- 
produce conditions  present  in  the  ab- 
sorber. The  reactions  are  necessarily 
much  slower,  for  the  same  conditions  of 
violent  agitation  and  constant  application 
of  heat  are  lacking,  but  they  serve  as  a 
starting  point  for  necessary  computa- 
tions in  the  design  of  a  plant.  In  gen- 
eral, blast-furnace  slag  is  more  easily 
soluble  than  reverberatory  slag,  perhaps 
because  ferric  oxide,  occurring  more  fre- 
quently in  reverberatory  slags,  forms  a 
slightly  less  soluble  silicate.  Free  quartz 
is  sometimes  a  constituent  of  reverber- 
atory slags;  this  of  course  remains  inert 
or  in  the  residue  after  the  smoke  treat- 
ment, and  consequently  lowers  the  de- 
gree of  concentration. 

Tower    Experiments 

Experiments  were  performed  with  a 
vertical  apparatus  consisting  of  two 
towers  27  and  50  ft.  high  with  shelves 
or  slats  introduced  to  break  up  the 
stream  of  falling  slag  and  the  smoke 
current.  In  this  case  gravity  is  the  force 
producing  movement  or  agitation.  The 
towers  were  connected  directly  to  a 
McDougall  furnace  roasting  about  40 
tons  per  day,  and  the  tests,  although 
not  the  first,  are  representative  of  one 
phase  of  the  smoke  process  where  slag 
wool  is  treated.  The  tests  were  on  a 
small  scale,  the  apparatus  handling  be- 
tween II  and  22  lb.  of  SO:  and  16  'o 
40  lb.  of  slag  per  hour.  The  experiments 
succeeding  these  were  on  a  much  larger 
scale,  for  then  we  had  to  consider  the 
treatment  of  about  23  pounds  of  SO:  a 
minute  or  the  whole  of  the  SO  gene- 
rated by  one  40-ton  roaster.  The  results 
show  a  relationship  between  the  absorp- 
tion and  the  temperature  and  volume  of 
the  gas.  The  absorption  is  also  a  function 
of  the  quality  of  wool  passing  through 
the  apparatus  and  the  amount  of  water. 

The  large  absorber  was  designed  to 
care  for  5000  cu.ft.  of  gas  per  min. 
of  4.5  per  cent.  SO,,  smoke.  This  ap- 
paratus was  in  the  form  of  a  horizontal 
rotating  cylinder,  provided  with  shelves 
ranged  about  its  interior  circumference. 
The  material  was  fed  by  means  of 
a  screw  conveyer,  the  water  passing  in 
at  the  same  time  and  place.  The  ex- 
hausted material  and  charged  liquor  were 
arawn  out  by  means  of  a  wooden  pump. 
The  smoke  entered  at  one  end  and  was 
drawn  through  the  apparatus  by  means 
of  an  induction  fan.  The  cylinder  was 
36  ft.  long  bv  12'<.  ft.  in  diameter  interior 
measurement.    The  outlet  of  the  cylinder 


was  connected  with  a  tower  60  ft.  high 
and  9  ft.  square,  which  from  time  to  time 
was  charged  with  wool  and  operated  in 
conjunction   with  the  rotating  cylinder. 

Efficiency  of  Process  Proved 

On  trial  it  was  found  that  the  appara- 
tus, while  of  ample  dimensions,  did  not 
distribute  the  material  through  the  smoke 
to  the  best  advantage  and,  further  than 
this,  it  was  not  strong  enough  to  care 
for  the  practcially  inert  material  in  the 
shape  of  spherules  and  the  excess  ma- 
terial which  it  was  found  necessary  to 
supply.  Only  for  very  brief  periods  in 
special  cases  could  we  charge  the  ap- 
paratus with  more  than  one-third  of  the 
slag  necessary  to  obtain  complete  ab- 
sorption. The  apparatus  was  merely  a 
tentative  design  for  the  operation  of  an 
altogether  new  process.  It  well  served 
to  demonstrate  the  efficiency  of  the  pro- 
cess of  absorption  on  a  fairly  large 
scale,  and  to  give  actual  data  on  which 
a  successful  apparatus  could  be  built. 

In  examining  the  record  of  the  test  it 
is  necessary  to  bear  in  mind  that  the 
efficiency  of  the  process  is  measured,  not 
so  much  by  the  percentage  of  the  total 
SO:  absorbed  from  the  smoke,  but  by 
the  quantity  of  SO:  absorbed  by  the  slag 
fed  to  the  apparatus.  In  considering 
the  amount  of  slag  we  must  eliminate 
about  two-thirds  of  the  total  amount  put 
in  since  it  is  only  the  wool,  which  was 
seldom  more  than  33  per  cent,  of  the 
product,  that  is  easily  soluble;  the  spher- 
ules having  been  slowly  acted  on.  The 
glaze  over  each  particular  spherule  and 
especially  the  size  of  the  spherules,  is 
explanatory  of  their  slow  solution. 

Examination  of  the  results  indicated 
that  under  the  conditions,  the  constant 
presence  of  over  100  per  cent,  excess 
available  slag  is  demanded  for  the 
elimination  of  43  per  cent,  of  the  sul- 
phur from  a  5  per  cent.  SO.,  smoke. 
As  the  gas  becomes  more  and  more 
dilute  it  is  probable,  from  general  con- 
siderations, that  if  the  reduction  of  a 
5  per  cent.  SO:  gas  to  a  2.85  per  cent, 
gas  requires  a  100  per  cent,  excess  of 
slag,  an  elimination  of  the  sulphur  to 
about  0. 15' per  cent.,  which  is  well  within 
a  safe  limit  of  dilution,  a  3200  per  cent, 
excess  is  required.  This  corresponds 
roughly  with  the  figure  5000  per  cent, 
excess  deduced  from  laboratory  experi- 
ment for  excess  "slag  required"  in  the 
design. 

My  connection  with  the  work  termin- 
ated before  the  data  derived  from  the 
tests  could  be  applied,  but  the  results  of 
the  experiments  definitely  established  the 
facts  that  the  principles  of  the  process 
are  substantial  and  that  they  applied 
quite  as  well  to  treatment  on  a  large 
scale  as  in  the  laboratory.  In  short  the 
work  demonstrated  that  the  smeltery- 
smoke  trouble  can  be  eliminated  with 
profit  to  the  smelter. 


1168 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


Extension    of    a    Colliery    Working    Shaft 

Details  of  Cost  and  Method  Used  in  Sinking  an  Old  Shaft,  Which  Was 
in  Constant  Use,  to  a  Lower  Level  without  Stopping  Mining  Operations 


B    Y 


M 


H    A     C    H    I    T    A* 


I 


Sinking  a  shaft  or  extending  an  old 
shaft  to  a  lower  level  is  a  common  occur- 
.  rence  in  the  coalfield,  but  to  extend  a 
shaft  which  is  in  constant  use,  without 
stopping  mining  operations,  as  the  Alden 
Coal  Company  did  at  Alden,  Penn.,  is 
quite  unusual. 

There  are  two  shafts.  No.  1  and  No.  2, 
on  the  property  of  the  Alden  Coal  Com- 
pany. The  No.  1  shaft,  which  is  bot- 
tomed in  the  Red  Ash  seam  or  the  low- 
est workable  bed,  was  sunk  early  in  the 
history  of  development.  The  area  trib- 
utary to  this  shaft  is  practically  exhaust- 
ed and  it  is  now  used  as  a  supply  shalt. 

The  No.  2  shaft,  which  is  about  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  from  No.  1  shaft,  was 
sunk  in  1893  to  the  Cooper  seam,  a  dis- 
tance of  616  feet.     The  beds  below  the 


this  total,  15  ft.  is  for  the  fan,  while  two 
compartments  of  7  ft.  1 '  j  in.  are  for 
cages,  and  one  compartment  of  3  ft.  5  in. 
is  for  pipes.  This  same  section  is  main- 
tained to  the  Cooper  seam,  but  the  15-ft. 
air  space  is  omitted  from  the  Cooper 
to  the  Red  Ash,  the  extended  portion  of 
the  shaft.  Fig.  1  shows  the  No.  2  shaft 
in  relation  to  the  gangway  roads  in  sev- 
eral seams.  From  the  Bennett  slope  at 
station  5500,  a  level  road  was  driven  to 
directly  under  the  No.  2  shaft,  a  distance 
of  150  ft.,  for  staking  out  the  shaft. 

The   Preliminary   Survey 

When  making  a  survey  it  was  found 
that  the  guides  at  the  foot  of  the  shaft 
were  not  in  true  position,  so  that  it  was 
necessary  to  plumb  the  guides   for   100 


that  it  closed  within  one-hundredth  of  a 
foot.  Owing  to  the  importance  of  great 
accuracy  required  in  this  work,  two  sim- 
ilar surveys  were  made  and  the  results 
of  these  were  identical  with  the  first  one. 
In  the  meantime,  the  place  was  squared 
up  and  made  ready  to  drive  the  shaft  up 
from  the  Bennett  seam,  a  distance  of  114 
feet. 

Details  of  Methods  Used  in  Raising 

Fig.  4  shows  the  plan  of  the  shaft  as 
laid  out  in  the  Bennett  seam.  From  the 
nearest  station,  corners  of  the  shaft  were 
staked  out,  and  at  each  of  these  corners 
a  hole  about  1  in.  in  diameter  and  3  ft. 
long  was  drilled,  as  shown  by  a,  b,  c 
and  d.  Pitch  of  these  holes  was  about 
6   deg.    dipping    in.     These    holes    were 


Fic.  1.   Showing  No.  2  Shaft  In  Relation 
To  Gangway  Roads 


je 6oopei^to-Red-Ash ', 

Tha  Enijinetnng  i  .Vininj  Jouiiwf 

Fig.  2.    Plan  of  Original  No.  2  Shaft 


Cooper  were  developed  through  tunnels 
and  g  rock  slope  from  the  Cooper,  but 
the  cost  of  operation  constantly  in- 
creased as  the  depth  of  the  mine  in- 
creased. To  effect  economy  in  the  In- 
side transportation  of  coal,  it  was  im- 
perative that  the  No.  2  shaft  should  be 
extended  to  the  Red  Ash  seam,  yet  the 
company  could  not  afford  to  stop  opera- 
tions. In  the  latter  part  of  1908,  the 
company  adopted  the  following  plan: 
The  shaft  to  be  driven  up  from  the  Ben- 
nett to  the  Cooper  seam,  and  sunk  from 
the  Bennett  to  the  Red  Ash  bed. 

Fig.  2  shows  the  plan  of  the  original 
No.  2  shaft,  the  dimensions  of  which  are 
12  ft.  by  34  ft.  8  in.  rock  clearance;  of 


•Mining  onu'lnoer,  with  I.cIiIkIi   Viillcv  f'oal 
f'ompiiny.    WIIkoH-Harro.    I'enn. 


ft.  from  the  foot,  as  shown  in  Fig.  3.  An 
instrument  was  set  up  at  station  P  and 
sighted  to  A  and  B,  the  plumb  lines  of 
tne  guides,  and  the  distances  P  A  and  P  B 
were  measured.  In  the  same  way,  the 
instrument  was  set  up  at  the  station  P  P, 
and  the  observations  were  taken  as  be- 
fore. These  observations  were -traversed 
and  the  coordinate  values  of  A  and  B  were 
calculated.  From  these  data,  the  azimuth 
A  B  was  obtained;  consequently,  the  co- 
ordinate values  of  the  corners  of  the 
shaft  C  D  E  and  F  were  accurately  de- 
termined. Then  a  survey  was  made  from 
the  foot  of  the  shaft  to  the  Bennett  seam 
directly  under  the  shaft,  a  distance  of 
2280  ft.,  and  then  surveyed  back  to  the 
place  of  beginning.  The  survey  was 
traversed   and    its   calculations      showed 


carefully  cleaned  and  measured,  and  into 
them  iron  rods  4  ft.  long  were  inserted, 
and  the  corners  of  the  shaft  were  marked 
on  these  rods.  Each  hole  had  its  own 
rod,  and  these  rods  were  placed  in  tht 
holes  only  when  the  shaft  was  plumbed. 
The  shaft  was  plumbed  at  every  cut; 
the  four  corners  of  the  shaft  were  used 
for  a  manway  and  for  ventilation.  This 
was  effected  by  means  of  timbering,  as 
shown  by  e,  f,  g  and  h.  Fig.  4.  The 
length  of  these  timbers-was  from  8  to  10 
ft.  and  they  were  10  in.  in  diameter.  The 
loose  rock  was  placed  within  the  timbers. 
The  space  between  two  sticks  varied  from 
2'<  to  5  ft.  center  to  center,  much  de- 
pending upon  the  size  of  the  rock.  DogS 
were  driven  in  the  middle  of  each  timber 
which  enabled  the  workmen  to  climb  uf 


i 


December  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1169 


the  shaft.  These  dogs  were  placed  in  the 
under  side  of  the  sticks  so  that  the  fall- 
ing rocks  would  not  interfere. 

Shaft  Raised  96  Feet  in  Four  Months 

Fig.  5  shows  the  side  elevation  of  the 
shaft  titween  the  Cooper  and  Bennett 
seams.  The  shaft  was  driven  up  within 
18  ft.  of  the  bottom  in  the  Cooper  bee. 
At  this  point  the  upraising  was  stopped 
and  the  face  was  securely  timbered  with 
sticks  12  in.  in  diameter,  as  shown  in  Fig. 
5.  Then  the  face  of  the  shaft  and  the 
Cooper  seam  were  connected  by  a  hole 
2  ft.  in  diameter,  for  the  rope.  The  loose 
rock  was  thrown  down  the  manway  to 
the  Bennett  seam  and  then   loaded  into 


termined  by  the  iron  rods  shown  in  Fig. 
4.  The  lines  for  sinking  were  placed  at 
the  corners  of  the  first  timber  at  this 
level.  This  was  affected  by  small  tri- 
angular pieces  of  wood  nailed  at  each 
corner,  as  shown  in  Fig.  6.  A  |A-in.  hole 
was  drilled  in  each  of  these  blocks  2  in. 
from  each  side;  through  these  holes  cop- 
per wires  were  hung  and  a  12-lb.  plumb- 
bob,  made  of  car  a.\le,  was  attached  to 
the  end  of  each  wire;  the  other  ends  of 
the  wires  were  fastened  to  reels  on  the 
timber.  By  this  means  the  lines  were 
conveniently  handled.  When  firing,  the 
plumb-bobs  were  raised  sufficiently  high 
to  prevent  their  injury  by  flying  rock. 
Fig.  7  shows  the  section  of  the  shaft  as 


Fig.  3.   Plan  of  Survey  at  Foot  of 
Shaft  in  Coofer  Seam 


^^         Iron  i'iu 


Tlic  Unginteritia  ^  Mln(nfJ'aumai 

Fig.  5.    Side  Elevation  of  Shaft  from 
Bennett  to  Cooper  Seam 


P^ 


Hole 

WD1». 


Hull- 


Holu 
-Sl'Dla 


Hoi 
'■S'DIa, 


ic.  4.  Plan  OF  Shaft  IN  Bennett  Seam     Fig.   6.     Plan    of   Shaft   at   Bennett 


AS  It  Was  Raised  to  Cooper  Bed 

irs.  Part  of  this  rock  was  disposed  of 
the  old  workings  and  part  hoisted  up. 
lis  part  of  the  shaft  was  timbered  as 
e  loose  rock  was  removed.  The  work 
mmenced  Feb.  1,  1909.  The  shaft  was 
ised  96  ft.,  timbered  and  cleared  of  all 
ose  rock  in  four  months.  The  men 
larked  three  shifts  a  day,  with  six  men 
r  shift. 

f-'ig.  6  shows  the  plan  of  the  shaft  at 

Bennett  level.     From  this  seam,  the 

t  was  sunk  as  usual  to  the  Red  Ash 

J;  the  corners  of  the  shaft  were  de- 


Seam  as  It  Was  Sunk  to  Red  Ash  Bed 

sunk  from  the  Bennett  seam.  The  rock 
was  hoisted  to  the  Bennett  level  by  the 
old  slope  engines  located  outside.  The 
rope  was  brought  down  in  the  pipe  com- 
partment of  the  shaft,  thence  through  the 
2-ft.  holes,  as  shown  in  the  sketch. 
Two  sheave  wheels,  6  ft.  in  diameter, 
were  placed  between  the  Cooper  and  the 
Bennett  seams  to  center  the  rope.  A 
platform  was  built  at  the  Bennett  level 
to  handle  the  rock  bucket.  The  bucket 
was  hoisted  a  little  above  the  platform;  it 
was  then  hooked  to  a  chain   which  was 


fastened  on  the  side  of  the  shaft.  When 
the  rope  was  slacked,  the  bucket  was 
brought  directly  over  the  car  and  dumped 
into  it.  The  sketch  shows  a  dumping  po- 
sition of  the  bucket.  When  the  sinking 
was  completed,  the  18-ft.  barrier  rock  at 
the  old  foot  in  the  Cooper  seam  was  re- 
moved from  the  top.  The  two  shafts  were 
thus  connected.  They  met  exactly  in  the 
line  as  they  were  originally  planned,  the 


Foot  of  Uld 


Elev.  i-  49 


Cooper 


Bottom  Red  Ash ' 

Tk»  iinyi>i««rvifi  ^  Mining  Jmirt 

Fig.  7.    Showing  Section  of  Shaft  as 
Sunk  from  the  Bennett  Seam 

error   of   closure   being   practically   neg- 
ligible. 

Timber  Used 

The  timber  used  was  8xl0-in.  yel- 
low pine.  There  are  in  all  248  sets  of 
timber  set  in  the  new  part  of  the  shaft. 
Clanny   and   Wolf   lamps   were   used    in 


1170 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


this  work,  as  the  mine  generated  con- 
siderable gas.  The  work  was  therefore 
somewhat  retarded  by  the  use  of  safety 
lamps. 

The  contract  price  per  yard  for  raising 
and  sinking  the  shaft  was  S98.  The  con- 
tact price  per  set  of  timber  was  S13.  The 
total  amount  paid  contractor  on  accoum 
of  yardage  was  317,339.33.  The  total 
amount  paid  contractor  on  account  of  248 
sets  of  timber  was  ^53224.  Miscellaneous 
amounts  paid  contractor  totaled  S2739.31, 
making  a  grand  total  expenditure  of 
$23,302.64.  The  total  cost  per  yard, 
therefore,  was  $129.22. 

The  shaft  work  was  started  Feb.  1. 
1909,  and  completed  September  1,  1910. 
Total  depth  of  the  new  shaft  is  541  ft. 
The  grand  total  depth  of  the  No.  2  shaft 
is  1157  ft.  The  average  monthly  progress 
was  28'/J   feet. 

Credit  must  be  given  to  the  engineer, 
William  Norton,  who  planned  and  de- 
signed the  shaft  and  who  had  only  two 
breaker  boys  for  his  help  when  he  made 
the  surveys  and  staked  out  for  the  new 
shaft.  To  the  contractor,  Francis  Poole, 
and  John  Turner,  the  inside  superintend- 
ent of  mines,  under  whose  guidance  the 
shaft  was  completed  without  an  accident, 
much  credit  also   is  due. 


Evidence  Concering   the  Starkville 
Mine  Explosion 


Special  Correspondence 


Much  interesting  information  has  been 
brought  out  by  the  coroner's  jury  investi- 
gating the  cause  of  the  Starkville  ex- 
plosion. The  Starkville  mine  is  one  of 
the  properties  belonging  to  the  Colorado 
Fuel  and  Iron  Company;  the  operation 
is  situated  near  Trinidad,  Colo.,  and  the 
explosion  occurred  Oct.  8. 

The  evidence  submitted  shows  that  the 
mine  was  not  properly  sprinkled  and  that 
the  dust  lay  between  the  tracks  in  the 
main  haulageway,  several  inches  deep.  It 
was  brought  out  in  the  investigation  that 
a  short  circuit,  or  spark,  from  the  trolley 
wire  ignited  the  dust  raised  by  the  de- 
railment of  a  trip  of  cars  entering  the 
mine,  and  probably  caused  the  explosion. 
Superintendent  Thompson  declared  that 
in  his  opinion  the  first  1 1  men  had  been 
instantly  killed  by  the  explosion,  while 
the  remaining  45  miners  died  from  the 
effect  of  afterdamp.  Mr.  Thompson  also 
stated  that  prior  to  the  explosion,  he  had 
thought  the  mine  sufficiently  sprinkled, 
but  since  the  accident  he  had  changed  his 
opinion. 

The  most  damaging  testimony  against 
the  company  was  submitted  by  a  motor- 
man  and  a  trip-rider. 

The  motor-driver  declared  that  between 
the  entries  C — 1  and  K — 1  it  was  not  nec- 
essary to  sprinkle  the  mine  because  there 
was  plenty  of  natural  moisture.  He 
stated,  however,  that  the  rest  of  the  mine 


Vvas  dusty,  and  that  at  times,  the  dust 
was  so  dense  in  the  mine  that  on  his  trip 
out  he  could  not  see  the  light  on  the  cap 
of  the  trip-rider  a  few  car  lengths  behind 
him;  also  that  the  water  tanks  used  for 
sprinkling  held  300  and  700  gal.  respec- 
tively, but  that  only  one-third  of  this 
water  was  used  for  sprinkling.  The  tes- 
timony of  the  trip-rider  corroborated  that 
given  by  the  motorman  in  practically  all 
details,  with  the  additional  fact  that  no 
particular  orders  were  issued  for  sprink- 
ling, but  that  the  men  used  their  own 
judgment   in  the   matter. 


it  is  only  fair  to  say  that  the  usual  coal 
train  on  the  Virginian  Railway  has  a 
gross  weight  of  at  least  5800  tons,  of 
which  about  4000  tons  is  generally  coal. 


French  View  of  American  Railway 
Haulage* 


The  great  weight  of  the  American 
trains  is  one  of  the  peculiarities  of  their 
practice,  especially  when  they  have  an 
important  traffic  of  coal  or  ores.  Upon 
the  railroads  in  Virginia,  where  the 
grades  are  easy  and  where  they  have 
powerful  locomotives  for  the  hauling,  a 
train  weighing  8160  tons  has  been  drawn 
by  a  Mallet  locomotive;  this  train  was 
composed  of  120  steel  cars,  each  of 
which  carried  50  tons  and  which,  when 
loaded,  weighed  68  tons.  The  engine 
weighed  145  tons  and  the  tender  70  tons, 
which  makes  the  groSS  weight  of  the  en- 
tire train  8375  tons. 

The  ordinary  coal  train  upon  this  rail- 
road consists  of  80  cars,  which  carry 
4000  tons  and  which  weigh  complete 
5520  tons;  to  this  weight  must  be  added 
IG  tons  for  the  caboose,  122  tons  for  the 
locomotive  and  72  tons  for  the  tender, 
giving  a  gross  weight  of  7620  tons.  The 
locomotives  of  these  trains  weigh  145 
tons,  of  which  110  tons  rests  upon  the 
driving  wheels.  The  diameter  of  these  is 
1.45  m.  The  cylinders  are  0.61  m.  in 
diameter,  and  have  0.762  m.  stroke.  The 
fire  box  has  4.74  sq.m.  of  grate  sur- 
face and  4.21  sq.m.  of  fire  (or  heating) 
surface.  Frequently  these  weights  are 
exceeded  and  go  upward  of  7000  tons. 
The  speed  of  these  trains  toward  the  port 
0,'  shipping,  distance  about  200  km.,  aver- 
ages 24  km.  per  hour,  including  stops. 

On  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  a  train 
of  105  cars  (steel)  has  been  drawn  bear- 
ing 5000  tons  of  coal,  which,  with  the 
engine  and  cars,  weighed  complete  6900 
tons.  This  train  ran  205  km.  in  7  hours. 
Upon  this  same  road  they  often  run 
trains  of  a  gross  weight  of  4350 -to  5800 
tons.  Upon  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  the  record  train  con- 
sisted of  100  steel  cars,  which  were 
loaded  with  iron  ore  and  weighed  com- 
plete 6700  tons;  this  train  ran  108  km. 
with  an  average  speed  of  20  km.  per 
hour.  In  certain  cases  the  employment 
of  these  enormous  trains  follows  a  con- 
gestion of  traffic  in  certain  districts,  but 


Must  Extract  All  the  Coal  or  Pay 
Damages 

Special  Correspondence 

An  important  suit  involving  an  unset- 
tled question  has  just  been  settled  by  the 
Putnam  circuit  court  at  Greene  Castle, 
Indiana. 

The  suit  grew  out  of  the  abandonment 
of  a  mine,  and  the  term  over  which  the 
suit  was  contested  was  "minable  coal." 
No  previous  suit  has  ever  defined  what 
the  term  "minable  coal"  meant,  and  as  a 
consequence  the  suit  was  unique. 

The  Vandalia  Coal  Company  purchased 
a  mine  from  W.  \V.  Ray,  paying  S45,000 
for  the  mine  and  leases.  The  lease  pro- 
vided that  all  "minable  soal"  must  be 
mined  and  that  the  minimum  royalty  per 
annum  would  be  S600  on  the  40-acre  tract. 
There  was  a  seam  of  good  block  coal  rang- 
ing from  2'/.-  ft.  to  3'/;  ft.,  and  the  company 
only  mined  10  acres  when  it  abandoned 
the  mine.  The  plaintiff  asserted  that  it 
is  now  impossible  to  mine  the  balance  of 
the  coal  and  that  the  lease  was  violated. 

The  case  was  in  court  several  years, 
and  the  judgment  favors  the  plaintiff  for 
the  amount  of  the  royalty  due  the  owner 
from  1907  to  1919,  at  the  rate  of  S600  a 
year.  This  decision  will  doubtless  serve 
as  a  precedent  in  such  cases.  A  coal- 
mining company  in  Indiana  must  pay 
royalty  and  damages  when  it  fails  to  ex- 
tract all  the  coal  from  leased  land. 


Mine  Explosion    in  Kentucky 


A  serious  explosion  occurred  in  the  No. 
3  mine  of  the  Providence  Mining  Com- 
pany, operating  near  Providence,  Ky.,  on 
Nov.  25.  The  mine  is  a  new  one,  the 
shaft  being  100  ft.  in  depth,  and  the  un- 
derground development  work  consisting 
of  only  a  few  short  entries.  As  a  result  of 
the  disaster,  1 1  coal  miners  were  en- 
tombed in  the  mine.  A  rescue  train  from 
the  Mine  Rescue  Station  at  Linton,  Ind., 
hurried  to  the  mine  immediately  after  the 
accident,  and  rescue  work  was  started  at 
once. 


♦Trnnslndnn    from    tlip    Prncrnlinii.i   of    llii' 
ronc'Ii    InsdtntP  of  Civil    Kn^lnoi'i-s. 


Coal  areas  covering  about  90  square 
miles  underlying  Ground-Hog  mountain 
on  the  Upper  Skeena,  British  Columhi<i, 
have  been  staked  for  the  Crows  Nest 
Pass  Coal  Company,  the  National  Fi- 
nance Company,  of  Vancouver,  a'^d  a 
Winnipeg  syndicate.  This  area  is  said 
to  be  better  than  the  Crows  Nest  Pass 
district.  A  charter  is  being  applied  for 
from  the  Britisli  Columbia  government 
for  the  construction  of  a  railway  from 
Hazelton  into  the  new  coalfield. 


December  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING   JOURNAL 


1171 


Repair    Work    in    Colliery    Practice 

A  Little  Common  Sense  and  a  Knowledge  of  Portable  Tools  Will  Fre- 
quently Save  a   Colliery  from  a  Serious  Shutdown  and  Loss  of  Output 

b"^^^^       JAMES       A^       S  E  A  G  E  R  ^^ 


The  duties  of  the  engineer  in  charge 
of  the  mechanical  equipment  of  a  colliery 
are  varied  and  interesting,  and  in  many 
cases  he  is  called  upon  to  execute  re- 
pairs on  the  spot  with  the  best  means  at 
his  command  in  order  to  save  time  and 
labor,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  transport, 
which  would  be  necessary  if  a  broken  or 
faulty  part  had  to  be  taken  out  of  the 
pit  and  transported  to  the  nearest  work- 
shop, where  an  adequate  equipment  or 
tools  was  to  be  found.  Large  groups  of 
,  jollieries  have,  of  course,  their  own  work 
shops,  situated  in  a  convenient  position 
to  deal  with  repair  work  from  the  var- 
ious pits,  but  in  the  case  of  the  smaller 
:ollieries,  especially  when  these  are  sit- 
lated  long  distances  from  any  manufac- 
uring  town,  the  engineer  is  frequently 
:alled  upon  to  exercise  his  ingenuity  and 
0  get  over  trouble  by  means  and  meth- 
ids  that  would  hardly  appeal  to  a  man 
vho  was  surrounded  with  uptodate 
quipment  in  modern  engineering  works, 
t  is  from  the  point  of  view  of  showing 
he  amount  of  self-reliance  which  a  col- 
ery  engineer  must  have,  even  in  his  or- 
inary  and  routine  work,  and  not  with 
ny  idea  that  the  best  methods  of  over- 
oming  the  troubles  are  indicated,  that 
le  following  notes  are  written. 

Rough  and  Ready  Repairs 

A  large  amount  of  the  repair  work  in 
Dliiery  practice  may  be  classed  under 
le  term  of  rough  and  ready  millwright- 
ig,  and  this  is  the  phase  of  the  sub- 
!Ct  which  it  is  proposed  to  deal  with  in 
lis  article.  For  example,  breakdowns 
'  the  gear  wheels  of  haulage  systems, 
jmps,  etc.,  in  colliery  work  are  fairly 
equent  and  a  case  in  point  was  that  of 

large  gear  wheel  in  the  main  haulage 

one  colliery  which,  owing  to  a  sudden 
!cck,  broke  away  two  of  its  teeth  at 
fferent  places  on  its  circumference.    As 

was  urgently  necessary  to  get  this  main 

lulage  going  again  as  quickly  as  possi- 

inasmuch  as  the  pit  working  was  dis- 

:.d  while  the  haulage  was  out  of  ac- 

iii,  the  engineer  in  charge  of  the  work 

once  gave  orders  to  the  forge  to  take 

0  steel  blanks  and  forge  them  up  to  the 
'iproxiiTiate  shape  of  one  of  the  teeth, 
iving  an  extension  at  one  end  to  pro- 
le a  root  in  the  rim  of  the  wheel.  These 
iJth    after    forging    were    then    chipped 

d  filed  up  to  the  exact  shape  of  one 

the  sound  teeth  and  the  extension  at 

?  root  was  made  into  a  dovetail.     The 

1  of  the  wheel  was  then  chipped  out 

■  wcastlc-on-Tyne.   Englaiul. 


carefully  in  order  to  fit  the  dovetail  ex- 
actly and  the  forged-steel  teeth  were 
then  driven  into  place. 

In  order  to  make  sure  that  the  vibra- 
tion and  continuous  working  did  not 
cause  the  teeth  either  to  edge  out  side- 
ways or  to  cant  over  and  break  away  the 
rim  of  the  wheel,  two  holes  were  drilled 
right  through  the  teeth  and  the  rim  of 
the  wheel,  as  shown  in  the  accompany- 
ing sketch.  These  holes  were  counter- 
sunk at  the  top,  that  is  to  say,  at  the  tip 
of  the  teeth,  and  bolts  with  countersunk- 
heads  were  fitted  to  the  holes  and  drawn 
up  tight  by  means  of  nuts  on  the  inside 
of  the  rim.  This  repair  answered  satis- 
factorily and  became  a  permanent  job,  al- 
thought  it  was  at  first  only  intended  as  a 
temporary  repair  until  a  new  gear  wheel 
could  be  obtained.  The  expense  of  this, 
however,  induced  the  engineer  to  let  the 
gear  wheel  run  permanently  as  it  seemed 
to  answer  satisfactorily.  The  only  pre- 
caution that  was  taken  in  subsequent 
running  was  to  be  careful  at  any  time 
when  the  engine  was  put  into  gear  with 
a  heavy  load  on  it. 

Breakdown     Caused    by     Reversing 
Haulage  Engine 

A  somewhat  similar  breakdown  to  the 
above,  occurring  on  a  lighter  haulage 
which  was  periodically  reversed,  may  be 
mentioned  in  order  to  show  an  alternative 
method  of  getting  over  this  trouble,  and 
also  to  illustrate  a  rough  and  ready  de- 
vice for  automatically  checking  too  vio- 
lent usage  of  such  gear.  The  breakdown 
occurred  owing  to  reversing  the  haulage 
engine  with  full  steam  on,  and  the  result 
of  this  sudden  change  of  load  was  that 
several  teeth  were  broken  out  of  the  rim 
of  the  gear  wheel.  The  power  trans- 
mitted in  this  case  was  not  so  heavy  as 
the  one  previously  mentioned,  and  there- 
fore it  was  judged  to  be  sufficiently  sat- 
isfactory to  chip  and  file  the  broken  teeth 
down  till  they  were  flush  with  the  rim. 
Then  a  series  of  holes  were  drilled  and 
tapped  into  the  rim  along  the  edge  of  the 
former  tooth  in  each  case.  Steel  studs 
were  then  prepared  and  screwed  at  one 
end  so  that  they  made  a  very  tight 
fit  into  the  tapped  holes  and  were  then 
screwed  into  place  by  means  of  putting 
a  square  head  on  each  stud  to  fit  a  span- 
ner, this  square  head  being  subsequent- 
ly cut  away.  When  these  studs  had  been 
screwed  very  tightly  into  place,  as  shown 
in  Fig.  2,  they  were  filed  up  to  the  shape 
of  the  other  teeth  on  the  gear  wheel  with 
a  heavy  file  and  with  some  care;  it  was 


found  that  the  teeth  thus  formed  were 
sufficiently  strong  to  take  up  their  duty. 
In  order,  however,  to  prevent  a  sudden 
and  heavy  strain  being  put  upon  the  gear, 
inasmuch  as  it  wis  altogether  unneces- 
sary to  reverse  the  engine  at  full  power, 
a  brass  plate  was  cut  and  a  hole  about 
the  area  of  the  valve  was  drilled  in  its 
center.  This  plate  was  then  placed  be- 
tween the  flange  of  the  steam  pipe  lead- 
ing to  the  engine  and  the  flange  to  the 
stop  valve  on  the  engine,  and  the  result 
was  that  whenever  any  extra-heavy  de- 
mand was  made  on  the  engine  as  when 
the  man  in  charge  tried  to  reverse  with 
full  steam,  the  head  of  steam  was 
throttled  and  the  engine  worked  on  con- 
siderably under  its  normal  full  power. 
The  throttling,  of  course,  ceased  as  soon 
as  the  engine  was  running  steadily  in 
either  direction  so  that  there  was  no  loss 
of  speed  on  the  haulage  except  on  the 
beginning  and  end  of  the  haul.  This  pre- 
caution was  found  to  work  satisfactorily 
in  practice  and  prevented  the  damage 
which  iriight  have  been  frequently  caused 
through  the  handling  of  the  engine  by  a 
man  who  did  not  know  much  about  it, 
and  whose  main  idea  was  to  get  the  haul- 
age working  with  as  small  amount  of 
trouble  to  himself  as  he  could  manage. 

Another  Method  of  Supplying  Teeth 
TO  A  Cogwheel 

While  upon  the  subject  of  millwright- 
ing  work  of  this  description,  a  further 
example  of  the  way  in  which  trouble  due 
to  broken  teeth  was  overcome  may  be  of 
interest.  In  this  case  the  cogwheel  was 
of  similar  diameter  and  transmitted  heavy 
power.  The  whole  wheel  was  of  a  solid 
description  as  will  be  seen  by  the  sketch 
Fig.  3,  and  a  sound  repair  was  required  in 
order  to  enable  it  to  work  properly.  The 
way  in  which  this  was  effected  was  to 
trim  the  broken  teeth  down  flush  with  the 
root  and  then  to  cut  a  square  radial  chan- 
nel at  each  side  of  the  rim  as  shown, 
making  the  channel  the  same  breadth 
throughout  as  the  width  of  the  teeth  at 
its  root.  A  piece  of  wrought  iron  was 
then*  obtained  and  slotted  so  as  to  slide 
over  the  web  of  the  wheel  and  leaving 
two  projections  to  fit  down  into  the  square 
channels  cut  in  the  rim.  This  was  driven 
down  into  the  place  on  the  rim  and  the 
piojecting  portion  formed  a  blank  which 
was  chipped  and  filed  to  the  shape  of  the 
teeth  on  the  cogwheel. 

The  next  step  was  to  make  sure  that 
this  improvised  tooth  would  not  fiy  out  or 
shift  in  action  and  by  means  of  a  portable 


1172 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10.  1910. 


drill  a  hole  was  put  through  the  project- 
ing tongues  of  the  new  tooth  and  the  rim 
of  the  wheel  with  which  they  meshed  as 
shown.  This  hole  was  then  countersunk 
at  either  side  and  a  piece  of  round  iron 
obtained  of  the  same  size  as  the  hole. 
This  iron  was  then  heated  white  hot, 
driven  quickly  into  the  hole,  and  before 
cool  hammered  over  at  each  end  so  as  to 
form  a  rivet.  Its  subsequent  contraction 
on  cooling  drew  the  whole  of  the  repair 
together  so  firmly  that  no  amount  of 
heavy  stress  to  which  the  cogwheel  was 
subsequently  subjected  was  able  to  dis- 
place the  tooth  in  the  slightest  degree. 

Repairing  a  Belt  Pulley 

Air  compressors  and  pumps  form  part 
of  the  colliery  equipment  which  require 
careful  inspection  and  maintenance,  and 
here  again  it  occasionally  happens  that  a 
certain  amount  of  ingenuity  has  to  be  dis- 
played in  getting  a  speedy  and  safe  re- 
pair. An  instance  of  this  occurred  in 
connection  with  a  belt  pulley  which  was 
employed  in  connection  with  a  ram  pump- 
ing plant,  driven  from  an  electric  motor. 
For  some  reason  or  other,  probably  due  to 
too  sudden  a  start  on  a  heavy  head,  two 
arms  of  the  belt  pulley  broke  away  close 
to  the  rim.  This  was  an  awkward  oc- 
currence inasmuch  as  the  pump  was  em- 
ployed in  unwatering  the  mine  and  it  was 
essential  that  it  should  be  got  away  again 
before  the  water  had  made  any  consider- 
able headway.  Under  the  circumstances 
there  was  no  time  to  spare  in  ordering  a 
new  pulley  and  getting  it  into  place  so 
that  the  best  repair  possible  had  to  be 
made. 

In  order  to  do  this  the  arrangement 
shown  in  the  sketch.  Fig.  3.  was  adopted. 
Half-inch  holes  were  drilled  through  the 
arms  that  were  broken  and  four  pieces  of 
iron  plate  were  heated  in  the  forge  and 
bent  as  closely  as  possible  to  the  shape  of 
the  arms.  At  one  end  they  lapped  over 
so  as  to  form  flanges  for  attachment  to 
the  rim.  They  were  then  placed  in  posi- 
tion as  shown  and  holes  drilled  through 
them  to  correspond  with  the  holes  in  the 
arms,  and  a  bolt  passed  through  to  hold 
the  plate  in  position  during  the  operation 
of  drilling  holes  in  the  side  flanges  for 
bolts  which  drew  the  two  plates  together 
in  each  case.  When  a  muff  had  thus  been 
formed  round  the  actual  crack,  the  flanges 
at  right  angles  which  were  in  contact 
with  the  rim  of  the  wheel  were  then  at- 
tended to.  Holes  were  drilled  in  the 
flanges  of  the  plate  passing  through  the 
rim  of  the  wheel  and  the  rim  was  taplied 
to  receive  studs  which  were  passed 
through  the  flanges  on  the  other  side  and 
screwed  tightly  into  place.  This  completed 
a  solid  repair,  and  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
bolts  on  each  side  of  the  arm  together 
with  the  substance  of  the  iron  plates  took 
up  the  drive  without  imposing  much  strain 
on  the  actual  material  of  the  broken  arms 
of  the  pulley. 


Repair  to  Bed  Plate  of  Compressor 
Engine 

As  a  final  example  of  a  long  range  of 
accidents  and  repair  work  which  a  col- 
liery engineer  has  to  undertake  may  be 
mentioned  a  repair  which  was  made  to  the 
bed  plate  of  an  air-compressor  engine 
which  was  broken.  The  reason  of  this 
fracture  was  that  the  holding-down  bolts 
of  the  bed  plate  were  slacked  and  suffi- 
cient care  had  not  been  taken  in  the  ori- 
ginal installation  of  the  plant  to  insure 
that  a  permanently  satisfactory  founda- 
tion had  been  prepared.  This  by  the  way 
is   a   frequent   cause   of   trouble   in   col- 


Kivet 


Fig.  4 


.#1 


Fig.   5  ,     . 

SHO^xINC   Simple   Methods  of  Making 
Miscellaneous  Repairs 

lieries.  It  is  far  too  often  the  case  that 
either  no  foundation  at  all  is  prepared  ex- 
cept the  ordinary  floor,  in  which  case  the 
frame  work  of  the  plant  has  itself  to  take 
up  the  strain  due  to  unequal  pressure,  or 
when  this  has  been  thought  of  to  some  ex- 
tent a  couple  of  balks  of  timber  are  laid 
down  and  the  plant  placed  upon  this. 
This  latter  provision  answers  for  a  time, 
but  the  constant  working  of  the  plant  has 
a  tendency  to  cause  the  balks  to  move, 
and  in  a  damp  mine  it  will  be  found  that 
such  balks  first  swell,  throwing  the  plant 


out  of  line,  and  ultimately  rot,  in  which 
latter  case  the  last  condition  of  the  plant 
is  even  worse  than  if  it  had  been  laid 
directly  on  the  floor.  It  will  repay  the 
tiouble  if  a  properly  formed  concrete 
block  is  put  down  for  such  plant  but  this 
is  a  provision  which  is  rarely  made  with 
any  collieries. 

In  this  particular  instance  the  result  of 
insufficient  protection  was  that  the  bed 
plate  between  the  steam  cylinder  and  the 
crank  bearings  was  cracked  completely 
through,  which  put  the  plant  entirely  out 
of  action.  The  bedplate  was  of  a  rec- 
tangular description  as  shown  roughly  in 
the  sketch,  and  at  the  point  of  fracture  it 
was  decided  to  place  heavy  patches  of 
thick  steel  plate  (boiler  plate)  with  stud 
bolts  screwed  in  tight  at  frequent  inter- 
vals as  shown  in  the  sketch.  This  in  it- 
self was  insufficient,  even  with  careful 
packing  of  the  frame  from  the  floor  in 
order  to  distribute  the  weight  evenly,  in- 
asmuch as  there  was  considerable  strain 
backward  and  forward  at  each  reversal  of 
stroke;  in  order  to  overcome  this  fault, 
two  long  stays  of  round  bar  iron  were  se- 
cured some  8  in.  longer  than  the  total 
length  of  the  compressor  frame.  These 
were  screwed  at  both  ends  and  nuts  f.tted. 
Two  heavy  plates  exceeding  the  width  of 
the  bed  plate  were  then  obtained  and 
holes  drilled  in  them  so  that  the  threaded 
stays  which  were  passed  through  them, 
lay  close  against  the  side  of  the  bed  plate. 
In  this  position  the  nuts  were  tightened 
up  and  the  heavy  plates  in  this  way  drew 
the  ends  of  the  frame  together  and  took 
up  any  reciprocating  strain.  This  repair 
proved  entirely  satisfactory  and  the  en- 
gine is  still  running  without  displacement 
and  doing  its  full  amount  of  work. 

The  above  examples  of  repair  work  do 
not  by  any  means  include  the  whole  range 
of  trouble  which  may  be  anticipated  in 
colliery  practice,  but  they  are  sufficient 
to  indicate  that  the  engineer  has  con- 
stantly to  keep  his  wits  about  him  in  or- 
der to  safeguard  the  interests  of  his  em- 
ployers. Frequently  the  work  is  of  a 
heavy  and  rough  description,  but  it  is 
none  the  less  valuable  on  that  account, 
and  an  ounce  of  common  sense  and  a 
knowledge  of  portable  tools  has  frequently 
saved  the  colliery  from  a  breakdown, 
which  quite  apart  from  the  cost  of  re- 
pair, would  have  meant  hundreds  of  dol- 
lars damage  in  loss  of  time  of  the  pit  men 
and  diminution  of  output.  For  this  rea- 
son it  is  hoped  that  these  practical  notes 
may  be  of  interest. 


The  consumption  of  nitrate  of  soda  in 
the  world  for  the  first  eight  months  of 
1010  amounted  to  2,125,232  tons, 
against  1,718.270  tons  for  1909.  This 
breaks  the  record,  according  to  consular 
reports.  The  increase  in  August  amount- 
ed to  13  per  cent,  over  the  same  month 
for  last  year. 


December  10,  1910. 


iHE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1173 


PERS  ONAL 


Mining;  mid  mi'lallurgical  ensincers  are  in- 
vited to  Iceop  Thk  I:nginekuixi;  ani>  Mimn^: 
joriiNAi,  informed  of  their  movements  and 
appointments. 

R.  H.  Toll,  of  Denver,  is  at  San  Diego, 
Cal.,  where  he  will  remain  until  near  the 
holidays. 

R.  Van  Cutsem,  of  London,  is  inspect- 
ing the  Porcupine  camp  with  a  view  to 
investing. 

J.  B.  Tyrrell,  mining  engineer,  of  To- 
ronto, has  opened  a  branch  office  in  Por- 
cupine, Ontario. 

E.  E.  Kirby  expects  to  visit  New  York 
about  the  end  of  December.  At  present 
he  is  in  California. 

Charles  K.  Davis,  of  Baltimore,  has 
gone  to  Chile  as  general  foreman  for  the 
Braden  Copper  Company. 

Frederick  G.  Clapp,  of  Pittsburg,  has 
gone  back  to  continue  examinations  in 
the  northern  Ohio  gasfields. 

Lester  W.  Strauss  is  making  profes- 
sional investigations  in  the  interior  of 
Peru.     His  address  is  Lima,  Peru. 

George  W.  Maynard,  consulting  mining 
engineer,  has  gone  to  Benton,  Mono 
county,  Cal.,  on  professional  business. 

W.  H.  Aldridge,  general  manager  of 
the  Consolidated  Mining  and  Smelting 
Company  of  Canada,  is  visiting  New 
Vork. 

R.  M.  Aitken,  of  Kitcat  S;  .Mtken,  Lon- 
lon,  has  been  elected  a  director  of  Amal- 
;amated  Asbestos,  as  representative  of 
British  interests. 

C.  O.  Moss  has  resigned  his  position 
is  superintendent  of  the  Sierra  Morena 
•lining  and  Refining  Corporation,  near 
'aso  Robles,  California. 
William  B.  Anthony  has  resigned  his 
osition  with  the  Equidad  Mining  Com- 
any  and  has  opened  an  assay  office  and 
iboratory   at   Guanajuato,   Mexico. 

rh,;mas  Moses,  mine  inspector  of  the 
fth  district  of  Illinois,  has  resigned  and 
as  been  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
unsen  Coal  Company's  mines,  at  West- 
iUe. 

J.  F.  Callbreath,  secretary  of  the  Amer- 
an  Mining  Congress,  has  been  in  Salt 
ake  recently,  conferr'ng  with  President 
ihn  Dern  in  regard  to  organizing  local 
anches. 

Horace  V.  Winchell  presented  a  report 

I  the  International  Geological  Congress 

Stockholm   last  August,  on   Dec.  6,  at 

c  meeting  of  the  Minnesota  Academy  of 

iences,  at  Minneapolis. 

Charles  H.  Thompson,  for  sixyears  past 

neral  manager  of  the  Wind  Rock  Coal 

impany,  Windrock,  Tenn.,  resigned  Oct. 

,   to   become    president   of  the   Myers- 

haley  Company,  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  man- 

icturer  of  coal-loading  machinery. 

lustav  Setz,   the   veteran   metallurgist 

■1    the    Nestor   of    southeast   Missouri 


smelting,  has  retired  to  take  a  well  earned 
rest,  after  a  long  and  most  successful 
career.  His  son  Carl  succeeds  him  as 
superintendent  of  the  St.  Joseph  plant. 
R.  E.  Eggebrecht,  who  has  been  for 
some  years  in  charge  of  the  coal  traffic  of 
the  Missouri  Pacific  railway,  has  resigned 
fiom  that  position  and  has  bought  an  in- 
terest in  the  Standard  Collieries  Com- 
pany, operating  two  large  mines  in  the 
Carterville  district.  He  has  been  elected 
vice-president  of  the  company. 


+     OBITUARY     + 


Henry  Debardaleben  died  at  Birming- 
ham, Ala.,  Dec.  li,  aged  71  years.  He 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  and  organizers 
of  the  Alabama  iron  industry. 

E.  G.  Walten,  superintendent  of  the 
Enterprise  coal  mines,  at  Enterprise, 
Iowa,  died  Nov.  26,  from  injuries  re- 
ceived in  a  fall  in  the  mine  a  few  days 
before. 

E.  W.  Lawton,  an  American  mining 
man  formerly  at  Guadalupe  y  Calvo,  but 
for  some  time  past  at  Parral,  Mexico, 
was  shot  and  killed  Nov.  21,  in  the  revo- 
lutionary riots  at  Parral. 

Edward  A.  Smith  died  suddenly  in 
Pittsburg,  Dec.  2.  He  was  53  years  old. 
He  was  born  and  educated  in  Pittsburg 
and  for  a  number  of  years  was  active  in 
the  management  of  the  Crucible  Steel 
Company  and  of  La  Belle  Steel  Com- 
pany, of  WTieeling. 

Robert  Angus  died  at  Toronto,  Ont., 
Nov.  19,  aged  .S7  years.  He  was  born  in 
Scotland,  but  came  to  this  country  when 
a  young  man,  and  engaged  in  mining  in 
the  Northwest.  He  helped  to  sink  the 
first  shaft  in  Butte,  and  was  at  several 
mines  near  Helena;  he  was  at  one  time 
superintendent  of  the  Iron  Mountain  mine 
in  Montana.  Later  he  was  in  the  Repub- 
lic district  in  Washington  and  was  sup- 
erintendent of  Le  Roi  mine,  at  Rossland, 
B.  C.  Recently  he  had  been  superinten- 
dent of  the  Alice  mine,  at  Butte,  but 
retired  two  months  ago,  on  account  of  his 
health. 

Thomas  McQuade,  a  well  known  coal 
man,  died  at  Linton,  Ind.,  Nov.  29,  aged 
52  years.  He  was  a  mine  inspector  con- 
nected with  the  State  bureau  of  mines 
and  did  excellent  service  for  a  number 
of  years;  subsequently  taking  service 
with  the  Vandalia  Coal  Mining  Company 
as  superintendent  of  the  Linton  district. 
He  was  regarded  as  a  faithful  and  com- 
petent man.  He  was  forced  to  deal  with 
n  number  of  foreign  miners  in  the  mines 
in  the  Linton  field,  but  was  fearless  and 
after  meeting  a  number  of  critical  situ- 
ations, won  the  friendship  and  respect  of 
all  those  miners. 

Thomas  Bellis  died  at  Altoona,  Penn., 
Nov.  20,  aged  59  years.  He  was  born  in 
Wales  and  brought  up  as  a  coal  miner. 


He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1880, 
and  first  settled  at  Philipsburg,  Clearfield 
county,  Penn.,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
mining  with  Thomas  Barnes  and  other 
pioneers  in  the  coal  industry  of  that  sec- 
tion, and  later  went  to  Burnside,  where 
with  James  Passmore  he  organized  and 
operated  the  Bellmore  Coal  Company. 
Later  he  assisted  in  the  organization  and 
acted  as  a  director  of  the  Urey  Ridge 
Coal  Company,  of  Indiana  county,  and 
also  became  a  director  of  the  Glenwood 
Coal  Company,  of  Glen  Campbell.  More 
recently  he  moved  to  Altoona,  where  he 
assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Forge 
Coal  Company,  with  operations  at  Port- 
age. He  was  also  a  director  in  the 
Springfield  Coal  Company,  at  Nant-y- 
GIo.  He  was  the  first  practical  coal  man 
in  the  Indiana  field  and  he  superintended 
the  opening  of  the  first  mine  at  Hastings. 


^^OCETIESWTECHNICAL  SCHOOL^^ 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society — The 
following  have  been  elected  to  member- 
ship: F.  W.  Parsons,  H.  C.  Wilmot  and 
Louis  A.  Wright. 

Canadian  Mining  Institute — The  To- 
ronto Branch  entertained  the  members  of 
the  Institute  Council  at  dinner,  Dec.  2, 
Prof.  H.  E.  T.  Haultain,  of  Toronto  Uni- 
versity, presiding.  Hon.  Frank  Cochrane, 
Ontario  Minister  of  Mines,  asked  for  the 
support  and  cooperation  of  the  Institute 
in  suppressing  wildcat  schemes,  and  in 
suggesting  changes  in  the  mining  laws. 

Coal  Mining  Institute  of  America — 
The  program  for  the  winter  meeting  at 
Pittsburg  states  that  the  headquarters  will 
be  at  the  Fort  Pitt  hotel;  meetings  will 
be  at  the  Carnegie  Institute.  On  the  first 
day,  Dec.  15,  there  will  be  three  sessions. 
In  the  morning  the  presidential  address 
v.'ill  be  made  by  H.  H.  Stock,  reports  of 
committees  will  be  received  and  other 
business  transa"ted;  and  there  will  be  a 
discussion  on  "A  Standard  Shaft  Bottom 
with  Especial  Reference  to  Safety  and 
Economy  in  a  Gaseous  Mine,"  led  by  W. 
E.  Fohl.  of  Pittsburg.  At  the  afternoon 
session  there  will  be  papers  on  "Mine 
Fires,"  by  A.  G.  Morse,  and  on  "Recent 
Developments  in  Anthracite  Mining  Prac- 
tice," by  Charles  Enzian;  with  a  discus- 
sion, led  by  F.  W.  Cunningham,  on  "The 
Best  Method  of  Removing  Coal  Pillars." 
In  the  evening  the  Institute  dinner  will 
be  held,  at  which  addresses  will  be  made 
on  "The  Federal  Bureau  of  Mines,"  by 
Dr.  J.  A.  Holmes,  and  on  "The  Red  Cross 
in  Mining  Work,"  by  Maj.  Charles  Lynch. 
On  the  second  day,  Dec.  16,  papers  will 
be  read  on  "Recent  Developments  in  the 
Use  of  Steel  Mining  Supports,"  by  R.  B. 
Woodworth;  and  on  "Equalization  of 
Fuels,"  by  H.  K.  Myers.  The  session 
will  be  closed  by  the  discussion  of  ques- 
tions which  may  be  submitted.  In  the 
.ifternoon  members  will  visit  the  West- 
inghouse  electric  works. 


1174 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,   1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Eeports     From    Our     Own     Representatives     on       (T^Kj** 
Important     Events      From      Marty      Important  «.\">CtT-^ 

^     Mining     Centers    of     tte     World       -^ 


j^ 


San  Francisco 

£)ec.  3— A  syndicate  of  Hague,  Hol- 
land, capitalists,  represented  by  Herman 
Mattern,  of  Ashland,  Ore.,  has  made 
final  payment  on  the  Highland  mine  near 
Etna,  Siskiyou  county,  the  reported  price 
being  S200,000.  The  former  owners  are 
two  firms  of  lawyers  who  successfully 
conducted  a  lawsuit  against  the  property 
some  time  since,  and  J.  M.  Tethrow,  of 
Etna,  the  latter  owning  one-half.  The 
Hague  people  have  also  bought  the  Dia- 
mond gold  mine  for  S25,000  and  a  dozen 
smaller  claims  in  the  same  vicinity  as  the 
Highland,  which  is  in  the  mineral  zone 
fifteen  miles  west  of  Etna.  The  sale  of 
these  mines  is  of  great  importance  to  the 
section  referred  to  as  development  and 
equipment  of  the  properties  will  be  at 
once  undertaken. 

In  the  same  county,  near  Yreka,  a 
Bakersfield  company  has  bonded  for 
.S50,000  the  Greenhorn  creek  and  tribu- 
tary ground  from  the  county  road  to  the 
Yreka  dam.  This  ground  is  to  be  very 
thoroughly  prospected.  Claude  E.  Gillis 
represented  the  owners. 

An   extensive   purchase    of    mines    in 
Shasta   county    has    been    made    by     E. 
Bechtold    and    Dr.    Greuzel,   of    Dresden, 
Germany,    through     George     Bayha,     of 
Redding.      About    two    years    ago    Bayha 
concluded    a    deal    with     Frank     Panter, 
owner  of  the   Evening  Star  mine   in   Old 
Diggings  district  six  miles  from  Redding, 
who  had  been  working  the  property   for 
20    years,    until    it    was    quite    fully    de- 
veloped.    Through  the  fluxing  quality  of 
the   Evening  Star  ores  a  ready  sale  was 
made  of  fhem  to  the  smelteries  at  Kes- 
wick,   Kennett     and     Coram     and     about 
S400,000  has  been  taken  out.     Since  Mr. 
Bayha  took  charge   a  year  ago  S30,000 
has   been   expended    in   exploration    and 
development  in  the  Evening  Star.    It  was 
supposed  for  some  time  that  the  mine  was 
in  the  hands  of  German  capital  and  this 
is  confirmed  by  the  recent  visit  of  JV\essrs. 
Bechtold  and  Greuzel  and  conclusion  of 
the  purchase. 

The  sale  of  both  the  Siskiyou  and 
Shasta  county  mines  to  foreigners  shows 
that  California  mines  are  receiving  re- 
newed attention  abroad.  American  capi- 
talists have  been  going  to  newer  and 
more  noted  fields  and  have  rather  ne- 
glected California  gold  mines.  In  fact 
while  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  engage 
the  attention  of  capital  in  the  oilfields  of 
the  Stale,  it  is  difficult  to  get  California 
capital  to  invest  in  the  gold  mines.  This 
makes  many  California  gold  and  silver 
mines  available  to  foreign  capital. 


Denver 


Dec.  5 — Computation   by   a   competent 
engineer   shows   that    it    would    cost   6'j 
times   more   to   drain   the   Cripple   Creek 
district  to  the  present  depth  of  the  deep- 
drainage  tunnel  by  pumping  than  by  the 
tunnel.     This  will  convey  an  idea  of  the 
benefits    to    be    derived    from    this    great 
work,    which    has    i'.'st    been    completed 
through  the   dry,  hard   gr.'.nite  "rim."  or 
surrounding  country  rock,  into  the  more 
porous  and  spongy  volcanic  breccia  area, 
which    contains    the    gold-bearing    veins, 
and  also  the  vast  amount  of  water  which 
it  is  desired  to  liberate,  and  which  is  ex- 
pected to  unwater  the  mines  an  average 
of    730    ft.    below    their    present    lowest 
workings.     One   big   mine,   the    El   Paso, 
has    already    been    unft-atered,   and    it    is 
stated  today  that  in  all  mines  on  Beacon 
hill,    the    Mary    McKinney     and     Elkton 
especially,  the   water   has   lowered   5   ft. 
or   more,   though    the    mines    at   the    ex- 
treme   east    of    the    camp    have    not    yet 
shown  any  lowering.     The  drainage  will, 
of  course,  be  slow,  as  may  be  gathered 
from   the    fact   that   in   September,    1904, 
according  to  careful  records  kept  by  the 
engineer  of  the  Cripple  Creek  drainage 
tunnel    (the   next  one   above   the   Roose- 
velt,  or  deep   drainage),  the    amount   of 
water  drained  to  lower  one  vertical  foot 
in  the  principal  shafts  in  the  district  was 
58,109,000  gal.,  and  that  the  removal  of 
4115    gal.    per    min.    only     lowered     the 
water   level    in   the   central    and    western 
groups  of  mines  at  the  rate  of  4  ft.  per 
month. 

As  no  new  phenomenally   rich  camps 
are    being    found    in     Colorado,     owing 
chietlly,   it    is   believed,   to   the    obstacles 
thrown  in  the  way  of  prospectors  mainly 
by    the    Forest    Service    of     the     United 
States,  the  thoughts  and  energies  of  the 
mining    men    of    the    State    have    turned 
with   already   surprising   results   to   mak- 
ing new  mines  out  of  the  old  ones.     As 
it  has  been  abundantly  proved  that  those 
which  would  not  pay   formerly  will  now, 
unwatering  old  mines  and   districts  with 
an  early  rich  record  has  become  quite  a 
"vogue"  all  over  the  State,  and  is  being 
mainly     accomplished     by     driving     long 
tunnels.     The  Cripple  Creek  deep-drain- 
age and  Newhouse  tunnels  are  the  big- 
gest enterprises   in   this   line,   and   their 
success  has  encouraged  all  the  smaller 
ones.     Some  districts,  of  course,  are  not 
so  situated  as  to  be  available  for  tunnel 
operations,     and     must,     therefore,     be 
pumped.     Among  these  is  the  once  phe- 
nomenally  rich  silver-producing  camp  of 
Aspen.      From    this    now    comes    a    most 


remarkable    and    interesting   story.      The 
mammoth  station  pump  in  the  Free  Sil- 
ver mine   has   been   90   ft.   under   water, 
and   disabled,   for  some  time,  practically 
stopping    deep    mining    at    Aspen.       The 
Free  Silver  and  Mollie  Gibson  mines  are 
under   lease    to    the    Smuggler   company 
It  is  said  that  some  joker  asked  the  man- 
ager, H.  A.  Wilcox,  why  he  did  not  get 
a  deep-sea  diver  to  go  down  and  fix  the 
pump.     This  he  actually  did,  and  got  the 
American-Chapman   Wrecking  Company, 
of  New  York,  to  send  out  two  divers,  with 
apparatus.    They  found  that  the  pressure 
at  90   ft.  was  too  great  to  work,  so  two 
sinking  pumps  and  the  relief  pump  were 
started    at    the     11 00- ft.    level,    and    the 
water  was  lowered  to  65  ft.,  when   Fred 
Johnson,  the  diver,  went  down,  and  in  a 
week's  work   repaired  the   station  pump. 
Steam  was  turned  on,  and  it  is  stated  that 
the  pump  is  now  throwing  1200  gal.  per 
min.    As  soon  as  the  shaft  is  cleared,  big 
electric    power    pump    will    be    installed, 
and  the  result,  it  seems,  will  be  the  re- 
juvenation   of    Aspen. 

The  tonnage  of  the  Cripple  Creek  dis- 
trict   in    November    is    given     at     75,180 
tons,  of  a  gross  bullion  value  of  Sl,38!,- 
050.     This  is  $45,000  increase  over  Oc- 
tober.    Stratton's  Independence,  Ltd.,  has 
increased  its  output  1500  tons  this  month. 
The   application   of  the   Northern  Coal 
and    Coke    Company    for    an    injunction 
against   the     strikers,    restraining    them 
from    acts   of   violence,   has    been   heard 
by  the  district  court,  and   after  listening 
to    testimony    for    two    days,    the    judge 
ordered   that   a   temporary    injunction  be 
issued,    the    permanent    injunction   being 
left  to  ultimate  determination.     The  final 
hearing  will  come  on  probably  within  a 
month.     The  writ  is  directed  against  the 
United    Mine    Workers   of   America,  dis- 
trict  No.    15:   Marshall  Local   Union  No. 
483;    Superior    Local     Union     No.    84; 
Louisville    Local    Union    No.    1668;    La- 
fayette  Local    Union   No.    1388,   and  to 
the   members   of  these   unions,   and  the 
officers  of  the   United  Mine  Workers  in^ 
Denver. 


Butte 

Dec.  4  —  Much  improvement  wo^^ 
among  the  railroads  of  the  State  is  lookec 
forward  to  for  the  coming  spring.  Thi 
Northern  Pacific  intends  to  complete  iti 
Glendive-Helena  cutoff,  for  which  tht 
surveys  were  made  some  time  since.  Thi: 
will  decrease  the  distance  from  St.  Pau 
over  that  road  some  85  miles  and  will  ta; 
a  section  of  the  State  now  without  rail 
road  facilities.     The  Great  Northern  wil 


December  10,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1175 


begin  work  on  a  cutoff  from  Mandan  via. 
Lewistown  to  a  point  on  the  Billings  & 
Northern  road  which  will  shorten  the  dis- 
tance on  that  road  to  the  coast  nearly  100 
miles.  It  is  also  quite  possible  that  the 
Big  Blackfoot  Railway  Company  will 
complete  its  road  up  the  Blackfoot  since 
considerable  grading  has  already  been 
done. 

A  bill  providing  for  compulsory  com- 
pensation to  injured  employees  of  cor- 
porations is  now  being  drafted  by  a  com- 
mittee appointed  for  that  purpose  by  the 
governor,  and  will  be  presented  at  the 
session  of  the  legislature  which  meets  in 
January.  The  committee  is  presided  over 
by  Justice  Holloway  of  the  supreme  court. 

A  joint  committee  of  six.  representing 
(he  coal  mines  and  operators  of  the 
State,  has  been  appointed  to  draft  legis- 
lation for  the  supervision  of  the  coal- 
mining industry.  Among  the  measures 
which  will  be  considered  are  sanitation 
and  ventilation,  safety  appliances  and 
the  proper  safeguarding  of  the  lives  of 
the  miners  and  the  property  of  the  oper- 
ators. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Dec.  5 — Much  leasing  is  being  done 
at  the  Daly  West  and  Daly-Judge  mines, 
in  Park  City.  The  output  of  the  former 
is  showing  a  marked  increase,  since  the 
upper  workings  have  been  turned  over 
to  leasers.  Many  of  the  leasers  are  do- 
ing well,  and  on  account  of  the  increase 
in  individual  lots  of  ore  sent  out,  the 
force  at  the  Park  City  sampler  has  been 
added   to. 

A  somewhat  different  system  has  been 
adopted  by  the   Daly-Judge.     Instead  of 
turning  over  a  block  of  ground  for  a  cer- 
tain period,  to  be   worked  on   a   fixed  or 
sliding  royalty,  the  company  gives  leases 
Dn    ground    which    it    wishes     developed, 
ind  guarantees  the  leasers  regular  min- 
ers'   wages    for   their    work.      If    ore    of 
.-nough   importance   is   developed   at   any 
ime,  the  management   reserves  the  right 
0  cancel  the   lease    and   continue  work 
)n  company  account.     The  miners  do  not 
tand   to    lose    anything   by    this   system, 
ind  are  allowed  to  make  up  to  double  the 
•egular    miners'    wages,    but    no    more. 
Tequently  a  stringer,  or  small  strc;!k  of 
•  re,    which    is    too    small    to    be    worked 
rofitably     by     the     company,     can     be 
.orked   independently   by   a  leaser  at  a 
air  profit.     Recently  a  body  of  good  ore 
as   opened    by    leasers,   on    the    Middle 
ein    below    the    1400.    which    has    been 
iken   over   on   company    account.      The 
ystem    has    proved    satisfactory    to    the 
ompany.     The   men  take   an   interest  in 
le  work,  and  there  are  always  applica- 
ons  pending. 

The  suit  brought  by  Joseph  E.  Caine 
nd  Max  Junghandel  against  F.  J.  Hag- 
ibarth  to  recover  S;i90,000.  alleged  to  be 
le  as  the  balance  of  an  option  held  on 
le  Ludwig  mine  at  Yerrington.  was  re- 


cently dismissed  from  the  third  district 
court.  A  new  action  has  been  begun  in 
the  Federal  court  of  Idaho,  the  action 
being  brought  there,  as  the  defendant 
is  now  a  resident  of  that  State.  The 
suit  arose  from  an  option  which  Mr. 
Caine  and  Mr.  Junghandel  obtained  on 
the  mine  in  1907  and  sold  to  Mr.  Hagen- 
barth  for  S200,000.  The  latter  paid 
SIO.OOO  in  cash  and  then  transferred  the 
option  to  the  Nevada-Douglas  Mining 
Company.  The  Nevada-Douglas  Coin- 
pany,  instead  of  closing  the  transaction, 
waited  until  the  Caine  and  Junghandel 
option  expired  and  then  bought  the 
property.  Mr.  Hagenbarth  refused  to 
pay  the  remaining  S190,000.  A  judg- 
ment for  this  amount  with  interest  from 
1907  was  obtained  against  him  in  the 
district  court.  An  appeal  was  made  to 
the  Supreme  Court,  which  ordered  an- 
other trial  for  Nov.  14.  The  case  was 
dismissed  without  prejudice  a  few  days 
before  it  was  called,  and  was  recently 
filed  in  the  Federal  court  of  Idaho.  The 
hearing  has  been  set  for  January. 

Cobalt 

Dec.  6 — Gowganda  has  been  showing 
up  well  during  the  last  few  months,  and 
it  is  certain  that-  the  shipments  this 
winter  wil  be  in  excess  of  last  year.  The 
Reeves- Dobie  will  have  the  concentrator 
running  soon  and  will  be  able  to  make 
regular  shipments.  The  Millerett  has 
purchased  a  lO-stamp  mill,  which  will  be 
erected  during  the  winter.  There  is  also 
a  large  tonnage  of  high-grade  ore 
blocked  out,  so  that  the  shipments  from 
this  property  will  be  maintained.  The 
Miller  Lake-O'Brien  will  also  be  a 
shipper  this  winter,  as  the  development 
has  been  most  satisfactory.  On  the 
150-ft.  level,  the  vein  has  been  opened 
up  for  300  ft.,  and  shows  high-grade  ore 
all  the  way.  Several  other  mines  in  the 
district  are  also  obtaining  satisfactory 
results,  and  sitiall  shipments  may  be  ex- 
pc-'-d  from  some  of  these. 

Both  the  ^'ioiFsing  and  Crown  Reserve 
inines  are  carrying  out  extensive  experi- 
ments in  concentrating  in  order  to  decide 
on  the  best  method  for  low-grade  ores. 
Although  the  ore  from  Cobalt  mines 
concentrates  readily,  a  great  many 
changes  and  experiments  were  neces- 
sary before  the  processes  now  used  were 
evolved.  Mines  like  the  Nipissing  and 
Crown  Reserve,  with  their  large  reserves 
of  high-grade  could  easily  afford  to  wait 
until  the  other  mines  had  their  concen- 
trators in  operation,  and  so  get  the  bene- 
fit of  their  experience,  and  avoid  their 
mistakes.  Although  excellent  results  are 
being  obtained  from  the  mills  now  run- 
ning there  is  still  room  for  improvement. 
Cyanide  plants  are  in  operation  at  three 
of  the  mines,  but  the  process  is  not  fav- 
orably considered  by  many  millmen.  The 
process  men  are  also  busy  on  the  Cobalt 
ore-treatment  problem. 


Toronto 

Dec.  5 — The  Ontario  government  on 
Nov.  29,  passed  an  order-in-council  pro- 
viding for  the  construction  of  a  branch 
of  the  Temiskaming  &  Northern  railway, 
from  the  main  line,  near  Kelso,  to  Por- 
cupine. The  distance  will  be  30  to  32 
miles  and  the  cost  is  estimated  at  S450,- 
000.  J.  L.  Englehart,  chairman  of  the 
company,  states  that  the  construction 
will  be  begun  in  about  two  weeks  and 
that  the  junction  with  the  main  line  will 
be  about  two  miles  north  of  Kelso.  The 
road,  he  says,  should  be  in  operation  by 
July,  1.  1911.  The  plans  also  include 
a  further  continuation  of  the  line  for 
about  five  miles  to  the  Metagami  river, 
but  this  may  not  be  built  for  some  time. 
The  country  offers  no  great  engineering 
difficulties,  but  a  400-ft.  bridge  may  be 
required  at  Night  Hawk  lake.  The  road 
may  be  operated  by  electricity.  Some  time 
since  the  Government  granted  a  charter 
to  local  interests  for  a  railway  into  the 
Porcupine  district  to  connect  with  the 
Temiskaming  &  Northern  Ontario  railway 
near  Matheson.  No  action  was  taken, 
however,  within  the  tiine  limit  specified 
in  the  agreement  and  the  charter  was 
afterward  disposed  of  to  E.  A.  Wallberg, 
who  has  recently  been  pushing  the  work 
and  claims  to  have  250  men  employed 
in  grading.  The  Government  will  prob- 
ably purchase  the  material  for  this  con- 
struction. 

The  announcement  of  the  Govern- 
ment's action  has  given  a  great  stimulus 
to  speculation  in  Porcupine  claims  and 
many  transfers  at  high  figures  are  re- 
ported, and  it  is  anticipated  that  numer- 
ous flotations  of  a  doubtful  character 
will  be  placed  on  the  market.  The  mat- 
ter of  checking  "wildcat"  operations  by 
further  drastic  legislation  is  receiving  the 
attention  of  the  Government.  Hon. 
Frank  Cochrane  leaves  next  week  to 
make  a  personal  inspection  of  the  Por- 
cupine field  and  on  his  return  the  policy 
of  the  Government  in  this  regard  will 
be  formulated.  In  the  meantime,  the  ex- 
isting requirements  as  to  issuing  of  pros- 
pectuses and  advertisements  and  the  pay- 
ments of  commissions  will  be  rigorously 
enforced. 

The  winter  roads  into  Porcupine  are 
in  fairly  good  shape,  and  freight  and 
passenger  trips  are  being  made  reg- 
ularly. Large  quantities  of  supplies  are 
being  sent  in,  and  as  reasonable  freight 
rates  can  be  obtained,  this  will  mean 
much  greater  activity  among  the  work- 
ing properties,  and  the  opening  up  of  a 
number  of  new  ones.  On  account  of  the 
lack  of  supplies  development  work  dur- 
ing the  summer  and  fall  has  been  greatly 
restricted,  but  now  with  adequate  trans- 
portation facilities,  work  can  go  ahead 
all  over  the  district.  A  large  number  of 
claims  are  being  purchased  and  during 
the  last  week  sales  aggregating  .S500,» 
000  were   recorded. 


,173 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


y 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


Peports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   C\trrent  History  of    Mining' 


— ^^>-^^ 


Alaska 

Quartz  strikes  are  reported  in  the  Mc- 
Kinley  Lake  district  near  Cordova,  and 
on  the  Bonanza  and  American  creeks  in 
the  Haiditarod. 

Valparaiso — This  company  is  consider- 
ing the  installation  of  a  stamp  mill  for  the 
property  in  the  Ketchikan  district  in  the 
early  spring. 

Nevada  Creek — The  management  of 
this  company  is  considering  the  purchase 
of  a  200-stamp  mill  for  this  property 
near  Juneau.  P.  C.  Stoess,  Seattle,  is 
interested. 

Wakefield,  Ickis  &  Powers— PAr.  Mc- 
Ikis  has  charge  of  the  development  on 
this  property  at  .McLean's  arm,  and  re- 
ports success. 

.Alabama 

W.  W.  Jacobs,  of  New  Haven,  Conn., 
president  of  the  Shelby  Iron  Company, 
in  the  Birmingham  district,  is  inspecting 
the  .-Mabama  properties.  The  Shelby 
company  has  had  its  furnace  on  charcoal 
iron  in  full  operation  for  »»me  time  now, 
with  but  small  accumulation  of  product. 

Following  a  statement  by  John  A.  Top- 
ping, chairman  of  the  executive  board  of 
the  Republic  Steel  and  Iron  Company 
that  his  company  was  not  interested  in 
any  probable  merger  of  independent  coal 
and  iron  companies  in  this  district,  talk 
of  such  a  merger  has  dropped. 

It  is  announced  that  the  big  plant  of 
the  American  Steel  and  Wire  Company, 
under  construction  at  Ensley,  a  short  dis- 
tance from  Birmingham  proper,  will  be 
ready  for  operation  by  June,  1911.  All 
work  on  the  plants  of  the  subsidiary  com- 
panies of  the  United  States  Steel  Cor- 
poration in  the  Birmingham  district  is 
being  rushed;  the  expectation  being  to 
complete  the  great  part,  if  not  all  of  it, 
by  the  middle  of  summer. 

Arizona 

CocHisK  County 

The  Western  Mining  and  Development 
company  of  Chicago  is  negotiating  for 
extensive  property  in  the  Swisshelm  dis- 
trict.    Frank  Dean  is  representative. 

Sunnyside — This  property,  five  miles 
west  of  Bisbee,  is  being  developed  by  a 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  company  of  which  Benjamin 
Smith  is  president. 

Centurion — This  copper  property,  at 
Dragoon,  has  made  contracts  to  ship  to 
the  Benson  smeltery  which,  it  is  said,  will 
start  up  soon.  The  mine  is  developing 
extensively.     J.   P.   Richardson   is  man- 

-^SF-  ■'  bnc  ani 


Gila  County 

Inspiration — Manager  Drummond  tele- 
graphed, Dec.  1,  that  the  ore  reserves  had 
been  increased  to  14,983.000  tons  aver- 
aging over  2  per  cent,  copper  and  3,502,- 
100  "partially  developed  ore."  Edmund 
C.  Converse  and  Albert  H.  Wiggin  were 
elected  directors  in  place  of  O.  J.  Mc- 
Connel  and  T.  Zimmerman. 

GRAH.i^.M  County 

Activity  is  renewed  around  Twin  Peaks. 
The   Dark  Thunder  company  is  develop- 
ing in  charge  of  W.  C.  Marshall  and  sev- 
eral  prospects  are   being   explored. 
Pinal  County 

Mammoth — This  property,  known  also 
as  the  Goldfield  mine,  20  miles  east  of 
Mesa,  is  being  developed  by  a  company 
headed  by  George  U.  Young,  secretary  of 
the  Territory.  The  ten-stamp  mill  has  been 
in  operation  on  a  test  run  recently  with 
satisfactory  results.  .  It  is  proposed  to 
raise  additional  capital  and  to  continue 
the  development  and  to  enlarge  the  mill. 
Yavapai  County 

Consolidated      Arizona — Developments 
at  the  property,  near  Humboldt,   are  re- 
ported favorable,  particularly  at  the  Blue 
Bell  mine,  on  the  sixth  level. 
Yuma  County 

Golden  State — This  company  in  the 
Whipple  Wash  district  near  Parker  is 
planning   a  concentrating  mill. 

Arkansas 

Arkansas  &  Snperior  Zinc  Mining 
Company — This  company  has  been  or- 
ganized at  Hancock,  Mich.,  to  develop  the 
Keystone  and  other  properties  in  section 
6,  township  19,  North  Range,  17  west. 
Drilling  is  underway.  John  J.  Eichkern 
is  secretary. 


California 

Amador  County 

Bunker  Hill — The  ore  being  taken  from 
the  1950  level  is  of  almost  the  same 
grade  as  that  on  the  1750  level.  The  ad- 
dition of  20  stamps  to  the  mill  will  per- 
mit them  to  begin  the  year  with  40 
stamps. 

Butte  County 

Frisco — Schmitz  Brothers  have  located 
a  mill  site  near  Mooretown,  and  addition- 
al stamps  will  be  put  in  the  mill  for 
this  mine. 

Mineral  Slide — Cohn  &  Goodday,  who 
recently  purchased  this  mine  at  Magalia, 
are  putting  in  a  new  amalgamator,  in- 
vented by  the  superintendent,  Stephen 
P.  Mooiv. 


Eldorado  County 

Charles  Kretcher  and  Grant  Bu'jic 
have  found  a  rich  shoot  of  ore  just  south 
of  the  Union  mine,  three  miles  from  El- 
dorado. The  vein  is  4  ft.  wide  and  car- 
ries free  gold. 

Union — This  mine  at  Eldorado,  has 
closed,  owing  to  the  water  rates  having 
been  raised. 

Humboldt  County 

Horse  Mountain  Copper — The  extensive 
copper  deposits  of  this  company,  and  of 
the  Humboldt  company,  at  Horse  Moun- 
tain, have  been  placed  under  bond. 
Kern  County 

Red  Rock — A  number  of  placer  claims 
have  been  located  in  Red  Rock  district 
and  the  ground  is  being  drilled. 

Sierras  Butte — A  compressor  has  been 
installed  on  this  mine,  at  Sierra  City,  and 
the  40-stamp  mill  will  soon  be  started. 
Mariposa  County 

Crown  Lead — This  company,  on  the 
Merced  river,  at  the  Nameless  dam 
(Bagby),  has  brought  a  Sullivan  com- 
pressor and  a  hoist.  Twenty  stamps  are 
working,  but  the  capacity  of  the  mill  will 
be  doubled.  Crown  Lead  company  has 
offices  at  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York. 

Comet — This  company,  owning  mines 
near  Jerseydale,  has  just  shipped  in  three 
cars  of  machinery. 

Modoc  County 

Big  Four — Machinery  for  a  mill  for 
this  company  has  been  shipped  into  Hoag 
district.  A  cyanide  plant  will  soon  be 
installed. 

Nevada  County 

Golden  Gate — At  this  mine.  Grass  Val- 
ley, W.  P.  Martin,  superintendent,  the 
steam  hoist  is  being  replaced  with  an 
electric  one,  and  the  mine  will  be  re- 
opened. 

Excelsior — Arrangements  are  being 
made  to  operate  this  Meadow  Lake  mine 
all  winter.  R.  E.  L.  Townsend,  of  Den- 
ver, is  the  principal  owner  and  Charles, 
Chambers,    superintendent. 

North   Star — This   company,   at   Grass 
Valley,  has  encountered   the   lode  in  the   i 
Cincinnati  Hill  mine,  which  is  reopening,  f 
Pipe  lines  are  being  laid  for  air  and  wa 
ter  from  the  North  Star  plant.  , 

Coan — At  this  mine,  Nevada  City,  a 
double  compartment  shaft  is  being  sunk 
and  hoisting  and  pumping  machinery  in- 
stalled. The  mine  is  under  bond  to  C 
D.  McConigal. 

Morning  Star — This  mine,  near  Nevada  i 
City,  owned  by  John  Curnow  and  undei    ■■ 


i 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1177 


bond  to  Berkeley  capitalists,  will  be  re- 
opened, pumped  and  retimbered.  There 
is  a  mill  on  the  property. 

Prudential — The  water  has  finally  all 
been  taken  out  of  this  Grass  Valley  mine 
which  can  now  be  worked  all  winter. 

Placer  County 

A.  W.  Nichols  has  applied  to  the  Cali- 
fornia Debris  Commission  for  a  permit  to 
mine  the  Queen  City  and  Bear  River  Hill 
mines,  near  Dutch  Flat,  by  hydraulic  pro- 
cess. 

Annie  Laurie — The  last  crushing  of  ore 
from  this  mine,  near  Coalfax,  owner  by 
the  Begole  Mining  Company,  R.  H. 
Young,  superintendent,  is  reported  satis- 
factory and  more  ore  will  be  milled. 

San  Bernardino  County 
T  &  T  Mining  Company — This  com- 
pany is  developing  near  Riggs  station, 
near  the  Alta  mine  and  the  Tecopa  Con- 
solidated. W.  P.  Lemley,  Pittsburg,  Penn. 
is  president. 

Shasta   County 
Mammoth    smeltery    at    Kennett     will 
blow  in  its  third   furnace  soon.     No  at- 
tempt will  be  made  to  blow  in  the  fourth 
furnace  in  the  year  future. 

Sierra  County 

Middle  Yuba — This  quartz  mine,  near 
he  Nevada  county  line,  has  been  bond- 
id  by  E.  A.  Bauder  to  Walter  Bernard,  of 
iamestown. 

Gold  Canon — This  Alleghany  district 
nine,  under  bond  to  E.  M.  Parrish,  is  in 
harge  of  G.  W.  Woodman,  who  has  men 
xtending  the  lower  drifts  with  hand 
rills. 

Independence-  -At  this  mine,  on  Wolf 
reek,  F.  A.  Pierson,  manager,  the  ditch 
;  nearly  finished  and  work  on  the  dam 
egun.     A  compressor  is  being  installed. 

Siskiyou  County 

The  suction-type  dredge,  at  Hamburg, 
*'ned  by  the  Northern  California  Dredg- 
ig  Company,  of  Eureka,  Humboldt 
luntv.  has  closed  down  for  the  season 
id  a  number  of  improvements  will   be 

ade. 

Tuolumne  County 
Wickham — Santa  Monica  men  who  are 
•ospecting  this  mine  near  Rawhide,  have 
arted  the  S-stamp  mill  tn  test  the  ore. 
le  mine  is  owned  by  W.  P.  Huston  and 
hers. 

Tarantula — The  mill  at  this  mine,  Jack- 
nville,  owned  by  the  United  Mining 
)mpany,  will   soon   be   ready. 

Yuba  County 
Boston     Consolidalrd—TWts     company 
i!  Brown's  Valley,  has  let  a  contract  for 
•300-ft.   tunnel. 

Tarr— This  property,  at  Smartsville, 
]  I  be  reopened.  About  100  men  are  do- 
'  preparatory'  work  for  operations  on  « 
'  «e  scale  on   the   Blue   Point  hydraulic 


mine,   which   will   be   worked   on   a   new 
system.    E.  W.  Tarr  is  superintendent. 


Colorado 

Clear  Creek  County 

The  Santiago  mine,  above  Georgetown, 
is  reported  to  have  shipped  17  cars  of 
ore  during  the  past  30  days,  which  netted 
SIOOO  per  car.  This  mine  has  been  ac- 
quired by  the  North  American  Smelter 
.ind  Mines  Company,  operating  the 
Golden  smeltery,  where  all  the  ore  from 
the  Santiago  will  be  treated.  J.  H.  Robe- 
son is  consulting  engineer  for  the  smelt- 
ing company.  The  same  company  con- 
trols the  Donaldson  mine,  at  Idaho 
Springs,  in  which  a  strike  is  reported  in 
a  drift  which  cut  the  Donaldson  vein 
1700  ft.  from  the  Rockford  tunnel,  which 
is  in  2200  tt.  The  vein  where  opened  is 
1000  ft.  below  the  surface,  and  is  4  in. 
wide,  carrying  17  oz.  gold  and  65  oz.  sil- 
ver per  ton. 

Another  three-mile  tunnel  is  projected 
from  the  Golden  Gate  group,  on  Lena- 
wee mountain,  near  Montezuma,  in  Sum- 
mit county,  through  the  range  to  the 
Clear  Creek  side.  It  will  be  built  by  the 
Clear  Creek  &  Summit  Company,  and 
will  be  a  transportation  and  drainage 
tunnel. 

Lake  County — Leadville 

Valley  Shaft — In  this  property,  in 
South  Evans,  is  reported  3  ft.  of  solid  ore 
on  the  footwall,  and  6  ft.  of  ore  on  the 
hangingwall,  that  runs  2  oz.  gold  per  ton, 
with  good  silver  and  lead  values,  and 
says  that  he  walked  600  ft.  along  a  drift 
in  solid  ore.  This  is  said  to  be  at  a 
depth  of  450  ft.  and  is  in  the  Cambrian 
quartzite.  This  is  the  northern  extension 
of  the  Cleveland  vein. 

Fanchon — Shipments  of  silver-lead  ore, 
worth  from  StiO  to  S85  per  ton,  are  being 
made  by  John  Christensen  from  this 
mine,  on  Sugar  Loaf.  The  vein  is  6  ft. 
v.'ide. 

Black  Dinero — Two  feet  of  lead  ore, 
carrying  ,300  oz.  silver  per  ton,  has  been 
opened  in  this  mine,  also  on  Sugar  Loaf, 
by  Frank  Cullen,  leaser. 

Agassiz — P.  Breen  is  shipping  again 
from  the  old  Agassiz  shaft,  in  Stray 
Horse  gulch,  from  which  he  took  a  small 
fortune  years  ago.  This  time,  however, 
the  ore  is  carbonate  of  zinc. 

Nevada — The  ore  bins  of  the  Nevada, 
nn  Breece  hill,  are  full  of  the  lead  ore 
recently  opened  at  60  ft.  from  the  sur- 
face, and  shipments  are  to  begin  at  once. 

Gold  Coin — A  tunnel  has  been  driven 
into  the  hill  at  this  mine,  in  Half  Moon 
gulch,  and  has  cut  a  streak  of  ore  !  ft. 
wide  that  is  said  to  yield  from  S60  to 
SI 00  per  ton. 

Stevens  Shaft — From  this  shaft,  on 
Rock  hill,  carbonate  of  lead  ore  and 
smithsonite  are  being  shipped  regularly. 

Hayden — Forty  tons  per  diem   of  car- 


bonate of  zinc  ore,  stated  to  yield  40  per 
cent.,  are  being  shipped  from  this  shaft 
on  Fryer  hill,  by  Burton  &  Co. 

San  Miguel  County 
The  shipments  from  the  Telluride  are 
about  3000  tons  per  month   of  concen- 
trates and  crude  ore. 

Smuggler-Union — This  mine  is  report- 
ed to  be  working  240  men  underground, 
with  a  monthly  output  of  15,000  tons, 
which  is  treated  in  two  stamp  mills  and 
a  cyanide  plant,  owned  by  the  company. 
Black  Bear — Thirty-five  men  are  em- 
ployed in  this  mine  and  mill,  the  output 
being  16  cars  of  high-grade  concentrates 
per  month.  A  two-mile  overhead  tram- 
way brings  the  ore  from  the  mine  to 
the  mill. 

7"om  Boy — Two  hundred  men  are  em- 
ployed at  this  gold  mine,  in  Savage  basin, 
with  a  monthly  profit  realized  of  about 
S25,000. 

Japan — Seventy-five  men  are  working 
on  this  silver-lead  and  zinc  mine,  and  it 
is  stated  to  be  paying. 

Liberty  Bell — This  mine  is  stated  to  be 
producing  about  375  tons  of  ore  daily 
and  to  be  employing  240  men. 

San  Juan  District 
Camp     Bird — In     October     the     mill 
crushed    6827    tons;    the    receipts    were 
S166,52I  and  the  net  profit  .?!  10,587. 

Teller  County— Cripple  Creek 
Maid  of  Orleans — This  mine  has  been 
leased  by  M.  B.  Burke,  owner  of  the 
Henry  Adney  mine  adjoining.  A  good 
surface  equipment  has  been  added  at  a 
cost  of  $10,000,  and  the  shaft  will  be 
sunk  from  480  to  1000  ft.  These  are 
Beacon  hill  properties. 

Porfland—Pres.  F.  G.  Peck  says  that 
the  success  of  the  Battle  Mountain  mill, 
which  has  been  treating  800  tons  of  ore 
per  month,  has  brought  under  considera- 
tion the  question  of  enlarging  it.  and  that 
the  immense  amount  of  low-grade  ore 
in  the  district  warrants  the  building  of 
another  mill  by  this  company,  to  treat 
custom  ores.  At  present,  however,  this 
new  enterprise  has  simply  been  under 
discussion. 

Stratton's  Independence — Results  for 
October:  Production,  1518  tons,  averag- 
ing-24  dwt.,  16  grains  per  ton.  Dump 
ore  milled,  8200  tons.  Net  working 
profit,  810,115. 


Idaho 

CoEUR  n'ALENE  District 
Pittsburg  Lead— The  suit  of  this  com- 
pany against  Patrick  Brady  and  William 
Goggins  over  the  boundaries  of  the  Pan- 
handle lode  claim,  which  contains  a 
lead-silver  oreshoot,  has  been  determined 
in    favor    of    the    company. 

Morninfu—FoT  the  first  time  this  unit 
of  the  Federal  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany is  shipping  crude  ore.     In  the  past 


1178 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  10,   1910. 


nothing  but  concentrates  went  to  the 
smeltery.  Recent  development  has  op- 
ened a  better  class  of  ore  at  great  depth 
Golden  Chest — A  Paris  syndicate  is 
negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  the 
mine,  according  to  a  statement  of  Ed- 
ward Baer.  of  New  York,  president  of 
the  company.  Phis  is  a  gold  mine  and 
has  shipped  much  ore.  It  has  been  idle 
for  three  years. 


Indiana 
Greenf  County 

Shirley  Hill  mine  No.  1  has  been  sold 
to  A.  M.  Ogle,  president  of  both  the  Van- 
dalia  and  the  Chicago  &  Indianapolis 
coal  companies.  The  Shirley  Hill  mine 
enploys  nearly  400  men  and  is  on  the 
Monon  railroad;  that  company  has  agreed 
to  purchase  the  entire  output  of  the  mine. 
It  is  generally  believed  that  the  property 
was  sold  to  Mr.  Ogle  personally. 

United  Fourth  Vein  Coal  Company — 
This  company,  which  owns  the  Black 
Creek  mine  where  the  tipple  recently 
burnt,  is  sinking  a  new  shaft  about  a 
mile  east  of  the  old  one.  The  new  shaft 
is  down  about  60  ft.  and  efforts  are  be- 
ing made  to  begin  hoisting  coal  in  a 
short  time. 

Vermilion   County 

As  a  result  of  sinking  two  mines  by  the 
Bunsen  Coal  Company,  south  of  Clinton, 
a  town  has  been  laid  out  to  be  known  as 
Chun's  Ford. 

The  Steel  Corporation  mine  in  this 
county  will  be  the  largest  in  Indiana,  and 
will  employ  a  large  number  of  men  when 
opened  up.  The  company  will  build  some 
houses,  but  the  majority  of  the  miners 
will  live  in  Clinton  because  miners' 
trains  run  out  daily. 


Missouri 

Sunrise  Iron  and  Mining  Company — 
This  company  has  been  organized  to  de- 
velop an  iron  deposit  near  Bangert,  in 
Phelps  county,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San 
Fiancisco  railroad.  It  is  said  to  contain 
red  hematite  free  from  sulphur.  The 
company  is  now  sinking  a  shaft  to  pros- 
pect the  deposit.  W.  A.  Bright.  Liberty, 
Mo.,  is  president. 

St.  Francois  County 

Jake  Day — Boston  parties  have  ac- 
quired this  property  on  Big  river,  near 
the  No.  11  shaft  of  the  St.  Joseph  com- 
pany and  are  sinking  a  shaft  that  will  be 
400  ft.  deep.  This  is  the  first  new  enter- 
prise that  has  been  started  in  the  dis- 
seminated lead  belt  since  1907. 

St.  Joseph — A  large  brick  office  build- 
ing is  being  erected  at  Bonne  Terre  to 
replace  the  wooden  structure  that  has  had 
several  narrow  escapes  from  fire.  A 
large  hospital  is  being  built  on  uptodate 
lines  to  replace  the  structure  erected 
about  15  years  ago.  A  brick  stack  is  un- 
der construction  at  the  smeltery  at  Her- 


culaneum  that  will  be  360  ft.  high  and 
have  a  diameter  of  20  ft.  It  is  built  on  a 
cement  pile  and  concrete  foundation  and 
ail  the  furnace  gases  from  the  blast  fur- 
naces and  roasters  will  be  conveyed  to  it. 
Doe  Run — Several  men  were  recently 
injured  at  the  Central  power  station  from- 
the  explosion  of  one  of  the  gas  producers 
(down-draft)  that  was  caused  by  the 
bursting  of  one  of  the  boiler  tubes. 


Montana 
Butte  District 

Anaconda — The  shaft  at  the  Belmont 
mine  is  down  1500  ft.  and  sinking  is  pro- 
gressing at  the  rate  of  60  ft.  per  month. 
At  the  St.  Lawrence  mine  the  work  of 
constructing  ore  bins  is  under  way.  The 
2000-ft.  shaft  has  already  been  retimbered 
from  the  bottom  up  to  the  loOO-ft.  level 
and  this  will  be  continued  up  to  the  500- 
ft.  level. 

Goldsmith — Leasers  working  the  mine 
have  made  a  gold-silver  strike  on  the 
100-ft.  level  of  this  property  north  of 
Walkerville.  The  mine  has  produced  over 
.'-!  1 ,500.000  since  discovered  but  has  not 
been  worked  recently.  C.  W.  EUingwood, 
of  Butt'i  owns  the  property. 

Broadwater  County 
Dry  Creek — Development  work  has 
been  done  on  these  coal  mines  recently, 
a  250-ft.  shaft  having  been  sunk  at  a 
45-deg.  angle.  The  shaft  will  be  sunk 
another  100  ft.  and  will  then  produce 
about  150  tons  daily. 

Fergus  County 

Barnes-King — Stockholders  have  re- 
cently received  a  report  from  President 
W.  H.  A.  Fischer  together  with  reports 
from  former  manager  George  T.  McCee 
and  Treasurer  J.  A.  Bailey,  Jr.  The 
treasurer's  statement  shows  assets  as 
$274,056  and  liabilities  as  S3011.  The 
manager's  report  gives  a  brief  history  of 
the  development  of  the  property  up  to 
Aug.  1910.  at  which  time  it  was  decided 
to  shut  down.  Since  then  operations  have 
been  resumed  under  the  direction  of  John 
L.   Bright. 

Granite  County 

Montana  Frisco — The  company  is  cap- 
italized at  S300,000  with  shares  of  the  par 
value  of  ."^l  each,  and  owns  the  San  Fran- 
cisco group  east  of  Philipsburg.  A  sur- 
face plant  consisting  of  a  hoist,  boiler, 
pumps,  compressor  and  electric  lighting 
plant  have  been  ordered  as  well  as  ma- 
terial for  several  buildings  and  work  of 
grading  for  the  buildings  has  begun.  The 
property  carries  chiefly  silver  with  some 
gold  and  lead.  The  officers  follow: 
President,  T.  L.  Lammers,  of  Spokane; 
vice-president,  Lawrence  Donlan,  of 
Philipsburg,  Mont;  secretary-treasurer  M. 
W.  Neary,  of  Spokane. 

Jehterson  County 
Boston   &  Cor  bin — The    shaft    should 


reach  '.000  ft.  by  Jan.  1,  and  the  prop- 
erty will  then  be  explored  at  that  depth. 

Corbin  Copper — The  tunnel  on  the 
Dewey  claim  is  in  1000  ft.  and  a  winze 
has  been  sunk  16  ft.  but  work  on  the 
tunnel  has  been  discontinued  since  the 
ore  can  be  mined  more  effectively  from 
the  Bonanza  tunnel.  The  latter  is  in  1000 
ft.  and  will  be  driven  another  300  ft.  to 
connect  with  the  Dewey  winze.  Between 
5000  and  6000  tons  of  ore  have  been 
treated  in  the  new  concentrator  which  ac- 
cording to  the  management,  will  be  run 
permanently  when  the  Bonanza  tunnel  is 
connected  with  the  Dewey  winze. 

Chicago  &  Alta — The  property  lies  near 
that  of  the  Boston  &  Corbin  company 
and  is  developed  by  means  of  a  120-ft. 
shaft  which  will  be  sunk  to  300  feet.  A 
5- ft.  vein  has  recently  been  encountered 
in  the  shaft.    J.  K.  Harris  is  in  charge. 

Lewis  and  Clark  County 

Paddy  Norris — The  property  is  near 
Canon  Ferry  about  20  miles  northeast  of 
Helena  and  the  ore  carries  between  60 
and  70  per  cent,  in  lead,  without  silver  or 
gold.  Charles  Gabisch  has  recently  pur- 
chased the  mine  and  has  a  force  at  work 
and  a  concentrator  will  be  built. 
Lincoln  County 

Neiv  Empire  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany— The  property  is  12  miles  southwest 
of  Libby.  A  contract  will  be  let  for  500 
ft.  of  drifting. 

Shaughnessy — The  lower  tunnel  is 
now  in  200  ft.  and  will  be  driven  another 
300  ft.  When  completed  the  tunnel  will 
tap  the  orebodies  at  a  depth  of  180  feet. 

Snowshoe — For  several  weeks  work  of 
pumping  the  water  out  of  the  400-ft. 
shaft  has  been  in  progress  and  it  appears 
that  operations  at  the  mine  will  be  re- 
sumed although  no  statement  has  been 
given  out.  The  mine  is  12  miles  south  of 
Libby.  Friction  among  the  owners  has 
prevented  any  work  for  four  years. 

'"  i 

Nevada 

The  Eureka  &  Palisade  railroad,  which  \ 
was  partially  washed  out  last  February 
and  since  then  has  been  out  of  operation, 
has  been  sold  under  foreclosure  and 
purchased  by  the  United  States  Smelt- 
ing, Refining  and  Mining  Company, 
which  will  rebuild  the  line  in  order  to 
bring  out  the  ore  of  the  Richmond- 
Eureka   mines. 

Humboldt  County 
Michigan-Nevada  Mines  Company— 
This  property  in  the  old  Star  district,  15 
miles  southeast  of  Mill  City,  has  been 
acquired  and  will  be  operated  by  Can- 
adian and  New  York  capital.  There  arc 
30  mineral  claims,  the  development  con- 
sisting of  a  200-ft.  shaft  and  several  tun- 
nels, totaling   1600  feet. 

National  Defiance  Mining  and  Leasing     ,it 
Company-  A  hoisting  plant  has  been  in-    j'S 


i 


December   10.   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1179 


stalled.    The  lease  shaft  is  now  down  200 
ft.  on  the  Charleston  Hill  property. 

Lander  County 
Kimberly  Consolidated — A  body  of 
rich  ore  is  reported  opened  on  the  Hill 
Top  claims.  From  the  Independence 
ground  regular  shipments  are  being 
made.  Foundations  for  a  60-stamp  mill 
are  in. 

Lincoln  County 

The  final  papers  ha'  e  been  signed  for 
the  merger  of  the  Nevada-Utah,  Prince 
Consolidated.  Prince  Centennial,  Ohio- 
Keniucky  and  the  Consolidated  Pioche 
properties  of  the  Pioche.  An  issue  of 
5500,000  bonds  of  the  consolidated  com- 
pany it  is  said,  has  been  underwritten, 
and  the  money  will  be  available  as  soon 
as  the  transfer  of  the  properties  has  been 
completed.  The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
bonds  will  be  used  in  the  construction  of 
a  500-top  concentrating  mill.  The  name 
of  the  new  corporation,  it  is  said,  will  be 
the  Amalgamated  Pioche  Mines  Corpora- 
tion. 

Yellou'pine — This  zinc  mine,  at  Good- 
springs,  will  install  a  concentrating  plant. 

White  Pine  County 

John  Steele  and  Richard  A.  Riepe  have 
srld  their  lead-silver  property  at  Lane 
City  to  Jesse  Knight  and  associates  of 
Salt  Lake  City. 

Giroux — It  is  expected  that  the  Girou.\ 
will  begin  the  hoisting  of  ore  through  its 
Alpha  shaft  in  January.  The  tenth  level 
of  the  Alpha  (which  caved  a  few  years 
ago,  closing  that  portion  of  its  mine  I  has 
been  reopened  and  connected  with  the 
new  big  shaft.  The  12th  level  is  now  be- 
ing connected. 


New  Mexico 

Anderson  Mica  Mining  Company — This 
company,  operating  at  Riberia,  will  estab- 
lish a  factory  at  Topeka,  Kan.,  for  the 
preparation  of  its  product.  H.  B.  Dick- 
ipson,  Topeka,  is  vice-president. 


North  Carolina 
Carolina  Ore  Company — This  com- 
sany  is  building  works  at  Winston-Salem, 
N.  C,  for  the  purpose  of  treating  pyrites 
tsidues,  which  will  be  made  into  briquets 
for  the  use  of  iron  blast  furnaces.  The 
esidues  will  be  obtained  from  the  large 
'trtilizer  works  at  Winston-Salem,  Char- 
otte  and  other  points  in  the  South. 


Pennsylvania 

Anthracite  Coal 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  and  Iron 

^oirrany — The    statement    for    the    four 

.nonths  of  the  fiscal  year  from  July   1   to 

')ct.  31  shows  gross  earnings,  S8,679,040; 

xpenses,    S9,032,842;    deficit,    $3,S3,802. 

compared  with  the  corresponding  pe- 


riod in  1909,  there  was  a  decrease  of 
$180,961  in  gross  earnings,  and  an  in- 
crease of  SI 97,820  in  the  expenses;  the 
deficit  this  year  comparing  with  net  earn- 
ings of  524,979  last  year. 

Lancaster  County 
It  is  stated  the  old  iron  mine  at 
Martieville  is  to  be  reopened.  It  is  now 
owned  by  a  Philadelphia  syndicate,  which 
took  it  over  after  the  Segal  failure.  The 
mine  was  operated  formerly  for  a  number 
of  years;  it  was  taken  up  by  Adolph  Se- 
gal, among  other  enterprises  which  col- 
lapsed with  his  failure.  A  contract  has 
been  let  to  rebuild  the  spur  track  which 
connected  the  mine  with  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  at  Safe  Harbor. 

South  Carolina 
Paragon  Kaolin  Company — This  com- 
pany has  been  organized  to  develop  kao- 
lin deposits  in  Aiken  county.  The  office  is 
at  Langley,  S.  C;  W.  R.  Eve,  of  Ariquita, 
Ga.,  is  at  the  head  of  the  incorporators. 

Utah 
Juab  County 

Yankee  Consolidated — Kellogg  &  Scott, 
the  contractors,  who  have  been  sinking 
the  shaft  to  the  1300  level  have  been 
given  the  contract  for  400  ft.  more  of 
sinking. 

Victoria — The  shaft  on  the  Eureka  side 
is  now  below  the  1 100,  and  as  soon  as  the 
pump  is  cut,  active  development  will  be 
started  for  orebodies  in  this  neighbor- 
hood. 

Tintic  Standard — Drifting  on  the  700- 
ft.  level  along  the  contact  of  limestone 
and  quartzite  has  opened  several  bunches 
of  good  ore,  but  not  in  shipping  quantity. 
Work  is  also  being  done  on  the  1000- ft. 
level. 

Clift — Good  ore  has  been  opened  on 
the  old  Susan  property  at  Silver  City, 
controlled  by  this  company,  and  a  50-ton 
shipment  is  ready  for  the  market.  Frank 
Thornhcrg  has  a  year's  lease,  at  the  ex- 
piration of  which,  work  will  probably  be 
started  on  company  account. 

Colorado — The  last  report  shows  that 
the  cost  of  mining,  including  prospecting 
and  development,  has  increased  from 
S3.32  to  $7.21  per  ton.  This  increase  is 
due  to  more  extensive  prospecting,  and 
to  the  fact  that  a  smaller  tonnage  is  being 
shipped.  The  payment  of  dividends  this 
year  was  practically  80  per  cent,  of  the 
smelter  returns  on  the  ore  marketed. 
There  are  no  liabilities  except  current  op- 
erating expenses  and  taxes.  During  the 
year  arrangements  were  made  to  lend 
the  company's  lurplus  cash  on  demand 
notes  at  2  per  cent,  interest,  ample  secur- 
ity being  provided.  This  brought  in 
$1529.  There  is  $64,500  outstanding  on 
these  loans.  Recent  tests  have  been 
made  on  the  silicious  ores,  and  the  ad- 
visability of  erecting  a  cyanide  plant  is 
being  considered.     A  diamond   drill  has 


been    purchased,    and    will    be    vEed    for 
prospecting. 

Chief  Consolidated — The  report  that  a 
consolidation  of  East  Tintic  properties 
was  being  brought  about  by  this  company 
has  been  denied  by  Manager  Fitch,  who 
states  that  the  Chief  Consolidated  is  not 
in  any   way  connected. 

Iron  Blossom — Work  is  being  done  on 
the  HOO-ft.  level,  south  toward  the  Gov- 
enor  lines.  Ore  has  been  encountered 
in  small  quantities.  It  is  thought  the  De- 
cember dividend  will  be  passed'  unless  a 
market  for  the  silicious  gold-silver  ores 
is  obtained. 

Grand  County 

Green  Mountain  Gold  and  Copper — A 
stipulation  and  order  has  been  entered 
by  Judge  C.  W.  Morse  in  the  case  of  W. 
Johannes  vs.  the  Green  Mountain  Gold 
and  Copper  Company  and  three  of  its 
officers,  by  which  a  special  auditor  will 
be  named  by  the  court  to  look  into  the 
company's  affairs.  The  officers  are 
charged  with  issuing  stocks  to  relatives 
without  authority  or  consideration,  also 
with  creating  an  over  issue  by  selling 
something  like  150,000  shares  additional 
to  other  persons  payable  on  installment, 
there  being  no  stock  in  the  treasury,  ac- 
cording to  the  complaint,  with  which  to 
meet  this  issue.  There  are  other  charges 
alleging  that  the  officers  appropriated  10 
per  cent,  of  the  purchase  price  of  stock 
sold,  as  commissions,  and  a  failure  to 
account  for  the  company's  funds.  A  re- 
ceiver and  accounting  is  asked  for.  The 
property  consists  of  eight  unpatented 
claims  in  the  La  Sal  district,  about  30 
miles  from  a  railroad.  No  work  is  being 
done  at  present. 

Piute  County 

Shamrock — A  car  of  ore  was  shipped 
from  this  property  near  Marysvale  re- 
cently, on  which  settlement  was  made  for 
21  tons  running  $32.20  in  gold,  37  oz. 
silver,  and  6  per  cent,  copper.  This 
brought  $64  a  ton,  making  $1344  for  the 
car.  Development  is  being  done  on  the 
Taft  claim,  where  a  new  find  of  ore,  car- 
rying silver  and  lead  is  reported. 

Cascade — A  raise  is  being  driven  from 
the  tunnel  level  to  the  surface  for  venti- 
lation. 

Jesse — Assessment  is  being  done  on 
this  claim,  formerly  known  as  the  Grand 
View,  which  adjoins  the  Wedge  and  Dal- 
ton  groups. 

Wedge  Consolidated — Arrangements 
are  being  made  to  resume  work  on  this 
property.  Rich  ore  in  small  quantities 
has  been  developed. 

Riilly  liov  &  Webster — The  second  car 
from  the  DeWitt  lease,  which  expired  the 
middle  of  November,  has  been  shipped. 
Work  on  (his  part  of  the  property  will  be 
continued  by  J.  W.  Young  and  associates, 
who  have  two  years'  lease  and  bond  on 
the  group  of  10  claims. 


1180 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  10,   1910. 


Ohio  Copper — Tables  are  being  instal- 
led in  the  second  section  of  the  mill.  The 
present  capacity  is  around  1600  tons  of 
ore  daily. 

Last  Chance — A  lease  has  been  taken 
on  this  property  at  Bingham  by  Morris 
P.  Kirk,  who  was  formerly  superinten- 
dent. Subleases  will  probably  be  let. 
The  Last  Chance  claims  lie  between  the 
Utah  Copper  and  United  States  Mining 
Company  ground,  and  have  been  opened 
by  three  tunnels.  The  longest  of  these 
is  3800  ft.,  and  gives  a  depth  of  900  ft. 
on  the  vein.  The  property  is  owned  by 
the  Nevada-Utah. 

Bingham  Mines — The  buildings  and 
equipment  of  the  Commercial  mine, 
which  were  removed  from  Copper  Center 
gulch  to  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  tunnel, 
have  been  put  in  working  order.  Practic- 
ally everything  except  the  ore  bins  is  in 
place,  and  ready  for  operation.  Work 
has  been  started,  and  300  ft.  driven  of  the 
1000  ft.  necessary  to  connect  the  Niagara 
tunnel  with  the  Commercial  workings. 
Between  9  and  10  ft.  progress  have  been 
made  daily.  At  the  Dalton  &  Lark  prop- 
erty, owned  by  this  company,  a  hoist  has 
been  installed  on  the  1600  level,  and  ore 
from  the  old  Brooklyn  is  being  hoisted, 
and  sent  to  the  Mascotte  tunnel  level, 
from  where  it  is  taken  out  to  the  bins 
on   the    railroad. 

Columbus  Extension — Shipments  to 
the  Columbus  Consolidated  mill  have 
been  suspended,  owing  to  lack  of  power. 
The  extension  recently  broke  into  4  ft. 
of  shipping  ore. 

Columbus  Consolidated — The  principal 
development  is  being  done  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  property  on  the  425-ft.  level. 

Utah  Mines  Coulition — A  winze  is  be- 
ing sunk  on  the  shipping  ore  first  en- 
countered in  the  main  tunnel.  Raising 
Is  also  being  done.  The  tunnel  has  been 
extended  125  ft.  beyond  this  ore,  and  has 
5  ft.  of  ore  in  the  face,  which  carries 
64  oz.  silver,  8  per  cent,  copper,  and  be- 
tween 6  and  8  per  cent.  lead.  Some  spec- 
imens of  ore  showing  crystals  of  wulfen- 
ite  or  lead  molybdate,  are  on  exhibition 
at  the  local  ofRces.  At  present  develop- 
ment and  shipments  are  limited  by  the 
changes  being  made  in  the  equipment. 
Electricity  is  being  substituted  for  gaso- 
lene power  formerly  used.  Temporary 
water  facilities  had  to  be  provided,  owing 
to  the  disappearance  of  Lake  Solitude, 
from  which  water  was  obtained  for  culin- 
ary purposes.  Shipments  will  be  re- 
sumed, when  the  changes  in  equipment 
have  been  made. 

Rexall — A  contract  has  been  given  to 
G.  Malmborg  for  driving  the  tunnel  an- 
other 100  ft.  A  small  mineralized  fissure 
was  cut  recently.    The  face  is  in  860  feet. 

Utah  Copper — Condemation  proceed- 
ings were  filed  against  the  Niagara  Min- 
ing and  Smelting  Company  in  the  district 
court  Nov.  21.     The  Utah  Copper  Com- 


pany   wants    the    ground    involved    for 
dumping   purposes. 


Washington 

Ferry  County 

Knob  Hill — This  company  is  consider- 
ing the  installation  of  a  compressor  plant. 
Joseph  McFarland,  Republic,  is  superin- 
tendent. 

Little  Giant — This  property,  in  the  Or- 
ient district,  has  been  sold  to  the  Can- 
adian Mining  Operators,  Ltd.,  of  Van- 
couver, B.  C. 

Rathbon  Reduction — This  plant  is 
about  completed.  The  first  ore  to  be 
treated  will  be  the  tailings  from  the  Re- 
public mill,  and  then  the  ore  from  the 
Ben  Hur  mine. 

Whatcom  County 
A    strike    of    free-milling    ore    in    the 
northern  part  of  Whatcom  county,  along 
the  Skagit  river,  is  causing  excitement. 

Whitman  County 
Hoodoo — J.  C.  Northrup,  Palouse, 
m.anager,  reports  the  return  of  5.78 
per  cent,  copper  from  a  recent  shipment. 
Operations  at  this  property  will  be  con- 
tinued. 


Wisconsin 

Little  Minnie — This  mill  at  Benton  was 
destroyed  by  fire;  the  plant  will  be  re- 
placed at  once.  William  Haak,  Madison, 
Wis.,  is  president  and  Philip  Vaughn  in 
manager. 

Wilkinson — The  Vinegar  Hill  company, 
of  Galena,  111.,  has  taken  a  90-day  op- 
tion on  this  property  and  is  building  a 
portable  mill  of   12  tons  capacity. 

Roosevelt — This  property  has  been 
acquired  by  the  Knox  Mining  Company. 
Development  has  shown  up  a  body  of  dis- 
seminated zinc  ore. 

Schrier — This  company  has  completed 
a  20-ton  mill  east  of  the  Etna;  A.  Kasch, 
Shullsburg,  Wis.,  is  manager. 


Canada 

British  Columbia 

British  Columbia  Copper — Two  of  the 
three  blast  furnaces  at  this  company's 
smeltery.  Greenwood,  having  their  hearth 
area  increased  50  per  cent.,  the  treatment 
capacity  of  the  furnaces  is  now  one-third 
larger  than  before,  the  maximum  being 
2600  tons  per  day.  Ordinarily  the  ton- 
nage treated  daily  is  2400  to  2500  tons, 
as  compared  with  1800  tons  prior  to  the 
changes.  The  plant  for  feeding  ore  to  the 
furnaces  and  hauling  away  slag  has  been 
increased  proportionately. 

Nciv  Dominion  Copper  Company — The 
Rawhide  mine,  near  Phtenix,  Boundary 
district,  is  shipping  600  tons  of  ore  daily 
to  the  British  Columbia  Copper  smeltery. 
Greenwood,  and  arrangements  are  being 
made  for  a  large  output  up  to  1000  tons 
daily. 


Molly  Gibson — The  Consolidated  Alin- 
ing and  Smelting  Company  has  acquired 
this  silver-lead  mine,  near  Nelson,  and  is 
constructing  an  aerial  tramway  4J<  miles 
toward  the  landing  on  Kootenay  lake. 
The  higher-grade  ore  will  be  shipped  to 
Trail,  and  the  second  grade  concentrated 
a;  the  mine. 

Standard — The  lode  in  No.  5  tunnel  of 
this  Slocan  lake  mine  maintains  its  unu- 
sual width,  with  up  to  20  ft.  of  galena 
ore  of  shipping  grade.  Much  of  the  ore 
shipped  averages  65  per  cent,  lead  and 
75  oz.  silver  per  ton. 

Center  Star — A  recent  important  de- 
velopment in  the  War  Eagle  mine,  of  the 
Center  Star  group,  Rossland,  was  the 
finding  of  a  shoot  of  ore  assaying  up  to 
3.24  oz.  gold  per  ton.  The  examples 
were  taken  over  a  width  of  5  ft.  The  ore 
was  entered  by  the  diamond  drill  at  75 
ft.  below  the  12th  level.  The  group  is 
owned  by  the  Consolidated  company. 

Van  Roi — The  aerial  tramway  has  been 
removed  from  the  western  to  the  eastern 
side  of  the  mountain  and  the  eastern  out- 
let of  the  mine  connected  with  the  new 
concentrating  mill  now  nearing  comple- 
tion. Development  has  been  continued  in 
the  mine,  but  no  ore  has  been  stoped 
pending  completion  of  the  mill.  Much 
concentrating  ore  has  been  opened,  the 
average  assay  value  of  one  shoot  360  ft. 
long  having  been  6.5  per  cent,  lead,  11.8 
per  cent,  zinc,  and  16.68  oz.  silver  per 
ton. 

Nova  Scotia 

Dominion  Steel  Corporation — The  out- 
put for  November  was  as  follows:  Pig 
iron,  23.122  tons;  steel  ingots,  26,025 
tons;  blooms,  23,083  tons;  rails, 
13,425;  rods,  7488  tons;  coal,  325,- 
000  tons.  President  J.  H.  Plummer 
states  that  a  controlling  interest 
in  the  Cumberland  Railway  and  Coal 
Company  will  be  transferred  to  leading 
directors  of  the  Steel  Corporation.  This 
will  give  them  control  of  the  valuable 
Cowans  coal  areas  at  Springhill. 

Ontario 

The    shipments    from    Cobalt    for   the 
•  week  ended  Nov.  25  were :     Drummond, 
480,000  lb.;   Nipissing,    338,610;    Conia 
gas,    190,300;    McKinley-Darragh,     176, 
540;  La  Rose,  147,050;  Kerr  Lake,  120, 
450;    Cobalt   Lake,    114,300;    Crown   Re 
serve,     66,000;     Right-of-Way,     64,000 
Tcmiskaming,     (lO.OOO;    Buffalo,    52,600; 
Tiethewey,       43,400;       total      1,853,250 
pounds. 

Har graves — At  the  375- ft.  level  of  the 
No.  3  shaft,  another  vein  of  high-grade 
ore  has  been  cut  on  this  Cobalt  property. 

City  of  Cobalt — In  this  Cobalt  mine  a 
new  high-grade  vein  has  been  found  on 
the  265- ft.  level. 

Powerful — This  Gowganda  company 
will  shortly  purchase  a  plant  for  installa- 
tion on  the  property  at  Calcitc  lake. 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1181 


Valentine — Operations  will  shortly  be 
resumed  at  this  Cobalt  property. 

Bishop — This  Gowganda  property  will 
install  a  plant  near  Calcite  lake. 

Beaver — Ore  running  4000  oz.  of  silver 
to  the  ton  is  reported  to  have  been  en- 
countered in  a  vtin  7-in.  wide  in  the 
winze  at  the  300-ft.  level  in  this  Cobalt 
mine. 

La  Rose — General  Manager  Watson  re- 
ports that  on  the  Lawson  property  be- 
tween 40  and  50  ft.  of  very  high-grade 
ore  has  been  developed  at  the  188-ft. 
level,  the  vein  averaging  6  to  8  in.  wide 
and  having  every  appearance  of  continu- 
ity. An  average  of  eleven  assays  of  the 
ore  in  the  center  of  the  drift  gives  4618 
oz.  The  development  is  important  as 
showing  that  high-grade  ore  may  be 
found  in  the  Keewatin  at  depth  below  a 
lean  or  barren  outcrop. 

Ontario- Porcupine 

Gode  Burns — This  group  of  claims  in 
ihaw  township  has  been  sold  by  Thomas 
^eilly  to  Toronto  buyers  at  a  price  stated 
0  be  about  $100,000. 

Walsh — The  three  Walsh  claims  in 
!ldorado  township  have  been  sold  under 
ption  to  Montreal  and  New  Brunswick 
iterests.  The  purchase  price  is  stated  as 
50,000  for  a  90  per  cent,  interest.  Quartz 
eins  showing  free  gold  have  been  found 
1  crosscutting. 

Quebec 
Dominion  Goldfields  of  Canada — This 
ontreal  company  is  constructing  a  canal 

Beauce  county  to  bring  about  1000 
iners'  inches  of  water  from  Lake  Fortin 
)wn  to  the  Des  Meules  gold  alluvion, 
'Out  1 '  J  miles  from  BeauceviUe.  Four 
d  one-half  miles  of  the  canal  and  eight 
mes  of  a  total  length  of  4000  ft.  have 
en  finished.  The  grade  is  1 :  600.  The 
'imate  head  will  be  about  250  ft.  Two 
initors  in  conjunction  with  a  mechan- 
il  elevator  will  be  used  in  hydraulick- 
;  the  rich  river  banks.  On  account  of 
;  severe  weather,  drilling  operations 
th  the  Keystone  and  Empire  and  other 
'  Dloring  work,  which  has  been  going  on 
■  the  past  season  in  different  parts  of 
I    Seigneurie,  have  been  suspended,  but 

I  be  taken  up  again  early  in  the  spring, 
11. 

ielmina — About  75  men  are  employed 

.  the   asbestos   mines,    six    miles    from 

( leraine  station,  on  the  Quebec  Central 

t  way.     Two  pits  are  In  operation;  the 

'  ling  plant,  which  has  undergone  many 

nges  since  the  present  company  took 

J   of  it,   treats   as   an   average   about 

tons  of  mill   rock.     The   capacity   is 

tons  in  double  shift. 

Yukon  Territory 
filliam  Moore  and  associates,  of  Daw- 
s<.  have  located  nine  claims  in  the  Bon- 
nJ  Plume  country.  A  fine  placer  strike 
h  also  been  made  at  the  moutf)  of 
G  ing;  creek.    The  gold  is  coarse. 


Mexico 

The  political  unrest  in  Mexico  last 
month  appears  to  have  been  suppressed 
pretty  generally  except  in  the  mountain 
region  west  of  Chihuahua  city.  No  dam- 
age to  and  but  little  interference  with 
American  mining  operations  has  resulted 
anywhere. 

Chihuahua 
Dos  Cabc-as — It  is  reported   that  this 
mine,  at  Nueva  Casas  Grandcs,  has  been 
sold   by    Frank   Lewis   to  Juan  Terrazas, 
of  Chihuahua,   for  570,000. 

Guanajuato 

Guanajuato  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany— The  company  controls  the  follow- 
ing properties  in  the  Santa  Rosa  district: 
San  Cayetano  y  Anexas,  La  Indiana, 
Santo  Tonias,  San  Guillermo,  San  Juan 
y  San  Carlos  y  Ampliacion  and  Pasado 
Manana.  comprising  409  acres;  the 
Noche  Buena,  San  Julio  and  Florodora, 
comprising  46  acres,  in  the  Peregrina 
district;  and  the  Santa  Rosa  del  Nayal 
and  the  Santo  Nifio,  comprising  40  acres, 
in  the  Nayal  district.  Development  has 
been  carried  on  in  all  of  these  prop- 
erties for  two  years.  There  is  reported 
in  sight  in  old  dumps  and  in  mines 
80,000  tons  of  ore  averaging  16  pesos 
per  ton.  Five  shafts  will  be  equipped 
with  electric  hoists.  The  Santa  Rosa 
mines  will  be  connected  by  electric  and 
aerial  tramway  with  a  new  100-ton  all- 
slime  cyanide  mill,  which  it  is  expected 
will  be  in  operation  by  December,  1911. 
Chester  A.  Fulton  is  manager.  The 
stock  has  been  listed  on  the  New  York 
Curb. 

Guanajuato  Consolidated — In  the  three 
months  ended  Nov.  1,  the  mill  crushed 
23,255  tons  with  a  total  recovery  of 
289,126  pesos  and  an  operating  profit  of 
74.829  pesos,  of  which  36,240  pesos  were 
spent  on  development,  accomplishing  893 
ft.  of  development  work.  Joseph  Mac- 
Donald  is  manager. 

Hidalgo 
Cortez  Associated  Mines — This  Bos- 
ton company  is  operating  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  State,  carrying  on  extensive 
development  on  r-opper  and  gold  deposits. 
Work  will  be  continued.  Olaf  Wenstrom 
is  engineer  in  charge. 

Lower  California — San   Antonio 
District 

Compania  Mctalurgica  de  California — 
The  installation  of  the  Butters  filter  press 
and  the  Pachuca  tanks  for  agitation  is 
nearing  completion.  Contracts  are  being 
made  to  transport  a  portion  of  the  re- 
quired 50  tons  per  day  of  ore,  which  will 
be  taken  from  the  Frontera  properties, 
five  kilometers  from  the  mill. 

San  Juanes  Reduction  Company — This 
plant  is  running  smoothly  and  the  results 
are  satisfactory.  The  management  In- 
tends to  erect  a  roasting  furnace  to  treat 


the  large  reserves  of  good  grade  sulphide 
ores. 

Tudos  Santos^  -This  portion  of  the 
Baja  California  is  attracting  attention.  In 
one  week  there  were  six  denouncements. 
Formerly  the  marble  deposit  was  the 
cause  of  interest,  but  a  vein  of  quartz 
carrying  free  gold  has  been  developed. 

Progreso  Mining  Company — This  com- 
pany is  running  the  plant  in  Triunfo  full 
time,  and  the  small  plant  in  San  Antonio 
also. 

San  Luis  Potosi 
The  capacity  of  the  Matehuala  smelt- 
ing plant  is  being  increased  to  800  tons 
daily  by  the  erection  of  a  500-ton  fur- 
nace. The  plant  and  a  number  of  mines 
were  purchased  early  this  year  from  the 
National  Metallurgical  Company,  by  the 
American  Smelters  Securities  Company. 
With  the  completion  of  the  new  furnace 
the  production  of  the  Dolores  mine  in  the 
Matehuala  camp,  the  property  of  the 
Guggenheim  interests  for  a  number  of 
years,  will  be   increased. 

Sonora 

Mexican  West  Coast  Oil  Company — 
Kfforts  are  being  made  by  this  company 
to  purchase  a  large  area  of  ground,  60 
miles  west  of  Cananea,  upon  which  oil 
indications    exist. 

San  Jose — A  hoist  and  power  plant  has 
been  placed  at  this  property  in  the  Ala- 
mos district. 

Mines  Company  of  America — This 
New  York  company  has  leased  the  But- 
ter's mill  in  the  Creston-Colorada  camp 
and  will  increase  the  ore  treated  by  9000 
tons  monthly  making  a  total  of  16,000 
tons  monthly.  La  Dura  mine,  also  in 
Sonora,  belonging  to  the  same  company, 
is  now  shipping.  Plans  for  the  concen- 
trator for  La  Dura  have  been  made  and 
it  is  expected  it  will  be  completed  by 
June,    191 1. 

Veracruz 
Huasteca  Petroleum — From  the  earn- 
ings of  this  company  the  Mexican  Pe- 
troleum Company  of  Delaware,  which 
owns  all  the  Huasteca  stock,  has  com- 
menced the  payment  of  dividends  on  its 
common  stock.  A  dividend  of  SI  a  share 
has  been  declared  for  the  present  quarter, 
and  it  is  announced  that  this  rate  will 
be  continued  during  1910.  There  are 
298,000  shares  of  common  outstanding. 
The  Huasteca  Petroleum  paid  its  first 
dividend,  October,  SI  19,127,  and  inade 
a  similar  payment  in  November.  In  the 
last  four  years  the  Mexican  Petroleum 
of  Delaware  has  paid  over  ,S3,500,000 
on  its  preferred  stock. 


South    America 
Chile 
Braden — It  is  reported  that  this  com- 
pany has  now  developed  7,500,000  ions 
of  ore,  averaging  2.93  per  cent,  copper. 


1182 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December   10,   1910. 


THE  MARKETS 


^       x^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 

New  York,  Dec.  7— In  the  West  there 
are  two  points  of  discussion,  the  car 
shortage  and  the  increase  in  rates  in  In- 
diana and  Illinois.  The  higher  rates  will 
raise  prices  to  consumers,  without  doubt, 
but  will  hardly  decrease  current  de- 
mands for  coal.  Car  shortage  is,  per- 
haps, a  little  less  acute;  but  on  the  other 
hand  heavy  storms  have  interfered  with 
transportation,  so  that  the  situation  is 
hardly  improved.  M  most  consuming 
centers  coal  users  are  running  with  small 
stocks  and  largely  depending  upon  sup- 
plies which  reach  there  from  day  to  day, 
which  is  not  a  desirable  situation. 

In  the  East  the  Seaboard  bituminous 
trade  is  less  active  than  it  has  been.  Car 
shortage  is  felt  to  some  extent,  but  is 
less  pronounced  than   in  the   West. 

The  anthracite  trade  is  steady,  per- 
haps a  little  more  active  than  usual,  but 
without  special  incident. 

Illinois  Coal  Rates — The  Illinois  Rail- 
road Commission  has  approved  the  gen- 
eral increase  in  freight  rates  on  coal  pro- 
posed by  the  railroads  of  the  State.  The 
advance  is  about  7c.  per  ton,  and  takes 
effect  during  the  present  month.  A  sim- 
ilar increase  has  been  approved  by  the 
Indiana  Railroad  Commission. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 
United  States  Coal  Exports — Exports 
of  coal  and  coke  from  the  United  States, 
with  coal  furnished  to  steamships  in 
foreign  trade,  10  months  ended  Oct.  31, 
long  tons: 

V.m>.  I'.llll.        Cliaugos. 

.\lithraclte 2,:).5'.l,(!lll       2,483,41;!      I.      1'23,7;VJ 

Bituminous    «,li;2,7K4       '.l,105,7«7      I.  r.lHH.IKi:; 

Total  exports..  10,4(a,446  11,389,200  I.  1.12(;.7i)r> 
Stoamor  coal .'>,i:«.1.54      5.417,517     I.     283,:«;;i 

Total l.-.,.5iir).,WJ     17,0110,717      1.1.410,118 

Coke 730,720  71.1.140     1).        l.-.,.->74 

Canada  took  this  year  8,870,240  tons 
of  coal,  or  76.5  per  cent,  of  the  total  ex- 
ports. Cuba  took  681,261  tons  of  coal. 
The  coke  wently  chiefly  to  Mexico  and 
Canada. 

United  States  Coal  Imports — Imports 
nf  coal  and  coke  into  the  United  States, 
10  months  ended  Oct.  ,31,  long  tons: 

1U09.  1910.     Ohnnnos. 

Antlimclto 2.125  162     D.      1.9r,3 

Bituminous '.I»3,720      l.C.28,lll      I.  G:H,3!I1 

Total  coal 09r),84.')       l,«2H,27;l      1.032,428 

Coko H3,l.')0  120.113     D.    23.037 

Canada  furnished  this  year  1,386,091 
tins  of  coal  and  nearly  all  the  coke; 
Australia,  176,710  tons  of  coal;  Japan, 
51,537  tons  of  coal.  Imports  are  chiefly 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  in  the  far  north- 


western  States.      Anthracite    imports   not 
reported  since  July  1  of  this  year. 


there  is  a  steady  output, 
coke  prices  are  strong. 


Both  coal  and 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Dec.  7 — The  weather  has  been  cold 
and  generally  favorable  to  trade.  At  this 
time  of  year  we  are  apt  to  have  a  good 
deal  of  a  weather  market,  and  the  pres- 
ent time  is  propitious  for  the  trade.  At 
the  same  time  a  heavy  snowstorm  is  in- 
terfering with  local  deliveries.  Steam 
trade  is  active. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  lump,  S5  for  egg  and  stove  and 
S5.25  for  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor.  Steam  sizes  are  unchanged.  We 
quote  for  pea,  $3((i3.2b;  buckwheat, 
S2. 25^'/ 2.75;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
S1.80f-/2.25;  barley,  S1.40'-r/ 1.75;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Bituminous 

Demand  is  still  rather  quiet  and  buying 
is  limited  for  the  time  being.  The  call 
for  the  shoalwater  ports  has  been  cut  off 
by  cold  weather,  ice  enough  having  been 
formed  to  stop  navigation. 

Gas  coals  are  about  the  same,  ^i-in. 
bringing  Sl.lOrr/  1.15  at  mines,  and  run- 
of-mine  Slr<(|.05.  Low-volatile  steam 
coals  can  he  had  at  S2.75rr/2.85  for  lower 
grade,  and  up  to  S3. 10r((3.20  for  better 
sorts,  all  f.o.b.  New  York  harbor. 

Car  supply  is  rather  irregular.  Trans- 
portation is  slow,  on  account  of  the  heavy 
snowstorm  of  this  week,  which  has 
blocked  several  roads;  and  has  also  in- 
terfered to  some  extent  with  harbor  de- 
liveries. 

Coastwise  vessel  rates  are  nominally 
unchanged,  but  higher  prices  have  been 
paid.  It  is  hard  to  get  boats  as  they  do 
not  want  to  risk  stormy  weather. 

Birmingham 

Dec.  5 — Coal  operations  in  Alabama 
are  only  interferred  with  by  the  supply 
of  railroad  cars.  The  coal-car  shortage 
promises  to  be  the  worst  during  this 
month.  There  is  steady  operation  at  all 
mines  where  cars  can  be  had  for  the 
business.  There  is  a  great  quantity  of 
coal  still  to  be  mined  on  orders  in  hand, 
while  other  business  is  in  sight.  Reports 
that  many  million  bushels  of  coal  had 
started  down  the  rivers  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, some  of  it  destined  for  the  New 
Orleans  market,  where  Alabama  coal  has 
already  gained  a  good  foothold,  cause  no 
alarm  among  the  operators  in  this  dis- 
trict. 

The   coke   demand    is   also   strong   and 


Chicago 

Dec.  5 — Under  the  influence  of  con- 
tinued cold  weather  and  the  need  of  large 
stocks  against  transportation  emergencies, 
the  coal  market  continues  strong.  With 
the  ruling  of  the  Illinois  Railroad  and 
Warehouse  Commission  permitting  an  ad- 
vance of  7c.  per  ton  on  coal  from  mines 
in  this  State,  prices  on  December  de- 
liveries have  risen  generally  about  10c, 
This  change  has  been  expected  for  two  or 
three  weeks,  with  the  result  that  many 
consumers  and  dealers  loaded  up  rather 
heavily  before  the  first  of  the  month. 
An  increase  of  10c.  applies  on  all  coal 
fiom  Indiana  mines,  also,  so  that  the 
greater  part  of  the  Chicago  market  is  af- 
fected. The  heaviest  demand  is  for  these 
Western  coals  in  all  sizes,  but  Eastern 
coals  have  profited  also  out  of  the  gen- 
eral increase  in  demand.  All  sizes  and 
grades  of  coal  hold  well  up  to  price  lists, 
there  being  practically  no  surplus  coal  on 
tracks  to  cause  cutting  of  prices.  The 
demand  for  domestic  coals  is  very  heavy 
in  city  and  country,  with  anthracite  scarce 
in  the  bins  of  retailers  and  consumers 
as  is  shown  in  the  great  number  of  or- 
ders received  with  each  cold  wave.  Stean 
coals  are  selling  steadily  and  well,  witi 
no  signs  of  serious  falling  off  in  the  de 
niand. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  coals  bring  S2.20''i 
3.10  for  lump,  $1.90ri/2.10  for  run-of 
mine  and  ,S1.50r((  1.95  for  screenings 
Smokeless,  the  most  in  use  of  coals  fron 
east  of  Indiana,  holds  firmly  to  S3.95  fo 
lump  and  S3. 30  for  run-of-mine,  witI 
lump  the  more  in  demand  and  shipment 
of  both  well  regulated.  Hocking  con 
tinues  strong  and  sometimes  hard  to  gel , 
with  the  price  holding  firm  at  S3.40.  Ga 
and  special  coals  are  in  good  supply  an^ 
find  a  strong,  steady  market. 


Cleveland 

Dec.  5 — There  will  be  no  extension  o: 
Lake  insurance  from  Dec.  1.  A  few  car 
goes  have  gone  up  in  the  past  week,  bu 
at  special  rates,  50c.  having  been  paid  I 
a  Lake  Michigan  port,  and  75c.  to  Gree 
Bay. 

Trade  locally  continues  very  actlvi 
It  is  difhcult  to  quote  prices,  as  supplie 
are  irregular  and  premiums  are  paid  i 
many  cases  by  those  who  are  in  a  hurr 
to  get  coal. 

Indianapolis 
Dec.    5-  The    Indiana    Railroad   Con 
mission    has    granted    permission    to  a 


i 


December   10.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1183 


railroads  in  the  State  which  receive  coal 
at  the  mines,  and  which  base  their  tariffs 
on  rates  into  Chicago  and  Hammond,  to 
increase  the  coal  rate  7c.  a  ton  on  inter- 
state shipments.  The  increase  of  10c. , 
which  was  proposed  by  the  railroads, 
was  thus  reduced  to  7c..  effective  at 
once.  The  increase  affects  virtually  the 
entire  north  half  of  the  State.  The  per- 
mision  granted  by  the  commission  spe- 
cified only  such  shipments  as  are  con- 
trolled wholly  by  the  Hammond  and 
Chicago  rates.  Whether  the  roads  will 
make  the  change  effective  for  all  points 
not  directly  affected  by  these  rates  is 
not  known.  The  7c.  increase  is  in  keep- 
ing with  the  increase  in  Illinois.  The 
roads  concerned  asked  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  to  file  tariffs  at 
once  increasing  the  interstate  rates  to 
the  same  amount,  but  the  Indiana  com- 
mission  has   received   no   word. 

It  is  expected  by  the  commission  that 
the  roads  will  adjust  all  their  coal  rates, 
outside  the  southern  Indiana  competitive 
territory,  on  the  basis  established,  and 
that  the  increase  throughout  the  entire 
north  half  of  the  State  will  be  7c.  In 
the  south  half,  increases  will  not  be 
nade,  in  all  probability,  because  of  com- 
petition with  the  Indianapolis  Southern, 
which  cannot  increase  its  present  rate 
because  of  its  franchise  agreement  with 
the  city   of  Indianapolis. 


Pittsburg 

Dec.  6 — The  local  coal  market  continues 
luiet  and  demand  has  decreased  slightly 
)win  to  the  general  slackening  in  indus- 
rial  operations.  Car  supply  issatisfactory. 
Regular  prices  which  follow  are  shaded 
in  particularly  desirable  orders,  but  hold 
'.ood  for  ordinary  lots:  Mine-run  and 
mt,  SI.15;  .34-in..  S1.35;  I'i-in.,  Sl,40; 
lack,  82 '/J  Cr/ 85c.  per  ton. 

Connellsvillf  Coke — The  movement  for 

central  selling  agency  has  lost  ground 
T  the  past  week  and  it  now  seems  im- 
■robable  that  any  concerted  action  will 
c  taken.  One  of  the  chief  difficulties 
•as  the  making  of  a  basis  for  taking  in 
ie  different  grades  of  coke.  As  furnaces 
ave  become  more  discriminating  and  as 
ew  parcels  of  coal  have  been  opened  up. 
le  question  of  quality  has  assumed 
'uch  more  importance  than  obtained  a 
;w  years  ago.  The  market  has  been  al- 
ios! bare  nf  new  developments  in  the 
•eek.  The  last  contract  of  importance 
as  that  of  the  Youngstown  Sheet  and 
ube  Company,  covering  28.000  tons 
lonthly  over  next  year,  at  a  ratio  of  8  to 

on  basic  iron,  with  a  minimum  of  SI. 60, 
le  ratio  working  out  at  about  SI. 65  on 
le  present  pig-iron  market.  A  sale  of 
100  tons  of  prompt  coke  has  been  made 
^1.60^  but  this  was  about  the  best 
>ke  the  old  region  produces,  so  that  the 
"ice  is  not  indicative  of  the  average 
in.  We  repeat  former  quotations,  which 
•e   largely   nominal:      Prompt    furnace, 

.40(r(1.50;     contract     furnace.    S1.75W 


!.«5;  prompt  foundry,  S2'''/2.1();  contract 
ff^undry,  .S2.25r,/ 2.50,   at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production  in 
the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville 
region  in  the  week  ended  Nov.  26,  at 
285,049  tons,  a  decrease  of  41,000  tons; 
shipments  at  2567  cars  to  Pittsburg,  4945 
cars  to  points  west  and  575  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  8087  cars. 


St.  Louis 

Dec.  5 — The  market  has  settled  down 
to  what  is  a  strictly  normal  basis  for  this 
time  of  the  year.  It  is  the  first  time 
that  we  have  had  what  might  be  called 
an  absolutely  normal  market  for  nearly 
a  year  and  it  comes  hard  for  coal  op- 
erators to  realize  it.  The  coal  trade  is 
now  experiencing  the  regular  dull  per- 
iod after  the  first  fall  rush.  The  chances 
are  that  in  the  course  of  several  weeks, 
when  the  consumers  are  forced  to  buy 
again,  the  market  will  pick  up,  though 
it  will  take  unusual  conditions  to  enable 
operators  to  get  prices  such  as  they  have 
had  during  the  last  three  months.  Cold 
weather  has  started  in  quite  early  and 
has  been  unusually  severe  for  this  time 
of  the  year. 

The  car  situation  remains  about  the 
same.  The  weather  has  been  very  much 
colder  during  the  last  few  days  accom- 
panied by  a  heavy  snow.  This  will  not 
improve  the  movement  of  cars. 

The  demand  for  fine  coal  is  much  bet- 
ter and  screenings  are  now  bringing 
about  50c.  per  ton  at  mine.  Nut  and 
mine-run  are  also  firmer  and  the  stand- 
ard grade  is  bringing  around  SI  at  the 
mine. 

Current  prices  in  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 


I'-.o.b. 

,     ,  F.o.b.  St. 

•^•"'"'^'•'':  Mine.  Louis. 

''-!"    !""il) 1  40  1    92 

t':'"    '"'"" 20  172 

.^''";;-™" 1  TO  1-Vi 

--"'•' 1   00  1    -..) 

2-m.  sc-reenings „  .,„  „  gj 

P«-a  aiKl  slack 0  3^  [^  J.:; 

Slauiilon,  .\II.  Olive  A-  .SpriiiKfield : 

']-'."■  I"'"P 2  00  •'   •,' 

•*-!"    '""IP i.7r,  i>  27 

^'!n<'-''"'i 1    10  I    «,.. 

2-!n»"t I  wi  i.v' 

2-in.  .screcniiiKS 0  .-,,1  ,   ,,0 

Carlervillc: 

fi-in.  Iiuni)  or  <;kk 17^,  .,   .., 

■*:!"""'    re  227 

.Minc-nin j    .)(,  7  J- 

li-in.  scrccninKs or;,  ]    |'> 

Kraiiklin  County: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg. 200  ■'  R7 

■t-!"   ""' i'7.-.  '>i'> 

2-in.  nui J  :„  .•;   '= 

1  J-in.  screeninKS '_  g  V.".  T    I' 

Trenton: 

8-i"    '""'P 2..W  .i  02 

B-in.  OKK 2  V)  -in-) 

^-i" ""' ::::::  i.m  iU 

Pennsylvania  .\nthracite: 

Chesnut -  .,„ 

Stove  and  egg '.'.'.'.'.'.  A  oi 

'■'■'"<• ::::  6;7o 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 2  oO  .">  HO 

Ga.s  house "  V  00 

.SmithiuK  eoal ,[  i.Qr,  .'(    1,-, 

Pooaliontns  .Smokeless: 

Lump  and  egg.                    2  2.5  4  7'! 

Mine--un                                1   2.1  :<  7!") 


Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  per 
ton   below   the   St.   Louis   quotations. 

Anthracite — The  market  is  good  and  an 
unusually  large  tonnage  is  coming  for- 
ward. Chestnut  is  in  heavy  demand  even 
at  the  advanced  price.  All  the  large 
companies  have  bought  heavily  on  all 
sizes  in  order  to  obtain  chestnut;  how- 
ever, they  all  seem  to  be  absorbed  freely 
and  nothing  has  been  up  to  demurrage 
in  East  St.  Louis  for  some  time. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


Nova  Scotia  Coal— Coal  shipments 
from  Nova  Scotia  mines,  10  months  end- 
ed Oct.  31,  long  tons: 

Cnmiiany:  y.m.  1910.        Changes. 

iJ""'!"'"" 2,0!W,U:)    a.fiH'J.fiOO      I.     5111457 

Nmvh  hrutla  steel  ..      S.'iU.aili        (i«7.9U6      I.        37700 

Iliv.M-iiehB l«.5,70l!        221.692      I.        ;j,5'>l86 

^™""'- 22t;.79i;        225.052     D.  1744 

Interonlonlal 2ll!l,41(i        197.7.50    D         ll(jr,6 


■^'"'"' 3,:i70.2B7     4,022,000      I.     (i51,733 

The  total  increase  was  19.3  per  cent. 
Two  companies  showed  small  decreases; 
the  olhers  considerable  gains. 

Welsh  Coal  Pr/cfs— Messrs.  Hull, 
BIyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
prices  of  coal  on  Nov.  26  as  follows: 
Best  Welsh  steam  coal,  $3.96;  seconds, 
S3.78;  thirds,  .S3.60;  dry  coals,  $3.72; 
best  Monmouthshire,  ,S3.54;  seconds, 
S3.36;  best  steam  small  coal.  ,S2.34; 
seconds,  ,S2.10.  All  prices  are  per  long 
ton,  f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30 
days,  less  2'<  per  cent,  discount. 


il  [IRON  TRADE-REVIEW  III?" 


New  York,  Dec.  7— The  conference  ot 
steel  men,  to  which  reference  was  made 
last  week,  did  not  result  in  any  positive 
action.  From  such  statements  as  have 
been  given  out,  however,  it  is  evident 
that  there  was  a  general  understanding 
and  agreement  that  prices  should  be 
maintained  at  about  the  present  level; 
and  that  there  should  be  no  general 
movement  to  stimulate  business  by  re- 
ducing quotations.  Committees  were  ap- 
pointed to  consider  the  trade  conditions, 
and  it  is  said  that  another  conference 
will  be  held  soon.  The  response  to  this 
decision  has  been  a  general  dullness, 
which  most  people  in  the  trade  expect 
will  last  through  December.  Quite  a 
number  of  small  building  projects  are 
held  back,  and  some  other  work  will 
wait   for  a   turn. 

Pig-iron  sales  in  Eastern  territory  have 
been  mainly  limited  to  foundry  iron  for 
first-quarter  delivery.  Southern  furnaces 
are  hungry  for  business  and  arc  now 
willing  to  take  SI  I  Birmingham  for  No. 
2  foundry  for  such  deliveries.  In  the 
Central  West  some  business  has  been 
done  in  basic  pig  and  a  little  in  forge. 

In  finished  material  bars  and  struc- 
tural steel  have  furnished  most  of  the 
business  going.  New  orders  generally 
have  been  light,  but  specifications  on 
contracts   are   reported    better. 


1184 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


The  American  Bridge  Company  '  has 
taken  a  contract  to  build  20  steel  tank 
barges  for  the  Standard  Oil  Company. 
They  are  to  be  used  in  the  trade  down 
the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore— Preliminary 
figures  for  the  Lake  movement  of  iron 
ores  for  the  season  just  closing  put  the 
total  at  42,620,200  tons,  a  decrease  from 
1909  of  63,400  tons. 


Baltimore 
Dec.  5 — Exports  for  the  week  included 
5,516,800  lb.  steel  billets  to  Great  Britain. 
Imports  included  3341  tons  iron  pyrites 
from  Huelva,  Spain;  29,680  tons  iron  ore 
from  Cuba. 

Birmingham 

£)ec_  5 — The  month  of  December  prom- 
ises to  be  a  good  one  in  a  way  with  the 
Southern  pig-iron  manufacturers.  A  cur- 
tailment of  production  is  on.  This  condi- 
tion will  prevail  throughout  the  month, 
perhaps  increase.  Quite  a  number  of 
srdes  have  been  made  lately  for  deliv- 
ery during  the  first  three  months  of  \9\\ 
with  a  few  sales  for  immediate  delivery. 
The  quotations  have  weakened.  No.  2 
foundry  now  selling  at  $11  per  ton.  It 
ic  claimed  that  there  is  no  profit  in  iron 
a:  Sll  per  ton,  but  there  is  still  selling 
3oing  on  at  that  price  and  for  delivery 
during  the  first  quarter  of  1911.  It  is 
expected  that  with  a  curtailed  production 
and  some  selling,  the  accumulated  stocks 
of  iron  can  be  removed.  There  will 
hardly  be  any  resumption  of  operations 
a'  furnaces  until  after  the  new  year.  Two 
furnaces  went  out  of  commission  last 
week  and  it  is  stated  there  will  be  another 
furnace  or  two  out  during  the  next  three 
weeks.  There  is  about  300,000  tons  of 
pig  iron  on  Southern  furnace  and  war- 
■•ant  yards.  Some  iron  is  being  shipped 
out  on  export  orders,  but  this  is  not  ex- 
tensive  business. 

A  few  inquiries  are  coming  in  for  iron 
to  be  delivered  during  the  last  half  of 
1911.  There  is  no  desire  expressed  in 
this  section  to  handle  this  business  just 
yet,  and  as  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  no 
orders  have  been  booked. 

Chicago 
Dec.  5 — Quiet  conditions  continue  in 
the  iron  market,  which  probably  will  not 
show  any  marked  change  until  after  the 
imaginary  line  of  the  first  of  the  year  has 
been  passed.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  in- 
quiry for  first-half  iron  and  a  consider- 
able aggregate  of  tonnage  is  booked  for 
first-quarter  deliveries  in  small  individual 
lots.  The  exceptional  contract  is  for  1000 
to  3000  tons  or  more,  for  most  buyers 
continue  to  prefer  to  come  into  the  mar- 
ket often  for  their  requirements  up  to 
1000  tons.  Northern  iron  holds  well  to 
$16.50  for  genera!  first-half  requirements, 
with  some  sales  made  for  December  and 
first-quarter  shipment  at  $16.  -Southern 
furnishes  the   bulk    of    the    first-quarter 


business,  at  $llr((  11.50,  Birmingham 
($15.35'()  15.85,  Chicago),  the  higher 
price  being  demanded  on  second-quarter 
deliveries. 

Sales  of  iron  and  steel  products  are  in 
general  quiet,  with  the  tendency  to  cau- 
tion in  making  purchases  or  contracts 
apparent  almost  everywhere  except  in  the 
structural  material  line,  where  consider- 
able  tonnage   is   in   sight. 

Philadelphia 

Dec.  7 — The  only  possible  further 
weakening  in  pig  iron  in  eastern  Penn- 
sylvania will  be  due  to  the  anxiety  of 
the  holders  of  surplus  stock  to  get  rid 
of  it.  A  few  furnaces  have  been  blown 
out  and  two  or  three  more  may  be  added 
to  the  idle  list,  but  makers  are  extremely 
anxious  to  keep  going  and  will  sell  down 
close  to  cost.  Prices  have  not  weakened 
and  the  amount  of  business  done  is 
trifling.  Even  the  larger  concerns  are 
buying  in  a  hand-to-mouth  way  and  in 
two  or  three  cases  where  the  buyers  were 
asked  to  give  a  reason  for  this  policy  at 
a  time  when  prices  could  hardly  go  lower 
could  say  no  more  than  that  any  upward 
tendency  for  some  time  to  come  was  out 
of  the  question.  Southern  makers  are 
canvassing  this  territory  but  the  best 
terms  they  are  able  to  make  do  not  bring 
out  large  orders.  Makers  draw  some 
comfort  from  the  fact  that  very  few 
consumers  have  stocks  worth  mentioning. 
Today's  lowest  quotation  for  good  No.  2 
foundry  is  $15.75;  for  gray  forge,  $14.50. 
Basic  is  nominally  S15  per  ton. 

Steel  Billets — Special  inducements  in 
the  way  of  concessions  brought  out  some 
buyers  for  billets  but  their  orders  were 
small  as  they  are  given  the  opportunity 
of  buying  more  at  the  same  price  within 
30  days. 

Bars — In  view  of  a  possible  severe 
winter,  quite  a  number  of  buyers  in  this 
and  more  remote  territory  have  ordered 
iron  for  sorting-up  purposes,  and  these 
orders  have  given  a  fair  week's  business. 

Sheets — Sheets  have  fared  somewhat 
better.  Consumers  have  run  on  extremely 
narrow  stocks  for  several  months.  While 
winter  trade  is  not  as  good  as  trade  in 
other  seasons,  there  has  been  a  fairly 
active  buying  movement  in  small  lots, 
which  local  mill  men  say  is  likely  to 
continue  until  the  close  of  the  year. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Locomotive  work  is 
abundant  and  this  source  of  consumption 
is  the  strongest  in  the  tube  industry  at 
present.  Other  smaller  interests  report 
work  somewhat  better  than  in  the  fall 
but  it  is  largely  of  a  repairing  char- 
tcter.  Merchant  pipe  continues  dull;  re- 
5orts  from  cast-iron  pipe  foundries  show 
he  usual  activity. 

Plates — Plate  manufacturers  are  show- 
ing anxiety  to  close  on  some  business  that 
has  been  hanging  fire  for  several  weeks. 
The  placing  of  some  large  orders  for 
steel  cars  is  helping  steel  plate  and  in- 


quiries are  now  on  the  market  for  some- 
thing over  15,000  tons. 

Structural  Material — A  better  steel-car 
business  is  helping  out  in  structural  ma- 
terial and  four  or  five  orders  of  some 
magnitude  have  been  sent  to  the  mills 
within  a  day  or  two. 

Scrap — More  scrap  is  selling  and  its 
activity  is  due  to  the  presentation  of 
actual  necessity  involving  immediate 
shipment.  Holders  of  scrap  are  willing 
to  let  everything  go  at  the  low  current 
prices  excepting  old  rails.  Heavy  steel 
scrap  and  railroad  scrap  appear  to  be  in 
moderate  supply. 


Pittsburg 

Dec.  6 — Iron  and  steel  producers  have 
a  clearer  conception  of  the  position  since 
last  Wednesday's  meeting  in  New  York. 
It  is  established  that  there  is  no  particu- 
lar desire  among  producers  for  any  re- 
duction in  finished  steel  prices  at  this 
time,  while  there  is  an  important,  if  not 
a  majority  sentiment  that  there  should 
be  reductions  at  some  later  time,  pre- 
sumably about  the  middle  of  January. 
Many  buying  interests,  and  particularly 
the  railroads,  are  clearly  of  the  view  that 
prices  should  be  lower  on  account  of  the 
light  demand  and  the  decreasing  rate  of 
production,  even  though  the  iron  industry 
now  is  not  running  at  over  60  per  cent, 
of  capacity.  This  feeling  will  probably 
be  accentuated  a  few  weeks  hence,  for 
the  trend  is  toward  still  lower  produc- 
tion and  still  greater  need  of  new  busi- 
ness. 

The  course  of  the  trade  in  the  past  six 
months  has  been  monotonous  for  its  reg- 
ularity. There  has  been  a  continued 
playing  out  of  old  contracts  and  orders, 
whereby  the  volume  of  unfilled  orders  on 
the  books  of  steel  companies  has  con- 
tinually decreased.  Against  a  small  part 
of  the  tonnage  which  has  been  exhausted 
new  buying  has  appeared,  so  that  in  a 
limited  way  buying  has  increased.  This 
increase  has  been  more  or  less  steady 
since  last  August,  as  mentioned  by  Chair- 
man Gary  in  his  statement  after  last 
week's  meeting.  It  is  important  to  ob- 
serve, however,  that  the  increase  in  daily 
bookings  has  pretty  clearly  been  due  to 
the  exhaustion  of  old  orders,  so  that  the 
increase  has  not  produced  increased  ship- 
ments to  buyers,  the  rate  of  shipment,  on 
the  other  hand,  constantly  decreasing. 
The  true  measure  of  activity  in  the  trade 
has  been  the  volume  of  shipments,  rather 
than  the  volume  of  new  orders,  and  the 
activity  in  shipments  has  been  in  di- 
rect relation  to  the  general  business  ac- 
tivity of  the   country. 

A  prominent  feature  of  the  present 
situation,  and  one  that  has  bee»  lacking 
sometimes  in  similar  general  conditions 
in  the  past,  is  that  production  of  steel 
is  being  closely  regulated  to  shipments, 
so  that  there  is  no  accumulation  of  pig 
iron,   unfinished    steel,   or    finished   pro- 


i 


December  10,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1185 


ducts  by  the  steel  mills,  so  that  their 
blast-furnace  operations  are  an  accurate 
index  to  their  shipments.  Thus  the  Steel 
Corporation,  which  was  operating  67  per 
cent,  of  its  blast  furnace  capacity  Oct. 
1,  and  63  per  cent,  on  Nov.  1  is  now 
operating  about  55  per  cent.,  its  finished 
steel  shipments  being  a  slightly  larger 
percentage  of  its  capacity,  as  the  latter 
falls  short  of  the  pig-iron  capacity.  On 
the  whole  the  independents  are  probably 
running  at  between  60  and  65  per  cent. 
:>{  capacity,  with  prospects  of  a  further 
iecrease. 

Prices  of  bars,  plates  and  shapes  are 
leing   fairly   well   held.     Bars   are  being 
haded  SI   a  ton  by  Chicago  district  in- 
lependents,    and    plates    by     the     same 
mount  by  two  or  three  Ohio  and  West- 
rn     Pennsylvania    independents.      There 
re  rumors  of  occasional  shading  in  wire 
roducts  and  merchant  pipe. 
Pig  Iron — The   basic   average    for   No- 
'  ember  is  announced  at  S13,363,  Valley, 
gainst  S13.15  in  October.  The  advance  is 
ttributable  to  the  number  of  sales  in  the 
lonth   for  forward  delivery,  which  com- 
landed  higher  prices  than  prompt.     The 
flcial  bessemer  average  is  announced  at 
14.94,  Valley,  against  S15  in  October  and 
present  market  of  S15.     The  local  pig- 
on  market  has  been  very  quiet.     Besse- 
er  has   been    held   at   $15,   Valley,    al- 
ough  there  is  a  rumor  of  a  small  sale  at 
few  cents  under  this  figure.  Not  enough 
quiry  for  basic  has  developed  to  make 
market.     It  is  claimed  that  S13.10.  Val- 
y,  can    be   done    for    prompt,    but    fur- 
ces  assert  that  the  lowest  asking  price 
S13.50.  Foundry  iron  has  sold  at  S13.75 
d  S14,   Valley,   depending   on    tonnage 
d  delivery.     It  is  rumored  that  an  im- 
rtant    interest    has    started    to    cut    the 
3.75  price  in  order  to  book  up. 
Ferromanganesc — The     market    contin- 
s  quiet;  .S38.50.  Baltimore,  with  $1.95 
Mght  to   Pittsburg,  is  the  usual   asking 
ice;    but    this    price     can     usually     be 
ided. 

Steel — The  mills  continue  to  quote  $23 
■  bessemer  billets  and  S24.50  on  bes- 
ner  sheet  bars,  Pittsburg,  plus  full 
•  ight  to  destination.  There  are  rumors 
I  cutting  in  this  line.  Open-hearth  steel 
i  nominally  about  the  same  as  bessemer 
I  attractive  orders  would  probably  go 
I  about  50c.  less,  particularly  for  sheet 
I  ■$,  Rods  are  easier,  it  being  possible 
t  do  S28,  Pittsburg.  Some  low  prices 
<  forging  billets  are  being  made  by  mills 
noved  from  Pittsburg,  the  Pittsburg 
P:e  being  quotable  at  about  $28  per  ton. 
'heets— James  A.  Campbell,  president 
c  the  Youngstown  Sheet  &  Tube  Com- 
Piy  and  chairman  of  the  sheet  branch  in 
i  American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute, 
h  called  a  general  meeting  of  sheet  pro- 
d^ers  to  be  held  at  Pittsburg,  Dec.  8, 
t<|Conslder  price  cutting  and  possible 
riiedies.  While  many  of  the  mills  have 
*"  T    cutting,    three    or    four    mills    have 


taken  the  lead  and  the  success  of  a  move- 
ment for  better  conditions  is  held  to  de- 
pend largely  upon  their  cooperation.  We 
quote  black  sheets  at  2.15c.  and  galvan- 
ized at  3.20c.,  these  prices  being  shaded 
on  attractive  business,  but  held  fairly 
well  on  carload  orders.  Corrugated  sheets 
are  $1.55  per  square  for  painted  and 
$2.75  for  galvanized.  These  prices  are 
5c.  per  square  lower  than  the  nominal 
quotations  which  it  has  been  sought  to 
maintain. 


St.  Louis 
Dec.  5 — The  demand  for  pig  iron  has 
fallen  off  slightly.  A  few  inquiries  have 
been  received  but  orders  have  been  light. 
The  price  of  $11.50  per  ton  f.o.b.  Birm- 
ingham or  $15.25  per  ton  f.o.b.  St.  Louis 
is  prevailing  although  it  is  rumored  that 
this  price  is  being  shaded  25c.  per  ton  in 
a  few  instances. 


all  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE   s 


British  Foreign  Trade — Exports  and  im^ 
ports  of  iron  and  of  machinery  in  Great 
Britain,  ten  months  ended  Oct.  31,  are 
valued  by  the  Board  of  Trade  returns  as 
below: 

Exports.     Imports.         Excess. 

Iron  and  .steel  £35,i;71,4ri2  £  7.'J'.I7.B4U  Ex.  £28,373.812 
Cutlory    and 

bardwiiro  . .       .'),264,S«1       1,(143,1(11  Ex.       4,221,700 

Machinery...    24,185,3.50      3,6'.>8,431  Ex.    2(l,48(;,lil9 

Now  shlp.s 8,044,529        Ex.      H.044,529 


Total £73.1(;6,192  £12,039,172  Ex,  £G1, 127,020 

Total.  190!l,.     i;4.4.58.C17     11,347,796  Ex.     .53,110,821 

Increase  in  exports,  £8,707,575,  or  13.5 
per  cent.  Increase  in  imports,  £691,376, 
or  6.1  per  cent..  The  quantities  of  iron 
and  steel  reported  were,  in  long  tons: 

I'.iii'.i.  I'.iliJ.       Changes. 

ImiKirts 3,46(1,111     3,829.399      I.     363.288 

Exports 982,423    1,092,587      I.      110,164 

The  imports  were  largely  of  crude  or 
semi-finished  material,  as  pig  iron,  billets 
and  blooms. 


J II  METAL-  MARKETS  [Q 


New  York.  Dee.  7 — The  pessimism  to 
which  reference  was  made  last  week  has 
not  passed  over,  and  the  metal  markets 
generally  have  been  inclined  to  be  quiet. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


CXITKD    STATUS     GOLD    AND    SII.VRn     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports, 

Excess. 

Qohl  : 

Oct.     191(1., 
1909.. 

Year  1910.. 
••      1909.. 

$    7.50.330 

9.379.402 

.56.0IW  411 

ior.,(;.52,23r. 

«  4,247,2.59 

7.034,lli4 

49,929,:i8(! 

38,139,5.57 

Imp.t  3.496.9S9 

Exp.      2.345,2;)8 

6,139,025 

118,512.679 

Silver: 
Oct.    1910.. 

"      1909.. 
Year  1910. . 

••     1909.. 

4.269,575 

4,063,745 

46,0:M,318 

47,:t42,861 

3,39n.2IKP 

4,04«,(i09 

36,652,464 

37.289,199 

Exp.         874,376 

5,07« 

9.381,854 

'■       10,053,062 

I'^xports  froni  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
ended  Dee.  :',  :  (lold.  .S".".4IHI.  ehlelly  to  I'nn- 
.'inia  ;  sliver.  .SfUJ'.t.lii:!.  to  London  and  Pai"is. 
Imports:  Cold.  .$1(14.441:  silver.  .$ss,(il4, 
from  Mexico.  Central  and  Sonth  Aniei-lea. 
Australia  ,ao,4r,,Ia))j>ft;l     .,      ,     ; 


Gold — The  price  of  gold  on  the  open 
market  in  London  is  unchanged  at  77s. 
9d,  per  oz  for  bars  and  76s,  45/'<i,  per 
oz.  for  American  coin.  There  was  some 
demand  from  Berlin,  but  most  of  the 
supplies  were  held  in  London. 

Platinum — The  market  remains  rather 
dull,  demand  from  the  jewelry  trade 
having  fallen  off.  Prices  are  a  shade 
lower,  dealers  asking  $39  per  oz.  for 
refined  platinum  and  $41  per  oz.  for  hard 
metal,  10  per  cent,  iridium. 

Silver — The  market  shows  a  slight  dis- 
position to  decline  to  lower  prices.  The 
situation,  however,  depends  upon  China, 
the  exchanges  there  at  present  being 
somewhat  unsettled. 


SILVER    AND 

.STERLING 

BSCHANGE 

Dec. 

1 

2 

8 

5 

6 

7 

New  York.... 

London  

Sterling  Ex.. 

55 

2554 
4.8590 

55 

25  •< 
4.8590 

66 

25  Ji 
4.8600 

4.8606 

54>i 

26A 

4.8575 

26 
4.8650 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
fine  silver :  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver,  0.925   fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  .Jan.  1  to  Nov.  24: 


India. . . 
tMiina. . . 
Straits.. 


1909.  1910.            Changes. 

£5.N.-,K,.-ilHl  £6,213,000  I.    £    .364,600 

l.S29,30(l  l,:i28.5Q0  D.          500,800 

114,014  D.  114,614 


Total £7.802,414      £7,641.600    D.    £    260,914 

India  Council  bills  in  London  brought 
an  average  of  14.06d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zluo. 

B 

i^ 

jS 

Mji 

.a 

•Ja 

..c 

w^ 

u 

p" 

u 

(SS 

■3^ 

(SS 

3fe 

<B 

£0. 

S  a 

o. 

Q. 

^* 

q  p. 

a 

S  • 

fc  ..; 

^  rA 

>J  . 

33 

6 

-2 
una 

l§ 

V2% 

12  65 

4.3S 

6.87* 

5. 72  J 

©6.77} 

1 

(S13 

012,70 

:"A 

4,50 

®4  37iffl5  92} 

12',, 

12.66 

4.:15  1     5.85 

5.70 

2 

rsi3 

ra)12.70 

38 

4.. 50 

(a)4.37l'fflS,90 

06.76 

12?i 

12.60 

4.36,      5.85 

6.70 

3 

ffll3 

(312.70 

373i 

4.50 

ffl4.37i!ffl5.87j 

(36.72} 

lih 

12  (U) 

4.:t5  1     5.82 
f5H.:i7j®6,87; 

6.67} 
(5)5.72} 

6 

®13 

•012.70 

37H 

4.50 

12  K 

12.60 

4.35       5  82J 

5.67} 

6 

®13 

(S12,65 

37  « 

4,50 

(S)4.37j'ffl5,86 

©5.70 

12?.,' 

12.60 

4,35  1     5,82J 

6.67} 

1 

(®13 

©12  65 

38 

4.50 

04.37  J '05. 86 

06.70 

Tbo  New  York  quotations  for  electrolytic 
copper  lire  for  enkes.  ingots  and  wirelmrs. 
and  ri'pn'scnt  the  Ixilk  of  (he  transactions 
made  with  cunsdincrs.  I)asis  New  York.  cash. 
The  prices  of  caslln;;  cnjjper  and  of  ehH'Irolyllc 
cathodes  are  usually  ii.lliric.  ludow  that'  of 
elect roiy lie.  The  ipiotatlons  for  lead  repre- 
sent \vhc(h*sah'  tran.sacllons  In  tlie  open  mar- 
ket. The  limitations  on  speller  are  for 
ordinary  Western  I)rands ;  special  brands 
command    a    premium. 

Copper — During  the  week  of  Dec. 
1  to  7,  very  little  business  was  done.  In 
spite  of  the  pessimism  so  much  in  evi- 
dence generally.  leading  selling  interests 
maintain  their  confidence  and  continue  to 


1186 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  10,   1910. 


LONDON 


Coppoi 

'^">-          L...<1, 

Zinc. 

s 

Spot. 

HMoa 

Best 
Sertd  Spot. 

apaii- 
Isli. 
3Mos 

Orrll- 
naries. 

1 

ST^ 

57% 

61 

nvi 

172>i    13X 

24 

■niy. 

3715 

fil 

my. 

172%    13A 

1 

24 

o 

56!5 

S7% 

61 

170'i 

171        13ft 

24 

fi 

R7,\, 

5^% 

61 

171 '-< 

my,  13/a 

24 

7 

■*!S 

-o-y. 

rM\ 

17-2  V 

172  ii    13,-', 

24 '« 

The  aliovf  table  gives  the  clii.sinjj  iiunln 
tions  on  London  Metal  Kxeluince.  All  piiees 
are  iu  pounds  stei-lhiK  per  ton  of  :;:i4ii  11>. 
Copper  (inotatlons  are  for  standard  copper, 
spot  and  three  months,  and  for  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  lieinj;  sulUect  to  .i 
per  cent,  discount.  For  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  London  prices  in  pounds  sterlinj; 
per  :;l'4o  lb.,  with  American  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  foUowiUK  apiiroxiuuite  ratios 
are  given:  £11)  =  li.lTijc.  ;  £1:;  =  -■'';;■•'• 
£23  =  .-,c.:  £60  =  13.04c.    ±    £1   t---    ±     ii.:.;i%c. 


ask  13c.,  delivered,  30  days  for  their 
electrolytic  copper.  Inasmuch  as  buyers 
have  been  unwilling  to  pay  that  price, 
the  market  has  been  in  hands  of  dealers 
and  certain  producing  interests  who  have 
been  ready  to  make  the  concessions  nec- 
essary to  consummate  the  relatively  small 
business  offered,  under  which  conditions 
prices  have  slid  off  a  little.  Offers  of 
Lake  copper  at  13c.  have  failed  to  at- 
tract business,  while  electrolytic  has  been 
offered  and  sold  at  12.80r<(  12.85c.,  de- 
livered, both  in  Europe  and  America,  the 
bulk  of  the  business  transacted  having 
been  for  export.  Producers  are  generally 
busy  with  deliveries  on  contracts  made 
some  time  ago  and  there  has  been  no 
pressure  on  their  part  to  sell.  At  the 
close,  Lake  copper  is  quoted  at' 12)4''' 
I3c.,  and  electrolytic  in  cakes,  wirebars 
and  ingots  at  12.60r((  12.65c.  Casting 
copper  is  quoted  nominally  at  125-i<C</  12K" 
cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  \H(it  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire,  is  14'<;c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

The  London  market  for  standard  cop- 
per has  fluctuated  within  narrow  limits, 
and  closes  slightly  lower  at  £56  16s.  3d. 
for  spot,  and  .£57  12s.  6d.  for  three 
months. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  4730  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  exports  from 
Baltiinore  for  the  week  at   1550  tons. 

Urass  Prices — On  Dec.  5  brass  prices, 
base,  were  advanced  from  Yn  to  ;4c.  and 
are  now  as  follows:  High  sheet  brass, 
I4-i4c.  per  lb.;  low  sheet,  16'/sc. ;  high 
brass  wire,  14}4c. ;  low  brass  wire, 
IG'/xC ;  high  brass  rods,  I4}'ic. ;  low 
brass  rods,  lO^ss.;  brass  tubing,  brazed, 
!9><c.,  and  open  seam,  175^c.  Scrap 
allowances  arc  9'/ic„  net,  per  lb.  for 
high  brass,  and  10>xc.  for  low  brass 
scrap. 


Tin — American  statistics  published  by 
the  New  York  Metal  Exchange  on  Dec.  1 
were  good  beyond  all  expectations,  show- 
ing deliveries  of  3800  tons  into  consump- 
tion during  November.  These  facts  in- 
stilled dealers  with  a  good  deal  of  con- 
fidence in  the  future  of  the  market,  and 
in  consequence  fair-sized  orders^  were 
placed  by  them  in  London.  The  market 
over  there  continued  its  advance,  and  al- 
though it  reacted  at  the  beginning  of  this 
week,  it  closes  very  firm  at  £172  5s.  for 
spot  and  three  months.  New  York  quota- 
tions are  about  38c.  per  pound. 

Lead — Business  has  continued  to  be 
done  at  previous  prices,  but  there  has 
been  a  slightly  stronger  feeling,  result- 
ing from  what  is  characterized  as  "nib- 
bling." The  market  closes  at  4.50c.  New 
York,  and  4.35r(/ 4.37' _.c.  St.  Louis. 

The  foreign  market  is  quiet.  Spanish 
lead  being  quoted  at  £13  3s.  9d.,  and 
English  at  £13  6s.  3d.  per  ton. 

Spelter — Substantially  the  same  con- 
dition has  ruled  in  this  market  as  in 
copper.  Most  of  the  producers  are  con- 
fident of  the  intrinsic  strength  of  the 
market  and  consequently  are  reserved 
about  offering  the  metal  down.  Business 
done  during  the  last  week  has  been  very 
light  and  has  been  done  at  concessions 
in  price,  largely  for  second-hand  lots. 
The  market  closes  at  5.67 ><  r^  5.70c.  St. 
Louis,   and   5.82".:  (((5.85c.    New   York. 

The  London  market  is  unchanged  at 
£24  2s.  6d.  for  good  ordinaries,  and  £24 
7s.  6d.  for  specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  S7.75  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 

Silesian  Spelter  Market — Paul  Speier 
writes  from  Breslau,  Nov.  28,  that  the 
market  is  steady  and  firm.  Spelter  is 
quoted  at  around  49  marks  per  100  kg. — 
equal  to  5.29c.  per  lb. — f.o.b.  works  in 
Silesia;  special  brands,  50  marks.  Zinc 
sheets  are  57  marks  per  100  kg. — equal 
to  6.15c.  per  lb. — f.o.b.  works,  for  ordi- 
nary numbers.  Zinc  dust  is  in  demand 
and  brings  44.50  marks  per  100  kg. — 4.8c. 
per  lb. — in  10-ton  lots,  delivered  at  Stet- 
tin. 


at  £8  per  flask;  £7  10s.r«(£7  15s.  being 
quoted  by  second  hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  6C 
r-/70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  SI. 50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b 
New  York. 

Nickel — barge  lots,  contract  business 
40r((  45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c 
for  500-lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb 
lots.  The  high  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c 
higher.  -i 

Imports  and  Exports  of  Metals 


Exports  and  imports  of  metal  in  tht 
United  States,  10  months  ended  Oct.  31 
are  reported  as  follows,  in  the  meas 
ures  usual   in  the  trade: 

Metals:           Exiiorts.  Imports.  Exces3. 

Copper,  long  tons     24K,0(1«  124.800  Jxp.     124,10 

Copper,  1909. .. .      2.57,801  112.168  Exp.     145.63 

Tin,  long  tons..  ..             .574  40,.5II9  Imp.       39,93 

Tin,  1909 369  36,9.52  Imp.       'MM 

Lead,  short  tons.       58,943  89,(107  Imp.       30,06 

Lead,  1909 76,732  92,11.5  Imp.       15,311 

Spelter,  sh.  tons.         2,646  2.9.52  Imp.           34 

Spelter,  1909 2.325  8,CJ89  Imp.         5,76 

Nickel,  lb 11,844.187  26,703,63(1  Imp.  14, 8.59,44 

Nickel,  1909 9,697,003  16.974,125  Imp.  7.377,12 

Autimonv,  lb 185,237  8,493,.504  Imp.  8,308,2( 

Antimony,  1909.         6,648  7.860,889  Imp.  7.8.54.2) 

Phitinum,  oz 101, ,521  Imp.     lOl.oi 

Platinum,  1909 98.161  Imp.       98,lf 

Aluminum,  value   $702,687      Exp.   $7a2,Cf 

Aluminum, 1909     4.54,733      Exp.     454,7: 

Ores,  etc. : 

Zinc  oxide,  lb.  .  .21.7(;9.676      Exp.21,769,6: 

Zinc  oxide,  ■09..23,(il(l.252  .........  Exp.23.(;i0,l' 

Zinc  dross,  lb....  8,165,112     Exp.  8.165,11 

Zinc  dross, '09.. 13,424,440      Exp.l3,424.4J 

Zinc  ores,  Ig.tons        15.S90  63,304  Imp.        47,71 

Ziuc  ores.  1909.        11,121  88,219  Imp.        77,01 

Aiitim'y  ores,  lb 

Aut.  ores,  1909.             504  3,386.708  Imp.  3,M6,» 

Chrome  ore.tons              30  38,559  Imp.       38,.5'. 

Chrome  ore, '09              30  32.613  Imp.       32,5t 

Copper,  lead  and  nickel  (and  antimon 
from  Aug.  5,  1909)  include  the  metf 
contents  of  ores,  matte,  bullion,  etc.  Th 
exports  given  include  reexports  of  foreig 
iTiaterial.  Zinc  contents  of  ore  importe 
in  1910  were  44,367,994  lb.;  not  reporte 
prior  to  date  of  new  tariff.  Quantity  c 
antimonv  ore  is  not  imported  from  Aui 
5,  1909,  only  metal  contents  being  givei 
Imports  of  aluminum  are  not  reported. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — There  is  little  change,  the 
market  remaining  dull.  We  quote,  nom- 
inally, 22'<r(/23c.  per  lb.  for  No.  1  ingots. 
New  York. 

Antimony — The  market  is'  dull,  busi- 
iness  being  chiefly  of  a  retail  order. 
Cookson's  is  now  quoted  at  7.'!'^(r(7.vic.  per 
lb.  and  U.  S.  at  7H(rny,c.-,  while  7(r/ 
7^0.  is  named  for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — The  New  York  price  has 
been  reduced  SI. 50  and  is  now  S42  per 
flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  lots;  S44r,(45 
for  jobbing  orders.  San  Francisco, 
$41.50  for  domestic  business  and  ?2  less 
for  export.     London  prices  is  unchanged 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markels 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Dec.  3 — The  highei 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  wa 
$48;  the  base  price,  60  per  cent,  zinc 
was  S46r(/47.  The  highest  price  paid  fo 
lead  ore  was  .$56;  the  base  price,  8' 
per  cent,  lead,  was  S53(?/  54  per  ton.         ,1- 


SIIII'MKNTS. 

('niiips. 


WKKK    ENDED    W.C. 


Zinc 

ore,  \h. 

Mineral  Point 896.610 

PlattevlUo 866.400 

Hiirker 442,474 

Benton 31(i.970 

Oalena 2.58,000 

HlRhlnud 241.500 

l)..ilffcville 220,(Xl(l 

Cuba  Cltv 164,225 

I.ivluKSton 75,0(10 

Moutfort 

Llnilen 

Total 


Lead 
ore,  11). 

'  32,600 

264,720 

219,6(10 

78,290 

80.870 


Sulptiu 
lire.  11 


1W,0« 
399.71' 


3.481.179        (i65.9«0 

Year  to  date 111,853,904  10,018.044  24,M3.'» 

Shipped    to   separating    plants,   2,98- 
040  lb.   zinc  ore  during  the  week. 


December  10,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1187 


Jopliri.  Mo.,  Dec.  3 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week  was 
S50.85,  on  a  base  price  of  S47  per  ton  of 
60  per  cent.  zinc.  Zinc  silicate  ore  sold 
on  a  base  price  of  $240i21  per  ton  of  40 
per  cent.  zinc.  The  average  price,  all 
grades  of  zinc  ore,  was  S41.98.  The  high- 
est price  paid  for  lead  ore  this  week 
v/as  .'^57,  and  the  average  price,  all 
grades,  was  S55.82  per  ton. 

The  zinc  market  took  a  slump  this 
week  of  $1  per  ton  on  the  high-grade 
ores,  and  the  low  grades  even  more,  and 
today  prices  arc  weaker.  With  this  week 
came  the  first  winter  weather,  and  as 
usual  the  mines  using  gas  were  forced  to 
shut  down,  as  the  supply  was  short  of 
the  demand.  Many  of  the  mines  will  be- 
gin at  once  to  take  out  the  gas  and  return 
to  coal  and  in  some  cases  to  fuel  oil. 
There  was  a  big  shipment  of  silicate  ores 
this  week,  causing  the  average  price  to 
fall  considerably  under  last  week. 

SIIirMKNTS,    WKKK    KNM>KI>    T>KC.    3. 


Wi'bh  i:ity-Cartervilli< 

Jopllii 

(ialf^na 

<4ranby 

l)ii<'nwf»g 

Allia-Nnck 

Miami 

Aurr.ra 

spurceon 

Drnliogo 

^artliagH 

Badijcr  

JarkHoii 

■*piKK!a 

'avi' Springs 

•iarroxlo 


Tcaals  . 


Zluc    111.  Load  Ih.    Value, 


"1,130,820 

I,.i42,.i30 

1,1.",42( 

1,147,080 

1141  2111 

.'ill,IHKi 

378, .ICO 

378.700 

439.701 

78,080 

140,400 

123.7WI 

118,730 


.■i8,r40 

r.4,000 


11,011,800    l,8(r2,770     $;||HJ,413 


1,125,180 

$1411,048 

28li,IHNI 

43,485 

42,000 

26,.507 

3,l>!>0 

17,410 

r.,6:)0 

13,8112 

12,510 

152,1170 

0,0111 

7,013 

41,180 

tl,:188 

115,010 

3,412 

3.1tll 

2.722 

2,1171 

80,250 

2,2lHi 

1,200 

768 

I  wefka .WJ. 004,170  7h.i:ih.44o  *l;i.03.'>,721 

nil-  value,  Iho  weok,  $250,087;  40  weeks,  $11.IHH».036 
'ii'l  value,  the  week,     50,32(1;  40  weeks,     2,o35.ok.'. 

MONTHI.V    .\VEn.\(;K    l-KiCIOS. 


ZINC  OEE. 


Base  Price.     All  Ores, 


aiiuury. . 
'eliniary. 

larcl  

pril 

lay 

UU(» 

uly 

UKUSt ,  48 

I  optoraher  . .    4^ 
'CUllMT 

ovember. 
'ocember. 


Tear $43.38 


$11.25  $47.31 

38 

37 
38 
40 
44 
43 


1909.     1910.     1909,     1010. 


LEAU  OEE. 
All  Ores. 


40.00 
43.  (10 1 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
30  03 
40.13 
43.45 
43.3i; 
47  20 


$:)8.40 
34  ;t7 
34.71 
.37.01 
.17.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.  .54 
44.87 
45.75 
48.20 
47.57 


$45 

39. 
39. 
39. 
37. 
37. 
30. 
37. 
39.: 
40.; 
43  : 


$41. 2U $51. (Kl 


NiiTK      I'mler    zinc    ore    the    Misl     two    col- 

t  Tnns   srivc    l.iisp   pilcea    for   (J(i   ppr   cent,    zinc 

<• :   the  sec., 11(1   two   the  averaRe   for  nil   ores 

'111       l.enrt    ore    prices    are    the    nrerace    for 

I    iiies    sniil. 


CHEM  ICALS 


New  York,  Dec.  7 — The  general  mar- 
f  continues  quiet,  with  only  moderate 
■iness. 

C'lnnrr  Sulphate — With  a  fair  busi- 
es prices  are  firm  at  S4  per  100  lb.  in 

irload    lots    and    S4.2.'^    per    100    lb.    on 

nailer  transactions. 


Exports  of  copper  sulphate,  10  months 
ended  Oct.  31,  were  975  long  tons  in 
1909,  and  1669  in  1910;  increase,  694 
tons. 

Arsenic — Prices  tor  white  arsenic  re- 
main nominally  S2.25  per  100  lb.;  but 
some  shading  is  reported  to  be  going  on. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — Both  spot  and  future 
nitrate  are  quoted  at  2.\2'Ac.  per  lb. 
The  market  is  dull. 

Imports  and  Exports — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  chemicals  and  raw  materials  in 
the  United  States,  10  months  ended 
Oct.  31: 


Irupi.rls. 

Esp..rts, 

E.\CG88. 

Blench.   11. 

81.273,t;:)il 

4011    I. 

81,273,134 

I31.-n.-li.  1909..  .  . 

73.023,028 

13.004     I. 

73,009.964 

P..U1SI1  salts,  lb. 

127,097,120 

2,1IK(.131    I. 

425,806,995 

Pi.tash  salts,'09  317,007.275 

2.375,014    1. 

315,.532,261 

S"<la  salts,  lb 

28.020,805 

420,(HI7    I, 

28,2(HI,79S 

S..ila  .salts.  1909 

12.883,902 

.594,203   I. 

12,289.009 

Aci'Ltti'   Uiii...  lb. 

5;l,9til,410  E. 

.53,1101.410 

Aci'tali\  1909... 

59,707,732  E. 

59,767,732 

Nit.  iif  SI  .(la,  tons 

443,005 

5,212    I. 

438.303 

Nitrate.  1909.. . 

330,498 

7,900   I. 

322,409 

Phi.sphates,  tons 

10,277 

902,809  E. 

892,532 

Pli'.sphares.  '09 

11,077 

.807,700  E, 

.891,632 

Sulphur,  tons 

20,220 

28,098  E. 

2.472 

Sulphur.  1909 

23,81:) 

31.002  E. 

8,080 

Pyrit»'s.  tons 

0.58,151 

6.58.151 

Pyrites.  1909    .  . 

.585,310 

.586,319 

M.Tgliesite.  lb. . .. 

221,702,331 

3,320,062   I. 

218,435,000 

MaKliesite,  1909 

.58.517.783 

573,105    I. 

57.044,678 

Sul.  Aininonla.lb. 

130.005,043 

130,005,043 

Sul.  Aiiriila,'09 

02,583,004 

62,.583,(104 

Exports  include  reexports  of  foreign 
material.  Figures  for  magnesite  not  re- 
ported prior  to  July  1,  1909;  imports 
above  for  1909  are  for  four  months 
only.  Estimating  sulphur  contents  of 
pyrites,  the  total  imports  of  sulphur  in 
1910   were   289,766   tons. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Dec.  7 — The  general  stock 
market  has  been  dull  and  heavy  for  most 
ot'  the  week.  Business  has  been  slow  and 
quotations  inclined  toward  a  lower  level. 
The  market  is  irregular  and  there  seems 
to  be   no  definite  tendency. 

On  the  Curb  also  business  was  dull  and 
ii regular.  Cobalt  stocks  were  out  of  the 
running  altogether.  Dealings  in  the  cop- 
per stocks  were  of  tair  amount;  Ray  Con- 
solidated and  Greene  Cananea  held  their 
quotations,  but  most  of  the  others  lost 
in  price.  Standard  Oil  was  dealt  in  to 
some  extent,  and  lost  in  price,  closing  at 
S61 1   per  share. 

In  November  the  following  companies 
were  admitted  ;o  quotation  on  the  New 
York  Curb:  Nevada  Hills  Mining  Com- 
pany; Radersburg  Consolidated  Mining 
Company;  United  States  Coal  Manufact- 
uring Company;  Guanajuato  Mining  and 
Milling  Company  (bonds  and  stock). 
The  following  were  suspended,  Wilkes- 
Barre  Company;  Canadian  Mines  Com- 
pany. 


Bosto'}.  Dec.  6 — Copper  shares  have 
followed  the  course  of  the  general  mar- 
ket largely,  but  the  fiasco  in  Utah  Con- 
solidated has  been  a  big  factor  in  dis- 
crediting this  class  of  securities.  This, 
fo.lIowing  the  North  Butte.  Calumet  & 
Arizona.  Granby  and  Arizona  Commercial 


breaks  of  recent  date,  has  done  much  to 
undermine  public  sentiment  and  drive 
people  out  of  their  copper-share  holdings. 

Utah  Consolidated  broke  from  above 
S20  to  .S12.25  upon  the  announcement  of 
President  Broughton  as  to  the  ore  re- 
serves. 

Naturally,  the  whole  list  suffered  de- 
clines. It  was  not  so  much  a  matter  of 
offerings  as  it  has  been  of  lack  of  sup- 

cori'icit  I'ltciircTiox  UKruHTs. 

roiij)er  contents  of  hiister  coppt^r.   in  pounds. 


Company. 

Septem- 
ber. 

October. 

Novem- 
ber. 

.Auacouda 

.Arizona.  Ltd 

22.20n.ooo 

2,(172,(KMI 

nit 

2,061,300 
622.702 
0,0i>3.759 
2,.535.1IO(l 
3. 5  0,5. 0(  to 
2,128.(HKI 
025..H4O 

"nil   '" 

2,211,435 
5,151,208 
2,202,000 
1,418,000 
2,125,000 
7,077.035 
10,7((O,00(l 

22,100,000 
3,004,000 

028,300 
2,278,4.54 

702.1.54 
7,060.706 
1,990,0(HI 
:),576,O00 
1.7.57.8:16 

948.,3C9 
1,184,234 

nil 

'lV7o'r,i68 
4.08il.:«HI 
2.:)45.000 
1.28(1.0(KI 
2.005,000 
7,.582.210 
18..500,(H)0 

21,900.000 

Bnlnklala 

Bole..  (Me.xli;..) 

British  Col.  c. 

(■..p|.er  (.iiieen 

I'aluiiiet  .V  .Ariz 

7',372,77('l 

Cananea  (Mexico). . 
Uetroit 

:!,(168,000 
1,840,9.39 

(Jraiibv 

:\Iallilnoth 

Moctezunia  (Alo.x.). 
Nevada  Con 

'l,"6'54",235 

Old  Dominion 

Shannon 

1,420.000 

Superior  &  Pitts.... 

Utah  Copper  Co 

Total  production. 
Imiiorts.  bars.  etc.. 

80,251,27:) 
24,:i(  13,8.50 

84.109,830 
24,202,368 

T..tal   blister 

I04,.5.55,l:)2 
8,460,037 

108,402,198 
8,:U7,716 

Deduct  JIox.  &  B.C. 

Net  blist(^r  rep. . . 
tnip.  in  ore  .t  matte 

06,094,695 
5,782,067 

100,054,482 
5,173,277 

T..tal 

101,876,762 

103,227,759 

Luke  .Superior  lisjui-es  are  estimated:  other; 
are  ceporis  received  fr(un  companies.  Iiii 
porls  dujilicati'  prixloclion  of  Hritish  Coluiii 
bill.  Canniieo  and  .Mocteziima 
does  not  coijie  to  .American 
Copper  report  includes  the 
I'.iiston    mill. 

STATISTICS    OF    COI'IM:!!. 


Koleo  coiiper 
reliners.  rtah 
output    of    the 


Month. 

United 

States 

Producfn. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

XII,  1909 

117,828,665 

09,519,501 

69,546,670 

Year,  1909.... 

1,405.403,056 

705.051,591 

680,942.620 

I,  i»jio. 

116,.547.287 
112,712,493 
120,007.467 
117.477.o:!9 
12:t,242.47(l 
127,210,188 
118,370.(H)3 
127,80:1,618 
119,519.983 
120,469,284 

78,168,387 
60,618,.322 
62,844,818 
07,085,951 
50,305,222 
.53.363,190 
56.708.176 
67,731,271 
64,501,018 
07,814,172 

81,691,672 
37,369,618 
40,685.767 
31.:t32,434 
45,495,400 
05,895,948 
.59,407,167 
01,831,780 
75,100,496 
08,180,912 

II 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

Dnlted 
states. 

Europe, 

Total. 

XII,  1909 

I.  1010 

II 

Ill 

£V 

153,003,527 
141,706,111 
98,463,;):)9 
107,187,992 
123,824.874 
141.98.1,1.59 
100.425.073 
I08.:)8(l.017 
170,040,078 
168.881,245 
148.703.714 
l:)0.261,914 

230,857,000 
244,204,800 
248,230,800 
2.54,1.50,400 
240.(125,(1(H) 
246,87(),4(K) 
239,142,400 
2:)2,81I2,800 
222,:)20,(HKI 
218,44.|,K1K) 
211.270,800 
108,060, SOO 
10;).2(H1,000 

389.861,127 
:185.970,911 
.346,700,139 
361,:t:)8,392 
•373,450,474 
388,8.54,569 
390.508.373 
401,278,817 
:I02.060.678 
:I87.:)20.046 
360,070,514 
337,:I22,714 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIH 

IX 

X 

XI 

\I 

I'lauies  nre  In  pounds  of  line  copper.  I'  S. 
production  Includes  all  coiiper  relined  in  this 
cciinlry.  lioth  from  domestic  and  imported 
material.  VIsilile  stocks  me  liiose  reported 
on  Ihe  first  day  of  onch  inonlii,  as  looiiKht 
over  from   tile  preceding  iniinlh. 


1188 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  10,  1910. 


port.  Calumet  &  Hecla  is  back  to  S535 
per  share  after  the  recent  high  at  S600. 
Wolverine  broke  SIO  or  more,  while  such 
stocks  as  North  Butte,  Calumet  &  Ari- 
zona anii  some  of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla 
allies  worked  materially  lower.  East 
Butte  stood  its  ground  well,  although  it 
suffered  in  the  genera!  weakness. 

Today's  market  put  prices  to  even 
lower  levels.  A  resumption  of  dividends 
by  the  Granby  Consolidated  did  not  stay 
a  decline  of  this  stock,  not  to  speak  of 
the  balance  of  the  other  list.  After  a 
year's  lapse  Granby  directors  have  de- 
clared a  dividend  of  $1  per  share.  Calu- 
met &  Arizona  directors  have  declared  a 
quarterly  dividend  of  SI.  and  Old  Domin- 
ion the  regularly  quarterly  25c.  dividend. 
Curb  prices  have  followed  the  general 
trend  of  the  big  market.  Chino  received 
its  share  of  setback. 

Company. 


TIN    AT    NEW    YORK 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Dec.  G. 


Amadnr  C.  .fc  G.,  Ida 

Bfok  TucnPl,  Utah 

Bonanza  Mt.  Copper,  Ida. . 

Cellar  Creek,  Ida 

Chollar,  Nov 

C»'pper  King,  Ida 

Ely  Central,  Nev 

Florence  M.  &  11.,  Ida 

Gold  Mt.  Champion,  Utah. 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nev 

Horseshoe,  Ida 

Ibex,  Ida  

Ida.  Copper  M,  Ltd.,  Ida., . 

Kevstone,  Utah 

Little  North  Fork,  Ida 

Lucky  Swede  G.  &  C,  Ida.. 

Mex.  Con.  M.  &  M  

Mineral  Farm.  Id.i  , 

Missoula  Copper,  Ida 

North  Franklin,  Ida 

S:n-th  Star.  Ida   

Silver  Queen.  Utah 

Trans.-Cont.  S.  .t  C,  Ida.. . 
Uintah-Treas.  Hill,  Utah. . 
Vienna  Vein.  Ida 


Moiitlil^'    AvtTnere   Prioos  of  ^letal.s 

sii.vi:'! 


•Month. 


January 

February — 

Mai*ch 

ipril..  

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.. 

October 

November... 
December... 


Total . 


New  York. 


1909.  I  1910. 


London. 


1909.     1910. 


7.'i(l  .52  375  23,843'21 
172  .51  .5:11  23  7116  23 
168  51  451  2:1. 227  23 
12K  ,53,221  23  7II«;21 
9115  .53  S711  24,343121 
,53K  53,  462  24  ITill  24 
1143  54  1.511  23,519  25 
125  .52  912  23  .5HS  24 
4411  .53  295  23  743:24 


923  55 ,  490 
703.95.636 
22G| 


1  502 23.706 


23. 502 '25, 
23.351  25, 
24.030  .. 


New    York,    cenls    jier    line    ounce:    London. 
pence    per    slainiard    oiiTn-e. 


cori 

i:i: 

NEW   YORK. 

Loudon. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.     1910. 

1909. 

19111. 

January 

February — 

March 

April 

May 

13.893 
12.919 
12.387 
12.56} 
12.893 
13.214 
12.8811 
13.0(17 
12.870 
12.70(1 
13.125 
13.298 

13.620 
13  332 
13.2.55 
12.733 
12.550 
12  404 

U.280 
13.295 
12.826 
12.935 
13.238 
13  54H 

13.870 
13.719 
1 3.. 586 
13.091 
12.885 
12.798 
12. 570 
12.715 
12  608 
12.78K 
12.914 

61.198 
.57 .  688 
66.231 
,57.363 
.59.338 
.59 ,  627 
58.. 556 
59  393 
.59  021 
5T  .551 
,58.917 
59.9(16 

60.923 
,59.388 
.59.214 
.57.238 
5(;.3I3 
55  310 

July 

12  215  13  363 

54   194 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
Docombor. .. 

12,4911 
12,379 
12. 5.53 
12.712 

13  296 
13.210 
13  03(1 
13.354 
13.647 

.55  733 
.55.207 
.56.722 
57  IvM 

Year 

12.982 

13.336 

S8.732 

Month. 

January 
February  . 

March 

.\pril 

May 

June 


1st 

791 
690 
483 
797 
651 
034 
428 
.5(17 
596 
680 


New  York,  cents  per  pound.  Kleetrolydc  N 
for  rnkes.  Inpnts  nr  wlrehnrs.  London,  pounds 
slcrlln:.'.  per  loni;  .tfitu  stnndai'l  copper. 


j  1909. 

1910. 

1 

•_■>  iii.ii  .;■_'  71111 

,v      .,||l  :;,.    ;|.j,, 

2.-i   T-;.:i2   4113 

29.145 

32.976; 

29  225 

33.125' 

29.322 

32.7691 

! 

Month. 


July 

.Xusust 

September. 

October 

November., 
December. . 

Av  Year., 


1909. 


29.125 
29  966 
30.293 
30.475 
.30  859 
32.913 


29. 


1910. 


32 .  695 
33.972 
34.982 
36.190 
36  547 


I'r 


L'lceis   an.'    lu   ceuts   per   \n 


New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

Month. 

1909, 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

4 .  582 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

4,175 

4.7011 

4.025 

13.113 

13.650 

February 

4.018 

4 .  613 

3 . 8(18 

4  445 

13.313 

13.328 

March 

3.986 

4.459 

3.835 

4.. 31 17 

13  438 

13,063 

.\pril 

4.168 

4.376 

4.051 

4,225 

13  -.'u; 

12,641 

4.287 
4.3.5(1 

4.315 
4.343 

June 

4 .  291 

4.2117 

13   1131 

12  (-.88 

July 

4 .  321 

4.404 

4,1N« 

4  291 

12   5i;3 

12  531 

.\ugust 

4.363 

4.4110 

4  227 

4  2:111 

12   475 

12  513 

September  . . 

4.:!42 

4  41111 

4  215 

4  2S9 

12   781 

12 ,  582 

October 

4,341 

4.41111 

4  215 

4.271 

13.175 

13.091 

November... 

4.3711 

4  442 

4 , 2.52 

4  314 

13.047 

13  217 

December... 

4.. 560 

.^^. 

4.459 

13.125 

Tear 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New    Y'ork   and    St.    I.ouis.   cents  per   pound. 
London,   pounds  sterling  per  long  Ion. 

SPELTER 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.   Louis. 

Loudon. 

1909. 

1910. 

191R1. 

1910. 

1909. 

19111. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

5.141 
4.889 
4.757 
4.965 
5.124 
5.402 
5.402 
5.729 
5.796 
6.199 
6.381 
6.249 

6.101 
5.569 
5.637 
5.439 
5.191 
5  128 
5.152 
5.279 
5.514 
5,628 
5,976 

4.991 
4.739 
4.607 
4.815 
4.974 
5.252 
5.252 
5.. 579 
5.646 
6.043 
6.231 
6.099 

5  951 
5,419 
5  4,'<7 
5 ,  2N'.l 

5  ml 

4  '.ITS 

5  11112 
5   IJ'.i 

5  ;)64 
5  4  rs 
5  826 

21,425 
21    .5i;2 
21    43S 
21    ,531 
21    '.175 
■J2  mill 

21  '.lll'.l 
■22   1 25 

22  '.llir. 

23  21111 
23.188 
■23.094 

23  350 
■23  188 
23  031 
22  469 
22  101.1 

22  094 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December. .. 

■22, 4  (Hi 
■22,800 
■23,165 
■23,900 
■24  083 

Year 

5.503 

5.352 

■22. '201 

New   Y'ork  and   St.    Louis,   cents   |)cr   pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per  long  ton. 

PRICES  OF  PIG   IRON  AT  PITTSBT'Rf;. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Fouudry. 

1909.  1  1910.     1909. 

1910.     1909. 

1910. 

January 

February... . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

Julv 

$17.18 
16.73 
16  40 
15.79 
15.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18.96 
18.53 
18.28 
17.10 
16, 52 
16.40 
16.09 
15.92 
15.90 
15.84 

$16.40 
16.09 
15.84 

15  05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 

16  80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 
14.73 
14.05 
14  26 

$16.26 
15.90 
15.62 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17,03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15. 53 
15  40 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November. . . 
December... 

15.16 
14,93 
14.88 
14  78 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.46 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 

COLO.  SPRINGS  Doc.    6!  ISALT  LAKE  Dec.     6 


Name  of  Comp. 


Acacia 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con. 

C.  K.  &N 

Doctor  Jack  Pot. 

Eiktou  Con 

El  Paso 

Fannie  Rawlins. 

FIndlav 

Gold  Dollar 

Gold  Sovereign.. 

Isabella    

Jennie  Semple  .. 

Lexington 

Moon  Anchor 

Old  Gold 

Mai'y  McKinney. 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

Vindicator 

Work 


Bid. 


.05 
.02i 
.15 
.09 
.755 
.88J 

t-.05 
.07S 

J.  13' 
.031 
.18! 
.101 
.03' 

J.  02 

J.04 

1.49 
.02J 

l.OB 
.91 

t03 


Name  of  Comp. 


Bingham  Copper. 

Carisa ^ 

Colorado  Mining. 
Columbus   Con... 

Daly  Judg(^ 

Granii  (.'euti'al. . . . 

Iron  Blossom 

Little  liell 

Little  (bief 

Lowei-  Mammoth. 

Mason  Valley 

MaJ.  Mines 

Mav  Dav 

Nevada  Hills 

New  York 

Prhu-e  Con 

Silver  King  Coal'n 

BIoux  Con 

Uncle  Sam 

Victoria „,. 


Bid. 

tlT 
.UJ 
.45 
.20 

[4.25 
.77 
.74 

1  00 


Name  of  Comp. 


Clg. 


COMSTOCK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher  

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  lal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Point 

Gould  i  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Mexican  

Occide-i.tal 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket 


t.05 
.37 
.16 
.17 
.08 
.12 
.70 
.80 
..36 
.1-2 
.11 
79 
.42 

1. 05 
.28 

X  30 
.09 
.12 
.17 
.24 


Name  of  Comp. 


MISC.  Nev.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

Mont.-Tonopah.. . 

North  Star  

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Red  HUl 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con... 

Argonaut 

Cent.  Eureka  . 
So.  Eureka 


4.421 
.25 
.20 
.18 
.90 
.04 
.59 
.18 
.07 
.07 
.15 
.23 
.05 
.02 
.06 

t  14 
02 

tl  20 
t  75 

{5.90 


N.  Y.  EXCH.         Dec.    6    BOSTON  EXCH.   Dec.  6 


Name  of  Comp.      ^Ig.  j  ,  Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated .... 
Am.  .\gri.  Chem. . 
.\m.Sm.&Ref.,com 
Am.Sm.  &  Eef.,pf. 

Anaconda 

BethlebemSteelpf 
Col.  &  Hock.  C.  &  I. 
FedeialM.  &S.,pf. 

Gold  Held  Con 

(.ireat  Nor.,orectf. 

Honiestake 

NafiialLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Cousol 

Pittsburg  Coal — 
BepublicI&S,Ci>m. 
Republic  I&S,  pl. 
SlossSheffl'd,com. 
Sli^ss  Sheffield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com. . . 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  ( 'ar.  Chem 


61  >. 
42*4 
71% 
103?i 
■iS% 
58 
16 

J:58 
8;, 

54  Ji 
{85 
5014 
{104     i 

17 '4 

30 '4 

931, 

49 
114 '4 

34  (j 

45 

71 '4- 
115  Hi 

59 'i 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Dec.    6 


Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


Ariz.-i'ananea.... 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek. . . 
Braden  Copper. . . 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  (.Coalition. .. 

Caledonia.   

Calumet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines.. 

Chino 

Cobalt  (.lenti-al 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Ely  Cou 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Giroux 

Greene  Cananea. , 

Guana]  uato 

Cluerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  .\m. . 
Mont.  Shoshone.. 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 
Nipissiug  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M. . 
Precious  Metals.. 

Kay  Central 

Ray  Con 

Red  Warrior 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah  

Tonojiah  Ex 

Tri-liiillion 

'riilarosa 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


■313 

+  S 
+  16 

:3 

4'4 

17  >, 


t6H 
22 
10 
IK 

17 

36 
3!-4 
1?. 

6n 

6% 

JlSi 
195 

0" 

1.36 
19 

5     I 
t.14     I 

in 

1>4 

i^« 
i>. 

612 

^1 
1.07 


Adventure 

Algomah 

jAllouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

I  Atlantic 

Bonanza 

'  Boston  &  Corbln . . 

Butte  &  Salak 

Calumet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

ICenteunial 

!Con.  Mercur 

;  Copper  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

lisle  Royale 

I  Keweenaw 

jLake 

'La  Salle 

[Mass 

[Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Bost. . 
Superior  &  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf.. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


9 
31ii 
26 

4 
13« 

6 
t.oD 
13« 

6X 
50 
635 
15 
16 
655i 
t3!^ 
lis 
10 
36 
21 

ja 
12 
17 
3 

30H 
7« 
P 
3« 
{48 
18X 
23 
6« 
t« 
36V 
1129 
tl3 

'II 
40 
6 

13« 
{58 
6 
30H 
46V 

13 

8« 
118 
IX 


BOSTON  CURB    Deo.  6 


n 


09; 

25 
.53 
U 
15 

13 
78 
,60 
,29 
,.54 


LONDON        Dec.    7 


Name  of  Com. 


Doloi-es 

Strattttn'sind, 
Camp  Bird — 
Esperanza.... 

Tomboy 

El  Oi-o 

OrovUlo i, 

Mexlcyi  Mlpo» 


Clg. 


£1  108    (Id 

0  3  3 

1  10  8 
1  17  lOJ 
0  18  5 
16  9 
0  G  0 
7  ,8  0, 


Name  of  Comji.     Last. 


180 
Hi 
lA 

.07 

.13 
?,»3 

«3« 

{,08)< 

Ift 

lA 
4 

»•« 
lit 

Of, 

34 
34 

03 

■i% 

2 
49 

6X 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Chemung 

Chief  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbln 

Crown  Resen-e 

First  Nat.  Cop.... 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw — 

Majestic 

Nafl  Mine  &  Ex  . . 
Nevada-Douglas.. 

Onec.i 

Raven  Copper — 
Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  Antonio 

Shattuck-Arlz 

South  Lake 

Superior  ,(;  Globe. 

Trethewey 

Tuolumuo  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


4 

JIO 

*\ 

,30 


irl.asl  iiiu'liilli'":. 


I 


vinn^vm'kHH'iHnnn'inn^iWinnimnnnHn'i'inn'kWi.'iJi.'i'L'nwm'nnnn'm^r'Kiin-rinnr.rvrm^i^Krj^^iiTirT,!^ 


:^^l^ 


BIRIID 


AND 


ENGINEERING^o. 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED        WEEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  -%,  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary ■%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Engminjour,  N.  V.  '%■  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mtxico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  •%.  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent, 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  •%■  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  <%-  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


DECEMBER  17,  1910. 


NO.  25 


VI UVULA  TIOS    STA  TE.UEXT 
Ourinu     1;K)1)     ICC    printed     iind     circulated 

.'i;!4..">0o '  toincH     iif     TiiK     Hn(:inkf:rin<:     and 

Mining  .I«>ihnal. 

tiur    ciitiilitlion    far    Xovcniiirr,    T.)lil,     iritu 

Die,  mbcr  3 11,00(1 

Ihccmijcr  10 9.."iOO 

Dccimbcr  17 !),.">00 

\  nue  scut  free  rCf/ularlif,  no   Intel:   ttitniher:<. 

:inefi   lire   lire,    net    eirentntinn. 


Contents 

l.ilitmials  : 

The   Copper    Curtailment 

The   Anthracite  Trust    Decision 

Metullics — Ify    tlie    Way 

I'orrespondeiK-e    and     lUs<'Ussi(>n  : 

Safe  Transpiirlalioii  of  Kxplosives 
.  .  .  .  Iniisual  Causes  for  Smeltery 
Shutdow  n  .  .  .  .  rroposi'<i  Amendment 
fui-  Location  of  Lode  Claims.... 
.Minin;;  .Methods  Kmployed  at  Ca- 
nunea.  .  .  .  I'oisnnin^  iiv  Cyanide... 
Details    of    rri.clical    Minluf; : 

•Monuiuentiu!.'  Mexican  MiniiiR 
Claims.  ...  Small  Kleciric  Air  Heal- 
er. .  .  .  •Counlerhaiance      for      Skips 

....•Mine  Si^'nai  Swilcli *\Vhit- 

ford-Mills  Skip  Chan^-iuf;  Device 
....Circuit  'I'esier  for  Itlaster.  . . . 
Impervious  Concrete  'I'aidis  . . . , 
•cliecklnK  Men  In  and  Out  of 
.Mines.  ... '.Assayer's  Sir.;;  Catcher 
....•Side  l>umi)  Mine  Car.... Ce- 
ment I'M'arin;;  for  .Mjuhinery .  .  .  .  *A 
Convenient       Clamp      for      Holding 

rilol     Tubes 

Presidents  Itr'couunendalions  as  to  Min- 
eral    Lands 

rransvaal    .Mining   Notes 

I'he  .\nlhracite  Trust   Decision 

LaiKe  rurciiase  of  I.ouisana  Oil  I'roperty 

llenrv    I".    Didianleleljen.  . 

Henry   M.   .McCliesney ...  .//.  ,/.   CunticcU 
Kolchan      I'lacer     of     the     Orsk     (Jold- 

lields.     Lid 

I'li-ItuHion    Smeltins    and    Development 

Conipan.^'    

Ilie    Cold  'Minlnjr     Industry      in      N'ic- 

ai'n;;ua 7".    i.nne   farter 

'  resslve    Staj;es    in    Flame    of    Copuer 

Converter Doniild   .1/.    Lerj/ 

Mine    Kescne    Stations 

Mine   Survevln;:   Methods    Kinidoved  at 

Unite.    Mont funl     I.    Gun- 

•  ^iMilallon    of    .lolin     Krll/     Medal     to 

Alfred    Nohle /,'.    ir.    litniintiud 

Ii'port    of    the    Shumer    and    .lack    Fro- 

prlelary     Mine 

The  Cnyuna    Iian;;e.    Minnesota 

!'■    Prevent    Mlnlne  Coal    under   Private 

Property      

'I'llu'iillons  ■    and       liesponsllillltles       of 

Wnrkinc    Miners 

I  lie    rii'slRn    of    Centrlfunal     Pumps. 

Jiinies   A.   Scfif/er 

il    Produclinn    In    Mexico 

I'ort    on    the    Disaster   at    the   Yolande 

Mine 

ns   for   Safeguarding'  Coal    Sllners.  .  . 

d   '^llnlne   In    Arkansas 

'  ■'•■    Itescui-    Work    In    Indiana 

diet  „f  .ii,,.y  In  Matter  of  Stark- 
viiie    i';xnioslon 

>'      Pulillciillnns 

|-<onal.    fllilhuirv    and    Societies 

'i 'atrial     C(u-respondence 

■ilnL'     .News 

';""kets 
'lllnHtriiied. 


118:> 
11!)0 
Hill 


119  J 


11!)4 

11!)S 
llilS 
11  Oil 

ii;oi) 

1200 
IliOl 


iL'oi; 

120.-! 

ii;o4 
r.'o- 

1208 
12()!1 

1211; 

1214 
1214 

121.-. 

121. T 

12in 
1217 

rji-^ 

IV'IK 

1210 

121!1 

12-V! 
12"4 

12:10 


The  Copper  Curtailment 

We  are  at  last  able  to  form  a  fairly 
accurate  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  copper 
curtaihTient  as  affecting  the  supplies  of 
American  refiners,  respecting  which  there 
has  been  so  much  discussion  during  the 
last  four  months.  The  majority  of  Ameri- 
can smelters  report  their  production 
monthly.  We  make  the  following  com- 
parisons for  July  and  October,  1910.  Both 
are  months  of  31  days.  In  July  the  pro- 
duction was  at  or  near  the  zenith.  In 
October  all  of  the  curtailment  planned 
for  the  present  had  doubtless  been  ef- 
fected. 

sMi".i.Ti;its'   I'liiinrcTioN. 

(In  poHnd.s,  takin;;  the  nearest  round  llsure). 

Company  or  District.  .Tiily.  October. 

Anac.inda    2:i.7.".ii  iiiiii  22.1oo,oiio 

Arizona    2.O111F.11110  .■l.iKMl.ooii 

Balaklala     l.lnii.diiii  '.loo.iiiio 

East    Itntle l,2.".o.onii  ;i.-,ii.iioii 

Calumet   &   .\rizona..  2.7no,oiio  2.oo(i.iitio 

Copper  (Jueen    («)...  !S.7."i0.ooo  7.0110,0110 

Deiroil     1., sill), 0011  l,7.">ii.iiiio 

Imperial     son, 11011  non». 

Lake     Superior 111,01111.000  l.s.,-|OO,iio0 

Nevada    Consolidated     (i,;iiiii. ,"),2.".o.ooii 

Old    Dominion 2,oi"i."oii  2,:;."iii,iiiiii 

Shannon    2,2011.11011  l,:ioii,oiio 

Superior  &   Pittshni-K  2.22.'i.oiio  2,loo.oiio 

TTtah     .S.700,0I10  7,4.-|0.000 

Domes!  Ic,    nonreport- 

luK     ill) i:{.7.-i0.ooo  l:!,2.">0,000 

lu-.porls     (ci 2.s,ooo,ooo  2S,ooo.ooi> 

Total    12.-.S2.-.00O      n,-i,!)00,ooo 

Deduction    ((/)..      1.2.-.0.000  1.2.'i0,00o 

Net     totals 124..'i7.'>.000      1 14.li."i0.00o 

(rt)  Kxclnsive  o*"  Mocte'/.uma.  th)  Ksti- 
inated  lota!  for  Mountain.  Mammoth,  Con- 
solidaled  .Nrl^ona.  Tennessee,  Yampa,  I'lali 
Consolldaled.  I'nlled  Verde  and  cuslom  smell- 
ers, (ci  ,\veiaj:e  monthlv  Iniporlallon  diir- 
InK  lirst  10  months  of  IOI0,  td\  i;sllmaled 
deduction  for  copuer  ltoIiik  Into  blueslone  aiul 
for  loss   In   sTuellln;;   Imported   ore  and   lualte. 

In  compiling  the  above  table  we  have 
taken  the  average  monthly  importation 
of  copper  rather  than  the  figures  actually 
reported  for  the  two  months  under  com- 
parison. This  seems  to  us  to  be  the  more 
accurate  method  inasmuch  as  the  rate 
of  arrival  at  our  ports  of  entry  may  be 
quite  out  of  harmony  with  the  regularity 


of  production  by  the  shippers.  Thus 
the  importation  of  blister  copper  may  be 
swollen  in  one  month  by  the  arrival  of 
an  accumulation  of  Cerro  de  Pasco  cop- 
per, representing  the  output  of  two  previ- 
ous months,  delayed  in  transit;  and  in 
another  month  the  importation  of  matte 
may  be  abnormally  large  because  of  the 
arrival  of  a  cargo  of  Otavi  product.  This 
explains  in  part  why  the  fluctuations  in 
the  production  of  refined  copper  do  not 
exhibit  a  closer  parallelism  with  the 
production  of  crude  copper;  and  it  may 
also  be  a  partial  explanation  of  the  delay 
in  the  reflection  of  the  smelters'  curtail- 
ment in  the  refiners'  statistics.  That 
part  of  the  importation  of  blister  copper 
that  is  entered  at  New  York,  Baltimore 
and  Tacoma  is,  of  course,  raw  material 
immediately  available  to  the  refiners. 

The  importation  of  blister  copper  into 
the  United  States  during  the  first  10 
months  of  1910  has  been  209,132,160  lb.; 
of  copper  in  ore  and  matte,  70,416,442 
lb.;  total,  279,548,602  lb.  Besides  mak- 
ing the  assumption  of  this  average  of 
28.000,000  lb.  per  month  for  imported 
copper,  we  have  also  to  include  an  esti- 
mate of  the  domestic  smelters  who  do 
not  make  monthly  reports.  We  have  based 
this  estimate  upon  their  rate  of  output 
in  1909.  Our  estimated  total  for  July  is 
a  little  smaller  than  some  monthly  out- 
puts reported  by  the  refiners.  In  August, 
a  31-day  month,  a  maximum  of  127,800,- 
000  lb.  was  reported  by  the  refiners. 
The  slight  shortage  of  our  smelter  fig- 
ures is  explainable  partly  by  the  reason 
stated  in  the  previous  paragraph  and 
partly  by  th;  influence  of  stocks  of  crude 
copper  in  refiners'  hands.  The  agree 
mcnt  between  the  two  sets  of  figures  is, 


1190 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,   1910. 


however,  sufficiently  close  to  establish 
the  substantial  accuracy  of  our  enumera- 
tion for  the  smelters. 

It  appears  that  we  have  actually  had  a 
curtailment  of  about  10,000,000  lb.  from 
the  maximum.  On  the  total  production 
this  is  less  than  15  per  cent.  It  is  evi- 
dent, however,  that  systematic  curtail- 
ment has  been  made  only  by  the  Ana- 
conda, P.  D.  &  Co.,  Cole  &  Ryan  and 
Utah-Nevada  interests.  Their  production 
in  July  was  54,825,000  lb.;  in  October, 
47,650,000;  a  decrease  of  7,175,000  lb., 
which  is  close  to  the  15  per  cent,  that 
was  contemplated.  The  curtailment  that 
has  been  made  by  other  producers  has 
been  more  by  force  of  circumstances 
than  by  intention. 

The  statistics  of  the  Copper  Producers' 
Association  for  November  show  that  the 
curtailment  of  the  smelters  has  finally 
begun  to  materialize  in  the  refinery  te- 
ports,  but  not  yet  to  the  full  extent.  The 
refinery  production  in  November  was  at 
the  rate  ot  3,978,445  lb.  per  day  against 
about  4,080,000  in  October,  indicating  an 
actual  reduction  of  about  3,000,000  per 
30  days.  The  production  in  November 
was  swollen  by  the  Michigan  smelters, 
who  made  a  clean-up  in  anticipation  of 
the  close  of  navigation,  their  output  hav- 
ing been  about  2,000,000  lb.  larger  than 
in  October.  The  extraordinary  receipt  of 
blister  copper  in  September  from  Cerro 
de  Pasco  also,  without  doubt,  played  a 
part  in  the  refinery  figures  for  November. 
If  the  present  rate  of  curtailment  by  the 
smelters  be  maintained  we  ought  to  see 
the  refinery  production  come  down  to  an 
average  of  112,000,000  to  115,000,- 
000  lb.,  according  to  the  length  of  the 
month.  As  we  have  pointed  out  in  tne 
earlier  part  of  this  article,  this  is  the  min- 
imum to  be  expected.  Increasing  im- 
portations of  crude  copper,  matte  and  ore 
may  prevent  the  realization  of  that  mini- 
mum. There  is  a  tendency  for  such  im- 
portations to  increase,  our  splendid  smelt- 
ing and  refining  facilities  being  an  in- 
ducement to  draw  hither  a  custom  busi- 
ness that  otherwise  would  go  elsewhere. 
Of  course,  this  is  to  be  regarded  with 
r.pproval  rather  than  with  distress  as  to 
any  adverse  effect  it  may  have  upon  our 
statistics. 

As  for  the  November  statistics  in  otner 
particulars  no  further  comment  is  re- 
quired. Small  fluctuations  in  the  domes- 
tic and   foreign  deliveries  from  month  to 


month  are  apt  to  be  without  special  sig- 
nificance. The  most  satisfactory  feature 
about  the  November  statistics  as  a  whole, 
is  the  further  large  decrease  in  the  com- 
bined accumulation,  amounting  to  13,- 
733,645  lb.,  and  bringing  the  present  total 
down  to  323,589,069  lb.,  against  the  max- 
imum of  401,278,817  reported  at  the  first 
of  last  July. 


The  Anthracite  Trust  Decision 

The  United  States  Circuit  Court  at 
Philadelphia  has  at  last  given  its  deci- 
sion in  the  so  called  anthracite-trust  case, 
which  was  argued  before  it  last  February. 
The  decision  is  by  a  divided  court,  each 
of  the  three  judges  filing  a  separate  opin- 
ion; but  a  majority  united  in  the  general 
findings.  The  decision  does  not  appear 
altogether  consistent,  since  it  holds  that 
no  actual  trust  or  combination  existed  in 
contravention  of  the  law;  nevertheless  it 
holds  that  the  Temple  Iron  Company, 
which  is  controlled  jointly  by  the  an- 
thracite-carrying railroads  which  were 
defendants  in  the  suit  and  presumably 
acted  as  their  agent,  did  violate  the  anti- 
trust law  in  several  instances — notably 
in  its  purchase  of  the  Simpson-Watkins 
holdings,  the  largest  of  the  independent 
properties  in  the  anthracite  field,  and  in 
its  subsequent  suppression  of  the  plans 
for  a  new  competing  railroad  to  tide- 
water. It  is  accordingly  ordered  that 
the  Temple  Iron  Company  shall  be  en- 
joined from  continuing  its  activities,  and 
that  the  several  companies  shall  also  be 
enjoined  from  voting  on  their  stock,  and 
otherwise  continuing  their  control. 

On  the  other  hand  the  court  finds  that 
certain  proceedings  which  had  much  to 
do  with  the  unification  of  the  anthracite 
trade  were  not  illegal.  These  include  the 
purchase  by  the  Reading  Company  of  the 
controlling  interest  in  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  New  Jersey;  the  purchase  by  the 
Lthigh  Valley  of  the  stock  of  Coxe 
Brothers  &  Co.;  and  the  acquisition  by 
the  Erie  of  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Com- 
pany. It  also  holds  legal  the  contracts 
generally  in  force  in  the  region,  under 
which  the  several  carrying  companies 
buy  the  coal  of  the  independent  opera- 
tore  at  the  fixed  proportion  of  65  per 
cent,  of  the  selling  price  at  tidewater. 
With  the  exception  of  the  elimination  of 
the   Temple   Iron   Company   as  an   active 


agent,  the  decision  is,  therefore,  largely 
in  favor  of  the  anthracite  railroad  com- 
panies. 

That  this  decision  will  not  be  allowed 
to  stand  is  quite  certain.  No  action 
for  an  appeal  has  yet  been  taken  by  the 
defendant  companies;  but  it  has  been 
announced  that  the  legal  officers  of  the 
Government  will  take  the  case  to  the 
Supreme  Court  for  the  final  decision. 
The  three  judges  who  rendered  the  de-  I 
cision  are  all  of  high  standing:  Judge  ■ 
Gray,  especially,  being  considered  more 
familiar  with  the  history  and  conditions 
of  the  anthracite-coal  industry,  and  the 
laws  affecting  it,  than  any  man  now  on 
the  Federal  bench.  I 

This  decision  will  not,  as  George  F.  i 
Baer  is  reported  to  have  said,  convince 
the  public  that  "there  is  no  such  thing  as 
an  anthracite  trust."  Probably  the  opin- 
ion will  persist  among  those  best  in- 
formed— and  with  the  general  public  as 
well — that  there  is  no  great  industry  so 
thoroughly  unified  and  controlled  as  the 
mining  and  marketing  of  anthracite. 
This  is  not  done  through  any  technical  or 
legal  trust.  There  is  no  formal  combina- 
tion or  agreement.  The  result  has  been 
arrived  at  through  the  acquisition  of  con- 
trol in  the  stocks  of  the  different  com- 
panies by  allied  interests  and  the  tacit 
understanding  established  has  resulted 
in  a  "community  of  interest"  and  gen- 
eral agreement  which  seems  quite  as 
binding  and  effectual  as  any  formal 
trust. 


The  death  of  Col.  Henry  F.  DeBardale- 
ben  in  Birmingham  at  the  age  of  70  re- 
calls memories  of  the  Alabama  iron  boom 
of  the  '70s.  He  was  in  and  of  that  boom, 
essentially  part  of  it,  and  shared  in  its 
early  successes  and  its  partial  failures. 
A  promoter  by  nature  he  yet  achieved 
solid  results,  for  to  him  was  due  the 
starting  of  the  enterprises  which  have 
culminated  in  the  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron 
and  Railroad  Company,  the  Sloss-Shef- 
field  Steel  and  Iron  and  other  well  es- 
tablished companies.  In  his  time  he  made 
and  lost  several  fortunes;  but  he  never 
gave  up,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  at  the  head  of  a  company  which  is 
opening  up  a  hitherto  undeveloped  sec- 
tion of  the  Alabama  coalfields.  He  was  a 
promoter  of  the  highest  type,  and  a  man 
of  unfailing  energy  and  resource  to  the 
last. 


December  17.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1191 


Metallics 

In  figuring  on  large  hydraulic  installa- 
tions data  as  to  rainfall,  etc.,  covering  at 
least  seven  consecutive  seasons  should 
be  considered. 

Carbon  monoxide  is  best  prepared  by 
dropping  85  per  cent,  formic  acid  through 
a  safety  thistle  tube  into  hot  concen- 
trated   sulphuric    acid. 

In  barium  sulphate  precipitation,  there 
should  be  only  a  few  drops  of  free  hy- 
drochloric acid  present,  especially  if  there 
be  free  chlorides  in  solution,  or  an  ap- 
preciable amount  of  barium  sulphate  will 
be  held  unprecipitated. 

A  hoisting  engineer  should  not  be 
transferred  from  one  engine  to  another 
unless  the  motions  for  starting  and  stop- 
ping the  engines  are  identical  in  each 
case.  His  movements  become  automatic 
and  with  levers  operating  in  a  reverse 
manner  a  mistake  is  liable  to  be  made. 

A  striking  feature  of  the  ores  of  the 
Republic,  Wash.,  district  is  the  com- 
paratively great  amount  of  selenium  in 
them  along  with  appreciable  amounts  of 
tellurium.  The  selenium  in  some  high- 
grade  ore  is  as  much  as  5.26  per  cent. 
Silver  selenide  is  also  found  in  the  ore. 

To  obtain  the  approximate  weight  of 
iion  or  steel  bars:  For  round  bars  mul- 
tiply the  square  of  the  diameter  in 
inches  by  2-j,  and  for  rectangular 
shapes  multiply  the  product  of  the  width 
and  thickness  in  inches  by  3',i;  in  either 
case  the  result  will  be  the  weight  of  bar 
in  pounds  per  linear  foot. 

According  to  researches  on  the  Indian 
plague,  it  is  communicated  only  by  the 
bite  of  an  infected  flea  and  not  by  the 
mere  presence  of  the  animal.  Engineers 
?oing  into  hot  countries  may  be  interested 
in  noting  that  the  bite  can  often  be  pre- 
vented by  the  use  of  medicated  soaps, 
jven  though  the  flea  cannot  be  driven 
iway. 

The  usual  method  of  separating  thor- 
um  from  allied  impurities  has  been  the 
■factional  crystallization  of  a  sulphate  so- 
ution.  The  process  is  much  expedited, 
f  methyl-  or  ethyl-sulphates  be  used,  as 
he  differences  in  solubility  between  these 
salts  of  thorium  and  similar  earthy 
netals  is  greater  than  with  the  ordinary 
sulphate. 

Recent  melting-point  determinations 
lave  been  made  in  vacuo,  some  of  the 
esults  being  as  follows:  Pt,  1745  to 
755  deg.  C;  Mo,  2110  deg.;  Ir,  2210  to 
1225  deg.;  Ti  (5  per  cent,  carbon! 
howed  signs  of  fusing  at  2700  deg.;  W, 
■575  deg.;  kaolin,  1910  to  191ti  deg.  The 
ttcmpt  was  made  to  determine  the  melt- 
ng  points  of  alumina,  lime  and  magnesia 
'!  vacuo,  but  they  were  too  volatile.  In 
|iitrogen:  Alumina  melted  at  2065  deg. 
-.;  lime  at  about  20.35  deg.;  while  mag- 
esia  remained  unmelted  at  2400  degrees. 


By  the  Way 


The  steamship  "Chatham"  recently  land- 
ed at  Perth  Atriboy,  N.  J.,  3010  tons  of 
silver  ore  from  Antofagasta,  Chili,  val- 
ued at  more  than  S500,000. 

The  Reliance  dredge,  working  for  gold, 
near  Breckenridge,  Colo.,  is  reported  to 
have  discovered  the  outcrop  of  a  vein  of 
lead-iron  ore,  the  mineral  scooped  up  by 
the  dredge  being  said  to  be  of  shipping 
grade.  This  is  the  first  discovery  of 
this  kind  that  has  come  to  our  attention. 

Deep-drainage  tunnels  serve  to  drain 
the  mines  intersected.  They  are  apt  also 
to  drain  the  pockets  of  their  promoters, 
the  mines  drained  of  water  being  given 
to  hoisting  their  ore  in  the  same  o'd  way. 
Let  us  hope  that  this  will  not  be  the  ex- 
perience of  the  builders  of  the  recently 
completed  tunnels  in  Colorado. 

Mining  engineering  is  such  a  simple 
profession;  anyone  can  soon  learn  to 
talk  about  "a  very  promising  oreshoot, 
tunnels,  drifts,  tramway,  hoist,  etc." 
With  this  vocabulary  (and  "porphyry 
dike")  the  son  or  brother  of  the  president 
or  leading  stockholder  in  the  East  is  usu" 
ally  regarded  as  properly  equipped  to  run 
the  mine  to  the  best  advantage.  It  i'^ 
such  a  simple  matter,  you  know,  to  dig 
out  the  ore — when  you  have  it. 

A  new  mineral  has  been  discovered  by 
wireless.  Under  date  of  Dec.  7,  the  New 
York  Times  prints  a  wireless  despatch 
which  states  that  "a  new  mineral  has 
been  discovered  at  Vinhadux,  near  AI- 
meria,  Spain,  and  has  been  named  'cala- 
fatita,'  after  its  finder,  Sefior  Calafat. 
This  mineral  consists  of  a  substance 
which,  after  being  calcined,  produces 
pure  alumina  and  pure  sulphate  of  soda. 
As  the  vein  is  a  large  one,  it  is  believed 
that  it  contains  several  million  tons." 
Better  get  in  quick  if  you  want  any,  as 
the  despatch  further  states  that  "an 
American  firm  has  already  made  an  offer 
to  purchase  60,000  tons  of  new  mineral 
annually." 

Metallurgists  will  not  need  to  index 
this  new  process,  though  they  may  be 
interested  in  reading  about  it.  The  El 
Paso  Herald  quotes  from  the  report  of 
Consul-General  Henry  W.  Diederich,  of 
Antwerp,  concerning  a  new  process  for 
the  treatment  of  "copper  residuum,  and 
obtaining  therefrom  copper  in  the  form 
of  cement  or  precipitate  of  copper,  sul- 
phate of  ferromanganese  and  subsidiary 
granulated  brass  or  bronze.  It  is  said 
that  by  no  other  process  can  manganese 
as  a  fertilizer  be  produced  to  compete 
with  this  new  process,  although  the  pro- 
prietors are  not  pushing  it  in  that  connec- 
tion, confining  themselves  largely  to  the 
manufacture  of  sulphate  of  iron  as  a  by- 
product from  copper  ashes,  waste,  etc." 
All  of  which  indicates  that  the  consular 
service   might   be   of   much    benefit   to   a 


variety  of  industries  if  some  person  of 
technical  training  were  attached  to  the 
consulate  offices  in  the  important  centers. 

According  to  an  Australian  correspond- 
ent of  the  Mining  Journal,  there  appears 
to  be  a  singular  unanimity  of  opinion 
among  Australasian  scientists  respecting 
the  probable  existence  of  gold  in  a  por- 
tion of  the  Antarctic  regions,  and  it  is 
understood  that  one  of  the  four  parties 
into  which  the  Scott  expedition  will  be 
divided  on  reaching  a  certain  point  will 
proceid  to  the  Beardmore  glacier,  about 
half-way  to  the  south  pole,  to  search  for 
gold  and  prospect  for  other  minerals.  J. 
Allan  Thomson,  who  will  have  charge  of 
the  party,  was  recently  in  Sydney,  and  is 
strongly  optimistic  with  regard  to  the 
probabilities  of  success,  by  reason  of  the 
formation  of  the  Beardmore  field  strong- 
ly resembling  that  of  Alaska,  with  the 
difference  that  there  is  no  vegetation  of 
any  kmd.  It  is  a  land  of  rocks,  and  snow 
and  ice.  Here  the  party  will  take  up  its 
quarters,  and  make  a  thorough  geological 
investigation  of  the  country.  Should  gold 
be  found  in  payable  quantities,  the  work 
of  settlement  would  not  be  more  difficult 
than  in  Alaska.  The  earliest  news  from 
'he  party  will  reach  New  Zealand  about 
the   end   of    1914. 

When  a  man  buys  a  house  or  a  farm 
or  an  interest  in  an  iron  foundry,  he  will 
usually  know  exactly  where  it  is  situated 
and  probably  before  investing  he  investi- 
gates its  compar.itive  merits  with  that  of 
its  neighbors.  The  average  Eastern  in- 
vestor, however,  frequently  does  not 
worry  about  the  situation  of  the  mine  he 
has  invested  in,  nor  the  factors  essential 
to  success  in  the  district.  He  informs  you 
that  he  is  interested  in  a  mine  "out 
West,"  and  when  you  make  further  in- 
quiries to  find  out  where  the  property  is, 
he  is  seldom  able  to  tell  you  the  exact 
situation  of  the  mine.  What  district? 
Wei),  he  has  usually  forgotten  the  dis- 
trict, too.  All  right,  in  what  State?  He 
may  inform  you  it  is  in  Arizona  or  Ne- 
vada, he  is  not  sure  which.  If  the  prop- 
erty is  in  Mexico  the  foreign  features 
have  probably  made  an  impression  on 
him  and  he  is  usually  able  to  tell  you  in 
what  country  the  mine  is  situated,  but  he 
is  not  always  sure  whether  it  is  a  cop- 
per, or  a  silver  mine.  It  is  seldom  that 
he  has  as  definite  an  idea  as  had  Rastus, 
who,  according  to  Everybody's,  was 
polishing  the  boots  of  a  certain  Senator 
in  a  Washington  hotel,  when  the  fol- 
lowing conversation  ensued:  "I  think  you 
said.  Rastus,  that  you  had  a  brother  in  the 
mining  business  in  the  West?"  "Yeh, 
boss,  that's  right."  "What  kind  of  min- 
ing? Gold  mining,  silver  mining  or 
copper  mining?"  "No,  sah,  none  of 
those;  kalsomining."  If  many  investors 
knew  as  definitely  as  Rastus  what  sort 
of  mining  they  were  going  into,  the  in- 
dustry would  be  on  a  much  saner  basis. 


1192 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


Safe   Transportation    of  Explosives 

Through  the  Journal  I  should  like  to 
bring  to  the  attention  of  contractors  gen- 
erally a  matter  of  great  importance  to 
them  and  to  the  traveling  public.  All 
shipments  of  explosives  must  be  made 
strictly  in  accordance  with  Federal  laws 
for  the  violations  of  which  the  penalty  is 
a  fine  not  to  exceed  S2000  and  imprison- 
ment not  to  exceed  18  months.  These 
laws  will  be  found  in  sections  233  to 
236.  inclusive,  of  the  act  of  Congress  of 
March  4,  1909,  and  in  the  regulations 
of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
for  the  transportation  of  explosives  in 
interstate  commerce  promulgated  in  con- 
formity with  section  233  of  the  act  cited. 
It  is  absolutely  essential  that  all  shippers 
of  explosives  should  become  thoroughly 
familiar  with  these  regulations.  A  copy 
can  be  obtained  from  any  railway  agent, 
and  information  in  regard  to  any  doubt- 
ful point  will  be  cheerfully  furnished  by 
the  Bureau  of  Explosives,  American 
Railway  Association,  24  Park  place,  New 
York. 

The  rules  prescribe  in  detail  the  quali- 
ties of  boxes  and  kegs  used  for  the  ship- 
ment of  high  explosives  and  black  pow- 
der, the  markings  that  must  be  on  these 
packages,  the  names  that  must  be  used  in 
describing  the  shipments  on  shipping  or- 
ders, and  the  certificate  that  the  shipper 
must  furnish  on  his  shipping  order.  The 
explosives  must  be  in  proper  condition 
fur  safe  transportation  and  the  packages 
must  be  in  good  order.  Unless  this  be 
true,  and  unless  all  other  rules  are  com- 
plied with,  the  shipper  cannot  truthfully 
sign  the  certificate  required  from  him. 

The  manufacturers  of  explosives  and 
ihe  caretakers  of  storage  magazines 
throughout  the  United  States  are  now 
conversant  with  these  rules,  and,  as  a 
rule,  are  complying  with  them.  The 
principal  danger  of  disastrous  explosions 
in  transit  seems  now  to  accompany  the 
shipments  of  explosives  offered  by  con- 
tractors, many  of  whom  obtain  explo- 
sives in  good  condition  from  fre  fac- 
tories, or  storage  magazines,  and  do  not 
provide  proper  storage  facilities  for  these 
explosives  while  in  their  possession.  Ex- 
posure to  dampness  and  to  elevated  tem- 
peratures is  liable  to  cause  deterioration 
in  explosive  packages  and  in  their  con- 
tents. The  wood  pulp  and  nitrate  of  soda 
used  as  an  absorbent  for  nitroglycerin 
in  dynamite  are  hygroscopic  and  will 
readily  absorb  moisture  from  the  air.  In 
proportion  to  this  absorption,  the  nitro- 
glycerin has  a  tendency  to  exude   from 


the  cartridges.  When  it  does  this,  it  will 
be  absorbed  by  the  wood  of  the  dynamite 
box  and  is  liable  to  leak  through  the 
joints. 

There  can  be  no  more  serious  vio- 
lation of  the  rules  than  to  offer  for  ship- 
ment a  box  of  dynamite  in  this  condi- 
tion. The  same  kind  of  exposure  re- 
sults in  rusting  of  black-powder  cans 
and  the  opening  of  their  seams.  As 
soon  as  a  leakage  of  black  powder  from 
one  of  these  packages  occurs  in  a  cai- 
there  are  many  ways  in  which  ignition 
of  the  material  can  result.  In  one  case 
loose  powder  from  such  leakage  escaped 
through  a  crack,  or  nail  hole,  in  the  floor 
of  a  car  in  a  freight  train  standing  on 
a  siding  and  the  powder  was  blown  by 
the  wind  toward  the  main  track.  Sparks 
from  the  fire  box,  or  the  brakes  of  a 
passing  locomotive,  ignited  this  train  and 
the  entire  shipment  of  powder  exploded 
while  a  passenger  car  was  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity.  All  of  the  passengers  in 
the  car  were  either  killed  or  injured. 

Careless  Shipments  of  Explosives 
A  contractor  doing  work  on  a  railroad 
applied  to  the  railway  agent  for  billing 
to  ship  his  outfit  of  five  cars  to  another 
point  on  the  road.  He  said  nothing  about 
having  explosives  in  his  outfit.  One  of 
his  cars  contained  a  large  amount  of  both 
dynamite  and  black  powder.  The  car  was 
in  bad  condition  and  contained  many 
holes  and  cracks  through  which  hay,  on 
the  fioor  of  the  car,  protruded  and  of- 
fered an  excellent  opportunity  for  igni- 
tion by  sparks  from  locomotives.  The 
packages  were  leaking  and  a  large 
am.ount  of  loose  powder  was  on  the  floor 
mixed  with  this  hay.  Upon  arrival  at 
destination  no  mention  of  the  contents 
was  made  to  the  agent  at  that  point,  and 
the  car  was  permitted  to  stand  for  a  num- 
ber of  days  on  a  siding  near  the  main 
track  where  it  was  exposed  to  this  con- 
stant danger  of  ignition  from  passing  lo- 
comotives. Through  carelessness  of  the 
contractor's  representatives  an  explosion 
did  finally  occur  during  the  unloading  of 
this  car,  which  resulted  in  the  deaths  of 
two  men  and  one  child. 

Two  cases  have  been  reported  recently 
to  the  Bureau  of  Explosives  showing  the 
extreme  carelessness  of  contractors  that  it 
is  hoped  this  communication  will  help 
to  remove.  One  of  them  shipped  on  a  fiat 
car  miscellaneous  materials,  including  a 
tin  bucket  containing  14  cartridges  of  dy- 
namite of  high  strength.  Another  con- 
tractor shipped  a  box  of  tools  and  placed 
in  this  box  three  boxes  containing  50 
lb.    each    of   dynamite,    together    with    a 


number  of  blasting  caps.  There  was 
nothing  in  the  marking  of  these  packages 
to  indicate  the  serious  violations  of  the 
law  involved  in  these  shipments. 
•  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Bureau  of 
Explosives  to  prosecute  vigorously  viola- 
tions of  this  kind,  and  this  letter  is  writ- 
ten in  the  hope  that  it  will  impress  upon 
contractors  their  moral  and  legal  respon- 
sibilities in  making  these  shipments. 
Col.  B.  W.  Dunn, 

Chief  Inspector,  Bureau  for  the  Safe 
Transportation  of  Explosives  and  Other 
Dangerous  Articles. 

New  York,  Dec.  8,  1910. 


Unusual    Causes  for  Smeltery 

Shutdown 


An  item  appeared  in  the  New  York 
Evening  Post  telling  how  the  Gary  steel 
plant  was  tied  up  on  Dec.  8  by  thousands 
of  fresh-water  herring  pouring  into  the 
intake  of  ths  rail  mill.  It  also  tells  of 
another  occasion  when  the  killing  of  a  rat 
in  the  power  house  caused  the  power  to 
be  shut  off  for  several  hours,  thereby 
leaving  6000  men  idle.  These  instances 
remind  me  of  how  fish  and  wolves 
stopped  the  smeltery  of  the  Mond  Nickel 
Company  at  Victoria  Mine,  Ont.,  during 
the  winter  of  1906,  and  it  did  not  sound  so 
ridiculous  while  it  was  happening  as  it 
does  now. 

The  slag  was  granulated  by  being 
struck  by  a  stream  of  water  issuing  from 
a  nozzle  under  a  gravity  pressure  of 
about  25  ft.  The  pipe  line  connected  with 
a  dcm  on  Fairbank  creek  about  1400  ft. 
from  the  smeltery,  and  the  water  passed 
through  a  screen  before  entering  the  pipe. 
The  screen  would  get  clogged  and  during 
cleaning  a  hole  was  punched  in  it  which 
al'owed  fish  to  enter.  They  passed  down 
the  pipe  line  and  got  fast  in  the  nozzle  of 
the  granulator  so  that  the  water  was 
shut  off,  the  granulator  put  out  of  busi- 
ness and  the  smeltery  shut  down  while 
the  whole  force  went  fishing.  After  a 
couple  of  hours'  work  a  fish  was  found 
and  caught  by  a  pair  of  blacksmiths' 
tongs  and  furnished  fresh  fish  for  the 
foreman.  It  was  a  pike  about  2  f'. 
long  and  completely  filled  a  3-in.  pips 
siipplying  water  to  the  granulator. 

The  experience  with  the  wolves  was 
more  exciting,  althoi'i'ii  they  did  not  get 
into  the  pipes.  Wood  was  used  to  heat 
the  boilers  and  as  it  occupied  so  much 
space  in  the  boiler  room  that  a  supply 
could  not  be  stored  that  would  last  over 
night,  it  was  necessary  to  have  a  couple 


December  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1193 


of  men  and  a  tram  with  a  sled  to  haul  in 
wood  about  3  a.m. 

The  French-Canadian  who  had  the  con- 
tract to  deliver  the  wood  from  the  wood 
yard  to  the  boilers  was  timid  about  were- 
wolves, banshees,  etc.,  and  in  the  night 
i?  question  he  heard  some  wolves  howling 
near  the  wood  yard  and  immediately  fled. 
The  horses  became  frightened  and  ran 
away  with  the  partly  loaded  sled;  and  as 
the  only  road  that  they  were  in  the  habit 
of  traveling  led  from  the  wood  yard  to 
the  boiler  house,  about  50  yd.  away,  they 
proceeded  to  work  up  a  speed  record 
for  their  class  and  distance,  assisted  by  a 
downhill  pull. 

There  was  a  sharp  turn  in  the  road 
just  before  entering  the  boi.er  house, 
so  that  the  sled  was  overturned  and  the 
wood  undoaded  before  it  arrived  at  its 
destination.  The  horses  and  the  overturned 
sled  then  charged  into  the  boiler  house 
and  disarranged  a  few  things  and  did  not 
stop  in  time  to  save  the  opposite  side  of 
the  building,  which  they  knocked  out. 
The  result  was  a  shutdown  of  the  smelt- 
ery by  the  howling  of  a  few  hungry 
wolves. 

This  fact  was  mentioned  in  the  monthly 
report  and  made  an  interesting  variation 
to  the  monotonous  repetition  of  facts  re- 
garding tonnage  cost  and  metallurgical 
recovery.  It  also  gave  the  impression  to 
the  English  stockholders  that  the  opera- 
tion of  the  plant  was  attended  with  great 
personal  risk,  due  to  these  savage  ani- 
mals whose  contralto  voices  had  so 
frightened  the  poor  man  that  he  was  un- 
able to  find  their  tracks  in  the  snow 
*'ithin  a  half  mile  of  the  works. 

Hiram  W.  Hixon. 

Philadelphia,  Penn.,  Dec.  10,  1910. 


Proposed  Amendment  for  Location 
of  Lode  Claims 


In  his  "Proposed  Amendment  for  Lo- 
:ation  of  Lode  Claims,"  communicated 
hrough  the  columns  of  the  Journal  of 
^ov.  26,  1910,  Max  Boehmer  seems  quite 
villing  to  keep  within  the  system  of 
i-hich  the  "extralateral  right"  is  the  cen- 
tal feature.  It  is  not  clear  whether  he 
i'orships  the  extralateral  right  as  some- 
hing  too  sacred  ever  to  be  changed;  but 
f  he  does  not,  there  are  other  men  in 
ur  country  who  do,  and  they  are  well 
leaning  men  at  that.  When  our  Dutch 
orefathers  landed  on  Manhattan  island, 
lose  who  objected  to  settling  there,  pre- 
rring  to  go  somewhere  else  where  they 
ould  build  dikes,  were  also  well  meaning 
len. 

But  as  critics,  are  we  not  apt  to  lay 
'0  much  stress  on  the  extralateral  right 
self,  and  too  little  on  secondary  evils 
lat  are  even  worse?  Under  the  exist- 
ig  law,  it  is  for  the  sake  of  the  extra- 
'teral  right  that  lode  locations  must 
ive    peculiar   shape;     if    the     claimant 


chooses  to  have  them  surveyed,  they 
must  be  surveyed  according  to  peculiar 
rules;  and  if  the  claimant  chooses  to  ap- 
ply for  patent,  a  peculiar  and  cumber- 
some routine  is  prescribed.  In  one  w'ay 
and  another,  the  law  is  so  loaded  down 
with  cumbersome  provisions  that  our  law- 
makers themselves  recognize  the  routine 
as  being  both  expensive  and  burdensome, 
and  out  of  regard  for  the  poor  claim 
owner  who  can  ill  afford  the  outlay  for 
that  sort  of  thing,  the  law  does  not  re- 
quire him  to  go  through  it  unless  he 
chooses  to  do  so.  The  final  result  in 
every  active  mining  district  is  a  tangled 
group  of  conflicting  locations,  whose 
ownership  and  rights,  when  any  valu- 
able ore  deposit  is  found,  must  usually 
be  determined  by  lawsuits  as  expensive 
and  as  distressing  as  the  stakes  are  high. 

The  decadence  of  metal  mining  in  some 
of  our  Western  States  is  becoming  a  sub- 
ject for  public  discussion.  While  looking 
for  the  causes  of  this  decadence,  what 
shall  we  say  about  the  timidity  of  in- 
vestors, growing  out  of  uncertainties  of 
title  and  fear  of  litigation? 

Under  the  present  law,  the  exact 
boundaries  and  rights  of  a  lode  loca- 
tion may  be  left  in  loose  indefinite  state 
for  an  unlimited  period  of  time  without 
any  record  at  all  in  the  United  States 
i-and  Office.  As  time  goes  on,  it  becomes 
more  and  more  difficult  to  find  out  what 
lai  ds  are  held  under  valid  right.  A 
claimant  is  not  required  to  have  his 
claim  surveyed,  or  mapped,  or  to  make 
application  for  patent.  There  is  no  way 
of  forcing  him  to  define  his  rights,  ex- 
cept through  the  expensive  and  doubtful 
process  of  making  an  antagonistic  loca- 
tion, having  an  official  survey  made  of  it, 
performing  at  least  S500  worth  of 
development  work,  and  then  filing  an  ap- 
plication in  the  Land  Office,  there  to  await 
an  adverse  claim.  A  claimant  is  not 
even  required  to  use  due  diligence  to- 
ward maintaining  his  location  corners. 
Proof  of  the  common  laxity  in  this  mat- 
ter is  to  be  found  in  official  notes,  filed 
in  the  Land  Office,  of  mining  claims  sur- 
veyed for  patent.  These  notes  show  that 
in  a  surprisingly  large  number  of  cases 
the  location  corners  could  not  be  found 
by  the  surveyor  at  all,  or  were  not  in  the 
places  contetnplated  by  the  notices. 

As  to  the  extralateral  right  itself,  the 
prudent  mining  man  has  learned  what  a 
risky  thing  it  really  is,  and  usually  looks 
for  means  of  making  it  harmless  in  his 
case.  It  is  common  occurrence,  now- 
adays, for  neighbors  to  agree  on  ver- 
tical-plane boundaries,  or  to  consolidate 
their  holdings,  so  as  to  clear  away  the 
clouds  cast  on  their  titles  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. But  where  no  patents  have 
been  issued  by  the  Government,  the  pru- 
dent investor  who  wants  to  find  out 
promptly  whether  any  valid  mineral 
rights  exist  within  a  specified  area,  and 
what  the  rights  consist  of,  generally 
finds   himself  so   helpless   and   confused 


that  the  only  real  prudence  seems  to  be 
in  keeping  himself  and  his  money  away 
altogether. 

The  committee  on  mineral  land  laws, 
reporting  to  the  recent  convention  of  the 
American  Mining  Congress,  recommended 
that  Congress  of  the  United  States  be 
urged  to  undertake  a  general  revision  of 
the  laws  relating  to  mineral  lands.  The 
committee  says:  "With  few  individual 
exceptions,  the  feeling  is  general  among 
mining  men,  that  a  general  revision  of 
our  mineral  land  laws  is  imperative." 
Quoting  again  from  the  report:  "Those 
who  study  the  matter  closely,  find  that 
the  laws  are  interdependent,  and  it  is 
difficult,  and  in  some  cases  impossible, 
to  correct  one  fault  without  going 
through  the  entire  code.  We  must  aban- 
don the  idea  of  patchwork,  and  concen- 
trate our  efforts  upon  the  task  of  se- 
curing a  general   revision." 

George  W.  Riter. 

Salt  Lake  Citv,  Utah. 


Mining  Methods  Employed  at 
Cananea 

I  have  not  had  time  to  go  over  Mr. 
Elsing's  "Mining  Methods  Employed  at 
Cananea,"  but  notice  one  error  that 
should  be  corrected.  It  is  stated  on  page 
914  of  the  Nrv  5  Journal  that  a  pre- 
mium of  0.25  peso  per  day  is  allowed 
for  men  who  work  every  day  but  three 
in  a  month.  It  should  read  0.50  peso, 
or  25c.,  U.  S.  cvrrency.  We  have  also 
recently  secured  tonnage  costs  on  stoping 
at  the  operating  mines,  and  they  differ 
materially  from  the  approximations  he 
furnished.  This  suggestion  is  offered  in  the 
best  spirit,  as  1  have  high  regard  for  Mr. 
Elsing,  but  have  a  higher  desire  that  the 
Journal's  figures  be  accurate. 

Cananea. 

Cananea,  Son..  Mex.,  Dec.  6,  1910. 


Poisoning  by  Cyanide 


The  use  of  cacodylate  of  soda  as  an 
antidote  for  cyanide  poisoning  is  new  to 
me  and  I  should  like  to  have  Mr.  Rogers 
give  more  definite  information  on  the  sub- 
ject than  he  submitted  in  his  article  pub- 
lished on  page  1092  of  the  Journal  of 
Dec.  3.  The  fact  that  cacodylate  of  soda 
has  been  used  with  success  is  in  itself 
irteresting  and  immediately  makes  me 
desire  to  know  more  of  the  details  of  its 
use.  Evidently  Mr.  Freeborn  has  deter- 
irined  the  strength  and  amount  of  solu- 
tion to  be  used,  and  it  is  such  definite  in- 
formation that  is  really  useful.  Person- 
ally I  am  not  in  a  position  to  do  much 
experimenting  to  determine  these  facts 
for  myself  but  I  should  certainly  like  to 
know  what  has  been  den  onstrated  by  ex- 
perience. Thr  publication  of  such  in- 
formation will  surely  benefit  many. 

R.  S.  Perry. 

New  York.   Dec.  4,   1910. 


1194 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  17,   1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 


'^Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  as^ 
Large  Mines.      Things  That  Hove  to  Be  Done,  in  Everyday  Mining 


Monumenting  Mexican  Mining 
Claims 


By  D.  B.  McAllister* 


There  is  considerable  anxiety,  at  pres- 
ent, on  the  part  of  mine  owners  in  Mex- 
ico to  know  if  their  property  is  marked 
by  suitable  monuments  to  satisfy  the 
conditions  of  the  new  mining  law.  This 
law  specifies  that  all  property  must  be 
proptrly  marked  by  monuments  of  a 
minimum  size,  before  Jan.  1,  1911,  under 
penalty  of  fines  and  further  complica- 
tions. The  accompanying  illustration 
shows  a  device  designed  for  the  rapid, 
accurate  and  uniform  construction  of 
such  monuments  at  a  nominal  cost. 


Jl  _^ 

Form   for  Shaping  Claim   Monuments 

It  is  taken  for  granted  that  the  points 
to  be  monumented  are  marked  by  a  stake 
in  the  ground,  a  cross  on  a  rock,  or 
otherwise.  The  simple  scheme  consists 
of  only  three  parts:  An  iron  pipe  A,  about 
3  ft.  longer  than  the  desired  hight  of  the 
monument,  and  about  1;_;  to  2  in.  in 
diameter;  a  wrought-iron  arm  B  and  a 
sweep  board  C.  The  pipe  is  driven  into 
the  ground  or  set  in  the  hole  in  the  rock 
material  designated;  it  is  plumbed  and 
anchored  by  ropes  or  stays  from  the  top, 
and  then  the  arm  is  fastened  thereto  at 
the  required  hight  by  means  of  the  drift 
pin  E.  The  sweep  board  is  then  bolted 
to  the  arm  at  the  desired  radius  with  its 
inner  edge  parallel  to  the  spindle  or  pipe 
The  whole  arrangement  can  then  be 
moved  freely  in  a  circle  with  the  pipe  as 
a  center  and  the  work  of  constructing 
the  monument  may  be  begun. 

The   rock,  brick    or  whatever  material 
is  used  in  the  construction  of  the  monu- 


*Minlni!  PiiKlneor.    Aimilado    l.'!2.    Sun    I.iii: 

PotOHl.     MpxU'O. 


ment  can  thsn  be  laid,  keeping  its  outer 
edge  Jj  in.  or  more  inside  the  edge  of 
the  sweep  board  to  allow  for  the  facing. 
The  sweep  board  acts  as  a  facing  too! 
when  the  monument  has  been  built  up 
to  the  required  hight.  The  pipe  is  then 
withdrawn  and  the  hole  filled  with  ce- 
ment. The  resulting  monument  is  verti- 
cal and  symmetrical.  The  sketch  shows 
the  arrangement  for  a  flat-top  monu- 
ment, but  any  desired  form  may  be  ob- 
tained by  adding  that  part  to  the  sweep 
board.  This  whole  arrangement  weighs 
only  a  few  pounds  and  can  be  easily 
adapted  to  any  kind  of  country. 


Small  Electric  Air  Heaters 


The  advantages  of  small  electric  air 
heaters,  say  of  50-h.p.  capacity,  are 
many.  This  subject  is  discussed  by  R. 
G.  Mackie  in  the  journal  of  the  Trans- 
vaal Institute  of  Mechanical  Engineers, 
Oct.,  1910.  as  follows:  The  air  tempera- 
ture at  the  drills  would  be  higher,  and  the 
expansive  effect  of  the  hot  air  used  to 
advantage.  The  compound  rock  drill 
would  then  have  an  increased  economy 
over  the  single-cylinder  drill;  the  ex- 
haust temperature  would  probably  be  low 
enough  as  to  not  affect  the  temperature 
of  the  mine,  and  these  drills  would,  in 
all  probability,  be  more  used.  The  rad- 
iation losses  would  be  more  easily  main- 
tained, as  the  expansion  and  contraction 
would  only  take  place  in  comparatively 
small  pipes.  In  the  case  of  large  rigid 
pipes  the  expansion  effect  of  the  hot  air 
would  cause  much  trouble,  and  expensive 
expansion  joints  and  bends  would  have 
to  be  inserted  in  the  mains.  Unless  these 
large  mains  were  covered  with  some  non- 
conductor of  heat,  the  radiation  losses 
would  be  great,  thus  tending  to  increase 
the  mine  temperature,  so  that  everything 
is  in  favor  of  small  heaters  close  to  the 
work. 

The  quantity  of  heat  available  from  an 
electric  current  which  passes  through  a 
high  resistance  is  proportional  to  the  cur- 
rent squared  multiplied  by  the  resistance, 
or  C-R.  By  raising  the  temperature  of 
the  air,  the  amount  of  work  it  is  capable 
of  performing  becomes  proportionally 
greater,  and  when  a  cheap  electrical  sup- 
ply is  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  mines 
the  re-heating  of  compressed  air  under- 
ground will,  I  hope,  become  economical. 
To  keep  the  efficiency  of  an  air  heater 
high,  the  air  to  be  heated  should  be  dry. 
The  moisture  can  be  eliminated  from  the 
air  before   it   gets  to   the   meter,   so   that 


every  unit  of  heat  than  can  be  applied 
to  and  retained  by  the  air  underground 
will   be  a  distinct  gain  to  the  consumer. 


Counterbalance  for  Skips 


The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a 
counterweight  which  is  being  installed  in 
one  of  the  Cleveland  Cliffs  iron  mines 
at   Ishpeming,  Mich.     It  consists  simply 


1° 
1. 

1 

•\ 

1 

1 

1  a 
1  - 

I" 

1 

L 

L 

.  1 

i, 
2  t 

- 1 

-^  1 

="1 
~l 

1 

1 

J 

1 

3 


/ 


1  .T  10  Irou 

Counterweight   for   Skip 

of  one  8- ft.  section  of  14-in.  cast-iro 
pipe  with  flanges,  mounted  in  a  fram' 
made  of  plate  and  angle  iron.  The  twosid 
pieces  are  'jxl6in.  x  10  ft.,  the  upperan 
lower  ends  being  fastened  together  wit 
IxlO-in.  plates  as  shown.  The  runnet 
are  made  of  3x4-in.  angle  iron  space 
9  in.  apart.  These  run  on  8-in.  woode 
guides  in  the  shaft.  The  runners  ar 
also  lined  with  'i-in.  plates  both  on  tl: 
angle  iron  and  on  the  I/16-in.  side  plati 
This  lining  is  easily  removed  in  case  c 
excessive  wear  and  repairs  can  be  easll 
made.     A  wooden  block  is  placed  in  th 


r 


i 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1195 


bottom  to  act  as  a  cushion  and  also  add 
to  the  strength.  The  cast-iron  pipe  be- 
ing hollow  gives  ample  room  to  add  any 
amount  of  scrap  iron  in  order  to  give  it 
the  desired   weight. 

Another  type  of  counterbalance  used 
by  the  same  company  consists  of  a  piece 
of  solid  steel  shafting  about  10  in.  in 
diameter  which  runs  inside  of  a  12-in. 
pipe.  The  pipe  thus  takes  place  of  a 
guide.  Other  counterbalances  used  at 
various  mines  consist  of  a  steel  frame 
work  in  which  large  pieces  of  cast  iron 
arc  mounted  and  may  be  removed  or 
added  to  as  desired  in  the  same  manner 
as  on  elevators  in  buildings. 


Mine  Signal  Switch 

A  mine-signal  switch  designed  by  A.  H. 
MacGregor,  Palatka,  Mich.,  is  shown  in 
the  accompanying  diagram.  The  prin- 
cipal feature  in  this  switch  is  that  it  is 
strong  and  not  liable  to  get  out  of  order 
2S  does  a  more  delicate  one  under  the 
rough  usage  of  the  miner.  The  parts  are 
mounted  upon  a  hardwood  board,  1x8x16- 


SiGNAL  Switch  at  Baltic  Mine, 
Michigan 

in.,  and  inclosed  within  a  box  as  shown 
by  the  dotted  line. 

The  switch  lever  is  of  3/16x1  Vt  in. 
steel  upon  which  a  copper  contact  is 
soldered.  The  lever  is  pivoted  at  /i  and 
is  held  in  position  by  a  bar  A,  which  pre- 
vents any  side  movement.  The  copper  bar 
C  is  in  contact  with  the  lever  at  all  times. 
Tne  circuit  is  completed  with  the  contact 
C.  A  No.  10  tension  spring  breaks  the 
circuit  as  soon  as  the  operator  releases 
the  handle  D.  The  switch  is  placed  about 
elbow  high  so  that  it  requires  some  effort 
to  operate  it.  In  this  way  the  contacts  are 
positive  and  distinct,  and  there  is  no  flut- 
tering as  is  the  case  when  a  switch  is  in 
such  a  position  that  it  can  be  operated 
rapidly.  The  board  and  handle  D  are 
covered  with  an  insulating  paint.  The 
device  has  been  in  use  over  a  year  and 
is  now  installed  at  several  of  the 
Pickands-Mather  mines. 


Platinum  has  been  found  in  the  gold- 
bearing  sands  of  Nueva  Ecija  in  the 
Philippines,  but  in  very  small  quantities. 


Whitford-Mills  Skip  Changing 
Device 


By  E.  M.  Weston* 

The  changing  device  for  skip  and  man 
cage  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustra- 
tion is  being  installed  at  the  shafts  of 
the  City  Deep  Gold  Mining  Company,  on 
the  Rand.  It  consists  essentially  of  a 
carriage  27  ft.  6  in.  long,  which  is  con- 
structed of  steel  and  runs  over  the  com- 
partment of  the  shaft.  It  is  moved  by  the 
hand  device  shown  at  A,  which  also  en- 
ables it  to  be  fixed  in  any  position.  It 
carries  two  sets  of  guides  B  and  C.  which 


cage  with  its  guides,  B,  into  the  hoisting 
compartment  in  line  with  the  permanent 
guides.  The  guides  are  thoroughly  se- 
cured to  the  guides  in  the  shaft,  the  cable 
attached  to  the  cage  and  it  is  ready  for 
use. 


Circuit  Tester  for  Blasters 

The  du  Pont  galvanometer  or  circuit 
tester  recently  placed  on  the  market  not 
only  indicates  whether  an  electrical  cir- 
cuit is  closed  or  not,  but  also  indicates 
within  practical  limits  the  amount  of 
electric  resistance  in  the  circuit.  With 
it  a  blaster  can  with  care  determine  with 
a  great  deal  of  certainty  that  each  of  the 


Knglpe  House  Sido  |r 


--^i6-    -4 3-0--  -^  't'"'"!"    2   D»r  Hum 

General  Plan 
Sectiou  at  £*-/•' 


Note  ■  Botb  Kutiij»r» 
.t.  Ilbjrt 


T/u-  f:fiitinteriiiQ  .^  Mining  Journal 

Whitford-Mills  Skip-chancing  Device 


are  hinged,  allowing  either  skip  on  man 
cage  to  be  removed  for  repairs.  These 
guides  are  inoved  into  a  gap  left  in  the 
permanent  guides,  as  shown.  When  mak- 
ing a  change  the  man  cage  is  placed  on 
the  rear  compartment  opposite  the  steps, 
which  are  so  constructed  as  to  enable  its 
three  stories  to  be  quickly  filled  with  men. 
When  the  skip  is  working  in  the  shaft, 
and  it  is  necessary  to  change  to  the  man 
cage,  the  skip  is  hauled  up  into  the  space 
between  the  forward  set  of  temporary 
guides  C.  and  supported  there.  The 
shackle  of  the  hoisting  rope  is  then  de- 
tached. The  carriage  is  moved  forward 
displacing  the  skip  and  bringing  the  man 

•MInhii:  pnglnoiT.    Jci   si.    Mni.v's  bnlldinffii, 
Tf'imnni'shiifR.    S.    .\ 


electric  fuses  in  a  blast  is  in  good  con- 
dition before  the  shot  is  fired. 

After  the  holes  are  all  connected  up 
the  blaster  connects  the  two  leading  wires 
to  the  galvanometer  and  this  will  indi- 
cate not  only  whether  the  circuit  is  com- 
plete or  not,  but  also  if  there  are  leaks 
through  bare  connections.  The  number 
of  electric  fuses  connected  in  series  can 
thus  be  estimated.  For  instance,  if  a 
blaster  has  30  holes,  in  each  of  which 
there  is  an  8- ft.  electric  fuse,  by  referring 
to  the  table  furnished  with  the  instru- 
ment, he  will  see  that  the  total  amount 
of  resistance  should  be  33' <  ohms.  If 
the  needle  on  the  galvanometer  indicates 
close  to  that  figure  he  may  be  perfectly 
sure:      (1)   That  none  of  the   fuses  are 


1196 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


broken;  (2)  that  there  is  no  leakage  of 
current  through  the  bare  ends  of  the 
connecting  wires;  and  (3)  that  the  lead- 
ing wires  are  intact.  If  a  wire  of  one 
of  the  fuses  has  been  broken  in  tamping 
there  will  be  no  motion  of  the  needle 
when  the  instrument  is  connected  by  the 
two  hading  wires.  By  going  over  the 
bare  connections  over  the  holes,  it  is  pos- 
sible for  him  in  a  few  minutes  to  deter- 
mine which  fuse  has  the  open  circuit. 

It  frequently  happens  that  the  leading 
wires  become   frayed   and   the   insulation 
removed    in    places,    and   this    bare    wire 
may  fall  over  an  air  or  steam  pipe  or  a 
rail,    thereby    producing    a    short    circuit 
through  the  pipe  or  rail.    When  the  blast- 
er tests  his  leading  wires  on  the  galvano- 
meter it  will   immediately   show   a   short 
circuit  and  he  will  not  attempt  to  fire  the 
blast  until  the  wires  are  lifted  clear  from 
the   iron.     In   finding   a  break   or  broken 
wire  in  a  large  floor  blast,  the  instrument 
can    be    attached     successively    to    the 
double  lines  of  hore  holes  at  the  ends  so 
that    the    line    containing    the    break    is 
quickly   found,   after  which  the   fuses   in 
each  bore  hole  are  gone  over  separately. 
It  is,  of  course,  not  possible  to  determine 
positively    after    a    blast    has    been    fired 
whether  the  protruding  wires   from  any 
bore  hole  are  connected  to  a  live  electric 
fuse  or  not,  as  the  end  wires  are  usually 
stripped    and    crumpled    together    by    the 
firing   of  the   blast. 


The  v.ater  glass  (sodium  silicate) 
which  has  penetrated  the  pores  has  come 
in  contact  with  the  alkalies  in  the  ce- 
ment and  formed  an  insoluble  hard  ma- 
terial to  a  depth  of  's  to  ■  _>  in.,  accord- 
ing to  the  density  of  the  concrete.  The 
excess  sodium  silicate  which  has  re- 
mained on  the  surface  not  having  conie 
in  contact  with  the  alkalies  is  soluble, 
therefore  easily  washed  off  with  water. 
The  reason  for  washing  off  the  surface 
between  each  coat  and  allowing  the  sur- 
face to  dry,  is  to  obtain  a  more  thorough 
penetration  of  the  sodium  silicate. 


1000  and  a  third  for  numbers  above  1000, 
The  accompanying  sketch  shows  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  aisles  passing  the  of- 
fice  windows. 


Assayer's  Slag  Catcher 


1 


Checking  Men  In  and  Out  of 
Mines 

At  the  Newport  mine,  Ironwood,  Mich., 
where  over  1000  men  are  employed,  each 
man  is  given  a  brass  tag  with  a  number. 
Each  morning  as  he  goes  to  work  he  must 
appear  at  the  timekeeper's  office  and  pre- 
sent his  brass  tag,  receiving  in  exchange  a 


Timekeeper's  OflRce 


The  call  for  "corrected"  assays  seems 
to  be  growing  constantly,  which  means 
that  the  scorifler  slags  and  cupel  bottoms 
must  be  saved.  For  those  laboratories  in 
which  a  square  anvil  is  used,  a  false  top 
saves  a  great  deal  of  trouble.  As  can 
be  seen  from  the  illustration,  it  is  a  piece 
of  cast  steel,  with  a  space  below  into 
which  the  top  of  the  anvil  fits,  while  in 
the  center  of  the  top  is  a  small  square 
boss  with  a  polished  face  and  what 
amounts  to  a  ditch  around  it  to  catch 
the  broken  slags.  It  is  well  to  place  a 
piece     of    sheet     asbestos    between    the 


-i 


■^ 


-3^^ 


H- 


ToFit-Anvil- 


J. 


Tim  En.jui^erirti;  ,}-  Mining  Journal 

SCORIFIER-SLAG    CATCHER 


Impervious  Concrete  Tanks 
By  Alfred  Mover* 

Concrete  tanks  may  be  rendered  im- 
pervious, odorless  and  sanitary,  provided 
the  interior  surfaces  be  treated  as  fol- 
lows: After  the  forms  have  been  re- 
moved, grind  off  with  a  carborundum 
stone  any  projections  due  to  the  concrete 
seeping  through  the  points  between  the 
boards.  Keep  the  surface  damp  for  two 
weeks  from  the  placing  of  the  concrete. 
Wash  the  surface  thoroughly  and  allow 
to  dry.  Mix  a  solution  of  one  part  sol- 
uble water  glass  (sodium  silicate)  40 
deg.  B.,  with  four  to  six  parts  water,  total 
five  to  seven  parts,  according  to  the  den- 
sity of  the  concrete  surface  treated.  The 
denser  the  surface  the  weaker  should  be 
the  solution. 

Apply  the  water-glass  solution  with  a 
brush.  After  four  hours  and  within  24 
hours,  wash  off  the  surface  with  clean 
water.  Again  allow  the  surface  to  dry. 
When  dry  apply  another  coat  of  the  wa- 
ter-"Iass  solution.  After  four  hours  and 
wit'-^n  24  hours,  again  wash  off  the  sur- 
face -ith  clear  water  and  allow  to  dry. 
RTPPt  this  process  for  three  or  four 
coats,  which  should  be  sufficient  to  close 
all  the  pores. 


•Engineer,    200    Fifth    avenue.    New    YoiU. 


Entrance    to    Timekeeper's    Office, 
Newport  Mine,  Ironwood,  Mich. 

small  cardboard  check  upon  which  is  the 
date,  his  name,  number  and  occupation. 
He  keeps  this  check  during  the  day  and 
returns  it  at  night  with  the  timekeeper's 
notation  on  it  showing  the  number  of 
hours  worked  and  the  job  or  contract 
number,  to  which  his  time  is  charged 
that  day. 

The  brass  check  is  returned  to  the 
laborer  at  the  time  he  presents  his  card- 
board check.  The  time  records  are  made 
up  from  these  cards.  The  system  en- 
tails a  great  deal  of  labor  but  at  the 
same  time  it  is  no  more  than  is  met  with 
in  almost  any  factory  employing  a  like 
number  of  men. 

In  order  to  divide  the  work  of  issuing 
these  checks  at  the  office  windows,  there 
are  three  aisles  leading  to  three  office 
windows;  one  for  the  surface  men,  one 
for    the    numbers    ranging    from    400    to 


X/u  t:iijinien>ig  ^  Mining  Joumat 

Slag  Funnel 

false  top  and  the  anvil  to  obviate  a 
tendency  to  bounce  up  and  down,  and 
also  to  eliminate  noise. 

A  piece  of  apparatus  to  use  in  con- 
junction with  the  above,  both  in  gather- 
ing the  slag  and  in  pouring  the  fluxed 
slags  and  cupels  into  crucibles  for  the 
correction  assays  is  a  flattened  tin  funnel 
with  one  side  cut  out,  as  shown  in  illus- 
tratir  1.  This  apparatus  is  designed  to 
convert  an  already-existing  anvil  into  the 
equivalent  of  the  slag  catcher,  described 
in  the  Journal  of  May  21,  1910. 


Sir  William  Crookes  suggests  that 
scandium  and  yttrium  are  decomposition 
products  of  ytterbium,  in  view  of  their 
atomic-weight  relationship  and  the  fre- 
quent  occurrence   together  in   nature. 


December  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1U)7 


Side  Dump  Mine  Car 
By  Claude  T.  Rice 

Where  ore  is  hauled  in  trains,  the  cars 
must  be  of  the  side-dump  type  to  be  eco- 
nomical. All  mining  companies  appre- 
ciate this  fact  with  electric  haulage,  but 
not  in  general  tramming  underground 
where  men  and  mules,  or  horses,  are 
used.  When  a  change  is  made  to  the 
side-dump  cars  from  the  man-propelled 
cars,  the  trammers  find  fault  with  them. 
But  after  their  prejudice  has  worn  off, 
they  would  not  return  without  great  pro- 
test to  the  old  end-dump  cars. 

Side-dump  cars  are  better  adapted 
to  dumping  into  raises  at  the  side 
of  the  tracks,  or  into  the  skip  pockets 
in  a  shaft  station  or  into  the  bins  at  the 
surface.  The  lifting  of  the  car  and  its 
load  a  sufficient  hight  to  raise  it  out  of 
;  the  "keeps"  and  the  swinging  of  the 
whole  load  around  so  as  to  dump  the  car 
over  the   side   is  wasted   energy. 

The  subterfuges  that  are  resorted  to  in 
jrder  to  avoid  this  side  swinging  of  end- 


ground  at  the  North  Star  mines.  Roller 
bearings  are  used  on  the  latest  cars.  The 
wheel  base  on  the  new  cars  is  only  16  in., 
on  account  of  the  sharp  turns  in  the 
drifts. 

The  car  has  a  capacity  of  20  cu.ft.  and 
holds,  as  loaded  at  the  North  Star  mine, 
about  1800  lb.  The  cars  weigh  750  lb., 
are  easily  made  and  cost  S40  each.  The 
frame  of  the  car  consists  of  two  cast- 
steel  end  supports  riveted  to  two  4-in. 
I-beams  by  two  rows  of  rivets  on  each 
side.  The  trunnion  is  also  made  of  cast 
steel  and  is  riveted  to  each  end  of  the 
car  body.  The  car  is  reinforced  by 
three  I-in.  angle  irons  on  each  side. 

No  catch  is  necessary  to  prevent  the 
car  from  upsetting  while  being  hauled  by 
a  mule  or  pushed  by  a  man,  but  were 
these  cars  to  be  made  up  into  trains  to 
be  hauled  by  electric  motors,  a  catch 
would  have  to  be  put  on  them  to  keep 
the  car  from  turning  over  because  of  the 
greater  speed  at  which  curves  are  taken. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  side-dump  cars 
will  be  used  much  more  in  mines,  because 
of  greater  safety  and  efficiency.  For  small 
cars,  the   trunnion  type   is  the  best,  and 


made  of  a  concrete  monolith,  friction 
wheels  ma^  either  be  keyed  on  the  shaft, 
or  held  by  flanged  bushings;  indeed, 
about  anything  may  be  done  with  con- 
crete that  is  done  with  metal. 


A  Convenient   Clamp  for  Holding 
Pilot  Tubes 

By   Walter  C.   Smith* 


During  the  last  year  I  have  had  to 
make  a  large  number  of  Pitot-tube  de- 
terminations of  the  velocity  of  gases  in 
steel  Hues,  preparatory  to  the  design  and 
installation  of  a  baghouse.  Consider- 
able trouble  was  experienced  in  finding 
a  means  of  holding  the  tube  stationary 
until  the  following  clamp  was  devised. 

The  Pitot  tubes  used  were  patterned 
.tfter  those  shown  in  the  Journal 
ot  Sept.  4,  1009,  with  the  follow- 
ing change:  The  static  tube  was 
made  with  a  K>x>:J-in.  reducing  elbow  in 
place  of  'jxjjx'^-in.  tee  and  plug.  This 
change  was  necessary  in  order  to  permit 
its  entrance  into  flue.  Cleaning  the  static 
tube  can  be  done  by  removing  the  slotted 
i-in.  pipe  as  readily  as  by  removing 
plug. 


"'[^pl- — Oa«t  Steel  Truck ^lif^ 


Side-dump  Car  Used  at  North  Star  Mine,  Grass  Valley,  Cal. 


imping  cars  are   almost  always  causes 

'  great  danger.     The  raises  that  are  put 

D  so  as  to   hole   under  a   track  on   the 

vel,  the  plank  left  out  between  the  rails 

hile  filling  a  stope ,  the   placing  of  the 

lenings   leading   to   the    ore   pockets   at 

e  shaft  in  the  center  of  the  station,  are 

I  man  traps,  which  are  tolerated  by  the 

sire    to    avoid    the    work    entailed    by 

■inging  around   the  end-dump   cars. 

Side-dump   cars    have    been    in   use   at 

;  North  Star  mines   for  several  years, 

-•  first  having  been  designed  by  Gerald 

erman,   who    also    introduced    them    at 

•  Copper  Queen  mines  at  Bisbee,  Ariz. 

hile  the  men  at  the  North  Star  mines 

rented  the  change  in  the  usual  manner 

len    first    the    cars    were    sent    under- 

I  )und,    they    soon    appreciated    the    ad- 

Mtages  that  made  the  work  of  tramming 

'  hter,    so    that    soon    all    were    fighting 

I'  see  who  would  "get  the  side-dumper 

t  t  shift." 

The  accompanying  drawings  show  the 
Bails  in  the  construction  of  the  side- 
■fnp  cars  which  are  now  in  use  under- 


it  seems  probable  that  the  trunnion  type 
is  the  best  design  for  side-dump  cars  of 
greater  capacity  where  the  cross-section 
of  the  car  is  important  on  account  of 
the  main  haulage  ways  being  in  heavy 
ground,  as  at  Bisbee  or  in  some  of  the 
mines  using  a  caving  system  of  mining. 


Cement  Bearings  for  Machinery 

The  use  of  concrete  for  machine  bear- 
ings and  for  disks  for  friction-power 
transmission,  discussed  by  George  Rice 
in  the  Cement  Age  for  November,  is  a 
procedure  which  may  sometimes  be  if 
areat  useto  the  mining  engineer  far  from  a 
base  of  supplies.  The  mixture  used  is 
about  the  same  as  that  for  ordinary  con- 
crete-block making.  In  casting,  the  forms 
for  the  bearing  surfaces  should  be  made 
as  smooth  as  possible,  and  a  final  polish- 
ing given  the  concrete,  by  me^ns  of  an 
emer^'  wheel. 

Sleeves  cast  in  concrete  can  be  mount- 
ed  in   iron   boxes,   step   bearings  may   be 


r/,6  Eiii/i.u-cWi.i,  .5  Mining  Jut^rnfit 

P:tot-tube   Holder 

The  clamp  was  made  from  a  piece  of 
Ifi-in.  round  iron  2  in.  long,  threaded 
with  a  P. i-in.  pipe  die  at  one  end.  The 
two  K'-in.  holes  for  the  tubes  were  then 
bored.  Near  the  opposite  end  from  the 
pipe  thread,  a  hole  5  16  diameter  was 
bored  half  through  the  clamp,  the  re- 
mainder bored  and  tapped  for  a  '[-in. 
bolt.  The  entire  clamp  was  sawed 
through  with  a  hack  saw.  The  holes 
for  the  tubes  were  carefully  filed  to  grip 
the  tubes  firmly  without  allowing  the  two 
halves  of  the  clamp  to  come  together 
when   the  tubes  were  in  place. 

The  proper  position  for  the  tubes  was 
marked  with  a  punch  and  a  distinguish- 
ing mark  placed  on  tubes.  The  tubes 
were  then  inserted  through  a  hole  in  the 
flue  tapped  for  P'-in.  pipe  and  the  two 
halves  of  the  clamp  loosely  bolted  on  the 
tubes,  the  screw  thread  entered  and 
turned  several  threads  and  the  tubes  ad- 
justed to  their  proper  places  as  shown 
by  punch  marks  and  the  clamp  bolted 
together  firmly.  This  arrangement  gave 
a  rigid,  reasonably  gas-tight  clamp  and 
plug. 

•Mctnlliii'glcal    onulnpor,    Grassplll,    Ind. 


1198 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


President's  Recommendations  as  to  Mineral  Lands 


In  his  last  annual  message  to  Congress 
the  President  said  the  following: 

For  the  reasons  stated  in  the  conserva- 
tion address,  I  recommended: 

First,  that  the  limitations  now  imposed 
upon  the  executive,  which  forbid  his  re- 
serving more  forest  lands  in  Oregon, 
Washington,  Idaho,  Montana,  Colorado 
and  Wyoming,  be  repealed. 

Second,  that  the  coal  deposits  of  the 
Government  be  leased  after  advertisement 
inviting  competitive  bids,  for  terms  not 
exceeding  fifty  years,  with  a  minimum 
rental  and  royalties  upon  the  coal  mined, 
to  be  readjusted  every  ten  or  twelve 
years,  and  with  conditions  as  to  main- 
tenance which  will  secure  proper  mining, 
and  as  to  assignment  which  will  prevent 
combinations  from  monopolizing  or  con- 
trolling the  coal  in  any  one  district  or 
market.  I  do  not  think  that  coal  meas- 
ures under  2500  acres  of  surface  would 
be  too  large  an  amount  to  lease  to  any 
one  lessee. 

Third,  that  the  law  should  provide  the 
same  separation  in  respect  to  Government 
phosphate  lands  of  surface  and  mineral 
rights  that  now  obtains  in  coal  lands 
and  that  power  to  lease  such  lands  upon 
terms  and  limitations  similar  to  those 
above  recommended  for  coal  leases,  with 
an  added  condition  enabling  the  Gov- 
ernment to   regulate,   and   if  need   be   to 


prohibit,  the  export  to  foreign  countries 
of  the  product. 

Fourth,  that  the  law  should  allow  a 
piospector  for  oil  or  gas  to  have  the  right 
to  prospect  for  two  years  over  a  certain 
tract  of  Government  land,  the  right  to 
be  evidenced  by  a  license,  for  which  he 
shall  pay  a  small  sum;  and  that  upon 
discovery,  a  lease  may  be  granted  upon 
terms  securing  a  minimum  rental  and 
proper  royalties  to  the  Government,  and 
also  the  conduct  of  the  oil  or  gas  well 
in  accord  with  the  best  methods  for 
husbanding  the  supply  of  oil  in  the  dis- 
trict. The  period  of  the  leases  should 
not  be  as  long  as  those  of  coal,  but  they 
should  contain  similar  provisions  as  to 
assignment  to  prevent  monopolistic  com- 
binations. 

Fifth,  that  water  power  sites  be  directly 
leased  by  the  Federal  Government,  after 
advertisement  and  bidding,  for  not  ex- 
ceeding 50  years  upon  a  proper  rental 
and  with  a  condition  fixing  rates  charged 
to  the  public  for  units  of  electric  power, 
both  rental  and  rates  to  be  readjusted 
equitably  every  10  years  by  arbitration 
or  otherwise,  with  suitable  provisions 
against  assignment  to  prevent  monopo- 
listic combinations.  Or,  that  the  law 
shall  provide  that  upon  application  made 
by  the  authorities  of  the  State  where  the 
waterpower    site    is    situated    it    may    be 


patented  to  the  State  on  condition  that 
the  State  shall  dispose  of  it  under  terms 
like  those  just  described,  and  shall  en- 
force those  terms,  or  upon  failure  to 
comply  with  the  condition  the  water- 
power  site  and  all  the  plant  and  improve- 
ment on  the  site  shall  be  forfeited  and 
revert  to  the  United  States,  the  President 
being  given  the  power  to  declare  the  for- 
feiture and  to  direct  legal  proceedings 
for  its  enforcement.  Either  of  these  meth- 
ods would,  I  think,  accomplish  the  proper 
public  purpose  in  respect  to  waterpower 
sites,  but  one  or  the  other  should  be 
promptly  adopted. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  thinks 
there  are  difficulties  in  the  way  of  leas- 
ing public  coal  lands,  which  objections 
he  has  set  forth  in  his  report,  the  force 
of  which  I  freely  concede.  I  entirely 
approved  his  stating  at  length  in  his  re- 
port the  objections  in  order  that  the 
whole  subject  may  be  presented  to  Con- 
gress, but  after  a  full  consideration 
favor  a  leasing  system  and  recommenc 
it. 

The  question  of  conservation  is  not 
partizan  one,  and  I  sincerely  hope  tha 
even  in  the  short  time  of  the  presen 
session  consideration  may  be  given  t( 
those  questions  which  have  now  beei 
much  disucssed,  and  that  action  may  bi 
taken  upon  them. 


Transvaal    Mining    Notes 

JOHANNESBURG  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  Premier  Diamond  company  of 
which  the  Union  government  of  South 
Africa  holds  a  60  per  cent,  interest  has 
just  reported  on  operations  for  the  six 
months  ended  Oct.  31,  1910.  Owing  to 
shortage  of  native  labor  the  quantity  of 
diamond-bearing  ground  treated  fell  far 
below  the  capacity  of  the  treatment 
plants,  4,680;598  loads  of  16  cu.ft.  were 
treated  for  1,049,909  carats  of  diamonds 
the  value  of  which  is  not  given  but  is 
probably  about  11  shillings  per  carat.  The 
grade  is  somewhat  improved  being  44 
carats  per  100  loads.  Rumors  of  com- 
bination between  the  DcBeers  company, 
the  Kimberley,  and  the  Premier  are  in  cir- 
culation but  as  the  diamond  market  is 
said  to  be  improving,  unless  the  Union 
government  force  the  hands  of  the  De 
Beers  Consolidated  Company  by  threats 
of  higher  taxation,  in  view  of  the  eco- 
nomic factors  of  the  situation  pointed  out 
in  a  recent  article  in  the  Journal,  any 
such  action  is  improbable. 


New  Single-handed  Driving  Record 
The  best  single-handed  mining  record 
for  rapid  driving,  working  one  shift  only, 
was  made  in  October  on  the  Primrose 
mine  where  E.  M.  Money  drove  257  ft. 
with  two  3;4-inch  Climax  drills.  The 
contract  price  was  10s.  per  foot  plus  I5s. 
per  shift  for  28'4  shifts  worked.  Ex- 
plosives cost  £43  14s.  3d.,  native  labor, 
£17  3s.  3d.  and  the  contractor  pocketed 
£88  6s.  3d.  for  his  month's  work. 

The  duty  per  stamp  in  the  new  Bantjes 
battery  was  12  tons  per  24  hours  last 
month  and  that  of  the  Roodepoort  United 
Main  reef  was  18  tons.  The  East  Rand 
P'-oprietary  Mines  are  putting  in  one  tube 
mill  to  10  stamps  and  are  crushing  with  a 
screen  having  ^i-'m.  square  openings. 
Two  hundred  and  twenty  stamps  and  22 
tube  mills  will  crush  165,000  tons  per 
month  and  about  25  tons  per  stamp  per 
day.  The  saving  of  power  by  concen- 
trating all  the  work  in  one  mill  instead  of 
in  three  as  at  present  is  estimated  at  50 


per  cent.  This  company  has  its  ow 
electric  generating  plant  and  will  at  th 
end  of  the  year  have  boiler  power  fc 
over  10,000  kw.  Generating  2000  i 
3000  kw.  at  present,  costs  without  allov 
ing  for  redemption  of  capital  only  0.4i 
per  kilowatt  hour.  A  6000-kw.  Parser 
turbine  with  generator  will  be  running  ; 
the  end  of  the  year.  It  will  be  seen  th: 
the  Victoria  Falls  and  Transvaal  Powi 
Company  has  a  good  margin  of  prol' 
with  its  large  output  in  selling  to  tl', 
other  mines  at  0.5d.  per  unit.  The  con 
pressor  plants  on  the  East  Rand  Pn 
prietary  mines  will  shortly  be  able  i 
furnish  1000  rock  drills  with  power. 

High  Assays  hrom  Rhodesia  Mines 

Some  of  the  Rhodesia  mines  are  shov 
ing  remarkable  results.  The  Giant  mi' 
is  working  on  a  mineralized  zone  in  schi 
and  banded  limestone,  and  crushed  f' 
September  8731  tons  for  £14,362.  Worl 
ing  costs  were  16.5s.  per  ton  milled.  Tl     >,, 


December  17.  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1199 


Lonely  Reef  Gold  Mining  Company  has 
recently  been  floated  with  £300.000  cap- 
ital. The  average  of  the  ore  crushed  to 
date  has  been  about  £4  per  ton  but  on  the 
fifth  level  assays  range  from  5  to  7  oz. 
gold  over  50  in.  in  the  south  drive  to  554 
oz.  over  99  in.  in  the  west  drive.  The 
shoot  of  ore  is  800  to  1000  ft.  in  length. 
The  Lonely  mine  is  still  in  oxidized 
ore. 


The  Globe  and  Phanix  mine  is  one  of 
the  oldest  in  the  country  and  still  retains 
its  pride  of  place.  As  far  as  I  know  it 
is  the  richest  gold  mine  in  the  world  as 
regards  average  tenor  of  rock  milled 
and  developed.  At  the  end  of  June, 
1910,  there  were  174,788  tons  devel- 
oped, averaging  3254  dwt.  The  assays 
in  the  lower  levels  (the  incline  has  now 
reached  a  length  of  2800  ft.  i  are  phenom- 


enal. As  the  15th  level  a  combined 
length  of  two  reefs  of  1025  feet  averaged 
5  oz.  S'/2  dwt.  over  41.6  in.  while  at  the 
15th  level,  725  ft.  has  been  driven  show- 
ing 6  oz.  1 1.9  dwt.  over  39.3  inches.  Rich 
ore  is  now  being  crushed  to  make  up  for 
a  stoppage  to  repair  the  shaft  and  the  re- 
covery in  September  was  3  oz.  from 
plates  alone.  The  gold  is  associated  with 
arsenical  pyrite  and  some  antimony. 


The  Anthracite  Trust   Decision 


The  United  States  Circuit  Court  at 
Philadelphia  on  Dec.  8,  rendered  a  de- 
cision in  the  suit  brought  by  the  Govern- 
ment against  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading, 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western, 
the  Lehigh  Valley,  the  Central  Railroad 
of  New  Jersey,  the  Erie,  the  Temple  Iron 
Companv  and  a  number  of  other  anthra- 
cite-mining and  carrying  companies.  The 
case  was  argued  last  February,  after  a 
great  mass  of  testimony  had  been  sub- 
mitted. 

The   Government   Complaint 

The  substance  of  the  complaint  in  the 
suit,  which  was  brought  under  the  anti- 
trust law, Was  that  the  defendants  named 
formed  and  entered  into  a  combination 
or  conspiracy  to  restrain  trade  and  com- 
merce in  anthracite  coal  among  the  sev- 
eral States  by  shutting  out  competition  in 
the  transportation  and  sale  of  that  com- 
modity and  regulating  the  price  thereof 
among  the  several  States,  and  that  they 
monopolized  and  attempted  to  monopolize 
and  combined  and  conspired  with  each 
other  to  monopolize,  a  part  of  such  trade 
and  commerce  in  violation  of  the  law. 
The  complaint  asked  that  the  defendants, 
their  agents  and  servants,  and  all  persons 
acting  or  assuming  to  act  under  their 
authority,  be  forever  enjoined  from  con- 
tinuing or  in  any  manner  acting  under 
or  in  pursuance  of  the  aforesaid  combina- 
tion or  conspiracy  in  restraint  of  trade 
and  commerce  among  the  several  States. 
and  from  continuing  to  monopolize  or  at- 
tempting to  monopolize  any  part  of  such 
trade  and  commerce. 

The  case  was  tried  before  three  judges. 
Gray,  Buffington  and  Lanning,  and  each 
filed  a  separate  opinion.  Two  judges 
:oncurred  in  the  main  points,  which  there- 
fore stand  as  the  opinion  of  the  court. 

The   Temple   Iron   Company 

The  contentions  of  the  law  officers  of 
he  Government  are  sustained  as  to  the 
Temple  Iron  Company.  This  company 
iperates  under  one  of  those  few  special 
■harters  which  were  granted  by  the  com- 
nonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  prior  to  the 
:doption  of  the  State  constitution.     Until 

^99  the  company  was  little  but  a  charter. 

ince  then  it  has  been  afi  active  operating 


coal  company.  Under  an  agreement  ex- 
ecuted Feb.  27,  1899,  the  Temple  Iron 
Company  bought,  as  of  Jan.  1,  that  year, 
from  Simpson  &  Watkins,  10  anthracite- 
coal  companies  near  Scranton,  issuing 
in  payment  therefor  S2, 260  000  out  of 
85,000,000  stock  and  $3,500,000  four  per 
cent,  mortgage  and  collateral  trust  bonds 
out  of  an  authorized  issue  of  S15,000.000. 
Other  agreements,  executed  the  same 
day  and  effective  from  the  same  date, 
transferred  through  the  Guaranty  Trust 
Company,  of  New  York,  ownership  of  the 
S2,500,000  Temple  Iron  Company  stock 
and  -"f  sjch  additional  part  of  the  S5,000,- 
000  total  stock  authorized,  as  might  be 
issued,  to  six  companies,  they  also  guar- 
anteeing the  Temple  Iron  Company  bonds 
in  like  percentage  as  they  received  the 
stock,  as  follows:  Reading,  29.96  per 
cent.:  Lehigh  Valley,  22.88;  Central  of 
New  Jersey,  17.12;  Delaware;  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western,  19.52;  Erie,  ,5.84;  New 
York,  Susquehanna  &  Western  Railroad 
Company,  4.68  per  cent. 

The  practical  effect  of  the  purchase 
of  coal  lands  was  to  put  an  end  to  the 
plans  for  the  building  of  an  independent 
railroad  line  from  the  anthracite  region 
to  tidewater.  These  plans  were  then 
well  advanced,  but  they  were  chiefly 
financed  by  the  Simpson-Watkins  in- 
terest, and  the  railroad,  if  built,  would 
have  depended  chiefly  on  the  tonnage 
furnished  by  those  interests.  The  sale  of 
the  lands  in  question,  therefore,  deprived 
the  projected  line  of  its  substantial  sup- 
port, and  it  came  to  nothing. 

The  Temple  Iron  Company  Restrained 

The  restraining  order  asked  for  as  re- 
lating to  the  Temple  Iron  Company,  and 
which  the  majority  of  the  court  finds 
should  be  granted,  was  to  enjoin  the 
Reading  Company,  Lehigh  Valley,  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  Western,  Erie  Rail- 
road Company,  and  New  York,  Susque- 
hanna &  Western  Railroad  Company,  for- 
ever from  voting  the  stock  of  the  Temple 
Iron  Coinpany,  which  they  now  severally 
hold,  or  any  which  they  may  acquire,  and 
from  voting  at  any  meeting  of  the  stocK. 
holders  of  the  Temple  Iron  Company  and 
from    exercising    any    control,    direction. 


supervision  or  influence  whatsoever  over 
the  acts  and  doings  of  the  Temple  Iron 
Company,  by  virtue  of  their  holdings  of 
stock  therein;  and  that  the  Temple  Iron 
Company,  its  officers,  directors,  servants 
and  agents  be  forever  enjoined  from  per- 
mitting the  defendant  companies,  their 
agents  or  attorneys  from  voting  at  any 
corporate  election  for  directors  or  officers 
of  the  Temple  Iron  Company  or  at  any 
other  meeting  of  the  stockholders  in  their 
corporate  capacity,  and  that  the  company 
and  its  officers  be  forever  enjoined  from 
paying  any  dividends  to  the  defendant 
comoanies  named,  and  from  permitting 
or  suffering  the  defendants  to  exercise 
any  control  whatsoever  over  the  corporate 
acts  of  the  Temple  Iron  Company,  with 
such  further  relief  as  the  court  might 
deem  proper. 

A  majority  of  the  court  held  that  the 
charge  of  an  illegal  combination  in  re- 
spect of  the  matters  relating  to  the 
Temple  Iron  Company  should  be  sus- 
tained, and  that  the  injunction  or  re- 
straining order  specifically  prayed  for  in 
the  petition  should  be  granted,  so  far 
as  it  will  serve  to  prevent  and  restrain 
a  continuing  violation  of  the  act.  Counsel 
will  be  heard  as  to  the  form  of  a  decree. 

Other  Charges 

The  other  acts  alleged  to  be  in  con- 
travention of  the  law  included  the  pur- 
chase of  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey  by  the  Read- 
ing Company;  the  purchase  of  the  stocks 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company  and 
the  New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western 
by  the  Erie;  the  purchase  of  the  stock 
of  Coxe  Brothers  &  Co.  by  the  Lehigh 
Valley;  and  some  minor  transfers  of 
stock.  As  to  these,  the  court  unaminously 
agrees  that  the  petition  should  be  dis- 
missed: 

( 1 )  As  to  the  charges  concerning  the 
acquisition  by  the  Erie  Company  of  the 
capital  stock  of  the  New  York,  Susque- 
hanna &  Western   Railroad   Company; 

(2)  As  to  the  charge  concerning  the 
acquisition  by  the  Reading  Company  of 
the  majority  of  the  capital  stock  of  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey;  and, 

(3)  As  to  the  general  charge  of  a 
combination  or  conspiracy  in  violation  of 


1200 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


the  anti-trust  act,  in  the  development  of 
which  it  is  charged  the  other  combina- 
tions set  forth  in  the  petition  were  used 
as  steps. 

The   Independent   Operators' 
Contracts 

A  further  violation  of  the  law  charged 
was  found  in  the  contracts  made  by  all 
the  carrying  companies  with  the  so-called 
independent  operators.  Under  these  con- 
tracts, which  are  practically  the  same 
with  all  the  companies,  these  operators 
turn  over  the  coal  which  they  mine  to 
the  carrying  companies,  receiving  in  pay- 
ment 65  per  cent,  of  the  selling  price  at 
tidewater.  The  court  holds  that  these 
contracts  are  legal,  and  cannot  be  en- 
joined.    Judge  Gray's  opinion  says: 

"There  is  no  evidence  that  the  coal 
bought  by  the  companies  under  these  65 
per  cent,  contracts  was  not  sold  by  them 
in  competition  with  each  other." 

Substance  of  the  Decision 

The  substance  of  the  decision,  there- 
fore, is  that,  while  the  Temple  Iron  Com- 
pany was  used  as  an  agency  in  certain 
transactions  which  were  contrary  to  the 
law,  and  it  is  enjoined  from  further 
activities;  in  other  respects  there  has 
been  no  anthracite  trust  which  con- 
travenes the  law.  The  present  conditions 
and  management  of  the  anthracite  trade 
do  not  constitute  a  trust  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act. 

It  is  understood  that  the  Government 
will  take  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court. 


Henry  F.  De  Bardeleben 


Henry  F.  DeBardeleben  died  at  Bir- 
mingham, .^la.,  Dec.  6,  aged  69  years. 
He  was  born  in  Autauga  county,  Ala. 
As  a  young  man  he  served  in  the  Con- 
federate army.  In  1871  he  undertook 
the  development  of  the  Red  Mountain 
iron-ore  deposits  on  property  owned 
jointly  with  his  father-in-law,  Daniel 
Pratt,  and  from  that  time  on  was  closely 
associated  with  the  men  who  made  the 
Birmingham  iron  district.  In  connection 
with  Milton  H.  Smith  and  Colonel  Sloss. 
he  built  Oxmoor  furnace,  which  turned 
out  its  tirst  iron  in  1876.  He  was  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  furnace  for  several 
years,  and  was  concerned  in  other  enter- 
prises. With  T.  H.  Aldrich  he  opened 
up  the  place  which  is  now  Pratt  City  and 
mined  the  first  coal  there.  His  holdings 
as  the  Pratt  Coal  and  Coke  Company  he 
soon  disposed  of  to  Col.  Enoch  Ensley, 
for  $1,000,000.  From  that  sale,  which 
was  the  largest  made  in  the  district  up 
to  that  time,  Ensley  was  founded  and 
Colonel  Ensley  with  Colonel  DeBar- 
deleben afterward  worked  together  in 
the  upbuilding  of  the  district.  Shortly 
after  the  sale  of  his  mines,  his  health 
failed   and   he   went   to   Mexico,    where, 


near  Laredo,  he  opened  up  a  sheep 
ranch.  He  met  W.  T.  Underwood  at  San 
Antonio,  Texas,  and,  after  the  danger  of 
tuberculosis  had  passed,  he  returned  to 
Birmingham  in  1882,  accompanied  by  Mr. 
Underwood.  Under  the  firm  name  of 
DeBardeleben  &  Underwood,  the  two 
again  started  out  in  ihe  industrial  field 
and  from  that  time  until  his  death  Col- 
onel DeBardeleben  was  connected  with 
many  enterprises.  He  started  the  Mary 
Pratt  furnace,  now  abandoned,  and  es- 
tablished the  city  of  Bessemer,  erected  a 
rolling  mill  at  that  place  and  other 
plants.  At  that  time  all  his  holdings 
were  consolidated  with  the  Tennessee 
Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company,  for 
which,  it  is  said,  he  received  S10,000,000 
worth  of  stocks.  He  became  vice-presi- 
dent, but  soon  left  the  company  and 
started  independently  again.  From  time 
to  time  he  undertook  large  things  and 
came  out  successful.  He  entered  many 
new  enterprises  up  until  a  few  years 
prior  to  his  death,  when  he  started  the 
Alabama  Fuel  and  Iron  Company,  which 
was  his  last  industrial  undertaking.  He 
remained  until  his  death  in  the  manage- 
ment of  this  company,  which  is  opening 
coal  mines  at  Acton,  in  a  new  section  of 
the  field.  Colonel  DeBardeleben  was  a 
remarkable  man  and  he  was  the  com- 
manding figure  in  the  many  stirring  in- 
cidents connected  with  the  industrial 
growth  of  the  Birmingham  district.  He 
was  a  man  of  quiet  disposition  and 
simple  habits.  Personally  he  was  ad- 
mired by  nearly  all  with  whom  he  came 
in  contact,  but  he  never  at  any  time 
sought  out  notoriety.  His  individuality, 
his  energy  and  perseverance,  and  his 
power  of  interesting  others  in  his  enter- 
prises were  prominent  features  of  his 
character. 


Tlie  German  Zinc  Convention 


Large   Purchase  of    Louisiana 
Property 


Oil 


According  to  press  despatches,  a  check 
for  S4,000,000  was  deposited  in  a  Pitts- 
burg national  bank  recently.  It  was  drawn 
on  the  National  City  Bank  of  New  York, 
and  was  made  out  to  the  order  of  the  J.  C. 
Trees  Oil  Company,  of  Pittsburg,  and 
was  signed  by  an  official  connected  with 
the  Standard  Oil  Company.  This  was  the 
cash  settlement  in  the  deal  recently  com- 
pleted, whereby  the  J.  C.  Trees  Oil  Com- 
pany sold  to  one  of  the  Standard, Oil  sub- 
sidiaries its  holdings  in  the  Louisiana  oil 
field,  where  weHs  of  unusual  size  and 
staying  qualities  were  secured.  The  en- 
tire consideration  is  said  to  have  been 
$7,000,000.  The  profits  of  the  J.  C.  Trees 
Oil  Company  are  said  to  have  been  but 
SI, 000,000  less  than  the  price  paid  by  the 
Standard,  and  represent  about  two  years' 
operations.  J.  C.  Trees  and  his  partner, 
M.  F.  Benedum,  divide  the  bulk  of  the 
proceeds  of  this  sale. 


By  the  terms  of  the  new  agreement 
among  the  German  zinc  smelters,  those 
who  have  no  mines  of  their  own,  but 
simply  buy  ores,  will  have  a  somewhat 
higher  percentage  in  the  allotment  of 
production  than  formerly,  they  having 
complained  at  being  put  at  a  disadvan- 
tage. After  Jan.  1  the  output  of  the 
smelteries  will  be  regulated  upon  the  basis 
of  their  capacity.  Unsold  stocks  will  be 
computed  every  four  months  (not  three 
months  as  previously  stated).  In  con- 
sidering the  advisability  of  curtailing  pro- 
duction both  the  amount  of  stocks  and 
the  market  price  will  be  taken  into  ac- 
count. If  stocks  exceed  50,000  tons  and 
the  price  for  the  metal  has  fallen  to  a 
certain  minimum  point  each  member  of 
the  association  must  make  a  proportion- 
ate curtailment.  Giesche's  Erben  again 
declined  to  join  the  association,  but  will 
continue   to   work   in   harmony   with  it. 


Exemption    from  Assessment  Work 

Owing  to  Damage  by   Forest 

Fires 


Washington  Correspondence 


Senator  Heyburn  has  introduced  a  bill 
(S.  9027)  to  exempt  owners  of  unpat- 
ented mining  claims  for  the  year  1910 
from  performing  annual  labor  thereon, 
provided  they  have  been  rendered  finan- 
cially unable  to  do  such  work  by  reason 
of  forest  fires.     The  bill  provides  that: 

"Upon  the  making  and  filing  in  the  office 
of  a  recorder  of  such  notice  claiming  the 
benefit  of  this  act,  such  owner  or  owners 
of  such  mining  claims  shall  be  exempt 
from  the  performance  of  annual  labor 
upon  such  mining  claims  for  the  year 
1910,  subject,  however,  to  the  establish- 
ment of  the  truth  of  the  facts  alleged  in 
such  notice  when  such  statement  of  facts 
is  controverted  by  a  locator  claiming  ad- 
versely to  such  owner  which  may  be  in- 
quired into  and  determined  by  any  court 
having  jurisdiction  to  determine  contro- 
versies respecting  titles  to  lands." 


According  to  press  despatches,  John 
Hays  Hammond  arrived  at  St.  Petersburg, 
Dec.  12.  in  the  interest  of  a  financial 
group  to  investigate  the  possibilities  for 
the  investment  of  American  capital  in 
Russia.  The  proposals  include  the  con- 
struction of  grain  elevators,  development 
of  irrigation,  lighting,  street-car  service, 
and  the  building  of  sewers.  Gregory  M. 
Wilenkin.  the  Russian  financial  agent  at 
Washington,  is  cooperating  with  Mr. 
Hammond.  The  Novoe  Vrcmya  is  in- 
clined to  think  that  the  government  will 
encourage  the  American  enterprise.  Mr. 
Hammond  is  expected  to  return  to  New 
York  in  January. 


December  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1201 


Henry  M.  McChesney 


By  H.  J.  Cant\xell 


It  is  a  little  more  than  20  years  since 
the  development  of  the  now  famous  Flat 
River,  Mo.,  lead  district  first  began,  and  in 
the  course  of  nature  the  men  who  contri- 
buted to  this  important  industrial  develop- 
ment are  beginning  to  pass  away.  It  is  not 
the  natural  resources  of  the  country  alone 
which  make  it  great,  nor  is  it  capital 
alone  which  develops  natural  resources. 
There  must  be  added  distinctive  person- 
alities— individuals  of  intelligence,  char- 
acter and  the  force  and  energy  which  util- 
izes resources  and  opportunities. 

It  may  safely  be  said  that  had   it  not 

been    for    the    advent    into    Missouri    of 

Charles  B.  Parsons,  backed  by  the  splen- 

_did    energies    and    broad    intelligence    of 

■J.  Wyman  Jones,  of   New   York,   the   St. 

Joseph   Lead  Company   would   not  be   in 

jxistence  today.     To  these  two  men  pri- 

iiarily    the   early    development    of   deep 

ead  mining  in  St.  Francois  county  is  due. 

n  the  later  development  of  the   field  of 

i'hat  is  now  known  as  the  Flat  River  dis- 

rict,  there  have  been  added  to  the  energies 

f   Parsons    and   Jones    the    activities    of 

ther  men:    Gustav  Setz,  the  late  Judge 

aylor,  Firmin   Desloge,  Arthur  Thacher, 

'.    P.    Graves,    O.    M.    Bilharz,    the    late 

ucian  A.  Cole,  of  New  York,  and  Henry 

1.  McChesney,    who    passed    over    the 

reat  Divide  on  Nov.  30,  last. 

Up  to  the   time  of  the    investment  by 

le  St.  Louis  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 

my  in  the  Flat  River  district,  this  field 

as  comparatively  unknown.     It  had  not 

:come    famous.      It   was   regarded   as   a 

strict   of   outlying    smaller   deposits   of 

inor   importance     to     those     of    Bonne 

.'rre.  Desloge  was  at  work  at  his  mine; 

lylor  had  opened  his  property,  but  had 

ut   it  down    because    he    was   not   able 

work   it  profitably;   the   Central   Lead 

impany   had   a   limited   production,   and 

5   Doe   Run    and    the   St.   Joseph    Lead 

mpanies  had  made  some  developments, 

t  the  district  had  not  acquired  anything 

e  the  reputation  or  development  which 

deserved. 

The    National    Lead    Company  was  a 

•at  consumer  of  pig  lead.     In  1895  Mr. 

Chesney,     then     with     that     company, 

'  ited   the   Central    mine   with   me   on   a 

iir  of  inspection  of  the  district   for  his 

uipany.     He  considered  at  that  time  the 

[•chase  for  his  company  of  the  Central 

'  le.  which   was  then  only  partially  de- 

^  oped,  and  was  so  impressed  with  the 

^  ue  and   future  of  the  district  that  he 

rnmmcnded    to   his   company    the    pur- 

c  se  of  that  tnine. 

'is     hoard      of     directors     was     not 

Jv    at    that    time    to    engage    in    the 

Pduction  of  pig  lead,  but  Mr.  McChes- 

0    continued   to   impress   on   the   minds 

0  his  directors   the    importance   of  the 


district,  and  in  1897  he  recommended  to 
his  company  the  purchase  of  what  was 
then  known  as  the  Taylor  mine.  The 
price  paid  for  this  mine  was  $392,500. 
Considering  that  the  extent  of  the  depos- 
it was  unknown  and  the  property  had  not 
theretofore  been  profitable,  the  fact  that 
the  greatest  producers  of  white  lead  in  the 
country  should  go  in  and  pay  this  large 
sum  for  a  prospect  of  1200  acres,  with 
nothing  but  a  crude  Joplin  mill  among  the 
improvements,  startled  the  lead  world 
and  caused  people  of  St.  Francois  county 
and  St.  Louis  to  be  amazed  at  the  seem- 
ing audacity  of  the  venture.  The  result 
of  this  purchase,  however,  was  to  inspire 
universal  confidence  in  the  permanency 
of  the  district  and  to  awaken  the  activities 
of  everyone  else  in  the  lead  world;  and 
it  is  certainly  true  that  this  act,  more  than 
anything  else,  supplemented  as  it  finally 
v/as  by  the  splendid  improvements  and 
equipment  installed  by  the  purchaser, 
brought  the  Flat  River  district  into  de- 
served prominence  and  later  caused  other 
developments,  eventually  making  this  the 
greatest  lead  district  in  the  world. 

Mr.  McChesney  was  given  by  his  com- 
pany almost  absolute  charge  of  the  de- 
velopment of  this  enterprise;  and  he  was 
peculiarly  fitted  for  the  task.  Born  47 
years  ago,  at  Warm  Springs,  Va.,  he  was 
graduated  from  Washington  and  Lee  Uni- 
versity before  arriving  at  manhood. 
While  still  under  maturity  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  at 
Parkershurg.  W.  Va.  His  uncle.  Col.  W. 
P.  Thompson,  one  of  the  remarkable 
characters  of  that  period,  was  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  as 
was  also  Lucian  A.  Cole.  Associated 
with  them  in  early  youth,  Mr.  McChesney 
became  earlv  impressed  with  the  import- 
ance of  system  and  economy  in  the  man- 
agement of  great  enterprises  and  received 
a  perfect  business  training  in  this  asso- 
ciation. 

When  Colonel  Thompson  put  all 
nf  the  great  white-lead  plants  of  the 
country  together,  in  the  corporation 
known  as  the  National  Lead  Company, 
Mr.  Cole  and  Mr.  McChesney  went  to 
New  York,  Mr.  Cole  being  made  presi- 
dent of  the  National  Lead  Company,  and 
Mr.  McChesney  being  one  of  his  most 
trusted  lieutenants.  When  the  St.  Louis 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company  was  tak- 
en over  by  the  National  Lead  Company. 
Mr.  McChesney  was  sent  to  Socorro,  N. 
M.,  in  charge  of  the  smelting  works  t^ere, 
and  from  1893  to  1897  he  successfully 
managed  that  plant,  thoroughly  masterimj 
al'  of  the  details  of  the  purchasing  and 
smelting  of  lead,  silver  and  gold  ores. 

From  Socorro,  in  1897  he  came  to  the 
Flat  River  district,  and  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  mining  property  here  Mr. 
McChesney  brought,  not  only  the  exper- 
'ence  of  the  West,  the  business  methods 
of  the  settled  East,  but  also  a  mind  adapt- 
able to  conditions,  a  self-reliant  dispo- 
sition, and  a  courage  which  never  faltered 


under  any  difRculties.  The  mine  of  the 
St.  Louis  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany has  not  been  as  high  grade  as  some 
of  the  other  mines  in  the  district,  but 
there  is  no  mine  in  the  district  where, 
considering  the  character  of  the  ore, 
greater  results  have  been  obtained.  While 
Mr.  McChesney  had  able  lieutenants  at 
different  periods,  yet  the  entire  responsi- 
bility of  the  development  was  upon  his 
shoulders  and  every  detail  had  been 
thoroughly  mastered  by  him.  The  exten- 
sive smelting  and  refining  plant  at  Col- 
linsville,  III.,  was  also  built  under  Mr. 
McChesney's  direction. 

I  have  seen  Mr.  McChesney  in  several 
crises;  in  labor  difficulties,  when  the 
strongest  men  are  likely  to  falter,  but  I 
never  knew  him  to  express  the  slightest 
doubt  about  the  successful  outcome  of 
any  problem  on  which  his  mind  was  en- 
gaged. He  was  careful,  cool,  courageous, 
sagacious.  He  never  talked  about  doing 
things — he  simply  did  them.  He  was 
essentially  a  modest  and  unassuming 
man,  with  that  calm  confidence  in  his 
own  powers  which  made  it  unnecessary 
for  him  to  ever  boast. 

Harry  McChesney  was  a  practical 
idealist — a  sane  optimist.  He  was  a  good 
fighter  and  a  good  hater.  Strong  in  his 
dislikes,  he  was  just  as  intense  in  his 
likes.  He  was  an  absolutely  just  and  fair 
man.  He  had  that  rare  quality  of  mind 
which,  while  capable  of  accurate  analy- 
sis to  the  final  detail,  is  always  con- 
scious of  the  main  proposition  and  of 
the  end  to  be  attained.  Instead  of  con- 
stantly supervising  his  subordinates  he 
held  them  responsible  for  results  and 
always  found  the  reason  if  results  were 
not  obtained.  There  was  no  mine  and 
smelter  manager  in  the  United  States  who 
excelled  Harry  McChesney  in  business 
efficiency. 

Mr.  McChesney  was  married  16  years 
ago  to  Blanche  Little,  of  Parkersburg, 
W.  Va.,  who  survives  him.  He  had 
been  in  poor  health  for  a  couple  of  years 
and  Mrs.  McChesney  had  been  his  con- 
stant companion.  To  her  devoted  atten- 
tion was  due  his  temporary  restoration 
to  health  two  months  ago,  when  he  re- 
sumed his  duties  with  all  of  his  former 
energy  and  activity.  He  caught  a  severe 
cold  while  on  a  trip  to  New  York  a  week 
before  his  death,  which  developed  into  a 
bronchial  affection,  and  this,  added  to  his 
heart  trouble,  caused  his  sudden  death  at 
his  home  on  Wednesday  morning,  Nov. 
30.  Although  his  ill  health  had  been 
known  for  months,  his  death  came  as  a 
great  shock  to  his  associates  and  friends. 

The  district  has  lost  an  able  and  just 
administrator,  his  company  a  most  valu- 
able member,  and  the  world  has  lost  a 
valuable  man.  The  form  is  shattered, 
and  the  clay  of  which  it  was  composed 
returns  to  its  original  element;  but  the 
soul — the  intelligence — which  the  bodily 
form  but  served,  has  returned  to  the 
Divine  Maker. 


1202 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,   1910. 


Kolchan   Placer  of  the   Orsk   Goldfields,    Ltd. 

An  Eastern  Siberia  Dredging  Field  with  Good  Transport  and  Favorable 
Operating  Conditions;    Gold  Not  Flaky;   a   7.5-cu.  ft.   Dredge  Ordered 

REPORTS  BY  PURINGTON  AND  HUTCHINS 


The  Orsk  Goldfields,  Limited,  has  is- 
sued a  report  for  the  year  ended  Jan. 
13,  1910  (i.e.,  Dec.  31,  Russian  style! 
containing  a  statement  of  the  directors 
as  to  accounts  and  general  conditions, 
supplemented  by  technical  reports  by 
Engineers  C.  W.  Purington  and  J.  P. 
Hutchins.  The  property  of  the  company 
is  situated  in  eastern  Siberia,  one  day's 
journey  northwest  of  Nikolaievsk,  the 
principal  supply  point  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Amur  river,  and  is  known  as  the 
Ochotsh  or,  more  recently,  as  the  Kol- 
chan placer.  The  property  belongs  to  the 
Ochotsh  Gold  Mining  Company,  subject 
to  a  mortgage  held  by  the  Russo-Chinese 
Bank,  but  has  been  leased  by  the  Orsk 
company  for  a  period  of  24  years,  on  a 
basis  of  less  than  8  per  cent,  of  the  gross 
output,  this  including  the  1  per  cent, 
coinage  tax  imposed  by  the   government. 

Capitalization    Increased 

During  1909  the  capitalization  of  the 
Orsk  company  was  increased  from  £600,- 
000  to  £750,000,  by  the  creation  of  876.- 
000  preference  shares  of  5s.  each.  This 
was  done  by  converting  69,000  of  unis-  , 
sued  ordinary  shares  into  276,000  of  the 
5-s.  shares  and  creating  a  further  600,- 
000  of  the  latter.  The  reorganized  capi- 
talization is  now  531,000  ordinary  shares 
of  £1  each,  and  876,000  preference  shares 
of  5s.  each.  Of  these,  530,007  ordinary 
shares  and  318.000  preference  shares 
have  been  issued.  Total  expenditures  to 
Jan.  13,  1910,  were  £553,974. 

Mining  Operations  in    1909 

Work  on  the  property  during  1909  was 
confined  to  sluicing  the  richer  portions  of 
the  gravel.  Mr.  Purington,  assisted  for  a 
portion  of  the  season  by  Mr.  Hutchins, 
succeeded  in  extracting  £13,597  of  gold 
at  a  cost  of  £13,491,  leaving  a  profit 
of  £106.  This  work  was  done  with 
the  aid  of  a  Page-Crawford  scraper  ex- 
cavator, which  was  in  operation  only 
about  60  days.  During  the  year  a  7' j-ft. 
close-connected  bucket  dredge  and  elec- 
trical power  plant  for  operating  the  same 
were  ordered  from  the  New  York  Engin- 
eering Company.  This  dredge  was  de- 
livered in  July,  1910,  and  it  was  hoped 
that  it  would  be  ready  for  operation  by 
Aug.  1,  1911,  in  which  case,  Mr.  Puring- 
ton estimated  the  dredge  should  run  for 
about  120  days  during  1911,  and  produce 
a  net  profit  of  about  £43,000  during  this 
period. 

However,  since  the  issuing  of  this  re- 
port, part  of  the  machinery  for  the  dredge 


has  been  lost  by  shipwreck  and  the  com- 
mencement of  operations  on  a  large  scale 
has  been  postponed  until  the  summer  of 
1912.  In  view  of  this  unfortunate  acci- 
dent the  company  has  decided  to  work  the 
Pokrovsky  claim  with  a  stacker-scov*', 
which  will  be  made  by  installing  the 
Page-Crawford  excavator  aboard  a  float- 
ing barge  equipped  with  a  tailings  stack- 
er. 

The  Pokrovsky  Claim 

The  importance  of  the  Pokrovsky 
claim  was  discovered  in  1909,  by  Mr. 
Purington,  who  says  of  it,;  "A  conser- 
vative estimate  of  the  Pokrovsky  ground 
is  400,000  cu.yd.,  having  a  recoverable 
gross  value  of  3  rubles  per  cu.yd.,  and 
a  net  value  of  2  rubles.  The  values  are 
recoverable  by  paddock  dredging,  and  on 
this  basis  a  sum  of  nearly  one  million 
rubles  is  added  to  the  positive  net  re- 
serves of  my  1P07  report.  In  addition 
to  this,  a  surrounding  area  containing 
1,000,000  cu.yd.  will  probably  prove  pay- 
able for  dredging  after  more  detailed 
sampling.  It  should  be  distinctly  under- 
stood that  the  Pokrovsky  area,  lying  ad- 
jacent to  the  Esfirovsky  claim,  is  a  sep- 
arate mine  included  in  your  property,  but 
situated  several  miles  to  the  south  of  the 
dredging  areas  referred  to  in  my  first  re- 
port." 

Of  the  same  ground  Mr.  Hutchins  says, 
"From  what  little  I  saw  of  Pokrovsky 
creek  during  the  last  summer,  I  believe 
thet  future  prospecting  will  demonstrate 
that  this  is  the  richest  ground  on  the 
Kolchan  property,  and  that  operations 
will  show  large  profit." 

Reports  of  C.  W.  Purington 

Mr.  Purington  first  visited  the  Kolchan 
placer  in  1907,  when  during  a  10-weeks' 
stay  on  the  property  he  sampled  a  por- 
tion of  it  in  detail.  After  the  result  of 
this  sampling,  Mr.  Purington  says:  "I 
established  the  presence,  in  the  small 
portion  of  the  property  which  I  was  able 
to  examine  thoroughly,  of  about  £285,- 
000,  recoverable  in  12  years.  Since  1907, 
as  a  result  of  two  subsequent  visits  to  the 
property,  in  1908  and  1909,  I  estimate 
this  amount  is  recoverable  in  7  years, 
necessitating  the  comparatively  small 
preliminary  outlay  of  £50,000  for  the  con- 
struction of  one  dredge. 

"The  contents  of  the  200  acres  were  es- 
tablished according  to  the  approved  meth- 
ods of  sampling  alluvial  deposits.  Ten 
times  this  area  of  alluvial  gravel,  con- 
taining at  least  50,000,000  cu.yd.,  remain 
to  be  sampled.     As  samples  of  several 


pits  and  surface  pannings  from  all  parts 
of  the  area  show  unusual  content,  it  is 
fair  to  assume  that  a  far  larger  net 
leserve  of  gold  exists  than  the  positive 
sampling  shows.  For  example,  if  a  gross 
recoverable  tenor  of  40  kopecks,  or  lOd. 
per  cu.yd.,  can  be  established  for  the 
50,000,000  yd.  referred  to,  £2,000,000  can 
be  won  from  these  gravels  at  a  cost  of 
one-third. 

Favorable   Physical  Conditions 

"As  a  result  of  my  sampling  of  the 
property  in  1907,  I  discovered  that  I  had 
come  upon  a  combination  of  physical 
conditions  rarely  found. 

(  1 )  Owing  to  processes  of  erosion  a 
peak  of  gold-bearing  volcanic  rock,  pos- 
sibly itself  an  extinct  volcano,  had  been 
nearly  worn  away. 

(2)  Debris  in  the  shape  of  rhyolite 
fragments  had  been  distributed  to  the 
north,  toward  the  ocean  shore,  over  an 
area  of   15  to  20  square  miles. 

(31  That  wherever  the  previous  con- 
figuration of  the  country  had  allowed  this 
debris  to  accumulate,  it  was  invariably 
accompanied  by  residual  gold  in  a  fine 
and   rounded   condition. 

Character  of  Gold 

(4)  That  owing  to  the  peculiar  nature 
of  the  original  gold  deposits,  the  parti- 
cles were  never  fiat,  and  were  never 
large,  but  that  gold  for  the  most  pan 
occurred  in  the  form  of  a  clean  powder, 
of  which  every  piece — however  small  in 
size — had  three  dimensions;  this,  by  the 
way,  is  unusual  in  gold-dredging  areas, 
as  in  California,  and  other  similar  areas 
the  gold  is  of  so  flaky  a  character  that 
some  of  it  floats  on  water;  moreover  I 
determined  that  the  gold  in  the  Kolchan 
river  easily  amalgamates  and  there  is 
rarely  a  particle  of  it  which  is  not  at- 
tacked by  quicksilver.  Coarse  nuggets 
never  occur,  and  pieces  of  pure  gold 
weighing  one-tenth  of  an  ounce  are  sel- 
dom, if  ever,  found. 

(5)  As  a  further  result  of  the  wide 
distribution  of  the  rhyolite  gravel  the  ma- 
terial is  extremely  small,  and  wel 
rounded;  in  fact,  at  a  distance  of  foui 
miles  or  more  away  from  the  source  it  re 
sembles  small  eggs  or  beach  pebbles.  Al 
though  the  excessive  amount  of  alumiti; 
liberated  by  the  decomposition  of  thi 
rhyolite  causes  some  clay  layers  to  fern 
on  the  slopes  of  the  mountain  itself,  thi 
also,  at  a  distance  of  three  miles  from  thi 
mountain,  almost  entirely  disappears,  ani 
the  gravel  becomes  as  free  and  loose  a 
on  the  sea  beach  itself.     This  remarkabl 


December  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1203 


character  continues  over  the  level  gravel 
flats  for  a  length  of  10  and  a  width  of 
from  one-half  to  three  miles. 

(6)  The  depth  of  this  gravel  sheet, 
lying  between  the  White  mountain  and 
ihe  sea,  is  also  extremely  regular.  As 
far  as  the  lowest  line  of  pits  previously 

eferred  to.  about  7  miles  to  the  north  of 
he  White  mountain,  the  depth  does  not 
xceed  18  ft.  So  far  it  has  been  impos- 
ible  to  sink  pits  further  north  than  this 
or  lack  of  time  and  money  assigned  to 
'respecting  alone,  but  I  am  confident  that 
rilling  will  substantiate  the  fact  that 
one  of  the  ground  exceeds  25  ft.  in 
epth  to  bedrock,  even  as  far  as  the  sea 
each  itself. 

[0  DiFFicuTiES  Anticipated  from  Cold 

(7)  Although  at  a  latitude  of  53  deg. 
)  min.  north,  and  in  a  region  where  ex- 
eme  winter  cold  occurs,  yet  the  gravel 

■  not  frozen  to  an  extent  which  will 
luse  difficulties.  No  permanent  frost  has 
•en  noted  at  a  distance  greater  than  one- 
I'lf  mile  to  the  south  of  the  actual 
ach,  but  annual  frost  penetrates  the 
ound  to  the  depth  of  the  turf  or  peat 
erburden;  this  frost  is  said  not  to  pene- 
ite  the  underlying  gravel,  and  my  own 
perience  in  hand  shoveling  bears  out 
s  assertion.  This  annual  frost  does  not 
ive  the  ground  sometimes  until  the  mid- 

■  of  July,  and  is  occasionally  a  detri- 
nt  to  hand  operations.  Recent  dredg- 
;  experience  in  the  Klondike  and  near 

I  pe  Nome,  however,  shows  that  such  a 
(  nparatively  small  amount  of  frost  will 
1  ;e  practically  no  effect  in  delaying  the 
(  Nations  of  the  powerful  dredges  which 
i  s  proposed  to  install. 

To  sum  up  the  foregoing,  it  is  ap- 
f  ent  at  once  to  anyone  having  the 
s  htest  familiarity  with  gold-dredging 
s  as  or  the  requirements  of  this  in- 
d  try  that  the  Kolchan  conditions  are 
s  able  to  an  extraordinary  degree;  no 
d  wback  exists  to  the  profitable  and 
otinued  exploitation  of  the  Kolchan  or 
C  lotsk  property,  save  the  more  or  less 
li  ted  working  season  which  must  in- 
e- ably  be  found  in  any  portion  of  Si- 
bta." 

Reports  of  J.  P.  Hutchins 

le    following     abstracts      from      Mr. 

■  ;hins'  reports  substantiate  Mr.  Pur- 
in's  views  as  to  the  value  of  the 
erty  and  give  some  interesting  com- 
•ons    as    to    conditions     on     Kojchan 

'  k  and  in  the  Klondike. 

he   physical    conditions    that    govern 

i;ing  on  the  Kolchan  property  are  ex- 

L-ly  favorable;  with  the  exception  of 

'ength  of  working  seasons  they  are 

inost  favorable  that  I  have  ever  seen. 

^    length     of     working     seasons     for 

'  ^es  designed  to  combat  cold  weather 

be  at   least    180  days   and   probably 

'  200  days.     I   believe   that  dredging 


can  be  commenced  each  year  by  May   1, 
and  continue  until  December. 

"Seasonal  frost  may  interfere  with 
dredging  in  the  early  spring,  but  I  believe 
that  sufficient  ground  can  be  flooded  and 
so  protected  from  deep  freezing  to  pre- 
vent loss  and  time  from  this  cause.  I  do 
not  believe  that  steam  thawing  will  ever 
be  necessary,  but,  should  it  be  required, 
large  amounts  of  cheap  wood  are  avail- 
able. The  most  reliable  information  is 
that  frost  does  not  penetrate  the  turf 
which  covers  all  the  virgin  ground.  This 
turf  is  often  2  it.  thick.  Under  such 
ccnditions  dredging  should  be  carried  on 
with  little  or  no  trouble,  for  even  greater 
thicknesses  of  frozen  material  can  be 
handled  by  the  large,  powerful  modern 
dredge. 

Loose  Gravel  and  Soft  Bedrock 

"The  gravel  on  Kolchan  creek  is  emi- 
nently suited  for  rapid  and  therefore 
cheap  work.  It  is  of  moderate  depth, 
generally  without  clay,  has  no  large 
boulders  and  no  indurated  material.  I 
have  never  seen  dredging  gravel  any- 
where that  is  better  suited  to  cheap  ex- 
cavating. There  is  a  turf  overburden  of 
generally  slight  depth.  Where  the  timber 
r-.  thickest  it  will  cost  not  more  than  S35 
per  acre  to  clear  it  for  dredging. 

"The  bedrock  is  soft  and  even  and 
offers  no  obstacles  to  rapid  working.  It 
can  be  more  easily  excavated  than  that 
of  the  so  called  "ideal"  Oroville  district 
in  California.  The  gold  is  easily  saved 
and  amalgamates  well.  A  saving  of  95 
per  cent  was  made  by  a  plain  sluice 
during  the  last  year  while  working  ma- 
terial containing  more  clay  than  will  be 
encountered  in  dredging  on  Kolchan 
creek. 

Electric  Povcer  from  Wood 

"It  is  planned  to  run  the  dredges  by 
electricity  generated  at  a  power  station 
situated  on  Lake  Chla  about  ten  miles 
from  Kolchan  creek.  There  is  an  excel- 
lent site  for  a  power  station  of  large  ca- 
pacity on  the  lake  at  the  present  landing. 
Logs  can  be  cut  in  the  forests  that  sur- 
round Lake  Chla,  rafted  to  the  power 
plant,  cut  into  bmler  lengths  and  split 
by  steam  power.  Wood  should  cost  con- 
siderably less  than  2  rubles  per  cord 
laid  down  at  the  boilers.  An  additional 
advantage  of  placing  the  power  plant  at 
Lake  Chla  is  the  circumstance  that  ma- 
chinery for  the  power  plant  can  be 
landed  from  barges  on  to  the  site  with- 
out any  wagon  haul  whatever. 

"Experience  during  the  last  summer 
has  demonstrated  that  Russian  labor  can 
be  taught  to  run  dredging  machinery.  It 
is  probable  that  after  one  or  two  seasons' 
work  less  than  10  per  cent,  of  all  the  la- 
borers need  be  foreigners,  and  after  sev- 
eral years  it  is  probable  that  nearly  all 
laborers  will  be  Russian. 


District  Compares  Favorarly  with 
Other  Dredging  Areas 

"I  consider  Kolchan  creek  to  be  one  of 
the  best  dredging  areas  that  I  have  ever 
seen  and,  if  adequately  equipped,  it 
should  produce  as  much  net  profit  per 
dredge  as  any  dredging  region  in  the 
world." 

"This  region  is  quite  accessible,  more 
accessible  than  any  of  the  other  placer 
regions  in  East  Siberia.  It  is  only  nec- 
essary to  remember  that  there  is  water 
transport  within  10  miles  of  the  mine, 
and  these  10  miles  are  covered  by  good 
wagon  road.  This  is  exceptionally  favor- 
able, and  it  will  be  easier  and  cheaper  to 
transport  machinery  to  Kolchan  creek 
than  it  is  to  any  of  the  known  dredging 
areas  of  Alaska  or  Yukon  territory.  It 
is  interesting  to  say  a  few  words  as  to 
Kolchan  creek,  as  compared  with  Klon- 
dike— where  millions  of  dollars  have  been 
spent  by  the  Guggenheims  in  purchasing 
and  equipping  dredging  ground,  and 
where  the  gold  tenor  is  no  greater  than 
that  of  the  upper  reaches  of  Kolchan 
creek. 

"The  working  season  in  Klondike  is  20 
to  40  per  cent,  shorter  than  what  is  ex- 
pected on  Kolchan  creek.  Much  of  the 
Klondike  ground  is  solidly  frozen,  and 
requires  more  for  thawing  the  gravel  than 
will  be  the  total  operating  cost  on  Kol- 
chan creek.  Fuel  in  Klondike  costs  10 
times  as  much  as  on  Kolchan  creek.  La- 
bor costs  four  times  as  much  as  on  Kol- 
chan. Much  of  the  Kolchan  gravel  con- 
tains four  times  as  much  as  the  ground  in 
California  that  is  worth  over  .SIOOO  per 
acre.  I  consider  the  Kolchan  one  of  the 
best  dredging  areas  in  the  world." 


Tri-Bullion  Smelting  and  Develop- 
ment Company 

The  preliminary  report  of  the  Tri-Bul- 
lion Smelting  and  Development  Companv 
shows  that  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  Oct. 
31,  1910,  a  total  of  20,700  tons  of  ore 
were  mined,  and  13,250  milled.  There 
were  shipped  from  ore  hoisted  6957  tons 
zinc  concentrates,  1522  tons  lead  con- 
centrates. 2589  tons  iron  middlings,  2589 
tons  crude  zinc  sulphide,  974  tons  crude 
zinc  carbonate,  .88  tons  crude  lead  car- 
bonate and  ti.5  tons  copper  ore,  while 
lessees  shipped  15,074  tons  additional. 

During  the  year  S214,040  of  the  out- 
standing S2,S0,000  of  cumulative  prefer- 
red stock  has  been  retired,  and  the  com- 
pany released  from  almost  an  equal 
amount  of  cumulative  dividends  upon  it. 
Cash  on  hand  and  ore  shipments  not 
settled  for  amounted  to  837,547  on  Nov. 
1.   1910. 


In  1909  the  Monterey  iron  and  steel 
plant  at  Monterey.  Nuevo  Leon, consumed 
58.085  metric  tons  of  iron  ore  from  its 
own  mines  and  49,319  tons  of  purchased 
ore. 


1204 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


The  Gold    Mining  Industry  in  Nicaragua 

Liberal    Mining  Laws,  but    Better  Transportation   Needed.      Provisions 
High.      Mean  Temperature  80  deg.  F.     Rain(all  125  to  300  in.  per  Year 


B  Y 


T 


The  American  engineer  in  foreign 
lands  formerly  recognized  tlie  sad  fact 
that  his  Government  did  not  give  him 
adequate  protection.  Especially  was  this 
true  in  Spanish  America.  There  was  a 
time  when  Americans  in  these  republics 
would  appeal  to  the  British  consuls 
rather  than  their  own  when  any  injustice 
was  done  them.  In  recent  years  there 
has  been  a  decided  improvement  in  the 
policy  of  protection  to  the  American  citi- 
zen abroad  and  the  engineer  from  the 
United  States  feels  that  the  day  is  at 
hand  when  he  will  be  as  much  respected 
as  the  citizen  of  ancient  Rome  whose 
declaration,  civis  Romanus  sum,  was  suf- 
ficient to  get  him  justice  in  every  part  of 
the  world. 

Our  influence  is  now  so  important  in 
Central  America  that  the  governments  are 
eager  to  treat  Americans  fairly.  In  Nica- 
ragua this  is  especially  true.  Property 
Tights  of  all  kinds,  obtained  by  due  pro- 
cesses of  law,  are  now  as  safe  in  that 
country  as  in  other  lands. 

AliNiNG  Laws 

The  mining  law  of  Nicaragua  is  a 
liberal  one.  Fortunately  it  has  the  law 
of  vertical  planes,  as  exists  in  the  Trans- 
vaal and  Mexico,  and  not  the  entangling 
law  of  apex  and  extra-lateral  rights, 
which  is  the  joy  of  the  lawyer  and  the 
snare  of  the  miner.  While  the  area  of 
the  claim  is  fixed,  its  shape  depends 
upon  the  dip  of  the  vein.  The  accom- 
panying figures  show  how  the  width  of  a 
claim  is  determined  by  the  dip  of  the 
vein. 

(•r..\IM    WIDTHS    .\S    AI'-KKCTED    BY    DIP 
OF   VEIN. 

Molcrs. 

Prom  30  to  4.">  dej?..   incUisive 2(KI 

From  4.1   to  50  deg..  inclusive !<>."• 

From   'tU  to  60  (leff..   inclusive 1.1."i 

From  (io  to  Ct't  deg..  inclusive 115 

From  <>r>  Io  no  dre..   incliislvi> 100 

Compared  «ith  the  heavy  taxes  paid 
on  claims  in  the  Transvaal  the  charges  in 
Nicaragua  are  low.  It  is  a  poor  man's 
mining  law.  Almost  all  the  promising 
properties  in  the  republic  today  were 
started  by  men  who  went  to  Nicaragua 
with  no  money.  The  greatest  gold  mine 
in  eastern  Nicaragua  today,  a  property 
which  is  destined  to  become  a  big  pro- 
ducer, is  owned  by  a  man  who  went  there 
10  years  ago,  with  a  practical  knowledge 
of  mining  as  his  only  capital.  Every  en- 
gineer I  have  met,  who  has  traveled  ex- 
tensively in  Nicaragua,  is  impressed  with 
the  possibilities  of  the  republic  as  a  gold 

•MlnlnK  pnclnccr.  Oseood.  rarter  &  Co., 
First    National    Bank.   Chicago.    111. 


LANE 


C  A  R  T  E  R 


producer.  Had  these  deposits  been  placed 
in  countries  where  the  confidence  of  cap- 
ital was  greater  they  would  have  been  de- 
veloped long  ago. 

The  policy  of  ex-President  Zelaya  was 
one  of  retrogression.  He  upheld  the  sys- 
tem of  concessions,  in  most  of  which  he 
was  a  large  owner.  Those  owning  the 
concessions  did  nothing  with  them,  but 
hoped  to  unload,  with  a  large  profit,  upon 
innocent  people.  Since  Zelaya's  over- 
throw it  has  been  decided  to  cancel  the 
illegal  concessions-  Tracts  of  country 
which  were  closed  to  prospectors  on  ac- 
count of  the  concessions,  will  be  thrown 
open  by  the  new  government.  This  will 
m.ean  that  Nicaragua  will  be  prospected 
as  never  before. 

Transportation 

Lack  of  transportation  has  been  the 
greatest  drawback  in  the  development  of 


est  giant  tree  that  the  Nicaraguan  forest 
can  produce.  The  Indians  who  handle 
these  canoes  are  experts  at  the  work.  It 
will  not  be  long  before  these  rivermen  are 
replaced  by  gasolene  boats  and  railroads, 
but  at  present  transportation  in  Nicaragua 
is  in  the  same  condition  as  it  was  in  the 
days  of  Columbus. 

Geology 

Only  a  little  work  has  been  done  in  the 
systematic  study  of  the  geology  of  the 
country.  Nicaragua  is  an  inviting  field 
to  the  geologist.  He  is  struck  with  the 
comparative  scarcity  of  sedimentary 
rocks.  Where  patches  of  limestone  do  oc- 
cur in  eastern  Nicaragua,  they  are  tilted 
and  highly  crystalline.  Around  Lake  Nica- 
ragua, the  evidence  of  volcanism  is  con- 
spicuous, and  the  strata  are  much  dis- 
turbed. On  the  Atlantic  side,  the  rocks 
are  not  faulted  to  any  great  extent. 


ft^  --c-^ 


PiTPAN  Used  for  Freighting  on  Rivers 


Nicaragua.  Were  it  not  for  the  numer- 
ous rivers  that  flow  through  the  country, 
if  would  have  been  impossible  to  start 
any  mines.  In  eastern  Nicaragua  there 
are  no  railroads,  all  the  freight  being 
handled  by  paddle-boat  steamers  and 
canoes,  or  pitpans.  On  the  large  rivers 
such  as  the  Escondia,  from  Bluefields 
to  Rama,  the  steamboat  is  employed,  but 
on  the  streams  where  rapids  occur  the 
freight  must  be  handled  by  Indians  in 
canoes. 

Almost  all  the  machinery  in  the  Pis  Pis 
district  has  been  taken  from  the  coast 
in  frail  barks.  To  carry  a  piece  of  ma- 
chinery weighing  from  eight  to  10  tons 
the  canoe  must  be  made  from  the  strong- 


The  prevailing  country  rock  is  por 
phyry.  In  the  Pis  Pis  district  for  in 
stance,  both  wall  rocks  are  porphyritic 
Here  the  large  veins  are  regular,  with, 
out  any  prominent  fault  or  dike  to  dis 
locate  them. 

In  a  country  like  Nicaragua,  where  fc 
ages  the  rainfall  has  been  excessive,  th 
engineer  does  not  expect  to  dig  deep  be 
fore  he  strikes  the  zone  of  primary  su 
phides.  It  is  impossible  to  give  any  ir 
formation  as  to  the  continuance  of  gol 
veins  at  depth,  as  there  has  been  no  dee 
mining  in  Nicaragua.  The  deepest  vert 
cal  shaft  is  less  than  150  ft.  So  far  tl 
mining  has  been  through  adits,  and  as  tl 
veins  are  wide  and  the  mills  small,  thei 


i 


December  17,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1205 


has  been  plenty  of  ore  in  the  oxidized 
zone.  I  noticed  bunches  of  galena  in 
some  of  the  mines,  and  it  is  possible  that 
in  depth  the  ore  will  require  Wiltley 
tables  to  extract  the  sulphides  before  the 
tailing  is  treated  by  cyanide.  Most  of 
the  veins  are  replacement  deposits  and 
occurrences  of  horses  of  porphyry  in  the 
I    veins  are  frequent. 

Prospecting 

Anyone  who  has  prospected  in  a  tropi- 
cal country  like  Nicaragua  remembers 
the  feeling  of  despair  that  came  over  him 
when  he  commenced.  It  seemed  almost 
impossible  to  find  a  mine  in  a  wilderness 
so   impenetrably    covered    by    vegetation 


with  silver  that  fire  assaying  is  the  only 
thing  upon  which  to  depend. 

ClMATE    AND    HEALTH 

The  general  idea  of  Nicaragua  is  that 
of  an  intensely  hot,  fever-cursed,  yellow- 
jack  land,  where  a  man  goes  at  his  peril. 
This  is  altogether  wrong.  There  has  not 
been  a  case  of  yellow  fever  on  the  east- 
ern coast  of  Nicaragua. 

The  mean  temperature  of  Nicaragua  is 
80  deg.  F.  It  is  a  wet  climate,  the  rain- 
fall varying  from  300  in.  at  Greytown  to 
125  in.  in  the  Pis  Pis  district.  It  is  in- 
comparably better  than  the  ice  and  snow 
regions  of  Alaska  and  Canada.  No  water 
pipes  are  broken  by  freezing,  and,  as  far 


T'tt  F.'iiiiHcvi'iff  i  .Uininij  Journal 

Map  of  Nicaragua.  Showing   Mining    Districts 


nd  soil.  Were  it  not  for  the  numerous 
treams  that  cut  the  formations  the  find- 
ng  of  gold   would  be  almost  impossible. 

The  Indians  are  the  best  prospectors  in 
iie  country.  Their  keen  eyes  have  dis- 
overed  most  of  the  mines.  The  best 
'ling  the  prospector  can  do  is  to  secure 
ne  or  two  of  these  red  men.  As  Eng- 
ind  was  the  suzerain  power  on  the 
losquito  coast  of  Nicaragua  for  many 
ears,  the  Indians  are    more    conversant 

ith  English  than  with  Spanish. 

The  pan  or  the  hornspoon  are  used  by 
le  prospector.  Too  much  reliance  has 
een  placed  on  the  pan  in  estimating  the 
alue  of  a  gold  deposit.  The  gold  is 
imetimes  so  spongy  and  highly  alloyed 


as  the  climate  is  concerned,  mining  can 
be  carried  on  every  day  in  the  year. 

Malaria  is  Prevalent 

The  bane  of  the  country  is  malaria. 
While  the  form  of  this  disease  is  by  no 
means  as  virulent  as  in  other  parts  of 
the  world,  it  is  common,  especially  in  the 
low-lying  coast  lands.  But  in  the  moun- 
tainous interior  where  most  of  the  mining 
is  done,  malaria  is  not  common.  In  these 
highlands  one  finds  as  beautiful  a  country 
and  as  delightful  a  climate  as  exists  any- 
where in  the  world. 

The  extraordinary  success  attained  at 
Panama  in  eradicating  malaria  shows 
how  completely  this  disease  can  be  over- 


come when  scientific  methods  are  used. 
When  the  engineer  goes  to  Nicaragua  he 
m.ust  realize  that  he  is  in  the  tropics,  and 
must  change  his  clothing  and  food  to  suit 
his  environment. 

Labor 

Compared  with  other  mining  countries, 
as  for  instance  some  of  our  Western 
States.  British  Columbia  or  Alaska,  the 
labor  conditions  of  Nicaragua  are  satis- 
factory. In  eastern  Nicaragua  there  are 
few  people,  most  of  the  miners  coming 
from  the  interior  of  the  country.  Labor- 
ers can  be  imported  from  the  West  In- 
dies and  other  republics,  should  the  de- 
mand increase  rapidly. 

There  are  three  classes  of  labor,  name- 
ly, the  Europeans,  such  as  mine  mana- 
gers, cyanide  experts,  surveyors,  etc.; 
the  Spaniards  or  Nicaraguans,  and  the 
Indians  of  the  Suma  and  Mosquito  tribes. 
The  demand  for  white  labor  is  small  and 
in  the  development  of  Central  America, 
the  European  laborer  will  not  find  much 
of  an  opening.  It  will  be  as  in  Mexico, 
where  the  manual  labor  is  carried  out  by 
the  peons,  the  overseers  and  engineers 
being  Europeans.  The  chance  for  the 
white  laborer  will  be  in  prospecting  for 
himself  or  cultivating  the  soil  on  his  own 
account.  To  do  this  requires  some  cap- 
ital. Europeans  seldom  do  the  physical 
work  of  mining  in  Nicaragua. 

In  the  Transvaal  the  skilled  labor  of  the 
white  man  is  protected  against  the  black 
man.  For  instance,  only  Europeansare  al- 
lowed to  blast  in  the  mines,  but  in  Nica- 
ragua there  are  no  such  restrictions. 

The  mining  work  is  done  by  the  Span- 
iards or  Nicaraguans.  Properly  handled 
they  do  good  work.  Fiestas  do  not  play 
such  havoc  in  Nicaragua  as  in  Mexico 
nor  do  the  saints  take  such  an  important 
part  in  the  mining  work.  The  Nica- 
raguans do  the  best  work  when  on  con- 
tract. The  prices  paid  for  crosscutting 
and  driving  vary  from  S2  to  S4.50  per 
feet. 

When  working  on  day's  pay  the  min- 
ers earn  SI  per  day,  but  on  contract  they 
often  make  from  S2  to  S4  per  day.  The 
Indians  are  not  successful  as  miners. 
Besides  the  canoeing,  they  are  employed 
as  woodchoppers,  shovelers  and  tram- 
mers and  hunters.  They  are  paid  from 
40c.  to  80c.  per  day.  The  third  class  of 
laborers  is  the  Jamaicans,  the  black  na- 
tives of  Jamaica.  They  have  a  reputa- 
tion of  being  lazy  and  indolent.  There 
are  exceptions,  and  I  have  seen  good 
carpenters,  mechanics  and  mill  men 
among  them.  They  seldom  work  as  min- 
ers. Probably  this  is  too  hard  to  suit 
them. 

So  far.  little  or  no  mining  has  been 
done  bv  rock  drills  in  Nicaragua.  At  the 
Lone  Star  mine  is  a  compressor  run  by 
water  power,  but  for  use  in  cyaniding. 
When  mining  is  conducted  on  a  larger 
scale,  the  use  of  air  drills  will,  no  doubt, 
be  common. 


1206 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


On  account  of  the  high  cost  of  sup- 
plies, due  to  heavy  taxation  and  costly 
transportation,  the  cost  of  feeding  the 
laborers  is  excessive.  In  the  Transvaal 
it  costs  about  6'jC.  per  day  to  feed  the 
Kafirs,  and  about  12c.  to  feed  the  Chin- 
ese laborers.  In  Nicaragua  the  food  giv- 
en the  workmen  is  not  so  good  as  that  fed 
to  the  Chinese,  and  --et  the  cost  is  from 
50  to  75c.  per  day. 

To  reduce  this  as  much  as  possible, 
the  mines  start  plantations  of  bananas, 
corn,  plantains,  etc.  There  is  no  reason 
why  the  mines  should  not  be  almost  self- 
supporting  as  regards  food  stuffs.  One 
mine  has  installed  a  refrigerator  plant, 
so  that  beef  can  be  killed  and  stored, 
and  not  imported  in  cans. 

Working  Costs  and  Mining  Methods 

One  expects  to  find  high  working  costs 
in  a  country  like  Nicaragua,  and  it  is 
therefore  a  surprise  to  find  that  the  ores 
are  worked  at  a  cost  of  S2.50  to  S3  per  ton. 
The  reasons  for  this  are  obvious.  In  the 
first  place,  the  veins  are,  as  a  rule,  from 
18  to  50  ft.  wide,  and  in  many  cases  it 
is  possible  to  use  the  "glory  hole"  meth- 
od of  mining.  The  rock  is  comparatively 
soft  and  breaks  easily.  In  the  opencut 
work,  churn  drills  can  be  used,  and  a 
few  miners  break  enough  rock  to  keep  a 
100-ton  mill  at  work. 

Water  power  direct,  or  hydroelectric 
power,  is  the  motive  force  generally  used. 
The  ore  is  easily  crushed  and  the  cyanide 
costs  are  not  excessive.  The  average 
costs  in  the  Pis  Pis  district  can  be  put 
down  as  follows:  Mining,  S0.80;  milling 
and  cyaniding,  SI;  maintenance,  SO. 20; 
general  expenses,  $0.50;  total,  S2.50  per 
ton.  If  it  is  possible  to  get  such  low 
working  costs  with  100-ton  mills,  under 
adverse  circumstances,  the  engineer  feels 
confident  that  with  larger  mills  and  im- 
proved transportation,  the  working  costs 
in  Nicaragua  could  be  reduced  to  a  fig- 
ure as  low  as  that  attained  in  any  min- 
ing country. 

From  what  we  know  of  the  gold  mines 
today  it  locks  as  if  the  properties  would 
develop  into  large  low-grade  producers, 
with  ore  running  from  S4  to  S6  per  ton. 
There  are,  of  course,  some  narrow  veins 
that  are  rich,  but  they  are  exceptions. 

Metallurgy 

Mining  in  Nicaragua  has  suffered  more 
from  poor  metallurgy  than  from  any 
other  cause.  The  extraction  in  the  mill 
has  varied  all  the  way  from  nothing  up 
to  50  per  cent.  A  number  of  small  mills 
have  extracted  no  more  than  33  per  cent, 
of  the  gold  in  the  ore.  One  company 
claims  that  it  has  extracted  85  per  cent., 
but  I  doubt  it.  Only  one  plant  is  making 
an  attempt  to  treat  the  slime,  and  there 
the  wrong  process  was  installed.  Some 
one  read  about  the  South  African  decan- 
tation  process  and  suggested  it  for  this 
Nicaraguan  mine.  It  is  questionable 
whether  the  decantation  process  should 


be  used  on  any  slime,  but  for  the  ores 
of  Nicaragua  it  is  a  dismal  failure.  When 
one  realizes  that  to  make  a  leachable 
sand,  at  least  50  per  cent,  of  the  pulp 
should  be  sent  away  as  slime,  one  appre- 
'ciates  what  the  loss  has  been  at  those 
mines  that  have  allowed  the  slime  lo  run 
away  all  these  years. 

In  connection  with  T.  W.  Bouchelle, 
chemist  of  the  Lone  Star  mine,  I  carried 
out  experiments  with  Nicaraguan  ores. 
Our  conclusions  were  that  if  the  proper 
appliances  were  used  it  would  be  possible 
to  get  an  extraction  of  at  least  90  per 
cent,  on  the  majority  of  the  ores. 

Milling  Practice 

The  ore  is  first  passed  through  a  crush- 
er, of  the  Dodge  or  Blake  type.  Prelim- 
inary sorting  is  seldom  employed.  After 
crushing  the  ore  is  either  stamped  or 
passed  through  Huntington  mills.  Speak- 
ing generally,  I  found  that  the  Hunting- 
ton mill  is  the  best  machine  for  Nica- 
ragua. The  amount  that  can  be  run 
through  a  5-ft.  mill  depends,  of  course, 
on  the  ore.  At  the  Santa  Rita,  with 
an  ideal  ore.  from  70  to  75  tons  per  day 
can  be  put  through  a  5-ft.  mill,  using  a 
20-mesh  screen.  At  the  other  mines, 
where  the  ore  is  hard,  the  daily  tonnage 
varies  from  25  to  35  tons. 

Fine  grinding  is  not  necessary.  The 
ore  is  porous,  and  a  good  extraction  can 
be  obtained  from  a  sand  passed  through 
a  20-mesh  screen.  Tube  mills  in 
Nicaragua  will  not  be  required.  I  be- 
lieve that  by  using  rolls  after  the  ore 
passes  through  the  crusher,  and  deliver- 
ing the  material  to  the  Huntington  mill, 
say  the  size  of  a  pea,  the  best  results 
will  be  obtained. 

Stamps  do  not  suit  the  ore,  which 
is  often  clayey  and  tenaciously  sticks  to 
the  stamp.  To  employ  a  heavier  stamp 
only  increases  the  difficulty.  On  mines 
where  transportation  is  especially  bad. 
sectionalized  machinery  has  been  brought 
in.  One  sectionalized  battery  of  10 
stamps  was  put  up,  but  this  has  given 
much  trouble,  the  crushed  ore  working 
through  the  joints.  The  belief  is  that 
more  money  should  be  spent  to  make 
the  roads  passable  and  bring  in  machin- 
ery that  is  not  sectionalized. 

Treatment  of  Slimes 

The  slime  problem  is  the  most  trying. 
There  is  no  difficulty  in  extracting  the 
gold.  A  few  hours'  agitation  in- a  bottle 
obtains  an  extraction  of  90  per  cent. 
But  the  slime  will  not  settle.  There  is  a 
large  amount  of  alumina  in  the  slime, 
and  even  after  filtering  through  three  fil- 
ter papers  the  solution  is  turbid.  The 
use  of  one  of  the  well  known  filter-press 
methods  will,  no  doubt,  settle  the  prob- 
lem. If  it  were  found  impossible  to  fil- 
ler the  solution  electrical  precipitation 
might  be  used.  Our  experiments  were 
only   laboratory   tests,  but  we  are   con- 


vinced   that    the    slime    problem    can    be 
solved. 

On  account  of  high  cost  of  transporting 
lime,  caustic  soda  is  used.  Zinc  shavings 
are  employed  for  precipitating  the  gold. 
The  precipitate  is  treated  by  acid,  and 
then  smelted  in  a  pot.  The  bullion  pro- 
duced varies  from  500  to  750  fine.  It  is 
sent  to  the  coast  in  canoes,  in  care  of  the 
Indian  captains.  There  has  never  been 
a  "hold  up."  Were  the  bullion  stolen, 
the  loss  would  be  complete,  as  the  own- 
ers cannot  insure  the  gold  until  it  is 
placed  on  the  ship. 

Nicaragua  a  Land  of  Promise 

I  feel  that  these  notes  on  Nicaragua 
are  inadequate,  but  as  so  little  has  been 
written  concerning  the  country,  and  so 
little  is  known  about  it,  I  hope  this  article 
will  give  some  information  of  an  inter- 
esting republic  of  Central  America. 

If  Nicaragua  is  given  a  fair  chance 
there  will  be  a  good  return  on  the  money 
invested.  It  is  a  country  with  great  diffi- 
culties to  be  overcome,  but  with  sufficient 
promise  to  warrant  the  expenditure  of 
capital  to  conquer  the  difficulties;  it  is 
not  a  bonanza  country.  But  if  the  same 
genius  displayed  in  mining  at  the  Alaska- 
Treadwcll,  the  Homestake  and  in  the 
Transvaal  is  used  in  Nicaragua,  the  re- 
sults will  be  satisfactory.  A  new  day  is 
dawning  for  Central  America.  The 
United  States  is  aiding  the  new  govern- 
ment of  Nicaragua  to  establish  and  main- 
tain peace  and  order. 

New  Orleans  is  not  generally  looked 
upon  as  a  mining  city,  but  if  the  Nica- 
ragua mines  are  developed,  as  well  as 
the  mineral  resources  of  the  other  Cen- 
tral American  Republics,  the  metropo- 
lis of  Louisiana  will  get  most  of  the 
business,  and  will  be  known  as  a  mining 
center,  as  well  as  the  city  of  sugar  and 
molasses. 


Y. 


The  Eccleston  Concentrator 


The  Eccleston  concentrator  is  the  latest 
applicant  for  favor,  and  embodies  some 
novel  features.  The  first  part  of  the  table 
acts  as  a  classifier,  and  the  second  or 
concentrating  portion  is  divided  into  two 
entirely  separate  parts,  the  water  feed  on 
each  being  apportioned  to  the  actual  re- 
quirements. The  inclinations  of  the  two 
parts  can  be  separately  adjusted. 

The  table  top  is  supported  by  springs, 
so  that  just  at  the  beginning  of  the  re- 
turn stroke  the  table  will  drop  from  I/lOO 
to  1  '64  in.,  thereby,  it  is  claimed,  de- 
creasing the  friction  for  an  instant  be- 
tween table  and  load  and  assisting  in 
quicker  concentrate  travel.  The  method 
of  supporting  the  table  top  is  also  claimed 
to  permit  the  use  of  lighter  construction, 
sc  that  the  table  can  be  run  at  a  higher 
speed  than  is  usual,  400  to  500  r.p.m.  I 
being  recommended  by  the  manufacturers. 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1207 


Successive  Stages  m  Flame  of  Copper  Converter 


BY  DONALD  M.  LEVY  * 


There  are  two  main  stages  in  the  pre- 
ss of  bessemerizing  copper  mattes.  The 
St  is  essentially  the  elimination  of  the 
m  sulphide;   the  second,  the   final   sul- 
lur  elimination.     The  first  stage  of  the 
ocess  is  known  as  the  "slagging"  stage, 
d   is   characterized   by   a   green    flame 
used  cjiiefly  by  the   formation  of  iron- 
icate  slag.     The   reactions   during   this 
Mge  are  well  known;  the  oxygen  of  the 
.■  which   is   blown    in    yields    oxides   of 
ipper,  iron  and  sulphur;  the   former  of 
;se    immediately    reacts    with    the    iron 
ilphide  still  remaining  and  re-forms  cop- 
ir  sulphide,  with  the  production  of  more 
i  n  oxide.    The  iron  oxide  combines  with 
t    silica  present,  chiefly  in  the  lining,  and 
I  iduces  a  ferrous-silicate  slag.   The  cor- 
1  ponding  sulphur  escapes  as  SO-.     The 
(  ef  product  of  this  first  stage  is  "white 
I  tal,"  practically  pure  copper  sulphide. 

1  lARACTERISTlCS    OF    THE    SECOND    STAGE 

Vhen  the  slagging  stage  is  completed, 
I   slag  is  poured  off  and  the  white  metal 


ance  of  the  flame  issuing  from  the  nose 
of  the  converter.  The  successive  changes 
in  their  aspect  are  quite  noticeable,  and 
after  some  practice  the  stages  of  the 
operation  can  be  readily  followed.  The 
changes  in  form  and  color  are  gradual, 
tut  the  skimmer  at  a  glance  is  able  to 
tell  how  his  converter  charges  are  pro- 
gressing and  to  give  a  shrewd  judgment 
as  to  the  temperature,  composition  and 
nature  of  his  metal  and  slags. 

In  general  character  the  color  sequence 
of  the  converter  flames  does  not  vary 
much  in  different  localities,  but  the  body 
and  luminosity  depend  largely  on  the  na- 
ture of  the  charge  and  working  conditions. 
The  colors  are  intensified  by  hot  metal, 
high  blast  pressure  and  rapid  working; 
also  to  a  great  extent  by  the  presence  of 
what  might  be  called  secondary  con- 
stituents in  the  matte,  such  as  zinc,  lead 
or  arsenic,  which,  liberating  heavy  white 
fumes,  considerably  increase  the  lumin- 
osity. 

There  are  usually  the  four  distinct  va- 


FL.\ME  COLOR  DURI.NCi  M.\TTE  BES.SEMKKIZATION. 


.  the  I'omiiienceiueut  of  the  blow. 

i  ;ging  .stage 

-metal  .stage 

I  n  iiiK  to  blister  copper 


Oxidation  of  secondary  constitu- 
ents, burning  of  iron,  sulphur 
and  cual. 

Iron  sulphiile  oxidation  and  for- 
mation of  iron-silit-ate  slaK. 

Copper  oxiclation  and  forma- 
tion of  i-oppiM-  silicate. 

.Sulphur  oxidation. 


Dark   reddish-brown  flame,  ac- 
companied by  much  .smoke. 

\'ivid  apple-green  flame. 

White-blue  flame. 

Thin  red-purple  flame. 


b  i'n  up  to  blister  copper.  This  consti- 
n  s  the  second  main  stage  of  the  pro- 
O  i.  The  chief  reaction  is  the  elimina- 
t!  of  the  sulphur,  and  the  production  of 
II  allic  copper,  brought  about  by  the  ac- 
ti  of  the  copper  oxide,  first  produced,  on 
tl  copper  sulphide  present.  The  Hame 
d  ng  this  period  is  smaller,  thin,  fairly 
IV  -luminous  and  red-purple  to  bronze- 
pi  Die  in  color. 

1  addition  to  these  two  main  color 
SI  es,  there  is  a  rich  red-brown  color  on 
ft'  blowing,  and  a  blue-white  color  at 
tk  end  of  the  slagging  stage.  The  first 
olhese  is  partly  due  to  the  coal  thrown 
ill  also  to  foreign  ingredients  in  the 
mte  which  are  the  first  to  be  oxidized; 
pt.ibly  also  to  an  undue  proportion  of 
«  hur  burnt  out  at  the  lower  tempera- 
^Us  which  obtain  on  commencing  the 
9l ',  and  also  to  unslagged  iron  oxide. 
Tl  blue-white  flame  which  marks  the 
Irh  of  "slagging"  is  dealt  with  later. 

le  progress  of  the  blowing  from  cop- 

'6  maltc  to  white  metal,  and   thence  to 

r  copper,  is  indicated  and  controlled 

-  smeltery  by  means  of  the  appear- 


riations  in  the   appearance   of  the   flame, 
indicated  in  the  accompanying  table'. 

Method  of  Working  Charges  Not  Al- 
ways THE  Same 

The  system  of  working  off  charges  of 
matte  in  the  converters  varies  at  every 
works,  and  even  at  the  same  works,  de- 
pending on  the  rate  of  production;  grade 
and  supply  of  matte,  and  its  temperature; 
condition  of  converter  lining,  and  the 
state  of  affairs  at  the  casting  and  refining 
furnaces;  so  that  all  the  cycle  of  changes 
may  not  be  seen  in  regular  succession  at 
one  converter,  which  might  be  kept  blow- 
ing to  white  metal  with  successive  addi- 
tions of  fresh  matte,  or  blowing  to  blister 
copper  with  continued  additions  of  white 
metal   from  other  converters. 

At  the  Washoe  smeltery.  Anaconda, 
Mont.,  where  the  observations  were  made, 
normal  working  is  to  blow  the  matte  to 
white  metal,  pouring  off  slags  when  nec- 
essary; then  to  blow  up  to  blister  copper, 
and  pour  the  resulting  metal,  in  regular 
sequence.  The  matte  here  averages  45 
per    cent,    copper;    about   8','-    tons    are 


m:— Excerpt  i.f  |iiip.r  In  Hull.  74.  IM.  M.  ,.|.,,p  „rleliinl  paper  was  llluslrated  by  col...- 

iiiol      (if     MeinlbirKy^     Ibe      Knlvorslty,       p|-,ol(ij;inphR    on    LuniK're    plutcs,    coloied    re- 


gion.   Itiimlngham.    Enj;. 


prodncllons    Ipclng   presented    In    the   Ilullitin. 


charged  at  an  average  temperature  of  900 
deg.  C,  with  the  converter  in  an  upright 
position  and  with  a  blast  of  16  lb.  per 
sq.in.  A  few  lumps  of  coal  are  thrown  in 
before  and  during  the  running  in  of  the 
matte. 

Copious  Fumes  Given  off  During  the 
Charging  Stage 

During  this  charging  copious,  heavy, 
vhite  fumes  and  smoke  and  a  full  red  to 
red-brown  flame  are  emitted,  this  effect 
being,  as  previously  stated,  partly  due  to 
zinc,  lead  or  arsenic  fumes,  to  sulphur 
and  iron  burning,  and  to  the  effect  of  coal 
on  the  flame. 

The  converter  being  turned  slightly 
back,  the  blow  proper  commences.  The 
flame  has  dropped  to  some  extent,  and 
continues  red  to  red-purple  for  from  two 
to  about  eight  minutes,  after  which  green 
commences  to  show  in  the  red  smoky 
flame,  when  the  first  or  slag-forming  pe- 
riod properly  begins.  The  green  becomes 
more  and  more  prominent  until  the  flame 
is  altogether  of  a  vivid  apple-green  color 
after  about  15  minutes'  blowing.  It  is 
also  brighter,  fuller,  and  is  accompanied 
by  plenty  of  smoke;  slagging  of  the  iron 
being  now  in  full  operation  and  the  metal 
hot.  After  about  40  to  45  minutes'  blow- 
ing (depending  upon  the  working  condi- 
tions) flashes  of  blue  appear  occasionally 
in  the  flame.  These  gradually  increase 
ill  number  and  finally  the  flame  becoines 
white-blue. 

White-blue  Flame  Indicates  End  of 
First  Stage 

This  is  a  sign  that  most  of  the  iron  has 
been  slagged  off,  that  the  white-metal 
stage  has  been  reached  and  that  copper 
silicate  is  being  produced,  to  which  latter 
fact  the  color  of  the  flame  is  to  be  at- 
tributed. The  copper  oxide  now  being 
formed  appears  in  the  presence  of  much 
slag  to  produce  the  silicate  rather  than  to 
attack  the  copper  sulphide,  especially  if 
the  temperature  be  high. 

The  fact  that  the  marked  green  and 
blue  color  effects  are  due  to  the  forma- 
tion of  silicates  of  iron  and  of  copper  is 
interesting;  these  colors  are  not  produced 
unless  the  respective  oxides  are  being 
slagged. 

When  this  white-metal  stage  has  bccrt 
reached,  the  slag  is  poured  off  until  an 
iron  rake  held  under  the  stream  begins  to- 
show  signs  of  "metal"  (which  give  an 
appearance  of  spots  of  grease  on  the 
blade). 

If  considered  necessary,  a  "dope" 
charge  of  scrap,  cleanings  and  silicious 
material,  etc.,   Is  now   added    (partly   to 


i 


1208 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


cool  the  charge),  the  converter  is  turned 
up  and  blowing  resumed.  Often  a  pre- 
liminary skimming  is  carried  out  before 
the  white-metal  stage  is  quite  reached 
and  while  the  flame  is  green,  but  giving 
indications  of  blue,  to  prevent  too  great 
an  accumulation  of  slag.  Blowing  is 
afterward  continued,  the  pure  apple-green 
flame  results  and  white  metal  is  eventu- 
ally obtained.  The  first  stage  of  the  blow 
to  white  metal  occupies  about  60  min- 
utes. 

Details  of  Second  Stage  of  Blow 

The  second  part  of  the  blow  commen- 
ces with  a  vivid  red-brown  flame  and 
smoke;  but  this  gradually  decreases  and 
a  thin  red-purple  flame  of  some  bright- 
ness with  thin  smoke  results  and  con- 
tinues with  slight  change  to  the  end  of  the 
operation.  The  temperature  of  the  oper- 
ation can  be  judged  by  the  flame;  a  red- 
brown  (as  shown)  indicating  the  correct 
temperature.  If  too  red,  the  metal  is  Too 
cold  and  coal  is  thrown  in;  if  the  tint  be 
too  orange,  the  metal  is  too  hot  and 
"dope"  is  charged. 

The  end  of  the  blow  is  most  difficult  to 
judge,  the  size  and  color  being  some 
criterion;  but  an  important  guide  is  the 
emission  of  little  shots  of  copper  which 
no  longer  stick  to  the  hood  over  the  con- 
verter but  rebound  from  it.  This  is  the 
stage  where  the  judgment  and  skill  of  the 
skimmer  is  most  tried.  The  metal  is 
further  tested  by  judging  the  appearance 
of  a  small  quantity  poured  on  to  the  floor; 
a  rugged  and  uneven  surface  is  satis- 
factory. The  second  period  of  the  blow 
takes  from  60  to  75  minutes. 

Below  are  given  observations  made 
during  a  blow: 

Converter  A — matte  charge;  charged 
2:25  p.m.,  flame  red;  2:29  p.m.,  green 
appears;  3:00  p.m.,  green  becoming 
brighter;  3:17  p.m.,  vivid  green;  3:18 
p.m.,  skimmed;  no  metal  reached;  3:21 
p.m.,  blue  appears  in  flame;  3:27  p.m., 
flame  chiefly  blue,  converter  turned  down 
to  skim,  doped. 

Converter  B — White-metal  charge; 
charged  4:13  p.m.,  doped;  4:14  p.m.,  con- 
verter turned  up,  flame  red;  4:16  p.m., 
flame  red-purple;  4:18  to  5:20  p.m.,  flame 
peach  to  bronze-purple  color. 

The  changes  in  composition  of  the 
metal  during  a  blow  have  been  shown 
graphically  in  a  paper  by  E.  P.  Mathew- 
son,  manager  of  the  Washoe  smeltery. 
Anaconda,  Montana. 


Controversy    Over    Sulphur  Import 
Duty 


Old-age  Pensions  for  Steel  Cor- 
poration Employees 


It  is  announced  that  Director  Joseph 
A.  Holmes,  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  is 
endeavoring  to  interest  the  Government 
in  a  project  to  purchase  and  operate  a 
coal  mine  in  the  Pittsburg  district,  the 
intention  being  to  carry  on  experiments 
which  shall  have  a  practical  value,  espe- 
cially in  connection  with  safety  devices, 
explosives  and  other  features  of  routine 
operation  in  the  mines. 


'TruiiK.,   A.    I.    M.    E.,    1!)07,   p.    I.'i4. 


San  Francisco  Correspondence 

Sulphur  importers  all  over  the  United 
States  are  much  interested  in  the  hear- 
ing before  United  States  General  Ap- 
praiser S.  B.  Cooper  in  the  case  of 
H.  M.  Newhall,  of  San  Francisco,  as 
protestant  against  the  customs  classifica- 
tion of  sulphur  from  Bungo,  .lapan,  as 
refined  sulphur.  Testimony  has  been 
taken  recently  at  Portland  and  Seattle 
and  further  testimony  will  be  taken  in 
the  matter  at  Lake  Charles,  La.,  and 
New  York.  The  case  of  the  Newhalls, 
San  Francisco  importers  of  this  sulphur, 
has  been  taken  as  a  test  one  from  hun- 
dreds of  similar  ones.  Duties  on  several 
million  dollars'  worth  of  sulphur  de- 
pend on  the  final  decision  on  this  case. 
The  Bungo  sulphur  is  naturally  so  pure 
that  it  is  not  further  refined  before  im- 
porting, so  the  importers  claim  it  should 
be  classed  as  crude,  but  the  customs  of- 
ficials have  been  classifying  it  as  re- 
fined. There  is  likely  to  be  a  conflict  as 
to  the  intention  of  the  tariff  act.  If  it  is 
to  protect  home  refiners  and  the  labor 
they  employ,  the  custom  house  will  in- 
sist that  this  Jananese  sulphur  must  pay 
duty  as  refined;  and  if  it  is  to  raise  a 
revenue  the  same  claim  will  be  made. 
The  importers  claim  that  while  the  Jap- 
anese sulphur  may  in  some  cases  be 
used  direct  as  received  from  the  mine, 
in  other  cases  further  manipulation  is 
necessary  before  a  perfectly  pure  sul- 
phur is  gained.  Farmers  all  over  the 
United  States  use  fertilizers  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  which  sulphur  is  used,  and 
an  immense  quantity  is  used  in  bleach- 
ing wood-pulp  paper.  The  sulphur  con- 
sumers are  many  and  important.  Fruit 
growers,  match  manufacturers,  powder 
makers,  sugar  refiners,  rubber  manufac- 
turers and  hundreds  of  others  are  inter- 
ested in  the  substance. 

The  sources  are  in  the  province  of 
Bungo,  Japan,  on  Mount  Kujusan.  The 
natural  sulphur  flows  as  such  from  the 
ground,  and  cooling,  forms  a  mass  of 
nearly  pure  sulphur  which  is  sacked  on 
the  spot  and  taken  down  the  mountain 
on  sleds,  placed  on  wagons  and  carried 
50  miles  to  Oita  and  shipped  to  Kobe 
without  the  natural  sulphur  being  in  any 
way  refined  or  purified.  It  is  thus  a  nat- 
ural or  native  product  absolutely.  The 
openings  are  really  not  mines,  as  the 
sulphur  flows  from  fissures  in  the  rocks 
and  is  collected  in  pools  or  drains.  There 
are  upward  of  40  of  the  openings  and  the 
sulphur  seems  to  have  been  purified  by 
passing  through  the  porous  volcanic 
rock  through  which  it  flows.  Upon  the 
decision  of  the  Newhall  case  a  large 
amount  of  money  depends  as  well  as 
heavy  interests  of  importers  and  con- 
sumers. 


A  statement  recently  given  out  says 
that  plans  have  been  adopted  to  take  ef- 
fect Jan.  1,  1911,  to  pay  pensions  from 
the  joint  United  States  Steel  and  Car- 
negie pension  fund,  established  last 
spring,  by  action  of  the  Steel  Corpora- 
tion and  Andrew  Carnegie.  This  fund 
was  established  for  the  purpose  of  pay- 
ing old-age  pensions  from  the  income 
of  the  fund  to  employees  of  the  Steel 
Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries.  For 
this  purpose,  the  corporation  has  pro- 
vided 58,000,000  which,  with  the  S4,000,- 
000,  given  by  Andrew  Carnegie,  on 
March  12,  1901,  makes  up  a  fund  of 
512,000,000.  This  pension  fund  is  ad- 
ministered by  a  board  of  12  trustees  with 
a  manager  appointed  by  the  board.  Un- 
der the  pension  rules,  three  classes  are 
provided: 

( 1 )  Pensions  for  compulsory  retire- 
ment, to  be  granted  employees  who  have 
been  20  years  or  longer  in  the  service, 
and  who  have  reached  the  age  of  70  years 
for  men,  and  60  years  for  women. 

(2)  Pensions  for  retirement  by  re- 
quest, granted  to  employees  who  have 
been  20  years  or  longer  in  the  service, 
and  who  have  reached  the  age  of  60 
years  for  men  and  50  years  for  women. 

(3)  For  permanent  incapacity,  grant- 
ed to  employees  who  have  become  per- 
manently and  totally  incapacitated 
through  no  fault  of  their  own.  The 
monthly  pension  to  be  paid  will  be  or 
the  following  basis:  For  each  yeai 
of  service,  1  per  cent,  of  the  average 
regulary  monthly  pay  received  during  thf 
last  10  years  of  service,  provided  tha 
no  pension  shall  be  more  than  SlOO  Oi 
less  than  $12  per  month. 


Mine   Rescue  Stations 


The  Bureau  of  Mines  has  announcet 
the  situation  of  mine  rescue  stations  an( 
headquarters  for  the  mine  rescue  ears 
with  their  official  numbers.  There  are  ii 
service  six  rescue  stations  and  seven  first 
aid  cars  as  follows:  Stations — No.  I 
Pittsburg,  Penn.;  No.  2,  Urbana,  111.;  No  ' 
3,  Knoxville,  Tenn.;  No.  4,  McAlesftt 
Okla.;  No.  5,  Seattle,  Wash.;  No.  fi' 
Birmingham,  Ala.  Cars— No.  1,  Wilkes' 
Barre,  Penn.;  No.  2,  Trinidad,  Colo.;  Nc 
3,  Evansville,  Ind.;  No.  4,  Rock  Springs 
Wyo.;  No.  5,  Billings,  Mont.;  No.  f 
Huntington,  W.  Va. ;  No.  7,  Pittsburg. 


The  level  of  Great  Salt  lake  is  sfi 
falling.  According  to  a  reading  mad 
Nov.  15  on  the  Weather  Bureau  gage,  th 
lake  is  5  ft.  above  zero.  The  level  i 
1/10  of  a  foot  below  what  it  was  Noi 
1,  and  is  exactly  the  same  as  it  was  No\ 
15   last   year. 


I 


December  17.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   .lOURNAL 


1209 


Mine  Surveying  Methods  Employed  at  Butte,  Mont . 

Single-wire  Shaft  Plumbing  Preferable  to  Double  Where  Possible.     Timber 
Sets  Plotted  as  Notes  Are  Recorded.     Engineers  Make  Full  Montlily  Reports 


B     Y 


PAUL 


A 


It  is  my  practice  to  run  all  surveys, 
both  surface  and  underground,  from  an 
established  base  line  about  500  ft.  long 
situated  on  firm  ground  under  which 
there  has  been  no  stoping.  This  base  line 
is  marked  by  two  iron  pipes  6  ft.  long  set 
in  concrete.  An  iron  plug  with  a  small 
hole  drilled  in  the  center  for  the  survey 
point  is  screwed  into  the  exposed  end  of 
each  pipe.  The  elevations  of  these  points 
above  sea  level  are  ascertained  and  all 
levels  are  also  run  from  these. 

The  Surface  Map 

The  surface  surveys  consist  of  the  lo- 
cation of  claim  corners,  shafts,  buildings, 
tracks,  roads,  fences,  open  cuts,  pipe 
lines,  tanks,  etc.  The  surface  maps  show 
these  and  also  5-ft.  contours.  The  plat- 
ling  is  done,  on  the  scale  of  40  ft.  to  1  in., 
from   coordinates.     The   coordinate    lines 


I 


now  taken  into  the  mine  and  set  up  on 
the  station  to  which  the  plumbing  is 
being  made.  Taking  the  wire  for  a 
backsight,  measuring  the  distance  from 
the  wire  to  the  transit,  and  assuming  the 
course  from  the  wire  to  the  transit,  the 
angle  to  a  point  ahead  is  turned  and 
the  survey  continued  to  the  other  shaft. 
A  wire,  No.  2,  is  dropped  down  this  shaft 
from  the  surface  and  its  coordinate  posi- 
tion on  the  surface  determined  in  the 
same  way  as  at  the  first  shaft.  From 
the  last  point  of  the  underground  survey, 
the  angle  to  the  wire  No.  2  is  turned  and 
the  distance  measured. 

Calculations  for  Single  Wire  Plumb- 
ing 

The  coordinate  positions  of  the  two 
wires  on  top  being  known,  the  course  and 
distance  between  the  wires  is  calculated. 


'-4 

J\ 

f     1^ 

p. 

H 

€llJJ     / 

\i 

^ 

^  w 

r5r 


iMmn 


Tlui  Eiitiineonuff  ^  Miriiitu  Journiil 

Fig.  1.   Plumbing  Board  for  Shaft  Work 


re  200  ft.  apart,  making  5-in.  squares  on 
le  maps,  which  are  made  on  mounted 
aper,  both  roll  and  flat  maps  being  used, 
he  latter  are  38x44  inches. 

Shaft  Plumbing 

From  the  base  line,  surveys  are  run  to 
)ints  near  the  various  shafts,  one  point 
■ing  located  directly  in  front  of  one  of 
e  compartments  of  the  shaft.  From 
re  the  survey  is  carried  underground  by 
ther  a  double-  or  single-wire  plumb- 
.;.  It  is  always  preferable  to  make 
>i;le-wire  plumbings  when  possible,  but 
ey  can  only  be  made  to  levels  connect- 
2  two  shafts. 

In  making  a  single-wire  plumbing  one 
re  is  dropped  down  the  shaft  and  from 
■station  on  top.  the  angle  to  the  wire  is 
rned    and    the    distance    to    the    wire 

Tsured.       The     COOT-Htn^ite    Do^itinn  of 
wire  is  thus  determined.     This  wire 

il  be  called  No.   1.    The  instrument  is 

'MInlni:   pncinocr.    Itiilli'.    Mnn(. 


The  underground  notes  arc  now  reduced, 
using  the  coordinates  of  wire  No.  1  and 
assuming  the  course  from  the  wire  to  the 
first  point.  The  coordinate  position  of 
wire  No.  2,  thus  determined,  will  not  be 
the  same  as  in  the  surface  survey  to  the 
wire,  nor  will  the  calculated  course  be- 
tween the  wires  underground  be  the 
same,  but  the  distance  between  the  wires 
as  calculated  from  underground  notes 
should  be  the  same  as  the  distance  cal- 
culated from  the  surface  survey  if  the 
work  is  correct.  Suppose  the  course 
between  the  two  wires  on  top  is  south  45 
deg.  10  min.  east  and  the  course  between 
the  two  wires  as  figured  from  under- 
ground notes  is  found  to  be  south  36  deg. 
8  min.  east.  The  angle  of  correlation  will 
he.  the  difference  between  these  two 
courses  or  P  deg.  2  min.  to  the  left.  This 
correction  must  be  applied  to  all  of  the 
assumed  courses.  In  making  a  single- 
wire  plumbing  all  that  is  needed  is  a  reel 
to  carry  the  wire,  as  it  is  not  necessary 


G      O     W  =^ 

to  bring  the  wire  to  any  particular  posi- 
tion, and  after  letting  it  out  it  can  be  tied 
to  a  nail  in  a  lagging  thrown  across  the 
shaft. 

Procedure  for  Double-Wire  Plumbing 

In  double-wire  plumbing,  however,  the 
plumbing  board  shown  in  Fig.  1  is  used. 
The  reels  carry  the  wires  and  are  inov- 
able  along  the  board  so  that  the  longest 
base  for  the  clearance  of  the  wires  may 
be  obtained.  Under  each  reel  is  a  lug 
with  a  vertical  slot  at  the  end  in  which 
the  wire  rests  when  let  out.  These  lugs 
carrying  the  wires  may  be  moved  in  or 
out  to  bring  the  wires  in  line  with  the 
transit. 

A  lagging  is  nailed  on  each  side  of  the 
shaft  about  four  feet  above  the  collar 
to  support  the  plumbing  board.  The  wires 
are  brought  approximately  into  line  with 
the  transit  by  shifting  the  plumbing  board 
on  the  lagging.  The  reels  are  then  set 
so  that  the  wires  will  clear  the  wall 
plates  when  lowered.  Both  wires  should 
not  be  lowered  at  the  same  time  as  they 
are  apt  to  swing  and  tangle.  Fifteen- 
pound  bobs  made  in  the  form  of  a  cross 
are  attached  to  the  wires  and  hung  in 
buckets  of  water  with  about  an  inch  of 
oil  on  top  of  the  water.  After  the  bobs 
have  been  attached,  the  wires  are  set,  a 
sight  being  taken  on  the  further  wire 
from  the  transit  and  the  nearer  wire 
moved  into  line  by  screwing  the  lug  in 
or  out.  After  the  wires  have  been  set 
and  examined  to  see  that  they  are  clear, 
the  angle  from  the  backsight  to  the  wires 
is  taken,  the  distance  to  the  nearer  wire, 
and  the  length  of  base  or  distance  be- 
tween wires  are  measured.  This  gives 
the  course  of  the  wires  and  the  coordin- 
ates of  each. 

Lining  in  the  Transit 

In  "taking  off"  the  wires  underground, 
the  transit  may  be  lined  in.  The  course 
from  the  wires  to  the  transit  is  then  the 
same  as  the  course  of  the  wires  them- 
selves. A  sight  is  taken  on  the  wires 
and  the  angle  to  the  foresight  read.  With 
the  transit  set  on  the  foresight  a  second 
point  is  set  in  line.  The  distances  of  the 
nearer  wire  to  the  transit  and  the  tran- 
sit to  the  first  point  in  line  are  measured. 
This  determines  the  course  of  the  two 
survey  points  and  the  coordinate  of  one 
of  them  from  which  the  survey  of  the 
level  can  be  continued. 

Some  engineers  prefer  to  set  up  the 
transit  at  a  point  a  little  to  one  side  of 
the  line  of  the  wires  and  read  the  angle 


1210 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


between  the  wires,  repeating  the  reading 
at  least  10  times.  After  these  angles  have 
been  taken  the  instrument  is  again  set 
on  zero  and  the  angle  from  one  of  the 
wires  to  a  point  ahead  is  tal^en.  The  dis- 
tances from  the  instrument  to  each  wire 
are  measured  and  the  distance  between 
the  wires  checked.  In  order  to  avoid 
having  the  helper  stand  in  the  shaft  to 
illuminate  the  wires  five  or  six  candles 
are  placed  in  a  candle  box  having  tracing 
cloth  tacked  over  the  front  and  this  is 
hung  on  a  nail  behind  the  wires. 

Calculation  of   Underground  Course 

If  the  angle  between  the  wires  has  been 
taken,  the  course  from  the  wire  used  as  a 
backsight,  to  the  transit  must  be  calcu- 
lated. Designating  the  angles  at  the  wires 
as  A  and  B,  at  the  instrument  as  C  and 
calling  the  opposite  sides  of  the  triangle 
marked  by  these  points,  a,  b  and  c,  tan 

-  ^  a  +  b 

/I  +  B  —  180  deg.  —  C.  Angles  A  and  B 
are  thus  obtained  and  the  course  A-C  or 
B-C  determined. 

Application  of  Each  Shaft-Plumbing 
Method 

If  the  method  of  taking  the  angle  be- 
tween the  wires  is  used  the  point  should 
be  placed  so  that  this  angle  will  not  be 


iBBfl  Shaft 


Raise  and  TCinze 


ESII  Raise 

licjManway  and  Chute 

\^W\\  Winze  Tlta'EiL'jin^L'ring  $  MittiugJjurnal 

Fig.  2.    Legend  Used  on  Maps 

greater  than  10  min.,  for  when  the  angle 
is  small  slight  errors  in  the  measurements 
will  not  affect  the  final  results  and  by 
repeating  the  angle  10  times  an  error  in 
the  angle  of  only  a  few  seconds  is  pos- 
sible. In  making  single-wire  plumbings 
it  is  generally  most  satisfactory  to  plumb 
not  over  600  ft.  If  it  is  required  to  make 
a  plumbing  from  the  surface  to  the  1000- 
ft.  level,  instead  of  dropping  the  wires 
from  the  surface  to  that  level  it  is  best 
to  plumb  to  the  500-ft.  level  and  then 
make  another  plumbing  from  there  to  the 
1000-ft.  level.  If  the  wires  are  dropped 
1000  ft.  at  one  plumbing  it  takes  some 
time  for  them  to  come  to  rest  if  the  shaft 
is   wet  or  windy. 

This  does  not  apply  to  single-wire 
plumbings  for  the  reason  that  in  the 
single-wire  method  the  courses  are  cal- 
culated from  the  coordinates  of  two 
wires  perhaps  several  thousand  feet  apart 
and  if  the  wires  should  swing  slightly  or 
even  one-tenth  of  a  foot  the  error  in 
the  course  between  the  wires  would  be 
negligible.  In  the  double-wire  method 
with  a  base  of  from  3  to  3.5  ft.  a  very 


slight  movement  or  swing  of  the  wires 
will  throw  the  courses  out  appreciably. 
In  wet  and  windy  shafts  the  swing  of  the 
wires  is  irregular  and  it  is  difficult  to 
split  the  distance  of  the  swing. 

Double-wire  plumbings  are  always 
made  twice  and  for  ordinary  work  should 
check  within  two  minutes. 

Notes  on  General  Underground  Sur- 
veying Practice 

Survey  points  in  the  mine  are  marked 
by  brass  screw-eyes  driven  into  plugs 
which  are  marked  by  numbered  brass 
tags.  The  transit  is  always  set  up  under 
the  point.  When  a  drift  is  timbered  and 
it  is  impossible  to  put  plugs  in  the 
back  the  point  is  put  on  a  cap.  Points 
on  timber  often  hold  for  a  considerable 
time,  but  when  the  timbers  take  much 
weight  they  are  quite  apt  to  move. 

Some  engineers  prefer  to  take  deflec- 
tion angles,  while  others  prefer  to  read 
all  angles  to  the  right.  In  either  case 
the  angles  are  doubled  to  avoid  errors 
in  reading.  In  taking  deflection  angles  a 
sight  is  taken  to  the  station  back  of  the 
instrument  and  the  telescope  is  then 
reversed    and   the    angle   turned    right   or 


December  17,  1910. 


Running  the  Instrument 


While  the  engineer  is  setting  up  the 
transit  the  helper  hangs  up  the  back- 
sight lamp  and  then  goes  ahead  to  put  in 
the  point  for  the  foresight.  From  this 
point  the  helper  hangs  a  plumb  bob  and 
gives  the  sight  by  holding  a  candle  shaded 
by  a  piece  of  tracing  cloth  behind  the 
plumb  line.  After  the  angle  has  been 
taken  and  doubled,  the  distance  is  meas- 
ured with  a  100-ft.  tape  graduated  to 
tenths  and  hundredths  for  the  entire 
length.  In  case  the  distance  is  over 
100  ft.,  one  point  or  as  many  as  re- 
quired are  lined  in.  Horizontal  distances 
are  measured,  no  vertical  angles  being 
taken  except  in  surveying  raises.  The 
instrument  man  holds  the  zero  end  of 
the  tape  on  the  instrument  and  the  helper 
reads  the  tape.  Moving  it  up  and  dowr 
on  the  plumb  line  and  reading  the  short- 
est measurement. 

Surveying    Drifts    and   Crosscuts 

All  the  timbers  are  located  when  thi 
survey  is  made  and  platted  on  th> 
map.  In  locating  the  timbers  betweei 
two   survey   points,   the   position   of  th 


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n. 

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Z'^  'A9 

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3^6' Z6' 

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Zg3°  'f-z' 

ztf-i^q 

Z07°Z'f-' 

Fig.  3.     Form  of  Transit  Notes  Kept  in  Note  Book 


left  to  the  station  ahead.  Deflection  an- 
gles simplify  the  reducing  of  the  notes 
but  in  using  this  method  a  fine  adjust- 
ment of  the  line  of  collimation  must  be 
made. 

The  accompanying  cut.  Fig.  3,  of  por-. 
tion  of  a  note-book  page  shows  the  way 
the  notes  are  recorded,  the  upper  half 
being  deflection  angles  and  the  lower 
half  angles   read   to   the   right. 

In  the  first  column  is  the  number  of 
the  backsight,  of  the  point  over  the  tran- 
sit and  of  the  foresight;  column  two  is 
for  left  or  right  when  deflection  angles 
are  taken;  column  three  for  the  angle; 
column  four  for  the  distance,  and  column 
five  for  the  double  angle.  Traverse 
tables  are  used  in  reducing  the  notes. 
Sketches  showing  the  general  lay-out  are 
made  on  the  opposite  page  in  the  note- 
book. Projections  along  the  veins  are 
made  from  the  sketches  and  notes.  By 
the  use  of  a  back-sight  lamp  (described 
on  page  1097  of  the  Journal,  Dec.  3, 
1910),  a  great  deal  of  time  and  walking 
back  and  forth  are  saved,  as  each  instru- 
ment man  has  only  one  helper. 


set  at  each  point  is  gotten  by  meast) 
ing  each  way  from  the  point  along  t 
cap  to  the  posts.  If  the  sets  are  straig 
and  regular  between  the  two  points,  tl 
work  also  locates  the  -intermediate  se 
If.  however,  there  is  a  turn  in  the  dr 
and  the  timbers  swing  with  the  drift, 
is  necessary  to  "shine"  each  set  whe 
a  turn  occurs  and  measure  the  girts. 

Each  square  on  the  cross-section  pa 
of   the   note  book   represents   a  set,  a 
even    when    a    curve    is    surveyed    it 
platted  in  the  note  book,  as  a  rule  p 
ting  down  the  measurements.     In  "sh ' 
ing"   timbers  the   instrument  is  left 
on  the   foresight  and   at  each  set  to 
"shined"    the    helper    moves    his   can 
along  the  cap  till   it  is  in  line  and  tl 
blackens    the    cap    at    that    point.      1 
offset  to  each  post  is  then  measured. 

In  surveying  raises  the  top  or  s 
telescope  is  used.  When  the  side  t( 
scope  is  used  the  angle  is  turned  I 
to  the  right  and  then  to  the  left  and 
iTiean  course  taken.  When  merely  Io( 
ing  the  top  of  a  raise  or  in  mak 
short     connections     from     the     tops 


December  17,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1211 


raises,   a   clinometer   and    compass   sur- 
vey  is   sufficiently    accurate. 

Office    Calculations    and    Recording 

The  engineer  and  his  helper  each  have 
a  computation  book  in  which  all  the 
work  of  reducing  the  notes  and  all 
calculations  are  kept.  Each  works  inde- 
pendently in  order  to  check  the  work. 
Figures  from  the  computation  book  are 
posted  in  a  ledger,  a  page  of  which  is 
shown  in  Fig.  4.  The  ledgers  contain 
two  hundred  ll'4.\16-in.  pages. 

A  separate  plan  is  kept  for  each  level 
and  in  platting  the  w-ork  shafts,  raises, 
winzes,  manways  and  chutes  are  indi- 
cated as  in  Fig.  2.  Each  crosscut, 
lateral,  drift  and  raise  is  given  a  num- 
ber by  which  it  is  shown  on  the  map  and 
marked  in  the  mine.  On  the  100-ft.  level 
numbers  from  101  lo  199,  inclusive,  are 
used;  on  the  200- ft.  level  numbers  from 
201  to  299,  etc.  A  record  of  all  num- 
bers is  kept  in  a  number  book  in  which 
columns  are  headed:  ""Number — De- 
scription— From — Remarks."  Under  the 
column    headed    "Description"    is    placed 


those  used  in  the  mine,  except  that  they 
are  bound  in  leather,  are  kept  and  posted 
from  the  mine  books.  From  the  plans 
and  stope  books,  longitudinal  projections 
oi  all  the  stopcs  are  made  on  the  scale 
of  100  ft.  to  1  in.  A  separate  projec- 
tion for  each  lode  is  made  and  when  a 
split  in  the  vein  occurs  the  split  is  platted 
separately.  The  plane  of  projection  is 
taken  parallel  to  the  average  strike  of 
the  vein.  The  trace  of  the  plane  is 
drawn  on  each  plan  and  a  common  zero 
point  taken.  The  same  zero  point  is 
taken  on  all  levels  for  that  vein.  The 
zero  can  be  located  in  any  convenient 
position  provided  the  same  coordinate 
position  of  the  zero  point  is  used  on  all 
the  different  levels.  If  different  zero 
points  were  taken  on  the  various  levels, 
the  workings  on  one  level  would  not  oc- 
cupy the  correct  position  with  reference 
to  the  work  on  others. 

Projections  of  Stope  Work 

A  strip  of  paper  about  two  inches  wide 
and   of  required   length   is   laid   over  the 
trace  of  the  plane  of  projection,  overlap- 
Level 


Fig.  4.  Page  from  Ledger  for  Recording  Survey  Records 


MINING  ENGINEER'S  REPORT. 
For  Month  Ending 


Eitmcted 

Cubk  Yd. 


WMte 


L.iterals 

and 
Croawuts 
■  Ft. 


WIn.t.     |«itl'ii.til||.rirtt„.i.ilp„„,  sV:,,  '   j,,,„ 
n  Wai(eSh3!»SunkShafl  Sunt    &m,l       Cjmji.nw 


Lin.  Ft.  I  Ma.  Ft. 


Lin.  Ft.  I  Lin.  Ft,. 


Diamond- 
Prill 
lloU-s 
Lie.  Ft. 


EEMAHKS 


Till  Knuinetring  i Mining  Journal 


merely  indicates  the  advancements  made 
on  the  different  levels  during  the  pre- 
ceding month.  The  headings  on  the 
sheets  used  for  these  reports  are:  "Lo- 
cation —  Advanced  —  Total  —  Addi- 
tional Proposed — Remarks."  The  sec- 
ond is  a  more  detailed  report  of  all 
work  done  in  the  mine  during  the  pre- 
vious month.  The  number  of  cubic 
yards  of  ore  is  obtained  from  the  stope 
books,  each  floor  being  reported  and  a 
total  arrived  at  for  each  level.  The  form 
used  for  the  final  monthly  engineer's  re- 
port is  shown  in  Fig.  5. 


A  Modern  Coal  Transfer  Plant 

The  Grasbrook  gas  works,  Hamburg, 
Germany,  has  recently  installed  a  modern 
plant  for  transferring  coal  from  the  hold 
of  vessels  to  pockets  near  the  furnaces 
or  to  barges.  All  of  the  work  is  performed 
by  mechanical  appliances.  In  bringing  the 
jib  into  working  position,  it  does  not 
swing  out  over  the  vessel  in  the  usual 
v.-ay.  There  is  a  special  support  on  two 
hinged  rods  which  enables  the  jib  to  slide 
under  the  ship's  tackle  and  thus  make 
room  for  the  action  of  the  clam-shell 
buckets,  without  interfering  with  the 
tackle,  especially  on  sailing  vessels.  The 
jib  forms  a  continuous  track  from  directly 
over  the  center  of  the  hold  to  the  pocket 
which  delivers  coal  to  conveyers.  The 
work  is  simple  and  the  plant  has  an  hour- 
ly capacity  of  100  tons.  It  is  said  that 
the  cost  of  unloading  is  3'^id.  per  ton 
instead  of  the  former  cost  of  fi^d.  The 
gas  works  handles  about  360,000  tons  per 
year.  The  plant  was  installed  by  Adolph 
Bleichert  &  Co.,  of  Leipzig,  Germany. 


Fig.  5.    Engineer'-  Final  Monthly  Report 


Chilean  Nitrate  Outlook 


such  information  as  "Crosscut  South, 
Lateral  East,"  etc.;  where  the  crosscut, 
^  lateral,  drift  or  raise  starts  is  shown 
under  "From"  and  any  additional  re- 
marks are  noted  in  the  last  column. 

Stope  Measurement  and  Mapping 

Once  a  month  the  stopes  are  surveyed 
and  all  work  done  in  the  mine  during  the 
previous  month  measured  up.  Books 
made  of  cross-section  paper  with 
mounted  paper  backs  are  used  in  re- 
cording stope  measurements.  A  sepa- 
rate sheet  is  used  for  each  stope  floor 
and  each  square  represents  a  set.  The 
sets  arp  countPd  east  and  west,  and 
north  and  south  from  assumed  zero  lines, 
and  posts  are  "scribed"  at  convenient 
places  by  circles  around  the  dots  repre- 
senting the  posts.  The  width  of  the  vein 
at  each  set  is  taken  and  the  work  each 
month  is  shown  by  the  date  in  the  book. 
In  figuring  the  ore  extracted  the  sum  of 
the  width  for  that  month  is  taken  on 
each  floor  and  the  number  of  cubic  yards 
obtained  by  means  of  tables. 

A  set  of  office  stope  books  exactly  like 


ping  it  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch.  On 
top  of  this  a  ftraight-edge  is  laid  along 
the  trace  of  the  plane.  Sliding  a  triangle 
along  the  straight-edge,  the  zero  point  is 
projected  on  the  strip  of  paper.  In  the 
same  way,  every  tenth  set,  raises — bot- 
tom and  top — main  crosscuts  and  shafts 
are  projected  on  the  strip  of  paper.  Then 
taking  up  the  straight-edge  and  strip 
of  p9P"r  the  distances  from  the  zero  are 
scaled  and  laid  out  on  the  projection 
and  every  tenth  set  marked.  The  floors 
are  platted  from  the  stope  books.  Ele- 
vation lines  across  the  sheet  are  drawn 
for  every  200  ft.  or  2  in.  apart.  From 
these  elevation  lines  the  levels  are  laid 
out.  These  projections  are  posted  twice 
a  year  and  are  used  in  figuring  out  the 
ore  reserves.  Each  year's  work  is  given 
a  different  color  on  the  m?p.  In  figur- 
ing the  ore  reserves  the  average  width 
of  the  vein  is  taken  from  the  stope  books. 
The  size  of  the  sheets  used  for  the  pro- 
jections is  38x44  inches. 

Two  reports  are  made  by  the  engineer 
on  the  first  of  each  month.  The  ad- 
vance   report    is    made    on    a    form    that 


Notwithstanding  the  low  prices  for  ni- 
trate prevailing  during  the  last  year,  it  is 
Consul  A.  A.  Winslow's  opinion  that  the 
nitrate  industry  in  Chile  has  made  good 
progress  during  1910.  During  the  first 
nine  months  of  1910  there  were  3,942,648 
tons  of  nitrate  produced  against  3,200,039 
tons  during  the  same  period  of  1909,  and 
3,092,506  tons  exported  against  2,847,- 
564  tons  in  1909.  The  world  consump- 
tion was  4,399.698  tons  for  the  first  nine 
months  of  1910  against  3,612,020  tons  for 
the  same  period  in   1909. 

American  interests  have  taken  over 
several  nitrate  plants  during  this  period 
and  are  negotiating  for  several  more.  A 
number  of  new  works  have  been  opened, 
and  most  of  the  well  equipped  plants 
have  run  at  full  capacity,  and  apparently 
a'  a  good  profit.  Exports  to  the  United 
States  have  increased  rapidly,  being  120,- 
618  tons  in  1907;  335,722  tons  in  1908; 
and  last  year,  458,081  tons. 


A  deposit  of  talc  has  been  found  near 
Eldorado,  in  Madoc  tow"ship,  Ontario, 
by  W.  Hungerford.  who  "I'l  develop  the 
property   and  install   a   mi!!. 


1212 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


Presentation  of  John  Fritz  Medal  to  Alfred  Noble 


BY  ROSSITER  W.  RAYMOND  * 


This  is  another  of  those  pleasant  oc- 
casions which  carry  a  deep  double  signi- 
ficance, because  they  set  forth  the  sol- 
idarity of  the  art  of  engineering  and  also 
the  fraternal  fellowship  of  engineers.  In 
the  art  there  is  no  one  branch  that  does 
not  call  upon  every  other.  In  the  frater- 
nity we  are  all  fellows.  Hence,  while 
I  accept  with  grateful  pride  the  per- 
sonal honor  of  addressing  this  distin- 
guished company,  I  need  offer  no  explan- 
ation or  apology  for  your  selection  of  a 
representative  of  mining  engineers  to  ex- 
press the  recognition  which  we  all  spon- 
taneously render  to  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent and  best  beloved  of  American  en- 
gineers. 

Alfred  Noble  was  born  in  1844  a:  Li- 
vonia, Wayne  county.  Michigan.  His 
father,  Charles  Noble,  was  a  farmer,  like 
most  of  our  pioneer  settlers  in  the  West. 
But  he  and  his  fellow  farmers  made  of 
their  adopted  State  a  notable  center  of  in- 
telligence and  industry.  When  Alfred 
Noble  was  born,  Michigan  had  been  but 
seven  years  a  State  of  the  Union;  yet 
she  had  already  begun  that  course  of 
material  and  intellectual  culture  which 
soon  placed  her  in  these  respects  abreast 
cf  the  most  favored  sections  of  the  coun- 
try. A  splendid  public-school  system, 
crowned  with  numerous  excellent  high 
schools  and  colleges,  and  a  great  uni- 
versity, represents  one  of  those  achieve- 
ments, while  colossal  enterprises  in  lum- 
bering, mining,  railroading,  manufactur- 
ing and  inland  navigation  represent  the 
other.  Our  free  institutions  and  our 
wonderful  age  have  furnished  no  keener 
stimulus  or  more  helpful  aid  to  the  am- 
bitions of  youth  than  those  which  sur- 
rounded, more  than  a  half  a  century  ago, 
the  sons  of  Michigan  farmers.  What 
wonder  that  this  farmer's  boy,  taught  in 
'he  district  free  school  and  the  village 
high  school,  dreamed  of  the  university, 
as  the  gateway  to  an  honorable  profes- 
sional career! 

Enlists  in  the  Union  Army 

Yet  in  him,  as  in  so  many  American 
boys  at  that  time,  there  was  one  passion 
stronger  than  personal  ambition — the 
love  of  country.  When  the  first  call 
to  arms  was  sounded  by  Lincoln,  Alfred 
Noble  was  too  young  to  be  accepted.  But 
in  August,  1862,  when  he  was  18  years 
old,  answering  the  more  important  call, 
and  volunteering,  not  for  a  brief,  easy 
and   victorious   campaign,    but    for   long, 


•I'ast  prp<il(li'nt  and  prpspnt  secretaiy  of 
llip   Ampi'k'iiii    Inatltutp  of  Mining   EnRlneeis. 

NoTK — Addrpss  at  llip  iiroscntnllon  <if  llio 
.lohn    t'"rlt/.  Kold   medal    to   Alfred   Nolile.   Nov. 


hard  service  of  the  Union,  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the  24th  Michigan  regi- 
ment. 

Oh,  those  Michigan  farmers'  sons, 
who,  far  from  home,  and  defending  not 
the  soil  of  their  own  State,  but  the  wid- 
er, grander  cause  of  the  nation,  grimly, 
loyally,  saw  the  thing  through,  until  the 
last  straight  furrow  had  been  plowed  and 
the  last  field  sowed  in  blood  for  the  har- 
vest of  peace!  In  the  West  and  the  East 
ore  the  honored  graves  of  a  host  of  them, 
who  fell  by  the  way;  but  not  less  worthy 
of  eternal  praise  are  they  who  survived. 
The  24th  Michigan  belonged  to  the  sore- 
ly tested  and  grandly  faithful  Army  of 
the  Potomac;  and  through  three  terri- 
ble years  Alfred  Noble  served  with  his 
regiment  in  the  famous  1st  corps  of  that 
army,  consolidated,  after  Reynolds  fell  at 
Gettysburg,  with  the  5th  corps  under 
Warren.  During  the  firct  day  at  Gettys- 
burg, this  regiment  lost  300  in  killed  and 
wounded,  out  of  the  460  who  went  into 
the  fight.  The  figures  speak  for  them- 
selves, and  what  they  mean,  perhaps  only 
an  old  soldier  fully  understands. 

E.X-S0LDIER  Prepares  for  College 
At  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Noble  was 
discharged  with  the  rank  of  sergeant; 
and,  his  patriotic  duty  having  been  well 
done,  he  resumed  the  purpose  of  his 
youth.  His  record  as  a  veteran,  together 
with  his  proved  character  and  capacity, 
secured  for  him  a  clerical  position  in  the 
War  department,  which  he  filled  for  more 
than  a  year,  earning  the  money,  and,  by 
diligent  use  of  his  leisure  time,  acquir- 
ing the  necessary  scholastic  preparation 
for  a  university  course.  In  this  way  he 
more  than  fulfilled  the  requirements  for  a 
freshman,  and  in  September,  1867,  he 
was  admitted  as  a  sophomore  into  the 
University  of  Michigan,  where  he  was  grad- 
I'ated  in  June,  1870,  as  civil  engineer. 
Yet  during  these  three  years  he  was 
obliged  to  earn  his  expenses  as  a  student 
by  much  outside  work,  as  recorder  on  the 
U.  S.  Lake  Survey,  and  as  clerk,  and  af- 
terward assistant  engineer,  in  river  and 
harbor  work  on  the  east  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan. 

Let  me  pause  here  to  offer  a  reflection, 
suggested  by  this  history  of  a  "man.  I 
recently  had  occasion  to  recount,  in  a 
biographical  notice  of  another  distin- 
guished member  of  the  fraternity  of  en- 
gineers. Dr.  Charles  B.  Dudley,  of  Al- 
toona,  a  closely  similar  story — the  es- 
sential difference  being  that  in  that  case, 
the  hero  of  the  talc  had  died  before  the 
story  was  told.  But  Dudley,  like  Noble, 
put  his  country  first;  resumed,  in  maturer 
manhood,  with  unabated   ardor  the  pur- 


pose of  his  youth  after  the  patriot's  duty 
had  been  performed;  and  carried  out  that 
purpose  with  selfrespecting  manliness,  so 
that  at  the  end,  he  had  obeyed  the  apos- 
tolic injunction  to  owe  no  man  anything, 
except  love.  I  may  be  pardoned  if  I  re- 
peat in  slightly  different  words,  the  com- 
ment suggested  by  Doctor  Dudley's  ca- 
reer, namely,  that  the  time  thus  apparent- 
ly lost  in  obedience  to  higher  claims  is  not 
lost,  even  from  the  standpoint  of  tech- 
nical education.  A  man  who,  as  a 
soldier,  has  learned  how  to  be  a  com- 
rade and  also  how  to  obey,  is  qualified, 
as  no  other  training  can  qualify  him,  to 
command  and  to  direct.  And  one  who 
has  demonstrated  his  readiness  to  sacri- 
fice immediate  "gain  or  ease  to  patriotic 
duty  and  personal  honor  has  accumulated 
already  a  capital  of  characier  greater 
than  any  preliminary  school  teaching  can 
create.  And  finally,  such  a  man  gets 
double  benefit  from  the  school,  because 
he  knows  what  he  needs  and  seizes  upon 
it  with  a  man's  full  strength.  We  have 
had  many  academic  debates  concerning 
the  best  way  to  perfect  our  sons  in  both 
theory  and  practice,  but  when  Provi- 
dence gives  to  the  right  kind  of  a  man, 
in  its  own  order,  that  double  preparation, 
our  wisdom  is  silent   or  turned  to  praise! 

Commences  Engineering  Practice  in 
THE  Government  Service 

After  his  graduation,  Mr.  Noble  con- 
tinued his  work  on  the  harbor  surveys 
conducted  on  Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron 
by  the  U.  S.  corps  of  engineers,  and  in 
1870  was  placed  in  local  charge  of  the 
improvement  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  This 
position  he  retained  for  12  years,  a  period 
covering  the  construction  of  the  great 
masonry  lock  at  the  Sault,  at  that  time 
by  far  the  largest  canal  lock  in  the 
world.  In  1882,  after  its  completion,  Mr. 
Noble  resigned  his  position  to  become 
resident  engineer  for  G.  Bouscaron  in  the 
construction  of  the  truss  bridge  over  the 
Red  river,  at  Shreveport,  La.  Early  in 
1884,  he  was  appointed  general  assistant 
engineer  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
of  which  the  late  Gen.  Adna  Anderson 
was  then  chief  engineer.  During  the  next 
three  years,  Mr.  Noble  had  charge  of  the 
building  of  important  bridges,  including 
the  truss  bridge,  with  draw,  over  the 
Snake  river,  near  its  junction  with  the 
Columbia,  the  bridge  over  Clark's  fork 
of  the  Columbia  river,  the  bridge  over 
St.  Louis  bay,  on  Lake  Superior,  and  also 
the  foundation  and  construction  of  the 
Marent  Gulch  viaduct,  near  Missoula, 
Montana. 

In  August,  1886,  Mr.  Noble  removed  to 
New   York,  to  become  and   remain,  until 


December  17.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1213 


July,  1887,  resident  engineer  in  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Washington  steel-arch  bridge 
over  the  Harlem  river,  under  the  late  W. 
R.  Hutton  as  chief  engineer.  He  then 
took  charge  for  Messrs.  Morison  & 
Corthell  of  the  erection  of  the  bridge  at 
Cairo,  on  the  Ohio  river.  This  brought 
him  into  association  with  the  late  George 
S.  Morison,  whom  he  served  in  the  erec- 
tion of  the  great  cantilever  bridge  over 
the  Mississippi  at  Memphis,  and  other 
bridges  at  Belle  fontaine.  Leavenworth 
and  Alton.  Mr.  Morison's  high  opinion 
of  his  colleague  and  assistant  is  matter  of 
record. 

A  Member   of    Isthmian    Canal   Com- 
mission 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  in  this  contin- 
uous   activity    of    nearly    25    years,    Mr. 
Noble    had    neither    won    nor    sought    a 
newspaper    reputation.      He    had    never 
been  advertised  as  chief  engineer  of  any- 
thing.    He  had  merely  done  his  part,  loy- 
ally  and   efficiently,   in   every   enterprise 
with  which   he   had   been   connected,   im- 
pressing himself  upon  his  superiors  and 
associates  as  a  man  of  thorough  training, 
wide    experience    and    absolutely    trust- 
worthy character.    A  reputation  thus  ac- 
quired wears  well.     Engineers  were  not 
surprised   when,   in   April,    1895,   he    was 
ippointed  by  President  Cleveland  a  mem- 
ler  of  the  first  Nicaraguan  Canal  Com- 
nision.     Of  Mr.  Noble's  work  in  that  ca- 
•acity,  and  of  its  important  results,  I  shall 
lot  here  speak.     Nor  can  I,  in  the  brief 
le    at    my    disposal,   discuss    his    work 
a  member  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Com- 
lission   of    1899.    which    resulted    in   the 
doption  by  our  Government  of  the  pres- 
nt  scheme  of  the  Panama  canal.     When 
lis  subject  came   up   for  discussion   in 
:ongress,  Maj.  W.  H.  Wiley,  a  member 
f   the    House    of   Representatives,    pre- 
;nted   a   letter   from    Mr.   Noble,   stating 
!early  and  tersely  the  argument  in  favor 
f  a  lock  canal.     This  letter  was  printed 
1  the  Congressional  Record,  and  is  said 
1  have   influenced   decisively   the   action 
f  both  Houses. 

A  large  party  of  members  and  guests  of 

le    American    Institute    of    Mining    En- 

neers  has  recently  visited  the  Isthmus, 

id  the  opinions  of  its  members,  com- 

ising   experts   in   every   department   of 

0   work   of  canal   construction,   will   be 

ily   published    by   the   Institute.     Let    it 

ffice  tn  sav  here  that  they  confirm  the 

■ition  taken  by  Mr.  Noble  with  regard 

that  work. 

IR.  Noble's  Work  on  U.  S.  Deep  ^X'A- 
TERWAY  Commission 

I  But  I  must  go  back  a  little,  in  order  to 
|:ntion  what  seems  to  me  to  be  one  of 
Ije  greatest,  if  not  the  very  greatest,  of 
I  engineering  investigations  with  which 
lr.  Noble  has  been  connected.  I  refer 
1  the  labors  of  the  U.  S.  Dppd  Waterway 
l)mmission  appointed  in  1897  to  conduct 
Irveys   for   a   deep   waterway    from    the 


Great  Lakes  to  tide-water.  This  body 
spent  half  a  million  dollars  in  its  investi- 
gations; fixed  21  ft.  as  the  most  economic 
depth;  proved  the  most  practicable  route 
to  be  via  Lake  Ontario  and  the  Oswego 
and  Mohawk  rivers;  examined  by  bor- 
ings, etc.,  every  part  of  that  route,  and 
determined  the  nature  and  cost  of  the 
work  (in  every  particular  except  the 
price  of  the  private  property  to  be  pur- 
chased or  condemned  for  it)  so  accu- 
rately that  a  contractor  might  safely  have 
based  his  bid  for  any  section  upon  its  re- 
port. I  have  never  encountered  in  the 
literature  of  engineering,  and  I  doubt 
whether  that  literature  contains,  a  dis- 
cussion so  thorough,  exhaustive  and  con- 
clusive. Before  that  report  had  been  pre- 
pared, the  estimates  of  engineers — I  mean 
such  guesses  as  engineers  sometimes  per- 
mit themselves  to  make — had  varied  by  a 
hundred  million  dollars  as  to  the  cost  of 
the  proposed  waterway;  and  it  is  my  im- 
pression that  even  this  wide  variation  did 
rot  bring  them  within  a  hundred  millions 
of  the  truth.  Be  that  as  it  may,  the  re- 
port of  this  commission,  published  in 
1900,  will  always  retnain  a  monument  of 
professional  thoroughness,  and  a  model 
for  professional  imitation. 

Among  other  engineering  enterprises 
with  which  Mr.  Noble  was  connected  at 
this  period,  I  may  name  the  great  sea 
wall,  built  to  protect  the  city  of  Gal- 
veston, Texas,  against  a  recurrence  of  the 
disastrous  flood  of  1900,  and  the  bridge 
across  the  Mississippi  at  Thebes,  III., 
which  was  erected  by  him  in  partnership 
with  Ralph  Modjeski.  Moreover,  he  has 
been  employed  as  consulting  engineer  in 
connection  with  the  difficult  problems 
presented  by  the  foundations  of  some  of 
the  lofty  office  buildings  of  New  York 
City — structures  which  certainly  need  to 
be  planned  with  more  care  and  knowl- 
edge than  ordinary  architects  and  build- 
ers bring  to  such  tasks. 

His   Work    for  the   Pennsylvania 
Railroad 

But  the  latest  of  Mr,  Noble's  labors 
is  also,  perhaps,  the  most  important.  He 
was  appointed  in  1902  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Engineers  directing  the  opera- 
tions of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Com- 
pany (through  auxiliary  corporations  in 
New  York  and  New  Jersey)  in  tunneling 
under  the  North  and  East  rivers,  and  un- 
der the  borough  of  Manhattan,  establish- 
ing a  great  railway  station  on  Seventh 
avenue,  etc.  The  plans  approved  by  this 
board,  and  executed  under  its  direction, 
have  been  so  fully  described  in  recent 
papers  before  the  American  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers  and  the  American  Insti- 
tute of  Mining  Engineers  as  to  need  no 
recapitulation  here.  Mr.  Noble,  besides 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Board,  was, 
as  chief  engineer  of  the  East  River  Di- 
vision of  the  Pennsylvania,  New  York 
&  Long  Island  railroad,  directly  in  charge 
of  the  construction  of  the  tunnels   frcm 


Seventh  avenue  under  Manhattan  and  the 
East  river  to  the  portals  on  Long  Island, 
the  approaches  from  the  east,  and  the 
immense  terminal  yard  at  Long  Island 
City.  This  part  of  the  great  undertaking 
is  reported  to  have  cost  more  than  $30,- 
000,000.  One  thing  I  believe  I  may  safely 
say:  that  the  difficulties  encountered  in 
the  quicksands  and  the  decayed  and 
fractured  gneiss  pierced  by  the  tunnel 
under  the  East  river  were  much  more  se- 
rious, though  much  less  widely  reported 
in  the  newspapers,  than  those  presented 
by  the  glacial  silt  which  forms  the  bot- 
tom of  the  Hudson.  True  to  his  record, 
Alfred  Noble  advertised  neither  his  trials 
nor  his  triumphs,  but  simply  finished  his 
work,  without  interlocutory  appeals  to  the 
public.  At  the  end  of  1909,  that  work 
being  done,  he  resigned  his  position  as 
chief  engineer.  The  directing  Board  of 
Engineers,  having  concluded  its  work,  had 
closed  its  offices,  and,  I  believe,  ceased  to 
exist,  six  months  earlier.  Such  a  quiet, 
business-like,  unboastful  termination  of  a 
colossal  engineering  enterprise  was 
worthy,  in  its  simplicity,  of  the  great  men 
who  planned  it,  and  the  great  men  who 
cirried  it  nut. 

Mr.   Noble  as  a  Mining  Engineer 

Perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  to  say  that, 
in  this  particular  work,  Mr.  Noble  came 
nearest  to  the  heart  of  us  mining  engi- 
neers. For  several  years,  he  and  his 
associates  made  of  New  York  and  its 
vicinity  one  of  the  greatest  mining  camps 
in  the  world.  True,  in  all  their  tunneling, 
they  were  only  making  a  hole,  not  ex- 
tracting gold  or  silver  or  copper  from  it. 
Yet,  can  we  say  more  for  most  of  our 
mining  tunnels?  Do  they  not  too  often 
leave  us  with  the  hole  only  as  a  net  re- 
sult? After  all,  we  mining  engineers  do 
not  control  the  commercial  results  of  our 
borings  and  excavations.  Yet  we  are  too 
often  unjustly  held  responsible  for  such 
results;  and  we  cannot  but  congratulate 
this  mining  engineer,  whose  employers 
ask  only  that  he  shall  put  his  job  through, 
and  will  look  for  their  dividends  after- 
ward, not  to  the  contents  of  the  hole,  but 
to  the  use  of  the  hole  itself.  In  other 
words.  Mr.  Noble  has  been,  in  this  work, 
an  ideal  mining  engineer,  unhindered  by 
the  assayer,  the  millman,  the  economic 
geologist,  the  mining  law  or  the  stock 
market.  We  greet  him,  not  without  a 
touch  of  envy,  as  our  brother! 

In  this  connection,  let  me  voice  the 
opinion  of  mining  engineers  as  to  the 
manner  in  which  Mr.  Noble  conducted, 
under  land  and  sea,  with  the  minimum  of 
disturbance  to  the  surface,  his  extensive 
operations.  Some  of  us  (I  among  the 
ni-mber)  have  suggested  from  time  to 
time,  with  the  freedom  of  those  who 
were  not  responsible  for  the  results,  ways 
in  which  this  work  could  be  still  more 
quietly  and  safely  done.  But  all  of  us 
agree  that,  in  these  respects,  such  work 
never  has  been  better  done;  and  we  have 


1214 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


sense  enough  to  admire  and   praise  the 
man  who  directed  it. 

Mr.   Noble's   merits   have   been    recog- 
nized  in   various   ways   by    those    whose 
judgment  he  would  most  highly  value.    In 
1895,  his  university  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws, 
an    honor   which    was    repeated    in    1904 
by  the  University  of  Wisconsin;  in  1898, 
he  became  President  of  the  Western  So- 
ciety   of    Engineers;    in     1903,    he    was 
elected  President  of  the  American  Society 
of    Civil    Engineers     (of    which    he    had 
been  made  a  junior  in  1874,  and  a  mem- 
ber  in    1878).      His   membership    in    the 
ancient  Institution  of  Civil   Engineers  of 
Great  Britain    certifies    his    professional 
standing  abroad.  And  we  have  elected  him 
a  member  of  the  Engineers'  Club  of  this 
city,  in  testimony  that  he  is  not  only  an 
eminent  engineer,  but   a   congenial   com- 
panion  and   a  true    friend.     Yet   1    fancy 
that  not  one   of  these  distinctions— per- 
haps not  all  of  them  put  together— will 
outweigh   in   his  esteem   the   honor  con- 
ferred upon  him  tonight,  with  the  hearty 
professional    approval,   and   the   personal 
esteem   and   affection  of   American   engi- 
neers! 


ft.  for  the  half  year.  The  entire  profits 
were  £584,729,  of  which  £525,000  were 
disbursed  in  dividends  at  the  rate  of  17^ 
per  cent. 


Report  of  the  Simmer  and  Jack 
Proprietary  Mine 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 


The  Cuyuna    Range,  Minnesota 


The  report  of  the  Simmer  'and  Jack 
mine  for  the  half  year  ended  June  30, 
1910,  shows  a  total  of  920,303  tons  of  rock 
hoisted,  of  which  92,773  tons,  or  about  10 
per  cent,  were  rejected  by  hand  picking. 
Of  this  66.9  per  cent,  was  won  by  hand 
drilling,  30.5  per  cent,  by  machine  drill- 
ing, and  2.6  per  cent,  in  development 
work. 

Three  hundred  stamps  and  six  tube 
mills  crushed  821,400  tons  of  ore,  the 
stamp  duty  being  7.77  tons  per  day.  The 
gold  output  (£1,077,5861,  is  equal  to 
an  average  recovery  of  6.247  dwt.  per  ton, 
and  the  sand  residue  carried  0.4  to  0.5 
dwt.  per  ton. 

Battery  amalgamation  recovered  41.0 
per  cent,  of  the  total,  amalgamation  of 
tube-mill  product  25.6  per  cent.,  cyanida- 
tion  of  sands,  25.2  per  cent.,  and  cyanida- 
tion  of  slimes,  8.2  per  cent.  The  costs 
per  ton  mined  were ;  mining,  SI  .47 ;  pump- 
ing, 0.06;  transportation,  crushing,  sort- 
ing, 0.11;  stamp  milling,  0.28;  tube  mill- 
ing, 0.16;  sand  treatment.  0.25;  slime 
treatment,  0.09;  general  expenses,  0.27; 
development,  0.15;  repairs,  0.22;  total, 
$3.06. 

The  ore  reserves  equal  2,690.000  tons 
of  fully  developed  ore,  with  a  tenor  of 
6.3  dwt.  per  ton,  beside  several  thousand 
tons  of  unknown  or  only  partially  deter- 
mined value.  This  is  equivalent  to  a  three 
years'  supply  of  ore  to  the  mills.  The 
total  development  work  amounted  to  9096 


The  Cuyuna  Range  occupies  a  strip 
of  territory  about  10  by  30  miles  along 
the  north  side  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad,  from  Aitkin  to  Brainerd,  with  a 
bearing  of  about  south  75  deg.  west. 
Diamond-drill  work  has  been  done  at 
least  20  miles  southwest  of  Brainerd,  and 
the  presence  of  iron  ore  has  been  shown. 
This  would  make  the  range  at  least  50 
miles   long. 

The  surrounding  country  is  more  or 
less  rolling  from  Aitkin  westward.  East 
of  Aitkin  it  is  quite  flat.  There  are  a 
number  of  lakes  occupying  basins  be- 
tween the  small  hills.  The  orebodies  are 
usually  narrow  and  deep,  which  pre- 
cludes steam-shovel  work.  The  drill 
records  indicate  that  there  are  at  least 
three  parallel  ore-bearing  formations. 
The  strata  have  been  sharply  folded 
along  a  northeast  and  southwest  axis. 
The  orebodies  so  far  encountered  dip 
about  60  deg.  to  the  south  and  have  an 
overburden  of  sand  and  gravel  varying 
from  50  to  100  ft.  thick.  Unlike  the 
Mesabi  district  the  ground  is  free  from 
boulders. 

Ore  Higher  in  Silica  than  Mesabi  Ore 

The  ore  as  a  rule  is  lower  grade  than 
the  Mesabi  ore  and  also  contains  a  high 
percentage  of  silica.  The  ore  near  the 
walls  contains  streaks  of  almost  pure 
white  silica  sand  and  there  are  occasional 
quartz  stringers  and  crystals  scattered 
through  the  ore. 

The  advent  of  the  Soo  railroad  will  be 
of  great  benefit  to  this  section,  as  it 
gives  a  direct  line  for  shipment  to  the 
Soo  docks  at  Duluth  or  Ashland.  The 
road  is  completed  into  the  village  of  Cuy- 
una with  the  grading  practically  complete 
to  Crosby  and  Ironton.  The  road  follows 
closely  the  iron  formation.  A  short  spur 
was  completed  recently  to  the  Kennedy 
mine. 


early  next  spring.  From  15  to  18  men 
are  employed  per  eight-hour  shift  un- 
derground. 

The  company  is  now  building  a  brick 
and  steel  dry  house  to  accommodate  150 
men.  The  building  is  fireproof  through- 
out. The  roof  is  made  of  cement  on  an 
expanded-metal  sheathing.  The  new  ma- 
chine shop  is  of  similar  design  and  is 
now  under  construction. 

Work  at  Crosby 

On  the  property  near  Crosby  the  Foun- 
dation Company,  of  New  York,  has  fin- 
ished sinking  a  95-ft.  concrete  shaft.  The 
shaft  is  11x14  ft.  and  will  have  five  com- 
partments. The  mining  company  will 
continue  sinking  the  shaft  to  a  depth  of 
about  200  ft.  The  Foundation  company 
is  starting  on  another  shaft  near  Ironton, 
which  is  about  one-half  mile  west,  for 
the  same  company. 

The  power  plant  at  the  shaft  near 
Crosby  has  four  150-h.p.  boilers,  with 
compressor  and  hoisting  machinery  now 
being  installed.  The  buildings  here  for 
power  house,  machine  shop  and  dry 
house,  are  of  steel  and  brick  construction 
with  cement  roof. 


The  Kennedy  Mine 

The  Kennedy  mine,  owned  by  the  Rog- 
ers-Brown Ore  Company,  is  the  only  one 
operating  on  the  range.  The  shaft  is 
down  280  ft.,  and  at  present  ore  is  being 
hoisted  from  the  KSO-ft.  level.  The  shaft 
has  five  cotnpartments  and  is  equipped 
with  steel  headframe  which  is  operating 
two  3-ton  skips  in  balance.  There  is  also 
a  cage  for  men  and  timbers. 

The  power  plant  consists  of  four  150- 
h.p.  boilers;  one  15-drill  compressor  fur- 
nishing air  for  drilling  and  ventilation. 
Between  40,000  and  50,000  tons  of  ore 
are  now  on  the  dump  awaiting  shipment 


Cuyuna  Townsites 

Three  tow-nsites  have  been  plotted  and 
the  real  estate  men  are  disposing  of  the 
lots  at  high  prices.  The  village  of  Cuy- 
una is  about  one-half  mile  from  the 
Kennedy  mine  and  there  are  possibly  75 
to  100  buildings  on  the  site.  The  town 
of  Crosby  is  about  three  miles  southwest 
of  the  Kennedy  mine  and  three  miles 
northwest  of  Deerwood  on  the  north 
shore  of  Serpent  lake.  Streets  have 
been  well  laid  out  and  there  are  about 
I'j  miles  of  cement  sidewalk,  a  first- 
class  hotel,  one  bank  and  a  number  of 
stores  and  dwellings.  Eight  or  ten  cot- 
tages have  been  built  by  the  Rogers-' 
Brown  Ore  Company  on  land  adjoining 
the  Crosby  townsite  on  the  north.  These 
cottages  are  for  the  use  of  the  mining 
company's  employees. 

.At  Ironton  the  principal  work  consisrs 
of  grading  streets  on  a  40-acre  townsite. 
The  Soo  line  is  grading  for  a  station  an.1 
within  a  short  time  the  tracks  will  be  laid. 
The  Rogers-Brown  Ore  Company  is 
building  a  number  of  cottages  here  for 
its  employees. 

The  International  Harvester  Company 
has  three  diamond  drills  at  work  on  40 
acres  north  of  Crosby.  The  Rogers- 
Brown  Ore  Company  also  has  a  number 
of  drills  on  exploration  work.  There  are, 
it  is  said,  about  40  drills  now  working  at 
various  points  along  the  range. 


A  short  flax  crop  in  the  United  States 
last  year  and  the  consequent  high  price 
of  linseed  oil,  seriously  affected  the  con- 
sumption of  white  lead,  according  to  a 
statement  of  the  National  Lead  Company. 


December  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1215 


To  Prevent  Mining  Coal  under  Private  Property 


SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


An  innovation  that  may  have  a  decisive 
effect  in  the  cities  and  towns  of  the  an- 
thracite regions  like  Scranton,  Wilkes- 
Barre  and  Pittston,  is  about  to  be  inaug- 
urated by  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Com- 
pany. The  company,  through  its  general 
manager,  Capt.  W.  A.  May,  has  offered 
600  householders  in  the  Dunmore  section 
of  Scranton  the  privilege  of  buying  all 
the  coal  that  remains  under  their  respec- 
tive property  at  30c.  a  ton.  Practically 
all  of  this  coal  is  in  pillars,  but  it  is  the 
mining  of  the  pillars  that  leads  to  the 
subsidences  on  the  surface  that  have 
brought  about  lamentable  destruction  of 
property  and  a  periodical  outcry  that 
drastic  legislation  should  be  introduc.-d 
into  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  to  pro- 
hibit what  is  designated  as  "roobing  of 
pillars." 

The  offer  of  the  company  is  uncondi- 
tional. The  amount  of  coal  under  each 
property  has  been  surveyed,  and  it  is  for 
the  owners  of  these  properties  collective- 
ly to  accept  or  reject  the  offer.  If  the 
property  owners  do  not  purchase  the  coal 
it  will  be  mined  in  the  ordinary 
course. 

Captain  May  said  in  reference  to  this 
offer  that  he  did  not  wish  the  public  to 


understand  that  it  created  a  precedent 
for  his  company,  and  was  formulated 
without  an\-  understanding  with  other 
companies.  The  coal  in  all  the  district 
embraced  by  the  offer  has  been  mined, 
with  the  exception  of  what  remains  in 
the  pillars,  and  the  pillars  are  directly 
underneath  the  lots  on  which  the  build- 
ings are  situated. 

There  is  at  present  a  survey  being 
made  of  all  the  underground  workings 
over  which  the  city  of  Scranton  stands. 
The  two  engineers  who  are  engaged  in 
this  work  will  probably  make  a  report 
within  the  next  two  or  three  months  of 
the  actual  condition  of  the  workings  and 
of  the  possibility  of  further  subsidences. 
It  is  understood  now,  as  far  as  the  sur- 
vey has  gone,  that  the  danger  to  surface 
property  is  not  so  imminent  as  was  at 
first  supposed.  There  is  danger,  and  real 
danger,  of  caves  and  subsidences  in  cer- 
tain districts,  if  the  coal  in  the  pillars  is 
robbed.  Up  to  the  present,  however,  no 
person  considered  the  possibility  of  pur- 
chasing the  coal  in  these  pillars  from  the 
company,  and  allowing  them  to  remain 
forever  in  situ.  It  was  thought  that  the 
companies,  so  far  from  being  anxious  to 
sell,  were  ruthless  in  their  determination 


to  take  the  coal  in  the  pillars  out.  In  fact, 
through  all  the  controversy  that  has 
arisen  in  relation  to  the  surface  subsi- 
dences, this  suggestion  has  never  been 
brought  forward.  The  probability  now  is 
that  the  initiative  taken  by  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Coal  Company  will  be  more  or  less 
extensively  followed  by  other  companies. 

The  value  of  a  ton  of  anthracite  coal  at 
the  surface  is  estimated  at  one  dollar. 
The  value  of  the  coal  under  a  lot  where 
all  has  been  mined  except  the  pillars, 
based  on  a  price  of  30c.  per  ton,  would 
run  on  an  average  from  SI 50  to  S200. 
This  sum  spread  over  a  number  of  years 
for  payment,  as  it  is  intended  to  do, 
would  amount  to  very  little  annually,  and 
would  increase  the  value  of  the  property 
from  50  to  60  per  cent. 

The  action  of  the  Pennsylvania  Coal 
Coinpany  in  making  this  proposal  is 
meeting  with  high  commendation  from 
all  sides.  It  is  believed  by  those  in- 
formed on  the  matter  that  it  is  the  first 
step  toward  a  real  amelioration  of  the 
situation  of  the  problem  of  mine  caves 
and  surface  subsidences  that  has  been 
promulgated  since  the  question  became 
a  pressing  one  in  certain  sections  of  the 
anthracite    regions. 


Obligations  and  Responsibilities  of  Working  Miners 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  British  Associatiorv  of  Colliery 
Managers  recently  formed  a  Scottish 
branch,  and  at  the  inaugural  meeting  in 
Glasgow,  on  Sept.  24,  George  W.  Gibb, 
In  his  presidential  address,  urged  that  it 
rested  with  them  to  check  sentimental 
legislation,  and  to  adopt  every  device  and 
improvement  in  method  that  would  re- 
duce their  costs.  Organized  labor  must  not 
push  its  policy  too  far,  nor  too  fast.  In 
the  view  of  Mr.  Gibb,  at  present  it  is  in 
advance  of  the  economic  situation,  and 
must  be  stayed  until  the  industry  has 
time  to  recover  its  balance.  Until  econ- 
omies are  effected  consolidating  the  po- 
sition and  compensating  for  concessions, 
further  inroads  must  be  arrested,  or  in 
the  result  labor  itself  will  suffer.  Labor 
leaders  who  took  a  wise  and  broad  view 
of  the  present  situation  would  see  that 
their  recent  rate  of  progress  could  not  be 
maintained;  for  a  time  they  must  with- 
hold further  demands,  otherwise  the  in- 
dustry, especially  in  Scotland,  would  bo 
crippled. 

At  the  same  time  Mr.  Gibb  would  not 
have  the  leaders  remain  idle.     There  was 


abundance  of  useful  work  to  do  on  behalf 
of  the  miner,  the  idea  suggested  being, 
that  having  drilled  the  men  so  well  in 
assertion  of  rights  and  privileges,  a 
course  of  instruction  might  now  suit- 
ably be  given  on  obligations  and  on  re- 
sponsibilities. Recent  events  in  the  labor 
world  indicated  that  they  would  be  un- 
willing learners,  but  no  matter  how  pain- 
ful and  tedious  the  process,  the  lesson 
must  be  learned. 

Rescue  Stations  to  Be   Established 

In  Great  Britain  a  new  Mines  Regula- 
tion Act  is  promised,  and  as  Mr.  Gibb 
put  it,  they  are  to  have  rescue  stations 
established  throughout  the  coalfields,  and 
this  might  be  done  with  little  regard  to 
what  may  be  the  special  dangers  with  the 
respective   mines   inspection   districts. 

A  plea  was  made  for  a  higher  standard 
in  every  branch  of  mining  work,  and 
the  standard  should  not  be  lowered  in  in- 
spection. Workingmen,  Mr.  Gibb  said, 
could  not  be  inspectors;  men  of  the  first 
rank  only  are  qualified.  Every  branch 
of  mining  work  was  becoming  more  com- 


plex, and  raising,  rather  than  lowering  the 
standard  of  supervising  authority,  was 
to  be  desired. 

Indifference  to  safety  cannot  be 
charged  to  the  management,  said  Mr. 
Gibb,  declaring  that  the  first  care  of 
every  mine  manager  was  the  safety  of  his 
men.  The  managers  who  were  so  inti- 
mately associated  with  the  working  of 
the  mines,  who  spent  their  lives  in  what 
was  and  must  remain  a  hazardo'us  oc- 
cupation, he  said  were  surely  the  most 
competent  to  judge  as  to  what  would  pro- 
mote the  greatest  safety  and  efficiency 
in  mining  operations.  With  75  per  cent, 
of  the  increased  value  in  sales  already 
secured  for  labor,  it  was  clear  that  in 
order  to  maintain  their  position,  every  ef- 
fort must  be  exerted  to  reduce  costs. 
They  must  assist  in  guiding  the  direction 
of  progress,  and  be  more  active  in  in- 
fluencing mine  legislation.  By  wise  ad- 
ministration and  active  executive  they 
should  aim  at  securing  the  position  of  in- 
fluence and  authority  to  which  they  be- 
lieved their  association  was  justly  en- 
titled. 


I 


1216 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


The    Design    of    Centrifugal    Pumps 

Recent  Advance  in  Design  of  Centrifugal  Pumps  Has  Caused  These  Ma- 
chines to  Displace  Old  Style  Ram  Pumps.      Compact  and  Easy  to  Install 


BY         JAMES 


A 


S  E  A  G  E  R 


I 


Within  recent  times  the  ram  pump, 
which  for  so  many  years  represented  the 
highest  point  in  efficiency  and  conven- 
ience, has  been  challenged  in  position  by 
the  centrifugal  pump  which,  on  account 
of  its  compactness,  ease  of  installation 
and  capability  of  being  direct  coupled  to 
an  electric  motor,  has  made  rapid  prog- 
ress within  a  comparatively  short 
period  of  time.  The  very  fact,  however, 
that    it    has    attained    such    a    wide    field 


fully  realized  the  necessity  of  making  the 
high-speed  pump  as  readily  accessible 
as  its  slow-speed  rival.  The  latest  cen- 
trifugal pumps  which  this  firm  has  built 
are  considerably  advanced  upon  what 
these  specialists  in  pumps  have  been  doing 
in  the  past,  and  are  based  upon  the  result 
of  experience  which  they  have  gained 
with  older  classes  of  pumps. 

The  general  arrangement  of  the  pump 
which   is   now   the    latest   design   of  the 


working  parts  withdrawn  for  inspection 
without  disturbing  the  rising  main;  in  or- 
der to  prevent  corrosion,  the  chamber  is 
lined    with   brass. 

The  end  covers,  which  are  also  of  cast 
iron,  are  so  designed  as  to  be  of  ample 
strength  to  withstand  the  working  pres- 
sure, and  the  necessary  glands  and  stuff- 
ing boxes  are  bushed  with  gun  metal. 
On  these  end  covers  are  carried  two  self- 
oiling    bearings,    each    of    the    oil-ring 


Fig.  1.  Showing  Pu.mp  Coupled  Directly  to  a 
Three-phase  Squirrel-cage  Motor 


Fig.  2.    Showing  Latest  Design  of 
Centrifugal  Pump 


Fig.  3.   Illustrating  the  Dismantling  of  a 
Three-stage    High-lift   Pump 


Fig.  4.    Showing  How  Pump  in  Fig.  3  Can  Be 
Still  Further  Dis.mantled 


of  use  so  soon  after  its  introduction,  has 
made  the  comparatively  quick  changes 
in  design  somewhat  difficult  to  follow,  and 
it  is  therefore  interesting  from  the  point 
of  view  of  describing  what  may  be  re- 
garded as  the  latest  advances  in  the  de- 
sign of  centrifugal  pumps,  to  mention 
some  recent  designs  which  have  been 
produced  by  Ernest  Scott  &  Mountain, 
Ltd.,  of  Gateshead,  who,  as  makers  of 
both  ram  pumps  and  centrifugals,   have 


•ninckcli 

land. 


slrcnf.    No\v( 


Dn-'rvno,     Eng- 


firm  is  shown  in  Fig.  2,  which  illustrates 
clearly  the  compact  arrangement  of  the 
design.  The  outstanding  feature  of  this 
type  of  pump,  whether  for  high  lift,  me- 
dium lift  or  low  lift,  is  a  very  ingenious 
arrangement  by  which  the  working  parts 
can  bs  withdrawn  for  inspection  or  re- 
pairs without  interfering  with  the  pump 
chamber  or  rising  main.  The  pump 
shown  in  the  figure  is  of  the  three-stage 
type,  the  chamber  being  of  close-grained 
cast  iron,  cast  in  one  piece  with  the  de- 
livery chamber  and  branch.  This  enables 
the  pump  to  be  taken  to  pieces  and   all 


type,  provided  with  capacious  oil  wells, 
the  bearing  shells  being  lined  with  white 
metal.  In  order  to  prevent  any  injurious 
action  of  water  upon  the  pump 
spindle,  this  latter,  which  is  of  nickel 
steel,  is  bushed  at  all  exposed  parts  with 
gun  metal  and  the  impellers  are  made 
either  of  special  hard  gun  metal  or 
bronze,  according  to  the  class  of  water 
with  which  the  pump  is  required  to  deal. 
A  considerable  amount  of  care  has  been 
taken  to  design  accurately  these  impel- 
lers in  order  to  deal  with  the  duty  speci- 
fied, and  to  give  the  maximum  efficiency, 


December  17,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1217 


the  working  surface  being  smoothed  and 
polished. 

Details  of  Construction 

Upon  the  intermediate  cast-iron  stages, 
which  are  turned  tn  fit  the  pump  cham- 
ber, the  diftusers  are  attached,  both  im- 
pellers and  diffusers  being  so  arranged 
that  they  can  be  readily  renewed  when 
required.  In  order  to  secure  the  longest 
possible  life  these  diffusers  are  made 
of  specially  hard  gun  metal  or  bronze. 
One  of  the  most  serious  difficulties  in 
connection  with  centrifugal  pumps  is  the 
question  of  balancing,  so  as  to  avoid  un- 
due end  thrust;  in  Messrs.  Scott  &  Moun- 
tain's latest  type  of  pump,  a  special  de- 
sign of  balancing  disk  is  provided, 
which  consists  of  a  pressure  plate  of 
gun  metal  working  against  a  machined 
face,  the  pressure  on  this  plate  coun- 
teracting the  pull  on  the  suction. 

In  order  to  collect  the  waste  water 
from  this  balancing  gear,  a  chamber  to 


To  meet  cases  where  a  type  of  pump 
is  required  to  work  with  medium  heads 
and  constructed  to  deal  with  large  qu^- 
tities  of  water,  a  class  of  pump  is  made 
shown  in  Fig.  5.  It  will  be  seen  that  this 
pump  is  provided  with  two  inlets,  the 
pump  shown  being  constructed  to  deal 
with  600  gal.  per  min.,  maintained  against 
a  head  of  50  ft.  .Among  the  details  in- 
cluded in  this  design  may  incidentally  be 
noted  the  priming  valve  and  funnel  for 
starting  the  pump,  which  is  attached  to 
the  delivery  side. 

A  further  type  specially  designed  for' 
dealing  with  sewage  or  drainage  work 
is  shown  in  Fig.  6,  this  being  the  low- 
lift  type  of  pump  with  a  vertical  spindie. 
The  English  manufacturers  are  doing  a 
considerable  amount  of  work  with  these 
rumps,  more  especially  in  connection 
with  small  installations  for  sewage  sys- 
tems. The  pump  shown  in  the  photo- 
grnph  was  constructed  and  supplied  for 
the  purpose  of  dealing  with  the  sewage 


Fic.  5.  Type  of  Pump  Designed  for  Medium  Heads  and  Large  Quantities 

OF  Water 


which  is  attached  a  waste  pipe  is  pro- 
vided for  the  balancing  gear.  The  ques- 
tion of  water  pressure  is  again  carefully 
considered  in  the  design  of  the  glands, 
the  pump  being  so  constructed  that  there 
is  practically  no  pressure  on  the  glands, 
which  arc  water  lubricated,  and  owing 
to  this  minimum  pressure,  it  is  not  neces- 
sary to  pack  the  glands  tightly. 

Among  the  pumps  of  this  type    which 
the    firm    has    recently   supplied    is    one 
which  Is  illustrated   in   Fig.   1,  the   pump 
being  shown  coupled  directly  to  a  three- 
phase   squirrel-cage  motor.     This   pump, 
which    is    of    the    three-stage    type,    was 
supplied  to  the  Barrow  Haematite  Com- 
pany, and  is  arranged  to  deliver  350  gal. 
I  per  min.,  against  a  head  of  200  ft.  when 
Irunning  at    1440   r.p.m.     This   is   a   fair 
illustration    of    the    range    of    high,    lift 
jpumps  now  being  manufactured. 


from  the  village  of  Bentley,  near  Don- 
caster,  being  one  of  two  similar  pumps. 
The  pump  illustrated  is  capable  of  deal- 
ing with  500  gal.  of  sewage  per  min. 
against  a  head  of  45  ft.,  and  is  arranged 
to  run  at  1414  revolutions  per  minute. 

Pumps  Can  Be  Dismantled  Easily 

Reference  was  made  in  the  above 
paragraph  to  the  very  great  ease  with 
which  these  classes  of  pumps  can  be 
disinantled,  owing  to  the  care  which  has 
been  taken  in  their  design,  and  Fig.  3  il- 
lustrates in  an  effective  way  the  manner 
in  which  a  three-stage  high-lift  pump  can 
be  taken  apart  and  the  working  parts 
withdrawn  without  disturbing  in  any  way 
either  the  rising  main  or  suction  pipe. 
The  importance  of  this  point  will  be 
realized  by  any  practical  engineer  who 
has  had  the  difficulty  of  dismantling  an 


older  type  of  centrifugal  pump  for  re- 
pairs or  thorough  inspection.  Fig.  4 
shows  the  same  pump  still  further  dis- 
mantled, and  indicates  very  clearly  how 
the  whole  of  the  working  parts  are  with- 
drawn together  on  the  shaft.  Special  no- 
tice may  be  taken  of  the  balancing  plate 
at  the  left  hand  of  the  shaft,  to  which 
reference  was  made  in  the  above  de- 
scription. 

One  English  company  is  at  present 
building  a  three-stage  puinp  for  the  Malt- 
by  main  colliery,  which  is  to  deal  with 
333  gal.  of  water  per  min.  against  a  300- 
ft.  head.  This  pump  is  a  duplicate  of  one 
which  was  supplied  to  the  same  company 
some  18  months  ago.  Another  interest- 
ing example  of  high-lift  pumps  is  one 
which  is  being  built  for  the  Loftus  Iron- 
stone Mines,  of  Messrs.  Pease  &  Part- 
ners, which  is  to  deal  with  600  gal.  of 
water  per  min.  against  a  head  of  280  ft., 
while  a  third  example,  which  is  in  course 
of  construction,  is  a  three-stage  pump 
dealing  with  750  gal.  per  min.,  against 
a  210-ft.  head.  The  Ernest  Scott  &  Moun- 
tain  Company  also  has  in  hand  a  low-lift 
type  of  puinp,  which  is  capable  of  deal- 


FiG.  6.   Pump  Designed  for  Sewage  or 
Drainage  Work 

ing  with  1000  gal.  per  min.,  against  a  70- 
ft.  head,  and  which  is  to  be  delivered  to 
the  Morgan  Crucible  Company. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  descrip- 
tion and  illustrations  that  the  English 
manufacturers  have  effected  a  definite  de- 
velopment in  the  design  of  centrifugal 
pumps  which  will  be  of  interest  to  all 
the  engineers  who  are  connected  with  hy- 
draulic, electric  and  centrifugal  schemes; 
the  designs  appear  to  embody  a  consider- 
able number  of  new  features  of  interest. 


Coal  Production  in  Mexico 

In  the  first  nine  months  of  this  year, 
the  Coahuila  coal  companies  in  Mexico 
produced  1,213,163  tons  of  coal  and  165,- 
653  tons  of  coke.  The  Mexican  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  also  operating  the  mines 
of  the  Coahuila  and   Fuente  coal  com- 


1218 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


panics,  ranks  first  in  coal  production,  with 
474.804  tons;  the  output  was  36.020 
tons,  .'\gujita  and  Lampacitos  companies, 
controlled  by  the  same  interests,  had  a 
production  of  255,177  tons  of  coal  and 
102,948  tons  of  coke.  The  New  Sabinas 
Company,  Ltd.,  the  only  other  coke  pro- 
ducer, contributed  26,676  tons  of  that 
product,  and  71,623  tons  of  coal.  The 
other  companies  produced  coal  as  fol- 
lows: Sabinas,  210,837  tons;  Del  Norte, 
74,044;  Rio  Escondido,  63,609;  Ciudad 
Porfirio  Diaz,  69,269;  El  Fenix,  3791 
tons. 


Report  on  the  Disaster  at  the 
Yolande  Mine 

Special  Correspondence 

Chief  Mine  Inspector  James  Hillhouse, 
of  Birmingham,  Ala.,  has  just  submittea 
to  Governor  Comer  his  official  report  on 
the  Yolande  mine  explosion,  in  which  five 
miners  lost  their  lives  on  the  night  of 
November  3.  In  setting  forth  the  result 
of  his  investigation,  Mr.  Hillhouse  said: 

"As  soon  as  sufficient  air  could  be  got- 
ten into  that  part  of  the  heading  where 
the  explosion  occurred  (which  was  Nov. 
14),  an  e.xamination  was  made  by  T.  W. 
Dickinson  and  myself,  and  we  were  ac- 
companied by  the  company's  officials, 
also  H.  H.  Hamilton,  a  representative  of 
the  Du  Pont  Powder  Company.  Camp- 
bell, the  fire  boss,  and  Bowman,  the  shot 
firer  (who  were  the  last  men  to  see 
Thomas  and  Creek),  told  us  that  they 
knew  these  men  were  going  to  drill  a  shot 
from  the  air  course  down  to  the  upset, 
with  the  intention  of  blowing  it  through; 
upon  making  our  examination  we  were 
convinced  that  such  was  the  case.  After 
an  elapse  of  three  hours  and  30  min- 
utes from  the  time  the  fire  boss  and  shot 
firer  removed  the  gas,  the  explosion  oc- 
curred. 

Explosion  Was  Local 

"We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  upset 
was  full  of  gas  when  they  fired  that  shot, 
but  we  are  not  positive  that  the  gas  was 
set  off  by  that  shot,  as  (hey  were  using 
permissible  explosives;  if  there  were  not 
more  than  four  sticks  in  the  hole,  which 
is  within  the  safety  limit,  we  do  not  think 
it  would  have  ignited  the  gas.  It  was 
evident  to  us,  when  the  bodies  were 
found  down  on  the  heading,  that  they 
must  have  been  there  when  the  explosion 
happened;  the  position  of  the  bodies  in- 
dicates such  was  the  case.  It  is  possible 
that  this  could  have  happened  by  the 
force  from  the  shot  blowing  through  and 
displacing  the  gas  by  driving  it  down 
upon  the  open  lights  of  Thomas  and 
Creek  (as  they  were  working  with  open 
lights)  which  could  have  caused  the  ex- 
plosion. 

"The  force  of  the  explosion  was  not 
felt  much  in  any  other  heading  and  all 


the  damage  done  was  right  in  that  head- 
ing where  the  explosion  occurred.  Con- 
siderable coke  was  found  in  the  upsets, 
also  on  the  sixth  heading  opposite  those 
upsets.  It  is  our  opinion  that  the  gas 
that  was  removed  at  eight  o'clock  that 
night  out  of  the  upset  had  lodged  or  ac- 
cumulated up  above  the  timbers  that  were 
set  in  this  heading,  for  this  heading  acted 
as  a  return,  increasing  the  great  violence 
of  the  explosion  and  tearing  out  many 
timbers  from  the  headings,  which  caused 
large  falls  of  slate  and  rock. 

Mines  in  Good  Shape 

"The  mines  were  in  a  good,  safe 
condition  and  well  watered  by  hoses  and 
sprays,  and  if  it  had  not  been  so,  the  ex- 
plosion might  have  gone  over  the  entire 
mine,  killing  every  man  underground. 

"The  management  had  changed  hands 
about  one  month  before  the  accident  oc- 
curred, and  we  consider  that  J.  E.  Dill- 
worth,  general  superintendent,  is  a  thor- 
oughly competent  mining  nan.  The  min- 
ing foreman,  superintendent  and  assist- 
ant were  thoroughly  aware  that  the  men 
were  working  in  the  mines  at  night  when 
the  shot  firer  was  doing  the  shooting. 
This  was  not  known  to  the  State  mine  in- 
spector's office,  however,  for  when  we  es- 
tablished the  'Shot  Firing  System'  right 
after  the  sad  disaster  which  happened 
Dec.  16,  1900,  it  was  clearly  understood 
that  no  one  was  to  be  in  the  mines  during 
the  time  the  shot  firer  was  doing  the 
shooting.  The  officials  admitted  this  fact, 
but  this  was  the  practice  when  the  new 
management  took  charge." 

Report  of  Inspectors 

Mr.  Hillhouse  reports  that  on  the  night 
before  the  explosion  the  fire  boss  came  2tt 
8  p.m.,  accompanied  by  the  shot  firer,  and 
found  the  upset  full  of  gas  down  to  the 
heading.  In  explaining  the  explosion  the 
mine  inspectors  say: 

"Tiie  first  three  men  found  were  the 
three  timber  men,  who  were  500  ft.  from 
the  face  of  the  heading.  They  were  dead. 
Their  bodies  were  slightly  burned,  but 
badly  mutilated. 

"The  heading  had  caved  in  for  nearly 
300  ft.,  and  after  working  for  24  hours 
with  little  success  and  considerable  dan- 
ger, a  conference  was  held  by  the  mine 
officials  and  the  inspectors,  and  an  ef- 
fort was  made  to  get  to  the  above  head- 
ing through  the  fifth  heading,  but  on  ac- 
count of  the  intense  heat  and  the  accum- 
ulation of  gas,  it  was  some  time  before 
we  got  sufficient  air  into  the  place  where 
the  other  two  bodies  were.  They  were 
found  inside  of  the  falls  on  the  heading, 
200  ft.  from  the  heading  face. 
They  were  burned,  but  not  suffi- 
ciently to  have  caused  their  death, 
and  we  believe  that  the  afterdamp 
from  the  gases  caused  their  suffocation, 
for  the  air  was  completely  cut  off  from 
them  by  the  falls  on  the  heading  caused 
by  the  explosion." 


Accompanying  the  report  of  the  in- 
spectors is  a  copy  of  the  report  made  by 
Associate  Inspector  Dickinson  of  the  Yo- 
lande mine,  made  on  Oct.  3.  In  this  re- 
port Mr.  Dickinson  recommended  that  the 
company  provide  a  better  system  of  ven- 
tilation for  the  left  side  of  the  slope,  and 
that  steam  pipes  be  replaced  by  com- 
pressed air  or  electricity. 


PI 


ans    for    Safeguarding  Coal 
Miners 


Special  Correspondence 


The  numerous  mine  explosions  that 
have  recently  occurred  in  various  parts 
of  our  country  have  created  a  consider- 
able agitation  among  coal  operators  for 
the  better  protection  of  mines  and  the 
lives  of  the  men  employed.  In  Colorado, 
especially,  are  plans  going  forward  look- 
ing to  several  important  changes  in  the 
State  mining  laws.  Following  is  a  digest 
of  some  of  the  recommendations: 

All  mines,  no  matter  how  men  are  em- 
ployed therein,  should  be  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  coal  inspection  department. 

Second  openings  or  escape-ways  in 
mines  should  be  constructed  practically 
simultaneously  with  first  openings  so  that 
miners  may  be  safeguarded  from  fires. 
The  present  law  allows  the  excavating  of 
15,000  sq.ft.  before  the  escape-way  is  be- 
gun. 

Ventilating  fan  houses  should  be  con- 
structed not  less  than  250  ft.  away  from 
shaft  houses  or  other  buildings  con- 
structed of  inflammable  material. 

Ladder  escape-ways  should  be  sepa- 
rated from  the  other  portion  of  the  shaft 
by  a  strong  continuous  partition  running 
from  top  to  bottom  of  the  shaft. 

Should  Split  Air  Current 

The  statutes  should  insist  on  the  split- 
ting of  air  currents  in  such  a  way  that 
the  maximum  number  of  men  working 
in  one  current  should  not  exceed  65.  This 
would  minimize  fatalities  in  case  of  fire 
or  explosion. 

Crosscuts  between  rooms  or  entries 
should  not  be  more  than  75  ft.  apart. 
Rooms  should  not  be  allowed  to  turn  in- 
side of  last  entry  crosscut  unless  air  cur- 
rent is  conducted  to  faces  of  the  work- 
ings by  brattices  or  otherwise. 

Ventilating  fans  should  run  day  and 
night  continuously  in  all  mines  that  give 
off  explosive  gas. 

Crosscut ,  stoppings  in  main  entries 
should  be  constructed  of  non-combustible 
materials.  The  same  should  be  true  of 
air  bridges. 

Only  pure  oils  should  be  used  for  il- 
luminating mines. 

No  persons  should  be  allowed  to  take 
more  than  10  lb.  of  powder  into  a  mine 
at  any  time.  Shots  should  be  fired  by 
electricity  or  "shot-lighters."  Shots  should 
be  tamped  with  non-combustible  material. 


December  17.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1219 


The  sprinkling  of  gaseous  and  non-gas- 
eous mines  that  are  dry  should  be  re- 
quired by  statute.  Accumulation  of  dust 
should  be  prohibited  in  haulage  roads. 

In  regard  to  salaries  in  the  coal  in- 
spection department.  Chief  Inspector 
Jones  recommends  that  the  chief  inspec- 
tor should  get  S4000  a  year  and  be  al- 
lowed SIOOO  a  yeai  extra  for  traveling 
expenses.  The  sub-inspectors  should  get 
S3000  a  year  each  and  SIOOO  traveling 
expenses. 


Coal  Mining  in  Arkansas 

The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  re- 
ports that  the  total  production  of  coal  in 
Arkansas  in  1909  was  2,377,157  short 
ons,  leaving  a  spot  value  of  S3,523,139, 
in  increase  of  298,800  short  tons,  or 
ibout  14  per  cent,  and  of  S23,669,  or  0.7 
,  ler  cent,  over  1908,  when  the  production 
ind  value  were  2,078,357  short  tons  and 
i3,499,470.  In  1907,  the  year  of  maxi- 
num  production  in  the  State,  the  quanti- 
y  and  value  of  coal  mined  exceeded 
he  record  of  1909  by  293,281  short  tons 
nd  S950,554. 

Coal     mining     in     Arkansas     in     1909 

howed  no  marked  changes  in  conditions 

rem  those  of  1908.     In  neither  year  was 

ie  business  satisfactory  to  the  operators 

r  to  the  miners.    Competition  with  petro- 

!um  and  natural  gas,  resulting  from  the 

evelopment   of  the   Louisiana   and   MiJ- 

lontinent   fields,   has   adversely   aflected 

le  market  for  Arkansas  coal,  and  since 

i»07  has  reduced  the  price  from  SI. 68  to 

1.48  a  ton.     In   addition   to  this,   what- 

I'er  benefit   might   have   been   gained   in 

^09  by  the  recovery  from  the  depression 

f  1908  was  largely  offset  by  a  drought 

hich  lasted  from  the  first  of  June  to  the 

Iddle  of   November.     This   drought  not 

ily  created  a  crop  shortage  in  the  State 

hich  affected  the  demand   for  fuel  but 

lused    great    scarcity    of   water    at    the 

Ines  and   raised  the  cost  of  production 

■   increasing   the   expense    of   providing 

ater  for  the  boilers. 

In   addition   to   these   unfavorable    fea- 

res,  it  is  reported  that  as  a  result  of  an 

junction   prohibiting   the    railroad    com- 

ission  of  Arkansas   from  enforcing  the 

ate    freight    rates,    the    railroads    have 

aterially  advanced  their  rates  on  Arkan- 

s  coal  to  points  in  the  eastern  part  :>f 

e  State,  the  advance  having   the  effect 

increasing  the  sale  of  Illinois  coal   in 

•kansas.      The    markets     for   Arkansas 

al  have,    indeed,    for  some   time   been 

owing   more    and    more    restricted    and 

-•alized,   so   that   any   expansion    in   the 

ate's   production    must   depend    on    an 

rease     in     population     and     industrial 

tlopment      within      a      comparatively 

all  area. 

There  was  no  shortage  of  labor  at  the 
kansas  mines,  operators  having  had 
•re  difficulty  in  providing  steady  work 
r   their    employees    than    in    procuring 


labor,  and  there  was  little  idleness  due 
to  strikes  or  other  labor  troubles.  No 
mining  machines  are  used  in  the  State. 

In  the  last  six  months  of  1909,  accord- 
ing to  James  Douglas,  the  present  State 
mine  inspector,  12  men  were  killed  and 
34  injured  in  the  coal  mines  of  Arkansas. 
Six  of  the  fatal  accidents  were  due  to  gas 
or  dust  explosions,  3  to  powder  explo- 
sions or  windy  shots,  and  3  to  other 
causes. 


Mine  Rescue  Work  in  Indiana 


Special  Correspondence 

Mine  rescue  car  No.  3  equipped  at  the 
rescue  station  at  Urbana,  Illinois,  is  at 
present  stationed  at  Terre  Haute,  Indiana. 
The  car  is  equipped  with  the  latest  res- 
cue apparatus  and  is  manned  with  trained 
men.  Illustrated  lectures  are  being  given 
by  R.  Y.  Williams,  and  demonstrations  of 
"first  aid  to  the  injured"  are  being  given 
under  the  direction  of  Doctor  Shields,  field 
representative  of  the  American  Red  Cross 
Society.  The  car  will  be  in  Indiana  sev- 
eral weeks  and  miners  will  be  taken  to 
various  convenient  points  to  be  given 
practical  lessons  from  the  car  and  equip- 
ment. James  Epperson,  State  mine  in- 
spector, is  with  the  rescue  car  and  is 
taking  great  interest  in  the  line  of  in- 
structions. 

"Much  of  the  loss  of  life  in  mine  dis- 
asters is  due  to  carelessness  and  might 
be  averted  by  workmen  exercising  ordi- 
nary precaution  to  prevent  such  trouble" 
said  Doctor  Shields  in  his  first  lecture.  "I 
regret  to  say  that  as  a  nation  the  United 
States  is  far  behind  European  countries 
as  regards  first  aid  work.  We  should 
have  at  least  one  man  out  of  every  20, 
employed  in  our  mines,  familiar 
with  the  first  aid  methods,  and  able  to 
render  aid  when  necessary.  It  should  be 
the  aim  of  every  miner  and  coal  company 
owning  the  mines  where  men  are  em- 
ployed to  protect  their  lives. 

"There  is  no  excuse  for  men  to  die 
neglected.  There  is  a  way  to  save  many 
lives  which  under  the  present  negligent 
way  of  doing  things  are  lost.  Many  deaths 
are  due  to  ignorance. 

"The  average  cost  of  the  first-aid  trcat- 
nient  in  a  mine  should  not  exceed  S25  for 
each  250  men  employed;  and  above  all 
things,  when  you  see  blood  on  an  in- 
jured man,  don't  resort  to  the  old  custom 
of  putting  tobacco  on  the  wound  to 
staunch  the  fiow  of  blood.  The  victim 
will  have  much  more  chance  of  life  if  his 
injuries  are  simply  bound  as  cleanly  as 
possible.  Of  course,  it  is  not  always 
possible  to  find  sanitary  bandages  in  a 
mine,  particularly  during  an  emergency, 
but  cleanliness  is  usually  possible  to 
some  extent." 

Doctor  Shields  declared  65  per  cent,  of 
irjuries  received  in  mines  are  due  to  falls, 
and  carelessness  is  largely  responsible 
foi  such  accidents. 


"When  a  man  is  found  overcome  with 
gas  or  unconscious  for  any  reason,"  he 
said,  "don't  expect  to  restore  him  by 
two  minutes  of  artificial  respiration.  Keep 
it  up  at  least  20  min.  It  may  bring  him 
around,  and  at  any  rate  you  cannot  hurt  a 
dead  man." 

Doctor  Shields'  lecture  was  fully  illus- 
trated with  stereopticon  views  showing 
the  work  as  performed  in  the  coalfields  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Albert  Sams,  foreman  of  mine  rescue 
car  No.  3,  demonstrated  the  various  life- 
saving  devices  and  emphasized  the  im- 
portance of  mine-rescue  helmets,  the  use 
ot  which,  he  said,  would  greatly  reduce 
the  annual  death  rate  due  to  mine  dis- 
asters. 

The  helmet  is  equipped  with  a  jar  hold- 
ing a  sufficient  quantity  of  pure  oxygen  to 
last  an  hour.  The  rescuer  also  is  sup- 
plied with  an  extra  jar,  and  it  is  possible 
for  him  lo  remain  in  even  the  most 
deadly  gases  nearly  two  hours,  by  draw- 
ing on  his  reserve  air. 

Rescue  Car  No.  3  will  give  demonstra- 
tions in  many  of  the  principal  mining 
towns  of  Indiana. 


Verdict  of   Jury   in  Matter  of 
StarkviUe   Explosion 

Special  Correspondence 

The  Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company 
has  had  a  severe  verdict  rendered  against 
it  in  the  matter  of  the  StarkviUe  coal- 
mine disaster,  condemning  the  company 
for  negligence  in  not  properly  sprinkling 
the  mine.  The  verdict  of  the  coroner's 
jury  was  as  follows: 

"That  the  explosion  was  an  explosion 
of  coal  dust,  and  that,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  jury,  the  coal  dust  was  ignited  by  a 
short  circuit  of  the  overhead  trolley  wire 
at  a  point  between  600  and  700  ft.  in- 
side the  mouth  of  the  old  mine,  or  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  wrecked  motor  trip. 

"That  the  jurors  further  find  that  the 
mine  contained  coal  dust  in  a  dry  and  in- 
flammable condition,  and  that  the  mine 
was  known  to  the  officials  of  the  company 
to  have  generated  explosive  gases. 

"That  the  accumulation  of  dust  was 
not  properly  sprinkled  and  made  damp, 
as  required  by  the  Colorado  mining  laws, 
and  that  had  the  mine  been  properly 
sprinkled,  the  explosion  would  not  have 
occurred." 


According  to  an  exchange,  which  does 
not  state  its  authority,  the  output  of  gaso- 
lene in  the  United  States  in  1909  was 
9.600,000  bbl.,  valued  at  848,000,000,  as 
against  7,600,000  bbl.  for  preceding  year, 
and  double  that  for  1903.  The  output  in 
1910  was  probably  larger.  The  increase 
in  production  has  been  due  chiefly  to  auto- 
mobile development  and  to  a  less  extent 
10  expansion  in  the  use  of  gasolene  en- 
gines for  miscellaneous  purposes. 


I 


1220 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS 


Elementary  Crystallography.  By  W. 
S.  Bayley.  S2.  McGraw-Hill  Book 
Company,  New  York. 

MONOCRAFIAS    MlNERAS     1     METALUR.T  ICAS. 

By  F.  A.  Sundt,  Sociedad   Nacional 
de   Mineria,   Santiago   de    Chile. 
Standard    Hand   Book    for    Electrical 
Engineers.     Third   edition,    revised. 
$4.      McGraw-Hill    Book    Company, 
New  York. 
Bibliography  of  North  American  Geol- 
ogy FOR   1909.    By  John  M.  Nickles. 
Bull.  444,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
Washington. 
Hendricks'    Commercial    Register    of 
THE     United    States.       Nineteenth 
annual    edition,    1910.     $10.      S.    E. 
Hendricks  Co.,  New  York. 
Outline  Introduction  to  the  Mineral 
Resources  OF  Tennessee.    By  George 
H.  Ashley.     Bull.  No.  2,  State  Geo- 
logical Survey,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Some  Ore  Deposits  in  Maine  and  the 
Milan  Mine,  New  Hampshire.     By 
William     H.     Emmons.       Bull.    432, 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Washing- 
ton. 
Report   of   the    Mining     Industry   of 
Natal  for  the  Year  1909.    By  C.  J. 
Gray.  2s.   6d.     Times   Printing   and 
Publishing    Company,    Ltd.,     Pieter- 
maritzburg.  Natal. 
Report  on  the  Mining  Operations  in 
the  Province  of  Quebec  for  the 
Year  1909.  By  Theo.  C.  Denis.     De- 
partment of  Colonization,  Mines  and 
Fisheries,  Quebec. 
Geology   of    the    Elizabethtown    and 
Port      Henry      Quadrangles.      By 
James  F.   Kemp   and   Rudolf  Ruede- 
mann.     Bull.    138,   New  York   State 
Museum.     University  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  Albany. 
Mining  Rights  on  the  Public  Domain. 
By  R.  S.  Morrison  and  Emilio  D.  De 
Sola.      Fourteenth     edition.      W.    H. 
Courtright,  Denver,  Colo. 
The  fact  that  this  volume  has  met  with 
sufficient   approval   to   call    forth    a   four- 
teenth edition  shows  the  popularity  and 
the  value  of  the  book.    This  edition  con- 
tains 700  pages,  and  brings  the  subject 
up  to  date,  containing,  as  it  does,  all  of 
the    recent   enactments    in     the     various 
states. 

Richardson's  Manual  of  Mexican  Law. 
By  D.  A.   Richardson  and   Frank  W. 
Doan.  S3.  W.  II.  Courtright,  Denver, 
Colo. 
The    volume    contains    in    English     a 
verbatim     translation    of    all    the    stat- 
utes pertaining  to  corporations,  mines  and 
mining,  in  effect  in  Mexico  in  1910.    Each 
section  of  the  book  is  annotated.     All  the 
forms   used    in    Mexico    for  corporations, 
mines  and  mining,  are  given  in  both  Eng- 
lish and  Spanish,  so  that  correct  Spanish 


forms  may  be  filed  by  persons  without 
understanding  the  Spanish  language.  The 
volume  is  a  convenient  size  so  that  it  may 
be  easily  carried  in  the  pocket. 

Annual  Report  of  the  State  Geo- 
logist OF  New  Jersey  for  the  Year 
1909.  Henry  B.  Kiimmel,  State 
Geologist.  Trenton,  N.  J.  State 
Printers. 
For  two  or  three  years  past  the  work  of 
the  Geological  Survey  of  New  Jersey  has 
been  largely  in  connection  with  water 
supply;  a  most  important  subject  in  a 
community  like  New  Jersey,  which  is 
thickly  populated  and  has  many  cities 
and  towns.  The  present  report  gives  a 
summary  of  the  work  of  the  Survey  for 
the  year,  which  included  the  completion 
of  reports  on  iron  ore  and  building  stones, 
and  the  continuation  of  work  on  the  new 
series  of  enlarged  geological  and  topo- 
graphical maps  of  the  State.  There  is 
also  a  report  on  the  mining  and  mineral 
production  of  the  year.  These  are  ac- 
companied by  two  special  reports, 
the  first  on  "The  Development  of  the 
Passaic  Watershed  by  Small  Storage 
Reservoirs,"  by  C  C.  Vermeule.  The  sec- 
ond is  on  "The  Record  of  Wells  in  New 
Jersey,  1905-1909,"  and  is  by  Henry  B. 
Kijmmel  and  Howard  M.  Poland.  A 
large  map  shows  the  Passaic  watershed, 
from  which  are  drawn  the  water  supplies 
of  Newark,  Paterson,  Jersey  City,  Eliza- 
beth and  a  number  of  smaller  towns. 

Compressed  Air  Plant.  By  Robert 
Peele.  Second  edition,  revised. 
$3.50.  John  Wiley  cS:  Sons,  New 
York. 

With  his  customary  thoroughness. 
Professor  Peele  has  collected  into  this 
one  volume  every  possible  item  of  in- 
formation about  the  use  of  compressed 
air  for  mining  work.  Beginning  with  the 
compression  of  air,  he  describes  the  dis- 
tinctive characteristics  of  the  well  known 
compressors,  passes  to  the  subject  of 
transmission,  and  in  the  latter  half  of 
the  volume  discusses  the  use  of  the  com- 
pressed air  for  all  the  purposes  to  which 
it  is  commonly  adapted  in  mines.  The 
book  does  not,  however,  partake  of  the 
nature  of  a  catalog,  even  though  it  is 
illustrated  with  209  figures,  most  of  them 
full-page,  and  many  of  them  two-page 
illustrations.  Each  figure  is  selected  to 
illustrate  the  point  under  discussion,  and 
many  of  them  have  not  before  been  pub- 
lished. 

The  first  two  chapters  are  more  or 
less  general,  describing  the  main  fea- 
tures in  the  construction  of  typical  com 
piessors,  with  special  reference  to  their 
motive  power.  The  third  chapter  is 
analytical,  developing  the  working  for- 
mulas employed  in  the  design  of  the 
air  ends  of  compressors.  Chapters  V 
to  IX  deal  with  the  mechanical  details 
of  single  and  stage  compressors,  valves, 
intercoolers,  etc.  Chapter  X  treats,  both 
theoretically  and  statistically,  of  the  ef- 


ficiency of  compressor  operation;  this 
chapter  is  composed  largely  of  experi- 
mental data  on  the  actual  operation  of 
various  plants.  Chapter  XII  describes 
the  design  and  the  operation  of  various 
types  of  governors  applied  to  the  best 
known  compressors.  Chapter  XIII  dis- 
cusses the  subject  of  compression  at  high 
altitudes,  and  XIV  treats  of  the  causes  ol 
explosions  in  air  receivers,  with  precau- 
tions to  observe  in  order  to  avoid  them 
Cnapter  XV,  completing  Part  1  of  th€ 
volume,  describes  several  installations 
for  compressing  air  by  the  direct  actior 
of    falling    water. 

Chapters  XVI  to  XIX  discuss  the  losses 
that  occur  in  transmitting  compressed  air 
the  difficulties  due  to  the  freezing  o; 
moisture  and  the  methods  of  overcom- 
ing them  by  reheating.  K.pter  XX 
which  contains  material  not  found  in  th( 
earlier  edition  of  this  work,  describes  ii 
detail  the  construction  and  operation  o 
machine  drills  of  the  reciprocating  type 
Chapter  XXI  treats  in  the  same  way  o 
air-hammer  drills;  XXII  of  air-operatei 
coal  cutters;  XXIII  of  channelers;  XXD 
and  XXV  of  pumps  operated  by  com  i 
pressed  air;  and  XXVI  of  the  specia  ] 
employment  of  high-pressure  air  fo 
driving  mine  locomotives. 

Professor    Peele's    analytical    mind    i    I 
reflected    on    almost    every    page    of   th 
volume;    he    is    not    satisfied    to    stat    i 
merely   the   bare    facts,   but  leads  up  t    | 
them    with    a    discussion    of    the    mathe    I 
rratics  and  mechanics  involved,  a  state 
ment  of  the  relative  advantages  and  dis 
advantages  of  the  design  under  considei 
ation,   until,   in   short,   each   chapter  be 
comes  a  complete  exhaustive  treatise  o 
some  particular  phase  of  the  subject  o 
compressed  air. 

The    Lead    and    Zinc    Pigments.      B 
Clifford    Dyer    Holley.      Illustratec 
S3.     John  Wiley  &  Sons,  New  York  j 
This    treatise    describes    the    lead    an 
zinc    pigment    industries    from    botTi   th 
commercial     and    technical    standpoint; 
and    besides    going   extensively    into   th 
manufacture   of  those   pigments   it  coir 
p-.ises  many  chapters  upon  analyses  an 
tests.     As   might   be   expected    from  th 
experience   of  the   author,   who   is  chie 
chemist   for  the   Acme   White   Lead  an 
Color  Works,  his  book  is  strongest  in  th 
parts  relating  to  white-lead   manufactur 
ing,   in   the   discussions   of  character  o 
the  various  pigments,  and  in  the  detail 
of   chemical    and     analytical     work.      Ii 
those  parts  relating  to  the  manufactur 
of    the    zinc    pigments,    including    litho 
phone,  there  is  a  distinct  absence  of  thi 
sp.me    expert    familiarity    that    is    mani  J 
fested  in  the  case  of  the  lead  pigments  I 
Nevertheless,    the    treatise    is   a   satisfac  1 
tiry   exposition   of   the   subject   to   whicl   ( 
it  pertains,  indeed  the  most  satisfactor;  | 
that  we  know,  and  it  is  to  be  heartily  re 
commended. 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1221 


PEFcS  O  NAL 


Miuin;^  and  mi'Ialliu';;ical  cn^iincL'rs  ai'f  in 
vih'tl  lo  keep  Tm:  Km:inkkki.n<;  and  Mi.m.\<; 
-l.'i  liNAL  inl'ormod  of  Iheir  movements  and 
appointments. 


J.  Parke  Charming  has  returned  from 
a  trip  West. 

Ralph  A.  Meyer,  of  Cobalt  and  Porcu- 
pine, Ont.,  has  been  in  New  York. 

Ole  Elliott,  of  Tonopah,  Nev.,  has  gone 
to  Argentina  to  remain  for  some  time. 

Frederick  Eckstein  has  been  chosen 
secretary  of  the  Ohio  Copper  Company  in 
place  of  George  Berglin. 

Miss  Kathryn  McGough,  of  Mononga- 
hela  City,  Penn.,  has  been  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  Phyllis  Coal  Company. 

David  Cole  has  been  appointed  super- 
intendent of  the  Ray  Consolidated  mine, 

of  Arizona,  to  take  effect  Jan.  1   next. 
I  — 

Ed'V  Higgins  has  returned  to  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  from  an  extended  trip  to 
mines  in  Arizona  and  in  Sonora,  Mex- 
ico. 

D.  C.  Jackling  has  been  chosen  vice- 
president  of  the  Nevada  Consolidated 
Copper  Company,  as  successor  to  S.  W. 
Eccles. 

Firman  Smith  has  returned  to  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  after  inspecting  the  plant  of 
the  Veta  Colorado  Company  at  Parral, 
Mexico. 

W.  B.  Baggaley,  recently  at  Globe, 
Arizona,  has  accepted  a  position  at  the 
Minas  Flojonales,  Zimapan,  Hidalgo, 
Mexico. 

Hugh  McDonald  has  resigned  as  su- 
perintendent of  the  Silver  King  Coalition 
mines  at  Park  City,  Utah.  John  Mara 
iiucceeds  him. 

John  Hopp,  who  owns  and  operates 
placer  gold  mines  in  the  Cariboo  district 
of  British  Columbia,  has  returned  to  Seat- 
tle, Wash.,  for  the  winter. 

George  H.  McDougall,  late  with  the 
Lake  Superior  Corporation,  has  been  ap- 
"ninted  mechanical  superintendent  of  the 
Dnniinion  Steel  Corporation. 

Etienne  A.  Ritter  has  returned  to  Colo- 

.Tdn  Springs  after  making  extensive  mine 

iiiinations  in  New  Mexico  and  in   the 

.1  Juan  mountains  in  Colorado. 

Wang  She   Yuen,   Chinese  consul-gen- 

■rai  for  Canada,  accompanied  by  his  sec- 

ctary,     ha^     inspected     several     Cobalt 

nines,  with  a  view  to  the  purchase  of  a 

nine  by  the  Chinese   government. 

Carl    Scholz,    president    of    the     Rock 

'  ind   Coal   Company,   has   returned   to 

oago  from  his  visit  to   Europe,  where 

u    inspected   a  number  of  cnal  mines  at 

he  request  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

I'dwin    Lefevre,    formerly    of   the    edi- 

rlal  staff  of  the  Journal  and  later  dis- 

uished   as   a   novelist,   has   been   ap- 

ued  minister  to  Spain  and  Italy  by  the 

iiblic  of  Panama,  of  which  country  he 

?.  native. 


George  E.  Parish.  New  York,  spent  the 
summer  examining  the  placer  properties 
of  El  Capitan  Mining  Company,  com- 
posed of  Denver  men,  on  Baranoff  island, 
southeastern  Alaska.  His  present  ad- 
dress is  Denver,  Colorado. 

William  C.  Henning  has  resigned  as 
president  and  treasurer  of  the  Durable 
Wire  Rope  Company,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
and  accepted  the  position  of  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  A.  Leschen  &  Sons 
Rope  Company,  of  St.  Louis. 

V.  M.  Weil,  general  manager  of  the 
Standard  Amalgamated  Exploration  Com- 
pany, of  Boston,  has  gone  to  the  Econom- 
ic mine,  in  Calaveras  county,  Cal.,  to 
supervise  the  chlorination  plant  now  be- 
ing built  by  Oliver  Reese,  chief  engineer 
at  the  mine. 

W.  W.  Stephens,  president  of  the  Ste- 
phens-Adamson  Manufacturing  Company, 
of  Aurora,  111.,  has  returned  from  Europe. 
He  has  been  spending  some  time  in  the 
study  of  the  shops  and  methods  of  the 
larger  manufacturing  establishments  of 
England,  France  and  Germany. 

E.  C.  Felton,  president  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Steel  Company;  C.  F.  Rand,  presi- 
dent of  the  Spanish  American  Iron  Com- 
pany, and  Quincy  Bent,  assistant  to  the 
president  of  the  Maryland  Steel  Com- 
pany, are  in  Cuba  visiting  the  iron-ore 
properties  of  Pennsylvania  Steel  Com- 
pany interests. 

Harold  C.  E.  Spence  has  been  for  six 
months  past  making  examinations  in 
Canada,  particularly  of  the  coal  and  the 
oil  shales  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  sailed  from 
New  York  Dec.  10  on  his  way  to  London, 
on  business  connected  with  the  Interna- 
tional Consolidated  Mines,  Ltd.,  a  new 
Canadian  company. 

T.  W.  Blake,  formerly  superintendent 
of  the  Dragon  mine  of  the  Gilson- 
Asphaltum  Company,  has  been  appointed 
head  of  the  Salt  Lake  Mine  Rescue  Sta- 
tion. Mr.  Blake,  with  two  assistants,  will 
make  a  round  of  the  mining  camps  in  the 
Salt  Lake  car,  and  give  instructions  in  the 
use  of  rescue  apparatus. 

The  Pittsburg  Engineering  Agency  has 
formed  a  business  company  to  take  over 
the  representation  of  the  associated  bu- 
reau service,  comprising  the  bureaus  of 
Technical  References,  Engineering  Re- 
search, Industrial  Commissions  and  Amer- 
ican Trade  Catalogs.  Offices  have  been 
opened  in  the  Bessemer  building,  Pitts- 
burg. 


+11   OBI  TUARV    |[^ 


Walter  L.  Pierce  died  suddenly  in  New- 
York,  Dec.  7,  aged  55  years.  He  was 
for  a  number  of  years  connected  with  the 
Lidgerwood  Manufacturing  Company.  He 
was  vice-president  and  treasurer  of  the 
Gorton  &  Lidgerwood  Company;  also 
treasurer  of  the  Hiyward  Company. 

James  Bennette  died  at  Tacubaya,  Mex- 


ico, Nov.  30,  aged  61  years.  He  was 
born  in  Cornwall,  England,  and  went  to 
Mexico  in  1867.  He  had  held  respon- 
sible positions  in  the  accounting  depart- 
ments of  the  Real  del  Monte,  the  Santa 
Gertrudis  and  other  prominent  com- 
panies. 

John  Howell  died  in  Denver,  Colo.,  on 
Nov.  12,  at  the  age  of  76.  Born  in 
Canada  in  1834,  he  was  one  of  the  first 
to  rush  to  California  after  the  discovery 
of  gold  in  that  State  in  1849.  He  soon 
became  recognized  as  one  of  the  b:st 
local  mining  experts,  and  was  engaged 
in  many  of  the  biggest  mining  enter- 
prises in  those  early  days.  He  became 
best  known  in  mining  circles  through  his 
development  in  the  '60s  and  '70s  of  the 
Comstock  properties  in  Nevada.  Later 
he  worked  in  the  mining  districts  of 
Montana  and  Utah.  In  1888  he  left  for 
Australia,  where  he  had  charge  of  the 
Broken  Hill  Proprietary  and  other  leading 
mining  enterprises.  Mr.  Howell  finally 
returned  to  America  to  spend  his  declin- 
ing years  and,  retiring  altogether  from 
active  business  life  in  1906,  he  took  up 
his  residence  in  Los  Angeles,  California. 


^ISOCiniES^yTECHNICALSCHOOLSl^ 


International  Geological  Congress — 
At  a  meeting  of  prominent  Canadian 
geologists  and  mining  engineers  held  at 
Toronto,  Dec.  2,  Dr.  F.  D.  Adams,  pro- 
fessor of  geology  at  McGill  University, 
was  appointed  president,  and  R.  W. 
Brock,  of  Otawa.  secretary  of  the  Inter- 
national Geological  Congress,  which 
meets  in  Toronto  in  1913.  This  is  accord- 
ing to  the  practice  of  having  the  country 
where  the  triennial  meeting  is  held,  elect 
the  ofticials. 

Association  of  American  Portland  Ce- 
ment Manufacturers — The  annual  meet- 
ing was  held  in  New  York,  Dec.  12-14. 
The  program  included,  besides  the  busi- 
ness meetings  and  reports,  papers  by 
Robert  W.  Lesley,  Edwin  C.  Eckel,  J.  D. 
Kenyon  and  Oscar  Pfeiffer.  The  annual 
Cement  Show  opened  Dec.  14,  in  Madison 
Square  Garden.  In  connection  with  the 
meeting  and  show,  a  series  of  lectures  on 
questions  relating  to  the  manufacture  and 
use  of  cement  were  delivered  by  experts, 
these  lectures  being  open  to  the  public. 

Society  of  Chemical  Industry — Toronto 
Branch — An  address  was  delivered  on 
Dec.  8  by  Prof.  S.  F.  Kirkpatrick,  of  the 
Kingston  School  of  Mines,  in  which  he 
expressed  the  opinion  that  the  production 
of  an  alloy  of  cobalt  and  chromium  ef- 
fected by  Ehvood  Haynes,  afforded  a 
promising  prospect  for  the  utilization  of 
the  cobalt  output.  From  this  alloy,  which 
contained  75  per  cent,  of  cobalt,  cutlery 
bearing  a  close  resemblance  to  silver 
could  be  manufactured.  The  great  ad- 
vantage of  the  new  metal  was  that  it  was 
noncorrosive  and  capable  of  being  sharp- 
ened. 


1222 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 

Eeports     From    Our     Own    Representatives     on 
Important     Events      From      Man.^      Important 
^*"     Mining     Centers    of     tlie  'World       -^      ;->^ 


San  Francisco 
Dec.  10 — Suit  was  filed  by  the  Federal 
Government  in  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court 
It  Los  Angeles  Dec.  10,  attacking  the  title 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  to  6100 
acres  of  oil  lands  in  Kern  county,  valued 
at  510,000,000.  It  is  alleged  that  the 
railroad  company  patented  the  lands  with 
the  full  knowledge  that  they  were  min- 
eral bearing  and  could  not  be  so  patented 
under  the  land  laws  of  the  United  States. 
This  suit  is  said  to  be  only  the  beginning 
of  a  general  movement  on  the  pan  of 
the  Government  to  reclaim  from  the 
Southern  Pacific  oil  lands  in  Kern,  Kings, 
and  Fresno  counties,  valued  at  many  mil- 
lions of  dollars.  The  suit  asks  that  the 
patents  to  the  lands  be  declared  invalid, 
and  that  the  defendants  be  required  to 
deed  the  lands  to  the  United  States.  The 
suit  is  based  on  the  construction  of  the 
act  of  Congress  of  July  27,  1866,  and  a 
resolution  adopted  June  28.  1870,  under 
which,  to  encourage  the  building  of  the 
road,  the  company  was  allowed  to  pat- 
ent every  alternate  odd-numbered  sec- 
tion for  twenty  miles  on  either  side  of  its 
right  of  way.  In  this  grant  mineral 
lands  were  excluded,  and  it  is  this  clause 
which  is  said  to  render  the  patents  in- 
valid. It  is  said  that  maps  of  record  in 
Washington  show  that  the  United  States 
Surveyor  General  designated  these  lands 
as  mineral  bearing  at  the  time  of  making 
surveys  in  1902,  while  the  lands  were 
not  formally  patented  by  the  railroad  un- 
til 1904. 

The  rainfall  for  this  season  is 
far  behind  the  normal,  there  having  been 
so  far  but  one  general  rain  in  the  State 
and  that  not  a  heavy  one.  There  is  less 
water  available  for  power  and  mining 
purposes  than  has  been  the  case  at  this 
season  for  some  years.  Water  in  Cali- 
fornia is  even  more  in  demand  than  it 
was  in  the  days  of  unrestricted  hydraulic 
mining,  there  being  so  many  power 
plants  along  the  mountain  streams.  These 
not  only  furnish  power  to  the  mines 
through  their  electric  lines,  but  also  to 
San  Francisco  and  all  the  large  cities  of 
northern  California.  This  is  in  increas- 
ing demand.  What  snow  has  fallen  in 
the  mountains  is  frozen  so  hard  as  to 
be  of  no  use. 

The  Columbia  Steel  Company  has  com- 
menced operations  and  made  the  first 
steel  castings  at  its  new  plant  at  Black 
Diamond,  Contra  Costa  county.  Work 
has  been  going  on  for  over  a  year  in 
constructing  the  plant. 

The  quartz  mining  camp,  of  Plymouth, 
in  Amador  county,  is  showing  some  signs 


of  revival  after  many  years  of  partial 
neglect.  The  Alpine  mine  has  recently 
been  reopened  and  resumption  is  prom- 
ised in  the  Empire-Pacific  properties 
shortly.  The  Rhetta  and  Bay  State  mines 
of  the  Amador  Gold  Mining  Company, 
are  productive.  There  are  still  a  number 
of  idle  mines,  among,  them  the  St.  Martin 
and  Croesus,  Philadelphia  -  Richmond, 
Plymouth  Rock,  Blue  Bell  and  St. 
Bernard. 

The  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  has  rendered  a  decision 
which  affects  18  or  20  cases  pending  in 
the  Redding  Land  Office,  Shasta  county, 
by  upholding  the  protest  of  the  North- 
ern California  Power  Company  against 
issuance  ot  a  patent  to  H.  V.  Gates.  He 
sought  a  patent  to  a  building-stone  claim 
at  the  Big  Bend  of  the  Pitt  river,  a  point 
particularly  valuable  for  a  power-house 
site,  and  had  located  250,000  in.  of  water 
to  be  utilized  by  building  a  five-mile  tun- 
nel for  necessa'-y  fall.  The  commissioner 
has  decided  that  this  land  is  not  more 
valuable  for  building  stone  than  timber, 
and  that  the  location  of  the  mining  claim 
was  fraudulent  in  its  inception  as  the 
title  was  wanted  for  the  reservoir  and 
power   privileges. 

A  case  has  just  occurred  in  Shasta 
county  where  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company  has  recognized  the  rights 
of  the  miner,  somewhat  contrary  to  its 
king  established  customs.  The  Copper 
Mountain  Consolidated  Mining  Com- 
pany, owning  the  Sugar  Loaf  group  be- 
tween the  holdings  of  the  Mountain  Cop- 
per Company  and  the  Balaklala  com- 
pany, made  its  application  for  patent  to 
the  17  lode  claims  two  years  and  a  half 
ago.  Protest  was  filed  by  the  railroad 
company  on  the  ground  that  some  of  the 
claims  were  on  an  odd-numbered  sec- 
tion awarded  to  them  in  the  grant  from 
the  United  States,  so  the  case  has  hung 
fire  since.  In  October  the  attorney  for 
the  railroad  withdrew  the  protest,  one  of 
the  company's  own  mining  experts  hav- 
ing found  on  investigation  that  the  land 
in  question  was  undoubtedly  mineral  in 
character.  The  land  office  a  few  weeks 
ago  then  issued  to  the  mining  company 
the  final  certificate  and  the  patent  to  the 
claims  will  be  issued  in  due  course. 

Since  the  completion  of  the  Western 
Pacific  Railroad  the  iron  deposits  in 
Sierra  county,  long  known  but  unde- 
veloped, are  again  attracting  attention.  E. 
R.  Lilienthal,  president  of  the  Northern 
Electric  Railway  Company,  and  his  asso- 
ciates own  these  deposits  and  have  con- 
tracted for  a  tramway  eight  miles  to  the 


railroad.  C.  R.  Green,  formerly  with  the 
Truckee  Lumber  company.  Supervisor 
Pauley  and  others,  of  Quincy,  Plumas 
county,  have  filed  on  20,000  in.  of  water 
in  Eagle  canon.  Sierra  county,  and  this 
will  be  turned  over  to  the  iron-mining 
company  now  being  formed  by  Mr. 
Lilienthal.  The  iron  ore  in  these  de- 
posits is  of  excellent  quality  and  is  ex- 
tensive. It  was  useless  to  make  any  at- 
tempt to  utilize  it  until  the  transcontinen- 
tal line,  long  projected,  was  completed. 
Soon  development  on  a  large  scale  will 
be  commenced.  None  of  the  iron  ores 
of  California  have  ever  been  utilized  ex- 
cept those  at  Clipper  Gap,  Placer  county, 
but  work  at  that  place  ceased  years  ago 
on  account  of  lack  of  suitable  fuel  near 
at  hand. 


Denver 

Dec.  12 — The  flow  from  the  portal  of 
the  Cripple  Creek  deep-drainage  tunnel, 
as  measured  by  T.  S.  Countryman,  en- 
gineer, is  stated  to  be  about  4000  gal.  per 
min.,  most  of  which  is  said  to  be  coming 
from  the  drill  hole  in  the  shaft  of  the 
El  Paso  mine.  The  total  length  of  the 
tunnel  is  15,640  ft.,  and  is  1190  ft.  be- 
yond the  El  Paso  shaft.  The  breast  is  in 
granite,  so  that  the  "underground  lake" 
is  not  yet  tapped,  though  there  was  so 
much  water  coming  from  the  heading  on 
Dec.  7  that  the  men  could  not  work. 

The  Gold  Dollar  Consolidated  Com- 
pany, owning  the  Mabel  M,  also  on 
Beacon  hill,  under  which  is  the  tunnel 
heading,  has  issued  its  quarterly  report 
to  the  stockholders,  and  announces  that 
with  the  new  plant  being  installed  at  the 
shaft,  it  will  sink  to  the  water  level,  700 
ft.  more,  a  total  depth  of  some  1400  ft. 
It  is  stated  that  over  100  applications 
have  been  made  for  leases  of  blocks  of 
ground,  which  it  is  the  intention  of  the 
manager,  H.  L.  Shepherd,  to  assign  to 
the  leasers,  while  he  sinks  the  shaft  on 
company  account.  This  gives  an  idea  of 
the  stimulus  which  is  being  given  to  the 
district  by  the  completion  of  the  deep- 
drainage  tunnel.  The  report  to  the 
stockholders  states  that  the  net  cash  re- 
ceived from  royalties  during  the  past  six 
months  is  SI  1,558,  with  a  cash  balance 
in  the  treasury  of  S16,513. 

The  mine  owners  of  Cripple  Creek  are 
making  a  determined  effort  to  get  relief 
and  justice  in  the  matter  of  overtaxation, 
and  have  appointed  a  committee  to  pre- 
sent a  protest,  signed  by  every  mine- 
owner  in  Teller  county,  to  the  assessor. 
At  the  meeting,  it  was  shown  that  the 
mine   owners   will   go  to  the   courts   for 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1223 


relief,  if  they  cannot  obtain  it  otherwise. 
A.  W.  Warwick,  of  Denver,  presented  in- 
teresting figures,  showing  that  the  per 
capita  assessment  for  the  entire  State  is 
about  S650,  and  the  per  capita  assess- 
ment in  Teller  county  is  over  S7000,  due 
largely  to  the  assessments  on  mining 
property,  which  in  that  county  forms  the 
bulk  of  assessable  property.  Also  that 
the  total  assessment  in  the  State,  with  a 
population  of  800.000,  is  made  on  a  val- 
uation of  about  S400,000,000,  and  that 
Teller  county,  with  a  population  of 
15.000,  is  assessed  on  a  valuation  of 
$10,500,000. 

The  Golden  Cycle,  Vindicator,  El  Paso, 
and  other  leading  Cripple  Creek  com- 
panies are  considering  the  "change  room" 
for  their  miners,  which  will  be  so  fitted 
with  washing  and  drying  conveniences  as 
to  inure  to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the 
men,  and  incidentally  prevent  ore  steal- 
ing without   humiliating  them. 

During  November,  the  Jerry  Johnson 
Company,  of  Cripple  Creek,  paid  a  di- 
vidend of  S25,000;  Golden  Cycle,  $30,- 
000.  and  Granite,  S16,500.  It  is  stated 
also  that  the  November  10  payroll  of  the 
district  was  .'^337,280,  distributed  among 
3200  employees. 


Salt  Lake  City 
Dec.  10 — During  November  the  Snake 
Creek  tunnel  was  driven  333  ft.  On 
Dec.  2  the  face  was  in  2068  ft.  The  wa- 
er  ditch  is  completed  for  2000  ft.,  and 
ies  and  pipe  laid  to  the  1950-ft.  point. 
Jp  to  date  there  has  been  little  water 
leveloped  in  the  tunnel,  and  with  the  ex- 
:eption  of  three  or  four  sets,  no  timbering 
vill  be  necessary  in  the  ground  so  far 
:overed. 

Regarding  the  number  of  furnaces 
.melting  ore  in  Salt  Lake  valley  and  vi- 
inity  early  in  November,  it  was  stated 
n  the  Journal  of  Nov.  19  that  the  Amer- 
can  Smelting  and  Refining  Company  had 
i.x  reverberatories  in  operation  at  Gar- 
ield.  This  is  an  error  in  that  the  sixth 
everbcratory  furnace  was  being  warmed 
ip,  and  had  not  been  charged.  Another 
onverter  is  being  completed,  and  addi- 
ional  ore-bin  capacity  has  been  added. 
The  November  shipments  of  gold  and 
ilver  from  the  United  assay  office  to 
ie  Denver  mint  was  larger  than  for  any 
ther  month  since  the  office  was  estab- 
shed.  There  were  shipped  7275  oz.  gold 
nd  4935  oz.  silver,  valued  at  S137,672. 

Development  on  Utah  Consolidated  is 
eing  pushed  at  all  points.  According  to 
le  statement  by  President  Broughton  the 
resent  output  of  profitable  ore  is  limited 
)  about  350  tons  dailv.  According  to  a 
ewspaper  report,  John  W.  Finch  makes 
0  defense  of  his  estimate  of  the  ore  re- 

rves  of  this  company  last  March,  other 

iian   to   say   that   he   had    to   rely   upon 

■line   records    rather   than    personal    ob- 

■rvations,  owing  to  the  short  time  given 

im  in  which  to  make  his  report;  and  he 


says  he  clearly  stated  that  his  estimates 
were  made  from  the  mine  records  which 
now  are  proved  to  have  been  seriously 
erroneous. 

The  ore  which  was  encountered  on  the 
1550-ft.  level  of  the  Daly  West  when  the 
Daly-Judge  lines  were  reached  has  been 
passed  through,  and  the  Daly  vein  is  be- 
ing followed  toward  the  Anchor  shaft. 
Connections  have  been  made  by  the 
Daly-Judge  ICOO-ft.  level,  with  the  Daly 
West  workings  for  drainagepurposes.  On 
the  western  part  of  the  1900-ft.  level,  a 
shoot  of  good  milling  ore  has  been  cut 
for  more  than  100  ft.  Practically  no 
work  has  been  done  yet  on  the  strike  or 
dip  of  this  orebody.  The  2100ft.  level  is 
being  driven  westerly  for  the  lime- 
quartzite  contact,  and  will  have  to  be 
driven  about  (300  ft.  further  before  ore- 
bearing  ground  is  reached.  The  work  on 
the  lower  levels  is  being  done  in  the 
western  part  of  property,  to  prospect  for 
the  large  orebodies  opened  in  the  upper 
workings.  A  single  shift  is  being  worked 
in  the  mill,  which  is  about  paying  oerat- 
ing  expenses.  .According  to  latest  re- 
ports the  proposed  merger  with  the  Daly 
and  Ontario  companies  will  not  be  at- 
tempted until  after  Jan.  I. 

Butte 
Dec.  10— The  1909  session  of  the  legis- 
lature enacted  a  law  providing  for  an  in- 
demnity for  the  benefit  of  all  men  em- 
ployed in  the  coal  mines  of  the  State. 
This  law  provided  that  all  persons  or 
corporations  operating  coal  mines  or  coal 
washers  in  the  State  should  pay  monthly 
to  the  State  auditor  one  cent  per  ton  on 
the  tonnage  of  coal  mined  and  shipped 
and  should  further  deduct  from  the  wages 
of  all  employees  one  per  cent,  of  their 
monthly  earnings,  which  latter  should 
also  be  paid  t"  the  State  auditor.  The 
fund  thus  created  was  to  be  used  for 
the  purpose  of  indemnifying  all  mine 
workers  in  case  of  injury  or  death,  $3000 
being  paid  to  the  relatives  in  case  of 
death  and  SI  per  day  to  the  disabled  min- 
er in  case  of  accident.  A  number  of 
coal-mining  companies  of  the  State  have 
complied  with  law  from  the  date  of  its 
enactment,  but  there  are  several  which 
have  refused,  among  them  being  the 
Northwestern  Improvement  Company. 
The  State  auditor  has  recently  requested 
the  Attorney  General  to  institute  pro- 
ceedings against  the  latter  company  to 
enforce  the  penalty  of  .S500  fine  and  five 
months'  imprisonment,  which  is  provid- 
ed for  by  the  law  upon  non-compliance 
with  its  provisions.  The  defense  will 
doubtless  be  on  constitutional  grounds 
and  if  the  law  is  found  defective  it  will 
probably  be  remedied  at  the  coming  ses- 
sion of  the  legislature. 

Joplin,   Missouri 
Dec.    11 — The   milling   of   zinc   silicate 
ores  in   the   Missouri-Kansas  field   is  the 
exception  rather  than  the  rule  and  out- 


side of  the  Granby  camp  there  arc  only 
a  few  such  mills.  The  McGee,  near 
Duenweg,  has  been  operating  for  two  or 
three  years  on  a  body  of  zinc  silicate  ore 
absolutely  unique  in  this  district.  Here 
the  ore  is  found  in  disseminated  form 
in  a  flint  matrix  lying  in  soft  ground. 
The  ore  is  not  found  in  rich  streaks  and 
veins  in  mud  as  is  the  general  rule  in 
silicate  ground  and  it  would  be  entirely 
unworkable  as  a  hand-jig  proposition. 
The  orebody  sems  to  lie  in  a  blanket  form 
and  its  limits  have  not  been  reached  lat- 
erally and  30  ft.  in  thickness  has  been 
developed.  The  milling  of  the  ore  is  no 
difficult  matter,  however,  and  an  installa- 
tion of  crusher  and  rolls  and  "chat"  rolls 
with  the  ordinary  cleaner  and  rougher 
jigs  of  the  Cooley  type  are  sufficient  for 
the  recovery  of  the  ore.  The  orebody 
will  run  about  25  per  cent,  zinc  silicate 
so  that  the  recovery  to  be  a  paying  pro- 
position does  not  have  to  be  perfect  and 
the  tailings  from  the  mill  are  rich.  The 
Emma  C  mine  on  the  Sadtler  land  to  the 
north  has  developed  a  mine  on  an  exten- 
sion of  the  McGee  run  and  the  operators 
are  now  building  a  small  mill  of  the  same 
pattern  as  the  McGee,  which  will  no 
doubt  make  a  good  recovery  of  zinc 
silicate. 


Cobalt 

Dec.  11— Hon.  Frank  Cochrane,  the 
Ontario  minister  of  mines,  will  shortly 
visit  Porcupine  and  look  over  the  dis- 
trict with  a  view  to  putting  a  stop  to  the 
"wildcatting"  operations  that  are  about 
due  to  commence.  Recently  there  has 
been  a  lack  of  confirmatory  news  from 
Porcupine. 

Detectives  from  the  United  States  are 
looking  into  the  affairs  of  some  "wildcat" 
Cobalt  companies,  floated  in  Pennsylvania 
and  elsewhere. 

Electric  power  has  been  turned  on  in 
South  Lorrain  and  all  the  mines  that 
have  installed  motor-driven  compressors 
are  now  using  it.  As  in  Cobalt,  this  will 
mean  a  big  saving  in  operating  ex- 
penses and  several  of  the  mines  will 
now  operate  on  a  much  more  extensive 
scale    than    formerly. 

The  recent  discoveries,  and  im- 
provements in  the  veins  of  the  La 
Rose,  Princess  and  Lawson  have  added 
at  least  S2.000,000  to  the  value  of  the 
La  Rose  Consolidated  holdings  and  have 
materially  improved  the  position  of  the 
company.  The  new  vein  on  the  Lawson 
has  been  drifted  on  for  50  ft.  and  shows 
9  in.  of  ore  that  will  run  nearly  4000  oz. 
Next  month  the  directors  will  meet  to 
take  action  on  the  quarterly  dividend,  and 
there  is  a  strong  possibility  that  the  rate 
will  be  increased  from  8  to  12  per  cent, 
per  annum.  The  Nipissing  is  also  in  a 
strong  position,  and  although  the  cash  and 
ore  reserves  are  sufficient  to  warrant  an 
increased  dividend. 


1224 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


/    y 


THE  MINING  NEWS 


X 


Reports  of  New  Enterprises,  New  Machinery, 
Installations,  Development  Work  and  Property 
Transfers         The   Current  History  of    Mining 


Alaska 
D<?an— This    property,    about    a    mile 
from  the  It  mine,  is  being  developed  by 
the    Pacific   Metals   Company,   of   Ketch- 
ikan. 

Alaska-Juneau—A  number  of  drills 
have  arrived  for  this  property,  on  Doug- 
las island,  and  development  will  be  done 
under  the  direction  of  F.  W.  Bradley,  of 
Juneau,   president. 

Berners  Bay— These  properties  were 
recently  acquired  by  the  Kensington 
Mines  Company,  and  it  is  expected  to 
have  400  men  at  work  in  the  spring. 
James  Whipple,  of  Comet  City,  will  have 
charge. 

Lemons-Alaska  —  This  gold-dredging 
company  has  been  incorporated  at  Fair- 
banks by  George  G.  Lemons,  W.  W. 
Powell  and  August  Hanot.  The  com- 
pany has  taken  options  on  Fairbanks  and 
Pedro  creeks.  Mr.  Lemons  is  in  Lon- 
don to  secure  capital  for  the  installation 
of   dredges. 


Arizona 
Cochise  County 
The  directors  of  the  Superior  &  Pitts- 
burg  and   the   Calumet   &   Arizona   com- 
panies have  voted  to  merge  the  two  com- 
panies, the  exchange  being  approximately 
three  and  one-halt  shares  of  Superior  & 
Pittsburg  for  one  of  the  Calumet  &  Ari- 
zona.   The  total  capitalization  of  the  two 
companies   amounts   to  517.000,000   par. 
The  total  issued  capital  stock  of  the  Su- 
perior   &    Pittsburg    is    SI 5,000,000    and 
there  are  S5,000,000  in  the  treasury,  par 
SIO.     The  company  is  a  consolidation  of 
the   Calumet   &    Pittsburg    Mining    Com- 
pany, Lake  Superior  &  Pittsburg  Mining 
Company.    Pittsburg    &    Duluth    Mining 
Company,  and  the  Junction  Mining  Com- 
pany.    The  company  produces  about  22,- 
000,000   lb.   of  copper  per  annum.     The 
Calumet  &  Arizona  Mining  Company  has 
a  total  of  S2,001),000  stock  issued,  and  is 
a  reorganization  of  the  Lake  Superior  & 
Western     Development    Company.      The 
company's    lands    comprise    the    original 
mining  claims  at  Bisbee,  the  Mammoth 
group   bought  in    1907,  and  the  640-acre 
smeltery    site    at    Douglas    with    several 
other  groups  of  Arizona  claims  held  un- 
der bond  and  lease.    The  company  owns 
a  large  smeltery,  which   is   handling  the 
ore  of  both  mines.     The  Calumet  &  Ari- 
zona has  S4,00().()00  cash  on  hand,  while 
the  Superior  &  Pittsburg  has  about  S300,- 
000  in  cash,  and  owns  considerable  more 
land  than  the  former  company.     As  the 
two    properties    adjoin,    there    will    be    a 


large  saving  in  operation.  At  the  meet- 
ing of  the  directors  of  the  Calumet  &  Ari- 
zona Mining  Company  it  was  voted  to  in- 
crease the  capital  stock  of  the  company 
from  S2,500,000  to  S6,500,000.  The  mer- 
ger is  to  become  operative  before  April 
1,  if  stockholders  approve. 

Gila  County 

Cactus — Henry  Krumb  has  made  a  re- 
port on  this  property  to  Gay  &  Sturgis 
under  date  of  Nov.  10,  1910.  He  speaks 
of  certain  surface  indications  as  having 
been  such  as  to  justify  an  expenditure  of 
money  to  prospect  the  property,  but  no- 
where in  his  report  does  he  refer  to  any 
development  of  commercial  ore,  but  he 
says  "On  the  300- ft.  level  of  the  Hamil- 
ton shaft,  conditions  are  attractive  and 
encouraging.  *  *  *  *  When  this  level 
was  being  developed  you  had  every  rea- 
son to  assume  that  chances  of  finding 
commercial  ore  were  good." 

Ray  Central — The  development  of  this 
property  up  to  date  is  said  to  have  cost 
S450,000.  There  are  said  to  be  about 
1600  stockholders.  The  average  cost  of 
the  stock  to  most  of  these  is  said  to  be 
not  far  from  70c.  per  share.  The  prop- 
erty was  originally  known  as  the  Kelvin- 
Calumet,  and  when  floated  the  preferred 
stock  was  sold  at  SI  per  share,  two  shares 
of  common  being  given  as  bonus.  Later 
the  preferred  stock  was  retired  at  par, 
SI,  in  cash,  and  the  common  stock  was 
exchanged  for  Ray  Central  on  the  basis 
of  five  tor  one. 


Arkansas 
Arkansas  Anthracite  Coal  and  Land 
Company— This  company  states  that 
when  it  puts  its  second  plant  in  opera- 
tion, which  is  at  present  under  construc- 
tion at  ClarksviUe,  it  will  produce  a 
minimum  of  1000  tons  of  coal  per  day. 
The  plant  will  cost  from  S40,000  to  S50,- 
000,  and  all  machinery  has  been  pur- 
chased. Fremont  Stokes,  of  ClarksviUe, 
is  the  engineer  in  charge  of  construction. 
The  owners  are  Scranton,  Penn.,  people. 


California 

Amador  County 

Hardrnhiirg—TUe  new  working  shaft 
at  this  mine,  being  sunk,  will  be  carried 
to  1500  ft.  depth  before  any  prospect 
work  will  be  done.  It  will  take  15  to  18 
months   to   sink   the   shaft. 

Central  and  South  Eureka— These  Sut- 
ter Creek  mines  will  each  bear  one-half 
the    expense    for    the    electrically  driven 


pump  on  the  2750  level  of  the  South  Eur- 
eka to  raise  the  water  to  a  pump  on  the 
2000  level.  The  Central  Eureka  shaft 
is  2900  ft.  deep  and  that  of  the  South 
Eureka  2750   feet. 

Argonaut — At  this  mine,  Jackson,  a 
new  buddle  for  collecting  fine  slimes  and 
sulphides  is  being  erected. 

Butte  County 

Banner — The  Amoskey  Mining  Com- 
pany has  been  organized  at  Oroville  to 
reopen  and  work  this  old  mine.  Roger 
Kittrick,  Charles  Helman  and  other  Oro- 
ville men  are  interested. 

Mammoth  Channel — The  new  pumps  at 
tills  gravel  mine,  at  Magalia,  have  been 
installed  and  the  electric-power  line  com- 
pleted. It  is  expected  that  bedrock  will 
be  reached  by  Christmas. 

Calaveras  County 
Calarcras — This  company,   at  Copper- 
opolis,  is  building  a  dam  on  the  northern 
end   of  the   property   to  provide   a   water 
supply  during  the  dry  season. 

Fresno  County 

John  Jackson,  of  Dinuba,  has  discov- 
ered at  Bushy  ridge,  near  Dunlap,  a 
quartz  vein  carrying  rich  ore.  It  is  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  White  Cross  and  Bus- 
ter claims. 

Mono  County 

Casa  Diablo — At  this  property  the  main 
point  of  interest  is  the  drift  being  run 
to  cut  the  Granite  Mountain  vein.  Bul- 
lion is  being  brought  in   from  the  mine. 

Nevada  County 

Empire— The  new  175-ton  cyanide 
plant  of  this  important  Grass  Valley  mine 
has  been  started.  The  two  Oliver  filters 
are  each  of  fiO  tons  capacity. 

Tidal  Wave — J.  C.  Haney  has  given  a 
lease  on  this  mine  to  S.  G.  Beveridge,  of 
Grass  Valley,  and  two  others.  It  is  a 
drift  gravel  mine  on  the  Backbone  ranch, 
16  miles  from  Nevada  City,  near  North 
Blnomfield.  The  old  bedrock  tunnel  is 
being  reopened. 

Union  Bine  Gravel— M  this  property. 
North  Bloomfield,  the  tunnel  is  being  re- 
paired. 

Red  Ledge— K  tunnel  is  being  driven 
to  undercut  the  old  workings  in  this 
mine   at   Washington. 

Placer  County 

E.  H.  Armstrong  has  discovered  a  vein 
carrying  rich  ore  adjoining  the  Golden 
West  claim,  in  Canada  Hill  district.  The 
vein  was  found  while  developing  a  gravel 
channel. 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1225 


Shasta  County 
Uncle  Sam — At  this  mine,  Kennett,  work 
has  been  commenced  on  a  new  lO-stamp 
mill,  the  old  one  being  out  of  date. 

Graham — This  group  of  seven  claims, 
in  Copper  City  mining  district,  has  been 
placed  under  bond  to  Nevada  men,  who 
have  organized  the  Shasta-Belmont  Min- 
ing Company  to  work  the  claims.  B.  A. 
Graham  is  in  charge. 

Sierra  County 

Omega — A  water  wheel  will  be  in- 
stalled to  supplement  the  present  steam 
plant  by  F.  W.  Rohrer,  lessee.  An  electro- 
chemical process  for  recovering  the  gold 
will  be  installed  in  the  spring.  The  claim 
covers  a  large  area  of  gravel  deposit  near 
Forest. 

South  Fork — In  this  gravel  claim,  at 
Forest,  F.  W.  Kuhfeld,  superintendent, 
the  channel  has  been  located.  The  in- 
tersection was  made  just  a  mile  from 
the  mouth  of  the  tunnel. 

Irelan — These  claims  at  Alleghany  are 
under  bond  to  Frederick  Clark  with 
Ceorge  Hegarty  is  superintendent.  De- 
I'elopment  will  be  carried   on   all   winter. 

Columbia  Channel — In  this  property, 
^'  American  Hill,  near  Forest,  Evan 
(ones,  superintendent,  and  J.  M.  Harper, 
"anager,  the  force  will  be  increased.  Tne 
'orking  tunnel  is  3000  ft.  long  and  the 
iroperty  is  ready  to  wash  gravel  as  soon 
IS  the  rains  come. 

Highland  Mary — In  this  mine,  at  How- 
and  flat,  S.  T.  Fetherston,  superintendent, 
nachinery  has  been  put  in  and  three 
hifts  are  working  in  the  main  tunnel. 

Independence — In  this  Alleghany  mine 

compressor  has  been  installed  and  30 
len  are  employed.  The  shaft  will  be 
umped. 

Siskiyou  County 
Blue    Jeans — Preparations    are     being 
'ade  by  the  Siskiyou  Syndicate  to  extract 
le  high-grade  ore  in  this  mine,  at  Etna. 

Yuba  County 
While  excavating  for  a  telephone  pole, 
lugh   Dever  has  discovered  in  the  main 
treet  of  Smartsville,  croppings  of  a  vein 
liowing  free  gold. 


Colorado 
Clear  Creek  County 
Princess    of    India — At     Lawson,     six 
liles   from   Georgetown,   a   strike   is   re- 
orted   of  7   in.   of  ore    yielding  600   oz. 
Iver  per  ton. 

Ben  Harrison— Three   feet  of  S40  ore 
reported   to  have   been  opened   in  this 

ine,    near    the    Lamartine    group,    and 

A-ned  by  Alexander  &  Williams. 
Oneida — This  mine  is  shipping  one  car 

-•r  day  to  the  Golden. 
Dives-Pelican — Strikes    of    rich    silver 
e   continue    to    be    reported    from    the 

orkings    of    this   early    day    silver    pro- 


ducer. From  the  Hercules  level,  under 
lease  to  M.  O'Hagan  &  Co.,  comes  the 
news  that  at  the  bottom  of  a  92-ft.  shaft 
6  in.  of  ore  has  been  opened  that  runs 
150  oz.  silver  and  30  per  cent.  lead.  They 
also  have  18  in.  of  ore  carrying  28  per 
cent,  zinc  and  30  oz.  silver.  On  the  Seven- 
Thirty  vein,  a  test  mill  run  of  a  streak  7 
in.  wide  and  5()  ft.  long,  yielded  170  oz. 
silver.  On  the  same  vein  Alkire  &  Co., 
are  reported  to  have  10  in.  of  400  oz. 
silver  ore.  On  the  Pelican  mine,  the 
Burleigh  company  is  shipping  from  a  5- 
fi.  vein,  ore  that  yields  500  oz.  silver 
per  ton.  The  Dives-Pelican,  and  Seven- 
Thirty  companies  are  pushing  develop- 
ment, and  leases  are  in  demand. 

Katie  Emmet — In  this  mine,  up  Cas- 
cade canon  near  Idaho  Springs,  it  is  re- 
ported that  an  8-in.  vein  of  ore  has  been 
opened  that  carries   12  oz.  gold  per  ton. 

Lamartine — Leasers  on  the  Lamartine 
group  are  making  steady  shipments  of 
ore  netting  from  S32  to  S49  per  ton. 

Lake  County — Leadville 

Lime — The  lessees  of  this  property,  in 
California  gulch,  have,  it  is  now  stated, 
a  contract,  which  enables  them  to  ship 
ore  which  will  run  as  low  as  20  per  cent, 
zinc.  Hitherto  zinc-ore  buyers  have  stip- 
ulated that  it  must  run  25  per  cent,  and 
this  reduction  will  be  a  great  boon  to  the 
district.  The  Lime  property  belongs  to 
the  Iron-Silver  company. 

Amity — Connections  have  been  made 
with  the  Amity  shaft  by  the  Berdelia  tun- 
nel. Prospecting  the  vein  will  be  com- 
menced as  soon  as  the  old  workings  have 
been  cleaned. 

San  Juan  District 

A  report  comes  that  on  the  San  Miguel 
river  Hi  miles  from  Telluride,  San  Miguel 
county,  a  discovery  has  been  made  of  a 
vein  carrying  1 1  per  cent,  vanadium  ox- 
ide. Wilson  and  Lund  were  the  men 
who  found  the  ore. 

In  November,  San  Juan  county  shipped 
2400  tons  of  concentrates  and  1350  tons 
of  crude  ore.  It  is  expected  that  the 
total  tonnage  of  the  year  will  exceed  that 
of  1909  by  9000  tons  and  in  ore  content 
should  exceed  the  previous  year  by 
$400,000. 

Crispain  Blaine-  This  mine,  above  Eu- 
reka, has  been  equipped  with  shaft  house 
and  hoist  and  will  sink  to  connect  with 
the  drift  driven  in  from  the  Animas 
canon. 

Crown  Prince — This  mine  has  con- 
structed 40x70- ft.  building  at  the  base 
of  the  cliffs  800  ft.  above  Eureka.  A 
ground  tramway  connects  with  the  Sil- 
verton  Northern  railroad  below.  A  cross- 
cut has  been  started  which  is  expected 
will  cut  the  vein  175  ft.  deep  inside  of 
250    feet. 

Iowa  Tiger-In  this  mine  the  leasers 
have  9000  tons  of  lead  ore  broken  in 
the   stopes.     In  the   lower  drift  5  in.   of 


g;'.lena  has  come  in  with  the  quartz.  The 
drift  will  have  to  be  carried  forward  300 
to  400  ft.  to  reach  the  main  shoot  exposed 
in  the  upper  levels.  The  free  gold  from 
Tiger  mine,  across  Silver  lake,  treated  in 
the  small  mill,  adds  to  the  value  of  the 
joint  lots  shipped. 

Emma — This  mine  in  Golden  Horn 
basin  has  been  purchased  by  J.  A.  Mc- 
Crimmon.  Four  men  will  push  the  de- 
velopment during  the  winter.  The  prop- 
erty has  produced  S4(),000  in  lead-silver 
ore. 

Tomboy — Returns  for  November  are: 
Crushed,  10,000  tons;  yielding  bullion, 
S44,500;  concentrates  shipped,  S24,000; 
total  receipts,  568,500;  profit,  $25,000. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
El  Paso — The  output  of  the  EI  Paso 
mine  for  November  by  lessees  was  75 
cars,  of  an  average  value  of  S22.50  per 
ton.  Machines  have  been  put  to  work  on 
the  fifth  level,  and  the  sixth  level  is  being 
cleaned  out.  Now  the  lower  levels  have 
been  unwatered,  the  output  will  be  large- 
ly  increased. 

Stratton  Estate — A  two  years'  exten- 
sion of  its  lease  on  the  American  Eagles 
has  been  granted  to  the  Colorado  Mines 
and  Investment  Company,  which  has 
worked  that  property  at  a  profit  for  a 
year  past.  Four  cars  of  high-grade  gold 
ore  were  shipped   in   November. 

Pride  of  Cripple  Creek — This  property, 
being  operated  by  the  Pride  Leasing 
Company,  is  said  to  be  shipping  about  20 
cars  per  month  of  ore  yielding  1  oz.  gold 
per  ton.  The  leasing  company  has  a  five 
years'  lease,  and  has  spent  S60,000  in 
improvements,  all  of  which  is  said  to  have 
been  repaid  from  sales  of  ore,  with  di- 
vidends besides. 

Vindicator — As  a  third  compartment  is 
being  sunk  in  the  Vindicator  main  shaft, 
the  product  of  that  mine  is  being  brought 
out  through  the  shaft  of  the  Hull  City 
mine,  also  owned  by  this  company.  The 
output  for  November  was  about  1500 
tons. 

Isabella — The  output  of  this  mine  and 
the  Empire  State,  of  the  same  company, 
was  65  cars  in  November. 

Illinois 

Ziegler — This  mine  has  at  last  resumed 
operations  under  the  ownership  of  the 
Bell  &  ZoUer  Mining  Company.  Since 
May,  the  work  of  cleaning  out  the  mine 
and  preparing  it  for  work  has  been  un- 
der way,  under  the  immediate  supervi- 
sion of  Robert  Zoller.  The  mine  was  ori- 
ginally opened  by  the  Zeigler  family,  of 
Chicago,  and  became  widely  known  ow- 
ing to  the  long  and  bitter  fight  between 
the  owners  and  the  miners'  union.  Two 
years  ago  it  was  closed  after  an  explo- 
sion which  wrecked  the  mine  and  killed 
a  number  of  men.  During  the  progress 
of  the  work  of  cleaning  up  it  was  found 


I 


1226 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


necessary  to  bring  to  the  surface  375  rail- 
road carloads  of  debris  of  all  descriptions, 
besides  pumping  out  an  immense  quantity 
cf  water — the  natural  water  of  the  mine, 
increased  by  the  volumes  pumped  in  at 
the  time  of  the  fire  and  to  extinguish  the 
flames.  The  mine  was  found  in  good 
shape  and  needing  very  little  repairs.  A 
quantity  of  timbering  had  to  be  replaced, 
but  the  equipment  and  even  the  electric 
wiring  were  found  in  good  condition.  It 
has  now  been  fully  equipped  in  accord- 
ance with  the  recent  coal-mine  legislation 
in  this  State,  and  was  ready  for  work 
when  the  whistle  blew  on  Dec.  1.  It 
was  originally  laid  out  as  a  5000-ton 
mine,  and  the  present  owners  expect  to 
work  it  rapidly  up  to  a  production  of  4000 
tons  daily.  The  present  scarcity  of  min- 
ers is  the  main  obstacle  in  the  way  of 
immediately  reaching  a  maximum  pro- 
duction. It  is  a  machine  mine,  having  a 
thick  vein,  in  some  places  approximating 
16  ft.  The  shaft  is  417  ft.  in  depth,  and 
the  coal  of  as  high  quality  as  any  in 
Illinois.  Railroad  connections  are  ample, 
three  roads  reaching  the  mine — the  Illi- 
nois Central,  the  Chicago.  Burlington  & 
Quincy  and  the  Iron  Mountain. 

Indiana 

Gibson  County 
The  past  week  has  been  dull  in  the 
Oakland  City  oilfield.  Only  one  well  has 
been  completed,  but  it  is  a  50-bbl.  pro- 
ducer. A  number  of  new  wells  have  been 
started.  A  number  of  leases  have 
changed  hands  and  test  wells  have  been 
started  in  new  territory.  The  Shoup  Oil 
Company  has  six  wells  producing  at  the 
Wiggins  farm,  near  Patoka. 

Greene  County 
"Another  new  mine  has  been  opened 
three  miles  south  of  Linton  by  Usrey 
Brothers.  At  a  depth  of  42  ft.  a  5V,-it. 
vein  of  excellent  coal  was  found  and  the 
owners  are  preparing  to  work  it  on  a 
large  scale. 

A  portion  of  the  Robinson  Brothers' 
Big  Four  mine,  near  Linton,  has  caved  in 
and  a  number  of  houses  directly  over 
the  mine  were  wrecked. 

Tug  Moegan.  a  miner  employed  at  Van- 
dalia  mine  No.  9,  has  made  a  new  record 
of  pick  work  for  the  miners  in  this  dis- 
.trict.  He  earned  S133  in  two  weeks  lack- 
ing one  day. 

Dunn— This  coal  mine,  southwest  of 
Linton,  has  been  worked  out  and  aban- 
doned and  a  new  mine  is  being  opened 
for  development  about  a  mile  northwest 
of  Linton.  The  company  is  busy  in- 
stalling machinery  and  is  rushing  the 
■work.  The  company  has  a  large  number 
of  orders  and  every  day  means  something 
at  this  time. 

Warrick   County 

After  three  days'  fight  the  members  of 
the  mine  rescue  car  brnught  from  Linton 
v/ere  able  to  corner  the  fire  in  the  Menden 


mine,  near  Boonville,  which  had  been 
raging  for  two  weeks.  Engineers  under 
direction  of  Captain  Sams  entered  the 
mine  and  got  within  fighting  distance 
of  the  fire.  It  was  found  that  the  blaze 
was  in  one  entry  and  this  was  walled  up 
and  sealed  with  a  double  canvas,  and 
kept  the  air  away  from  t'  e  blaze  and  trie 
fire  finally  smoldered  out  for  lack  of  any 
draft.  After  the  blaze  was  smothered  out 
the  car  was  taken  to  EvansviUe,  where 
it  will  be  l:ept  and  the  new  rescue  station 
fitted  up.  Work  at  the  Menden  mine  has 
been  resumed. 

James  W.  Paul,  of  Pittsburg,  in  charge 
of  the  mine  rescue  work  frr  the  Bureau 
of  Mines,  will  visit  the  Indiana  coalfields 
next  week  and  will  inspect  the  rescue 
car  now  parked  at  EvansviUe,  and  give 
directions  toward  the  establishment  of 
the  rescue  station. 


Louisieina 

Avery  Company — This  company  was 
recently  formed  to  take  over  the  rock- 
salt  deposit  underlying  Avery  island  and 
comprising  some  2500  acres  of  land,  and 
the  mining  right  to  the  same.  This  de- 
posit is  owned  by  the  Avery  family,  is 
now  worked  under  a  lease  for  a  limited 
time  in  the  shape  of  rental  and  royalty 
basis  by  the  Avery  Rock  Salt  Mining 
Company,  with  headquarters  at  Scranton, 
Penn.  The  output  now  averages  some- 
thing over  80,000  tons  per  annum. 


Michigan 
Copper 

New  Baltic — The  shaft  is  in  the  bed- 
rock at  100  ft.  It  is  probable  that  the 
first  crosscut  to  the  lode  will  be  put  in  at 
200  feet. 

Lake — The  shaft  is  to  the  eighth  level 
and  a  crosscut  has  been  started  to  the 
lode.  The  crosscut  from  the  seventh  level 
has  cut  through  the  lode  and  drifting 
has  been  started.  The  formation  is  uni- 
form and  mineralized.  The  compressor 
and  boiler  houses  have  been  completed 
and  the  machinery  is  being  erected.  With 
this  equipment  a  more  agressive  policy 
can  be  pursued. 

Cclumet  &  Hecla — This  company  is 
erecting  a  structural  steel  collar  and  skip 
house  at  the 'mouth  of  No.  15  shaft  on  the 
Osceola  amygdaloid  lode  and  similar  ones 
will  be  erected  at  shafts  13,  14  and  16. 
At  No.  15  shaft  plant  an  electrically 
driven  compressor  is  being  installed  to 
act  as  a  booster  and  bring  the  air  pres- 
sure in  this  shaft  up  to  about  85  lb.  pres- 
sure for  the  operations  of  drills.  Various 
types  of  drills  will  be  given  a  trial  at 
this  point. 

Wyandot — This  company  has  started 
sinking  a  shaft  to  open  the  copper-bear- 
ing formation  that  has  been  exposed  by 
drill  cores  and  trenching  and  operations 
al  the  long  crosscut  from  the  bottom  of 
its    No.    1 1    exploratory    shaft    has    been 


suspended.  Several  copper-bearing  lodes 
were  encountered  in  this  crosscut  but 
nothing  consistent. 

Hancock — Sinking  has  been  temporar- 
ily suspended  at  No.  2  shaft  at  2650  ft., 
while  a  station  is  being  put  in  at  2600  ft. 
where  two  loading  bins  will  be  installed. 
On  the  No.  3  lode,  tributary  to  No.  1 
shaft  drifting  is  being  done  at  thj 
12th.  13th,  I4th,  15th,  16th  and  18th 
le\'els  with  good  ground  showing  through- 
out. Timber  is  being  put  in  at  some 
of  the  levels  making  ready  for  sloping. 
The  surface  equipment  is  completed  and 
everything  in  readiness  to  begin  rock 
shipments  to  one  of  the  custom  mills. 

Algomah — About  85  ft.  of  drifting  has 
been  done  at  the  104-ft.  level  of  this  com- 
p.-ny's  shaft  with  about  the  same  grade 
of  ore  showing  that  was  exposed  in  the 
shaft,  with  an  occasional  lean  streak. 

South  Lake — This  company  will  put 
down  additional  drill  holes  before  de- 
ciding upon  the  permanent  shaft  site.  No. 
6  hole  has  passed  through  the  second  of 
the  copper-bearing  lodes.  The  survey  for 
the  railway  spur  is  being  made.  It  is  not 
likely  that  ground  will  be  broken  for  the 
shaft  until  early  spring. 

Onecoa — This  company  has  started  to 
unwater  its  shaft,  which  was  put  down  a 
number  of  years  ago  on  the  Oneco  lode 
to  500  ft.  Drill  cores  from  this  forma- 
tion at  a  greater  depth  showed  it  well 
mineralized.  It  is  planned  to  sink  the 
shaft  deeper. 

Winona — At  the  stamp  mill  owned  by 
this  and  the  King  Philip  Company  the 
first  head  will  go  into  service  early  in 
1911.  No.  4  shaft  is  down  to  the  15th 
level  and  the  lode  at  the  14th  is  charged 
with  copper.  This  company  has  ground 
opened  sufficient  to  keep  the  mill  sup- 
plied. 

King  Phillip — Sinking  is  going  forward 
in  this  company's  two  shafts.  No.  1  is 
close  to  the  14th  level  and  No.  2  sinking 
toward  the  12th.  A  large  amount  of 
ground  is  being  opened  with  good  results. 


\ 


Minnesota 
The  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation  is  making 
rapid  progress  in  the  erection  of  its  plant  J 
at  Duluth,  for  which  the  company  has  al-    I 
ready    appropriated    $16,000,000.      This 
plant  will  have  a  blast-furnace  capacity 
of  800  tons,  and  when  completed  will  he, 
larger    than    that    of    the    Illinois    Steel 
Company,    at    South    Chicago.      It  will 
probably  be  two  years  before  it  is  com- 
pleted. 

Missouri 

The  cold  weather  of  the  last  two  weeks 
has  shown  the  two  gas  companies  to  bt 
entirely  unable  to  furnish  an  adequatt 
supply  of  natural  gas  for  the  mines.  Thi 
mines  using  gas  for  fuel  have  beei 
obliged  to  shut  down  or  run  on  shot 
time.      It    is   a    foregone    conclusion  tha 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1227 


the  use  of  natural  gas  for  fuel  in  the 
mining  district  is  only  for  a  short  time 
and  that  the  ultimate  power  for  the  dis- 
tric  A'ill  be  coal  and  electricity. 

Melrose — This  company  operating  on  a 
lease  north  of  Duenweg,  is  completing 
the  350-ton  mill.  This  mine  has  one  of 
the  richest  sheet-ground  prospects  yet 
found  in  the  district.  W.  N.  Squires, 
Joplin,  is  manager. 

Chinkapin — This  is  a  new  mine  in  the 
North  Fork  camp  at  Neck  City  near  the 
Cliffwood  mine  on  the  W.  E.  Patten  land. 
Mignonette — This  mine  has  been  sold 
to  the  Leonard  H.  company  for  the  re- 
ported consideration  of  SIOO,000.  The 
company  has  a  150-ton  mill  and  a  24- 
acre  lease.  F.  B.  Haughton,  of  Oklahoma 
City,  is  president.  R.  E.  Blankinship.  of 
Carthage,  vice-president  and  J.  L.  Ed- 
v.ards,  of  Carthage,  is  secretary  and  man- 
ager. 

Empire  Zinc — This  company  is  making 
a  shipment  of  3000  tons  of  zinc  carbonate 
fiom  the  Alice  mine  in  Howell  county. 

Kramer — This  company  has  the  mill 
on  the  Herald  mine  completed  and  is 
starting  to  mill. 

Hella  Mining  and  Development — This 
company  has  made  some  rich  strikes  on 
the  Lyttle  land  near  Cave  Springs.  H. 
H.  Whitesell,  of  Joplin,  is  manager. 

Billy  Sunday — This  mine  on  a  lease 
north  of  the  Kalitan  mine  has  been  mak- 
ing a  good  record  on  a  shallow  deposit 
in  soft  ground. 


Montana 
Butte  District 
Anaconda~-¥rom  the  lOOO-ft.  level 
north  crosscut  in  the  Silver  Bow  mine  a 
raise  is  being  run  to  connect  with  the 
Berkley  shaft,  which  will  deepen  that 
shaft  from  800- ft.  level  to  the  1000.  The 
raise  will  probably  take  two  months  to 
complete.  The  Silver  Bow  is  producing 
about  275  tons  daily,  while  the  Berkley 
produces  about  350  tons.  The  two  Gray 
Rocks — East  and  West — produce  a  total 
of  700  tons  daily. 

Tuolumne — Immediately  after  the  set- 
tlement of  litigation  with  the  North  Butte 
company  the  directors  met  and  decided 
upon  enlarging  the  production  of  the 
mine  to  1500  tons  daily.  A  spur  will  be 
extended  to  the  mine  from  the  main  line 
of  the  Great  Northern  tracks  and  the 
costly  haul  by  teams  avoided.  A  hoist, 
good  for  350  ft.,  will  be  ordered  imme- 
diately as  well  as  a  steel  gallows  frame. 
so  that  the  ore  may  be  hoisted  with  skips. 
The  shaft  will  be  sunk  from  the  1400-ft. 
to  the  2000- ft.  level.  The  output  will 
probably  average  about  200  tons  daily, 
while  the  improvements  are  being  made. 
Arrangements  are  being  made  for  the 
construction  of  a  smeltery  having  a  ca- 
pacity of  1000  tons  daily  and  the  plant 
will  be  arranged  so  that  the  capacity  may 


be  enlarged  1500  tons,  giving  a  total  daily 
capacity  of  2500  tons.  Representatives 
from  the  East  have  been  on  the  ground 
making  an  examination  for  this  purpose. 
It  is  unofficially  stated  that  another  cor- 
poration will  be  formed  for  the  purpose 
of  erecting  the  smeltery  and  that  the 
Tuolumne  company  will  control  60  per 
cent,  of  its  stock. 

Stonewall  &  Arctic — Pittsburg  people 
have  obtained  a  SI 20,000  bond  on  the 
claims,  situated  north  of  the  Butte  & 
Superior  property.  The  claims  are  owned 
by  Lee  Mantle,  C.  S.  Warren  and  .]. 
Chauvin,  of  Butte.  It  is  planned  to  start 
operations  the   first  of  the   year. 

Copper  Eagle  Mining  and  Smelting 
Company — The  Northv/estern  Coal  Com- 
pany has  started  .suit  against  the  com- 
pany to  recover  .S8661  for  coal  and  other 
claims  of  labor,  etc.,  which  were  assigned 
to   the    plaintiff. 

Summit  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Com- 
pany— The  property  is  nine  miles  south 
of  Butte.  The  following  officers  were 
elected:  President  and  treasurer,  Jos- 
eph Turner:  vice-president,  Joseph  Pall- 
weber,  and  secretary,  A.  J.  Rosier. 

Goldsmith — The  recent  strike  of  sil- 
ver and  gold  ore  in  the  property  is  prov- 
ing richer  than  expected.  The  last  car 
shipped  netted  the  leasers  $17,000.  The 
ore  runs  as  high  as  600  oz.  in  silver  and 
S200  in  gold  to  the  ton. 

Broadwater  County 
Keating— On  the  400-ft.  level  the  ore 
is  4  ft.  wide  and  is  richer  than  any  en- 
countered thus  far.  Shipments  have 
been  made  at  the  rate  of  one  car  daily. 
Deer  Lodge  County 
C.  P.  Nevin,  of  Butte,  is  having  an 
examination  made  of  Charles  McGrath's 
Bonanza  mine,  on  Silver  lake.  The 
property  carries  silver  and  gold.  Eu- 
gene Cotter  and  Nick  Kelly,  owners  of 
the  Cincinnati  Quartz  claim,  have  given 
a  13-month  lease  and  bond  on  the  mine 
to  Tim  Egan  and  John  Nicholson.  The 
High  Grade  Mining  Company  is  carry- 
ing on  operations. 

Lewis  and  Clark  County 
Miller  &  Son  have  been  making  steady 
shipments  from  their  gold  property  in 
Confederate  gulch.  A.  Rossman,  who 
has  a  lease  on  a  claim  belonging  to 
David  Rankin,  is  also  shipping  to  East 
Helena.  The  Magpie  Development  Com- 
pany is  erecting  its  dredge  at  the  mouth 
of  Magpie  gulch  as  fast  as  machinery 
arrives  and  expects  to  have  it  in  read- 
iness  for  operation  by  January. 

Lincoln  County 
Preparations  are  being  made  to  en- 
large the  mill  on  the  Brick  and  Bran- 
nigan  properly,  owned  by  the  Fisher 
Creek  Company,  from  20-ton  to  100-ton 
capacity.  The  property  comprises  six 
quartz  and  three  placer  claims,  35  miles 
south   of   Libby.     The   Montana   Consol- 


idated Mining  Company  has  secured  a 
lease  and  bond  on  the  American-Kootenai 
gold  mine  from  the  Euclid  Mining  and 
Milling  Company.  The  lease  is  for  four 
years  and  calls  for  a. 10  per  cent,  royalty. 
The  Kalispell  Lincoln  Mining  and  Mill- 
ing Company  plans  to  erect  a  stamp  mill 
on   the   property,   south   of  Libby. 

Madison  County 
Iron  Rod  Mill — The  new  I5-stamp  mill 
will  be  ready  for  operation  shortly  and 
will  have  a  capacity  of  25  tons  daily. 
The  ore  from  the  Hudson  mine  is  being 
hauled  to  the  mill. 

Montana-Hecla — The  tunnel  is  in  400 
ft.  and  will  be  driven  2000  in  all.  The 
8- ft.  lead  carries  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

Calumet  Copper  Company — The  prop- 
erty is  in  Cottonwood  gulch.  Two  shifts 
are  at  work  driving  the  tunnel  on  the 
14-ft.  lead,  which  carries  gold,  silver  and 
copper. 

Toledo — J.  Y.  Davis  has  secured  a  lease 
i'.nd  bond  on  the  property,  at  Brandon  and 
pumping  out  the  shafts  will  be  begun  at 
once.  No.  2  shaft  will  first  be  pumped 
out  and  the  lead  on  No.  1  mine  will  be 
worked  through  No.  2  shaft. 
Missoula  County 

Iron  Mountain  Tunnel  Company — The 
mill  has  been  worked  with  success  on 
the  ore  from  the  1850- ft.  level  but  in 
view  of  the  difficulty  of  transporting  sup- 
plies during  the  winter  months  the  prop- 
erty will  be  closed  until  the  spring.  Dur- 
ing that  time  the  shaft  will  be  sunk  to 
2000  feet. 

Davis  Copper — The  company  has  re- 
cently been  incorporated  with  a  capital 
of  SIOO.OOO  by  T.  E.  Booth,  Fleming 
Davis,  Olive  P.  Barber,  L.  M.  Davis  and 
E.  F.  Booth,  with  the  principal  place  of 
business  in  Missoula. 

North  Carolina 
Dr.  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  the  State  geo  o- 
gist  of  North  Carolina,  is,  in  compa  ly 
with  Doctor  Watson,  the  Virginia  State 
geologist,  making  a  survey  of  the  Vi  •- 
gilina  copper  district,  which  etibiaces  an 
area  of  35  miles  long  from  north  to  sou  1. 
and  10  miles  wide,  lying  in  Halifax  coui  - 
ty  Virginia,  Granville  and  Person  coui, 
ties,  in  North  Carolina.  As  a  result  o: 
the  investigation  a  joint  report  will  be 
made  by  the  two  States.  This  will  soon 
be  published,  nearly  all  data  having  been 
already  gathered. 

Tennessee 
A  consolidation  has  been  effected  in- 
volving every  coal  company  in  the  Chat- 
tanooga section  except  the  Mont  Lake 
Company.  The  corporation  was  officially 
announced,  Dec.  1.  The  consolidation  in- 
volves the  Fox  Coal  Company,  the  Dur- 
ham Coal  and  Coke  Company  and  the 
Salt  Creek  Coal  Company.  The  office 
is  at  Chattanooga. 


1228 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,   1910. 


Texas 
Texas  Iron  and  Coal  Company — This 
cornpany,  organized  by  New  York,  Phila- 
dclpiiia  and  Texas  people,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $3,000,000,  has  acquired  about 
52,000  acres  of  ore  land  in  east  Texas. 
It  proposes  to  develop  these  holdings  and 
ship  the  ore  coastwise.  A  railroad  30 
miles  long  to  give  connection  to  Port 
Bolivar  is  planned. 


Utah 
Beaver  County 
Horn  Silver — The  company  will  begin 
construction  of  a  experimental  mill  with 
75  tons  daily  capacity.  A  considerable 
tonnage  has  been  broken  and  stored  in 
the  mine  awaiting  treatment.  The  ore 
carries  from  8  to  10  per  cent,  zinc,  and 
about  the  same  amount  in  lead,  with 
some  silver  and  gold.  At  the  New  York 
meeting,  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  President  Harrison  was  not  filled,  and 
his  successor  will  probably  be  chosen 
at  the  meeting  in  December.  M.  C.  Mor- 
ris, P.  T.  Farnsworth  and  T.  E.  Hodgeskin 
were  elected  to  the  board  of  directors. 

Juab  County 

Union  Chief — Settlement  was  received 
Dec.  2  for  the  first  lot  of  ore.  A  ship- 
ment of  63  tons  brought  S1769  net  smelter 
returns.  Considerable  lead-silver  ore  has 
been  developed. 

Gemini — Between  20  and  30  tons  of 
shipping  ore  is  being  mined  daily  from 
the  Gemini,  and  Ridge  &  Valley.  Devel- 
opment is  being  done  at  both  properties. 

King  William — This  company  has  been 
financed  to  carry  on  its  development,  and 
has  still  stock  in  the  treasury.  The  drift 
from  the  lOOO-ft.  level  of  the  Eagle  & 
Blue  Bell  has  passed  through  the  white 
limestone  into  the  blue  or  ore-bearing 
limestone.     Work   is  being  pushed. 

East  Tintic  Development — A  mortgage 
on  this  property  has  been  taken  by  east- 
ern stockholders,  who  have  advanced  the 
funds  necessary  for  the  payment  of  the 
outstanding  debts.  Leasers  are  reported 
to  be  doing  well,  and  work  on  company 
account  will  be   resumed. 

Baltimore — Work  is  being  done  on  this 
group  of  five  claims  in  North  Tintic. 

Tintic  Empire — Work  will  be  resumed 
shortly  on  this  property.  A  shaft  has 
been  sunk  102  feet. 

Iron  Hat — Application  for  patent  has 
been  made  on  claims  in  the  east  end  of 
the  district.  This  will  go  through  with- 
out protest,  as  the  Schwab  company 
which  brought  suit  has  compromised,  and 
received  a  block  of  Iron  Hat  stock  for 
certain  concessions.  It  is  planned  to  sink 
a  500-ft.  shaft  to  prospect  the  ground 
below  the  iron  deposits. 

Mammoth — Drifting  is  being  done  on 
the  1300  level  toward  the  Gold  Chain,  to 
prospect  for  the  mineralized  zone,  which 


extends  through  that  property.  A  distance 
CI  500  ft.  must  be  driven. 

Knight  Power  Company — It  is  pro- 
posed to  consolidate  with  the  Utah  Light 
and  Power  Company,  which  owns  a 
power  plant  in  American  Fork  canon. 
The  Knight  company  owns  the  Santaquin 
power  plant.  Both  of  these  plants  fur- 
nish power  to  the  Tintic  district,  and  are 
controlled  by  the  Knight  interests. 

Yankee — The  drift  on  the  1300.  which 
is  being  driven  to  take  care  of  water  from 
the  shaft  will  be  finished  shortly,  and 
sinking  to  the  1700  level  resumed. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Ohio  Copper — The  ore  handled  at  the 
mill  is  reported  to  have  been  increased 
from  1700  tons  in  November  to  around 
1850  tons  daily. 

Bingham  Amalgamated — A  decision 
was  given  by  Judge  Marshall  in  the 
United  States  district  court  Dec.  5  by 
which  the  Bingham  Amalgamated  Com- 
pany was  given  title  to  Copper  Belt 
claims  No.  1  and  2  in  the  West  Mountain 
mining  district.  The  Ute  Copper  Com- 
pany claimed  title  to  a  part  of  the  ground, 
as  being  included  in  the  Abraham  group. 
Suit  was  brought  a  year  ago,  and  has 
been  before  the  court  since  that  time. 

Columbus  Consolidated — Water  was 
struck  recently  on  the  400-ft.  level,  and  is 
reporting  to  be  giving  trouble.  Pumps 
have  been  installed  to  bring  the  water  to 
the  tunnel  level.  The  power  plant  down 
the  canon  has  been  handicapped  by  the 
unusually   dry   season. 

Columbus  Extension — Development  is 
being  done  on  the  contact  between  lime- 
stone and  quartzite  near  the  face  of  the 
tunnel.  Three  feet  of  shipping  ore  is 
reported.  The  contact  dips  45  degrees 
east  here,  but  is  flatter  near  the  surface. 

South  Columbus — This  company  holds 
100,000  shares  of  the  South  Hecla  re- 
ceived from  the  sale  of  its  properties.  A 
statement  has  been  issued  to  stockholders 
urging  them  to  exchange  their  South  Co- 
lumbus certificates  for  stock  in  the  new 
company.  The  exchange  will  he  made  on 
the  basis  of  one  share  of  South  Hecla 
for  five  of  South  Columbus.  As  soon  as 
the  exchange  has  been  made,  the  South 
Columbus  company  will  be  dissolved. 

Summit  County 

Little  Bell — The  mill  is  operating  one 
shift,  handling  25  tons  daily.  It  is  ex- 
pected to  soon  bring  it  up  to  normal  ca- 
pacity, which  will  be  between  50  and  (50 
tons  on  two  shifts.  The  milling  ore  is 
largely  oxidized,  and  carries  froin  S12  to 
S14  in  lead  and  silver. 

Daly-Judge — Tests  are  being  made  on 
zinc  ores  by  the  McQuisten  process  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  a  new  slime  table  has 
been  installed  at  the  mill  for  experi- 
mental work.  During  November,  4253 
mine  cars  of  milling  ore  and  480  mine 
cars  of  shinpirrc  r^vr-  were  produced.     The 


No.  2  Daly  stope  on  the  1200  level  fur- 
nished a  large  tonnage:  the  zinc  middl- 
ings amounted  to  457,870  pounds. 

Virginia — This  company  has  been  or- 
ganized by  E.  P.  Evans  and  associates  of 
Park  City,  to  operate  a  10-months  lease 
on  the  properties  of  the  C.  C.  Consoli- 
dated in  Thaynes  canon.  Work  has  been 
started  in  the  California  tunnel,  and  has 
opened  up  ore,  carrying  silver,  lead  and 
copper.  Zinc  occurs  in  parts  of  the  prop- 
erty. 

Thompson-Quincy — A  special  meeting 
of  the  Thompson  stockholders  was  held 
Nov.  30,  in  which  the  matter  of  disposing 
of  this  company's  property  to  the  newly 
oiganized  Thompson-Quincy  Company 
was  ratified.  The  West  Quincy  share- 
holders did  not  take  any  definite  action 
on  this  point,  and  adjourned  to  Dec.   15. 


Washington 
Ferry   County 
Copper    Butte — Development    on    this 
property,    on    Toulon    mountain,    is    pro- 
gressing   under    the    direction    of    Hugh 
Ranahan,    Orient. 

Kittitas  County 
Skookum  Copper — Frank  Carpenter, 
of  Cle  Elum,  has  been  appointed  re- 
ceiver. The  liabilities  are  S20,000  and 
the  assets  aside  from  the  property 
S75,000.  The  property  is  now  on  a  pay- 
ing basis,  and  it  is  thought  the  trouble 
will  soon  be  settled. 

Spokane  County 

Tungsten  King — The  tunnel  is  in  420 
ft.  and  returns  from  samples  show  68 
per  cent,  tungstic  acid.  F.  E.  Hoskins, 
Deer   Park,   is   manager. 

Fred  Pindall — A  discovery  of  tungsten 
ore  was  made  on  this  property,  near  the 
Blue  Grouse,  in  the  Loon  Lake  district. 

Canada 

Ontario 

During  November  the  shipments  of 
bullion  from  Cobalt  totalled  157,556  oz., 
valued  at  S87,243.  The  ore  shipments 
were  1400  tons  in  advance  of  the  preced- 
ing period  of  1909,  aggregating  3864 
tons.  The  gain  for  the  first  eleven 
months  of  1910  over  the  same  period  in 
1909  is  2936  tons,  besides  bullion  to  the 
value  of  S403,802. 

Shipments  from  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Dec.  2  were:  Drummond,  460.000 
lb  ;  Nipissing,  398,480;  La  Rose.  259,- 
250;  Kerr  Lake,  254,570;  McKinley-Dar- 
ragh,  202,100;  Right  of  Way,  80,460; 
Coniagas,  71,880;  Chambers-Ferland,  64- 
000;  Little  Nipissing,  63,580;  Buffalo, 
61,490;  Beaver.  54,160;  Provincial,  40,- 
000;  total,  2,009,970  lb.  Bullion- 
O'Brien,  2.S.904  ounces. 

Trethen'cy — This  company  has  in- 
creased the  capacity  of  the  concentrator 
to   120  tons  a  day. 


i 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1229 


Kerrey — This  Cobalt  company  is  pre- 
paring to  develop  the  veins  at  the  300- ft. 
level. 

McKinlcy-Darragh — A  special  car  car- 
rying a  number  of  the  directors  who  will 
inspect  the  property  arrived  in  Cobalt. 
The  manager  states  that  the  production 
for  the  year  will  be  2,500,000  ounces. 

Nipissing — A  new  high-grade  vein  has 
teen  found  in  the  workings  of  the  No. 
122  shaft  of  this  property.  Several  other 
important  ore  shoots  have  also  been 
opened  up,  the  most  important  being  in 
the  Kendall  and  No.  64  shafts.  During 
November,  ore  to  the  value  of  ,S200,851, 
net,  was  mined,  and  the  value  of  the  ship- 
ments was  S398,410. 

Otisse-Currie — The  assets  of  this  Elk 
Lake  company,  now  in  liquidation,  are  of- 
fered for  sale  by  tender,  bids  being  re- 
:eivable  to  Dec.  28. 

Green-Meehan — A.  M.  Thomsen,  of 
California,  who  has  received  a  conditional 
ease  of  this  Cobalt  mine,  has  started  to 
inwater  it,  so  as  to  make  an  investigation 
md  re-survey. 

Nova  Scotia — An  agreement  has  been 
effected  between  this  Cobalt  company  and 
he  Peterson  Lake,  under  which  all  ore 
aken  from  the  territory  in  dispute  will 
■e  run  through  the  Nova  Scotia  mill  and 
hipped,  the  proceeds  being  retained  in 
he  Peterson  Lake  treasury  until  the 
ourts  decide  the  question  between  them. 
Cobalt  Lake — The  Morrison  vein,  in 
hich  this  Cobalt  mine  has  been  stop- 
ig  from  the  190-  to  the  220-ft.  level, 
as  widened  from  2  in.  to  8  in.  of  high- 
rade  ore. 

Porcupine  Gold  Milling  Company — The 
immins-McMartin-Dunlop  syndicate  has 
pplied  for  a  charter  for  a  milling,  con- 
:ntrating  and  refining  company  under 
le  above  title  to  be  capitalized  at  S500,- 
X).  It  is  intended  to  erect  a  30-stamp 
ill  immediately. 

Yukon  Territory 
The  mammoth  new  dredge  for  the 
anadian  Klon(Jike  Gold  Company  is  in 
jeration.  It  is  being  driven  with  power 
om  the  Northern  Light,  Power  and 
oal  Company's  plant,  at  Coal  creek, 
id  has  a  capacity  of  10,000  cu.yd.  per 
ly.  The  digging  line  has  a  300-h.p. 
otor,  and  a  200-h.p.  motor  operates  the 
)ist  ladder.  The  total  capacity  of 
otors  used  on  the  dredge  is  1000  h.p. 
iseph  W.  Boyle  is  manager. 


Mexico 

5aja  California — Ensenada  Region 
A  correspondent  at  Ensenada  sends  the 
Mowing  notes  concerning  operations  in 
iwer  California.  The  Alamo  gold  camp 
about  (55  miles  southeast  of  the  port  of 
isenaHa.  Recently  rich  strikes  have  been 
sde  on  the  Aurora-Princessa  of  free- 
Hing  quartz  gold  ore  at  150  ft.  on  a 
in   5    ft.    wide.     The   property    is   con- 


trolled by  the  Lower  California  Mining 
and  Milling  Company.  At  the  Ulises  mine 
in  the  same  camp  two  new  gold  veins 
have  been  opened  up,  one  at  110  ft.  and 
one  at  140  ft.  Max  Webber  is  operating 
the  San  Fernando,  on  which  he  has  a  five- 
year  lease.  At  the  Santa  Marguerita 
camp,  50  miles  southwest  of  Ensenada. 
San  Diego  people  are  carrying  on  opera- 
tions in  charge  of  Joseph  James,  of  Du- 
luth,  Minn.,  and  shipping  high-grade  cop- 
per ore  to  Taconia,  Wash.,  on  a  property 
two  miles  from  tide  water.  Near  Ensenada 
two  tracts  of  land  have  been  leased  to 
Los  Angeles  people  for  the  purpoes  of 
drilling  for  petroleum.  At  the  Jacalitos 
camp,  40  miles  northeast  of  Ensenada 
prospecting  and  developing  is  being  car- 
ried on  by  J.  Loftus,  who  is  erecting  a  10- 
stamp  mill.  The  San  Francisco  mine  has 
a  6- ft.  vein  and  the  shaft  is  down  300 
feet. 

Patrick  Burns,  of  Calgary,  Canada,  has 
recently  closed  down  his  work  on  his  cop- 
per and  other  properties  in  Baja  Califor- 
nia, on  which  a  large  amount  of  money 
has  been  spent.  These  properties  in- 
clude the  Julius  Cssar,  Santa  Maria,  the 
Esmeralda  and  the  San  Fernando. 

Beryl — This  company,  with  George  P. 
Brown  as  manager,  owned  chiefly  in  Cal- 
ifornia, is  operating  a  30-ton  mill  and 
cyanide  plant.  The  ore  is  reported  to 
average  about  $10  per  ton.  The  chief 
vein  is  developed  to  700  ft.  The  ore  is 
free  milling.  The  property  is  300  miles 
south   of   Ensenada. 

Leon  Grande — This  is  a  free-milling 
property,  with  a  vein  3  ft.  wide,  which  is 
developed  to  200  ft.  The  ore  is  milled 
at  the  Beryl  mill.  The  property  's  eight 
miles  west  of  Beryl,  and  is  owned  by 
Hugh  Player  and  Dick  Daggert. 

DlJRANCO 

Lustre — This  company  will  resume  op- 
eration soon,  according  to  S.  H.  McKee,  of 
Pittsburg,  representing  the  bondholders, 
who  has  just  returned  from  Mexico. 

Guanajuato 

Tajos  dc  Dolores — The  mill  will  be 
started  Feb.  1  with  50  tons  initial  capac- 
ity. W.  H.  McCord  is  manager.  The 
property  is  controlled  by  the  Proprietary 
Mines  Company  of  America,  of  New 
York. 

Jalisco 

Buena  Fe — This  company,  operating  at 
Ojuelos,  southwest  from  the  city  of  San 
Luis  Potosi,  F.  B.  Irvine,  inana^er,  re- 
ports as  follows:  Pumping  in  the  Salva- 
dor mine  started  in  January,  by  electric 
pumps,  with  producer-gas  power.  The 
shaft  is  510  ft.  below  the  collar,  and  the 
drifts  below  water  level  show  that  the 
vein  is  higher  grade  than  above.  The 
ore  runs  as  high  as  480  oz.  silver  per 
metric  ton  with  ;j-oz.  gold.  The  Provi- 
dtncia  mine  has  been  prepared  for  stop- 
ing  to  the  adit  tunnel,  which  is  380  ft. 
below  the  outcrop.    Ore  in  this  mine  runs 


Hi  to  30  oz.  silver,  nearly  all  the  better- 
giade  ore  having  bt.en  removed.  An  in- 
cline shaft  180  ft.  long  has  been  sunk 
along  the  Concepcion  vein,  20  ft.  below 
water  level,  and  work  will  be  resumed  on 
arrival  of  sinking  pump.  An  experimen- 
tal cyanide  plant  consisting  of  a  5-ft. 
Chilean  mill,  with  a  5-ft.  grinding  pan  for 
icgrinding,  and  three  Pachuca  tanks  has 
been  installed  and  has  been  in  operation 
since  September,  with  satisfactory  results. 
It  is  necessary  to  grind  to  150  mesh.  The 
combination  of  Chilean  mill  and  grinding 
pan  consumes  less  power  than  stamps 
and  tube  mill.  Sulphides  were  en- 
countered at  water  level,  and  concen- 
trating tables  will  be  installed.  The  ex- 
traction will  be  improved  by  the  instal- 
lation of  filter  presses.  An  additional 
unit  will  be  installed  in  the  power  plant, 
a  producer-gas  engine  pulling  electric 
generator.  The  cost  of  fuel  for  this  type 
of  power  plant  is  'jC.  per  horsepower- 
hour,  the  fuel  being  charcoal  at  .S9  per 
ton.  Gasolene  power  costs  3c.  per  horse- 
power-hour for  fuel,  gasolene  costing  30c. 
per  gallon. 

Mexico 
El  Oro — ^Return  for  November:  Crushed 
30,030  tons  yielding  bullion,  S195,840; 
working  expenses,  $86,770;  expenditure 
on  development,  $20,160;  profit,  $88,920; 
profit  on  railway,  $3000;  total  profit, 
.S98,920. 

Mexico  Mines  of  El  Oro — Return  for 
November:  Crushed  1 1,340  tons  yielding 
bullion,  $130,120;  working  expenses, 
$37,000;  expenditure  on  development, 
.$9600;  profit,  $83,430. 

SONORA 

Greene-Cananea — An  adjunct  to  the 
converters,  for  the  puropse  of  treating 
Rue  dust,  is  being  installed  at  an  approxi- 
mate cost  of  $20,000. 

Lucky  Tiger — Concessions,  exempting 
the  company  from  taxes  on  all  construc- 
tion material  for  its  power  line  from 
Douglas  and  a  remission  of  export  taxes 
on  lead  and  copper,  have  been  obtained. 

La  Junta — Work  has  progress  on  a 
moderate  scale  for  18  months,  and  three 
cars  have  lately  been  sent  to  San  Javier. 

Mesa  Rica — A  ledge  of  free  milling 
gold,  averaging  $17  to  the  ton  has  been 
uncovered.  The  company  has  a  10-stamp 
mill  nearly  completed. 

Cerro  de  Plata — Work  has  been  re- 
sumed on  the  holdings  of  this  concern, 
near  Imuris. 

West  Coast  of  Mexico  Oil  Company — 
Recent  prospect  work  has  disclosed  strong 
indications  of  oil  or  the  Mascarenas  land, 
40  miles  west  of  Cananea. 

Babicanora — A  deal  is  pending  for  the 
sale  of  the  property  of  this  company,  30 
miles  south  of  Cananea. 

Pacific  Smelting  and  Mining  Company 
— The  company  is  contracting  for  ore  for 
the  Guaymas  and  Fundicion  plants. 


1230 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


J^  J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


y^       f^ 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions    and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal   Trade  Review 

New  York,  Dec.  14 — Coal  trade  in  the 
West  remains  largely  a  question  of 
transportation.  Of  the  demand  there  is 
no  doubt;  it  is  large,  notwithstanding 
advances  in  rates  and  local  prices.  There 
has  been  some  improvement  in  car  sup- 
ply, apparently,  but  there  is  room  for  a 
good  deal  more.  Mines  with  plenty  of 
orders  on  hand  are  compelled  to  run 
short  time  because  they  cannot  get  the 
coal  moved.  At  some  of  the  large  con- 
suming centers  users  of  coal  are  run- 
ning on  day-to-day  supplies,  and  there 
are  no  large  stocks  accumulated  any- 
where. It  is  hoped  that  the  improvement 
in   car  supply    will   continue. 

In  the  East  the  bituminous  trade  is 
quiet  and  not  so  good  as  it  has  been. 
Coastwise  trade  has  been  hampered  by 
stormy  weather  and  short  supply  of  ves- 
sels. At  Norfolk  and  Newport  News 
some  accumulation  of  coal  is  reported, 
waiting  for  vessels. 

Anthracite  trade  is  active.  November 
shipments  were  large,  the  total  for  1 1 
months  of  1910  showing  a  good  increase 
over  last  year. 

ANthracite  Trust  Cases — The  decision 
in  the  anthracite  trust  cases,  rendered 
Dec.  8,  will  have  little  or  no  effect  on  the 
business  of  the  anthracite  companies.  The 
decision  is  summarized  and  commented 
on  elsewhere. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Tonnage  of  the  Virginian  Railway,  four 
months  of  fiscal  year,  July  1 — Oct.  31, 
short  tons: 

1909.  lillO  Changes 

Commel-clal.ooal ■Uly,il»        5'21.469      I.     274,991 

ComiJany  coal 45,0G4     I.      45.U64 

Total  coal 240,478        SBC-MS      I.      ;!2(),065 

coke 16.!>-.i!l  '.l,in."j     D.  7.734 

In  October  of  this  year  the  total  was 
158,531  tons  coal  and  4973  tons  coke. 

The  tonnage  of  coal  and  coke  moving 
over  the  Pqughkeepsie  bridge  during  the 
fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1908,  1909 
and  1910,  as  shown  by  reports  filed  with 
the  Public  Service  Commission  of  New 
York,  second  district,  by  the  Central  New 
England  Railway  Company  was: 

a»07-8.  1908-9.  1909-10.1 

AnthTaclte 905,294  1,404.107  l.tW9.;)l» 

BltumlaoUB C0,li40  320,450  410,525 

Coke...; 3,721  21,990  14,058 

Total 909.005    1,800,1)47    2,113,952 

The  marked  increase  in  1908-9  over  the 
previous  year  was  due  to  the  change  in 
routing  coal   for  New   England  made  by 


the  New  Haven  company  about  two  years 
ago. 

Coal  originating  on  Southern  railway 
nine  months  ended  Sept.  30:  Tennessee 
district,  896,203;  Alabama  district,  2,289,- 
704;  total,  3,185,907  short  tons,  an  in- 
crease of  456,545  tons  over  last  year. 

Anthracite  shipments  in  November 
were  6,071,746  long  tons;  being  449,651 
tens  more  than  in  October,  and  43,946 
tons  more  than  in  November.  1909.  For 
the  II  months  ended  Nov.  30  the  ship- 
ments by  companies  were,  in  long  tons: 


1909. 

1910. 

Changes. 

Reading 

10,707,782 

11.181,3.53 

.     413.671 

Lehigh  V.illev.   . 

9.270,'.i:« 

10,144,002 

.     867.070 

N.  J.  Central 

i:2ry>.-,m 

7,073,010 

.     420,429 

Lackawanna 

8,038,052 

8.730,977 

:.       98.925 

Del.  ,^-  Hudson.. . . 

5.."i8:!,:(87 

5,974.235 

.     390,848 

Pennsylvania 

5,372,;)n2 

5,,549,340 

..       17l>,'.'K8 

Erie 

0,828,092 

6,884,945 

.       60.2.-.3 

N.  Y..Ont.  &WeSt. 

2,474,003 

2,.-)2!l,740 
58,074,208 

[.       55,077 

Total 

66.194,447 

[,  2,479,761 

The  total  increase  was  4.4  per  cent. 
All  the  companies  showed  increases,  the 
larger  proportional  gains  being  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley,  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  Delaware  &  Hudson. 
Adding  the  customary  percentage  for  coal 
consumed  and  sold  at  mines,  the  total 
anthracite  mined  for  the  11  months  was 
65,128,370  long  tons;  equal  to  72,943,- 
774  short  tons. 

Shipments  of  Broad  Top  coal  over  the 
Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  railroad,  11 
months  ended  Dec.  1,  were  431,325  tons 
in  1909,  and  651,545  in  1910;  increase 
220,220  tons. 


New  York 

Anthracite 

Dec.  14 — The  demand  for  domestic 
sizes  locally  has  been  heavy,  owing  to  the 
cold  weather  which  has  prevailed.  De- 
liveries are  slow,  owing  to  snow  and  bad 
weather.  Chestnut  is  in  special  demand. 
Steam  sizes  are  in  good  demand.  Buck- 
wheat and  rice  have  been  rather  scarce 
and  in  some  cases  5  or  10c.  premium  has 
been  paid  for  prompt  deliveries. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
S4.75  for  lump,  S5  for  egg  and  stove  and 
S5,25  for  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor.  Steam  si::es  are  unchanged.  We 
quote  for  pea,  S3rf/3.25;  "buckwheat, 
$2,25rf/2.75;  No.  2  buckwheat  or  rice, 
$1.80(r;2.25;  barley,  S1.40(<r  1.75;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Bituminous 

The  trade  has  been  rather  disappoint- 
ing. Contract  deliveries  are  good,  but  new 
sales  are  slow.  Buyers  are  also  begin- 
ning to  manifest  the  preference  for  low- 


priced  coals  which  was  a  feature  in  the 
market  last  winter. 

Prices  are  rather  easy.  Gas  coals  are 
bringing  around  SI. 10  for  li-in.,  SI  for 
run-of-mine  and  80c.  for  slack,  all  at 
mines  Slack  is  in  rather  short  supply. 
Low  volatile  steam  coals  range  from 
,S2.65  up  to  S3.25,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor, according  to  quality.  The  better 
grades  are  slow,  except  on  contract.  All- 
rail  trade  is  reported  more  active  than 
seaboard  on  new  sales. 

Car  supply  is  rather  better  on  most 
reads,  though  some  lines  are  badly  be- 
hind. Transportation  has  improved  as 
the  various  roads  worked  out  of  the  snow. 

The  coastwise  vessel  market  has  been 
uncertain  on  account  of  the  stormy 
weather.  Vessels  have  been  delayed  and 
are  not  plentiful.  There  is  some  com- 
plaint of  delays  in  unloading  at  New  Eng- 
land ports.  As  high  as  lOoiSOc.  has  been 
asked  from  Philadelphia  to  Boston  and 
Portland;  60c.  from  New  York  around 
Cape  Cod,  and  35f<(40c.  to  Sound  ports. 

Birmingham 

Dec.  13 — Every  ton  of  coal  that  can  bt 
mined  in  Alabama  these  days  is  in  de- 
mand. The  prices  have  become  interest- 
ing and  make  it  profitable  to  mine  coal 
The  railroads  are  doing  the  best  they  car 
to  furnish  cars,  and  with  few  exception: 
are  giving  fairly  good  satisfaction.  Mine 
which  furnish  fuel  to  the  railroads  almos  \ 
exclusively  are  doing  well  also,  while 
mines  furnishing  domestic  coal  are  keep  , 
ing  up  a  steady  operation,  \l 

The  demand  for  coke  is  holding  up  wel 
and  the  production  is  better  now  than  i 
has  been  for  some  time.  There  is  bu 
little  accumulated  coke  on  hand  in  thi 
State  at  present. 


Chicago 
Dec.    12 — The   coal   market   has  beei 
stimulated   by   cold   weather  in  the  las 
week  and  though  at  the  beginning  of  th' 
week    too    much    coal    from    Illinois  am 
Indiana  mines  was  on  hand,  the  demaiv 
has  used  up  nearly  all  the  surplus  stock, 
and  prices  are  strong  again.  With  the  de 
mand    large    for    domestic    coals    of   a 
kinds,    the    steam    trade    confines    itse! 
largely  to  screenings,  sales  of  lump  an 
run-of-mine  being  occasionally  at  sacri 
fice   prices    to   escape    demurrage.     Tti 
first   severe   weather  of  the    winter  ha 
brought  transportation  delays   and  man      '; 
hurry  orders  from  country  districts,  sho«      ss 
ing    that    retailers    and    consumers   ther      :*! 
are    not    carrying    stocks    and    will   Hoc     ""i 
wholesalers  with  orders  when  cold  wave 
recur.     City   buying  of  both   bituminou 

^9 


December  17.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1231 


and  anthracite  has  swelled  in  a  way  to 
indicate  that  the  whole  Chicago  market 
is  closely  one  of  the  weather. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  coals  bring  S2.20 
(■i3.0S  for  lump,  .S1.90r„2.10  for  run-of- 
mine  and  .S1.60fr/  1.95  for  screenings. 
Eastern  coals,  which  are  in  general 
strong  because  of  regulation  to  current 
needs,  are  bothered  by  transportation  and 
not  likely  to  send  too  much  to  market 
soon.  Smokeless  lump  commands  S4.20 
(ii 4.30  and  run-of-mine.  less  strong,  sells 
for  S3.30  as  heretofore.  Hocking  is  in 
large  demand  and  small  supply  and  holds 
firniiy  to  S3. 40  per  ton. 

Cleveland 

Dec.  12 — The  local  coal  market  is  ac- 
tive, both  for  steam  and  household  coals; 
but  is  badly  crippled  by  short  supplies 
and  irregular  deliveries.  The  railroads 
are  in  bad  shape,  both  as  to  cars  and 
transportation,  the  latter  being  subject  to 
many  delays.  The  market  is  bare  of 
Pittsburg  and  Pocahontas,  and  Ohio  coals 
are  scarce. 

Prices  are  nominally  unchanged,  but 
are  really  irregular,  premiums  being 
asked  and  paid  where  coal  is  needed 
badly. 


Indianapolis 
Dec.  12 — The  activity  at  the  coal  mines 
of  the  State  was  stimulated  during  the 
week  because  of  the  fair  sample  of  winter 
weather,  but  perhaps  more  generally  be- 
cause of  a  better  supply  of  cars.  The  in- 
crease of  rates  is  believed  to  have  in- 
duced the  more  generous  supply  of  cars 
and  little  complaint  was  heard  by  oper- 
ators on  that  score.  The  recent  rise  in 
ihe  Ohio  riv»r  released  a  large  amount 
of  Indiana  coal  bound  for  southern  river 
points.  Prices  are  good  and  large 
amounts  of  Indiana  coal  are  being  sent  to 
the  Northwest. 


Pittsburg 

Dec.  13 — Demand  for  coal  has  exper- 
ienced a  further  decrease,  owing  to  in- 
dustrial conditions,  and  mines  are  running 
lighter.  The  car  supply  is  good  and  on 
account  of  the  decrease  in  general  activ- 
ty  the  expected  car  shortage  is  not  at 
ill  likely  to  .occur.  Prices  are  occasion- 
illy  shaded,  perhaps  more  so  than  a  week 
ir  two  weeks  ago,  but  the  ordinary  market 
'emains  fairly  firm  at  former  prices: 
Mine-run  and  nut,  SI. 15;  li-in.,  S1.35; 
l'4-in.,  SI.40:  slack,  82'/.r</85c.  per  ton. 

Connellsville  Coke — The  movement  for 
I  central  selling  agency  for  Connells- 
■ille  coke  was  definitely  abandoned  on 
^aturdcy,  on  account  of  defections  from 
he  ranks  of  supporters  and  dissensions 
mong  the  remainder  as  to  who  should  be 
elected  as  the  sales  agent.  There  were 
lisputes  also  as  to  how  coke  should  be 
rcated,  which  did  not  come  up  to  the 
tandard.    The  makers  of  such  coke  were 

illing  tn  have  a  differential  placed 
i;ainft    it.    but    seemed    to    expect    their 


coke  to  be  shipped  indiscriminately  to 
furnaces,  the  latter  merely  being  given 
the  differential.  This  was  obviously  not 
feasible,  as  the  average  furnace  would 
not  be  willing  to  accept  inferior  coke  at 
irregular  intervals,  merely  by  being 
given  a  differential. 

As  illustrating  the  views  of  coke  pro- 
ducers as  to  values,  it  may  be  said  that 
the  idea  was  SI. 75  for  standard  coke, 
running  not  over  1  per  cent,  sulphur,  not 
over  0.020  phosphorus  and  not  over  12 
per  cent,  ash;  15c.  less  for  coke  from  I 
to  1.20  per  cent,  sulphur,  0.020  to  0.030 
per  cent,  phosphorus  and  13  per  cent, 
ash;  and  40c.  less  than  the  base  price 
for  still  poorer  coke.  The  $1.75  price 
was  to  prevail  with  basic  pig  iron  at  under 
S14,  Valley  furnaces,  but  at  S14  and  over 
for  pig-iron  coke  should  be  one-seventh 
the  price  of  pig  iron.  Foundry  coke  was 
to  be  S2.50  as  a  minimum,  but  always 
to  be  not  less  than  50c.  above  furnace. 

The  market  has  continued  very  quiet 
for  all  grades  and  deliveries.  Corrigan, 
McKinney  &  Co.  are  negotiating  for  coke 
for  their  several  furnaces  over  next  year, 
at  a  flat  price,  but  nothing  definite  has 
been  reached.  The  requirements  will 
probably  be  between  20,000  and  30,000 
tons  monthly.  We  repeat  former  quota- 
tions, which  are  largely  nominal:  Prompt 
furnace,  $1.40r-r/ 1.50;  contract  furnace. 
S1.75r»1.85;  prompt  foundry,  S2rr(2.10; 
contract  foundry,  .S2.25''((  2.50,  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  the  production 
in  the  Connellsville  and  lower  Connells- 
ville region  in  the  week  ended  Dec.  3  at 
289,668  tons,  a  gain  of  5000  tons,  and 
shipments  at  2864  cars  to  Pittsburg,  4997 
cars  to  points  west  and  649  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  8510  cars. 

St.   Louis 

Dec.  12 — The  market  has  been  slow 
all  week  and  though  the  weather  has 
been  cold  the  demand  from  all  quarters 
has  been  light.  Lump  coal,  especially  of 
the  lower  grades,  has  been  a  hard  mover 
and  Standard  coal  has  been  especially 
slow.  Nearly  all  the  mines  in  the  Stand- 
ard district  have  curtailed  production  and 
are  not  trying  to  force  the  market  un- 
necessarily. Operators  are  showing 
more  independence  than  heretofore  and 
are  closing  donn  their  mines  if  they  can- 
not  run   them   at   a  profit. 

Carterville  is  selling  a  little  easier  and 
prices  are  fairly  low,  though  all  the  mines 
in  that  district  are  about  to  run  full  time 
if  they  have  cars. 

The  car  situation  on  the  whole  remains 
about  the  same,  though  the  shortage  is 
not  being  felt  so  keenly  owing  to  the  lack 
of  demand.  Locally  business  is  dull,  as 
it  is  also  in  the  Northwest.  The  outlook 
is  that  there  will  not  be  much  doing  for 
the  rest  of  the  month  though  there  will 
probably  be   a   good   market   in  January. 

Anthracite — Hard  coal  is  moving  fairly 
well  and  a  good  tonnage  of  larger  sizes 
has    been    sold    this    week.      The     large 


sizes  are  a  little  easier  and  are  coming 
forward  very  freely.  Chestnut,  on  the 
other  hand,  is  scarce. 

Current  orices  in  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 

St. 
Illiiioi.s.  .Stand.  Mine.     Ixnii.s. 

0-in.  lump  ami  egg SI. 60     .S2.12 

2-in.  lump 1.20       1  60 

Mine-run I . no       1   .">2 

.Screenings 0 .  50       1 .  02 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egg 2.50       :5.02 

:i-in.  nut 2.00       2. .52 

Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

6-in.  lump 1.80  1   :!2 

2-in.  lumi) 1.7.5  2.27 

Mine-mn 1.20  1.72 

Screenings 0.60  1 .  12 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 1 . 75  2 . 42 

:i-in.  nut 1.70  2.37 

.Mini'-run 1.25  l.y2 

Screening.s 0.75  1 .42 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  egg 2.25       4.75 

.\I  ine-run 1 .  25       3 .  75 

Penns.vlvania  .\nthracite: 

Chestnut 7.20 

.St  ove  or  egg 8 .  95 

Crate 6.70 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 5.40 

Cas  house 4 .  90 

.Smithing 4.15 

Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  per 
ton  below  the  St.  Louis  quotations. 


FOREIGN  COAL-TRADE  ^\ 


Austrian  Coal  Production — The  produc- 
tion of  fuel  in  Austria-Hungary  for  the 
nine  months  ended  Sept.  30  was,  in  metric 
tons: 

1909.  1910.  Changes. 

Coal   in.:i44,933    10.323,734     D.       -^1.199 

Brown  coal 19.148,094    18,398,t>S9    D.     750,005 


Total  mined...    29.49:t,027    2S.721.81!3    D.     771,204 

Coke  made 1,:)8S,301      1.478,73.i     I,      !iii.434 

Briquets  made...         208.940  244.400    D.       24,.'>34 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year  127,- 
121  tons  were  made  from  brown  coal. 

French  Coal  Trade — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  fuel  in  France,  nine  months 
ended  Sept.  30,  metric  tons: 

liniKirts.  Exports.         Excess. 

.  11,.-.G2.399  78.').3.'>7  Imp.lO,77-.042 

.     1.421..V23  ll.i.C.71   Imp.  l,;to.'-|,8.'>2 

780,151  131.32:)  Imp.      6.14.828 


Coal 

Coke 

Briquets.. 

Total 13.770.073     1.0,32,351  Inip.12.737.722 

Total,  1909 13,271.272     1.193,0411  Imp.12.078.232 

Exports  include  coal  and  briquets  sup- 
plied  to   steamships   in    foreign   trade. 

Spanish  Fuel  Imports — Imports  of  coal 
into  Spain,  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30, 
were  1,487,730  metric  tons,  a  decrease 
of  39,317  tons  from  last  year;  imports 
of  coke,  213,798  tons,  a  decrease  of 
10,081  tons. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
prices  of  coal  on  Dec.  3  as  follows: 
Best  Welsh  steam  coal,  .S3.96;  seconds, 
S3.78;  thirds,  S3.60;  dry  coals,  .S3.72; 
best  Monmouthshire,  S3.54;  •  seconds. 
So.36;  best  steam  small  coal,  $2.28;  sec- 
onds, $2.04.  All  prices  are  per  long  ton, 
f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days,  less 
2K'  per  cent,  discount. 


1232 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


S  IRON  TRADE-REVIEW  S 


New  York,  Dec.  14 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  have,  apparently,  settled  down 
into  dullness  which  looks  as  if  it  would 
last  the  year  out.  Any  disposition  to  b  :/ 
which  may  have  existed  has  been 
checked,  and  business  is  limited  to  such 
material  as  is  needed  for  early  use. 
There  is  talk  of  heavy  structural  con- 
tracts to  come — such  as  those  for  the 
new  subways  in  New  York,  an'',  for  some 
pi'blic  buildings.  These  arr  >i:il  in  the  fu- 
ture, however,  and  m'-,  not  materialize 
for  some  time  to  cme.  The  railroads 
are  balancing  rate  limitations  and  high 
prices,  and  one  or  two  important  lines 
have  announced  their  intention  of  limit- 
ing renewals  and  improvements  to  the 
lowest  possible  point.  Some  of  this  talk 
is  probn'_'.  'civ.if,  but  it  does  not  help 
the  presen.  position;  rather  makes  it  ap- 
pear worse  than  it  is  in  reality. 

Pig-iron  buying  has  been  chiefly  of  the 
hand-to-mouth  order,  but  some  first-half 
contracts  have  been  placed,  generally  at 
low  prices,  and  more  are  under  negotia- 
tion. Southern  furnaces  are  out  on  the 
trail  for  business,  but  without  much  suc- 
cess. Some  small  exports  of  Southern 
pig  have  been  made  to  South  America; 
but  this  is  not  a  business  which  promises 
much   development. 

Finished  material  is  generally  rather 
quiet,  with  no  change  in  the  position. 
Discussion  has  broken  out  again  over  the 
specifications  for  new  rail  orders.  Mak- 
ers claim  they  are  too  exacting. 

The  Steel  Corporation  monthly  state- 
ment gives  the  tonnage  of  unfilled  orders 
on  Nov.  30,  at  2,760,413  tons,  a  decrease 
of  111,536  tons  from  Oct.  30.  The  state- 
ment  is  about   what   was  expected. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Ore — Shipments  of 
iron  ore  from  the  Lake  Superior  region 
for  the  season  to  Dec.  1  were,  in  long 
tons: 


Port. 

EHcanaba 

Marquotto 

AHlilftnd 

Twn  Harbors. 

SupiTinr 

Dululb 

Total 


lUUil. 
.  .5,747,«nl 
.  2,90»,4.'>1 
.  :i,«M,->l>l 
.  '.),1S1,132 
.  «,.>J(I,.5(>5 
.  l:),i7(l,.'iU3 


1010.        Changes. 


4,!)r>ii.«fi;i  D. 
:).24K,'.HO    I. 

4,i>!i:i,S'2a  I. 

8,271, li;9D. 

«,437,-iin    I. 

13,(UW.l-).-)    I. 


7S7,932 
33'.),479 
•i.W,615 
!K)'.I,963 
l,K9B,7.iO 


41,683,599  42,620,206  I.   936,607 

The  increase  this  year  was  2.2  per  cent, 
shipments  from  the  three  ports  serving 
the  Old  Range  mines  this  year  were  21.8 
per  cent,  of  the  total;  from  the  Mesabi 
and  Vermilion  ranges,  71.2  per  cent.  As 
no  cargoes  were  shipped  in  December,  the 
total  this  year  is  for  the  season.  Adding 
850,000  tons  for  estimated  rail  shipments, 
makes  43,470,206  tons,  or  883,337  tons 
more  than  the  1909  total. 

Pig  Iron  Production — The  reports  from 
the  blast  furnaces,  as  collected  and  pub- 
lished by  the  Iron  Age.  show  that  no 
Dec.  1  there  were  217  coke  and  anthracite 
furnaces  in  blast,  having  an  aggregate 
daily  capacity  of  61,280  tons;  a  decrease 
of  4550  tons   from   Nov.    1.     Making  al- 


lowance for  the  charcoal  furnaces,  the 
estimated  make  of  pig  iron  in  the  United 
States  in  November  was  1,938,300  long 
tons;  for  the  11  months  ended  Nov.  30 
it  was  25,466,800  tons. 


Baltimore 

Nov.  12 — Exports  for  the  week  includ- 
ed 4330  tons  steel  rails  and  370  tons 
angle-plates  to  Tampico,  Mexico;  208,400 
lb.  zinc  dross  and  1,130,900  lb.  steel  bil- 
lets to  Liverpool.  Imports  included  237 
casks  manganese  ore  from  Hamburg;  650 
tons  ferromanganese  from  Rotterdam; 
500  tons  manganese  ore  from  Antwerp; 
6000  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Dec.  12 — Southern  pig-iron  manufac- 
turers are  still  complaining  of  a  quiet 
market,  though  there  are  a  few  sales 
being  made.  Those  companies  able  to  do 
so  are  holding  for  311.50  per  ton,  delivery 
during  the  first-half  of  the  coming  year, 
but  there  is  no  denial  of  the  fact  that 
considerable  iron  is  now  being  sold  at  Sll 
per  ton.  No.  2  foundry.  Some  inquiries 
are  coming  in  for  iron  to  be  delivered 
during  the  entire  year  1911,  but  there 
is  no  willingness  on  the  part  of  any  com- 
pany in  this  section  to  sell  at  present 
prices.  The  accumulated  stocks  will  be 
worked  off  before  the  general  make  is 
materially  increased.  Alabama  produced 
166,447  tons  of  iron  in  November,  against 
161,294  tons  in  October,  but  there  was  a 
reduction  as  compared  to  the  make  in 
November,  1909.  There  is  some  iron 
leaving  this  district  for  export.  It  is  un- 
derstood that  efforts  are  being  made  to 
get  more  of  this  business.  The  produc- 
tion for  December  promises  to  be  consid- 
erably under  what  it  was  in  November. 

The  steel  situation  remains  unchanged, 
though  announcements  are  made  of  the 
sale  of  a  few  thousand  tons  of  rails  by 
the  Tennessee  company.  The  foundries 
and  machine  shops  are  not  enjoying  a 
very  active  trade.  The  scrap-iron  mar- 
ket is  quiet  also. 


Chicago 
Dec.  13 — The  iron  market  continues 
unmarked  by  any  significant  change. 
There  is  perhaps  a  more  extended  in- 
quiry for  pig  iron  from  melters  who  need 
it  for  second-quarter  deliveries  chiefly, 
but  few  of  the  selling  agents  are  confi- 
dent that  these  will  result  in  large  sales 
this  month.  Current  needs  are  of  small 
lots  which,  though  numerous,'  make  a 
smaller  aggregate  tonnage  than  a  month 
ago,  for  the  tendency  is  strong  to  buy 
less  and  less.  Some  sales  of  Southern 
iron  are  said  to  have  been  made  at  25c. 
under  the  price  that  is  standard  for 
nearly  all  buying,  Sll  Birmingham,  or 
$15.35  Chicago.  Northern  holds  to  S16 
minimum  and  apparently  is  firmer  than 
Southern  through  closer  restriction  of 
output.     With  nearly  all  the  melters  sup- 


plied up  to  the  end  of  the  first  quarter, 
the  interest  of  the  market  centers  in  sec- 
ond-quarter iron,  with  no  disposition  on 
the  part  of  either  buyer  or  seller  to  go 
beyond  the  first  half.  Continuation  of 
quiet  conditions  is  looked  for  every- 
where, until  after  the  first  of  the  year. 
The  market  for  iron  and  st?el  products 
shows  little  change,  being  dull  in  nearly 
every  line.  Structural  materials  and 
wire  products  show  the  only  activity, 
railroad  buying  especially  being  light. 
Coke  is  in  steady  but  not  heavy  demand, 
at  S4.90  for  the  best  Connellsville. 

Cleveland 

Dec.  12 — Nothing  has  been  done  yet 
toward  making  prices  for  Lake  Superior 
ores  for  next  season.  There  are  reports 
that  quotations  will  be  reduced  25  or 
50c.;  but  these  seem  to  have  no  sub- 
stantial basis  so  far. 

Pig  Iron — The  market  is  dull,  only  a 
few  small  orders  being  noted.  Quota- 
tions, Cleveland  delivery,  are  S15.90  for 
bessemer  pig;  S14(V(  14.25  for  basic; 
S14.25  for  No.  2  foundry;  $14  for  gray 
forge. 

Finished  Material — Quiet  prevails  and 
seems  likely  to  continue  until  the  end  of 
the  year.  The  only  point  of  interest  is 
the  competition  in  steel  billets.  Bessemer 
rolling  billets  have  been  sold  at  S23  and 
forging  billets  at  S25(fy  25.50,  Cleveland. 

Philadelphia 
Dec.  13 — The  general  tone  of  the  pig- 
iron  market  is  not  as  strong  as  a  week 
ago.  Half  of  the  Pennsylvania  furnaces 
are  idle  and  there  is  a  probability  that 
two  or  three  more  will  blow  out  within 
a  short  time  unless  some  negotiations 
now  pending  with  Eastern  buyers  involv- 
ing deliveries  up  to  next  June  close  fa- 
vorably. The  effort  of  some  Southern 
furnace  interest  to  close  for  large  lots 
for  delayed  delivery  in  this  territory  has 
failed.  Certain  makers  have  shaded 
prices  on  No.  2  foundry  without  making 
contracts.  Eastern  buyers  particularly 
cannot  be  tempted  by  any  sort  of  con- 
cession. Stocks  move  very  slowly  from 
furnace  banks;  everywhere  consumers 
are  looking  after  immediate  necessities. 
There  is  an  undercurrent  of  expectation 
that  a  general  cut  will  be  made.  Makers 
admit  that  there  is  a  probability  of  large 
transactions  being  closed.  Malleable  iron  , 
will  feel  the  first  impetus  and  basic  will 
follow  at  something  under  S15. 
Good  gray  forge  is  freely  offered  at 
S14.50,  at  seaboard. 

Steel  Billets — No  important  sale  is  re- 
ported. Small  orders  continue  to  drop  in 
for  forging  billets. 

Bars — The  accumulation  of  bar  iron  is 
beyond  the  limits  set  by  most  makers. 
There  will  be  a  further  curtailment  of 
rolling  after  the  holidays.  Some  car- 
building  orders  that  were  counted  on  have 
disappeared  in  the  gloom. 


l^k 


December  17,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1233 


Pittsburg 

Dec.     13 — The    producers    of     finished 
steel   are    holding   a   series   of   meetings, 
one  for  each  branch  of  the  industry,  these 
meetings   including   both   the   leading   in- 
terest and  the   independents.     The   sheet 
manufacturers  met   in   Pittsburg,   Dec.  8, 
the  rail  manufacturers  in  New  York,  Dec. 
12,  the   tinplate   manufacturers   in    Pitts- 
burg,  Dec.    11,  and   the   plate   and   shape 
manufacturers   will    hold    meetings,    Dec. 
15,  i"   Pittsburg.     Meetings  will  be   held 
also     ol     manufacturers     in     the     other 
branches.     These  meetings  are  partly  the 
outcome  of  the  general  meeting  of  steel 
producers  held  in  New  York,  Nov.  30,  be- 
cause at  this  meeting  only  steel  producers 
were    represented,    and    that     not     fully, 
while  unattached  finishing  mills  were  not 
represented  at  all;  but  an  incentive   for 
the  meetings  is  also  the  fact  that  the  in- 
dustrial outlook  has  become  still  more  un- 
satisfactory and  it  requires  more  exertion 
to  hold  the  market.     It  has  become  prac- 
tically an  open  secret  that  it  is  the  idea 
of  the   leaders   that   a   general    reduction 
in  steel  prices  should  be  made  after  the 
turn  of  the  year,  whenever  it  seems  prob- 
able   that    a    buying    movement    can    be 
started  by  such  means,  and  in  this  case 
it    becomes    very    desirable    to    hold    the 
market  until  then  so  that  a  sizable  and  at- 
tractive  reduction   can   be   made    without 
bringing  prices  too  low.     Nothing  is  said 
openly  about  this,  however,  on  account  of 
the  incentive  it  would  afford  the  smaller 
mills   to   sell    freely    at   this   time    at   cut 
prices,   guaranteed     against     decline,     as 
while  thus  the  smaller  mills  would  get  no 
price  advantage  they  would  get  an  option 
on  a  larger  amount   of  business,  should 
there   not   be   enough    to    go   around.      It 
lias  been   predicted   that   there   would   be 
another  general  meeting  of  steel  produc- 
.rs  in  New  York  in  January,  but  on  ac- 
:ount  of  the  attitude  of  the  Government 
t  has  become  improbable  that  any  gen- 
;ral  meeting   will   be   held. 

Business  in  finished-steel  products  has 
;rown  still  lighter  in  the  past  week.  Prices 
:ave  been  more  stiffly  held  than  ever 
md  it  can  be  stated  with  confidence  that 
11  the  past  10  days  all  finished-steel 
)roducts  have  been  held  more  rigidly  all 
hrough  the  trade  than  for  several 
iionths.  Plates,  shapes  and  bars  are 
.40c.,  Pittsburg,  and  are  rarely  shaded. 
At  last  Thursday's  meeting  of  sheet 
lanufacturers  in  Pittsburg  practically 
very  sheet  interest  in  the  country  was 
^presented  except  one  in  Kentucky.  The 
leetlng  lasted  six  hours.  The  consensus 
f  opinion  was  that  the  market  was  rep- 
-sented  by  2.20c.  on  black  sheets,  3.20c. 
n  galvanized,  1.60c.  on  blue  annealed. 
1..''5  on  painted  corrugated  and  S2.75  on 
ilvanized  corrugated.  No  shading  from 
'cse  prices  has  since  been  observed. 
At  today's  meeting  of  tinplate  nianu- 
icturers  in  Pittsburg  every  tinplate 
lanufacturer  in  the  country  was  repre- 


sented, chiefly  in  person,  although  Chair- 
man E.  T.  Weir,  of  Weirton,  W.  Va.,  held 
a  few  proxies.  The  price  of  tinplate  did 
not  come  up  for  serious  discussion,  as 
there  has  been  no  shading  worth  men- 
tioning, but  an  important  subject  was  that 
of  tin-mill  sizes  of  sheets,  a  separate 
branch  of  the  market  inasmuch  as  they 
are  sheets  which  can  be  rolled  on  a  tin 
mill  and  therefore  at  a  lower  labor  cost 
per  ton  than  regular  sizes  of  sheets.  In 
the  past  few  weeks  some  of  the  tinplate 
interests  have  been  actively  in  the  mar- 
ket for  this  tonnage  and  this  resulted  in 
serious  competition.  The  sheet  interests 
apparently  resented  the  competition,  but 
the  tinplate  interests'  position  is  that 
they  are  entitled  to  this  business,  having 
had  it  in  the  first  place.  The  idea  pre- 
valent at  the  meeting  was  that  tin-mill 
sizes  should  be  held  at  2.25c.  base,  which 
is    for  30   gage. 

Pig  Iron — The  market  has  been  very 
quiet,  there  being  occasional  sales  of 
small  lots  for  early  delivery.  A  few 
larger  inquiries  have  been  in  the  market, 
but  have  not  thus  far  led  to  business. 
There  is  still  no  definite  price  for  basic 
iron.  Many  weeks  ago-  there  were  sales 
of  prompt  at  .S13,  Valley.  Since  then 
first-half  iron  has  sold  at  a  shade  under 
513.50,  furnace,  and  Valley  furnaces  are 
quoting  $13.50  or  $13.75  for  prompt. 
However,  the  most  active  inquirer  has 
bid  only  S13,  Valley,  for  2500  tons  of 
December-January  iron,  a  bid  which  has 
so  far  failed  to  bring  out  the  iron.  Bes- 
semer iron  remains  at  $15,  Valley,  and 
foundry  remains  quotable  at  S13.75C(/  14, 
Valley,  depending  on  brand  and  delivery. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  has  been 
quiet,  and  while  S38.50,  Baltimore,  is 
asked  for  prompt  and  forward  delivery, 
this  can  usually  be  shaded. 

St.  Louis 
Dec.  12 — The  market  for  pig  iron  re- 
mains practically  the  same.  Buying  is 
confined  mostly  to  first-quarter  delivery. 
A  little  iron  is  being  offered  as  low  as 
SI  1.25,  f.o.b.  Birmingham,  for  No.  2 
foundry,  though  $11.50,  Birmingham,  or 
$15.25,  St.  Louis,  remains  the  current 
figure. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


ill  METAL' MARKETS   ^ 


New  York,  Dec.  14 — The  metal  mar- 
kets continue  rather  quiet  and  heavy. 
Business  does  not  show  much  prospect 
of  improvement  before  the  close  of  the 
year. 

Our  index  number  for  the  metals,  cal- 
cul,"ted  on  the  approximate  production 
and  sales  of  pig  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead, 
zinc  and  aluminum,  was  127  for  the 
month  of  January;  124  for  February;  118 
for  March;  118  for  April;  113  for  May; 
107  for  June;  112  for  July;  113  for  Aug- 
ust; 114  for  September;  111  for  October; 
117  for  November. 


fXITKIl     .Si 

.VTKS     Cdl.D 

A.Nl)     .SlI.VIMl     .MOVKMK.ST 

Mi»tal. 

Eiporta. 

Imports, 

Excess. 

Gold: 

Oft.    11)10.. 
•'       I'.IUl).. 

Yi'ai-  lino.. 
■•     rju9. 

$   7S0.330 
'.l.:i7U.40-J 

rifi.oiw  411 

lUti.Oji.-JW 

$  4.2*7,269 

7.034.1W 

49.'j2'j.:ft«; 

38.139,557 

Imp.$  3,496,929 
Exp.      2,;Mr>,23K 

"       t;,i:ii),025 

08.512.079 

811v,r: 

Oi't.   mil).. 

••      11)09. 

Yi'ar  191U.. 

•■     I'Jm.. 

4,2r,9.r>7.-; 

4,05;(.74o 

4ii,i);M,;)is 

47,3W.8C1 

3,395,200 
4,04K.r.Gll 

3i;,r..v.>,4c,4 

37,289,19'.) 

Exp.         874,375 

5,07(i 

9,381,8.54 

■'       10.053,002 

KxiJoils  frmii  I  hi'  port  i)f  New  Yolk,  weok 
indiHl  Dec.  II):  (liiUl.  .$:i.S,Tli),  to  tl)i>  Wrst 
liiilies:  silvi'i-.  .'j;i.i)ii;i,04.s,  to  l.ondim  and 
(iermany.  Impoils  :  (iold,  $IS(!..'i.")4,  from 
South  Anioi'ica  and  France :  silver,  .'?s:i.l)74. 
Irnin    Centrnl    .Xnicricn.    Mexico    and    l*;inaina. 

Gold — There  was  some  demand  for 
supplies  in  London,  but  prices  on  the 
open  market  continued  at  77s.  9d.  per 
oz.  for  bars,  and  76s.  4'jd.  per  oz.  for 
American  coin.  There  has  been  some 
talk  of  shipments  to  New  York,  but  none 
have  been   actually   made. 

Platinum — The  market  remains  dull, 
.ind  prices  are  a  trifle  weak.  Dealers 
quote  S39  per  oz.  for  refined  platinum  and 
$41  for  hard  metal,  10  per  cent,  iridium. 
The  market  in  Paris  is  reported  rather 
weak    and    irregular. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes, 
under  date  of  Nov.  28,  that  the  market 
is  irregular  and  prices  have  been  sub- 
ject to  large  fluctuations.  There  are  re- 
ports of  sales  as  high  as  34,000  and 
even  35,000  rubles  per  pood — $33.32^" 
34.30  per  oz. ;  but  the  reports  seem  to  be 
exaggerated.  Reliable  current  quota- 
tions for  crude  platinum,  83  per  cent. 
metal,  at  Ekaterinburg  are  8.()0  rubles 
per  zolotnik,  equivalent  to  $32.34  per 
oz.;  at  St.  Petersburg,  33,000'?/ 33,200 
ri'bles  per  pood — $32.44  per  oz.,  average. 
Silver — The  market  has  been  steady 
with  fluctuations  confined  in  a  small 
range.  Buying  orders  have  come  lately 
from  the  Indian  Bazaars  chiefly. 


SII.VKU    A.N'I)    .STKRt.INIi 

KXCIIAXf.E 

Dec. 

8 

0 

10 

12 

13 

14 

New  York....     54 >, 
London  .           26 
StorlInK  Ex..  4.8545 

2514 
4.8540 

54  H 

25f'„ 

4.8525 

U'i 

25  h; 

4.8530 

54  JJ 

■1!,% 

4.8500 

25A 
4.8515 

New  York  iiiiolallons,  eonl.s  per  ounce  tio.v, 
line  sliver:  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
silver.  O.na.'i   line. 

The  Treasury  Department  on  Dec.  10 
bought  100,000  oz.  silver  for  subsidiary 
coinage,  the  price  being  .54,88c.  per  oz. 
at  the  Denver  Mint.  With  100,000  oz. 
bought,  also  for  Denver,  on  Dec.  I,  this 
makes  200,000  oz. ,  the  first  silver  pur- 
chases since  March,  1909.  It  is  stated  that 
no  more  silver  will  be  required  at  pres- 
ent. 


Cable  reports  give  the  gold  production 
of  the  Transvaal  in  November  at  642,000 
oz.,  or  $13,270,140.  This  makes  a  total 
of  $128  968,130  for  the  11  months  ended 
with  November. 


1234 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17.  1910. 


Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  Jan.   1   to   Dec.   1 : 

1909.  1910.            Changes. 

India £,n.9.i.5,500  £6.5D.i,fi00      I.    £    600,100 

China I,si9.:i00  1,3-28,500  D.          300.800 

Straits ll-4,(ili  D.         1U,6U 

Total £7.899,4U      £7,884,100    D.    £      15,314 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORE 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

^ 

— "  -i 

^■^ 

^- 

^■^ 

E  " 

f^ 

i4 

J-  o 

u 

><-?. 

JSS 

9fe 

i~. 

gx 

i^a 

S3 

o 

^w 

xa 

ODU 

12% 

12  55 

4.35 

5  75 

5.60 

8 

fSli 

©12.65 

38.60 

4.50 

©4.37i;©3.80 

©3.65 

12  ?i- 

12.55 

4.33  1    5.70 

3.55 

9 

®13 

©12.66 

38,'i 

4.50 

©4.37J©5.S0 

©5.65 

123i 

12.55 

4.35  1    5  70 
©4.372©5.75 

5.55 

10 

(S13 

©12.65 

38.H 

4.50 

©3.60 

V2% 

12.50 

4.35  1    5.65 

3.50 

12 

ffll3 

©12.60 

3S3i 

4.50 

©4.37J®5.70 

©5.55 

12^ 

12.50 

4.35  1    5  65 

5.50 

13 

ffiia 

©12.60 

38K 

4.50 

,®4.37J©5.70 

©5.55 

V2\ 

12.50 

4.35  1     5. 62", 

5.47i 

14 

©13 

©12  60 

38  ,S' 

4.50 

©4.37i©5.67J 

©3. 52  J 

The  New  York  quotations  for  electrol.vtic 
copper  are  for  cakes,  inftots  and  wirebars. 
and  represent  the  bulk  of  the  transactions 
made  with  consumers.  Ijasis  New  York,  cash. 
The  prices  of  casting  copper  and  of  electrol.vtic 
cathodes  are  usually  o.l:i.">c.  Ijelow  that  of 
electrolytic.  The  quotations  for  lead  repre- 
sent wholesale  transactions  in  the  open  mar- 
ket. The  quotations  on  spelter  are  for 
ordinary  AVestern  brands ;  special  brands 
command    a    premium. 

LONDON 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead, 

Zinc, 

Spot. 

3Mos 

Best 
Sel'td  Spot. 

3  Jlos 

Span- 
ish. 

Ordi- 
naries. 

8 

57« 

57Ji 

60% 

174% 

174% 

13ft 

24% 

9 

56{; 

S7A 

60>5 

174K 

174% 

13ft 

24% 

10 

12 

56fi 

3"-'. 

60>, 

17G>i 

176>i 

13ft 

24% 

13 

66iJ 

57« 

60,'.. 

175Ji 

175  Ji 

13ft 

23% 

14 

sea 

57,', 

60K 

175 '4 

175% 

13  !i 

24 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  quota- 
tions on  London  Metal  Exchan.^e.  All  [)rices 
are  in  pounds  sterling  per  ton  of  ^240  lb. 
Copper  quotations  are  for  standard  copper, 
spot  and  tiiree  months,  and  for  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  being  subject  to  :! 
per  cent,  discount.  Kor  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  London  prices  in  pounds  sterling 
per  2240  lb.,  with  American  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  following  approximate  ratios 
arc  given  :  .£10  -=  2.1T>-c.  ;  £12  =  2.Clc. : 
i;2:S=;l7c. ;   £00=  i:!.04c.    ±    £1  =    ±    0.21  %c. 


Copper — The  market  has  been  very 
quiet.  Buyers  continue  to  hold  aloof  and 
producers  generally  are  not  pressing 
sales,  but  while  most  of  the  agencies 
are  maintaining  a  waiting  policy  some 
nave  been  disposed  to  do  business  and 
have  made  concessions  in  pt.ce  when  nec- 
essary-. The  small  demand  at  lower 
prices  has  also  been  supplied  to  some 
extent  by  speculative  second  hands.  A 
few  sales  of  Lake  copper  were  made  at 
12j^iic.  and  some  special  brands  fetched 
13c.     .^t  th2  close.  Lake  copper  is  quoted 


at  \2y4@\2'i/%c..  and  electrolytic  copper 
in  cakes,  wirebars  and  ingots  at  M.bOdi 
12.60c.  Casting  copper  is  quoted  nomin- 
ally at  12}4ri./ 12^2  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  18C(t  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14} jc.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

The  London  market  for  standard  cop- 
per has  also  been  very  quiet.  While  the 
market  has  sold  off,  speculative  sentiment 
is  not  pessimistic  and  there  has  been 
no  pressure  to  sell.  At  the  close,  spot 
standard  is  quoted  at  £56  12s.  6d.,  and 
three    months'    at    £57    8s.    9d.    per    ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  5982  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  exports  from 
Baltimore  for  the  week  at  276  tons. 

It  is  stated  that  the  American  Smelt- 
ing and  Refining  Company  will  sell  only 
that  portion  of  the  output  of  the  Ten- 
nessee Copper  Company  that  is  refined 
electrolytically.  The  product  marketed 
as  pig  copper  will  continue  to  be  sold  by 
the  United  Metals  Selling  Company  until 
the  expiration  of  a  contract  in  1912,  when 
the  entire  production  of  the  Tennessee 
Copper  Company  will  be  sold  by  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany. 

The  contract  of  Beer,  Sondheimer  & 
Co.  for  the  sale  of  the  Mt.  Lyell  copper 
will  terminate  Jan.  1,  next. 

Eugene  Meyer  Jr..  gave  a  dinner  to 
the  leading  copper  producing  interests  on 
Dec.  12.  As  at  Mr.  Ryan's  dinner  on  the 
evening  before  Thanksgiving  the  general 
position  of  the  copper  producing  industry 
was  freely  discussed.  These  meetings 
are  serving  to  bring  the  producers  to- 
gether in  a  friendly  way  and  there  is  a 
feeling  that  a  spirit  of  cooperation  for 
the  general  welfare  will  be  promoted, 
but  no  definite  plan  of  action  has  yet 
been  proposed. 

Tin — The  wonderful  control  exercised 
by  the  London  bull  syndicate  over  the 
market  was  again  demonstrated  during 
the  past  week.  Prices  were  put  up  against 
the  shorts,  and  led  down  again  after  the 
demand  had  been  satisfied.  The  high 
point  was  reached  on  Dec.  12,  when  spot 
and  futures  touched  £176  15s.  At  the 
close,  the  market  is  easier  at  £175  17s. 
6d.  for  spot,  and  £175  17s.  6d.  for  three 
months. 

Activity  in  this  market  is  confined  to 
trades  between  dealers.  Consumers  are 
doing  little  or  nothing,  buying  only  when 
they  are  forced  to  do  so  to  secure  their 
requirements.  December  tin,  at  the  close, 
is  quoted   at   about  38'/.   cents. 

Lead — The  market  is  unchanged,  with 
a  fair  business  doing  from  day  to  day 
at  last  prices,  4.50c.  New  York,  and  4.35 
';(4.37':.c.   St.   Louis. 

The  foreign  market  is  firmer,  Spanish 
lead  being  quoted  at  £13  5s.  and  English 
Itad  at  £13  7s.  6d.  per  ton. 


Spelter — While  it  is  understood  that 
manufacturers  generally  are  not  well 
covered,  there  has  been  but  little  inquiry. 
The  few  orders  that  have  presented 
themselves  have  been  eagerly  competed 
for  and  in  consequence  the  price  has  de- 
clined. At  the  close,  St.  Louis  is  quoted 
at  5A7 'A Cj S.SZ'/ic,  and  New  York  at 
5.62 '  2  Oi  5.67 '  i  cents. 

The  London  market  is  a  trifle  lower, 
good  ordinaries  being  quoted  at  £24,  and 
specials  at  £24  5s.  per  ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.75  per 
100  lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8. 
per  cent,  discount.  ,, 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  remains  quiet, 
with  no  change.  We  quote,  nominally 
in  the  absence  of  large  sales,  22 '_>'</ 23c. 
per  lb.   for  No.    1    ingots,   New  York. 

Antimony — The  market  remains  quiet 
and  prices  are  unchanged.  Cookson's  is 
now  quoted  at  l^s^'il^AC.  per  lb.  and 
U.  S.  at  7 's ''I  7 '..c;  while  7((i7>^c.  is- 
named   for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — The  market  is  steady, 
with  a  fair  business  forward.  Prices  are 
unchanged.  The  New  York  quotations 
are  S42  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for  large  lots; 
S44(V(45  for  jobbing  orders.  San  Fran- 
cisco, S41.50  for  domestic  business  and  S2 
less  for  export.  London  price  is  un- 
changed at  £8  per  fiask;  £7  12s.  6d.  be- 
ing quoted  by  second  hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
''<(70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  S1.50  per  lb.  for  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b. 
New  York. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business. 
40'V/45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  high  price  of  electrolytic  is 
5c.  higher. 


Zinc    and    Lead  Ore  Markels 


Piatt eville,  Wis.,  Dec.  10— The  high? 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was 
S46.50;  the  base  price,  60  per  cent.  zinc, 
weakened  from  S46  down  to  S44.50.  The 
base  price  paid  for  80  per  cent,  lead  ore 
was  S53r(/54  per  ton. 


SlIIl'Mi:XTS. 
Camps. 


WEEK   ENDED   DEC.    10. 


Mineral  Point 

Harker 

(Tftb'ua 

Ueutc.ii 

Plattevlllo 

Highland 

CubaOlty ltvs,300 

sbuHsl>urg 

Lln.U'U 


Zinc 
ore,  lb. 
1,460,770 
667,240 
(i3I,IKXl 
4H1,920 
474. .'■lOO 
243.100 


Load    Sulpliur 
oi-e,  lb.    ore,"  lb. 


181,800 
187,360 
88,000 


249,700 


62,96ti 
312,Ml! 


4,148,8:10       457,300 

....116,002,794  -0,505,404  24,876,S4<' 


Total 

Year  to  date 

Shipped   during    week    to    separating 
plants,  3,084.590  lb.  zinc  ore. 


i 


December  !7.  19 10. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1235 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Dec.  10 — The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week  was 
^49,  the  base  ranging  from  S41  to  .S46.  Zinc 
silicate  ore  sold  on  a  base  price  of  S23rii 
26  pjr  ton  of  40  per  cent.  zinc.  The  av- 
erage price,  all  grades  of  zinc  ore,  was 
^2.54.  The  highest  price  paid  for  lead 
his  week  was  $57  per  ton,  and  the 
iverage  price,  all  grades,  was  $55.78  per 
on. 

The  zinc  ore  market  took  a  decided 
lump  this  week,  one  buyer  taking  at 
east  one  carload  on  a  S46  base  the 
irst  of  the  week,  after  which  he  lowered 
is  price  and  from  that  time  until  the 
eek  end  the  market  was  weaker,  and 
jday  one  buyer  reported  buying  more 
lan  100  tons  on  a  S41  base.  The  lead 
larket  remained  steady  at  S56,  but  a  few 
loice  lots  brought  .S57.  There  was  a 
lortage  of  gas  again  this  week,  caused 
>■  a  break  in  the  main  line,  and  many 
'  the  mines  are  changing  from  gas  to 
Mel  oil  and  coal. 

.SIIII'MKNTS.    WKKK    KNDKH    DKP,    10. 


\Ai  ».'ity-Carlervillo 

plln 

tftua 

tn-Nftck 

cuweg 

iiryoon 

(inil 

-I  Juuction 

•thago 

iRor 

rora 

■  luby 

.  kson 

•  ipaw 

<  'Ropo 

I  ttClty 


alals  . 


Zluo   lb.  Lead  lb.    Value. 


4.4K4 
1.H74 
l.li:)7 


217, 
2711, 
211 
194 
iHi;, 
192 
l.->2 
117, 
113, 
6.5, 


10,855,450 


l,4():!.2r)ii 

2»7.;l4(l 

89,790 


711. 3(K) 
(111,100 
183,030 


2,025,110 


$287,528 


t  »e<>k8 5(;2,8.59.r.20  8O.I6I.S.5O  $13.323..-,49 

t  •  valHc.  thi'  wcnk,  $239,991  ;  5(1  weeks,  $11,231,927 
1  <1  value,  tlii"  wr'fk,      .'•6,537  ;  .">(1  weeks,       2,(191.622 

MONTHLY  .\vi:u.\Gr;  ritirES. 


lonth. 


J  lary. .. 
f  ruapy.. 

H.h 

A  1 

« 

I 

J  

A   iql 

*  enilinr 
0  li'M-.... 
S  'iiiber. 
I>  'mber. 

or 


Base  Price.     All  Ores, 


$41.25 

36.94 
37.4(1 
38.63 
4(1.  (h; 
44.15 
43.(»; 
48.25 
47.70 
49.60 
51.31 
49.45 

;$43.98 


1909.  1910.  1909.  1910. 


All  Ores. 


$41,201. 


.  ,$54.IM 


i 


>TK    -T'nflcr    zinc    oro    the     tiist     Iwn    cnl- 

s  Rivp   Iinsp   prices   for   00   por   cent,    zinc 

the  sfcoiul   two   the  average  for  all   nics 

Lead    ore    prices    are    the    average    for 

>res   sold. 


il  CHEM  ICALS 

^ 

t'w    York.   Dec.    14   -Chemicals    gen- 

■'  ly    are    rather   quiet    so    far   as    spot 

CSS  is  concerned.     Discussion   over 

iv  contracts   is   in   order. 

<pper  Sulphate — On  a  moderate  busi- 
'    prices  arc  unchanged  at  S4  per  100 


lb.  for  carload  lots  and  $4.25  per  100  lb. 
for  small  orders. 

Arsenic — The  market  remains  quiet, 
with  prices  unchanged  at  around  $2.25 
per  100  lb.  for  white  arsenic.  This  might 
be  shaded   for  a  good  order. 

Mtrate  of  Soda  -The  market  for  this 
article  continues  quiet,  with  prices  un- 
changed at  2.12'. c.  per  lb.  for  both  spot 
and  futures. 

Messrs.  Mortimer  &  Wisner,  New  York, 
report  the  position  of  nitrate  in  the 
United  States  on  Dec.  1,  as  follows,  in 
long    tons: 


conditions  are  sound  from  all  points  and 
ihc  consensus  of  opinion  is  that  higher 
prices  for  copper  shares  are  warranted. 
The  initiative  only  is  lacking. 

What  little  market  there  is,  is  largely 
in  the  so  called  Calumet  &  Hecla  affili- 
ated shares  and  the  Cole-Ryan  stocks. 
Allouez  has  been  a  particularly  strong 
feature  while  Calumet  &  Hecla  stock  it- 
self  has   recovered    from    its    recent    low 

corrEU  I'KoiircTioN  ukpoims. 

Cepper  contents  of  blistec  copper,   in  pounds. 


1909. 
Stocks.  Jan.  1 9,140 


1910.     Changes. 


14,000 


i.tma 


Imports,  11  mos 323,9.->8    40il.6:t5      I.     86,677 

Total  supplies 332,098    423,(>35      I.    91,537 

DiUlveries.  llmos 313.084    412,785      I.    99,70i 


Stocks,  Dec.  1 19.014       10.850 

Afloat  for  U.S IIKI.OOO    110,000 


D.      8.164 

I.  io.ixk: 


Quantities  afloat  include  all  cargoes 
due  to  arrive  at  United  States  ports  be- 
fore  March    15   next. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


Company. 

Septem- 
Ijer. 

October. 

Novem- 
ber. 

22.200.000 
2,672,000 
nil 

2,(h;i.30o 

(122,702 
6.9113.759 
2.535.0OO 
3,565.(HX) 
2,12S.(K10 

(525,840 

"ni'i"" 

'2,21 1,435 

5.151.208 
2.262.1H10 
1.418,000 
2.125.(10(1 
7,077,(135 
16.7(KI,(KI0 

22,100,00(1 
3,IK14,1100 

928,36(1 
2,278.4.54 

702.154 
7.060.796 
1,990,000 
3,576,0(X) 
1,757.836 

948.369 
1,184,2:« 

nil 

'l,'79V,i68 
4,980,3(H1 
2.;M5,(KK) 
1.286,000 
2.095,000 
7.582.219 
18..5(10,(HKI 

21.9(MI.(MM1 

Arizona,  Ltd 

3.01(1.000 

Boleo  (Mexico) 

British  cm.  Co 

(■..|iper  guoen 

caluinot  .t  Ariz 

Caiianea  (Me.\lco). . 

Detroit 

F.'iHt  Butte  . . . 

'7.372,776 
1 .930,000 
3.(i58.000 
1,840,939 

(iraiiliv 

MniiioH.tli 

>[i'<-te/.unia  (Mex.). 
Nevada   Con 

"l.654',23.5 

(lid  Ilominion 

Shannon  

2,7,54.000 
1.420.1K)0 

Snperi..r  &  Pitts.... 
Utiili  ('(tpper  (.o.  . . . 
Lake  Superior 

2,1(>0,000 
20,4(I0,(XI0 

Total  production. 
In»poi't.s.  Ijars,  etc.. 

80,251.273 
24,303,859 

84, 109,8*1 
24.292.368 

Tfdal  Idister  .   . 

i(«..5.55.132 
8.4(io.037 

108.402.198 
8.347,710 

Net  blister  rep. . . 

96,094.695 
5,7.82,067 

100,0.54,482 
5.173,277 

Total 

101,876,702 

105,227,759 

I.jik''  .'Siiperioc  li;:iii-t'.s  are  eslimated;  others 
are  rei'orts  rec(>iv((i  I'rom  eompanies.  Im- 
porls  duplieale  pro()uction  of  Britisli  Colnm- 
l>ia.  Canain'O  and  Moeiezuma.  Itoleo  copper 
does  nol  lome  lo  .\nierlcan  i-eliners.  I'tah 
Copper  report  includes  the  output  of  the 
Roston    mill. 


New  York,  Dec.  14 — As  the  year  draws 
to  a  close  trading  on  the  general  stock 
market  is  more  and  more  limited  to  a 
professional  business.  The  public  does 
not  seem  to  be  at  all  interested.  The 
market  for  the  week  has  been  irregular, 
small  advances  being  followed  by  small 
declines,  with  no  marked  tendency.  There 
was  some  advance  in  the  anthracite  stocks 
on  the  decision  in  the  trust  case,  but 
the  movement  did  not  last. 

On  the  Curb  there  was  some  activity 
and  small  advances  in  Cobalt  stocks. 
Nevada  shares  were  neglected.  Copper 
stocks  were  irregular,  and  rather  disposed 
to  be  weak.  Small  advances  and  small 
breaks  were  the  rule,  the  declines  rather 
preponderating.  Chino,  Inspiration  and 
Ray  Central  were  the  leaders,  Miami 
showed  a  little  more  strength  than  most 
of  the  coppers,  but  on  small  trading. 

Sales  of  securities  at  auction  in  New 
York,  Dec.  8,  included  110  shares  Ameri- 
can Nickel  Company,  $10  par,  .$6  for  the 
lot.  A  lot  including  1600  shares  Little 
Chief  Mining  Company,  S5  par;  1000 
shares  Rawhide  Coalition,  SI  par;  6700 
shares  Black  Di.Trnond  Anthracite  Com- 
pany of  New  Jersey,  $1  par;  50  shares 
Golden  Star  Mines,  $5  par;  with  400 
shares  electric  stocks,  brought  S77  for  the 
lot. 

Boston,  Dec.  13 — Copper  stocks  have 
picked  up  a  little  during  the  week  and  al- 
though there  is  a  lack  of  animation,  as 
well  as  public  interest,  there  is  an  un- 
deniably strong  tone  to  the  market.  Lit- 
tle is  expected  of  copper  until  after  the 
turn    of   the    vear.      In    a   way    the    local 

market  is  dependent  upon  the  course  of     pr^;!;;;:;■(;u,"inei;;dl;S':Il^:p;^!■■n:;!n■■,n'■.hl 
prices  in  New  York,  as  there  is  no  one     country,    iiotii    from   domestic   and    imported 

,.  u  1.  L  material.  Visible  slocks  are  those  reported 
man  or  clique  who  has  the  courage  to  on  the  llrsi  dav  of  each  monlh  as  luonght 
take    the    market    in    hand.      Underlying     '""i-  fi"'"  ""■  I'l-cedlng  month. 


STATISTICS  OF  corrici 

!. 

Month. 

United 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries, 

Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  E.xport. 

SII,  1909 

117,828.655 

G9.519.501 

59..546.570 

Year,  1909.... 

1.405.403,056 

705,051.591 

680,942,620 

I.  1910 

II 

11(1,.547,287 
112.712.493 
120.067,467 
117.477,639 
123,242,476 
127.219.188 
118.37(1.(HI3 
127.803.618 
119.519.98:) 
126.469.284 
119,363.463 

78,I.58.:i87 
(56.618.322 
62.S44.8i8 
67.985,951 
59.305,222 
53.363.196 
.56,708,175 
67,731.271 
(>4,50I.(1I8 
67.814,172 
60,801,992 

81.691.672 
37,369.518 
4(1..5S5.767 
31.332.434 
45.495.400 
65.895.948 

Ill     

IV 

v 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX  . .             ... 

61,831,7,80 
75.1(16,496 
68,186.912 
67.424,316 

X   

XI 

VISIBLE  STOCKS. 

rnited 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

XII.  1909 

I.  I9I0 

II 

Ill 

IV 

153.003,527 
141.766,111 
98.463.339 
107.187.992 
123,824,874 
M1.984.1.)9 
160.425.973 
l(58,;i8(i.017 
I7(l.(flO,678 
168.881.245 
148.793.714 
139.261.914 
13(I,389,(k;9 

236.857,6(K) 
244,204,800 
248,236.800 
2,54,1.5(1.40(1 
249. ('.25, COO 
246.87(1.4(10 
239.142. iOO 
232.892.8(KI 
222.320.0(H) 
218.444.800 
211.276.S(K) 
198,060.800 
193,200,000 

389,801,127 
385.970,911 
316.70(1.139 
361.338.392 
373.450.474 
388.854.569 
399.568.373 
401.278,817 
392.960,678 
:t87.326.045 
3(io,(l70.514 
337.322.714 
:t2;).589,069 

v 

VI.. .; 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI    

XII 

1236 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


at  S520.  North  Butte  has  fluctuated  rather 
widely.  Calumet  &  Arizona  has  been 
notably  strong  and  the  exchange  of  one 
share  of  this  for  3' j  of  Superior  &  Pitts- 
burg has  helped  both  issues,  marketwise. 
Shattuck  &  Arizona,  a  stock  seldom 
tiaded  in,  rose  sharply  as  there  was  a 
lack  of  selling  orders.  The  declaration  of 
a  SI  dividend  is  announced  by  this  com- 
pany. 

Prices  today  receded  in  sympathy  with 
the  Wall  Street  list,  but  no  great  line  of 
stocks  could  be  bought  at  the  present 
level. 

Curb  trading  has  been  confined  to  the 
important  issues  like  Chine,  Inspiration 
and  Mason  Valley.  Prices  are  a  trifle 
of^  for  the  week.  The  talk  of  listing 
Chino  and  Ray  Consolidated  calls  atten- 
tion to  the  fact  that  the  latter  is  already 
listed  on  the  Boston  Stock  Exchange. 

.Vssessiiieiits 


Compauy. 

Delinq. 

Sale. 
Jan.   l.i 

Amt. 

Amad.ir  C.  ,^  G.,  Ida 

Dec. 

1.1 

$11,01 

.\mal  Nev.  Mines  Co 

Dec. 

Ui 

-Jan.   iry 

U.O.T 

Di'C. 

IS 

Jan.     (t 

0   01 

Dec. 
Dec. 

30 

0  10 

Bullion  Bpok,  Utah 

O.O.T 

Dec. 

r^ 

Dec.  :!ll 

0.10 

Copper  King,  Ida 

Dec. 

ir, 

Jan.   1(1 

0.01 

Dec. 
Fob. 

111 

■21) 

Jan.     4 
Mar.  211 

0   001} 

Florence  M.  &  M.,  Iila 

0.001 

Gold  Mt.  Champion,  Utah.. 

Doc. 

1 

Dec.   1!) 

0.00  J 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nov 



Dec.    27 

0.10 

HorsoslioB,  Ida 

Dec. 

ii) 

Jan.   In 

0.002 

Ibex,  Ida  

Dec. 

17 

Jan.    17 

0.002 

Ida.  Copper  M.  Ltd.,  Ida 

Nov. 

■i-2 

Dec.  22 

0   003 

^^> 

Jan.   17 

0  05 

LeroyG&t^.  Ida 

Dec. 

21 

Jan.   Ill 

0.001 

Little  North  Fork,  Ida 

Nov. 

l-> 

Dec.  :il 

0   004 

Luckv  Swede  (i.  &  C,  Ida. . . 

Dec. 

1 

Dec.   HI 

0.001 

Mineral  Farm.  Ida 

Nov. 

v> 

Dec.   17 

0.003 

Mlsrionla  Cttpper,  Ida 

Doc. 

1-2 

Dec.  31 

0.01 

N". .rth  Fi-ankllu,  Ida 

Dec. 

l.i 

Jan.   16 

0.003 

Nov. 
Dec. 

•2S 

1.-) 

Dec.  20 
Jan.   10 

Silver  Queen,  Utah 

0  Old 

Ulntah-Treas.  HiU,  Utah. . . 

Dec. 

12 

Jan.     t'l 

0  01 

Vienna  Vein,  Ida 

Dec. 

l.T 

Jan.   Ki 

o.oul 

3l(>*.il  hly     \  vernsre    l*rie<'s   «»f    Motis Is 

siiAi:!: 


N 

•w  Yo 

■k. 

Loudon. 

Mouth. 

1000 

V. 

10.      lOO'.l. 

li 

10 

.January 

.M 

7. 'ill  .V2 

375  23 

S43 

24 

1.54 

M 

172  ."il 

704 

."ill 
SI 

4(l«,."il 
42H  .'i3 

4.54  23 
221  23 

7lis!24 

l»on 

.\pril 

4R3 

May 

r,:'. 

i)05  63 

S70  24 

:i43i24 

707 

June 

M 

a:is\m 

4r)2  24 

ii-.i;'24 

051 

July 

.-)l 

(l43'.->4 

1.5II'23 

51il'25 

034 

August 

nl 

12.i  r>2 

012  23 

.".SS24 

42» 

September 

.ii 

440  .i3 

205  23 

743  24 

5117 

October 

.w 

1123  .55 

400:23 

.51 12 '25 

501! 

November 

.■iO 

703  55 

035  23 

351 

25 

m) 

Doceiuber 

52 

22lil . . 

. . . ^24 

030 

Total 

51 

;m 

...  23 

70fi 

N-'W    Vork,    renfs    per    (ine 
pftur    |)'T    slandanl    inin.-i-. 


(•()i-ri:i;. 

New  Yokk. 

Loudon. 

Electrolytic 

Lake. 

WOO. 

I'.llO. 

I'JUO.  )  1010. 

ItlUfl. 

1910. 

January 

February.. . . 

March 

April 

May     

13.803 
12.04',l 
12.3H7 
12  5I1| 
12,WI3 
13,214 
12.HK0 
13,007 
12,K7(I 
I2.7IKI 
13.125 
13.2ilH 

13,(120 
13.332 
13.2.55 
12.733 
12. 5.50 
12.404 
12.215 
12.400 
12.370 
12. 5.53 
12  742 

14.280 
13.205 
12.8211 
12.031 
13,238 
13.. 548 
13.3113 
13  2911 
13.210 
13  1130 
13.354 
13.047 

13.870 
13.710 
13,. 580 
13.001 
12,8.85 
12.708 
12.. 570 
12.-15 
12.0118 
12  788 
12  014 

01 . 198 
.57.088 
50.231 
.57.303 
.50 ,  338 
59.027 
58.. 5.50 
.59 ,  393 

59 ,  mi 

57.. 531 
.58.917 
,59.900 

00.923 
59 ,  388 
.59.214 
.57,238 
.50,313 
55  310 

July 

54  104 

AuKUMt 

September  .. 

October 

November.. . 
December. .. 

55.733 
.55.207 
.50.722 
57 ,  034 

Year 

12.UH2 

13,335 

58.732 

TIN 

AT    NEW    YOUK 

Month. 

1900. 

1910. 

Month.      1  1900. 

1910. 

January . . . 
February  , , 

March 

April 

May 

June 

28,0011 
2.^  2011 
28   T*j7 
20,445 
20  225 
20 ! 322 

32,71H> 
32   020 
32,403 
32.970' 
33.1251 
32  7091 

-July 

.\ugust 

September. 

October 

November.. 
December.. 

Av  Tear.. 

29.125 
29.906 
30.293 
30.475 
30.859 
32.913 

32.095 
33.972 
34.982 
36.190 
.S6,547 

29.725 

..:... 

SAN  I-RANCISCO. 


Dec.  13. 


I'riees  are   in   cents   per   pound. 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1010. 

January 

Februaiy 

March 

April 

Mav 

4.175 
4,018 
3.086 
4.168 
4.287 
4.3.50 
4,321 
4,303 
4,342 
4,341 
4.370 
4 ,  560 

4 ,  700 
4.013 
4.439 
4.370 
4.315 
4.343 
4.404 
4 ,  400 
4  400 
4.400 
4  442 

4 ,  025 
3.S08 
3.835 
1.051 
4.214 
4.291 
4,188 
4  227 
4,215 
4  215 
4  2.52 
4.459 

4  5.82 
4.445 
4.307 
4 ,  225 
4 .  104 
4 .  207 
4,291 
4  200 
4 ,  280 
4.271 
4  314 

13.113 
13.313 
l.'l  43S 
13  207 
13   225 
13   1131 
12   503 
12   475 
12.781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.125 

13.650 
13.328 

13  (103 
12   041 

June 

July 

-\ugust 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

12  08S 
12  .531 

12  513 
12.582 
13.091 

13  217 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

Xpw    York    n-d    Si.    i.ouis.    rents   per    pound. 
I.ondct!!.   pniiiids   stiM'Iinu-  per   loui:   Inn. 

SPELTER 


New    York   :i nd    St.    I.ouis,   cents    per   pound. 
Loudon,  pounds  sterling  per  loug  ton. 

PRICES  OF   PIG   IRON  AT   PITTSIU  U<;. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1000. 

1910.     1009. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February  — 

Mai-ch 

April 

May 

June 

July 

$17,18 
10  73 
III  40 
15  79 
15.77 
10.13 
10.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18,96 
18. 53 
18,28 
17.10 
16.52 
10,40 
16.09 
15. 92* 
15.90 
15.84 



$10.40 
16.09 
15.84 
15.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
16.80 
17.84 
18.37 
18.15 

$17.98 
17.21 
10  93 
10.84 
13.<.)4 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 
14.73 
14.05 
14,26 

$10.26 
15.90 
15,62 
15.00 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18.09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17.38 
17.00 
16.75 
16.18 
15. 53 
15  40 

August 

Sejiteinbcr  . . 

October 

November... 
December. .. 

15.16 
14,93 
14.88 
14.78 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.40 



$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


New  York,  eeiil.s  pel-  poiiiHi,  I'^Ieel  roly  tic  Is 
for  cakes.  Ingots  or  wlrebar.s.  London,  pounds 
slprling.   per  long   ton,   standard  copper. 


COLO.  SPBINGS  Dec.  13 

SALT  LAKE         Dec.  13 

Name  ol  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  ot  Comp. 

Bid. 

.04i 
.021 
.17 
.081 
.743 
.84i 

J.  06 
.00 
.12} 

t.03,1 
.18" 

.101! 

t,03- 

.02V' 

t.04  i 

:,.49  1 

.02 
1.00 

.901 
{  03 

Bingham  Coppei-. 

Carlsa -, 

Coloi-ado  Mining. 
Columbus  Con... 

Daly  J  udge 

Grand  Central 

Iron  Blossotn 

Little  Bell ., 

Little  Chief 

Lower  Mammoth. 

Mason  Valley 

Maj.   Mines 

May  Day 

Nevada  Hills 

Cripple  Cr'k  Con.. 
C   K   &  N 

.40 
.17 
J4.25 
.80 
.75 
Jl.OO 

t.22 
.12  J 

9.50 

t.63 
.08) 

2.12J 

.08 

1.05 

29 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

Elkton  (,'ou 

El  Past*  

Fannie  Rawlins.. 

Gold  Hollar 

Gold  Sovereign... 

Isabella 

Ji^ntiie  Semj)lo  . .. 

Lexington 

Moon  ,\iichiir 

Old  Gold 

:\Iary  McKlnney.. 

Pharmacist 

Portland 

Prince  Con 

Sllv(M-KlngCoal'n 

Stoiix  Con 

Uncle  Sara 

Victoria 

Vindicator 

Work 

.4S! 
tl.OTi 

Name  of  Comp.      Clg. 


CoMSTocK  Stocks 

Alta 

Belcher 

Best  4  Belcher 

Caledonia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Coll.  Cal.  &  Va 

Clown  Point 

GouUl  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Me.'vican 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada 

Union  Con .    

Yellow  Jacket 


J. 05 
.40 

1.15 
.22 
.08 
.12 

J. 70 
.77 
.35 
.12 
.13 
.74 
.41 

1.07 
.27 

J  30 
.08 
.12 
.15 
26 


Name  of  Comp.     Bid 


MISC.  Nev.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Jim    Butler 

MacNamara 

Midway 

Mont.-Tonopah  . . 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

.\tlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 

Argonaut 

Bunker  Hill 

Cent.  Eureka  

So.  Eureka 


4.. 50 

.20 

.20 

.17 

.80 

.04 

.30 

.12 

.01 

.15 

.19 

.26 

J. 05 

.07 

t.U 

.02 

tl.20 

;7.25 

1.77 

J5.90 


N.  Y.  E-icH.         Dec.  13   iBOSTONEXCH.    Dee.  13 


Name  of  Comp.      clg. 


Amalgamated 

Am.  .\gri.  Chem. . 
Am.Sin.A:Ref.,com 
Am.Sni.  *Rel.,pt. 

Anaconda 

BethlehemSteelpf 
Col.  &Hock.O.  &I, 
Federal  .M.  &S.,pf. 

G.ddlield  Con 

Great  Nor.,orectt. 

Homestake 

Nat'nalLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  Consol 

Pittsburg  Coal,pf. 

RepublicLtS.Com. 
Republic  I  &S,  pt. 
Sl<  "SsSiU'fli  'd,com. 
Slo.ss  Slieflield,  pt. 
Tennessee  Copper 

UtahC'opper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


Name  of  Comp. 


62', 
46  ,'4 

tl03?i| 
■   39  ,'4 

39     1 

t6 
J58 

5r"^ 

|S5     [ 
32 
tl04 
18}j! 

6o;J 

31  1 
:93'.-' 

49\ 
+114  I4 

34,'i 

40 

72 '4- i 
11015 

02 


N.  Y.  CUEB 


Dec.  13 


Name  of  Comp. 

Clg. 

Ariz.-Cananea 

3\ 

Barnes  King 

+  r. 

Bonanza  Creek. . . 

t3 

Braden  Copper... 

4« 

B.  C.  Cojiper 

a% 

Buffalo  Mines 

t2,'. 

Butte  Cualition... 

18V 

Caledimla 

ie 

Calumet  &  Mont.. 

90 

Canadian  Mines.. 

H'H 

Chino 

21  »4' 

Cobalt  tk>ntral 

8^ 

Con.  Ariz.  Sm 

li"- 

Davis-Daly 

1'.; 

Dominion  Cop 

17 

Elv  Ct>n 

40 

3K 
IJi 

Florence 

6% 

Greene  Canauea.. 

h\ 

Guanajuato 

1 

Guerrero 

nsi 

Guggen.  Exp 

195 

Kerr  Lake 

o»< 

La  Rose 

I2I" 

MoKin!ev-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

19  « 

Mines  Co.  of  .\m.. 

of.. 

:Mi<iiI.  Sli.'.-^hone, . 

{.14 

N"v.  rial.  M.  &S. 

;; 

NijHs-snit:  Mines.. 

10',' 

Ohi"  Cnpp.n- 

1,". 

Paeilio  Sm.  &  M.. 

H 

Preci««us  Mi-tals. . 

l.V 

Rav  Central 

2V 

Ray  Con 

19  V 

Red  Warritu- 

I'i 

South  Utah  M.itS. 

1!.' 

Standard  Oil 

617 

4 

'I'onnpah 

Tonnpnh  Ex 

1.02 

Tri-liuUion 

H 

la 

Unitin  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 

*."» 

LONDON        Dec.  U 


Name  of  Com. 


Dolores 

Stratton'slnd. 

Camp  Bird 

Esperan/.a 

TomlHiv 

El  Oro 

On.ville 
Mexicf*  Mines 


Clg. 


£1  108 

Od 

0    3 

3 

1  11 

3 

1  18 

9 

OlS 

M 

1    6 

0 

0    (! 

i> 

718 

H 

■  Adventure 

lAlgomah 

I  Allouez , 

|Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian  

'Arizona  Com,... 

Atlantic , 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin . 

Butte  &  Balak... 
;Calumet  &  Ariz.. 
I  Calumet  &  Hecla 

ICenteunial 

Icon.  Mercur 

jCopper  Range... 

jDaly-West 

I  East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

[Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake , 

La  Salle 

Mass 


Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada , 

North  Butte , 

North  Lake 

Ojibway , 

Old  Dominion... 

Osee<.)la 

Parrot , 

Quincy , 

Shannon 

Superior , 

Superior  &  Bost. 
Superior  &  Pitts. 

Tamarack , 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


<^lg. 


8X 
39>i 
26 
ti 

l(t 
te 

67 
t^^ 

12X 

^H 

Hi 
'22 
J2 

Via 

3« 
33 

7Si 
X9 

■■i% 
40 
18?i 
29« 

OX 

•8 

J363i 

tl2iU- 

V2X 

71 

nx 

» 

13V 
{.58 

4'. 
33 
46J4 

•ili 
13 

2^.. 

1118 


BOSTON  CURB    Dec.  13 

Name  of  Comp. 

Last. 

{ISO 

pa 

Bingham  Mines.. 

Boston  Ely 

liS 

Boswyocolo 

.08 

Cactus 

.23 

Calaveras 

2  871^ 

Champion 

,114 

Chemung 

:.osi. 

Chief  Cons 

1 .5014 

Cons.  Ariz 

»H 

Corbin 

♦4 

Crown  Reserve 

J2'. 

First  Nat.  Cop 

1  81", 

Inspiration 

9  25 

Mackinaw 

23 

Majestic 

,30 

Natl  Mine  ,<:  Ex. 

1  59 

Nevada-Douglas. . 

>  37  fi 

Oneco 

n 

Raven  Copper. . . 

.46 

Rhode  Island  Coal 

(1  75 

San  .\ntonio 

JO 

Shattuck-Ailz 

{21 

South  Lake 

7  75 

Superior  &  Globe 

•10 

Trethewey 

JIS 

Tuolumne  Copper 

J»*i 

.UBS 

Yuma 

T.ao 

JI.Jisi    (luotnli'in. 


December  17,  1910. 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Companies — U.  S. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


37 


Name  of  Company 
AND   Situation. 


Ala.«ka  .Mexican,  g. 
Alaska  Tread  well,  g. 
Ala.'ika  United,  g.  .  . 
Amalgainated,  c.  .  . 
Aid.  .Sin.i.Ref.,com. 
Am.  Sill.  >t  Hef.,pf . . 
Am.  .Smellers,  pi.  A. 
Am.  Smelters,  pf.  B. 
Am.  Zinc.LeadiSm. 
Anaronda,  c 

Ari/onaut,  g 

Arizona  Copper,  pf 

Arizona  Copper.com 

AUantic.  c 

Bald  lliitte.  g.  s. . . . 

Beck  Tunnel,  K.  si.. 

Boston  A'  .Montana 

Bull.  Bci'k.,tCliam.,g 

Bunker  UilUt  Sull,  . 

Butte  Coalition,  c.s 

Calumet .^-.Vrizona,  c 

CalUEriet  &  Heela,  c  . 

Camp  liird,  g  s 

Colorado,  1.  s 

Columbus  Con.,  c.  .  . 

Con.  .Mercur.,  g  .  .  . . 

Continetilal,  z.  1. . .  . 

Copper  Range  Con.  . 

Creede  rniled,  g.  .  . 

Daly  Judge,  g.  s.  1. . 

Daly  West,  g.  s.  1. . . 

De  Lamar,  g.  s 

Doe  Run,  I 

Elklon  (ton.,  g 

;    El  Paso,  g 

Fed  M.&  Sm.,  com. 

Federal  .M  &  S.,  pf 

Findlcy,  g 

Florence,  g 

Frances-Mohawk,  g. 

Gemini-Keystone. . . 

Gen.  Dev.  Co 

Goldfield  Con.,  g.  . . 

Grand  Central,g.  , . . 

Granite  g 

GuKircnIieim  Expl. 

Hecla.  s.  1 

Homestake,  g 

Horn  Silver,  g.s.c.z.l 

Imperial,  c 

Inter' I  Nickel,  pf.  .  . 
Inler'l  Sm.  &  Kef.. . 
Iron  Blossom,  s.l.  . . 

Iron  Silver,  s,  1 

Jamison,  g 

Jerry  Johnson,  g.  .  . 

Kendall,  g 

Liberty  Bell,  g.  s.  .  . 
MacXamara,  s.  g.  .  . 
Mammoth,  g.  s.  1.  .  . 
Mary  McKinney,g. . 
May  IJay,  g.  s.  1. . . . 

Mohawk  M.  Co 

Mont.  Ore  Purch .  .  . 
Nevada  Cons.,  c. .  . . 
Nevada  Hills,  s.g. . . 
New  Century,  z.l .  .  . 
Newhou.se  M.  &  S.  c. 

New  Iilria,  q 

New  Jersey  Zinc .  .  . 

North  Butte,  c 

North  Star,  g 

Old  Dominion,  c. .  .  . 
01dDomin'n,M&Sm. 

Ophir.  g.  s 

OrovillcDredg'gU.g. 

Dsceola,  c 

Parrot,  c. 

Phelps.  Dodge  &  Co. 

Portland,  g.  .  . 

Quartette,  g.  s 

juincv.  c 

Sound  .Mountain,  g . 

5t.  Joseph,  1 

Shannon,  c 

Jilver  King  Co't'n.t. 
3loux  ('on.,s.  I.  g  .  .  . 
3now  Storm,  eg  .  .  . 
Handard  Con..g.s  .  . 
Hratton's  Independ. 

iwansea.  g.  s.  1. 

famarack,  c 

Pennes.see,  c 

Toniboy,  g.  s 

Tonopaliof  Nev.,  s.g. 
Ponopali  Belm't.s.g. 
Tonopah  lOxt'n,  s.  g. 
Tonopah  Midw'y  ,s.g. 
Jncle  .Sam,  g.  s.  1.. . 
Tnited  Cop.  com .  . . 

Jnlted,  c.  pf 

Jnited,  z.  r,  pf  .  . 
■.S.Sm.H,&NI..pf. .  . 
I.S.Sm.R&M.,com. 
T.S.  Ked.it  Kef.  Pf. 
'tah,  K.  (FishSp'gs) 

■iIl  Con.,  c 

■ih  Copper 

'  loria,  Utah 

indicator  Con. 
Volverine,  c. .. 
V'ork,  g 

ankee  Con. . . 

'■Mow  .\ster,  g 

ukon  Cold.  E. 


,e. 


Alas.  .. 
Alas. .. 
Alas .  . . 
Mont .  . 
U.  S... 

u.  s... 

u.  s... 
u.  s... 

Kan .  . . 
Mont.  . 
Cal. ... 
.Ariz .  .  . 
.4riz .  . . 
Mich..  . 
.Mont .  . 
Ulah  . 
.Mont .  . 
Utah..  . 

Ha 

Mont .  . 
.Ariz .  .  . 
Mich..  . 
Colo .  . . 
Utah... 
Utah... 
Utah... 
Mo ... . 
Mich... 
Colo .  . . 
Utah... 
Ulah... 

Ilia 

.Mo .... 
("olo .  . . 
Colo  .  . . 
Idaho. . 
Idaiio.  . 
Colo .  . . 

Nev 

Nev . . . 
Utah... 

U.S.... 

Nev  ... 
Utah... 
Colo  .  . .  , 

u.  s. ... 

Idaho.  .  . 

S.  D...  . 

Utah.. .  . 

Ariz  .  .  . . 

N.  Y.... 

Utah  .  .  . 

Utah 

Colo  .  . .  . 

Cal 

Colo.  .  . . 

Mont 

Colo  .  . .  . 

Nev 

Utah 

Colo  .  .  .  . 

Utah 

.Mich 

.Mont .  .  . 

Nev .  .  .  . 

Nev .  .  .  . 

Mo 

Utah.... 

Cal 

U.  S 

Mont .  .  . 

Cal 

.\riz .... 

.Ariz  .  .  .  . 

Nev . . . . 

Cal 

.Mich 

Mont .  .  . 

U.  S 

Colo .... 

Nev 

Mich 

Nev 

Mo 

.\riz .... 
Utah.... 

Utah.... 

Ida 

Cal 

Colo 

Utah 

Mich 

Tenn 

Colo 

.Nev 

Nev 

Nev 

Nev 

Utah 

.Mont 

Mont 

Mo. -Kan. 

U.  S    

u.  s 

Colo 

Utah 

I'tah 

Utah 

Utah 

Colo 

Mich 

Colo 

Utah 

Cal 

U.S.&Can. 


Issued. 


Par 
Val. 


I 


nividend  previous  lo  con.wliilal  Ion. 
■llniliidi-s     .'S'Jilri.iiiMl     refunded. 


180,000 

200,000 

180.200 

1,53S..S79 

oOO.OOO 

.500.00(1 

170.000 

300.0(10 

80, 12(1 

6,000.000 

200.000 

1,266.120  1  .20 

1,519,896  1.20 

lOO.OOO 

250.000 

1.000.000  0 

150,000 

100,000 

327.000 

1,000,000 

200.000 

100.000 

100.000 

1,000.000 

285.510 

1,000,000 

22.000 

381. 1S5 

1,625,000 

300,000 

180.000 

80,000 

65,782 

2,500,000 

2,450,000 

60,000 

120,000 

250,000 

1,050,000 

912,000 

5,000 

260.000 

3,558,367 

50,000 

1.650,000 

207,933 

1,0(JO,000 

21,S.K)0 

400,000 

500.000 

89,126 

100,000 

1.000.000 

500,000 

390.000 

2,500,000 

500,000 

130,551 

728,341 

400,000 

1,309,252 

800,000 

100,000 

80,833 

1,151.200 

740.000 

300,000 

600,000 

100,000 

100,000 

410,000 

2.50,000 

293,24 

162,000 

201,600 

700,000 

96,150 

229.850 

449.346 

3,000,000 

110.000 

110,000 

866,426 

1 ,000,000 

300,000 

1,2.50,000 

746,389 

1,. 500,000 

178.394 

1, 01 2, .100 

100.000 

60.000 

200.000 

300.000 

1,000.000 

1,500,000 

943.433 

1,000,000 

500,000 

450,000 

50,000 

19,556 

351,010 

486,044 

.39,458 

100.000 

300,000 

1,. 162, 599 

250.000 

1,500.000 

60.000 

1 .500.000 

1.000.000 

100.000 

3.500,000l 


Dividends. 


Total  to 
Date 


S  2 
11 


Latest. 


Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Jan. 


25 

1 

10 

25 

10 

10 

15 

10 

25 

5 

1.20 

5 

1 

25 

100 

1 

1 

20 

5 

100 

1 

1 

100 

100 

1 

1 

1 

100 

100 

10 

1 

100 

0.25 

100 

25 

10 

100 

100 

1 

20 

10 

i.lO 

5 

5 

1 

.50 

1 

.25 

25 

25 

.00 

5 

1 

10 

5 

100 

15 

10 

2 

25 

3 

5 

25 

10 

100 

1 

10 

25 

1 

10 

10 


1 

10 

5 

5 

25 

25 

1.85 

1 

1 

1 

1 

100 

100 

25 

SO 

50 

100 

10 

5 

10 

1 

1 

25 

1 

10 
5 


42,381 

35,000 

793.190 

62,.S09.8S4 

19.500,000 

36,750.0(io|jan 

5.21(1.01)11  Dec. 

7.s,".7.(i(i(rDec. 

4  HI..' Ill  Jan. 

47,700, 00(1  ()<-t. 

1,200.00(1  June 


1,344,257 
12,204.910 

990,000 
1.354,648 

075  000 

71.225,000 

2,728.400 

12,293,100 

3,700.000 

11,500,000 

113.4-50,000 

6,793,650 

2,270,000 

226.832 
3.385.313 

23 1 .000 
10,757,770 

214,053 

225.000 
6,201, OOOiJlily 

835,200  .Sept. 
2,448,477    ■ 
2,666.959 
1,389,045 
2,708,750 
6,011,250 

337.500 

735.000 

546,000 

2,000,000 

2,639,000 

12,806.500 

1,331,250'Dec. 

263,500  Dec. 

11.051,150  Jan. 

2,090,000!Nov. 

26.1 19.6401  Nov. 

5,642,000|Sept, 

300,000;June 
5,025.634  Nov. 


Nov 

July 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

July 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Sept. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Jan. 

July 

.\pr 


.Sept. 

Oct. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Sept 

Apr. 

Jan. 

Aug. 

.Mar. 

Jan 


1.100.000 

680,000 
4,350,000 

370,500 

100.000 
1,305,000 

522,093 

40,213 

2,220.000 

S9l.363'Jurie 

1(18,(1(11)  ,M'pt. 
2.(i.")(l,(i(il)  I'el). 
9.4:i7,27l  Jan. 


Dec. 

.Sept. 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Oct 

-May 

.Mar. 


Dec. 
Dec. 
Oct. 


Oct, 
.May 
Oct. 


2,158,."i00 
373,000 
216,000 

'  jjOC  '*^^ 

l,290i000 
12.000,000 

9.266.000 

2.786.999  Sept 

1.673.756  Jan. 

1.417.000  Jan. 

1.816.360  .May 

1.3.S3.036  Dec. 

8.95K,65o  July 

6.87li,U0:i  Nov. 
10.784.304  Dec 


•10 

'10 

•10 

•10 

•11 

•11 

•10 

'10 

•11 

•10 

•10 

•10 

•10 

•05 

•07 

'07 

•10 

'08 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'0 

'06 

'08 

'11 

'06 

'07 

'10 

'06 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'09 

'10 

'06 

'10 

'08 

'07 

'10 

•11 

•09 

'10 

'11 

•10 

•10 

•o 

•07 
•10 
•10 
•10 
•10 
•10 
•09 
•10 
•10 
•10 
•08 
'10 
'08 
'10 
'0' 


SO.  30 
1  00 
0.30 


0 
1.00 
1.75 
1 .  50 
1.25 
0 ,  50 
0,50 
0   05 

0  or, 

0.30 
0,02 
0.04 
0.02 


Sept.  '07 


8.677,080 

$430,000 

19.440.000 

328.404 

7,208,357 

450,000 

1,659.88. 


(.)ct. 
Sfpt 
I  )ec. 
Sept 
.Sept 

July 
Ian. 


2.928  Oct 
1.005.000,  Aug. 
5.327 .925|jan. 
5,895.865:  Nov. 
329,.500  .Mar. 
9.420.000  .July 
2.300,250  Dec. 

2.473.500  June 
6.4.50.000  Oct. 

968.003  Jan. 

283.030  Apr 

250,000  ■ 

350,000 
5.962,.500 
1,500.000 

312.782 
7.858..S53 
3.026.725 

1.005. 501 
323.000 

6.900.000  Jan. 
0,799.4.50' Dec. 

1.82,000  Dec. 
2.137..500'JuIy 
6..'i00.000!Oct. 

172..500iJuly 

182.500  Jan. 

958.-89  Aug. 
2.100.000:  Dec. 


Jan. 

.Sept. 

Aug. 

.May 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Feb. 


10 
■08 
'10 
•10 
'11 
'11 
'08 
'09 
'10 
'10 
'10 
■10 
•07 
•10 
■|0 
■10 
•07 
•10 
•10 
•10 
'10 
'10 
'07 
'07 
'09 
'10 
'10 
'11 
'06 
'O 

'10 

'O' 

'0' 

'OS 

'10 

'10 

'0 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'09 

"10 

'10 

•08 

'07 

•07 

■10 


1.00 
7.00 
0.24 
0.06 
0.20 
0.02* 
0.25" 
1. 00 
O.OOJ 
0.37* 
0.30 
0.24 
1.50 
O.OIJ 
0.01 
1.50 
1.75 
0.01 
0.10 
0.05 
10.00 
1.00 
0.50 
0.04 
0.01 
2.50 
0.02 
0.,50 
0.05 
0,20 
1,50 
2.00 
0.06 
0.10 
0  02 
0,01 
0   02 
1,00 
0,02J 
0  05 
0,01 
OOIJ 

1,00 

15.00 
0.37i 
0.10 
0.01 
0.50 
0.30 
4.00 
0.30 
0.40 
0.25 
0.50 
0.10 
0.12J 
4.00 
0.15 
4.50 
0.02 
0.10 
l.(X) 
0.04 
0.15 
0.50 
0.15 
0.04 
0.01* 
0.75 
0.60 
0.05 
4 .  00 
1 .  25 
0.48 
0.4(1 
0.15 
0.15 
0.05 
0.02 
1,75 
3 ,  00 

0 .  50 
0,87i 
0.50 

1 .  50 
0 .  02 
0,50 
0,75 
0.02 
0 , 0.i 
5 .  00 
0.01 
0.03 
0.20 
0    10 


■•SI, 436 .250. 


t?ll,187 


500. 


Coal,  Iron  and  Other  Industrials — United  States 


Name  of  Company 

AND    SlTU.\T10N. 


Amer  .Ag.Chem,  pf, 
Ameiican  Cement .  . 

American  Coal 

Hethleiiem  Steel,  pf . 

Cambria  .Steel 

Central  C.  &  C.com. 
Central  C.  &  C.  pf. . . 
Col.A-llock.C.*l.,pf. 
Con.^olidated  Coal.  , 
Consolidation  Coal.. 
Crucible  Steel,  pf,  ,  . 
Empire  S.  &  1.,  pf..  . 

Fairmont  Coal 

General Cheni.,  com. 
General  Chem.,  pf .  , 
International  .Salt .  , 
Jelt.&crf  C.i-l.,cm. 
Jeff.  &crfC.  AL.pf. 

Kern  River  Oil 

Lehigh  Coal  *  .Nav.. 
.Maryland  Coal,  pf .  . 
.\Ionon.  R.  Coal.pf. . 
Nat.  Carbon,  com.  . 
Nat.  Carbon,  pf .  .  .  . 
National  Lead.  com. 
National  Lead.  pf. . . 
Nat.  Steel  AW  ire.  pf. 
New  Central  Coal..  . 
New  River  Coal.  pf.. 
Pacihc  Coast  Borax . 

Peerless  Oil 

Penn.  Salt 

Penn.  Steel,  pf 

Phila.  Gas.  com.  .  .  . 

Pliila.  Gas.  pf 

Pittsburg  Coal.  pf.  , 
PocahontasCC,  pf.t 
Pocah^tasC.C.  cm.t. 
Republic  I.  A  s..  pf.. 
.SIos.s-.Sheffield,  com. 
Sloss-Sheffleld,  pf. . . 

Standard  Oil 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.,  com.  . 
Tenn.  C.  &  1.,  pf  .  . 
TexasA Pacific  Coal. 
Uni.  iMetals .Selling.. 
U.S.  Steel  Corp..  cm. 
U.S.  Steel  Corp.,  pf. 
Va,  Carolina  Cn.,pf. 
Va.CarolinaCh.,com. 
Warwick  I.  A  S ,  .  .  , 
W^estmoreland  Coal . 


U.S., 
Penn . . 
Md  .  . .  , 
Penn . . 
Penn. . 
.Mo .  .  . . 
.Mo .  .  . , 
Ohio. . . 

Ill 

Md .  .  . . 
I'enn... 
N.  J.  .. 
W.  Va. 
U.S... 
U.  S... 
Penn. . . 
Penn. . . 
Penn .  . 
Cal .  . . . 

'eiin. , , 

.Md 

Penn... 
U.  S.... 
U.S... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

.Md 

W.  Va . 

Cal 

Cal ,  . . . 
Penn. .. 
Penn. .. 

enn.. . 
Penn. .. 
Penn. .. 
W.  Va. 
W.  Va. 
Ill 


Issued. 


Ala... 

Ala.  .  . 
U.  S.. 
renn.. 
Tenn. . 
Texas. 
U.S.. 
U.S.. 
U.S.. 
U.  s.. 
u.  s . . 
U.S.. 
Penn . . 


181,530 

200,000 

50.000 

1.50,000 

900,000 

51,250 

18.750 

69.244 

50,000 

190,247 

244,365 

25,000 

120,000 

74,103 

100,000 

182,280 

15,000 

15,000 

20.000 

482.936 

18.8.50 

100.000 

55,000 

45.000 

206.554 

243.676 

25,778 

50,000 

37.61 

19.000 

92.000 

60,000 

165,000 

664,800 

120,000 

297,010 

28.000 

45.000 

204,169 

100,000 

67,0OO| 

970,000 

225,536 

2,840 

25.000 

50.000 

5.083.025 

3,602.811 

180,000 

279,844 

148.671 

60.000 


Par 

Val, 


DlVIDE.NDS. 


SlOO 
10 
25 
100 
50 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 

100 

50 

100 

100 

100 
lOO 
100 
100 
100 

20 
100 
100 

10 

50 
100 

50 

so 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
,50 1 


Total  to 

Date^ 

S3 .378 1.3  90 

1.38S.000 

2.647,187 

900.000 

11 


Latest. 


Date. 


Amt. 


Oct. 

July 

.Sept. 

Nov. 

lO.IJOO  Nov. 

2.99.'S.125  Jan. 

1,573,74s  Jan. 

591,550!  Oct. 

425,000  Oct. 

rl7.S70.8SO  ()ct. 

9,896,781  J)ee. 

1.008.033|jan. 

1,980.000  Jan. 

23,5.50,942;  Dec. 

7,305,000  Jan. 


911,400 

330,000 

1,012,500 

84,000 

J/lS.671,fi04 

2,061,122 

2,324,000 

797  ..500 

3.228.759 

4.510.929 

20.382.440 

031.561 

390.000 

451.405 

2.086.500 

711,000 

15,278.000 

8.662,500 

24.264.600 

2.850.000 

12,548,7  19 

42(l,000'julv 

t406.800  Oct. 

10, 181, 759, Ian. 

2, ,508 .000  .Sept 

4, son. 900  Jan 


Dec. 

Aug. 

.\ug. 

July 

Nov. 

June 

July 

Oct 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

.May 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Aug. 

June 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Feb. 

Sept. 

Oct. 


07.122.000 

3,583,000 

390.040 

1.820,030 

6,625,000 

122,741.498 

74.719.539 

16,860.000 

699,810 

631,808 

9,030,000 


)ec. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Oct. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Jan. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 


■10 

S3. 00 

■11 

0,10 

■K 

0.75 

•Ob 

0,75 

■1( 

0.62i 

'11 

1.50 

•11 

1.25 

•0! 

1.50 

•1( 

1,50 

■1( 

1.50 

•1( 

1.50 

■1( 

1.50 

■Oi 

2.00 

•11 

1,25 

■11 

1,50 

■06 

1.00 

■05 

5.00 

■ic 

2  50 

•08 

0.18 

■ic 

1.00 

■oa 

2  50 

■08 

3  50 

■08 

1 .  50 

■10 

1.75 

'1(1 

0,75 

•1(1 

1.75 

•06 

1.75 

•08 

0  40 

•OS 

1,50 

■05 

1  00 

■08 

0  06 

•10 

3  00 

■08 

3  50 

•09 

0  75 

'OS 

1,25 

'10 

1   25 

'10 

3  00 

■08 

3  00 

■11 

1.75 

'10 

1.25 

■11 

1.75 

'10 

10   00 

'07 

1  00 

'07 

2.00 

■10 

1   50 

'10 

5,00 

'10 

1,25 

'10 

1.7S 

'11 

2.00 

'10 

1.25 

■10 

0.50 

'10 

2.50 

♦Since  1894.  tSince  1907.  JSInce  1890.     iStock  div.  36,130,000  Mar  '09 
yStock  div.  82,866,950  Jan.  '10.     zStocU  div.  10  per  cent.  Mar.  '10.     ' 


Canada,  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America 


Name  of  Company 

AND    SlTUATlO.N. 


.Amistad  y  Conc'rdia 

Amparo,  g.s 

Batopilas 

British  Columbia, 0. 

Budalo,  s 

Butters'  Salvador,  g 
Cobalt  Central,  s. . . 

Coniagas 

Consolidated  11.  &  S, 
("row's  Nest  Pass. .  . 
Crown  Reserve,  s. . . 

Dolores,  g.  s 

Dominion  Coal,  com. 
Dominion  Coal,  pf. . 
Dos  Kstrellas,  g.s. .. 

ICl  Oro,  g.s 

Esperanza,  s.g 

Granby  Con 

Greene  Con.  Copper. 

Guanajuato 

Guanajuato  D.,pf.s. 
Hedley  Gold,  g.  .  .  . 
Hinds  Con. ,g.s.c.l.. . 

Kerr  Lake,  s 

La  Ro.se  Con.,  s. . . 

1/6  Koi,  Ltd.,  e 

Le  Roi  No.  2.  g  .  .  . 
Luck,vTiger-Com.,g 
.McKinley-Darragh  ,s 
Mex.  Con.  M.AS.  Co. 
Mex.lIill.ATrans.pf. 
Mines  Co.  of  Am 
N.  Y.  &  Hond.  Ros. 

Nipissing.  s 

N.S.  St.&Coal.com 
N.S.St.  &  Coal.pf. 

Pe/loles.  s.l.B 

Peregrina  M .  A  II .  .pf . 

Pinguico.  pf.  s 

Reco.  g.s, I 

Right  of  Way  Mines} 

Rio  Plata 

Securit ies  Corp.,  pf. . 
.Silver  Queen,  s. .  .  . 
Temiskaming.  s  ... 
Tem.  &  Hud.  Hay,  s. 
Tcziullan  Copper..  . 

Tilt  Cove,  c 

Trethewe.v,  s 

T.vee.  c  .  ." 


Mex  .  . 
.Mex  .  . 
Mex.  . 
B.  C. 
Ont... 
Salv .  . 
Ont... 
Ont... 
B.C.. 
B.  C. 
Ont... 
Mex .  . 
N.  S.. 
N.S.. 
.Mex  .  . 
.Mex  .  . 
Mex  .  . 
B.  C. 
.Mex  .  . 
.Mex. . 
Mex .  . 
B.C.  . 
Mex .  . 
Ont... 
Ont. . . 
U.  C. 

B.  C. 
Mex  . 
Ont.. . 
Mex .  . 
Mex .  . 
Mex .  . 

C.  A.  . 
Ont... 
N.  S.. 
N.S.. 
Mex .  . 
Mex .  . 
Mex .  . 
B.  C. 
Ont... 
Mex .  . 
Mex . . 
Ont... , 

Ont 

Ont 

Mex .  .  . 
N.  F.  .. 

Ont 

B.  C    .  . 


Issued. 


9.600 

2,000,000 

446,486 

591,709 

1,000.000 

150.000 

5.000,000 

800,000 

55,552 

160,000 

1,750,000 

400,000 

150,000 

50,000 

300,000 

1,147,500 

455,000 

135,000 

864,000 

640,000 

10,000 

120,000 

5,000,000 

600,000 

1,498,407 

200,000 

120,000 

715.000 

2,247.692 

240,000 

10,.5(l<l 

2,000.(111(1 

150,000 

1,200,000 

60.000 

10,300 

80,000 

10,000 

20,000 

985,000 

1,685. .500 

373.43 

2,000 

1 ,500,000 

2,500,000 

7.761 

10,000 

44.500 

1 .000.000 

1, SO.  01 10 


Par 

Val 


50 

1 

20 

5 

1 

4.85 

1 

5 

100 

25 

1 

5 

100 

100 

0.50 

4,85 

4.8.5 

100 

10 

5 

100 

10 

1 

5 

5 

25 

25 

10 


Dividends. 


10 

10(1 

1 
10 

5 
100 
100 
2! 
100 
100 

1 
.00 
,00 
100 

1 
1 
1 

100 

9,72 

1 

5 


Total  to 
Date. 

»417,070  Apr. 

440,884  ■■ 

t55,870 

238,683 

977,000 
2,764,500 

188.460  Aug. 
1,400,000;  Nov. 

781,885lNov. 
2,058,648  Aug. 
2,3S6,000lOct. 
1,044. 866' Aug. 
4,500,000  Jan. 
4,040,000lAug. 
5,430.000'jan. 
7,026.286  June 
10,691. 232'Jan. 
3,913.630iDec. 
6,194,400|Mar. 
74,2,50IOct. 

244, 356  [July 

204,000  Dec. 

100,000  Feb. 
2,730,000  Dec. 
1,977,721  Jan. 

425,000  Dec. 
l,004,400|Mar. 

874,250;Nov. 
l,146.322ljan. 

660.000  Mar. 
65,858  July 
3.S45.000'Aug. 
2.9.85.0001  Dec. 
5.490.000  Jan. 
1.140.279  Jan. 

721.000  Oct. 
4.741,687  Sepl. 

32S,6,56!Sept. 

420.000  Apr. 

332. 482:  Mar. 

134,840!Oct. 

140.037  Oct. 
42.699  July 

315,000  Dec. 

600,000[Jan. 

1,311,609  Aug 

Dec 

318,620 

661,998 


Latest. 


Date. 


Dec. 
Jan. 


284.310  Aug 


'09 

'10 

•07 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'11 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'11 

'10 

•07 

'06 

'10 

■10 

'08 

'10 

'11 

'06 

'10 

'10 

'11 

•08 

'08 

'10 

■10 

'1 

'10 

'09 

'10 

'10 

'10 

'06 

'10 

'10 

•08 

•08 

'11 

'10 

'081 

'09 1 

'11 

■07l 


.^mt. 
$1  36 
O.03 
0,12J 
0.40 
0 .  05 
0,17iS 
0,01 
0.15 


0.22i 

1    ()0 

3 .  50 

0..5H 

0.36 

0.36 

1.00 

0.40 

0.07 

3,00 

0,30 

0.02 

0.50 

0.  10 

0.48 

0.48 

0 .  05 

0.15 

0.25 

3.00 

0.03 

0.30 

0.37i 

1  ,00 

2,00 

5,00 

3 ,  50 

3.00 

0  02 

0.02 

0.  10 

3.50 

0.03 

0.03 

3,00 

1.20 

0,24 

0.10 

0  63 


tSince     Reorganization.      J  Previous     to     Jan., 


1910     $324,644. 


38 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  17,  1910. 


fdi  INDUSTRIALS 


^ 
jt^ 


Mogollim  Gold  ana  Copper  roinpan.v.  at 
Cooney,  N.  M.,  has  placed  an  order  with 
Tate,  Jones  &  Co.,  Inc.,  fqr  oil-burning  equip- 
ment to  l)e  applied  to  its  boilers.  This  plant 
is   1)0    miles   from   a    railroad. 

The  Metals  Buying  and  Uefining  Company 
has  opened  offices  at  210  San  Francisco 
street.  El  I'aso,  Texas,  L.  C.  Barlow,  man- 
ager. Its  special  field  will  be  the  buying  and 
refining  of  second-hand  or  foul  <iuicksilver, 
amalgamating  plates,  battery  chips,  burned 
retorts,  etc.,  and  the  purchase  of  platinum, 
gold  and  silver  scraps,  placer  gold,  speci- 
mens,  etc. 

Owing  to  greatly  increased  business  the 
H.  W.  .lohns-Manville  Company  ■  announces 
the  removal  of  its  offices  now  located  at  85 
Shelden  street.  Houghton,  Mich.,  to  more 
commodious  and  convenient  quarters  at  96 
fehelden  street,  where  it  will  be  better  pre- 
pared to  serve  its  patrons.  As  in  the  past. 
S.  T.  Harris,  who  lias  been  associated  with 
the  company  for  a  number  of  years,  will  be 
in   charge   of   the   offices   at    the   new    address. 

The  Asher  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  of 
Dorothy,  Ky.,  has  just  placed  an  order  for 
miscellaneous  electrical  apparatus  with  the 
Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing 
Company,  Pittsburg,  I'enn.  Among  other 
items  the  order  includes  six  lS.">-kva.  O.I.S.C. 
transformers,  a  20U-kw.  synchronous  motor- 
generator  set,  two  3ll-h.p.  and  two  40-b.p. 
CCl.  induction  motors,  one  L'-panel  and  one 
3-pancI  switchboard,  and  protective  apparatus. 

The  l.athbury-H'Olier  Company,  engineers, 
announce  a  merger  of  the  intci-ests  of  B.  B. 
I.atbbury.  consulting  engineer,  formerly  pres- 
ident of  Lathbury  &  Spackman.  Inc.,  and  of 
the  D'Olier  Engineering  Company.  The  com- 
pany, with  enlarged  scope  and  facilities,  will 
continue  the  general  and  .special  engineering, 
manufacturing  and  contracting  business,  here- 
tofore carried  on  by  the  respective  interests. 
The  new  company  has  established  offices  in 
I'hiladelphia,    I'enn. 

There  are  doul)tless  many  readers  of  this 
paper  who  are  users  of  ready  rooting,  who  are 
not  familiar  with  Amatite.  This  is  a  new 
type  of  roofing  which  came  ui)on  the  market 
a  few  years  a.go  and  has  found  wide  favor 
on  account  of  its  mineral  surface  which  needs 
no  painting.  "This  mineral  surface  is  em- 
bedded in  pitch,  which  grips  the  stone  tirmly 
aud  makes  a  kind  of  pitch-concrete  surface. 
This  surface  is  abundantly  able  to  withstand 
all  sorts  of  weather  year  after  year  without 
any  painting.  It  is  manufactured  by  the 
Barrett  Manufacturing  Company.  New  York, 
with  branches  in  all  principal  cities. 

The  Mill  and  Smelter  Engineering  Com- 
pany, of  New  York  City,  has  closed  a  con- 
tract with  the  Nevada  Wonder  Mining  Com- 
Iiany  for  furnishing  the  machinery  and  erect- 
ing same  complete  for  its  compressor  equip- 
ment, hoisting  plant,  ore  storage  and  surface 
tramway  to  its  new  mill  now  under  construc- 
tion, at  Wonder.  Nev.  Both  the  compressor 
and  hoist  will  be  electrically  opirated  and 
the  bin  gates  worked  by  compressed  air. 
The  hoistlns  eq\ilpnu'ni  at  Ihe  sliafi  Includes 
an  Improved  counterbalance  system  for  the 
cage,  which  was  rendered  advisable  since 
hoisting  will  inilially  be  done  through  a 
single-comparlmeni    shaft. 

The  Stephens-,\damson  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, of  Aurora,  III.,  has  Jnsl  completed  n 
new  steel  fabricating  shop.  Kor  Ihe  manu- 
facture of  conveying  and  screening  machin- 
ery this  shop  Is  one  of  Ihe  largest  and  most 
finely  equipped  In  Ihe  country  The  building 
Is  of  steel  const ru<'l ion  designed  by  Ihe  .1.  C. 
Buckbee  Company,  of  Chicago.  The  arrange- 
ment of  nuiehinery  provides  for  Ihe  most 
ecnnomlcal  iirocednre  of  the  work  through 
the  shoii  and   no  expense  has  been   spared    lo 


enable  a  hig'.i-grade  product  to  be  turned  out 
in  the  least  time  and  in  the  most  efficient 
manner.  This  comjjanj'  has  also  increased 
the  size  of  its  offices  and  power  plant.  These 
additions  have  been  greatly  needed  to  take 
care   of   a    iai-gely    increasing   business. 

A.  Leschen  &  Sons  Company,  St.  Loviis,  Mo., 
lias  issued  a  copyrighted  pamphlet  to  pro- 
vide, so  far  as  practicable,  a  means  by  which 
a  quick  selection  of  quality  and  construction 
of  wire  rope  for  service  other  than  the  ex- 
traordinary may  be  made  without  consulting 
the  manufacturers.  It  may  be  stated,  how- 
ever, that  the  sub,ieet  is  so  involved  and  in- 
vested with  ramifications,  that  a  brief  and 
general  statement  is  necessarily  incomplete. 
If  any  rope  service  is  unusual  and  presenting 
difficulties  that  tend  to  prevent  a  positive 
choice,  then  the  essential  details  of  the  work 
should  be  submitted  to  the  manufacturers  for 
advice.  The  company  will  no  doubt  be  will- 
ing to  send  a  copy  of  this  booklet  for  the 
asking. 

Thomas  Carlin's  Sons  Company,  Pittsburg, 
Penn.,  has  just  brought  out  a  new  42-inch 
grinding  pan  suitable  for  grinding  and  mix- 
ing material  for  laboratories,  chemical  works, 
etc.  This  machine  is  self-contained  and  is 
substantially  built :  tiie  pan  frame,  gears,  etc., 
are  of  iron  ;  the  roll  tires  and  bottom  plates 
are  of  white  iron  and  made  very  hard  to  re- 
sist wear,  these  are  easily  renewed  :  the  ver- 
tical shaft  is  of  cast  steel  and  runs  on  bronze 
and  steel  toe  plates :  the  main  bearings  have 
oil  boxes  cast  in :  the  rollers  are  lubricated 
Iiy  oil  recesses  cast  in  the  center,  oil  being 
introduced  by  pipes  connecting  to  the  out- 
side. This  pan  is  unusually  well  built,  much 
more  care  being  taken  in  the  design  and 
construction  than  is  usual  in  one  so  small. 

The  ^^'estern  Electric  Company  has  just 
issued  its  bulletin  No.  5300.  describing  Haw- 
thorn direct-  and  alternating-current  inclosed 
arc  lamps.  The  bulletin  contains  20  pages 
and  is  well  illustrated  with  many  plioto- 
graplis.  diagraius  and  tables.  Separate  pages 
are  devoted  to  direct-current  multiple  inclosed 
arc  lamps,  including  the  marine  type,  for 
100-  to  125-voIt  circuits;  direct-current  mul- 
tiple inclosed  arc  lamps,  including  the  mill 
type,  for  200-  to  250-volt  circuits ;  power 
circuit  lamps,  direct-current  inclosed  arc 
lamps  for  power  circuits,  alternatin.g-current 
multiple  inclosed  arc  lamps  for  cii-cuits  of 
100  to  125  volts,  200  to  250  and  400  to  4G0  : 
direct-current  series  inclosed  arc  lamps  for 
(i.O  ampere  circuits,  alternating-current  series 
inclosed  arc  lamps  for  6.6  and  7.5  ampere 
circuits.  Solaris  arc  lamps,  both  alternating 
and   direct   current,   and   arc-lamp   accessories. 

The  makers  of  Congo  roofing  have  discov- 
ered an  ingenious  way  of  removing  the  risk 
and  guess  work  from  the  roofing  proposition. 
They  are  confident  that  Congo  rooting  will 
last  ten  years,  and  tliey  have  undertaken  to 
make  the  purcbaser  equally  confident  by  giv- 
ing liim  a  genuine  surety  bond  witli  every 
roll.  The  liond  is  issued  by  the  National 
Surety  Company,  of  New  Y'ork,  and  is  a  gen- 
uine, legal  document,  enforceable  without  re- 
sort to  law.  If  you  lay  a  Congo  roof  and  it 
does  not  give  you  exactly  the  service  which 
the  makers  promise  it  will  give  you,  you  can 
secure  instant  and  complete  redress.  The 
remarkable  feature  of  this  guarantee  is  that 
it  covers  ten  years,  and  applies  to  both  the 
2-ply  and  the  .'i-ply  roofing.  A  sample  and 
copy  of  booklet  may  be  obtained  free  on  re- 
quest, by  addressing  the  T'nited  Roofing  and 
Munufaetuiing  Company,  Pliiladelplii!i,  Chi- 
cago  and    San   Francisco. 

All  hourly  records  for  concrele  laying  were 
broken  by  the  cableways  used  in  construct- 
ing the  great  locks  on  the  Panama  canal  at 
Oatnn.  Two-niilliou  cu.yd.  of  concrete  are 
to  be  used  In  building  these  locks.  I.idger- 
wood  cableways  are  used  for  placing  th<^  con- 
crete. These  cableways  are  arranged  in  du- 
plex form  on  four  pairs  of  towers.     The  pair 


of  cableways  which  broke  the  record  are 
known  ofiicially  as  "strand  A"  and  "strand 
B"  of  cableway  No.  1.  Strand  A  placed  49 
cu.yd.  in  one  hour,  and  strand  B  placed  50 
cu.yd.  during  the  same  hour.  This  means 
that  the  carriage  on  each  strand  made  2.5 
trips  per  hour.  The  cableways  were  sold 
under  a  guarantee  that  they  would  make  20 
trips  per  hour.  The  cableways  are  ar- 
ranged to  give  higher  carriage  speed  than 
was  ever  attempted  before  for  this  class  of 
work.  This  speed  is  rendered  possible  by 
important  improvements  made  by  Spencer 
Miller  in  anticipation  of  just  such  needs. 
With  these  improvements  it  is  possible  to 
use  carriage  speeds  up  to  2500  ft.  per  min. 
as  against  speeds  of  800  or  900  ft.  per  min.. 
which  were  as  great  as  were  before  prac- 
ticable. The  cableways  each  have  a  span  of 
SOO  ft.  between  towers.  They  are  actuated 
by  electricity  and  the  control  is  as  easy  and 
simple  and  of  the  same  character  as  the  con- 
trol of  an  uptodate  electric  train.  One  op- 
erator controls  tlie  entire  operation  on  each 
strand. 


TRADE  CATALOGS  C? 


Allis-Cbalmers  Company.  Milwaukee,  \A'is. 
Bulletin  No.  4025.  Motor-driven  air  com- 
presors.      Illustrated. 

John  J.  Ridgway,  207  Fulton  street.  New 
Y'ork.  Pamphlet.  How  to  Buy  Conveyer 
Belts.      6x8  Mi    inches. 

Ea,gle  I'^oundry  and  Machine  Company,  Fort 
Scott,  Kan.  Pamphlet.  Ventilation  of  Coal 
Klines.      Illustrated,   8  pages,   6x9   inches. 

Scliutte  &  Koerting  Company,  I'hiladelphia. 
Penn.  Catalog  4,  Section  A.  Koerting  jet 
blowers.      Illustrated,   S  pages,  8x11   inches. 

Dearborn  Drug  and  Chemical  Works.  Chi- 
cago. 111.  Booklet.  The  Treatment  of  Boiler 
Feed  Waters.  Illustrated,  16  pages,  4x8% 
inches. 

The  Mine  and  Smelter  Supply  Company, 
Denver.  Colo.  Bulletin  No.  5.  No.  5  Wilfley 
concentrator.  Illustrated,  20  pages,  7x10 
inches. 

The  Hayward  Company,  50  Church  street, 
New  York.  Catalog  No.  38.  Buckets  and 
digging  machinery.  Illustrated,  78  pages, 
9x12    inches,    paper. 

Eugene    Dietzgen    Company.    214-220    East 
Twenty-third     street.     New     York.       Catalog. 
Surveying     instruments,     drawing     materialaA 
Illustrated,  554  pages.  6x9  inches,  cloth.         * 

Mill  and  Smelter  Engineering  Company, 
114  Liberty  street.  New  York.  Catalog  No. 
10-A.  Van  Saun  automatic  truing  crushing 
rolls.   Illustrated,   18  pages,  6x9  inches,  paper. 

Smooth-On  Manufacturing  Company.  572 
Communipaw  avenue,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Booklet.  Smooth-On  protective  paint  for  iron 
and  steel.      Illustrated,    12   pages,   3x6   inches. 

Schutte  &  Koerting  Company.  Philadelphia, 
Penn.  Catalog  6.  Section  A.  Centrifugal 
spray  nozzles.  Illustrated,  12  pages.  .Sxll 
inches.  Catalog  6,  Section  B.  Spray  Cooling. 
Illustrated,  4  pages,  8x11  inches. 

l.inforth  &  Millmrn.  Hennessy  building. 
Butte.  .Mont.  Catalog.  Models,  steel  and 
wood  mine  headframes.  bridges,  copper  smelt- 
ers, cyanide  plants,  mine  cars,  etc.  Illus- 
trated.   7x9    Inches. 

Stromlierg-Carlson  Telephone  Miinufactur- 
ing  Company.  Rochester.  N.  Y'.  Pamphlet  No. 
32.  No.  94S  flat  type  metal  bell  box  and  No. 
849  portable  desk  telephone.  Illuslraleil. 
Pamphlet  No.  33.  Private  branch  exchange 
switchboard    No.    A-5.'i97.      fllustrated. 

Colorado  Iron  Works  Company.  Denver, 
Colo.  Pamphlet  No,  24.  Akins  Classifier. 
Pamphlet  No.  2(;.  ItolhW.ell  conllnuous  thick- 
ener and  filter.  Pamphlet  No.  27.  .\kins- 
Rothwell    agitating   tank.      Illustrated. 


''^'^'^'v^^''l^^■''''^''''''^'>'J-'iJ^.'>'>'>Y^v^^vw'^'g^a'^^^'i^rI^plM■l^^^'^^ITFi■I^PFIT^T^T^^^ 


AND 

E[D]S 


.Y.Y.Yrv\T.T^y:Y.Y:YiT?\^ 


^ffENGINEERING 
MINING    JOURNAL 

PUBLISHED       T^EEKLY 


By  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  505 
Pearl  Street,  New  York  'V  John  A. 
Hill,  president;  Robert  McKean,  sec- 
retary ■%  London  Office,  6  Bouverie 
Street,  London,  E.  C,  German  Office, 
Unter  den  Linden  71,  Berlin,  Cable: 
Enj?,minjour,  N.  Y.  -V  Subscriptions 
payable  in  advance,  $5.00  a  year  for  52 
numbers,  including  postage  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rii;o,  Hawaii,  or  the  Philippines,  $6.50 


in  Canada  ■%  To  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding postage,  $8.00  or  its  equiva- 
lent. 33  shillings:  33  marks:  or  40 
francs  ■%  Notice  to  discontinue  should 
be  writt.;n  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  -%■  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
<%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


DECEMBER  24,  1910. 


NO.  26 


viJivi  LA-m).\    sT.i  ti:mi:\  t 

hniimi    viMiIi     irr    juinifd     tintl     dn-itlatcd 
:,:',4. r,int'  ro/iicx    nf    Thk     Knoixeehing     and 

MlM.Ni:    .luIUNAI.. 

J  (liir    riifiihitiiii)    f"'    S'mcmbvr,    1010.    was 

30..'>llli  (■«;)/(«. 

Drrcmlni-     :H 11.000 

Itntmlicr    Ul !l.r,illi 

IhiTtiihtr    17 !i,.-|ii(i 

llmnibiT    'H ;i.."i(iii 

yonv  sent  frve  rcf/iihiritt,  no  hat-U   niimhfr-'<. 
I'iUKicK    arc    lire,    net    cirriiliition. 


Contents  tacb 

Editorials  : 

Tlio     .Matter     of     Iti'iiortin^'     On-     Iti- 

servos    VJ'.il 

Silver    Movement    for    Kleven    Months   123.S 

Till-  .\laslta  t'oal   Lauds lli:!s 

By    tlie   Way 1  :;:i:i 

Correspondence    and    DIsonssion  : 

Tile     Closed     Door     I'oliey .  .  .  .  Will 
Mining    in     Coioi-ado     He     Kestimii- 

lated V.  .  .  .('onii)any    Reports 1240 

Questions   and    .\ns\vers 1241 

Details   of    I'raclicai    Mining: 

•lland>  lirill  Sliarpeuing  I)e\'iee 
....  U  n  s  t  Iteiiiover  ....  I.iiihting 
Haulage  Ways  ....  •IMalforni  lor 
Ilepair  Work  ....  Cleaning;  <;rease 
from  Class  and  .Metals.  ... '.Mini' 
Model  for  Inelined  Veins.  ... 'I'lilic 
Mill  I'ower.  .  .  .  Startinir  a  Veniilal 
inu  i-'an  .\n1oinaticaIly  ....  Waiies 
I'aid  on  tile  .Misahi  Itanjje.  .  .  . 
♦KaisiuK  a  Sim  keslai-k ....  •Inno- 
vations at  tile  Simmer  &  .lack 
Mine.  .  .  .  Moior     I)ri\'i-n      IMinip     in 

Deep    Sail    .Mine 1242 

Fast    Iirivlns;    al    tlie    Coldlield    Consedi- 

daled    .Mines Claud,    r.    Itirr   124(; 

Precious  Metal   I'rodnclion  of  tlie  World   1247 

Niajxara    .Alkali    Company 1247 

Tlie  l.e^'al  Slaliis  of  Mines  and  MlniM-als 

in    .New    York 1247 

iti'ducfton    of    Calcium    Siilpii.-ile. 

//.   ().   Ihifiiiini   iiiifl    \y.    Moslinrit'^rh    124s 
Novenilier    Operations    of   Coldlield    Con- 

solldaleil     12411 

•Keport  of  Colorado  Cold   DredglnK  Coin- 

panv     1 240 

Tlie    rotasli    Salts    Question 1240 

A      Rill      Itelalin!.'      to      .Maska      I'lacer 

Claims.  ,  Witshiniitt})}  Ctirrrspontlrnt-r    12.'>ii 

Clancy   I'rocess  of  Ore  'I'reatinent 12.M 

Ueduciu'.;    Mining    Costs    and    Increasing 

Trolits I'hiliii    Ariiull   12."(1 

Exploration    of   oil    Lands 12.'>2 

•Hydronietallurgh-al    operalions    at    Co- 
halt  I'lliii    TtfHsoirsUi   \'1T\'.^ 

Uecent    Iievelojuneiits    at    .larliidge.    Ne- 
vada   Wiiilhnni    W.    rink    12.'>S 

Transvaal   (;<dd    I'rodiiclifn   and    Policies   1 2.'iO 
Itoie   of   Alumiua    in   Cojiper    Ulasf    Kui-- 

nace  Slags L.   Oarrrtt  Sniitli   12t!o 

Broken      Hill      Soutli      Sliver      Mining 

Cniupanv     1201 

•Cas   Cower   In    Illgli    Altlludes 1202 

rig   Iron    I'rodiictlon    for    1O0   Years....    120:! 
•Ilevlsed    Clow    Sli.-ei    of    cinli    Copper 

Mill Chniilr  T.   Itlrc   1204 

Alaska    Coal    Lands 12fi."i 

Some  Knncli   lOxperlments  on  Coal  IHist   120ii 

Colliery    Notes 1:'70 

Personal,    oliiliiary    and    Societies 1271 

Kdltorlal    Correspondence 1272 

Mining    News 1 27.", 

Markets     12S(I 

'nUmirnlfil. 


The  Matter  of   Reporting  Ore 
Reserves 

Our  readers  are  acquainted  with  the 
position  that  we  have  held  for  many 
years,  in  fact,  throughout  our  history  of 
45  years,  with  respect  to  publicity  by 
mining  companies,  including  frequent 
su>.tements  as  to  ore  reserves  and  pros- 
pects. We  have  witnessed  a  remarkable 
enlightenment  in  this  matter,  first  among 
London  mine  managements  and  later 
among  American,  and  nowadays  the  com- 
pany that  does  not  report  monthly  as  to 
its  production  and  annually  as  to  its  ore 
reserves  is  apt  to  be  regarded  somewhat 
askance.  There  is  apt  to  be  a  suspicion 
of  some  sinister  reason  for  secrecy, 
which  suspicion  is  strengthened  by  such 
revelations  as  have  been  made  during 
1910.  Of  course,  we  are  now  referring 
to  the  public  companies,  i.e.,  those  whose 
shares  are  offered  to  the  public  and  arc 
the  subject  of  trade  in  the  open  market. 
Of  course,  there  is  no  reason  why  a  pri- 
vate com.pany  like  Senator  Clark's  United 
Verde  should  take  the  public  into  its  con- 
fidence, nor  it  there  any  demand  that  it 
should.  But  while  it  is  undeniable  that 
public  companies  ought  to  estimate  and 
publish  their  ore  reserves,  that  dictum 
must  be  qualified  by  the  proviso  "if  ti.ey 
can."  There  are  many  thoroughly  honest 
concerns  that  do  not  attempt  to  commun- 
icate such  information  for  the  excellent 
reason  that  they  can  not  do  so  intelli- 
gently, and  might  do  harm  to  their  stock- 
holders if  they  tried  to.  Who,  for  ex- 
ample, could  in  any  way  estimate  the  ore 
reserves  of  Batopilas,  or  do  justice  to 
the   probabilities  of  Butte  or  Nipissing? 

Apropos   of   this   subject   we    received 


recently  a  communication  from  a  dis- 
tinguished engineer  who  is  at  the  head 
of  a  mining  enterprise  of  the  first  order, 
which  is  deserving  of  careful  consider- 
ition.     He  wrote: 

"There  is  one  thing  that  embarrasses 
me  in  reporting  about  our  mines  and  that 
is  the  utter  futility,  in  my  opinion,  of  en- 
deavoring to  measure  the  ore  in  sight  in 
the  exceedingly  irregular  deposits  that 
we  have.  I  do  not  take  a  great  deal  of 
stock  in  drilling  in  a  camp  like  this,  and 
I  can  find  no  inducement  to  extend  de- 
velopment years  in  advance  in  soft 
ground  that  requires  constant  expense 
for  maintenance  of  drifts.  1  find  that  a 
great  deal  of  my  development  work  is 
done  through  sloping.  As  a  consequence, 
on  the  one  hand  I  feel  the  danger  of 
doing  a  mine  absolute  injustice  in  esti- 
mating in  a  cold-blooded  way,  according 
to  the  technical  meaning  of  'ore  in 
sight,"  and  on  the  other  hand  the  danger 
of  wildcatting  in  being  too  liberal  with 
the  use  of  that  technical  term.  While 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  stock- 
holders are  entitled  to  full  information, 
and  while  there  are  cases  where  regular 
orebodies  can  be  measured  with  approx- 
imate accuracy,  there  are  some  deposits 
whereof  an  engineer  would  lay  himself 
open  to  injustice  to  his  stockholders  by 
being  overconservative,  and  to  wild- 
catting if  he  did  not  use  the  strict  inter- 
pretation of  the  words  'ore  in  sight.' 

"The  developments  at  my  mines,  for 
instance,  have  been  remarkably  encour- 
aging during  the  last  year,  yet  the  open- 
ings have  been  in  ore  deposits  irregular, 
both  as  to  shape  and  the  distribution  of 
value;   and  while   I  am  satisfied  that  we 


1238 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,   1910. 


have  opened  up  a  tonnage  vastly  in  ad- 
vance of  our  rate  of  consumption,  I  can 
only  make  a  statement  of  this  kind  as 
an  opinion  and  not  as  a  hard  and  fast 
engineering   fact. 

"I  write  at  this  length  because  I  know- 
that  the  Journal  is  striving  for  the  pub- 
lication of  full  information  regarding  re- 
serves, and  I  thoroughly  sympathize  with 
if  in  that  position.  1  am  simply  calling 
attention  to  the  impracticability  of  it  in 
many  instances.  We  are  all  aware  of  the 
absurdity  of  the  United  States  mining 
law,  yet  the  law  was  an  intelligent  one 
provided  the  premises  on  which  it  was 
laid  out  had  been  correct.  With  the 
knowledge  obtainable  by  Congress  when 
the  law  of  1872  was  passed,  it  was  as- 
sumed that  Nature  had  built  ore  deposits 
in  a  geometrical  shape,  and  had  this 
premise  been  correct  and  had  the  geo- 
metrical figures  occupied  approximately 
a  vertical  position  with  relation  to  their 
length,  the  law  would  have  been  an  ideal 
one.  Unfortunately  the  premises  were 
incorrect.  A  broad  deduction  was  made 
with  an  insufficient  knowledge  of  facts 
and  about  as  bad  a  law  was  enacted  as 
was  possible,  considering  the  develop- 
ments that    followed. 

"Such  peculiar  conditions  as  we  have 
here  exist  in  some  other  camps,  but  not 
in  all  other  camps.  1  wish  to  lay  stress 
on  my  opinion,  that  in  a  camp  like  this 
an  engineer  would  be  doing  an  absolute 
injustice  if  he  made  a  statement  of  re- 
serves based  on  the  technical  meaning  of 
'ore  in  sight,'  whereas  if  he  included 
probabilities  in  the  definition  of  'ore  in 
sight'  he  would  depart  from  the  realms 
of  engineering  into  that  of  promotion.  It 
would  be  well  enough  to  say  that  one 
could  state  the  technical  tonnages  and 
qualify  the  statements  with  a  description 
of  probable  ore,  but  the  minute  we  get 
into  such  a  position  we  are  departing 
from  matters  of  fact  into  matters  of 
opinion,  wherein  personal  equation  en- 
ters heavily,  which  would  be  an  exceed- 
ingly dangerous  precedent  to  establish." 
We  do  not  think  that  aught  but  indorse- 
ment can  be  given  to  the  views  so  lucidly 
expressed  by  our  correspondent,  save 
perhaps  with  respect  to  his  concluding  re- 
marks anent  "probable  ore."  The  question 
of  "ore  in  sight"  has  been  fully  threshed 
out,  and  by  some  persons,  particularly 
by  some  of  our  British  friends,  has  been 
too  severely  construed  in  the  first  em- 
phasis upon  the  importance  of  declaring 


ore  reserves.  We  think  that  the  term 
"ore  in  sight"  should  be  confined  strictly 
to  its  technical  meaning,  and  the  engineer 
should  not  depart  from  it,  but  we  are  not 
disposed  to  agree  that  either  as  an  ex- 
amining or  as  an  operating  engineer  he 
should  refrain  from  expressing  himself 
as  to  "probable"  or  "indicated"  ore.  The 
stockholder  is  as  much  entitled  to  a  con- 
servative opinion  in  that  particular  as  he 
is  to  a  statement  of  the  ore  actually 
blocked  out,  providing  the  data  for  such 
an  opinion  exist.  If  the  data  do  not  exist, 
nothing  is  to  be  said. 

The  stockholders  of  mining  companies 
should,  of  course,  take  the  trouble  to 
learn  something  about  the  mines  in  which 
they  are  interested  and  should  discrimi- 
nate between  those  possessing  ore  de- 
posits capable  of  development  far  ahead 
and  of  measurement;  and  those  that  are 
not  of  this  type.  As  to  managers  the  ques- 
t'on  is  not  one  of  asking  them  to  do  the 
impossible  or  inadvisable,  but  broadly 
speaking  is  simply  a  question  of  being  "on 
the  square,"  which  requires  no  definition. 
Our  correspondent,  in  his  own  excellent, 
official  reports  finds  no  difficulty  in  telling 
his  stockholders  frankly  about  operations 
and  prospects,  even  if  he  cannot  es- 
timate ore  reserves  a  long  way  ahead. 
However,  he  tells  what  he  knows,  which 
is  all  that  anyone  can  expect,  and  is  quite 
a  different  matter  from  the  cases  of  those 
managers  who  do  not  tell  what  they 
know. 


This  year  about  81  per  cent,  of  the  ex- 
ports went  to  London,  while  only  9  per 
cent,  were  sent  to  China  direct  from  San 
Francisco.  The  exports  from  London  to 
the  East  for  11  months  were,  in  values: 


Silver    Movement   for  Eleven 
Months 

The  silver  movement  in  the  United 
States  this  year  has  shown  little  variation 
from  1909  in  values,  though  there  has 
been  some  gain  over  1908.  The  imports 
and  exports  for  11  months  were: 

f.KW.  liKW.  Irtlll. 

Exports H",lll,:»2    $52,2M,:j«    $.11.2911.013 

Imports :I7,K1-I,fi76      11,984,(XI6      41,4711,718 

Net  exports. . .  .  $  9.2'.I0,7I)6    $in,310,3:)8    $  9  «0.1'.)6 
App.  ounces 17,li«7,000      20,II21,0(III       IS.SOO.IMO 

The  report  gives  the  values;  we  have 
added  the  approximate  quantities,  calcu- 
lated on  the  average  price  of  silver  in 
New  York.  The  imports  of  silver  are 
largely  in  the  form  of  base  bullion  which 
comes  to  this  country  to  be  refined  and 
passed  on  elsewhere.  The  proportions 
from  the  principal  contributing  countries 
this  year  were  60  per  cent,  from  Mexico. 
28  per  cent,  from  Canada,  and  9  per 
cent,  from  South  and  Central  America. 


1908. 


1909. 


1911). 

India £8,3r,9.i;40    £5,966600    £i;.6.>'),i;00 

l-'hina 571,400       1,829,300       1,328,500 


Total £8,941,040    £7.784,800    £7,884.100 

App.  ounces 87,944,000     78,834.000     76,840,000 

The  present  has  been  accounted  a 
fairly  prosperous  year  in  India;  yet  the 
sale  of  silver  to  that  country,  while  £600,- 
000  more  in  value  than  in  1909,  was  still 
£1,814,000  less  than  in  1908. 


The  Alaska  Coal  Lands 


The  Congressional  committee  investi- 
gating Mr.  Ballinger  has  made  its  report 
(exonerating  him),  the  matter  of  the 
Alaska  coal  lands  is  again  becoming  a 
subject  of  discussion,  Mr.  Pinchot  is  giv- 
ing signs  of  an  eruption;  and  consequent- 
ly we  may  expect  soon  to  be  regaled  ad 
nauseam  with  further  revelations  of  the 
"Guggenheim"  plot  to  gobble  Alaska,  the 
principles  of  conservation,  the  welfare  of 
posterity,   etc. 

In  reality  the  agent  that  is  conserving 
the  Alaska  coal  is  California  petroleum. 
The  trouble  with  Alaska  is  that  it  has  not 
yet  got  the  railways  that  it  needs.  Until 
it  obtains  them  the  failure  to  develop  its 
coal  mines  is  no  retardation  of  the 
"proper  and  desirable  development  of  the 
Territory."  If  the  coal,  or  some  of  it,  can 
be  bestowed  so  as  to  facilitate  railway 
building  that  would  best  be  done. 

But  when  the  railways  are  built  they 
will  be  used  to  carry  in  California  petrol- 
eum, which  will  conserve  the  coal.  The 
man  who  puts  his  money  into  Alaska 
coal  lands  is  likely  to  find  that  it  will  be 
tied  up  for  a  long  time,  which  means 
that  present  value  of  such  property  is 
low.  The  "billions  of  treasure"  were  in 
the  mind's  eye  of  a  poorly  informed  mag" 
azine  writer  and  in  the  fantastic  imagin- 
ation of  Messrs.  Pinchot  and  Glavis.  We 
have  always  considered  the  Cunningham 
claimants  to  be  rather  unfortunate  per- 
sons. Certainly  they  have  been  ill-treat- 
ed. In  proposing  to  give  them  their 
rights,  Mr.  Ballinger  was  aiming  simply 
to  do  what  was  proper.  As  for  the  "Gug- 
genheims,"  their  heirs  or  assigns,  they 
will  be  lucky  if  they  recoup  the  millions 
nf  real  money  that  they  have  put  inta 
Alaska. 


I 


December  24,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1239 


By  the  Way 


The  building  trade  in  New  York  and 
vicinity  is  reported  to  be  in  a  bad  way, 
with  large  numbers  of  bricklayers  idle 
and  little  prospect  of  an  improvement. 
Consequently,  the  bricklayers'  unions 
have  decided  to  demand  75c.  per  hour 
instead  of  70c.  that  they  are  getting  under 
the  present   agreement. 

"Nothing  lost  here  but  squeals,"  says  the 
pork  packer.  "Are  you  as  economical  in 
conducting  your  business?"  "Just  about," 
answered  the  visitor.  "1  am  a  lumber 
manufacturer;  nothing  wasted  but  the 
bark."  "Mere  child's  play,"  said  a 
Broad  Street  professional.  "I  can  take 
a  mine  with  no  ore  and  produce  gold — 
from  the  suckers." 

Pittsburg  telegraphs,  Dec.  19,  that 
"prices  of  finished  steel  are  again  being 
reported  cut,  but  this  is  believed  to  be 
exaggerated.  When  manufacturers  are 
assured  that  business  will  be  attracted  by 
lower  prices,  concessions  will  be  made." 
The  modern  commercial  psychologist  ap- 
parently wants  the  assuruiice  of  business 
where  his  forerunner  boldly  cut  prices  to 
create  it. 

Before  criticizing  the  few  deficiencies 
"if  our  Daily  Consular  and  Trade  Re- 
jorts,  we  should  consider  that  our  system 
s  the  object  of  envy  to  the  Chemical 
Trade  Journal,  of  London.  "What  is 
vanted  is  a  system  of  daily  consular  re- 
lorts,  such  as  is  issued  at  Washington, giv- 
ng  uptodate  information  concerning  im- 
irovements,  discoveries  and  trading  con- 
litions  all  over  the  world." 

The  New  York  Evening  Sun  remarked 
hat  the  annals  of  pure  philanthropy  have 
ecorded  nothing  more  touching  than  the 
inner  at  Sherry's,  Dec.  12,  where  the 
enevolent  gathered  for  the  purpose  of 
evising  plans  to  make  Christmas  happy 
or  the  copper  industry.  It  is  a  worthy 
bject  that  the  good  people  have  before 
lem  and  they  deserve  to  succeed  in  their 
fForts.  Pleasantest  of  all  it  is  to  note 
lat  the  Philanthropist  Emeritus  (to 
hom  even  the  Laird  of  Skibo  must  give 
lace)  was  an  honored  guest.  The  Era 
f  Good  Feeling  has  begun  and  19  days 
lead  of  the  schedule. 

Some  of  the  species  of  cactus  in  Mex- 
0  contain  a  notable  percentage  of  oxa- 
te  of  lime  This  substance  gathers  in 
le  stocks  in  decay  and  during  certain 
ages  in  the  life  of  the  plant  and  can  be 
ithered  in  small  quantities.  The  Indians 
imetimes  burn  the  cactus  to  secure  the 
■ne  for  use  in  the  domestic  process  of 
eparing  the  corn.  The  lime  is  found  as 
nail  nodules  in  the  ash.  It  has  been 
iggested  that  possibly  the  presence  of 
is  lime  compound  in  the  cactus  ac- 
unts  for  some  of  the  alleged  remedial 
operties  which  cactus  is  reputed  to  have 
id  in  the  primitive  metallurgy  of  the 
exicans. 


Thomas  W.  Lawson,  who  previously 
had  not  been  heard  from  in  a  long  time, 
is  reputed  to  be  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing communication  to  the  press: 
"While  I  have  nothing  to  say  against, 
and  every  reason  to  be  pleased  at,  the 
coming  big  story  detailing  the  heading  of 
the  Completed  Coppers — half  sister  to 
Steel — by  Perkins,  I  strenuously  abject 
to  the  present  intention  of  the  publicity 
agent  of  starting  off  the  revelation  with 
the  announcement  that  I  am  responsible 
for  its  premature  publication.  It  should 
be  known  by  this  time  that  I  never  leak 
until  leaking  time  comes.  P.  S. — I  rush 
this  preliminary  denial  through  fear  that 
the  story  may  come  tomorrow."  Tut, 
tut!  Mr.  Lawson. 

An  interesting  side  light  on  India's  con- 
sumption of  silver  is  afforded  by  the  re- 
port that  her  secreted  wealth  is  now  ven- 
turing into  the  open.  A  short  time  ago 
a  financial  adviser  in  northern  India  made 
the  suggestion  that  all  the  existing  rail- 
way lines  be  converted  into  companies 
for  the  purpose  of  "unearthing  India's 
hoarded  millions,"  the  reason  for  the  un- 
willingness of  the  natives  to  invest  their 
money  being,  in  his  opinion,  their  lack  of 
a  ready  means  of  selling  out  in  time  of 
need.  But  it  is  the  Cooperative  Credit 
Societies  that  have  enticed  the  savings 
from  the  hiding  places.  The  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  Punjab,  in  his  review  of 
the  working  of  these  societies  in  his  prov- 
ince during  the  last  year,  states  that  bags 
of  rupees  crusted  with  mold  have  been 
deposited  in  the  banks  established  in  con- 
nection with  these  societies. 

The  consumption  of  silver  in  the  photo- 
graphic industry  is  probably  seldom 
thought  of  by  the  average  mining  man, 
but  it  is  likely  that  at  least  4,000,000  oz. 
are  annually  consumed  in  this  industry. 
A  letter  from  George  Eastman,  of  the 
Eastman  Kodak  Company,  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  says:  "Replying  to  your  letter 
we  beg  to  say  that  we  are  now  using 
about  125,000  oz.  of  silver  bullion  per 
month.  We  have  no  accurate  means  of 
estimating  the  total  amount  of  silver  used 
in  our  industry  in  the  country,  or  in  the 
world,  but  should  imagine  that  altogether 
it  would  aggregate  several  times  this 
amount."  It  should  be  remembered  that 
the  silver  consumption  of  this  industry  is 
not  like  that  of  the  Government  for  coin- 
age purposes,  but  represents  actual  con- 
sumption from  which  there  will  be  no 
ultimate  recovery  of  silver,  at  least  not 
ill  our  generation. 

Those  who  wonder  whence  comes  the 
supply  of  shareholders  for  the  innumer- 
able enterprises  launched  in  the  East 
upon  a  foundation  of  loosely  woven  facts, 
should  recall  that  all  phenomena  seem 
most  wonderful  to  those  who  have  the 
least  knowledge  of  the  subject.  Per- 
sons who  know  nothing  about  mining 
will  buy  stock  in  a  company  which 
claims  to   have   a  mountain   of  ore   rich 


enough  to  pack  across  the  desert  on  burro 
back,  and  the  more  thousands  of  dol- 
lars per  ton  that  the  ore  is  reported  to 
run,  the  more  pleased  they  are.  Some  of 
these  investors,  however,  are  good  losers 
as  witness  the  following  quip  from  Puck: 
"How  about  that  gold  mine  you  bought 
stock  in  last  year?"  "Why  we  have 
called  it  the  Bulldog.  It  is  the  bravest 
little  mine  you  ever  heard  of." 
"Bravest?"  "Sure.  There  isn't  a  yel- 
low streak  anywhere  in  it." 

To  get  off  a  "sucker  list,"  Collier's 
Weekly  gives  the  following  recipe:  If  you 
are  unfortunate  enough  to  have  your  name 
entered  upon  the  list  of  possible  pur- 
chasers of  mining  or  oil  stocks,  fly-by- 
night  railroad  and  industrial  enterprises 
promoted  by  such  busy  experts  as  the 
postoffice  authorities  have  lately  been  ar- 
resting, you  are  in  for  a  vast  and  con- 
stantly flowing  stream  of  literature.  For 
"sucker  lists."  as  the  promoters  call  the 
roster  of  victims,  actual  and  prospective, 
are  traded  and  passed  on  from  one  flim- 
flam artist  to  another.  Here  is  the  way  to 
stop  the  annoyance:  Meet  the  letter  car- 
rier, or  go  personally  to  the  postmaster, 
and  refuse  formally  to  receive  mail  from 
the  promoter.  The  carrier  or  postmaster 
will  then  report  to  Washington  that  the 
addressee  refuses  mail.  In  turn,  Wash- 
ington notifies  the  promoter  not  to  send 
any  more  mail  to  the  address.  This  is  an 
effective  way  to  protect  yourself  from 
the  numerous  gold-brick  financiers 
against  whom  the  postoffice  authorities 
have  not  as  yet  secured  evidence  enough 
'o  justify  arrest  and  prosecution  for  the 
fraudulent  use  of  the  mails. 

Mining  engineers  are  continually  aston- 
ished in  finding  so  many  capable  business 
men  engaged  in  mining  enterprises  of  a 
character — to  put  il  kindly — at  least  high- 
ly speculative;  enterprises  in  which  a 
mining  engineer  would  invest  only 
surplus  funds  such  as  he  might  con- 
sider he  could  use  in  a  wide-open 
gamble.  The  business  man,  however, 
has  the  impression  that  he  has  made  a 
mining  investment  offering  large  profits 
and  not  what  should  be  called  a  specula- 
tion, or  gamble.  We  have  even  known 
where  they  have  made  a  cursory  investi- 
gation of  the  cost  of  mining  by  a  few 
evenings  of  reading,  and  then  have  predi- 
cated operating  costs  at  some  remote  prop- 
erty upon  the  cost  of  mining  and  milling 
at  the  Homestake.  (Ever  read  a  gold- 
mining  prospectus  in  which  the  operating 
costs  were  not  based  on  those  of  the 
Homestake — or  lower?)  "A  little  learn- 
ing is  a  dangerous  thing"  in  mining  as 
well  as  in  other  professions.  The  tyro 
who  is  about  to  make  mining  investments 
will  do  well  to  ponder  over  the  advice 
given  by  Dr.  Marcus  Herz,  of  Berlin.  He 
is  credited  with  saying  to  a  patient  who 
read  medical  books  diligently  in  order  to 
prescribe  for  himself:  "Be  careful,  my 
friend.  Some  fine  day  you'll  die  of  a 
misprint." 


I 


1240 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


-11TL:^I.TH-  .lil-l         TITT 


CORRESPONDENCE  and  DISCUSSION 


y^  j^      Vie-ws,       S  ug'g'e  s  t  i  o  n  s         -^        -^ 

_x       an  d      Experiences      of     Readers      ^ 


The  Closed  Door  Policy 


The  most  natural  and  interesting  way 
for  the  engineer,  who  is  held  over  a  day 
or  so  in  a  mining  camp,  to  put  in  his 
spare  time  is  in  visiting  the  operating 
properties.  All  of  us,  I  believe,  realize 
the  great  advantage  to  be  gained  from  a 
free  e.xchange  of  ideas  with  other  men  in 
the  profession.  And  by  observation  of 
the  way  another  carries  out  his  ideas 
we  can  quickly  judge  of  their  value  to 
us.  Furthermore,  if  I  have  to  examine 
a  property  in  a  district  that  is  new  to 
me,  I  always  like  to  visit  the  nearby 
mines  and  learn  what  I  can  from  their 
experience.  This  is  important  in  any  ex- 
amination. 

Realizing  the  benefit  I  derive  from  see- 
ing the  work  of  others  I  have  always 
been  willing  to  do  all  in  my  power  to 
afford  similar  facilities  to  others.  Yet, 
how  often  is  it  the  case  that,  when  ask- 
ing permission  to  go  through  a  mine,  a 
curt,  "'it  is  against  the  policy  of  this 
company  to  allow  anyone  underground" 
is  the  reply.  I  have  always  contended 
that  by  a  policy  of  frankness  and  open- 
ness as  to  its  operations  a  company 
justly  gains  the  confidence  of  the  public. 
(I,  of  course,  realize  that  it  is  necessary 
to  guard  closely  certain  metallurgical 
processes.)  To  support  this  statement  I 
can  only  ask  you  who  have  been  lucky 
enough  to  experience  the  courteous  treat- 
ment and  assistance  afforded  those  who 
desire  to  inspect  the  underground  opera- 
tions at  the  Goldfield  Consolidated, 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan.  North  Star,  or 
Homestake,  to  contrast  he  feeling  of 
confidence  you  have  in  tr.^ie  companies 
with  the  way  you  regard  certain  of  the 
Bingham  Canon,  Michigan,  or  Shasta 
County  copper  companies  which  hold  to 
the  "closed-door"  policy.  Are  you  not 
rather  inclined  to  believe  all  the  tales 
you  hear  of  uneconomic  methods  and  dis- 
regard for  the  safety  of  employees  at 
the  mines  that  deny  you  admission?  I 
am. 

In  the  majority  of  cases  whert  I  have 
been  refused  admission  to  a  mine  it  has 
been  on  account  of  a  ruling  of  the  com- 
pany which  took  the  matter  of  decision 
out  of  the  superintendent's  hands.  I 
wonder  how  many  directors  realize  the 
position  in  which  they  place  their  super- 
intendent by  taking  this  matter  of  who 
shall  be  admitted  in  the  mine  out  of  his 
hands.  The  directors  expect  their  man- 
ager or  superintendent  to  keep  posted 
on  modern  mining  methods,  etc.,  and  to 
do  so   he   probably  visits   the   operations 


of  other  nearby  camps  whenever  the  op- 
portunity presents.  Yet,  when  the  men 
who  have  extended  the  entree  to  their 
properties  to  him  return  the  visit,  he  is 
forced  to  admit  that  his  company  does 
not  allow  anyone  underground.  This 
comes  pretty  close  to  admitting  that  the 
directors  of  the  company  do  not  credit 
him  with  having  sufficient  discretion  to 
look  after  the  company's  interest  in  this 
matter.  Rather  than  be  so  humiliated 
many  times  I  believe  that  most  of  us 
would  lose  all  interest  in  other  opera- 
tions than  our  own.  And  this  does  not 
mean  increased  efficiency  but  getting  into 
a  rut,  working  out  the  problems  that 
have  already  been  solved  elsewhere — in 
the   end,  a  loss  to  the  company. 

There  is  also,  I  admit,  the  type  of 
superintendent  who  desires  an  absolute 
company  ruling  in  this  matter  so  as  to 
take  the  responsibility  from  his  shoulders. 
I  need  not  discuss  this  phase  of  the 
subject  for,  from  what  I  know  of  this 
type  of  man,  I  feel  sure  that  his  mine  will 
have  little  to  teach,  at  least  in  the  line 
of  mining  methods. 

To  me  the  "closed-door"  policy  and 
ambiguous  yearly  reports  indicate  the 
same  condition — something  to  hide — and, 
although  this  may  not  always  be  true, 
I,  for  one,  am  certainly  inclined  to  base 
my  judgm.ent  of  a  company  upon  its 
policy   in   these   matters. 

J.  K.  Hudson. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Dec.  10,  1910. 


Will  Mining  in  Colorado  Be 
Restimulated? 


In  an  editorial  that  appeared  under 
the  above  head  in  the  Journal  of  Nov. 
26,  1910.  it  was  stated  that:  "Any  mine 
than  cannot  be  worked  profitably  under 
present  market  conditions  is  not  worth 
considering.  Nor  is  there  much  to 

be  hoped  from  a  further  reduction  in 
smelting  and  railway  rates."  No  mention 
is  made  of  important  changes  that  are 
making  possible  the  profitable  operation, 
of  mines  that  cannot  be  worked  profitably 
under  existing  conditions.  One"  of  these 
changes  is  described  in  detail  in  a  recent 
address'  by  Philip  Argall.  Mr.  Argall 
notes  a  reduction  in  the  cost  of  treatment 
from  SK'i  a  ton  in  1894  to  SI. 50  per  ton  in 
1910,  and  he  predicts  a  further  reduction 
to  SI. 25  and  SI  per  ton.  What  has  been 
accomplished  at  Cripple  Creek  has  been 
possible    because    some    of    the    Cripple 


Creek  companies  have  had  the  capital 
and  the  material  necessary  for  milling  on 
■a  large  scale.  Mr.  Argall  points  out  the 
same  thing  can  be  done,  through  consol- 
idation or  cooperation,  by  the  smaller 
companies.  With  consolidation  of  owner- 
ship and  cooperation  in  the  construc- 
tion of  milling  plants,  there  is  possible  a 
large  increase  in  the  field  of  profitable 
operation  at  Cripple  Creek,  and  a  still  j 
larger  increase  in  other  mining  districts 
of  Colorado. 

Other  changes  are  all  the  time  add- 
ing to  the  number  of  mines  that  can  be 
worked  at  a  profit.  Among  them  are  con- 
nections with  the  Newhouse  tunnel  in 
Gilpin  county,  the  extension  of  the  dis- 
tributing lines  of  the  power  companies  in 
Boulder  and  other  counties,  the  construc- 
tion of  a  tramway  to  the  Montezuma  and 
-Argentine  districts  in  Summit  county. 
.Much  has  been  done,  and  much  remains 
to  he  done,  in  milling  complex  sulphide 
ores,  notably  those  carrying  zinc.  The 
same  istrueoftungstenand  vanadium  ores. 
Even  in  smelting,  the  possibilities  of  local 
plants  producing  a  low-grade  matte  have 
not  been  exhausted.  Aima  has  a  new 
smeltery,  the  Golden  plant  is  in  success- 
ful operation,  and  Red  Mountain  will 
have  one  completed  next  year. 

Although,  as  the  Journal  says,  not 
much  is  to  be  hoped  in  the  further  re-  i 
duction  of  railway  and  smelting  rates,  f 
other  changes  here  noted  are  constantly 
making  orebodies  valuable  that  hitherto  , 
have  not  been  attractive  for  profitable  fl 
mining. 

Carl  H.  Paddock, 

Alining  Representative  of  the  Colorado 
State  Board  of  Immigration. 

Denver,  Colo.,  Dec.  5,  1910. 


'"Defi-oislim:    Mlninj;    Costs 
I'r'olits."   imblislind  on  pa^io    "; 

cif    llic    .lolKNAI.. 


.ind    huM'casIn;.' 
:■'..  (if  tills  Issue 


Company  Reports 

After  reading  with  great  interest  a 
large  number  of  company  reports  pub- 
lished in  the  Journal,  I  am  impressed 
v.'ith  the  unsatisfactory  nature  of  tJie 
most  of  them.  I  fail  to  understand  how 
stockholders  are  satisfied  with  abstruse 
statements  which  really  give  no  definite 
information  as  to  actual  financial  status. 
A  simple  statement  of  the  profit  and  loss  | 
realized  from  the  year's  operations  would  \ 
be  much  more  valuable  to  the  investor 
than  unintelligible  financial  statements,  or 
even  descriptions  of  geologic  fonnations. 
high  extractions,  etc.  The  extraction  of 
net  profit  is  the  interesting  fact  to  the 
stockholder. 

J.    T 

New  York.  Dec.   18,   1910. 


December  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1241 


?   QUESTIONS-^ANSWERS 


Heating  Zinc-ore  Bins 
We  have  fitted  our  zinc-ore  bins  with 
live-steam  coils  in  which  the  pressure 
ranges  from  20  to  100  lb.  Is  the  sul- 
phur in  the  ore  likely  to  take  fire  from  the 
heat  of  these  pipes?  F.  M.  C. 

If  the  steam  is  not  superheated,  even  at 
100  lb.  per  sq.in.,  it  will  not  set  fire  to 
pure  zinc  blende,  as  it  requires  about 
550  deg.  C.  to  start  the  combustion  of 
the  blende,  while  steam  at  100  lb.  gage 
pressure  has  a  temperature  of  170  deg.  C. 
If  there  is  pyrite  associated  with  the 
blende,  the  kindling  temperature  will  be 
lowered,  but  you  probably  need  have  no 
fear  with  any  commercial  zinc  ores. 


Iron  and  Steel  Directory 
Have  you  the  latest  edition  of  Swank's 
"Directory  of  Iron  and  Steel  Works  in  the 
United  States"  and  does  it  give  the  of- 
ficers and  directors  of  the  different 
companies? 

C.  S. 
"The  Director>'  of  the  Iron  and  Steel 
Works  of  the  United  States  is  published 
by  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  Associa- 
tion, 261  South  Fourth  street,  Philadel- 
phia. It  gives  full  details  concerning 
officers,  directorates,  capitalization,  equip- 
ment and  production  of  all  the  iron  and 
steel  companies  of  the  United  States, 
along  with  much  general  statistical  in- 
formation. 


Antimony  Ore 

We  wish  that  you  would  inform  us 
where  we  can  find  a  purchaser  for  a 
quantity  of  antimony  ore.  We  notice 
that  it  is  quoted  each  week  in  the  Jour- 
nal, but  have  not  been  able  to  find  any 
customers    for   it. 

E.   W.   S. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  you  can  find  a 
ptircliascr  for  it  in  this  country,  as  there 
is  no  antimony  ore  smelted  in  the  United 
States.  If  you  will  communicate  with 
the  firm  of  Edw.  Hill's  Sons  &  Co..  71 
Pine  street.  New  York,  you  can  secure 
information  as  to  whether  it  is  possible 
to  secure  a  market  abroad  for  it.  The 
price  quoted  in  the  Journal  is  for  metal- 
lic antimony,  and  includes  an  import  duty 
of  1.5c.  per  lb.  and  the  ocean  freight. 


Recovery  of  Cadmium 
What  is  the  method  generally  adopted 
for  the  extraction  of  cadmium? 

A.  E. 
The  usual  process  for  the  production 
of  cadmium  depends  on  the  differences 
between  the  reduction  and  the  distillation 
temperatures  of  zinc  and  cadmium,  the 
latter  being  found  as  a  minute  impuritv 
in  zinc  ores.  At  the  temperature  at 
which  zinc  begins  to  reduce,  cadmium  is 


reduced  rapidly,  while  the  boiling  point 
of  the  former  is  above,  and  of  the  latter 
below  the  reduction  temperature.  Con- 
sequently, the  first  distillate  in  the  con- 
densers and  the  powder  or  metal  in  the 
prolongs  show  a  high  concentration  of 
cadmium,  and  the  pure  cadmium  is  ob- 
tained by  repeated  redistillation  of  these 
portions. 

Metaux  et  Alliages  recently  described 
an  interesting  new  process  said  to 
he  used  at  Marienhiitte,  for  the  produc- 
tion of  cadmium  from  the  solutions  in- 
tended for  the  production  of  lithophone, 
to  which  cadmium  gives  a  yellow  color. 
The  impure  solutions  are  electrolyzed, 
using  a  zinc  anode  and  lead  cathode.  The 
impurities,  such  as  iron,  manganese  and 
cadmium  deposit  on  the  cathode  in  the 
form  of  a  slime,  from  which  the  cadmium 
is  extracted  by  distillation. 

Gold  Dredcing  Companies 
Will    you   please    send    me    the    names 
of  the  companies  that  are  operating  gold 
dredges  in   California,  also   in   Colorado, 
Idaho  and  British  Columbia,  if  any? 

L.  A.  P. 
The  following  is  probably  not  a  com- 
plete list,  but  includes  the  leading  com- 
prmies  of  California:  Natomas  Consoli- 
dated of  California,  Folsom,  Cal.;  Yuba 
Consolidated  Gold  Fields,  Hammonton, 
Cal.  and  Oroville  Dredging,  Ltd.;  Oro 
Water.  Light  and  Power  Company;  Leg- 
gttt  Gold  Dredging  Company;  El  Oro 
Dredging  Company;  "Gardella"  (private 
diedge);  Cherokee  Gold  Dredging  Com- 
pany; Pacific  Dredging  Company;  Ophir 
Gold  Dredging  Company;  Pennsylvania 
Gold  Dredging  Company;  all  of  Oroville. 
Cal.  In  Colorado,  the  Colorado  Gold 
Dredging  Company,  of  Breckenridge;  in 
Idaho,  the  Boston-Idaho  Gold  Dredging 
Company  at  Idaho  City;  and  in  Alaska, 
the  British  Columbia  &  Yukon  company, 
and  the  Yukon  Gold  Company  are  all 
operating  dredges.  The  most  recent  liter- 
ature on  this  subject  is  "Gold  Dredging 
in  California,"  issued  as  Bull.  No.  57  by 
the  California  State  Mining  Bureau, 
Ferry  Building,  San  Francisco;  costs 
SI. 50  paper,  or  .'^2  cloth,  plus  SO. 20  post- 
age; Mr.  Tyssowski's  paper  on  this  sub- 
ject in  the  Journal  of  Oct.  15,  1910;  also 
a  paper  by  George  B.  Massey  II,  in  the 
Journal  of  Oct.  29,  1910,  on  "Gold 
Dredging  in  the  Seward  Peninsula."  If 
North  American  dredging  is  under  con- 
sideration, the  important  work  of  the 
Courey  Placer  Mining  Company,  near 
Ruby,  Mont.,  should  not  be  overlooked. 

Infusorial  Earth 

Can  you  put  me  in  touch  with  some 
users  of  infusorial  earth,  and  advise  me 
of  the  amount  imported  by  the  United 
States?  F.  H.  B. 

The  following  are  dealers  in  infusorial 
earth:  W.  H.  Whittaker,  245  Front 
street.   New  York;   Hammill   &  Gillespie, 


240  Front  street.  New  York;  T.  Van  Am- 
ringe,  241  Water  street,  New  York.  The 
prices  for  infusorial  earth  range  from 
I  'jc.  to  8c.  per  lb.  depending  on  color,  etc. 
The  chief  consumers  are  explosive  mak- 
ers, and  manufacturers  of  non-heat-con- 
ducting materials  and  cleansing  com- 
pounds. Of  course  the  price  paid  to  the 
miner  will  be  in  strict  proportion  to  the 
quality  of  infusorial  earth  he  can  deliver. 
We  are  unable  to  answer  your  question 
as  to  the  amount  imported  as  this  ma- 
terial is  grouped  in  the  Government  re- 
ports under  miscellaneous  earths,  .  of 
which  the  United  States  imported  26,700 
tens  in  1909.  Possibly  you  could  get  this 
information  by  writing  to  the  Bureau  of 
Commerce  and  Labor,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Colloidal  Gold 
Can  you  inform  me  of  a  form  of  gold 
known  as  "colloidal,"  and  can  you  refer 
me  to  any  publication  or  book  that  de- 
scribes it?  I  am  told  that  it  can  be  ex- 
tracted from  certain  ores  by  electro-cyan- 
idation.  W.  W.  M. 

The  adjective  "colloidal"  is  applied  to 
those  substances  which,  in  solution,  either 
will  not  pass,  or  pass  only  with  difficulty 
through  a  porous  membrane  such  as  filter 
paper,  etc.,  gelatin  and  the  allied  sub- 
stances being  the  standard  examples.  It 
is  possible  to  subdivide  metals  to  such  an 
extent  that  the  particles  suspended  in  wa- 
ter behave  as  do  the  solutions  of  gelatin- 
ous substances  above  referred  to,  and 
these  metals  are  then  said  to  be  in  the 
colloidal  state. 

Such  a  colloidal  solution  of  gold  may 
be  produced  by  electric  sparks  between 
gold  electrodes  immersed  in  water',  or  by 
pouring  an  et!^ereal  solution  of  gold  chlo- 
ride (the  chloride  having  previously  been 
heated  to  170  deg.  F.I  into  acetylene  wa- 
ter containing  ether.  Some  of  the  inter- 
esting properties  of  colloidal  solutions  of 
metals  are  that  each  particle  carries  a 
negative  electric  charge,  and  that  they  are 
precipitated  by  solutions  of  electrolytes. 
Other  references  can  be  found  below". 

We  may  add  that  M.  Carey  Lea,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, has  done  a  great  deal  of  work  on 
colloidal  gold  and  silver,  but  we  are  un- 
able to  give  you  the  exact  references  to 
his  published  articles.  Perhaps  you  can 
find     them      in     your     public      library. 

If  your  question  means  that  the  gold 
exists  in  the  rock  as  "colloidal  gold,"  and 
can  be  extracted  only  by  electro-cyanida- 
tion,  the  statement  concerning  the  "col- 
loidal" state  is  open  to  doubt,  and  seems 
to  be  a  new  disguise  for  "green"  gold, 
etc.  If  it  means  that  during  electro-cyan- 
idation  the  gold  is  at  some  time  in  the 
colloidal  state,  this  is  quite  possible,  al- 
though what  advantage  this  can  be,  if 
any,  we  are  unable  to  determine. 

'I.iiiiihiii.  i:tliiil,iii;/li  and  Duhtln  Phil  ]f(ni 
Vol.   SI.  p.   4;;ii.  ■' 

"t«i.   .Iniini.    Sri..    Vol.    XVI,    p.    381. 

Mi/i.  .loi/iH.  ,sv;..  Vol.  .XVI,  p.  433.  Pon 
Sri.    Mnntniii,   Vol.    I, XVII,    p.    208. 


1242 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PR ACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  "Well  as' 
Lartfe  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Handy  Drill  Sharpening  Device 
By  Lee  L.  Wilcox* 


In  a  shop  where  the  drills  are  sharp- 
ened by  hand,  the  device  illustrated  has 
been  of  great  assistance.  A  4x4-in.  bar 
of  square  iron  is  bent  up  at  one  end  as 
^own  in  the  sketch.  Holes  are  then 
drilled  along  the  top  at  an  angle,  so  that 
the  shank  of  a  drill  inserted  in  the  hole 
wiM  lie  across  the  horn  of  the  anvil. 
These  holes  can  be  spaced  according  to 
the  different  lengths  of  drills  used.  In 
our  case  we  use  a  9-in.  spacing.  A  hole 
is  also  drilled  in  the  top  of  the  end 
turned  up,  for  the  short  starting  drill. 
Holes  are  also  drilled  for  pins,  one  at 
each  end.  One-inch  pins,  with  counter- 
sunk heads  are  inserted  in  these. 

The  whole  device  is  set  flush  with  the 


Lighting    Haulage  Ways 

If  electric  light  were  more  used  in 
inain  tramming  drives,  filling  and  tram- 
ming would  be  effected  more  rapidly,  de- 
fective rails  could  more  easily  be  detected 
and  attended  to,  and  there  would  be  far 
less  risk  of  collisions  or  other  accidents 
during  tramming  operations.  R.  G. 
Mackie  discusses  this  subject  at  length  in 
the  Journ.  of  the  Transvaal  Institute  of 
Mechanical  Engineers,  Oct.,  1910.  He 
states  that  the  great  waste  of  candles  oc- 
curring on  account  of  the  movement  of 
trucks  or  the  natural  air  current  in  the 
drives  would  also  be  obviated.  The  tram- 
ming cost  per  ton  would,  it  is  certain, 
benefit  considerably  by  the  application  of 
plenty  of  light  to  tramming  roads. 

A  2000-volt  current  could  be  taken  to 
central  stations  and  transformed  for  light- 


The  Etjin^.  ...3  iyRning  Journal 


Handy  Drill-sharpening  Device 


blacksmith-shop  floor  and,  as  said  above, 
in  such  a  position  that  a  drill,  placed  in 
any  one  of  the  holes,  will  lie  across  the 
horn  of  the  anvil. 

In  using  the  device,  the  blacksmith 
places  the  drill  in  one  of  the  slanting 
holes,  places  his  sharpening  tool  on  the 
bit  and  his  helper  pounds  away  with  no 
inconvenience  whatever  to  the  blacksmith. 
It  not  only  saves  time  in  sharpening,  as 
the  helper  can  strike  good  hard  blows,  but 
it  takes  away  the  jar  on  the  blacksmith's 
arm. 


Rust  Remover 


For  removing  rust,  a  French  contem- 
porary advises,  instead  of  emery,  the 
following:  Moisten  with  a  50  per  cent, 
solution  of  potassium  ferrocyanide,  then 
rub  with  a  paste  consisting  of  potassium 
ferrocyanide,  60  parts;  soft  soap,  60 
parts,  and  calcium  carbonate,  120  parts, 
to  which  is  added  enough  water  to  make 
a  thick  paste. 

•MInlnB  engineer.  Gilbert.   Minn. 


ing  purposes.  Due  consideration  would 
have  to  be  given  to  the  proximity  of 
blasting  operations  when  installing  elec- 
tric light  underground.  The  lighting  of  a 
colliery  is  a  simpler  matter  than  the  light- 
ing of  the  Rand  mines;  the  concussion 
here  due  to  blasting  is  greater,  than  in 
coal  mines.  The  filament  for  the  lamps 
would  require  to  be  well  stayed  for  un- 
derground work,  and  the  lamps  switched 
off  during  blasting.  The  metallic-filament 
lamp  would  not,  I  am  afraid,  be  suitable 
for  underground  lighting  purposes.  If  it 
could  withstand  the  vibration  caused  by 
blasting,  a  great  saving  in  power  and  cop- 
per would  result.  The  system  has  a  con- 
tinuous current  supply  at  500  volts  on  the 
main  conductors  with  two  250-volt 
lamps  in  series.  The  risk  of  accidents 
with  this  arrangement  is  considerable  and 
its  use  should  not  be  permitted  by  law. 

If  the  bends  or  compound  shafts  were 
well  illuminated  by  electric  light,  a  de- 
fective pulley  or  a  loose  angle  iron  or  rail 
could  be  noticed  by  anyone  passing  on 
the  ladder  way,  and  accidents  to  the  skips 
avoided  at  this  most  particular  portion  of 


the  shaft.  Good  supervision  of  a  bend 
rlso  tends  to  minimize  the  wear  of  the 
hoisting  ropes.  At  present  it  is  impossible 
to  see  if  the  pulleys  revolve  freely  from 
the  ladder,  and  hoisting  has,  therefore,  to 
be  stopped  in  order  that  the  bends,  pul- 
leys, etc.,  may  be  safely,  carefully  and 
systematically  examined.  This  inconven- 
ience tends  toward  the  neglect  of  the 
shaft.  The  placing  of  lights  in  a  shaft 
bend  would  require  them  to  be  securely 
protected  on  the  top  from  falling  stones 
or  other  objects. 


Platform  for  Shaft  Repair  Work 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  plat- 
form that  is  used  at  some  of  the  Michigan- 
iron  mines  for  repair  work  in  shafts.  The 
platform  is  made  of  2-in.  plank  with  ar 
iron  leg  A   just  high  enough  to  suppor 


Platform   for   Shaft   Repairing 

the  plank  at  the  same  level  as  the  bail  c 
the  cage.  The  platform  is  made  in  tw 
sections  and  is  fastened  together  in  th 
center  near  the  cable.  The  iron  legs  ma 
also  be  temporarily  bolted  to  the  top  c 
the  cage  at  B,  thus  making  it  perfectl 
secure. 


li 


Cleaning   Grease    from    Glass  an 
Metals  ) 

The  difficulty  of  completely  removir 
grease  from  laboratory  apparatus  >( 
metals  to  be  electroplated  is  well  know 
to  all  workers  along  these  lines.  Tt 
trouble  is  that  even  if  the  greasy  matti 
be  completely  soluble  in  alcohol  or  othi 
solvent,  the  residual  portion  of  tl 
solvent  left  on  the  surface  to  be  cleam 
will  quickly  evaporate  and  again  lea\ 
a  small  deposit.  C.  Benedicks  sugges 
(.Engineering.  Nov.  11,  1910)  that  if  tt 
object  to  be  cleaned  be  held  inverts 
\ji'hile  cold  over  alcohol  heated  by  meat 
of  a  water  bath,  the  alcohol  vapor  will  coi 
dense,  run  down  and  clean  the  surfac 


^- 


December  24.  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1243 


As  soon  as  the  object  to  be  cleaned  at- 
tains the  temperature  of  the  vapor,  con- 
densation will  cease,  and  it  must  be  re- 
moved and  cooled,  if  it  is  not  already 
clean,  and  the  process  repeated. 


Mine  Model  for  Inclined  Veins 


ordinate  plane  is  easily  determined  by 
the  elevation  of  the  working  as  shown 
in  the  level-bock  notes  and  projected  on 
a  longitudinal  vertical  plane.  The  co- 
ordinate planes  are  painted  black,  so 
that  they  do  not  show  well  in  the  picture, 
and  they  look  crooked  owing  to  the  angle 
from  which  the  picture  was  taken. 


Tube  Mill  Power 

By  H.  E.  West* 

Considerable  misconception  exists  with 
regard  to  the  power  necessary  to  drive 
tube  mills.     Usually  the  power  is  under- 


The  ordinary  mine  map  is  so  confused 
with  the  many  workings  that  are  pro- 
jected from  the  different  levels  on  one 
plane  that  it  is  difficult  to  get  a  good  un- 
derstanding of  the  workings  as  a  whole. 
Models  are,  in  many  instances,  quite  use- 
ful in  planning  development  work.  In 
steep  veins,  glass  models  are  generally 
used,  but  these  are  not  so  well  adapted 
to  flat  veins. 

At  the  North  Star  mines  an  ingeniously 
constructed  model  is  used,  and  it  gives 
an  excellent  idea  of  the  vein.  The  levels 
only  are  shown,  and  only  a  portion  of  the 
different  slopes  on  a  level  are  repre- 
sented.    An   accompanying   halftone   en- 


POWr.K   CO.V.SKMPTIOX   OI''  TUBE   .MIl.l.S.  EL  OKO   MINI.VG  CO.\IP.\.N Y,  ACflUST,    1910. 


Mill 
Number. 

T.VP*-. 

Kaled 

Horsepower 

of  Jlotor 

Drive. 

.-Vctviai 
Kilowatt.^. 

Hours. 

Kilowatt- 
hours. 

Corrected 
Line    I..oad. 

■  Co.st. 

1 

3 
4 
5 
6 

7 

8 

9 

1(1 

1  1 

12 

4,   o,  6 

.\bb6 

.\bb6 

Knipp 

Knipp 

Knipp 

Knipp 

Knipp 

Knipp 

Knipp 

C.  A-  \\.*.... 

c.  A  W* 

C.  &  W.* 

Shafting 

50 
50 

75 
75 
75 

75 

35 

35 

30 

40 

67 . 5 

46 

42 

44 

42 

73 

72 

79 

24 

737 
707 
732 
651 
711 
707 
732 
592 
720 
730 
724 
731 
735 

25.795 
24,745 
21,960 
26,010 
47,992 
32,522 
30,744 
26,048 
30,240 
53,272 
52,160 
57,696 
17.640 

26,886 
25,790 
22,S!'0 
27,150 
50,000 
33,900 
32,040 
27,l,i0 
31,520 
55.740 
54,370 
60,136 
18,390 

S201 
193 
171 
203 
374 
254 
239 
203 
236 
414 
406 
4.50 
137 

S34S1 

*Chalmers  A   Williams  bevel-geared. 


Model  of  North  Star  Mine.  Grass   Valley.  Cal. 


graving  docs  not  do  justice  to  the  model, 
which  is  one  of  the  most  intelligible  that 
1 1  have  seen. 

The  levels  are  made  of  copper  wire 
hainted  white.  As  the  wire  is  easily  bent, 
he  different  levels  are  readily  brought 
ip  to  date  by  taking  the  level  wire  off 
he  model  and  laying  it  on  the  model 
nap,  kept  especially  for  the  purpose. 
The  new  footage  is  easily  added  by 
'razing  the  new  piece  of  wire  to  the  old 
ne  r.fter  it  has  been  bent  so  as  to  con- 
orm  to  the  level  as  shown  on  the  model 
nap. 

The  different  wires  representing  the 
■vels  are  held  loosely  in  notches  cut  in 

rtical  pieces  of  board,  which  represent 

t'fe  set  of  the  coordinate  planes  used 
n  the  map.  New  notches  are  cut  in  the 
upports  by  simply  measuring  from  the 
iiodel  map  the  points  at  which  the  new 
rorkings  cut  the  different  coordinates. 
The   hight    at    which    they    cut    the    co- 


Thj  shafts  are  represented  by  means 
of  strips  of  wood  sawed  by  a  scroll  saw 
to  conform  to  the  dip  of  the  shaft.  The 
model  is  brought  up  to  date  once  every 
six  months,  and  the  great  advantage  of 
this  type  of  model  is  the  ease  with  which 
it  is  brought  up  to  date,  owing  to  the 
fact  that  the  part  representing  any  work- 
ing can  be  taken  out  quickly  and  re- 
placed. The  copper  wire  lends  itself 
readily  to  the  representation  of  the  dif- 
ferent workings.  The  general  scheme  of 
the  model  and  the  details  of  its  con- 
struction were  worked  out  by  A.  D.  Foote, 
the  manager  of  the  North  Star  Company 
at  Grass  Valley,  California. 


An  electro-cyanide  process  is  being 
tested  by  John  R.  Parks  in  an  experi- 
mental plant  erected  at  Hollywood,  near 
Los  Angeles.  A  current  varying  from  9 
to  14  volts  and  from  2' '•  to  3  amp. 
per  sq.ft.  of  anode  surface  is  used. 


estimated.  It  is  therefore  of  interest 
briefly  to  examine  the  recorded  power 
consumption  of  any  installation,  such  as 
that  given  in  the  accompanying  table, 
which  is  the  Aug.,  1910,  record  of  the  El 
Oro  Mining  Company,  El  Oro,  Mexico. 

In  the  third  column  is  given  the  rating 
of  the  motor  driving  the  inills,  each  of 
which  has  its  own  motor,  except  Nos.  3, 
4  and  5,  which  are  driven  from  a  line 
shaft.  The  last  three  have  bevel-gear 
drive  in  contradistinction  to  the  plain  gear 
of  the  others.  In  size  the  first  three  are 
approximately  equal  to  the  Krupp  No.  3 
mill  (old  cIa?sif:cation),  4' jxl6  ft.  long; 
No.  5  mill,  which  is  a  Krupp  No.  5  size, 
is  5x26  ft.  The  remainder  of  the  Krupps 
and  Nos.  10,  11  and  12  are  equal  to 
Krupp  No.  4,  5x21   feet. 

It  will  first  be  noticed  that,  with  rare 
exception,  all  mills  worked  practically 
full  time.  It  will  next  be  noted  that  the 
power  varies  considerably.  This  is  par- 
ticularly seen  in  the  last  three  mills,  with 
the  bevel-gear  drive.  Doubtless  this 
drive  contributes  decidedly  to  the  extra 
power  consumed,  as  does  also  the  heat- 
ing of  the  roller  axles  supporting  the 
tire  end,  through  insufficient  area.  In  ad- 
dition these  mills  are  well  loaded  with 
crushing  rock,  working  on  the  reground 
sand.  It  should  also  be  noted  that  the 
ribs  in  the  El  Oro  lining  lift  the  pebbles 
high. 

All  these  motor-driven  mills  are  belt 
connected.  At  the  Mexico  and  Esperanza 
mills,  the  drive  is  direct  through  a  flexible 
leather-link  coupling,  which  is  preferable. 
The  mills  are  continually  fed  by  hand 
with  regrinding  rock,  introduced  through 
the  lower  end  by  means  of  a  worm  feed, 
so  that  the  load  is  fairly  constant. 

Power    at    EI    Oro,    supplied    by    the 


•Mining  engineer,  37.5  Sutter  .St.,  San  Fran- 
cis™.  Cnl. 


1244 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


Dec&mber  24,  1910. 


Mexico  Light  and  Power  Company  from 
Necaxa,  175  miles  distant,  costs  S50  per 
horsepower-year.  This  low  rate  permits 
the  extensive  use  of  tube  mills,  which, 
as  shown,  are  large  consumers  of  power. 
Where  power  cost  is  high,  through  un- 
favorable local  conditions,  the  extensive 
use  of  tube  mills  is  questionable.  There 
is  considerable  difference  in  the  perform- 
ance of  these  mills.  I  have  had  experience 
with  tube  mills  of  diverse  makes,  and  my 
own  preference  is  unqualifiedly  given  to 
the  Krupp  mills. 

For  machines  of  such  simple  construc- 
tion, it  is  surprising  what  inherent  de- 
fects rapidly  manifest  themselves  in  both 
inferior  design  and  workmanship.  The 
heavy  weight  of  the  mills,  lining,  pebbles 
and  charge,  with  the  rapid  rotation,  from 
27  to  32  r.p.m.,  are  doubtless  integral 
fa».';ors  in  testing  both  design  and  con- 
struction, affording,  at  the  same  time,  ex- 
planation of  the  large  power  consumption. 


Starting  a    Ventilating    Fan 
matically 


Auto- 


By   J.    H.    DiETZ* 

I  note  on  page  896  of  the  Journal, 
Nov.  5,  1910,  a  description  of  a  device 
for  starting  a  ventilating  fan  automatic- 
ally, and  for  the  benefit  of  others  who 
may  have  read  this  would  call  their 
attention  to  a  similar,  but  different,  in- 
stallation made  at  the  coal  mine  of  the 
Laning-Harris  Coal  and  Grain  Company, 
at  Wellington,  Missouri. 

The  fan  at  this  mine  is  of  the  propeller 
type,  belt  driven  by  a  15-h.p.  direct-cur- 
tent  motor,  and  is  placed  directly  in  the 
air  course,  1500  ft.  from  the  mouth  of 
the  slope.  The  motor  is  operated  by  a 
type  70  Cutler-Hammer  self  starter, 
which  replaces  the  elaborate  mechanism 
Mr.  Worcester  has  attached  to  his  ordin- 
ary starting  compensator.  The  simple 
solenoid,  drawing  the  starting  switch 
slowly  over  the  contacts  as  soon  as  the 
current  is  turned  on,  takes  the  place  of 
the  counterweight,  oilcan,  6-in.  pipe 
and  system  of  levers  described  in  the 
article  mentioned.  The  fan  can  then  be 
stopped  or  started  from  the  engine  room 
simply  by  opening  and  closing  the  switch, 
which  is  equipped  with  a  counterweight 
for  closing,  operated  by  a  string  at- 
tached to  the  winding  stem  of  an  ordin- 
ary one-dollar  alarm  clock.  This  en- 
ables the  fan  to  be  started  from  the 
engine  room  at  any  predetermined  time, 
and  makes  a  simpler,  cheaper,  more  con- 
venient and  reliable  arrangement  than 
described  by  Mr.  Worcester,  with  the  ad- 
vantage that  it  can  be  purchased  properly 
made  and  ready  to  install. 

Variable-speed  Controller  on  Motor 

The    fan    was    manufactured    and    the 

starting    arrangement    installed    by    the 


Eagle  Foundry  and  Machine  Company, 
of  Fort  Scott,  Kan.  In  addition  to  the 
equipment  described,  the  motor  is  sup- 
plied with  a  variable-speed  controller, 
without  release,  so  that  the  fan  can  be 
operated  with  a  50  per  cent,  variation  in 
speed,  depending  on  the  weather  condi- 
tions and  the  mine  resistance.  This  fan 
requires  no  attention,  except  for  oiling, 
and  is  equipped  with  special  self-oiling 
boxes,  so  that  one  trip  a  week  is  suffi- 
cient attention  for  the  entire  equipment. 

When  the  fan  was  installed,  there  was 
a  delay  in  shipment  of  the  speed  con- 
troller, and  the  fan  was  connected  direct 
and  run  at  the  normal  speed  of  the 
motor. 

The  fan  gave  so  much  air  that  it 
became  necessary  to  cover  one-half  of 
the  discharge  opening  with  a  temporary 
wood  brattice  to  enable  the  miners  to 
hold  a  light  anywhere  in  the  workings. 
The    fan    is    now    running    at    minimum 


engineers,  .$4.04;  track  men,  S2.10;  sur- 
face foremen,  $3.31;  pit  foremen,  $4.13. 

The  v/ages  paid  for  underground  em- 
ployees are  as  follows:  Mine  captain, 
per  day,  S5.04;  shift  boss,  $3.10;  con- 
tract miners,  $2.80;  miners  on  company 
account,  $2.44;  timber  men,  .$2.73;  motor- 
men.  S2.38;  rock  pickers,  $2.15,  'and 
,"^2.30  for  general  labor. 


Rai.sing  a  Smokestack 
By  George  A.  Laird* 


How  large  a  stack  can  be  hoisted  as  a 
unit,  and  what  size  stack  must  be  built 
up  ? 

As  illustrating  what  can  be  done 
with  no  other  equipment  than  usually  at 
hand  at  almost  any  mine  the  Candelaria 
Mining  Company  at  San  Pedro,  Chihua- 
hua, has  just  successfully  raised,  in  one 


Hoisting  Smokestack  at  Candelaria   Mine,  San   Pedro,  Chihuahua,  Mex. 


speed,  with  capacity  for  50  per  cent,  in- 
crease, to  take  care  of  the  future  growth 
of  the  mine. 


Wages    Paid    on   the  Mesabi 
Range 


•Mining   pnKlneor.    FoiM    Scott.    Knn. 


The  following  figures  are  taken  from 
the  county  mine  inspector's  report  for  the 
year  ended  June  30,  1910.  The  wages 
are  the  average  for  the  mines  in  St.  Louis 
county,  Minn.:  Mining  engineers,  per  10- 
hour  day,  $3.84;  assistant  engineers, 
S2.,S7;  chemists,  .$3.25;  carpenters,  ,$3.I2; 
masons,  $3.68;  machinists.  $3.53;  black- 
smiths, S;3.16;  steam-shovel  engineers, 
S6.26;  crane  men  on  steam  shovels,  $4.52; 
firemen  on  Ircomotives,  .$2.53;  locomotive 


piece,  a  stack  6  ft.  in  diameter  and  120 
ft.  long.  The  stack  was  elevated  6  ft., 
shifted  to  one  side  8  ft.  and  set  down  on 
a  cast-iron  bedplate  with  a  2-in.  ring  in- 
side. 

The  tower  shown  in  the  accompanying 
photograph  is  80  ft.  high,  built  of  2x6- 
in.  timbers  with  a  sheave  on  top  over 
which  passed  a  ly-in.  steel  rope.  The 
pull,  a  5-strand  '.'•-in.  plow-steel  rope  to 
a  hand  winch,  was  operated  by  two  men. 
The  stack  is  built  of  40  ft.  5  l(5-in.  steel, 
40  ft.  of  '4 -in.  steel,  and  40  ft.  of 
3'16-in.  steel,  and  weighs  15  tons. 
The  end  thrust  at  the  first  pull  was 
sufficient  to  cut  an  8x8-in.  Mexican  pine 
timber  into  three  pieces,  each  side  of  the 
stack  going  clear  through. 


^Miiilii^-    riiLihii'iT.     Sjni     IN-Hi' 


I'bilii 


December  24,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1245 


Innovations  at  the  Simmer  &  Jack 
Mine 


The  Simmer  &  Jack  property  on  the 
Rand  was  recently  visited  by  the  Chem- 
ical, Metallurgical  and  Mining  Society 
of  South  Africa,  to  inspect  a  number  of 
innovations.  According  to  the  South  Afri- 
can Min.  Journ..  the  sand-filling  system 
was  of  especial  interest.  The  60  per  cent, 
of  clean  sand  yielded  by  the  crushed  ore 
occupies  about  the  same  space  in  the 
mine  as  the  ore  before  it  was  mined,  a 
fortnight  earlier.  The  sand  drains  read- 
ily underground,  yielding  a  clear  effluent. 
The  bore  hole  through  which  the  sand 
pulp  is  introduced  into  the  mine  is  about 
180  ft.  vertical.  The  thick  sludge,  which 
contains  only  about  30  per  cent,  moisture, 
then  flows  on  a  wooden  launder,  and  its 
further  incline  travel  is  assisted  by  the 
addition  of  a  spray,  the  consistency  then 
being  about  1.4  of  water  to  one  of  sand, 


on  the  plates  in  the  tube-mill  circuit. 
In  the  tube-mill  classification  one  dia- 
phragm-cone classifier,  5x9  ft.,  is  em- 
ployed for  each  tube  mill.  The  classifier 
underflow  is  about  400  tons  of  sand  per 
24  hours,  as  a  pulp  containing  about  27 
per  cent,  moisture. 

Battery  Sand  Cleanup  Plant 
The  plant  for  the  reduction  of  the  rich 
mill  by-products  includes  a  tube  mill,  3 
ft.  6  in.  X  6  ft.,  followed  by  a  small 
shaking  amalgamating  plate.  The  fine 
tailings  from  this  crushing  and  amalga- 
mation are  pumped  to  two  air-lift  cyanide 
vats,  10  ft.  in  diameter  by  18  ft.  deep, 
one  of  which  is  used  for  collecting  and 
the  other  for  treatment.  The  vats  have 
60-deg.  bottom  grade  and  are  filled  with 
Adams  cut-off  gates.  A  considerable 
amount  of  mercury  and  amalgam  is  re- 
covered in  these  vats,  or  dissolved  in  the 
cyanide  solution  and  subsequently  re- 
covered on  the  zinc  shavings,  from  which 


into  evaporating  beds  to  concentrate  and 
crystallize  under  the  action  of  the  sun. 
In  the  installation  referred  to,  however, 
the  rock  salt  is  mined  directly  in  its 
crystal  form.  The  original  shaft  was 
sunk  with  difficulty,  as  a  result  of  en- 
countering several  underground  streams, 
and  after  mining  operations  were  begun 
it  soon  proved  impossible  for  the  work- 
men to  stay  in  the  chambers  for  more 
than  half  an  hour  at  a  time  on  account  of 
the  sulphurous  fumes  liberated  from  the 
mine  water,  by  the  heat  from  the  steam- 
driven  pump,  which  had  to  be  operated 
continuously  to  keep  the  shaft  free  of 
water.  As  the  pump  was  at  the  750- ft. 
level  the  large  condensation  in  the  steam 
line  also  made  operation  unsatisfactory 
in  point  of  expense.  A  compressed-air 
lift  was  next  considered  but  this  idea,  ac- 
cording to  the  Electrical  World,  was 
abandoned  on  account  of  the  inefficient 
performance  of  such  an  installation.  Ac- 
cordingly  electric  pumping   was  resorted 


Caldecott  Sand  Tables  and  Cone  Classifiers  at  Simmer  &  Jack  Mini;,  SntiTii  Africa 


by  weight.  Three  more  holes  are  being 
drilled  so  that  the  filling  process  can  be 
conducted  on  a  larger  scale. 

Continuous  Sand-collecting  Plant 
Three  sand  filter  tables  25  ft.  in  diam- 
eter are  installed,  of  which  one  is  a  spare, 
two  readily  handling  the  total  produc- 
tion of  1,'?00  tons  of  sand  daily.  The 
sand  from  the  filter  tables  is  transferred 
with  cyanide  solutions  as  a  pulp  to  the 
cyanide-treatment  vats.  No  washing 
cones  are  employed  in  addition  to  the 
fcur  8xI0-ft.  diaphragm  cones  above 
each  table.  Six  similar  return  sand  cones 
following  the  table  cones  are  in  use.  By 
means  of  this  installation  the  renewal  of 
p.  !."rge  number  of  old  wooden  vats  has 
been  avoided  and  better  extraction  ob- 
tained. 

Nc   Amalgamation    at   the  Stamp 
Batteries 

Twenty-four  sand  batteries  at  the  Sim- 
mer &  Jack  mill  are  equipped  with  short 
wooden  observation  tables  only,  without 
amalgamating  plates,  the  pulp  being  ele- 
vated   to    classifiers     for    amalgamation 


it  is  obtained  later  by  condensation  dur- 
ing calcination  of  the  zinc-gold  slime. 
The  cyanide  treatment  in  the  air-lift 
vats  yields  about  98  per  cent,  extraction, 
and  comprises  repeated  agitation  by  air 
and  the  circulating  pump,  with  alter- 
nate settlement  and  decantation  of  the 
gold-bearing  solution. 


Motor  Driven  Pump  in  Deep 
Salt  Mine 


An  unusual  installation  of  a  motor- 
driven  pump  was  recently  added  to  the 
lines  of  the  Detroit  Edison  Illuminating 
Company  for  freeing  one  of  the  salt 
mines  of  the  Detroit  Salt  Company  from 
ground  water.  A  wide  area  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  city  contains  large  deposits  of  rock 
salt  at  a  depth  of  about  750  to  1000  ft. 
below  the  surface.  The  usual  method 
of  recovering  the  salt  from  these  beds 
is  to  pump  water  down  wells  leading  to 
underground  caverns  in  the  rock  salt,  pro- 
ducing brine  by  solution,  which  is  re- 
turned to  the  surface,  where  it  is  run  out 


to,  and  duplicate  equipment   installed   as 
reserve  against  possible  breakdown. 

The  pumping  units  comprise  225-h.p., 
440-volt  squirrel-cage  induction  motors, 
direct  connected  to  six-stage  centrifugal 
pumps  delivering  750  gal.  per  min. 
against  the  head  of  750  ft.  As  this  in- 
stallation runs  at  a  comparatively  low 
temperature,  the  former  liberation  of  the 
sulphur  gases  dissolved  in  the  mine  water 
is  avoided,  and  the  workmen  now  remain 
in  the  shaft  throughout  their  shifts  with- 
out sign  of  discomfort.  On  account  of 
the  destructive  action  of  the  sulphur  and 
salt-laden  moisture  everywhere  in  the 
mine,  special  precautions  had  to  be  taken 
to  inclose  the  motors  and  protect  all  wir- 
ing in  lead-covered  cable,  and  special 
weatherproof  sockets  are  used  in  the 
lighting  of  the  underground  passages.  The 
fully    loaded   pump   takes   208   kilowatts. 


The  Robinson  Gold  Mining  Company, 
South  Africa,  reports  a  working  profit  for 
the  third  quarter  of  1910  of  72  per  cent,  of 
the  total  value  of  the  gold  recovered.  The 
ore  ran  ^9.83  per  ton,  and  161,214  tons 
were  milled. 


1246 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


Fast  Driving  at  the  Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines 


BY  CLAUDE  T.  RICE 


Some  fast  driving  has  been  done  at 
the  different  mines  of  the  Goldfield  Con- 
solidated Company  during  the  last  few 
months.  All  the  development  in  the 
camp  is  done  by  means  of  small,  one- 
man  piston  drills.  The  drills  used  by  the 
Consolidated  company  were  A50  Inger- 
soll-Sergeant  machines.  It  is  thought 
that  the  driving  of  260  ft.  in  a  5x7.5-ft. 
drift  with  only  one  working  face,  in  30 
days  is  a  record  for  two-shift  work  with 
only  two  men  working  on  each  shift,  a 
machine  man  and  a  shoveler. 

General  Conditions  under  Which 
Work  Was  Done 

The  rock  in  which  the  driving  was 
done  is  dacite,  in  which  the  feldspars 
have  been  changed  to  alunite,  while  there 
has  been  an  addition  of  some  silica  in 
much  of  the  rock  in  which  these  drifts 
were  driven.  The  rock  is  in  general 
good  drilling  and  good  breaking  ground, 
requiring  but  little  timber  as  the  costs 
for  timbering  indicate.  But  wherever 
there  has  not  been  much  silicification  of 
the  dacite  when  it  was  altered,  the  rock 
is  dead  and  will  not  throw  "its  mud"  on 
v.'ater  holes,  requiring  frequent  use  of 
the  scraper. 

Wet  spots  were  struck  in  places  in  all 
these  drifts,  but  in  few  instances  was 
there  enough  water  to  require  the  men 
to  wear  slickers.  While  the  water  hamp- 
ered the  mucker  during  tramming,  owing 
to  the  chafing  of  his  body  by  the  wet 
clothes,  this  was  to  a  large  extent  offset 
by  the  fact  that  the  moisture  "killed" 
the  powder  smoke  quickly.  There  was 
fair  air  in  all  the  drifts  except  that  driven 
on  the  1000-ft.  level  where  the  air  was 
poor  at  times.  The  temperature  in  the 
drift  driven  on  the  1000-ft.  level  was 
above  80  deg.  F.  and  that  affected  the 
men  somewhat.  The  tunnel  on  the  1000- 
ft.  level  was  driven  under  worse  con- 
ditions than  prevailed  in  the  other  two. 

Drilling  Operations 

In  all  the  drifts  the  machine  man 
drilled  from  a  cross  bar  and  had  to  make 
two  setups  to  get  in  the  round.  He  made 
it  a  point  to  finish  the  holes  drilled  from 
above  the  bar  by  noon.  In  the  case  of 
the  record  drift  on  the  Laguna  600-ft. 
level,  the  machine  man  mucked  while  the 
shoveler  ate  his  lunch. 

The  ground  in  the  different  drifts 
broke  with  from  eight  to  10  holes  per 
round.  The  round  as  drilled  by  the  men 
who  made  the  record  is  fairly  typical  of 
the  other  drifts.  They  used  in  most  of 
the  ground  two  roof  holes,  two  breast 
holes,  three  cut  holes,  one  easer  (drilled 


in  front  of  the  center  cut  hole)  and  two 
lifters.  The  easer  was  drilled  about  4  ft. 
deep;  the  cut  holes  about  8  ft.  deep  and 
the  other  holes  from  6  to  6!,S  ft.  This 
required  about  65  ft.  of  holes  to  be 
drilled  with  two  setups  of  the  machine 
to  be  made  each  shift,  besides  tearing 
down  and  blasting.  The  main  obstacle  in 
making  the  record  was  the  mucking,  al- 
though the  ground  did  not  break  ahead 
of  the  holes.  The  machine  man  generally 
gets  the  honor  of  records,  but  the  prob- 
lem in  small  drifts,  where  the  rock  is  of 
usual  hardness,  is  really  to  get  the 
broken  rock  out,  rather  than  the  round  in. 
An  air  presure  of  about  80  lb.  per  sq.in. 
at  the  machine  was  used. 

Time  and  Rate  of  Drilling 

George  Fisher  and  H.  Stroeder  were  the 
machine  men  in  the  record  drift,  the  302 
on  the  Laguna  600-ft.  level.  C.  M.  Woody 
mucked  on  one  of  the  shifts  all  through 
the  30  days,  while  on  the  other  shift  Paul 
Zappetini  mucked  19  of  the  shifts  and 
Archie  Hopper  the  other  11  shifts.  The 
advance  per  shift  averaged,  during  the 
month,  4  ft.  4  in.,  but  during  the  last 
four  shifts  the  men  drove  the  drift  ahead 
21  ft.,  or  an  average  of  5  ft.  3  in.  per 
shift.  The  average  amount  of  waste 
broken  per  shift  was  13  tons  and  the 
shoveler  had  to  tram  this  waste  in  cars 
holding  21  cu.ft.,  a  distance  of  800  ft. 
The  men  did  not  do  any  timbering. 

In  driving  the  466  drift  on  the  bottom 
level  of  the  Combination  mine,  A.  Fraser 
ran  the  drill  on  one  shift  through  the 
27.5  days  that  the  record  was  made,  while 
F.  Stafford  ran  the  machine  22  days  on 
the  other  shift  and  A.  Smith  the  other 
5.5  shifts.  W.  Johnston  did  the  muck- 
ing on  one  of  the  shifts  during  the  27.5 
days,  while  on  the  other  shift  Thomas 
Main  also  mucked  full  time.  The  men 
advanced  the  drift  228  ft.  in  the  27.5 
days,  or  an  average  advance  of  4  ft.  2  in. 
per  shift.  The  inen  also  placed  five  sets 
of  timbers,  which  was  the  equivalent  of 
driving  another  15  ft.  so  that  their  real 
advance  per  shift,  had  they  done  no 
timbering  would  have  been  about  4  ft.  5 
in.  or  slightly  greater  than  that  of  the  men 
who  made  the  record  of  260  ft.  in  30  days. 
The  length  of  tram  in  this  drift  was  1200 
ft.;  so  considering  that  the  main  problem 
in  these  small  drifts  is  the  mucking,  this 
drift,  in  many  respects,  represents  tiie 
best  work. 

G.  W.  Walker  and  Joseph  Binder  were 
the  ttiachine  men  and  L.  R.  Cremer  and 
Joseph  Didovich  were  the  shovelers  on 
the  602  drift  of  the  Jumbo  1000-ft.  level 
when  they  advanced  the  drift  203  ft.  in 


29  days.  This  is  at  the  rate  of  3  ft.  6  in. 
per  shift.  There  was  a  tram  of  1200  ft. 
and  the  temperature  was  over  80  deg.  F. 
In  all  these  drifts  the  men  had  to  lay 
the    track. 

Payments  by  Bonus  System 

In  this  fast  driving,  the  men  worked  on 
n  day-pay  bonus  system.  Up  to  an  aver- 
age of  1  ft.  of  advance  per  day  per  man 
working  in  the  drift  (four  per  day  as 
there  were  two  on  each  shift  in  all  these 
instances),  the  men  were  paid  by  the  day. 
For  all  distance  driven  above  that  foot- 
age the  men  were  paid  a  bonus  of  one 
dollar  per  foot  per  man  in  the  Laguna 
and  Jumbo  drifts,  while  in  the  Com- 
bination drift  as  the  conditions  were 
more  favorable,  the  men  were  paid  a 
bonus  of  50c.  per  man  per  foot. 

Price  of  Labor  and  Supplies 

In  regard  to  the  cost  per  foot  of  the 
drift,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  at 
Goldfield  framed  timbers  cost  at  the  rate 


COST  PER  FOOT  OF  DRIVING  DRIFTS, 
GOLDFIELD,   NEV. 


Laguna 
Drift. 

Com- 
bina- 
tion 
Drift. 

.lumbo 
Drift. 

Distance  driven,  ft 

Number  of  ria.v.s  of  two 
shifts  each  worked  .  , 

.\dvaiice  averased  per 
eight -hour  shift 

Nuuilier  of  men  work- 
ing on  each  shift .... 

Distance  trammed,  ft. . 

Machine-drill,  charge(') 

Timber  . 

260 
30 
4ft.  4in. 
2 

soo 

so.  41 
0.64 
1.00 
4.24 
0.28 

228 
27i 
4ft.2iil. 

2 

1200 
$0 .  37 
0.26 
0.93 
2.91 
0.63 

208 

29 

3  ft.  6  in. 

2 
1200 
.SO.'il 
0  ■'! 

1   02 

Labor                     ,  . 

4  15 

Hoisting  (^) 

1  02 

Total  co.st  per  foot.. 

$6.57 

S.'j .  10 

$6.91 

'In  calculatin.i^  the  machine  cost,  which 
covers  the  cost  of  machine-drill  repairs,  new 
parts,  lubricant  and  eompresed  air,  the  aver- 
age figure  of  last  yeai-  for  this  item  is  used, 
which  was  .$1.83  per  machine  shift. 

-Part  of  waste  from  drift  used  as  fllling  ID 
the    stopes. 

of  4c.  per  board  foot;  40-per  cent,  dy- 
namite costs  14.5c.  per  lb.  at  the  mine 
and  that  the  wages  are  S4  for  ma- 
chine men  and  $3.75  for  shovelers  per 
eight-hour  shift.  The  reason  that  the 
cost  of  hoisting  is  so  low  in  the  record 
drift  is  that  a  good  deal  of  the  waste  was 
used  for  filling  in  stopes  below  that  level. 
In  the  other  cases  all  the  waste  was 
hoisted  to  surface.  An  accompanying 
table  shows  the  cost  per  foot  of  the  dif- 
ferent items  in  these  three  drifts. 

It  is  well  to  note  that  these  fast 
records  for  driving  with  a  crew  of  only 
four  men  were  all  made  under  a  bonus 
systetn.  It  is  only  under  such  a  system 
that    a    high    efficiency  can  be  obtained 


December  24,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1247 


among  the  men,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  bonus  or  else  the  contract  system 
will  become  more  common  in  the  Western 
camps,  not  only  for  development  work, 
but  also  in  mining.  Moreover,  many  parts 
of  the  mill  work  can  be  done  to  good 
advantage  on  either  the  contract  or  the 
bonus  system.  Either  method  obtains 
about  the  same  result,  provided  that  the 
company  does  not  begin  to  cut  down  the 
rates  just  because  the  men  by  excep- 
tionally efficient  work  make  more  money 
than  they  would  when  working  by  the 
day. 

The  average  cost  attained  in  driving 
these  drifts  is  not  much  less  than  that 
ordinarily  attained  in  the  mines.  The 
main  advantage  in  this  instance  has  been 
the  speed  at  which  the  drifts  were 
driven.  If  it  had  been  low  cost  that  was 
aimed  at  the  drilling  would  have  been 
done  on  one  shift  and  the  shoveling  on 
the  other.  For  permission  to  use  these 
data,  I  am  indebted  to  J.  R.  Finlay,  man- 
ager of  the  Goldfleld  Consolidated  Mines 
Company. 


Precious   Metal  Production  of 
the  World 

The  accompanying  tables  of  relative 
standing  of  the  gold-  and  silver-produc- 
ing  countries   of   the    world    is    compiled 


ing  the  Biliter  cell  as  developed  in 
Aschersleben,  Germany,  and  Briickl, 
Austria.  This  cell  is  of  simple  construc- 
tion, having  a  horizontal  diaphragai,  and 
operates  by  percolation,  thus  doing  away 
with  the  necessity  of  a  circulating  brine 
system,  with  its  attendant  objections. 
The  cathode  liquor  comes  off  at  a  fairly 
high  concentration  (about  13  per  cent.), 
and  free  from  oil  or  other  inflammable 
material,  as  none  is  used  in  connection 
with  this  cell.  The  cost  of  the  cell  is  low, 
and  the  current  efficiency  when  operating 
under  commercial  conditions,  about  97 
per  cent.  The  cell  operates  at  3000  amp. 
and  about  3->{)  volts;  the  production  per 
24  hours  is  equal  to  330  lb.  of  solid  90 
per  cent,  caustic  potash  per  cell. 

From  the  chlorine  gas  muriatic  acid  is 
made  under  the  old  Roberts  patent  owned 
by  the  Niagara  Alkali  Company,  which 
produces  the  hydrochloric  acid  absolutely 
free  from  sulphur  and  arsenic.  A  portion 
of  the  chlorine  gas  is  liquefied,  this  end  of 
the  business  being  handled  by  the 
Electro-Bleaching  Gas  Company  of  New- 
York.  Arrangements  are  also  being  made 
to  engage  in  the  manufacture  of  tin 
chloride,  carbon  tetrachloride,  potassium 
chlorate  and  bleaching  powder.  It  is 
also  purposed  to  engage  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  acetylene  tetrachloride,  chlorides 
and  oxychlorides  of  the  metalloids  and 
zinc    chloride.      The    company    also    an- 


GOI.n   .\XD  .SILVER   PKODfC'TION   OF  THE   WORLD. 


Gold. 

SlI.VEK. 

Country. 

Per  Cent . 
of  Total. 

Country. 

Pit  Cc-iU  . 
of  Total. 

32.7 
21.6 

15.5 
8.1 
4.9 
2.8 
2.3 
2.2 
1.1 
8.S 

.■!2.2 

United  ^States 

26  0 

Australasia 

Canada                                  

13  4 

Russia 

Australasia 

7.6 

5  7 

3. 1 

India 

2  9 

Canada 

2  0 

China 

Japan       

I    !) 

AH  others 

All  others 

o  ■' 

100 . 0 

100.0 

from  statistics  for  1909  in  "The  Mineral 
Industry."  The  predominance  of  the 
Transvaal  in  gold  production  is  over- 
whelming. 

The  total  value  for  1909  of  the  world's 
gold  production  is  estimated  at  ,S459,486,- 
282,  and  of  the  silver  at  5106,806,852. 
The  decline  of  the  former  silver  treasure 
houses  of  Peru  and  Bolivia  is  remark- 
able. 


nounees  that  it  is  in  communication  with 
a  number  of  concerns  which  expect  to 
install  a  Biliter  cell  for  their  own  use. 


Niagara  Alkali  Company 

H.  D.  Ruhm,  president  of  the  Niagara 
Alkali  Company,  sends  information  as 
follows  concerning  this  corporation:  The 
new  plant  at  Niagara  Falls,  which  is  to 
take  the  place  of  the  old  Roberts  Chem- 
ical Company,  is  nearly  completed  and 
will  be  in  operation  by  Jan.  1,  1911. 
The  company  is  manufacturing  caustic 
potash,  caustic  soda  and  chlorine  gas,  us- 


Briquetting  Fine  Iron  Ores 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  British  Iron 
and  Steel  Institute,  the  following  rules 
were  recommended  for  the  briquetting 
of  fine  iron  ores: 

1.  The  iron-ore  briquets  must  have  a 
certain  resistance  against  mechanical  in- 
fluences. They  must  resist  a  pressure  of 
not  less  than  2000  lb.  per  square  inch, 
and  when  dropped  from  a  hight  of  10  it. 
on  a  cast-iron  plate  they  must  not  fall 
into  dust,  although  they  may  break  into 
pieces. 

2.  They  must  resist  heat.  Heated  to 
900  deg.  C,  they  may  commence  to 
sinter,  but  they  must  not  disintegrate 
into  small  fragments. 


3.  They  should  be  capable  of  being 
placed  in  water  for  a  certain  time  with- 
out softening. 

4.  They  must  resist  the  influence  of 
steam  at   150  deg.  C,  without  crumbling. 

5.  They  must  possess  a  certain  amount 
of  porosity  in  order  to  allow  the  carbon 
monoxide  in  the  blast  furnace  to  pene- 
tiate  the  interior  of  the  briquet,  and  to 
exercise  its  beneficial  reducing  influence. 

6.  The  binding  material,  if  any  is  used, 
should  not  contain  noxious  substances 
(sulphur,  arsenic)  to  such  an  extent  as 
to  be  injurious  to  the  quality  of  the  pig 
iron  produced. 

7.  The  cost  of  producing  briquets 
should  not  exceed  the  difference  in  the 
prices  between  lump  ore  and  fine  ore. 


The  Legal  Status  of  Mines  and 
Minerals    in    New  York 

In  1799  the  State  of  New  York  con- 
veyed a  large  tract  of  land  in  Onondaga 
county  to  George  D.  Wickham.  Fourteen 
years  later  he  conveyed  part  of  the  tract 
to  David  Otis,  "with  the  exception  of 
mines  and  minerals,  which  are  not  hereby 
intended  to  be  conveyed."  Wickham  did 
not  suspect  that  there  were  minerals  un- 
der the  farm  land  in  question,  but  he 
used  an  English  form  of  conveyence 
which  chanced  to  make  the  reservation. 
Years  later  owners  of  land  in  the  locality 
began  to  take  out  gypsum,  and  it  devel- 
oped that  the  land  conveyed  had  a  rich 
underlying  deposit  of  gypsum,  and  liti- 
gation arose  over  the  rights  to  this  de- 
posit, which  reached  the  Court  of  Appeals 
recently  in  the  case  of  Ernest  I.  White  vs. 
Clifford  L.  Miller.  We  take  this  report 
from  a  recent  issue  of  the  New  York 
Sun. 

The  testimony  showed  that  through 
various  conveyances  of  the  land  until  White 
became  the  owner  the  reservation  of 
"mines  and  minerals"  remained.  White 
hunted  up  the  heirs  of  Wickham,  who 
had  reserved  the  rights,  and  acquired  a 
majority  interest  in  all  the  minerals.  At 
the  same  time  Miller  acquired  the  rights 
from  the  owner  of  the  land  previous  to 
White  and  went  on  the  land  and  cut  down 
trees  prior  to  blasting  off  the  top  layer 
of  limestone  and  quarrying  the  gypsum. 
White  sued  for  an  injunction  against  a 
continuing  trespass  and  for  money  dam- 
ages for  cutting  down  the  trees,  and  the 
Court  of  Appeals  sustains  his  action. 

The  court  decides  that  Wickham's  deed 
did  except  from  the  grant  all  mines  and 
minerals,  including  gypsum,  but  except- 
ing limestone  and  gold  or  silver,  which  by 
statute  were  reserved  to  the  State,  and 
that  the  plaintiff,  as  the  owner  of  the  sur- 
face of  the  farm  lands,  including  the 
limestone,  was  not  stopped  from  claiming 
title  to  the  minerals.  The  reservation  as 
to  mines  and  minerals  is  clear  and  unam- 
biguous, the  court  says,  and  the  Ian'',uage 


1248 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  24,   1910. 


is  too  precise  to  admit  of  doubt  of  what 
the  grantor  intended  to  except.  While 
the  term  "minerals"  is  comprehensive, 
speaking  generally  it'signifies  "all  natural 
inorganic  bodies." 

Concerning  the  propriety  of  classing 
gypsum  in  that  exception  to  the  grant. 
Judge  Gray,  who  wrote  the  decision, 
said: 

"This  mineral  is  a  sulphate  of  calcium 
and  has  become  an  important  article  of 
commerce,  its  use  being  formerly  for  fer- 
tilizers and  land  plasters,  and  more  re- 
cently for  the  manufacture  of  cement  and 
for  kindred  purposes.  *  *  *  As  a  mineral 
ft  appears  that  it  has  been  taken  out  by 
open  quarrying,  but  it  can  be  obtained  by 
mining  as  distinguished  from  quarry- 
ing. It  is  shown  to  have  been 
mined  at  points  in  this  State  since  1844, 
and  according  to  the  evidence,  the  date 
when  it  was  first  mined  is  not  known.  It 
underlies  the  limestone  formation  upon 
the  premises  in  ledges  at  a  depth  of  from 
25  to  40  ft.,  and  in  places  rose  in  the 
form  of  caps  to  within  a  foot  or  18  in. 
of  the  surface  of  the  soil.  When  taken 
from  the  land  it  appears  to  have  been 
worked  by  quarrying  after  the  limestone 
covering  it  had  first  been  blasted  away, 
but  it  would  seem  to  be  clear  where  a 
mineral  formation  underlies  a  bed  of 
limestone  at  such  a  depth  and  in  itself 
of  great  depth  that  it  would  more  scien- 
tifically, if  not  ordinarily,  be  obtained  by 
subterranean  work  or  excavation. 

"Whether  or  not  gypsum  was  particu- 
larly in  Wickham's  mind  at  the  time  of 
his  grant  to  Otis,  we  cannot  say.  T>iere 
is  nothing  to  show  that  mineral  ores  were 
ever  found  in  the  vicinity,  and  there  iS' 
little  to  show  why  the  broadness  of  the 
exception  in  Wickham's  mind  should  be 
restricted.  That  he  meant  to  except  -vhat 
could  legally  be  defined  as  minerals  is 
plain,  and  the  only  admissible  qualifica- 
■.ions  in  this  respect  would  be  minerals 
that  were  not«obtained  by  mining." 

Judge  Gray  -says  that  under  the  deci- 
sions of  the  English  courts  a  grant  of  the 
minerals  in-  land  will  include  all  such  as 
are  obtainable  beneath  the  surface  of  the 
soil  for  the  purpose  of  profit  in  the  ab- 
sence of  language  or  of  circumstances 
which  would  make  a  limitation  of  its  im- 
port reasonable.  In  one  case  a  bed  of 
china  clay  was  discovered  under  the  land 
in  a  part  of  England  where  it  was  not 
known  to  exist.  The  court  held  that  it 
was  included  in  the  reservation  and  that 
3  reservation  of  "minerals"  was  so 
sweeping  as  to  embrace  "all  inorganic 
substances  which  might  be  found  beneath 
the  surface  and  which  could  be  worked  at 
a  profit,  unless  otherwise  limited."  The 
court  there  held  that  the  word  "mines" 
coupled  with  "minerals"  did  not  limit  the 
meaning  of  the  latter  word,  as  minerals 
would  include  open  quarrying  as  well  as 
subterranean  working. 

The   court  concludes   that   the   rule   is 


that  "a  grant  or  an  exception  of  'miner- 
als' will  include  all  inorganic  substances 
that  can  be  taken  from  the  land,  and  that 
to  restrict  the  meaning  of  the  term  there 
must  be  some  qualifying  words  or  lan- 
guage evidencing  that  the  parties  contem- 
plated something  less  general  than  alj 
substances  legally  recognizable  as  min- 
ei'als.  I  conclude,  therefore,  that  in 
Wickham's  deed  to  Otis  every  mineral 
was  excepted  but  the  surface  limestone; 
that  Otis'  grantees  and  successors  took 
only  the  surface  of  the  land,  including 
its  limestone,  and  that  the  ownership  of 
both  estates  in  the  soil  and  in  the  min- 
erals is  in  the  plaintiff." 


Reduction  of  Calcium  Sulphate* 


By  H.  O.  Hofman'  and  W.  Mostowitsch- 


The  reduction  of  calcium  sulphate  by 
carbon  monoxide  begins  at  680  deg.  C., 
but  is  not  complete  until  900  deg.  C. 
Solid  carbon  begins  to  reduce  the  calcium 
sulphate  at  700  deg.  C.,  the  reaction  being 
practically  complete  at  1000  deg.  C.  The 
reaction  below  800  deg.  is  principally 

CaSO^  +  2C  =  CaS  +  2  CO.. 
while  above  800  deg.  the  following  reac- 
tion predominates: 

CaSO.  +  4  C  =  CaS  +  4  CO. 

Reduction  of  Gypsum  Not  a  Reversible 
Reaction 

While  the  reduction  of  calcium  sulphate 
gives  calcium  sulphide  only,  the  oxidation 
of  calcium  sulphide  gives  a  mixture  of 
calcium  sulphate  and  calcium  oxide,  in 
the  proportions  of  about  three  to  one.  but 
this  is  due  to  the  interaction  of  calcium 
sulphide  and  calcium  sulphate,  a  reaction 
which  cannot  take  place  in  a  reducing  at- 
mosphere, but  which  goes  on  in  an  oxidiz- 
ing or  neutral  atmosphere,  beginning  at 
800  deg.  C.  and  being  complete  at  900 
deg.  C.  Calcium  sulphide  and  carbon 
dioxide  are  mutually  inert  up  to  400  deg. 
C,  but  the  reaction  was  not  tried  above 
this  temperature. 

Metallurgical  Considerations 

In  blast-furnace  smelting  some  calcium 
sulphide  will  be  formed  even  in  the  mild- 
ly reducing  atmosphere  of  the  lead  or 
copper  blast  furnace,  the  calcium  sul- 
phide thus  formed  chiefly  entering  the 
slag,  but  also  entering  the  matte  to  a 
small  extent.  In  using  gypsum  as  a  sul- 
phurizing agent  in  the  blast  furnace,  the 
conditions  must  be  such  as  to  insure  a 
reduction  to  sulphide  and  to  prevent  the 


•Alistrntt  of  a  p.ip.T  in  lliiU.  A.  I.  M.  E.. 
Nov..  inio.  'Pile  outlhii'  Iicrf  given  is  I).v  no 
nu'ans  a  I'liic  ivix'oscnialion  of  tlip  iiriKinal 
paijcr.  as  il  is  aimed  to  ivprodnoc  only  that 
ixirtion  of  il  wliii'h  is  of  vital  interpsi  to  ac- 
tive   nietalliii'ixists. 

Tfofessor  of  metallni'ir.v.  Massaelinsetts  In- 
stitute  of   Teelinolos.v.    Roston. 

-Melalliir^'lcal  instrncloc.  Imperial  Te<-li- 
noioKical    Insdtnlp.   Tomsk.    Silierla. 


expulsion  of  the  sulphur  as  sulphur  diox- 
ide or  trioxide,  that  is,  the  requirements 
are  a  reducing  atmosphere,  intimate  mix- 
ture of  the  gypsum  with  the  fuel,  and  a 
slag  of  high  formation  temperature.  The 
calcium  sulphide  itself,  while  a  powerful 
sulphurizer,  is  effective  only  at  low  tem- 
peratures. 

Blast-furnace  Conditions  for  Gypsum 
AS  Sulphurizer 

Hence  it  is  clear  that  in  smelting  an 
oxide  ore  in  the  blast  furrnace  with  gyp- 
sum as  flux,  the  matte  to  be  produced 
must  be  formed  mainly  in  the  upper  part 
of  the  furnace,  while  the  charge  is  still 
solid;  lower  down,  when  the  matte  begins 
to  fuse,  it  will  trickle  through  the  slag 
that  is  still  forming  and  join  the  melted 
slag.  During  its  downward  passage  it  will 
change  in  composition,  becoming  richer 
in  any  available  metal  that  has  a  stronger 
affinity  for  sulphur  than  has  the  lime. 
The  further  disadvantages  of  gypsum  as 
a  sulphurizing  agent  are  that  it  requires 
special  reducing  blast-furnace  conditions, 
and  that  it  consumes  considerable  amount 
of  carbon  for  its,  own  reduction  to  cal- 
cium sulphide. 


I 


California  Oil  Dividends 


The  dividends  paid  in  November  by  the 
California  oil  companies  listed  on  the 
San  Francisco  Stock  Exchange,  and  their 
dividends  to  date,  are  shown  in  an  accom- 
panying table. 


.\()VEMBER    DIVIDEND.S  OF  CALIFOKNI.i 

OIL  COMPANIES  LISTED  ON  SAN 

FRANCISCO  .STOCK  EXCHANGE. 


Name  of  Company. 

November, 
1910. 

Total  Paid 
to  Date. 

.\meiican  Petroleum. pfd. 
.\merican         Petroleum. 

816,500 

82,500 

20.176 

10.100 

9,992 

2,000 

2,000 

20,000 

50,000 

87,693 

5.000 

18,020 

3, Odd 

7,50(1 

15.0(1(1 

4.9SS 

5.000 

40.376 

124.813 

12.,S31 

■8296,997 
1,635  991 

Caribou  Oil  and  Mining.  . 
Clareiuont                 .    .  . 

861,938 
405  (too 

CoUmiljia 

444  737 

Home 

4*t(t  (ll)(t 

Kern  River 

1  It)  (10(1 

Monte  Cristo       

70(1  (111(1 

Mexiean  Petroleum 

New  Pepu  Petroleum.  .  . 

3,674, SSti 
3(1.(100 

Para  (fine      

.'M  (too 

Reeord 

S  F  i<:  McKittrick 

.Sauer  DoukIi 

115.(1(1(1 
46(1.0(10 

561    IS(i 

Sesnon 

I'nited  Petroleum 

Union 

United-Oil 

157.(1(111 
2..5(tl  .963 
7,360.799 

Total 

8549,673 

As  compared  with  October  this  shows 
a  falling  off  of  .'^.376.(i02.  of  which  ,S300,- 
000  is  due  to  a  capital  distribution  in 
October  by  Wabash  The  total  dividends 
paid  to  date  by  San  Francisco  listed  com- 
panies is  53(1,800,692,  but  it  must  be  re- 
membered that  by  no  means  all  the  divi- 
dend payers  are  listed  on  the  San  Fran- 
cisco exchange,  or  indeed,  on  any  ex- 
change whatever. 


{J 


December  24.   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1249 


November  Operations  of  Goldfield 
Consolidated 

The  preliminary  report  of  operations 
of  the  Goldfield  Consolidated  Mines 
Company  for  November  shows  that  24.- 
956  dry  tons  with  a  gross  value  of  S867.- 
450  were  mined.  Compared  with  the  re- 
turns for  October,  the  November  figures 
show  a  decrease  of  108  tons  or  5201,598. 

NOVEMBER      PRODICTION      OF 
CiOLDFIELD  CON.SOLIDATED. 


Wet 
Ton.s. 

Dry 
Tons. 

Value. 

Combination 

.Mohawk 

Koil  Top 

5.00-1 
8,0;-)7 
4,437 

8.409 
231 

4.778 
7,G05 
4,237 

8,031 
215 

0.87 
1.03 

2.38 
35.11 

SK7.000 
13S.3.50 

Jllluho: 

.Milling  ore 

.Shipping 

3'Ji.OOO 
l.")G.0OO 

Total .  .  . 

26,13S 

24,95C 

1.68 

5867,450 

The  average  assay  per  ton  of  ore  pro- 
duced in  November  was  1.68  oz.  gold,  as 
compared  with  2.01  oz.  for  October,  and 
1.69  oz.  for  September. 

Milling  Operations 

The  performance  of  the  mill  during 
November,  UMO.  was  as  follows:  Dry 
tons  milled,  24,741 ;  average  value  per 
ton,  S28.76;  total  value,  $711,450;  loss  in 
tailings,  555,236;  value  of  bullion,  5656,- 
214;  percentage  extracted,  92.24.  The 
extraction  was  a  little  better  in  Novem- 
ber than  in  October,  when  it  was  92.12, 
but  still  low  as  compared  with,  July 
94.03;  August,  93.43;  and  September, 
93.04. 

OCTOBER  EXPE.\SE.S  .\T  GOLDFIKI.l) 
CON,SOLID.\TED. 

Pit 

Ceneral:  .\nioiini.  Tun. 
Hiillion  tax  and  marketing  hiil- 

lion S23..'>0i) 

Atltnini.slralion,  etc IS.OOO 

41..iO()  SI  66 

MininK .ss.noo  3  53 

>iarketinK  high-erade  ore I3..-)00  0..54 

Transpoilalion 3.000  0.12 

.MillinK: 

Milling  anil  cyaniding 57..500 

.Marketing  concentrate  resi- 
dues          16.500 

74.000        2   !)U 
Con-struction 4.60O       0   10 

Net  cost 224,600       9  00 

Ix).'!s  in  tailings 55.236       2  21 

Total  costs  and  lo.s.ses S279.'  I'i  SI  I    21 

A  profit  of  523.55  per  ton  milled  was 
realized.  The  total  value  of  the  ore  per 
ton  was  .^34.76,  and  the  total  profit  for 
the  month  was  5587,614.  The  percentage 
of  profit  was  67.74,  as  against  66.80  for 
October,  and  70.05  for  September. 

Manv   Cuts   in    Expense    Prophesied 

The  long  period  of  construction  is  now 
in  process  of  winding  up.  The  electric 
storage-battery  plant  is  in  successful  op- 
eration, and  it  is  expected  to  effect  a  sav- 
ing of  52500  per  month.  The  new  assay 
office  is  so  far  along  that  the  process  of 


moving  in  will  begin  immediately.  The 
new  refinery  at  the  mill  has  been  partial- 
ly tried  out  and  the  management 
is  confident  of  saving  55000  per 
month  by  the  use  of  it.  The  new 
heating  plant  at  the  mill  has  apparently 
already  paid  for  itself  by  the  improve- 
ment it  has  accomplished  in  precipita- 
tion. The  new  compressor  for  the  mill 
has  been  greatly  delayed  and  will  not  be 
installed  before  January   1,  1911. 

Developments 

The  advance  made  in  the  various  mines 
for  the  month  was  as  follows:  Combin- 
ation, 419  ft.;  Mohawk,  1264  ft.;  Red  Top 
and  Laguna,  857  ft.;  Clermont,  1125  ft.; 
total,  3665  ft.  The  only  new  ore  of  any 
consequence  opened  upon  new  levels  dur- 
ing the  month  was  the  continued  develop- 
ment of  the  1000-ft.  level  in  the  Clermont. 
This  produced  509  tons  of  ore  that  av- 
eraged by  mine  assays  5.01   oz.  per  ton. 


Graphite  Operations  in  Quebec 


Special  Correspondence 


The  Bell  Graphite  Company,  a  Lon- 
don (England)  company,  operating  three 
miles  from  Buckingham,  Quebec,  has 
completed  its  graphite  refining  plant. 
Test  runs  were  made  and  showed  the 
yield  of  graphite  from  the  rock,  a 
sillimanite  gneiss,  to  be  about  8.5  per 
cent.  The  milling  plant  is  close  to  the 
mine.  The  process  employed  is  the  com- 
bined dry  and  wet  one.  Three  grades 
are  being  produced:  a  No.  I  and  No.  2 
flake  for  crucibles  and  one  quality  of 
150  mesh  for  lubricants.  It  is  expected 
that  100  tons  of  mill  rock  will  yield  as 
an  average  about  six  tons  of  No.  1,  two 
tons  of  No.  2  and  one  ton  of  KSO  mesh 
lubricating  graphite.  The  company  start- 
ed operations  six  years  ago  with  a  small 
experimental  plant.  The  new  refining 
plant  can  treat  70  tons  of  mill  rock  peT 
day,  the  average  daily  yield  is  expected 
to  be  about  six  tons  finished  products.  It 
is  reported  that  the  organization  of  a 
big  company,  to  take  over  all  the  hold- 
ings is  in  progress  in  London.  Kosmos 
Kendall  is  the  manager. 

At  the  graphite  mine  in  Amherst  town- 
ship, P.  Q.,  90  miles  north  of  Montreal, 
30  men  are  employed.  Progress  was 
made  during  the  suniiner  season  with 
development  on  lot  16  range  VI  and  with 
exploration  work  on  lots  13,  14,  17  and 
18,  range  VI  and  lot  19,  range  VII.  The 
shaft  on  lot  16  is  down  85  ft.  and  has 
struck  the  orebody  outcropping  on  the 
surface  and  dipping  under  an  angle  of 
50  degrees.  To  the  southwest  of  the 
shaft  the  lode  has  been  opened  for  150 
ft.  About  1000  tons  of  crude  and  mill- 
ing ore  have  been  raised.  The  graphite 
is  exclusively  of  the  flake  variety  and 
occurs   in   a   matrix   of   wollastonite   and 


pyroxene.  On  the  other  adjacent  lots 
the  continuation  of  the  lode  has  been 
established  for  almost  two  miles;  on  lots 
18  range  VI  and  19  range  VII  lense- 
shaped  orebodies  of  almost  pure  flake 
graphite  were  struck.  It  has  been  de- 
cided to  do  extensive  development  on 
these  outcrops  next  season. 


Report     of     Colorado    Gold 
Dredging  Company 


The  cost  sheet  of  the  Colorado  Gold 
Dredging  Company,  which  operates  at 
Breckenridge,  Colo.,  is  given  in  the  ac- 
companying table.  The  dredging  season 
was  from  March  23,  1910,  to  Dec.  4, 
1910.    One  dredge  operated  continuously 

COST   .SHEET,   COLORADO    GOLD    DREDG- 
ING COMPANY  FOR  THE  YEAR  1910. 

Dstril)ution  ofl  Cost  per 

Expenses.  Total  Cost.  Yard. 

Power 514.964.33  50.0107 

Lal)jr 9,771.28  0.0069 

lUpairs  and  renewals 23,544.67  0.0168 

Fii:4 537.58  0.0004 

General    expense    (office, 

traveling,   .stable,  mint 

charges,  etc.) 5,394.44  0.004 

Taxes 7,204.81  0.005 

In.surance l,S77.0l  0.0013 

New  York  office  expen.ses  2,631.07  0.0019 

Total  expenses  from  Jan- 

1,  1910  (3  Dec.  31,  1910      S65.925.19     SO. 047 

and    handled    1,400,554   cu.yd.,   or    5388 

cu.yd.   per  day   at   a   total    cost   of  4.7c. 

per  cubic  yard.     While   the   dredge   was 

in  active  service  about  nine  months,  the 

figures    given    include    all    expenses    for 

the  entire  vear. 


The  Potash  Salts  Question 


Washington  Correspondence 


The  potash-salts  question  has  been  the 
subject  of  active  negotiation  between  the 
United  States  and  Germany  during  the 
past  week  but  no  final  solution  is  as  yet 
in  sight.  Early  in  the  week,  there  were 
long  consultations  between  the  commer- 
cial advisers  of  the  State  Department  and 
the  higher  officers  of  the  Department,  in- 
including  Secretary  Knox.  On  Dec.  17,  a 
ciibinet  meeting  was  devoted  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  question.  Representatives 
of  the  German  Kali-Syndikat  have  been  in 
the  city  presenting  their  case  through  Dr. 
J.  A.  Huston,  secretary  of  the  syndicate, 
while  a  committee  representing  the  do- 
mestic fertilizer  interests,  headed  by  Rob- 
ert S.  Bradley,  of  the  American  Agri- 
cultural Chemical  Company,  has  also 
been  here.  Both  sides  have  pressed  their 
views  upon  the  Government  with  extreme 
vigor  and  insistence. 

Of  the  methods  which  have  been  con- 
sidered for  forcing  the  question  to  a  set- 
tlement, the  predominant  one  is  that  of 
tariff  war  with  Germany  through  the  ap- 
plication of  the  maximum  rates  of  the 
Piiyne-Aldrich  law  to  German  goods  com- 
ing to  this  country.     A  second  suggested 


1250 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


method  is  that  of  attacking  the  German 
Kali-Syndikat,  which  is  organized  in  this 
country,  as  an  American  corporation  un- 
der the  Sherman  anti-trust  law.  Attorney 
General  Wickersham,  however,  does  not 
consider  this  latter  method  feasible.  An- 
other method  of  procedure  which  has 
been  suggested  is  that  of  arbitration;  re- 
ferring the  contracts  which  have  formed 
the  bone  of  contention  to  an  international 
board  for  ajudication.  The  latter  plan  is 
looked  on  with  some  favor  but  it  is  doubt- 
ful whether  Germany  would  care  to  ac- 
cept it,  inasmuch  as  it  involves  a  question 
of  Germany's  internal  legislation  which  is 
not  supposed  to  be  subject  to  adjudication 
in  a  controversy  with  another  country. 
As  for  a  tariff  war,  few  persons  suppose 
that  such  an  outcome  is  at  all  possible  as 
such  a  course  would  involve  the  adminis- 
tiation  in  controversy  likely  to  prove  very 
unpopular,  and  to  give  further  impetus  to 
the  existing  feeling  against  the  tariff. 

Meanwhile,  the  domestic  and  foreign 
interests  are  endeavoring  to  make  capital 
for  themselves,  the  one  by  showing  that 
the  effect  of  Germany's  action  will  be  to 
raise  prices  to  the  American  farmer,  the 
other  by  giving  quotations  to  show  that 
the  price  will  be  the  same  in  the  future 
that  it  has  been  in  the  past.  Dr.  Huston, 
in  a  statement  issued  here,  says  that  the 
price  now  made  by  the  German  syndicate 
here  for  muriate  of  potash  is  S37.50  per 
ton,  which  is  no  higher  than  has  been 
charged   in   the   past. 

A  Bill  Relating  to  Alaska  Placer 
Claims 

Washington  Correspondence 

Delegate  Wickersham,  of  Alaska,  has 
offered  an  important  bill  to  modify  the 
mining  laws  of  the  United  States  in  their 
application  to  the  territory  of  Alaska. 
The  bill  provides  that  no  association 
placer-mining  claim  shall  hereafter  be 
located  in  Alaska  in  excess  of  40  acres, 
and  on  every  placer-mining  claim  here- 
after located  in  Alaska  not  less  than  SlOO 
worth  of  labor  shall  be  performed,  or 
improvements  made,  during  each  year  for 
each  and  every  20  acres  or  excess  frac- 
tion thereof  in  such  claims.  Section  3  of 
the  bill  reads  as  follows: 

That  no  person  shall  hereafter  locate, 
or  cause  or  procure  to  be  located,  more 
than  two  single  20-acre  placer-mining 
claims  in  any  calendar  month,  and  not 
more  than  24  in  any  calendar  year;  nor 
shall  any  person  locate,  or  cause  or  pro- 
cure to  be  located,  for  himself  in  Alaska, 
more  than  24  placer-mining  claims  in  any 
year,  including  therein  those  located  as 
association  and  as  single  20-acre  claims 
or  fractions:  Provided,  That  no  single 
placer-mining  claim  hereafter  located  in 
Alaska  shall  be  patented  which  shall  con- 
tain a  greater  area  than  is  fixed  by  law 
nor  which  is  longer  than  three  times  its 

width. 


Clancy  Process    of  Ore  Treatment 


Before  the  meeting  of  the  New  York 
section  of  the  American  Electrochemical 
Society,  held  Dec.  16  at  the  Chemists' 
Club,  John  Collins  Clancy  read  a  pa- 
per descriptive  of  his  researches  culmiii- 
ating  in  the  discovery  of  the  new  pro- 
cess for  the  treatment  of  so  called  refrac- 
tory ores  without  roasting  or  concentra- 
tion and  for  the  treatment  of  ordinary 
ores  which  are  amenable  to  straight  cy- 
anidation. 

The  paper  opened  with  a  discus- 
sion on  the  treatment  of  Cripple 
Creek  so  called  refractory  ores  and 
showed  that  straight  cyanidation  did  not 
extract  over  60  per  cent,  of  the  content 
without  roasting  or  concentration  of  the 
undressed  ore.  The  object  of  his  first 
researches  was  to  find  a  suitable  alkaline 
solvent  which  would  dissolve  the  tel- 
lurium, in  combination  as  the  gold  tel- 
luride. 

It  is  shown  that  sodium  hypo- 
chlorite, sodium  hypoiodite  and  sodium 
hypobromite  were  all  solvents  for  the 
tellurium  in  combination  with  the  gold; 
on  account  of  the  cheapness  of  the  hypo- 
chlorite of  sodium,  this  compound  was 
tried  and  gave  good  results,  but  the  ne- 
cessity of  using  two  sets  of  solutions, 
the  fact  of  the  remnant  hypochlorite  re- 
maining in  the  ore  pulp,  and  that  this 
process  required  two  sets  of  filtering  ap- 
paratus caused  the  abandonment  of  these 
tests  for  the  time.  Tests  preliminary  to 
cyanidation  with  hypochlorite  of  sodium 
on  the  telluride  ore  gave  extractions  of 
from  85  to  90  per  cent,  of  the  gold.  The 
next  method  tried  was  the  employment 
of  a  soluble  persulphate  in  conjunction 
with  a  cyanide  solution  containing  a  sol- 
uble iodide,  which  gave  good  results,  but 
the  present  cost  of  the  persulphate  made 
this  method   prohibitive. 

Use  of  Cyanamide 
Mr.    Clancy's    equations    representing 
the  different  reactions  incyanogen-bearing 
solutions  during  the  process  have  already 
been   described   in   previous   articles.     He 
then    described    the    employment    of    the 
crude  cvanamide  of  commerce,  at  present 
used    only    as    a    fertilizer.      He    showed 
that   by   dissolving   the   crude   cyanamide 
of  commerce  in  water  (in  which  it  is  sol- 
uble to  the  extent  of  50  to  60  per  cent.), 
a   solution   could    be   obtained    which    in 
conjunction  with  other  cyanogen-bearing 
compounds,  together  with  electrolysis  of 
the  solutions,  would  dissolve  the  precious 
metals  in  chemical  combination  within  a 
few   hours.      Mr.    Clancy    explained    that 
when  cyanamide  is  electrolyzed  the  cath- 
odic  hydrogen  reduces  the  cyanamide  to 
cyanide  and  the  anodic  oxygen  oxidizes 
the  cyanide  to  cyanate,  and  that  cyanate 
formed  with  the  cyanamide  a  compound 
— mono-potassium    diamidocyanate.      To 
prevent  this  oxidation  of  the  already  pro- 
duced  cyanide,   it    was   shown   how   the 


addition  of  a  soluble  sulphocyanide  pre- 
vented the  oxidation  of  the  said  cyanide. 
It  was  also  shown  how  the  cyanide  which 
had  been  formed  into  nonavailable  cyan- 
ide compound  could  be  regenerated  into 
available  cyanide,  by  increasing  the  alka- 
linity of  the  solution  and  continuing 
electrolysis. 


Iron  Oxide  Electrodes  Used 

Mr.  Clancy  further  showed  that  em- 
ployment of  graphite  electrodes,  while 
standing  up  fairly  well  as  anodes  in  the 
above  solutions,  were  worn  away  by  the 
attrition  of  the  ore  particles  against  the 
said  electrodes  which  were  not  capable 
of  standing  a  higher  current  density  than, 
say,  10  amp.  per  sq.ft.  of  electrode  sur- 
face. He  then  showed  by  the  use  of 
melted  iron-oxide  electrodes,  that  it  was 
possible  to  obtain  a  current  density  of 
considerably  over  50  amp.  per  sq.ft.  of 
electrode  surface.  These  electrodes  were 
so  hard  and  refractory  that  they  were  not 
worn  away  by  the  attrition  of  ore  parti- 
cles. 

Estimated  Cost  of  Cyanamide  and 
Electrolysis 

The  present  cost  of  cyanamide  is  less 
than  3c.  per  lb.,  and  it  is  estimated  that 
when  this  is  in  general  use  for  metallur- 
gical purposes,  it  may  be  produced 
It  even  a  lower  cost,  and  as  Mr.  Clancy 
indicated  that  it  would  require  but  two 
pounds  of  cyanamide  in  conjunction  with 
nonavailable  cyanogen-bearing  solutions 
to  do  their  work  of  the  usual  1  to  12 
lb.  of  cyanide. 

Added  to  this  cost  is  the  cost  of  elec- 
trical energy  necessary  for  the  electro- 
lysis. The  cost  of  electrical  energy  for 
this  purpose  is  said  to  work  out  at  about 
lOc.  per  ton  of  ore  treated.  This  added 
to  the  cost  of  cyanogen-bearing  material 
and  regeneration,  makes  a  total  of  about 
16c.  per  ton  of  ore. 

The  subject  was  briefly  discussed  by 
Dr.  John  Woods  Beckman,  chemical  en- 
gineer of  the  American  Cyanamide  Com- 
pany, of  Niagara  Falls,  Ont.;by  Dr.  N. 
S.  Keith,  of  Philadelphia,  and  by  Prof. 
J.  W.  Richards. 

At  the  same  meeting  the  "Fixation  of 
Atmospheric  Nitrogen,"  was  reviewed  by 
Dr.  E.  F.  Roeber,  and  the  subject  formed 
the  occasion  of  extended  discussion  by 
the  members  of  the  society. 


The  Hungarian  Government  last  year 
bought  extensive  coal-mining  areas  in 
Transylvania  and  Croatia,  and  about  $6,- 
000.000  is  to  be  spent  in  connection  with 
these  properties  under  the  direction  of 
the  Minister  of  Finance.  Manufacturers 
of  machinery  will  consequently  be  inter- 
ested in  the  international  exposition  to  be 
held  at  Budapest  during  May  and  June, 
1911;  the  principal  mines  taken  over  last 
year  were  in  the  comitais  of  Baranya  and 
Veszprem. 


December  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1251 


Reducing   Mining   Costs   and  Increasing  Profits 

Remarkable  Reduction  Has  Been  Made  in  Cost  of  Treatment  of  Sulpho- 
Telluride  Ores  of  Cripple  Creek  District.      Further  Reduction  Predicted 


B  Y 


PHILIP 


A  R  G  A  L  L 


We  are  here  tonight  to  help  celebrate, 
starting  into  successful  work  the  second 
unit  of  Stratton's  Independence  mill.  We 
thus  reach  an  important  point,  not  alone 
in  the  history  of  our  own  mine,  but  also 
in  the  history  of  the  Cripple  Creek  dis- 
trict; the  pioneer  work  is  accomplished 
and  wet  milling  of  $3  sulpho-telluride 
ores  established  as  a  profitable  industry, 
away  up  here  in  the  mountains  where 
milling  supplies  are  charged  all  the  traffic 
will  bear. 

Most  of  you  have  contributed,  in  one 
way  or  another,  your  knowledge,  strength 
and  experience  to  help  obtain  this  great 
result;  though  several  of  those  who 
started  out  with  us  in  the  summer  of 
1907,  in  what  was  then  called  by  hotel 
experts  and  club  loungers  "the  metal- 
T  lurgical  impossibility,"  have  moved  to 
other  scenes  and  assumed  new  responsi- 
bilities, while  others  again  are  of  the 
"eleventh  hour,"  having  but  recently 
joined  our  ranks  and  taken  up  their  po- 
sitions in  the  mill;  to  these  younger  men 
we  look  with  expectant  interest,  for  new 
ideas  and  for  renewed  energy  which  may 
lead  to  greater  efficiency  in  al4  depart- 
■nents. 

At  such  a  time  as  this  one  may  be 
pardoned  for  pausing  in  retrospective 
iiood  to  view  again  the  point  from  which 
le  journeyed  and  perhaps  push  the  ten- 
acles  of  thought  out  into  the  uncertain 
uture,  to  see  in  vision,  as  it  were,  the 
'Itimate  metallurgical  destiny  of  wet 
lulling  the  sulpho-telluride  ores  of 
>ipple  Creek. 

Early   Work   in    Cyanidation 

Eighteen  years  ago  I  first  became  in- 
erested  in  cyanidation  and  soon  there- 
fter  accepted  the  position  of  consulting 
ngineer  to  the  company  holding  the  Mc- 
.rthur-Forrest  patents  for  America.  I 
lade  my  initial  trip  to  Deadwood.  S.  D., 
)  examine  into,  and  advise  on  unexpected 
oubles  that  cropped  up  in  the  first 
vanide  mill  built  in  the  Black  hills,  the 
res  of  which  were  so  favorable  to  cyan- 
ation;  nevertheless,  the  first  mill  erected 
as  for  a  time  a  failure  and  but  few,  if 
iy,  foresaw  the  brilliant  future  for  the 
anide  process  in  that  great  mining  dis- 
ict.  My  second  trip  was  to  Cripple 
reek,  where  a  small  cyanide  plant  had 
•en  erected,  later  called  the  Brodie  mill, 
lis  mill   failed   to   give   the   results  ex- 


1 

I 


ViTK— Addrps.s  at  lianciu.'t  in  <-p|i>lii-allon 
tlrst  month's  run  <if  llii>  spcond  unit  of 
ration  s  Inilppendi'nip  mill, 
•ronsultlni;  onglnwr  for  Strntton's  Inde- 
mlonrp,  l.tcl  ri'hilli)  ArKall  &  .Sons.  Majestic 
lldlng.    DcnviT,    Colo.) 


pccted,  as  had  also  the  one  at  Deadwood, 
and  for  precisely  the  same  reason.  The 
ground  ore  could  not  be  leached.  Im- 
proved crushing  machinery,  however, 
solved  the  problem  in  both  cases,  and  the 
Brodie  mill  struggled  along  for  some  time 
at  a  capacity  of  15  tons  per  day,  later 
raised  to  30  to  50,  and  ultimately,  I  be- 
lieve, to   100  tons  per  day. 

In  the  spring  of  1894  we  had  no  diffi- 
culty in  procuring  a  full  supply  of  ore 
for  the  Brodie  mill,  containing  about  1 
oz.  per  ton,  for  which  the  mill  received 
S15  per  ton  treatment  charge  and  needed 
every  cent  of  it.  My  connection  with  this 
mill,  though  short,  was  ample  to  convince 
me  that  cyanidation  had  a  great  future 
in  the  metallurgy  of  Cripple  Creek  ores. 
I  consequently  experimented  quite  ex- 
tensively with  the  telluride  ores;  worked 
out,  wrote  up  and  published  the  identical 
method  of  treatment  now  in  use  at  Strat- 
ton's Independence  mill  and  proclaimed 
the  cyanide  process  the  most  suitable 
all-round  method  for  treating  Cripple 
Creek  ores,  a  thesis  I  stoutly  maintained 
with  tongue  and  pen  against  all  comers, 
until  the  use  of  cyanide  became  universal 
in   the   milling  of  Cripple  Creek  ores. 

Introduction  of  Roasting 

The  fall  of  1904  found  me  engaged  in 
building  the  first  large  custom  mill  for 
the  direct  cyanidation  of  telluride  ores, 
while  the  following  year  I  introduced 
roasting  as  an  important  step  in  cyanid- 
ing  sulpho-tellurides. 

The  Metallic  works,  also  a  pioneer  in 
Cripple  Creek  metallurgy,  ultimately 
reached  a  capacity  of  10,000  tons  per 
month  and  at  the  close  of  my  engage- 
ment, January,  1901,  had  treated  almost 
half  a  million  tons  of  Cripple  Creek  ore, 
mostly  by  the  roasting  process,  and  had 
from  the  first  earned  good  dividends  on 
the  investment,  and  this  in  the  face  of  a 
steadily  decreasing  treatment  charge. 

From  my  first  connection  with  Cripple 
Creek  milling  to  the  close  of  1900,  the 
average  treatment  charge  had  been  re- 
duced 50  per  cent,  and  it  must  be  con- 
ceded that  the  works  of  the  Metallic  Ex- 
traction Company  were  an  important  fac- 
tor in  this  great  reduction.  Were  I  re- 
lating a  personal  narrative  or  holding 
forth  on  my  varied  experience  in  cyanida- 
tion, I  would  next  direct  your  attention 
to  Mexico,  to  Canada  and  to  other  coun- 
tries. I  am,  however,  merely  tracing  the 
progress  in  cyaniding  Cripple  Creek  ores 
and  incidentally,  though  briefly,  noting 
my  own  pioneer  work  in  that  connection. 
Suffice  it  to  say  then,  I  returned  to  this 


field  of  activity  in  1906  and  early  the  fol- 
lowing year  took  up  the  greatest  ore- 
treatment  problem  of  my  life.  To  under- 
stand it  clearly,  it  might  be  permissible 
to  say  that  at  the  Metallic  Extraction 
Company's  works  near  Florence,  where 
fuel  and  general  supplies  were  reason- 
able, the  climate  mild  and  water  abundant, 
I  had  gotten  the  ore-treatment  cost  down 
to  what  I  then  considered  a  low  figure. 

Problem   at   Stratton's   Independence 

The  problem  involved  in  Stratton's  In- 
dependence dump,  however,  contemplated 
the  profitable  treatment  of  an  ore — in- 
cluding mining  it  in  the  dump  and  con- 
veying it  to  the  mill — the  total  value  of 
which  was  less  than  our  average  cost  for 
treating  a  ton  of  ore  in  the  Metallic 
works  in  the  year  of  grace,  1900.  Here, 
then,  was  a  problem  of  some  magnitude 
and  I  will  frankly  admit  that  it  was  only 
the  quantity  available  in  the  dump,  some- 
thing like  a  million  tons,  that  induced  me 
to  tackle  the  problem  at  all.  Roasting 
was,  of  course,  out  of  the  question  on 
account  of  the  cost;  so  I  went  back  to 
my  old  concentration  tests  of  1894,  and 
found  that  modern  concentrators  and  fine 
grinding,  then  possible,  gave  encouraging 
results,  a  long  series  of  experiments 
proving  to  my  satisfaction  that  35  per 
cent,  of  the  gold  value  could  be  removed 
as  concentrate  from  average  dump  ore, 
and,  strange  to  say,  cyanide  would  extract 
a  similar  percentage.  Next  came  the 
cost  of  the  method,  to  determine  which 
I  had  to  draw  on  previous  experience  in 
concentrating  and  cyaniding  on  a  large 
scale. 

Finally  having  proved  my  experimental 
work  in  all  particulars,  I  cabled  the  com- 
pany, in  March,  1907,  that  a  mill  of  10,- 
000  tons  monthly  capacity  could  treat 
the  dump  ore  by  the  proposed  method  at 
a  cost  of  SI. 50  per  ton,  obtaining  a 
yield  of  70  per  cent,  of  the  contained  gold. 
Those  figures,  as  you  know,  have  been 
exceeded  in  actual  milling  results,  and 
still  higher  extraction  is  attainable  by 
finer  grinding,  but  with  the  present  cost 
of  power  and  supplies  is  scarcely  justified 
from  a  commercial  point  of  view. 

The  method  used  in  our  mill — we  have 
never  called  it  a  process — is  but  a  com- 
bination of  well  known  devices  and 
chemicals  to  obtain  the  desired  end;  we 
have  no  secrets,  chemical  or  otherwise, 
and  from  the  first  day  the  plant  has  been 
open  to  the  inspection  of  metallurgists 
and  all  information  or  data  asked  for  by 
responsible  men  have  been  frankly  rup- 
plied. 


1252 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


Costs  Reduced  from  $15  to  S1.50  per 
Ton 

The  stride  from  a  S15  per  ton  milling 
cost  in  1894  to  a  cost  of  S1.50  per  ton 
in  1910  is  a  great  and  never-to-be-re- 
peated one.  Still,  I  believe  the  milling  of 
low-grade  sulpho-telluride  ore  is  today  in 
its  infancy;  improvements  in  machinery 
and  methods  will  come  along  as  surely 
as  day  follows  night,  making  toward 
higher  efficiency,  better  extraction  and 
lower  working  cost.  For  the  straight  wet 
milling  of  sulpho-telluride  ores  a  S1.25 
working  cost  is  now  in  sight  on  a  basis 
of  treating  10,000  tons  per  month,  while 
the  dollar  milling  cost  is  perhaps  not  far 
distant  and  could  possibly  be  attained  in 
a  well  designed  plant  treating  not  less 
than  15,000  tons  per  month;  in  neither 
estimate,  however,  is  amortization  taken 
into  account;  they  cover  only  the  bare 
milling  and  maintenance  cost. 

Independence   Mill  Treating  Old 
Dumps 

Stratton's  Independence  mill,  delayed 
for  a  time  through  financial  reasons, 
started  up  in  April,  1909,  with  a  nominal 
capacity  of  4500  tons  per  month,  enlarged 
in  December  of  that  year  to  7000  tons, 
and  with  the  addition  of  the  complete 
second  unit  last  month,  reached  a  capa- 
city of  9000  tons. 

The  mill,  through  the  energy  and 
ability  of  the  staff,  was  profitably  op- 
erated from  the  start,  and  is  now  earning 
10  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  capital 
of  the  company,  and  has  treated  to  date 
120.000  tons  of  dump  rock,  sufficient,  I 
believe,  to  take  it  out  of  the  class  of 
"metallurgical  impossibilities,"  if  not  es- 
tablish it  as  one  of  the  chief  industries 
of  the  Cripple  Creek  district.  We  all, 
more  or  less,  realize  what  the  local  mill- 
ing of  the  low-grade  ores  means  to 
Cripple  Creek.  It  does  not  offer  a  large 
or  immediate  reward  to  the  mine  owner, 
but  on  the  contrary  calls  for  a  consider- 
able expenditure  of  capital;  hence,  the 
development  of  low-grade  ore  milling 
must  proceed  conservatively  along  the 
lines  of  consolidation  of  small  properties 
or  joint  milling  on  a  cooperative  basis. 
Milling  the  low-grade  ores  in  the  district 
does,  however,  mean  the  maintaining  of, 
and  possibly  an  increase  in.  the  output 
of  shipping  ore;  the  prolongation  of  the 
life  of  the  camp,  I  might  say,  indefinitely; 
the  steady  employment  of  large  numbers 
of  men  in  the  mines  and  mills  and  the 
purchase  of  vast  quantities  of  supplies. 
In  a  word,  high-grade  production  tends 
to  make  millionaires;  the  low-grade,  a 
populous,  prosperous  and  permanent 
community.  The  Cripple  Creek  district 
will.  I  hope,  continue  to  give  us  both. 
I  believe,  gentlemen,  you  will  ever  find 
cause  for  congratulation  in  the  fact  that 
you  were  pioneers  in  this  low-grade  mill- 
inj;  industry.  Your  work  has  shown  that 
sulpho-telluride  ore  can  be  concentrated. 


that  the  tailings  from  the  concentrator  can 
be  cyanided  and  ores  running  less  than 
S3  per  ton  can  be  milled  at  a  profit;  and 
I  sincerely  thank  you  for  your  coopera- 
tion and  assistance  in  this  great  work — 
second  to  nothing  that  has  ever  been 
undertaken  in  the  Cripple  Creek  dis- 
trict— where  you  blazed  the  way  others 
can  safely  follow,  successfully  copy  and, 
let  us  hope,  in  time  improve. 

Value  of  an  Intelligent  Board  of 
Directors 

Nevertheless,  I  would  not  have  you 
forget  that  great  as  has  been  our  re- 
sponsibility and  arduous  the  work,  yet  I 
believe  the  ultimate  credit  is  due  to  the 
directors  of  Stratton's  Independence,  Ltd., 
who  eight  years  ago,  realizing  that  one- 
fifth  of  the  production  of  their  mine  was 
finding  its  way  into  the  ore-house  d  mp, 
started  research  work  looking  towa;  its 
recovery;  first,  by  electro-cyanide  n.jth- 
ods,  later  by  erecting  and  operating,  an 
experimental  plant  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
S60,000,  and  experimenting  in  various 
ways  for  fully  four  years;  lastly,  sanc- 
tioning the  expenditure  of  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  million  dollars  in  the  plant 
we  erected  and  are  now  operating. 

At  all  times  I  felt  I  had  in  our  ooard 
real  men  behind  me,  gentlemen  who  sup- 
ported and  encouraged  me  at  every  step 
and  who  never  lost  confidence  in  the 
ultimate  outcome  of  the  undertaking,  even 
when  advised  by  interested  people  from 
this  district  that  they  were  wasting  their 
resources  in  metallurgical  impossibilities. 
To  these  gentlemen  is  due,  then,  the  full 
credit  for  introducing  low-grade  milling 
into  the  Cripple  Creek  district  and  it  is 
through  their  keen  business  acumen  that 
success  has  been  achieved  and  that  we 
are  here  tonight  to  celebrate  it,  even  at  a 
time  when  others  continue  to  use  their 
low-grade  ore  to  ballast  railways  and  fill 
waste  places  along  the  right  of  way. 
Much  has  been  said  and  written  ot  late 
about  the  great  and  little-understood 
doctrine  of  conservation,  but  here  is  true 
conservation,  the  creation  of  a  great  and 
profitable  industry  from  the  waste  rock 
of  yesterday.  A  new  era  is  dawning  over 
the  Cripple  Creek  district,  local  milling 
is  firmly  established  by  two  great  mills, 
the  largest  ever  erected  in  the  district. 
This,  however,  is  but  the  beginning  of 
home  treatment,  which,  I  believe,  will 
rapidly  expand  in  the  near  future  and 
soon  cover  the  entire  field.  Cyanogen  is 
king! 


Exploration    of    Oil   Lands 


Washington  Correspondence 


Senator  Smoot  has  introduced  a  bill 
(S904)  to  provide  for  permits  to  explore 
for  oil  and  gas  on  unappropriated  and 
withdrawn  lands.     The  bill  provides: 

"That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is 
hereby  authorized,  under  such  regulations 
as  he  may  prescribe,  to  grant  to  any 
person,  association  or  corporation  quali- 
fied by  law  to  acquire  title  to  mineral 
lands  of  the  United  States  a  permit  to 
explore  and  prospect  for  oil  or  gas, 
or  both,  upon  any  land  of  the  United 
States  open  to  mineral  exploration,  in- 
cluding lands  withdrawn  pending  legisla- 
tion: Provided,  however.  That  the  lands 
covered  by  any  such  permit  shall  be  in  a 
compact  body,  not  over  four  miles  in  ex- 
treme length,  and  shall  not  exceed  1280 
acres,  and  no  more  than  one  permit  shall 
at  any  one  time  be  held  by  any  person, 
association,  or  corporation:  Provided] 
further.  That  no  person  who  is  a  member 
or  stockholder  of  any  association  or  cor- 
poration which  holds  any  permit,  or  ex- 
tension or  renewal  thereof,  nor  any  asso- 
ciation or  corporation  any  member  or 
stockholder  of  w-hich  is  the  holder  of  any 
such  permit  or  renewal  or  extension 
thereof,  shall  be  qualified  to  apply  for  or 
hold  a  permit,  or  to  apply  for  or  hold  any 
renewal  or  extension  of  a  permit:  Pro- 
vided further.  That  the  applicant  shall 
at  the  time  of  filing  the  original  applica- 
tion pay  to  the  register  and  receiver  a 
fee  equal  to  5c.  per  acre  of  the  lands 
upon  which  permit  to  explore  and  pros- 
pect is  sought." 


A  subsidiary  company  of  the  St.  Ives 
Consolidated  Mines,  in  England,  is  now 
extracting  radium  from  pitch-blende  ores 
from  the  Treuwith  mines  in  Cornwall. 
A  process  devised  by  Sir  William  Ram- 
say is  used,  and  it  is  claimed  that  radium 
can  be  extracted  about  six  times  as  fast 
as  by  the  best  Continental   processes. 


The  United   States  Geological 
Survey 

The  annual  report  of  the  director  o 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  fo 
the  year  ended  June  30,  1910,  is  now  ii 
press.  It  reviews  the  growth  of  the  Sur 
vey's  work  during  the  31  years  of  it 
existence.  It  states  that  the  trend  of  thi 
day  is  distinctly  toward  the  economic,  am 
this  report  endeavors  to  combine  th' 
pure-science  work  with  that  which  has 
strictly   utilitarian  bearing. 

The  report  reviews  the  work  done  i 
valuing  coal  lands  and  placing  these  0 
the  market  on  a  tonnage  basis.  The  with 
drawal  of  oil  lands  and  power  sites  an 
the  classification  of  Western  phosphat 
lands  are  subjects  that  are  brought  ov 
in  detail. 

The  work  of  the  topographic  an 
geologic  departments,  with  special  refei 
ence  to  the  work  in  Alaska  is  given  quit 
fully.  It  is  stated  that  during  the  ye^i 
36,539  sq.mi.  in  the  United  States  propt 
were  topographically  surveyed,  pre 
liminary  to  detailed  geologic  investigii 
tions. 


I 


December  24,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1253 


Hydrometallurgical   Operations   at    Cobalt 

Thirteen  Operating  Mills  Treat  Over   1000   Tons  per  24  Hours.      Hand 
Sorting,  Jigging,  Table  Concentration,  Sliming  and  Cyanidation  Employed 


B  Y 


JOHN 


The  engineer  making  his  first  visit  to 
Cobalt  will  be  surprised  at  the  magnitude 
and  character  of  the  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical operations  being  conducted  there. 
The  surprise  will  be  particularly  great 
to  the  metallurgist  unless  he  has  kept 
himself  exceptionally  well  posted  on 
Cobalt  operations. 

Thirteen  Mills  Now  Operating 

At  present  there  are  13  mills  and 
crushing  plants  operating  in  Cobalt.     A 


TYSSOWSKI* 


Hardinge  mills  and  tables;  O'Brien,  jigs, 
30  stamps,  two  Hardinge  mills  and  slimes 
cyanide  equipment;  Colonial,  jigs,  10 
stamps  and  tables;  King  Edward,  jigs, 
10  stamps  and  tables;  Silver  Cliff,  jigs, 
rolls,  Hardinge  mill  and  tables;  Nova 
Scotia,  20  stamps,  two  tube  mills,  amal- 
gamating pan  and  slimes  cyanide  equip- 
ment; Cobalt  Central,  jigs,  rolls,  Hard- 
inj^e  mill  and  tables;  Temiskaming,  jigs, 
30  stamps  and  tables;  Nipissing  Reduc- 
tion Works,  jigs,  rolls.  Hardinge  mill  and 


lurgists  at  Cobalt,  it  should  be  realized 
that  they  had  to  work  out  and  develop 
their  treatment  scheme  absolutely  alone. 
They  had  no  precedents  to  guide  them 
for  the  Cobalt  ores  are  peculiar  unto 
themselves.  Smaltite,  niccolite,  chloan- 
tnite,  argentite,  pyrargyrite,  dyscrasite, 
erythrite,  annabergite,  millerite,  bismuth, 
tetrahedrite,  mispickel,  chalcopyrite,  ga- 
lena and  other  less  common  minerals 
have  been  identified  in  the  Cobalt  ores, 
but    it    is,    I    believe,    commonly    agreed 


CoNiACAS  AND  Temiskaming  Mills 


O'Brien  and  Trethewey  Concentrators,  Cobalt,  Ont. 


complete  list  of  these  with  the  equip- 
ment of  each  is  as  follows:  Hudson  Bay, 
jigs,  20  stamps  and  concentrating  tables; 
Trethewey,  jigs,  30  stamps,  tables  and 
tube  mill;  Coniagas,  jigs,  60  stamps  and 
ta'jles;  Buffalo,  jigs,  rolls,  Chilean  mill, 
Hardinge  mill  and  slimes  cyanide  equip- 
ment; Northern  Customs,  jigs,  50  stamps 
•  four  Nissenl  and  tables;  McKinlcy-Dar- 
igh-Savage,   jigs,  30  stamps,  tube   and 

•Mining  PiiKlnoer.   Pdltorlal   slafT'.    i;.v<;.  ami 
MiN.   .TuiiiN. 


concentrating  tables.  The  total  rated  ca- 
pacity of  these  mills  is  about  1430  tons, 
and  probably  1000  tons  are  milled  every 
24  hours.  A  description  of  all  the  metal- 
lurgical operations  at  Cobalt  is  impos- 
sible here,  but  I  do  desire  to  bring  out 
some  interesting  notes  on  Cobalt  hydro- 
metallurgical  practice. 

Cobalt  a  New  Field  for  Metallurgists 

To     appreciate     properly     the     milling 
problems  encountered  by  the  early  metal- 


by  those  who  have  made  careful  studies 
of  the  mineralogic  character  of  the  ores 
that  practically  all  of  the  silver  occurs 
in  the  native  state.  Sometimes,  the  silver 
is  so  intimately  mixed  with  the  smaltite 
and  other  minerals  as  to  be  indistinguish- 
able from  them  by  the  naked  eye;  but  al- 
most always  this  is  a  physical  rather  than 
a  chemical  mixture. 

As  a  result  of  the  peculiar  and  here- 
tofore unknown  character  of  the  ore,  the 
metallurgists       working       independently 


1254 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


evolved  various  treatment  schemes;  the 
problem  was  approached  from  many  dif- 
ferent viewpoints.  At  first  the  idea  was 
merely  to  sort  out  the  high  grade  for 
shipment  to  the  smelters,  and  as  a  con- 
sequence to  mine  only  such  ore  as  would 
give  a  profit  under  these  conditions.  This 
policy  in  most  cases  soon  proved  a  short- 
sighted one,  and  with  the  mining  of  ore 
of  lower  grade  closer  extraction  was  ne- 
cessitated. 

Crown  Reserve  Plant  the  Simplest 
Type 

The  first  stage  of  the  development  of 
Cobalt  metallurgical  practice  is  illustrated 
in  the  surface  plant  at  the  Crown  Re- 
serve. At  this  mine  ore  from  which  lumps 
and  sheets  of  practically  pure  silver  have 
been  picked  is  put  through  a  No.  2 
Austin  gyratory  crusher,  and  then 
screened  in  a  trommel  making  three 
sizes;  through  K'  in.,  through  1  in.  and 
oversize.  Ore  from  the  crusher  aver- 
ages about  25  to  40  oz.  silver  per  ton; 
fines  from  the  trommel,  60  ounces. 

The  oversize  material  is  picked  and  the 
rejects  put  on  the  mill  dump,  where  about 
20,000  tons  of  15-oz.  ore  are  now  stacked 
for  later  treatment.  The  picked  ore,  which 
averages  close  to  5000  oz.  per  ton,  is 
sacked  for  shipment.  The  ]1<-  to  1-in. 
material  from  the  trommel  is  fed  to  two 
Richards  jigs.  The  hutch  product  from 
the  No.  1  jig  will  run  about  4400  oz.  and 
from  the  No.  2  jig,  3200  oz.  Jig  tails  go 
to  the  stock  pile.  The  fines  from  the 
trommel  are  put  through  a  12-mesh 
screen,  and  the  oversize  "reground.  This 
material,  which  only  amounts  to  about 
six  tons  a  day,  is  then  fed  to  one  Wilfley 
table,  which  makes  about  30  lb.  of  a 
3000-oz.  concentrate  every  24  hours. 

Ri^Tio  OF  Concentration    Extremely 
High 

This  is  the  crudest  sort  of  a  concen- 
trating operation,  where  a  15-oz.  tailing 
is  run  to  waste;  but  owing  to  the  re- 
markably high  grade  of  the  ore  produced 
at  the  Crown  Reserve,  the  total  recovery 
from  this  process  is  high.  Assuming  a 
total  production  of  8,000,000  oz.  to  date 
for  the  mine  and  that  the  stock  pile  con- 
tains 300,000  oz.,  it  is  evident  that  the 
recovery  attained  has  been  close  to  95  per 
cent.  The  ratio  of  concentration  in  this 
crude  operation  is  over  1:100.  The  high 
extraction  is  explained  by  the  occurrence 
of  exceptionally  high-grade  ore  and  the 
large  percentage  of  silver  that  is  picked 
from  the  run-of-mine,  rather  than  by  any 
excellence  of  the  milling  operations.  The 
roll  mills  are  practically  only  mechanical 
sorting  plants  in  which  the  object  is 
to  obtain  a  high-grade  shipping  product. 

Creditable   Results  Achieved  at  the 
Northern  Customs  Concentrator 

Data  on  the  operations  of  the  North- 
ern Customs  concentrator,  treating  La 
Rose  ore,  for  the  period  Sept.   18,   1909, 


Mine 

ffi  j'Guzzly 
Ovfraize  dnderaize 


400-ton 

Storage  Bin 


10  X  16  "Blake 
Crusher  (3") 

Elevator 

I 
50-ton  Bin 

Wall  Type  Feeder 

I 
No.  4  Austin 
Crusher  (1' j") 


Trommel 


r 

Oversize 


Hi-cli  Gra.le       Picking 
— Belt 


1'4 

4-  2  Compartment 
Bull  Jies 


3  mm.  Trommel 

OversizL-    |       Through 


Elevator 


Shipped 


Robbins 
Portable  Conveyer 


Hutch  I  Talis  | 

2-  2  Compartment 
Jigs 

Huuhl    Tails 


'  I         ^ 


1 

Drag 

Classifier 

SauJs    I     Blimea 


1- Wilfley 
Table 

OODCCntrates   I         TaiTa 


Shipped 


Dewatering  Bucket 
Elevator 


60 -Stamps 

,   I 

6-  3  Callow 

Cones 


Spigot 


12  Sand 
Tables 


i-  8  Callow 
Tanks 
Spigot       I 


Shipped  I 
2- No.  2  Dei 


LnddlingB  Tails 

Ster 


2-  No.  3  Deister 
Slime  Tables 

Heiuls      I      Tails 


Tables 

Shipped       Heads       |         Tails      ^ 


Sliipped 


Drag  Classifier 


J  Centrifugal  Pumps 


5-  8  Callow 
Tanks 

pigot        I        t)vcrflow 


4-  No.  3  Deister 
Slimc.Tables 


Bblppcd   Head 


_^To  Canvas 


Plant 

(I.M.r) 


T>it  l.'n^ineering  f  Mining  Jtmrnat 

Flow  Sheet  of  Coniagas  Mill,  Cobalt,  Ont. 


December  24,   1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1255 


to  May  31,  UMO,  show  what  can  be  ac- 
complished in  a  mill  of  this  type.  The 
mill  treated  18,423  dry  tons  of  ore  aver- 
aging 25.58  oz.  silver  per  ton.  The  mill 
tailings  ran  3.68  oz.,  thus  meaning  a  re- 
covery of  79.12  per  cent.  The  ratio  of 
concentration  was  29.3:  1.  Milling  was 
accomplished  at  a  cost  of  S3.32  per  ton 
of  ore  treated.  The  method  of  sampling 
employed  in  arriving  at  the  recovery  fig- 
ures is  unknown  to  me,  so  I  do  not  vouch 
for  these  figures,  but  assume  they  are 
correct. 

CoNiAGAs  Mill  Employs  Crushing,  Jig- 
ging AND  Table  Concentration 

The  further  development  of  Cobalt 
metallurgical  practice  is  illustrated  in 
those  mills  where  closer  concentration  is 


from  the  "bull"  jig  is  elevated  and  passes 
through  the  system  to  a  Wilfley  table. 
Jig  concentrates  run  over  1000  oz.  and 
probably  60  per  cent,  of  the  silver  is  re- 
covered before  stamping.  The  battery 
heads  only  assay  from  14  to  18  oz.  sil- 
ver per  ton. 

The  stamps  in  this  mill  weigh  1250  lb. 
and  are  dropped  7  to  T/:  in.  100  times 
per  min.,  using  a  4-in.  discharge.  Water 
is  fed  in  about  the  ratio  of  10  tons  of 
water  to  one  ton  of  ore;  16-mesh  screens 
are  used  and  screen  analysis  of  the  bat- 
tery pulp  shows  only  a  small  percent- 
age of  the  material  on  20-mesh.  The 
Callow-type  settlers  remove  the  excess 
water  which  contains  only  15  per  cent, 
slimes,  assaying  about  20  oz.  silver  per 

'nn. 


Mine 


Picking  Belt 

Gates  Crusher 

Trommel 

S-.Mcali j Oversize 


1  -  Table 
Couceutratea  I  Tnils 


Shipped 


4  Bull  Jies 

Hutch  Taili 


Finishing  Jig 

nutcb    I    Tails 


Shipped 


Belt  Distributer 
and  Dewaterer 


30 -Stamps 


2- Compartment 

Bo.\  Classifier 

I 


6- James  Tables 

Concentrntes  Talis 


Shipped 


Tube  Mill 


Cone  Classifier 

Spigot  I ilimts 


3 -Callow  Tanks 
SpJKot 1     '->vernow 


6- James  Slime 
Tables 


Coucentratcs 


Shipped 


Wuitc  Water  Supply 


Flow  Sheet  of  Trethewey  Concentrator,  Cobalt,  Ont. 


mployed.  In  this  connection  the  Con- 
agas  and  Trethewey  mills  are  interest- 
!ig:  The  former  as  one  where  crushing, 
igging  and  table  concentration  are  em- 
loyed;  the  latter  on  account  of  the  ad- 
itional  fine  grinding  of  the  ore  in  a 
Jbe  mill. 
A  complete  flow  sheet  of  the  Coniagas 
lant  is  shown  in  an  accompanying  draw- 
ig.  The  mil!  heads  at  this  plant  average 
rom  30  to  40  oz.  per  ton,  and  the  ore 
icked  above  the  jigs  will  average  about 
300   oz.    per    ton.      The    hutch    product 


Deister  Concentrating  Tables  Used 

The  primary  tables  on  the  sand-table 
floor  make  a  2000-oz.  concentrate  and  9 
to  12  oz.  tailings.  As  indicated  on  the 
flow  sheet,  the  middlings  from  1 1  No.  2 
Deister  and  one  Wilfley  table  are  re- 
treated on  two  extra  Deisters.  Tailings 
from  both  series  of  tables  show  about 
4  to  5  per  cent,  slimes  finer  than  200 
mesh,  assaying  7  to  9  oz.  silver.  It 
should  be  stated,  however,  that  F.  D. 
Reid,  mill    superintendent,    in    a    recent 


communication,  writes  that  by  making 
several  minor  changes  in  the  flow  shee* 
a  marked  reduction  in  the  silver  con- 
tent of  the  tailings  has  been  accom- 
plished. The  sands  only  run  3  to  4!/; 
oz.  silver  per  ton. 

The  feed  to  the  first  No.  3  Deister 
slime  tables,  made  up  of  thickened  over- 
flow from  the  drag  classifier  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  mill  and  from  the  3-ft.  Cal- 
Inw-type  cones  taking  the  battery  dis- 
charge, will  assay  as  high  as  25  oz.  per 
ton.  Tailings  from  these  tables  joins 
the  overflow  from  another  drag  classifier 
that  treats  the  sand-table  tailings,  and 
gets  a  retreatment  on  a  second  series  of 
Deister  slimes  after  first  being  thickened 
in  8-ft.  Callows.  The  feed  to  the  second 
slime  tables  is  9-  to  12-oz.  material  and 
a  1500-oz.  concentrate  is  made. 

It  is  probable  that  all  overflow  from 
Callow  tanks  and  tails  from  slime  tables 
will  be,  at  some  time  in  the  future,  run 
over  a  canvas  plant.  At  present  the  total 
extraction  in  the  mine  and  mill,  including 
sorting,  picking  out  of  high  grade  and 
concentrating,  is  close  to  90  per  cent.  The 
mill  probably  makes  a  75  per  cent,  ex- 
traction, although  it  is  impossible  to  be 
sure  of  this  figure,  on  account  of  the 
crude  sampling  methods  that  are  em- 
ployed. 

Pomi'er  Consumption  in  Coniagas  Mill 
6  H.P.  per  Stamp 

The  motor  equipment  in  this  mill  is  as 
follows:  One  100-h.p.  motor  (80  h.p. 
used  I  on  each  30  stamps;  one  100-h.p. 
motor  (60  h.p.  used)  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  mill  for  jigs,  etc.;  three  10-h.p.  and 
one  5-h.p.  motor  on  the  tables;  and  a  3- 
h.p.  motor  on  the  Robbins  distributer. 
This  means  that  only  6  h.p.  per  stamp  are 
used  in  the  mill.  The  motors  on  the  bat- 
teries are  provided  with  silent  chain 
drives. 

Portion  of  Sand  Tailings  Slimed  in 
Trethewey  Mill 
In  the  Trethewey  mill,  the  general 
scheme  of  milling  is  similar  to  that  in 
the  Coniagas  up  to  the  point  of  table 
concentration.  The  sands  from  two- 
compartment  box  classifiers  go  to  James 
tables;  any  desired  proportion  of  the  tail- 
ings from  these  tables  is  cut  out  for 
regrinding  in  a  tube  mill,  the  remainder 
being  sent  to  the  James  slime  tables. 
Classified  pulp  from  the  tube  mill  joins 
the  overflow  from  the  first  box  classifiers 
after  the  batteries  and  flows  to  Callow 
thickeners,  the  spigot  product  from  which 
is  concentrated  on  James  slime  tables. 
It  is  claimed  that  the  regrinding  mater- 
ially increases  the  recovery,  but  it  is  a 
question  in  my  mind  if  it  does  not  cost 
at  least  as  much  as  it  is  worth  to  re- 
cover this  additional  silver.  The  cost 
of  recovering  the  silver  from  Cobalt  ores 
is,  in  most  cases,  uncertain,  owing  to  the 
nature  of  the  ore  and  consequent  diffi- 
culty of  accurate  sampling.     As  a  result 


1256 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


there  is  continual  discussion  between 
those  who  advocate  simple  concentration 
and  those  who  favor  cyaniding  of  the 
tailings  from  concentrating  devices. 

Cyanidation  of  Table  Tailings  Adopted 
AT  O'Brien  Mill 

In  the  O'Brien  mill  the  ore  is  crushed  in 
solution  and  slimed  in  Hardinge's  pebble 
mills,  after  which  it  is  concentrated  to 
take  out  the  metallics  and  finally  given 
a  cyanide  treatment.  Of  the  total 
recovery  in  the  mil!  (preliminary  picking 
is  credited  to  the  mine)  20  per  cent,  is 
made  on  the  jigs,  30  on  the  tables  and  50 
by  cyanidation. 

The  stamps  in  the  O'Brien  weigh  1250 
lb.  and  are  dropped  lyi  in.  100  times  per 
min.  Crushing  to  8  mesh  they  have  a  ca- 
pacity of  3><  tons  each,  per  24  hours. 
Two  8-ft.  Hardinge  mills  are  used  in 
sliming  sands  from  a  Dorr  classifier  and 
table  tailings.  These  mills  are  run  at  25 
r.p.m.  and  give  a  product  85  per  cent,  of 
which  will  pass  through  a  200-mesh 
screen.  Overflow  from  the  Dorr  classifier 
and  the  overflow  from  spitzlutte  taking 
No.  2  Deister  tailings  go  to  a  30-ft.  Dorr 
settler. 

Pachuca  Tanks  and  Moore  Filters 
I  ,1  Used 

The  Dorr  settler  has  given  excellent 
service.  Practically  any  desired  thickness 
of  the  pulp  can  be  obtained  and  its  in- 
stallation has  greatly  improved  the  re- 
sults obtained  in  this  mill.  The  pulp  from 
this  tank  has  a  specific  gravity  of  approx- 
imately 1.35,  or  in  this  case  between  30 
and  35  per  cent,  solids.  The  cyanide  so- 
lution is  built  up  to  4-lb.  strength  in  the 
Pachuca  tanks,  where  30  hours'  agitation 
is  given.  To  handle  the  pulp  from  the  30 
stamps  only  one  basket  of  24  leaves  is 
required  in  the  Moore  filters. 

Precipitation  Effected  with  Alumi- 
num Dust 

Solution  from  the  Moore  filters  passes 
through  a  Perrin  clarifying  press  and 
thence  to  three  precipitation  tanks,  pro- 
vided with  agitating  paddles.  In  these 
tanks  aluminum  dust  instead  of  zinc  dust 
is  used  to  replace  the  silver,  after  a 
scheme  worked  out  by  Prof.  S.  F.  Kirk- 
patrick,  of  Queen's  University.  This 
most  interesting  advance  in  cyanide 
practice  will  be  described  by  D.  C. 
Fessenden,  mill  superintendent,  in  a  sub- 
sequent issue  of  the  Journal.  Solution  is 
drawn  from  the  precipitation  tanks  and 
pumped  through  two  Shriver  precipitate 
presses.  The  precipitate  is  melted  in  a 
No.  275  Steele-Harvey  furnace  and  the 
bullion  shipped  to  London.  Solution  from 
the  presses  is  returned  to  the  battery  stor- 
age tanks  or  used  for  wash  water  in  con- 
nection with  the  Moore  filters. 

The  O'Brien  mill  is  equipped  practi- 
cally throughout  with  motors  of  the  slip- 
ring  type  manufactured  by  the  Swedish 


Mine 


(5   Toil  Cars) 
~EIectric  Tram 


Scales 


No.  5  Gates 
Crusher 


Bucket  Elevator 
2- Trommels 


~l 


Oversize 

Harz  Jig 

Hutch         Tails 


1 


Bumping  Grizzly 


Richards  No.  5  Pulsator         Richards  No.  3  Pulsator 
J'\S  Jig 

Hutch   I    Tiiils  Hutch      |  


Dewaterer 


-e 


Drag  Dewaterer 


Shipped 


Jeffrey  Pan 
Conveyer 


300 -Ton  Bin 
30 -Stamps 


Double.Dorr  Classifier 

g  and,  a  I  S 1  i  ni  e  s 


1 


2-  8  Hardinge  Tube 
Mills 


2-54  Frenier  Sand 
Pumps 


3-;No.  2 


Deister 


-SF^ 


Tables 
Heads  Tails 


Spitzluten 

Sands        I      Slimes 


30  Dorr  Settler 

Spigot I  Overflofli 


2-  2'  2  Centrifugal 
Pumps 

I       If 
4-  40  X  15  Pachuca 

Tanks 


Stock  Tank 

I 

Moore  Filter 
(2  Baskets  2-1-  Leaves) 
Cake  Solution 


Discharged 


Perrine 
Clarifying  Press 

3-  Precipitation 

Tanks 

4  Centrifugal 
Pump 


Sump 


6x8  Triplex 
Pump 


2-  Shriver 
Filter  Presses 


Precipitate 


No.  275  Stede-Harvey  Furnace 


Euinau"" 

saiippoa 


1 

Sump 

.  I 

2  Turbine 

ir 


2-  Battery  Storage 
Tanks 


I 


O'Brien    Concentrator    and    Cyanide-plant  Flow  Sheet 


December  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1257 


Mine 


Bin 


2^i  Comet 
Crusher 


Elevator 


2  Grizzly 


Stephens- A  Jamson 
Conveyer  Belt 


Blake -Dennison 
Scale 


1'4  Cornish 
Kolls 


160  Ton  Battery 
Storage  Bin- 


Challenge  Feeder? 
20  Stamps 

i  No.  2  Deistcr  Tables 


CoDcentratcB 


4  Grinding  Pan 

I 
Settler 

Tttile 


P.ctort 
Melt 

Bu^U^a 


Kirby  Classifier 


Spigot 


2-  3  Callow 
Cones 


2-18  Tube  Mills 


Frenier 
Sand  Pump 


3 -Dorr  Settlers 


3-Trcnt  Agitators 

t 

Moore  Filter 

Cake 


Wa.lc 


Prccipltetc  _ 


2- Precipitating 
Tanks 


2 -Merrill 
Filter  Presses 


Unpreeipitated 
Solution  Tank 


Storage  Tank 

7%t  Sni/lnttriny  i.^fltiing  Jouiital 


Flow  Sheet  of  Nova  Scotia  Mill  and  Cyanide  Plant 


General  Electric  company.  The  power 
equipment  comprises:  Crusher  and 
stamps,  100  h.p.;  jigs,  conveyer  and  ele- 
vator, 20;  pebble  mills,  85;  tables,  Dorr 
settler  and  classifier  and  ZY-An.  slimes 
pump,  15;  stock  tank,  10;  filters,  precipi- 
tation and  return  pumping  50;  total,  280 
h.p.  This  means  a  provision  of  9.3  h.p., 
per  stamp.  For  the  trolley  that  conveys 
the  ore  from  the  shaft  to  the  mill  there  is 
a  75-h.p.  motor-generator  set. 

Cyanide  Consumption  High 
The  cyanide  consumption  in  the  O'Brien 
mill  is  reported  to  be  as  high  as  3  to  5  lb. 
per  ton  of  ore  treated.  The  ore  contains 
quite  an  appreciable  amount  of  ferrous- 
iion  salts  and  other  cyanicides,  and  some 
ruby  silver  and  argentite.  A  4-lb.  solu- 
tion of  cyanide  is  used  in  the  agitation 
tanks  and  6  lb.  of  lime  are  added  to 
each  ton  of  mill  ore.  The  tailings 
from  this  mill  run  about  2.3  oz.  silver  per 
ton.  The  operations  at  the  O'Brien  are 
uptodate  and  the  metallurgical  problems 
are  being  handled  by  a  competent  mill- 
m.an  of  experience  in  the  treatment  of  the 
gold  and  silver  ores  of  Nevada. 
At  present  the  only  criticism  of  the 
mill  is  the  lack  of  sufficient  concen- 
trating tables  for  treating  the  battery  pulp 
before  cyanidation.  This  is,  I  believe,  to 
be  corrected  in  the  near  future. 

The  Nova  Scotia  Mill  a  Radical 
Departure 

The  practice  at  the  Nova  Scotia  mill 
represents  the  most  radical  departure  in 
the  hydrometallurgical  operations  at  Co- 
balt. A.  G.  Kirby.  general  manager  of 
the  Nova  Scotia  and  designer  of  the  mill 
is  well  known  through  his  former  con- 
nections with  the  Goldfield  Consolidated 
Company.  He  is  a  firm  believer  in  hy- 
drometallurgical methods  as  opposed  to 
smelting  and  in  the  Nova  Scotia  only  one 
product  is  made  and  that  is  bullion.  Con- 
centrating machines  are  only  used  to 
roughly  separate  a  product  for  treatment 
in  an  amalgamating  pan:  Tailings  from 
the  tables  are  cyanided.  Hence  the  ship- 
ment of  concentrates  to  the  smelters  is 
entirely  eliminated. 

Of  Nova  Scotia  Mill  Recovery  60  to  75 
PER  Cent.  Is  by  Amalgamation 

The  ore,  after  a  preliminary  crushing 
and  rolling  (and  sampling)  passes  to 
twenty  I500-Ib.  .'\llis-Chalmers  stamps 
which  are  operated  under  a  7-in.  drop 
and  4-in.  discharge,  using  a  12-mesh 
Tyler  "ton-cap"  screen.  From  60  to  70 
tons  are  crushed  per  24  hours.  Four  No. 
2  Deister  tables  take  the  unclassified  pulp 
from  the  batteries  and  the  concentrates 
averaging  800  to  1200  lb.  per  24  hours 
are  fed  to  a  4-ft.  grinding  pan  operated 
at  80  r.p.m.  This  is  started  about  5  p.m. 
each  day  and  the  material  ground 
until  1  a.m.  when  the  muller  is 
raised  and  mercury  added.  The  product 
is  discharged  to  a  settler  from  which 
the  amalgam    is   collected,    retorted    and 


1258 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


melted,  giving  a  product  940  to  950 
parts  pure  silver.  From  60  to  70  per  cent, 
of  the  total  recovery  of  the  mill  is  ef- 
fected in  the  amalgamation  process. 

Table  Tailings  All  Slimed  and 
Cyanided 

Tailings  from  the  Deisters,  where  only  a 
rought  concentration  is  aimed  at,  pass 
to  a  Kirby  classifier  supplied  with 
water  under  a  15-ft.  head.  The  spigot 
product  from  this  is  again  dewatered  in  3- 
ft.  Callow  cones  before  going  to  the  tube 
mills.  Slimes  from  these  mills  and  overs 
from  the  classifiers  are  pumped  to  Dorr 
settlers  and  the  spigot  from  these,  dis- 
charged as  thick  as  it  is  possible  to  get 
it  (usually  1.5  to  1.6  sp.gr.)  so  as  to  elim- 
inate old  solution,  goes  to  three  Trent 
agitators  arranged  in  series.  Here  fresh 
solution  is  added,  the  pulp  leaving  at 
1.4      sp.gr.  These      agitators       have 

been  fitted  with  decanting  arms  tapping 
at  points  4  ft.  from  the  bottom  of  the 
tanks;  they  connect  with  a  10x24-ft.  set- 
tler. Solution  can  thus  be  quickly  run 
out  if  it  becomes  necessary  to  empty  an 
agitator.  A  3'_.-lb.  cyanide  solution  is 
built  up  in  the  agitators  where  48  hours' 
treatment  is  given  the  pulp. 

Spent  Cyanide  Solution  Aerated 

Two  racks  of  34  leaves  are  used  in 
the  Moore  filter  equipment.  The  solu- 
tions for  precipitation  are  first  sent  to 
the  clarifying  tank,  thence  to  the  precipi- 
tation tanks  where  the  zinc  dust  is  added 
by  Merrill's  method.    The  first  wash  joins 


the  overs  from  the  Dorr  settlers  and  is 
pumped  to  storage.  A  complete  system 
of  aeration  is  carried  on  throughout  the 
mill,  especially  of  the  storage  solutions 
which  are  continuously  circulated  through 
a  series  of  perforated  surfaces  above  the 
tanks.  Solutions  are  kept  up  to  Slj-lb. 
strength   in  the   clarifying   tank. 

Motor  and  Pump  Equipment  in  Full 

The  motor  equipment  at  the  Nova 
Scotia  mill  is  as  follows:  Stamps,  two 
35  h.p.,  550  volts.  850  r.p.m.  back  geared, 
belt-driven;  tube  mills,  60  h.p.  510  r.p.m.; 
a  20  h.p.,  850  r.p.m.  motor  drives  No.  1 
agitator  pump,  lift  pump  and  Nos.  1  and  2 
Dorr  settlers;  No.  2  and  No.  3  agitator 
pumps  and  No.  3  Dorr  settler,  40  h.p., 
850  r.p.m.;  Aldrich  triplex  pump  on  pre- 
cipitated solution  tank  and  vacuum  pumps, 
25  h.p.,  850  r.p.m.;  Deisters,  5  h.p.,  1130 
r.p.m.;  pan  amalgamator  and  amalgamat- 
ing barrel,  30  h.p.,  900  r.p.m.  The  motor 
equipment  for  the  entire  mill  figures  12.6 
h.p.  per  stamp,  which  is  a  rather  high 
figure. 

The  pumps  in  the  plant  are:  Two  3- 
in.  Morris  centrifugals,  one  for  elevating 
pulp  from  settler  to  agitator  and  one  for 
No.  1  agitator;  two  5-in.  Price  centri- 
fugals, one  for  No.  2  and  one  for  No.  3 
agitator;  one  3-in.  Morris  centrifugal  for 
elevating  the  overflow  solution  from  the 
drainage  sump  to  agitators,  one  Aldrich 
7x9-in.  triplex  for  precipitate  press;  one 
3-in.  Buffalo  centrifugal  for  pumping  the 
unprecipitated     solution    to    the  storage 


tank;   and  two  7xlO-in.  Buffalo  vacuum 
pumps. 

Extraction  Rises  with  Grade  of  Ore 
Milled 

The  Nova  Scotia  mill  was  operated  for 
quite  a  while  on  12-oz.  ore  from  the  minj 
dump  With  heads  running  from  10 
to  15  oz.,  the  extraction  is  only 
about  80  per  cent,  but  it  ranges 
above  90  per  ceni.  when  40  to  50-oz.  rcc'.: 
is  being  treated.  Mill  tailings  average 
about  2.8  oz.  silver  per  ton.  Lime  is 
used  to  the  extent  of  2'^  lb.  per  ton  of 
rock  fed  to  the  mill. ' 

A  complete  sampling  equipment  con- 
sisting of  a  Snyder  machine  making  a 
one-quarter  cut,  Blake  crusher,  Vezin 
sampler  cutting  5  per  cent.  Cornish  rolls, 
another  Vezin  machine  cutting  5  per  cent, 
and  a  sampler  grinder  is  being  added.  The 
samplingequipment  will  provide  a  meansof 
faking  correct  heid  samples  and  it 
will  be  possible  to  obtain  some 
really  accurate  figures  on  extraction.  The 
sampling  system  at  most  of  the  Cobalt 
mills   is   crude    and    most   unsatisfactory. 

Small  Operating  Force  Required 
The  Nova  Scotia  mill  is  arranged  so  as 
to  require  a  minimum  of  labor.  A  crew 
to  operate  the  mill  through  the  24  hours 
consists  of  two  battery  men,  one  amalga- 
mator, two  crusher  men,  two  filter-and- 
solution  men,  one  laborer  or  "roustabout" 
and  a  sample  boy.  From  two  to  four  ma- 
chinists are  also  employed.  The  com- 
pany operates  a  well  equipped  machine 
shop  where  it  does  its  own  repair  work. 


Recent  Developments  at  Jarbidge,  Nevada 

BY  WINTHROP  W.  FISK* 


There  is  greater  activity  at  Jarbidge 
now  than  ever  before.  A  mill  is  being 
built,  two  new  roads  are  under  conctruc- 
tion  and  prospectors  are  opening  many 
fine  showings.  The  Pavlak  company, 
which  was  the  first  to  begin  practical  de- 
velopment of  a  mine,  is  the  first  to  pur- 
chase and  erect  a  mill.  This  company 
has  contracted  with  Chalmers  &  Wil- 
liams for  a  large  cyanide  plant,  which  is 
to  be  placed  in  operation  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. 

The  mill  is  to  be  built  on  the  bank  of 
the  Jarbidge  river  and  directly  at  the 
mouth  of  the  adit.  The  ore  will  be 
dumped  from  the  adit  level  into  an  ore 
bin,  and  after  being  crushed  the  pulp  wall 
be  elevated  to  Dorr  classifiers.  The  mill 
buildings  will  occupy  nearly  all  of  the 
available  flat  on  the  river  bottom,  while 
the  solution  tanks  will  be  placed  on  a 
bench  of  the  cliff  80  ft.  above  the  mill 
floor.     The   mill   was  planned   to   handle 


•Mlnlnc   Piiitiiipor,   .TailililKC    ^^pv. 


custom  ore  from  other  mines,  but  the 
company  is  opening  up  so  much  ore  on 
its  own  ground  that  the  probabilities  are 
that  it  will  not  be  able  to  treat  any  ore 
outside  that  from  its  own  mine  and  pos- 
sibly that  from  the  several  leases  on  the 
Pavlak  vein. 

Leasing  Operations 

On  the  4-M  lease  drifting  operations 
from  a  winze  on  the  50-ft.  level  are 
yielding  high-grade  milling  ore.  At  the 
Riddle-Corrigan  lease  the  vein  is  opened 
by  adits  on  two  levels,  and  there  is  con- 
siderable ore  in  sight  which  assays  from 
^12  to  S16  per  ton.  On  the  Curley  lease 
an  adit  has  been  driven  about  80  ft.  on 
the  vein  and  the  ore  pans  well.  At  the 
"Ham  ,\nd"  lease,  on  the  Taft  ledge,  a 
vein  parallel  to  the  Pavlak  about  400  ft. 
to  the  west  of  it  and  also  on  Pavlak 
ground,  the  lessees  have  an  80- ft.  adit 
showing  ore  all  the  way.  They  are  now- 
starting   a    crosscut    adit    from    the    river 


level  to  cut  their  orebody  65  ft.  below 
the  present  adit  and  enable  them  to  de- 
liver their  ore  right  on  the  wagon  road 
for  convenience  in  hauling  to  the  mill. 

The  Amazon-Rainbow  company  has  a 
90-ft.  adit  on  the  Amazon  ledge,  and  the 
ore  encountered  is  steadily  becoming  bet- 
ter as  the  tunnel  advances.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  this  adit  will  intersect  the 
main  Pavlak  vein  when  in  about  50  ft. 
further.  The  Good  Luck  mine  has  an 
adit  in  about  100  ft.  and  some  high-grade 
ore  has  been  found.  On  the  North  Star 
vein  Clark  &  Fletcher  have  run  a  crosscut 
from  their  lower  adit  to  a  point  under  the 
winze  which  was  sunk  from  the  upper 
adit  on  a  chute  of  rich  ore,  and  are  now 
upraising  on  the  vein.  When  a  connec- 
tion is  made  it  will  provide  good  ventila- 
tion for  the  mine  and  will  also  open  up 
considerable  stoping  ground. 

James  Duncan  has  bonded  the  Guess 
fraction.  Buster  Brown  and  Guess  claims 
for  S50,000  to  Mr.   Featherstone  and  as- 


December  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1259 


sociates,  who  are  laying  in  supplies  and 
material  for  steady  work  this  winter. 
Theodore  Parks  has  purchased  an  inter- 
est in  the  Last  Chance  No.  1  and  Last 
Chance  No.  2  claims,  and  expects  to  start 
development  work  soon.  The  Sugar  group 
of  four  claims  has  been  bonded  for 
S50,000  to  Jack  Griffith,  who  represents 
Butte  capitalists.  The  Free  Fissure  Gold 
Company  has  opened  three  veins  on  the 
east  slope  of  Jumbo  Peak  and  is  finding 
large  quantities  of  good  ore  and  some 
high-grade  rock. 

Work  in  Jack  Creek  crater,  three  miles 


southeast  of  Jarbidge,  on  the  property  of 
the  Caur  d'  Alene-Jarbidge  Gold  Mining 
Company,  is  progressing  well  and  with 
good  results.  The  property  is  favorably 
situated  for  cheap  and  quick  develop- 
ment. The  Elko  county  commissioners 
have  undertaken  to  .build  a  road  into  the 
camp  from  the  south,  connecting  with  the 
Deeth  road  at  Charleston,  which  will  pro- 
vide an  outlet  to  the  Western  Pacific 
railroad  at  Deeth.  This  will  give  the  camp 
much  cheaper  freight  rates  and  will 
greatly  reduce  the  price  of  necessities.  A 
large  force  of  men  are  now  at  work  push- 


ing the  road  through  so  as  to  have  it 
ready  for  winter  travel.  A  new  road  has 
also  been  surveyed  from  Twin  Falls,  pro- 
viding an  easier  grade  besides  being  sev- 
eral miles  shorter  than  the  old  road. 
It  will  be  completed  as  soon  as  possible, 
in  order  that  the  heavier  parts  of  the  ma- 
chinery for  the  Pavlak  mill  may  be 
hauled  over  it  without  difficulty.  The 
F.Iko  Telephone  Company  has  asked  for 
bids  to  extend  its  line  from  Gold  creek 
to  Jarbidge,  so  it  is  possible  that  the 
camp  may  soon  be  connected  by  tele- 
phone  with   the  outside   world. 


Transvaal   Gold    Production    and    Policies 

LONDON  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  following  are  the  figures  of  pro- 
duction from  the  whole  of  the  Transvaal 
for  this  year  and  for  1909: 

Year  Eiideil  Year  Ended 

.\ug.  .')!.  .\ug.  31, 

1909.  1910. 

Tons  of  ore  crushed        .    21.033  .S57  21,837,78:! 

Gold  output,  fin- oz...        7,360.915  7,:S61,372 

Dwt.  per  ton  eruslied.  ,  .              6.  99  6.  74 

During  the  year  ended  Aug.  31,  1910,  the 
salaries  paid  to  all  the  white  men  em- 
ployed on  the  Transvaal  gold  mines 
amounted  to  £7,500,000.  African  natives 
received  £4,790,000,  and  the  last  of  the 
Chinamen  divided  £61,000  among  them. 
The  amount  realized  from  the  gold  won 
was  thus  distributed:  Working  costs, 
59.75  per  cent.:  dividends,  30.1.=i  per 
cent.;  profits  tax,  3.11  per  cent.;  reserve 
fund,  machinery  renewals,  capital  expen- 
diture, etc.,  6.99  per  cent.;  total,  100  per 
cent.  The  working  costs,  amounting  to 
nearly  60  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the 
gold  won,  are  classified  as  follows: 
White  mens'  remuneration.  34.5  per  cent.; 
natives  and  Chinese,  21.6  per  cent.; 
stores.  38.5  per  cent.;  sundries,  5.4  per 
cent.;  total,  100  per  cent. 

OVERCOMPETITION   TO  GeT  Low  COSTS  PER 

Ton  Milled 

It  will  be  remembered  that,  owing  to 
the  competition  between  managers  to 
show  the  lowest  costs  per  ton  milled. 
Startling  reductions  in  costs  were  made 
a  couple  of  years  ago.  It  is  more  than 
probable  that  the  aim  and  object  of  a 
mine,  namely  to  return  the  highest  possi- 
ble dividends  to  the  shareholders,  was 
more  or  less  lost  sight  of  in  this  com- 
petition, low  costs  per  ton  milled  by  no 
means  necessitating  maximum  profits.  A 
manager  anxious  to  reduce  his  costs  per 
ton  had  only  to  carry  a  slope  4  ft.  wide 
when  mining  a  3-ft.  reef,  to  reduce  his 
nining  costs  per  ton  by  about  25  per 
^ent.,  though  the  extra  foot  of  rock  brok- 
;n  might  contain   no  value  whatever. 

That  a  healthv  reaction   has  set  in  is 


I 


shown  by  a  rise  in  working  costs  for  last 
August,  as  compared  with  August,  1909, 
of  23c.  per  ton,  namely,  from  S4.06  to 
S4.29  per  ton  milled. 

Rise  in  Costs  Attributed  to  Shortage 
OF  Labor 

A  shortage  of  native  labor  is  the  excuse 
generally  made  for  the  above  increase 
in  costs  per  ton.  It  is  true  that  a  few 
stamps  were  held  up,  and  shortage  of  na- 
tive labor  was  the  reason  given  for  so 
doing.  The  fact,  however,  that  more 
rock  was  broken  in  August,  1910,  than  in 
.August,  1909,  proves  that,  though  the 
native  labor  supply  may  not  have  kept  up 
with  the  increased  demand  of  the  still- 
growing  mining  industry  of  the  Rand,  yet 
the  total  number  in  the  field  was  greater 
in  1910  than  in  1909.  It  is  evident,  there- 
fore, that  the  increased  cost  per  ton  can- 
not be  wholly  attributed  to  the  labor 
question,  which  is  often  a  red  herring 
drawn  across  the  line  to  avoid  the  humil- 
iating confession  that  maximum  ultimate 
profit  had  been  lost  sight  of. 

Leslie  Stephen,  superintending  engineer 
of  the  Consolidated  Gold  Fields,  practic- 
ally acknowledges  in  his  annual  report 
that  the  cost  per  ton  has  been  brought 
too  low.  After  pointing  out  that  the  pol- 
icy of  the  Consolidated  Gold  Fields  is 
to  obtain  the  maximum  profit  from  the 
mines  under  its  management,  he  writes  as 
follows: 

REnuciNC  Stopinc  Widths  But  Avoid- 
ing Selective  Mining 

"Consistent  with  this  policy  renewed 
efforts  are  being  made  to  reduce  slop- 
ing widths  bv  leaving  in  place  unprofit- 
able reef  and  waste  rock  for  the  purpose 
of  obtaining  the  greatest  profit  from  each 
working  place  while,  at  the  same  lime, 
avoiding  selective  mining.  A  pay-reef- 
width  record  system  introduced  on  some 
of  our  mines,  and  followed  in  other 
mines  of  the  R'>nd   by  a  square-fathom 


system  of  tabulating  sloping  results,  pro- 
vides a  helpful  means  of  determining  to 
what  extent  it  is  possible  to  carry  out 
this  policy,  and,  at  the  same  time,  to 
what  extent  it  may  be  profitable  to  attack 
low-grade  areas,  formerly  left  behind  as 
unpayable,  so  as  to  add,  wherever  possi- 
ble, to  the  stability  and  permanency  of 
our  mines.  Continuous  records  and  data 
of  this  description  justify  on  economic 
grounds  the  increased  cost  per  ton  which 
has  been  brought  about  by  mining  from 
reduced  sloping  widths,  and  by  the  con- 
tingent reduction  in  tonnage  mined  by 
the  same  complement  of  labor.  While 
the  result  of  the  foregoing  will  tend  to 
increased  profits  from  given  areas,  the 
inclusion  in  our  mining  operations  during 
the  year  of  a  larger  proportion  than 
hitherto  of  the  low-grade  ore  in  sight, 
which  under  prevailing  conditions  can 
be  dealt  with  advantageously,  has  re- 
sulted in  reduced  average  grade  and  profit 
per  ton,  as  compared  with  the  previous 
year,  but  much  of  this  lower-grade  rock 
forms  an  addition  to  the  ore  reserves,  and 
therefore  prolongs  the  life  of  the  mine." 

Rand's  Proportion  of  World's  Output 

The  accompanying  table  shows  the 
Transvaal's  proportional  contribution  to 
the  gold  supply  of  the  world. 


HANI)   fiOTjD   PRODfCTTON    COMPARED 

WITH  Tiir:  \vnRr,n','<. 


Your. 

World'.s 
Output. 

Tran.svaal 
Output. 

Per  Cent, 
of  Total. 

190.-. 

1 906 . . . 
1907.. .. 
190S. . . . 
1909 

37S.411.7.-.I 
40.-.,060.969 
41fl,Ull,:i96 
443.3.-).-...S.-,6 
4.-.9,t.S6,282 

101.22.-...-..iS 
119,609,:i73 
133.182,167 
M.')..593,9S.-, 
1. -.0,299 ,329 

26.8 
29.. 5 
32.0 
32.9 
32.7 

The  small  falling  off  in  1909  can  be 
attributed  in  great  measure  to  the  in- 
creased production  of  Russia,  its  percent- 
age contribution  in  1907,  1908  and  1909 
was  respectively  6.5,  7.1  and  8.2,  other 
countries    remaining    stationary. 


1260 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


Role  of  Alumina  in  Copper  Blast  Furnace  Slags 

Vogt's  Work  Cited  to  Prove  That  It  Acts  as  an  Acid  Only  in  Slags 
Rich  in  That  Mineral  and  as  a  Base  if  Silica  Is  under  43  per  Cent. 

B~Y        L.       GARRETT        SMITH* 


In  several  issues'  of  the  Journal  in 
1908  there  appeared  some  articles  on 
alumina  in  copper  blsst- furnace  slags,  in 
which  Charles  F.  Shelby  and  others  en- 
deavored to  prove  that  all  the  alumina 
present  acts  as  an  acid,  and  only  as  an 
acid.  On  the  other  hand,  C.  A.  Heberlein 
as  a  result  of  his  experience  with  the 
silicious  slags  at  the  Magistral  smeltery, 
Zacatecas,  draws  quite  a  different  con- 
clusion, believing  that  "alumina  always 
behaves  as  a  strong  base,  and  becomes 
more  active  through  the  addition  of 
silica,  and  at  times  through  lime  and 
silica  combined,  most  likely  forming  a 
double    silicate    of    lime    and    alumina." 

Vogt's  Work  Not  Well  Known 

Referring  to  the  scientific  work  per- 
formed to  determine  the  role  of  alumina, 
it  is  necessary  to  insert  a  few  prelimin- 
ary remarks  on  the  general  character  of 
slags  as  investigated  by  Prof.  J.  H.  L. 
Vogt,  whose  excellent  work"  has  been 
disregarded  by  engineers,  even  in 
Europe.  This  probably  is  because  a  con- 
siderable part  of  his  writings  are  in  Nor- 
wegian, and  are  supposed  to  be  ultra 
theoretical  and  only  connected  with 
geology  and  mineralogy  rr.ther  than  me- 
tallurgy. Furthermore,  as  they  are 
based  on  the  laws  of  the  modern  science, 
physical  chemistry,  they  are  not  under- 
stood. 

The  following  applies  only  to  slags 
formed  during  the  absence  of  steam, 
carbonic  acid  and  gaseous  fluorine  com- 
pounds which  under  normal  conditions 
are  given  off  long  before  the  charge 
reaches  the  focus,  and  consequently  be- 
fore the  formation  temperature  of  the 
slag  is  attained.  It  is  also  necessary 
that  the  furnace  run  slowly  enough  to 
allow  all  the  constituents  of  the  charge 
sufficient  time  to  enter  into  combination 
with  each  other.  If  driven  too  rapidly 
the  resulting  slag  will  carry  with  it,  me- 
chanically, uncombined  particles  of  the 
charge,  such  as  quartz  and  magnetite. 
Slags  Are  of  Simpler  Composition 
Than  Rocks 
It  is  generally  acknowledged  that  slags 
are  solutions  of  compounds,  chiefly  sili- 
cates, which  conform  to  the  same  laws 
that  ordinary  water  and  alloy  solutions 
obey.  Vogt  has  proved  that,  if  formed 
under   the    conditions   mentioned    above, 

•MdnllurKioal  engineer.  Fischer  Straase  lil. 
I'lclliiMK,   Saxon.v,   German.v. 

'Kni;.  and  Mix.  .Toriix..  Vol.  I.XXXVI.  pi). 
L'7(i,  4.SS,  TM.  1111  and  12G4. 

'Stndlen  ilber  Selilackpn,  Slllkatschnu'Iz- 
lijsiinsen. 


these  compounds  arc,  contrary  to  ex- 
pectation, limited  to  a  comparatively 
small  number  and  thr.t  their  constitution 
is  akin  to  the  minerals  formed  in  the 
porphyritic  rocks.  A  large  number  of 
rocks  are  composed  of  three  primary 
minerals;   often  there   are  only  two. 

There  are  two  reasons  why  slags 
should  be  of  simpler  composition  than 
locks:  (1)  because  they  are  not  satu- 
rated with  steam  and  other  gasses,  which, 
as  De  Beaumont,  St.  Claire  Deville, 
JWorozewicz  and  others  have  proved, 
tend  to  act  as  catalytic  agents  and  con- 
sequently to  form  compounds  which 
otherwise  would  not  have  been  formed, 
and  (2)  because  they  are  formed  only 
at  one  pressure,  namely  atmospheric; 
different  pressures  exerted  on  the  same 
molten  mass  are  liable  to  cause  the  for- 
mation of  different  minerals;  there  are 
several  instances  among  the  rocks  that 
prove   this. 

In  fact,  one  can  go  still  further  and 
say  that  the  constitution  of  the  sl.'g- 
forming  substances,  both  in  the  molten 
and  solid  state,  is  dependent  only  on 
the  chemical  components  of  the  slag, 
and  not  on  the  physical  conditions  at- 
tending the  same;  the  fact  that  by  cool- 
ing a  glassy  slag  slowly  its  structure 
becomes  crystalline  is  no  exception  to 
this  rule.  The  cooling  curves  of  slags 
are  analogous  to  those  of  the  alloys  and 
ordinary  solutions  and  are  of  a  com- 
paratively simple  character.  The  only 
breaks  occur  at  those  temperatures  when 
a  constituent  crystallizes  out,  thus  prov- 
ing (and  this  is  of  the  utmost  import- 
ance) that  the  same  compounds  which 
exist  in  the  molten 'state  crystallize  out 
when  the  slag  cools. 

Voct  Reasons  that  Aluminum  Acts 
AS  a  Base 

I  will  now  endeavor  to  explain  with 
the  help  of  Vogt's  work  a  few  of  the 
facts  that  Shelby  has  put  before  us.  He 
proves  that  in  a  number  of  copper  blast- 
furnace slags,  selected  at  random,  the 
oxygen-ratio  is  almost  2:1,  when -alumina 
is  reckoned  as  an  acid.  Vogt  shows 
that  in  all  slags  under  43  per  cent, 
silica,  with  a  moderate  amount  of 
alumina  and  where  the  ratio  3  (Ca,  R)  AK 
(R  may  be  Fe,  Mg,  Mn)  is  greater 
than  one  (which  is  the  case  with  all  the 
slags  mentioned  by  Shelby),  all  the 
alumina  will  combine  with  part  of  the 
silica  and   other  bases  to   form   mclilite.^ 

•■■'rhoHe  fompouiuls  will  bo  callt'il  i).\'  their 
mineral  names. 


This      compound      has      the      general 
formula : 
.V  (  Ca,  Rl  ,  SiaO,,,.  y    (Ca,  R)  3  Al  Si.O,,, 
that  is,  it  is  composed  of  mixed  crystals 
of  the  two  isomorphic  substances,  aker- 
manite  and  gehlenite.     The  molecular  re- 
lation* between  them  tends  to  be  xi=y,  . 
but  it  is  altered  by  the  presence  of  other 
minerals,    and    also    by    the    relation    of 
Ca  to   R.    An  excess  of  3(Ca,R)    to  AU 
is  essential  for  the  formation  of  melilite; 
if   this   is   not   the    case    either    (Ca,  R) 
Al,SiO.,  (augite),  CaALSi,0»  (anorthite), 
aluminates  (spinel)  or  AI,0.i  (corundum) 
may  be   formed. 

After  the  bases  CaO,  RO,  have  satis- 
fied their  affinity  for  alumina  and  silica  to 
to  form  gehlenite  (3Ca,  RAD,  then,* 
and  not  until  then  can  part  (or  the 
whole)  of  the  remaining  alumina  act  as 
a  real  acid  by  forming  an  aluminate 
of  lime  or  magnesia  (Ca,  Mg)  ALOj, 
spinel.  This  mineral  crystallizes  out 
first  until  the  relation  3Ca,  R :  Al,  is 
almost  established,  after  which  melilite, 
anorthite  or  augite  crystals  begin  to 
form.  Therefore,  in  order  that  alumina 
may  act  as  a  real  acid,  a  large  prepon- 
derance of  this  oxide  over  the  rest  of 
the  bases  is  necessary,  which,  with  slags 
rich  in  alumina,  is  never  the  case. 

Systematic  Research  into  the  Role 
Zinc    Plays    in   Slag    Desired 

The  behavior  of  ZnO  is  one  exception 
to  this  rule;  an  excess  of  about  5  per 
cent.  ZnO  will  form  ZnALO,,  zinc 
spinel,  which  solidifies  at  a  comparatively 
high  temperature  and  makes  the  slag 
difficult  to  manage.  But  I  would  point 
out  that  Vogt's  work  on  the  part  that 
zinc  plays  in  slags,  has  not  by  any  means 
exhausted  the  subject,  and  our  knowl- 
edge on  this  point  can  only  be  aided  by 
systematic  research  in  the  laboratory. 
This  would  be  of  the  greatest  value  to 
metallurgists,  questions  of  this  kind  only 
too  often  turning  up  in  practice. 

Associated  with  one  of  the  minerals 
mentioned,  one,  sometimes  two,  of  the 
following  are  often  present:  augite, 
(Ca,  R)  SiO=;  anorthite,  CaALSi.O,; 
magnetite,  Fe,0,;  olivine,  (CaMg)..SiO.; 
and  FeSiO,;  and  MgSiO,.  With  regard 
to  the  slags  mentioned  by  Shelby, 
besides  melilite,  augite  (Ca,R)  SiOa  and 
FeSiOj  will  be  the  chipf  rnnstituents. 
owing  to  the  large  preponderance  of 
CaO  and  FeO.  Then  there  will  be  lesser 
amounts  of  olivine,  owing  to  the  small 

■'Vast.   Inc.  (•»..  \>.  .-.11. 

"Vogt,   loc.   cit..   iip.    ■S.'-.-Sfi.  ■ 


December  24.  1910.                       THE  ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL  1261 

percentage  of  MgO;  also  of  anorthite  idea  that  it  is  dissolved  iti  the  slags  as  shall  find  a  certain  number  of  binary 
and  the  alumina  augite  as  the  ratio  ZnO,  if  we  consider  that  the  presence  and  ternary  systems  which  we  have  no 
3Ca,  R  :AU.  is  greater  than  one;  for  the  of  substances  like  ZnSiO.,  Zn.SiO,  and  reasons  for  supposing  to  be  more  com- 
same  reason  there  will  be  no  spmel  or  ZnALO,  in  slags  has  been  proved.  That  plicated  than  the  present  ones.  By  cal- 
corundum.  Ferrites"  of  the  form  alumina  in  the  double  alumina  silicates  culating  the  charge,  one  will  have  to  aim 
RFe,0,  and  .vRO.vFc.O,  have  been  de-  should  be  considered  as  part  of  the  acid  at  the  eutectic  mixture  of  these  systems 
finitely  established,  but  under  normal  constituent,  seems  to  me  unlikely,  but  a  so  as  to  get  as  low  a  melting  temper- 
conditions  they  only  occur  in  basic  slags  discussion  on  this  question  is  off  the  ature  as  possible.  Alloys,  mattes  and 
rich  in  Fe.Oj.                                                   point.     The  subject  to  be  determined  is  speisses  have  been  and  are  being  thor- 

The  accompanying  table  shows  this  in     not  so  much  whether  alumina  is  an  acid  oughly  investigated;  in  slags  the  mineral 

tabular   form.                                                   or  a  base,  but  rather,  as  a  basis  for  our  nature    of   this   kind    of   work   has   kept 

Oxygen  Ratio  calculations,    with    what    substances    we  metallurgists  off  this  interesting  field  of 

Primary  Constituents.                A1..0,''isln''Acid.  a^e  to  consider  the  alumina  combined.  study,    but    not    until    the    slag   solutions 

Melilite  (X  =  y) 1.87:1                In  the  calculation  of  ore  charges,  the  have    been    reduced    to    definite    systems 

Fe^'o,.'^^.'^'.^'°.'::::;::::        i      11  practical      engineer     wishes     to     know  will    order    be    brought    in    the    present 

Secondary  Constituents.  whether  a  slag  of  a  certain  composition,  chaos. 

Augite  (Ca,  R)  AljSiOa o      :  1  high  in  alumina,  which  it  is  desirable  to  

Olirine"^■  .■.■.■:■.".:■.■.■.■.■.■>■■. ■.•.".       \      W  make,  will  run  well.    A  comparison  with  p     ,         li.„    o      a    c-i          A/t-    ■ 

slags  examined   by  Vogt.  Akerman  and  broken   Mill   bouth  biWex    Mining 

That  IS,  the  average  must  be  somewhere  „,i,„,„      „  u    ■_          j-<^    ■         ,          ■  r^ 

'  ,        .....            ^       c-^  ,u  others  would   be   a   difficult  task,  owing  Comnanv 

near    2:1,    which    is    ,ust    what    Shelby  p,„,^,  ,„  ,,^  f^^,  ,,^,  ,,,^  ^^.^^  ^,.  ^,J  company 

showed    in   his   article       In   slags'     con-  ^as  hardly  passed  the  first  stage,  and  the  ^ 

taming   more    than    about   43   per   cent.  ^^^^   ^^^  ,^^^^  calculations  are   meager.  ^"^   ^«P°"^   "f   "^^   Broken    Hill   cor- 

sihca    the    alumina    tends    to    form    the  partly  because  the  literature  on  this  sub-  PO^^'ion^    are    always    looked    for    with 

'';^J^.''y    '""I"    ^'•'^'.'l""  .""^"^     ^f'-^,'  iect  is  scattered  and  ultra  theoretical.  '""=^"'-  °^'"g  '"  '^^  complexity  of  the 

Al:SiO, -f  (Ca,  R)  SiOj    instead    of    geh-  ores  treated.     Unfortunately  the  report  of 

lenite.  although  akermanite,  the  one  com-  Methods  Similar  to  Vogt's  Should  Be  "^'*  corporation  is  silent  as  to  technical 

ponent  of  inelilite,  is  also  formed.    This         Employed  to  Test  all  Slags  before  processes. 

will    be    the    case    with    slag    No.    5    in                          Running  Them  The   work   of  the   Broken    Hill   South 

Shelby's  list,  where  the  oxygen  ratio  is  Silver  Mining  Company  was  interrupted 

2.41:1.                                                                   Before  proving  the  usefulness  of  this  for  two  months  in  the  first  six  of  I'MO 

D               ^                           ,                ,v,  ^'^*^  ''^  actually  trying  it  in  practice,  and  but   for  the  other  four.  7000  tons  of  ore 

Primary  Consideration  Is  with  What  possibly  causing  much  waste  of  time  and  per  week  were  treated-a  new  record 

^  SUBSTANCES   DoES   ALUMINA   COMBINE  „,oney,  I  should  recommend  a  few  labor-  '  A  dividend   of   mper  cent,   was  paid 

As    the    above     oxygen     ratios    taken  atory  tests  similar  to  those  conducted  by  for  the  half  year.  5  per  cent,  depreciation 

from  Vogt's  work  agree  with  the  analysis  Vogt.     The  experiments  should  consist  in  written   oft.  and   over  8  per  cent,  of  the 


rROmCTIOX    details,    broken  hill  south  SILVER  MINING    COXirANV.    .IAN.— JULY.    1910. 


PRODncr. 

Net 
Weight. 

Tons. 

'A 

0 

§ 

Assay  Value. 

Metai,  Contents. 

Proportion  of 
Metal  Contexts. 

Pb 
Percent. 

Ounces. 

Zn 
Percent. 

Pb 
Tons. 

Ounces. 

Zn 
Tons. 

Pb 
Per  Cent. 

Ag 
Per  Cent. 

Zn 

Percent. 

1  nncent  rates 

20.7.-!5 
,58.915 
.36.170 
17.166 

15   6 
41   .3 
27   2 
12  9 

72.0 
4.2 
2  3 

11.3 

21. ,5 
3.7 
2.3 
6.2 

5.3 
18.5 

8.3 
12.0 

14.912 

2.457 

851 

1,951 

445.:i6il 

217.7.54 

84.16!) 

105.651 

1.098 
IC).SS9 
3.020 
2.0.58 

73  9 

12.2 

4.2 

9.7 

.52.2 

25.5 

9.9 

12.4 

6.4 
63.8 
17.7 
12.1 

1  ;iili?ii;s — Zinc 

.■^liiiies 

Totals 

i:v_'.iis(l 

100.00 

15.2 

e.4 

12.8 

20,171 

s.-,L>.oi:! 

17  riir, 

100.00 

100.0 

100.0 

of  copper  blast-furnace  slags  taken  from 
actual  smelting,  from  all  over  the  world. 
I  would  deduce  that,  if  a  slag  rich  in 
alumina  is  to  work  well,  its  components 
are  represented  roughly  by  the  appended 
table,  and  that  they  satisfy  the  some- 
what empirical  oxygen  ratio  2:  1,  as  the 
table  shows.  Further,  that  in  these  cases 
alumina  cannot  possibly  act  as  an  acid, 
as  the  ratio  3Ca,  R:  AL  is  always 
greater  than  one,  double  silicates  of 
alumina    and    the    other    bases    present 

i  being  formed. 
Slags  rich  in  ZnO  are  apt  to  form  an 
exception  to  this  rule  owing  to  the  strong 
affinity  of  ZnO  for  alumina,  the  resulting 
zinc  spinel  being  characterized  by  great 
stability.  As  indicated  above,  our  knowl- 
edge on  the  general  behavior  of  ZnO  is 
not  complete,  yet  I  cannot  entertain  the 

U      'HctnUuriiir.  1010.   No.  .5  and  following. 
■      'Vogt.  loc.  at.,  pp.  124-125. 


melting  (1)  the  pure  constituents  of  the 
proposed  slag,  well  mixed,  in  a  large 
crucible  and  (2)  several  other  workable 
slags,  of  as  similar  composition  to  the 
required  slag  as  possible.  The  physical 
properties  of  the  latter  should  be  com- 
pared  to  those   of  the  proposed  slag. 

Research  on  eutectic  mixtures  will  be 
of  the  greatest  consequence  to  metallur- 
gists; a  judicious  comparison  of  these  to 
the  proposed  slag  will  reveal  how,  by 
varying  certain  of  the  constituents  with- 
out altering  the  alumina,  we  shall  get 
nearer  to  the  eutectic  mixture.  In  other 
words,  we  shall  know  how  to  make  our 
slag  of  the  lowest  melting  temperature 
possible  under  the  circumstances. 

The  question  as  to  the  limit  of  alumina 
in  slags  offers  a  new  field  for  further 
study,  which  cannot  be  answered  at  pres- 
ent. By  varying  the  FeO,  CaO.  MgO, 
and  SiOj  contents,  with  high  alumina,  we 


capitalization  carried  forward  in  undivid- 
ed profits. 

The  tonnage  treated  was  132,986,  which 
contained  20,171  tons  lead,  17,065  zinc, 
and  852,943  oz.  silver.  A  table  is  given, 
showing  the  work  of  the  concentrating 
plant. 

The  corporation  has  over  a  million  tons 
of  old  tailings  available  for  sale  to  the 
zinc  flotation  companies,  and  would  seem 
to  be  in  a  good  financial  position. 

Working  costs  were:  Mining,  S2.46; 
filling  depleted  stopes.  0.26;  development, 
0.24;   concentration,  0.84;   total,  .S3. 80. 

The  costs  per  ton  of  concentrates  were 
.'^24.63.  so  that  the  general  showing  is 
extremely    favorable. 


The  Nitrate  Propaganda  Association 
gives  the  unmined  nitrates  of  northern 
Chile  at  245.827.000  tons,  or  a  50-years' 
supply    at   the   current   consumption. 


1262 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


Gas  Power  in  High  Altitudes 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


While  Peary,  Cook  and  Shackleton 
were  struggling  with  the  mysteries  of 
latitude,  American  energy  and  enterprise 
were  successfully  solving  the  problem 
of  altitude  in  connection  with  the  use 
of  producer-gas  power  for  mining  pur- 
poses in  the  heart  of  the  Andes  of  Bo- 
livia. This  was  at  the  plant  of  the  Com- 
pania  Minera  y  Agricola  Oploca  de  Bo- 
livia, situated  at  Chocaya,  14,000  ft. 
above  sea  level,  and  about  90  miles 
southeast  of  Uyuni,  Bolivia,  the  latter 
being  the  nearest  railroad  and  telegraph 
station  of  the  Antofagasta  &  Bolivia 
Railroad    (the  only  one  in  Bolivia). 

Short  Fuel  Supply 

The  entire  country  is  uninviting  in  as- 
pect, devoid  of  timber  and  vegetation 
with  the  exception  of  a  resinous  plant 
called  tola  and  occasional  patches  of  a 
short  bunch  grass,  which  furnish  the 
natives  with  the  little  fuel  used  in  cook- 
ing and  the  llamas  with  food.  There  is 
also  a  peculiar  resinous  lichen,  known 
as  yareta,  which  makes  an  admirable 
fuel,  running  high  in  fixed  and  volatile 
cr.rbon;  but  before  it  grows  to  sufficient 
size  to  justify  gathering,  it  requires,  it  is 
said,  not  less  than  a  century.  Naturally 
it  is  now  to  be  found  only  at  points  dis- 
tant  from   mines. 

The  Oploca  company,  about  three 
years  ago,  bought  the  holdings  of  the 
old  Guadalupe  Company,  which  from  its 
silver  mines  at  Tatasi  had  produced  sev- 
eral million  bolivianos  profit.  They  were 
eventually  closed  by  the  purchaser  as  the 
lowered  price  of  silver,  combined  with 
the  yearly  increased  cost  of  fuel,  made  it 
impossible  to  operate  at  a  profit,  and  the 
Oploca  company  turned  its  attention  to 
the  development  of  other  properties  in- 
cluded in  its  purchase,  among  them  the 
property  at  Chocaya. 

Chocaya  Mine  Originally  Silver,  Now 
Tin 

This  was  originally  a  silver  property, 
or  supposed  to  be,  but  the  tin  content 
of  the  ore  was  large  and  the  silver  con- 
tent small,  so  the  property  has  lain  idle 
for  years.  Siete  Suyas  (seven  veins),  the 
mountain  containing  the  orebodies,  was 
partially  explored  with  the  result  that  the 
company  decided  upon  the  erection  of  a 
concentrating  mill  for  the  tin  ores,  leav- 
ing the  silver  out  of  the  question  ex- 
cept at  such  times  as  rich  ore  was  struck 
which  would  pay  to  ship  after  sorting. 

The  majority  of  the  machinery  was 
purchased  from  the  British  works  of 
Eraser  &  Chalmers,  and  while  all  of  it 
was  of  the  best,  it  was  so  installed  that 


much  of  it  was  entirely  useless.  One 
crusher  was  so  large  that  it  could  not  be 
hauled  and  two  smaller  ones  were  pur- 
chased in  its  place. 

Long  Wagon  Haul 

It  should  be  remembered  that  all 
freight  hauled  in  wagons  costs  from 
S160  to  S200  per  ton,  and  can 
only  be  hauled  during  the  dry  season 
of  about  eight  months.  There  was  in- 
cluded in  the  equipment  an  English  semi- 
Corliss  engine  of  75  h.p.  with  a  Root 
boiler,  using  the  fuels  above  mentioned 
with  a  wood  known  as  churque,  a  tree 
closely  allied  to  the  mesquite  but  larger. 

From  this  churque  an  excellent  char- 


European  manufacture,  but  were  obliged 
to  use  anthracite  coal  which  at  Chocaya 
would  cost  S150  per  ton,  and  at  these 
extreme  altitudes  the  engines  consume 
an  average  of  1.9  lb.  coal  per  horse- 
power-hour, though  I  am  unable  to  say 
whether  this  consumption  is  due  to  the 
altitude  or  to  the  small  grate  areas  of  the 
European  producers. 

I  had  an  excellent  opportunity  of  as- 
certaining the  facts  relative  to  the  fuel 
consumption  in  both  the  plant  of  the  Op- 
loca company,  and  the  plant  of 
Aramyo,  Framke  y  Cia.,  as  I  spent 
nearly  nine  months  at  Chocaya  while  in- 
stalling the  Oploca  gas-power  plant  and 
making  some  changes  in  the  concentrat- 


TiN  Plant  of  the  Oploca  Company  at  Chocaya,  Bolivia 


coal  can  be  obtained,  and  it  is  this  fuel 
which  proved  to  be  the  salvation  of  the 
company  financially.  It  can  be  obtained 
in  good  quantities  at  altitudes  of  about 
10,000  ft.  and  grows  plentifully  at  the 
ranches  owned  by  this  company,  situated 
at  Oploca,  about  sixty  miles  northeast  of 
Chocaya.  As  charcoal  it  was,  of  course, 
useless  under  the  boiler,  and  was  high  in 
price  when  hauled  to  the  mine  as  wood. 

Fuel    Cost    One-half    of    Operating 

E.XPENSE 

When  using  the  steain  plant,  owing  to 
the  mill  not  being  entirely  completed,  not 
more  than  30  h.p.  was  actually  used.  The 
fuel  bill  with  the  closest  economy  in  the 
way  of  firing,  etc.,  made  up  nearly  one- 
half  of  the  gross  operating  expenses  of 
the  company  at  this  property,  averaging 
$2410  per  month. 

Several  other  tin  properties,  notably 
those  of  Aramyo,  Framka  y  Cia..  were 
operating   with   producer-gas  engines  of 


ing  mill,  all  of  which  was  done  without 
suspending  operations  over  three  days. 

Gas  Engines  Built  for  Sea-level 
Working 

The  Oploca  company  ascertained  that 
it  could  use  charcoal  successfully  in  the 
producers  built  by  the  Weber  Gas  En- 
gine Company  of  Kansas  City  (now  the 
Sheffield  Gas  Power  Company),  and  pur- 
chased two  65-h.p.  engines  and  producers 
with  their  respective  air-starting  plants. 
Unfortunately  when  the  order  was  placed, 
nothing  was  said  about  the  altitude  at 
which  these  plants  were  to  be  run  and 
they  were  equipped  for  sea-level  opera- 
tion, as  their  destination  was  given  the 
manufacturers  as  Antofagasta,  Chile. 

In  addition  to  this  misfortune,  a  me- 
chanic was  sent  to  erect  the  plant,  who 
while  he  followed  closely  the  plans  and 
m:;de  an  excellent  installation,  hal 
never  seen  or  operated  a  gas  engine. 
With    the    compressor    furnished    for 


December  24,   1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1263 


level  for  the  air  starter,  not  more  than 
40  lb.  pressure  could  be  obtained,  so 
that  the  steam  engine  was  used  as  an 
auxiliary.  About  this  time,  a  native 
mechanic  named  Ramon  Serpa  was  ap- 
pointed as  master  mechanic,  as  he  had 
had  some  experience  with  other  gas- 
power  plants  for  Aramyo,  Framke  y  Cia., 
and  he  succeeded  with  the  help  of  the 
steam  engine  in  starting  and  running  the 
plant  spasmodically.  Instructions  were 
asked  for. from  Kansas  City,  which  were 
sent,  but  before  they  had  arrived  the 
board  of  directors  in  Santiago,  Chile, 
cabled  to  the  Sheffield  Gas  Power  Com- 
pany to  send  an  engineer  to  help  them 
out  of  their  difRculties. 

On  my  arrival  after  the  most  tedious 
and  disagreeable  trip  I  ever  made  on 
mule-back,  I  was  much  surprised  to  be 
saluted  with  the  steady  "chug-chug"  of 
the  engine,  running  as  smoothly  as  pos- 
sible, so  it  was  plain  that  the  greater 
difficulties  had  been  overcome.  It  de- 
veloped   that    the    mechanic    Serpa    had 


Ca.-^    Pl<ODi;CKH,    ClIllCAVA.    BOLIVl.A 

learned  to  handle  the  producer  satisfac- 
torily, and  had  the  engine  in  perfect 
order,  but  was  unable  to  get  its  full 
power  from  it  owing  to  lack  of  com- 
pression and  improper  setting  of  the  time 
of  ignition. 

I'.NciNE  Working  at  75  per  Cent,  of 
Sea-level  Rating 

Within  a  few  days'  time  we  had  the 
engine  tuned  up  so  that  it  would  pull 
49  h.p.  and  there  is  still  power  to  spare 
in  it.  As  it  is  only  rated  at  65  h.p.  sea 
level,  there  are  two  conclusions:  either 
that  it  is  underrated  at  sea  level  or  that 
a  splendid  duty  is  being  obtained.  After 
the  installation  of  a  larger  auxiliary 
kerosene  engine  and  5x7  single-acting 
compressor,  we  were  able  to  get  up  125 
lb.  pressure  in  the  two  large  air  receivers 
in  from  15  to  20  minutes,  and  for  June 
made  this  record:  Total  hours  possible, 
"20;    total    hours    of    work,    654:    total 


charcoal  used,  34,200  lb.;  waste  char- 
coal, 1320  lb.;  clean  charcoal  consumed, 
32,f^80  lb.;  horsepower-hours  consumed 
by  different  machines,  17,159;  charcoal 
consumed  per  horsepower-hour.  1.9 
pounds.  In  other  words  the  total  amount 
of  charcoal  used  at  the  regular  cost 
of  S0.67  per  100  lb.  made  a  cost  of  $228 
for  the  month  as  against  an  average  for- 
mer cost  of  $2410.  Rather  a  nice  divi- 
dend  by  itself. 


in  1908,  and  the  equally  sharp  recovery 
in  1909.  The  difference  between  1907 
and  1908  was  greater  than  the  entire 
production  in  any  year  prior  to  1898, 
only   10  years  previous. 


Pig  Iron  Production  for  1 00  Years 

The  accompanying  table,  which  is  of 
much  interest,  is  compiled  from  the  rec- 
ords of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  As- 
sociation. It  shows,  in  long  tons,  the 
production  of  pig  iron  in  the  United 
States  in  the  past  100  years.  Prior  lo 
1854  the  statistics  given  were  compiled 
by  various  Government  and  other  statis- 
tical agencies.  For  1854  and  all  succeed- 
ing years  the  statistics  have  been  gath- 
ered by  the  American  Iron  and  Steel 
Association.  The  statistics  for  1810. 
1840  and  1850  are  for  census  years.  The 
figures  for  1820  and  1830  are  estimates 
made  by  early  statisticians.  Census 
statistics  for  those  years  are  wanting. 


PKi  IRON  PHODrcT 

'.X  FOR 

100  YKARf;. 

ISIO. .. 

.53.908 

1875... 

2,023,73:3 

182.) .  .  . 

20,000 

1876. . . 

1,868,961 

l.S2,S,  .  . 

KiO.OOO 

1877.. . 

2.066.594 

iS2n. , , 

I  12  000 

1878.. . 

2.:!01.215 

is:{(). .  . 

Iti.'i.OOO 

1879,  .  . 

2.741. ,8.53 

i.s:ji . . . 

101. 000 

18,80.  .  . 

3. .8.35,191 

1S:32  . . 

200,000 

1.881... 

4,144,254 

is-io. . . 

286.90:j 

1.S82... 

4,623,323 

1.S42  .  . 

21.-,,0()0 

I8,s:!.. 

4,595.510 

IMfi   . 

76.1.000 

18.84  .  . 

4.097.,S6.S 

1.S47   . 

.soo.ooo 

1885... 

4.044.526 

l.Si.S  .  , 

800.000 

1886 . . 

5,683.329 

IS4S)  .  . 

6.->0.0(IO 

18,87.., 

G.4  17.148 

I.S.iO   . 

.i6:i.7.-..-. 

1888. , 

0.489.738 

1S.J2 

.-.00,000 

1889. ., 

7.603.642 

1.S.-I4  .  . 

6.i7,:j.i7 

1890, , 

9.202.703 

IS.-,.-).  .  . 

700,1.59 

1891 , . 

8.279.870 

IS.ie,  .  . 

7,SS..5I.5 

1892 . . , 

9.157.1)00 

I.S.^.7... 

712,640 

189;j ,  .  . 

7.124.502 

1  S.iS  ,  .  . 

629.548 

1894 . . , 

6.657, 3S.S 

i.s.-);i.  ,  . 

750,6.50 

1895, . 

9.446.308 

1  S6() .  .  . 

821.22:i 

1,896,  , 

8,623.127 

1X61. , . 

05.J.I64 

1897, , , 

9.652.0SO 

1.S62  ,  .  , 

70:i,270 

1898. , 

11,773,9:34 

l.s6:i.  . 

.SI6.075 

1899 

13,620.703 

1K64 

1.014,282 

1900 

13.7.89.242 

1.S6.-. 

S.j  1.770 

1901 

I5..S78,354 

1S66 

1.205.66:t 

1902 

17,.S21.307 

1.S67 

l..i05.02:t 

I9(W 

I.S.I)09.252 

1.S6S,  .  . 

1.4.)  1,250 

1904. 

16.497.033 

1S69. , , 

1.711.2.S7 

1905, , 

22.992.:380 

1.X70.  .  . 

1.605.179 

1906, , 

25.307.191 

1S71. . . 

1.706.79.5 

1907.. 

25,7.S1,301 

1872 .  .  . 

2.548,71.i 

1908. . 

15.936.018 

187:3  . 

2.560.96:{ 

1909. , 

25.795,471 

1874.. . 

2.  W  1,262 

Up  to  1854,  the  reports  are  irregular, 
some  years  being  omitted;  from  that  year 
on  every  year  is  included.  Growth  for 
many  years  was  slow;  in  1847  the  yearly 
total  reached  800,000  tons,  but  it  was 
17  years  later,  in  1864,  when  1,000,000 
tons  were  reported.  In  1872  the  2,000.- 
000-ton  level  was  passed,  and  by  1880 
a  production  of  5,000,000  tons  was 
reached.  In  1898,  for  the  first  time,  the 
make  was  over  10,000,000  tons,  and 
seven  years  later,  in  1905,  it  exceeded 
20,000,000  tons.  The  table  shows  manv 
sharp  fluctuations  from  year  to  year; 
the  most  noticeable  being  the  abrupt  drop 


Operations  of  the  Austrian  Potash 
Syndicate 

The  Galician  potash  field,  at  Kalusz,  is 
to  be  worked  jointly  by  the  Austrian  gov- 
ernment and  a  syndicate  of  Austrian  cap- 
italists. So  far  an  area  of  only  1148  by 
1800  ft.  has  been  worked,  in  which  four 
shafts  have  been  put  down,  none,  how- 
ever, to  a  greater  depth  than  920  ft.  Ac- 
cording to  engineers'  estimates,  a  supply 
of  33,000,000  lb.  of  potash  salts  per  an- 
num could  be  obtained  from  the  existing 
shafts  for  18  years,  but  it  is  the  intention 
to  put  down  additional  and  deeper  shafts. 

The  Kalusz  field,  according  to  the 
Daily  Consular  and  Trade  Reports,  has 
produced  kainite  and  sylvite  chiefly,  the 
kainite  carrying  12  to  15  per  cent,  of 
potash.  The  output  in  1908  amounted  to 
24,840,000  lb,;  the  1909  statistics  are  not 
yet  available.  Au.strian  imports  of 
potassium  chloride  from  Germany  have 
increased  from  8,800,000  lb.  in  1902,  to 
KS4,000,000  in    1909. 

Owing  to  the  feature  of  the  law  of 
Austria,  which  forbids  the  manufacture 
of  mineral  salts  by  private  corporations, 
the  Kalusz  field  is  to  be  worked  under  the 
form  of  a  lease,  the  syndicate  delivering 
the  salt  to  the  government  at  a  fixed 
price.  The  government  will  erect  and  op- 
erate a  factory  at  Kalusz  for  its  prepar- 
ation for  market.  There  are  many  fea- 
tures of  the  proposed  joint  working  of  the 
government  and  the  syndicate  which  are 
still  to  be  determined,  viz.,  contract  price 
for  delivery  of  salt  by  the  syndicate, 
terms  of  lease  of  additional  territory, 
terms  for  syndicate  participation  in  man- 
ufacture, etc.  Offers  from  foreign  coun- 
tries to  furnish  capital  and  participate 
in  t:-e  syndicate's  operations  have  been 
received  and  rejected.  It  is  the  firm  in- 
tention of  the  interested  parties  to  main- 
tain the  enterprise  as  a  purely  Austrian 
undertaking.  Herein  should  lie  the  great- 
est advantage  to  the  American  purchas- 
ers, namely,  a  large  supply  from  works 
independent  of  the  German  monopoly. 


The  progressive  spirit  of  Mexico  is 
shown  by  the  attention  devoted  to  wire- 
less telegraphy.  As  early  as  1903  the 
wireless  land  stations  erected  at  Guay- 
mas,  Sonora,  and  at  Santa  Rosalia,  Baja 
California,  had  been  successful  in  estab- 
lishing communication  with  steamers, 
either  outgoing  or  incoming,  and  in  1909 
the  Government  announced  the  establish- 
ment of  additional  wireless  stations  at 
Payo  Obispo  and  Xcalac,  in  Quintana  Roo 
Territory,  bringing  the  number  of  such 
stations  in  the  Republic  up  to  six. 


N 


1204 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,   1910. 


Revised  Flow  Sheet  of  Utah  Copper  Mill 


BY  CLAUDE  T.  RICE 


I 


The  management  of  Utah  Copper 
Company  made  a  decided  move  for  the 
better  when  early  in  1910  it  radically 
changed  the  flow  sheet  of  the  mill.  For- 
merly all  the  pulp  had  gone  to  Chilean 
mills  to  be  ground  until  it  would  pass  a 
No.  18  rolled-slot  screen.  This  resulted 
in  a  great  deal  of  the  sulphide  minerals 
being  unnecessarily  reduced  to  impalp- 
able slimes.  Not  only  was  this  fine  grind- 
ing bad  practice  because  of  the  excessive 
amount  of  slimes  formed,  but  also  on 
account  of  the  reduction  of  capacity  that 
it  caused. 

On  account  of  the  large  proportion  of 
slimes  in  the  feed  going  to  the  tables  it 
is  doubtful  whether  the  mill,  as  formerly 
arranged  and  treating  a  head  averaging 
1.6  per  cent,  copper,  ever  maintained  an 
extraction  greater  than  64  per  cent  for  a 
whole  month;  most  of  the  time  the  ex- 
traction was  not  more  than  60  per  cent. 
Of  course,  in  the  early  days  of  the  Cop- 
perton  plant  when  the  ore  was  coming 
mainly  from  the  underground  workings, 
the  ore  milled  averaged  over  2.25  per 
cent,  copper,  and  a  saving  as  high  as  70 
per  cent,  was  effected.  Recently  an  ex- 
traction as  high  as  67  per  cent,  has  been 
made  on  a  head  averaging  about  1.55 
per  cent,  copper. 

The  accompanying  flow  sheet  is  not  so 
complete  as  it  might  be,  for  there  is 
some  doubt  as  to  the  size  of  the  screens 
used  on  the  impact  screens  and  also  on 
the  Chilean  mills.  Otherwise  it  is  an  ac- 
curate representation.  The  flow  sheet  in- 
dicates a  notable  advance  over  the  com- 
pany's former  practice  and  in  some  re- 
spects the  treatment  outlined  is  quite  a 
little  in  advance  of  general  milling  ideas. 

All-sliming  and  Close  Classification 
Abolished 

The  most  striking  thing  that  the  reader 
will  notice  upon  referring  to  the  flow 
sheet  is  that  the  company  has  recognized 
the  futility  of  grindmg  the  sulphides  to  a 
powder  before  trying  to  save  them. 
Therefore  all  the  pulp  is  passed  over 
concentrating  tables  before  it  goes  to  the 
Chilean  mills,  and  a  notable  portion  of 
the  chalcocite  is  recovered  before  it  is 
slimed.  Moreover,  the  company  has 
adopted  the  idea,  first  used  on  a  large 
scale  in  the  West  at  the  Ohio  Copper 
mill,  but  long  in  general  use  in  the 
Michigan  copper  country,  of  not  trying 
to  make  a  finished  concentrate  at  first 
but,  instead,  making  a  dirty  head  and  as 
clean  a  tailings  product  on  the  first  tables 
as  is  possible  and  later  cleaning  the  first 
concentrates  on  other  tables.  This  is  the 
"roughing"  principle. 


Garfield 
Tables 


Revised  Flow  Sheet  for  Utah  Copper  Mill 


December  24.  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1265 


According  to  this  (low  siieet  close  siz- 
ing is  not  resorted  to.  This  is  in  line  with 
what  many  millmen  in  the  West  have 
been  noticing,  i.e.,  that  in  many  cases 
a  better  saving  is  made  upon  an  unclassi- 
fied head  than  upon  the  same  pulp  when 
i'  is  closely  classified  and  the  dift'erent 
sizes  treated  on  different  groups  of  tables. 
The  coarse  concentrates  seem  to  cover 
up  the  finer  sulphides  as  they  lie  in  the 
riffles  on  the  tables  and  protect  them 
from  being  washed  away  by  the  strong 
water  currents.  No  doubt  on  a  comple.x 
ore  close  sizing  is  necessary,  but  on  a 
simple  ore  it  has  been  proved  in  several 
instances  that  this  is  not  the  case.  For 
example,  in  one  instance,  a  better  sav- 
ing was  made  on  a  pulp  that  was  treated 
without  any  classification  than  when 
(with  the  same  tables,  the  same  feed  and 
the  same  men  tending  the  tables  I  the 
feed  was  split  on  a  12-mesh  screen  and 
the  oversize  sent  to  one  group  of  tables 
and  the  undersize  to  another.  In  the 
first  case  the  extraction  was  48  per  cent., 
in  the  second  only  41  per  cent.  In  an- 
other instance  the  pulp  was  split  on  a  40- 
mesh  screen  and  the  oversize  treated  on 
one  set  of  tables  and  the  undersize  sent 
to  another  set.  This  gave  a  better  ex- 
traction than  when  the  pulp  was  sent  to 
a  hydraulic  classifier  and  each  of  the 
four  sizes  obtained  was  treated  on  a 
separate  group  of  tables.  In  still  another 
case  it  has  been  found  that  a  better  ex- 
traction is  made  when  the  slimes  go  to 
the  sand  tables  before  going  to  the  slimes 
tables  than  when  the  slimes  are  sent  di- 
rect to  the  latter. 

The  roughing  table  used  at  the  Utah 
Copper  mill  is  the  Garfield  table  devised 
by  members  of  the  Utah  Copper  staff. 
It  is  simply  a  large  rectangular  table  with 
riffles  extending  entirely  across  the  sur- 
face so  that  the  concentrates  are  dis- 
charged off  the  end  of  the  table.  The 
riffles  are  'i  in.  deep  at  the  head  end  and 
\<  in.  at  the  discharge  end.  The  head 
motion  is  a  Wiltley  motion.  The  tendency 
of  this  riffle  is  to  raise  the  concentrates 
as  they  approach  the  discharge  end,  so 
that  the  silica  can  be  washed  off  of  them. 
Of  course  these  tables  give  a  dirty  con- 
centrate which  requires  cleaning.  This 
is  done  on  Wilfley  tables. 

Chilean  Mill  Pulp  Run  in  Closed 
Circuit 

The  tailings  after  this  rough  concen- 
tration are  sent  to  a  four-compartment 
classifier.  The  first  two  compartments 
send  their  pulp  to  a  bucket  elevator 
which  returns  it  to  the  Chilean  mills, 
while  the  pulp  from  the  third  and  the 
fourth  compartments  is  so  fine  that  it 
requires  no  further  crushing,  and  so  is 
shunted  past  the  Chileans.  The  pulp  from 
the  Chilean  mills  is  sent  to  a  second  four- 
compartment  classifier.  The  first  two 
sizes  from  this  classifier  are  taken  out 
and,  after  concentration  on  a  set  of  Gar- 


field tables,  the  concentrates  from  which 
r.re  cleaned  on  WiUley  tables,  are  re- 
turned again  to  the  Chilean  mills.  This 
forms  a  closed  circuit,  thought  by  some 
to  be  quite  bad,  but  by  means  of  the  hy- 
draulic classifiers  the  system  is  kept  in 
equilibrium.  On  the  second  return  to  the 
Chilean  mills  the  chances  are  that  the 
particles  will  be  ground  finely  enough  so 
that  they  will  go  to  the  third  or  the 
fourth  spigot,  and  so  the  tendency  to 
build  up  a  coarse  product  on  account  of 
the  closed  circuit  •  is  counteracted  to  a 
considerable  extent. 

Primary   and  Secondary  Tables  Make 
No  Tailincs 

The  first  two  groups  of  Garfield  tables 
and  the  WilHey  tables  treating  the  con- 
centrates from  them  do  not  make  tailings, 
and  it  is  not  until  the  pulp  has  passed 
through  a  third  or  a  fourth  spigot  of  one 
of  the  sets  of  classifiers  that  it  is  fine 
enough  for  the  tables  treating  it  to  make 
a  true  tailings  product.  These  last  Gar- 
field tables  make  tailings.  This  seems  a 
bad  point  in  the  practice,  although  it  is 
foolish  to  criticize  when  one  does  not 
know  the  grade  of  the  tailings  that  the 
tables  are  making.  But  generally  it  is 
not  good  practice  to  make  tailings  on 
such  a  crude  table  as  is  this  Garfield 
roughing  table.  Probably,  though,  on 
these  tables  the  middlings  are  thrown 
with  the  concentrates,  and  the  real  tail- 
ings separation  is  made  upon  the  Wilfiey 
tables. 

The  tailings  from  the  Wilfley  tables  of 
the  finishing  group  go  to  vanners  of  the 
.[ohnston  suspended  type,  as  does  the 
overflow  from  the  different  classifiers 
after  being  dewatered.  In  fact,  the  van- 
ners still  do  a  large  proportion  of  the  con- 
centration on  account  of  the  great  slim- 
ing effect  of  the  Chilean  mills  on  this 
ore,  no  matter  how  coarse  the  screen 
used  on  the  mills.  Still  the  shunting  past 
the  Chilean  mills  of  the  portion  of  the 
pulp  that  is  fine  enough  for  final  concen- 
tration and  the  use  of  coarser  screens  on 
the  mills  themselves  has  resulted  in  less 
sliming.  As  a  result  of  working  out  a 
scheme  for  getting  a  tube-mill  product 
from  Bingham  porphyry  ore,  coarse 
enough  for  table  concentration,  the  Utah 
Copper  Company  has  been  able  to  re- 
turn to  the  use  of  concentrating  tables. 
The  fiow  sheet  also  witnesses  an  appre- 
ciation of  the  fact  that,  although  there 
are  portions  of  the  material  passing  a 
Wilfiey  table  that  can  be  saved  on  a 
vanner,  it  is  cheaper  to  catch  as  much  of 
the  sulphides  as  possible  on  Wilfiey  or 
similar  tables  as  they  are  less  expensive 
to  operate  than  are  vanners. 

The  numbers  on  the  flow  sheet  show 
how  many  of  each  kind  of  machine  there 
are  in  a  unit  of  the  mill.  For  instance, 
there  are  six  impact  screens  in  a  unit, 
served  by  two  sets  of  rolls  that  feed  to 
one  elevator.    The  six  screens  feed  three 


Chilean  mills,  etc.,  to  62  vanners,  in  each 
of  the  12  units  in  the  mill.  The  ca- 
pacity of  these  units  is  being  crowded 
considerably  at  the  Utah  Copper  mill, 
but  at  the  Ray  Consolidated  and  the 
Chino  mills  it  is  the  plan  to  treat  1000 
tons  per  day  in  each  of  the  units,  which 
are  in  every  respect  similar  to  the  unit 
represented  by  the  accompanying  flow 
sheet. 


Alaska  Coal  Lands 


In  reporting  upon  the  investigation  of 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  Richard  A. 
Ballinger,  the  majority  of  the  so-called 
Ballinger  Investigating  Committee  filed 
a  report  under  date  of  Dec.  10,  in  which 
incidentally  judgment  is  expressed  with 
reference  to  the  now  famous  "Cunning- 
ham claims,"  in  Alaska,  and  the  general 
question  of  Alaskan  coal  development. 
The  committee  says: 

"The  conditions while  adequately 

safeguarding  the  Government  ownership 
of  Alaska  coal  lands,  are  a  serious  hin- 
drance to  the  proper  and  desirable  devel- 
opment of  the  Territory  and  unjust  to  res- 
idents of  Alaska  and  to  such  worthy  cit- 
izens of  the  United  Slates  as  may  seek 
there  a  field  for  honest  and  legitimate 
enterprise.  The  resources  of  Alaska  can- 
not be  made  generally  available  for  the 
benefit  of  mankind  without  the  use  of 
coal.  Unable  to  buy  or  obtain  coal  from 
Government  lands,  the  people  there  are 
now  obtaining  coal  from  distant  Stales 
and  foreign  countries  at  prices  ranging 
from  .SI 2  to  .'^24  per  ton.  It  is  not  sen- 
sible to  require  the  importation  of  coal 
at  such  enormous  expense  while  these 
vast  coalfields  are  at  hand.  Such  a  course 
must  end  some  time  if  the  coal  of  Alaska 
is  ever  to  be  of  value  to  anyone. 

"Your  committee  believes  that  it  would 
be  the  hight  of  unwisdom  to  permit 
these  coalfields  to  be  monopolized  or 
gathered  into  the  private  ownership  of  a 
few  for  speculative  purposes.  As  they 
increase  in  value  the  increment  should 
inure  to  the  benefit  of  all  the  people.  To 
bring  about  this  result,  and  at  the  same 
time  put  an  end  to  the  unreasonable  con- 
dition now  existing,  your  committee  recom- 
mends that  the  Government  refuse  to 
sell  these  lands,  but  that  retaining  their 
ownership,  it  shall  grant  leases  at  fair 
royalties  for  periods  limited,  but  long 
enough,  and  covering  areas  large  enough 
to  justify  the  necessary  investments  upon 
sound  business  principles,  and  thus  se- 
cure the  opening  and  operation  of  suffi- 
cient mines  to  meet  the  necessities  of 
Alaskan  consumption;  afford  relief  from 
the  present  outrageous  prices  paid  by 
consumers,  and  at  the  same  time  afford 
some  revenue  to  the  Government.  We 
recommend  legislation  to  that  end,  and 
that,  pending  such  legislation,  the  exist- 
ing withdrawal  from  entry  of  the  Alaska 
coal  lands  be  continued." 


1266 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,   1910. 


Some   French   Experiments   on  Coal  Dust 

Results  of  an  Exhaustive  Series  of  Tests  to  Determine  the  Underground 
Conditions  Favorable    to    the  Production    of    a    Coal    Dust    Explosion 


B    Y 


HENRY        BRIGGS 


J.  Taffanel,  the  director  of  the  experi- 
mental station  at  Lievin,  France,  has  de- 
scribed an  exhaustive  series  of  tests,  con- 
ducted between  June,  1908,  and  April, 
1909,  principally  in  the  main  gallery, 
which  at  that  time  was  65  m.'  long.  The 
conditions  approximated  as  closely  as 
possible  those  obtaining  in  a  dusty  col- 
liery, and  were  chiefly  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  the  underground  circum- 
stances favorable  and  unfavorable  to  the 
production  of  coal-dust  explosions. 

Factors  Bearing  on   Coal  Dust 
Problem 

The  following  is  a  digest  of  the  dis- 
cussion of  results  which  forms  the  con* 
eluding  section  of  the  report: 

Apart  from  all  experimenting,  it  is 
postulated  that  the  factors  which  bear 
on  the  coal  dust  problem  are  (a)  The 
proportion  of  volatile  matter  contained 
in  a  dust,  and  its  chemical  composition, 
(bl  its  purity,  (cl  its  fineness,  (d)  the 
quantity  of  dust  affected,  (e)  the  dimen- 
sions and  form  of  the  gallery  in  which 
an  explosion  takes  place,  (f)  the  chemi- 
cal and  physical  composition  of  the  air 
in  the  gallery,  (g)  the  degree  of  damp- 
ness of  the  dust,  and  of  the  walls  of  the 
gallery,  and  (h)  the  nature,  intensity  and 
other  characteristics  of  the  initial  inflam- 
mation which  causes  the  explosion.  These 
factors  are  discussed  in  detail  in  order 
to  bring  out  their  relative  importance  as 
reve'aled  by  the  experiments,  thus: 

The   Influence   of   the    Form   of 
Gallery 

The  full  importance  of  the  form  of 
gallery,  as  a  factor,  could  not  be  shown 
by  the  experiments  owing  to  the  fact 
that  the  same  gallery  had  perforce  to 
be  used  for  all  the  tests.  As  a  result 
it  could  not  be  stated  whether  the  re- 
sults would  be  the  same  in  another  gal- 
lery differing  from  that  used  in  shape 
and  exposed  internal  surface,  in  the 
character  of  the  walls,  and  in  having 
twists  and  branches.  Experimental  gal- 
leries in  other  countries  are  not  of  the 
same  dimensions  as  that  at  Lievin;  the 
cross-section  is  greater  at  Altofts  (Eng- 
land), and  smaller  at  Gelsenkirchen 
(Austria),  and  Frameries  (Belgium). 
The  desirability  of  performing  compara- 

NdTF — Atislrnct  of  a  l)iillflln  cntltlofl. 
"Trolsl^mp  SCtIo  (VKssals  sin-  lea  Indnmmn- 
tions  (Ic  ^o^l.ssl^l•ps  :  riodiictlon  ties  f'oiips  do 
Poiissl*ri'8."    April,    imo. 

•nepnrtmont  of  MlnliiR.  Ilerlot-Watt  CoIIcki'. 
Edlnlmrch.   Scotland. 

'One  mclei-  —  1.094  yd. :  1  mam  =  O.o.X-  oz. 


live  tests  in  these  different  galleries,  us- 
ing the  same  dust  and  keeping  other 
conditions  the  same,  is  pointed  out.  In 
order  to  draw  a  comparison  with  the  re- 
sults obtained  in  1890  by  Mr.  Simon, 
who  experimented  in  a  metal  tube  one 
meter  in  diameter,  dust  prepared  in  the 
same  way  as  that  employed  by  Mr. 
Simon  was  used,  and  it  is  concluded 
that  a  small-sized  gallery  appears  to  be 
unfavorable  to  the  production  of  a  dust 
explosion.  To  some  extent  this  is  a 
logical  conclusion,  as  the  cooling  action 
of  the  walls  will  be  more  in  evidence 
in  a  smaller  gallery;  yet  the  deduction 
is  not  considered  as  finally  established, 
because  other  conditions  obtaining  in  Mr. 
Simon's  experiments  could  not  be  at- 
tair*ed.  It  is,  however,  pointed  out  that 
in  several  colliery  explosions  the  flame 
traversed  the  larger  roadways  in  prefer- 
ence. 

Though  it  seems  probable  that  the 
propagation  of  an  explosion  is  generally 
facilitated  when  the  sectional  area  of 
the  road  is  large,  it  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  in  certain  circumstances  the 
reverse  may  be  true.  In  passing  from 
its  source,  the  ignition  at  first  extends 
in  all  three  dimensions,  but  once  the 
flame  fills  the  roadway,  it  can  travel 
only  in  one  dimension.  The  chance  of 
extinction  is  greater  in  the  first  than  in 
the  second  stage,  and  the  first  period  is 
lengthened  the  more  spacious  the  road- 
way; furthermore,  the  initial  disturb- 
ance has  less  effect  in  raising  dust  in 
a  large  gallery,  and  if  the  dust  is  only 
imperfectly  raised  the  propulsion  of  the 
flame  in  the  direction  of  the  road  will  be 
less  violent,  and  will  be  less  capable  of 
lifting  more  dust  in  front  of  it,  and 
hence  the  flame  will  have  a  better  chance 
of  dying  out.  It  is  concluded,  in  short, 
that  a  coal-dust  explosion  is  less  easily 
originated  in  a  roadway  of  large  area 
than  in  a  smaller  one,  but  once  it  is 
well  started  it  is  carried  forward  with 
greater  ease.  Further  experiments  will 
be  needed  in  this  connection,  however, 
before  this  conclusion  can  be  considered 
thoroughly   proved. 

The  influence  of  twists  and  bends  in 
the  gallery,  and  several  other  factors 
such  as  irregularity  of  the  walls  (which 
offer  some  resistance  to  the  rapid  pas- 
sage of  a  large  volume  of  gas,  and 
change  the  course  of  eddies),  are  ques- 
tions that  are  to  be  taken  up  subse- 
quently with  the  gallery  lengthened  and 
provided  with  branches.  It  is  then 
hoped    to   settle    whether   the   conditions 


of  production  of  a  dust  explosion  differ 
when  the  initirl  detonation  occurs  at  the 
end  of  a  heading,  in  a  roadway  traversed 
by  a  rapid  current  of  air,  and  when  the 
air  is  stagnant.  Explosions  are  doubt- 
less less  frequently  originated  in  an 
open  roadway  than  in  a  cul-de-sac  where 
firedamp  has  a  better  chance  of  collect- 
ing, and  where  the  shots  are  "tighter" 
and  more  apt  to  blow-out;  but  it  will 
be  necessary  to  study  the  former  case, 
inter  alia,  as  such  ignitions  have  oc- 
curred in  practice. 

The   Influence  of  Atmospheric 
Conditions 

The  temperature  and  the  hygrometric 
state  of  the  air,  and  the  barometric 
pressure  have  either  brought  about  only 
some  very  slight  systematic  ditferences 
in  the  results  of  the  experiments,  or 
have  had  no  visible  influence.  The  ef- 
fects of  changes  in  temperature  and 
pressure  of  the  air  are  both  intangible, 
and  it  is  a  probable  consequence  that 
the  increase  of  pressure  resulting  from 
the  depth  of  mine  workings  will  have 
no  very  sensible  influence.  Only  the 
humidity  of  the  air  appears  to  have  had 
an  effect  appreciable  within  the  degree 
of  precision  of  the  experiments;  it  being 
found  that  explosions  have  a  little  less 
life  in  damp  .than  in  dry  atmospneres. 
This  factor  is,  however,  of  small  impor- 
tance and  easily  masked  by  other  sec- 
ondary influences,  such  as  the  unavoid- 
able discrepancies  in  the  fineness  and 
purity  of  the  dust. 

The  well-established  fact  that  explo- 
sions more  frequently  traverse  the  in- 
takes than  the  returns  is  sometimes  ex- 
pressed by  saying  that  in  dust  explo- 
sions the  flame  "rushes  toward  fresh 
air."  Now  the  air  in  returns  only  dif- 
fers from  that  in  intakes  in  having  a 
higher  temperature,  often  an  increased 
humidity,  a  slight  reduction  in  the  oxy- 
gen percentage,  and  a  slight  increase  in 
carbon  dioxide.  The  increase  in  hu- 
midity will  have  no  notable  influence  in 
the  propagation  of  a  dust  explosion,  and 
the  variation  in  composition  of  the  air 
is  so  small  that  it  appears  doubtful 
whether  it  can  have  any  appreciable 
effect;  this  (with  slight  reservations  on 
the  last  point)  the  results  of  the  experi- 
ments go  to  show  that  the  atmosphere 
of  a  return  is  practically  as  favorable  a 
medium  for  carrying  a  dust  explosion  as 
that  of  an  intake.  Since  it  is  evident 
that  the  quality  of  the  air  has  little  to  do 
with    the    comparative    immunity    of    re- 


I 


December  24,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1267 


turns  from  dust  explosions,  the  question 
may  now  be  asked  as  to  whether  the 
direction  of  the  air-current  before  the 
explosion  has  any  effect.  When  an  ex- 
plosion of  dust  is  witnessed  in  the  test- 
gallery  under  favorable  conditions,  using 
fine,  pure  dust,  rich  in  volatile  constit- 
uents, it  becomes  very  evident  that  the 
blasts  of  air  arising  immediately  on  the 
ignition  of  the  dust,  and  which  not  only 
accompany  but  also  precede  the  flame, 
have  a  velocity  so  vastly  superior  to  that 
of  a  normal  current  of  air  traversing  a 
mine  roadway  that  the  original  direc- 
tion of  the  latter  must  be  a  matter  of 
indifference.  If  the  point  has  any  bear- 
ing at  all,  it  can  only  be  oi  importance 
at  the  origin  of  the  ignition,  where  the 
the  air  movements  are  less  violent 
than  when  the  explosion  has  got  thor- 
oughly under  way;  for  example,  if  an 
explosion  should  originate  in  a  short 
entry  turning  off  at  right  angles  from 
an  airway,  the  air  current  passing  in  the 
latter  may  have  some  influence  on  the 
respective  rates  at  which  the  ignition  is 
carried  forward  on  the  two  sides  of  the 
entry.  In  such  a  case,  it  would  seem 
at  first  sight  that  the  inflammation  would 
be  facilitated  in  its  passage  along  the 
airway  in  the  direction  coincident  with 
that  of  the  normal  current. 

It  will  not.  however,  be  possible  to 
speak  authoritatively  on  this  point  until 
the  gallery  has  been  provided  with 
branches  and  further  experiments  have 
been  conducted  in  it,  for  it  might  hap- 
pen that  the  actual  effect  is  just  the 
reverse  of  that  indicated,  owing  to  the 
fact  that  an  explosion-wave,  opposed  in 
direction  to  the  flo\»'  of  the  air-current 
would  probably  cause  considerable 
swirling  and  eddying,  which  would  fa- 
cilitate the  raising  of  dust.  All  that 
can  be  said  at  present  in  this  connec- 
tion, then,  is  that  the  direction  of  the 
normal  air  current  has  no  tangible  in- 
fluence on  the  propagation  ot  a  violent 
dust  explosion,  but  may  possibly  have 
some  bearing  on  the  direction  which  the 
explosion  takes  in  the  first  instance;  or 
it  may  affect  the  development  of  a  slow 
ignition  produced  under  less  favorable 
conditions.  The  results  of  the  experi- 
ments render  it  possible  to  rssign  an- 
other reason  to  the  freedom  of  returns 
from  explosions,  through  the  fact  that 
they  are  generally  narrower  than  in- 
takes. Narrow  galleries  act  in  the  same 
way  as  partial  obstructions,  which  have 
been  shown  by  recent  experiments  to 
exert  a  great  modifying  influence;  they 
offer  more  resistance  than  the  wider  in- 
takes to  the  passage  of  air-blasts,  and 
reduce  at  the  same  time  their  speed  and 
their  power  of  raising  dust.  Again,  in 
most  mines,  returns  are  less  favorable 
to  dust  explosions  either  through  the 
simple  fact  that  coal  is  no  longer 
trammed  along  them,  or  because  the 
rubbish    is    all    trammed    out    that    way. 


and  that  repairs  are  constantly  produc- 
ing stone  dust.  As  a  rule  whatever  car- 
bonaceous dust  there  may  be  in  returns 
is  exposed  for  a  longer  time  than  that 
in  intakes  to  atmospheric  agencies  which 
alter  its  composition  and  perhaps  di- 
minish its  aptitude  to  carry  an  explo- 
sion. This  latter  question  has  been  dis- 
cussed in  connection  with  the  Monongah 
and  Oarr  disasters,  and  it  is  intended  to 
studv'  it  subsequently  at  Lievin. 

Thk   Influence  of  the   Initial  Cause 
OF  the  Explosion 

Of  all  the  determining  causes  of  a 
dust  explosion  those  appertaining  to  the 
mode  of  ignition  are  among  the  most  de- 
cisive. 

In  order  to  fire  an  explosive  mixture 
of  gases,  all  that  is  necessary  is  to  bring 
a  portion  of  the  mixture  to  the  tempera- 
ture of  ignition;  the  firing  of  dust,  how- 
ever, is  more  difficult,  because  the  in- 
flammable mixture  of  air  and  dust  is 
not  usually  formed  in  advance.  Under 
normal  conditions  the  air  of  mines  only 
holds  in  effective  suspension  a  fraction 
of  a  gram,  and  exceptionally  a  few 
grams,  of  dust  per  cubic  meter.  Such 
a  cloud  is  not  dense  enough  to  be  in- 
flammable. 

Occasionally  a  quantity  of  dust  may 
be  thrown  into  the  air  in  excess  of  the 
limit  of  inflammability  through  some  ac- 
cidental cause,  and  the  question  may 
then  be  asked  as  to  whether,  in  such 
circumstances,  the  naked  flame  of  a 
lamp  is  sufficient  to  produce  an  ignition, 
or  whether  it  is  necessary  to  have  a 
source  of  heat  of  greater  'volume  or 
greater  intensity.  Inquiry  may  also  be 
made  if  compression  is  necessary,  too, 
at  the  initiation  of  an  explosion — this 
theory  having  been  sometimes  advocated. 
In  elucidation  of  these  points  experi- 
ments were  conducted  in  the  following 
way:  At  one  or  two  meters  from  a  naked 
lamp-flame  was  placed  a  heap  of  fine, 
pure,  Lievin  dust  containing  30  per  cent. 
of  volatile  hydrocarbons;  a  strong  jet  of 
air,  conveyed  by  a  branch  pipe  from  a 
compressed  air  main,  was  then  caused 
to  play  on  the  heap,  causing  a  volumin- 
ous cloud  of  dust  to  pass  over  the  lamp 
and  to  extend  many  meters  beyond. 
When  the  cloud  was  sufficiently  dense, 
an  ignition  occurred  which  traveled  to 
the  boundaries  of  the  cloud.  The  same 
result  was  also  attained  with  an  arc- 
lamp,  the  one  used  in  the  tests  absorb- 
ing 20  amp.  at  40  to  50  volts.  In  an- 
other experiment  a  cloud  was  continually 
formed  by  blowing  the  same  kind  of 
dust  from  the  mouth  of  a  hollow  cone— 
the  orifice  being  65  cm.  across — by 
means  of  a  special  ejector.  The  cloud 
was  then  ignited  by  the  aid  of  a  flaming 
rag  previously  soaked  in  petrel,  and,  by 
regulating  the  ejector  properly,  it  was 
found  that  the  burning  rag  could  be 
withdrawn    while    the    dust    cloud    con- 


tinued to  burn  from  the  mouth  ot  the 
cone  in  the  same  way  that  a  mixture  of 
coal-gas  and  air  burns  on  a  Bunsen 
burner. 

ExHLOsioNs  Attributed  to  Ignition  of 
Dust   by   a   Naked   Flame 

Experience  has  shown  that  inflamma- 
tions of  a  similar  character  to  these 
might  occur  in  practice.  There  have 
been  several  cases  of  dust  having  fired 
at  an  Argand  or  other  form  of  open 
light  near  coal-chutes  in  screening 
sheds,  while  at  the  Middleton  mine, 
England,  on  Sept.  2,  1907,  a  cloud  of 
dust  raised  by  a  raKe  of  full  trams 
traveling  outbye  in  a  very  dusty  intake, 
was  ignited  under  the  eyes  of  an  official 
by  a  burning  "snuff"  from  the  wick  of 
a  lamp  being  flicked  onto  the  floor. 
Again,  certain  localized  dust  explosions 
have  been  attributed  to  the  ignition  by 
a  naked  flame  or  an  arc-lamp  of  the 
cloud  of  dust  raised  by  a  runaway  rake 
of  trams  on  a  dusty  incline.  This  same 
initial  cause  has  been  reported  on  in 
connection  with  the  generalized  explo- 
sion  at   Monongah,   West   Virginia. 

Though  the  probability  of  a  dust  ex- 
plosion arising  by  the  above  process  is 
certainly  not  nil — both  experience  and 
experiment  testifying  to  that — it  is  very 
slight.  The  tests  showed  that  dust 
clouds  had  to  be  quite  thick  and  opaque 
before  they  could  be  ignited  at  a  naked 
flame  or  electric  arc;  hence  it  is  con- 
cluded that  clouds  of  an  inflammable 
density,  produced  in  the  ordinary  work- 
ing of  a  mine,  are  of  rare  occurrence. 
Moreover,  save  in  exceptional  circum- 
stances such  as  those  which  obtained  at 
Monongah,  the  volume  of  such  a  cloud 
can  only  be  a  few  cubic  meters  at  the 
most.  It  is  further  to  be  noted  that  the 
initial  speed  of  the  flame  in  a  cloud 
that  is  not  caused  to  eddy  violently  is 
very  small;  also  that  the  air-blasts  re- 
sulting from  the  production  of  quanti- 
ties of  warm  gases  in  a  limited  space 
only  attain  the  speed  and  violence  es- 
sential to  the  lifting  of  more  dust  and 
to  the  generalization  of  the  explosion 
when  the  original  ignition  has  been  able 
to  feed  on  a  large  volume  of  inflammable 
mixture — and  such  a  volume  is  not  gen- 
erally present  in  the  circumstances  now 
being  discussed. 

A  coal-dust  explosion  is  produced 
much  more  easily  through  the  detona- 
tion of  an  explosive,  or  through  the  fir- 
ing of  a  suflficient  amount  of  firedamp. 
Such  an  occurrence  gives  rise  to  a  much 
larger  dust  cloud  in  the  first  instance, 
and  creates  besides,  violent  eddies  in  the 
cloud  which  accelerate  the  speed  of 
propagation  of  the  flame  to  a  singular 
extent.  To  the  effect  of  the  eddies  must 
be  added  that  due  to  the  accelcrative  in- 
fluence of  the  initial  ignition.  It  fol- 
lows from  the  fact  of  the  specific  grav- 
ity of  the  dust  particles  being  so  greatly 


1268 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


superior  to  that  of  air,  that  they  will  be 
given  a  velocity  different  to  that  of  the 
air  surrounding  them;  this  will  increase 
the  speed  of  ignition  since  the  more 
rapidly  a  combustible  body  moves 
through  the  air  the  quicker  it  will  burn. 
These  facts  permit  us  to  comprehend 
with  what  facility  a  dust  explosion  may 
be  caused  by  firing  an  explosive  or  a 
quantity  of  firedamp. 

Explosions  Resulting  from  Shot 
Firing 

Dealing  first  with  explosions  resulting 
from   shot   firing,   it   is   to   be   noted   that 
the  shot   needs   to   produce   two   effects, 
namely,  the  raising  of  a  cloud  of  dust, 
and    its    ignition.      If    the    drill-hole    is 
properly  charged  and  fired,  all  the  avail- 
able energy  of  the   charge  is  converted 
into  useful  work,  and  is  applied  in  break- 
ing  ground.      The    broken    rock    will    be 
thrown    forward    with    a    velocity    which 
will  be  inversely  proportional  to  the  to- 
tal  weight  shifted;   hence,   with   a  good 
shot,  this  velocity  must  be  small,  and  as 
a  result  the  air  of  the  place  will  not  be 
much  shaken  and   the  dust   will   only  be 
slightly  lifted;   in  addition,  very   little,  if 
any,   exterior   flame    will   accompany   the 
shot,  and  even  if  a  little  should  make  an 
appearance    it    will    be    so    intermingled 
with    rock    fragments    as    to    reduce    the 
chances  of  a  dust-ignition  to  a  minimum. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  shot  should, 
blow-out,  or — to  state  the  extreme  case — 
if  it  should  be  fired  in  a  cannon  without 
stemming,    all    the    available    mechanical 
energy  of  the  charge  is  employed  in  put- 
ting  in   motion   the    air   of   the    gallery; 
and,  since  the  specific  gravity  of  air  is 
small,  the  accelerations  and  velocities  so 
induced  will  be  very  large;  at  the  same 
time  there  will  be  considerable  projection 
of    flame.      Hence    these    conditions    will 
be  as  favorable  as  possible  to  the  lifting 
of   dnst    and    to    its    immediate    ignition. 
In    these    favorable    circumstances,    the 
experiments  have  shown  that  explosives 
differ  in  regard  to  their  power  of  lifting 
and   of   firing  dust.     It  was  shown  that 
black   powder,    which    is   sometimes   con- 
sidered   to   be    the    most    dangerous   ex- 
plosive,  is   indeed,   by   virtue   of   its   per- 
sistent and  bulky  flame,  the  best  capable 
of  firing  dust  which  has  been  previously 
raised  in  a  cloud.     But  if  the  dust  sim- 
ply  lies   on   the   floor,   as   is   usually   the 
case  in  mines,  different  results  were  ob- 
tained, black  powder,  because  of  its  com- 
parative slow   ignition,   causing   less  vio- 
lent  disturbances    in    the    air   and    hence 
acting    less    powerfully    in    lifting    dust 
than  an  equal  weight  of  high  explosive. 
For  instance,  using  a  cannon  of  55  cm. 
bore  placed  60  cm.  above  a  dusty  floor, 
ready    ignitions    were    produced    with    a 
charge  of  160  grams  of  blasting-gelatin, 
but  the  dust  was  fired  only  exceptionally 
under  the  same  conditions  with  charges 
of  powder  up  to  500  grams.     High  ex- 


plosives— and  most  of  the  French  safety 
explosives  fall  into  this  class — raise  dust 
easily,  but  fire  it  with  difficulty,  the  flame 
being  too  short  in  length  and  brief  in 
period  of  time;  hence,  by  the  time  the 
d,ust  is  raised  to  the  vicinity  of  the  axis 
of  the  cannon,  the  gases  passing  from 
the  latter  will  have  cooled  to  some  ex- 
tent. To  render  the  dust  capable  of 
coming  into  contact  with  the  gases  be- 
fore they  cool  too  far,  the  cannon  was 
placed  nearer  the  dust,  and  it  was  found 
that  by  reducing  the  hight  of  the  axis 
of  the  cannon  from  60  to  30  cm.,  the 
minimum  charge  of  grisoutine'  neces- 
sary to  explode  the  dust  fell  from  over 
1000  down  to  500  grams. 

Gelatin   Is  Most  Capable  of   Produc- 
ing   Dust    Explosion 

Of  all  those  explosives  that  were  tried, 
gelatin  seemed  most  capable  of  produc- 
ing a  dust  explosion.  Under  the  condi- 
tions that  obtained  in  the  test  gallery, 
the  high  shattering  power  of  this  explo- 
sive, together  with  the  high  temperature 
and  large  volume  of  the  flame,  being  ef- 
fects favorable  to  the  ready  lifting  and 
firing  of  the  dust.  A  further  effect  of 
the  shattering  action  is  to  create  an  ex- 
treme agitation  in  the  air  of  the  gallery, 
which  adds  considerably  to  the  speed  at 
which  a  dust  explosion  is  propagated  dur- 
ing its  first  phase;  it  is  also  possible 
that  the  pressure  of  the  wave  of  detona- 
tion has  an  accelerative  influence.  The 
combination  of  these  various  effects  ren- 
ders gelatin  the  readiest  and  most  cer- 
tain means  of  producing  dust  explosions 
at  the  disposal  of  the  experimenter. 

It  is  not  considered,  however,  that  it 
necessarily  follows  that  gelatin  is  the 
most  dangerous  explosive  in  the  mine. 
The  probability  of  the  occurrence  of  an 
explosion  underground  is  actually  the 
product  of  three  factors,  namely:  (a) 
The  probability  of  an  ignition  taking 
place  when  a  dangerous  circumstance 
occurs,  such  as  a  blown-out  shot;  (b) 
the  probability  of  occurrence  of  such  a 
condition — for  example,  the  proportion 
of  blown-out  shots  in  the  total  number 
fired;  and  (c)  the  frequency  of  shot- 
firing,  which  may  be  measured  as  the 
number  of  shots  fired  per  ton  of  coal 
gotten,  or  per  meter  of  advance  of  the 
face.  In  the  case  of  nelatin,  though 
the  first  of  these  factors  has  been  stated 
to  be  more  important,  the  second  and 
third  are  less  important  than  with  any 
other  explosive;  and  it  is  the  combina- 
tion of  the  three  that  measures  the  prob- 
ability of  an  explosion  arising  with  the 
explosive. 

Having  dealt  with  shots  properly 
charged  and  fired,  and  with  those  that 
blow-out,  it  was  necessary  to  experiment 
with  charges  set  off  outside  shot  holes 
among  dust  in  order  to  be  able  to  pre- 


-\   Frpiic'li  siifciv  exniosivi-,   hiiviin;  nmnu>n- 
i>im  nltiuto  and  nlfrogl.vccrin  as  active  basi-s. 


sent  a  full  statement  of  the  case.  Several 
trials  conducted  with  safety  explosives 
seemed  to  indicate  that  ignition  in  such 
circumstances  is  not  easy;  instead  of  the 
dust  coming  under  the  influence  of  the 
eddies  caused  by  the  jet  of  hot  gases 
issuing  from  a  cannon  or  blown  out  shot, 
the  dust  is  scattered  on  all  sides  a  great 
distance  from  the  flame. 

Addition  of  Firedamp  Reduces  Likeli- 
hood OF  Explosion 

Another  interesting  question  touched 
on  in  the  trials  was  that  of  the  inflamma- 
tion of  dust  by  a  preliminary  explosion 
of  firedamp.  When  the  conditions  were 
favorable,  it  was  found  that  by  firing 
only  100  grams  of  black  powder  into  8 
cu.m.  of  a  mixture  of  firedamp  and  air, 
a  vigorous  blast  of  air  and  wave  of  com- 
pression were  produced,  easily  giving 
rise  to  a  dust  explosion.  When  gas  was 
fired  by  a  charge  of  gelatin,  voluminous 
flames  were  seen  to  issue  from  the  mouth 
of  the  gallery,  while,  judging  from  the 
great  pressures  attained,  and  from  the 
noise  and  dynamical  effects  of  the  igni- 
tion, it  appeared  that  the  addition  of  fire- 
damp intensified  the  violence  of  the  ex- 
plosion; it  was  not,  however,  found  that 
the  speed  of  the  explosion  was  sensibly 
increased.  It  was  also  demonstrated  that 
when  conditions  are  not  so  favorable  tp 
a  dust  explosion,  the  addition  of  firedamp 
to  a  gelatin  charge  actually  reduces  the 
likelihood  of  explosion,  and  it  is  pro- 
posed to  explain  this  para:doxical  effect 
through  the  deadening  influence  of  the 
large  quantities  of  carbon  dioxide  and 
watery  vapor  thrown  into  the  atmosphere 
by  the  ignition  of  the  firedamp.  In  ex- 
periments of  the  scale  of  those  in  the 
test  gallery  it  would  seem  that  firedamp 
does  not  form  the  surest  priming  for  a 
dust  explosion,  and  it  was  thought  better 
to  eliminate  it  entirely  when  studying 
the  rationale  of  dust  explosions,  merely 
employing  gelatin  fired  unstemmed  from 
a  cannon  as  the  mode  of  ignition. 

Dealing  with  the  magnitude  of  dust 
explosions  caused  by  firing  unstemmed 
shots,  it  was  found  that  when  conditions 
are  favorable  to  a  dust  ignition,  any 
charge  of  a  weight  in  excess  of  a  certain 
minimum  will  always  produce  an  explo- 
sion, but  the  minimum  weight  may  be 
doubled  or  trebled  without  causing  any 
sensible  difference  in  the  results.  On 
the  other  hand,  if  conditions  are  less 
favorable  to  the  propagation  of  the  flame, 
the  smallest  charge  necessary  to  fire  the 
dust  is  greater  than  the  minimum  just 
mentioned. 

These  two  facts  are  explained  as  fol- 
lows: An  increase  in  the  charge  intensi- 
fies the  eddies  and  accelerations  which 
accompany  the  wave  of  detonation,  and 
also  augments  the  volume  of  the  dust 
cloud  raised.  The  former  effect  is  lim- 
ited to  a  zone  immediately  about  the 
shot-hole,  for  the  detonation  wave,  trav- 


December  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1269 


eling  with  a  velocity  at  least  equal  to 
that  of  sound,  will  outpace  the  flame,  and 
must  then  cease  to  have  a  direct  effect 
on  the  speed  of  propagation;  according- 
ly, under  conditions  favoring  a  dust  igni- 
tion, any  charge  over  and  above  the  min- 
imum weight  will  not  materially  affect 
the  initial  speed  of  the  explosion.  The 
principal  effect  of  such  an  excess,  then, 
is  to  extend  the  zone  in  which  the  dust 
is  raised  by  the  wave  of  detonation  im- 
mediately the  shot  is  fired;  but  this  can 
have  no  influence  on  the  pace  of  the  ex- 
plosion when  conditions  are  favorable  to 
a  dust  ignition,  as  in  such  circumstances 
the  ignition  is  vigorous  enough'  from  its 
start  to  keep  itself  amply  fed  with  dust 
raised  by  the  propulsion  of  the  products 
of  combustion  along  the  gallery,  even  with 
the  minimum  charge;  a  sufficient  supply 
of  dust  being  therefore  insured,  it  is  a 
matter  of  indifference  if  the  cloud  hap- 
pens to  have  been  formed  slightly  earlier 
by  the  wave  of  detonation. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  the  conditions 
are  such  that  a  dust  ignition  can  only  be 
produced  with  difficulty,  the  initial  com- 
bustion of  dust  round  about  the  shot  hole 
may  be  so  slow  as  to  be  incapable  of 
causing,  per  se,  a  good  propulsion  of 
gas  and  a  good  lifting  of  the  dust  in 
front  of  the  flame.  In  such  a  case  an 
increase  in  the  charge,  adding  to  the  vio- 
lence of  the  wave  of  detonation,  will 
have  the  effect  of  raising  a  larger  initial 
cloud  of  dust,  which,  on  being  consumed, 
tt  ill  give  rise  to  a  greater  expansive  pro- 
pulsion of  air.  In  other  words,  as  the 
charge  is  gradually  increased  in  these 
unfavorable  conditions,  the  speed  of  the 
air  blast  is  augmented  little  by  little,  and 
the  dust  is  raised  more  and  more  com- 
pletely in  front  of  the  flame.  Thus  it 
happens,  that  while  the  initial  detona- 
tion simply  plays  the  part  of  a  priming 
when  conditions  are  favorable  to  a  good 
ignition,  yet  in  unfavorable  circum- 
stances, the  pace  of  a  dust  explosion  in 
a  length  approximtaing  to  that  of  the 
65-m.  test  gallery  depends  on  the  mag- 
nitude of  the  initial  detonation,  which 
therefore  decides  whether  an  ignition  will 
terminate  as  a  generalized  explosion  or 
by  dying  out.  It  is  considered  possible, 
that,  by  using  charges  in  excess  of  those 
employed  in  the  tests,  the  limit  of  the 
conditions  permitting  an  explosion  to 
take  place  could  be  extended,  inasmuch 
as  the  heavier  charge  would  lengthen 
the  preliminary  period  during  which  the 
progression  of  the  flame  is  aided  by  the 
initial  raising  of  dust. 

The    Influence   of   the   Quantity   of 
Dust 

Whether  underground  conditions  in  re- 
spect of  coal  dust  may  be  considered 
dangerous  or  not  will  depend  on  the 
1  q^uantity,  the  purity,  the  chemical  com- 
position, and  the  degree  of  dampness  of 
the  dust.    Methodical  investigations  were 


undertaken  to  determine  the  influence  of 
each  of  these  independent  variables,  and 
the  results  of  the  tests  may  be  stated  as 
follows: 

An  important  first  point  in  regard  to 
the  quantity  of  dust  is  the  great  distance 
between  the  upper  and  lower  explosive 
limits.  If  the  combustion  of  the  carbon 
of  the  dust  were  solely  considered,  it 
would  perhaps  be  thought  that  a  dust 
cloud  would  carry  an  explosion  only 
when  its  density  lay  between  narrow 
limits,  neither  being  far  removed  from 
that  of  1 12  grams  of  dust  per  cubic 
meter,  since  in  clouds  of  lesser  density 
there  is  an  insufficiency  of  combus;ible 
material,  and  in  those  of  greater  density 
the  excess  of  it  would  result  in  the  for- 
mation of  carbon  monoxide  and  a  re^  ac- 
tion in  the  temperature  of  combustion. 
The  theoretical  temperatures  of  cmbus- 
tion  respectively,  of  112  and  225  grams 
of  carbon  per  cubic  meter  of  air,  with 
the  formation  of  carbon  dioxide  in  the 
first  case  and  carbon  monoxide  in  the 
second,  are  about  2030  deg.  C,  and  1300 
deg.  Centigrade. 

Volatile    Constituents   of   the    Dust 
Play  an   Important  Part 

The  experiments  conducted  at  Lievin 
have  amply  shown,  however,  that  this 
conclusion  is  incorrect.  They  have 
proved  that  the  volatile  constituents  of 
the  dust  play  a  most  important  part  in 
the  combustion,  and  further,  that  in  or- 
der to  express  the  quantity  of  heat  gen- 
erated, the  combustion  of  the  hydrogen 
has  to  be  taken  into  account,  this  element 
having  an  importance  much  greater  than 
would  at  first  seem  from  the  ultimate 
analysis  of  the  coal.  It  is  therefore  con- 
cluded that  the  cooling  effect  brought 
about  by  the  formation  of  carbon  mon- 
oxide has  less  proportionate  effect  than 
might  be  expected.  Moreover,  a  consid- 
eration of  the  results  attained  by  analyz- 
ing the  products  of  combustion  taken  (a) 
from  close  behind  the  face  of  the  flame, 
and  (b)  from  some  distance  behind  the 
flame,  reveals  that  the  dioxide  and  not 
the  monoxide  of  carbon  is  the  gas  chiefly 
formed  at  the  front  of  the  flame  even 
when  an  excess  of  dust  is  present;  also 
that  a  second  reaction  setting  in  behind 
the  face  of  the  flame  converts  a  large 
proportion  of  the  dioxide  originally 
formed  into  the  monoxide,  and  that  this 
second  reaction  requires  an  appreciable 
time  in  its  performance.  As  the  face  of 
the  flame  is  the  active  region  so  far  as 
the  propagation  of  the  explosion  is  con- 
cerned, it  is  evident  that  an  excess  of 
dust  diminshes  the  quanity  of  heat  gen- 
erated in  that  region  to  a  much  lesser 
degree  than   one   had  supposed. 

There  cannot  be  any  doubt,  neverthe- 
less, that  there  exists  for  dust,  as  for  in- 


'One  (Hincc  of  tlust   per  cuhlc  .vnrd   Is  verv 
ncnrlT  i^r|niviili'nr    tn  :!7  );>'<ims  per  meter. 


flammable  gas,  a  lower  and  an  upper  ex- 
plosive limit.  For  gas  these  limits  de- 
pend on  the  temperature  of  the  source 
of  ignition,  and  correspond  to  the  mix- 
tures whose  temperature  of  combustion 
is  equal  to  that  of  the  igniting  source. 
For  dust,  however,  the  law  is  less  sim- 
ple, for,  unlike  gas,  the  temperature  of 
combustion  cannot  be  deduced  directly 
from  the  composition  of  the  mixture,  ow- 
ing to  various  conditions  (some  inde- 
pendent of  the  amount  of  dust  in  sus- 
pension), modifying  the  reactions  which 
take  place  and  the  influence  of  the  bodies 
participating  in  the  combustion.  Nor  can 
the  evolution  of  heat  be  calculated  with 
certainty,  as  one  is  ignorant  of  the  extent 
to  which  the  residual  solid  particles,  by 
taking  rp  heat,  interact  as  cooling  media, 
and  so  affect  the  propagation  of  the  in- 
flammation. These  phenomena  are  e.x- 
ceedingly  complex,  and  it  is  intended  to 
report  on  them  subsequently,  after  they 
have  been  specially  studied. 

All  that  can  be  definitely  advanced  at 
present  in  this  connection  is  that  various 
causes  combine  to  permit  of  the  inflam- 
mation of  clouds  overcharged  with  dust, 
it  is  also  to  be  noted  that  the  evolution 
of  the  volatile  constituents,  which  take 
a  very  active  part  in  the  combustion,  is 
facilitated  by  the  increased  area  of  ex- 
posed surface  in  these  overcharged 
clouds,  and  furthermore,  such  a  cloud 
will  hold  a  greater  number  of  excessive- 
ly fine  particles,  which  are  evidently  the 
.  )st  inflammable.  Apart  from  the  cool- 
ing action  due  to  the  formation  of  car- 
bon monoxide — which  already  has  been 
stated  not  to  be  of  great  moment — and 
that  due  to  the  residual  solid  matter,  a 
further  retarding  influence  in  an  over- 
charged cloud  will  be  due  to  the  excess 
of  dust  acting  as  a  black  screen  and  pre- 
ventii-n  co  some  extent  the  transference 
of  he-  from  the  face  of  the  flame  to  the 
unbur.it  mixture. 

The  experiments  have  shown  that  the 
upper  explosive  limit  is  very  high  for 
fine,  pure  dust,  rich  in  volatile  matter; 
and  it  wa-  not  reached  even  with  a  dust- 
charge  of  1650  grams  per  cubic  meter 
of  the  gallery,  which  is  15  times  the 
charge  of  112  grams  of  carbon  per  cubic 
meter  of  air  theoretically  corresponding 
to  complete  combustion.  It  must  be  re- 
membered, however,  that  especially  with 
heavy  overcharges,  the  dust  is  only  lifted 
imperfectly,  and  in  consequence  the 
weight  of  dust  actually  in  suspension  in 
the  test  just  referred  to,  did  not  reach 
the  amount  of  1650  grams.  Though  this 
quantity  fell  short  of  the  upper  explosive 
limit,  it  was  in  excess  of  the  amount  that 
gave  the  maximum  rate  of  explosion, 
which  was  attained  for  fine,  pure  Lievin 
dust  between  the  dust-charges  of  337 
and  610  grams  per  cubic  meter  of  air — 
these  amounts  being  almost  entirely 
thrown  into  suspension  during  the  pas- 
sage of  the  flame. 


1270 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINiNG  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


With   Less   Infammable   Dust 

When  less  inflammable  dust  is  used, 
the  limits  necessarily  converge,  and  there 
is  then  some  chance  of  the  upper  limit 
falling;  it  would  seem  from  the  follow- 
ing cases  that  it  has  been  approached: 

Coarse  pure  dust  from  Lievin,  with  30 
per  cent,  volatile  hydrocarbons,  has 
transmitted  an  inflammation  at  the  very 
high  charge  of  1300  grams  of  dust. 
Dust  from  Noeux,  containing  24  per  cent, 
volatile  matter,  propagated  flame,  though 
at  a  very  reduced  speed,  with  the  large 
dust-charge  of  900  grams.  Dust  with 
only  15  per  cent,  volatile  matter,  which 
never  could  be  made  to  explode,  never- 
theless gave  rise  to  a  longer  flame  with 
charges  from  1 12  to  450  grams  than 
with  orders  in  excess  of,  or  lesser  than, 
these  amounts. 

Under  the  conditions  obtaining  in  the 
tests,  the  lower  explosive  limit  for  fine 
Lievin  dust  strewn  on  the  floor  of  the 
gallery  appeared  to  be  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  112  grams  per  cubic  meter. 
This  is  a  higher  figure  than  was  obtained 
in  previous  tests  in  which  the  dust  had 
been  flung  into  the  air  prior  to  firing  the 
shot  into  it,  and  it  therefore  becomes  ap- 
parent that  the  rate  at  which  the  dust  is 
lifted  must  be  taken  into  account.  The 
coarser  dusts  are  more  difficult  to  lift 
and  are  probably  less  inflammable  than 
the  finer  ones,  and  their  lower  limit  of 
inflammability  was  determined  as  225 
grams  or  thereabouts.  It  was  found  that 
difficulties  arose  in  determining  the  pre- 
cise lower  limit  for  fine  dust  containing 
24  per  cent,  volatile  matter.  The  charges 
that  fired  least  readily  lay  between  225 
and  337  grams  per  cubic  meter;  but  it  is 
not  possible  at  the  present  state  of 
knowledge  to  say  if  this  irregularity  in 
behavior  is  merely  a  chance  result,  or 
one  of  the  consequences  of  the  complex- 
ity of  the  laws  governing  the  combustion 
of  dust. 

Conclusions 

From  these  considerations  and  results 
the  following  conclusions  are  deduced: 

In  testing  whether  a  dust  is  dangerous, 
different  charges  of  dust  must  be  used 
in  the  trials,  and  experiments  must  be 
made  with  quantities  greatly  in  excess 
of  the  theoretical  charge  of  112  grams 
per  cubic  meter  of  air,  for,  as  an  actual 
fact,  charges  of  some  of  the  less  inflam- 
mable dusts  in  the  neighborhood  of  500 
grams  gave  the  longest  flames  or  the 
easiest  ignitions.  Inasmuch  as  the  up- 
per explosive  limit  has  been  shown  to  be 
difficult  to  reach,  an  excess  of  dust  can- 
not be  counted  on,  in  practice,  to  stop 
an  explosion;  and  it  is  to  be  noted  that 
if  the  flame  encounters  clouds  of  too 
great  a  density,  the  resulting  reduction 
in  speed  diminishes  the  lifting  effect; 
hence  the  cloud  loses  density,  and  there 
is  therefore  something  in  the  nature  of 
an  automatic  adiust-nent  continually  tak- 


ing place  as  the  fiame  traverses  a  gal- 
lery in  which  an  excess  of  dust  is  pres- 
ent. 

Again,  the  lower  limits  of  inflammabil- 
ity are  generally  so  low  that  there  will 
be  sufficient  dust  in  most  parts  of  a  dusty 
mine  to  give  rise  to  an  explosion.  A 
gallery  2  m.  high  and  2  m.  broad  has-an 
area  of  4  sq.m.  and  a  perimeter  of  8  m.; 
with  a  dust  charge  of  112  grams  per 
cubic  meter,  which  corresponds  to  the 
lower  limit  of  some  dusts,  there  will  be 
450  grams  per  running  meter  and  56 
grams  per  square  meter  of  wall  area,  as- 
suming the  dust  to  be  deposited  evenly. 
Taking  the  apparent  specific  gravity  of 
dust  as  0.5,  the  thickness  of  the  dust-lay- 
er in  the  case  under  consideration  will  be 
about  one-tenth  of  a  millimeter  (0.112 
mm.,  to  be  exact);  such  a  thickness  is 
habitually  considered  small  by  practical 
men.  The  mean  dust-charge  and  the 
greatest  dust-charge  of  the  experiments, 
namely,  450  and  900  grams  per  cubic 
meter,  if  allowed  to  settle  uniformly  on 
the  walls,  roof  and  floor  of  the  above 
gallery,  respectively  correspond  to  lay- 
ers 0.45  and  0.90  mm.  in  thickness, 
which  are  by  no  means  rarely  met  with 
in  dusty  mines. 

Hence  it  follows  that  it  is  impossible 
to  guarantee  that  a  roadway  is  immune 
from  a  dust  explosion  because  there  hap- 
pens to  be  only  a  thin  deposit  of  dust  on 
the  floor  and  walls;  and  again,  that  little 
dependence  can  be  placed  on  the  opera- 
tion of  removing  dust  as  a  preventative 
measure  if  that  precaution  is  the  only  one 
applied.  This  last  conclusion  does  not 
hold,  however,  if  the  dust  is  removed  by 
means  of  a  jet  or  strong  spray  of  water 
under  pressure. 

Sprinkling  as  a  Preventative  Measure 

With  regard  to  sprinkling,  it  is  evident 
that  if  sufficient  water  is  used  to  convert 
the  dust  into  a  fluid  mud,  it  becomes  im- 
possible to  fire  it.  If  water  is  added  lit- 
tle by  little  to  10  grams  of  very  fine 
dust,  it  is  seen  at  first  that  the  -water  as- 
sumes the  form  of  globules  surrounded 
by  a  dusty  skin  and  does  not  wet  the 
mass;  on  thorough  mixing,  however,  it 
is  incorporated,  and  when  three  or  four 
cubic  centimeters  are  added,  the  dust  no 
longer  appears  in  a  finely  divided  state, 
but  tends  to  agglomerate;  the  agglomera- 
tion is  not  complete  until  the  weight  of 
water  is  at  least  equal  to  that  of  the  dust. 
On  adding  a  further  50  per  .cent,  of 
water,  pasty  mud  is  formed,  which  be- 
comes fluid  when  the  weight  of  water  is 
double  that  of  the  dust.  In  this  latter 
condition  there  is  no  need  of  tests  to 
show  that  the  mass  is  noninflammable. 
In  practice,  the  mixing  of  dust  and  water 
iu  very  imperfect;  after  a  dusty  area  has 
been  sprinkled  it  will  be  found  that  the 
dust  is  scarcely  wetted;  because  the 
sprinkling  is  not  evenly  done,  a  part  of 
the  area  will  escape  wetting,  while  some 


of  the  dust  will  float  on  the  water.  In- 
quiry had  therefore  to  be  made  as  to 
whether  such  an  operation  will  be  effi- 
cacious even  when  a  large  excess  of 
water  is  used,  and  experiments  were 
made  to  determine  the  efficiency  of 
sprinkling. 

When  water  was  used  in  adequate 
quantity,  it  was  found  to  be  sufficient  to 
impede  the  lifting  of  dust  in  front  of  a 
shot-hole.  In  cases  where  an  initial 
ignition  of  dust  was  produced,  a  weight 
of  water  equal  to  that  of  the  dust  was 
found  capable  of  preventing  an  explo- 
sion spreading,  providing  the  dust  did  not 
exceed  45t)  grams  per  cubic  meter  of  the 
gallery.  The  nearer  the  wetted  area  was 
to  the  shot  the  more  efficaciously  it  acted 
in  preventing  an  ignition  of  dust.  It  is 
not  to  be  doubted  that  water  acts  bene- 
ficially in  cooling  the  flame  as  well  as  in 
interfering  with  the  formation  of  a  dust- 
cloud,  and  this  double  influence  is 
stronger  when  the  lifting  action  of  the 
shot  is  weaker,  and  when  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  flame  happens  to  be  low. 
More  water  is  needed  to  prevent  a  strong 
detonation  producing  an  initial  ignition 
than  to  stop  such  an  inflammation  de- 
veloping into  a  generalized  explosion;  it 
is  also  true  that  a  much  greater  propor- 
tion of  water  is  required  to  stop  a  dust 
explosion  that  has  got  thoroughly  under 
way.  In  this  connection  it  is  intended  ta 
publish,  at  a  later  date,  a  separate  ac- 
count of  trials  of  wet  zones  conducted 
in  the  230-m.  test-gallery. 

Though  the  experiments  described 
above  have  shown  that  sprinkling  can 
effectively  prevent  a  dust  explosion  aris- 
ing without  any  excessive  quantity  of 
water  being  necessary,  yet  in  practice 
evaporation  will  render  sprinkling  nuga- 
tory unless  it  is  performed  immediately 
before  the  occurrence  of  the  initial  cause 
of  inflammation.  This  is  possible  for  a 
shot,  but  not  for  an  explosion  of  fire- 
damp unless  the  whole  of  the  dust  is 
wetted  at  frequent  intervals. 


COLLIERY  NOTES  «^ 


The  Dominion  Government  has  appro- 
priated $75,000  to  cover  the  cost  of  the 
investigation  now  being  carried  on  by  the 
Mines  Branch,  Ottawa,  into  the  econo;ni- 
cal  value  of  Canadian  peat  bogs.  This  is 
an  increase  of  S25,000  over  last  year's 
appropriation. 

In  the  Oak  Creek  district  of  the  Yampa 
coalfield,  the  Routt  County  Fuel  Company 
is  producing  5^00  tons  per  day  of  a  fine, 
hard,  bright  bituminous  coal.  The  Mc- 
Kinlay  mine,  on  the  same  seam — to  which 
n  spur  is  being  built  to  connect  with 
the  Moffat  road  is  installing  machinery, 
and  the  expectation  is  to  output  500  tons 
per  dav  by  the  first  of  the  year.  The 
strike  of  the  miners  of  the  Oak  Hills 
Coal  Company,  which  lasted  all  summer, 
is  said  to  be  ended. 


t 
I 


December  24,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1271 


i      PERS  ONAL     [i 


Minini^  and  iiii'iallurgicul  en^im-ers  are  in- 
\iifil  to  kt't-p  TiiK  E.\t;ixKKUiN<.;  am>  MiMNt: 
.liiiiiNAi.  ini'dnnr'd  of  theii'  movements  anil 
;iiil)oiniuR'nt.s. 


C.  W.  Goodale  has  returned,  to  Butte. 

Frank  Dean,  of  Chicago,  was  recently 
at  Tombstone,  Ariz.,  on  professional  busi- 
ness. 

W.  A.  Wallace  recently  spent  a  week 
at  Tombstone,  Ariz.,  and  went  thence  to 
Mexico. 

Charles  W.  Mitchell  has  resigned  his 
position  as  general  superintendent  of  the 
Dominion  Steel  works. 

J.  Parke  Channing  expects  to  leave  for 
the  Southwest  on  Dec.  27.  He  recently 
returned  from  Lake  Superior. 

A.  J.  Beaudette,  mining  engineer  for 
the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Railway,  has 
established  his  office  at  Winnipeg.  Man- 
itoba. 

Ernest  Levy,  of  Rossland,  B.  C,  man- 
ager of  Le  Roi  No.  2,  Ltd.,  and  the  Van 
Roi  Mining  Company,  has  been  at  Spo- 
kane and  Seattle. 

Henry  M.  Waite,  vice-president  of  the 
Clinchfield  Coal  Company  of  Virginia, 
has  been  visiting  Birmingham,  Ala.,  his 
former  residence. 

James  M.  Hyde,  of  Palo  Alto,  Cal., 
representing  the  Minerals  Separation 
Company,  of  London,  is  on  his  way  from 
Mexico  to  London. 

Prof.  H.  S.  Munroe,  for  whom  1911 
A'ill  be  his  sabbatical  year,  is  planning  to 
?o  abroad,  expecting  to  sail  from  New 
Vork  on  Feb.  4  next. 

H.  J.  Booth,  A.  C.  Narnsdale  and  E.  A. 
Drake,  of  Boston  are  inspecting  mining 
properties  in  which  they  are  interested 
n  the  Port  Arthur,  Ont.,  district. 

George  H.  Aylard,  of  New  Denver,  B. 
Z.,  manager  of  the  Standard  silver-lead 
■nine  near  Silverton,  Slocan  lake,  was  in 
Spokane,  Wash.,  early  in  December. 

Francis  C.  Bowman,  who  conducted  the 
;xamination  of  the  Sunnyside  mine  has 
■eturned  to  inspect  the  new  orebodies 
struck  in  Terry  tunnel  since  the  same  was 
;ompIeted. 

Samuel  Bilsky,  of  Ottawa,  and  John 
Jlack,  of  Montreal,  are  associated  in  an 
:xtensive  purchase  of  sandstone  quar- 
ies  in  the  Ottawa  district  and  near  Mon- 
real. 

Carl  O.  Lindberg,  mining  engineer  for 
>purr  &  Cox,  of  New  York,  is  acting  as 
uperintendent  of  the  Santa  Gertrudis 
nine  at  Pachuca,  Mexico.  This  is  the 
ew  Camp  Bird  property. 

Robert  W.  Hollis  has  been  appointed 
iianager  of  the  Silver  Ledge  mine.  Mr. 
lollis  has  been  trustee  of  this  property 
or  many  years  and  is  well  acquainted 
i.ith  its  orebodies  and  its  needs. 

Walter  Harvey  Weed  is  still  in  Butte, 
lont.,    examining    the     Bufte-Ballaklava 


mine  and  will  probably  be  the  chief  wit- 
ness for  this  company  in  the  law  suit 
pending  with  the  Amalgamated. 

Joseph  M.  Bourke  has  been  appointed 
by  the  Temiskaming  &  Northern  Ontario 
Railway  Commission  to  take  charge  of 
the  construction  of  the  branch  of  that 
railway  from  the  main  line  near  Kelso  to 
Porcupine. 

A.  N.  C.  Treadgold,  head  of  a  placer 
gold  mining  company  which  is  preparing 
for  extensive  hydraulicking  operations  in 
the  Yukon,  left  Dawson  Nov.  24  by  spe- 
cial stage  for  the  Coast,  on  his  way  to 
New  York. 

Frank  H.  Probert  recently  returned  to 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  from  a  professional 
visit  to  the  Superior  &  Boston  mines,  at 
Globe,  Ariz.,  and  left  again  Dec.  9  to 
make  a  thorough  examination  of  the  Ray 
Central  mine,  at  Ray,  Arizona. 

Wesley  Harris,  district  superintendent 
of  the  Vandalia  Coal  Mining  Company, 
has  resigned  to  accept  a  similar  position 
with  the  Chicago  &  Indianapolis  Coal 
Mining  Company,  operating  Shirley  Hill 
mine  No.   1,  near  Linton,  Indiana. 

F.  J.  Tone,  works  manager  of  the  Car- 
borundum Company,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y., 
has  lately  been  suffering  from  a  serious 
illness.  He  is  now  on  the  road  to  re- 
covery, and  is  going  away,  on  a  leave 
of  absence  in  order  to  complete  con- 
valescence. 

Dr.  Herbert  Gray  Torrey,  for  37  years 
chief  assayer  at  the  United  States  assay 
office  in  New  York,  has  opened  an  office 
as  assayer  and  metallurgist  at  99  John 
street.  New  York.  He  has  associated 
with  him  Charles  Taylor,  the  firm  name 
being  H.  G.  Torrey  &  Co. 

John  F.  Meagher,  late  superintendent 
of  the  Whitworth  division  of  the  Ten- 
nessee Coal,  fron  and  Railroad  Company, 
has  been  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
Mulga  mines  of  the  Birmingham  Coal  and 
Iron  Company,  at  Mulga,  Ala.  Thomas 
G.  Fear,  succeeds  Mr.  Meagher  at  Whit- 
well. 

C.  S.  Herzig  and  W.  Murdoch  Wiley 
have  resigned  as  president  and  vice- 
president,  respectively,  of  the  Constant- 
Herzig  Company.  C.  S.  Herzig  has  taken 
over  the  mining  contracts  and  will  con- 
tinue the  business  heretofore  carried  on 
by  the  mining  department  of  the  com- 
pany. 

Charles  T.  Fairbairn,  of  Pittsburg,  late 
general  manager  of  iron  mines  for  the 
Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  has 
been  appointed  manager  of  the  Southern 
division  of  that  company,  with  headquar- 
ters at  Birmingham,  Ala.  He  succeeds 
W.  A.  Greene,  who  will  become  comp- 
troller of  the  Texas  Company  Jan.  1 
next. 

W.  R.  Ingalls,  editor  of  the  Journal, 
has  retired  from  the  editorship  of  "The 
Mineral  Industry,"  publication  of  which 
will    be    continued    by    the    McGraw-Hill 


Book  Company.  Albert  H.  Fay  has  resigned 
from  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Jouknal 
to  become  editor  of  "The  Mineral  Indus- 
try." Frederick  W.  Horton,  who  has  been 
assistant  editor  of  "The  Mineral  Indus- 
try" has  accepted  a  position  with  the  U. 
S.  Bureau  of  Alines. 


+]|OBITUARY     + 


Henry  C.  Davis  died  in  New  York.  Dec. 
15,  aged  61  years.  He  organized  the  Ta- 
coma  Smelting  and  Refining  Company 
some  years  ago.  For  several  years  past 
he  had  been  a  broker  in  New  York. 

Sanford  C.  Prunty  died  at  Guadalajara, 
Mexico,  Dec.  12,  aged  32  years.  He  was 
born  in  Kansas,  and  went  to  Mexico  13 
years  ago.  He  was  for  some  years  con- 
nected with  the  smelting  works  at  San 
Luis  Potosi,  and  recently  started  an  office 
as  mining  engineer  and  assayer  at 
Guadalajara.     He  left  wife  and  one  son. 

Wallace  T.  Foote,  Jr.,  of  Port  Henry, 
N.  Y.,  died  in  New  York,  Dec.  17,  aged 
46  years.  He  was  born  at  Port  Henry 
and  graduated  from  Columbia  University. 
After  practising  law  a  few  years,  he 
turned  his  attention  to  the  iron  business. 
He  was  a  director  of  Witherbee,  Sher- 
man &  Co.,  president  of  the  Mclntyre 
Iron  Company  and  the  Tahawus  Iron 
Ore  Company.  He  served  four  years  in 
Congress  from  the  Essex  district. 

Stewart  Watt,  vice-president  and  su- 
perintendent of  the  Watt  Mining  Car 
Wheel  Company,  died  at  his  residence  at 
Barnesville,  Ohio,  on  Dec.  10,  at  the  age 
of  64.  He  was  ill  but  a  few  days  of 
bronchial  pneumonia.  Mr.  Watt  was, 
with  his  brother  who  died  several  years 
ago,  the  joint  inventor  of  the  first  self- 
oiling  mine  car  wheel,  and  for  the  last  35 
years  had  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  mine  car  wheels.  He 
first  operated  a  foundry  in  1863.  He  was 
born  in  1846  in  Noble  county,  Ohio. 

Walter  L.  Pierce,  who  for  32  years  had 
been  connected  with  the  Lidgerwood 
Manufacturing  Company  and  for  29 
years  its  secretary  and  general  manager, 
died  suddenly  of  heart  failure  at  his 
winter  home  in  the  Hotel  St.  Andrews, 
New  York  City,  Dec.  10.  He  was  a  son 
of  John  F.  Pierce  and  was  born  at  Dor- 
chester, Mass.,  in  1855.  His  parents 
survive  him  and  he  leaves  a  widow,  Jane 
Hutchins,  an  only  son,  Walter  L.  S. 
Pierce,  a  brother  and  a  sister.  Mr.  Pierce's 
death  was  entirely  unexpected  and  was  a 
great  shock  to  his  family  and  associates. 
He  had  suffered  for  several  years  with 
nervous  troubles  but  by  devoting  much  of 
his  time  to  out-of-door  pursuits  he  had 
apparently  recovered. 


)^||SOCIETIES^yTECHNlCAI  SCHOOLSl^ 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society — The 
New  York  Section  held  its  regular  month- 
ly meeting,  Dec.  IS,  at  the  Engineers' 
Club. 


i 


1272 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,   1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From     Our     Own     Representatives     on 

Important      Events      From      Maix^^      Important 

-^      Mining     Centers    of     the  'World        -^ 


San  Francisco 

Dec.  16 — The  suit  instituted  by  the 
Federal  Government  against  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  attacking  the 
title  of  the  railroad  to  oil  lands  in  McKit- 
trick  district.  Kern  county,  is  based  on  the 
allegation  that  the  railroad  company  pat- 
ented the  land  with  the  full  knowledge 
that  they  were  mineral-bearing.  It  is  un- 
derstood that  this  is  only  one  of  many 
similar  suits  to  be  commenced  for  oil 
lands,  in  Kern,  Kings  and  Fresno  counties. 
The  complaint  admits  that  the  Govern- 
ment officials  were  negligent  in  granting 
the  patents. 

In  the  land  grants  to  the  railroad,  min- 
eral lands  were  explicitly  excluded,  but  it 
is  notorious  that  the  railroad  companies 
have  been  patenting  such  lands  for  years. 
The  wonder  is  that  the  railroad  companies 
have  been  able  to  stave  off  for  so  many 
years  the  reacquirement  of  the  mineral 
lands  in  their  grants.  Not  only  in  the  oil 
belt  have  "mineral"  lands  been  taken  up 
as  "agricultural."  but  throughout  the 
gold  belt  of  California  and  adjoining 
States.  Fifteen  years  ago  an  effort 
was  made  by  the  California  Min- 
er's Association  to  bring  this  matter 
to  the  attention  of  the  Government  and 
suits  were  brought  but  they  were  never 
tried,  because  of  lack  of  funds.  Miners 
and  others  knew  the  lands  sought  to  be 
mineral,  but  they  did  not  want  personally 
the  expense  and  trouble  of  making  a  con- 
test and  there  was  no  official  whose  duty 
it  was  to  personally  examine  the  lands 
as  to  the  mineral  character.  The  Miners' 
Association  tried  to  have  examinations 
made  but  could  get  no  hearing  in  Con- 
gress. 

The  railroads  made  the  contention 
when  mineral  was  found  that  the  lands 
were  supposed  to  be  nonmineral  when 
the  grants  were  made  and  that  subsequent 
discovery  did  not  change  the  matter.  They 
have  been  able  for  years  to  carry  this 
"bluff"  through  successfully.  If  the 
Government  can  make  the  railroad  com- 
panies make  restitution  of  lands  taken  up 
under  false  characterization,  it  also  has 
the  power  to  take  patented  lands  back 
from  individuals  who  have  located  as 
"agricultural"  lands  in  the  mineral  belt. 
Hundreds  of  ranches  have  been  located 
and  patented  in  mineral  districts  where 
there  were  active  mines.  These  were 
subsequently  sold  to  mining  companies. 

The  domain  of  the  prospector  has  been 
wrongly  narrowed  for  these  reasons  and 
instances  are  notorious  in  most 
of  the  mining  counties  of  the  State.  The 
rnining  community  until  of  late  has  been 


mainly  composed  of  gold  miners  only, 
but  now  that  the  oil  men  have  taken  a 
hand  with  strong  organizations,  they  may 
be  able  to  bring  the  railroads  to  task,  es- 
pecially as  the  Government  has  taken  the 
initiative  in  this  case. 

The  Neocene  Mining  Company  is  work- 
ing on  a  gravel  channel  which  it  claims 
passes  under  the  old  mining  town  of 
Scales,  in  Sierra  county.  It  now  wants 
to  work  that  part  of  the  channel  under 
the  town,  but  the  residents  do  not  want  to 
move  their  houses  without  compensation. 
The  mining  company  has  a  patent  on  the 
land. 


Denver 

Dec.  19 — "Carbonate  of  Zinc"  con- 
tinues to  be  the  Leadville  "war  cry," 
and  to  furnish  the  principal  topic  for 
conversation  among  mining  men  and  for 
articles  by  the  technical  and  daily  press, 
the  latter  rhapsodical  and  optimistically 
prophetic  to  the  last  degree.  One  of  the 
latter  goes  so  far  as  to  predict  that  though 
the  output  in  Leadville  is  now  close  to 
4000  tons  per  month  that  in  three  months 
more  it  will  have  reached  25,000  tons 
per  month,  the  returns  thus  far  indicating 
an  average  of  about  20  per  cent,  of  zinc 
in  the  ore.  At  the  close  of  the  year  when 
the  leases  expire,  it  is  said  that  the  large 
companies  will  decline  to  renew  them, 
preferring  to  work  their  zinc  "bonanzas" 
on  company  account.  This,  of  course, 
will  happen,  as  the  "tributers"  hardly 
ever  get  a  lease  until  the  company  has 
failed  to  work  the  mine  or  ground  at 
a  profit.  But  the  lessee  has  a  slight 
advantage,  inasmuch  as  he  pays  no 
salaries  nor  office  expenses,  does  no  de- 
velopment ahead  of  extraction,  has  no 
outlay  and  risk  except  for  his  "grub" 
and  supplies,  and  no  deterioration  of 
plant  except  the  wear  and  tear  of  clothes 
and  muscles.  But  he  has  to  give  up,  say 
one-fifth  or  one-fourth  of  his  profits  to 
the  company  owning  the  mine.  So  the 
lessee's  life  Is  not  "all  beer  and  skittles. ' 

But  it  is  astonishing  how  the  demand 
for  a  metal  creates  it — to  read  the  papers 
of  the  State  you  would  think  -the  whole 
of  the  mines  had  turned  into  zinc.  This 
is  in  some  part  true,  though,  for  under 
the  old  regime  when  zinc  was  penalized, 
its  occurrence  in  a  mine  was  kept  dark, 
whereas  now  under  the  changed  condi- 
tions it  Is  naturally  loudly  heralded. 

The  North  American  Smelter  and  Mines 
Company,  owning  the  independent  pyritic 
smeltery  at  Golden,  which  has  been  run- 
ning continuously  since  last  .luly,  to  in- 
sure   an    ore    supply    has   purchased    the 


control  of  the  Santiago  mine  in  the  East 
Argentine  district  above  Georgetown.  An 
exhaustive  sampling  of  this  mine  has 
been  lately  completed,  and  as  a  result  it 
Is  stated  that  the  ore  averaged  S24.59 
per  ton  in  gold,  silver  and  copper,  the 
latter  being  about  5  per  cent.  The 
smeltery  has  a  five-year  contract  on  the 
output  of  the  Santiago  group,  and  It  is 
said  that  during  September  and  October 
It  received  1500  tons  of  ore  from  the 
Donaldson  and  Magalina  mines.  The 
matte  is  shipped  to  the  American  Smelt- 
ing and  Refining  Company  at  Denver. 
The  Argentine  Central  Railroad  runs  past 
the  portal  of  the  Waldorf  Mines  Com- 
pany tunnel,  of  which  E.  J.  Wilcox  is 
manager,  and  connection  will  be  made, 
by  a  lateral  from  this  tunnel,  with  the 
Santiago  shaft  500  ft.  below  the  present 
shaft  bottom  and  the  ore  will  then  come 
direct  from  the  mine  to  the  smeltery  by 
rail. 


Salt  Lake  City 

Dec.  20 — Articles  of  the  Utah  &  Grand 
Cafion  Railroad  were  filed  Dec.  5.  The 
line  is  projected  from  Lund,  Iron  county, 
to  St.  George,  Washington  county,  85 
miles,  and  from  Marysvale,  Piute  county, 
to  Pangultch,  Garfield  county,  55  miles. 
The  company  has  been  Investigating  the 
resources  .of  southern  Utah  ana  northern 
Arizona  for  two  years,  and  considers  it 
advisable  to  extend  a  road  into  this  ter- 
ritory. Surveys  have  been  made  from 
Marysvale  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
to  the  Grand  canon,  and  from  Lund  on 
the  Salt  Lake  route  through  St.  George 
to  Searchlight,  Nev.,  where  connections 
can  be  made  with  the  Santa  Fe.  The 
proposed  road  will  pass  near  the  Silver 
Reef,  Grand  Gulch  and  Bunker  Hill 
districts,  also  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Virgin  oilfields  and  through  the  Kaibab 
National  forest  reserve.  Frank  A.  Dud- 
ley  is   president. 

The  first  work  of  surveying  public 
lands  In  the  southern  part  of  the  State 
under  the  new  system  of  direct  super- 
vlsion^.by  the  Surveyor  General,  has  been 
completed.  A  double  surveying  party 
made  surveys  of  10  full  and  3  fractional 
townships,  which  exceeds  any  previous 
record  of  the  office  for  the  same  length 
of  time  in  the  field.  Work  has  been 
discontinued  until  early  spring.  The 
Surveyor  General  states  that  there  haf 
been  a  saving  of  at  least  33 'i  per  cent 
compared  to  expenditures  under  the  old 
contract   system. 

The  sixth  reverboratory  furnace  at  the 
Garfield  plant  has  had  the  bottom  smelted   ■' 


December  24,  1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1273 


in,  and  will  be  ready  to  receive  ore  be- 
fore Jan.  1.  When  this  furnace  is  in 
use,  fires  will  be  drawn  from  reverber- 
atory  furnace  No.  5,  which  will  be  put  in 
repair.  This  furnace  has  been  in  steady 
operation  for  some  time,  and  the  walls 
are  badly  eaten  out  and  need  strengthen- 
ing. For  the  present,  five  furnaces  will 
be  kept  in  use,  while  one  furnace  is  shut 
down  for  repairs,  as  is  the  case  with  the 
blast  furnaces,  of  which  three  out  of 
four  are  operated.  A  new  Pierce  &  Smith 
basic-lined  converter  is  nearly  completed. 

Indianapolis 

Dec.  19 — The  mine  workers  of  Indiana 
have  indorsed  the  proposed  compensation 
law  providing  for  a  tax  of  1  per  cent. 
upon  the  output  of  Indiana  mines  to  be 
collected  by  the  State  and  to  be  appor- 
tioned by  the  State  in  the  event  of  loss  of 
life  or  limb  by  accident  in  a  mine.  An- 
other proposed  law  urged  by  the  miners 
is  a  qualification  act,  providing  that  every 
man  who  enters  a  mine  to  work  must  be 
examined  and  prove  himself  capable  of 
doing  the  work  before  he  is  employed. 
The  necessity  of  the  enactment  of  a  law 
which  will  provide  adequate  means  of  es- 
cape from  coal  mines  in  the  event  of  fire 
is  another  measure  that  is  being  empha- 
sized by  the  miners  of  this  district. 

Steps  have  been  taken  to  organize  first- 
aid  classes  in  the  mines  in  Vermilion 
county.  At  a  meeting  held  at  Clinton 
Glen  Martin  was  elected  president  and 
H.  M.  Furguson  vice-president.  A  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  secure  a  per- 
manent meeting  place.  The  purpose  is 
to  ask  for  the  return  of  the  Government 
rescue  car  which  recently  visited  Clinton. 

The  Southern  Indiana  Railroad  Com- 
pany has  entered  the  Clinton  coalfield 
and  coal  is  being  shipped  from  Crown 
Hill  mine  No.  5  of  the  Clinton  Coal 
Company,  over  a  recently  built  switch 
from  the  Southern  road  which  leaves  the 
niain  line  at  West  St.  Bernice.  The  Clin- 
ton company  is  sinking  a  sixth  mine 
which  is  also  on  the  Southern  Indiana. 
All  other  Clinton  mines  are  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Eastern   Illinois. 

With  the  opening  of  the  Grand  View 
extension  of  the  Evansville  railway  in 
Spencer  county  a  new  coalfield  will  be 
developed.  The  block  coal  which  abounds 
in  the  hills  near  Grandview',  is  of  ex- 
cellent quality,  but  for  lack  of  transpor- 
tation only  limited  mining  operations  have 
been  carried  on. 

The  finding  of  oil  on  the  Barr  farm 
near  Selven,  Warrick  county,  a  territory 
which  had  practically  been  abandoned  by 
oil  prospectors  after  a  number  of  "wild 
cat"  wells  had  been  drilled  without  any 
prospect  of  oil,  has  caused  excitement. 
It  seems  it  is  necessary  to  drill  about 
1  100  ft.  deeper  and  an  oil  pool  will  be 
I  reached.  Old  leases  are  being  renewed 
'  and  new  ones  made  and  the  work  of  drill- 
ing down   the   abandoned    wells    will    be 


rushed.  None  of  the  old  wells  have  been 
put  down  more  than  1000  ft.,  while  the 
Barr  well  shows  that  there  is  oil  to  be 
had  by  drilling  deeper. 

Globe,  Ariz. 

Dec.  19 — The  beginningof  production  at 
the  Miami  concentrator,  the  initial  treat- 
tnent  plant  for  the  low-giade  ores  in  the 
Miami  district,  is  being  awaited  with  in- 
terest. The  pumping  station  at  Burch  is 
completed,  but  there  is  9000  ft.  of  pipe 
to  be  laid  and  connected  up  to  the  con- 
centrator before  the  plant  can  be  put  in 
operation.  The  cooling  tower,  west  of  the 
power  house  on  the  flat  to  the  north  of 
the  Miami  townsite,  is  assuming  shape. 
In  the  concentrator  building  proper  the 
crushing  machinery,  as  well  as  the 
Deister  slime  and  sand  tables  and  the 
electric  motors  to  operate  the  same,  are 
all  in  position.  The  tanks  for  the  hand- 
ling of  the  concentrates  have  been  fin- 
ished; they  consist  of  six  tanks  with  a 
capacity  of  250  tons  each,  making  a  total 
nf  1500  tons.  Work  has  been  started  on 
the  tramway  that  will  haul  supplies  from 
the  railroad  in  the  town  of  Miami  to  the 
concentrator,  and  the  various  other  places 
situated  on  the  hill. 

In  the  underground  workings  80  men 
are  getting  everything  in  readiness  so 
that  there  will  be  no  delay  when  the  con- 
centrator is  started.  In  the  main  drifts 
the  timbers  are  being  strengthened  and 
all  arrangements  made  for  the  stringing 
of  the  trolley  wires  for  the  electric  sys- 
tem that  will  be  used  for  the  hauling  of  ore 
to  the  mammoth  bins  at  the  bottom  of 
the  main  shaft.  The  work  on  the  raises 
under  the  ore  "rooms"  on  the  370-ft.  level 
is  being  carried  on  and  the  installation 
of  the  ore  chutes  in  these  raises  has  be- 
gun. Down  these  chutes  the  ore  will 
pass  to  the  420-ft.  level,  where  the  inain 
haulage  system  is  installed.  The  three 
churn  drills  in  the  northwestern  part  of 
the  Aliami  ground  are  determining  the 
extent  of  the  orebody  in  that  direction, 
working  a  12-hour  shift  each  and  sinking 
at  an  average  of  35  ft.  a  shift  for  each 
drill. 

The  first  section  of  the  mill  will  prob- 
ably go  into  operation  soon  after  the 
middle  of  January. 

Cobalt 

Dec.  19 — During  January,  eight  Co- 
balt companies  will  disburse  to  their 
shareholders,  dividends  aggregating  prac- 
tically a  million  dollars. 

The  increasing  importance  of  Porcu- 
pine has  led  the  Temiskaitiing  &  North- 
ern Ontario  to  put  on  a  special  daily 
train  that  will  connect  with  the  Alon- 
treal  train  at  North  Bay  and  arrive  at 
Kelso  in  the  morning  in  time  to  make 
connections  with  the  stage.  The  tele- 
phone line  is  now  completed  and  work- 
ing, and  a  dailv  mail  service  has  been 
inaugurated.       The     sleigh     rop.d     from 


Kelso  is  in  fairly  good  shape  and  a  num- 
ber of  teams  are  hauling  freight  and 
supplies,  but  another  foot  of  snow  is 
needed,  however,  before  heavy  machin- 
ery can  be  handled  to  advantage.  The 
Temiskaming  &  Northern  Ontario  has 
decided  to  purchase  the  supplies  and 
equipment  of  E.  A.  Wallberg,  whose 
charter  to  build  a  road  into  the  district 
was   canceled. 

Toronto 

Dec.  19 — The  Ontario  government  has 
declared  several  thousand  acres  of  min- 
ing lands  in  the  Thunder  Bay  district 
forfeited  for  non-payment  of  taxes.  A 
large  number  of  patented  mining  claims 
are  now  thrown  open  for  staking. 

On  Dec.  13  a  deputation  representing 
the  Canadian  Mining  Institute  waited  on 
Sir  Wilfred  Laurier  and  other  members  of 
the  Canadian  Government,  at  Ottawa,  with 
the  request  that  the  recommendation 
adopted  by  the  Mines  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Commons  that  all  mining  laws 
and  regulations  should  be  codified  and 
steps  taken  to  secure  uniformity  of  legis- 
lation on  mining  by  the  provinces,  should 
be  acted  upon.  The  Government  agreed 
that  a  general  act  should  be  drawn  up  and 
presented  to  Parliament  codifying  exist- 
ing Federal  legislation  and  that  whatever 
further  action  was  possible  to  efTect  uni- 
formity of  legislation  throughout  Canada 
would  be  taken.  The  latter  undertaking, 
however,  will  necessarily  be  a  difficult  and 
tedious  one,  as  each  province  frames  its 
own  legislation  as  regards  lands  belong- 
ing to  the  province  and  their  mining  regu- 
Irtions  differ  considerably. 

Advance  extracts  from  the  annual  re- 
port of  the  Mines  Branch  of  the  Canadian 
Department  of  Mines  give  the  revised  fig- 
uies  for  iron  and  coal  production  for 
1909,  according  to  which  the  total  pro- 
duction of  iron  ore  in  Canada  last  year 
was  268,043  tons,  valued  at  $059,316, 
about  30,000  tons  more  than  the  output  of 
the  previous  year.  The  total  production 
of  pig  iron  was  757,162  tons,  valued  at 
S9,581,864,  being  an  increase  of  126,327 
tons  or  20  per  cent.  The  production  of 
steel  ingots  and  castings  was  754,719 
tons,  valued  at  SI 4,359,800  an  increase 
of  165,956  tons  or  28  per  cent.  Canada 
stands  eighth  in  the  list  of  pig-iron  pro- 
ducing countries.  The  total  coal  produc- 
tion was  10,501,475  tons  valued  at  S24,- 
781.236;  a  falling  off  of  384,836  tons  as 
compared  with  1908,  due  to  strikes  at 
Sydney  and  Springfield,  N.  S. 

There  is  a  revival  of  interest  in  the 
Cripple  Creek  gold  area,  about  45  miles 
south  of  Porcupine,  where  gold  was  dis- 
covered last  summer  and  a  number  of 
claims  taken  up.  The  excitement  soon 
died  away  and  only  a  few  who  took  part 
in  the  rush  remained.  Some  work  nas 
since  been  done  and  reports  of  high  as- 
says of  the  output  are  attracting  a  num- 
ber of  prospectors  from  Porcupine  and 
other  points. 


1274 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


Alaska 

Gold  discoveries  rivaling  in  richness 
those  of  some  of  the  best  claims  in  the 
Fairbanks  district  have  recently  been 
made  on  the  third-tier  claims  on  Gold 
stream.  The  discoveries  have  been  made 
on  ground  that  has  been  considered 
worthless.  One  claim  on  Gold  stream, 
eight  below  on  the  third  tier,  was  recently 
sold  for  S125,000.  This  same  claim  was 
sold  two  years  ago  by  Murdock  Morri- 
son for  $75.  Exceptionally  rich  dirt  has 
been  located  on  the  claim. 

The  Northern  Commercial  Company 
will  run  a  steamship  from  Seattle  to  the 
Kuskokwin  next  .summer.  The  company 
is  preparing  to  handle  freight  on  the 
early  boats  down  the  Yukon  and  will  give 
a  through  hill  of  lading  for  the  Haiditarod 
and  all  lower  Yukon  River  points  through 
Skagway  and  the  White  Pass  &  Yukon 
railroad  and  by  way  of  lower  Labarge. 
The  freight  will  be  teamed  from  White 
Horse'  over  the  ice  to  lower  Labarge, 
where  it  will  be  handled  by  steam- 
ers. This  is  the  first  time  through  bills 
have  been  obtainable  on  the  through  early 
freight.  To  get  through,  the  freight  will 
have  to  leave  Seattle  by  the  end  of  March. 
Half  a  ton  of  winter  gold  is  now  on  dog 
sledges  on  the  trail  out  from  the  Haidita- 
rod. The  consignors  are  the  banks  of 
Haiditarod  City.  The  trail  is  in  good 
shape  and  many  are  coming  out  to  spend 
the  winter. 


Arizona 
It  will  take  60  to  90  days  to  put  affairs 
of  Ray  Consolidated  and  Chino  copper 
companies  into  shape  and  make  out  pa- 
pers necessary  for  listing  on  the  New 
York  Stock  Exchange.  While  the  direc- 
tors of  both  companies  have  not  as  yet 
taken  official  action  looking  toward  a  list- 
ing application,  counsel  for  the  compan- 
ies have  been  rounding  up  the  legal  de- 
tails. 

Gila  County 
Arizona  Michigan  Copper  Company — 
This  company,  whose  property  is  in  the 
Copper-Hill    section    of   the    Globe     dis- 
trict,  suspended   operations   Dec.    13. 

Superior  &  Globe — The  company  is 
still   doing   exploration. 

Copper  Reef — The  inclined  shaft  on 
the  Copper  Reef  Consolidated  Mining 
Company  property  has  reached  400  ft. 
The  bottom  is  in  limestone.  The  Cali- 
fornia tunnel  is  in  603  ft.  The  face  is 
limestone  interbedded  with  iron-stained 
seams  of  lime  shale.  It  is  the  intention 
of  the   management  to   run   this   tunnel 


about  1500  ft.  further  and  connect  with 
the  shaft  on  the  North  Star  claim.  This 
property  is  located  35  miles  from  Globe, 
and  12  miles  from  San  Carlos,  the  near- 
est point  on  the  railroad.  Charles  T. 
Martin  is  the  representative,  and  E.  A. 
Kennedy   is   in  charge. 

Superior  &  Boston  —  The  McGaw 
shaft  has  reached  970  ft.,  corresponding 
with  the  10th  level  of  the  Arizona  Com- 
mercial on  the  west.  As  soon  as  this 
work  is  finished,  drifting  in  an  easterly 
and  westerly  direction  will  be  started. 
Graham  County 

Arizona  Copper  Company — The  com- 
pany ended  its  fiscal  year  Sept.  30  with 
a  production  of  36,218,440  lb.  as  com- 
pared with  35,853.440  lb.  in  the  pre- 
ceding year.  This  company  is  owned  in 
Scotland,  but  its  copper  is  refined  and 
marketed  through  the  United  Metals  Sell- 
ing Company.  After  J.  G.  Hopkins  resig- 
nation from  the  company,  the  Scotch  man- 
agement authorized  improvements  which 
have  been  going  on  during  the  past  year. 
Among  the  improvements  decided  upon 
were  the  enlargement  of  its  concentrating 
mill  and  the  sinking  of  a  new  shaft  and 
extension  of  tunnel  connections. 
Yavapai  County 
Pacific  Copper  Company— This  com- 
pany is  operating  in  the  Silver  Mountain 
district,  nine  miles  from  the  Crown  King 
mine  and  shipping  to  Humboldt.  John 
Kelley,  Kansas  City,  is  president  and  C. 
W.  Mitchell,  manager. 

California 

Amador  County 
Bunker   Hill — It    is    claimed    that    this 
mine  has  ore  in  sight  to  keep  the  mill 
running    many    years.      Twenty    stamps 
have  been  added  to  the  20-stamp  mill. 

Treasurer — At  this  mine,  A.  E.  Mc- 
Curdy  superintendent,  surface  improve- 
ments are  being  made.  The  shaft  is  700 
ft.  deep. 

Calaveras  County 

Lighfner — At  this  mine.  Angels,  the 
compressor  is  ready  and  machine  drills 
will  be  used  iji  sinking  the  three-com- 
partment shaft.  The  electric  hoist  and 
motor  are  in  position. 

Waterman — This  company  has  pur- 
chased the  Fairfax  mine  near  Angels  and 
active  development  will  be  started. 

Utica— The  machinery  for  the  electric 
station  will  be  ready  soon  at  this  Angels 
mine.  Work  has  been  resumed  at  the 
Gold  Cliff  claim  of  this  company. 

Do//;':!g— The  30-stamp  mill  of  this 
mine  will  soon  be  ready. 


Eldorado  County 
Eldorado  Water  and  Deep  Gravel — It 
is  announced  that  this  company  will  erect 
a  stamp  mill  on  the  Pacific  mine  at 
Placerville,  A.  Baring-Gould,  manager. 
Ore  has  been  found  on  the  300-ft.  level 
and  several  oreshoots  have  been  opened 
at  different  points. 

Fresno  County 

White  Cross — From  this  mine  near 
Dunlap  the  orebody  was  found  at  the 
end  of  the  200-ft.  tunnel.  W.  A.  Mac- 
donald,  Coalinga,  is  manager. 

Davis  Flat — The  stamp  mill  of  this  com- 
pany at  Dunlap  has  been  started  up  with 
700  tons  of  ore  ready. 

Inyo  County  ^ 

A  movement  is  on  foot  for  a  smeltery 
at  Keeler  or  Olancha  to  be  erected  jointly 
by  the  mine  owners.  The  Argus  Com- 
pany is  planning  a  cyanide  mill. 

Villa  Real — At  this  mine  near  Darwin, 
D.  F.  Shively  has  found  a  body  of  sil- 
ver-lead ore.  Ore  is  being  shipped  to  the 
railroad  by  team. 

Kern  County 

Windy — From  this  mine  near  Rands- 
burg,  owned  by  John  Singleton,  Patrick 
and  Charles  Fahey  are  taking  ore. 

Butte — A  recent  mill  run  from  this 
mine  at  Randsburg  netted  S50  per  ton. 

Modoc  County 
The  initial  run  of  the  new  mill  at  Fort 
Bidwell  was  made  on  Dec.  1. 

Nevada  County 

South  Yuba — The  assessments  have 
been  paid  and  plans  made  to  reopen  this 
property.  The  veins  are  large  and  a  big 
mill  will  be  necessary. 

Pittsburg— The  new  gallows- frame  to 
replace  that  destroyed  by  the  fire  has 
been  completed  and  work  is  resumed  in 
this  Nevada  City  mine,  Mark  B.  Kerr 
manager. 

Santa  Monica — This  mine,  near  the 
Middle  Yuba  river,  is  being  reopened  by 
W.  S.  Gregory,  and  during  operations  a 
rich  vein  has  been  found. 

Tidal  Wave — This  mine,  near  North 
Bloomfield,  is  being  reopened  through  the 
bedrock  tunnel.  It  is  owned  by  James  C. 
Haney  and  comprises  400  acres  of  drift 
mining  channel  north  of  the  Derbee 
claim,  Hotchkiss  &  Mercer  have  the  lease. 

Plumas  County 

A  deposit  of  copper  ore  has  been  found 
northeast  of  the  L.  V.  Tafft  ranch  near 
Crombcrg.    Work  has  begun. 

Four   Hills — This   company   has   trans- 


i 


1. 


December  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1275 


ferred  to  W.  F.  A.  Hood  its  mining 
claims,  water  rights,  mill  sites  and  reduc- 
tion works. 

Shasta  County 

Mammoth — The  third  furnace  at  Ken- 
net  will  be  blown  in  soon  and  operated 
all  winter. 

Sierra  County 

A  find  of  rich  ore  has  been  made  by 
Miller  and  Westall  a  mile  from  Logan- 
ville  on  the  road  between  Downieville 
and  Sierra  City.  The  vein  is  small  but 
rich. 

Siskiyou  County 

Homestake — R.  S.  Taylor,  of  Yreka  has 
purchased  the  Homestake  group  on  Tay- 
lor creek  in  the  Salmon  river  region  ad- 
joining the  Highland,  which  has  been  re- 
cently sold  by  Herman  Mattern  to  a  Hol- 
land syndicate,  which  will  develop  it  ex- 
tensively   and    install    a    plant. 

Dunne  &  Vanderlip — This  Scott  Bar 
mine,  recently  closed  on  account  of  finan- 
cial matters,  will  resume. 

Sheba — This  mine  on   Patterson  creek, 
F.  L.  Henderson  manager,  has  resumed. 
Tuolumne  County 

J.  F.  Hargrave  is  working  the  Al  ar- 
ris placed  claim  in  American  gulch  and  is 
putting  in  new  flumes  and  sluices. 

Tuolumne  County 

Rolleri  &  Frolli — A  deposit  of  speci- 
men rock  was  recently  found  in  this  mine 
at  Italian  camp,  and  has  attracted  atten- 
tion to  that  section.  The  property  is  at 
the  old  Comstock  ranch  and  is  under 
bond  to  Eastern  men. 

Trinity  County 

Trinity  Gold  Mining  and  Reduction 
Company — This  property  at  Carrville  has 
started  its  200-ton  cyanide  plant.  D.  W. 
Shanks  is  general  manager,  David  Good- 
ale,  manager,  and  H.  W.  Miller,  presi- 
dent. 


Colorado 
Clear  Creek  County 

Mendota — Two  feet  of  high-grade 
smelting  ore  is  reported  as  having  been 
discovered  by  the  lessees. 

Capital  Mining  and  Tunnel  Company — 
The  Crescent  tunnel  of  the  company  is 
now  driven  into  Griffith  mountain  5700 
ft.  From  the  portal  4700  ft.  the  Aetna 
vein  was  intersected  and  in  stope  seven, 
190  ft.  above  the  Aetna  drift,  the  lessees 
have  10  in.  of  sulphide  ore  said  to  run 
as  high  as  18  oz.  gold,  35  oz.  silver,  55 
per  cent,  lead  and  5  per  cent,  copper. 
Lessees  have  300  ft.  of  backs  on  this  ore. 
The  strike  is  1600  ft.  below  tbe  surface. 
The  250-ton  concentration  mill  owned  by 
the  company  will  be  started  up  soon  after 
Jan.  1. 

Gilpin  County 
Newfoundland — This  mine,  formerly  a 
good   producer,   has    been    unwatered   by 
the  Newhouse  tunnel  since  it  tapped  the 


waters  of  the  Gunnell  mine  and  Manager 
Rose  is  putting  it  in  shape  for  renewed 
production. 

AI(7c/!t>//— This  property  on  Quartz  hill 
recently  shipped  97  tons  of  ore  to  the 
Iron  City  Concentrator  at  Black  Hawk, 
and  the  concentrates  yielded  1.35  oz. 
gold  to  the  ton,  being  an  84  per  cent, 
saving  of  gross  content. 

Saratoga — The  lower  workings  are  be- 
ing operated  through  the  Newhouse  tun- 
nel, and  the  upper  workings  have  been 
leased  to  a  local  pool  which  has  just 
shipped  45  tons  from  the  600  level,  which 
gave   returns  of  $29  per  ton. 

Evergreen — The  main  shaft  on  this 
mine  in  the  Pine  Creek  district  will  be 
sunk  to  get  below  a  body  of  ore  carrying 
20  to  30  per  cent,  copper,  found  at  200 
feet. 

Hinsoale  County 
M.  Z.  Kirk  and  other  owners,  it  is  re- 
ported,   have    sold    the    Golden    Wonder 
and    Golden    Mammoth    mines,    of   Gold 
Hill,  to  a  new  company. 

Lake  County — Leadville 
Waterloo — Thirty  tons  of  carbonate  of 
zinc  is  being  produced  daily  by  this 
Carbonate  Hill  mine  by  lessee  Kranen. 
It  comes  from  the  450-ft.  level  and  is 
said  to  average  about  30  per  cent.  zinc. 

Modest  Girl — This  mine  in  Carbonate 
hill  is  said  to  have  5  ft.  of  carbonate 
of  zinc  in  the  upper  workings  that  will 
average  40  per  cent.  A  tunnel  will  be 
started  lower  down  the  hill  to  catch  this 
oreshoot. 

Mikado  -The  lessees  on  this  mine  are 
said  to  have  opened  a  body  of  20  per 
cent,  carbonate  of  zinc,  which,  however, 
is  under  the  average  demanded  by  the 
zinc  buyers,  but  with  the  improving  of 
processes  now  being  carried  out,  it  is  be- 
lieved this  ore  will  before  long  be  avail- 
able. 

Cleveland — This  mine  is  credited  with 
shipment  of  90  cars  in  November,  yield- 
ing 2  oz.  gold  per  ton.  The  vein  is  said 
to  have  3  ft.  of  ore  at  the  650-ft.  level. 

Nevada — This  mine  on  Breece  hill  is 
reported  to  have  opened  a  vein  of  silver- 
lead  ore  carrying  2  oz.  of  gold  per  ton. 

Ouray  County 

From  the  Silver  Plume  camp  word 
comes  that  the  Silver  Plume  Mines  and 
Tunnel  Company  is  pushing  development 
and  securing  additional  veins.  The  high- 
grade  ore  has  been  opened  in  the  Gold 
Belt  tunnel.  The  Baker  mine  on  Kelso 
mountain,  which  was  a  rich  producer  in 
the  early  '80's,  has  been  fully  equipped 
for  a  winter's  work  by  a  local  pool.  The 
Josephine  on  Kelso  mountain  has  opened 
6  in.  of  high-grade  silver-lead  ore  and  de- 
velopment is  being  pushed.  The  Smuggler 
is  producing  much  high-grade  ore. 

The  Pitkin  camp  is  showing  up  well. 
The  Carter  mill,  run  by  water  power,  is 
ready   for  ore.     The  Gold  Links  mill  is 


working.  The  Raymond  tunnel  is  being 
driven,  as  is  also  the  Sandy  Hook  tunnel. 
Atlas — This  mine  is  producing  steadily 
and  working  35  men.  A  heating  plant 
has  been  installed  for  the  comfort  of 
the   employees. 

Khedive — An  important  strike  of  sil- 
ver-lead ore  is  reported.  E.  Krisher  is 
manager. 

Yankee  Girl — This  mine,  in  the  Red 
Mountain  district,  is  credited  with  ship- 
ments of  200  tons  in  November. 

Bright  Diamond — The  mill  of  the 
Wanakah  company  operating  the  mine  is 
steadily  turning  out  a  good  grade  of  con- 
centrates. 

San  Juan  County 

Silver  Lodge — The  mine  on  Mineral 
creek  near  Chattanooga  is  said  to  have 
opened  a  body  of  galena  and  zinc  blende 
ore  on  the  third  level,  100  tons  of  which 
is  being  treated  each  day  at  the  com- 
pany mill.  The  orebody  is  said  to  be  350 
ft.  long  and  5  to  20  ft.  wide.  Robert 
Hollis  is  manager. 

Iowa  Tiger  Company — The  mill  is 
handling  400  tons  of  ore  per  day,  resulting 
in  20  cars  of  lead  concentrates  per  month. 
The  leasers  are  said  to  have  9000  tons 
of  galena  ore  blocked. 

San  Miguel  County 

Reports  from  Telluride  are  to  the  effect 
that  discoveries  of  vanadium  ore  con- 
tinue to  be  made,  and  many  new  claims 
located,  and  that  the  Primos  Chemical 
Company,  owning  Vanadium  Alloys 
PlaVit  at  Newmirc,  is  negotiating  for  ad- 
ditional claims  and  is  going  to  enlarge 
the  plant  and  that  W.  H.  Fletcher,  repre- 
senting the  General  Vanadium  Company 
of  America,  has  purchased  three  claims 
from  Woods  Brothers  and  is  negotiating 
for   other   holdings. 

Black  Bear — This  mine  is  said  to  have 
large  bodies  of  ore  blocked  out  and  the 
lessees  have  started  the  mill. 

Morning  Star — Shipments  have  com- 
menced from  this  Mount  Wilson  property, 
under  the  management  of  George  Pickett. 
Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 

Since  the  discovery  of  the  Cripple 
Creek  mining  district.  Squaw  mountain, 
south  and  almost  adjoining  the  town  of 
Victor,  has  been  the  scene  of  much  de- 
sultory mining  and  prospecting.  The 
veins  were  there  but  the  content  was 
too  low  grade  to  warrant  extensive  de- 
velopment and  equipment,  and  no  paying 
property  was  established.  Now  comes  a 
report  that  in  crosscutting  from  a  long 
exploitation  tunnel  driven  into  the  hill,  a 
porphyry  dike  was  intersected,  and  that 
in  a  drift  on  the  same  run,  100  ft.,  ore 
was  found  for  60  ft.,  and  that  a  carload 
shipped  gave  returns  of  $27.50  per  ton. 
This  dike  traverses  the  properties  of  two 
companies,  the  United  Mines  Company 
and  the  Petrel  Gold  company. 

El   Paso   Consolidated—The    fifth    and 


1276 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


sixth  levels  are  being  put  in  shape  for 
production,  and  the  pump  on  the  sixth 
level  will  be  raised  in  a  few  days.  These 
levels  have  been  flooded  for  five  years. 

Portland — It  is  stated  that  the  Portland 
mill  on  Battle  mountain,  near  Victor,  will 
install  a  fourth  Chilean  mill  and  be  ready 
to  treat  400  tons  per  day  soon  after  Jan. 
1.  The  extraction  is  said  to  be  close  to 
90  per  cent,  and  the  average  yield  of 
the  ore  treated,  S3.50  per  ton. 

Rexall — A  report  is  to  hand  that  18  in. 
of  SI 00  gold  ore  has  been  opened  on 
the  900-ft.  level  of  this  mine,  which  has 
its  main  shaft  between  Second  and  Third 
streets,  Victor.  It  is  stated  that  the  com- 
pany will  build  a  cyanide  mill. 

Ajax — Twenty-five  sets  of  lessees  are 
operating  this  mine  and  a  strike  of  very 
rich   ore   is   reported   on   the    fifth    level. 

Modoc — This  property,  on  the  saddle 
between  Battle  mountain  and  Bull  hill, 
is  said  to  be  shipping  ten  cars  of  3-oz. 
gold  ore  per  month  to  the  Eiler  smeltery 
at  Pueblo. 

Moon-Anchor — This  Gold  Hill  mine 
was  not  a  rich  producer  in  the  early  days, 
but  like  its  next-door  neighbor,  the 
Anchor-Leland,  its  best  ore  was  above 
the  300  level.  A  new  plant  has  now  been 
installed  by  lessees  and  a  shaft  will  be 
sunk  from  the  900-  to  the  1200- ft.  point. 

Trilby — In  November  the  lessees  on 
this  mine  produced  about  1200  tons  of 
ore.  Most  of  this  averaged  S18  per  ton 
in  gold. 


Idaho 

Domingo — A  payment  of  $20,000  was 
made  in  Spokane  recently  by  James  K 
Stokes,  of  Chicago,  who  has  obtained  a 
five-year  lease  and  bond  of  S150,000  on 
this  group  of  five  mining  claims  in  the 
Salmon  River  copper  belt,  central  Idaho. 
The  terms  of  sale  require  a  payment  of 
510,000  every  three  months.  The  proper- 
ty was  located  six  years  ago,  and  has 
been  developed.  A  450-ft.  crosscut  has 
opened  a  7-ft.  ledge  of  copper  ore. 

Tlie  Kirtly  Creek  Gold  Dredging  Com- 
pany— A  deal  has  been  closed  by  which 
was  transferred  600  acres  of  placet 
ground,  10  miles  east  of  Salmon,  on  Kirt- 
ley  creek,  for  850,000  to  this  company. 
John  Martin,  of  Ross,  Cal.,  is  at  the  head 
of  the  new  company.  It  is  reported  that 
a  San  Francisco  company  has  a  contract 
for  the  construction  of  a  dredge  to  cost 
$142,000,  with  a  capacity  of  150,000 
cu.yd.  per  month,  using  electrical  power 
from  the  Andrews  Power  and  Light 
plant,  at  Salmon. 

CouER  d'Alene  District 

Standard — New  ground  in  the  Federal 
company's  Mace  lead  mine  has  been  ex- 
plored and  an  unknown  oreshoot  encoun- 
tered. This  has  been  developed  on  the 
1400  level  to  an  extent  that  shows  it 
to  average  8  ft.  in  width.  It  has  been 
followed  for  200  feet. 


Snowstorm — Shipments  have  material- 
ly increased  from  this  copper  producer, 
and  25  cars  from  the  upper  workings  are 
going  out  every  week.  This  is  over 
double  the  amount  produced  during  the 
past  six  months  and  the  increase  is  due 
to  the  resumption  of  the  Coram,  Cal., 
smeltery. 

Douglas — Over  1000  tons  of  shipping 
galena  ore  is  ready  to  be  sent  to  the 
smeltery,  but  is  retained  at  the  Pine 
creek  mine,  owing  to  lack  of  transporta- 
tion. For  two  years  the  company  has 
been  developing  a  shoot  of  lead-silver 
ore.  The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  Puget 
Sound  is  expected  to  build  through  the 
district  next  year  and  give  an  outlet  for 
the  mine. 

Black  Bear  Consolidated — Peter  Ber- 
nier,  manager,  says  that  the  construction 
of  a  300-ton  mill  will  begin  early  in  1911. 

Caledonia — The  November  output  was 
curtailed  by  weather  conditions  and  was 
only  $19,000  as  against  S81,000  in  Oc- 
tober. Work  on  the  tunnel  is  being  con- 
tinued.   Charles  McKinnis  is  manager. 


Indiana 

Greene    County 

F.  W.  Larkins,  of  Chicago,  a  large  coal 
operator  at  Bicknell,  Knox  county,  is  ne- 
gotiating for  the  New  Summit  mine,  now 
owned  by  Elmer  Neal,  of  Bloomfield, 
and  T.  J.  O'Gara,  of  Chicago. 

Active  work  has  begun  on  the  McGee 
farm  in  the  Linton  district  by  drillers  in 
the  employ  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company. 
Sullivan  County 

Bullion  Coal  Company — Suit  has  been 
filed  in  the  Sullivan  Circuit  Court,  by 
W.  H.  Hays  for  the  bondholders  against 
their  company  to  foreclose  a  mortgage 
of  $50,000  and  for  sale  of  the  mine  near 
Carlisle.  The  shaft  at  present  is  being 
operated  by  Joseph  T.  Akin,  of  Sullivan, 
as  receiver. 

Vigo  County 
W.  h.  Wagner  Company — This  com- 
pany, principal  office  Terre  Haute,  has  in- 
corporated to  operate  coal  mines.  W.  F. 
Wagner,  E.  G.  Lockwood,  and  D.  J.  Hig- 
ginbolham,  directors. 


Maine 

L.  M.  Linnell,  of  West  Gardiner,  has 
purchased  all  the  mineral  rights  in  1000 
acres  in  Skowhegan  and  Canaan,  former- 
ly owned  by  the  Nye-Purington  Company. 
This  land  is  known  to  contain  iroTi  ore, 
but  hitherto  has  not  attracted   attention. 

Michigan 
Copper 
Mohawk — The  crosscut  from  the  sev- 
enth level  of  No.  6  shaft  is  nearing  the 
lode.  The  drifts  from  the  fourth,  fifth 
and  sixth  levels  are  opening  an  average 
grade  of  stamp  rock. 

Oneco — This    company    has    completed 


the   unwatering  of  its  shaft   and   sinking 
will  be  resumed. 

Laurium — The  shaft  on  this  property  is 
down  1100  ft.  on  the  Kearsarge  lode; 
the  openings  are  showing  good  run  of 
copper  ground. 

Gratiot — The  lower  openings  at  No.  1 
shaft  are  opening  good  rock  which  is  going 
to  the  mill.  At  No.  2  shaft  operations 
have  been  temporarily  suspended. 

Tamarack — No.  5  shaft  of  this  com- 
pany has  temporarily  suspended  opera- 
tions, while  it  is  being  overhauled. 

Isle  Royale — The  company  has  dis- 
continued exploratory  work  at  its  "A" 
shaft  on  the  Baltic  lode  without  reveal- 
ing any  commercial  copper. 

Atlantic  —  The  company  is  drifting 
north  at  the  16th  level  and  is  shipping 
the  rock  from  this  opening  to  the  mill, 
but  a  small  amount  of  ground  has  been 
opened  so  that  the  extent  of  the  min- 
eralization is  not  known.  At  the  25th 
level  drifting  is  underway  with  varying 
results  and  at  his  point  a  drill  is  sinking 
to  determine  conditions  at  depth. 

Senter-Dupee  Development  Company — 
This  is  the  name  of  an  unincorporated 
close  syndicate  that  has  taken  options 
on  1520  acres  near  the  middle  of  Ke- 
weenaw county  and  has  inaugurated  ex- 
ploration. Capt.  Thomas  Hoatson,  of 
Calumet,  is  the  active  head,  and  Howard 
Wright,  superintendent.  Drilling  con- 
tracts have  been  let  to  A.  P.  Silliman  & 
Co.,  of  Duluth. 

Iron 
The  Bank  of  Scotland  and  the  Can- 
adian Bank  of  Commerce  are  authorized 
to  receive  applications  at  par  for  £616,- 
420  six  per  cent,  first-mortgage  bonds 
of  the  Lake  Superior  Iron  and  Chemical 
Company,  organized  under  the  laws  of 
New  York,  July  1,  1910,  to  acquire  all  of 
the  properties  of  the  Lake  Superior  Iron 
and  Chemical  Company,  of  Michigan. 
This  company  has  been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  charcoal  pig  iron,  with 
wood  alcohol  and  acetate  of  lime  as  by- 
products. The  assets  of  the  old  company 
have  been  acquired  free  of  all  encum- 
brances, and  provision  will  be  made  out 
of  the  finances  for  rebuilding  the  plant. 

Montana 
The  Government  assay  office,  at 
Helena,  reports  the  receipt  of  $182,813 
in  precious  metals  during  November. 
Madison  county  leads,  with  $59,918,  and 
Fergus  county  is  second  with  $58,411. 

Butte  District 
Butte  Central — Freeman  I.  Davidson, 
of  Boston,  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
company,  has  been  inspecting  the  prop- 
erty. He  states  that  a  contract  has  been 
let  for  a  concentrator  and  that  work  will 
he  begun  as  soon  as  the  weather  per- 
mits. The  original  unit  will  have  a  ca- 
pacity  of   100  tons. 


December 


19i0. 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND  MINING  JOURNAL 


1277 


Fergus  County 
Rhinestone  Mining  Company  —  This 
company  has  acquired  the  New  Year 
mine,  15  miles  north  of  Lewistown,  and 
operations  will  be  resumed.  The  prop- 
erty has  been  idle  for  seven  years  owing 
to  trouble  among  stockholders. 

Granite  County 

P.  A.  Stevens  and  James  Ross  have  a 
lease  and  bond  on  the  Magone  &  Ander- 
son and  the  Grant  and  Hartford  groups, 
in  the  Garnet  district.  A  600-ft.  tunnel 
was  run  before  the  vein  was  cut,  and 
shipments  were  begun  over  a  month  ago. 
Doctor  Mu-ssigbrod  is  doing  development 
on  his  claims  in  the  same  district.  Sam- 
uel Ritchie,  who  owns  the  Nancy  Hanks 
mine,  has  recently  cut  an  orebody  and 
is  sinking.  McDermott  Brothers  are 
shipping  from  the  Shamrock,  while  Mc- 
Donald &  Coleman  are  doing  develop- 
ment on  the   Dandy  group. 

Cincinnati — Tim  Egan  and  John  Nichol- 
son have  been  given  a  S50,000  lease  and 
bond  on  the  property,  in  the  Georgetown 
district.  A  300-ft.  tunnel  has  been  driven 
and  ore  taken  out. 

Lewis  and  Clark  County 
Lee  Mountain — Davidson  &  Osborne 
have  taken  a  three-year  lease  and  bond 
on  the  group,  near  Rimini.  Cleaning  up 
the  lower  tunnel  on  the  property  has 
been  begun  under  the  direction  of  Peter 
Mack. 

Lincoln  County 
Development  at  the  Mountain  Morning 
mine,  near  Troy,  is  awaiting  the  con- 
struction of  the  power  plant  almost  fin- 
ished. Roberts  &  Raymond  have  run  a 
tunnel  300  ft.  on  the  Landslide  group.  17 
miles  south  of  Troy.  The  property  car- 
ries copper  and  gold. 

Madison  County 
Conrey  Placer  Mining  Company — The 
dredge  is  almost  finished.  It  is  150  ft. 
long,  58  ft.  wide,  13  ft.  deep,  has  a  ca- 
prcity  of  8000  cu.yd.  daily  and  cost 
S270.000.  It  is  estimated  that  it  will  take 
nine  years  to  work  out  the  property. 


New   Mexico 

St.  Louis,  Rocky  Mountain  &  Pa- 
cific— This  company  is  opening  two  large 
coal  mines  near  Raton;  a  steam-coal 
mine  at  Gardiner  and  one  for  domestic 
coal  at  Sugarite. 

Cerrillos  Lead  Mining  Company — This 
H  company  has  been  formed  to  operate  in 
the  Cerrillos  district.  F.  C.  Wilson,  of 
Santa  Fe,  is  in  charge. 


Sunnybrook — This  property  is  owned 
by  H.  J.  Reilly  and  M.  A.  Allen,  of 
Sumpter.  A  6- ft.  vein  was  recently 
struck. 

Imperial — This  mine,  closed  for  two 
years,  has  been  acquired  by  a  Spokane 
syndicate  of  which  E.  R.  Davidson  is 
manager.    Operations  will  be  resumed. 

Josephine  County 
Scandinavian- American — This  dredging 
company  has  been  formed  to  recover 
the  gold  from  the  sands  of  the  Rogue 
r'ver.  A  dredging  outfit  has  been  pur- 
chased. Joseph  Slumpf,  William  Martin, 
W.  L.  Hunter  and  others,  of  Seattle,  are 
interested. 

South  Dakota 

Hidden  Fortune — Sale  of  the  property 
under  court  order  has  been  postponed 
until  Jan.  3.  Stuart  Crossdale,  of  Den- 
ver, is  examining  the  Hidden  Fortune 
and  Columbus  properties. 

Castle  Creek  Hydraulic  Gold  Mining 
Company — This  company  will  soon  start 
dredging  above  Mystic. 

Texas 

One  ton  of  pig  tin  has  been  shipped 
from  the  tin  mine  near  El  Paso  to  Phila- 
delphia and  two  more  tons  are  ready  for 
shipment.  The  mine  is  on  the  east  side 
of  Franklin  mountain,  15  miles  from 
El  Paso.  There  are  a  small  mill  and 
smelting  furnace  on  the  property. 


Oregon 

Baker  County 
Tahoma — Development  on  this  proper- 
ty is  being  done   by   W.    B.    Bailey,   of 
Kalama,  Wash.,   and   work   will   be  con- 
tinued through  the  winter. 


Utah 

Grand  County 
Green  Mountain  Gold  and  Copper 
Company — A  notice  has  been  issued  for 
all  persons  who  have  contract  with  this 
company  for  the  purchase  of  treasury 
stock,  and  to  all  other  persons  having 
unsettled  claims  against  it,  to  present 
sworn  statements  to  George  E.  Busch, 
special  auditor  appointed  by  the  court, 
before  Dec.  20,  1910.  The  nature  and 
character  of  the  claims  should  be  stated, 
and  if  contracts  for  t.ie  purchase  of 
treasury  stock,  the  number  of  shares 
which  were  agreed  to  be  taken  under  such 
contracts,  and  the  number,  date  and  ag- 
gregate amount  of  installments  which 
they  have  priJ  on  account. 

Iron  County 
Cold  Springs  Mining  and  Power  Com- 
pany— An  injunction  suit  was  filed  against 
this  company  by  E.  J.  Kearns  and  other 
stockholders  to  prevent  selling  certain 
stock,  held  by  the  plaintiffs,  under  an  al- 
leged illegal  assessment.  The  complaint 
states  that  the  defendant  company  is  the 
owner  of  the  Snowflake  and  Jennie  min- 
ing companies,  and  that  the  stock  of  the 
latter,  a  large  amount  of  which  is  held 
by  the  plaintiffs  had  been  illegally  as- 
sessed 3nd  on  refusal  to  pay  the  assess- 
ment was  advertised  to  be  sold.  A  re- 
straining order  has  been  issued  by  the 
court. 


Big  Fourteen — A  bond  and  lease  has 
has  been  taken  on  this  property  by  R.  J. 
Bryant  and  F.  W.  Snow.  A  7- ft.  vein 
averaging  Sll  per  ton  in  gold  and  silver 
has  been  opened.  It  is  proposed  to  put 
in  a  two-stamp  mill. 

Juab  County 

Iron  Blossom — The  question  of  build- 
ing a  mill  and  of  paying  a  dividend  was 
discussed  at  the  monthly  meeting.  It 
was  decided  to  suspend  action  on  botn 
questions  for  another  week.  Drifting  is 
being  done  on  the  800  level  south  of  the 
No.  1  shaft,  and  two  feet  of  ore  was  brok- 
en into  Dec.  6.  Prospecting  is  also  being 
done  on  the  lower  levels,  and  a  crosscut 
is  being  driven  from  the  1700.  No  change 
was  made  in  the  directorate  at  the  annual 
meeting.  The  report  for  the  year  shows 
that  ore  sales  brought  S560,(i3(5,  which 
with  cash  on  hand,  December,  1900. 
brought  the  total  receipts  to  $618,368. 
Dividends  amounting  to  .S280,000  were 
paid.  There  was  a  cash  balance  of  S69,- 
011,  Dec.  1,  1910.  The  average  cost  of 
mining  ore  from  the  No.  1  shaft,  in- 
cluding prospecting  and  development,  was 
S6.06  per  ton,  while  from  the  No.  3 
shaft  it  was  S3. 72.  The  report  states 
that  the  property  consists  of  15  patented 
claims  having  an  area  of  147.75  acres. 
There  are  two  shafts  2300  ft.  apart. 
Shaft  No.  1  is  1900  ft.  deep;  water  was 
encountered  in  October,  and  further 
sinking  stopped.  Three  classes  of  ore 
have  been  developed,  dry  silicious  ore, 
carrying  gold  and  silver,  lead-silver,  and 
copper  ores.  There  is  more  ore  devel- 
oped than  at  any  previous  time  and  an 
effort  is  being  made  to  find  a  market  for 
the  silicious  ores. 

Gold  Cliain  and  Opohongo — By  the 
second  week  in  December  the  Opohongo 
will  handle  its  ore  through  the  Gold 
Chain  shaft.  Work  has  been  started  on 
the  1 000- ft.  level  of  the  former,  through 
the  Black  Jack  workings  which  have 
been  driven  to  the  line.  As  soon  as  the 
rail  oad  builds  a  switch  to  the  mine,  ore 
will  be  brought  out  through  the  tunnel, 
and  loaded  directly  into  cars.  At  the 
present  it  must  be  hauled  in  wagons  to 
Robinson.  One  car  of  ore  daily  is  being 
shipped  by  the  Gold  Chain,  which  is 
meeting  operating  expeftses. 

Opex — No  assessment  was  levied  at 
the  December  meeting,  and  it  was  stated 
that  development  would  be  continued; 
also  that  the  water  in  the  shaft  is  being 
lowered,  presumably  by  pumping  at  the 
Centennial-Eureka,  which  property  it  ad- 
joins. 

Uncle  Sam — The  orebody  from  which 
shipments  are  being  made  was  discovered 
about  two  months  ago,  and  is  holding  out 
as  strong  as  ever.  New  ore  was  recently 
opened  in  the  north  end  of  the  property. 
The  output  has  been  increased,  and  the 
ore  is  stated  to  be  of  better  grade  than 
for  several  years  past. 


1278 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


La  Clede — A  lease  has  been  taken  by 
R.  Long  and  E.  Duncan  on  this  property, 
near  Silver  City. 

East  Crown  Point — It  has  been  decided 
to  resume  operations,  and  work  will  be 
started  in  the  330- ft.  shaft.  The  ground 
lies  between  the  Tintic  Central  and 
Crown  Point,  600  ft.  east  of  the  Iron 
Blossom. 

New  Bullion — A  lease  has  been  taken 
by  A.  F.  Nelson.  The  claims  are  in 
North  Tintic,  near  the  Scranton,  and  have 
produced  both  lead  and  zinc  ore. 

Eagle  &  Blue  Bell — Stations  have 
been  cut  at  the  700-,  800-  and  900- ft. 
levels,  and  drifting  is  being  done.  Ship- 
ping ore  is  being  mined  from  the  1100- 
and  1200-ft.  levels. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Bingham  Mines — Shipments  are  being 
made  from  a  body  of  lead  ore 
in  the  Brooklyn  left  in  1907, 
when  the  property  closed  on  account 
of  water.  Connections  were  made  by  a 
raise  between  the  1600  level  and  the  West 
drift,  which  drained  the  property.  Re- 
cently a  new  body  of  lead  ore  12  ft.  wide 
was  cut  by  a  winze  from  the  1600.  A 
station  has  been  cut,  and  drifting  has 
opened  up  the  body  75  ft.  along  the 
strike.  The  ore  is  of  shipping  grade, 
carrying  45  per  cent,  lead,  with  silver, 
gold  and  copper.  In  raising  from  the 
Mascotte  tunnel  to  connect  with  the 
Brooklyn  workings,  copper  ore  was 
found.  It  is  planned  to  raise  from  the 
Mascotte  tunnel  level  to  drain  and  de- 
velop the  Yosemite  property.  A  branch 
from  the  tunnel  may  also  be  extended 
west  on  the  Lark  vein.  On  this  vein, 
near  the  No.  2  Dalton  shaft,  4  ft.  of  lead 
ore  has  been  opened. 

Bingham-New  Haven — Between  10,000 
and  11,000  tons  of  copper  ore  from  the 
new  body  are  being  shipped  monthly, 
which  nets  $10  per  ton.  The  company 
is  a  close  corporation,  and  has  issued 
229,000  shares. 

Utah  Copper — The  output  for  Novem- 
ber is  expected  to  be  about  the  same  as 
October,  which  will  make  a  total  of  over 
82,000,000  lb.  for  1 1  months,  or  approxi- 
m.ately  90,000,000  lb.  for  the  year. 

CoUimhus  Consolidated — Two  addition- 
al pumps  have  been  sent  out  to  the  prop- 
erty. Water  is  reported  to  be  standing 
100  ft.  in  the  shaft,  or  a  little  above  the 
300  level.  The  inflow  is  thought  not  to 
be  more  than  500  gal.  per  min.,  and 
should  soon  be  under  control. 

South  Hecla — Shareholders  of  the 
South  Columbus  Company  have  been 
asked  to  send  in  their  stock  for  exchange 
before  Dec.  31.  The  basis  of  exchange  is 
five  shares  of  South  Columbus  for  one 
cf  South  Hecla.  After  the  first  of  the 
year,  this  will  be  increased  to  six  shares 
for  one,  or  the  outstanding  stock  will 
have  to  be  assessed  |o  raise  money  for  of- 
fice rent,  corporation  tax,  etc.  The  basis  of 


exchange  for  the  Alta-Hecla  will  be  seven 
shares  for  one. 

Summit  County 

American  Flag — As  shown  by  a  com- 
pany report,  8550  dry  tons  of  ore  of 
S31.84  a  ton,  or  S272,235  were  produced 
from  August,  1904,  to  Sept.,  1910.  The 
.iverage  smeltery  charges  were  S7.31  a 
ton.  Since  a  lease  and  bond  was  granted 
on  the  property  in  September  S8000  worth 
of  ore  is  reported  to  have  been  shipped. 

Alta-Germania — This  property  is  near 
the  head  of  Little  Cottonwood,  above  the 
old  Albion  mine.  A  750- ft.  tunnel  is  be- 
ing driven  to  tap  a  vein,  which  outcrops 
about  12  ft.  wide.  Control  is  held  by 
J.  G.  Stillwell  and  associates. 
Tooele  County 

Dry  Canon — Eighteen  inches  of  ore 
running  in  silver,  lead,  and  copper  was 
cut  recently  from  the  bottom  of  the  in- 
clined shaft.  Shipments  of  about  a  car 
a  month  are  being  made.  The  last  ore 
brought  S42  a  ton. 

Lion  Hill  Consolidated — The  Buffalo 
tunnel  is  being  advanced  about  6  ft.  a 
day,  toward  Chloride  Point  ground,  since 
the  air-line  has  been  laid  from  the  Ophir 
Hill  compressor.  Work  is  being  done  in 
tiie  Chloride  Point  inclined  shaft.  A  sta- 
tion has  been  cut,  and  a  small  hoist  will 
be  installed. 

Ingot — A  special  meeting  is  called  for 
Dec.  31,  to  act  on  the  question  of  chang- 
ing the  par  value  of  the  stock  from  SI 
to  10c  a  share,  on  account  of  the  State 
corporation  tax,  which  is  considered  too 
heavy.  If  this  is  effected,  the  capitali- 
zation win  be  $10,000  instead  of  SlOO,- 
000,  and  the  tax  will  be  reduced  from,  $50 
to  $5. 


Virginia 
Blackwood  Coal  and  Coke  Company — 
This  company  has  been  organized  to  de- 
velop a  large  tract  of  coal  land  on  Pot 
Camp  fork  of  Powells  river.  The  prop- 
erly is  five  miles  north  of  Roaring  Fork, 
nnd  about  12  miles  northeast  of  Appa- 
lachia,  Va.  The  coal  is  stated  to  be  a 
high-grade  domestic,  clean  and  free  from 
partings,   10   ft.  thick. 

Washington 
Ferry  County 

Quilp — Development  is  being  done 
on  this  property  under  the  direc- 
tion of  William  Pearce,  of  Republic.  A 
tunnel  is  being  driven  on  the  50--ft.  level 
to  tap  the  main  vein. 

Second  Thought — A  recent  strike  un- 
covered fine  ore.  The  work  is  under  the 
direction  of  .1.  Dolan,  manager.  Orient, 
who  states  that  the  shaft  will  be  sunk 
deeper. 

Stevens  County 
United   Copper — The    shipments    from 
this  property  average   from  2  to  3  cars 
per  week,  and  as  soon  as  transportation 


will  permit  the  production  will  be 
doubled.  Conrad  Wolfe,  of  Spokane,  is 
manager. 

Bead  Lake — The  tunnel  is  in  2300  ft. 
and  a  force  will  be  operated  all  winter 
under  the  direction  of  George  E.  Allen, 

of  Spokane. 

Spokane  County 

Farmer  Jones — This  property,  in  the 
Priest  Lake  district,  has  been  bonded  to 
a  company  which  will  work  all  winter. 
C.  S.  Sutton,  Priest  Lake,  is  manager. 

Cuba — Silver-lead  ore  has  been  located 
on  this  property,  north  of  Spokane,  and 
development  is  being  done.  E.  Yake, 
Spokane,  is  president. 


West  Virginia 
Brooke  County 

Reports  from  this  county  are  to  the 
effect  that  the  Lewis-Findley  Coal  Com- 
pany is  buying  large  blocks  of  coal  land, 
in  addition  to  the  property  of  the  Gil- 
christ Coal  Company,  acquired  some  time 
ago.  The  Lewis-Findley  people  are  also 
said  to  be  buying  all  the  coal  property 
they  can  get  north  of  the  Cross  Creek 
district,  that  contains  the  Pittsburg  vein, 
and  to  be  also  about  to  close  a  deal 
for  the  property  of  the  La  Belle  Coal 
Company,  which  lies  south  of  Buffalo 
creek,  as  well  as  other  adjoining  tracts. 

La  Belle  Iron  Works,  Steubenville,  O., 
has  awarded  a  contract  to  James  Coyne, 
of  Steubenville,  O.,  for  about  $20,000,  to 
sink  a  shaft  on  its  coal-mining  prop- 
erty in  this  county.  The  shaft  will  be 
sunk  300  ft.  to  connect  with  the  mine, 
which  tunnels  under  the  river. 

Cabell  County 

Pulaski  Iron  Company — This  Phila- 
delphia company  has  taken  a  90-day  op- 
tion on  the  properties  of  the  Pike  Col- 
lieries Company,  owned  by  the  Blackberry 
Coal  Company,  near  Huntington.  The 
option  specifies  a  purchase  price  of  $200,- 
000.  The  Pike  Collieries  Company  held 
the  coal  under  a  royalty  lease  from  the 
Blackberry,  Kentucky  &  West  Virginia 
Coal  Company.  After  operating  for  some 
months,  the  Pike  company  became  in- 
solvent, and  its  affairs  drifted  into  court. 
When  the  property  finally  came  to  sale 
under  a  court  decree,  it  was  bought  by  a 
syndicate  of  creditors  by  whom  it  was 
sold  to  J.  C.  Miller  in  the  name  of  the 
Blackberry  Coal  Company. 

Canadian  Coal  Company — This  com- 
pany, of  Clarksburg,  has  purchased  2200 
acres  of  land  tributary  to  the  Pittsburg 
division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  and 
expects  to  start  work  on  a  shaft  within 
a  short  time. 

Logan  County 

Aracoma  Coal  Company — Recently  in- 
corporated with  a  capital  stock  of  $100,- 
000,  to  develop  14.50  acres  of  land  and 
to  output  daily  from  1000  to  2000 
tons   of   coal.      The   date    for   the    open- 


December  24,   1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1279 


ing  of  the  machinery  proposals  has 
not  been  set.  E.  B.  Hubard  is  engineer  in 
charge. 

Monitor  Coal  and  Coke  Company — ta- 
corporated  here  by  Pennsylvania  people, 
is  arranging  to  undertake  the  develop- 
njent  of  a  1400-acre  tract  in  the  vicinity 
of  Logan. 

Gem — ^This  property  is  being  worked  by 
Harry  Grove  and  John  Askman,  Orient. 
The  tunnel  is  in  300  feet. 


Wisconsin 

Frontier — This  mine,  at  Benton,  has 
increased  its  usual  2  per  cent,  monthly 
dividend  to  5  per  cent,  in  December;  it 
is  producing  500  tons  of  concentrates 
monthly,  mainly  from  the  core  or  foot 
country,  that  assay  40  to  43  per  cent. 
zinc.  It  operates  the  mine  on  day  shift, 
which  keeps  the  200-ton  mill  busy  on 
both  shifts. 

Pittsburg-Benton — This  mine  is  being 
profitably  operated  under  lease  by  the 
Sheffer  Mining  Company,  a  local  concern. 

Winskell — This  mine,  near  Shullsburg, 
now  controlled  by  the  Wisconsin  Zinc 
Company,  has  completed  its  new  mill  and 
will  become  an  active  shipper. 

Lucky  Twelve — This  mine,  at  New  Dig- 
gings, is  being  energetically  operated  and 
recently  turned  out  55  tons  in  seven 
hours. 

Fox — This  mine  has  again  become  an 
important  producer  since  its  recent  pur- 
chase by  the  Mineral  Point  Zinc  Com- 
pany, and  outputs  about  20  tons  of  con- 
centrates daily. 

Calvert — This  mine,  under  Madison 
management,  has  become  a  steady  pro- 
ducer and  reached  the  dividend  stage. 

Cleveland — This  mine,  at  Hazel  Green, 
has  at  last  unwatered  its  shaft  and  re- 
sumed developing  its  large  orebody. 

Kennedy — This  mine  has  resumed  its 
position  as  the  largest  and  most  profitable 
producer  in  the  district  since  it  has  been 
thoroughly  overhauled  by  its  new  owners, 
the  Mineral  Point  Zinc  Coitipany. 

Canada 

Nova  Scotia 

Dominion  Steel  Corporation — The  price 
paid  hy  this  company  for  a  controlling 
interest  in  the  Cumberland  Railway  and 
Coal  Company's  property  is  stated  at 
SI,800,000  in  securities.  The  company 
is  negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  iron- 
ore  areas  in  St.  George's,  Newfoundland. 

Ontario 

Shipments  for  Cobalt  for  the  week 
ended  Dec.  9  were:  Drummond,  401,- 
200  lb.;  Nipissing,  314,510;  Temiskam- 
ing,  125,760;  Crown  Reserve,  124,600; 
La  Rose,  85,310;  Cobalt  Central,  83,900; 
Townsite,  78,000;  O'Brien,  76,400;  Con- 


iagas,  60,400;  Right  of  Way,  60,130-;  Mc- 
Kinley-Darragh,  55,340;  Trethewey,  44,- 
200;  total,   1,509,750  pounds. 

Wettlaufer — It  is  now  authoratively 
stated  that  the  Adolph  Lewisohn  inter- 
ests which  control  the  Kerr  Lake  mine, 
have  closed  the  option  on  this  South  Lor- 
raine  property. 

Nippissing — The  statement  as  of  Dec. 
10  was  as  follows:  Cash  in  bank,  ore  in 
transit  and  at  smelters,  5952,394.  Ore 
at  mine  ready  for  shipment.  S296,313. 
Another  rich  oreshoot  has  been  opened 
up  at  the  170-ft.  level  of  the  Meyer  shaft. 

Millerett — This  Gowganda  company 
has  made  its  first  shipment  of  ore  over 
this  winter's  roads. 

Trethewey — The  directors  directors  are 
asking  the  shareholders  to  consent  to  in- 
creasing the  present  capital  of  SI, 000, 000 
to  S2, 000,000  by  an  issue  of  treasurj- 
stock,  to  be  used  only  for  the  acquisition 
of  additional  properties. 

Floyd — This  Cobalt  company  has  gone 
into  liquidation.  The  stock  will  be  ac- 
quired by  the  Temagami  company,  which 
will  work  the  property. 

Hargrove — Ore  is  now  being  shipped 
from  development  on  No.  3  vein.  In 
sinking  on  No.  1  vein  from  the  125-ft. 
level  a  new  body  of  high-grade  ore  has 
been  encountered. 

Beaver — A  statement  issued  for  the 
quarter  ended  Nov.  30  shows  a  large 
amount  of  development  done,  including 
625  ft.  of  drifting,  367  ft.  of  crosscutting, 
41  ft.  of  sinking,  49  ft.  of  raising,  301 
cu.yd.  of  stoping  and  a  station  cut  at 
the  300-ft.  level  275  cu.yd.  Several  good 
discoveries  were  made.  The  cash  balance 
on  hand  Nov.  30,  less  accounts  payable, 
was  $36,681. 

Preston  Claim — This  Porcupine  prop- 
erty, south  of  the  Dome  mine,  is  reported 
sold  to  a  Toronto  brokerage  house  for 
$250,000. 

Hollinger  Gold  Mines — This  Porcupine 
company  has  been  organized,  capitalized 
at  $3,000,000,  with  the  following  direc- 
torate: N.  A.  Timmins,  president;  John 
McMartin,  vice-president;  J.  H.  Ti;iimins, 
Duncan  McMartin  and  D.  A.  Dunlap, 
treasurers.  It  owns  four  claims  on  which 
a  3-stamp  rriill  has  been  steadily  at  work 
for  some  time. 

Stcivart  &  Hewitson — Cyrus  W.  Baker, 
of  Denver,  who  has  an  option  on  this  sil- 
ver property,  near  Port  Arthur,  will  be- 
gin development  at  once.  B.  Wilcox,  of 
British  Columbia,  has  been  placed  in 
charge  and  work  on  the  sinking  of  a 
shaft  will  be  continued  throughout  the 
winter. 


Me 


Mines  Company  of  America — The  direc- 
tors declared  a  quarterly  dividend  for  the 
quarter  ended   Dec.  31   of  2j.i    per  cent.. 


placing  the  stock  on  a  9  per  cent,  basis. 
Dividends  of  4'..  per  cent,  were  also  de- 
clared on  the  shares  of  the  Dolores  com- 
pany and  7ji  per  cent,  on  shares  of 
the  El  Rayo  company.  The  combined 
properties  have  $290,424  of  cash  on  hand 
and  $321,970  of  ore  bullion  and  concen- 
trates in  transit,  besides  $351,852  of  ma- 
terials and  supplies,  giving  a  net  working 
capital,  Dec.  19,  of  .$964,246.  Under  the 
terms  of  consolidation  of  these  proper- 
ties into  the  Mines  Company  of  America, 
en  the  basis  of  10  shares  of  El  Rayo  for 
seven  shares  of  Mines  Company  of 
America  and  Dolores,  share  for  share, 
a  large  majority  of  the  stock  of  both 
companies  has  been  converted  and  before 
Jan.  11,  when  the  date  of  exchange  ex- 
pires, it  is  anticipated  that  practically  all 
of  the  stock  will  have  been  exchanged. 
The  directors  of  the  Mines  Company  of 
America  appointed  a  committee  to  take 
the  steps  to  have  the  shares  listed  on 
the  New  York  Stock  Exchange.  George 
A.  Schroter,  the  company's  engineer  who 
is  in  Chihuahua,  advises  that  there  has 
been  no  cessation  at  either  the  Dolores  or 
El  Rayo  due  to  political  troubles,  except 
that  for  a  few  days  the  railroad  service 
west  from  Chihuahua  was  blocked. 

DURANCO 
West  Mexico  Exploration  Company— 
This  Denver  company,  Thomas  B.  Craw- 
ford, secretary,  has  built  a  small  mill  for 
plates  and  cyanide  near  Sianori  on  the 
Humayi  river.  Development  is  being 
done. 

SONORA 

Moctezuma  Copper  Company — Owing 
to  a  scarcity  of  water  the  output  for  1910 
was  less  than  the  previous  year.  It  is  es- 
timated that  the  year's  tonnage  will  be 
about  450,000;  whereas  510,094  tons 
were  treated  in  1909,  producing  110,725 
tons  of  concentrates. 

Calumet  &■  Sonora — An  agreement  has 
been  reached  whereby  the  Greene-Can- 
anea  will  supply  the  company  with  elec- 
trical power  from  its  main  plant  in  Ron- 
qi;iIlo.  Work  on  the  transmission  line 
will  commence  in  January. 

San  Pablo — This  property,  in  the 
Moctezuma  district,  is  being  worked  by 
lessees. 

Tharsis-York — A  contract  has  been  let 
for  the  sinking  of  a  two-compartment 
shaft  near  Nacozari. 

La  Palma — A  20-ton  Nissen  mill  is  in 
erection,  also  an  aerial  tramway  connect- 
ing mine  and  mill. 

Roy  Mining  Company— 'Work  has  tem- 
porarily ceased  at  this  property,  Mocte- 
zuma district. 

Cordon  de  Cobre — This  concern  has 
won  its  claim  against  the  Cananea  Con- 
solidated for  a  small  section  of  ground 
near  Cananea. 

Greene-Cananea — Work  has  started  on 
a  shaft  from  the  surface  of  the  Elisa 
mine  to  the  600-ft.  level. 


1280 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


J^ 


THE  MARKETS 


Current    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions    and   Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


New  York,  Dec.  21 — The  coal  trade  in 
the  West  is  active,  but  continues  to  de- 
pend largely  on  car  supply  and  trans- 
portation conditions.  These  are  a  little 
better,  especially  in  the  Indiana  field  and 
to  some  extent  also  in  Illinois.  Prices 
generally  have  an  upward  tendency,  on 
account  of  the  advances  in  railroad  rates. 

In  the  East  the  seaboard  bituminous 
fade  has  lapsed  into  present  dullness,  and 
no  immediate  improvement  is  looked  for. 
The  anthracite  trade  is  steady.  Car  sup- 
ply in  the  East  is  causing  more  trouble. 

Alabama  Coal  Rates — Testimony  is  be- 
ing taken  at  Birmingham.  Ala.,  on  the 
application  of  the  Alabama  Coal  Oper- 
ators' .'Association  to  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission.  The  petition  is  to 
equalize  coal  rates  on  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  and  the  Southern  railroads, 
the  petitioners  charging  that  the  present 
rates  discriminate  in  favor  of  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee  mines  and  against  Ala- 
bama coal. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  originating  on 
all  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Company  east  of  Pittsburg  and  Erie, 
1!  months  ended  Nov.  30,  short  tons: 


1909.  1910. 

Anthracite 10,128,Gi9  10,337.945 

Bituminous 3.5,283,701  37,ti«5,lli9 

Ct)l4« 10,li83,C65  12,024,687 


Changes. 
I.  21)9,316 
I.  2.i01,468 
I.  1.341,022 


Total 50,095,995    00,047,801      I.  3,951 ,806 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  7  per 
cent. 

Coal  receipts  at  Boston,  1 1  months 
ended  Nov.  30,  reported  by  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  in  long  tons: 


1909, 


1910, 


Anthracito. ., 
Bitiiniininis  . 


1,. '•.75,789    1,024.408 

3.214,6.Vi     3,776,732 


Total  domestic...  4,790,441    5,401,140 
Foreign 204,106       270,304 


Changes 
I.  48,619 
I.  562,080 

I.  610,699 
I,    66,258 


Total 4,994,547    5,071.504      1.676,9.57 

The  total  increase  this  year  was  13,6 
per  cent.  The  foreign  coal  is  nearly  all 
from   Nova  Scotia. 

Coal  and  coke  tonnage  of  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  railway,  four  months  of  fiscal 
year,  July  1  to  Oct.  31,  short  tons: 

Coal.  Coko.        T"tal. 

New  River 2,.5.59.268 

Kanawha •2,648,389 

Kentnek.v  291..54r. 

Connecting  lines 33,929 


105,739    2.6(15.007 

22,405    2.l'.7ll,794 

291  ..546 

44,288 


10.359 


Total 5,533.131        ]:W,.503    6.6-1,634 

Total, 1909 4,948.288        147,071     5,095,359 

Total  increase,  576,275  tons,  or  11.3 
per  cent.  Deliveries  this  year  to  points 
west  of  mines,  3,577,277  tons  coal  and 
58,364  coke;  points  east,  515,991  tons 
coal  and   15,316  coke;  tidewater,  1,432,- 


877  tons  coal  and   15,316  coke;  anthra- 
cite to  line  points,  6986  tons. 

Coal  tonnage  of  Norfolk  &  Western 
railway  five  months  of  fiscal  year  July  1 
to  Nov.  30,  in  short  tons: 

Com-  Com- 

Field.  mercial.  pany.  Total. 

Pocah.intns 4,647,614  445,318  5.092.932 

Tug  River 647,347  190,379  837,726 

Thackcr 670,761  253,999  924.760 

Kenova 310,385  64,238  374,623 

Clinch  Valley 31.5,291  20,200  3,35,491 

Total 6,501.398        974,134     7.565,532 

As  compared  with  the  corresponding 
period  in  1909,  the  total  shows  an  in- 
crease of  1,067,782  tons,  or  16.6  per  cent. 

New  York 

Anthracite 

Dec.  21 — The  hard-coal  market  is  with- 
out change.  Business  is  good,  both  for 
domestic  and  steam  coal.  Buckwheat  and 
rice  are  still  in  rather  short  supply. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
$4.75  for  lump,  S5  for  egg  and  stove  and 
$5.25  for  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor.  Steam  sizes  are  unchanged.  We 
quote  for  pea,  .S3';(3.25;  buckwheat, 
$2.25 f^'f  2.75;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice, 
$1.80C((2.25;  barley,  S1.40rr/ 1.75;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Bituminous 

Trade  is  dull.  The  support  which  the 
market  received  for  a  time  from  the 
West  has  dropped  out,  now  that  the  Il- 
linois and  Indiana  mines  are  all  at  work. 
Dealers  here  begin  to  realize  how  much 
that  demand  held  up  business.  Local 
and  New  England  trades  are  not  taking 
much  coal  just  now. 

Prices  have  dropped  5  or  !0c.  Gas 
coals  bring  about  $1.05  at  mine  for  .'t- 
in.,  95c.  for  run-of-mine  and  75c.  for 
slack.  Good  steam  coals  can  be  had  at 
prices  which  work  out  from  SI  up  to 
SI. 40  at  mine,  for  run-of-mine. 

Car  supply  is  poor  again.  The  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  is  in  bad  shape  and  the 
Pennsylvania  is  also  behind.  Transpor- 
tation is  slow,  largely  on  account  of 
snow,  which  has  been  much  heavier  in- 
land than  along  the  coast. 

In  the  coastwise  vessel  market. stonny 
weather  and  delays  at  unloading  ports 
have  made  vessels  scarce,  and  rates  are 
higher.  From  Philadelphia  to  Boston, 
Salem  and  Portland,  rates  range  from 
85c.  for  large  vessels,  up  to  SI  for  small 
boats.  From  New  York  70rfi75c.  is 
charged  to  points  around  Cape  Cod. 

Birmingham 
Dec.  19 — If  the  miners  can  be  kept  at 
work  there  will  be  no  hesitation   in  the 


coal  production  in  Alabama  through  the  ■ 
holidays.  There  is  need  for  every  ton  f 
of  coal  that  can  be  mined.  The  output  at 
mines  in  this  State  is  big  and  the  indica- 
tions point  to  a  steady  condition  through 
several  months  to  come.  Much  of  the 
coal  being  mined  is  leaving  the  State. 
Orders  in  hand  and  in  sight  call  for  a 
large  amount  of  coal.  As  far  as  can  be 
learned,  the  mine  workers  are  not  anxious 
to  take  much  time  off  for  the  holidays. 
Considerable  development  work  is  go- 
ing on  in  the  Alabama  coalfields  and 
more  of  it  is  contemplated.  The  Prait 
Consolidated  Coal  Company,  an  indepen- 
dent company  r.ow  producing  more  coal 
than  any  other  in  the  South,  has  just  ac- 
quired a  large  tract  of  coal  lands  from 
the  Long  estate  and  will  during  the  com- 
ing year  begin  developing  the  same.  The 
property  is  in  Walker  county.  There 
are  new  mines  being  opened  in  Jefferson, 
St.  Clair,  Shelby,  Bibb  and  Walker  coun- 
ties. Work  is  also  about  to  start  on  new 
mines  in  Blount  and  Cullman  counties. 


Chicago 

Dec.  19 — Cold  weather  throughout  Chi- 
cago territory  has  not  strengthened  the 
market  greatly;  though  prices  remain 
nearly  unchanged.  There  is  difficulty  in 
disposing  of  all  the  coal  that  is  coming 
in  for  both  steam  and  domestic  uses. 
This  can  be  due,  of  course,  only  to  over- 
shipments  at  the  present  time,  large 
stocking  up  by  the  principal  consumers 
or  a  less  consumption  by  the  steam  users, 
A  combination  of  the  three  causes  seems 
to  he  probable.  Receipts  from  Illinois 
mines  have  been  large  since  the  resump- 
tion of  mining  early  in  September;  some 
though  probably  not  most  consumers  have 
laid  in  large  stocks,  and  some  lines  of 
steam  consumption  have  lessened  their 
activities.  That  more  coal  than  usual 
has  been  diverted  to  this  market  seems 
most  explanatory.  The  significant  feature 
is  that  shippers  of  coal  should  not  rush 
surplus  stocks  to  Chicago  until  the  mar- 
ket is  somewhat  stronger. 

Illinois  and  Indiana  lump  brings  S2.15 
r,i2.80.  run-of-mine  $1.90fr(2.10  and 
screenings — still  strong  in  comparison 
with  lump  and  run-of-mine — $1.50r<(1.70 
on  most  of  the  sales  made.  Eastern  coals 
share  with  western  the  tendency  to  weak- 
ness, though  prices  on  smokeless  nomi- 
nally remain  as  in  previous  weeks,  S4,20 
for  lump  and  S3.30  for  run-of-mine, 
Hocking  is  apparently  the  strongest  of 
coals  from  east  of  Indiana,  because  of 
restricted  shipments,  and  sells  for  S3.40 
as   heretofore.     The    anthracite   trade   is 


December  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1281 


fair,  with  the  demanej  for  chestnut  un- 
abated. The  market  continues  to  be  sen- 
sitive to  weather  changes  and  there  is 
little  trouble  about  transportation,  speak- 
ing generally. 


Cleveland 

Dec.  19 — Demand  is  active,  especially 
for  domestic  coal.  Now  that  Lake  ship- 
ments are  over,  the  mines  have  plenty  of 
coal  to  ship;  but  car  supply  is  still  poor 
and  irregular.  Transportation  also  is 
slow,  and  the  market  alternates  between 
scarcity  and  surplus. 

Middle  district  coal,  f.o.b.  Cleveland, 
brings  S2.15  for  1'4-in.,  SI. 90  for  '.4 -in., 
S1.80  for  run-of-mine  and  S\.55(ii  1.70 
for  slack,  which  is  scarce.  No.  8  and 
Cambridge  districts  5c.  or  10c.  more. 
Pocahontas  is  nominally  S3.60  for  lump 
and  S2.60  for  run-of-mine,  but  is  hard 
to  get. 

Indianapolis 
Dec.  20 — There  has  been  a  gradual 
improvement  in  mining  conditions  in  In- 
diana during  the  past  week.  With  a  bet- 
ter supply  of  cars  for  coal  shipments 
the  mines  have  resumed  operationj  on 
full  time.  The  indications  point  to  an 
increase  in  the  price  of  coal  at  the  mines. 
Buying  by  dealers  in  the  country  dis- 
tricts has  been  a  little  slow  because  the 
prices  are  high  and  they  fear  a  slump. 
The  demand  from  the  Northwest,  how- 
ever, is  good  and  the  buying  is  steady. 

Pittsburg 

Dec.  20 — Demand  for  coal  is  still  light- 
er, domestic  supplies  being  laid  in  while 
industrial  operations  are  decreased  and 
very  little  coal  indeed  is  needed  beyond 
what  consumers  get  on  regular  contracts. 
The  small  demand  for  screened  coal  has 
caused  a  scarcity  of  slack,  which  has 
been  advancing.  Occasionally  sales  are 
made  at  about  SI  per  ton,  while  odd 
cars  in  danger  of  demurrage  are  occa- 
sionally offered  at  as  low  as  75c.  The 
leading  interest  is  not  selling  mine-run 
at  less  than  $1.22' i,  inasmuch  as  it  has 
a  number  of  contracts  on  this  basis,  but 
now  and  then  there  are  sellers  at  even 
below  SI.  15.  Car  supply  is  good,  ex- 
cept on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  which  has 
been  short  for  a  few  days.  Today  the 
leading  interest  has  four  mines  down  on 
that  road  on  this  account.  We  continue 
to  quote:  Mine-run  and  nut,  SI. 15;  ^- 
in.,  S1.35;  I'i-in.,  $1.40;  slack,  SZ'Ami 
85c.  per  ton. 

Conncllsvillc  Coke — A  contract  has 
been  put  through  for  2000  tons  of  fur- 
nace coke  monthly  over  the  first  half  at 
the  flat  price  of  S1.60,  and  it  is  reported 
that  a  couple  of  others  of  like  character 
have  been  put  through,  making  a  total  of 
10,000  tons  a  month.  This  is  the  first 
coke  sold  at  a  flat  price  for  a  year  or 
half  year  for  some  time,  and  establishes 
the  market  at  $1.60  for  first  half,  al- 
though for  the  entire  year  a  slightly  high- 


er price  would  probably  obtain.  For 
some  time  we  have  quoted  the  contract 
furnace-coke  market  as  purely  nominal, 
the  business  done,  and  not  much  of  it  at 
that,  being  on  a  scale  basis.  One  or  two 
lots  have  been  sold  for  first  quarter; 
otherwise  the  market  has  been  practic- 
ally bare  of  business.  Two  or  three 
scale  contracts  are  being  negotiated  in  a 
desultory  fashion,  while  a  large  merchant 
furnace  interest  is  negotiating  on  a  flat- 
price  basis.  We  quote:  Prompt  furnace, 
S1.40f(/ 1.50;  contract  furnace,  S1.60(f7 
1.75;  prompt  foundry,  $2^(2.10;  contract 
foundry,  S2.25r(/2.50,  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  production  in  the 
Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville  re- 
gion in  the  week  ending  Dec.  10  at  292,- 
435  tons,  an  increase  of  3000  tons;  ship- 
ments at  2740  cars  to  Pittsburg,  4913 
cars  to  points  west  and  597  cars  to  points 
east,  a  total  of  8250  cars. 


St.  Louis 

Dec.  19 — The  market  has  been  dull  all 
week.  Though  the  weather  has  been  cold 
and  it  would  seem  that  coal  should  be  in 
good  demand,  yet  the  reverse  is  the  fact 
and  the  market,  if  anything,  is  getting 
v.orse.  Cartcrville  lump  shows  a  little 
improvement  for  shipment  to  the  North- 
west and  to  the  Southwest,  particularly 
the  latter.  All  other  sizes  and  grades  of 
coal  remain  practically  at  the  same  prices 
as  last  week. 

Current  prices  in  the  St.  Louis  market 
are  as  follows: 


.standard: 

6-in.  lump 

2-in.  lump 
Mine-run,  . 

2-nul 

2-in.  .'screenings. 
Pea  and  slack... 


F.o.b. 

F.o.b.      St. 

.Mine.  Louis. 
1 .  40  1 .  92 
1 .  20  1 .  72 
1  00  1 .  .52 
1 .  00  1 .  .52 
0 .  .50  0 .  92 
0.:W     0.82 


Staunton.  Mt.  Olive  A-  .sprniglield: 

6-in.  lump 2.00  2.52 

.3-in.  lump 1.75  2.27 

.Mine-run ....      1.40  1.92 

2-in.  nut ....      1.00  1.52 

2-in.  screenings                            0..50  1.02 

Cartervillc: 

fi-in.  lump  or  egK                                       I   7.5  2  42 

:Mn.  nut 1.00  2.27 

Mine-run 1.20  1.87 

l}-in.  screcninKS                                        0.75  1.42 

F"ranklin  Count  .v: 

6-in.  lump  or  eKg 2.00  2  67 

:i-in.  nut 1.75  2  42 

2-in.  nut 1..50  2.17 

IJ-in.  screenings      0.75  1 .42 

Trenton: 

0-in.  lump                                                   2.. 50  3.02 

6-in.  egg.  .                                                       2., 50  3.02 

3-in.  mil...                                                 2.00  2.52 

Pennsylvania  .\nT  liraciie: 

Chesliiut 7 .  20 

Stove  and  egg 6 .  B5 

(irate                                                              ....  R. 70 

fok.-: 

Connellsville  founilr.v 2.50  5.30 

( las  house 5 .  00 

Smithing  coal 1.65  4.15 

Pocallontas  Smokcles- 

Lump  and  egg 2 .  25  4  75 

Mine-run 1   25  3  7.5 

Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  per 
ton  below  the  St.  Louis  quotations. 

Dealers    are    not    doing    much    locally 

though  they  seem  able  to  keep  busy  with- 
out any  trouble.     A  fairly  good  volume  of 


coal  seems  to  be  moving;  the  trouble  is 
that  there  is  no  price.  Screenings  are 
moving  quite  well  and  the  prices  are 
about  55c.  per  ton  at  mine  for  Standard 
and  70c.  for  Carterville,  with  slight  va- 
riations from  day  to  day. 

The  rate  situation,  which  has  been  so 
mixed  up  for  the  last  four  or  five  months, 
has  at  last  been  definitely  settled  by  a 
general  advance  of  7c.  per  ton  to  nearly 
all  northern  points  including  Chicago  and 
Peoria.  The  railroads  attempted  to  en- 
force a  general  advance  of  10c.  per  ton  in 
July,  but  were  restrained  by  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission.  The  mat- 
ter was  finally  compromised,  the  com- 
mission sanctioning  a  7c.  advance. 

The  market  for  smokeless  coal  has 
been  a  little  off  and  the  demand  light, 
though  prices  are  kept  up  by  the  heavy 
demand  in  other  places. 

Anthracite — The  market  is  much  slower 
on  all  sizes  though  chestnut  is  still  in 
good  demand.  Egg  and  grate  were  a 
little  hard  to  move  this  week,  though  a 
good  tonnage  was  placed. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


British  Fuel  Exports — Exports  of  fuel 
from  Great  Britain,  with  coal  sent  abroad 
for  use  of  steamships  in  foreign  trade,  1 1 
months  ended  Nov.  30,  long  tons: 


1!>09.  1910. 

Coal 57.748.100  50,89.5,907 

Coko 1,04(1.890  «Kt.sa2 

Briquets   1,302,1X19  1,376,890 


ChangeB, 
D.  852,103 
D.  170,998 
I.       14,881 

Total  exports...  00.150.999    59.136,779     D.  1.014,220 
Steamer  coal 1R,0S5,808    17,877,680    D.     208,182 


Total 78.230,807     77,014,465    D.  1,222,402 

Imports  are  insignificant;  they  were 
only  5305  tons  in  1909,  and  32,095  this 
year. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices — Messrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardifi",  report 
prices  of  coal  on  Dec.  10  as  follows: 
Best  Welsh  steam  coal,  S3.96;  seconds, 
S3.78;  thirds,  $3.60;  dry  coals,  $3.72; 
best  Monmouthshire,  $3.54;  seconds, 
S3.36;  best  steam  small  coal,  S2.28;  sec- 
onds, $2.04.  All  prices  are  per  long  ton, 
f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days,  less 
2' J  per  cent,  discount. 


JiJI IRON  TRADE-REVIEW  |  S 


New  York,  Dec.  21 — The  iron  and  steel 
markets  have  been  quiet,  with  little  new 
business  doing.  They  have  settled  into 
a  waiting  position,  which  promises  to 
last  for  the  rest  of  the  month,  at  least. 
Part  of  this  is.  of  course,  due  to  the  usual 
lull  at  the  end  of  the  year.  Part  of  it  is 
also  the  result  of  the  recently  announced 
determination  of  the  principal  producers 
to  maintain  prices.  Buyers  are  not  likely 
tp  do  much  ahead  in  the  face  of  this;  es- 
pecially when  there  is  a  general  belief 
that  the  decision  is  not  permanent,  and 
that  there  will  be  a  general  reduction  in 
January.  That  such  a  movement  will  be 
made   few  doubt.     Indeed   it  is  reported 


1282 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


that  a  few  contracts  have  been  made  with 
protection  clauses  for  the  buyers.  Wait- 
ing is  the  only  position  that  can  be  ex- 
pected under  the  circumstances. 

About  the  only  business  that  has  been 
done  is  in  structural  contracts;  and  here 
it  is  reported  that  fabricating  companies 
are  discounting  the  expected  reduction  in 
prices  of  steel. 

In  pig  iron,  which  is  not  protected  by 
an  "understanding,"  some'  business  has 
been  done,  but  nothing  on  a  large  scale. 
There  are,  however,  quite  a  number  of 
inquiries  for  first-half  contracts. 

Alabama  Consolidation — It  is  stated 
that  negotiations  are  pending  for  the 
consolidation  of  the  Woodward  Iron 
Company,  and  the  Birmingham  Coal  and 
Iron  Company,  in  Alabama.  The  con- 
solidated company  would  own  a  num- 
ber of  coal  mines,  a  large  tract  of  ore 
lands  and  five  blast  furnaces. 

Lalce  Superior  Iron  Ore  Association — 
F.  B.  Richards,  of  M.  A.  Hanna  &  Co., 
has  been  elected  president  to  succeed 
William  G.  Mather,  of  the  Cleveland- 
Cliffs  Iron  Company,  who  has  been 
president  of  the  association  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  H.  G.  Dalton,  of  Pickands, 
Mather  &  Co.,  was  elected  vice-president, 
and  H.  S.  Stebbins,  of  Oglebay,  Norton 
&  Co.,  treasurer.  W.  B.  Treat  resigned 
as  secretary  and  is  succeeded  by  W.  L. 
Tinker. 


Birmingham 

Dec.  19 — Quietness  prevails  in  the 
Southern  pig-iron  market.  The  manufac- 
turers in  this  section  are  not  looking  for 
any  activity  whatsoever  until  after  the 
turn  of  the  year.  There  will  be  a  fur- 
ther curtailment  in  production  from  n«w 
on,  the  resumption  to  take  place  when  the 
demand  improves.  Very  few  sales  are 
reported  in  the  last  week  or  two.  Despite 
the  announcement  that  several  orders  for 
steel  rails  have  come  to  hand  recently,  it 
!s  understood  that  the  steel  plant  at  Ens- 
ley  may  shut  down  for  the  holidays  with 
no  haste  in  the  resumption.  The  iron 
make  for  the  month  in  Alabama  is  likeiy 
to  fall  under  150,000  tons.  The  quota- 
tions are  still  weak,  and  Sll  per  ton.  No. 
2  foundry,  is  about  the  average.  Furnace 
companies  are  not  anxious  to  sell  beyond 
the  first  half,  inquiries  that  are  now  be- 
ing received  being  for  iron  to  be  delivered 
on  during  the  entire  year  1911.  There 
will  hardly  be  any  sales  of  consequence 
made  during  the  balance  of  the  year. 

The  demand  for  steel,  in  practically 
all  shapes  save  structural,  plates,  bars 
and  angles,  is  dull. 


ring  are  of  small  lots,  up  to  500  tons,  for 
first-quarter  delivery  chiefly,  but  with 
some  running  into  the  second  quarter. 
No  tendency  exists  toward  providing  for 
needs  beyond  the  second  quarter,  inquir- 
ies being  few.  Quotations  nominally 
continue  at  $11,  Birmingham,  or  S15.35, 
Chicago,  for  No.  2  Southern,  and  S\6 
for  Northern  No.  2,  but  these  apply  only 
to  small  purchases  and  it  is  difficult  to 
say  at  what  figures  a  good-sized  lot  could 
be  contracted  for.  Some  sales,  indeed, 
are  said  to  have  been  made  at  25  or  50c. 
less  than  these  quotations.  Lake  Super- 
ior charcoal  iron  has  developed  weakness 
under  the  conditions  so  forcibly  de- 
pressing the  coke-iron  market  and  is 
down  to  S17.50.  With  the  publication  of 
reports  showing  general  lessening  in 
steel  production,  foundry  melters  have 
become  more  cautious  and  a  feeling  that 
the  waiting  policy  is  a  good  one  is  appar- 
ent. 

Buying  of  iron  and  st*l  products  con- 
tinues small,  though  much  structural 
business  is  being  figured  on.  Coke  is 
dull,  with  the  best  Connellsville  at  S4.90, 
Chicago. 


Cleveland 

Dec.  19 — There  has  been  no  action 
yet  as  to  ore  prices,  and  very  little  talk. 
Stocks   on    lower   lake   docks   are   large. 

Pig  Iron — Local  sales  are  small.  No 
one  is  buying  any  iron  not  absolutely 
needed,  and  this  condition  will  probably 
last  until  the  end  of  the  year.  Prices 
are  nominally  unchanged. 

Finished  Material — The  market  is  quiet, 
except  for  some  small  structural  orders 
and  a  little  buying  of  bars  and  sheets. 
The  Pittsburg  meeting  has  apparently 
stopped  the  cutting  on  sheets,  which  had 
been  going  on  for  some  time. 


Chicago 

Dec.  19 — The  iron  market  is  very 
quiet.  Neither  buyers  nor  sellers  seem 
to  be  anxious  to  force  trading;  both  ap- 
pear to  be  willinp  to  wait  until  after 
the  beginning  of  the  new  year  for  active 
negotiations.     Such  sales  as  are  occur- 


Philadelphia 
Dec.  21 — Eastern  Pennsylvania  fur- 
nace interests  are  at  a  complete  stand- 
still. There  is  just  one  glimmer  of  en- 
couragement shown  in  the  receipt  of  in- 
quiries for  quite  large  lots,  in  some  cases 
running  into  a  thousand  or  two  tons  for 
delivery  in  New  Jersey,  New  York  and 
New  England  during  the  first  half  of  the 
year.  It  cannot  be  ascertained  today 
whether  the  quotations  made  are  below 
last  week's,  but  it  is  regarded  as  a  fa- 
vorable indication  that  the  parties  in- 
quiring are  willing  to  close  with  the  ques- 
tion of  price  as  satisfactory.  The  week's 
business  of  small  orders  has  been  excep- 
tionally light.  Virginia  and  farther  south 
makers  have  so  far  not  taken  any  busi- 
ness from  us.  Bessemer  is  quoted 
strongly  and  basic  is  offered  at  rumored 
concessions.  No.  2  X  foundry  is  quoted 
at  $15.50r«  16;  forge  at  $14.50  per  ton. 

Steel  Billets — Billets  were  inquired  for 
a  week  or  two  ago,  but  no  sales  have 
been  made. 

Bars — Latest     mill     advices     indicate 


lessened  activity  incidental  to  the  holi- 
day season.   Stocks  at  the  mills  are  large. 

Sheets — Sheets  are  dull,  but  quotations 
are  not  as  weak  as  early  in  the  month. 
The  only  inquiries  are  from  large  eastern 
consumers  who  are  sounding  the  market. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Cast-iron  pipe  mak- 
ers are  doing  a  fair  December  business 
on  new  orders  for  winter  delivery. 

Plates — Steel  plate  continues  dull  with 
slight  shading  in  response  to  inquiries 
for  early   delivery. 

Structural  Material — Structural  mater- 
ial is  held  at  old  quotations  because  the 
only  business  offered  is  not  attractive. 
Small  winter  construction  requirements 
in  some  southern  cities  and  a  few  small 
orders  from  New  England  quarters  con- 
stitute the  week's  business. 

Scrap — Sales  of  scrap  iron  are  trifling. 
Considerable  shipments  have  been  made 
from  yards  to  interior  buyers  on  old  con- 
tracts. Dealers  report  that  inquiries  for 
heavy  steel  scrap  and  railroad  scrap  have 
been  received  this  week  and  that  the 
bulk  of  the  supply  now  controlled  by 
them  will  soon  be  moved. 


Pittsburg 

Dec.  20 — The  market  has  been  bare  of 
developments  and  is  practically  stagnant. 
Superficially,  prices  of  finished-steel 
products  are  firm,  almost  absolutely  so, 
and  therefore  much  firmer  than  a  month 
ago,  but  there  is  no  business  going  to 
test  them.  As  to  what  January  will  de- 
velop is  a  matter  of  conjecture,  but  there 
are  a  number  of  reasons  for  believing 
that  an  orderly  reduction  will  be  made  in 
a  number  of  finished-steel  products.  As 
already  noted  in  these  reports,  the  aim 
of  steel  producers  is  to  hold  prices  firm 
during  this  period  of  absolute  quietness, 
so  that  if  reductions  are  made  in  Janu- 
ary they  will  be  the  more  impressive 
and  the  more  likely  to  induce  liberal  buy- 
ing, while  another  object  is  to  have  pro- 
duction curtailed  to  the  absolute  require- 
ments, which  are  light. 

Wall  Street  and  the  daily  press  have 
taken  a  special  interest  in  the  iron  and 
steel  market  the  past  week  and  have  dis- 
covered that  conditions  are  very  bad. 
This  may  be  a  new  discovery  for  them, 
but  it  is  no  new  fact  for  the  steel  trade. 
An  instance  of  the  kind  of  news  dished 
up  is  the  item  that  the  La  Belle  and 
Laughlin  tinplate  plants  in  the  Wheeling 
district  are  closed  and  are  not  likely  to 
run  for  a  year.  Inasmuch  as  these  plants 
have  already  been  idle  for  a  year  and  a 
half,  outside  of  the  operation  of  about  25 
per  cent,  of  the  capacity  for  a  few  weeks 
in  September  and  October,  the  prospect 
that  the  plants  may  be  Idle  for  a  year  to 
come  can  hardly  be  regarded  as  of  pro- 
found importance. 

Pig  Iron—A  sale  of  approximately 
2000  tons  of  bessemer  for  December  de- 
livery has  been  made  at  the  regular  mar- 
ket  of  $15,   Valley.     The   basic   market 


December  24,  1910. 


THE  ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1283 


cannot  yet  be  definitely  quoted  for 
prompt,  as  there  have  been  no  sales,  but 
repeated  bids  at  S13,  Valley,  have  failed 
to  bring  out  metal,  and  we  now  quote 
basic  nominally  at  $13.25,  for  prompt, 
while  on  the  basis  of  sales  made  some 
time  ago  for  first  half  at  between  .S13.25 
and  S13.50  the  market  for  delivery  over 
the  whole  half  year  can  be  quoted  nomi- 
nally at  S13.50,  Valley.  Foundry  iron  re- 
mains openly  quotable  at  $13.75''/  14, 
Valley,  but  there  are  definite  reports 
that  at  least  one  interest  would  sell  at 
S13.50  on  an  attractive  tonnage  and  de- 
livery. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  has  con- 
tinued very  quiet  and  remains  nominally 
quotable  at  S38.50,  but  this  price  could 
possibly  be  shaded. 

Steel — The  steel  mills  have  gotten 
closer  together  in  the  past  fortnight  and 
this  has  ser\-ed  to  put  up  open-hearth 
prices  to  the  level  of  bessemer,  which  is 
S23  for  billets  and  S24  for  sheet  bars, 
f.o.b.  Pittsburg  or  Youngstown  mill,  with 
freight  to  destination  added  from  the 
nearer  of  these  two  points.  Rods  have 
weakened  in  the  past  fortnight  and  are 
quotable  at  $27.50,  Pittsburg. 

Sheets — Demand  is  very  light  and  pro- 
duction has  been  curtailed  further,  being 
only  50  or  60  per  cent,  of  capacity,  with 
prospects  of  further  curtailment  next 
week  as  mills  close  for  inventory  and  re- 
pairs. Prices  as  discussed  at  the  meeting 
of  Dec.  15  are  understood  to  be  well 
held:  Black,  2.20c.;  galvanized,  3.20c.; 
painted  corrugated,  SI. 55;  galvanized 
corrugated,  S2.75,  Pittsburg. 


St.  Louis 
Dec.  19 — The  pig-iron  market  has  been 
dull  during  the  past  week,  scarcely  an 
order  worth  mentioning  being  received. 
Prices  are  a  little  weaker  and  there 
seems  to  be  no  chance  for  improvement 
in  the  near  future.  The  current  price 
is  SI  Ira  11.50  per  ton,  Birmingham,  or 
S14.75fr/  15.25,  St.  Louis,  for  No.  2 
foundry. 


±  FOREIGN   IRON  TRADE   ± 


German  Iron  Production — The  German 
Iron  and  Steel  Union  reports  the  produc- 
tion of  pig  iron  in  the  German  Empire 
for  the  10  months  ended  Oct.  31  as  fol- 
lows, in  metric  tons: 

1909. 

I'lunilry  Iron 2.02K,H17 

I  ■•rito  Iron 5.5:1.973 

■••1  ].li;  9l)9,9.'j7 

^H.-riim-  piK :)4(i,«;n 

1  li(ilnn»(ba8lc)plg   6,789.222 

Totol ...10.622,800    12.213,908      1.1.591.108 

Total  increase  was  15  per  cent.  Steel 
pig  includes  spiegeleisen,  ferromanganese 
and  all  similar  alloys. 

Foreign  Trade  of  the  United  States 


1910. 

C 

banges. 

2,41.'-..IW. 

.5:1.1,974 
1,119.:)16 

4II'>.076 
7,738..516 

I. 
D. 
I. 
1. 
I. 

3«r,.>09 
:17.999 

209,3S9 
C4.24r> 

949,294 

« 


Iron  and  Steel — Exports  and  imports  of 
iron  and  steel  in  the   United   States   for 


the  10  months  ended  Oct.  31  are  valued 
as  below  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of 
the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor: 

1909.  1910.  Changes. 

Exports $128,170,458  $164,376,387    I.$36,20.-.,929 

ImportB 23,667.183      32.937,752    I.     9,370,569 


E-tceas,  exp. $104,603,275  $131,438,035    I.$26,835,360 

Increase  in  exports,  28.2  per  cent.;  in 
imports,  39.8  per  cent.  The  leading  ar- 
ticles of  imports  and  exports  were,  in 
long  tons: 


^—Exports — ^  ,. —  Imports — ^ 

1909.  1910.  1909.          1910. 

Plglrou 48,745 

Si-rap 24.137 

Itillnts,  blooms.eto.    98,522 

Bars 70,010  105,022  K).909 

Ruils 211.820  283.:i24      ....             

Sh.-nlH  and  lilati'S..  Ul.:i63  226,625  3.067          5,668 

Stlui-mrnlstiM'l 7-1,473  124,494       

Wlrn-n.ds 14,418  19,140  9,5U        16.941 


95,091  n:i,12S 
18,554  26,622 
29,665    13,770 


196,896 
08,860 
:i9,n9 
;i2,a80 


Wlro 

N.'iilH  anil  spikes. .    38,727 

Tlnplatos 7,456 

Plpiianil  fittings..  132,347 


19,140 

123,863     l:t7,5i;8 

60.729 

8.947 


132.207      

Imports  of  wire  not  reported  in  quan- 
tities. Imports  of  structural  steel  and 
rails  not  reported  this  year.  Reexports  of 
imported  iron  and  steel  were  valued  at 
$177,413  in  1909,  and  $288,981  this  year. 

Iron  Ore  Movement — Imports  and  ex- 
ports of  iron  ore  in  the  United  States  10 
months   ended   Oct.   31,   long   tons: 

1909.  1910.        Changes. 

Imports I,207.:t82    2,219,488      I.     922,106 

Exports 433,623        011,048      I.       78,025 

Of  the  imports  this  year  1,251,960  tons 
were  from  Cuba,  401,612  from  Spain, 
209,017  from  Sweden  and  140,040  from 
Canada. 

Manganese  Ores — Imports  of  mangan- 
ese ores  into  the  United  States  10  months 
ended  Oct.  31  were  178,112  tons  in  1909, 
and  216,827  in  1910;  increase,  38,715 
tons. 


f    METAL- MARKETS    ^ 


New  York,  Dec.  21 — The  metal  market 
generally  continues  dull,  and  there  seems 
little  prospect  of  change  before  the  end 
of  the  year. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


UNITEU    .ST.ITKS     (lol.D 

A.\D     Sll.VKR     MOVEMENT 

Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports, 

Excess. 

Gold  : 

Nov.  1910.. 

$l.:t70.on 

$  4,313,500 

Imp.$  2, 9:17,489 

••      1909.. 

in.cH9.28I 

3.803.037 

Exp.    11,786.644 

Yi'ar  1910.. 

57,444  422 

64.245.880 

3,I98,.'-,:iO 

"      1909.. 

122,301,617 

42,003,194 

"        80.298.323 

SllviT: 

Nov.  1910.. 

6,265,895 

4.827,254 

Exp.        4:)8.341 

"      1909.. 

4,961,483 

4,694,807 

Year  1910. . 

51,299.913 

41.479,718 

9,820,195 

"     1809.. 

62,294,:)44 

41.984,(X)6 

••       10,310,338 

lOxporls  from  tin'  port  of  New  York,  wr'ck 
endi'd  Di'c.  IT:  (!idd,  *7."i.4(Hi,  lo  thp  \V<'«I 
Indies  and  Sonlli  Amerlea  ;  silver.  Jl.IL'l  .."iiM, 
to  London  oiifl  (Jerman.v.  Imports;  (iold, 
S:!S;;..';!i:t.  from  Cidm  and  Auslrulla:  sliver. 
$ir>(l,i:il.    from    Cenlral    and    South    Amerlen. 

Gold — The  price  of  gold  on  the  open 
market  in  London  has  been  unchanged 
at  77s.  9d.  per  oz.  for  bars  and  76s.  4;/.d. 
per  oz.  for  American  coin.  Much  of  the 
supply  for  the  week  was  taken  by  Ger- 
many, and  some  for  India. 


Platinum — The  market  has  been  weak 
and  prices  are  a  little  lower,  at  S38.50 
per  oz.  for  refined  platinum,  and  S40.50M 
41  for  hard  metal.  An  unusual  move- 
ment this  week  has  been  the  purchase  of 
some  round  lots  of  platinum  in  New 
York  for  reshipment  to  Europe.  The  ex- 
act  quantity   cannot   be   ascertained. 

Our  Russian  correspondent  writes, 
under  date  of  Dec.  8,  that  the  market  is 
unchanged.  A  decrease  in  demand  is  ex- 
pected, as  is  usually  the  case  before  the 
Christmas  holidays.  Quotations  are  8.60 
rubles  per  pood — S32.34  per  oz. — at 
Ekaterinburg  for  crude  metal,  83  per 
cent,  platinum;  33,000  rubles  per  pood — 
$32,34  per  oz. — for  the  same  grade  at 
St.  Petersburg.  These  quotations,  how- 
ever, are  nominal  and  subject  to  ne- 
gotiation. 

Silver — The  market  in  silver  has  been 
quiet  the  last  week  with  a  slightly  de- 
clining tendency.  No  movement  of  spe- 
cial interest  seems  to  be  on  foot  at 
present.  Interest  will  center  on  whether 
the  India  government  will  be  in  the  mar- 
ket the  coming  year. 


SILVER    AND 

STEfir.INO 

EXCHAXOE 

Dec. 

15 

10 

17 

19 

20 

21 

New  Y<irk.... 
I...nil..n  . 
Sterling  E.\.. 

64  « 

26.4- 

4.8536 

25  « 
4.8535 

54  Ji 

25 1. 

4.8530 

643i 
4.8640 

64K 

25A 

4.8550 

S4X 

25« 

4.8526 

New  York  quotations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
line  sliver:  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterling 
sliver,   0.025   fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abcll,  Jan.  I  to  Dec.  8: 

1910. 


1909. 

India £6.094.000 

China 1.885.000 

Straits 114.000 


Changes. 
1.    £    595,500 
D.  511.500 

D.  114,600 

Total £8,093,600      £8,063,000     1).    £      ;10,600 


£6.689.600 
1.373.600 


Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 


NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead. 

Zinc. 

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®13 

©12.00 

38% 

4.60 

12»i 

12.. 55 

4.35  1     5.50 

5.35 

lU 

(S)13 

©12.00 

38% 

4.60 

©4.37J®6.65 

©5:40 

12« 

12,65 

4.:i6  j     5  60 

5.:i5 

20 

fflis 

©12.00 

38 

4,60 

©4.37i©5.65 

ffl5.40 

123i 

12,55 

4.35       5,47J 

5. 32  J 

'M 

r5)i3 

©12  r>o 

37% 

4.60 

©4.:)7Jffl6.50 

©5.36 

The  New  York  quotations  for  eiectrol.vtlc 
copper  are  for  cakes,  ingots  and  wlreii'ars. 
and  represent  llie  bulk  of  the  trnnsncllims 
made  with  e(Uisuniers.  i)asls  New  York.  cash. 
The  prices  of  casting  copper  and  of  elect roiyllc 
cathodes  are  us\iall.v  o.li.Tc.  below  that  ol* 
eiectroi.vllc.  The  q\iota(ions  for  lead  repre- 
sent wiiolesale  transactions  in  tlie  open  mar- 
ket. Tile  (piotations  on  speller  are  for 
ordlnar.v  Westirn  brands :  special  brands 
command    a    premium. 


1284 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


LONDON 

Copper. 

Tin. 

Lead, 

Zinc, 

s 

Spot. 

Best 
3Mos  Sel'td 

Spot. 

3M0S 

Span- 
ish. 

(ivdi- 
naries. 

15 

565i 

57K 

60  }S 

173  >i 

174 

13)i 

24 

16 

n 

5iy, 

57J5 

61 

175 

175)i 

W-i 

21« 

19 

57  « 

57!| 

61 

171% 

175}. 

13  Ji 

24 

20 

57« 

57% 

61 

173  fs 

173  ;i 

13>i 

24 

21 

'i66i§     57iJ 

61       172M 

172  ?» 

13  Si 

24 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  qimta- 
tiois  on  London  Metal  Exchange.  •\  l»-'"f 
ai-o  in  pounds  sterling  per  ton  ol  J2W  ID- 
C  pi"  ■  'poMtious  are  for  standard  copper, 
spit  and  three  months,  and  tor  best  se- 
lected price  for  the  latter  being  subject  to  ■, 
pe,  cent  discount.  For  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  London  prices  in  POV°'l%;;*<'l'"l| 
per  -24(1  lb.,  with  American  prices  in  cents 
,'^er   I'ound    the    following    approximate    ratios 


Copper— During  the  week  of  Dec.   15- 
21   there  has  been  a  slight  improvement 
in  the  volume  of  business,  and  as  a  con- 
sequence   the    market    has    displayed    a 
firmer  tone.     At  no  time  during  the   re- 
cent period  of  dullness  has  there  been 
any    serious   pressure    to    sell,   ahhough 
several  of  the  agencies  have  been  wilhng 
to  do  business  at  concessions,  and  this,  of 
course,   has   enabled   the   situation   to   be 
kept  well  in  hand.     The  leading  agencies 
have  continued  to  maintain  their  asking 
price  of  13c.,  delivered,  30  days,  for  elec- 
trolytic,  but    others    have    been    offering 
at    1234c.,   delivered,   30   days,   which   is 
equivalent    to    about    12.60c.    cash.    New 
York,  and  the  business  in  December  and 
January  copper  has  been  done  at   12.55 
(,i  12.60c.,    some    substantial   transactions 
having   been   effected.     It   is   noteworthy 
that   the    business    has    been    chiefly    for 
early    shipment,    indicating    that    buyers 
are  not  well  covered.     An  increase  in  the 
inquiries  is  also  regarded  as  encouraging. 
The  business  of  the  week  in  Lake  copper 
has   been    insignificant    and    the    market 
for  that  class  of  metal  is  largely  nomin- 
al     At  the  close  Lake  copper  is  quoted 
at  12:'4fi/ 13c.,  and  electrolytic  copper  in 
cakes,    wirebars    and    ingots    at    12.55fi7 
12.60c.    Casting  copper  is  quoted  nomin- 
ally at   l2'4<fi\2yiC.  as  the  average  for 
the  week. 

Copper  sheets  are  \8f<i  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14'/<c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

The  London  market  for  standard  cop- 
per has  also  been  somewhat  firmer.  Three 
months'  copper  at  one  time  touched  £57 
18s.  9d.  Sentiment  in  London  seems  to 
be  more  favorable.  At  the  close  spot 
standard  is  quoted  at  £,56  18s.  9d.,  and 
three  months  at  £,57  I3s.  9d.  per  ton. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  8609  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial   correspondent    reports    the    exports 


from    Baltimore    for    the    week    at    3930 
tons. 

The  American  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  has  appointed  Paul  Koning — 
who,  up  to  the  present  has  been  the 
American  representative  of  Messrs.  Bran- 
deis,  Goldschmidt  &  Co.,  of  London— its 
general  European  sales  agent,  with  offices 
in  Berlin,  Germany.  Mr.  Koning  will 
hold  power  of  attorney,  and  will  be  in 
charge  of  the  company's  whole  export 
copper  business. 

Tin — Under  heavy  selling  on  the  part 
of  East  Indian  interests,  the  London  mar- 
ket became  weak  on  Thursday  of  last 
week.  At  the  lower  level,  some  orders 
were  placed  for  American  account,  which 
helped  the  market  to  the  extent  of  about 
one-half  of  its  previous  losses.  The 
market  remained  very  dull  on  about  this 
basis  until  Dec.  20,  when  it  declined 
again,  touching  its  low  point  at  £172  for 
spot,  and  £172  7s.  6d.  for  three  months 
on  Dec.  21,  but  closing  somewhat  better 
at  £172  5s.  for  spot,  and  £172  12s.  6d. 
for  three  months. 

In  this  market,  .January  tin  can  be 
bought  at  about  37?.s  cents. 

Lead— The  market  is  unchanged  at  last 
prices,  4.50c.  New  York,  and  4.35(a 
4.37 'jC.   St.   Louis. 

The  foreign  market  is  also  unchanged, 
Spanish  lead  being  quoted  at  £13  5s., 
English  lead  at  £13  7s.  6d.  per  ton. 

One   of   the    financial   papers    reported 
this  week  that  the  Guggenheim  interests 
have   become   very   bullish   on   lead,   offi- 
cials   thereof    being    credited    with    the 
statement   that    the    supply    on     hand     is 
now    very    small,    and    that    the    demand 
lately  has  been  large.     During  November 
the  surplus   of  domestic   lead   is  said   to 
have    been   reduced   by   more   than   5000 
tons,  and  sales  so  far  in  December  have 
been  greater  than  at  any  time  during  the 
last  two  years.     There  is  also  a  large  de- 
mand   for    January    and    February    ship- 
ments.    The   National   Lead  Company   is 
operating    to    full    capacity.      Two    years 
ago    it    had    a    surplus    of   50,000    tons, 
but  now  it  has  but  a  week's  supply  on 
hand.      The    foregoing    is    important,    if 
true,  but  with  respect  to  the  threatening 
depletion  of  stocks,  we  are  conservative- 
ly doubtful.     However,  there  is  no  ques- 
tion that  stocks  have  been  reduced  dur- 
ing the  current  year. 

Spelter — The  market  has  been  quiet. 
But  little  business  has  presented  itself 
and  this  has  been  eagerly  competed  for, 
resulting  in  a  further  decline  in  price. 
At  the  close,  St.  Louis  is  qjoted  at 
5.32'/,  r«  5.35c.,  and  New  York  at  5.47  Vs 
fr/  5.50   cents. 

The  London  market  is  ur.^iianged  at 
£24  for  good  ordinaries,  ar.d  £24  5s.  for 
specials. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  is  $7.75  per 
1001b.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8 
per  cent,  discount. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — The  market  has  continued 
very  dull.  In  the  absence  of  any  large 
sales,  we  continue  to  quote  nominally 
22;_.  ra23c.  per  lb.  for  No.  1  ingots. 

Antimony — The  market  is  still  dull. 
Cookson's  is  VnC.  Icwer,  being  quoted  at 
ll'.onHc.  per  lb.  U.  S.  is  unchanged, 
at  7>^ro7y,c.;  while  KijTAc.  is  nained 
for  outside  brands. 

Quicksilver — The  market  is  steady, 
with  prices  unchanged.  The  New  York 
quotations  are  $42  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for 
large  lots;  $44fr(  45  for  jobbing  orders. 
San  Francisco,  $41.50  for  domestic  busi- 
ness and  $2  less  for  export.  London 
price  is  £8  per  flask;  £7  12s.  6d.  being 
quoted  by  second  hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
r,(70c.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
Y'ork,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  $1.50  per  lb.  for  100  lb.  lots,  f.o.D. 
New  York. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40'.r45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  usual  price  of  electrolytic  is 
5c.   higher. 


Z-inc    and    Lead  Ore  Markels 


Piatt eville,  Wis.,  Dec.  17 — The  highest 
price  paid  this  week  for  zinc  ore  was 
S46;  the  base  price,  60  per  cent,  zinc, 
was  S43((7  44.  The  base  price  paid  for 
80  per  cent,  lead  ore  was  S54ftI55  per  ton. 

Sllir.MKNTS.    WKEK    ENDED   DEC.    17. 

Zinc  Lead    Sulphur 

Camps.  gj.p^  Yb.     ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 

Miuer.al  I'oint 1,415,740  •• 

Pl.ltt.n-llle M;I,70U         72,740       24;.,1CI0 

llalrua     557,0110  

Bent. Ill .SS7,r.O0  

Harkcr 2s:t.240 

Hb-'hland 2S2.41ID  147,800       ■■,■.•■••■ 

fniia  City 2.50,1120  4t)D,060 

Shullshurg 64,000 

Linden...    _^^^  JiO^     ^lIUll 

Total 4,lnll,l',00        280,540        710,160 

Year  t.i  datn 120.103,;«i4  10,785,044  25,5S(;,600 

Shipped  during  the  week  to  the  sepa- 
rating plants,  2,903,370  lb.  zinc  ore. 

Joplin,  Mo.,  Dec.  17— The  highest  price 
paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore  this  week  was 
$47,  the  base  price  ranging  from  $37  to 
$44.  Zinc  silicate  ore  sold  on  a  base 
price  of  $23r</26  per  ton  of  40  per  cent, 
zinc.  The  average  price,  all  grades  of 
zinc  ore,  was  S40.36.  The  highest  price 
paid  for  lead  ore  this  week  was  $56.50, 
and  the  average  price,  all  grades,  was 
$55.66  per  ton. 

The  zinc  ore  market  took  a  decided 
slump  this  week  and  the  high  base  shows 
a  reduction  of  $2  per  ton  over  last  week's 
price.  Considerable  ore  sold  on  a  $42 
((1 44  base,  but  there  was  also  quite  a 
large  amount  that  sold  on  a  $38  to  $40 
base  and  one  buyer  claimed  to  have  pur- 
chased at  least  100  tons  on  a  $37  base 


I 


December  24,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1285 


The  lead  market  remained  steady  at  $56 
and  a  few  lots  brought  S56.50.  The  gas 
company  has  notified  operators  who  use 
gas  under  their  boilers,  of  a  raise  to  25c. 
per  1000  cu.ft.,  which  makes  the  further 
use  of  gas  unprofitable. 

SIIirMENTS.    WEEK    ENDED    DEC,    17. 


WBbb  City-Cartei-viUi 

JopUii 

OaleiHi 

Alba-Ni'ck 

Dueinvoji 

OronoKi 

Grauby 

Badgrr 

Aurora 

Spiirpnon 

Carthago 

^Ilanii 

Jackson 

Quapaw 

Carl  Junction 

Seneca 


Totals  . 


Zinc   lb.  Lead  lb.    Value 


3,t<19, 
1,.554, 

7.">3. 

585, 

019. 
83. 

50S. 

]8(li 
2S5. 
140, 


9,013,210 


1,791,980 

390,820 

240,170 

92,IV20 

04,320 

245,970 

25,640 


20,910 
87,090 


2,991,320 


$132,284 

45,130 

22,405 

10.237 

9,928 

8,588 

7,300 

4,002 

3,874 

3,885 

3,577 

2,394 

1.832 

1,000 

1,470 

600 


$205,780 


51  weeks .571,902,830  S3,l.-i3.no  S13..-|89,335 

Zinc  value,  the  week,  $182,531 ;  51  weeks,  $11,414,459 
Lead  value,  the  week,     83,255 ;  51  weeks.     2,174.877 


MllNTlII.Y 

.wi-: 

KACI 

ri:i 

■ES. 

ZIJJC  OBE. 

Lead  ore. 

Month. 

Base  Price. 

All  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.     1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February.... 
March 

i.^a?.':.:.-.:::: 

$41.25 
30.94 
37.40 
38.63 
40.00 
44.15 
43.00 
48.25 
47.70 
49.. 50 
51. 31 
49.45 

$47.31 
40.69 
43.60 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39.03 
40.13 
43.45 
43.31 
47.20 

$38.40 
34.37 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.35 
41.11 
44.54 
44.87 
45.75 
48  29 
47.57 

$45.10 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
37.51 
37.83 
30.80 
37.32 
39  96 
40.50 
43.20 

$52.17 
50.50 
50.82 
55.63 
56, 59 
57.52 
63.74 
57.00 
66  11 
65.  u2 
63.94 
55.26 

$.50.99 
53.64 
61.20 
49.72 
48  16 

48  80 

July 

August 

September . . 

October 

November.. . 
December... 

48.59 
49.75 
64.73 
63.18 
64.80 

Year 

$43.98 

$41.20 

$54.00 

XiiTi: — I'nder  zinc  ore  the  first  two  col- 
umns give  base  prices  for  (iO  per  cent,  zinc 
ore:  the  second  two  the  average  for  all  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  average  for 
all   ores   sold. 


Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — The  Lake  Superior  season 
is  closed  and  all  buying  of  ore  will  now 
be  done  on  next  year's  prices.  No  ac- 
tion has  yet  been  taken  toward  fixing 
quotations. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization  of 
sellers,  and  no  general  quotations  can  be 
given.  It  may  be  said,  however,  that 
prices  on  the  open  market  will  range 
from  7  to  8c.  per  unit  of  iron  delivered 
to  furnace;  which  would  be  S3.S0f/i4  for 
a  50  per  cent.  ore.  Most  ores,  how- 
L:\er,  are  sold  under  yearly  contracts. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fi.\ed  by  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
;nntent,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 
cnt.  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
■hnsphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
:ent.  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite.  wolframite 
ind  huebnerite  ores,  S6.50r<(7  per  unit 
^er  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  60 


per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For 
scheelite  ore,  50c. ("«  1.50  per  unit  less. 

Zinc  Ores — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende 
of  good  quality,  especially  as  to  iron  and 
lead  contents,  the  current  price  is  for 
the  zinc  content,  less  8  units,  at  the  St. 
Louis  price  of  spelter;  with  a  deduction 
of  Sl4r,i  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also 
Joplin    and    Wisconsin    ore    markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  pyrites  are  quoted 
at  ll;jfr/12c.  per  unit  of  sulphur  at 
mines  for  furnace  sizes.  Spanish  pyrites, 
furnace  sizes,  are  \2(ii  12' jc.  per  unit, 
ex-ship.  Arsenical  pyrites  are  from  '/i@ 
1,'-4C.   per  unit   less. 

New  Caledonia  Ores 

Shipments  from  New  Caledonia  for 
the  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30,  are  re- 
ported by  the  Bulletin  du  Commerce,  of 
Noumea,  at  78,001  tons  nickel  ore,  8  tons 
copper  ore  and  25,501  tons  chrome  ore. 
In  addition  to  the  ores  there  was  ex- 
ported 155  tons  nickel  matte. 


CHEMICALS 


New  York.  Dec.  21 — The  general  mar- 
ket is  still  quiet,  and  the  tone  is  rather 
one  of  depression. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  fairly 
steady  and  prices  unchanged  at  S4  per 
100  lb.  for  carload  lots  and  S4.25  per 
100  lb.  for  smaller  parcels. 

Arsenic — The  market  is  still  dull  and 
quotations  are  nominally  unchanged  at 
$2.25  per  100  lb.  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — There  is  comparative- 
ly little  doing  in  this  article,  and  prices 
are  unchanged  at  2.12K'C.  per  lb.  for 
both  spot  and  future  positions. 


^   MINING -STOCKS    $ 


New  York.  Dec.  2! — The  markets  gen- 
erally have  shown  some  strength  and 
some  advances  in  quotations;  but  the 
amount  of  business  has  been  small,  and 
almost  wholly  professional.  The  price 
movements  have  been  without  signifi- 
cance. 

The  Curb  has  followed  the  Exchange, 
with  some  show  of  strength  on  a  small 
volume  of  b'lsiness.  Movements  have 
been  chiefly  fractional  and  trading  nar- 
row. The  copper  stocks  shared  in  the 
general  inaction. 

There  will  be  a  long  break,  at  the  end 
of  the  week,  as  the  Exchange  will  ad- 
journ from  Friday  over  to  Tuesday,  for 
the  Christmas  holiday. 

Boston,  Dec.  20 — Sentiment  is  becom- 
ing more  hopeful  regarding  the  copper- 
share  marker  and  although  it  is  but  barely 
discernible  so  far  as  stock-market  quo- 
tations are  concerned,  it  is  in  the  air.  Cop- 
per stocks  have  been  liquidated  to  a  fraz- 
zle and  any  buying  of  volume  would 
cause  a  sharp  rally  in  prices. 

Stocks   have   been   quiet    but   firm   the 


past  week  and  it  would  be  hard  to  pick 
out  any  particular  feature.  Declaration  of 
regular  quarterly  dividends  of  SI  per 
share  by  the  Qsceola  Consolidated  and 
30c.  by  the  North  Butte  are  stimulating 
factors,  for  in  many  cases  a  reduction 
was  expected  by  the  Osceola.  Neither 
event,  however,  had  any  particular  pres- 
ent effect  on  stocks. 

Utah  Consolidated  holds  at  or  just  un- 

OOlM-EIt   I'UODtCTIOX  REPOHTS. 
Copper  contents  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


Company. 

Septem- 
ber. 

October. 

Novem- 
ber. 

22,200,000 
2,672,000 

nit    . 

6,903,759 

2,535.000 

2.128,{HI0 

025,840 

'ri'm.iiik 

2,2i;2,000 
],418,0(X) 
2,125,(MI0 

'7,077,035 
16,700,000 

22,100,000 
3,0(M,000 

928,300 
7,000,790 
1,990,000 
1,757,830 

948,309 

nil 

4,980,300 
2,345,000 
1,286.000 
2.095,(KK) 

7,582'.2i2 
18,600.000 

13,2.50,000 

21,900,000 

Arizona.  Ltd 

Balak  lala 

3,010,000 

Copper  Queen 

Calumet  &  Arlsi 

Detroit 

7,372,770 
1,930,(K10 
1,840,939 

^Inminoth 

Nevada  Con 

Old  Dominion 

Shannon 

Superior  &  Pitts.... 
United  Verde,  est.. 

Utah  Cojjper  Co 

Lake  Superior  dls. 
Est.  for  non-report- 
ing mines 

2,754",o6o 
1,420,000 
2,160,0(H) 
3,(KKI,0(K) 

20,400,006 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars,  etc.. 

71,796,842 
24,303,859 

87,827,873 
24,292,368 

96,101,701 
6,782,067 

112.120.241 
5,173.277 

Total    

100.883.708 

622.702 

2,001  ,.300 
3,5r.5,000 
2,211,435 

117,293,518 

702,154 
1,184,234 

2,278,4.54 

3,.576,0II0 
1,701,108 

Brit.  Col.  Cos. : 
Rrltlsli  Col.  Copper 

.    Mexican  Cos. : 
Boleo 

Cananea 

Moctezuma 

3,058.000 
1,051,235 

l.jikc  Superior  li^ui-es  aro  estimait'd  ;  others 
an-  Imports  icccivetl  I'rom  companies,  unless 
ntlUMwisf  Stated.  r.uleo  copper  does  not 
come    to    American    refiners. 


STATISTICS   OK  COl'l'in 

Month. 

United 

Stales 

Producl'n. 

Deliveries, 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
tor  Export. 

XII, 1909 

117,828,065 

09,519,601 

69.540,670 

Sear,  1909.... 

1,405,403,056 

705,051,591 

080,942,620 

I    1910 

116.547,2,87 
112,712,493 
120,1107.407 
117,477.C.39 
123,242,470 
127,219,188 
118,370,003 
127,803,618 
119,519,983 
120,469.284 
119.353.403 

78,158.:)87 
06,618,322 
02,844,818 
67,985,951 
59,305,222 
53.303,196 
50,708,175 
07.731,271 
04,501,018 
07,814,172 
60,801,992 

81,691,072 
37,369,618 
40,585,767 
31,332,434 
45,495,400 
65,895.948 
69,407.167 
01,831,780 
75,106,496 
08,186.912 
07,124,316 

II 

Ill     

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X            ...  . 

XI 

VISIBLE  Stocks. 

Culled 

States. 

Europe. 

Total, 

XII.  1909 

I.  1910 

II 

Ill 

153.003.627 
141.700.111 

98,403,339 
107,187,992 
123,824.874 
141,984,159 
100,425,973 
168,380,017 
170,640,078 
108,881,245 
148,793,714 
139,261,914 
130,389,069 

236,a57.000 
244.204,8(K) 
248,2:10,800 
254,1.50,100 
249, 0,25. OtXl 
24r,,870,400 
239,142,400 
232,892,800 
222,320,000 
218,444 ,8(H) 
211,276.800 
19S,0(;o,800 
193,200.000 

389.861.127 
385.970.811 
346,700,139 
301 .3:18,392 
373.460,474 
;!88.8.54,559 
399,508,373 
401,278,817 
392,900,078 
387,:)20,045 
30.0,070,514 

;i;t7,:!22,7i4 

323,589,009 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

XII 

Eltfures  are  In  pounds  of  Hne  copper.  T'.  S, 
production  Includes  all  copper  refined  In  this 
eeuntry.  both  from  domesllc  iind  Imported 
mnlerlnl.  Visible  slocks  are  those  reported 
on  the  llrst  diiv  of  each  month,  as  hroun-ht 
over  from  the  preceding  month. 


128 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  24,  1910. 


der  S13  per  share  and  opinion  is  very 
much  mixed  over  the  condition  of  affairs 
at  this  mine. 

Lake  Copper  and  North  Butte  are  the 
stoclvs  which  are  eventually  expected  to 
pull  this  market  out  of  the  slough  of 
despond.  Both  have  seen  their  periods 
of  disappointments  and  things  are  now  on 
the  mend.  Coppers  are  asleep  and  while 
trade  conditions  are  somewhat  depressing 
at  the  present  writing  this  is  expected  to 
be  but  temporary. 

Curb  business  has  been  extremely 
quiet.  First  National  stockholders  are  in 
receipt  of  a  letter  inviting  them  to  ex- 
change stock  up  to  50,000  shares  for 
stock  of  the  Aztec  Petroleum  Company 
of  California,  which  seems  to  be  a  going 
concern.  The  120,000  shares  of  Butte 
Central  Copper  stock,  par  SIO,  have  been 
listed   on  the  Boston  Curb. 

As.-sessiiifiil.s 


TIN    AT    NKW    YDUK 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Dec.  20. 


Cumpauy. 


Alpha  Con.,  Nov 

Amaiior  C.  4:  ».,  Ida 

Anial.  Nev.  :\riues  Co 

Bi'i-'k  Tunnel,  Utah 

Belcher,  Nev 

Bullion,  Nev 

Chollar,  Nev 

Con.  Imperial,  Nev 

Copper  King,  Ida 

Federal  Ely,  Nev 

Florence  M.  &  M.,  Ida 

Gi  'Uld  &  Curry,  Nev 

Horseshoe,  Ida 

Ibe.x.  Ida 

Kev.Mone,  TJtah 

Leroy  G  &  t'..  Ida 

Little  North  Fork,  Ida 

Lucky  Swede  G.  k  C,  Ida.. 

Mexican.  Nev 

Now  York  Summit,  Utah. . 

North  Franklin,  Ida 

Silver  Queen,  Utah 

Uintah-Treas.  Hill,  Utah. , 

Utah,  Nev 

Vienna  Vein,  Ida 


Jan. 

Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Feh. 


Deliuq.     Sale, 


Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Deo. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Jiin. 
Dec. 


Feb. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 

Mar. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Dec, 
Jan. 


Jan, 
Jan. 
Jan, 
Jan. 
Jan. 


Aiiit. 


$11.(15 
11,(11 
(1  (1.5 
(1,(11 
(1.1(1 
(1,(1.5 
(1  1(1 
(1,(11 
(1,(11 
(1,(11 
(1,(1(11 
(1.1(1 
(I  (1113 
(1,11(1-2 
( 1 ,  ( 1.5 
(1,(1(11 
(l,(l(li 
(I  (1(11 
(1  '2(1 
(1,(1'2 
(1.(1(15 
(I  (1(U 
(1,111 
(1,(1.5 
(l.UUl 


'>loiit  111  1'    \vcrne:t»   Price.s  t»f  ^fletal.s 

sii,vi:i! 


New  York. 

London. 

Month. 

I'.llJU. 

I'JIU. 

1909. 

1910. 

Januarj- 

31,75o'5-2,376!23,84;i 

24,154 

February 

51   172  .51   .5:i4'2;f,7(l(i 

23  794 

March 

.5(l.4(vS51    45J  2:l  •2'27 

23  r.90 

April 

51.42.S  5:)  221  21)  7(1K 

24  4H3 

May 

5-2,;«.i5  .5:)  ti7(i|-24,:i4:i 

24,797 

Juno 

,52.,5:)K  .5:). 4(12  -24, Kid 

24.061 

July 

51.04:)  54, 15U  21). 510 

25.034 

August 

.51,125  52,!112;2:)  !)8H 

24,428 

September 

51,4411  . 5;i, 2(15  2:i, 74:1 

24,607 

Octr.ber 

5(1  il2:i  55  41111  2:J  5(12 

25 , 5(1(> 

November 

51) ,  7U3  35 ,  G35 

2:).:i5l 

25  080 

December 

.52.22(;l 

24.(13(1 

Total 

51  5(12' 

23.70(1 

Xpw    York,    cents   per    fine    onnop :    London. 
pnnce    per    stantlani    inini-iv  


NEW  York. 

Loudoii. 

Eloctrolyilcj       Lake. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909.     1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

13,893 

13,020 

14.280  13,870 

(11,198 

(1(1,923 

February., .. 

1-2, 949 

13,332  13.295  13,719 

67 , 088 

6'.)  388 

Mai<tli 

12.387 

13.2.55ll2,82(i  13, ,580 

60.231 

59.214 

April 

12,5«| 

12.733il2,93j 

13.091 

67,303 

.57.238 

May 

12,893 

12. .5.5(1113.238 

12.885 

69,. 338 

50.313 

June 

13,214 

12,.104il3,.548 

12.798 

69 ,  027 

66,310 

July 

12,88(1 
13,007 

12,215,13.3(13 
12,490' 13  29(1 

12,570 
12,716 

68.660 
59.393 

August 

55,733 

flepteinber  . . 

12,870 

12,379,13.21(1 

12 .  (1(18 

59.021 

.56.207 

October 

12,700 

12,653  13,03(1 

12 ,  788 

67.. 561 

.50,722 

November... 

13,126 

12.742  13,364 

12,914 

68,917 

.57,034 

D(?combor. .. 

13,298 

13.047 

69,900 

Year 

12.982 

13,336 

68.732 

Ni'w  Viirk.  fi'iits  per  ))Onn<l.  Klcrl  rolyllc  Is 
for  ciikes.  in^olR  or  wirehors.  London,  pounds 
Rierlint;.   per   lonjc  ton.   ntnndard   copper. 


^runth. 

January . 
February 
March. . .. 

April 

May 

June 


19119. 

1910. 

28.000 

32  700 

28,290 

32.92(1 

28.727 

32.403 

29.445 

32,976 

29.225 

33,125 

29.322 

32.709 

Month, 


July 

August 

September. 

October 

November., 
December.. 

Av  Year., 


'29.125132,(195 
129,90113:1.972 
:il  1.293  :14.982 


30.475 
30.859 
32.913 


3(1.190 
30.547 


in    cents   per  pound. 


I,KAI> 


Mouth. 

New  Y..rk. 

St.  Louis. 

Loiel.m. 

1909, 

191(1. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

Mai-ch 

April 

Mav 

4,175 
4,018 
3.980 
4.168 
4.287 
4.350 
4.321 
4.363 
4.342 
4.341 
4.370 
4.560 

4.700 
4.013 
4.459 
4 .  37(1 
4.315 
4.343 
4,404 
4.40(1 
4,40(1 
4.40(1 
4,442 

4,025 
3 .  868 

3  835 
4,051 
4,214 
4,291 

4  ISS 
4  227 
4  215 
4.216 
4,252 
4.459 

4 .  .5.H2 
4,445 
4.307 
4.22,-. 
4.104 
4.2(17 
4  291 
4  2911 
4  2.S9 
4,271 
4,314 

13   113 

i:!,:ii;i 
13  4:is 
i;i  297 
1 :) .  22.') 
13  ii:)i 

12.563 
12.475 
12.7H1 
13.176 
13.047 
13.125 

13.0,50 
13  328 
13  (ill:) 
12  (141 

12  688 
12  .531 
12.513 
12,. 582 
13.091 
13,217 

Julv 

August 

September  . . 

(.ictol)er 

November. ,. 
December.. , 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

New    Yni-k    and    St.    T.oiiis,    cerils   [ler    pound. 
L>nd(.iu,   puunds  sterling;'  per   louy;  ton. 

sri'i-'i'i:!: 


Month. 

New 

York. 

St.   L 

ouis. 

Lon 

lon. 

looii. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

aiareh 

April 

May 

5,141 
4.889 
4.757 
4.905 
6,124 
5.402 
5.402 
6.729 
6.796 
0.199 
0.381 
jO.249 

6.101 
5.569 
5,637 
5,439 
5.191 
5.128 
5.152 
5.279 
5,514 
5,628 
5,976 

4,991 
4,739 
4,607 
4,815 
4,974 
6.252 
5,252 
5,579 
6,640 
6.043 
0.231 
6.099 

5 .  951 
5,419 
6,487 
5.289 
5 ,  04 1 

4  97s 

5  (1112 
6,129 
6,304 
5. 478 
6.826 

21  425 
21. 562 
21   4:l8 

21  .5:11 
21.97.5 

22  11(10 

21  9i;'.l 
22.125 

22  9011 
2:i  2(111 
2:).  188 
23.094 

23  360 

23,188 
23  031 
22  409 
22  Kill 
2''   1194 

July 

22   40(1 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December. .. 

22  SOO 
2:1   165 

23  900 

24  083 

Year 

5.503 

5.352 

22.201 

New   York   and   St.    T.onis,   cents  per  pound. 
Lund"n.  pounds   sterlini;  per   Icm^    lon. 

rniOKS  OF  nc  luox  .at  iTi^i'sm-uc. 


Bessemer, 

Basic, 

No.  2 
Fotmdry. 

190il. 

1910.  !  1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

$17.18 

*19,90$16,40 

$17, 9« 

$16,20 

$17,94 

February .... 

16.73 

18,96 

16.09 

17,21 

15,90 

17,38 

March 

16.40 

18, 53 

15.84 

16,93 

15,62 

17,00 

April 

15.79 

18  28 

15.06 

16,84 

15,06 

16,75 

May 

15.77 

17,10 

15.02 

15,94 

15,08 

10,18 

June.. .  

16,13 

16,52 

15,84 

16,60 

15.63 

16. 53 

July 

16  40 

16,40 

15.90 

16,40 

15.96 

15,40 

August 

17,16 

16,09 

10,17 

14,89 

16.20 

15  16 

September  . . 

18,44 

15.92 

10,80 

14,73 

17.03 

14  93 

October 

19.75 

15.90 

17,84 

14,05 

18,02 

14 ,  .S8 

November.. . 

19.90 

16,84 

18,37 

14,20 

18.09 

14,78 

December... 

19,90 

18.16 

17.90 

Year 

$17.46 

$1C.4G 

$10.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Dec.  20; 

SALT  LAKE          Doc.  20 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  of  Com»p. 

Bid. 

t  m 

tU2i 

Bingham  Copper. 
Carisa 

t.l5 
12 

Cripple  Cr'kCon.. 

0.  K.&N 

tl7 

Colorado  Mining. 

.34 

Doctor  Jack  Pot.. 

,08{ 

Columbus   Con... 

.16 

Elkt.ui  c<ui 

.74 

Dalv  Judge 

t4  26 

El  Paso 

,87 

Grand  ('entral 

.80 

Fannie  Rawlins. . 

:,06 

Iron  Blossom 

.80 

Flnillay 

.06" 

Little  Bell 

JlOO 

G<dd  Dollar 

.12H 

Little  Chief 

'1  ..., 

Gold  Sovereign, ,. 

t<13( 

LowfM*  Mammoth. 

14 

Isabella 

.18 

SMason  Valley  .... 

9.75 

Jfuinlf^  Semplo  . .. 

.m 

,Ma|,    Mines 

T  63 

Li^xington 

J.  03 

May  Dav 

(•8f 

M<ion  Anchor 

1.02! 

Neva,da  Hills 

2.12* 

Old  Gold 

.04,5 
.49 

New  York 

t.is' 

65 

Mary  McKinney,, 

Prlm-e  Con 

Phai-maclst 

t.02 

Sliver  King  Coal'n 

1.67i 

1.00 
.90J 

SI.Mi.v  Con 

Uncle  Sara 

Vindicator 

.44i 

Work 

i  03' 

victoria  

tl,07J 

Name  of  Comp.      Clg, 


COMSTOCK  STOCKS 

Alta    

J. 05 
.35 
.10 
.31 
.11 
.17 
.45 
.79 
.35 
.15 
.U 
.74 
.41 

1.15 
.:)0 

t  :i(l 
.10 

Best  &  Belcher,,.. 

Caled(^nia 

Challenge  Con 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con.  Cal.  &  Va — 

Crown  Point 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Overman 

Savage 

Sierra  Nevada. 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket. 


Name  of  Comp,      Bid. 


Miso,  NET.  &  Cal. 

Belmont 

Jim    Butler 

MacNcainara 

Midway 

:Mont.-Tonopah... 

North  Star 

West  End  Con 

Atlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  Extension 

Oro 

Silver  Pick 

St.  1%-es 

Tramps  Con 

Argonaut 

Bunker  Hill 

Cent.  Eureka 

So.  Eureka 


.18 
.17 
:.ic< 

.04 
..53 
.12 
.07 
.16 
.17 
.24 
.05 
.06 
.15 
,02 
,00 


N.  Y.  EXCH. 


Dec.  20     BOSTON  EXCH.    Dec.  20 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated 

Am.  -\gri.  Cheiu  , 
Am.Sin.&Kef.,c<'m 
Am.Sm.  &  Ret.,  pf. 

Anaconda 

Batopilas  j\Iiu 

BethlehemSteel  pf 
Federal  M.&S.,pr, 
Goldfield  Con.  . . . 
Great  Nor. ,  ore  ctf. 

Ht^mestake 

NafnalLead.com. 
National  Lead.  pf. 

Nov.  Ciinsol 

Pittsburg  Coal.pt 
ReiuibliclAS.coni, 
Reiniblic  I  &  S,  pf , 
SlossSheffl'd,coni. 
Sloss  Sheffield,  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Utah  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com, . . 

U.  S.  Steel,  pf 

Va.  Car.  Chem 


Clg. 


64 '4 

46  ij 

74  >i 

{10314- 

t39>-4 

2,S 

.59 

}58 

58 
{85 

56% 
106  >j 

lS?i 
{6(1}, 

31 

93  >i 

{49;i 

{114 '4 

35 '„ 

451, 

73  U 
116  Ji 

62  ?i 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Name  of  Comp. 


Ariz.-Cananea 

Barnes  King 

Bonanza  Creek. . . 
Braden  Copper. . . 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition. . . 

Caledonia 

caluniet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines.. 

Chiuo 

Cobalt  Central 

Con.  ,\riz.  Sm 

Davis-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Elv  Con 

ElRayo 

Florence 

Glroux 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Gtiggen.  Exp 

Kerr  Lake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dar-Sa. 

Miami  Copper 

Mines  Co.  of  Am.. 
:\lont.  Shoshone. . 
Nev.  Utah  M.  &  S. 
Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Copper 

Pacific  Sm.  &  M.. 
Precious  Metals.. 

Ray  Central 

Ray  Con 

Red  Warrior 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah 

Tonopah  Ex 

Tri-Hullion 

Tularosa , 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


3% 

+  S 
+  1S 

t!i 
i 
7>i 

19,'» 
ih 
90 

21 M 
8>5 
Hi 

t>' 

33 
3)4 
1« 
6% 
7 
3A 

JlJl, 
195 
OK 

A    0 
*H1 

1.23 

V.>H 

!>r, 

{.14 

1 

10?i 
l>i 

1*4 

•A-l. 

18?^ 
1« 

617 
H 
8^ 
.99 


am 


LONDON 


Name  of  Com. 

Dolores. 
Stratton'slnd. 

Camp  Bird 

Esperanza 

Tomboy 

El  Oro 

Oroville 

Mexico  Mines 


Name  of  Comp. 


Adventure 

Algomah 

Allouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com .... 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin . 
Butte  «:  Balak... 
Calumet  &  .\riz.. 
Calumet  &  Hecla 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copper  Range... 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock •. . 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada 

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

Ojibway 

Old  Dominion... 

Osceola 

Parrot 

Qulucy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  &  Bost. . 
Sui>erior  &  Pitts.. 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S.  Mining,  pf.. 

Utah  Apex 

Utah  Con 

Victoria 

Winona 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


Clg. 


40 
26 

ti 
14  J, 
t(i 
{.50 
13 'i 

49  )J 
560 
17 

tn 

12« 
9>4 
39>4 
21 

fi 
12 
17 

3X 
36 

7 

I'A 
J3^ 
{46 

isa 

29M 

t» 
{36% 
130 

12 
t71 

UK 

43,'i 

52 

4»4 
353i 

47 


{21,' 
9)i 

{118 


BOSTON  CURB    Dec.  20 


Name  of  Comp. 


Ahmeek 

Bingham  Minos.. 

Boston  Ely 

Boswyocolo 

Cactus 

Calaveras 

Champion 

Cht^mung 

Chh'f  Cons 

Cons.  Ariz 

Corbin 

Crown  Reserve 

First  Nat.  Cop 

Inspiration 

Mackinaw 

MaJ.'stIc 

Nafl  Mine  &  Ex.. 
Nevada-Douglas,. 

Oneco 

Raven  Copper 

Rhode  Island  Coal 

San  .\ntonio 

Shattuck-Arlz 

South  Lake 

Superior  ,it  Globe. 

Trethewey 

Tuolumne  Copper 

Vulture 

Yuma 


Last. 

183 

T2« 

,89 

.07« 

.22 
262)4 

.(«K 
tOSJi 
1,50 

lA 

1  S7X 

2  75 

1  561^ 
8  93X 

,21 

.39 

.06 

i  00 

.49 

5,87X 

t« 
24  X 

25 
{10 
tl« 
t*^ 

.»»H 

{.20 


il.jist    qiiolntion. 


■i... 


iM'rri'i'iuTn'rMTmTmTmvi'ri'-i'i'i'ri'MiTTiTiTiTr'iTiTiTi-iTiTiTi 


>,^fJ.'ra^>.Tt'yX'm7n'IVrriTTiTrTnTriiTini 


^ffENGINEERING^g^i' 
MINING    JOURNAL 

^      PUBLISHED       ^W^EEKLY      ^ 


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be  written  to  the  New  York  Office  in 
every  instance  ■%.  Advertising  copy 
should  reach  New  York  Office  by 
Thursday  of  week  before  date  of  issue 
>%,  Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as 
mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


VOL.  90 


DECEMBER  31,  1910. 


NO.  27 


i:;87 
12.SS 

12K.S 

12.SS 

1280 


1200 


CIR  C  UL.i  TIOX    S  TA  THII  K.Y  T 
Duiiiuj     ]!)U!>     we    prinivd    and     circiilatcil 
5:i4,."iUO '  <o;)i(»    of    The     Kngixkekinu     and 

MiXINU     .IdlUXAL. 

Our    ciiculativH    for    Xovcmbcr,    1910,    was 
39.500    cniiiis. 

December  3 11.000 

Uminbcr  10 !l..-.0(i 

licet  iiibrr  17 O.r.dii 

Itcceiiiber  24 Si.r.iiii 

December  :n 0.r,(i() 

Xonc  tiettt  free  rei/iilarlj/.  no  hack  numbers. 
FifinrCH  arc   lire,  net  eireuUition. 


Contents 

Editoilals: 

A  Matter  of  rfofossinnal   Ktlucs 

Tanjiaiiylku    ("(pncessinns.    Ltd 

The   SmeltillK   Sitiinlinn    in    Mexico... 
Tile   .\niuial    Statistiial    .N'mnljur 

MetHllics — Ily    tlio    Way 

Corresponfleiice    ant]    l>iscussioii  : 

Proposed  Aiiieiulnient  for  Location 
of  Lode  Claims  ....  MonninenllUf; 
.Mining  Claims. ..  .Tlie  Mitcheil  Slic- 
ing System  at  Iiisl)ee.  Ariz 

Details    of    Traclical    Minini;: 

•Steel  Skip-I.oadinj;  Chute.... 
Aeration  of  Cyanide  Solutions.... 
Tests  on  Old  Timber.  ..  .Kleelrio 
LlKhtinj;  in  Mines.  ...  •Comliinaliou 
Steel  and  Wood  Mine  Timbers.... 
•Menlogist's "  I>rawin;r  IJoai-d  an<l 
T-Square  ....  CemenI  Fillinf;  of 
Water  I'.earing  Strata  l'rii>r  to 
Shaft  Siniiin;j:.  .  .  .  *Track  Cover  on 
Coal  nf>ck....*An  Anioiiiatic  Dump 
....Creosote  as  a  Timber  I'reser- 
vative    

•The   New   (ioldlields  of    I'orciipine.   On- 
tario  Iteijinulil  E.  Ilorc 

The    Ilolmnn    Drill    in    America 

New    I'ower   Developments  im    the   Uand 
to  OfTsi-t    Labor  Scarcity 

•A    New   Uadialion    Pyrometer 

Nigerian   Tin    Mlninc 

The  Law  as  lo  Promoters 

Nattiral  Cas  in   Texas 

Ccal    Discovered    in    Nevada 

•San    Antonio    Copper    District.    Sonora, 
Mexi<-o. .  Iios  .1  nifelcK  {'(trresttomli'nee 

Burning  Hcverberatory  Ash  at  llie  Slep- 
foe    Plant Lhnlsail    Duntnn 

•Shaffer  Silver  District.  Presidio  County. 
Texas ^VilUam    li.    I'liilUjix 

Social  Cfmdltlons  among   Iron  and  Steel 
lOmplovees    

•Opening  of  the  Chitlna  Copper  Belt  In 
Alaska Denis    Dnnohoe 

The      Vellowplne      Mining      District      of 
Nevada Ticirmnn    II.    (Ireiinrn 

•Deep    Mining    In    thc'    Cuanajnato    Dis- 
trict.  Mexico Fr<nilc  II.  Prolierl 

Oiinrlettc   Mlidng  Companv 

Concentration  of  Ontario  Magnetite.... 

Katnl    Accidents    in    the    Coal    Mines    of 
Nortli     .\merica. 

I'rcilrriel:    I..    Hoffman 

Coal   Mining  In   fieorcia   in    lOH!) 

Coal   Mining  in  California   in   lOiiO 

Statistics  of  Coal   Production  In    Illinois 

Coal    Mine   ICxplosIon   In   .Mberia 

Mine  KxplosloTi   In   West   Virginia 

I'atents    

,  Personal.    Obituary    and    Societies 

Kdltorlal     Correspondence 

Mining   News 

Markets    

'Illustrated. 


A  Matter  of  Professional  Ethics 


1202 
1200 

1298 

12ns 
12ns 
1200 
1200 
13011 
13011 


1301 

1302 

1303 

130.-. 

1  300 

1.30S 

13111 
1312 
1312 


1313 
131 1! 
1317 
1317 
1317 
1317 
131S 
1319 
1321) 
1322 
1328 


An  extraordinary  general  meeting  of 
the  stiareholders  of  the  Mexico  Mines 
of  El  Oro,  at  London,  a  few  days  ago, 
was  a  rather  dramatic  occasion  as  com- 
pany meetings  go.  It  would  perhaps  be 
merely  a  subject  for  a  news  report  were 
it  not  for  a  statement  made  in  the  course 
of  the  meeting  by  R.  T.  Bayliss,  the 
chairman  of  the  company,  which  fur- 
nishes an  admirable  text  as  to  a  matter 
of  professional   ethics. 

The  meeting  was  called  upon  the  requisi- 
tion of  the  French  and  certain  other  stock- 
holders of  the  company  to  act  upon  a 
resolution  ousting  Mr.  Bayliss  from  the 
chairmanship  and  Mr.  Shaw  from  the 
secretaryship.  It  developed  at  the  meet- 
ing that  the  French  interests  and  S.  Pear- 
son &  Son.  Ltd.,  of  London,  who  were 
acting  with  them,  are  now  in  control  of 
this  company.  Into  the  charges  brought 
against  Mr.  Bayliss  and  his  associates, 
we  shall  not  undertake  to  go  deeply. 
Briefly  they  related  to  the  listing  of  the 
company's  shares  in  Paris  and  to  alleged 
withholding  of  information  respecting  the 
mine  from  the  director  representing  the 
French  interests.  As  we  read  the  charges 
in  the  report  of  the  meeting  in  the  Lon- 
don papers  they  seem  to  us  to  be  quite 
flimsy.  Mr.  Bayliss'  reply  to  them  was 
dignified  and  adequate.  In  reading  be- 
tween the  lines,  however,  it  appears  that 
the  real  grievance  of  the  Frenchmen  and 
their  friends  is  that  last  fall  the  shares 
of  the  company  dropped  from  over  £9  to 
about  £6  and  now  they  lay  this  to  a 
speech  of  the  chairman  at  a  meeting, 
Sept.  20.     This  drew   from   Mr.   Bayliss 


the  following  remarks,  which  we  shall 
repeat  in  the  third  person  as  phrased  in 
the  London  newspaper  reports: 

"He  was  accused  of  having  gone  out 
of  his  way.  in  the  El  Oro  company's 
report,  to  injure  this  company  by  stating 
that  the  El  Oro  company  had  disposed 
of  its  shares  in  this  mine.  Why  should 
he  try  to  injure  this  company?  It  was 
the  best  little  mine  he  had  ever  had  to 
do  with,  and  it  brought  him  more  credit 
than  any  other  mine  in  the  management 
of     which     he     had     been     concerned. 

.  .  .  .  Mr.  Smith  had  said  that  he 
(the  chairman)  had  prevented  the  price 
of  the  shares  from  continually  going  up. 
He  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  price  of 
the   shares;   it   was  the   mine   which   he 

had  to  manage He  gave  his 

word  of  honor  that  he  had  never  had 
more  shares  in  the  company  than  his 
qualification,  and  that  never,  either  him- 
self or  through  anybody  else,  had  he  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  bought  or  sold  or  had 
any  transactions  in  the  shares  of  the 
company.  He  would  go  further.  When 
he  first  became  associated  with  mining 
companies  and  th^ir  management  in  the 
city  of  London — now  25  years  ago — he 
had  resolved  that  he  would  not  have  any 
dealings,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  the 
shares  of  any  company  with  the  manage- 
ment of  which  he  was  in  any  way  con- 
nected. Some  might  think  that  resolu- 
tion was  a  quixotic  one,  but  he  had  ad- 
hered to  it.  It  had  deprived  him  on 
many  occasions  of  considerable  sums  of 
money.  It  had  necessitated  not  a  little 
self  control;  but  he  had  his  reward  to- 
day in  being  able  to  get  up  and  make 
that  statement  in  reply  to  the  charge,  or 


1288 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


charges,  brought  against  him.  He  was 
accused  of  having  made  a  pessimistic 
speech  at  the  last  meeting.  He  abso- 
lutely denied  that.  He  had  made  a  plain, 
honest  and  truthful  statement  of  the  po- 
sition of  the  mine  and  the  shareholders 
were  entitled  to  it." 

The  position  taken  by  Mr.  Bayliss  with 
respect  to  dealing  in  the  shares  of  com- 
panies under  his  management  is  one 
that  must  command  strong  professional 
approval.  Engineer-managers  are  fain 
to  persuade  themselves  that  they  can  di- 
vest themselves  of  consideration  of  their 
own  self-interest  and  act  and  report 
without  bias,  but  it  is  rarely  that  they 
can,  and  this  is  said  without  any  reflec- 
tion upon  the  honesty  of  any  manager 
who  may  be  interested  in  the  property 
under  his  charge.  Often  the  acquisition 
of  an  interest  by  the  manager  is  en- 
couraged by  his  superiors,  thinking  to 
increase  his  efficiency  by  having  him  as 
a  partner.  In  many  cases  that  is  an  ex- 
cellent plan,  but  when  the  case  is  that 
of  a  company  in  the  stock  market,  the 
president,  directors,  manager  and  every- 
one else  must  recognize  that  being  hu- 
man they  cannot  escape  its  influence.  As 
a  well  known  engineer  remarked  to  us 
not  long  ago,  "I  used  to  put  my  money 
into  the  stock  of  my  company,  but  I 
have  sold  out  and  shall  have  nothing 
more  to  do  with  it.  I  held  the  stock 
purely  as  an  investment,  but  I  found 
that  I  could  not  write  my  regular  reports 
without  thinking  of  what  effect  they 
would  have  on  the  market."  We  do  not 
take  the  position  that  participation  in  the 
ownership  oT  a  company  under  manage- 
ment is  immoral,  or  even  unprofessional. 
We  say  merely  that  it  is  likely  to  bias 
judgment,  and  that  factor  must  be  recog- 
nized. Anyway  it  prevents  such  a 
straightforward  statement  as  that  of  Mr. 
Bayliss,  which  may  at  some  time  be 
helpful. 

To  return  to  the  recent  case  of  Mr. 
Bayliss,  he  said  finally  that  the  discus- 
sion had  gone  far  enough  and  for  his 
part  he  would  not  remain  on  the  board 
of  a  company  controlled  by  S.  Pearson  & 
Sons  and  the  Banque  Commerciale  et 
Industrielle  and  therefore  resigned,  in 
which  action  he  was  joined  by  Mr.  Shaw 
and  two  other  directors.  His  many  friends 
on  this  side  of  the  ocean,  who  esteem 
him  as  a  man  and  as  a  distinguished 
mining  engineer,  will  join  us  in  the 
opinion  that  in  this  matter  he  was  treated 


shamefully    and     will    indorse    the    cor- 
rectness of  his  position. 


Ta 


anganyika  Concessions 


,  Ltd. 


We  have  enjoyed  reading  the  report  of 
the  recent  annual  meeting  of  Tanganyika 
Concessions,  Ltd.,  which  owns  a  45  per 
cent,  interest  in  the  Union  Miniere  du 
Haut  Katanga,  which  owns  the  marvelous 
copper  deposits  of  that  country.  The 
company,  which  in  London  is  known  as 
"Tanks"  for  short,  also  has  extensive 
railway  interests.  We  have  learned  that 
shipment  of  the  reduction  plant  was  com- 
menced last  September  and  the  plant  will 
surely  be  in  full  swing  next  April,  produc- 
ing 1000  tons  of  copper  per  month,  while  a 
second  unit  is  now  being  started  on  the 
road.  It  would  appear  that  construction  can 
be  done  more  rapidly  in  the  interior  of 
Africa  than  in  the  United  States.  Even 
so,  the  erection  of  this  plant  has  been 
retarded  by  the  past  wet  season,  which 
has  been  the  worst  on  record  in  Katanga. 
Of  course,  it  is  well  known  that  the  ex- 
tension of  the  Rhodesian  railway  is  now 
at  the  Star  of  the  Congo  mine.  But 
revenons  a  nos  moutons.  The  thing  that 
interests  us  most,  just  at  the  moment,  is 
the  financial  arrangements  of  this  enter- 
prise comprising  wheels  within  wheels, 
guarantees  and  reguarantees,  debentures 
and  shares  of  various  kinds,  agreements 
with  managing  directors,  contractors, 
etc.,  so  that  a  presentation  of  the  subject 
by  the  chairman  looks,  as  reported,  like 
a  page  of  quaternions.  So  when  the  net 
returns  from  the  copper  production  begin 
tn  come  in,  which  we  hope  will  be  soon, 
we  wonder  who  will  know  to  whom  they 
belong. 


lious  of  these  in  most  cases  is  the  short- 
age of  silicious  ore  for  the  copper  plants; 
minor  factors  are  the  lack  of  iron  and 
sulphur,  and  the  increased  competition. 

Due  to  the  milling  and  cyaniding  of  the 
ores  at  Pachuca,  Guanajuato,  El  Oro, 
Oaxaca  and  other  camps  of  less  import- 
ance the  smelters  have  had  to  purchase 
a  large  excess  of  fluxing  ores,  which  they 
find  difficulty  in  smelting  because  of  the 
scarcity  of  silicious  ores.  The  silicious 
ore,  being  generally  rich  silver  and  gold, 
used  to  be  the  marginal  ore.  The  present 
shortage  naturally  causes  a  falling  off  in 
the  earnings  of  the  plants. 

The  purchasing  of  barren  flux  of  either 
lime  or  iron  is  of  course  expensive,  but 
this  difficulty  has  so  far  been  met  suc- 
cessfully by  most  of  the  smelters.  The 
necessary  sulphur  for  matting  has  also 
been  found  difficult  to  secure  and  has 
caused  some  of  the  companies  to  with- 
draw their  previous  sulphur  penalties, 
and  in  some  cases  even  mines  producing 
heavy  copper  sulphide  ores  have  been 
given  advantages  on  account  of  their  sul- 
phur content. 

The  increased  competition  is  of  course 
the  natural  evolution  in  a  country  so  rich 
in  all  kinds  of  smelting  ores,  and  a  still 
greater  business  will  no  doubt  result  as 
the  opening  of  new  railroads,  and  the 
subsequent  opening  of  new  mines,  con- 
tinues. Certainly  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  present  troublesome  situation  is  but 
temporary. 


The  Smelting  Situation   in  Mexico 


The  smelting  situation  in  Mexico,  es- 
pecially as  relates  to  the  larger  custom 
plants,  is  rather  serious,  being  in  many 
respects  analogous  to  the  position  of  the 
works  in  the  United  States.  Very  few 
of  the  smelteries  in  Mexico  are  being 
run  at  present  at  anywhere  near  their  ca- 
pacity, and  most  of  them  have  no  im- 
mediate outlook  for  a  betterment  of  their 
business.  While  it  is  customary  at  this 
time  to  ascribe  any  difficulties  in  the  min- 
ing or  smelting  industries  to  the  low 
prices  of  metals,  there  are  several  other 
factors  that  have  combined  to  alarm  the 
smelters  in  that  country.     The  most  se- 


The  Annual  Statistical  Number 


The  next  issue  of  the  Journal,  inaug- 
urating Vol.  91,  will  be  the  annual  statis- 
tical number,  reviewing  the  important 
events  of  the  mining  and  metallurgical 
industry  in  1910,  and  presenting  statis- 
tics of  the  production  of  the  metals  and 
the  more  important  mineral  substances  in 
the  United  States  in  1910.  In  some  cases 
these  statistical  presentations  will  extend 
to  some  of  the  foreign  countries,  espec- 
ially Canada  and  Mexico.  The  import- 
ance of  prompt  statistical  information  is 
now  thoroughly  appreciated,  and  with  the 
hearty  cooperation  of  producers,  who 
communicate  to  us  their  production  dur- 
ing the  first  1 1  months  of  the  year,  to- 
gether with  their  individual  estimates  for 
December,  it  is  possible  to  present  within 
a  few  days  after  the  close  of  the  year 
reports  from  which  finally  revised  fig- 
ures differ  but  little. 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1289 


Metallics 


By  the  Way 


Where  stamps  are  followed  by  tube 
mills  unless  suitable  trommels  are  in- 
stalled to  feed  undersize  direct  to  the 
tube  mills,  the  stamp  as  a  rule  wastes 
much  unnecessary  effort  on  already  pul- 
verized ore. 

The  product  of  the  specific  heat  by  th^; 
specific  gravity  is  a  constant  for  practic- 
ally all  metals,  ranging  from  5.8  for 
aluminum  to  6.7  for  sodium  and  manga- 
nese. This  product  is  known  as  Dulong 
and  Petit's  constant. 

It  is  possible  to  make  a  few  simple 
tests  on  minute  quantities  of  various  sub- 
stances by  placing  filter  papers  wet  with 
test  solutions  on  a  microscope  stage,  and 
then  placing  small  particles  of  the  mater- 
ial to  be  examined  on  them. 

Aluminum  melts  at  1215  deg.  F.,  but 
becomes  granular  and  easily  broken  at 
about  1000  deg.  F.  It  is  best  melted  in 
ordinary  plumbago  crucibles,  and  unless 
greatly  overheated,  will  not  absorb  either 
silicon  or  carbon  to  any  injurious  extent. 

If  oreshoots  give  off  branches  which 
continue  upward,  tapering  out  above,  the 
probability  is  that  the  lode  was  formed 
by  ascending  solutions.  If,  on  the  other 
hand,  successive  branch  shoots  point 
downward,  they  have  probably  been 
formed    by   descending   solutions. 

The  rare  element  xenon  dissolves  to  a 
greater  extent  in  water  (0.1109  per  cent.) 
than  does  any  other  gas  not  forming  a 
compound  with  the  solvent.  Autropoff 
gives  the  solubility  of  helium  at  0.0138 
per  cent.,  the  solubilities  of  these  rare 
gases  varying  directly  with  the  atomic 
weight. 

According  to  E.  Deiss,  many  metals 
and  alloys  difficultly  soluble  in  acids 
may  be  attacked  by  heating  with  sodium 
carbonate,  which  acts  as  an  oxidizing 
agent,  carbon  monoxide  being  evolved. 
The  addition  of  magnesium  oxide  makes 
it  a  better  attacking  agent  for  alloys  con- 
taining chromium. 

The  analysis  of  zinc  retort  residues 
or  other  such  carbonaceous  material  is 
greatly  facilitated  by  the  use  of  about 
10  c.c.  of  an  oxidizing  mixture  made  by 
putting  potassium  chlorate  crystals  in 
strong  nitric  acid  until  no  more  chlorate 
dissolves.  This  is  a  convenient  reagent 
to  have  on  hand,  and  if  kept  in  diffused 
sunlight  decomposes  only  with  extreme 
slowness. 

To  test  the  purity  of  calcium,  barium, 
or  strontium  sulphates,  Hofmann  and 
Mostowitsch  recommend  igniting  the 
dried  precipitates  in  a  current  of  carbon 
monoxide.  The  temperature  for  this  ig- 
nition is  910  to  920  deg.  C.  for  calcium, 
about  1200  deg.  C.  for  barium.  The  resi- 
due is  the  sulphide  of  the  metal.  The 
loss  on  ignition  is  oxygen,  which  loss  os 
checked  against  the  theoretical  content. 


The  mercury  mines  in  the  Zalatna 
valley,  Transylvania,  after  having  lain 
idle  for  about  20  years,  are  again  attract- 
ing the  attention  of  foreign  capitalists  and 
mining  men. 

At  the  inquest  on  Dec.  13  over  the 
bodies  of  the  31  victims  of  the  Bellevue 
colliery  disaster  in  British  Columbia,  it 
developed  that  a  previous  explosion  had 
occurred  in  the  mine  on  Thanksgiving 
day,  when  no  one  was  present.  Co..;- 
plaint  had  been  made  to  the  inspector  of 
mines  for  the  province  of  Alberta  that  the 
mine  was  unsafe,  and  he  had  been  asked 
to  investigate.  The  inspector  had  sent 
an  assistant,  Heathcoate,  who  had  made 
a  tour  of  the  mine,  and  then  posted  a 
written  notice  that  it  was  safe  and  free 
from  gas.  Two  days  later  the  explosion 
occurred. 

A  new  aluminum  alloy,  consisting  of 
80  to  90  per  cent,  aluminum,  5  to  10  per 
cent,  silver,  and  5  to  15  per  cent,  of  some 
metal  belonging  to  the  iron  group  like 
cobalt,  chrome,  nickel  or  manganese,  has 
been  invented  by  R.  Esnault-Telterie. 
This  alloy  is  said  to  be  unusually  hard 
and  tenacious.  It  can  with  great  advan- 
tage be  used  whenever  light  weight  com- 
bined with  great  strength  is  required. 
Owing  to  its  low  friction  coefficient,  it  is 
also  useful  rs  an  antifriction  material. 
We  do  not  vouch  for  these  statements, 
but  we  go  on  record  as  saying  that  a 
good  commercial  use  for  silver,  such  as 
might  elevate  its  price  to,  say,  75c.  per 
ounce  would  be  something  worth  while. 

A  late  decision  that  a  workman  can- 
not be  regarded,  as  a  matter  of  law,  to 
have  assumed  the  risk  of  injury  through 
getting  entangled  in  an  uncovered  cog- 
wheel. If  his  understanding  of  the  Eng- 
lish language  and  previous  experience 
with  cogwheels  was  limited,  reminds  one, 
says  a  contemporary,  of  the  intoxicated 
delegate  to  a  State  convention,  who  de- 
clined to  settle  the  dispute  between  two 
other  inebriated  wayfarers  as  to  whether 
the  body  visible  overhead  was  the  sun  or 
the  moon,  on  the  ground  that  he  was  a 
stranger  in  that  town.  Those  who  have 
not  seen  a  foreign  cogwheel  in  action  may 
wonder  wherein  it  is  more  obviously  dan- 
gerous than  the  domestic  type  and  how 
lingual  ignorance  affects  the  peril. 

The  average  wildcat  prospectus  which 
falls  into  the  hands  of  mining  engineers 
seems  so  preposterous  and  filled  with 
palpable  errors  that  they  are  at  a  loss 
to  understand  how  anyone  can  be  induced 
to  invest  in  such  highly  gilded  enterprises, 
usually  claiming  mountains  of  ore  of 
sufficiently  high  grade  to  make  anyone 
rich,  without  asking  assistance — except  in 
the  distribution  of  this  great  wealth. 
However,  to  schoolteachers,  clerks  and 
other  hard-working  people,  the  inconsist- 


encies are  not  apparent.  Even  among 
business  men  in  the  East,  it  is  often  the 
case  that  when  considering  mining  in- 
vestments they  prefer  the  gratutitous  as- 
surance of  a  friend,  who  knows  nothing 
about  mining,  to  spending  a  small  sum 
in  consulting  a  mining  engineer. 

The  knowledge  that  he  is  considered  a 
relative  of  the  second-story  man  adds 
much  to  the  joy  of  the  assayer's  life. 
The  following  is  the  copy  of  a  bona  fide 
letter  received  after  a  smeltery  assayer 
reported  that  a  sample  of  ore  submitted 
was  worth  about  SI. 50  per  ton:  "Dear 
Sir:  I  would  advise  you  to  guess  again, 
as  your  bluff  assay  has  a  busted  tire. 
Listen!  Children,  here  are  the  minimum 
and  maximum  values  selected  from  quite 
a  number  of  them,  made  by  one  of  the 
best  known  firms  of  assayers  in  America. 
The  sample,  I  think,  was  taken  from  vein. 
1,  minimum,  S881  per  ton,  maximum, 
S8278  per  ton.  I  have  often  roasted  it 
on  charcoal,  mixed  with  Carbonate  of 
Soda,  by  means  of  my  blowpipe,  and  al- 
ways obtained  an  abundance  of  globules. 
From  the  above,  it  is  plain  that  your  as- 
sayer has  lied,  probably  bribed  to  do  so 
by  a  Bunch  of  Pirates  who  will  get  left. 
The  suicidal  absurdity  of  the  report  is  its 
own  undoing.  Ta!  Ta!  John  L. — "  And 
Prejudice  congratulates  herself  that  she 
has  again  refused  to  permit  Science  to 
dictate  to  her. 

In  Wall  street,  says  the  Evening  Post, 
there  is  an  underworld,  a  kind  of  finan- 
cial demi-monde,  recruited  from  that 
class  of  men  who  waste  their  lives  trying 
to  get  something  for  nothing.  Its  exist- 
ence begins  on  the  fringe  of  respectabil- 
ity, where  the  men  of  both  worlds  may 
meet  on  terms  of  mutual  suspicion,  and 
recedes  gradually  to  a  state  or  condition 
of  extreme  immorality.  On  this  lower 
plane  larcenous  practices  are  thinly  dis- 
guised, and  the  police  ar°  feared.  "Busi- 
ness" of  this  baser  order  would  repre- 
sent total  depravity,  but  for  the  saving 
virtue  of  the  absence  of  any  pretence  to 
respectability.  It  is  possible  for  a  mem- 
ber of  the  respectable  world  to  descend 
through  the  several  levels  to  the  financial 
demi-monde,  but  there  are  few,  if  any, 
instances  of  a  member  of  the  lower  world 
having  risen  to  the  other.  You  may  ob- 
serve a  luminary  of  this  demi-monde  In 
the  cafes  and  restaurants,  and  you  place 
him  by  his  manners  with  money.  He 
spends  it  loudly  and  freely,  calls  the 
waiters  by  name,  and  is  deferred  to  by 
little  groups  of  errand  men,  curb  brok- 
ers and  dependents.  He  himself  Is 
transient.  His  "business"  may  collapse 
tn-morrow,  whereupon  he  suffers  an 
eclipse.  Or,  he  may  be  "raided."  The 
name  imder  which  he  conducts  his  opera- 
tions is  seldom  his  own.  It  has  been 
worn  out.  Firm  names  are  invented. 
They  wear  out,  too,  and  are  continually 
changing.  Everything  changes  but  the 
world  and  Its  members. 


1290 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


Proposed  Amendment  for  Location 
of   Lode  Claims 

Secretary  Ballinger,  in  a  report  just 
published,  recommends  "legislation  re- 
quiring notices  of  mining  locations  to  be 
recorded  in  the  office  of  the  register  and 
receiver  of  the  land  districts."  What- 
ever may  have  been  Secretary  Ballinger's 
shortcomings  in  connection  with  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  mineral-land  laws  in 
Alaska,  he  has  certainly  officially  recog- 
nized a  weakness  in  the  present  law  gov- 
erning the  recording  of  mining  locations 
which  should  be  remedied.  Dr.  R.  W. 
Raymond  long  ago  called  attention  to  the 
absurdity  of  title  to  land  passing  from 
one  pany  to  another  without  notice  being 
given  to  the  party  conveying  the  land,  as 
happens  under  the  present  law  when  a 
mining  claim  is  located.  The  notice  of  lo- 
cation is  recorded  at  the  office  of  the  re- 
corder of  the  mining  district,  an  uncer- 
tain and  evanescent  point,  or  with  the 
county  clerk  and  recorder.  No  notice  is 
given  to  any  official  of  the  United  States, 
from  which  title  is  obtained  by  the  act  of 
location. 

In  "A  Proposed  Amendment  of  the 
Mineral  Land  Laws,"  (Journal  of  April 
27,  1905,  p.  796),  I  suggested,  among 
other  changes,  that  section  2324  of  the 
revised  statutes,  which  deals  with  this 
subject,  be  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"All  mining  claims  located  after  

shall  be  recorded  at  the  United  States 
Land  Office  of  the  district  in  which  they 
lie  within  40  days  after  location,  if  lo- 
cated within  100  miles  of  said  office,  but 
for  every  additional  10  miles  one  addi- 
tional day  shall  be  allowed.    And 

said  records  shall  also  contain  such  a 
description  of  the  claim,  or  claims,  lo- 
cated by  reference  to  some  natural  ob- 
ject or  permanent  monument  as  will 
identify  the  claim,  a  statement  of  what 
claim  or  claims  it  adjoins,  and  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  boundaries  as  stated  in  the  lo- 
cation notice  posted  on  the  claim.  And 
where  the  lands  are  surveyed  by  the 
United  States,  said  description  shall  in- 
clude a  statement  of  the  section  or  sec- 
tions in  which  said  claim  lies,  and  said 
section  or  sections  shall  not  thereafter. 
unless  this  claim  be  abandoned,  be  dis- 
posed of  as  timberland,  or  agricultural 
land,  or  for  any  other  purpose,  without 
investigation  of  this  claim  and  notice  to 
the  locator  or  locators  thereof.  Upon 
each  mining  claim  located  upon  the  pub- 
lic lands  and  until  a  patent  has  been  is- 
sued therefor,  not  less  than  100  dollars 
worth  of  labor  shall  be  performed  or  im- 


provements made  during  each  year; 

the  cost  of  a  survey  of  a  mineral  claim, 
to  an  amount  not  exceeding  100  dollars, 
may  be  recorded  as  assessment  work  if 
such  survey  be  made  by  a  United  States 
deputy  mineral  surveyor  and  filed  with 
the  land  office  of  the  district.  An  affida- 
vit stating  that  such  work  has  been  done, 
and  that  all  monuments  are  in  proper 
condition,  shall  be  filed  with  the  land 
office  of  the  district  prior  to  the  expira- 
tion of  the  year,  and  failure  to  file  such 
affidavit  shall  be  deemed  a  notice  that  the 
claim  is  abandoned." 

The  above  suggestion,  with  others,  was 
submitted  in  1905  to  the  commission  on 
public  lands,  a  commission  composed  of 
inost  excellent  men.  Governor  Richards 
of  the  Land  Office,  Mr.  Newell,  of  the 
Reclamation  Service,  and  Mr.  Pinchot  of 
the  Forestry  Bureau.  Unfortunately  each 
member  of  the  commission  was  over- 
whelmed with  the  problems  of  his  own 
department,  and  the  investigations  of  the 
land  laws  was  carried  on  by  proxy.  The 
report,  as  stated  to  me  by  at  least  one 
member  of  the  commission,  was  that  so 
great  a  variety  of  opinions  had  been  en- 
countered among  mining  men  that  no  re- 
vision was  recommended.  At  that  time 
there  was  certainly  little  interest  in  the 
revision  of  the  mineral  land  laws.  No  less 
than  a  McKinley,  "w'ith  his  ear  to  the 
ground"  could  have  caught  the  opinion 
of  the  majority. 

Are  conditions  any  better  today?  Do 
mining  men  know  what  they  want?  A 
few  more  unfortunates  have  paid  money 
for  mining  claims,  only  to  find  that  Tom 
had  covered  the  same  ground  with  prior 
locationi;  or  Dick  had  a  timber  claim 
there,  properly  recorded  10  years  before; 
or  Harry  had  homesteaded  the  same  land. 
All  three  may  have  neglected  to  com- 
ply with  the  laws;  Tom's  stakes  were 
down  and  he  had  done  his  assessment  by 
digging  out  the  same  hole  for  10  years; 
Dick  had  little  to  do  at  best;  Harry  never 
had  a  real  fence  on  the  place  and  long 
since  deserted  it;  but  all  of  the  old  rights 
are  revived  when  there  is  money  in 
sight.  A  few  of  us  have  known  of  these 
things,  have  tried  tc  save  our  clients  from 
them,  both  by  hunting  evidence,  on  the 
ground,  of  previous  occupation,  and  by 
employing  the  best  lawyers  to  investigate 
titles,  lawyers  who  will  say  only :  "The 
title  is  as  good  as  that  of  any  unpat- 
ented mining  claim  can  be."  Others  have 
no  experience.  Have  they  any  objection 
to  the  proposed  change?  I  have  heard 
none  advanced.  If  there  are  any  let  us 
hear  them.     If  not,  let  us  urge  our  con- 


gressman to  act,  for  the  next  generation 
will   have  troubles  of  its   own. 

George  A.  Packard. 
Boston.  Mass.,  Dec.   10,   1910. 


Monumenting  Mexican  Claims 

The  following  item  recently  appeared 
in  the  Mexican  Herald:  "Many  Ameri- 
cans who  own  mining  concessions  in 
Mexico  stand  a  chance  of  losing  their 
properties  by  failure  to  comply  with  the 
new  law,  which  require  that  all  these 
mineral  lands  must  be  marked  with 
monuments  before  the  end  of  the  pres- 
ent year,  the  penalty  for  failure  to  do 
this  being  forfeiture  of  the  concession 
to  the  government."  Richard  E.  Chlsm, 
of  Mexico  City,  an  authority  on  Mexican 
mining  law,  is  reported  to  have  said  in 
reference  to  this  subject:  "I  can  assure 
you  that  the  item  is  entirely  erroneous. 
The  penalties  prescribed  for  failing  to 
set  up  monuments  upon  mining  properties 
do  not  in  any  case  include  forfeiture  of 
the  concession.  The  law  states  that  any 
person  failing  to  monument  his  claim 
shall  be  subject  to  an  administrative  fine 
of  from  100  to  500  pesos,  which  shall  be 
imposed  by  fomento  upon  due  proof  of 
the  offense. 

"If  the  offending  party  does  not  put 
up  this  monument  within  thirty  days 
after  the  imposition  of  the  fine  he  shall 
be  committed  to  the  ordinary  federal 
courts  for  infliction  of  the  penalty  pro- 
vided for  disobedience  to  the  lawful  order 
of  the  authorities  and  the  monuments 
shall  be  constructed  by  fomento  at  the 
expense  of  the  offender. 

"It  should  be  noted  that  this  law  only 
applies  to  those  mine  owners  who  failed 
to  set  monuments  upon  their  properties 
before  Jan.  1  of  1910.  If  properties  were 
duly  monumented  before  that  date  and  if 
the  monuments  still  exist  and  are  in  good 
order  there  is  nothing  further  to  be  done 
than  to  keep  them  up  by  timely  repairs, 
except  to  add  interpolate  monuments 
wherever  necessary,  so  as  to  comply  with 
the  provisions  of  the  new  regulations 
which  require  that  from  any  one  of  the 
monuments  it  shall  be  possible  to  see  the 
preceding  and  tlie  succeeding  monument. 

"The  regulations  also  proxide  that  by 
dimensions,  shape  or  color,  or  by  some 
other  characteristic  the  monuments  of 
any  property  shall  be  differentiated  from 
these  of  an  adjoining  or  neighboring 
property. 

"This  implies,  of  course,  that  where 
there  exists  a  mine  already  monumented, 
the    new    comer    who    lavs    out    another 


December   31,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1291 


claim  adjoining  the  first  one  or  within 
a  short  distance  thereof,  should  make 
his  inonuments  different  from  those  of 
the  older  mine,  in  order  to  comply  with 
the  requisities  of  the  law." 

Mr.  Chism's  statements  will  be  of  vital 
interest  and  I  sugest  that  you  give  them 
publicity. 

Mexica.n  Miner. 

Mexico,  D.  F.,  Dec.  15,  1910. 


The    Mitchell  Slicing  System 
at  Bisbee,   Arizona 

I  was  intensely  interested  in  the  paper 
written  by  M.  J.  Elsing  that  appeared  in 
the  Journal  of  July  23,  1910,  p.  174,  un- 
'der  the  above  title,  more  especially  as  for 
.many  years  I  was  connected  with  a  mine 
which  largely  used  the  square-set  method 
of  timbering  and  so  I  fully  appreciate  how 
desirable  it  is  to  introduce  modifications 
of  this  class  of  timbering  wherever  pos- 
sible. When  supporting  excavations  by 
square-set  timbering  the  cost  per  ton 
mined  for  timber  alone  is  always  a  big 
percentage  of  the  total  cost  of  mining. 
In  the  particular  mine  to  which  I  refer  all 
sets  were  made  of  9x9-in.  sawed  timbers, 
the  caps  being  6  ft.  long,  struts  .S  ft.  and 
legs  7  ft.  9  in.  The  tenons  were  all  cut 
in  the  sawmill  and  the  timbers  cut  to 
one  templet  so  that  the  mine  timbermen 
had  little  to  do  but  see  that  the  sets  were 
properly  erected. 

Timber   Cost   About   20   Per   Cent,   of 
THE  Underground  Expense 

The  quantity  of  timber  required  per  ton 
of  ore,  of  course,  varies  slightly  with  the 
area  of  the  stope  and  its  hight  but  on  an 
average  it  will  be  found  that  stone  aver- 
aging 1 1  to  12  cu.ft.  to  the  ton  of  2240  lb., 
requires  for  the  set  timbers  alone  about 
eight  board  feet  per  ton  mined.  To  this 
must  be  added  the  flooring  for  the  sets, 
the  slabbing  used  in  filling  up  sections 
and  the  material  required  for  chutes  and 
for  occasionally  double-banking  and  stay- 
ing sets.  Considering,  these  items,  it 
can  be  safely  taken  that  1 1  board  ft.  of 
timber  will  be  required  per  ton  mined, 
which  with  timber  at  16s.  per  100  equals 
Is.  9d.  per  ton  of  ore  mined  for  timber 
delivered  at  the  mouth  of  the  shaft.  To 
this  first  cost  for  timber  must  be  added 
the  expense  of  handling  the  timber  to  the 
slopes  and  the  cost  of  the  labor  for  erect- 
ing. Taking  everything  into  consideration 
it  can  safely  be  taken  that  the  cost  of 
timbering  equals  2s.  6d.  per  ton  of  ore 
n.ined  or  about  20  per  cent,  of  the  total 
underground  charges. 

The  square-set  system  has,  however, 
much  in  its  favor;  it  is  safe,  if  properly 
worked,  stopes  being  filled  so  the  men  can 
generally  work  under  caves ;  it  is  very  flex- 
ible and  can  easily  be  expanded  or  con- 
tracted to  adapt  it  to  the  confines  of  the 
profitable  ore.  But  high  expense  of 
square-set   timbering    is   undeniable    and 


therefore  any  modifications  which  can  re- 
tain the  advantages  and  at  the  same  time 
reduce  the  cost  must  be  of  great  interest 
to  mining  men. 

Saving  Effected  by  Mitchell  System 
NOT  Apparent 

In  following  Mr.  Elsing's  description  of 
the  modifications  adopted  at  the  Calumet 
&  Arizona  mine  the  saving  effected  is  not 
as  large  per  ton  of  ore  mined  as  at  first 
appears.  In  the  first  place  on  looking  at 
his  plans  it  will  be  seen  that  32  per  cent, 
of  ore  has  still  to  be  mined  by  the  ordi- 
nary square-set  method  leaving  only  68 
per  cent,  to  be  benefited  by  any  saving  in- 
troduced by  the  new  method.  A  big  sav- 
ing in  timbers  is  certainly  effected  in  the 
new  method  but  I  should  think  that,  in 
those  stopes  where  75  per  cent,  of  tim- 
bers used  can  be  recovered  during  filling, 
the  side  pressure  must  be  so  slight  that 
50  per  cent,  of  the  timber  could  be  safely 
left  out  in  the  first  place.  Also,  regard- 
ing the  recovery  of  this  timber,  it  must 
be  remembered  that  unless  the  rock  is 
quite  soft  a  certain  amount  of  damage  is 
generally  done  to  timber  in  shooting;  also 
tenons  are  liable  to  damage  during  con- 
traction especially  when  there  is  sufficient 
side  pressure  to  drive  home  the  joints: 
When  the  tenons  are  broken  the  timbers 
become  too  short  to  use  again  as  string- 
ers and  must  be  cut  up  into  shorter  posts 
and  caps  with  a  resulting  waste  which 
can  only  be  utilized  for  blocking  and 
wedges.  The  cost  of  recovering  the  tim- 
ber and  handling  it  out  of  the  stopes  has 
also  to  be  written  off  against  the  value  of 
the  recovered  timber  so  that  the  saving 
cannot  be  taken  as  equal  to  the  cost  of 
the  same  quantity  of  new  timber  deliver- 
ed at  the  shaft. 

Extent  of  Powder  and  Timber  Saving 

It  is,  in  fact,  rather  hard  to  see  where 
some  of  the  saving  claimed  for  the 
Mitchell  slicing  system  comes  in.  Why 
should  the  amount  of  powder  be  reduced 
to  one-half?  It  looks  as  if,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  cost  of  powder  should  be  if 
anything  more  than  with  the  ordinary 
method.  In  square-set  mining,  after  the 
sill  floor  has  been  mined  and  the  first 
set  in  a  new  floor  taken  out.  there  is  never 
more  than  four  faces  exposed,  and  of- 
ten only  three,  and  also  the  breaking  of 
the  ground  is  assisted  by  gravity.  With 
the  new  system  of  mining  there  will  still 
be  the  same  number  of  faces  but  break- 
ing will  not  be  assisted  much  by  gravity 
so  it  seems  hard  to  see  why  there  should 
be  a  saving  of  50  per  cent,  in  powder  used. 

The  claim  that  the  cost  of  timber  and 
timbering  is  reduced  by  half  also  requires 
some  explanation.  From  Mr.  Elsing's 
plan  it  can  be  seen  that  the  actual  tim- 
ber used  is  reduced  by  half  but  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  that  there  is  little  saving 
in  the  cost  of  erection.  The  handling  of 
the    15-ft.   stringers   in    the    levels    and 


stopes  must  be  more  cumbersome  and  ex- 
pensive than  the  handling  of  three  5-ft. 
caps  or  struts. 

More  Detailed  Information  Desirable 

No  mention  is  made  of  how  the  filling 
and  timber  are  brought  into  the  stopes. 
Apparently  this  system  calls  for  at  least 
one  raise  connecting  with  an  upper  level 
for  each  section  or  block  of  ground  to  be 
mined.  All  the  square  sets  are  used  for 
ore  passes  and  it  is,  therefore,  impossible 
to  get  timber  into  the  stopes  through  them 
without  interfering  with  the  regular  min- 
ing. When  the  timber  is  being  recovered, 
during  the  filling  of  the  stope,  it  will  be 
possible  to  remove  the  recovered  timber 
through  the  square  sets  as  they  will  then 
be  empty  of  ore  and,  for  the  time  being, 
have  served  their  purpose  as  chutes. 

The  saving  in  labor  in  mining  the  up- 
per portions  of  the  pillars  can  be  under- 
stood, as  with  all  the  square  sets  being 
used  as  passes  the  method  approximates 
that  of  an  underground  "mill"  or  "glory" 
hole.  I  should  also  think  that  the  rigging 
of  machines  between  the  15-ft.  stringers 
would  be  unsatisfactory  as  these  are  ap- 
parently not  blocked  in  any  way  and  there 
surely  must  be  a  certain  amount  of  spring 
which  would  result  in  the  holes  getting 
out  of  line  with  the  machines,  thus  caus- 
ing annoying  fitchering. 

It  is  stated  that  in  square-set  mining  it 
is  often  difficult  to  place  the  chutes  close 
enough  to  be  within  shoveling  distance  of 
the  working  faces.  This  hardly  seems 
sound  as  one  of  the  advantages  of  square- 
set  timbering  in  the  ease  with  which  a  se- 
ries of  sets  can  be  boarded  up  to  form  a 
chute.  If  roads  are  maintained  through 
the  stopes  at  20-ft.  centers,  as  in  this 
method,  it  should  be  easy  enough  to  place 
chutes  so  that  they  are  always  within 
shoveling  distance  of  the  faces.  The  ad- 
vantage to  be  gained  by  the  method  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Elsing  lies  more  in  the 
fact  that  the  slabbing  up  of  the  sets  to 
form  chutes  is  unnecessary  as  the  ore 
will  act  as  sides  to  the  passes  when  the 
first  block  is  being  mined,  and  the  filling 
and  ore  when  the  remaining  block  on  the 
other  side  of  the  drive  is  being  mined.. 

The  falling  ore  will  knock  the  timber 
about  a  good  deal,  but  as  it  is  not  proposed 
to  withdraw  and  reuse  this  timber  it  should 
easily  last  out  the  necessary  time.  The 
system  described  is  certainly  suggestive, 
but  it  would  be  interesting  to  know  a 
little  more  about  some  of  the  important 
details.  In  any  article  describing  under- 
ground methods  there  can  never  be  too 
much  detail  as  it  is  the  carrying  out  of 
the  minor  details  of  a  method  that  al- 
ways causes  the  greatest  trouble  to  the 
man  in  charge  of  the  work  and  frequently 
the  entire  success  or  failure  of  a  method 
depends  upon  the  care  with  which  the  de- 
tails of  operation  are  executed. 

J.  Bowie  Wilson. 

Sydney,  N.  S.  W.,  Oct.   10,   1910. 


1292 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


DETAILS  of  PRACTICAL  MINING 

Notes  of  Interest  to  Prospectors  and  Operators  of  Small  as  Well  a.v 
Large  Mines.     Things  That  Have  to  Be  Done  in  Everyday  Mining 


Steel  Skip  Loading  Chute 


At  Kalgoorlie,  West  Australia,  in  the 
mine  of  the  Ivanhoe  Gold  Corporation 
Ltd.,  steel  skip-loading  chutes  similar 
to  those  seen  in  the  mines  at  Butte,  Mont., 
are  in  use.  The  accompanying  detailed 
drawings,  taken  from  the  Report  of  the 
Department  of  Mines  of  West  Australia, 
for  1909,  illustrates  the  chute  used  at 
the  1669-ft.  level  in  the  Ivanhoe  mine. 
The  arrangement  at  the  Leonard  mine  in 
Butte  was  described  in  the  Journal  of 


tom  of  the  chute  and  forms,  when  low- 
ered, an  extension  into  the  shaft  and  to 
the  skip.  This  lip,  when  not  in  use,  is 
turned  up  into  the  position  shown  by  the 
dotted  lines  in  the  drawing  and  acts  as 
the  gate  to  the  chute.  It  is  held  in  this 
position  so  as  not  to  interfere  with 
hoisting  by  the  locking  bar  B,  which  is 
slipped  through  the  holes  on  either  side 
of  the  lip.  The  holes  C  and  D  shown  in 
the  plan  are  for  fastening  liner  plates 
to  the  bottom  of  the  chute.  At  E  holes 
are  punched  in  the  liner  plates  to  allow 


Aeration  of  Cyanide  Solutions 

It  is  a  recognized  fact  that  the  dis- 
solving of  gold  or  silver  in  cyanide  can 
only  be  effected  in  the  presence  of  excess 
oxygen.  It  is,  therefore,  of  prime  im- 
portance to  provide  this  oxygen  while  the 
solution  is  being  effected.  When  a  so- 
lution becomes  spent,  i.e.,  excess  oxygen 
has  been  used  up  and  excess  of  hydrogen 
results,  the  solution  becomes  positively 
charged,  whereas  it  should  be  negative 
in  order  that  the  metal  to  be  dissolved, 
which  has  a  positive  charge,  shall  go  into 
solution.  It  is  the  function  of  aeration 
to  correct  this  condition.  It  also  serves 
to  break  up  and  eliminate  objectionable 
cyanicides,  ferrocyanides,  arsenious  acids, 
etc. 

In  the  Nova  Scotia  mill  at  Cobalt,  Ont., 
especial  attention  is  paid  to  aeration  of 
the  cyanide  solution,  and  this  is  par- 
ticularly   necessary    on    account    of   the 


Steel  Chute  for  Loading  Skips  Used  in  Ivanhoe  Mine,  Kalgoorlie,  W.  Aust. 


Sept.  3,  page  445.  As  shown  in  the  il- 
lustration the  chute  occupies  an  additional 
compartment  beside  the  shaft,  and  the 
bottom  of  the  chute  forms  a  continuation 
from  the  skip  pocket  to  the  shaft.  The 
bottom  of  the  ore  pocket  is  floored  with 
2-in.  planking.  This  is  continued  in 
the  chute  with  a  steel  bottom  of  .^-tn. 
sheet.  The  sides  of  the  chute  are  made 
of  ^-in.  plate,  2x2x)',s-in.  angle  irons 
being  riveted  to  the  sides  and  bottom  with 
5^-in.  rivets  pitched  at  3-in.  spacings. 

The  chute  proper  extends  from  the 
timbering  of  the  ore  pocket  through  the 
extra  compartment  to  the  main  timbering 
of  the  shaft.    A  lip  is  hinged  to  the  bot- 


bolts  to  be  drawn  out  of  the  hinges  on 
the  lip. 


The  City  of  New  York  is  about  to 
begin  another  extensive  mining  operation. 
This  will  be  a  tunnel  to  convey  water 
from  the  new  Hillside  reservoir  at  Yon- 
kers  to  Brooklyn.  The  tunnel  will  be 
driven  through  the  solid  rock  underlying 
Manhattan  island  and  the  East  river. 
The  first  section  will  be  21,260  ft.  in 
length  and  15  ft.  in  diameter.  In  subse- 
quent sections  the  diameter  will  be  grad- 
ually reduced  to  1 1  ft.  The  tunnel  will 
be  lined  with  cement. 


2JuJ  E»si>tcc>i»(i  $  -Vinin;/  Jotir'ial 


Fig.  1.  Spray  for  Aerating  Solution  in 
Clarifying  Tank 

use  of  the  Trent  agitator,  in  which  the 
pulp  is  kept  in  circulation  by  pumping 
solution  drawn  from  the  top  of  the  tank 
through  the  radiating  arms  of  a  dis- 
tributer set  at  the  bottom  of  the  tank. 
The  arms  of  the  agitator  are  bent,  as  in 
a  rotary  lawn  sprinkler,  so  that  the  re- 
action of  the  water  being  forced  through 
them  causes  rotation.  Where  Pachuca 
agitating  tanks  are  used,  the  air  for  agi- 
tation furnishes  the  necessary  oxygen. 

Device    on    Clarifying    Tank 

In  Fig.  1  is  shown  the  arrangement 
used  in  the  Nova  Scotia  mill  to  aerate  the 
solution  from  the  Moore  filters  as  it 
passes  to  a  clarifying  tank.  The  end  of 
the  discharge  pipe  is  turned  up  and  ter- 
minated in  a  nozzle  having  small  per- 
forations. The  solution  is  sprayed 
through  this  and  falls  into  a  box  having 
holes  bored  through  its  bottom,  which 
floats  on  the  surface  of  the  solution  in  the 
tank.     This  arrangement  not  only  serves 


December  31,  1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1293 


to  aerate  the  solution,  but  aids  materially 
in  clearing,  no  filter  press  being  used  to 
clear  solutions  further  before  zinc  dust 
for  precipitation  is  added. 

Arrangement  of  Spreading  Surfaces 

The  silver  solution  from  the  clarifying 
tank  is  joined  by  the  overflow  from  three 
Dorr  settlers  and  aerated  by  being  run 
over  the  arrangement  shown  in  Fig.  2, 
below  which  in  the  tank  is  liberated  fresh 
£ir  delivered  from  cowls  set  on  the  roof 
of  the  mill  building.  The  solution  is  run 
on  a  convex-shaped  surface  covered  with 
strips  so  as  to  spread  it.  From  this  it 
drains  on  a  concave  surface  placed  be- 
low, but  with  its  edge  extending  beyond 
that  of  the  upper  one.  The  solution 
drains  to  the  center  of  this  surface,  where 
it  is  discharged  to  another  convex  sur- 
face, and  so  on  until  it  has  passed  over 
about  six.  The  lower  one  is  perforated 
so  that  the  solution  trickles  to  the  tank 
below.  A  sheet  of  canvas  extending 
from  the  top  of  the  tank  to  above  the 
aerating  arrangement  is  stretched  about 
the   latter  so   as  to   confine   the   air  de- 


Tltt  Entpneenna  ^  .Vinuii;  Journal 

Fic.  2.   Aerating  Arrangement  Used  in 
O'Brien  Mill  Cobalt 

livered  from  the  cowls  and  force  it  to 
pass  up  between  the  spreading  surfaces, 
thus  affording  ample  opportunity  for  the 
absorption  of  oxygen. 

A  final  aeration  is  givn  the  solution 
at  the  battery-storage  tank.  The  arrange- 
ment here  is  the  same  as  that  above  de- 
scribed. A  3-in.  pump  is,  however,  used 
to  draw  solution  from  the  bottom  of  the 
tank  and  elevate  it  above  the  aerating  de- 
vice, where  it  is  discharged.  The  use  of 
the  pump  provides  a  continual  circulation 
of  solution.  At  the  Nova  Scotia  mill  it  is 
figured  that  the  consumption  of  cyanide 
is  greatly  lowered  by  the  use  of  these 
aerating  devices  and  the  extraction  is 
doubtless  improved  in  like  measure. 


I 


Tests  on  Old  Timber 

It  is  the  prevalent  impression  that  the 
fiber  of  timber  becomes  dead  after  sev- 
eral years'  use,  and  that  old  pieces  should 
be  replaced  regardless  of  their  apparent 
soundness.  In  the  Engineering  News, 
C.    P.    Buchanan,    of   the    Pennsylvania 


Lines  West  of  Pittsburg,  details  some 
experiments  on  bridge  timbers  which  had 
been  in  service  for  25  years.  The  re- 
results  of  his  tests  showed  that  the  tim- 
ber was  then  stronger  than  specially  se- 
lected pieces  about  a  year  old  which  he 
and  his  master  carpenter  both  passed 
upon  as  first-class  stock.  Consequently 
it  is  Mr.  Buchanan's  view  that  if  sound- 
ing, boring,  and  cutting  fail  to  show  any 
change  in  the  cellular  structure  of  tim- 
ber that  the  timber  is  sound,  and  that 
in  general,  up  to  the  time  such  evident 
cellular  changes  set  in,  the  strength 
of  the  wood  increases. 


Combination  Steel  and  Wood 
Mine  Timbers 


Electric  Lighting  in  Mines 

This  branch  of  electrical  work  does  not 
make  the  headway  it  ought  in  the  Rand 
mines  according  to  R.  G.  Mackie  (Joiirn. 
Transvaal  Inst.  Mech.  Engrs.,  Oct.,  1910). 
There  is  no  comparison  between  an  un- 
derground station  well  illuminated  by 
electricity  and  a  station  surrounded  by 
candles,  or  even  a  few  acetylene  lamps. 
Both  the  latter  forms  generate  noxious 
gases  tending  to  produce  conditions  in  a 
mine  which  officials  are  constantly  on  the 
alert  to  prevent.  A  light  station  greatly 
facilitates  and  renders  more  safe  the 
loading  and  unloading  of  cages  during 
the  raising  and  lowering  of  the  shifts. 
Moving  the  labor  shifts  up  and  down  the 
shafts  is,  on  account  of  the  time  required, 
becoming  a  serious  matter  in  the  deeper 
mines,  and  all  possible  facilities  should 
be  offered  to  enable  this  work  to  be  car- 
ried out  as  expeditiously  as  possible. 
Good  light  insures  greater  safety  to 
persons  moving  about  on  underground 
stations,  and  the  tramming  boys  feel  the 
benefit  when  they  arrive  with  their  loads. 

Consider  also  the  benefit  derived  from 
having  a  good  light  at  the  loading  bins: 
The  skips  can  be  well  and  quickly  filled, 
but  not  overfilled,  and  this  means  time 
saved  per  ton  of  rock  hoisted,  while  there 
is  less  risk  of  accidents  due  to  lumps 
of  rock  falling  from  overfilled  skips.  In 
one  particular  case  where  a  rock  fell 
from  a  full  skip,  il  rebounded  from  the 
timbers,  and  finally  smashed  a  pulley  at  a 
bend  in  the  shaft.  This  was  unnoticed 
at  the  time  but  when  the  skip  passed 
again  the  rope  caught  between  the  pul- 
leys with  the  result  that  it  was  positively 
ruined,  meaning  a  loss  of  over  £200  for 
rope  and  five  hours  stoppage  of  hoisting. 
Th'i  is  but  one  instance  of  where  a  good 
light  at  the  loading  station  might  have 
saved  all  damage,  expense  and  delay. 


Surveys  for  a  project  involving  the 
draining  of  70,000  acres  of  bottom  land  in 
Obion  county,  Tennessee,  have  been  com- 
pleted by  the  Tennessee  Geological  Sur- 
vey. The  work  will  cost  less  than  a  mil- 
lion dollars  and  the  land  will  be  worth 
fully  five  times  that  amount  when  re- 
claimed. 


In  some  States  the  mine  inspectors  ob- 
ject to  supporting  timbers  directly  on 
solid  coal,  and  great  care  should  be  ex- 
ercised not  to  permit  any  excessive  loads 
to  come  thereon.  This  has  been  pre- 
vented in  some  instances  by  the  use  of 
sprags  or  short  timber  props  to  carry 
the  load  to  a  secure  footing.  R.  B. 
^X''oodworth,  in  the  Trans,  of  the  Lake 
Superior  Mining  Institute,  August,  1910, 
states  that  an  excellent  way  is  to  com- 
bine the  use  of  steel  with  wood  by  using 
steel  for  the  collar  or  cap  on  the  gang- 
way and  wood  for  the  legs.  The  steel 
is  relatively  better  adapted  to  resist  bend- 
ing stresses  under  transverse  loads,  while 
the  compressive  strength  of  wood  is 
much  greater  than  its  resistance  to 
bending.      This    has    been    done    in    the 


15  I  Beam 


12  to  14  In. 
Wooden  heg 


-48- 


The  Enfflneei-ina  ^  Mining  Joumat 


Details  of  Combination  Mine  Timber 

Adrian  mine  of  the  Rochester  &  Pittsburg 
Coal  and  Iron  Company  at  Punxsutaw- 
ney,  Penn.,  where  4-in.  H-sections  have 
been  used  to  replace  wooden  collars  8  in. 
square.  These  H-sections  are  spaced  4 
to  5  ft.,  center  to  center,  and  are  sup- 
ported at  their  end  on  round  timber 
posts,  making  a  solid  and  substantial 
construction.  The  additional  four  inches 
of  head  room  gained  by  their  use  was 
also  a  factor  in  their  favor.  In  the 
instance  above  mentioned  the  steel  mine 
collars  rest  directly  on  the  top  of  wooden 
posts. 

A  more  satisfactory  form  of  construc- 
tion is  shown  in  the  accompanying  illus- 
tration which  represents  combination 
timber  sets  used  by  the  Aldcn  Coal 
Company  at  Nanticoke,  Penn.,  where  a  15- 
in.  I-beam  is  placed  squarely  across 
an  18-ft.  gangway  and  is  fitted  into  a 
wooden  leg  at  the  end.  An  item  of  im- 
portance in  this  connection  is  so  to  pro- 
portion the  size  of  the   wooden  post  to 


129t 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


the  steel  collar  as  to  prevent  crushing  of 
the  wood  immediately  under  the  steel, 
the  crushing  value  of  the  wood  being 
low.  The  only  objection  to  the  use  of 
I-beams  is  the  possibility  of  splitting  the 
top  of  the  post. 


Geologist's  Drawing  Board  and 
T-Square 


By  S.   H.   Hamilton* 


One  of  the  difficulties  confronting  the 
itinerant  mining  geologist  is  the  trans- 
portation of  his  outfit,  and  probably  the 
most  difficult  is  the  drawing  board  and 
T-square.  I  have  used,  for  some  time, 
pieces  of  "compo  board"  18x32  in., 
which  fit  under  the  tray  of  my  steamer 
trunk.  "Compo  board"  is  a  standard 
trade  article  (especially  in  cities),  being 
used  in  place  of  lath  and  plaster  for  par- 


My  T-square  is  also  made  up  of 
"standard  stock."  Starrett's  bevel  pro- 
tractor forms  the  head.  The  protractor 
feature  is  a  great  advantage.  The  blade 
is  made  up  of  four  standard  blades  for 
this  head.  About  an  inch  is  half-cut 
away  from  each  end  and  the  sections  at- 
tached with  small  screws  which  fit  flush. 
The  fitting  of  these  blades  is  not  an  easy 
task  and  should  be  confided  to  some  good 
mechanic.  When  "knocked  down"  this 
protractor-T-square  occupies  a  space  of 
less  than  1x3x12  in.  in  my  instrument 
case.  When  set  up  it  makes  an  instru- 
ment with  a  3Jj-ft.  blade. 


Tl/<:  Enqineerinfj  J^Vifiinif  Journal 


Geologist's  Drawing  Board 

titions  and  ceilings.  It  is  made  of  strips 
of  soft  wood  about  '4  in.  thick,  I  in.  wide 
and  48  in.  long,  glued  together  and  cov- 
ered with  heavy  paper. 

A  piece  of  compo  board  4x5  ft.  costs 
about  one  dollar.  From  this  piece  the 
desired  size  is  cut  square,  and  the  cross- 
grain  edge  bound  with  .>$-in.  brass  "angle 
iron,"  which  is  about  3/32  in.  thick.  The 
brass,  therefore,  projects  somewhat  above 
the  thickness  of  the  board  and  must  be 
filed  down.  The  board  is  well  soaked  in 
shellac  on  the  edges  to  keep  out  mois-' 
ture,  and  the  brass  edge  screwed  in  place 
after  applying  thick  shellac  liberally.  This 
makes  a  true  edge  for  the  T-square.  The 
soft  wood  takes  and  holds  thumb  tacks 
fairly  well,  and  the  paper  surface  is 
smooth  enough  to  use  tracing  vellum 
directly  thereon.  After  two  years'  hard 
usage  in  the  West  Indies,  mountains  of 
North  Carolina,  Canada  and  in  the  Ad- 
irondacks  of  New  York,  my  boards  are 
as  good  as  ever,  save  the  increasing 
number  of  thumb-tack  holes. 


Cement  Filling  of    Water    Bearing 
Strata  Prior  to  Shaft  Sinking 


•Geologist.   29   Broadway,   New   York. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Societe  de  I'ln- 
dustrie  Mincrale  at  Nancy,  M.  Hanra, 
manager  of  the  Saint-Pierremont  mines, 
recounted  his  experiences  in  the  use  of 
cement  for  filling  the  crevices  of  water- 
bearing strata  preparatory  to  sinking  a 
shaft  through  them.  The  shaft  in  ques- 
tion was  required  to  go  to  a  depth  of  190 
m.,  and  to  pass  through  two  watery  zones 
at  depths  of  115  m.  and  163  m.  respec- 
tively. The  prevailing  strata  were  marls, 
shales  and  limestones,  full  of  fissures 
which  were,  in  the  main,  quite  free  from 
clay  or  other  detritus,  a  condition  which 
greatly  favored  the  injection  of  cement 
grouting. 

A  preliminary  pit  5  m.  in  diameter  was 
first  dug  to  a  depth  of  9  m.  Eight  drill 
holes  were  then  started,  spaced  1.90  m. 
center  to  center,  around  the  circumfer- 
ence of  the  proposed  shaft.  The  tops  of 
the  holes  were  lined  with  pipe  embedded 
in  1.5  meters  of  well  rammed  concrete. 
The  drilling  then  went  on  in  two  holes 
at  a  time,  using  the  Vogt  method  of  rope 
suspension  with  injection  of  wash  water. 
By  observing  the  rate  at  which  the  wash 
water  was  absorbed  through  the  walls 
of  the  holes,  it  was  possible  to  ascertain 
quite  accurately  the  position  of  the  zones 
of  principal  fissuring,  at  which  the  strong- 
est inflows  of  water  would  later  be  en- 
countered. 

The  quantity  of  wash  water  aver- 
aged 15  cu.m.  per  hour.  The  drill 
holes  were  begun  on  Jan.  1,  and  were 
sunk  to  a  depth  of  200  m.  by  April  1. 
The  sludge  from  the  drills  was  brought 
up  by  forcing  air  through  pipes  to  the 
bottom  of  the  holes;  the  water  Issuing 
from  the  holes  came  from  the  fissures, 
and  brought  with  it  any  lumps  of  clay 
that  might  have  interfered  with  the  sub- 
sequent injection  of  cement. 

The  Saclier  apparatus,  previously 
tested  at  another  shaft,  was  employed 
for  making  the  cement  injections.  A 
finely  ground  Portland  cement  was  used, 
and  was  injected  at  the  rate  of  5000  kg. 
per  hour  as  a  grouting,  the  thickness  of 
which   was   gradually    increased    as   the 


resistance  of  the  fissures  became  greater. 
The  cementing  operation  lasted  three 
days  and  consumed  altogether  95  tons 
of  cement. 

When  the  injecting  process  was  fin- 
ished, the  hoisting  plant  was  set  up,  and 
shaft  sinking  began  on  July  16.  In  the 
first  51  m.  the  flow  of  water  was  only 
625  liters  per  hour.  The  second  stage, 
to  the  95-m.  level,  yielded  a  maximum 
of  1500  liters  per  hour.  The  third  stage, 
passing  through  the  most  fissured  lime- 
stone, to  a  depth  of  116  m.,  yielded  as 
much  as  5200  liters  per  hour,  but  this 
was  easily  hoisted  by  bucket.  During 
the  final  stage,  in  the  other  watery  zone, 
the  inflow  was  only  2900  liters  per  hour. 
The  largest  flows  of  water  were  en- 
countered at  exactly  the  levels  which  the 
preliminary  observations  of  the  wash 
water  had  indicated,  but  they  were  so 
small  that  it  was  not  necessary  to  install 
any  pump. 


Track   Cover   on  Coal  Dock 


The  storage  of  a  large  tonnage  of 
steam  coal  is  usually  done  at  the  risk 
of  spontaneous  combustion.  The  coal 
docks  of  the  Cleveland  Cliffs  Iron  Com- 
pany at  Ishpeming,  Mich.,  are  completely 


SYieetUoS 


12  I  12  - 

The  Bnjineerinj  -i Hining  Joiirnal 

Cover  for  Track  on  Coal  Dock 

covered,  thus  keeping  the  coal  dry.  The 
railroad  tracks  are  built  on  trestles  20 
to  25  ft.  high  and  wide  enough  for 
three  parallel  tracks  on  top.  This  gives 
a  storage  area  about  50  ft.  wide  by  300 
ft.  long  and  20  ft.  high.  The  posts  un- 
der each  rail  are  vertical  while  there  are 
batter  posts  at  the  side  with  a  slope 
of  about  65  deg.  These  side  posts  form 
a  retaining  wall,  and  are  covered  so  as 
to  form  a  roof  for  that  portion  of  the 
coal  pile,  while  all  of  the  space  between 
the  rails  is  floored  with  boards  and  cov- 
ered  with   sheet   iron. 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  the 
arrangement  for  temporarily  covering 
tne  section  between  the  rails  which  is 
left  open  to  receive  coal  from  the  bot- 
tom-dump cars.  A  frame  is  made  with 
three  2xl0-in.  planks,  spaced  3  ft.  apart, 
on  top  of  which  sheet  iron  is  fastened. 
These  sections  are  about  6  ft.  long  and 
?re  easily  removed  when  it  is  desired 
to  fill  the  pocket  with  coal.  There  is 
sufficient  grade  to  the  tracks  so  that 
water  drains  off  readily.  In  this  way 
the  coal  is  kept  perfectly  dry  which  re- 
sults in  a  saving  of  fuel,  and  at  the 
same  time  lessens  the  danger  of  fire. 


December   31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1295 


An   Automatic   Dump 
By  Guy  C.  Stoltz* 

An  unusual  type  of  automatic  dump 
has  been  installed  by  Witherbee,  Sher- 
man &  Co.,  at  the  mouth  of  Barton  Hill 
tunnel  at  Mineville,  N.  Y.  An  electric 
locomotive  brings  a  trip  of  loaded  3-ton 
cars  to  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  where 
each  one  is  in  turn  set  out  on  a  trestle 
at  the  end  of  which  the  cars  enter  a 
complete  turn-over  dump,  discharging 
into  a  storage  bin.  The  dump  is  so  bal- 
anced that  the  car,  after  emptying,  rights 
itself  by  revolving  with  the  tipple. 

The  combined  center  of  gravity  of  the 
loaded  car,  with  that  of  the  tipple,  is 
about  one  foot  above  the  a.\les  C.  As  the 
car  enters  the  tipple  it  encounters  the 
curved  rails  B  and  revolves  on  the  axles 
until  the  car  is  completely  overturned. 
It  is  held  by  band  brake  D,  operated  by 
lever  arm  E,  until  the  contents  have  been 


the  necessarily  large  bending  stresses  in 
the  a.xle.  The  dump  was  built  in  the 
company's  shops  after  a  design  by  H.  F. 
Pigg,  of  the  engineering  department. 


Creosote  as  a  Timber  Preservative 

Owing  to  the  increased  cost  of  creosote 
oil  and  its  comparative  scarcity  in  the 
United  States,  a  process  has  been  devel- 
oped in  which  small  quantities  of  oil 
are  used,  which  it  is  claimed  will  produce 
the  same  results  as  the  larger  quantities 
used  in  the  past.  Walter  Biihler  states' 
that  this  process  is  commonly  known  as 
the  empty-cell  process.  The  older  process 
k  known  as  the  full-cell  process  and  its 
advocates  claim  that,  in  order  to  preserve 
timber  successfully,  it  is  necessary  to  use 
enough  creosote  to  fill  the  cell  structures. 
They  also  claim  that  the  desire  to  reduce 
the  cost  of  preserved  timber  by  the  use 
of  smaller  quantities  of  oil    has  produced 


Automatic  Tipple  for  Ore  Cars,  Minf.ville,  N.  Y. 


discharged.  After  dumping,  the  center 
of  gravity  of  the  tipple  and  empty  car 
is  then  below  the  axles,  so  the  whole 
can  be  lowered  by  the  band  brake  until 
the  projecting  rails  G  meet  a  bumper  on 
the  trestle  .which  stops  the  tipple  rails 
level  with  the  trestle  track. 

The  floor  of  the  tipple  is  made  of  3x3- 
in.  angles,  to  which  the  rails  are  bolted. 
These  angles  are  riveted  to  angles  of  the 
same  size,  forming  the  skeleton  for  the 
sides.  The  side  angles  are  riveted  to 
'■!-in.  steel  plates  to  which  the  8x8-in. 
back-rail  timbers  are  bolted.  The  turn- 
ing axles  C  are  keyed  to  a  lOxlO-in.  flat 
iron  piece  2  in.  thick,  which  is  in  turn 
riveted  to  the  side  plates;  the  axles  ex- 
tend through  a  tapping  in  the  side  plates 
to  receive  a  collar.  The  axles  turn  in 
wide  journal  boxes  attached  to  the  tim- 
ber trusses  F,  which  are  placed  as  close 
as  possible  to  the  side  plates,  to  reduce 

•Mining  engineer,    Mineville,    X.   Y. 


certain   processes    the  claims   for  which 
cannot  be  fulfilled. 

Empty-cell  Process 

Advocates  of  the  empty-cell  process 
claim  that  it  is  only  necessary  to  paint  the 
cell  walls  to  prevent  decay,  and  that,  by 
their  special  process,  it  is  possible  to  fill 
the  cell  structure  with  oil,  and  then  with- 
draw most  of  it.  Thus  the  cell  structure 
is  virtually  painted  with  a  small  quantity 
of  oil. 

All  the  information  today  as  to  the 
value  of  creosote  as  a  preservative  is 
based  on  the  resistance  to  decay  of  tim- 
bers which  have  been  treated  by  the  full- 
cell  process,  and  whether  it  will  be  pos- 
sible to  reduce  the  cost  by  the  use  of 
smaller  quantities  of  oil  is  still  an  open 
question.  It  will  only  be  answered  when 
sufficient  time  has  elapsed  to  demonstrate 
thoroughly  its  efficiency  by  actual  expe- 

'I'roc.   A.   S.   C.   K.,    Nov..    I'llO. 


rience.  It  is  to  be  hoped,  however,  that 
this  endeavor  to  reduce  the  cost  of  pre- 
serving timber  will  not  lead  to  false 
economies  and,  consequently,  to  false  im- 
pressions of  a  good  preservative. 

In  the  protection  of  timber  against 
marine  insects  in  Southern  waters,  pres- 
ent experience  would  indicate  the  use 
of  at  least  from  18  to  20  lb.,  and,  in 
some  timbers,  as  much  as  26  lb.  of  creo- 
sote oil  per  cubic  foot.  If  the  timber  is 
to  be  used  in  Northern  waters,  from 
10  to  16  lb.  per  cu.ft.  are  advocated, 
depending  on  the  character  of  the  timber 
to  be  treated. 

There  are  certain  purposes  for  which 
timber  is  used  to-day,  such  as  the  mod- 
ern wood-block  pavement,  in  which  that 
quality  which  makes  creosote  a  good  pre- 
servative is  of  less  importance  than  that 
which  makes  it  a  good  waterproofing 
material. 

Specifications  Vary  for  Different 
Purposes 

When  creosote  was  first  used  in  the 
United  States  to  preserve  timber  for  pav- 
ing purposes,  it  was  thought  that  it  was 
only  necessary  to  prevent  decay,  and 
specifications  were  based  on  experience 
with  creosote  in  preserving  timbers  for 
ties  and  other  purposes.  These  speci- 
fications naturally,  called  for  an  oil  similar 
to  that  which  had  been  most  eff'ective  in 
such  preservation.  It  was  soon  found, 
however,  that  something  more  than  a 
preservative  was  necessary.  The  wood 
absorbed  large  quantities  of  water,  ex- 
panded greatly  and  destroyed  the  sur- 
face of  the  roadway.  The  natural  de- 
velopment was  to  increase  the  quantity 
of  oil  used;  this  eliminated  the  trouble 
for  a  number  of  years,  but  it  was  dis- 
covered that  in  a  short  time  the  oil  dis- 
appeared from  the  wood,  absorption 
again  took  place  and  trouble  from  ex- 
pansion and  contraction  necessarily  fol- 
lowed. This  led  to  a  study  of  the  creo- 
sote itself,  not  only  as  a  preservative  for 
paving  blocks  but  also  for  timber,  for 
it  was  naturally  thought  that  if  it  disap- 
peared from  paving  blocks,  it  would  also 
disappear  from  timber.  This  deeper  study 
into  the  preservative  itself  has  developed 
it  considerably. 

It  is  now  customary  to  differentiate  the 
oils  into  those  suitable  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  timber,  for  paving  blocks,  and, 
possibly,  for  the  protection  of  timbers 
against  marine  insects.  It  is  gen- 
erally conceded  that  the  higher  boiling 
constituents  of  the  oil  are  the  valuable 
ones  and,  whereas  formerly  high  per- 
centages of  tar  acids  and  naphthalene 
were  specified,  it  is  now  customary  to 
require  low  percentages  of  both.  In  fact, 
although  early  specifications  called  for 
not  less  than  10  per  cent,  tar  acids  and 
40  per  cent,  naphthalene,  those  of  today 
demand  not  more  than  5  per  cent,  of  the 
former  and  25  per  cent,  of  the   latter. 


1296 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


The  New  Goldfields    of    Porcupine,    Ontario 

District  Now  25  Miles  from  Railroad;  Branch  Proposed.     Two  Main 
Orebodies  Outlined;  Igneous  Keewatin  and  Sedimentary  Huronian  Rocks 


BY 


REGINALD 


HORE* 


During  the  summer  of  1909  a  number 
of  discoveries  of  gold-bearing  quartz 
were  made  in  the  vicinity  of  Porcupine 
lake,  which  lies  100  miles  northwest  of 
Cobalt,  and  50  miles  north  of  Gowganda. 
Coarse  gold  could  be  seen  in  a  number  of 
places,  and  grab  samples  and  other  parts 
of  the  quartz  were  found  to  contain  gold. 

Li.MiTED   Transportation    in    Summer 

The  discoveries  evidently  warranted 
careful  testing,  but  it  was  not  possible 
to  accomplish  much  for  some  months. 
While  only  25  miles  from  the  railroad, 
the  region  was  comparatively  inaccess- 
ible on  account  of  the  thick  forest  cover. 
The  prospectors,  by  taking  advantage  of 
the  canoe  routes  and  carrying  a  few 
weeks'  supplies,  found  no  unusual  diffi- 
culty; but  heavy  freight  could  not  be 
handled  at  all.  The  arrival  of  winter  re- 
lieved the  situation,  for  in  the  north  coun- 
try the  manager  in  a  new  camp  finds  that 
transportation  problems  are  then  much 
easier.  He  welcomes  the  snows  and 
frosts  of  November,  as  does  the  lake 
shipper  an  early  spring. 

When  the  lakes  v/ere  frozen  over,  a  win- 
ter road  was  cut  through  the  forest  from 
the  railroad  to  the  camp.  After  the  road 
was  ready,  several  operators  attempted 
to  get  in  supplies  before  the  breakup.  A 
few  were  successful  in  their  preparations 
for  the  summer's  work;  but  an  unusu- 
ally early  spring  made  the  snow  roads 
impassable,  and  most  of  the  exploration 
to  date  has  been  accomplished  under  re- 
markable  disadvantages. 

During  the  summer  wagon  roads  were 
built,  and  gasolene  boats  and  ca- 
noes put  on  the  intervening  stretches  of 
water.  Freight  has  been  hauled  on  wa- 
gons 11  miles  over  wet  clay  roads  from 
Kelso  to  the  Frederick  House  river,  then 
taken  by  motor  boats  15  miles  and  by 
canoe  28  miles  to  Porcupine  lake.  From 
the  lake  to  the  mines  it  is  taken  on 
"jumpers."  An  enterprising  transporta- 
tion company  has  handled  a  large  volume 
of  freight  in  spite  of  the  many  difficulties. 
It  has,  however,  been  found  almost  im- 
possible to  use  the  summer  route  for 
heavy   freight. 

Development 

In  spite  of  the  transportation  difficul- 
ties, considerable  progress  has  been 
made.  Already,  18  months  after  the  first 
important  discovery,  it  has  been  demon- 
strated that  there  arc  two  large  orebodies, 
three  miles  apart;  that  there  are  a  num- 


ber of  large  veins  which  carry  visible 
coarse  gold;  that  average  surface  sam- 
ples of  many  of  these  veins  carry  con- 
siderable fine  gold;  that  there  are  veined 
zones,  which  are  fairly  continuous  across 
several  claims,  and  that  the  area  in  which 
gold-bearing  quartz  occurs  covers  several 
townships. 

What  may  be  the  extent  of  these  de- 
posits, what  their  contents  and  the  cost  of 
extracting  them,  remains  to  be  deter- 
mined. A  number  of  operators  of  mines 
in  other  fields  consider  that  the  chances 
warrant  a  considerable  expenditure.  Dur- 
ing the  present  winter  several  companies 
will    take    in    supplies    for    exploration 


•Assistant  State  peoIoElst.  HoiiKhton,  Mltli. 


The     Road     to     Porcupine     through 
Forest-covered  Flat  Clay  Belt 

and  development  work,  stamps  will  be 
taken  into  two  properties,  and  mills  erect- 
ed in  the  summer.  The  construction  of 
a  railroad  into  the  camp  is  now  assured. 

General  Character  of    the  Goldfield 

Climatic  conditions  are  much  the  same 
as  at  Cobalt,  rigorous,  but  healthful.  Be- 
ing 100  miles  further  north,  the  winters 
will  be  a  week  or  two  longer.  Topo- 
graphically, Porcupine  differs  much  from 
Cobalt.  The  silver  camp  is  situated  in  a 
district  by  no  means  mountainous,  but 
rocky  and  rough  in  detail.  The  most  im- 
portant finds  at  Porcupine  are  at  the  edge 
of  a  flat  clay  belt,  which  is  being  opened 
up  for  agricultural  purposes.  The  import- 


ant discoveries  were  made  on  low,  rounded 
outcrops,  which  stand  but  little  above 
the  clay.  A  number  of  discoveries  have 
also  been  made  south  and  west  of  these 
deposits  in  country  that  is  more  rocky, 
and  which  forms  a  part  of  the  Temagami 
forest  reserve. 

The  thick  growth  of  conifers,  poplar, 
and  white  birch  covers  clay  and  rocky 
areas  alike.  The  trees  will  not  make 
good  lumber,  but  will  afford  an  ab'.nidant 
supply  of  mine  timbers  and  firewood. 
Lying  in  depressions  in  the  clay  and  in 
the  rocks  are  numerous  small  lakes  of 
clear  water.  A  few  miles  from  the  camp 
there  are  waterfalls  on  the  Mattagami 
river,  which  will  be  utilized  for  power  de- 
velopment. From  the  camp  to  the  main 
line  of  the  Temiskaming  &  Northern  On- 
tario railway,  it  will  be  possible  to  build 
quickly  and  cheaply  a  railroad  with  easy 
grades. 

Discovery  of  the  Dome  Mine 
The  gold  at  Porcupine  was  found  in 
quartz  in  place,  and  by  professional 
prospectors.  There  are  no  placer  depos- 
its known  nor  under  the  circumstances 
is  it  likely  that  such  will  be  found.  To 
John  S.  Wilson,  of  Massey,  Ont.,  belongs 
the  honor  of  the  discovery  of  the  "Dome." 
The  presence  of  numerous  quartz  veins, 
some  of  which  carried  gold,  was  re- 
marked by  government  geologists  some 
years  ago  and  the  more  immediate  cause 
of  the  discovery  was  the  extension  of  a 
government  railroad  to  within  25  miles 
of  the  deposits.  The  discovery  of  silver 
at  Cobalt  was  the  direct  result  of  the 
construction  of  the  Temiskaming  &  North- 
ern Ontario  railway,  for  it  ran  directly 
over  a  rich  vein,  which  was  staked  by 
Fred  La  Rose,  a  blacksmith  on  the  con- 
struction work.  Less  directly,  but  no  less 
certainly,  was  the  railroad  responsible 
for  the  gold  discoveries,  since  by  its 
proximity  it  made  it  possible  for  the  pros- 
pector to  spend  a  greater  proportion  of 
his  time  examining  the  rocks.  Before  the 
building  of  the  railroad,  the  country  was 
only  to  be  reached  by  long  canoe  jour- 
neys, and  consequently  much  of  the  short 
season  was  spent  in  traveling.  As  a  rule, 
the  pioneer  prospectors  in  northern  On- 
tario are  still  using  canoes  for  trans- 
portation, but  they  work  most  effectively 
when  only  a  few  days'  journey  from  the 
railroads. 

Native   Gold   Associated   with    Pyrite 

The  gold  occurs  only  as  the  native 
:nctal,  and  is  invariably  associated  with 
pyrite.     Part  is  readily  recovered  by  am- 


f 


December  31,   1910.  THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1297 


Quartz  Veins  in  Gray  Schists  at  Timmons 
Mine 


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M 

Hi 

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i 

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■    •           '--\      •.          ^ 

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1           •- 

.    ,      J 

Dome   Mine,   Showing   Schists   Associated 
WITH  the  Quartz 


Two  Views  of  the  Timmons  Mine,  Porcupine,  Ont. 


-^^'JfW-"     Br-:*'- 


f*»^v>-:Ti:-  laTurs' 


Dome  Mine,  Showing  Shams.  Stock    Pile  and  Test  Mill — Quartz  Outcrop  in  Foreground 


n 

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WffiHKr^^^ir^nWM 

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Quartz  Outcrops  on  Dome  and  Timmons  Mines,  Porcupine,  Ont. 


1298 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


algamation,  and  the  remainder  will  prob- 
ably be  cyanided.  The  highest  contents 
are  found  in  white  quartz  veins  and 
masses.  There  are:  (a)  Fairly  distinct  sin- 
gle-fissure fillings  or  veins;  (fc)  a  series  of 
intimately  connected  filled  fissures  form- 
ing a  "vein  system;"  (c)  carbonate  beds 
penetrated  by  quartz  veins  and  form- 
ing quartz- ferrodolomite  lodes;  (a)  large 
Hiasses  of  quartz  not  in  the  form  of  veins 
or  lodes. 

The  country  rocks  are  of  several  va- 
rieties, igneous  and  sedimentary,  light 
colored  and  dark  colored.  The  igneous 
rocks  are  mostly  dense  and  fine-grained; 
some  are  light-colored  silicious  porphy- 
ries; some  are  dark-colored  altered 
basalts;  others  are  gray  or  greenish- 
gray  andesitic  types.  The  sedimentary 
rocks  are  gray,  fine-grained  quartzites; 
massive  and  bedded  graywackes;  coarse, 
schistose,  gray  conglomerates;  and  rusty, 
weathering,  crystalline  ferrodolomites.  A 
considerable  proportion  of  both  igneous 
and  sedimentary  rocks  are  schistose.  The 
igneous  rocks,  together  with  the  ferro- 
dolomites and  some  associated  jaspilites, 
are  probably  Keewatin.  The  other  sedi- 
ments are  probably  Huronian. 

The  immediate  wall  rock  of  auriferous- 
quartz  veins  is  almost  invariably  impreg- 
nated with  carbonates  and  with  small 
crystals  of  pyrite.  The  gold  in  these 
rocks,  while  usually  much  less  than  in  the 
quartz,  has  in  some  cases  proved  suffi- 
cient to  warrant  systematic  exploration. 
In  the  larger  auriferous-quartz  deposits, 
there  are  inclosed  some  great  masses 
of  rock  which   carry  gold. 


New   Power  Developments  on   the 
Rand  to  Offset  Labor  Scarcity 


The  Holman  Drill  in  America 


Holman  Brothers,  of  New  York,  is  the 
title  of  a  new  American  corporation 
which  has  been  formed  for  the  purpose 
of  introducing  the  Holman  rock  drill  in 
America.  The  manufacturers  of  this 
drill,  Holman  Brothers,  of  Camborne, 
Cornwall,  England,  are  one  of  the  oldest 
companies  in  this  work,  having  been  es- 
tablished in  1839  and  claiming  a  total 
output  of  over  30.000  rock  drills.  It  will 
be  recalled  that  the  Holman  drill  won  a 
$12,000  prize  in  the  Transvaal  stupe- 
drill  competition,  this  being  one  of  the 
drills  which  was  tied  for  first  place  in 
these  extensive  tests.  The  Holman  ma- 
chine is  known  as  an  "all  steel"  drill, 
and  among  the  special  features  to  which 
the  manufacturers  are  directing  attention 
are  the  self-tightening  chuck  for  un- 
shanked  steels,  crucible-steel  ball  valves, 
and  bushed  front  head  without  bolts. 
Another  feature  of  the  drill  is  the  valve 
motion,  which  is  a  combination  of  the 
independent  air-thrown  valve  and  two 
trigger  or  auxiliary  valves  (steel  balls), 
which  perform  the  function  of  a  tappet. 


Johannesburg  Correspondence 

The  output  for  1910  will  again  show  a 
progressive  increase  in  value  of  gold  pro- 
duced in  the  Transvaal,  and  will  probably 
be  somewhat  over  £32,000,000  despite 
there  being  about  470  stamps  idle  on  the 
Rand  for  various  causes.  There  were,  in 
October,  9175  stamps  at  work  on  the 
Rand  and  183  tube  mills,  and  outside 
mines  dropped  581  stamps  and  had  5  tube 
mills.  The  stamp  duty  of  the  Roode- 
poort  United  Main  Reef  was  19.7  tons 
for  October. 

Over  40,000  Laborers  Needed 

The  mines  of  the  Rand  are  suffering 
from  a  shortage  of  40,000  to  50,000  la- 
borers. There  were  180,103  men  eni- 
plo\'ed  in  the  gold  mines  in  October.  Two 
large  new  producers,  the  City  Reef  and 
the  Randfontein  Central,  will  early  in 
1911  be  dropping  800  extra-heavy  stamps 
and  requiring  8000  to  12,000  extra  labor- 
ers. The  shortage  of  labor  is  being  met 
to  a  certain  degree  by  the.  employ- 
ment of  more  single-stope  drills  and 
when  the  central  air-compressing  plant  of 
the  Victoria  Falls  Power  Company  is 
v.'orking  greater  relief  will  be  experi- 
enced. 

New  Compressed-air  Installations 

Of  the  power  that  will  be  shortly  sup- 
plied by  the  Victoria  Falls  and  Transvaal 
Power  Company  40  per  cent,  will  be  sup- 
plied as  compressed  air.  The  first  instal- 
lation will  comprise  40,000  h.p.,  which 
will  be  generated  by  rotary  air  compres- 
sors in  the  largest  units  yet  manufac- 
tured. At  the  Rocheville  station  there 
will  be  four  compressors  of  4000  h.p. 
driven  by  steam  turbines  and  there  will 
be  six  of  similar  power  driven  by  motors 
at  the  Robinson  Central  Reef  mine.  Each 
unit  is  designed  to  deliver  590  cubic 
meters  of  free  air  per  minute  from  an 
atmospheric  pressure  of  610  mm.  mer- 
cury at  a  temperature  of  20  deg.  C.  to  a 
terminal  pressure  of  9  kg.  per  sq.cm., 
the  temperature  at  outlet  not  to  exceed 
85  deg.  C.  The  isothermal  efficiency  of 
the  whole  is  guaranteed  not  less  than  68 
per  cent.  I  understand  that  compression 
is  in  several  steps  with  intercooling  by 
sprays,  but  a  ridiculous  and  wholly  un- 
necessary policy  of  secrecy  pursued  by 
the  contractors  prevents  the  publication 
of  certain  particulars.  One  of  the  best 
known  engineers  here,  who  has  recently 
returned  from  a  visit  to  Europe,  and  has 
seen  several  similar  inst.Tllations  at  works 
there,  is  inclined  to  the  belief  that  the  real 
efficiency  of  these  installations  is  very 
low.  The  air  will  be  transmitted  to  the 
various  mines  in  mains  from  26  in.  down 
to  9  in.  in  diameter,  the  velocity  of  the 


air  being  35  ft.  per  second.  Lap-welded 
steel  pipes  with  special  fiange  joints  will 
be  employed.  The  initial  pressure  will  be 
115  lb.  and  the  average  drop  of  pressure 
to  the  mines  will  be  five  pounds.  Nine- 
teen miles  of  pipes  have  been  laid  al- 
ready; the  air  sold  is  measured  by  Ven- 
turi  meters. 


A  New   Radiation  Pyrometer 

A  new  type  of  radiation  pyrometer, 
embracing  several  new  and  advantageous 
features,  has  recently  been  devised  by 
Richard  P.  Brown,  of  Philadelphia. 
There  has  been  a  long-felt  want  for  an 
accurate  and  simple  pyrometer  for  use 
in  measuring  temperatures  beyond  the 
limit  of  the  well  known  electric  pyro- 
meter with  platinum  thermo-couple. 
This  latter  instrument  is  useful  for  tem- 
peratures as  high  as  2500  deg.  F.,  but 
above  this  point  the  life  of  the  thermo- 
couple is  short  and  its  accuracy  impaired. 


Brown  Radiation  Pyrometer 

In  the  case  of  the  radiation  pyrometer 
the  sensitive  thermo-couple  is  placed  at 
the  rear  end  of  the  tube  or  telescope  and 
a  concave  mirror  focuses  the  heat  rays 
entering  the  tube  on  the  thermo-couple, 
which  is  connected  by  wire  to  the  milli- 
voltmeter  graduated  in  degrees  of  tem- 
perature. The  radiation  pyrometer, 
therefore,  has  no  part  directly  subjected 
to  the  high  heat  to  be  measured,  and 
there  is,  in  consequence,  no  part  to  be 
destroyed  by  the  furnace  gases  or  high 
temperature.  The  radiation  pyrometer 
has  also  the  advantage  of  the  readings 
being  instantaneous,  the  slightest  changes 
in  temperature  being  shown  immediately. 
Radiation  pyrometers  heretofore  manu- 
factured have  been  of  two  types,  the  ad- 
justable and  the  fixed  focus.  The  im- 
ported type  of  radiation  pyrometers  using 
an  adjustable  focus  has  been  too  com- 
plicated   for  general  use.  and   the   fixed- 


December   31.    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1299 


focus  instruments  have  had  no  means 
by  which  the  operator  could  tell  whether 
or  not  the  telescope  was  too  far  from  the 
furnace  opening  or  heated  body.  In  the 
radiation  pyrometer  with  fixed  focus,  to 
secure  a  correct  reading  of  the  tempera- 
ture, the  pyrometer  tube  or  telescope 
should  not  be  more  than  30  in.  distant 
when  the  furnace  opening  is  three  inches 
in  diameter,  or  60  in.  distant  when  the 
door  of  the  furnace  is  six  inches  in  diam- 
eter; in  other  words,  the  pyrometer  tele- 
scope or  tube  should  not  be  distant  more 
than  10  times  the  diameter  of  the  fur-' 
nace  opening,  or  object,  the  temperature 
of  which  is  to  be  measured.  As  long 
as  the  pyrometer  tube  was  within  these 
distances,  the  temperature  could  be  read 
correctly.  There  was  also  no  means  with 
a  fixed-focus  radiation  pyrometer  of  be- 
ing assured  that  the  tube  was  pointed  cor- 
rectly at  the  furnace  opening. 

A  "Finder"  on  the  New  Pyrometer 

In  the  new  Brown  radiation  pyrometer 
with  fixed  focus,  a  finder  somewhat  sim- 
ilar to  those  used  on  kodaks  has  been 
placed  on  the  tube,  and  by  means  of  this 
the  tube  can  be  readily  pointed  directly 
at  the  furnace  opening.  It  also  acts  as  a 
measure  of  distance,  and  it  is  only  neces- 
sary that  the  bright  red  of  the  furnace 
opening  take  up  the  whole  view  in  the 
finder.  If  some  of  the  dark  outside  wall 
of  the  furnace  is  showing  around  the 
bright-red  opening,  the  tube  is  too  far 
distant,  and  should  be  moved  closer  un- 
til the  bright  red  only  is  showing.  It  is 
difficult  for  errors  to  occur  with  this  new 
feature,  and  the  instrument  is  accurate 
under  ordinary  working  conditions  within 
1  per  cent,  or  30  degrees  at  3000  de- 
grees Fahrenheit. 

The  instrument  is  calibrated  for  meas- 
uring the  temperature  of  a  black  body, 
or  the  temperature  of  the  walls  or  parts 
inside  of  furnaces  which  are  practically 
black  bodies.  In  using  the  pyrometer 
for  measuring  the  temperature  of  molten 
metals  or  highly  polished  surfaces  which 
reflect,  a  correction  is  made. 

Another  new  feature  of  the  Brown 
radiation  pyrometer  is  the  collapsible 
tube  made  like  a  telescope,  which  per- 
mits of  the  pyrometer  tube,  indicator, 
tripod  and  wiring  being  fitted  in  a  small 
leather  carrying  case  weighing  only  15 
lbs.  complete.  This'  feature  is  particu- 
larly desirable  to  engineers  and  superin- 
tendents who  may  have  to  take  the  py- 
rometer from  one  point  to  another  occa- 
sionally for  tests. 

In  using  a  radiation  pyrometer  on  a 
furnace  determination  it  is  frequently  in- 
convenient, if  tests  of  long  duration  are 
to  be  made,  to  leave  the  door  or  opening 
open.  A  firebrick  tube  is  therefore  in- 
serted in  the  opening  and  projects  into 
the  kiln  or  furnace,  the  inside  end  of  the 
tube  being  closed.  The  pyrometer  tele- 
scope is  focused  on  the  inner  end  of  the 


firebrick  tube,  and  for  permanent  in- 
stallation a  bracket  is  used  instead  of 
the  tripod  to  bolt  on  the  wall  and  hold 
the  pyrometer  tube. 

The  instrument  will  be  adaptable  par- 
ticularly for  measuring  the  temperatures 
about  a  blast-furnace  plant,  in  the  open- 
hearth  furnaces  of  steel  works  where  ex- 
cessive temperatures  are  carried,  in  brick 
kilns  for  burning  firebrick  and  refractory 
materials,  in  rotary  cement  kilns  where 
the  temperature  is  running  about  3000 
degrees  and  must  be  measured  20  ft.  in- 
side the  furnace,  and  by  engineers  in 
testing  the  temperature  of  boiler  fur,- 
naces,  and  in  research  work.  In  fact, 
there  are  a  number  of  operations  where 
high  temperatures  are  carried  and  must 
be  measured,  where  this  instrument  will 
prove  useful. 

This  new  radiation  pyrometer  is  being 
placed  on  the  market  by  the  Brown  In- 
strument Company,  of  Philadelphia, 
Pittsburg  and  Chicago,  and  patents  have 
been  applied  for  covering  the  special 
features  embraced  in  the  instrument. 


Nigerian  Tin  Mining 


London  Correspondence 


Owing  to  the  lack  of  other  recent 
discoveries  of  tin,  and  the  limited  sup- 
ply in  sight,  interest  in  the  tinfields  of 
northern  Nigeria  has  been  reawakened. 
The  first  discoveries  of  tin  in  that 
neighborhood  were  made  by  the  Niger 
Company  in  1901,  but  not  until  six  years 
later  was  any  tin  exported.  Develop- 
ment is  now  being  pushed  ahead  at  sev- 
eral points,  and  the  fields  are  being 
worked  on  a  small  scale  by  five  or  six 
different  companies.  The  export  of  cas- 
siterite  to  England  for  this  year  will 
amount  to  about  500  tons.  There  are 
many  difficulties  to  be  surmounted  before 
this  country  becomes  a  big  producer.  At 
present  natives,  who  are  capable  of  car- 
rying a  load  of  about  70  lb.,  about  20 
miles  per  day,  have  to  be  relied  on  for 
all  transport.  The  cost  of  carrying  one 
ton  to  or  from  the  coast  amounts  to  about 
£12,  and  all  machinery  has  to  be  rigidly 
sectionalizcd. 

The  deposits  hitherto  discovered  are 
all  alluvial,  and  subject  to  severe  floods 
in  the  wet  season,  and  droughts  in  the 
dry.  They  do  not,  as  a  rule,  lend  them- 
selves to  hydraulicking,  being  too  flat, 
nor  owing  to  the  permeable  nature  of  the 
sandy  soil,  can  dams  be  constructed  to 
hold  up  water  for  any  length  of  time. 
Dredges  could  be  used,  but  the  difficulty 
of  getting  the  heavy  machinery  neces- 
sary for  a  successful  dredge  on  the 
ground  is  at  present  great.  During  the 
wet  season,  mosquitoes  find  the  climate 
admirably  suited  to  them  and  breed 
rp'prididlv,  to  inoculate  all  white  men 
with  malarial  germs,  making  the  climate 


ail  unhealthful  one.  It  is  reported  also 
that  cannibal  natives  in  the  southern  dis- 
tricts are  ready  and  anxious  to  devour 
what  the  mosquitoes  leave. 

While  nothing  authoritative  on  the 
subject  has  yet  been  published,  the  as- 
says are  reported  to  run  well,  from  three 
to  four  lb.  of  coarse  cassiterite  per  cubic 
yard,  equivalent,  with  tin  at  its  present 
price  of  £165  per  long  ton,  to  from  87c. 
to  $1.16.  Should  the  prospecting  work 
now  being  carried  on  at  many  points 
prove  any  considerable  quantity  of 
ground  to  carry  the  above  content,  there 
is  no  doubt  but  that  a  light  railway  or 
inotor  road  will  be  constructed,  after 
which  northern  Nigeria  will  become  an 
important  producer  of  tin. 


The   Law  as  to  Promoters 

Vice-chancellor  Howell  filed  an  opinion 
on  Dec.  16  holding  that  Frederick  F.  Sear- 
ing, Albert  C.  Fairchild  and  Henry  F. 
Bell  are  liable  as  promoters  for  the  se- 
cret and  undisclosed  profits  made  by 
them  in  the  organization  of  the  Passaic 
Steel  Company.  The  opinion  points  out 
that  to  effectuate  a  certain  result  the 
promoters  decided  by  an  agreement 
among  themselves  upon  all  the  details  of 
the  plan,  calculated  the  amount  of  profit 
which  they  would  make  out  of  the  tran- 
saction, and  ascertained  and  set  down  in 
writing  each  man's  share  long  before  they 
made  any  part  of  the  scheme  public. 
They  organized  a  syndicate  which  was 
to  furnish  all  the  funds  necessary  to 
carry  out  the  scheme,  the  members  of 
which  were  to  be  stockholders  and  bond- 
holders of  the  new  company,  in  which 
they  became  directors,  although  they  paid 
nothing  for  the  stock  which  gave  them 
control  of  its  management.  Discussing 
the  responsibilities  as  promoters  in  the 
circumstances  presented,  the  vice-chan- 
cellor said: 

"A  promoter  when  he  shall  have  been 
found  to  be  such  as  a  matter  of  fact 
is  a  sort  of  self-constituted  agency  for 
bringing  a  company  into  existence — and 
this  fact  alone  would  go  far  toward 
charging  him  as  a  fiduciary — has  in  his 
hands  the  creation  and  molding  of  the 
companies;  he  has  the  power  of  defining 
how  and  when  and  in  what  shape  and 
under  what  supervision  it  shall  start  into 
existence  and  begin  to  act  as  a  trading 
corporation.  This  control  of  the  promoter 
over  the  company,  so  plenary  and  abso- 
lute, involves  a  corelativc  responsibility, 
and  out  of  this  responsibility  arises  the 
doctrine  now  well  settled  of  the  fidu- 
ciary relation  of  th^  promoter  toward  the 
company  he  creates. 

"In  virtue  of  this  fiduciary  relationship 
the  promoter  is  accountable  to  the  com- 
pany for  all  moneys  secretly  obtained  by 
him  from  if.  Secrecy  is  the  gist  of  the 
ttTong.  Thp  law  does  not  say  a  promoter 
may  not  make  a  profit  out  of  a  company 


1303 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910, 


he  promotes,  providing  he  makes  a  full 
and  fair  disclosure  to  the  company  of 
what  he  is  getting  and  the  company  as- 
sents to  it. 

"As  promoters  it  was  their  duty  to 
provide  an  independent  and  impartial 
board  of  directors  and  to  disclose  to  the 
persons  who  were  about  to  become  share- 
holders what  profits,  if  any,  they  were  to 
make  out  of  the  transaction.  It  is  univer- 
sally held  that  promoters  of  a  corpora- 
tion have  no  right  to  make  secret  profits. 
By  secret  profits  is  meant  such  profits 
as  are  made  by  the  promoter  without  dis- 
closing the  same  to  the  real  parties  in 
interest  and  obtaining  their  consent, 
either  expressed  or  implied." 

The  suit  was  instituted  by  stockholders 
of  the  corporation,  who  for  several  years 
have  been  trying  to  secure  an  accounting 
for  the  profits  which  they  alleged  have 
been  illegally  made  out  of  the  enterprise. 


The  Small   Mines  in  Rhodesia 
and  the  Rand 

London  Correspondence 


While  there  is  no  boom  in  Rhodesian 
mines,  both  the  agricultural  and  mining 
industries  of  the  country  are  recording 
steady  and  continuous  progress.  The  ab- 
sence of  a  boom  is  perhaps  to  the  ulti- 
mate advantage  of  the  country,  as  with 
attendant  wildcat  flotations  and  ultimately 
disgruntled  shareholders,  it  is  more  than 
apt  to  bring  a  district  into  disrepute.  To 
a  large  extent  their  loss  is  the  fault  of 
the  shareholders  themselves,  who  attempt 
to  "get  rich  quick"  by  investing  good 
money  in  an  industry  about  which  they 
know   but  little. 

Mining  men  seeking  fresh  fields  should 
take  note  that  the  Rand  offers  no  opening 
whatever  to  the  man  who  is  anxious  to 
invest  his  money  and  muscle  in  a  pros- 
pect, either  located  by  himself  or  taken 
on  lease  and  option.  On  the  Rand  he 
can  only  invest  his  savings  in  colossal 
undertakings  wherein  his  stake  is  but 
the  merest  driblet,  and  over  which  he 
consequently  can  have  no  control  what- 
ever, but  is  at  the  mercy  of  the  vagaries 
of  the  market.  True,  the  value  of  most 
Rand  mining  shares  has  remained  re- 
markably steady  for  the  last  year  or  two, 
for  mining  stock,  but  that  does  not  alter 
the  fact  that  the  enterprising  miner  who, 
having  saved  up  some  rnoney,  is  anxious 
to  put  it  into  a  prospect  of  his  own,  or 
with  a  syndicate,  and  sink  or  swim  with 
it,  has  no  chance  on  the  Rand.  Was  it 
not  Carnegie  who  remarked  that  the  way 
to  get  rich  was  to  put  all  one's  eggs  into 
one  basket,  and  nurse  that  basket  with 
extreme  care?  It  is  obvious  that  no  or- 
dinary individual  can  effectively  nurse  a 
big  developed  mine. 

In  Rhodesia  the  case  is  very  different. 
A   number   of   small   shallow   mines   are 


being  worked  at  a  profit.  Rich  ore  is  en- 
countered at  depth  also,  witness  the  Globe 
&  Phoenix,  now  down  2,300  ft.  in  paying 
ore.  Rhodesia  more  nearly  resembles 
Colorado  in  the  opportunities  for  miners 
pnd  leasers  working  on  a  small  scale. 
The  Consolidated  Gold  Fields  Com- 
pany, and  indeed  the  majority  of  the 
Rand  mining  houses,  have  representatives 
i'j  the  Rhodesian  field,  ready  and  anxious 
to  take  over  any  mine  showing  a  broad 
continuous  reef  too  low  grade  to  handle 
on  a  small  scale,  but  suitable  for  the  in- 
stallation of  large  reduction  plants. 


tising  methods.  It  is  proposed  to 
drive  out  foreign  bucket-shops  from  Ger- 
many, so  far  as  possible.  An  information 
bureau  is  to  be  established  at  London, 
to  assist  in  this  und;rtaking,  and  Austrian 
and  Swiss  bankers  have  also  promised 
tlieir  cooperation. 


Natural   Gas  in  Texas 


There  are  four  known  gasfields  in 
Texas  which  appear  to  have  sufficient  gas 
for  all  ordinary  purposes,  in  the  counties 
of  Clay,  Cass,  Navarro  and  Webb.  The 
Clay  county  gas  comes  from  the  same 
general  field  as  the  oil  from  that  country 
(Henrietta,  Petrolia  and  Electra).  From 
1904  to  1908  the  production  of  oil  from 
these  fields  was  421,342  bbl.  The  Navarro 
county  gasfield  is  closely  associated  with 
the  Corsicana  and  Powell  oilfields  from 
which  the  production  of  oil,  1896-1908, 
v/as  7,446,836  bbl.  There  is,  according  to 
the  State  Bureau  of  Economic  Geology, 
another  large  gasfield  in  Texas  which  has 
not  been  developed  at  all.  It  is  from  15 
to  25  miles  south  and  southwest  from  San 
Antonio  and  lies,  in  a  general  way,  be- 
tween the  San  Antonio  and  the  Medina 
rivers  and  along  this  latter-stream  from  its 
confluence  with  the  San  Antonio.  Good 
pressures  have  been  observed  in  this  field 
and  it  is  likely  that  a  large  quantity  of 
commercial  gas  could  be  secured. 

The  cities  of  Dallas  and  Fort  Worth, 
with  a  population  of  about  170,000,  are 
supplied  with  natural  gas  from  the  Clay 
county  fields,  south  of  Red  river.  The 
gas  is  piped  for  110  miles  and  the  base 
price  is  50c.  per  thousand  cu.ft.,  with  a 
substantial  reduction  to  large  and  regu- 
lar consumers.  Wichita  Falls,  Wichita 
county,  pipes  its  gas  from  the  Clay 
county  fields  also  and  the  price  is  9 
cents.  In  addition  to  these  cities  Laredo, 
Webb  county,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  also  has 
natural  gas,  piped  for  20  miles,  while  At- 
lanta, Cass  county,  and  Corsicana,  Na- 
varro county,  have  local  supplies  that 
could  be  much  more  extensively  used 
than  is  the  case  at  present. 


Coal  Discovered  in  Nevada 


A  body  of  coal  has'  been  discovered  in 
Nevada  in  that  district  lying  between 
Wellington  and  Bodie,  and  situated  near 
the  California  line.  Returns  on  some  of 
the  coal  that  has  been  sampled  show  the 
product  to  be  of  a  high  quality.  The  fact 
that  the  seams  are  true  coal  and  not  lig- 
nite is  most  encouraging.  A  core  drill 
is  now  being  moved  to  the  location,  and 
the  ground  will  be  thoroughly  prospected 
to  a  considerable  depth.  Several  parties 
are  already  on  the  ground,  and  a  num- 
ber of  locations  have  been  staked. 

Under  the  laws  of  Nevada,  one  person 
may  take  up  160  acres  and  pay  the  Gov- 
ernment for  the  same  within  one  year  at 
the  rate  of  $10  per  acre.  A  company 
may  take  up  320  acres  at  the  same  rate 
and  terms.  At  the  present  time  the  coal 
property  is  located  50  miles  from  the 
nearest  railroad. 


A  Foreign  "Bucket  Shop"  Crusade 

Berlin  despatches  declare  that  a  move- 
ment against  bucket-shops  has  been  insti- 
tuted by  the  Association  of  German  Bank- 
ers, which  is  undertaking  a  campaign  of 
instructing  the  public  on  the  subject.  It 
is  seeking  the  cooperation  of  the  news- 
papers, especially  those  of  the  German 
provinces,  in  showing  the  dangers  of  trad- 
ing with  firms  which  have  nothing  to 
recommend    them    but   their   loud    adver- 


Mine    Explosion    in  Virginia 

A  serious  explosion  occurred,  Dec.  14, 
in  the  Greene  coal  mine,  situated  two 
miles  from  Tacoma,  Va.,  on  the  Norfolk 
&  Western  railway.  It  is  reported  that 
about  20  miners  were  killed.  The  afflicted 
mine  is  a  small  operation  employing  35 
men.  In  an  attempt  to  rescue  some  of 
the  entombed  miners.  Superintendent 
Barrowman  and  three  of  his  assistants 
descended  the  shaft  and  perished  in  the 
poisonous  gases  that  filled  the  workings. 
Several  hours  after  the  explosion  oc- 
curred. Superintendent  P.  E.  Roan,  of  the 
Clinchfield  Coal  Corporation,  arrived  on 
the  scene  bringing  with  him  a  number  of 
rescue  apparatus.  With  the  aid  of  the 
rescue  helmets,  10  bodies  were  recovered 
before  midnight,  on  the  day  of  the  ex- 
plosion. 


French    Aluminum    Syndicate 

It  is  said  that  all  the  French  aluminum 
producers  have  entered  into  an  agree- 
ment to  apportion  the  entire  sales  ter- 
ritory open  to  them,  both  domestic  and 
foreign,  and  have  placed  the  entire  dis- 
posal of  their  output  with  the  Metal 
Gesellschaft  of  Frankfort-am-Main.  As 
the  capacity  of  the  French  works  is  about 
15,000  tons  per  year.  La  Revue  des  Pro- 
duits  Cliiniiqiies  remarks  that  their 
agreement  will  make  them  an  interest- 
ing factor  in  the  new  negotiations  for 
an    international   syndicate. 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1301 


San  Antonio  Copper  District,  Sonora,   Mexico 

LOS  ANGELES  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  San  Antonio  mining  district  lies 
immediately  west  of  the  town  of  San 
Antonio  de  la  Huerta,  at  the  terminus  of 
the  Yaqui  branch  of  the  Cananea,  Rio 
Yaqui  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  150 
miles  northeast  of  Cuaymas.  The  town 
is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Yaqui,  in 
the  southeast  corner  of  the  district  of 
Ures,  State  of  Sonora.  Evidence  is  to 
be  found  indicating  that  mining  was  car- 
ried on  in  the  vicinity  of  the  San  Antonio 
district  200  years  ago.  At  present,  activ- 
ities are  confined  to  two  relatively  large 
and  several  minor  operators.  The  prop- 
erties are  held  by  the  following  in- 
dividuals and  companies,  the  figure   fol- 


The  line  of  contact  is  quite  irregular  but 
may  be  said  to  have  a  general  east-west 
course  across  the  southern  portion  of 
the  district.  The  sedimentaries,  which  are 
chiefly  slate,  dip  about  15  deg.  toward 
the  south.  The  main  vein  system  in  the 
porphyry  strikes  a  little  east  of  north  and 
dips  steeply  toward  the  east.  The  main 
vein  of  this  system  is  included  within 
the  property  of  the  San  Antonio  Copper 
Company,  the  largest  operator  in  the  dis- 
trict. This  vein  varies  in  width,  in  places 
showing  over  100  ft.  Toward  the  north 
the  ore  is  copper;  as  the  contact  is  ap- 
proached, high-grade  copper-silver  ore  is 
encountered.  South  of  the  contact  another 


4  to  8  per  cent,  copper,  the  average 
probably  being  about  5  per  cent.  All  of 
the  ore  carries  small  amounts  of  gold  and 
silver.  The  San  Antonio  company  has 
located  a  smeltery  site  and  has  completed 
the  survey  for  a  4400-ft.  tunnel  to  cut  its 
orebodies  at  a  depth  of  1200  ft.  The 
plans  call  for  a  double-tracked  tunnel, 
the  portal  of  which  will  be  about  two  and 
a  half  miles  from  the  smeltery  site.  About 
135  men  are  employed. 

Developments  on   the   Miller   Group 

Twenty  men  are  employed  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  property  held  by  H.  L. 
Miller    (of  Los   Angeles,   Cal.)    and  as- 


LEGEND. 
H.  Wendler  &  Associates. ._ 

Sr.  Ochoa  y  Sob 

VaquI  SraeltiDg  Sl  Befining  Co.l 
A.G.  Arnold  &  Associates. _ 


F.C.  .\quilar  &  Associates. 2 

Miecellancoua LnX--n 


T*it  E'tginiertni;  ^  ^^lning  Jourtiot 


Map  of  the  San  Antonio  Copper  District,  Sonora,  Mexico 


lowing  the  name  indicating  the  percentage 
of  the  total  area  held  by  each:  San 
Antonio  Copper  Company,  41.6;  H.  L. 
Miller  and  associates,  27.4;  Herman 
Wendler  and  associates,  10.2;  F.  C. 
Aguilar  and  associates,  5;  A.  G.  Arnold 
and  associates,  3.7;  Yaqui  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company,  3.2;  Ochoa  and  as- 
sociates, 3;  First  National  Bank  group, 
1.9;  Mina  Grande  Mining  Company,  1.6; 
miscellaneous,  2.4.  The  total  area  in  the 
above  holdings  is  7703  acres. 

The  mineral-bearing  veins  are  In  the 
sedimentaries  and  an  extensive  intrusive 
body  of  quartz  porphyry,  the  latter  con- 
stituting the  greater  part  of  the  district. 


vein  system  is  encountered  striking  north- 
easterly and  dipping  about  75  deg.  south- 
easterly. These  veins  vary  from  8  to  20 
ft.  in  width,  show  good  slate  walls,  and 
produce  chiefly  gray  copper. 

The  San  Antonio  Operations 

The  property  of  the  San  Antonio  Cop- 
per Company  is  developed  by  19  tunnels 
of  varying  lengths  up  to  1200  ft.  The 
greatest  depth  attained  is  about  600  ft. 
Above  400  ft.  the  ore  consists  of  prac- 
tically all  of  the  oxidized  copper  min- 
erals; below  this  depth  chalcopyrite  with 
jome  bornite  appears.  The  orebodies  are 
usually  of  good  width  and  contain  from 


sociates.  This  property  lies  to  the  south 
of  the  contact  in  the  slate,  and  develop- 
ment is  proceeding  on  the  northeast- 
southwest  vein  system.  Most  of  the  work 
done  here  is  about  300  ft.  from  the  con- 
tact. Development  consists  of  nine  tun- 
nels, varying  from  100  to  400  ft.  in  length, 
and  a  shaft  on  the  vein  275  ft.  in  depth. 
It  is  claimed  that  about  20,000  tons  of  ore 
carrying  an  average  of  more  than  5  per 
cent,  copper  and  20  oz.  silver  per  ton  has 
been  opened. 

The  country  hereabouts  is  mountainous. 
The  elevation  of  the  Rio  Yaqui  is  725  ft.; 
the  apex  of  the  San  Antonio  vein  is  at 
2200  ft.,  while  the  mountains  back  of  the 


1302 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


town  reach  an  elevation  of  5000  ft.  With 
the  exception  of  three  or  four  months  In 
summer,  when  excessive  heat  is  experi- 
enced, the  climate  is  ideal.  There  is  a 
fairly  good  supply  of  hard  wood  to  be 
had.  Firewood  costs  $2.50  per  cord.  The 
semi-anthracite  coalfields  lie  about  four 
miles  to  the  south.  The  product  can  be 
had  for  S5  per  ton.  However,  no  coal 
is  used  in  the  present  mining  work,  wood 
fuel  serving  to  generate  all  necessary 
power,  as  little  or  no  hoisting  or  pumping 
is  required  in  the  mines. 


Burning  Reverberatory  Ash  at  the 
Steptoe    Plant 


By  Lindsay  Duncan* 


In  the  spring  of  1908  when  the  Step- 
toe  plant  of  the  Nevada  Consolidated 
Copper  Company  was  first  put  in  service, 
I  made  an  attempt  to  utilize  the  ash  from 
the  reverberatory  furnaces  for  steam 
making  under  the  power-house  boilers. 
That  the  ash  possessed  a  thermal  value 
was  indicated  by  the  analysis,  an  average 
one  being  as  follows:  Fixed  carbon,  68.9 
per  cent.;  volatile  carbon,  5.9  per  cent.; 
ash,  19.2  per  cent.;  moisture,  6  per  cent. 
This  represents  11,400  B.t.u.  per  lb.,  a 
value  as  high  as  many  of  the  western 
lignite  coals  regularly  used  for  steam 
making,  and  it  theoretically  should  give 
an  evaporation  of  about  nine  pounds  of 
water  from  and  at  212  deg.  F.  per  pound 
of  fuel.  While  not  able  to  attain  so  high 
an  evaporation  yet  the  trial  was  a  com- 
mercial success  and  reduced  the  coal 
consumption  by  350  tons  per  month.  In 
the  power  house  there  are  eight  400- 
h.p.  Babcock  &  Wilcox  water-tube  boil- 
ers equipped  with  American  stokers, 
Dutch  ovens,  superheaters,  economizers 
and  induced,  and  forced  draft,  a  thor- 
oughly modern  steam  plant,  in  which  an 
actual  evaporation  (including  100  de- 
grees of  superheat)  of  SH  lb.  of  water 
per  lb.  of  coal  was  regularly  obtained. 

Characteristics  of  the  Reverberatory 
Ash 

Externally  the  ash  has  the  appearance 
of  imperfectly  burned  coke  and  in  firing 
developed  many  of  the  characteristics  of 
a  high-ash  pea  anthracite.  Reverberatory 
ash  is  not  by  any  means  an  ideal  fuel  and 
has  several  disadvantages  among  them 
the  following:  (1)  It  reduces  the  steam- 
ing capacity  of  a  boiler  fully  40  per  cent, 
and  thus  excludes  its  use  from  places  in 
which  the  boiler  plant  is  run  close  to  its 
rating;  (2)  it  clinkers  badly,  fires  have 
to  be  cleaned  from  four  to  eight  times 
per  shift;  (3)  it  does  not  respond  read- 
ily to  forcing,  so  that  a  drop  in  steam 
pressure  necessitates  using  coal  instead 
of   ash;    (4)   about    50    per    cent,    more 

•MPclinnlpal  engineer,  Steptoe  Valley  Smelt- 
ing and  .Mliilns  Compnn.v.  Mcfilll.   Nev. 


labor  is  required  in  the  firing  than  if  coal 
is  burned. 

I  might  mention  in  passing  that  our 
attempts  to  use  ash  on  locomotives  and 
steam  shovels  were  unsuccessful  due 
principally  to  the  clinkering  and  to  the 
reduction  of  steaming  capacity.  The  ash 
burns  with  a  short  blue  flame,  gives  off  no 
smoke,  and  we  soon  discovered  that 
forced  draft  was  absolutely  essential 
to  rapid  combustion.  In  practice  the  best 
results  were  obtained  by  light  and  fre- 
quent firing,  spreading  but  not  slicing  the 
fire. 

Work  in  Boiler  Room 

The  boiler-room  employees  are  di- 
vided into  three  shifts  consisting  of 
a  foreman,  who  also  acts  as  water 
tender,  three  firemen  and  two  ash 
and  coal  passers.  Each  fireman  has 
a  battery  of  two  boilers  to  look 
after  and  the  usual  procedure  is  for  him 
to  put  three  scoops  of  ash  in  each  of  the 
four  side  doors,  six  scoops  of  ash  in 
each  of  the  two  center  doors,  wipe  the 
perspiration  from  his  brow  and  start  to 
fire  at  the  side  doors  again.  In  cleaning 
fires  the  two  coal  passers  assist  succes- 
sively the  three  fiiemen  to  remove  and 
wet  down  the  clinker.  The  firemen  and 
coal  passers  are  Greeks  receiving  $2  per 
day  and  the  water  tender  is  an  American 
rated  at  S3.  In  addition  to  the  labor  men- 
tioned there  were  two  Greeks  employed 
cleaning  boilers,  filters,  economizers, 
blowing  flues,  etc.  There  is  also  a  boiler- 
room  foreman  over  all  three  shifts  who  is 
responsible  for  the  upkeep  of  the  boiler 
plant,  and  for  its  efficient  operation. 

Test  Run  Gave  5.03  Pounds  Actual 
Evaporation 

After  the  crew  became  proficient  in 
handling  this  material  1  isolated  a  bat- 
tery and  ran  a  test  to  determine  the  evap- 
oration actually  obtained,  the  data  con- 
cerning which  are  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying table. 

STEPTOE   PLANT  BOILER  TEST. 

Boilers,  2-400-h.p.  Babcock  &  Wilcox. 

Boiler  grate  surface,  per  boiler 24  ."sti.tt. 

.\verage  steam  pressure.  lb 1.5.5.5 

Averagestearn  temperature,  degrees  F.  466 

Average  superheat.  (leg.  F 99.5 

.\verage  temperature  feed  water,  deg. 

F 200,2 

Draft  at  base  of  stack,  in.  water 0.90 

Draft  at  bridge  wall.  in.  water 0.39 

Forced  draft  pressure,  in.  water 2. 10 

The  fuel  was  weighed  over  platform 
scales  before  firing  and  suction  of  the 
feed  pump  connected  to  an  open  steel 
tank  which  was  alternately  filled  and 
partially  emptied,  the  depth  be<ng -taken 
with  a  hook  gage.  The  tank  was  cylin- 
drical and  calibrated  for  this  test. 

The  test  ran  for  four  hours  during 
which  57,241  lb.  of  water  were  evapor- 
ated with  11,385  lb.  of  fuel,  which  gives 
an  actual  evaporation  of  5.03  lb.  water 
per  lb.  fuel,  or  5.84  lb.  water  from  and 
at  212  degrees.  This  is  not  as  high  a  ra- 
tio as  might  be  anticipated  from  the 
fuel  analysis  and  it  is  probable  that  the 


reduction  is  due  to  the  frequent  opening 
of  the  doors  for  firing  and  cleaning.  The 
American  stokers  which  had  proven  sat- 
isfactory in  burning  slack  coal  did  not 
give  good  results  with  ash  so  that  after 
experimenting  for  some  time  hand  firing 
was  adopted. 

Cost  Distribution 

The  practice  at  this  plant  is  to  give 
the  reverberatories  credit  for  ash  burned 
based  on  the  value  of  equivalent  coal  i.e.,  f 
60  per  cent,  of  the  dry  weight  of  the  ash. 
A  similar  credit  is  also  given  for  the 
steam  received  from  the  waste-heat  boil- 
ers at  the  reverberatory.  In  deriving  the 
latter  credit  the  feed  water  is  measured, 
a  deduction  made  for  blow  off,  then  10 
per  cent,  is  deducted  to  allow  for  con- 
densation, line  loss,  irregularity  of  serv- 
ice, etc.  The  value  of  the  amount  of 
coal  required  to  evaporate  the  quantity 
of  feed  water  remaining  after  these  de- 
ductions have  been  made  is  credited  to 
the  reverberatories.  These  two  credits 
aggregate  in  the  neighborhood  of  S15,000 
per  month  and  comprise  about  one-half 
of  the  total  operating  costs  of  the 
power  house.  « 


A  Di 


isease 


of  Ti 


in 


This  is  the  name  given  by  Ernest 
Cohen,  of  Paris,  to  a  peculiar  allotropic 
transformation  of  tin.  The  following  ac-  _ 
count  is  abridged  from  La  Technique  * 
Moderne.  The  first  clear  case  of  the  dis- 
ease occurred  in  a  lot  of  Straits  tin 
stored  in  a  Russian  custom  house  dur- 
ing the  winter  of  1868.  When  it  was 
time  to  remove  it,  it  had  fallen  into 
powder.  This  was  attributed  to  the  in- 
tense cold  of  that  winter,  the  phenomenon 
afterward  being  reproduced  by  artificial 
refrigeration. 

According  to  Cohen's  researches,  at  the 
temperature  of  64  deg.  F.,  there  is  a 
change  from  "white"  to  "gray"  tin, 
which  goes  on  with  increasing  veloc- 
ity until  a  maximum  is  reached  at  — -40 
deg.  F.  after  which  the  velocity  decreases, 
the  change  ceasing  at —  172  deg.  F.  The 
first  symptoms  are  small  swellings  like  |b 
warts  or  grains,  the  trouble  beginning  at  { 
isolated  places,  but  quickly  spreading 
from  point  to  point,  the  tin  changes  from 
white  to  gray,  it  crumbles  to  powder, 
and  undergoes  partial  oxidation,  the  vol- 
ume increasing  somewhat. 

In  the  early  stages  the  reaction  is 
reversible,  in  the  later  stages  it  is  not, 
and  the  powdered  gray  tin  has  the  prop- 
erty of  infecting  good  white  tin.  Con- 
sequently, if  any  objects  are  attacked 
they  should  be  removed  from  the  neigh- 
borhood of  uninfected  pieces,  and  it  is 
recommended  that  the  temperature  of 
cases  in  museums  which  contain  tin  ob- 
jects should  not  fall  below  68  deg.  F. 
at  anv  time. 


December  31,    1910. 


THE  i:ngineering  and  mining  journal 


1303 


Shafter  Silver  District,  Presidio  County,  Texas 

Mines  Operated   25   Years.      No  Deep  Levels  Opened.      Silver  Occurs 
Chiefly    as    Chloride,    Confined    to    Limestone    of    Carboniferous    Age 


BY        WILLIAM 


B. 


PHILLIPS* 


In  the  southern  part  of  Presidio 
county,  Texas,  about  150  miles  southeast 
ot  El  Paso,  there  is  a  silver  mine  which 
has  been  in  successful  operation  for 
more  than  25  years.  It  has  produced  over 
S7,000,000  in  silver  and  has  paid  $800,- 
000  in  dividends.  Tl.j  average  value  of 
the  ore  has  been  about  $15  per  ton  in 
silver,  chiefly  as  chloride  (hornsilver), 
a  little  sulphide  of  silver,  and  rarely, 
thin  sheets  of  native  silver.  Associated 
with  the  hornsilver  and  occurring  in  more 
or  less  isolated  patches  and  bunches  is 
a  galena  which  carries  silver,  picked 
samples  having  shown  as  much  as  2300 
oz.  per  ton.  A  little  gold  is  found,  but  as 
the  total  production  of  this  metal  in 
Texas  during  the  last  25  years  is  less 
than  $40,000,  the  gold  is  not  a  source  of 
much   profit. 

The  Shafter  Silver   District 

The  Shafter  silver  district  is  45  miles 
from  Marfa  on  the  Southern  Pacific  rail- 


Geolocical   Features 

The  Cieneguita  beds,  which  are  the 
lowest  of  the  Carboniferous  sediments, 
are  dark  shales,  heavy  lenticular  masses 
of  mortar  rocks,  conglomerates,  dark 
limestones  and  mixtures  of  these  mate- 
rials. They  attain  a  thickness  of  1000 
feet. 

The  greater  part  of  the  division  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  shafts  in  which  granite 
boulders  are  sometimes  found  imbedded. 
Above  these  beds  are  the  Alta  beds  of 
dark  shales  and  yellow  sandstones,  the 
latter  of  fine  texture.  The  Alta  shale 
beds  have  a  thickness  of  2000  ft.  and  the 
yellow  sandstone  1500  ft.,  making  a  total 
of  3500  ft.  for  the  division. 

Above  the  Alta  beds  are  five  divisions 
of  the  Cibolo  beds,  in  ascending  order: 
The  transition  beds,  100  ft.;  lower 
brecciated  zone,  133;  zone  of  sponge 
spicules,  85;  thin-bedded  zone,  470;  and 
yellow  limestone,  650;  total  thickness  of 
the  Cibolo  beds  1438  feet. 


ARUANCEMENT  OF   KOCK.S  IN   SIIAETF.K    MININC   DISTUICT.     (.1.  A.  Uddf.n.I 


Group. 

System. 

.Series. 

Formation. 

Pleistocene 

Land  and  stream  drift. 

Tertiary 

Late  tertiary 

Early  tcrti:iry. 

Deep  inlrnsivps. 

Cretaceous 

Lower  cretaceous. 

Unila  liTiipstoiie  (?) 
Del  Din  clay  (?). 
Edwards  limestone: 

shafter  beds. 
I'rc.-cidio  bed>i. 

Paleozoic 

Permian  (?)  and 
carboniferous. 

Chinati 

rihilo  l)eds  (14:iSft.) 
Alia  beds  (H.WO  ft.) 
-'ii'neKuita   beds   (1000 
tl.) 

way,  and  about  20  miles  from  the  Rio 
Grande,  at  Presidio  del  Norte.  It  is 
reached  by  daily  automobile  line  from 
Marfa. 

The  business  of  the  camp  centers 
around  the  Mttle  town  of  Shafter, 
where  plenty  of  shade,  good  wafer,  elec- 
tric light,  etc.,  render  life  in  that  com- 
paratively arid  region  unusuallv  nleas- 
aBt.  The  elevation  of  the  district  is 
about  4000  feet. 

Ti.e  geology  of  the  immediate  sec- 
tion was  worked  out  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Udden, 
for  the  University  of  Texas  mineral  sur- 
vey, and  the  results  of  his  investigations 
were  published  in  BulL  No.  8  nf  that 
survey,  June,  1904. 

In  that  pubUcation  Dr.  Udden  gave  the 
accompanying  table  of  the  general  ar- 
rangement  of   the    rocks   in   the    district. 


•nirpctor  of  the  nnrenn   of  Economic  (!eo- 
logy,  T'nlversity  nf  Texas.   Austin.  Texas. 


With  regard  to  the  yellow  limestone. 
Doctor  Udden  remarks  that  it  may  prove 
to  be  Permian.  The  orebodies  are,  for 
the  most  part,  confined  to  the  Carboni- 
ferous limestone,  the  age  of  which  ap- 
pears to  be  the  same  as  the  limestone 
of  the  Santa  Eulalia  and  the  Sierra  Mo- 
jada  districts,  in  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  both 
silver-lead   producers. 

In  the  700-ft.  shaft  of  the  Presidio 
mining  company  the  base  of  the  Creta- 
ceous was  reached  at  a  depth  of  442  ft. 
Below  this  point  the  Cibolo  limestone 
was  penetrated  more  than  200  ft.  The 
ore-bearing  limestones  e^fond  to  the  sur- 
face south  of  this  shaft  and  ore  is  mined 
at  the  grnss  roots.  It  was  not  necessary 
to  sink  3  700-ff.  shaft  in  order  to  reach 
the  ore.  The  greater  part  of  the  400,000 
tons  of  ore  removed  has  come  from 
above  the  2S0-ft.  level  and  there  still 
remains  a  quantity  of  second-grade  ore 


above  the  60-ft.  level,  on  the  adjoining 
property.  Not  much  ore  has  been  re- 
moved below  the  500-ft.  level,  although 
it  is  known  that  the  "chambers"  extend 
considerably  below  this  level.  The  ore 
may  be  said  to  be  confined  to  the  Cibolo 
limestones,  whether  upper  Carboniferous 
or  Permian,  and  the  same  formation  car- 
ries silver-lead  ore  near  Altuda,  Brews- 
ter county,  Texas,  100  miles  northeast  of 
Shafter. 

Mineral    Deposits   at   Shafter 

Doctor  Udden  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
mineral  deposits  of  the  district  are  lim- 
ited to  the  older  sediments  and  to  the 
deep  intrusives,  and  that  the  Cretacious 
rocks  and  the  later  intrusives  have  not 
shared,  to  much  extent,  in  the  mineral- 
izing processes.  A  considerable  ac- 
quaintance with  the  di£l"ict  and  especially 
the  information  gained  during  a  recent 
examination  of  ore  of  the  principal  prop- 
erties enables  me  to  confirm  this  opinion. 
To  what  extent  the  deeper  intrusives  have 
affected  the  mineralization  of  the  older 
sediments,  especially  those  that  lie  above 
the  Alta  beds,  is  not  yet  known.  It  is 
a  fact  that  the  upper  1400  ft.  of  the 
Chinati  series  and  partieularly  the  last 
650  ft.  show  a  more  extensive  and  in- 
tensive mineralization  than  any  other 
portion.  There  is  no  sudden  change  with 
respect  to  the  content  of  the  orebodies 
that  pass  from  the  uppermost  yellow 
limestone  (650  -ft.  thick)  into  the  under- 
lying beds,  but  there  does  seem  to  be  a 
tendency  toward  a  restriction  of  size 
in  the  chambers  which  carry  the  ore. 
This  may  be  due,  in  part,  to  the  reduced 
capacity  of  water,  already  charged  with 
carbonate  of  lime,  to  act  upon  fresh 
material. 

Dikes  and  intrusive  sheets  in  the  dis- 
trict are  of  frequent  occurrence,  the 
strike  of  which  is  subject  to  considerable 
variation,  from  nearly  east  and  west  to 
north  26  dcg.  west.  Some  of  these  dikes 
are  thoro'inhly  disintegrated  at  dcrtb,'^  nf 
400  to  500  ft.  They  are  mostly  porphy- 
ritic  and  carry  both  silver  chloride  and 
n?tive  silver,  the  latter  as  thin  sheets  and 
of  rare  occurrence.  On  the  porphyry, 
which  has  not  been  entirely  altered  to 
clay,  are  sometimes  seen  spots  of  silver 
sulphide  with  dendritic  forms  of  mangan- 
ese nxic". 

Carbonate  of  lead  fcerussife)  is  seen 
as  small  groups  of  radiating  crystals  as- 
sociated with  the  galena  that  has  becnn 
to   change.      A    little    carbonate    of   zinc 


1304 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


Decembt.  31,  1910. 


may  also  be  observed  but  not  often.  The 
ore  is  almost  entirely  free  from  zinc,  but 
two  miles  to  the  west  there  are  large 
deposits  of  zinc  ore  ("dry  bone").  Zinc 
has  in  no  case  interfered  with  the  treat- 
ment of  the  Shaffer  ore  by  pan  amalga- 
mation and  is  not  likely  to  be  a  factor 
in  cyaniding  the  low-grade  ores  unsuit- 
able for  amalgamation. 

Ore  Occurs  in  Pockets 

The  silver-lead  ores  of  the  Shafter  dis- 
trict occur  in  pockets  in  the  limestone. 
Some  of  these  have  afforded  large  quan- 
tities of  ore  and  mining  has  been  carried 
on  in  them  for  months  at  a  time.  The 
walls  stand  well  and  little  or  no  tim- 
bering is  required,  except  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  clay  seam.  It  is  not  unusual  in 
tsking  out  all  of  the  ore  to  leave  cham- 
bers that  are  from  50  to  75  ft.  high  and 
500  to  1000  ft.  long.  One  such  pocket 
has  been  followed  2500  ft.,  10  to  40  ft. 
in  width  between  walls,  from  near  the 
surface  to  the  250-ft.  level. 

These  pockets  are  frequently  connected 


the  top  layer  of  limestone,  is  ore-bearing, 
the  average  silver  content  being  about 
20  oz.  There  is  still  a  considerable 
amount  of  material  carrying  nearly  30 
cz.  in  silver,  with  about  2  per  cent, 
of  lead.  At  this  place  the  ore  could  be 
taken  out  to  a  depth  of  60  ft.  in  open- 
cut  and  quarry  work,  the  ma.ximum  over- 
burden not  exceeding  20  feet. 

The  Mina  Grande  orebody  dips  to  the 
south  and  west  at  an  angle  of  about  35 
deg.  and  on  the  one  side  there  is 
a  fault  marked  by  a  clay  filling 
from  4  to  6  ft.  in  width.  In  places 
this  filling  carries  a  little  hornsilver,  but 
as  a  rule  it  is  barren.  This  orebody  is 
developed  on  the  140-ft.  level,  but  it  has 
not  been  worked  to  much  extent  below 
this  point.  Associated  with  the  silicious 
limestone,  which  is  really  the  ore  pro- 
per, there  is  much  dark  quartz  carrying 
hornsilver  and  sulphide  of  silver.  Where 
the  ore  is  richer  it  is  a  red-brown  and 
is  more  or  less  friable,  the  associated 
quartz  being  distinctly  cellular  with  thin 
walls. 


silver  and  is  worth  saving.  The  bright, 
clean  and  crystallized  galena  appears  to 
carry  less  silver  than  the  dull  gray  and 
finely  crystallized  variety.  Where  the 
galena  has  suffered  partial  alteration  in- 
to the  carbonate  it  is  apt  to  be  much 
richer  in  silver  than  elsewhere.  But  this 
change  is  likely  to  cause  more  slimes  and 
"3  greater  loss  in  ordinary  concentration. 
In  any  event,  due  attention  should  be 
given  to  saving  the  galena  for  it  usually 
shows  a  higher  silver  content  than 
■the  material  which  carries  merely 
the  hornsilver.  Any  new  mill  built  in  the 
district  should  be  designed  and  equipped 
so  as  to  remove  the  galena  as  closely 
as  possible. 

Thirty   Miles  of   Underground 
Workings 

During  the  last  28  years  it  is  likely 
that  the  total  amount  of  underground 
work  in  the  Shafter  district  has  exceeded 
30  miles.  Nearly  all  of  this  is  above 
the  250-ft.  level,  so  that  the  deeper 
ore  has  scarcely  been  touched,  i.  e.,  the 


Mill  of  the  Presidio  Mining  Company,  Shafter. 
Trv. 


Mina  Grande  Open  Pit  of  the  Presidio  Co.mpany  at 
Shafter,  Tex. 


with  each  other,  so  that  the  underground 
workings  are  irregular.  The  leads  from 
one  chamber  to  another  are  not  always 
orebearing.  At  times  they  are  indistinct 
yet  easily  recognized  by  the  experienced 
miner. 

The  regularity  with  which  certain  types 
of  ore  veins  and  especially  coal  veins 
can  be  laid  off  and  worked  is  not  to  be 
observed  here.  Instead,  we  have  great 
caverns  in  the  limestone  varying  in  shape 
and  size.  A  good  deal  of  the  ore  has 
been  removed  from  excavations  prac- 
tically at  the  surface. 

The  Mina  Grande  Orebody 

The  accompanying  photograph  will 
show,  in  an  excellent  manner,  the  nature 
of  such  work.  This  opencut  is  known 
as  the  Mina  Grande  and  is  partly  on  sec- 
tion 5  and  partly  on  section  8,  block  8.  It  is 
about  175  ft.  long  and  varies  from  16  to 
50  ft.  wide,  and  35  ft.  deep.  All  of  the 
material  in  sight,  with  the  exception  of 


The  line  of  demarcation  between  the 
ore  and  the  limestone  is  distinct,  even 
in  the  largest  chambers,  so  that  it  is 
possible  to  mine  the  ore  clean.  It  has 
been  the  custom  to  sack  the  highest  class 
of  ore  and  send  it  direct  to  the  El  Paso 
smeltery,  but  the  revenue  from  this 
source  probably  has  not  exceeded  S40,000 
in  all.  Unless  such  material  is  excep- 
tionallv  rich  in  silver  it  would  pay  better 
to  send  it  to  the  mill. 

Milling  Methods 

The  method  of  treating  the  ore  is  by 
stamp  mill  and  pan  amalgamation  with 
sulphate  of  copper,  salt  and  quicksilver — 
the  modernized  patio  process.  Until 
within  the  last  few  years  no  attempt  was 
made  to  save  the  lead,  although  it  was 
known  to  carry  silver.  A  private  enter- 
prise established  two  Wilfley  tables  be- 
low the  mill  and  the  results  have  been 
satisfactory.  As  has  been  already  re- 
marked, some   of  the   galena   is  rich   in 


ore  that  follows  the  southeast  dip  of  the 
inclosing  limestone.  What  this  will  prove 
to  be  is  not  known,  but  it  is  probable 
that  it  will  be  somewhat  better  than  the 
ere  nearer  the  surface  although  possibly 
not  so  easily  treated. 

The  deepest  shaft,  700  ft.,  is  entirely 
dry  although  it  is  300  ft.  below  the  level 
of  Cibolo  creek.  No  water  has  been  en- 
countered in  any  of  the  workings,  but  in 
places,  the  clay  seams  are  moist.  The 
dryness  of  the  ground  is  attributed  to 
the  sound  condition  of  the  walls,  and 
were  it  not  for  this  the  mining  costs 
would  be  much  higher  than  they  are. 
There  are  not  many  places  where.  S15 
silver  ore  has  yielded  steady  profits  for 
25  years  and  where  the  outlook  for  the 
future  is  so  encouraging. 

Supply  of  Wood,  Water  and  Labor 

With  hauling  distance,  nearly  all  of 
the  original  wood  has  been  cut  and  used, 
so   that   for  several   years   the    fuel   has 


December  31,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1305 


been  crude  oil  hauled  45  miles,  in  tank 
wagons,  from  the  railroad.  In  the 
Chinati  mountains  there  is  still  good 
timber  but  almost  inaccessible.  A  little 
wood  is  still  brought  in  from  places  along 
the  Rio  Grande  and  one  persistent  Mex- 
ican is  freigiiting  it  50  miles  at  SO  per 
cord.    He  is  not  getting  rich. 

Cibolo  creek  affords  abundant  water 
from  Shafter  toward  the  upper  springs, 
but  ceases  to  flow  above  ground  below 
the  town.  The  water  is  good  enough  for 
all  ordinary  purposes  and  is  also  used 
for  drinking,  although  most  of  the  white 
people  use  distilled  water  from  the  con- 
densers at  the  boilers.  The  Mexicans 
are  not  so  particular.  Now  and  then 
there  is  a  little  typhoid  fever  in  the  set- 
tlement, but,  on  the  whole,  health  condi- 
tions are  good. 

Wages  vary  from  SI. 25  per  day  for 
Mexicans  to  S3  per  day  for  white  miners, 
but  the  Mexican  at  $1.25  does  as  much 
and  as  good  work  as  his  American  rival. 

Pan  Amalgamation  vs.  Cyaniding 

Whatever  may  be  the  reserves  of  ore 
suitable  for  pan  amalgamation  (and  I 
by  no  means  disparage  them),  it  seems 
to  me  that  the  future  of  the  district  will 
depend  on  the  successful  cyaniding  of 
ore  that  carries  from  SIO  to  S12  in  silver. 
There  is  a  large  amount  of  such  material 
remaining  in  the  old  workings  and  more 
may  be  found  by  systematic  prospecting 
in  new  ground.  Ore  that  carries  SI2 
leaves  a.  narrow  margin  for  profits  by 
amalgamation,  but  should  be  well 
adapted  to  cyaniding.  It  is  understood, 
although  I  have  not  seen  the  report,  that 
cyanide  experiments  on  a  considerable 
scale  showed  an  extraction  of  over  90 
per  cent,  of  the  fire  assay,  using  pulp 
that  passed  a  30-mesh  screen.  If  this 
be  true,  and  I  have  reason  to  believe  that 
it  is,  the  Shafter  district  presents  an  un- 
usual opportunity  for  profitable  silver 
mining  for  many  years. 


Some    Advantages    of    Mine  Tele- 
phones 

Not  only  because  of  the  protection  it 
affords  to  lives  and  property  but  as  the 
means  of  placing  the  mining  business  on 
a  more  systematic  basis,  the  telephone 
system,  reaching  every  Important  part 
of  the  mine  and  placing  the  most  re- 
mote shaft  or  gallary  in  instant  touch 
with  every  other  important  point,  is  be- 
coming an  indispensable  feature  of  mine 
equipment. 

Before  the  days  of  mine  telephones  a 
group  of  miners  working  in  one  room 
knew  that  the  foreman  would  be  around 
and  visit  them  during  the  course  of  the 
day.  Now  each  miner  knows  that  his 
boss  is  likely  to  call  on  any  man  at  any 
time   during   working   hours.     Whenever 


a  telephone  call  comes  the  miner  must 
be  ready  to  go  and  speak  to  his  superior. 
This  means  of  direct  personal  communi- 
cation brings  the  foreman  and  his  men 
closer  together. 

A  few  weeks  after  a  telephone  system- 
had  been  installed  in  one  mine  in  the 
Pittsburg  district  the  telephone  was  in- 
strumental in  checking  a  serious  under- 
ground fire.  An  employee  detected  the 
smell  of  smoke  and,  running  to  the 
nearest  telephone,  informed  the  private 
branch-exchange  operator  at  work  in  a 
building  near  the  mouth  of  the  mine. 
The  operator  called  each  telephone  in 
the  shafts  and  men  were  sent  out  from 
all  points  to  search  for  the  blaze.  At  the 
same  time  the  superintendent,  who  was 
"t  his  home,  was  notified  by  telephone. 
In  this  way  the  fire  was  reached  and 
extinguished  through  the  timely  warning 
given  over  the  telephone.  In  another 
mine  a  worker  fell  beneath  an  electric 
locomotive  and  was  badly  hurt.  Word  was 
at  once  sent  to  a  surgeon,  who  was  wait- 
ing at  the  entrance  to  the  shaft  when  the 
car  arrived  bearing  the  injured  man.  In 
this  case  the  telephone  probably  saved  a 
life. 


Social  Conditions  among  Iron  and 
Steel  Employees 

Washington   Correspondence 


Among  the  activities  of  the  United 
States  Immigration  Bureau  has  been  an 
investigation  into  the  conditions  of  the 
workers  in  the  iron  and  steel  trades. 
The  report  giving  the  results  of  this 
labor  has  just  been  published,  from 
which  the  following  information  is  taken. 

About  58  Per  Cent,  of  Steel  Em- 
ployees OF  Foreign  Birth 

Iron  and  steel  manufacturing  in  all  its 
aspects  was  studied  in  the  territory  east 
of  the  Mississippi  river.  Detailed  in- 
formation was  received  for  86,089  em- 
ployees of  the  industry,  and  an  exhaus- 
tive study  was  made  of  2456  families,  the 
heads  of  which  were  employed  in  iron- 
and  steel-mnnufacturing  establishments. 
Of  the  total  number  of  employees  in  the 
industry  57.7  per  cent,  were  found  to  be 
of  foreign  birth,  the  principal  races  com- 
posing this  proportion  being  the  Slovak, 
Polish  and  Croatian  from  southern  and 
eastern  Europe,  and  the  German,  Irish 
and  English  from  western  and  northern 
Europe.  Of  the  native-born  iron  and 
steel  workers  28.8  per  cent,  were  native 
Americans  and  13.4  per  cent  were  of 
native  hirth  but  foreign  father.  Of  the 
total  number  of  employees  of  foreign 
birth  only  8.6  per  cent,  had  been  em- 
ployed in  the  same  industry  abroad,  while 
64.4  per  cent,  had  been  farmers  or  farm 
laborers   in   their  native  countries.     The 


average  weekly  wage  of  employees  in 
the  industry  was  $14.35;  the  average 
annual  earnings  of  male  heads  of  fam- 
ilies was  S409;  and  the  average  annual 
family  income  S568.  The  average  an- 
nual earnings  of  all  employees  in  the 
industry  who  were  18  years  of  age  or 
over  was  only  S346. 

Family  Incomes 

As  regards  the  sources  of  family  in- 
come, it  was  found  that  40.5  per  cent, 
of  all  the  families  derived  their  income 
entirely  from  the  husband,  while  33.1  per 
cent,  composed  principally  of  southern 
and  eastern  Europeans,  secured  their  in- 
come from  earnings  of  husbands  and 
contributions  of  boarders  or  lodgers.  The 
families  whose  heads  were  native-born 
depended  more  largely  upon  contribu- 
tions of  children  than  those  the  heads  of 
which  were  born  abroad.  Of  the  total 
number  of  families,  7.8  per  cent,  were 
supported  by  the  earnings  of  husbands 
and  contribution  of  children. 

Of  foreign  born  families,  41.5  per  cent, 
supplemented  the  earnings  of  the  heads 
by  keeping  boarders  or  lodgers  as  con- 
trasted with  only  8.3  per  cent,  of  the 
families  the  heads  of  which  were  native- 
born.  This  practice  led  to  a  high  de- 
gree of  congestion  within  the  households 
the  heads  of  which  were  foreign-born. 
The  average  number  of  persons  per  room 
in  such  households  was  1.76  as  compared 
with  0.93  persons  among  the  families 
the  heads  of  which  were  of  native  birth; 
and  the  average  number  of  persons  per 
sleeping  room  in  foreign-born  house- 
holds was  2.89  as  contrasted  with  1.96 
ir  the  native-born  households.  The 
average  rent  per  capita  in  foreign-born 
households  was  only  SI. 14,  while  that  in 
native-born  households  was  SI. 71.  Of 
the  total  number  of  foreign-born  house- 
holds, 14.7  per  cent,  used  all  rooms  to 
sleep  in,  as  against  only  3.8  per  cent. 
of  the  households  the  heads  of  which 
were  native-born.  Of  the  native-born  em- 
ployees 20  years  of  age  or  over,  64.6 
per  cent,  were  married,  and  of  the  total 
foreign-born  67.2  per  cent.  Of  the 
foreign  born  employees,  84.2  per  cent, 
were  able  to  read  and  82.3  per  cent,  could 
both  read  and  write.  Of  the  employees 
of  foreign  birth  who  were  of  non-Eng- 
lish-speaking races  only  51.8  per  cent, 
were  able  to  speak  English. 

Few   Belong   to   Labor   Organizations 

The  tendency  toward  acquiring  citizen- 
ship among  the  wage-earners  of  foreign 
birth  was  small,  only  32  per  cent,  being 
naturalized  and  11.4  per  cent,  having 
taken  out  first  papers.  Of  t'le  families 
the  heads  of  which  were  foreign-borii 
20.5  per  cent,  owned  their  own  homes,  as 
compared  with  15.1  per  cent,  of  those  the 
heads  of  which  were  native-born.  Only 
1.5  per  cent,  of  foreign-born  and  3.6  per 
cent,  of  native-born  employees  were 
members  of  labor  organizations. 


1306 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


Opening  of  the  Chitina  Copper  Belt  in  Alaska 

A    Richly    Mineralized  Region  Now  Touched  by  the  Copper  River 
Railroad;  Copper,  Free  Gold  and  Auriferous  Stibnite  So  Far  Discovered 


B  Y 


DENIS         DONOHOE* 


The  successful  piercing  by  the  Copper 
River  railway  of  the  Chugach  range,  a 
chain  of  lofty,  glaciated,  serrated  moun- 
tains that  fringe  the  southern  coast  of 
Alaska,  has  ser\'ed  to  direct  attention  to 
the  newest,  save  one  (Katanga),  of  the 
prospective  copperfields. 

On  Sept.  24.  1910,  the  first  train  was 
run  over  the  railroad  to  the  new  town  of 
Chitina,  which  lies  in  the  southern  ex- 
tremity of  the  Copper  River  valley,  at  the 
confluence  of  that  stream  with  the  Chitina 
river;  well  within  the  mountain  wall  and 
at  the  very  threshold  of  the  Kotsina- 
Chitina  copper  belt.  Travel  from  Cor- 
dova over  this  section  of  the  railroad  has 
been  continued  uninterruptedly  ever  since. 
In  December,  the  Kuskalana  was  spanned 
"by  a  steel  bridge  250  ft.  high  and  the 
railroad  was  extended  to  a  point  about 


transportation  from  the  coast  to  the  in- 
terior under  the  most  favorable  circum- 
stances and  37c.  per  lb.  in  1908,  when  the 
trail  and  climatic  conditions  were  at  their 
worst  and  the  mortality  among  the  horses 
was  great.  In  view  of  the  manifold  dif- 
ficulties and  great  expense  under  which 
operations  have  been  carried  on  in  the 
past,  it  will  probably  not  be  a  subject  for 
surprise  to  mining  men  when  it  is  stated 
that  the  total  of  all  the  covered  work  in 
the  copper  belt,  i.e.,  tunnels  and  shafts, 
does  not  exceed  9000  feet. 

The   Kotsina   Belt 

The  Kotsina-Chitina  copper  belt,  as  it 
is  termed  in  the  reports  of  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  is  a  tract  of  mountain- 
ous country,  embracing  the  watersheds 
of    the     Kotsina,     Kuskalana,     Gilhena, 


appeared,  and  throughout  its  entire  ex- 
tent the  contact  has  been  cut  here  and 
there  by  glaciers;  thereby  exposing  in 
section  certain  metamorphic  contact  veins 
and  deposits  to  a  considerable  vertical 
depth  below  their  apices  near  the  sum- 
mits of  the  mountain  range  containing 
them. 

Copper  Indications  Present  along 
Entire    Contact 

It  is  a  fact  that  there  is  not  a  space 
of  two  miles  anywhere  along  this  con- 
tact, where  the  same  is  exposed  and  not 
obscured  by  vegetation  or  the  detritus 
from  the  limestone  crags  above,  that  does 
not  exhibit  surface  indications  of  the 
presence  of  copper.  Mr.ny  of  these  out- 
crops, doubtless,  are  of  little  present  or 
future   economic   importance;    but   there 


Liaiestone-Greenstone  Contact  at  Back  of  Icy  Lake  and  on  Kennicott  Gl.acier 


15  miles  east  of  Copper  river.  As  grad- 
ing is  completed  to  the  Bonanza  mine, 
the  objective  point,  the  railroad  should 
be  finished  by  February. 

Freight  Formerly  10  to  40  Cents  per 
Pound 
Precisely  how  important  the  comple- 
tion of  the  railroad  is  to  the  future  de- 
velopment of  this  new  copperfield  may 
te  deduced  from  the  fact  that  all  sup- 
plies, including  powder  and  horse  feed, 
hauled  on  horse  sleds  in  winter  from 
Valdez  into  the  copper  country,  have  cost 
operators  and  prospectors  in  past  years 
from  10  to  40c.  per  lb.  for  a  200-mile 
haul.  By  reference  to  my  account  books 
for  the  last  five  years  I  find  that  freight, 
thus  transported,  has  cost  9.3c.  per  lb.  for 


•Vlcn-presldent.  Blackburn  ^^lncs  Compan.v, 
2  Rector  street,  New  York. 


Strelna,  Lakina,  Nizina,  Kennicott,  Chiti- 
stone  and  Chitina  rivers,  with  their  tribu- 
tary streams,  notably.  Nugget,  Rock, 
Roaring,  Kluvesna,  Elliott,  Dan,  Chititu, 
Young,  Glacier  and  Canon  creeks,  etc., 
situated  in  the  central  portion  of  south- 
ern Alaska,  about  125  miles  north  of  the 
Pacific  ocean.  Roughly  speaking,  this 
tract  of  territory  containing  the  known 
copper  deposits  is  115  miles  long,  with 
a  mean  width  of  about  five  miles,  and  the 
copper  is  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  con- 
nected with  a  contact  of  Chitistone  lime- 
stone and  Nikolai  greenstone,  which  has 
its  beginning  in  the  vicinity  of  the  foot 
of  the  Chitina  glacier  and  extends  ia  a 
general  northwesterly  direction  to  Copper 
river.  In  the  western  extremity  of  this 
copper  belt  the  limestone  capping,  for  it 
is  generally  superimposed  upon  the 
greenstone,  has  been  eroded  and  has  dis- 


nre  others  of  a  far  different  character 
and  these  last  are  more  numerous 
than  a  mere  summer  visitor,  passing  rap- 
idly through  the  countr\',  for  the  most 
part  on  horseback  over  valley  trails, 
would  be  led  to  imagine.  They  may  be 
divided  broadly  into  two  classes,  viz., 
veins  and  replacement  bodies  in  the  lime- 
stone, and  contact-metamorphic  veins  and 
deposits  in  the  greenstone.  The  latter, 
where  the  glaciers  have  done  their  work 
of  denudation  thoroughly,  are,  in  nor.  a 
few  instances,  readily  traceable  for  a  con- 
siderable distance,  occasionally  for  sev- 
eral thousand  feet.  Since  the  average 
width  of  many  of  them,  as  far  as 
can  be  determined  from  a  few  super- 
ficial opencuts,  would  appear  to  ex- 
ceed 10  ft.,  the  characterization  of  the 
orebodies  along  this  contact  as  remark-  | 
able   would  appear  to  fall  well  within  the  j 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1307 


confines  of  strict  conservatism.  The  com- 
monest surface  ore  of  the  limestone  de- 
posits is  a  chalcocite  of  exceptional  pur- 
ity; while  bornite  and  chalcopyrite,  in 
the  order  named,  are  the  common  ores  of 
the  greenstone.  The  copper  carbonates 
are  not  of  frequent  occurrence,  save  as  a 
superficial  crust  upon  the  sulphide  ores. 

Prospecting  Limited  to  the  Green- 
stone Contact 

All  the  copper  deposits  within  the  belt, 
now  being  worked,  are  situated  at  alti- 
tudes ranging  from  3000  to  6500  ft.,  and 
until  this  year  little,  if  any,  prospecting 
had  been  done  away  from  the  limestone- 
greenstone  contact.  This  is  to  be  regret- 
ted, as  the  presence  of  contacts  of 
porphyry  and  shale,  granite  and  shale, 
ets.,  suggests  the  strong  possibility  of  the 
existence  of  workable  deposits  in  other 
horizons. 

Within  the  territorial  boundaries  of  the 
Kotsina-Chitina  copper  belt  about  200 
groups  of  copper  claims,  embracing  prob- 
ably about  4000  claims  had  been  located 
prior  to  January,  1910,  and  the  labors 
of  prospectors  during  the  current  year 
have  added  probably  200  claims  to  this 
total. 

guggenheims  only  own  one  group  of 
Claims  in  District 

In  view  of  the  misleading  statements 
containcu  in  sensational  magazines  and 
newspapers,  it  seems  but  simple  justice 
to  point  out  that  the  Guggenheims  own 
today  only  a  single  group  of  copper 
claims  in  this  vast  district,  viz.:  the  group 
generally  known  as  the  Bonanza  mine, 
which  comprises,  including  tributary  plac- 
ers, less  than  4000  acres  of  land.  The 
'  idea  that  there  is  any  effort  on  the  part  of 
the  Morgan-Guggenheim  syndicate  to  con- 
trol this  extensive  copper  belt,  save  inas- 
much as  their  railway  is  the  first  to  pene- 
trate it,  is  the  subject  of  mirth  in  every 
prospector's  cabin  and  in  every  opera- 
tor's camp  throughout  this  vast  district. 
Unlike  Butte  and  many  of  the  older 
camps  the  area  of  the  Kotsina-Chitina 
copper  belt  is  too  vast  for  such  a  con- 
solidation to  be  readily  effected  and  the 
financial  interests  already  represented  in 
the  belt  are  too  important  to  be  assimi- 
lated save  on  their  own  terms.  Capital 
affiliated  with  the  Calumet  &  Hecla 
entered  the  district  one  year  before  the 
Messrs.  Guggenheim  secured  the  control 
of  the  Bonanza  mine,  and  James  Phillips, 
Jr.,  prominently  identified  with  the  Ne- 
vada Consolidated  and  other  well  known 
copper  properties,  had  acquired  compre- 
hensive interests  in  the  field  before  the 
Guggenheims  entered  it.  and  indeed  be- 
fore the  preliminary  surveys  for  the  pres- 
ent railroad  were  begun.  Among  other 
capitalists  of  the  first  magnitude  that  are 
firmly  entrenched  in  the  new  copper  dis- 
trict may  be  mentioned  interests  affiliated 
with    the    Cape    Copper    Company,    and 


during  the  last  year  the  Cole-Ryan  syn- 
dicate was  represented  in  the  Chitina  cop- 
per belt.  In  fine,  the  idea  that  this  cop- 
per belt  is  to  be  a  one-company  proposi- 
tion would  seem  to  those  who  dwell 
therein  wholly  erroneous  and,  in  point  of 
fact,  more  than  65  per  cent,  of  the  exist- 
ing copper  claims  are  still  owned  by  their 
original  locators,  by  prospectors,  or  are 
controlled  by  small  local  capitalists,  i.e., 
the  trades-people  of  Valdez,  Cordova, 
and  other  outfitting  points  on  the  coast. 

During  the  last  summer  the  number  of 
mining  engineers  who  visited  the  copper 
belt  was  greater  than  ever  before  and 
their  reports  to  their  principals,  New 
York,  Boston,  Chicago,  and  European 
capitalists  are  said  to  have  been  uni- 
formly favorable. 

Bonanza  the  Only  Proved  Copper 
Mine 

At  the  beginning  of  the  current  year 
the  only  proved  mine  within  the  confines 
of  the  copper  belt  was  the  Bonanza  which 
has  recently  been  described  in  the  col- 
umns of  the  Journal.  During  the  last 
season  the  continuity  of  the  rich  surface 
deposits  of  the  Bonanza  mine  has  been 
proved  to  a  depth  of  approximately  400 
feet,  while  the  Great  Northern  Develop- 
m.ent  Company  has  uncovered  a  large 
deposit  of  8  per  cent,  ore  at  a  depth  of 
about  800  ft.  by  a  tunnel  550  ft.  long. 
The  Motherlode  Mining  Company  in  its 
main  working  tunnel  has  penetrated  for  a 
distance  of  more  than  30  ft.  into  a  re- 
placement body  of  rich  chalcocite,  and  the 
Blackburn  Mines  Company  on  one  of  its 
groups  adjacent  to  Kennicott  mountain 
has  also  encountered  a  similar  replace- 
ment body  and  has  shown  up  rich  ores  in 
several  large  metamorphic  contact  depos- 
its on  its  other  groups.  Exploration  by 
prospectors  during  the  past  summei  has 
served  to  extend  the  confines  of  the 
known  copper  belt  to  Canon  creek,  which 
is  distant  about  45  miles  in  a  southeast- 
erly direction  from  Kennicott,  the  pro- 
posed terminal  of  the  railway. 

Auriferous  Gravels  Being  Worked 
ON   Chititu   and  Dan   Creeks 

Within  the  confines  of  the  copper  belt 
there  are  two  creeks  containing  extensive 
deposits  of  auriferous  gravel  now  being 
worked,  viz.,  Chititu  creek  and  Dan 
creek,  and  their  product  this  year,  in- 
cluding that  of  their  tributaries,  has  ex- 
ceeded by  about  ,S20,000  the  gross  pro- 
duct of  any  recent  year.  For  several 
years  past  the  presence  of  nuggets  of 
stibnite  containing  free  gold,  occasionally 
an  ounce  of  gold  to  the  nugget,  has  been 
noticed  in  the  clean-ups  of  the  two  hy- 
draulic plants  working  on  Chititu  creek, 
and  placer  miners  shoveling  into  the 
boxes  on  Dan  creek  have  also  occasion- 
ally found  stibnite  associated  with  their 
gold.  Accordingly,  a  determined  effort 
was  made  this  year  by  prospectors  to  dis- 
cover the  ledges  whence  this  auriferous 


stibnite  came,  with  the  result  that  two 
promising  prospects  of  gold  bearing  anti- 
mony ore  were  located;  one  on  the  east- 
ern exposure  of  Dan  Creek  mountain 
and  the  other  at  the  head  of  Rheta 
gulch,  a  tributary  of  Copper  creek 
in  the  same  neighborhood.  These  discov- 
eries were  made  in  August  and  not  suffi- 
cient work  was  done  this  seaso.i  to  de- 
termine their  economic  importance,  but 
the  Dan  Creek  mountain  veins  show  an 
abundance  of  free  gold  on  the  surface. 
Gold-bearing  molybdenite,  containing 
stibnite  and  a  little  associated  chal- 
copyrite was  discovered  in  September 
by  a  prospector  within  four  miles  of  the 
Bonanza  mine.  The  ore  is  contained  in 
small  stringers,  the  largest  of  which  does 
not  exceed  4  in.  in  wjdth,  but  they  are 
numerous.  The  Blackburn  Mines  Com- 
pany also  found  this  year  a  little  free 
gold,  associated  with  chalcopyrite,  on  one 
of  its  claims. 

New  Gold-bearing  Quartz  Veins 
Discovered 

Second  only  to  the  coppar,  probably  the 
most  promising  factor  making  toward  the 
future  development  of  the  territcvy  tribu- 
tary to  the  new  railway  has  been  the  dis- 
covery in  24  localities,  extending  from 
Moose  pass,  which  lies  east  of  the  town 
of  Seward,  to  the  McKinley  Lake  region, 
about  23  miles  east  of  Cordova,  of  quartz 
veins  containing  free  gold,  in  some  in- 
stances in  association  with  telluridcs. 
These  discoveries,  save  one  (the  Cliff 
mine  near  Valdez)  have  all  been  made 
during  the  last  six  months  and  the  search 
for  gold-bearing  quartz  was  stimulated  by 
the  payment  in  the  early  summer  of  divi- 
dends of  30  per  cent,  on  the  SIOO.OOO  of 
capital  stock  of  the  Cliff  Mining  Com- 
pany, which  is  a  close  corporation,  con- 
trolled by  business  men  in  Valdez.  In  the 
McKinley  Lake  region  near  Cordova  I 
visited,  late  in  September,  two  of  these 
prospects. 

In  one  prospect,  controlled  by  the 
W.  G.  Nicholls  syndicate  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  a  vein  14  ft.  wide  with  clearly 
marked  walls,  slate  and  greenstone  schist, 
had  been  opened  and,  although  no  ore 
had  been  blocked  out,  free  gold  was 
plainly  discernible  across  the  entire  14-ft. 
exposure;  while  a  second  vein  which  had 
just  been  cut  by  a  short  tunnel  showed 
also  an  abundance  of  free  gold  and  a 
quantity  of  telluridcs.  Ore  from  the 
\icinity  of  Valdez,  from  the  Moose  Pass 
country,  from  Beaver  dam,  and  ether 
camps  in  this  district  was  of  the  same 
general  character  as  the  McKinley  Lake 
ore,  save  for  the  absence  of  tellurides. 
Orders  have  already  been  placed  for  four 
small  stamp  mills  to  operate  in  this  new 
goldfield,  and  it  seems  rcsonable  to  con- 
jecture that  next  spring  will  witness  an 
increase  in  both  prospecting  and  develop- 
ment in  this  district. 


1308 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


The    Yellowpine    Mining    District    of    Nevada 

A  Zinc-Lead-Silver  District,   First  Worked  by  Mormons.      Zinc  Only 
Utilized  Recently.      Carbonate  Ore.     Depth  of  Oxidized  Zone  Unknown 

BY       NEWMAN       B^       GREGORY* 


The  Yellowpine  mining  district  is  situ- 
ated in  Clark  county,  in  the  southern- 
most part  of  the  state  of  Nevada,  and  in- 
cludes approximately  that  territory  lying 
between  latitudes  35  deg.  40  min.  and  36 
deg.  5  min.  north  and  longitude  115  deg. 
and  5  min.  and  115  deg.  and  40  min.  west. 
The  San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  &  Salt 
Lake  railroad  runs  nearly  north  and 
south  through  this  district.  The  towns 
of  Jean,  Arden  and  Roach  are  railroad 
stations,  and  are  shipping  points  for  ore. 
Goodsprings,  in  the  Spring  mountain 
range,  is  eight  miles  west  of  Jean,  is 
reached  by  stage  and  is  the  principal 
camp  in  the  Yellowpine  district.  At  Jean 
the  elevation  is  2876  ft.;  in  the  Spring 
mountains,  where  the  zinc-lead-silver 
properties  are  situated,  the  elevation  is 
between  4500  and  6000  feet.  The  popu- 
lation of  the  entire  district  is  not  over 
300.  Jean  has  23  inhabitants;  Good 
Springs,  60;   Arden,  60  people. 

The  mountains  have  been  subjected  to 
intense  erosion,  and  the  detritus  washed 
and  blown  into  the  lower  desert  coun- 
try. The  yearly  precipitation  is  from 
three  to  five  inches;  this  falls  generally 
in  July  and  August.  In  the  mountains 
only  small  trees  are  available  for  fuel. 
A  number  of  varieties  of  cactus  are  the 
only  desert  plants.  All  the  mines  are 
perfectly  dry,  and  water  for  all  purposes 
is  hauled  to  them  from  the  nearest  camp. 
The  only  water  near  the  mines  is  at 
Goodsprings,  where  there  is  an  excellent 
well,  the  other  towns  receiving  their  sup- 
ply from  the  Salt  Lake  railroad. 

First  Mine  Worked  by  Mormons 
The  Potosi  mine  on  the  old  trail  be- 
tween Salt  Lake  and  San  Bernadino  was 
discovered  about  1860  by  the  Mormons, 
and  has  been  worKed  continuously  since 
that  time.  Until  1906  it  was  worked  ex- 
clusively for  lead  and  silver.  It  is 
stated  that  zinc  had  not  been  recognized 
up  to  this  time.  It  was  not  until  a  mining 
man  from  Socorro,  N.  M.,  went  over 
the  district  that  zinc  was  discovered.  By 
chance  this  man  picked  up  a  piece  of 
ore,  and  from  his  knowledge  of  the  oxi- 
dized zinc  ores  of  New  Mexico  identi- 
fied the  specimen  as  high-grade  zinc  car- 
bonate. By  1908  a  considerable  quantity 
of  hand-sorted  mixed  zinc-lead-silver  ore 
had  been  shipped,  but  zinc  was  not  re- 
covered in  smelting,  and  consequently 
the  operator  was  not  paid  for  the  zinc 
content;  these  cars  were  shipped  as  lead- 
silver  ores  to  Salt  Lake  City. 

•Mining  engineer,  Box  50.  JopUn,  Mo. 


The  Monte  Cristo  mine,  several  miles 
southeast  of  Goodsprings,  was  discovered 
in  1906,  and  was  the. first  producer  of  a 
pure,  high-grade  zinc  carbonate. 
The  ore  was  exceptionally  high  grade, 
some  of  the  purest  zinc-carbonate  ship- 
ments which  any  district  has  produced 
coming  from  this  mine.  The  average  of 
all  shipments  has  been  nearly  45  per 
cent,  metallic  zinc  with  individual  cars 
assaying  well  above  45  per  cent.  Owing 
to  the  fact  that  zinc  ores  were  not  dis- 
covered until  1906,  and  the  general  de- 
moralization due  to  the  panic  the  follow- 
ing year,  development  throughout  the  dis- 
trict was  limited.  In  July,  1908,  the 
m.ines  again  resumed  production,  and 
have  continued   operations  to  date. 

No    Detailed   Geological   Studies   Yet 
Made 

No  detailed  geological  report  of  the 
Yellowpine  mining  district  is  available. 
The  geology  of  the  entire  area  presents  a 
complex  problem.  In  the  short  time 
available  for  the  study  of  the  geology, 
the  succession  appears  to  be  about  as 
follows:  Upper  Carboniferous  limestone, 
from  a  few  hundred  to  a  thousand  feet  in 
thickness,  is  the  country  rock.  Devonian, 
Ordovifian,  Silurian  and  Cambrian  rocks, 
principally  limestone,  underlie  the  Upper 
Carboniferous  in  the  order  named.  Mes- 
ozoic  limestone  and  sandstone  overlie  the 
Carboniferous  in  places,  and  elsewhere 
have  been  entirely  eroded.  This  whole 
limestone  stratum  has  been  broken  and 
faulted  and  recrystallized,  and  during 
this  period  of  disturbance  the  Spring 
Mountain  range  was  formed.  Trachyte 
and  acid  porphyry  intrusions  in  the  lime- 
stone were  either  contemporaneous  or 
followed  shortly  this  period  of  disturb- 
ance. The  porphyry  intrusions  oc- 
curred as  large  dikes,  probably 
along  fault  planes,  and  in  gen- 
eral it  is  near  the  contact  of  the 
limestone  and  porphyry  that  mineraliza- 
tion has  occurred.  These  dikes  have  a 
general  north  and  south  strike,  and  dip 
from  40  to  60  deg.  from  the  horizontal. 

Ore  not  in  Defined  Veins 

Lead-silver  ores,  and  zinc  ores,  and  mix- 
ed lead-silver-zinc  ores,  the  lead  carry- 
ing silver  values,  occur  as  replacements 
in  limestone,  not  in  a  well  defined  vein 
but  in  an  easily  determined  zone,  in 
lenses,  chimneys,  and  chutes.  In  cutting 
out  the  various  levels  of  a  mine  limestone 
bars  are  encountered  occasionally,  and 
it   is   necessary   to  cut  through   this  bar- 


ren rock  from  10  to  75  ft.  before  the  ore- 
body  is  again  disclosed.  Although  one 
mine  has  attained  a  depth  of  600  ft.  the 
ground-water  level  has  never  been  de- 
termined for  any  mine  of  the  district. 
It  is  certain  that  oxidation  of  the  entire 
mining  area  extends  to  a  considerably 
lower  level  than  the  present  depth  of 
any  of  the  mines.  Zinc  is  found  always 
in  the  oxidized  state,  the  ores  occurring 
as  the  carbonate  and  silicate  and  as  hydro- 
zincite,  a  whitish  earthy  basic  zinc  carbon- 
ate Zn  COa.  2Zn(0H);.  Lead  occurs  as 
sulphide  and  carbonate,  the  occurrence 
of  sulphide  being  due  to  the  fact 
that  when  lead  sulphide  begins  to  oxi- 
dize, a  protective  coating  of  lead  sulphate 
is  formed,  and  this  coating  tends  to  pre- 
vent further  oxidation.  The  most  im- 
portant mines  in  the  district  are  the 
Yellowpine  Mining  Company,  the  Potosi, 
and  the  Prairie  Flow^er. 


Several 


Small     Shipp'inc 
District 


Mines    in 


There  are  a  large  number  of  prospects 
which  have  shipped  ore  at  various  times, 
and  are  now  making  a  small  production. 
This  production  represents  ore  taken  out 
from  the  surface,  or  near  the  surface, 
in  the  course  of  development  work. 
Among  the  claims  which  have  already 
shipped  ore  which  has  largely  paid  the 
expense  of  development  work  are  the 
Addison  &  Milford,  the  Sultan,  Ingomar, 
Fredrick  Ward,  Alice,  Pilgrim,  Anchor, 
Valentine,  Robins  &  Chaffin,  Taussach, 
Riley  &  Donohue,  Kansas-Nevada,  Hoos- 
ier.  Whale,  Green  Monster,  Gila  Mon- 
ster, Mobile,  May  Kirby,  Mountain  Top 
and  the  Blue  Jay. 

Operations  at  all  of  these  are  conduct- 
ed in  a  very  similar  and  crude  manner, 
and  for  this  reason  a  discussion  of  the 
Yellowpine  mine  will  serve  to  illustrate 
the  prevailing  practice.  All  the  miners 
are  confining  themselves  to  development 
work,  shipping  only  such  ore  as  is  taken 
out  in  extending  the  mine  by  levels  and 
incline  shafts.  The  Potosi  with  approxi- 
mately 100,000  tons  of  35  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  has  the  largest  developed  tonnage. 
The  Prairie  Flower,  operated  by  the 
Knight  and  Hyde  interests,  found  ore  at 
the  70-ft.  level  in  June,  1910,  and  shipped 
its  first  car  about  the  middle  of  June. 
Its  product  is  a  mixed  lead-silver-zinc 
ore  averaging  about  20  per  cent,  lead,  10 
to  15  per  cent,  zinc,  and  12  oz.  silver  to 
the  ton.  This  ore  is  sold  for  lead-sil- 
ver contents,  and  zinc  is  not  paid  for. 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1309 


The  Yellowpine  Mine 

The  Yellowpine  company's  property  is 
situated  four  and  one-half  miles  west  of 
Goodsprings.  A  Nevada  stock  company 
owns  the  property  by  patent  rights.  The 
geology  of  the  ore  deposit  has  been  de- 
scribed in  a  discussion  of  the  general 
geology  of  the  district.  A  5xG-ft.  incline 
shaft  was  started  about  five  years  ago, 
and  up  to  the  present  time  about  60,000 
tons  of  ore  has  been  proved.  To  develop 
this  tonnage  1750  ft.  of  levels  in  ore  and 
500  ft.  of  dead  work  have  been  complet- 
ed. The  mineral  zone,  or  vein  as  it 
may  be  called,  has  been  cut  in  places 
for  a  width  of  40  ft.  before  cutting  into 
the  barren  limestone.  The  levels  have 
been  cut  with  an  average  width  of  5  or 
€  ft.,  but  in  a  number  of  places  large 
pockets  of  almost  pure  lead  carbonate, 
and  pockets  of  nearly  pure  hydrozincite 
have  been  found.  The  shaft  is  situated 
on  a  mountain  slope,  and  is  400  ft.  in 
length  on  a  40-deg.  incline;  the  mountain 
slope  gives  the  shaft  a  vertical  depth  of 
about  600  ft.  The  ore  as  mined  averages 
27  per  cent,  metallic  zinc,  15  per  cent, 
lead,  and  12  oz.  silver.  After  hand  sort- 
ing, and  as  the  ore  is  shipped,  it  averages 
from  32  to  35  per  cent,  zinc,  15  to  18 
per  cent.  lead,  and  12  to  14  oz.  silver 
to  the  ton.  There  is  every  reason  to 
believe  that  the  orebody  will  continue 
•downward  until  the  ground-water  level, 
the  sulphide  zone,  is  reached,  and  it  is 
probable  that  mineralization  will  con- 
tine  to  a  much  greater  depth. 

Three    Classes    of  Shipping    Ore 

Three  classes  of  ore  are  mined:  (II 
a  clean  zinc  carbonate  and  silicate;  (2) 
lead-silver  ore  carrying  some  zinc,  but 
zinc  not  paid  for;  (3)  mixed  zinc- 
lead-silver  ores.  These  ores  are  merely 
hand  sorted  before  shipment.  Until  1909 
no  ore  was  sold  under  the  classification 
of  mixed  ores;  the  operator  had  to  sell 
his  ore  for  the  lead-silver  content  and 
receive  pay  only  for  those  values,  or  he 
sold  it  as  zinc  ore  and  received  pay 
for  zinc  content  only.  The  desirability 
of  this  ore  for  use  in  the  manufacture 
of  zinc-lead  paint,  brought  about  a  mar- 
ket for  this  mixed  product.  This  ore 
is  sold  on  a  basis  of  30  per  cent,  zinc, 
15  per  cent,  lead,  and  12  oz.  silver.  With 
spelter  at  5c.,  St.  Louis  delivery,  one  ton 
of  this  ore  sells  for  S18,  f.o.b.  Kansas 
points.  For  every  increase  or  decrease 
of  Ic.  in  the  market  price  of  spelter,  S4 
per  ton  is  added  or  deducted  from  this 
base  price.  The  unit  variation  on  zinc 
up  or  down  from  30  per  cent,  is  SI  ; 
the  unit  variation  on  lead  is  35c.,  and 
the  unit  variation  on  silver  is  35  cents. 

Mine  Owner  Receives  One-fifth 
Assay  Value 

Zinc  ores  are  sold  on  the  formula, 
P(T  —  8) — R,  where  P  represents  me- 


tallic zinc  in  pounds,  7"  represents  the 
units  of  zinc  contained  in  the  ore,  and  R 
the  smelter  returning  charge.  The  return- 
ing charge  on  this  ore  is  practically  SIO. 
With  spelter  at  5c.,  St.  Louis,  a  45  per 
cent,  zinc  carbonate  or  silicate  would  sell, 
f.o.b.  Kansas,  for  (45  — 8)  —  10,  or  $27 
per  ton.  With  spelter  at  6c.  this  same 
ore  would  sell  for  .'^4  to  S6  more  per 
ton. 

Lead-silver  ore  in  which  the  zinc  con- 
tent is  not  paid  for  sells  on  the  regular 
schedule  of  90  per  cent,  of  the  New 
York  quotation  for  lead,  and  95  per  cent, 
of  the  New  York  quotation  for  silver. 
The  freight  rate  to  Salt  Lake  is  S4.25, 
and  to  Kansas  points  $8.  Figuring  an 
ore  averaging  30  per  cent,  zinc,  15  per 
cent,  lead  and  12  oz.  silver  for  assay 
value:  30  per  cent,  zinc  equals  600  lb. 
zinc  Oi  5c.,  equals  S30;  15  per  cent, 
lead  equals  300  lb.  lead  (d  4!-^c.,  equals 
SI 3.50;  12  oz.  silver  fe  50c.  equals  $6; 
total  assay  value,  $49.50.  The  ore-buy- 
ing companies  pay  $18  at  the  smeltery, 
or  SIO  to  the  producer,  f.o.b.  Jean,  for 
nearly  $50  in  assay  values.  It  thus  ap- 
pears that  on  account  of  metallurgical 
losses,  freight,  etc.,  the  producer  re- 
ceives about  1/5  of  the  assay  value  of 
his  ore. 

Costs  about  $10  per  Ton  of  Ore 
Mined 

Wages    are    uniform    over    the    dis- 
trict:   Drill   men,  $4  per  day;   muckers, 
S3.50;    engineers,   $5;    blacksmiths,    S4 
sorters,   $3.50;    general   laborers,   $3.50 
foremen,  .S5,  plus  board,  SI ;  cooks,  S2. 50 
board  costs  from  $1   to  $1.25  per  day. 

Practically  all  of  the  operators  are 
pushing  development  work,  and  for 
this  reason  the  cost  of  mining  per  ton 
is  as  yet  an  unknown  quantity.  Labor 
will  amount  to  $3  or  $4  per  ton.  The 
12-miIe  wagon  haul  to  Jean  costs  S2.75 
per  ton,  and  loading  charge  is  25c., 
making  a  total  of  $3  for  hauling  and 
loading.  Supplies,  depreciation,  man- 
agement, insurance  and  development 
work  will  probably  equal  $3  per  ton, 
making  the  total  cost  of  mining  and 
loading  for  shipment  about  $10  per  ton. 
The  Monte  Cristo  mine  placed  in 
freight  cars  at  Jean  a  large  tonnage  of 
ore  during  a  period  of  17  months  ending 
April  10,  1910,  at  a  cost  of  a  few  cents 
less  than  $9  per  ton.  Adding  to  this  a 
freight  rate  of  $8,  the  Monte  Cristo 
realized  a  profit  of  nearly  $10  per  ton 
on  all  ore  handled  during  this  period 
of  17  months.  Under  present  market 
conditions  the  Yellowpine  and  other  com- 
panies can  show  a  fair  profit. 

The  mine  labor  is  almost  entirely 
American,  and  intelligent.  The  Potosi 
employs  foreign  labor,  mainly  Italians 
and  Mexicans,  and  pays  a  25c.  lower 
wage  scale.  All  mines  are  worked  single 
shift,  seven  days  in  the  week.  Little 
machinery    is    used;    in    the    Yellowpine 


and  Potosi,  gasolene  engines  are  used  in 
hoisting.  Hand  drilling  is  generally 
adopted.  A  narrow-gage  railroad  from 
the  mines  to  the  Salt  Lake  railroad  at 
Jean  is  a  possibility  for  the  district. 
Such  a  road  would  materially  lower  the 
hauling  cost. 

No  Concentrating  Method  Available 

The  character  of  the  zinc-lead  ores 
will  make  any  attempt  at  concentration 
a  difficult  problem.  The  zinc  ores  are 
of  practically  the  same  specific  gravity 
as  the  gangue,  and  tests  to  which  the  ore 
has  been  subjected  have  failed  to  show 
a  satisfactory  recovery  of  the  contents. 

This  district  is  laboring  under  a  heavy 
handicap  with  no  railroad  nearer  than 
10  miles,  a  heavy  freight  rate  to  the 
smelteries,  and  no  adequate  method  of 
concentration.  There  is  undoubtedly  a 
vast  amount  of  lead-silver-zinc  ore  in 
the  Yellowpine  area.  To  develop  these 
deposits  properly,  outside  capital  will 
have  to  find  its  way  into  the  district.  A 
railroad  spur  must  be  built  to  Good- 
springs.  These  things  will  almost  as- 
suredly be  brought  about  in  good  time. 
The  present  production  is  that  of  a  camp 
in  its  infancy,  and  it  is  only  a  question 
of  time,  I  believe,  until  the  Yellowpine 
district  will  be  recognized  as  a  field  of 
great   possibilities. 


Plate    and    Sheet    Production 


The  American  Iron  and  Steel  Associa- 
tion has  received  direct  from  the  man- 
ufacturers the  production  of  iron  and 
steel  plates  and  sheets  in  1909.  The  pro- 
duction, excluding  nail  plate,  amounted 
to  4,234,346  long  tons,  of  which  76,202 
tons  were  of  iron  and  4,158.144  tons  of 
steel.  The  increase  over  1908  was  1,- 
584,653  tons,  or  59.8  per  cent.;  but  there 
was  a  decrease  of  14,486  tons,  or  0.3  per 
cent.,  from  1907.  In  1909  there  were  141 
works  in  17  States  which  made  plates  or 
sheets.  Pennsylvania  made  2,384,185 
tons  of  the  total,  Ohio,  938,185,  and  West 
Virginia  211.012  tons. 

The  production  of  plates  and  sheets  in 
the  United  States  for  five  years  past  has 
been  as  follows,  in  long  tons: 


1  !)().■>., 
11)06.. 
11)07.. 
IDOS. . 

1  sins). . 


Plates 


2.011,206 

2.r,:ii.rir,'> 

2,t560,O60 
1,271.021 
2,379,098 


Sheets. 


I. in  1.021 
1 ,6.'>n,6()  I 

1..'>SS.772 
1  ..•J7.'<.672 
1 ,8.-)5,2-18 


Total. 


:i,.">:i2,2S0 
4.1.S2.1.-)6 
•i.2.|s,s:i2 
2.619.693 
4,234,346 


Plates  include  all  material  of  No.  12 
gage  or  thicker;  sheets  all  of  No.  13  gage 
or  thinner.  Black  sheets  for  tinning  are 
included  above,  but  nail  plates  are  ex- 
cluded. Of  the  plates  made  in  1909  only 
1.4  per  cent,  were  of  iron;  of  the  sheets, 
2.4  per  cent. 


1310 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


Deep  Mining  in  the  Guanajuato  District,  Mexico 

Nueva  Luz  Shaft  203 1  ft.  Deep.      Mexican  Government  Pays  Subsidy 
of    1 50  Pesos  per  Meter.      Cost  250  Pesos  per  Meter  at  2000-ft.  Level 

b"y       frank       ft       pro  BERT* 


Deep  mining  in  South  Africa  and  Aus- 
tralia has  attracted  much  attention  dur- 
ing the  last  few  years,  because  of  the 
successful  solution  of  difficult  engineering 
problems  and  the  proved  continuance  of 
workable  ore  to  great  depths.  The 
Guanajuato  district  of  Mexico  is  now  be- 
ing watched  by  the  financial  and  engi- 
neering world  because  of  the  sinking  of 
the  TNueva  Luz  shaft  by  the  Proprietary 
Mines  Company  of  America  to  explore 
the  Mother  Lode  over  3000  ft.  on  its  dip. 
It  has  added  interest  because  of  the  sub- 
stantial recognition  it  receives  from  the 
Mexican  government. 

Guanajuato  has  aptly  been  titled  "Mex- 
ico's Treasure  House,"  for  since  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Veta  Madre  in  1554  its 
reputed  output  of  $400,000,000  is  prob- 
ably well  within  the  realm  of  truth.  The 
wonderful  Valenciana  shaft  was  started 
toward  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century 
and  sunk  to  a  depth  of  1807  ft.  at  a  cost 
of  1,000,000  pesos.  It  produced  over 
SI 50,000,000.  The  King's  tax  alone  for 
a  period  of  five  years  ended  1804,  which 
amounted  to  one-fifth  of  the  yield,  was 
$1,325,000.  The  shaft  is  octagonal  and 
32  ft.  across.  Eight  separate  horse  whims 
were  used  at  the  same  time  in  shaft  sink- 
ing. It  is  lined  with  solid  rock  masonry. 
Inability  to  handle  the  water  was  the 
cause  of  its  abandonment.  The  accom- 
panying illustration,  furnished  by  Catlin 
&  Powell,  shows  the  relative  position  of 
the  main  shafts  and  the  dip  of  the  ore- 
body. 

Geological  Features 

Brief  mention  of  the  geological  struc- 
ture of  Guanajuato  is  of  interest.  The 
broad  physiographic  features  have  been 
determined  by  fault  blocks  of  extraordi- 
dinary  length;  by  the  huge  masses  of 
volcanic  ejecta  and  by  a  long  period  of 
erosion  smoothing  off«the  cragged  peaks 
and  covering  the  southern  slopes  with  ac- 
cumulated debris,  extending  to  the  fertile 
basin  of  Celaya.  As  a  geologic  unit  the 
rock  system  is  simple,  consisting  of  Me- 
sozoic  sediments  (Cretaceous),  Teritary 
eruptives,  and  recent  dctrital  rocks. 

The  crustal  movements  manifested 
themselves  as  a  great  network  of  faults 
and  were  accompanied  by  the  intrusion  of 
igneous  rocks,  later  followed  by  the  out- 
pourings of  vast  lava  flows.  The  min- 
eral wealth  bears  a  close  relationship  to 
the  intensity  of  these  Tertiary  volcanic 
outbreaks.  Stream  courses  intersect  the 
region,    exposing    the     rocky     structure 


ribbed  by  many  veins  and  scarred  by 
mine  openings  and  dumps  of  over  300 
years'  mining  activity. 

The  district  shows  a  basement  oT  Cre- 
taceous shale  capped  by  a  series  of 
volcanic  rocks;  bedded  andesitic  breccias 
and  tuffs  covered  in  turn  by  rhyolitic 
breccias  with  a  second  series  of  andesite 
above.  Older  members  of  the  series  were 
intruded  by  granite,  altering  and  breaking 
the  Cretaceous  shales  and  andesitic  brec- 
cias, and  initiating  the  mineralization 
v.'hich,  enriched  in  a  later  period,  has 
formed  the  great  bonanzas  of  the  dis- 
trict. Dikes  of  rhyolite  cut  through  the 
granite,  and  andesitic  dikes  cut  the  clas- 
tic rocks  of  this  type.  None  of  the  rocks 
is  truly  waterlaid  except  locally  in  small 

Sim  rrosptro  Shalt 


fined  from  the  bairen  parts  of  the  "ein. 
These  shoots  pitch  to  the  south  and  have 
an  average  depth  far  exceeding  their 
greatest  horizontal  extent. 

The  Veta  Madre  is  a  strong  lode  formed 
along  a  zone  of  distributed  faulting, 
which  is  in  places  150  ft.  wide  and  shows 
three  veins,  foot-wall,  central  and  hang- 
ing. At  the  north  end,  the  lode  lies  be- 
tween black  shale  and  red  Guanajuato 
conglomerate;  farther  south  it  lies  be- 
tween andesitic  rocks  and  rhyolite  por- 
phyry. 

The  Nueva  Luz  Property 

The  Nueva  Luz  property,  aggregating 
72  acres,  is  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  northwest  of  Guanajuato.     It  covers 


ECALE      1   :    12000 


»  Nop.ll  Shaft 

Plan  of  Nueva    Luz  and  Valenciana  Mines,  Guanajuato,  Mexico 


•Mlnlnff    pnglneer,     Central     liulldlng,     Los 
AnpelcN,    f'liL 


pools  and  lakes  about  the  flanks  of  the 
old  volcanic  pile,  but  much  of  the  ma- 
terial is  the  result  of  mud  flows. 

Ore  in  Fissure  Veins 

The  ore  of  the  district  occurs  in  fissure 
veins  formed  in  fault  fractures.  The  vein 
structure  varies  from  massive  to  a 
tangled  mesh  of  veinlets  or  stringers. 
The  vein  filling  consists  of  quartz"  and 
calcite  often  surrounding  and  inclosing 
fragments  of  rock  much  altered  by  cir- 
culating waters.  The  minerals  are  argen- 
tite,  stephanite,  rarely  polyhasite,  prous- 
tite  and  native  silver.  Pyrite  is  common 
hut  unimportant  and  chalcopyrite  is  rare. 
There  is  evidence  of  the  reopening  of 
many  veins  with  later  deposition  of  ore 
about  fragments  of  the  older  vein  filling. 
The  bonanza  orebodies  ^.rc   sharply   de- 


the  dip  of  the  Valenciana  bonanza  about 
2000  ft.  west  of  the  outcrop.  Its  value  is 
in  the  ownership  of  the  underlay  of  this 
bonanza.  The  vein  on  Valenciana  ground 
extends  northwest  and  southeast,  dipping 
45  deg.  to  the  west.  It  has  a  width  of  from 
30  to  160  ft.  The  orebody  of  the  Valen- 
ciana was  worked  to  the  1640- ft.  level  by 
the  shaft,  and  then  by  winzes  to  a  greater 
depth,  the  bottom  still  being  in  bonanza 
ore. 

The  Valenciana  oreshoot  had  an  unu- 
sual horizontal  extent,  official  maps  show- 
ing it  to  be  over  2000  ft.  long  on  the  1150- 
ft.  level  of  the  big  shaft.  On  the  lowest 
level,  1607  ft.,  the  oreshoot  is  1476  ft. 
long,  and  assuming  a  continuance  down- 
ward to  a  depth  equal  to  half  its  hori- 
zontal extent,  would  bring  it  to  the  2300- 
ft.  level  of  Nueva  Luz.    This  is  a  reason- 


I 


I 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1311 


able  deduction  and  if  proved  correct 
makes  the  territory  being  developed  of 
great  value.  The  facts  all  indicate  the 
downward  extension  of  a  body  of  rela- 
tively high-grade  ore  into  Nueva  Luz 
ground,  which  should  be  mined  at  a 
profit. 

The  Nueva  Luz  Shaft 

The  Nueva  Luz  shaft  is  a  great  pro- 
ject. Weighing  all  geological  evidence 
and  the  authentic  history  of  the  Valen- 
ciana,  success  must  attend  the  work.  The 
collar  is  about  320  ft.  lower  than  that  of 
the  Valenciana,  and  centers  of  shafts  are 


bucket  roads,  using  crosshe'ds  with  wire- 
rope  guides,  are  used  for  sinking,  but  the 
shaft  is  sufficiently  large  for  a  pump 
compartment  when  this  becomes  neces- 
sary. It  is  planned  to  divide  the  shaft 
into  three  700-ft.  lifts  using  electrically 
driven  pumps  for  handling  the  water.  At 
present,  one  small  pump  is  only  called 
into  use  three  or  four  hours  a  day.  Water 
stands  in  the  Valenciana  shaft  within  600 
ft.  of  the  collar,  but  the  Tepeyac,  which 
adjoins  the  Valenciana  on  the  same  lode, 
is  taking  out  ore  400  ft.  below  the  water 
Itvel  of  the  Valenciana.  I  do  not  antici- 
pate any  sudden  rush  of  water  when  the 


motion,  geared,  electrically  driven  hoist, 
good  for  2500  ft.;  a  600-cu.ft.  two-stage 
Ipgersoll-Rand  air  compressor;  suitable 
headframe  and  the  necessary  offices. 
IngcrsoII-Serge&nt  2j4-in.  drills  are  used 
in  the  shaft. 

The  shaft  is  costing  about  S125  per 
meter  and  progresses  at  the  rate  of  about 
15  ft.  per  week  below  the  2000- ft.  level. 

Starting  in  the  altered  andcsitic  rocks 
the  shaft  passes  through  a  projecting 
tongue  of  granitic  rock,  and  encountering 
a  big  fault  (the  Manon)  at  934  ft.  passes 
into  the  black  Cretaceous  shales  and 
continues  in  them  to  the  bottom.     These 


San  Antonio,  General  and  Nueva  Lu/.  mi\i  i     and  Hypothetical  Extension   of  the  Veta  Madrk,  Guanajuato 


1592  ft.  apart.  If  the  Veta  Madre  main- 
tains a  steady  dip  of  45  deg.,  as  it  has 
done  for  2500  ft.,  it  will  enter  Nueva  Luz 
ground  at  1580  ft.  vertical  depth;  the 
shaft  will  penetrate  the  hanging  wall  at 
2950  ft.,  and  the  lode  should  pass  out  of 
the  ground  on  the  southwest  side  at 
about  4000  ft.  This  will  give  approxi- 
mately 2850  ft.  on  the  dip  of  the  vein. 

The  shaft  is  in  good  condition  to  carry 
on  the  projected  work.  As  started  by  the 
old-time  Mexicans,  it  was  circular,  but 
Mr.  Henrick  has  continued  it  as  a  rect- 
angular shaft,  6x16  ft.  Only  a  little 
timbering     has     been     necessary.       Two 


Nueva  Luz  crosscut  reaches  the  lode,  but 
a  gradual  drainage  through  the  vein  and 
slow  lowering  of  water  level.  There 
will  be  at  least  350  ft.  of  solid  vein  ma- 
terial on  the  dip  of  the  vein  between  the 
Nueva  Luz  crosscut  and  the  bottom  of 
the  big  Valenciana  shaft,  sufficient  to  re- 
tain the  water. 

Surface  Equipment 

There  has  been  no  foolish  expenditure 
of  money  in  unnecessary  surface  equip- 
ment, and  every  economy  has  been  ex- 
ercised under  Mr.  Henrick's  administra- 
tion.    There    is   a   double-drum,   second- 


black  shales  are  abundantly  pyritized  in 
places  and  are  occasionally  veined  with 
calcite  and  quartz,  forming  the  character- 
istic ramaleo  of  the  Guanajuato  district. 
At  1950  ft.  some  argentite  and  ruby  sil- 
ver were  found,  proving  the  existence  of 
high-grade  ore  at  this  depth.  Advices 
from  the  mine,  on  Nov.  1,  are  to  the  ef- 
fect that  the  shaft  is  2031 'j  ft.  deep,  the 
deepest  mine  in  Mexico. 

At  a  depth  of  1935  ft.  the  first  station 
was  cut  for  crosscutting  to  the  Veta 
Madre.  The  crosscut  will  be  approxi- 
mately 900  ft.  long  and,  on  Nov.  1,  was 
in  50  ft.     It  should  reach  the  vein  early 


1312 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


in  1911.  There  is  every  geological  rea- 
son to  anticipate  the  opening  of  large 
orebodies  of  commercial  grade  at  this 
level  on  the  Veta  Madre. 

Subsidy  Paid  by  the  Government 

Nueva  Luz  is  the  only  mine  in  Mexico 
which  receives  a  government  subsidy.  A 
contract  under  date  of  Feb.  4,  1907,  for  a 
period  of  10  years,  between  the  Federal 
Executive  and  the  Mineral  Development 
Company — now  part  of  the  Proprietary 
Mines  Company  reads,  in  abstract:  "Dur- 
ing the  life  of  this  contract,  the  com- 
pany shall  be  exempt  from  the  payment 
of  all  Federal  taxes,  excepting  stamp  and 
mining  taxes.  .  .  .  The  company  shall 
have  the  rights  to  collect  indemnity  from 
those  mining  properties  which  may  be 
benefited  by  the  projected  shaft,  the 
same  to  be  proportional  to  the  benefits  re- 
ceived, for  unwatering,  ventilation,  or  ex- 
traction of  material.  ...  In  view  of 
the  fact  that  the  projected  shaft  will  be 
of  great  benefit  to  the  mining  district  of 
Guanajuato,  the  Federal  Government 
grants  to  the  Mineral  Development  Com- 
pany, a  subsidy  of  150  pesos  (S75)  for 
each  meter  of  vertical  depth  attained  by 
the  shaft,  which  indemnity  shall  be  paid 
for  each  50  meters  of  shaft  sunk  below  a 
depth  of  500  meters  and  up  to  a  depth  of 
1000  meters." 

Early  in  July,  the  first  subsidy  of  S3750 
was  paid  by  the  Federal  authorities,  and 
another  of  the  same  amount  is  now  due. 
The  government  geologists  are  watching 
the  project  with  great  interest  and  the 
eyes  of  Guanajuato  are  all  centered  on 
the  work.  The  interest  is  becoming 
keener  as  the  goal  is  approached,  for  the 
proving  of  commercial  ore  at  this  depth 
in  Nueva  Luz  on  the  Veta  Madre  will 
rejuvenate  the  camp  and  lead  to  greater 
activity  in  the  Guanajuato  district.  The 
courage  of  those  directly  responsible  for 
this  mammoth  work  of  sinking  2000  ft. 
to  cut  a  silver  vein  is  deserving  of  the 
success  which  all  mining  geologists  who 
have  examined  the  property  assure  them. 

Compared  with  the  probabilities  of 
opening  up  large  ore  reserves  below  2000 
ft.,  the  other  attractive  mineral  showings 
on  Nueva  Luz  ground  are  small,  al- 
though in  themselves  they  are  of  im- 
portance and  value.  The  Nopal  vein  sys- 
tem being  explored  in  the  upper  work- 
ings may  add  materially  to  the  daily  ton- 
nage to  be  mined. 


Quartette  Mining  Company 

The  report  of  the  Quartette  Mining 
Company,  Searchlight,  Nev.,  for  the  year 
ended  Sept.  30,  1910,  shows  a  total  profit 
of  $995.  A  total  of  5124  ft.  of  develop- 
ment work  was  done  during  the  year,  but 
no  large  deposits  of  rich  ore  were  dis- 
covered, the  largest  being  only  75  ft. 
long.     Work  is  still  being  pushed,  and  a 


new  low  level  is  being  driven  and  a 
still  deeper  one  planned.  The  company 
has  about  SS5.000  available  for  further 
work  of  this  sort. 

There  were  milled  during  the  fiscal 
year  27,468  tons;  the  heads  carried  $6.50 
per  ton,  the  bullion  produced  amounted 
to  S4346,  or  66.87  per  cent.,  and  the 
milling  costs  were  $1,006  per  ton. 
About  369  tons  of  first-class  ore  aver- 
aging $45.10  per  ton  were  sent  to  a 
custom  smeltery  for  treatment,  freight 
and  treatment  charges  amounting  to 
$10.95  per  ton. 

The  cyanide  plant  operated  most  of 
the  year,  running  on  old  tailings,  but  as 
the  sands  are  now  practically  exhausted, 
the  plant  has  been  shut  down.  The 
heads  averaged  S3.3015  and  the  bullion 
produced  $2.3601,  or  an  extraction  of 
71.48  per  cent.,  and  the  working  costs 
were  SI. 6309  per  ton.  It  is  purposed  in 
the  future  to  treat  the  accumulated 
slimes. 

The  mining  cost  per  ton,  including  de- 
velopment, was  $3.28,  of  which  $0.65  was 
for  supplies  and  $2,63  for  labor.  It 
should  be  noted  th't  none  of  the  forego- 
ing costs  includes  any  proportion  of  the 
Boston  office  or  other  administration  ex- 
pense which  amounts  to  a  total  of  $18,300 
against  which  there  is  a  credit  of  $3627 
for  interest  and  discount. 


Concentration     of    Ontario 
Magnetites* 

The  province  of  Ontario  is  compara- 
tively poor  in  deposits  of  merchantable 
iion  ore  but  has  many  of  low-grade  ma- 
terial, the  greater  number  of  which  con- 
sist of  impure  magnetites.  This  sug- 
gests magnetic  concentration,  but  the 
concentrated  ore  must  be  produced  at  a 
sulficiently  low  cost  to  compete  with  nat- 
ural ores  that  are  marketed  at  $3  to  $5 
per  ton.  The  low-grade  material  there- 
fore must  be  mined  cheaply  and  crushed 
and  concentrKted  without  excessive  cost. 
Cheap  mining  is  not  possible  unless 
operations  are  conducted  on  a  large 
scale,  which  requires  deposits  of  some 
rriagnitude.  The  concentrated  product  may 
be  in  a  state  of  fine  subdivision  and 
therefore  unfit  for  direct  use  in  the  blast 
furnace,  necessitating  either  briquetting 
or  nodulizing,  an  additional  item  of  cost. 

Advantages  of  Magnetic  Concentrates 

On  the  other  hand  there  are  important 
features  connected  with  properly  con- 
centrated ores  which  give  them  a  dis- 
tinctly superior  value  to  natural  ores. 
The  most  important  are  the  high  iron 
content;  the  absolute  standardization  of 
the  concentrated  ore,  eliminating  the 
variable  conditions  present  when  using 
natural  ores;  and  a  greatly  reduced  loss 


•Abstrnct   of  a    ipport   b.v   GeorftP   !'■    Mnc 
Iccnzlp  for  tlio  Onlnrlci   Itufbnu  of  Mlnps. 


from  flue  dust.  Tests  carried  on  at  the 
Kingston  School  of  Mines  prove  that  un- 
der proper  conditions  it  is  possible  to 
briquet  and  desulphurize  these  concen- 
trates without  any  added  binder. 

Conclusions 
The  experiments  demonstrated  that 
f5rst-class  bessemer  concentrates  can  be 
produced  from  the  crude  ores  from  the 
Tcmagami,  Moose  Mountain,  Coe  Hil! 
end  Radnor  districts,  and  that  all  of 
these  concentrates  will  form  hard  porous 
briquets,  more  or  less  peroxidized  and 
free  from  sulphur,  when  submitted  to  a 
process  similar  to  the  Grbndal  system  of 
briquetting.  The  extent  of  crushing  re- 
quired varies  from  relatively  coarse  dis- 
integration to  fine  pulverization,  being 
governed  entirely  by  the  physical  struc- 
ture of  the  ores  treated.  Sulphur,  when 
present  in  the  form  of  iron  pyrites  can, 
in  the  majority  of  cases,  be  reduced  to 
a  very  low  figure  in  the  concentrate.  If 
present  as  pyrrhotite  its  removal  is  dif- 
ficult, and  the  best  that  can  be  expected 
is  to  produce  a  concentrate  of  sulphur 
content  little  lower  than  the  original 
percentage  contained  in  the  crude  ore. 
If  subsequent  briquetting  or  noduliz- 
ing of  the  fines  is  required  almost 
complete  oxidation  of  the  sulphur  will 
result.  No  trouble  was  experienced  in 
the  removal  of  phosphorus  below  the 
bessemer  limit. 

Dry  Concentration  Not  Satisfactory 
Dry  concentration  of  fine-grained 
compact  ores  yields  indifferent  re- 
sults, the  chief  obstacle  being  the 
effective  removal  of  mechanically  en- 
tangled dust  particles  that  render  the  pro- 
duction of  high-grade  concentrates  diffi- 
cult, if  not  impossible.  Jaspilite  ores 
will  yield  a  fairly  coarse-grained  silicious 
concentrate,  but  require  fine  grinding  and 
the  application  of  wet  concentration  for 
a  high-grade  bessemer  product.  Fine- 
grained compact  magnetites  will  not  yield 
even  a  fair  silicious  concentrate  unless 
pulverized  to  60-niesh,  and  like  jaspilite 
ores  require  additional  grinding,  with  wet 
stparation  before  yielding  bessemer  con- 
centrates. Ores  containing  much  mag- 
netic pyrites,  but  with  low  phosphorus 
content,  are  amenable  to  either  dry  or 
wet  methods  of  separation,  but  sulphur 
will  not  be  reduced  materially  and  the 
resulting  concentrates  must  be  desul- 
phurized. Magnetites  of  a  schistose 
structure  containing  no  excessive  amounts 
of  sulphur  and  phosphorus  are  amenable 
to  dry  separation  for  the  production  of 
non-bessemer  concentrates,  but  will  yield 
a  bessemer  product  with  grinding  to 
40-mesh  and  subsequent  application  of 
a  wet  process.  Coarsely  crystalline  ores 
containing  no  excessive  percentages  of 
siJphur  and  phosphorus  will  readily  yield 
a  high-grade  bessemer  concentrate  with 
either  dry  or  wet  process  and  will  not 
require  excessive  grinding. 


il 


December   31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1313 


Fatal  Accidents  in  the  Coal  Minesof  North  America 

Great  Need  of  Statistical  Work.      Enlightened  Public  Opinion  Required 
to    Cut    Down    Death   Rate.     Bad  Showing  Compared  with   Europe 


BY     FREDERICK     L.     HOFFMAN* 


In  the  coal-mining  experience  of  North 
America  during  1909  there  occurred  2434 
fatal  accidents  among  an  average  number 
of  717,317  mine  employees,  or  at  the  rate 
of  3.39  per  1000.  During  the  previous 
year  the  corrected  rate  was  3.84  per  1000, 
so  that  there  has  been  a  gratifying 
diminution  in  the  fatality  rate,  equivalent 


difficulty  in  obtaining  the  returns  for  a 
few  of  the  States.  There  appears  to  be 
no  e.vcuse  for  withholding  from  the  pub- 
lic information  of  so  important  a  char- 
acter as  the  number  of  fatal  accidents  in 
coal  mining,  but  apparently  there  is  not  a 
sufficiently  active  public  interest  in  the 
facts  to  demand  their  early  publicity  and 


T.\BLE  I. 


NUMBER  OF  PERSON.S  KILLED  BY  .\CCIDENTS  IN  COAL  MINES 
OF  NORTH  .\MERIC.\.  1900-1909. 


1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1909. 

1900- 
1909. 

37 

29 
94 
l,s 
29 
20 
17 
7 
10 
10 
G 
l.i 
68 
40 

411 

26.5 
10 

209 
3S 

141 
17 
21 

41 

iin 

99 

24 

27 

10 

31 

12 

6 

15 

7 

9 

72 

44 

513 

301 

44 

9 

27 

134 

102 

14 

50 

73 

99 

24 

5.'> 

30 

19 

11 

6 

10 

12 

17 

81 

60 

300 

456 

226 

S 

34 

120 

139 

19 

57 
40 

156 
55 
21 
36 
25 
16 
8 
17 
5 
17 

124 
33 

518 

402 

26 

7 

25 

159 
42 
31 

84 

89 
1.57 

34 

31 
(n)  16 

19 

12 
7 

11 
o 

15 
118 

30 
595 
536 

28 
9 

31 
140 

37 

19 

1S5 
60 

199 

47 

24 

36 

31 

16 

8 

11 

8 

5 

114 
44 

644 

479 

29 

7 

13 

194 
12 
20 

96 

88 

155 

31 

37 

30 

40 

13 

6 

16 

13 

9 

126 

39 

557 

477 

3.3 

7 

21 

269 

.  15 

28 

154 
99 

165 

53 

35 

52 

32 

5 

7 

8 

14 

31 

153 
32 

708 

806 

31 

8 

37 

356 
31 
35 

108 
61 

183 
45 
38 
31 
40 
12 
6 
10 
21 
34 

112 
44 

678 

572 

34 

8 

25 

625 
18 
39 

129 
99 

213 
50 
28 
35 
33 
19 
9 
21 
12 
18 

115 
40 

567 

506 
31 
16 
39 

364 
57 
33 

941 

Colorado 

693 

Illinois 

1 .520 

Indiana 

381 

Iowa ... 

325 

290 

Ki-nlucky 

277 

123 

Miohican 

73 

129 

Montana. 

107 
170 

Ohio 

1,083 

406 

Penn.,  anthracite 

Penn.,  bituminous 

5,491 

4,800 

492 

Utah.            

288 

285 

Wt'.^t  Virginia.. . . 

2,502 

British  Columbia 

Nova  Scotia. . . 

470 
259 

Total. 

1507 

1586 

1S49 

1820 

2027 

2186 

2106 

2852 

2744 

2434 

21,111 

(a)  Six  months  only. 


able  than  is  at  present  the  case.  In 
marked  contrast  to  the  increasing  demand 
upon  large  corporations  for  a  greater 
publicity  of  the  facts  of  their  business  op- 
erations, there  has  been  no  substantial 
progress  in  the  direction  of  uniform  sta- 
tistics of  accidents  in  mining  with  a  due 
regard  to  the  elementary  facts,  which  re- 
quire to  be  better  understood  if  real  prog- 
ress is  to  be  made  in  future  years.  The 
returns  of  one  State  are  often  not  at  all 
comparable  with  those  of  another,  while 
as  a  rule  the  descriptive  accounts  are 
brief  and  more  or  less  indefinite,  making 
an  accurate  classification  by  causes  and 
related  circumstances  difficult,  if  not  im- 
possible. 

Necessary  Requirements  Outlined 

It  would  seem  to  require  no  argument 
that  the  following  facts  should  be  known 
beyond  a  doubt  concerning  every  accident 
in  mining,  certainly  as  regards  fatal  acci- 
dents: The  race,  nativity,  exact  occupa- 
tion, the  place  where  the  accident  occur- 
red (that  is,  above  ground  or  under- 
ground), the  period  or  length  of  mine  ex- 
perience, the  age  at  death,  the  conjugal 
condition  (that  is,  whether  married,  sin- 
gle, widowed  or  divorced),  the  number  of 
dependent    children    or    those    under    15 


to  0.45  per  1000.  Compared  with  the 
year  1907,  the  reduction  in  the  rate  was 
even  more  marked,  but  that  year  was 
rather  exceptional,  the  rate  having 
reached  4.15  per  1000,  or  the  highest  re- 
corded rate  in  the  history  of  North  Amer- 
ican coal  mining.  At  the  present  time  the 
tendency  is,  therefore,  apparently  toward 
a  gradual  reduction  in  the  fatality  rate, 
and  it  is  evident  that  the  disastrous  ex- 
perience of  recent  years  has  not  been 
without  effect.  The  statistics  arc  coin- 
plete  for  all  of  the  principal  coal-mining 
States,  but  for  some  of  the  less  important 
coalfields  it  is  still  impossible  to  obtain 
accurate  official  comparable  returns.  This 
explains  why  Alaska,  Arkansas.  Cali- 
fornia, Georgia,  North  Dakota,  Oregon, 
Texas,  Virginia  and  Wyoming  are  not  in- 
cluded in  the  tables  which  follow,  since 
every  effort  to  obtain  an  official  statement 
of  the  facts  has  been  unsuccessful. 
Semi-official  returns  for  these  coalfields 
indicate,  however,  that  the  actual  loss  of 
life  in  coal  mining  in  these  States  and 
the  Territory  of  Alaska  was  comparative- 
ly small. 

The  tabulation  and  analysis  of  returns 
has  been  delayed  on  account  of  the  usual 


TABLE  II.     FATAL  ACCIDENTS  IN  COAL  MINES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  1900-1909. 
Rate  of  Persons  Killed  per  1000  Employed. 


1900- 

1900. 

1901. 

1902 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906, 

1907. 

1908. 

1909. 

1909. 

2.59 

2.90 

2.79 

2.94 

4.77 

10.75 

5  23 

7  61 

5   -- 

6.40 
7   53 

5.28 
6.32 
2  69 

Colorado 

3.99 

6.88 

8.11 

3.  89 

8,26 

5.05 

7,32 

7  67 

4  25 

Illinois 

2.39 

2.24 

2.15 

3.13 

2.87 

3.36 

2,49 

2.47 

2   58 

2  93 

Iiuliana 

2.03 

1.98 

1 .  S3 

3.64 

1  .91 

2  63 

1   58 

■?  79 

'>   36 

2.64 
1.56 

2.36 
2.09 

Iowa 

■)   .».) 

2  .  05 

4 .  23 

1.59 

1  .  90 

1.36 

2,20 

2.05 

2.20 

Kansas 

T..S7 

1  .  05 

3 .  22 

3.61 

.! .  09 

2.97 

2 ,  95 

4 .  35 

2.74 

3 .  04 

2.91 

1.88 

2,15 

1  .  58 

1.85 

1.37 

2.06 

2,39 

1  .82 

2   15 

1    76 

1,91 
2,13 
2,86 

1.32 

2.23 

1.89 

2.82 

2.11 

2  57 

2.00 
1.94 

3  34 
3 .  04 

Mil  liiean 

6.11 

3.26 

4.24 

2 .  54 

2.58 

2,16 

2 ,  83 

2.43 

Missouri 

1.31 

1.63 

1    09 

1.85 

1  .09 

1.06 

1,65 

1.70 

1.06 

2.31 

1    46 

\Ionlana 

2  53 

3   21 

6    19 

2  32 

3    59 

3  67 

5    43 

5    1** 

6.68 
9.26 

3.11 

4,20 
6  99 

.N»'W  Mexico 

7.44 

4.81 

10.  U 

7  26 

7.61 

2.35 

3,82 

10.13 

(Iluo 

2.14 

2.15 

2.  16 

3 .  00 

2.57 

2 .  58 

2,71 

3.20 

2.23 

2.45 

2  54 

<  )l<laliotna 

7.59 

8.35 

9.62 

5.42 

3 .  63 

5 .  76 

4.81 

4.15 

3,02 

2.76 

4  85 

IVnii.,  anthracite.  . . 

2.86 

3   47 

2   03 

3.41 

3  69 

3,83 

3 .  35 

4.19 

3 .  89 

3.31 

3  43 

IVnn.,  bituminous .  . 

2.44 

2 .  56 

3   36 

2 .  65 

3.44 

2,90 

2.76 

4.40 

3.15 

2.72 

3  08 

Tcnni'ssee 

1    15 

5   23 

25    80 

2 .  69 

2,81 

2,76 

3.07 

2.79 

3.06 

2.77 

4   91 

Utah 

138.96 

5.  (10 

3    21 

3.21 

4,06 

3 ,  57 

3  69 

3.07 

2.99 

5.36 

12  93 

WiisliiuKton 

7.79 

5 .  59 

7  .  83 

5.13 

6,69 

2.61 

4  .  OS 

G.05 

4.68 

6.81 

5  68 

\\  .St  \  irjrjiija 

5.03 

4.14 

3   41 

4.03 

3.08 

3.88 

5 .  20 

6 ,  33 

10.35 

5  85 

5  43 

liiiiisli  Columbia. .  . . 

4.22 

25 .  67 

34  .  65 

9 .  85 

8.31 

2.72 

3    12 

5.12 

2.95 

8.88 

9  69 

Nova  .Scotia 

3   17 

1.83 

2.36 

2.79 

1.63 

1.86 

2.31 

2  .  89 

3.02 

2.73 

2,46 

.\\*'raKc 

3.25 

3.21 

3    18 

3.16 

3.33 

3.40 

3    20 

4.15 

3.84 

3.39 

3.46 

•Statistician,    Prudential     Insurance    Com- 
p.any,    Newark.    X.   .7. 


official  comments  upon  their  occurrence. 
Until  there  is  a  more  general  public  in- 
terest in  the  facts  in  the  aggregate,  as 
well  as  in  the  accidents  in  detail,  there 
is  little  hope  tor  a  material  reduction  in 
the  fatality  rate,  which,  in  its  final  anal- 
ysis, must  tesult  from  an  enlightened 
public  opinion  demanding  that  those  re- 
sponsible Sor  the  safety  of  mining  opera- 
tions shall  be  held  more  strictly  account- 


years  of  age,  the  nature  and  amount  of 
insurance  carried  (if  any),  whether  life, 
accident,  or  both,  and  finally,  the  cause 
of  the  accident  and  all  the  surrounding 
and  contributory  circumstances,  accom- 
panied, if  possible,  by  a  plan  illustrating 
the  facts  which  require  to  be  known.  It 
should  be  stated  whether  an  inquest  was 
held  and  whether  the  responsibility  was 
placed,  and  if  so  upon  whom,  and  finally. 


1314 


THE  ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


whether  the  guilty  parties,  if  any,  were 
brought  to  justice,  and  the  nature  and  ex- 
tent of  the  penalty  imposed.  In  the  case 
of  non-fatal  accidents  the  nature  and 
degree  of  bodily  injury  should  be  pre- 
cisely stated,  and  where  more  than  one 
part  of  the  body  is  injured  the  more  seri- 
ous injuries  should  be  emphasized.  In  such 
cases  it  should  be  ascertained  whether 
the  injury  caused  incapacity  for  work, 
and  if  so,  the  resulting  time  of  unem- 
ployment. The  term  "fatal  accident"  re- 
quires to  be  defined,  for  apparently  in 
some  States  accidents  ultimately  termi- 
nated by  death  are  reported  as  fatai, 
while  in  others  only  a  short  period  is 
allowed  during  which  the  results  are  as- 
certained. It  would  seem  advisable  to 
arrive  at  a  uniform  agreement  to  report 
all  accidents  terminated  by  death  pre- 
vious to  some  stated  day,  say  the  fifth  or 
seventh,  and  should  death  result  subse- 
quent to  such  a  date  the  case  should  be 
reported  as  non-fatal.      In    one    mining 


ally  state  the  number  of  inspectors 
authorized  by  law,  the  number  of  mines 
subject  to  supervision,  the  number  of  in- 
spections actually  made,  the  number  of 
violations  of  law  reported,  the  number  of 
prosecutions,  and  the  number  of  convic- 
tions. At  the  present  time  no  definite  in- 
formation of  this  kind  is  obtainable  from 
many  of  the  mine  reports,  and  there  is 
much  diversity  in  the  reports  otherwise, 
which  makes  the  results  of  mine  inspec- 
tions in  one  State  difficult,  if  not  impos- 
sible, of  comparison  with  the  results  in 
another  State.  The  new  Mining  Bureau 
no  doubt  will  direct  its  efforts  toward  an 
improvement  in  the  reporting,  classifica- 
tion and  uniformity  of  accident  statis- 
tics, much  as  the  division  of  vital  statis- 
tics in  the  census  and  the  interstate  com- 
merce commission  have  brought  about  uni- 
formity in  vital  and  railroad  statistics,  in 
marked  contrast  to  earlier  complexity,  in- 
accuracy, confusion  and  incompleteness. 
In   every    field     of    corporate     enterprise 


T.\BLE  III.     F.\T.\L  .\CCTDENT.S  IN  COAL  MINES  OF  NORTH  -AMERICA. 

CoMPARISOX    OF    1909    WITH    THE    FiVF    PREVIOrs    Ye.ars. 


Number  of  Persons 
Killed.  Yearly  .\verage 

Hate  per  1000 
Employed. 

Increase  or 

1904-190S. 

1909. 

1904-1908. 

1909. 

Decrease  of 
Rate. 

12.5 
79 

172 
42 
33 
33 
32 
IS 
7 
11 
13 
19 

12.1 
38 

636 

574 

31 

S 

23 

317 
23 
28 

129 
99 

213 
50 
28 
35 
33 
19 
9 
21 
12 
IS 

115 
40 

567 

506 
31 
16 
39 

364 
57 
33 

6.80 
6.41 
2.74 
2.25 
1.94 
3  25 
1.98 
1.93 
2 .  35 

1  26 
5  02 
7    13 

2  65 
4.08 
3.79 
3.34 
2.85 

3  43 
4.84 
6.00 
4.38 
2.37 

6.40 
7 .  .53 
2.93 
2.64 
1.56 
3.04 
1.76 
3.34 
3.04 
2.31 
3   11 
5 .  57 
2.45 
2.76 
3.31 
2.72 
2.77 
5 ,  36 
6.81 
5.85 
S.88 
2.73 

— 0  40 

-1-  1    12 

4-0  19 

Indiana      

-(-  0  39 

—0.38 
— 0  21 

Kentucky 

— 0.22 

-1-  1   41 

-f  0  69 

-^  1   05 

Montana        

— 1   91 

—  1 .56 

Ohio              

— 0  20 

— 1   32 

Pennsylvania,  anthracite 

— 0  48 

— 0  62 

— 0  08 

T-tali 

-1-  1    93 

Wrisliiiurton    

-1-1.97 
— 0   15 

-f  4  50 

+  0.36 

.•\verage  

2383 

2434 

3.60 

3  39 

— 0  21 

State,  for  illustration,  deaths  occurring 
even  as  late  as  eight  months  after  the 
accident  are  reported  as  fatal,  which,  of 
course,  tends  to  increase  the  fatality  rate 
above  the  corresponding  rate  of  States 
in  which  only  a  short  period  is  allowed 
during  which  the  result  of  the  accident  is 
ascertained. 

Better  Classification  of  Workers 
Needed 

There  is  urgent  need  of  a  uniform 
classification  of  the  causes  of  mining  ac- 
cidents, and  there  is  equally  urgent  need 
of  a  more  definite  nomenclature  of  the 
various  occupations.  There  are  in  use  in 
different  mining  fields  local  terms  which 
have  practically  no  meaning  to  those  in 
other  fields,  but  all  of  which  can  be  re- 
duced to  some  simple  general  term  equal- 
ly understood  by  all. 

Aside  from  these  considerations  it 
would  seem  of  iinportance  that  the  mine 
inspectors  in  their  reports  should  annu- 


there  is  an  increasing  demand  for  public- 
ity and  for  a  better  knowledge  of  the 
conditions  and  circumstances  which  gov- 
ern corporate  experience,  and  the  same 
requirement  will  no  doubt  be  insisted 
upon  in  the  case  of  mining  companies  in 
years  to  come. 

Over  2400  Fatal  Accidents  in  1909 

Table  I  exhibits  in  detail,  for  States, 
Territories  and  Provinces,  the  number  of 
persons  killed  by  accidents  in  the  coal 
mines  of  North  America  during  the  pe- 
riod ending  with  1909.  The  table  has  Been 
corrected  for  previous  years  and  is,  there- 
fore, not  strictly  comparable  with  the 
table  published  in  the  Journal  for  De- 
cember 25,  1909.  Such'  corrections  are 
inevitable  in  the  present  state  of  mine  in- 
spection and  the  occasional  disregard  of 
official  duty  to  give  due  consideration  to 
the  necessity  of  early  publication  of  the 
fpcts  which  have  so  important  a  bearing 
upon  the  welfare  of  the  mining  population. 


During  1909  there  occurred  2434  fatal 
accidents,  against  2744  during  the  pre- 
vious year,  and  2852  during  1907.  In  the 
aggregate  there  have  been  21,111  fatal 
accidents  during  the  decade,  or  an  aver- 
age of  2111  a  year.  The  actual  number 
of  deaths  during  recent  years  has,  there- 
fore, been  considerably  above  the  aver- 
age, and  relatively  so  in  proportion  to 
the  number  employed.  It  requires  to  be 
taken  into  consideration  that  for  some  of 
the  States  the  returns  are  for  fiscal  years, 
and  it  may  be  suggested  that  in  any  fu- 
ture revision  or  change  of  methods  all  of 
the  States  should  agree  to  report  the  facts 
by  calendar  years.  At  the  present  time 
it  would  not  seem  advisable  to  make  the 
required  corrections,  since  many  of  the 
States  do  not  report  the  number  em- 
ployed and  the  fatal  accidents  by  calen- 
dar months. 

Table  II  shows  the  fatal  accident  rate 
in  coal  mining  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  calculated  upon  the  usual  basis 


TABLE  IV.     TWENTY-FIVE  YEAR  RECORD 

OF  F.ATAL  .\CCIDENTS  IN  COAL  MINES 

OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  1885-1909. 


Rate  per 

1,000 

Number  of 

Number 

Em- 

Empio.vees. 

Killed. 

ployed. 

1SS5 

214.184 

576 

2.69 

1S86 

222,029 

514 

2.32 

1887...  . 

230  834 

514 

2.23 

1888.... 

278,175 

659 

2.37 

1889. .  .  . 

278,361 

681 

2 .  45 

1890... 

301.295 

853 

2.83 

1S91...  . 

326,684 

959 

2.94 

1S92.  .  .  . 

343,564 

8S3 

2.57 

lN9:i..  .  . 

384,249 

970 

2.52 

1894. .  .  . 

394,146 

962 

2.44 

1895..  .  . 

404.553 

1,061 

2.62 

1S96..  .  . 

409.320 

1,123 

2.74 

1897 

409,830 

956 

2.33 

189S. .  .  . 

407,536 

1,0.56 

2.59 

1899..  .  . 

421,489 

1,2.50 

2.97 

1900 

464,235 

1,.507 

3.25 

1901... 

494,287 

1 ,586 

3.21 

1902. .  .  . 

530,624 

1,849 

3 .  48 

1903.    .. 

576,365 

1,820 

3.16 

1904. .  .  . 

609.001 

2,027 

3 .  33 

1005... 

643.225 

2,186 

3.40 

1906..  .  . 

658,880 

2,106 

3.20 

1907.... 

6.86,460 

2,852 

4.15 

1908.... 

715,355 

2,744 

3.84 

1909.... 

717,317 

2,434 

3.39 

188.5-1889.... 

1,223,583 

2.944 

2.41 

IS90-1S94..  .  . 

1,749,938 

4,627 

2.64 

IS9.".-ls;i9..  .  . 

2,052,728 

5,4  16 

2 .  65 

19l)l)-ly04..  .  . 

2,674,512 

8,789 

3.29 

1905-1909 

3,421,237 

12,322 

3.60 

18.S5-1909.... 

11,121,998 

34,128 

3.07 

of  the  average  number  employed.  There 
is,  unfortunately,  no  agreement  among 
mine  inspectors  as  to  the  method  by 
which  the  average  should  be  calculated 
or  determined,  and  there  are  grave  doubts 
as  to  whether  the  methods  in  some  States 
are  not  widely  at  variance  with  those  in 
use  in  other  States.  It  would  seem  best 
to  calculate  the  average  on  the  basis  of 
monthly  returns  of  the  number  employed 
according  to  the  payrolls  as  of  the  first 
day  of  every  month,  or  the  first  Monday 
of  every  month,  divided  by  12,  which 
would  yield  a  uniform  average  sufficiently 
accurate  for  the  end  in  view.  To  re- 
quire a  further  refinement  of  this  method, 
by  daily  reports  of  the  number  of  em- 
ployees, or  weekly  reports,  would  impose 
an  undue  amount  of  clerical  labor  upon 


December   31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1315 


the  mining  companies  and  would  not 
yield  satisfactory  or  accurate  results  in 
the  end.  While  the  rate  per  1000  as  de- 
termined by  this  method  is  open  to  criti- 
cism on  account  of  the  variable  factor  of 
employment  or  unemployment,  as  the 
case  may  be,  it  requires  to  be  considered 
that  any  other  basis  would  not  be  com- 
parable with  the  fatality  rates  of  men 
employed  in  other  trades  and  industries, 
and  unless  the  facts  were  carefully  se- 
cured the  results  would  be  even  less  ac- 


was  3.39  per  1000,  against  an  average 
rate  of  3.46  for  the  decade.  The  highest 
rate  occurred  in  1907,  when  it  reached 
4.15,  and  the  lowest  in  1903,  when  it  was 
only  3.16.  During  1909  the  highest  rate 
in  any  one  State  was  for  British  Colum- 
bia, or  8.88  per  1000,  while  the  lowest 
rate  was  for  Iowa,  or  only  1.56  per  1000. 
During  the  decade  the  highest  rate  was 
for  Utah,  or  12.93  per  1000,  while  the 
lowest  rate  was  for  Missouri,  or  only  1.46. 
It  may  safely  be  asserted  that  under  con- 


T.\BLE  V. 


FATAL  ACCIDENT.S  IX  THE   PHINCIPAL  COAL-MINING  COUNTRIES 
OF  THE  WORLD,   1S99-1908. 
Ni'MHER  OF  Persons  Killed. 


IS^IVI. 

mno. 

1901. 

1002. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1 S99- 
1908. 

16 
1.-.6 
121 
20-- 

',1S 
3 

sue 

34 

224 

140 

230 

64 

4 

94S 

1,012 

22 

ISl 

1.-.7 

19S 

70 

3 

1,07S 

1,101 

107 

196 

144 

ISO 

77 

2 

914 

1,024 

1.') 

103 

1.-.9 

170 

97 

4 

909 

1.071; 

lib 

129 

1S4 

67 

4 

S94 

1 .0.").") 

27 

183 

123 

1.S2 

60 

6 

919 

1,159 

21 

155 

132 

1 ,2S0 

100 

6 

1 ,005 

1,142 

19 
161 

14S 
202 

12 
1.31S 
1,245 

20 

145 
155 
1.S0 
178 

1,593 
1,308 

302 

1,614 

Belf^iulll 

1.408 

France 

India 

New  Zealand 

Pni.^sia 

United  Kingdom 

3,920 

900 

49 

10,447 

11,034 

Total 

2.3S7 

2,656 

2,810 

2,644 

2,529 

2,438 

2,659 

3,841 

3,194 

3,530 

28,774 

FATAL  ACCIDENTS  IN  THE  PRINCIPAL  COAL  MINING  COUNTRIE.S 
OF  THE  WORLD,  1S99-190S. 
Rate  of  Person's  Killed  per  1000  Employed. 


TABLE  VI. 


1S99. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1903. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1899- 
1908. 

Au.'itralia 

1.26 
1  ,  37 
0 .  97 
1  .  35 
1.32 
1.39 
2.28 
1    26 

2.44 
1  .84 
1.05 
1.42 
0.71 
1.63 
2.26 
1.30 

1.48 
1  .  39 
1.17 
1.21 
0.73 
1.09 
2.36 
1  .36 

6.64 
1.60 
1.07 
1.09 
0.78 
0.69 
2.01 
1  .24 

0.94 
0 .  85 
1.14 
1  .02 
1.13 
1.40 
1.92 
1.27 

0.92 
0,92 
0 .  93 
1.07 
0.72 
1  .22 
1.82 
1.24 

1.64 
1.53 

o.ln 

1.04 
0.67 
1.84 
1.85 
1.35 

1.22 
1.28 
0 .  95 
7.17 
1.01 
1.63 
1.94 
1  .29 

0.98 
1.27 
1.04 
1.10 
0.79 
3.07 
2.32 
1    32 

1.29 
1.  10 
1.07 
0 ,  95 
1.38 
1  .28 
2.62 
1.32 

1.S5 
1.31 

Belgium 

1.03 

France 

India 

New  Zealand 

Prns.sia 

United  Kingdom.. 

1.76 
0.93 
1.57 
2.15 
1.30 

.\verage 

1.50 

1.54 

1.00 

1.45 

1.37 

1.31 

1.40 

1.96 

1.52 

1.62 

1 .  53 

TABLE  VII.     FATAL  ACCIDENTS  IN   AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN 
COAL  .MINES.   1S99-1908. 


North  .\merica. 

FoKEIGX    CotTNTRIES. 

Rale  per 

Rate  per 

Number  of 

Number 

10(10 

Xundjer  of 

Number 

1000 

Employees. 

Killed. 

Empio.veil, 

IC.uplo.voe.s. 

Killeil. 

Emplo,ved. 

1899..  . 

421,4.89 

1,250 

2.97 

1 .592  485 

2,3.87 

1 .  50 

1900..  . 

464,235 

1,.507 

3.25 

1.723,362 

2,6,56 

1.54 

1901... 

494,287 

1,5.86 

3.21 

1,804,688 

2,810 

1.00 

1902..  . 

530,624 

1,849 

3.48 

1.820,914 

2,644 

1 .  45 

1003..  . 

576,365 

1,820 

3.16 

1 ,848,662 

2  5**9 

1.37 

1904..  . 

609,001 

2,027 

3.33 

1,882.206 

2,458 

1.31 

1905..  . 

643.22--. 

2,186 

3.40 

l.S'.):i,915 

2,659 

1.40 

190S..  . 

65N.,SS0 

2,106 

3.20 

1,958..-,  Hi 

3,841 

1  .  96 

1907..  . 

6sr,,-ir,o 

2,852 

4.15 

2.096..-i62 

3,194 

1  .  52 

1908..  . 

715,355 

2,744 

3.84 

2  222  ,312 

3,596 

1.62 

1899-1903..  . 

2.487,000 

8,012 

3 .  22 

8,790,111 

13,026 

1  .  48 

1904-1908..  . 

3,312,921 

11,915 

3 .  60 

10,053,541 

15,748. 

1.57 

1899-1908..  . 

5,799  921 

19,927 

3.44 

18.843,652 

28,774 

1..53 

curate  than  by  the  method  employed  here. 
The  same  conclusion  applies  to  the  rela- 
tion of  coal  production  to  the  number  of 
fatal  accidents,  which  has,  no  doubt,  in- 
trinsic merits  of  itself,  but  which  is  in- 
applicable to  purposes  of  comparison 
with  the  fatality  rates  for  men  employed 
in  other  occupations.  Subject  to  these 
limitations  the  table  affords  an  interesting 
comDarifon  of  the  fatality  rates  for  each 
of  the  last  ten  years. 
Fatality  Rate  3.46  Per  1000  for  Last 
10  Years 
It   appears  that  the   rate   during    1909 


servative  methods  of  mining,  and  with  a 
due  regard  to  known  safety  devices,  the 
fatality  rate,  even  in  comparatively 
dangerous  coalfields,  should  not  exceed 
2  per  1000,  On  examination  of  the  table 
if  appears  that  while  in  a  few  of  the 
States,  Territories  and  Provinces  the  rate 
has  occasionally  fallen  below  2  per  1000, 
il  has,  as  a  rule,  exceeded  3  per  1000, 
and  in  some  cases  reached  almost  in- 
credible proportions.  Of  course,  such  an 
excessive  rate  as  that  for  Utah  during 
1900,  caused  by  a  single  disaster,  is  not 
a    fair   measure   of  the   degree   of   local 


hazard  in  mining  operations,  but  it  is 
evident  that  most  of  the  Western  States 
have  high  accident  rates,  and  this  ap- 
pears to  be  particularly  true  of  the  Pa- 
cific Coast  States,  including  British  Co- 
lumbia. 

Better  Conditions  in  1909  Than  Dur- 
ing Preceding  Five  Years 
Table  III  exhibits  the  fatal  accidents  in 
coal  mining  in  1909,  compared  with  the 
average  for  the  preceding  five  years,  both 
upon  the  basis  of  actuSl  numbers  and  the 
rate  per  1000  employed.  The  States 
showing  an  increase  in  the  rate  during 
1909  over  the  preceding  five  years  are, 
Colorado,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Maryland, 
Michigan,  Missouri,  Utah,  Washington, 
British  Columbia  and  Nova  Scotia,  There 
was  a  decrease  in  the  rate  for  1909  from 
the  average  rate  prevailing  during  the 
previous  five  years  of  0.21  per  1000.  The 
decrease  was  more  marked  in  some  of  the 
States  than  in  others,  and  was  relatively 
largest  in  Montana,  New  Mexico  and 
Oklahoma.  During  the  five  years  ending 
with  1908  only  four  of  the  States  ex- 
perienced fatal  rates  of  less  than  2  per 
1000,  while  eight  experienced  rates  of  4 
or  over  per  1000.  The  low-est  average 
rate  during  the  five-year  period  was  ex- 
perienced in  Missouri,  or  only  1.26  per 
1000,  but  the  Missouri  rate  during  1909 
was  2.31  per  1000. 

Fatality  Rate  Has  Been  Increasing 

During  Last  Quarter  Century 
Table  IV  affords  a  means  of  convenient 
comparison  of  the  fatal  rate  in  coal  min- 
Hig  during  1909,  with  those  of  previous 
years,  showing  the  number  of  employees, 
the  number  of  persons  killed,  and  the 
rate  per  1000  employed  for  each  of  the 
25  years  1885  to  1908,  The  table  has  also 
been  arranged  in  five  equal  periods  of 
five  years  each,  and  it  is  shown  that  the 
fatal  rate  has  increased  from  2,41  during 
the  first  five  years  to  3.60  during  the  last. 
The  decrease  in  t^e  rates  for  1908  and 
1909  are  not  reflected  in  the  average  rate, 
which  is  the  highest  on  record  during  the 
25-year  period.  The  average  rate  during 
the  quarter  of  a  century  of  mining  ex- 
perience has  been  3,07  per  1000,  which 
may  be  said  to  be  50  per  cent,  in  excess 
of  what  the  normal  fatality  rate  should 
be,  with  a  due  consideration  of  the  na- 
ture, circumstances,  labor  supply,  etc., 
in  the  coal  mines  of  North  America. 

Lack  of   Uniformity  of  Statistical 

Methods      Makes      International 

Comparisons  of  Doubtful  Value 

A  comparison  of  the  American  fatality 
rate  with  the  corresponding  rates  of  cer- 
tain foreign  countries  is  subject  to  the 
criticism  that  the  statistical  methods  are 
not  always  identical,  and  that  what  may 
be  reported  as  a  fatal  accident  in  one 
country  may  not  be  reported  as  such  in 
another.  There  are  also  serious  doubts 
as  to  the  methods  by  which  the  number 


1316 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


of  employees  are  determined,  and  it  is 
open  to  question  whether  in  some  coun- 
tries the  reported  average  is  not  really  the 
total  number  of  names  oh  the  payroll,  but 
!•  may  be  assumed  that  this  is  not  the 
case  in  the  principal  coal-mining  coun- 
tries of  the  world  where  statistics  have 
been  collected  and  published  for  many 
years. 

Subject  to  these  limitations  the  accom- 
panying two  tables  are  of  considerable 
interest:  Table  V  shows  the  number  of 
fatal  accidents  in  the  principal  coal-min- 
ing countries  of  the  world  during  the 
decade  ending  with  1908,  and  Table  VI 
the  corresponding  annual  and  average 
fatality  rates. 

For  purposes  of  convenient  comparison 
Table  VII  shows  the  fatal-accident  rate  in 
American  and  foreign  coal  mines,  includ- 
ing the  number  of  persons  employed,  the 
number  killed  and  the  rate  per  1000  for 
each  year  of  the  decade  ending  with  1908, 
also  by  quinquennial  periods  and  for 
the  decade  as  a  whole. 

American  Rate  Apparently  Twice 
That  of  Europe 

According  to  this  comparison  the  aver- 
age fatality  rate  for  the  coal  mines  of 
North  America  for  the  decade  ending  with 
1908  was  3.44  per  1000,  against  an  aver- 
age foreign  fatality  rate  of  1.53.  The 
American  rate  has  increased  from  3.22 
per  1000  during  the  first  five  years, 
to  3.60  per  1000  during  the  second 
five  years,  or  at  the  rate  of  4.87 
per  cent.;  while  the  foreign  rate 
has  increased  from  1.48  per  1000 
tc  1.57  per  1000,  or  at  the  rate  of 
20.9  per  cent.  If,  during  the  ten-year 
period  ending  with  1908,  the  foreign  fa- 
tality rate  of  1.53  per  1000  had  prevailed 
in  the  coalfields  of  North  America,  the 
number  of  deaths  would  have  been  only 
8874  against  the  19.927  which  actually 
occurred.  The  comparison  emphasizes 
the  much  greater  risk  of  coal  mining  in 
North  America  than  in  other  countries 
of  the  world,  and  the  question  to  be 
answered  by  mine  managers,  staff  officials 
and  engineers  is  whether  the  excess  in  the 
fatal-accident  rate  is  due  to  inherent 
causes,  or  is  .subject  to  substantial  re- 
duction by  improvements  in  mining  meth- 
ods, the  quality  of  the  laber  supply,  dis- 
cipline, education,  safety  devices,  etc. 


Coal  Mining    in  Georgia  in    1909 

The  United  States  Geological  Survey 
reports  that  the  total  production  of  coal 
in  Georgia  in  1909  was  211,196  short 
tons,  having  a  spot  value  of  S298,792,  a 
decrease  of  53,626  short  tons,  or  20  per 
cent.,  in  quantity,  and  of  $65,487,  or  18 
per  cent.,  in  value  from  the  production 
of  1908. 

Coal  production  in  Georgia  has  shown 
.'1  decreasing  tendency  since  1903.  The 
production  in  1909  was  the  smallest  since 


1897  and  was  only  a  little  more  than 
half  the  output  in  1893,  when  the  maxi- 
mum production  for  any  one  year,  416,- 
951  short  tons,  was  made.  The  decrease 
in  production  in  1908  and  1909  was  due 
to  the  withdrawal  by  the  State  of  the 
convicts  who  were  employed  as  miners 
under  lease,  and  to  the  inability  of  the 
operators  to  obtain  enough  free  labor  to 
keep  the  mines  up  to  their  capacity. 

A  partial  offset  to  the  decreased  pro- 
duction is  noted  in  the  larger  relative 
returns  to  the  operators  shown  by  the 
advance  in  the  average  price  per  ton  from 
S1.22  in  1904  to  31.28  in  1906,  $1.38  in 
1907  and  1908,  and  S1.41  in  1909,  though 
this  benefit  is  in  turn  partly  offset  by  the 
fact  that  decreased  production  is  neces- 
sarily attended  with  an  increased  cost 
per  unit  of  output. 

All  the  Coal  Is  Hand  Mined 

All  the  coal  produced  in  Georgia  is 
hand  mined,  no  undercutting  machines 
being  employed.  At  one  establishment 
the  slack  coal  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  coke  is  washed  before  it  is  charged 
into  the  ovens.  In  1909,  94,300  short 
tons  of  this  coal  was  washed,  yielding 
85,290  tons  of  cleaned  coal  and  9010 
tons  of  refuse. 

During  1909  there  were  2  fatal  and  56 
nonfatal  accidents  in  the  coal  mines  of 
Georgia.  Both  of  the  fatal  accidents  and 
22  of  the  nonfatal  accidents  were  due  to 
falls  of  roof  or  coal.  Three  men  were 
injured  (none  fatally)  by  explosions  of 
powder,  and  31  injuries  were  due  to  mis- 
cellaneous causes.  There  was  no  explo- 
sion of  gas  or  dust  in  the  mines. 

Parts  of  two  counties  in  the  extreme 
northwest  corner  of  Georgia  are  under- 
lain by  the  coal  measures  of  the  south- 
ern Appalachian  coalfields.  The  Walden 
basin  of  Tennessee  crosses  Dade  county 
in  Georgia  and,  extending  southwestward, 
becomes  the  Blount  mountain  and  War- 
rior basin  in  Alabama.  The  Lookout 
basin,  a  narrow  outlying  area,  extends 
fiom  Etowah  county  in  Alabama  in  a 
northeasterly  direction  into  Walker 
county,  Georgia.  The  total  area  of  the 
coalfields  in  Georgia  is  estimated  at  167 
square  miles,  the  smallest  of  all  the 
State  coalfields,  and  not  all  of  this  con- 
tains  workable   coal. 

All  the  coal  mined  in  Georgia  is  high- 
grade  bituminous  and  ma',  es  a  good 
steam  fuel.  As  bunker  coal  it  has  no 
superior  in  the  South  Atlantic  States.  It 
also  makes  excellent  coke,  and  about  30 
per  cent,  of  the  output  is  made  into  coke 
v.^hich  is  sold  to  the  furnaces  at  Chatta- 
nooga and  other  points  in  Tennessee  and 
Georgia. 

According  to  the  estimates  of  M.  R. 
Campbell,  of  the  United  States  Geologi- 
cal Survey,  the  total  original  coal  supply 
of  Georgia  was  933,000,000  short  tons, 
from  which  there  had  been  mined  to  the 
close  of  1909,  8,599,714  short  tons,  rep- 


resenting (including  loss  in  mining)  an 
exhaustion  of  about  12,750,000  short 
tons.  This  would  leave  still  in  the 
ground  a  total  of  about  9:^0,250,000  short 
tons,  of  which  about  600,000,000  tons 
may  probably  be  minable. 


Coal  Mining  in  Oregon  During 
1909 


The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  reports 
that  the  total  production  of  coal  in  Oregon 
in  1909  was  87,276  short  tons,  having  a 
spot  value  of  .S235,085,  differing  slightly 
from  that  of  the  preceding  year,  when 
the  output  amounted  to  86,259  short  tons, 
valued  at  3236,021.  The  difference  was  a 
little  over  1000  tons  in  quantity  and  a 
little  less  than  SIOOO  in  value. 

Only  two  mines,  the  Newport  and  the 
Beaver  Hill,  both  in  Coos  county,  ship 
coal  in  large  quantities,  the  shipments 
being  made  almost  entirely  by  sea  to  San 
Francisco  This  trade  in  1909  was  slight- 
ly less  than  in  the  preceding  year,  the 
shipments  showing  a  decrease  of  1139 
short  tons.  There  was  also  a  decrease  of 
about  1000  tons  in  the  colliery  consump- 
tion, but  a  gain  of  more  than  3000  tons  in 
sales  to  local  trade.  All  the  coal  shipped 
from  the  Beaver  Hill  mine  is  washed,  but 
the  refuse  from  the  washery  contains 
enough  combustible  material  to  permit  its 
use  as  fuel  at  the  mines.  This  fact  ac- 
counts for  the  comparatively  large  quan- 
tity of  coal  reported  as  "used  at  mines 
for  steam  and  heat." 

All  the  coal  mined  in  the  State  is  lig- 
nitic  in  character,  but  because  of  the 
cheap  water  transportation  to  its  principal 
market,  San  Francisco,  it  is  able  to  com- 
pete to  some  extent  in  that  city  with  the 
higher  grades  of  coals  from  Washington, 
British  Columbia,  the  Rocky  Mountain 
States,  and  Australia. 

In  1909,  as  in  1908,  the  coal  mines  of 
Oregon  were  free  from  labor  disturb- 
ances. The  only  casualties  in  1909  were 
1  man  killed  (by  gas  explosion)  and  10 
men  injured. 

According  to  estimates  prepared  by  M. 
R.  Campbell,  of  the  United  States  Geo- 
logical Survey,  the  total  coal-bearing  for- 
mations of  Oregon  are  limited  to  an  area 
of  230  sq.mi.,  the  original  contents  of 
which  are  placed  by  Mr.  Campbell  at 
1,000,000,000  short  tons. 

Coal  was  first  noticed  in  the  Coos  Bay 
region  about  50  years  ago.  Prof.  J.  S- 
Newburv  having  reported  in  1855  that 
the  coal  deposits  of  Coos  Bay  had  begun 
to  attract  attention.  Some  mining  was' 
done  there  in  18.55  and  1872,  and  in 
1876  two  mines — the  Eastport  and  the 
Newport — were  in  active  operation.  The 
Newport,  however,  was  the  only  one  to 
survive.  The  Beaver  Hill  mine  was 
opened  in  1895.  This  was  at  first  an  un- 
certain factor,  but  is  now  one  of  the  im- 
portant producers. 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING  JOURNAL 


1317 


The  first  record  of  coal  production  in 
Oregon  is  contained  in  the  census  report 
cf  1880,  when  43,205  short  tons  were 
mined.  The  production  has  exceeded 
100,000  tons  in  four  years  only— 1896, 
1897,  1904  and  1905 — the  maximum  be- 
ing obtained  in  1904,  when  it  reached 
111,540  tons.  The  total  production  to 
the  close  of  1909  has  amounted  to  1,963,- 
927  short  tons. 


Coal  Mining  in  California  in 
1909 


The  United  States  Geological  Survey 
reports  that  the  total  production  of  coal 
in  California  in  1909  was  45,836  short 
tons,  having  a  spot  value  of  S95,042,  an 
increase  of  27,081  tons,  or  144  per  cent., 
in  quantity  and  of  554,840,  or  73  per 
cent.,  in  value  from  1908,  a  larger  per- 
centage of  increase  than  was  shown  by 
any  other  State  in  the  Union. 

The  increase  in  production  was  due  en- 
tirely to  the  operations  of  the  Stone 
Canon  Consolidated  Coal  Company, 
whose  mine  is  in  Monterey  county.  This 
company  had  expended  large  amounts  of 
money  during  the  two  preceding  years 
in  development  work  and  in  preparing  its 
plant  for  extensive  operations.  Unfortu- 
nately, because  of  faults  encountered  in 
the  coal  beds  and  the  inability  to  procure 
efficient  labor,  the  expenses  incurred 
largely  exceeded  the  estimated  cost. 
Then,  after  the  plant  had  been  completed 
and  25  miles  of  railroad  to  the  Southern 
Pacific  tracks  constructed,  heavy  fioods 
and  cloudbursts  so  damaged  the  property 
that  the  resources  of  the  company  were 
exhausted  in  making  the  repairs,  so  that 
in  October,  1909,  a  receiver  was  ap- 
pointed, r.nd  the  works  were  shut  down. 
In  the  nine  months  from  January  to 
September,  however,  this  company  had 
shipped  more  than  75  per  cent,  of  the 
total  output  of  the  State  for  the  year.  In 
addition  to  meeting  the  other  obstacles 
it  encountered  the  company  was  com- 
pelled to  put  its  coal  into  competition 
with  a  large  supply  of  Australian  coal 
that  was  forced  on  the  market  at  the 
lowest  prices  ever  offered  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

The  Stone  Canon  product  is  a  true  bi- 
tuminous coal  and  with  favorable  freight 
rates  should  compete  successfully  for  do- 
mestic purposes  with  foreign  coals  in  the 
markets  of  San  Francisco  and  other  cities 
of  the  State. 

The  remainder  of  the  output  in  1909 
came  from  Amador  and  Riverside  coun- 
ties, principally  from  lone,  in  Amador 
county.     All  of  this  was  lignite. 

Competition  with  Petroleum 

Development  of  other  bituminous  coal 
pioperties  in  Monterey  and  San  Benito 
counties  has  been  held  back  by  the  enor- 
mous increase  in  the  production  of  petro- 
leum in  California  and  its  use  by  trans- 


portation and  manufacturing  industries, 
which  has  practically  eliminated  coal  as 
a  steam-raising  fuel  in  the  State. 

The  production  of  crude  petroleum  in 
California  has  increased  from  33,098,598 
barrels  in  1906  to  39,748,375  barrels  in 
1907,  to  44,861,742  barrels  in  1908,  and  to 
54,433,010  barrels  in  1909.  By  far  the 
larger  part  of  this  product  is  used  as  fuel 
and,  estimating  3;i  barrels  of  petroleum 
as  equivalent  in  efficiency  to  a  ton  of  coal, 
the  total  production  of  California  petro- 
leum in  1909  was  equivalent  to  more  than 
15,500,000  tons  of  bituminous  coal.  Cali- 
fornia's petroleum  production  in  1909  was 
larger  than  the  entire  output  of  the 
United  States  in  any  year  prior  to  1896. 
Petroleum  is  a  better  steam-raising  fuel 
than  coal,  requires  no  fireman,  and  pro- 
duces no  dust,  cinders,  or  ashes,  and  it 
is  not  remarkable  that  coal  mining  in 
the  State  is  at  a  disadvantage. 

The  records  of  the  California  State 
Mining  Bureau  show  a  production  of  coal 
in  that  State  as  early  as  1861.  It  was  at 
that  time  one  of  the  16  coal-producing 
States.  During  the  later  part  of  that 
decade  and  throughout  the  seventies  the 
coal  output  of  California  exceeded  100,- 
000  tons  annually  and  in  1880  it  reached 
a  maximum  of  237,000  tons.  Since  1881 
the  production  has  been  irregular,  having 
been  largely  influenced  by  the  imports  of 
Australian  and  British  Columbia  coals. 
The  receipts  of  Australian  coal  have  de- 
pended principally  on  the  wheat  produc- 
tion and  shipments  from  the  Pacific  coast. 
Vessels  bringing  Australian  coal  as  re- 
turn cargoes  have  given  very  low  freight 
rates. 


Statistics  of  Coal  Production  in 
Illinois 


Teh  total  production  of  coal  in  Illinois 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1910, 
is  but  little  less  than  the  output  of  the 
preceding  year,  notwithstanding  the  sus- 
pension in  mining  which  continued  from 
April  1  to  June  30.  The  report  for  the 
year,  therefore,  includes  but  nine  months' 
operation  and  indicates  that  the  mining 
equipment  of  the  State  is  far  in  advance 
of  normal  market  requirements.  Another 
feature  worthy  of  comment  is  that  pre- 
sented under  the  head  of  Mininc  Acci- 
dents, which,  on  account  of  the  disaster 
at  the  Cherry  mine,  where  259  miners 
lost  their  lives,  registers  the  greatest  an- 
nual death  loss  yet  shown.  Deducting 
the  number  killed  on  account  of  the 
Cherry  catastrophe,  leaves  for  the  ba- 
lance of  the  State,  131  fatal  accidents,  a 
number  considerably  less  than  for  any 
year  since   1892. 

A  brief  summary  of  the  year's  statis- 
tics follows:  There  were  881  producing 
mines  in  1910,  which  compares  with  886 
in  1909;  the  total  output  of  all  mines, 
in  tons  of  2000  lb.,  was  48.717,853  tons, 
which  compares  with  49,163,710  tons  m 


1909.  The  average  value  of  coal  per  ton, 
all  grades,  at  shipping  mines,  was 
SI. 016;  the  aggregate  home  value  of  the 
total  product  was  350,204,207.  Concern- 
ing the  operation  of  mines,  it  is  shown 
that  there  were  216  motors  in  use  under- 
ground; mining  machines  were  used  m 
114  mines,  which  compares  with  107 
mines  in  1909.  The  mining  machines  in 
actual  use  numbered  1291,  and  18,176,- 
254  tons  of  coal  were  produced  by  these 
machines.  Approximately  40,000  men 
were  engaged  in  coal  mining,  and  of  this 
nimiber,  28,137  miners  worked  under- 
ground. 

As  to  the  cost  of  mining,  the  average 
price  paid  per  gross  ton  for  hand  mining 
was  S0.597 ;  the  average  price  per  gross  ton 
for  machine  mining  was  SO. 462.  During 
the  year.  1.254,095  kegs  of  powder  were 
".sed  for  blasting  coal.  In  the  various 
accidents  of  the  year,  390  men  were 
killed,  of  which  number  259  perished  in 
the  Cherry  disaster.  In  the  year  1909, 
213  men  were  killed.  For  each  life  lost, 
124,917  tons  of  coal  were  mined;  the 
number  of  deaths  per  1000  employed  was 
5.2.  For  each  million  tons  of  coal  pro- 
duced, eight  men  were  killed. 


Coal  Mine  Explosion  in  Alberta 


The  cause  of  the  explosion  in  the  Belle- 
vue  mine  of  the  Western  Canada  Collier- 
ies Company,  on  Crow's  Nest  Pass,  has 
not  been  determined.  Unverified  reports 
indicate  that  about  50  men  were  killed  in 
this  disaster. 

Immediately  following  the  explosion, 
mine  officials  and  government  inspectors 
were  rushed  to  the  scene.  A  special  train 
chartered  by  the  company  arrived  at  the 
mine  about  midnight  on  the  day  of  the 
explosion;  this  train  brought  a  large  quan- 
tity of  rescue  apparatus  from  Fernie, 
Ashworth  and  Michel. 


Mine  Explosion  in    West    Virginia 


In  a  mine  explosion  which  occurred  at 
the  Middleton  mine  of  the  Consolidation 
Coal  Company  on  Dec.  19,  three  men 
were  killed  outright  and  a  number  ser- 
iously injured.  The  explosion  occurred 
about  6:45  in  the  morning,  just  as  the 
men  were  entering  the  mine  to  begin 
work  for  the  day.  It  is  thought  the  ex- 
plosion may  have  been  the  result  of 
gas  accumulating  in  the  workings  from  a 
nearby  gas  well. 


The  new  Sabinas  Coal  Company,  at 
Cloete,  Coahuila,  Mex.,  has  broken 
ground  preparatory  to  erecting  60  new 
coke  ovens.  This  company  also  will 
erect  about  100  new  houses  for  the  min- 
ers. The  new  coke  ovens  of  the  Car- 
bonifera  de  Sabinas  Company,  at  Rosita, 
Mexico,  are  nearing  completion. 


1318 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


Decenibjr  31,  1910. 


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MINING  AND  METALLURGICAL  PATENTS 


^  ^ 


A     CLASSIFIED      LIST      OF 
NEW     INVENTIONS 


'^    ^ 


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cents'.      British    patents    are    supplied    at    40 
cents.      In  ordering  speciflcations.   correspond- 


ents' are  requested  to  give  the  number,  name 
of  inventor  and  date  of  issue. 

COAL,   AND    COKE. 

.  COKE — Apparatus  for  the  Distillation  of 
Coal  and  the  Recovery  of  the  Products.  Kich- 
ad  Sloane  Richards,  Wi-aysbury.  and  Robert 
V  illiam  I'rinsle.  Richmond.  ICngland.  (L.  ». 
No.    974.01!)  r  Nov.    S,    r.)lii.) 

COKK  -  DR.^WING  MArillNE.  Howard 
(:'reer.  Jr..  Chicago,  III.  (U-  S.  No.  9ri,.i:;i.; 
Bee.   (i,   IMO.) 

COKE  OVEN  and  Door  Therefor.  Fred- 
eric W.  C.  Schniewind.  New  York,  N.  i. 
(V  S.  Nos.  976,931  and  976,935;  Nov.  29, 
1910.) 

COKE  OVEN.  Walter  Winstanley  Peck, 
JIanchester,  England.  (C.  S.  No.  974,42.J ; 
Nov.    1,    1010.) 

COKE  -  OVEN  DISCHARGING  APPAR- 
ATUS.  Frederic  W.  C.  Sclinicwind,  New  \ork, 
N.  Y.     (U.  S.  No.  970,0:!4;  Nov.  23,  1010.) 

G4S  DETECTION — Improvements  in  Means 
or  A'rrangements  for  Detectini;  and  Indicalin;; 
the  Presence  of  (ias  in  Coal  Mines  and  Other 
Places.  %V.  Alderson  and  .T.  H.  Holmes,_New- 
castle-on-Tyne,  Eng.  (Brit.  No.  24,3  il  of 
1909.) 

MINING  MACHINE.  Alfred  V.  Davis, 
I.utherville,  Md.  (U.  S.  No.  974,645;  Nov. 
1,    1010.) 

MINING-MACHINE  BIT.  Ralph  E.  Noble, 
Chicago,  111.,  assignor  to  Morgan-Gardner 
Electric  Company.  Chicago,  111.  (L.  fe.  No. 
976,835;    Nov.    22,    1910.) 

PEAT  OAS-PRODUCING  PROCESS,  .lean 
Dolphice  Olignv,  Montreal,  (iuebec,  Canada, 
assignor  to  Peat  Gas  and  Coal  Company,  Mon- 
ireal,  Canada.  (C.  S.  No.  077,409;  Dec.  6, 
1910.) 

WASHING — Apparatus  for  Washing,  Grad- 
ing and  Classifying  Coal  or  Other  Material. 
Frank  D.  Baker,  Denver.  Colo.  (L.  S.  No. 
976,425;    Nov.    22,    1910.) 

COPPER 

CONVERTER.      Ralph   Baggaley.  Pittsburg, 

mn.      (U.  S.  No.  977,022;  Dec.  6.  1910.) 

EXTRACTION — Process  of  Extracting  Cop- 

per  from  Ore  by   I-eaching  in  Place.    Willijun 

I.    Austin,    Riverside.    Cal.      (U.    S.    No.    9io,- 

106;   Nov.   8,    1910.) 

REFINING — Process  of  Reflning  Copper. 
Walter  S.  Rockey  and  Hilliary  Eldridge.  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (U.  S.  No.  978,212;  Dec.  13, 
1910.) 

SMELTING — Method  of  Smelting  and  Re- 
flnin"  Copper  Ores  and  Compounds.  Ralph 
Paggalev.  Pittsburg.  Penn.  (U.  S.  No.  977,- 
9011:     Dec.    6,     1910.) 

OOI.D    AND    SII-VER 

AMALGAMATOR.  .Jo.seph  II.  McNeil.  East 
Saugus,  Mass.  (U.  S.  No.  975,704;  Nov.  15, 
1910.) 

CYANIDING — Treatment  of  Precious  Me- 
talliferous Ores.  .Tohn  Collins  Clancy.  New 
York  N.  Y.  (U.  S.  No.  976,043,  976.044, 
976.045;    Nov.    15.    1910.) 

DREDGER  Bl'CKET.  Charles  M.  Ilickey, 
Stockton.  Cal.  (C.  S.  No.  975,239;  Nov.  8, 
1910.) 

EXTnAPTION — Improved  Process  for  Rc- 
coverliis  Precious  Metals  from  Ores.  .T.  IL 
lUld  Newark,  N.  .T.  (Brit.  No.  24,839  of 
1900.) 

MYDRATIT.IC  GIANT.  Seneca  T,.  Berry, 
Sunnvvale.  Cal.  (U.  S.  No.  978.107;  Dec.  C. 
1910.) 

HVDRATTJC  MINING— Flnsh-Slulce  Con- 
centrator. Warren  IL  Merrill.  Copper  Cen- 
li-r.  ,\laska.  assignor  to  Valdez  Creek  Consol- 
idated MInlne  Company.  (V.  S.  No.  978,468: 
Dec.   13.   1910.) 

PLACER  SEPARATOR.  Dudley  .T.  Forbes. 
Portland.    f)re.,    assignor    to      the     Hydraulic 

PiM-lland,    Ore. 


Penn 


Gravity    Separator    Company.    Porlli 
(TJ.    S.    No.   975,684  ;    Nov.    15,    1910. 


IROX    AND    STEEL 

BLAST-FURNACE  STOVE  GAS  BURNER. 
Arthur  (J.  McKee,  Cleveland.  Ohio.  (U.  S. 
No.    975,556;    Nov.    15,    1910.) 

ORE  TREATMENT — Process  of  Extracting 
Iron  from  Its  Ores.  Stephen  G.  Martin.  Chi- 
cago, III.,  asignor  of  oue-tbird  to  William  O. 
Bartholomew.  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  and  one-third 
to  Edward  Schaaf,  St.  :Marys.  Mo.  (U.  S.  No. 
975,025:    Nov.    15.     1910. l 

REGENER.\TIVE  FURNACE.  Luther  L. 
Knox.  Avalon.  Penn.,  assignor  to  Keystone 
Furnace  ConstructRm  Company,  I'ittsburg, 
Penn.      (U.  S.  No.  973,943:  Oct.  25,  1910.) 

LEAD,   ZINC    AXD    OTHER    METALS 

xVNTIMONY' — Process  for  Recovering  An- 
timonv  from  Ores  and  the  Like.  .1.  U.  Mas- 
son,  Melbourne.  Victoria,  Australia.  (U.  S. 
No.   975,148:    Nov.    S,    1010.) 

LF.VD — Method  of  Freeing  Litharge  from 
Metallic  Lead  Mixed  with  It.  Louis  S. 
Hughes,  Joplin,  Mo.,  assignor  to  Picher  Lead 
Company,  .loplin.  Mo.  (U.  S.  No.  975,955; 
Nov.   15;   1910.) 

MAGNESIUM — Improvements  in  t^c  Puri- 
fication uf  JIagnesium  and  Magnesium  Alloys. 
Chemische  Fabrik  Griesheim-Elektron.  Frank- 
fort-on-Main,  Germany.  (Brit.  No.  23,439  of 
1909.) 

TIN — Process  of  Removing  Tin  from  Tin- 
plate  Waste.  lleinrich  P.raudenlmrg.  Kemp- 
en-on-th.->-I!hine.  Germany.  (U.  S.  No.  074,- 
4.63;   Nov.    1,    1010.) 

TUNGSTEN — Treatment  of  Tungsten  Ores. 
Charles  Morris  .lohnson.  Avalon,  Penn.,  as- 
signor to  Crucible  Steel  Company  of  America. 
(U.    S.   No.   977.096;    Nov.   29,    1910.) 

ZINC — Process  of  Producing  Metallic  Zinc. 
Oliver  B.  Dawson,  El  Paso,  Tex.  1 1'.  S.  No. 
976,557;   Nov.   22,  1910.) 

ZINC — Treatment  of  Ziuc  Ores  by  the 
Precipitation  Process.  Adolphe  Desgraz.  Han- 
over, Germany,  assignor  lo  Imbert  Process 
Companv.  New  York,  N.  Y.  ( U.  S.  No.  075.- 
217;    Nov.    8,    1910.) 

ZINC  AND  LEAD — Improvements  in  and 
Relating  lo  the  Separation  of  Zinc  and  Lead 
from  'Mixed  Sulphides.  Ores  or  Products. 
C.  A.  L.  Wilhelm,  Hamburg,  Germany.  (Brit. 
No.    20.410    of    1909.) 

ZINC-LEAD  ORES — Improvements  Relat- 
ing to  the  Tieatment  of  Refractory  Zinc-Lead 
Ores.  P.  C.  C.  Isherwood.  Leytonstone.  Eng. 
(Brit.    No.    21,584    of    1900.) 

ZINC  PIGMENTS — I'rocess  for  Producing 
Zinc  Pigments  from  Licpiors  Obtained  from 
Pyrites  or  Pyrites  Cinder  and  the  Like.  .lohn 
Herbert  Thwaites,  Peterborough,  England. 
(U.  S.  No.  975,907;  Nov.  15,  1910.) 

MIXING— GE\ER.4.L 

AIR  RESERVOIR  for  Mines.  Patrick  ()uinn, 
Forbes  Road,  I'enn.  (U.  S.  No.  978,642:  Dec 
13,    1910.) 

BL.\STING — Miner's  Combined  Fuse  Clip- 
per and  Splitter.  Samuel  H.  Lunstord.  Lin- 
ton, Ind.     (U.  S.  No.  975,968;  Nov.  15,  lOlii.  1 

DRILI. — Rock  Drill.  Charles  A.  Hultquist, 
Bisbee,  Ariz.  (U.  S.  No.  978,586;  Dec.  13, 
1910.) 

DRILI> — Water-Power  Mining  Drill.  Carl 
A.  Hanson.  Seattle,  Wash.  (U.  S.  No.  077. 
302;  Nov.  29,  1010.) 

DRILLS — Improvenionls  in  and  Relating  lo 
Feeding  and  Reversing  Gear  for  Eleclrically 
Operated  Rock  Drills.  R.  Pohde,  I'lot.sensee. 
near  Berlin.  Germany.  (Brit.  No.  26,051  of 
1909.) 

DRILLS— Improvements  in  Valve  Motions 
for  Rock  Drills  and  f)tber  Direct-Acting  lOn- 
gines  Ingersoll-ltand  Company.  Now  ^ork. 
(Brit.    No.    11.947   of    1910.) 

EXP1.0S|\'ES  -Dynamite  Thawer.  Sher- 
idan S.  Scholl.  Roanoke,  Va.  (U.  S.  No.  978,- 
659;    Dec.    13.    1910.) 

FLT'ME— Jletallic  Flume.  George  L.  He_ss, 
La  .Tunta,  Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  973,6!56 :  Oct.  25, 
1910.) 

FIJ'ME  GATE.  Matt  IT.  Worley.  Redlands, 
Cal.      (U.    S.   No.   973,606:   Oct.   25.    1910.) 

MINER'S  CANDLESTICK.  Antonio  Viern. 
Rav.  Ariz.     (I'.  S.  No.  974,316:  Nov.  1.  1910.) 


ORE    DRESSING— GENER.VL 

AGITATOR.  Louis  T.  Sicka,  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  assignor  to  Ailis-Chalmers  Company, 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  (U.  S.  No.  978,667 ;  Dec. 
13,    191(1.) 

CLASSIFIER— Ore  Classifier.  Arthur  D.  J. 
Malchus,  Silverton,  Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  975,- 
971  ;    Nov.    15,    1910.) 

CONCENTRATION — Attachment  for  Wil- 
fley  Tables.  Walter  F.  Smith.  I'hiladelphia, 
Penn.,  assignor  to  Carolinas  Monazite  Com- 
panv, Gloucester  City,  N.  J.,  a  Corporation  of 
New'  Jersey.  (U.  S.  No.  975,648;  Nov.  15, 
1910.) 

CRUSHING — Improvements  in  or  Relating 
to  Crushing  or  (Jriuiiing  Auriferous  (Juartz 
and  Other  Hard  ores  or  Substances.  G.  John- 
slon,  Glasgow,  Scotland.  (Brit.  No.  17,087 
of    1909.) 

CRUSHING  MILL.  Thomas  Joseph  Stur- 
tevant.  Welleslev.  Mass.,  assignor  to  Sturte- 
vant  Mill  Company.  (U.  S.  No.  977,235; 
Nov.   29.    1910.) 

GRIZZLY — Shaking  Grizzly.  Charles  II. 
Gunn.  Marysville,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No.  975,413; 
Nov.    15,    1910.) 

JIG — Ore  Jig.  George  H.  Willianls,  Chi- 
cago, 111.  rU.  S.  No.  076,419;  Nov.  22, 
1910.) 

JIGS — Improvements  in  and  Connected  with 
Ilvdraulic  Jigs.  D.  Jeffrey.  Lanark,  Scotland. 
(Brit.    No.    24.257    of    1909.) 

SEP.\R.\TION  —  Centrifugal  Separating 
Washing  .Apparatus.  Lamartine  C.  Trent, 
East  Auburn,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No.  978,238;  Dec. 
13,    1910.) 

SEPARATION — Process  of  Electrostatic 
Magnetic  Separation.  Henry  M.  Sutton.  Wal- 
ter L.  Steele,  and  Edwin  G.  Steele.  Dallas, 
Tex.      (U.   S.   No.   977.570:    Dec.   6.   1910.) 

SETTLING  TANK — Tank  for  Settling.  Fil- 
tering and  Collecting  Solids  from  Liquids. 
John"  Edward  Rothwell.  Denver,  Colo.,  as- 
signor to  Colorado  Iron  Works  Company,  Den- 
ver, Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  976,923;  Nov.  29, 
1910.) 

SLIME  CON("ENTRATOR.  Sam  H.  Boy- 
Ian.  Colorado  Springs.  Colo.  (U.  S.  No.  976,- 
430:    Nov.    22,    1910.) 

W.VSHER — Ore  and  Coal  Washer.  Henry 
W.  Falker,  Ashland,  and  Franklin  Schultz 
and  John  F.  Wagner.  Tamaijua,  Penn.  (U.  S. 
No.    977,087;    Nov.    29,    1910.) 

METALLCRGY- GENERAL 

AIR — Method  of  Heating  Air  by  Waste 
Gases.  George  Westinghouse.  Pittsburg,  and 
Alexander  M.  Gow.  Edgewood  Park,  Penn., 
assignors  to  said  Westinghouse.  (U.  S.  No. 
976,966  :    Nov.    20.    1010.  | 

BALANCE — Miners  and  A.ssayer"s  Scale. 
Harrison  S.  Coe.  Palo  Alto,  Cal.  (U.  S.  No. 
977.513;    Dec.    0.    1910.) 

DEST-LPHI'RIZINt; — Treating  Sulphides  or 
Sulphates.  Utlev  Wedge,  .\idmore.  Penn..  as- 
signor to  the  Furnace  Patent  Comiiany,  Phila- 
delphia Penn..  a  (Corporation  of  Pennsylvania. 
(U:   S.    No.   976.525:    Nov.   22.    1910.) 

ELECTRIC  FI'RN.\CE.  Franz  von  Kiigel- 
gen  Holcomhs  Rock,  Va.,  and  (ieorge  O. 
Seward.  East  Orange.  N.  J.,  assignors  to  \  ir- 
ginia  Laboratory  Company.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
'(U-  S.   No.  978.171  :   Dec.   13,   1910.) 

ELECTRIC  SJIELT1N(t  —  .Apparatus  for 
Electric  Smelting.  Frank  Creelman.  New 
Y'ork  N  Y'..  assignor  to  the  Willson  Carbide 
Works  Company  'of  St.  Catharines.  Ltd..  St. 
Catherines,  Canada.  (U.  S.  No.  9i8,13i  ;  Dec. 
13.    1010.) 

UI  FCTROLYTIC  EXTRACTION— Art  of 
ExtVacting  Meals  Electrolytically.  James  Hart 
Robertson  Ne<\-  York.  N.  Y.  (U.  S.  No.  978,- 
211  :    Dec.    13.    1910.) 

ITUNACE.  James  B.  Ladd  and  Davitj 
P.'ikiT  I'hilndelpbia.  Penn..  assignors  to  I-atId 
&  Ilaker.  Inc.  (U.  S.  No.  968.485;  Aug.  23, 
1010.) 

HO  VSTING  —  Annular  Ore-Roasting  Kiln. 
Tobu  Zellweger.  St.  Louis.  Mo.  (IT.  S.  No. 
07i;.7i;o;    Nov.    22.    1010.) 

SM I'M  TING— Imorovi'iuents  Ui  and  Relat- 
iu"  to  Menus  for  Heating  Smelling  Furnaces 
and  the  Like.  Ad. .If  Wirlz.  Mulhelm-Ruhr, 
Germany.      (Brit.    No.   21,652   of   1000.) 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AN».     .  ..NING   JOURNAL 


1319 


i      PERS  O  NAL      1 


Minin;;  and  metahirgical  engineers  are  in- 
vlled  to  kc't'p  TiiK  ICngixekui.nu  and  Mi.\ix<; 
Joi'itNAi-  irn'ormed  of  their  inovemonls  and 
appointments. 

S.  F.  Shaw  is  returning  to  New  York 
from  a  professional  visit  to  Costa  Rica. 

Leslie  A.  Kozminski  sailed  from  Van- 
couver, B.  C,  Dec.  30,  for  Melbourne, 
Australia. 

Oscar  V.  White,  manager  of  the  Slocan 
Star  mine,  Slocan,  B.  C,  has  been  visit- 
ing Spokane,  Washington. 

A.  J.  Becker,  superintendent  of  the 
Lucky  Jim  mine,  Slocan,  B.  C,  was  in 
Winnipeg,  Manitoba,  lately. 

L.  D.  Codshall  has  resigned  as  man- 
ager of  the  Needles  Mining  and  Smelting 
Company,  at  Needles,  California. 

F.  S.  Witherbee,  of  Witherbee,  Sher- 
inan  &  Co.,  New  York,  has  returned 
from  a  stay  of  several  months  in  Europe. 

E.  W.  Oglebay,  of  Oglebay,  Norton  & 
Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  will  start  early  in 
the  new  year  on  an  extended  foreign  trip. 

Dr.  H.  S.  Washington,  of  Washington 
&  Lewis,  New  York,  sailed  for  Brazil, 
Dec.  20.  He  expects  to  be  absent  about 
four  months. 

E.  V.  Buckley,  manager  of  the  Queen 
gold  mine  at  Sheep  Creek,  Nelson  min- 
ing division,  B.  C,  has  gone  to  Wisconsin 
on  a  vacation. 

S.  S.  Fowler,  of  Nelson,  B.  C,  has 
been  examining  mining  properties  on 
Princess  Royal  island,  in  the  Coast  dis- 
trict of  British  Columbia. 

E.  H.  Strehlke,  superintendent  of  the 
Ely-Calumet  Mining  Company,  was  ser- 
iously injured  Nov.  30,  being  struck  by 
a  rock  falling  down  the  shaft. 

David  Cole,  for  some  time  past  with 
the  Greene-Cananea,  on  Jan.  1  becomes 
manager  of  the  Ray  Consolidated  Copper 
Company's  property  in  Arizona. 

Victor  G.  Hills  has  returned  to  Den- 
ver, Colo.,  after  making  an  examination 
of  the  new  Scheelite  mine,  at  Moose 
River,  Halifax  county.  Nova  Scotia. 

Theodore  Dwight,  of  New  York,  has 
entered  the  Catlin-Powell  Company,  hav- 
ing acquired  the  interest  of  Mr.  Powell, 
who  retires  on  account  of  ill  health. 

W.  A.  Paine,  president  of  the  Copper 
Range  Consolidated  and  the  Lake  Com- 
pany, has  returned  to  Boston  after  a  brief 
visit  at  the  mines  in  the  Lake  Superior 
district. 

Emi!  Mclzer  has  returned  to  Baker 
City,  Oregon,  from  a  professional  visit 
to  the  new  cyanide  plant  of  the  Alaska 
Treadwell  company,  at  Douglas  island, 
Alaska. 

John  Hampson,  formerly  superintend- 
ent of  the  Brown  Alaska  Company's 
Mamie  mine  on  Prince  of  Wales  island, 
Alaska,  recently  left  Nelson,  B.  C,  for 
England. 


James  MacNaughton,  general  manager 
of  the  Calumet  &  Hecla  and  subsidiary 
companies,  accompanied  J.  Parke  Chan- 
ning,  who  was  at  the  various  mines  for 
two  weeks,  to  Boston. 

Charles  F.  DeBardeleben  has  been 
chosen  vice-president  and  general  man- 
ager of  the  Alabama  Fuel  and  Iron  Com- 
pany, succeeding  his  father,  the  late  Col. 
Henry  F.  DeBardeleben. 

C.  C.  Burger  has  returned  to  New 
York,  after  having  examined  the  mines 
of  the  Utah  Consolidated  Company  at 
Bingham,  Utah,  and  the  United  Verde 
Extension  at  Jerome,  Arizona. 

H.  P.  Porter,  recently  of  the  firm  of 
Schafli  &  Porter,  engineers,  Houston, 
Texas,  has  been  appointed  chief  engineer 
of  power  of  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Mining 
Company,  with  office  at  La  Fundicion, 
Peru. 

Reginald  E.  Hore,  graduate  of  the 
Michigan  College  of  Mines,  and  formerly 
of  Toronto,  was  recently  appointed  as- 
sistant State  geologist  of  Michigan.  He 
is  now  in  charge  of  the  Houghton  office 
of  the  Survey. 

William  H.  Yeandle,  who  had  charge  of 
the  Barron  mine  of  the  Pachuca  &  Real 
del  Monte  company,  has  been  appointed 
assistant  superintendent  of  the  mines  in 
the  Pachuca  district  belonging  to  that 
company.  His  headquarters  will  be  at 
the  San  Juan  mine,  at  Pachuca,  Mexico. 

N.  V.  Hansen  has  been  in  Norway, 
Sweden  and  Germany  for  some  weeks 
in  the  interest  of  the  American  Grondal 
Kjellin  Company,  Ltd.,  New  York.  With 
him  was  Charles  E.  Herrmann,  repre- 
senting the  Gates  and  other  interests  op- 
erating the  Moose  Mountain  iron  mine 
in  Ontario. 

F.  W.  Jorgensen,of  New  York,  and  E.  W. 
A.  Jorgensen,  secretary  of  the  Batopilas 
Mining  Company,  left  New  York  last 
week  for  a  trip  of  inspection  at  the  prop- 
erty at  Batopilas,  Mexico.  Gilmore 
Goodland  and  C.  H.  C.  Moller,  acting 
chairman  of  the  new  company  recently 
incorporated  in  London,  to  lease  and 
operate  part  of  the  property,  will  also  in- 
spect the  mines. 

John  Hays  Hammond,  on  Dec.  22,  in 
St.  Petersburg,  was  received  by  the  Czar 
Nicolas,  and  gave  the  Emperor  an  outline 
of  the  plans  which  he  and  his  associates 
have  for  the  investment  of  American  cap- 
ital in  Russia.  The  Czar  and  the  min- 
istry are  said  to  be  favorably  impressed 
with  the  proposed  enterprise.  Air.  Ham- 
mond left  St.  Petersburg  Dec.  25,  on  his 
way  to  New  York. 


range  in  Michigan,  was  named.  Mr.  Nor- 
rie  was  educated  as  a  mining  engineer, 
but  retired  from  practice  some  years  ago. 
He  owned  large  interests  in  the  Norrie 
and  other  iron  mines  in  Michigan,  and  in 
coal  mines  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
director  of  the  Rochester  &  Pittsburg 
Coal  and  Iron  Company,  and  a  member 
of  a  number  of  clubs.  He  left  a  wife  and 
two  children. 


^  SOCIETIESWTECHNICAL  SCHOOLS  ^ 


OBITUARY     + 


Ambrose  Lanfear  Norrie  died  in  New 
York,  Dec.  21.  He  had  just  returned 
from  a  trip  to  Europe.  He  was  a  son 
of  the  late  Gordon  Norrie,  after  whom  the 
great  Norrie  mine,  on  the  Gogebi-  iron 


Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society  of 
America — This  society  has  recently  been 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State 
of  New  York. 

Utah  Society  of  Engineers — A  dinner 
was  given  at  the  Commercial  Club,  Salt 
Lake  City,  Dec.  20.  Following  the  din- 
ner, R.  B.  Ketchum,  of  the  University  of 
Utah,  gave  a  talk  illustrated  by  especial- 
ly prepared  drawings  on  "The  Design  of 
Reinforced  Concrete  Beams."  The  dis- 
cussion was  led  by  R.  KlCtting.  About  GO 
members  were  present.  The  entertain- 
ment committee  announced  several  trips 
under  consideration,  among  which  were 
a  visit  to  the  saline  beds  west  of  Great 
Salt  Lake,  a  trip  to  Bingham,  and  one  to 
Tintic. 

Canadian  Clay  Products  Manufactur- 
ers Association — The  annual  convention 
was  held  at  Toronto,  Ont.,  Dec.  14-16. 
President  W.  McCredie  of  Lyons,  Ont.,  in 
the  chair.  In  his  opening  address  the 
president  urged  the  establishment-  of  a 
chair  of  Ceramics  in  connection  with  To- 
ronto University,  that  young  men  might 
receive  a  scientific  training  in  clay-work- 
ing. A  committee  was  appointed  to  urge  on 
the  Dominion  Government  the  need  of  a 
technical  school  for  clay  workers.  A  con- 
siderable part  of  the  time  of  the  conven- 
tion was  devoted  to  discussion  on  the 
standardization  of  brick.  Robert  Davies, 
Toronto,  was  elected  president;  D.  A. 
Lochrie,  vice-president;  D.  O.  McKinnon, 
secretary-treasurer. 

University  of  Washington — The  new 
stamp-rnilling  and  concentrating  plant  of 
rhe  School  of  Mines,  at  Seattle,  is  now  in 
readiness  for  the  short  course  for  prac- 
tical mining  men  which  begins  on  Jan.  4 
and  lasts  three  months.  The  mines  build- 
ing has  been  newly  equipped  with  assay 
furnaces,  additional  balances,  power- 
driven  sampling  equipment,  drafting 
tables  and  all  laboratory  conveniences. 
No  examinations  are  required  for  en- 
trance to  the  short  course  and  the  studies 
are  so  arranged  that  any  person  inter- 
ested in  mining  may  follow  them,  regard- 
less of  his  previous  training.  There  are 
no  charges,  except  for  books  and  ma- 
terials actually  used.  Instruction  is  giv- 
en by  seven  different  departments  under 
the  following  subjects:  The  mineral  in- 
dustry, mining,  fire  assaying,  metallurgy, 
chemistry,  mineralogy,  geology,  mining 
law,  surveying,  forge;  with  field  trips  to 
mines,  mills  and  smelters. 


1320 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


Reports     From    Our     Own     Representatives     on 

Important     Events      From      IVIarLy     Important 

-J^     Mining     Centers    of     the  'World       ^^ 


San  Francisco 

Dec.  22 — A  transaction  of  great  im- 
portance to  Meadow  Lake  district,  Ne- 
vada county,  has  just  taken  place  in  the 
bonding  of  the  Oro  Grande  group  to 
people  who  intend  to  develop  and  to 
build  a  reduction  plant.  The  Oro  Grande 
was  originally  located  in  the  60's  during 
the  Meadow  Lake  or  Summit  City  ex- 
citement, and  has  been  owned  for  many 
years  by  John  P.  Clark,  of  North  Bloom- 
field,  and  F.  J.  Cook,  of  Sierra  City,  but 
they  have  been  unable  to  do  any  more 
than  the  annual  assessment  work.  They 
have  now  bonded  it  to  a  syndicate  of 
capitalists  of  Tonopah  and  Goldfield, 
represented  by  Ramsey  &  Clute,  of  Reno. 
The  price  to  be  paid  is  understood  to  be 
5300,000.  There  are  several  veins  in  the 
group,  of  which  the  principal  is  the  Oro 
Grande,  the  vein  in  which  is  in  some 
places  100  ft.  wide.  The  deepest  shaft 
is  only  150  ft.  Meadow  Lake  district 
has  been  one  of  the  conundrums  of  min- 
ing in  California.  Though  known  many 
years  and  at  one  time  having  a  large 
population,  it  has  been  virtually  deserted 
for  years,  no  one  having  been  able  to 
treat  the  ores.  A  few  men  have  stuck 
to  the  district,  among  them  Clark  and 
Cook. 

It  seems  that  when  the  oil  men  adopted 
a  tentative  bill  to  present  to  Congress 
and  sent  on  a  delegation  to  submit  their 
views  to  the  Congressional  committees, 
they  thought  only  of  remedial  measures 
for  themselves  and  left  out  the  gold 
miners  as  well  as  the  natural-gas  men. 
The  omission  of  the  word  "gas"  in  the 
draft  of  the  bill  sent  to  Washington  has 
aroused  the  ire  of  the  natural-gas  men, 
who  contend  that  gas  is  as  legitimate  a 
discovery  as  oil  and  that  the  two  have 
always  been  linked  together  by  the  Land 
Office.  The  natural-gas  men  are  now 
preparing  to  send  on  delegates  in  their 
own  interest  and  to  present  their  views. 
The  original  committee  left  out  "gas" 
for  fear  it  would  weaken  their  petition. 
They  also  left  out  "gold,"  but  the  gravel 
miners  of  the  State,  especialy  those  in 
drift  mining,  do  not  seem  to  have  got 
together  to  show  that  the  present  rulings 
affect  them  as  badly  as  they  do  the  oil 
interests.  The  Yard  decision,  which  is 
the  basis  of  the  present  trouble,  was 
made  on  placer-gold  mines  and  it  was 
only  when  it  was  applied  to  oil  that  any 
very  great  interest  was  aroused  in  it,  or 
opposition  manifested.  Yet  as  far  as 
discovery  on  20-acre  tracts  and  trans- 
fers of  title  before  discovery  are  con- 
cerned, tnc  drift  miners  are  as  badly  off 


as  are  the  oil  men.  But  no  move  what- 
ever has  yet  been  made  by  the  gold  min- 
ers to  have  their  side  of  the  case  pre- 
sented  in   Congress. 

The  recent  find  of  a  rich  silver-lead 
vein  not  far  from  Darwin,  Inyo  county, 
has  resulted  in  a  general  prospecting  of 
the  whole  section.  Most  of  the  ground 
is  open.  Men  familiar  with  the  region 
say  that  the  new  finds  are  much  more 
promising  than  were  those  at  Modoc,  or 
Cerro   Gordo   in  times  past. 

The  field  consumption  of  oil  in  the  dif- 
ferent districts  is  large.  In  the  Kern 
River  field  in  October,  with  1593  wells 
pumping  and  44  drilling,  the  consumption 
of  oil  was  180,000  bbl.  In  McKittrick 
district  the  consumption  was  20,000  bbl.; 
in  Midway,  ,39,000  bbl.;  in  Sunset  district, 
30,000  bbl.;  and  at  Coalinga,  13,000  bbl. 


Denver 

Dec.  22 — The  general  discussion  of  the 
Colorado  mining  conditions  has  stimulat- 
ed a  study  of  the  situation  by  those  large- 
ly interested  which  will  surely  benefit 
the  industry  in  the  end.  Already  new 
interests  are  investigating  the  opportuni- 
ties in  the  State  and  there  is  a  prospect 
of  much  legitimate  activity  in  the  spring. 

The  management  of  the  Malm  reduc- 
tion plant  of  the  Western  Metals  Com- 
pany expects  to  have  the  plant  at  George- 
town running  in  about  two  months.  The 
testing  plant  is  already  running  and  is 
experimenting  on  the  treatment  of  Lead- 
ville  zinc-carbonate  ores,  which  it  is  be- 
lieved it  can  treat  at  such  a  low  cost  as 
to  allow  a  profit  on  low-grade  ores. 

The  New  York  divers  who  successfully 
started  the  drowned  pumps  at  Aspen,  as 
stated  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Journal, 
were  sent  for  to  do  the  same  for  the 
Helena  mine  in  Iowa  gulch  at  Leadville, 
but  the  divers  found  it  impossible  to 
descend  below  the  air  pump  on  account 
of  the  pressure  against  them  by  the  air 
exhaust  from  the  pump.  The  air  pump 
is  90  ft.  below  the  water  level,  which  at 
present  is  400  ft.  in  the  shaft.  The  sta- 
tion pump  is  at  the  500  level. 

Salt  Lake  City 
Dec.  26— The  United  States  Smelting, 
Refining  and  Mining  Company  has  re- 
cently made  arrangements  to  treat  cus- 
tom milling  ores  containing  zinc  at  its 
Midvale  plant.  There  has  been  a  rear- 
rangement of  the  machinery  in  the  Huff 
electrostatic  part  of  the  equipment, 
v/hereby  the  efficiency  has  been  increased 
between  40  and  50  per  cent.     This  has 


brought  the  capacity  beyond  the  com- 
pany's own  requirements,  and  part  of  the 
plant  will  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of 
customers,  who  have  ores  containing 
lead,  zinc  and  iron.  This  will  make  an 
immediate  market  for  some  Bingham, 
Park  City,  Stockton  and  other  ores,  for 
which  there  has  been  little  or  no  de- 
mand. 

Arrangements  were  made  between  the 
Silver  King  Coalition  Mines  Company 
and  the  Uintah  Treasure  Hill,  Dec.  19, 
by  which  the  Treasure  Hill  group  of 
about  27  claims  will  be  acquired  by  the 
former  company.  The  purchase  price 
is  reported  to  have  been  $100,000,  or  10c. 
a  share  for  the  Treasure  Hill  stock.  The 
property  consists  of  200  acres,  and  about 
70  acres,  owned  jointly  with  the  Silver 
King.  The  Treasure  Hill  company  filed  a 
suit  some  time  ago,  calling  for  a  partition 
of  the  ground  held  jointly,  and  a  sale  by 
order  of  the  court  would  have  taken  place 
Dec.  19,  if  the  above  adjustment  had  not 
been  arranged.  Directors  of  the  Uintah 
Treasure  Hill  have  ratified  the  sale,  and 
a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  will  be 
called  shortly  to  approve  their  action. 
The  Silver  King  has  agreed  to  its  part 
of  the  transaction.  The  properties  of  the 
companies  adjoin,  and  connections  will  at 
once  be  made  between  the  Silver  King 
and  Treasure  Hill  workings.  The  court 
has  continued  the  sale's  day  for  three 
weeks,  which  will  give  the  companies 
time  to  make  the  actual  transfer  and  dis- 
miss the  action. 

Phoenix,  Arizona 
T)cc.  23 — The  Arizona  constitutional 
convention  has  adopted  an  amendment 
to  the  corporation  commission  article, 
which  is  expected  to  have  the  effect  of 
putting  all  "wild-cat"  mining  companies 
operating  in  Arizona  out  of  business.  It 
provides  that  all  corporations  offering 
stock  for  sale  to  the  public  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  inspection  by  the  commission. 
The  measure  is  considered  the  most 
drastic  of  that  character  enacted  in  any 
State. 

Butte 
Dec.  24 — Representatives  of  the  Ana- 
conda Copper  Mining  Company  and  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railway  Comply  have 
recently  been  in  Libby,  the  county  seat 
of  Lincojn  county,  checking  up  the  lands 
of  their  respective  companies.  It  is  un- 
derstood that  where  there  have  been  min- 
eral locations  made  on  land  belonging 
to  the  lumber  department  of  the  mining 
company,  the   company  will   release  the 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1321 


land  to  the  claimants,  and  the  Northern 
Pacific  will  in  turn  give  the  mining  com- 
pany enough  of  its  lands  to  make  up  for 
the  loss.  There  are  7000  acres  of  land 
in  the  vicinity  of  Libby  which  will  be  af- 
fected by  this  change.  It  is  understood 
that  the  deal  between  the  mining  com- 
pany and  the  railway  company  conveys 
all  the  railway  company's  congressional 
grant  land  in  Montana  to  the  mining  com- 
pany. 


Birmingham,   Ala. 

Dec.  26 — Joseph  H.  Hoadley,  of  New 
York,  president  of  the  Alabama  Consol- 
idated Coal  and  Iron  Company,  has  been 
in  the  Birmingham  district  inspecting  the 
properties  of  the  company  and  investi- 
gating recommendations  made  by  H.  S. 
Matthews,  vice-president  and  general 
manager,  looking  to  improvements  and 
developments.  It  is  understood  that  the 
Alabama  Consolidated  intends  to  do 
much  development  when  conditions  in 
the  iron  and  steel  market  improve. 

Announcement  is  made  that  shortly 
after  Jan.  1  steps  will  be  taken  looking 
to  the  construction  of  a  pipe  line  to  the 
Alabama  natural  gasfields  in  Fayette 
county,  in  the  western  part  of  the  State. 
The  pipe  line  will  cost  over  $800,000 
and  will  provide  fuel  for  some  of  the 
larger  industries  in  the  Birmingham  dis- 
trict. 


Indianapolis 

Dec.  27 — The  legislative  committees  of 
the  United  Mine  Workers  and  of  the 
Mine  Operators  are  holding  joint  meet- 
ings to  discuss  recommendations  to  the 
legislature.  There  never  was  a  better 
feeling  or  a  more  harmonious  effort  to 
bring  about  needed  legislation.  The  In- 
diana legislature  convenes  Jan.  14,  and 
there  is  much  speculation  regarding  mine 
legislation.  The  mine  workers  will  urge 
the  passage  of  a  compensation  and  labor 
pension  act  providing  for  a  tax  of  I  per 
cent,  on  the  coal  output,  to  be  collected 
and  apportioned  by  the  State  in  the  event 
of  loss  of  life  or  limb  by  mine  accidents, 
also  of  a  law  that  will  make  the  operators 
pay  the  shotfirers  and  a  law  requiring 
miners  to  pass  examination  and  prove 
their  qualification  to  enter  and  work  in  a 
mine. 

There  is  doubt  as  to  whether  Thomas 
L.  Lewis  has  been  reelected  president  of 
the  Mine  Workers  of  America  or  whether 
John  P.  White,  of  Iowa,  will  be  returned 
the  victor.  The  most  reliable  informa- 
tion would  indicate  Mr.  Lewis'  election 
by  a  safe  plurality.  It  is  certain  that 
Mr.  Lewis  has  made  large  gains  in  In- 
diana over  his  vote  a  year  ago. 


to  the  silver  district,  being  about  the 
same  distance  from  the  town  of  Cobalt 
as  Copper  Cliff.  The  smelting  charges 
will  he  about  the  same  as  at  the  other 
Canadian  smelteries,  but  this  new  company 
has  agreed  that  all  the  ore  shall  be 
sampled  at  its  expense,  at  Campbell  & 
Deyell's  works  in  Cobalt.  The  initial 
capacity  of  this  plant  will  be  20  tons  per 
day,  and  only  high-grade  ore  will  be 
treated.  At  the  present  time  Canadian 
smelteries  are  treating  about  75  per  cent, 
of  the  output  of  high-grade  ores,  the  re- 
mainder going  to  the  United  States,  Eng- 
land and  Germany. 


Cobalt 

Dec.      27 — Canadian      Refining      and 

Smelting  Company  is  building  a  smeltery 

to  treat  Cobalt  ores  at  Orillia,  Ont.,  which 

place  in  conveniently  situated  with  regard 


Toronto 

Dec.  26 — In  order  to  encourage  the 
copper  industry  the  Canadian  government 
nas  passed  an  Order-in-Council,  declar- 
ing that  no  royalty  shall  be  imposed  on 
'he  products  of  copper-mining  locations 
for  10  years  from  Jan.  1,  1910,  and  that 
no  reservation  be  made  in  the  patents  is- 
sued for  such  locations  of  a  royalty  on 
the  sale  of  the  products  thereof  during 
that  period. 

The  first  Porcupine  stock  to  be  placed 
on  the  market  was  the  Hollinger,  and  it 
!.'■  stated  that  the  issue  was  largely  over- 
subscribed. It  is  probable  that  in  the 
near  future  a  great  number  of  stocks, 
many  of  them  worthless,  will  be  floated, 
as  many  thousands  of  claims  have  been 
staked  and  are  being  sold  for  a  few  hun- 
dred dollars.  The  Minister  of  Mines  for 
Ontario,  his  signified  his  intention  of  put- 
ting a  stop  to  "wildcatting,"  but  this,  no 
doubt,  will  be  an  impossibility,  although 
some  of  the  more  obnoxious  forms  can 
be  suppressed.  There  are  now  over  200 
teams  hauling  freight  into  Porcupine,  and 
there  is  a  boom  in  real  estate. 

A  force  of  250  men  is  engaged  in 
pushing  construction  work  on  the  Porcu- 
pine branch  of  the  Temiskaming  and 
Northern  Ontario  railway.  The  number 
will  be  doubled. 

Mexico  City 

Dec.  22 — Recently  interest  has  been 
taken  in  nitrate  deposits  reported  in 
Presidio  county,  Tex.,  and  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  State  of  Chihuauha.  These 
deposits  are  described  in  an  article  by 
Dr.  William  B.  Phillips,  now  State  geolo- 
gist of  Texas,  as  follows: 

"During  the  last  few  years,  reports  of 
the  discovery  of  a  deposit  of  nitrate  of 
soda  in  Presidio  county,  Texas,  have 
found  their  way  into  the  local  papers. 
The  locality  is  about  45  miles  south  of 
Valentine,  a  station  on  the  Galveston, 
Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  railway,  about 
150  miles  southeast  of  El  Paso,  and  about 
two  miles  from  the  Rio  Grande.-  The 
samples  that  have  been  analyzed  by  D. 
W.  Reckhart,  of  El  Paso,  and  were  se- 
cured by  T.  R.  Owen,  of  Candelaria,  Tex., 
and  L,  H.  Davis,  of  El  Paso,  showed  a 
considerable  variation  in  the  contents  of 


nitrate.  The  analyses  were  as  follows: 
26.5,  7.1,  36.6,  and  71  per  cent,  of  sodium 
nitrate.  These  analyses  do  not  seem  to 
represent  any  known  thickness  of  the  de- 
posit. Assuming  that  the  above  analyses 
represent  the  same  thickness  of  material, 
the  average  contents  in  nitrate  of  soda  is 
25.37  per  cent.  This  assumption  may  or 
may  not  tally  with  the  actual  facts  and 
we  await  further  information. 

"The  deposit  of  nitrate  appears  to  un- 
derlie a  sheet  of  lava  of  undetermined 
nature  and  thickness,  but  whether  it  may 
be  derived  from  this  lava  or  be  the  pro- 
duct of  agencies  of  another  sort  is  as 
yet  unknown.  Such  prospecting  as  has 
been  carried  on  there  is  quite  insufficient 
to  determine  the  extent  or  quality  of  the 
deposit.  Along  the  Rio  Grande,  both  on 
the  Mexican  and  on  the  Texas  side,  other 
finds  of  nitrate  of  soda  have  been  made. 
Several  years  ago  I  received  a  50-lb. 
sack  of  earth  from  the  Mexican  side,  op- 
posite the  town  of  Presidio  del  Norte,  and 
within  easy  reach  of  the  Kansas  City, 
Mexico  &  Orient  railway,  now  under  con- 
struction from  Chihuahua  to  the  Rio 
Grande.  It  was  found  to  contain  10  per 
cent,  of  nitrate  of  soda.  But  the  most 
promising  of  all  the  discoveries  is  that 
Oil  the  Texas  side  of  the  Rio  Grande  and 
near  the  little  settlement  of  Candelaria. 
Near  the  mouth  of  Tornillo  creek,  Brews- 
ter county,  another  deposit  of  nitrate  of 
soda  is  reported,  and  south  of  the  Chisos 
mountains,  remote  from  rail.  It  is  an  in- 
teresting circumstance  that  localized  de- 
posits of  nitrate  of  soda  should  be  re- 
ported from  regions  where  mineralized 
hot  waters  make  their  way  to  the  surface. 
On  the  Mexican  side  of  the  river,  about 
three  miles  from  the  river,  are  a  number 
of  hot  springs, .and  another  occurs  near 
the  mouth  of  Tornillo  creek  above  men- 
tioned. 

"The  Candelaria  nitrate  deposits  occur 
in  a  region  which  has  an  annual  rainfall 
of  about  15  in.,  quite  enough  to  affect  in 
a  quite  serious  manner  the  commercial 
aspects  of  the  case. 

"In  this  connection,  mention  may  be 
made  of  the  discovery  of  nitrate  of  potash 
in  a  cave  in  El  Paso  county  north  of  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  railway.  This  salt  occurs 
there  in  crystaline  veinlets,  derived,  it  is 
thought,  from  the  excrements  of  bats, 
rats,  etc.,  as  the  cave  afforded  indisput- 
able evidence  of  having  been  used  by 
these  creatures  for  many  years." 

A  deposit  of  nitrate  is  also  reported 
from  the  State  of  Colima,  near  the  line 
of  the  Pacific  branch  of  the  National 
Railways.  This  deposit  is  of  a  similar 
nature  to  that  on  the  northern  boundary 
being  evidently  a  lava-buried  lake  bed. 
For  many  years  the  Indians  have  used 
this  deposit  in  a  small  way  for  the  pur- 
pose of  the  manufacture  of  fireworks  for 
religious  and  other  purposes.  No  attempt 
has  been  made  to  develop  the  deposit, 
which  is  said  to  run  about  11  to  17  per 
cent,  sodium  nitrate. 


1322 


IHE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


Alaska 

A  strike  of  importance  has  been  made 
on  Squirrel  river,  a  tributary  of  the  Ko- 
buk  river  in  the  Nome  country.  From 
SlOO  to  S300  per  day  per  shovel  have 
been  mined,  and  many  prospectors  will 
go  to  the  scene. 

Dull-Stevens— This  property,  in  the 
Auk  Bay  district,  will  be  operated  next 
spring.  M.  F.  Howe,  Juneau,  represents 
the  company. 

Mt.  Andrew — A  2000-ton  shipment  of 
iron  and  copper  ore  was  the  latest  ship- 
ment from  this  property,  on  Prince  of 
Wales  island.  W.  C.  Freeburn,  Ketchi- 
kan, has  charge  of  the  property. 

Sheppard  &  McKenzie— This  company 
has  started  development  on  the  property 
on  Dall  bay. 


Yuma  County 
Savahai— The  G.  A.  Marsh  Company, 
of  Parker  and  Los  Angeles,  has  pur- 
chased these  mines  from  L.  M.  and  W.  R. 
Bailey,  including  nine  claims  eight  miles 
north  of  Videl,  on  the  Parker  division  of 
the  Santa  Fe  railroad.  Development  will 
be  started  at  once,  and  a  road  to  Videl 
built. 


Arizona 
Gila  County 

National  Mining  Exploration — Reor- 
ganization plan  is  issued:  Iron  Cap 
Copper  Company  is  to  be  formed  under 
Maine  laws  with  51,500,000  common 
stock  and  S.'500,000  7  per  cent,  noncumu- 
lative  preferred  stock,  all  of  SI  par.  Pre- 
ferred is  retirable  at  110  and  convertible 
into  common.  National  Mining  Explora- 
tion stock  will  be  assessed  20c.  per  share, 
payable  before  Jan.  19,  1911.  Old  stock 
will  be  exchanged  share  for  share  of  new 
common;  and  receive  preferred  stock  for 
assessment.  New  common  will  be  held 
in  voting  trust  for  five  years.  The  Na- 
tional Mining  Exploration  has  $1,500,000 
stock  authorized,  par  SI,  of  which  Sl,- 
167,563  is  issued.  Bonded  debt  is  S250,- 
000  all  deposited  to  secure  loan  of  SlOO,- 
000.  Floating  debt  is  S60,000,  making 
actual  indebtedness  S160,000. 

Ray  Central — The  directors  have  an- 
nounced that  Weed  &  Probert  are  mak- 
ing an  examination  and  that  a  report 
will  be  submitted  to  the  stockholders  at 
the  annual  meeting,  Jan.  18.  The  com- 
pany has   1965  stockholders. 

Mohave  County 
S.  A.  Giles,  of  Colorado  Springs,  Colo., 
has  taken  an  option  on  the  J.  F.  T.  group 
and  the  Silver  King  group  of  mines  in  the 
I.  X.  L.  basin,  at  Kingman.  These  min- 
ing properties  are  owned  by  Smith  &  Saw- 
yer, Caddis  Si  Perry  Company,  W.  A. 
Studley  and  E.  D.  Swope.  He  also  took 
an  option  on  the  Oneida  mines,  owned  by 
Caddis  &  Perry  Company,  at  Lorena  flat. 

Yavapai  County 
Arizona   Rainbow   Mining   Company— 
This  company  has  purchased  the   Picnic 
mines  near  Mayer  and  will  develop. 


California 
The  November  production  of  oil  in 
California  fell  off  materially  from  the 
preceding  month  and  was  less  than  any 
month  since  March.  The  entire  produc- 
tion aside  from  field  consumption  was 
5,753,625  bbl.,  an  average  of  191,787 
bbl.  per  day.  It  is  thought  that  unless 
more  gushers  come  in,  a  still  further  re- 
duction of  output  will  occur.  In  May  the 
Slate  yield  was  7,172,313  bbl.,  the  larg- 
est monthly  output  on  record.  At  pres- 
ent over  30,000,000  bbl.  are  in  storage. 

Butte  County 
Amosky — This   new   company,    organ- 
ized  at   Oroville,   will    work   the    Banner 
mine.      Roger    Kitrick    is   president    and 
Charles  L.  Bills,  secretary. 

Calaveras  County 

Economic — This  mine,  at  Esmeralda, 
of  the  Standard  Amalgamated  Explora- 
tion Company,  of  Boston,  will  have  its 
milling  capacity  increased  to  200  tons  of 
ore  daily.  A  cyanide  plant  is  to  be  put 
in  and  another  compressor.  Oliver  Reece 
is   in   charge. 

Anglo-American  Mining  Company — 
This  company  has  been  organized  to  work 
a  gravel  channel  near  Railroad  flat. 

Eldorado  County 

Lady  Edncr—L.  S.  Woodbury,  of  Great 
Falls,  Mont.,  has  bonded  this  mine  at 
Grizzly  flat.  The  different  gravel  chan- 
nels will  be  located  by  drills. 

Rising  Sun — James,  Richards  &  Phil- 
brook  have  taken  a  bond  on  this  mine, 
near  Kelsey.  The  machinery  for  a  10- 
stamp  mill  is  on  the  ground. 

Pacific — .Another  strike  of  excellent  ore 
has  been  made  in  this  mine,  at  Placer- 
ville.     A  mill  will  shortly  be  built. 

Fresno  County 
Davis  Flat — This  company  has  started 
its  5-stamp  mill. 

Humboldt  County 
Dobbins  Bar — This  placer  mine  and  also 
the  lese  Bar  placer  claim,  on  Rock  creek, 
20  miles  from  Orleans,  on  the  Klamath 
river,  are  being  opened  by  Herkebrath 
and  Kneer. 


Southern  Be//t'— Hill  &  Vandercook 
promise  an  early  resumption  of  work,-  a 
syndicate  having  taken  a  long  lease  and 
bond  on  the  group. 

Villareal — The  discovery  of  rich  ore  in 
this  mine  has  stimulated  prospecting  be- 
tween Darwin  and  Cerro  Gordo.  While 
the  deepest  shaft  is  only  15  ft.,  silver- 
lead  ore  is  being  shipped.  The  claims  are 
three  miles  off  the  main  road  to  Darwin. 

Mono  County 

Masonic  Mountain — Work  on  this  prop- 
erty, as   Masonic,  will  shortly  begin. 

Pittsburg  Liberty — At  this  mine,  Ma- 
sonic district,  three  shifts  of  men  are 
driving  on  a  6-ft.  vein  of  $20  rock. 

Nevada  County 

Coan — At  this  Nevada  City  mine,  Dan- 
iel McGonigal,  superintendent,  the  hoist 
has  been  installed  and  the  building  has 
been  completed  for  the  10  stamps. 

Pittsburg — At  this  Nevada  City  mine, 
10  stamps  are  being  added  to  the  mill. 

San   Bernardino   County 

A  rich  silver  strike  is  reported  on  Old 
Woman  mountain,  in  the  Eastern  section 
of  the  county.  Some  of  the  ore  carries 
300  oz.  of  silver  and  12  per  cent,  copper. 

Paradise — At  this  mine,  near  Barstow. 
Manager  H.  Galeron  has  completed  a 
10-stamp  mill. 

Shasta   County 

The  dredge  of  the  Consolidated  Dredg- 
ing Company,  sunk  last  October  in  the 
Sacramento  river,  near  the  mouth  of 
Middle  creek,  has  been  sold  to  laborers 
who  had  claims  against  the  company  and 
they  intend  to  raise  and  repair  it. 

Blacic  Tom— This  company,  at  French 
gulch,  is  running  a  10-stamp  mill  and 
has  50  men  on  development. 

American — At  this  mine,  French  gulch, 
near  the  Gladstone,  a  hoisting  plant  is 
being   installed. 

Gladstone  —  This  mine,  at  French 
gulch,  owned  by  the  Hazel  Mining  Com- 
pany, J.  O.  Jillson,  manager,  has  its 
shaft  1700  ft.  deep.  The  mine  is  a  divi- 
dend payer. 

Afterthought — The  company  continues 
to  prosecute  work  at  the  mines  at  Ingot. 
Eighteen  men  are  on  the  payroll  and  the 
retimhering  of  the  workings  and  develop- 
ment of  ore  are  progressing  along  normal 
lines.  The  Ingot  smelter  has  been  idle  for 
three  years,  and  it  was  recently  stated  by 
the  management  that  no  effort  would  be 
made  to  operate  it  until  a  branch  railroad 
had  been  built  from  Ingot  to  connect  with 
the  main  Hne  of  the  Southern  Pacific. 


December   31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1323 


Sierra  County 

William  Shippsy  has  interested  New 
York  capital  to  develop  his  quartz  claims. 

Loganville — Ore  containing  free  gold 
has  been  encountered  in  the  Westall 
mine. 

Four  Hills — AH  the  property  of  this 
company  in  Sierra  and  Plumas  coun- 
ties has  been  deeded  to  W.  F.  A.  Hood. 
It  consists  of  nine  quartz  and  placer 
claims,  320  acres  of  patented  timber 
lands,  two  mill  sites,  water  rights  and  re- 
duction works. 

Red  Star — Several  tons  of  ore  richer 
than  anything  hitherto  discovered  in  this 
rich  camp  has  just  been  uncovered  in  the 
mine  near  Alleghany.  One  piece  of  less 
than  50  lb.  yielded  over  S2000. 

Fruitvale — A  compressor  and  power 
drill  plant  has  been  put  in  this  mine. 
Andrew  Fitzgerald,  superintendent. 

Tulare  County 
A  shipment  of  150  pounds  of  fir'st- 
class  chrysophrase,  valued  at  S60,000, 
has  been  made  to  New  York  from  the 
mines  of  the  Himalaya  Mining  Company, 
near  White  river.  J.  W.  Merrils  is  the 
superintendent. 

Tuolumne  County 

Snell — This  mine,  near  Knight  Creek, 
has  been  bonded  to  San  Francisco  men 
by  J.  B.  Curtin  and  the  Dorsey  heirs. 
The  ore  in  the  mine  is  free  milling. 

Berkeley — At  this  mine,  formerly  the 
Ida  Klein,  a  hoist  is  being  erected  and 
grading  for  a  mill  is  under  way. 


Colorado 

Chaffee  County 
Madonna — This  Denver  company  re- 
ports a  rich  copper  strike  at  the  mine  in 
the  Monarch  district,  near  Salida.  The 
November  shipments  were  25  cars  of 
$40  ore.  K.  E.  Burton  is  manager.  The 
Lily  mine  in  the  same  district  is  also 
shipping. 

Clear  Creek  County 
A  number  of  the  larger  mines  at 
Georgetown  are  producing  handsomely 
under  the  leasing  system,  which  seems 
to  be  peculiarly  adapted  to  mining  opera- 
tions in  Upper  Clear  Creek.  The  most 
notable  at  present  are  the  old  Seven  Thirty 
and  Smuggler  mines  on  Brown  mountain. 
The  Mendota  and  the  Aetna  report  dis- 
coveries of  shipping  ore. 

Peters  Tunnel — This  project,  controlled 
by  the  Deep  Tunnel  Drainage  and  Mill- 
ing Company,  E.  M.  Palink,  manager, 
has  resumed.  The  tunnel  is  on  the  Little 
Dorit   vein. 

United  Slates  Mining,  Milling  and 
Smelting  Company — This  company  has 
been  incorporated  to  build  a  1000-ton 
mill  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ncwhouse  tun- 
nel, at  Idaho  Springs.  The  plan  is  to 
have    the   mill    in    three    units   each    with 


special    treatment   scheme.      H.    B.   Clif- 
ford is  at  the  head  of  the  project. 

Lake  County — Leadville 

Yak— The  work  done  at  the  600- ft. 
mark  below  the  tunnel  level  in  the  Cam- 
brian quartzite  has  resulted  in  opening 
a  large  body  of  ore  of  excellent  grade, 
and  from  which  a  large  tonnage  is  going 
out  daily. 

Adelaide — This  property,  in  Adelaide 
park,  leased  to  Henry  Beamer.  is  ship- 
ping high-grade  from  a  new  strike  on  the 
230- ft.   level. 

Louise — Otto  Thurn  will  sink  a  new 
shaft  on  this  South  Evans  district  prop- 
erty, on  the  north  end  of  the  claim, 
abandoning  the  shaft  on  which  work  has 
been   going  on   for  two  years. 

Climax — This  Fryer  Hill  property  has 
been  leased  to  L.  Buchanan,  who  will 
explore  it   for  zinc  ore. 

Park  County 
Magnolia — The  Holmes  Mining  and  De- 
velopment Corporation  has  purchased  this 
mine,  at  Alma,  on  Northstar  mountain, 
from  W.  H.  Powless.  The  Magnolia  ad- 
joins the  Lee  Goss,  and  has  the  exten- 
sion of  the  Kansas  vein. 

San  Miguel  County 
About  30  years  ago  the  mines  of  the 
Ophir  section.  San  Miguel  county,  were 
producing  gold  and  they  must  have  been 
discovered  about  '76,  a  current  story  of 
those  days  being  that  the  Osceola  showed 
much  virgin  gold  on  the  outcrop  and  the 
man  who  discovered  it,  being  entirely  ig- 
norant, refused  to  stake  it  because  it 
showed  "free  brass."  The  Suffolk  mine 
is  one  of  the  early  big  producers,  and 
now  it  is  to  be  resuscitated  by  Milwaukee 
capitalists,  who  have  purchased  the 
group  with  its  mill  and  tramway,  and  are 
busy  blocking  out  ore,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  George  Pickett.  The  company  is 
known  as  the  Ophir  Gold  Mining  and 
Milling  Company.  The  Hattie  mine  has 
been  taken  over  by  a  Detroit  concern, 
known  as  the  Modern  Gold  of  Ophir 
Company,  which  has  installed  machinery 
and  will  develop  through  the  winter. 
Eastern  people  have  also  taken  hold  of 
the  Favorite  mine,  and  are  operating  the 
Suffolk  mill  under  lease.  Occasional 
high-grade  shipments  are  also  being 
made   from   the  Caribou   and   Carbonero. 

Teller  County — Cripple  Creek 
There  has  been  another  change 
in  the  formation  of  the  ground  in  the 
heading  of  the  Roosevelt  tunnel,  and 
the  breast  recently  was  dry.  In  all  there 
is  some  6500  gal.  per  min.  coming 
through  the  tunnel.  This  may  be  utilized 
for  power,  as  it  is  expected  this  flow 
will  continue  many  years.  Below  the 
portal  there  is  an  ideal  power  site.  In 
all  probability  the  tunnel  company  will 
organize  a  subsidiary  company  to  build  a 
power  plant.  It  is  figured  that  there  is 
52,000,000  gal.  stored   for  every  vertical 


foot,  so  it  will  be  10  years  before  all  of 
the  water  goes  out.  The  heading  of  the 
tunnel  is  going  ahead  at  a  good  rate 
and  the  water  line  is  dropping  in  every 
mine  in  the  camp,  each  property  showing 
some  fall  in  the  water,  even  in  the  very 
east  end. 


Indiana 
Sullivan  County 
Shirley  Hill  Coal  Mining  Company — 
This  company  has  filed  a  petition  for  an 
injunction  against  Country  Treasurer  Ed- 
ward Ward  to  prevent  him  from  forcing 
the  collection  of  taxes  on  $8360  of  al- 
leged omitted  property.  The  incoming 
legislature  will  be  asked  for  a  law  mak- 
ing the  method  of  taxing  mine  property 
more  specific. 

Vico  County 
Arrangements  are  being  made  for  the 
running  of  a  miners'  train  by  the  Chi- 
cago &  Eastern  Illinois  from  Terre  Haute 
to  Clinton.  The  necessity  of  such  a 
train  is  pointed  out  by  H.  V.  Shelburn, 
of  the  Aliami  Coal  Company,  which  has 
extensive  mining  interests  in  the  Clinton 
field.  Mr.  Shelburne  says  the  train  will 
carry  a  large  number  of  miners  from 
Terre  Haute,  Brazil,  Ehrmandale,  Bur- 
nett and  other  mining  towns  in  the  Clin- 
ton fields.  Many  miners  own  their  own 
homes  and  would  be  enabled  to  live  in 
them,  whereas  at  present  they  are  com- 
pelled to  live  in  Clinton  or  mining  camps 
while   working   in  the   Clinton    Field. 

Kansas 

Lockport — C.  C.  Playter  has  purchased 
the  Mammoth  mill  and  will  move  it  on  to 
the  Lockport  tract,  at  Galena,  where  he 
will  open  up  a  daylight  mine  south  of  the 
Mess  mine. 


Michigan 
Iron 
Explorations  are  being  continued  in 
the  Iron  River  district  on  the  Alenominee 
range.  The  Munro  Iron  Mining  Company 
has  two  drills  exploring  section  26,  43- 
34,  east  of  the  Swanson  and  Michaels 
properties,  and  owned  by  the  Wisconsin 
Land  and  Lumber  Company.  The  Steel 
Corporation  has  a  drill  on  the  Brown 
property,  section  27,  43-35.  Another  one 
is  on  the  Waite  farm,  section  20,  43-34, 
for  the  Huron  Mining  Company.  The 
Cleveland-Cliffs  Company  is  increasing 
its  holdings  in  Bates  township.  It  has 
recently  started  diamond-drill  work  on 
the  Kranz  and  Gustafson  properties,  sec- 
tion 23,  43-34.  Another  crew  is  on  Peter 
Sjoquist's  farm,  in  section  22,  43-34.  The 
Verona  Mining  Company,  Pickands, 
Mather  &  Co.,  which  has  been  exploring 
the  Spies  lands,  in  section  23.  43-35,  east 
of  the  James  mine,  near  Iron  river,  has 
suspended  operations.  It  is  understood 
that  ore  was  cut  but  it  was  low-grade. 


1324 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


Dece.T.b.r  31,  1910. 


Minnesota 
The  Interstate  company,  the  Minnesota 
mining  division  of  the  Jones  &  Laughlin, 
is  about  to  award  a  contract  for  stripping 
the  Longyear  mine,  east  of  Hibbing.  It 
is  estimated  that  the  removal  of  4,000,000 
cu.yd.  of  earth  will  be  necessary.  The 
stripping  at  the  Susquehanna  mine  at 
Hibbing  requires  the  removal  of  earth 
ranging  in  depth  from  80  to  150  ft.  and 
excellent  progress  has  been  made.  It  is 
estimated  that  2,000,000  cu.yd.  have  been 
taken  from  the  pit..  John  R.  Harrington, 
of  Virginia,  one  of  the  owners  of  the 
Jack  Pot  near  Chisholm,  says  that  the 
shaft  has  already  reached  300  ft.,  and 
within  two  months  it  is  expected  to  at- 
tain the  point  at  which  ore  was  encount- 
ered by  the  diamond  drill,  450  ft.  down. 


Missouri 

The  Kansas  Natural  Gas  Company  has 
raised  the  price  of  fuel  gas  for  the  mines 
from  12'  .c.  to  25c.  per  1000  cu.ft.  This 
will  compel  most  of  the  mines  using  gas 
under  the  boilers  to  burn  coal,  as  the  new 
price  will  hardly  pay. 

Daisy — This  mine,  at  Springfield,  has 
been  sold  by  V.  N.  Bray,  of  Springfield, 
to  George  Mutschler,  of  Springfield,  and 
Benjamin  Schnierie  and  D.  R.  Emmons, 
of  Kansas  City,  for  S40,000.  This  is  the 
old  Pierson  Creek  mine  that  has  pro- 
duced a  large  tonnage  of  ore. 

Clara  Bell — This  mill,  near  Belle  Cen- 
ter has  burned. 

Granby — This  company,  operating  on 
Oronogo  has  drained  the  ground  and  has 
commenced  operations. 

Henrietta — This  company  has  complet- 
ed the  construction  of  the  new  tailing  mill 
on  the  Old  Judge  tailing  pile  at  Oronogo. 

Little  Francis — B.  M.  Seward  and  C.  C. 
Yoder  have  purchased  two-thirds  of  the 
Little  Francis  mine,  at  Neck  City,  on  the 
Quick  Seven  lease,  from  Henry  McGill 
and  Lewis  Schweickert,  for  825,000. 

Oronogo  Circle — This  mine,  at  Oron- 
ogo, has  broken  the  hoisting  record  of 
the  district  by  hoisting  1035  cans  of  dirt, 
1000  lb.,  in  an  eight-hour  shift  at  the  No. 
3  shaft.  The  distance  hoisted  was  273 
ft.  and  a  Freeman  double-engine,  first- 
motion  hoist  was  used.  This  same  shaft 
recently  made  a  record  of  800  cans  per 
shift  for  a  week's  run,  or  400  tons  per 
shift  from  one  shaft. 


Montana 

Butte  District 
C.  F.  Kelley,  chief  counsel  for  the 
Anaconda  company,  has  issued  a  state- 
ment with  reference  to  the  controversy 
between  that  company  and  the  Butte  & 
Ballaklava  company,  concerning  the 
ownership  of  the  Mountain  Chief  claim, 
north  of  the  Ballaklava  claim.  Mr.  Kel- 
ley says  that  the  Anaconda  company  pro- 
posed a  plan  for  the  prosecution  of  de- 


velopment work  to  de-moflstrate  the  po- 
sition of  the  apex  of  the  orebody  and  the 
ownership  of  the  vein.  This  was  agreed 
to  but  Mr.  Kelley  charges  that  early  in 
1910  the  Ballaklava  company  broke  the 
agreement  by  beginning  excavating  and 
stoping  of  the  orebody.  After  an  un- 
available protest  the  Anaconda  company 
filed  suit  on  Aug.  22  and  obtained  a  re- 
straining order  against  the  Ballaklava, 
which  has  been  in  force  ever  since.  Mr. 
Kelley  alleges  that  the  trial  of  the  case 
has  been  repeatedly  postponed  at  the 
request  of  the  Ballaklava  company.  He 
adds:  "There  is  no  expectation  that  there 
will  be  a  compromise  in  the  case  and  it 
is  not  believed  by  the  Anaconda  com- 
pany that  the  case  is  one  which  will  per- 
mit of  a  compromise  waiving  the  claims 
of  the  Anaconda  company  to  any  part 
of  the  orebody  in  question,  or  to  the 
recovery  of  damages  for  ore  which  has 
been  extracted  by  the  Ballaklava  com- 
pany." 

Butte  &  Ballaklava — The  hearing  on 
the  order  to  show  cause  why  the  restrain- 
ing order  heretofore  issued  against  the 
company  in  the  Anaconda  Copper  Min- 
ing Company  case  should  not  be  con- 
tinued in  force  until  the  final  determina- 
tion of  the  suit  was  continued  recently 
until  Jan.  23,  on  account  of  the  necessity 
of  the  court  hearing  election  contest 
cases. 

Anaconda — Stoping  on  the  1300-  and 
I800-ft.  levels  of  the  Badger  State  was 
begun  about  a  month  ago,  all  ore  pre- 
viously shipped  having  been  taken  out 
in  development.  On  the  1800-ft.  level 
the  crosscut  is  being  extended  north.  The 
ore  bins  are  being  enlarged  to  one-half 
again  their  original  capacity.  At  the 
Mountain  View  mine  hoisting  in  the  main 
shaft  wll  probably  be  discontinued  on 
Jan.  1  to  allow  the  main  hoist  to  be 
changed  so  that  it  may  be  operated  by  air. 
This  will  take  from  six  to  eight  weeks. 
A  new  engine  will  be  set  up  for  use  in 
the  three-compartment  air  shaft  which  is 
the  same  depth  as  the  main  shaft  and 
about  one-half  the  normal  output  of  the 
mine  will  be  hoisted  by  that  means.  The 
output  of  the  Badger  State  will  be  in- 
creased also  during  the  shutdown  at  the 
Mountain  View.  At  the  Pennsylvania 
mine  the  crosscut  south  on  the  1800-ft. 
level  has  progressed  1200  ft.  and  has  cut 
No.  1  vein,  on  which  drifts  are  being  run 
east  and  west.  About  900  tons  are  being 
produced  daily. 

North  Butte — The  shaft,  now  down 
2400  ft.,  will  be  sunk  to  the  2800-ft.  level 
the  first  part  of  1911.  On  the  Edith  May 
vein  at  the  2200- ft.  level  a  winze  has 
been  sunk  112  ft.  and  a  drift  run  from 
there  about  200  feet. 

Fergus  County 

The  sapphire  mines,  now  owned  by  the 

New   Mine   Syndicate,  in   Fergus   county, 

were  discovered   in    1891,  hut  were  only 

slightly     developed     for     several     years 


thereafter.  In  1906  John  Burke  sold  his 
interest  in  the  mines  to  the  American 
syndicate  and  active  operations  have  been 
carried  on  ever  since.  The  vein  is  known 
as  the  Yogo  vein  and  is  six  miles  long. 
On  this  vein  the  New  Mine  syndicate 
owns  13  and  the  American  syndicate 
seven  claims.  The  stones  obtained  from 
the  matrix  are  usually  small  and  are  used 
by  watch  manufacturers.  The  New  Mine 
Syndicate  has  recently  sent  a  3600-lb. 
shipment  of  sapphires  to  its  London  of- 
fice. 

Jefferson  County 
Boston  &  Corbin — Sinking  on  the  shaft 
continues  steadily  and   1100  ft.  has  been 
reached. 

Lewis  and  Clark  County 
Strawberry — Recent     test     runs     have 
proved   so  satisfactory   that  the  manage- 
ment has  ordered  a  10-stamp  mill  which 
will  be  in  operation  by  February. 

Sanders  County 
Camas  Copper  Mining  and  Milling 
Company — The  company  has  been  incor- 
porated by  L.  L.  Colvin,  H.  G.  Remick, 
S.  K.  Williams,  D.  C.  Hervey  and  H.  H. 
Carlson;  capital,  $600,000.  Its  claims 
are  near  Camas,  and  carry  copper,  sil- 
ver and  gold. 


Nevada 

Esmeralda  County 

At  Pigeon  Springs,  40  miles  east  of 
Goldfield,  a  syndicate  of  Goldfield  men, 
consisting  of  C.  G.  Patrick,  Charles  Stev- 
enson and  Bob  Ellsworth,  have  resumed 
operations  in  an  old  working.  The  com- 
pany has  a  10-stamp  mill  situated  four 
miles  from  the  property.  Charles  Steven- 
son is  in  charge. 

Ohio  Mining  Company — This  company 
has  been  organized  at  Lorain,  Ohio,  to 
operate  a  lease  on  C.O.D.  ground  at  Gold- 
field. 

Gotham  Mining  and  Leasing  Company 
— This  company  will  operate  leases  on  the 
Alamo  and  Silver  Moon  properties,  at 
Lucky  Boy.  J.  J.  McCarthy  will  have 
charge.  The  Alamo  shaft  will  be  sunk 
from  the  750- ft.  level  to   1500  feet. 

Luning  Gold  Mine  Syndicate — This 
property  at  Luning,  claims  to  have  96,- 
000  tons  of  S20  ore  blocked.  Financial 
arrangements  for  money  for  a  mill  are 
being  made.  Robert  B.  Todd,  of  Los 
Angeles,  is  in  charge. 

Lander  County 
Kimberly  Consolidated — The  company 
reports  the  expenditure  of  $130,202  on  the 
property  in  10  months.  Plans  for  a  60- 
stamp  mill  are  being  made.  Work  on  the 
20-stamp  unit  will  start  in  January. 
Henry  Anderson,  Reno,  is  president. 

Nye  County 
There  is  more  actual  mining  now  be- 
ing carried  on  in  Nye  county  with  regard 
to  the  extraction  of  pay  ore,  than  at  any 


December  31,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING    AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1325 


time  since  U'06.  This  fact  is  borne  out 
by  the  compilation  of  the  bullion  tax 
statement  for  the  quarter  ended  Sept.  30, 
1910.  The  statements  as  returned  by 
the  different  mining  companies  in  the 
county  show  that  the  tax  for  the  quarter 
amounted  to  513,917.  The  net  yield  or 
value  on  which  the  taxes  were  levied 
amounted  to  5192,971,  obtained  from 
107,911  tons  of  ore  milled. 

Tonopah  Mining — November  profits 
amounted  to  5155,000,  compared  with 
October  figures  of  5169,000.  Net  profit 
for  1910  should  be  in  the  neighborhood 
of  52,000,000. 

Creenwater  Copper  Mines  and  Smelt- 
ers Company — This  Nevada  company 
which  has  5225,000  cash  in  the  treasury 
but  no  mine,  is  negotiating  for  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Empire  Copper  Company  at 
Yerington.  It  is  reported  that  George 
Wingfield  will  be  interested  with  the  com- 
pany in  the  Empire  operation.  The  Green- 
water  company  has  examined  over  50 
mines  during  the  year. 

Tonopah  -  Belmont  —  Operations  will 
soon  be  transferred  to  the  new  Belmont 
shaft  and  the  Desert  Queen  shaft  will 
then  be  used  as  an  auxiliary. 

MacNamara — A  station  is  started  at 
the  700-ft.  level  preparatory  to  a  cross- 
cut to  the  orebody  on  the  800- ft.  level 
southeast  of  the  fault.  Ore  is  being 
shipped  to  Coram,  Cal. 

Return  Mining  Company — This  com- 
pany, C.  M.  Complin,  manager,  is  de- 
veloping in  Nye  county,  70  miles  south- 
east of  Austin.     Ore  is  being  shipped. 

Jim  Butler — The  compressor  and  motor 
have  been  installed  and  shaft  work  will 
soon  begin. 

White  Pine  County 
Nei'ada     Consolidated — The     company 
has  closed   a  contract  with  Standard  Oil 
Company  for  oil  for  fuel  purposes,  which 
will  be  substituted  for  coal. 


New  Mexico 

Cerrillos  Lead  Mining  Company — This 
company  has  been  formed  to  operate  in 
the  Cerrillos  district.  F.  C.  Wilson,  of 
Santa  Fe,  is  in  charge. 

Caprock — These  mines,  east  of  Tucum- 
cari,  are  being  developed  in  charge  of  J. 
F.  Hopkins.  Franklin  W.  Merritt,  of 
Duluth,  is  interested. 


Oregon 

Grant  County 
Red  Boy — The  capital  of  this  company 
his  been  increased  from  51,000.000  to 
SI. 400,000,  a  fund  has  b°-n  created  for 
further  development.  The  property  is 
near   Granite. 

Jackson  County 
Centennial — This  mine  will  be  operated 
this  winter  by  Rhoten  &  McGee,  of  Gold 
Hill.     Lumber   is   being   transported    for 
the   flume  and   dam. 


Josephine  County 

The  Deep  Gravel  and  Simmons-Camer- 
on mines  have  been  acquired  by  a  New 
York  company,  headed  by  O.  A.  Turner. 

Blalock — This  placer  property  has  been 
leased  to  John  Willtrout,  of  Placer,  who 
will  install  machinery  and   operate. 

Lane  County 
West  Coast — Kelso,  Wash.,  people 
have  purchased  the  interest  of  the  Wheel- 
er estate  in  this  mine,  near  Cottage 
Grove,  and  515,000  will  be  spent  <n  de- 
velopment. 


Utah 
Beaver  County 

Work  in  the  Star  district  has  been  held 
back  on  account  of  the  limited  supply  of 
water.  The  pipe  line  from  wells  in  the 
valley  is  completed,  but  the  operation 
of  the  new  water  system  has  been  de- 
layed by  the  nonarrival  of  a  pump. 

South  Utah — During  October  and  No- 
vember, 34,971  tons  of  ore  were  milled, 
producing  2848  tons  of  concentrates, 
which  averaged  9.62  per  cent,  copper, 
and  carried  a  total  of  219  oz.  gold  and 
3300  oz.  silver.  The  value  of  the  mill 
ore  and  the  saving  have  not  been  made 
public.  About  700  tons  per  day  are  be- 
ing milled. 

White  Rock — A  car  of  ore  running  46 
per  cent,  lead  and  30  oz.  silver  with 
some  gold  and  copper  has  been  shipped 
recently.  This  ore  came  largely  from 
the  100-ft.  level.  The  property  adjoins 
the  Harrington-Hickory  mine  of  the 
Majestic  property. 

Majestic — New  pumping  equipment  is 
being  installed,  which  it  is  expected  will 
overcome  the  water  difficulties. 

Horn  Silver — At  the  annual  meeting 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  Dec.  6,  the  number  of 
directors  was  increased  from  seven  to 
nine.  Work  on  the  new  75-ton  mill  has 
been  started.  The  old  mill  building  will 
be  utilized,  and  provided  with  new  equip- 
ment. 

Red  Warrior — New  ore  has  been  en- 
countered near  the  4-A.  stope,  and  has 
been  opened  up  for  some  distance.  A 
crosscut  is  being  driven  on  the  500,  and 
stoping  will  be  started  from  this  level. 

Utah  Mining,  Milling  and  Transporta- 
tion— The  orebody  on  the  300  level  of 
the  Lady  Bryan  has  been  opened  for 
20  ft.,  and  carries  around  35  per  cent, 
lead,  55  oz.  silver  and  2'j  per  cent,  cop- 
per. Six  inches  along  the  footwall  run 
especially  high  in  silver.  Shipments  are 
being  made. 

Moscow — Four  cars  of  ore  have  been 
shipped  recently,  bringing  $8424.  or  an 
average  of  52106  to  the  car.  Three  more 
cars  arc  on  the  road.  During  the  spring 
and  summer,  the  company  paid  off  in- 
debtedness of  about  530,000,  but  was 
unable  to  work  at  full  capacity,  on  ac- 
count of  lack  of  water.     One  car  of  the 


four  cars  mentioned  above  carried  26 
per  cent,  lead,  73  oz.  silver  and  3.8  per 
cent,  copper  per  ton,  bringing  52507.  Ore 
is  being  mined  from  the  400-ft.  level, 
and  from  winzes  below  it. 

Juab  County 

Victoria — Drifting  is  being  done  on 
the  1500  level  for  the  ore  zone,  which 
it  is  expected  will  be  reached  in  a  few 
hundred  feet.  There  is  some  talk  of 
building  a  tramway  to  the  railroad  in 
the  spring. 

Grand  Central^-A  station  is  being  cut 
above  the  900,  where  the  workings  con- 
nect with  the  shaft  on  the  Mammoth 
side,  from  which  ore  has  been  hoisted 
for  a  number  of  years.  When  the  ore 
house  now  being  built  is  completed,  ore 
will  be  brought  up  through  the  new 
Victoria    shaft   on   the    Eureka   side. 

Colorado — The  output  has  been  in- 
creased to  some  extent  and  is  between 
80  and  100  tons  a  day.  A  part  of  this  is 
from  the  new  ore  which  was  recently 
uncovered. 

Tintic  Standard — Work  will  be  resumed 
on  the  700-  and  lOOO-ft.  levels,  after 
the  temporary  shutdown.  On  the  700, 
the  drift  has  followed  the  vein  30  ft., 
and  has  encountered  bunches  of  carbon- 
ate and  galena  ore.  On  the  1000  level 
100  ft.  of  drifting  has  been  done,  and 
mineralized  quartz,  showing  copper  stain- 
ing found. 

Uncle  Sam — Ore  has  been  cut  in  a 
raise  above  the  main  level  which  indi- 
cates the  continuation  of  the  body  for 
125  ft.  from  where  first  encountered.  It 
is  thought  that  this  ore  is  headed  for 
the  Richmond-Anaconda  property,  con- 
trolled by  the  Uncle  Sam.  A  50-ton 
car,  marketed  recently  is  reported  to 
have  brought  51700.  Last  month  con- 
siderable second-class  ore  was  shipped, 
but  the  present  output  is  largely  first- 
class. 

Iron  King — The  tunnel  is  in  about  3000 
ft.,  and  is  being  driven  5  ft.  a  day. 
Enough  ore  is  being  shipped  to  pay  op- 
erating expenses. 

Dragon  Iron — Crosscutting  has  been 
started  on  the  800-ft.  level,  to  prospect 
for  the  Iron  Blossom  gold  and  silver 
vein,  which  has  been  followed  to  within 
a  short  distance  of  the  Governor  prop- 
erty, and  is  trending  toward  this  com- 
pany's claims.  Shipments  of  iron  ore 
are  being  made. 

Iron  Blossom — Several  important 
strikes  have  been  made  recently.  The 
fissure  along  which  the  gold  and  silver 
ore  occurs  on  the  500.  and  which  has 
been  opened  on  the  second,  third,  fourth, 
fifth  and  sixth  levels,  has  been  opened  on 
the  800,  and  also  on  the  1700  level  of 
the  No.  1,  or  South  shaft.  Gold  and 
silver  ore  has  been  cut  on  the  500  level 
underneath  the  cave.  This  ore  is  re- 
ported to  be  of  better  grade  than  the 
South  shaft  reserves,  running  especially 


1326 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


December  3l,  1910. 


well  in  silver.  A  contract  for  silicious 
gold-silver  ores  with  the  American  Smelt- 
ing and  Refining  Company  is  reported. 

Tintic  Central — Drifting  will  be  done 
on  the  1030  level,  east  of  the  shaft,  to 
cut  a  mineralized  fissue  opened  on  the 
870  level. 

Salt  Lake  County 

Utah  Copper — It  is  reported  that  the 
Shawmut  Copper  Company  claims  at 
Bingham  have  been  purchased  by  the 
company,  and  will  be  used  for  railroad 
purposes,  and  as  a  dumping  ground. 

Utah  Mines  Coalition — Suit  involving 
an  accounting  for  stock  was  filed  by  E.  A. 
Ulrey  against  R.  H.  Strickland.  Dec.  19. 
The  plaintiffs  allege  that  they  entered 
into  an  agreement  with  the  defendants, 
and  furnished  them  with  funds  to  de- 
velop certain  properties  in  Big  Cotton- 
wood, with  the  understanding  that  one- 
half  of  any  money  and  stock  the  de- 
fendants obtained  should  go  to  them.  It 
is  alleged  that  the  defendants  received 
a  large  amount  of  stock,  after  organiz- 
ing the  company,  but  refused  to  deliver 
one-half  as  agreed.  The  defendants  deny 
that  the  agreement  was  in  force,  when 
the  company  was  organized,  and  say  that 
there    is   therefore    nothing    due. 

Columbus  Consolidated — After  two 
weeks  of  pumping,  during  which  time 
the  niine  was  flooded  from  below  the  400 
to  the  station  at  the  200  level,  the  water 
is  reported  to  be  under  control,  and  re- 
ceding. 

Sevier  County 

Annie  Laurie — The  petitron  of  A.  A. 
Bell,  trustee,  in  bankruptcy  for  this  mine, 
asking  the  court  to  order  the  receiver  to 
turn  the  property  over  to  him  has  been 
denied  by  Judge  Christensen,  who  or- 
dered the  property  to  be  sold  to  the  high- 
est bider,  at  Richfield,  Dec.  29,  to  satisfy 
the  mechanic's  lien  amounting  to  $25,000, 
and  other  claims  aggregating  $110,000. 

Canada 

British  Columbia 

Rambler-Cariboo — Ore  is  being 
hauled  to  Three  Forks  for  shipment  to 
Trail.  About  300  tons  has  been  hauled 
part  way.  Ore  is  being  mined  down  to 
the  1050-ft.  level,  and  there  is  much  of 
it  available.  Arrangements  have  been 
made  to  maintain  an  output  of  about  200 
tons  per  month.  Average  metal  con- 
tent of  last  fiOO  tons  was  97  oz.  silver 
per  ton  and  42  per  cent.  lead. 

Whitewater  and  Whitewater  Deep — 
Consequent  on  destruction  of  concentrat- 
ing mill  by  fire  and  lack  of  transportation 
facilities,  railway  bridges  and  trestles 
having  been  burned  and  not  rebuilt,  the 
lessees  are  no  longer  operating  the  mine 
outcrop.  The  "deep"  of  the  Whitewater 
vein  is  being  developed  by  the  Deep 
Mine,  Ltd.,  and  J.  L.  Retallack  &  Co.  are 
exploiting  another  part  of  the  Whitewa- 
ter group,  below  the  outcrop  property. 


Society  Girl — Shipment  of  ore  has 
been  commenced.  Tonnage  for  Decem- 
ber will  be  about  200  tons  sorted  ore,  av- 
eraging 12  oz.  silver  per  ton  and  50  per 
cent.  lead.  The  mine  is  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  St.  Eugene,  East  Kootenay. 

Cornell — The  Tyee  Copper  Company 
acquired  from  the  Northern  Texada 
Mines,  Ltd.,  its  lease  of  the  Cornell,  one 
of  the  Van  Anda  group,  on  Texada  is- 
land. During  seven  months  of  1910 
there  was  shipped  from  the  Cornell  4501 
tons  of  ore  averaging  4.47  per  cent,  cop- 
per, and  4.07  oz.  gold  and  1.73  oz.  silver 
per  ton. 

Granby — Output  of  ore  for  calendar 
year  is  approximately  1,100,000  tons. 
Developments  on  Cliff  mine,  Rossland, 
and  Hidden  Creek  mine.  Observatory  in- 
let, both  held  under  option  of  purchase, 
are  encouraging. 

Beatrice — This  mine,  in  Lardeau  dis- 
trict, is  again  shipping  silver-lead  ore 
and  being  further  developed,  after  hav- 
ing been  idle  several  years. 

Ontario 

The    shipments    from    Cobalt    for    the 
week  ended    Dec.    16  were:        Nipissing, 
510,520     lb.;     Drummond,     420,000;     La 
Rose,   170,000;  Coniagas,   126,500;   Right 
of   Way,    120,350;;    Margraves,    120,000 
Little    Nipissing,    113,610;    Cobalt    Lake 
65,700;        Chambers-Ferland,        65,000 
O'Brien,  64,060;  Bufl^alo,  58,040;  Trethe 
wey,  54,840;   McKinley-Darragh,  45,370 
total,      1,933,990     lb.       Bullion— Temis 
kaming,     19,824     oz.;     Buffalo,     14,400 
total,  34,224  ounces. 

Union  Abitibi — This  Larder  Lake  com- 
pany will  shortly  install  a  10-stamp  mill. 

O'Kelley — This  property  in  Gowganda 
has  been  sold  to  a  syndicate  of  Cobalt 
and  Liskeard  men,  who  will  develop. 

Floyd — This  Cobalt  company  has  gone 
into  liquidation. 

Coniagas — At  the  annual  meeting,  Dec. 
17,  the  report  showed  cash  on  hand 
$242,900  and  ore  at  the  smelter  and  in 
transit  valued  at  5374,087.  The  net  profit 
for  the  year  was  $753,888,  and  expenses 
were  5256,524.  The  ore  reserves  are  es- 
timated at  15,500.000  oz.  Cost  of  pro- 
duction was  13.28c.  per  oz.  During  the 
year  the  company  treated  1788  tons  of 
ore  and  shipped  2,726,609  Troy  oz.  of  re- 
fined silver. 

Beaver — Another  oreshoot  has  been 
opened  up  on  the  300-ft.  level  of  this 
Cobalt  property.  This  vein,  which  is 
known  as  No.  5,  was  encountered  on  the 
surface  and  tested  at  the  upper  levels, 
but  yielded  nothing  of  a  high-grade 
character  until  struck  at  the  300  level, 
where  it  varies  from  500  oz.  to  3000 
ounces. 

Trethewey — At  a  recent  meeting  of  this 
Cobalt  company,  the  directors  decided 
to  increase  the  capital  from  $1,000,000  to 


52,000,000  in  order  to  have  funds  to  ac- 
quire other  properties.  This  action  met 
with  opposition. 

Hargrave — High-grade  ore  4  in.  wide 
was  recently  struck  on  No.  3  vein  at  the 
300-ft.  level  about  80  ft.  from  the  Kerr 
Lake  line.  On  the  same  vein  60  ft. 
above,  drifting  is  being  done  toward  Kerr 
lake,  high-grade  ore  continuing  all  the 
way  in  the  face  of  the  drift.  Rich  ore 
is  being  extracted   from   No.   1   vein. 

Mikado — Manager  Nickerson  states 
that  an  orebody  12  ft.  wide  has  been  en- 
countered in  the  seventh  level,  having 
an  average  assay  value  of  520  gold  per 
ton  in  this  Lake  of  the  Woods  district 
gold   property. 

Ontario — Porcupine 
Newman-Mane  ha- Johnston  Syndicate 
— This  syndicate,  composed  of  Louisville, 
Ky.,  and  Hailebury  capitalists  has  se- 
cured a  number  of  claims,  including  the 
eight  Healey  locations  in  Deloro;  the 
Ritchie  group  of  four  claims,  and  the  two 
Mancha  properties  in  central  Deloro.  De- 
velopment work  has  begun  and  some 
good  showings  encountered. 

Edwards — It  is  announced  that  the  Tis- 
dale  location  of  W.  S.  Edwards  has  been 
bought  by  Young  Brothers,  of  North  Bay, 
for  about  510,000. 

Dome  Mines — A  contract  has  been 
placed  for  a  40-stamp  mill  with  a  ca- 
pacity for  250  tons  of  ore  per  day.  A 
representative  of  the  company  has  in- 
spected the  leading  gold  mines  in  Amer- 
ica in  order  to  ascertain  the  best  system 
of  ore  treatment. 

Quebec 

Drilling  operations  on  lots  14  and  15, 
DeLery  in  Beauce  county,  have  demon- 
strated the  existence  of  pay  alluvions  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  river,  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  confluence  of  LaBranche  and  Gil- 
bert river.  The  bedrock  is  between  30 
and  35  ft.  depth  on  the  westerly  bound- 
ary; near  the  easterly  boundary  it  was 
encountered  at  79  ft.  It  is  the  intention 
to  run  an  adit  into  the  hillside  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Gilbert  river  and  drain  the 
whole  stretch  of  bedrock  between  the 
fence  dividing  lot  15  and  16  and  La 
Branche,  permitting  easy  exploitation 
of  the  gold  alluvions. 

Preparations  for  the  installation  of  the 
hydraulic  elevator  on  the  Ruisseau 
Des  Meules,  one  mile  from  Beauceville, 
are  proceeding  rapidly.  The  creek  has 
been  diverted  into  its  old  bed  by  a  dam 
a  little  above  the  upper  adit  for  the  pur- 
pose of  facilitating  the  excavation  of  a 
place  25x50  ft.  for  the  reception  of  the 
elevator.  The  seven-mile  canal  from  Lake 
Fortin  down  to  the  gold  alluvions,  also  the 
600-ft.  dam  on  the  lake,  are  completed 
with  the  exception  of  a  rock  cut  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  canal.  Eleven  flumes 
nf  a  total  length  of  4.300  ft.  form  part 
of  the  latter.  The  maximum  capacity  of 
the  canal  is  2000  miner's  inches  with  a 


December  31,   I9I0. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND    MINING   JOURNAL 


1327 


velocity  of  3^2  ft.  per  second.  The  grade 
is  1  ft.  in  every  600.  The  penstock 
will  be  located  225  ft.  above  the  mechan- 
ical elevator,  furnishing  water  to  a  2000, 
ft.  pipe  line  to  two  monitors.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  washing  will  commence  May, 
1911. 

Quebec  Mines  and  Metal  Company — 
This  company,  operating  in  the  coimty  of 
Beauce,  is  sinking  on  its  Calway  copper 
property,  five  miles  from  Beauceville.  The 
vein  has  a  vertical  dip  and  consists  of 
coppT  glance,  silicate  minerals,  calcite 
and  epidote.  Its  width  is  several  inches; 
the  ore  occurs  in  clean  streaks  and  also 
in  the  disseminated  form  between  well 
defined  walls.  The  country  rock  is  a  dia- 
base porphyry.  The  shaft  is  down  32  ft. 
and  it  will  be  sunk  to  100  ft.  and  at  that 
depth  drifting  will  be  commenced. 

Yukon  Territory 

Two  dredges  of  the  Canadian-Klondike 
Mining  Company,  operating  on  the  Boyle 
concession,  shut  down  Dec.  15,  complet- 
ing a  remarkable  record  for  length  of  a 
dredging  season  in  the  north.  The 
dredges  started  April  24  and  ran  a  total 
of  233  days.  Next  season  these  dredges 
will  be  driven  with  power  from  the 
Treadgold  North  Fork  plant,  for  which 
a  canal  has  just  been  completed  to  di- 
vert this  branch  of  the  Klondike  river. 
It  will  be  the  largest  power  plant  in  the 
north. 


Mexico 

Chihuahua 

L.  W.  Knotts  and  Pedro  Alvarado  have 
leased  Europa  and  Europa  No.  2  to  Fran- 
cisco Rueda  y  Quijano,  of  Parral,  and  de- 
velopment will  start  within  the  next  30 
days.  The  properties  are  a  short  dist- 
ance northeast  of  Parral,  and  have  the 
continuation   of   the   Tajo   vein. 

La  Republica — Operations  for  Novem- 
ber were:  Tons  crushed,  1140;  revenue, 
83,131  pesos;  operating  charges,  51,605 
pesos;   capital   expenditure,  4689   pesos. 

Torres  Mines,  Ltd. — The  British  com- 
pany owning  this  Parral  mine  will 
double  the  output.  The  mine  now  has 
an  80-ton  mill  and  20,000  tons  reserves 
reported. 

DURANGO 

The  Velardena  smeltery  is  working 
three  lead  furnaces  and  three  copper  fur- 
naces. Business  seems  to  be  good  and 
the  plant  working  to  capacity.  An  in- 
crease in  business  for  the  smeltery  is 
expected,  as  miners  seem  inclined  to  send 
ore  here.  A  new  sampling  mill  has  been 
added  to  the  old  one  and  in  it  the 
smeltery  samples  all  high-grade  ore.  It 
can  very  conveniently  sample  an 
entire  car  of  very  high-grade  ore  in  the 
new  mi!!,  whereas  it  was  unable  to  do  so 
regularly  in  the  old  mill,  due  to  the  large 
amount  of  ore  sampled  and  also  to  the 
fact  that  it  received  much  low-grade  ore 


which  it  was  always  afraid  of  salting. 
The  smeltery  is  making  favorable  con- 
tracts. 

The  mining  in  the  Valardena  district 
is  unchanged,  with  no  new  men  in  the 
field.  E.  E.  Payne  is  working  the  Santa 
Ines  mine,  which  has  paid  from  develop- 
ment. Carter  Barker  is  working  his 
Hileta  properties  as  well  as  the  San 
Francisco  .Mining  Company's  properties. 
Frank  Kaerwer  is  again  working  his  mine 
and  making  shipments  to  the  Asarcu 
srreltery.  Juan  M.  Campos  is  working  the 
Conchas  mine  and  shipping.  Aside  from 
the  above  there  is  little  independent  min- 
ing going  on. 

The  American  Smelters  Securities 
Company,  at  Velardena,  is  working  the 
Terneras  mine  and  the  Copper  Queen, 
but  it  has  curtailed  the  mining  in  the 
Santa  Maria  mine.  From  the  Terneras 
mine  it  gets  silicious  ores,  from  the  Cop- 
per Queen  mine  copper  ore,  and  from  the 
Santa  Maria  mine  sulphides  and  milling 
ore.  The  company  is  using  an  aerial 
tramway  for  transporting  the  ore  from 
the  Terneras  mine  to  Valardeiia,  whei>- 
it  loaded  in  cars  and  sent  to  the  smeltery, 
3  km.  away. 

The  recent  reorganization  suggested  by 
the  committee  of  stockholders  of  the 
Mexican  Consolidated  Mining  and  Smelt- 
ing Company  has  fallen  through.  In  a 
circular  sent  the  stockholders  from  Bos- 
ton the  committee  announces  that  out  of 
a  total  of  240,000  shares  only  holders 
of  85,000  shares  deposited  their  stock 
under  the  reorganization  plan.  The  small 
number  of  shares  deposited,  says  the 
committee,  makes  it  impossible  for  them 
to  carry  on  the  reorganization  as  con- 
templated, and  having  been  unable  to 
carry  on  any  further  negotiations  with 
Mr.  Stallforth,  the  stock  deposited  in  Bos- 
ton will  be  returned  to  the  holders  and 
the  money  refunded. 

George  Stinson  will  begin  development 
upon  the  group  of  mines  which  he  recent- 
Iv  filed  upon  in  the  Mapimi  district. 

Prudencio  Corrales  and  Pedro  Salga- 
do,  who  own  eight  mining  claims  in  the 
Tepehuanes  district,  are  preparing  to 
start  work. 

Rafeal  Zepeda,  of  Guanacevi  and  other 
mine  owners  of  the  district  will,  it  is 
reported,  install  a  mill  at  a  cost  of  about 
300,000  pesos  to  treat  the  ores  from  their 
properties.  Mr.  Zepeda  owns  the  Rosario 
mine,  which  has  been  reopened  recently, 
after  being  closed  for  some  time. 

HiDAl.CO 

A  company  composed  of  J.  P.  Warr, 
general  manager  of  the  Blaisdel-Cos- 
cotitlan  syndicate,  Hedley  Ludlow,  of  the 
Amalgamated  Milling  Company,  Richard 
N.  Rabling  and  G.  Gonzalez,  has  been 
organized  at  Pachuca,  for  the  purpose  of 
installing  a  mill  with  an  initial  capadty 
of  100  tons  per  day,  in  El  Chico  district. 
The  company  will  have  a  capital  of  400,- 
000  pesos.    Contracts  for  ore  sufficient  to 


supply  the  full  capacity  of  the  plant  have 
been  made. 

Mexico 

Esperanza — The  company  reports  the 
return  for  November  as  follows:  Mill  ran 
27  days  and  crushed  19,892  dry  tons. 
Estimated  product,  SI 66,503;  net  profit, 
S44,387. 

Seguranza — An  option  on  this  property, 
in  the  Zacualpan  district,  for  nearly 
2,000,000  pesos  has  been  given  by 
George  A.  Waddel,  president.  It  is  re- 
ported that  the  option  is  to  the  Guggen- 
heim interests,  but  this  is  not  confirmed. 

SONORA 

A  syndicate  of  Canadians  is  negotiat- 
ing for  the  purchase  of  North  Tigre  and 
Fortuna  mining  properties,  in  El  Tigre 
district,  Sonora.  An  engineer,  represent- 
ing the  prospective  purchasers,  recently 
made  an  inspection  of  the  mines,  and  his 
report  is  said  to  have  been  favorable. 

Charles  Davidson  has  applied  to  the 
Federal  Government  for  privileges  to 
prospect  for  oil  on  the  Tiburon  island. 

Calumet  &  Sonora — The  main  shaft  is 
being  lowered  from  the  400  to  the  600 
level,  and  drifting  is  under  way  on  the 
40- ft.  level. 

Greene-Cananea — All  work  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Sierra  de  Cobre  No.  1  shaft  has 
been  temporarily  stopped.  A  precipitat- 
ing plant,  equal  to  the  capacity  of  the 
present  one,  is  in  erection  at  the  con- 
centrator. 

Sonora  Verde — Small  shipments  of  ore 
are   being   made   to   El    Paso. 

Ohio  Mining  and  Smelting  Company — 
Arrangements  for  the  shipping  of  ths 
product  of  the  company's  Sierra  mine  to 
the   Fundicion    have  been  made. 

Democrata — New  pumps  are  being  in- 
stalled. 

Zacatecas 

Two  new  mining  companies  have  been 
organized  in  Saltillo  under  the  direction 
of  Ing.  Antonio  Villareal.  One  of  these 
is  to  be  known  as  the  Compafiia  Minera 
El  Banco  Mercantil,  which  is  to  exploit 
the  lead-silver  mine  of  that  name  in  the 
Concepcion  del  Oro  district.  The  other 
company  is  to  be  known  as  the  Compaiiia 
Minera  La  Perlita,  and  will  operate  the 
mines  known  as  La  Peral,  La  Perlita  and 
La  Cocinera. 


South  Africa 
Transvaal 
The  gold  production  in  November  was, 
from  the  Witwatersrand,  617,905  oz.; 
outside  districts,  24,686;  total,  642.591 
oz.  This  is  10,556  oz.  less  than  in  Octo- 
ber. For  the  1 1  months  ended  Nov.  30 
the  total  output  was  6,675,555  oz.  in 
1909,  and  6,893,125  oz.— or  S142,480,- 
893— in  1910;  an  increase  of  217,572  oz. 
this  year.  The  number  of  Kafirs  em- 
ployed In  November  was  194,756,  a  de- 
crease of  1943  from  the  October  report. 


1328 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


^  >- 


THE  MARKETS 


^       ^ 


Cxirrent    Prices    of    Met  al.  Minerals,  Coal   and 
Stocks,  Conditions   and  Commercial    Statistics 


Coal  Trade  Review 


New  York,  Dec.  28 — The  coal  trade  in 
the  West  is  active,  but  is  settling  down 
to  a  more  normal  condition  than  has 
been  the  case  for  some  months  past. 
Supplies  at  the  mines  are  abundant  and 
railroad  service  shows  some  improve- 
ment. There  are  still  plenty  of  com- 
plaints about  car  supply,  and  room  for 
improvement.  The  larger  consuming  cen- 
ters, however,  seem  to  have  passed  all 
danger  of  shortage. 

In  the  East  the  bituminous  trade  is 
rather  quiet.  Car  supply  is  not  as  good 
as  it  was;  in  fact,  rather  worse  than 
in  the  West.  The  anthracite  trade  is 
quiet  and  steady. 

Colliers  for  Foreign  Trade — The  sec- 
ond of  two  large  steam  colliers  built  for 
the  Berwind-White  Coal  Company,  at 
Middleboro.  England,  has  just  been 
launched.  They  are  of  steel,  425  ft.  long, 
and  have  a  carrying  capar''-  -'  ''SOO  tons 
of  coal  each,  with  all   f:ci  ur  rapid 

loading  and  unloading.  Their  engines 
will  give  them  a  speed  of  11  to  12  knots 
per  hour. 

Coal  Traffic  Notes 

Anthracite  tonnage  of  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railroad  10  months  ended  Oct.  31, 
was  744,799  tons  in  1909,  and  837,447 
in    1910;   increase,  82,648  tons. 

Coastwise  shipments  of  coal  from  chief 
Atlantic  ports  10  months  ended  Oct.  31, 
long  tons: 

Anthracite.  Bitum.  Total.    PerCt. 

New  York...  ll.M2,439  !l,32i),063  21.171,602      69.9 

Philadelphia    l,i;il7,.508  3,939,663  ,5,647,071       16.7 

Baltimore....       203.252  3,fl(M,137  3,271,389        9.3 

Nowp't  News     2,420.029  2,420,029        6.8 

Norfolk 2,9.55,199  2,956,199        8.3 

Total 13,6.63,199    21.711,991     35,366,190    100.0 

Total,  1909.  13..640.824    20,105,218    83,646.042     

The  increase  in  anthracite  this  year 
was  112,375  tons;  in  bituminous,  1,606,- 
773;  total,  1,719,148  tons,  or  5.1  per 
cent.  New  York  includes  all  the  harbor 
shipping  points;  Norfolk  includes  Sewalls 
Point. 

Bituminous-coal  and  coke  tonnage  of 
leading  railroads  in  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia,  10  months  ended  Oct.  31, 
short  tons: 

Bituminous.    Coke.  Total. 

Pennsylvania :i.l.050.735    11.169.102  46,209,837 

Bait.  &  Ohio 26.063.673  3,652,076  29,71.5,748 

Buff.,  Itoch.  «:  Pitts.    6,144,230  548.006  6,692,296 

Butt.  &  Silfiiiuoh'na    1,177.945  232.769  1,410.704 

Penn.  lines,  N.Y.C.    6.433.698  67,317  6,491,015 

puts.  «i  L.  Erie 9  828,213  6,187,299  15,015,612 

Pltt8..Shnwmut,<iN.        860.873  10,0.58          870,931 

Norfolk  &  Western.  14,436.376  2,293,241  16,728,617 

Ches.  &  Ohio 13,280,949  381,613  13,662,662 

Virginian 1,046,509  24,057  1,071,166 

Total 113,322,201     23,646,187  136,868,388 

Total,  1908 90,250,858    20,867.041  117.117.899 

The    increase    in   coal    this    year   was 


17,071,343  tons;  in  coke,  2,679,146;  total, 
19,750,489  tons,  or  16  per  cent.  Anthra- 
cite tonnages  of  Pennsylvania  and  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  are  given  elsewhere. 

New  York 
Anthracite 

Dec.  28 — The  hard-coal  market  is 
steady.  Demand  for  steam  sizes  is  es- 
pecially good.  The  weather  has  con- 
tinued cold,  but  there  has  been  less  in- 
terference with  harbor  and  local  de- 
liveries. 

Schedule  prices  for  domestic  sizes  are 
,'?4.75  for  lump,  S5  for  egg  and  stove  and 
$5.25  for  chestnut,  all  f.o.b.  New  York 
harbor.  Steam  sizes  are  unchanged.  We 
quote  for  pea,  S3''r/3.25;  buckwheat, 
S2.25fr/2.75;  No.  2  buckwheat,  or  rice, 
.S1.80f?/2.25;  barley,  $1.40rr(  1.75;  all  ac- 
cording to  quality,  f.o.b.  New  York  har- 
bor. 

Bituminous 

The  seaboard  soft-coal  market  is  quiet. 
Sales  are  moderate  only,  both  for  harbor 
and  New  England  trade,  and  it  is  neces- 
sary to  look  for  opportunities  of  placing 
coal. 

Prices  are  not  strong,  but  have  not 
changed  materially  since  the  last  report. 
Gas  coals  bring  about  SI. 05  at  mine  for 
•}4-in.,  95c.  for  run-of-mine  and  75c.  for 
slack.  Good  steam  coals  can  be  had  at 
prices  which  work  out  from  SI  up  to 
SI. 40  at  mine,  for  run-of-mine. 

Car  supply  is  a  vexing  question  on 
most  lines;  in  fact,  nearly  all  the  rail- 
roads are  a  little  behindhand.  Trans- 
portation is  a  little  better  than  it  was,  but 
is   still   rather  slow. 

In  the  coastwise  vessel  market  rates 
can  hardly  be  said  to  have  changed;  but 
they  are  strong  and  vessel  owners  are 
stiff  about  charters.  From  Philadelphia 
to  Boston,  Salem  and  Portland,  rates 
range  from  85c.  for  large  vessels,  up  to 
$1  for  small  boats.  From  New  York 
70(7/ 75c.  is  charged  to  points  around 
Cape  Cod. 


co?il    and    for    that    reason    is    operating 
all  mines  on  full  time. 

The  production  of  coke  is  steady  and 
there  will  be  a  need  for  all  that  can  be 
manufactured,  despite  the  curtailment  of 
the  iron  output.  Some  coke  will  be  ac- 
cumulated, as  under  normal  conditions 
the  make  is  not  up  to  all  requirements. 

Chicago 
Dec.  27 — Quiet  conditions  exist  in  the 
local  coal  market,  the  demand  for  steam 
and  domestic  kinds  alike  being  light  and 
the  supply  plentiful.  Mild  weather  is 
again  over  Chicago  territory  and  manu- 
facturing needs  are  lighter  with  the  holi- 
day season.  The  stocks  of  retailers  are 
said  to  be  small,  but  steam  users  evi- 
dently are  using  less  coal  and  domestic 
consumption  is  on  a  basis  of  short-supply 
buying.  Without  a  sudden  and  wide- 
spread cold  wave,  dealers  do  not  look  for 
a  marked  increase  in  demand.  Nearly 
all  lines  of  business  are  under  noticeable 
tension  so  steam  coals  will  be  bought 
cautiously.  Supplies  are  large,  from  Illi- 
nois and  Indiana  especially.  All  ship- 
ments should  be  light  until  the  market 
improves.  Eastern  coals  are  in  large 
supply  and  smokeless  has  difficulty  in 
holding  to  its  standard  quotations  of 
S4.30  for  lump  and  $3.30  for  run-of- 
mine,  the  former  being  the  stronger. 
Hocking  is  the  firmest  coal  in  the  market, 
at  $3.40.  Illinois  and  Indiana  coals  bring 
,S2.10r«2.75  for  lump,  $1.80rr(2  for  run- 
of-mine  and  $I.45r(7  1.75  for  screenings. 
Anthracite  has  fair  sales,  with  chestnut 
much  in  demand  and  scarce. 

Cleveland 

Dec.  26 — Local  demand  continues  brisk 
for  domestic  coals  and  good  for  steam 
coal.  The  situation  rests  on  car  supply, 
which  is  still  poor,  and  on  transportation, 
which  is  very  slow.  Coal  is  snapped  up 
as  fast  as  it  arrives. 

Prices  are  nominally  unchanged  but 
premiums  are  being  paid  for  coal  special- 
ly wanted.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  get 
Pocahontas  at  any  price. 


Birmingham 

Dec.  26 — Just  as  soon  as  the  labor 
will  return  to  the  mines  there  will  be  a 
resumption  of  operations  at  the  coal 
mines  in  Alabama  and  the  coal  will  find 
a  ready  demand.  Orders  are  in  hand  for 
all  the  coal  that  can  be  mined  and  the 
operators  are  not  losing  any  opportunity 
to  make  the  best  of  the  situation.  The 
Tennessee  company,  while  cutting  down 
its  iron  production  and  lessening  its  own 
needs  for  coal,  has  taken  on  orders  for 


Indianapolis 
Dec.  27 — There  is  apparently  no  let  up 
to  the  prosperity  in  the  Indiana  mines. 
The  steady  cold  weather  has  made  the 
local  demand  for  coal  good  and  continu- 
ous. The  mines  are  working  full  time 
and  the  miners  are  all  employed. 

Pittsburg 
Dee.  27 — Demand   for  coal  is  light,  on 
account  of  holiday  stoppages  at  the  mills. 
The   holiday   week   has  also   affected   do- 


December  31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING  AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1329 


mestic  trade.  Consumers  are  generally 
pretty  well  stocked;  at  any  rate  they  are 
not  putting  in  coal  this  week.  Slack  con- 
tinues rather  scarce,  but  there  is  enough 
for  the  trade  this  week.  The  leading  in- 
terest has  made  no  change  in  prices,  and 
some  shading  continues  on  the  few  sales 
that  have  been  made.  Car  supply  is  good, 
except  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  which  is 
still  behind.  Quite  a  number  of  mines 
have  been  closed  this  week  for  several 
days  on  account  of  the  holiday.  For  the 
reasons  given  there  is  nominally  no 
change  in  prices.  We  continue  to  quote: 
Mine-run  and  nut,  $1.15;  H-in.,  S1.35; 
1,'4-in.,  SI. 40;  slack,  SZ'/jOiSSc.  per  ton. 
Connellsille  Coke — Apparently  the  cen- 
tial-agency  plan  is  to  come  up  in  a  new 
form.  Application  is  to  be  made  for  a 
Pennsylvania  charter  for  the  Fidelity  Coal 
and  Coke  Company,  with  $300,000  capi- 
tal stock.  The  plan  is  for  the  new  cor- 
poration to  buy  the  entire  output  of  as 
many  operators  as  will  join,  the  company 
to  instruct  from  week  to  week  how  much 
that  output  shall  be.  How  many  pro- 
ducers will  come  in  is  unknown.  The  in- 
corporators claim  to  have  7000  ovens 
promised,  but  that  will  be  too  few  to 
make  a  success. 

There  is  nothing  new  in  the  way  of 
contracts  worth  noting.  Some  scattering 
negotiations  are  going  on.  In  the  ab- 
sence of  sales,  quotations  are  continued 
nominally  as  follows:  Prompt  furnace, 
$1.40ft  1.50;  contract  furnace,  S\.QO(n 
1.75;  prompt  foundry,  S2r((2.10;  contract 
foundry,  S2.25C'/ 2.50,  at  ovens. 

The  Courier  reports  production  in  the 
Connellsville  and  lower  Connellsville  re- 
gion in  the  week  ending  Dec.  17  at  292,- 
612  tons,  an  increase  of  only  177  tons 
over  the  previous  week.  Shipments  were 
9008  cars,  an  increase  of  758  cars. 

Coal  Rates  in  the  Central  U'es/— W.  H. 
Stevenson,  chairman  of  the  Transporta- 
tion and  Railroads  Committee,  and  Ira  S. 
Bassett,  traffic  manager,  of  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  of  Pittsburg,  issued  invi- 
tations under  date  of  Dec.  22  for  a  meet- 
ing with  representatives  of  the  coal  and 
coke  interests  of  Pittsburg,  Jan.  7,  "to 
discuss  questions  relating  to  the  rate 
situation  on  coal  and  coke  to  the  Lakes." 
It  has  frequently  occurred  that  questions 
relating  to  Pittsburg  which  have  differ- 
ently affected  different  classes  of  the 
membership  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce have  been  sidetracked  or  shelved, 
and  it  has  been  openly  charged  that  some 
men  were  members  of  the  chamber  in  or- 
der to  discourage  certain  work  rather 
than  to  encourage  it.  We  understand 
special  pains  were  taken  to  get  the  pres- 
ent invitation  to  those  in  particular  who 
are  anxious  to  have  rates  reduced  from 
Pittsburg  to  the  Lakes.  The  subject  is 
really  an  old  one,  having  been  agitated 
vigorously  in  the  nineties,  while  in  recent 
years,  on  account  of  the  general  prosper- 
ity, it  has  commanded  little  attention.  It 


is  simply  that,  comparing  ton-mileage 
rates,  the  railroads  have  discriminated 
against  Pittsburg  district  coal  and  in  fa- 
vor of  various  southern  Ohio  and  West 
Virginia  fields.  To  the  Pittsburg  district 
this  is  discrimination;  to  the  railroads  it 
is  equalization,  it  being  necessary  to 
make  the  differentials  in  order  to  give 
southern  Ohio  and  West  Virginia  the 
Lake  outlet  and  distribute  the  tonnage 
among  the  roads.  Claims  are  made  that 
an  adjustment  can  be  secured  without  in- 
tervention of  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission,  but  this  is  to  be  doubted.  A 
prophecy  is  also  made  that  the  stirring 
up  of  the  subject  at  this  time  of  the  rela- 
tive position  of  the  different  districts  will 
precipitate  a  coal  war  of  no  mean  pro- 
portions. It  is  not  improbable  that  de- 
velopments in  the  coal  situation  in  the 
next  few  months  will  be  of  unusual  inter- 
est. 

St.  Louis 

Dec.  26 — The  market  this  week  has 
naturally  been  slow  owing  to  the  holi- 
days. There  has  been  very  little  of  in- 
terest and  outside  of  the  general  depres- 
sion with  a  slight  weakening  in  price 
there  is  scarcely  a  feature  worth  noting. 
Standard  coal  has  gotten  to  a  point 
where  the  selling  price  is  practically  the 
cost  of  production.  High-grade  coal  is 
holding  its  own  pretty  well  and  there  is 
still  a   fair  margin  of  profit  in  it. 

The  car  shortage  is  still  very  keen, 
though  owing  to  the  lack  of  demand, 
operators   are   not   complaining. 

The  price  of  screenings  is  holding  up 
well  and  they  are  locally  worth  55(<iQQc. 
per  ton  f.o.b.  mine.  This  is  the  one 
bright  spot  in  the  market;  there  seems 
to  be  a  permanent  improvement  in 
screenings  and  it  begins  to  look  as  if 
operators  can  anticipate  getting  a  good 
price  from  screenings  for  at  least  10 
months  of  the  year. 

Current  prices  in  the  St.  Louis  mar- 
ket are   as   follows: 

.St. 

Illinois,  Standard:                                 lline.  Ixiiii.s. 

fi-in.  lump  and  egK SI  .60  S2. 12 

2-in    lump 1.20  1.60 

Mino-riin 1 .00  1 .  ,52 

.Screenings 0. 50  1 . 02 

Trenton: 

6-in.  lump  and  egK 2. .TO  3.02 

:S-in.  nut 2.00  2.52 

•Staunton  or  Mt.  Olive: 

O-in.  lump 1.80  1.32 

2-ii}.  lump 1.75  2.27 

Mine-run 1.20  1.72 

Screcning.s 0.60  1 .  12 

Carterville: 

6-in.  lump  or  egg 1.75  2.42 

.3-in.  nut 1.70  2.37 

.Mine-run 1.25  1.92 

Screenings ,. . .  .  0. 75  1 .  12 

Pocahontas  and  New  River: 

Lump  or  ckk 2.25  4.75 

Mine-run 1.25  3.75 

Pennsylvania  Anthracite: 

Chestnut 7.20 

.Stove  or  egg •  . . .  6 .  95 

Crate 6 .  70 

Coke: 

Connellsville  foundry 5 .  40 

r,as  hou.se 4 .  90 

Smithing 4,15 

Prices  at  East  St.  Louis  are  20c.  per 
ton  below  the  St.  Louis  quotations. 


Anthracite — The  situation  is  in  good 
shape  though  the  demand  on  all  sizes  is 
slowing  down  a  little.  There  is  not  much 
anthracite  in  transit  at  the  present  time. 


FOREIGNCOALTRADE 


German  Coal  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  fuel  in  Germany,  10  months 
ended  Oct.  31,  metric  tons: 

Exports.  Imports.  Excess. 

Coal l'J,3(a,'.ll5  'J.:)()7,424  E.\p.  lo.OoMM 

Brown  coal.. . .        i)U,112  fi.l3'J,200  Imp.    C.iW'.i.dSS 

Coke .S,365,o7»  531,8o'J  E.\l).    2,!*;):), 720 

Briquets 1,693,210  l'J2.:(32  E.\p.    1,100.884 


Total 24,:i72,822     l(i,170,Sli)     Exp.    8.202,207 

Total,  1009..  23,130,323    17.407,073     Exp.    5.723,260 

The  exports  this  year  included  51,060 
tons  of  coke  to  the  United  States. 

German  Coal  Production — Coal  pro- 
duction of  German  Empire  10  months 
ended  Oct.  31,  metric  tons: 

1909.  1910.  Changes. 

Coal 12.3,315.202     120.030,092      1.2,714,890 

Brown  coal 50.057.269      56,284.894      I.     227,025 


Total  mined..  179,372.471     182,314,986      1.2,942.515 

Cnke  made 17.fi:J7,527       19.39:),499      1.1,735,972 

Briquets  made.    lo,5»l,566      10,093,027      I.     511,461 

Of  the  briquets  reported  this  year  12,- 
441,945  tons  were  made  from  brown  coal 
or  lignite. 

Nova  Scotia  Coal — Shipments  of  coal 
from  Nova  Scotia  mines,  1 1  months  ended 
Nov.  30,  long  tons: 

Company:  1909.  1910.        Changes. 

Dominion 2.280,278    3,014.774      I.     728.490 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  . .      734,241        705.624      I.       31,383 

Inverness 209.184       240,874     I.       37,690 

Acadia 255.589        257.499      I.         1.910 

Intercolonial 232.798        217,015    D.       15,78;) 


Total 3.718.090    4.501.786      I,     783,696 

The  total  increase  was  21,1  per  cent. 
Only  one  company  showed  a  decrease 
this  year. 

Welsh  Coal  Prices— Mesrs.  Hull, 
Blyth  &  Co.,  London  and  Cardiff,  report 
prices  of  coal  on  Dec.  17  as  follows: 
Best  Welsh  steam  coal,  S3.96;  seconds, 
$3.78;  thirds,  .S3.60;  dry  coals,  S3.72; 
best  Monmouthshire,  $3.54;  seconds, 
$3.36;  best  steam  small  coal,  S2.28;  sec- 
onds, S2.04.  All  prices  are  per  long  ton, 
f.o.b.  shipping  port,  cash  in  30  days,  less 
2K'  per  cent,  discount. 


TJJIIRON  TRADE-REVIEW  R 


New  York,  Dec.  28— The  last  week 
in  the  year  is  almost  invariably  a  dull 
one  in  the  iron  and  steel  trades.  This 
year  the  dullness  is  emphasized  by  the 
general  waiting  attitude  which  the  trade 
has  assumed.  This  waiting  position  is 
justified  if  there  is  anything  in  the  gen- 
eral belief  that  the  leading  interests  will, 
in  due  time,  make  a  general  reduction 
in  the  prices,  which  they  are  now  so 
strenuously  resolving  to  hold  up.  It  looks 
as  if  there  was  a  good  deal  in  that 
belief,  and  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at 
that  buyers  are  holding  off,  and  taking 
only  what  they  need  for  earlv  use. 

In  finished  material  there  has  been 
little  new  business  in  most  lines.    About 


1330 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


all  that  is  forward  is  in  structural  work; 
and  here  it  is  noteworthy  that  the  large 
fabricating  companies  in  the  East  are 
taking  contracts  on  a  basis  which  involves 
a  considerable  reduction  in  the  prices 
of  steel.  Some  small  rail  orders  have 
been  placed,  and  also  some  orders  for 
railroad  cars;  but  there  has  been  no  gen- 
eral buying  movement  by  the  railroads. 

There  has  been  some  buying  of  pig 
iron,  chiefly  of  foundry  and  basic,  but 
in  rather  small  lots.  On  large  orders 
there  is  an  uncertainty  about  prices.  The 
merchant-furnace  people  have  been  hold- 
ing conferences  and  trying  to  get  to- 
gether in  some  way,  but  apparently  with- 
out much  result  so  far. 

Reports  are  that  the  Steel  Corpora- 
tion mills  are  running  at  about  50  per 
cent,  of  capacity  and  larger  independents 
at  between  50  and  60  per  cent. 


are  of  both  Northern  and  Southern  with- 
out marked  preference  for  either.  The 
two  interests,  buyers  and  sellers  alike, 
are  in  a  waiting  mood,  expecting  some 
decided  change  with  the  passing  of  the 
New  Year  line.  Northern  No.  2  is  quot- 
ed at  $16  and  Southern  No.  2  at  S15.35, 
Chicago  ($11,  Birmingham),  nominally, 
but  a  good-sized  order  could  probably 
be  placed  at  25  or  50c.  less.  Nobody, 
however,  is  placing  good-sized  orders. 
Local  furnace  stocks  are  said  to  be  very 
small  and  melters  apparently  are  run- 
ning close  to  their  requirements.  In- 
quiries are  very  few  and  are  not  expect- 
ed to  increase  under  rumors  of  price  re- 
ductions in  iron  and  steel  products.  Sales 
of  these  products  are  light  and  are  ex- 
pected to  continue  light  through  holiday 
week.  Coke  is  dull  with  Connellsville 
at  $4.90,  Chicago. 


Baltimore 
Dec.  27 — Exports  for  the  week  included 
112,000  lb.  lead  to  Belfast;  70,200  lb. 
spelter  and  1,598,350  lb.  steel  billets  to 
Liverpool;  757  tons  steel  rails  and  106,- 
425  lb.  rail  joints  to  Costa  Rica.  Imports 
included  1621  tons  spiegeleisen  and  361 
tons  ferromanganese  from  Rotterdam; 
5600  tons  iron  ore  from  Cuba. 


Birmingham 

Dec.  26 — The  curtailment  in  the  pig- 
iron  production  in  Southern  territory  is 
on  an  extensive  scale,  and  there  will 
hardly  be  a  resumption  until  the  general 
market  conditions  improve  and  the  ac- 
cumulated stocks  have  been  worked  off. 
There  is  a  little  iron  moving  out  yet. 
There  is  a  fairly  good  bunch  of  orders 
on  the  books  for  delivery  during  the  com- 
ing year.  A  few  inquiries  were  received 
during  the  first  part  of  this  month  for 
iron  to  be  delivered  on  during  the  first- 
half  of  1911,  while  an  inquiry  or  two — 
which  receives  no  favorable  reply  at  all — 
came  in  for  iron  to  be  delivered  during 
the  entire  year.  The  quotations  are 
around  $11  per  ton.  No.  2  foundry,  but 
lately  the  statement  has  been  made  that 
some  of  the  manufacturers  were  selling 
below   that    figure. 

The  steel  plant  of  the  Tennessee  com- 
pany has  shut  down  and  is  not  to  resume 
until  about  the  middle  of  January,  per- 
haps a  little  later.  The  rolling  mills  of 
the  Tennessee  company,  however,  will 
resume  operations  next  week,  there  being 
orders  on  hand  that  must  be  given  atten- 
tion. 

Charcoal  iron  commands  $22.50  per 
ton  and  the  make,  not  very  large  even  at 
the  best,  will  not  be  disturbed  during 
the  holiday  season. 

The  scrap-iron  business  is  quiet,  as  is 
the   foundry-iron  trade. 


Cleveland 

Dec.  27 — Iron-ore  receipts  at  Lake 
Erie  docks  for  the  season  were  34,042,- 
897  tons;  stocks  Dec.  1  were  9,426,681 
tons,  460,892  tons  more  than  a  year  ago. 
Nothing  doing  yet  about  next  season's 
prices. 

Pig  Iron — Some  scattering  small  orders 
make  up  the  business  for  the  week. 
Prices  are  nominally  unchanged,  but  a 
few  large  orders  would  probably  bring 
out   low   quotations. 

Finished  Material — Some  good  con- 
tracts for  structural  steel  are  pending. 
Otherwise  the  year  closes  very  quietly. 
Specifications  come  in  rather  slowly. 


Chicago 

Dec.  27 — Very  dull  conditions  exist  in 

the  iron  market.     Sales  of  pig  iron  are 

confined  to  small  lots  for  needs  of  30  to 

60  days  from  the  date  of  the  order,  and 


Philadelphia 

Dec.  28 — As  an  outcome  of  much  quiet 
conferring  by  eastern  Pennsylvania  pig- 
iron  interests,  efforts  are  being  made  to 
harmonize  differences  among  furnace  in- 
terests by  agreeing  upon  a  price  list. 
Some  form  of  agreement  or  understand- 
ing is  expected  to  be  arrived  at  before 
the  close  of  the  week,  but  such  an  early 
adjustment  depends  upon  the  willingness 
of  certain  manufacturers  who  are  not  in 
perfect  accord  with  the  purpose.  Trade 
has  been  going  from  bad  to  worse  as  to 
prices.  Large  consumers  are  simply 
waiting  to  see  the  end,  and  meantime  are 
buying  from  hand  to  mouth.  Further 
restriction  of  output,  or  at  least  a  bank- 
ing of  furnaces,  is  in  sight  unless  a 
buying  movement  can  be  started.  Mill 
men  are  buying  forge  for  immediate 
use  only.  Some  New  England  buyers  ex- 
pect to  close  this  week  for  two  or  three 
thousand  tons. 

Steel  Billets — All  recent  negotiations 
are  off  for  some  reason.  Buyers  are 
awaiting  developments. 

Bars — At  present,  production  is  cur- 
tailed as  usual  at  this  season,  and  local 
iron  agents  report  a  general  standstill 
among  buyers. 

Sheets — Unless  early  January  brings 
important  business,  there  will  be  a  fur- 


ther curtailment.  Store  distribution  has 
fallen  to  almost  nothing  and  mill  orders 
are  trifling. 

Pipes  and  Tubes — Pipe  orders  are  now 
assured  for  January,  most  of  them  from 
points  in  the  South,  including  Baltimore. 
A  fairly  encouraging  business  for  this 
season  is  coming  in  and  no  further  shad- 
ing is  made. 

Plates — Car-building  orders  now  being 
placed,  with  the  assurance  of  more  to 
come,  have  encouraged  Eastern  plate-mill 
interests  somewhat,  but  the  business 
compared  to  capacity  is  trifling. 

Structural  Material — The  new  business 
this  week  is  trifling  and  related  only 
to  old  contracts.  Bridge  work  is  held  up. 
All  of  the  business  pending  in  which 
Eastern  mill  interests  are  concerned 
would  fall  under  10,000  tons. 

Scrap — Nothing  whatever  has  been 
done  in  the  scrap  yards.  Deliveries  are 
difficult,  and  supplies  secured  during  re- 
cent tours  of  dealers  will  remain  where 
they   are  until   customers  are  found. 


Pittsburg 

Dec.  27 — The  market  remains  stagnant, 
the  dullness  being  increased  by  the  holi- 
day week.  Prices  remain  generally  un- 
changed, and  no  cutting  is  reported,  be- 
cause no  business  has  been  done.  The 
last  week  in  the  year  is  always  quiet; 
and  new  buying  can  hardly  be  expected 
in  the  face  of  the  general  belief  that 
prices  will  be  readjusted  downward  in 
January.  It  is  said,  however,  that  speci- 
fications on  contracts  have  been  coming 
in  a  little  more  freely.  Production  is 
still  being  kept  down  to  present  require- 
ments. The  holiday  stops  in  most  mills 
will  not  be  cut  short.  The  year  closes 
with  everyone  waiting  for  the  January  de- 
velopments in  more  or  lesr  uncertainty. 

Following  a  meeting  convened  in  Phil- 
adelphia, Dec.  16,  of  eastern  foundry- 
iron  producers,  and  to  which  the  foundry- 
iron  producers  of  the  Central  West  sent 
several  representatives,  a  meeting  of  the 
latter  was  held  in  Cleveland,  Dec.  21,  at 
which  the  situation  was  discussed  in  its 
various  bearings  but  without  arriving  at 
any  tangible  resuhs,  either  as  to  price 
control  or  reduction  of  output.  The  lat- 
ter is  obviously  essential,  since  stocks 
are  large  and,  if  anything,  are  increasing 
at  the  moment.  The  next  day  the  basic- 
iron  producers  met  in  Cleveland.  Their 
proposition  is  to  have  a  single  selling 
agent,  much  after  the  style  followed  with 
bessemer  iron.  The  cooperation  of  a 
leading  merchant  producer  of  basic  iron 
was  sought,  but  this  was  refused,  pre- 
sumably on  the  ground  that  a  division  of 
orders  was  also  required,  and  word  has 
gone  out  that  it  is  impossible  to  put  the 
deal  through  without  this  cooperation. 

Pig  Iron — No  sales  have  been  made 
to  change  recent  quotations  of  $15,  Val- 
ley, for  bessemer.     Basic  is  still  uncer- 


December   31,    1910. 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


1331 


tain,  but  we  can  continue  the  nominal 
quotation  of  S  13.25,  for  prompt,  while 
on  the  basis  of  sales  made  some 
time  ago  for  first  half  at  between  $13.25 
and  $13.50  the  market  for  delivery  over 
the  whole  half  year  can  be  quoted  nomi- 
nally at  $13.50,  Valley.  Foundry  iron  re- 
mains openly  quotable  at  "5X3.15(11  14, 
Valley.  It  is  reported  that  one  interest 
is  willing  to  take  $13.50,  Valley,  but  this 
is  not  certain;  at  any  rate  it  is  not  proved 
by  sales. 

Ferromanganese — The  market  has  con- 
tinued very  quiet  and  remains  nominally 
quotable  at  $38.50,  Baltimore. 

Steel — With  few  transactions  prices 
have  been  held,  for  both  bessemer  and 
open-hearth,  at  323  for  billets  and  $24  for 
sheet  bars,  f.o.b.  Pittsburg  or  Youngs- 
town  mill. 

Sheets — Demand  is  dormant  for  the 
present.  Production  is  small  as  a  num- 
ber of  mills  shut  down  this  week  for  in- 
ventory and  repairs.  Prices  as  discussed 
at  the  meeting  of  Dec.  15  are  understood 
to  be  well  held:  Black,  2.20c.;  galvan- 
ized, 3.20c.;  painted  corrugated,  $1.55; 
galvanized  corrugated,  $2.75,  Pittsburg. 


St.  Louis 

Dec.  26 — The  market  in  pig  iron  has 
been  dull  and  scarcely  any  inquiries  were 
received  worth  mentioning  last  week. 
The  price  of  $11.25  per  ton,  f.o.b.  Birm- 
ingham, and  $14.75,  St.  Louis,  are  the 
prevailing  figures  for  No.  2  foundry. 


22  FOREIGN  IRON  TRADE  = 


German  Iron  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  iron,  steel  and  machinery  in 
German  Empire  10  months  ended  Oct. 
31,  metric  tons: 


Iron  and  steel. 
Machinery 


Total 

Total,  1000. 


Exports.  Imports.       Excess. 
4,U01,.360      460,342      Exp.  3..541,21 
320,540        GU,114      Exp.     •i<iU,43i) 


4,322,106 

3.488.098 


620,430     Exp.  3,801,650 
13l",,004      Exp.  3,(I.-.2,II82 


Imports  of  iron  ore  for  the  10  months, 
8,215,259  tons;  exports,  2,476,597.  Im- 
ports of  manganese  ore,  447,779;  exports, 
2679  tons. 

British  Iron-ore  Consumption — The 
completed  statistics  of  iron-ore  consump- 
tion in  Great  Britain  for  the  full  year 
are,  in   long  tons: 


Ore  mined 

Ore  Inipirtecl 

Pyrites  residue.... 

T  oial 

Less  ore  exported. 


1908.  1009. 

,  1.5,031,02.5  14.070  979 

.    6.057,6)0  G.328.ia:) 

609,182  693,301 


21,657,717    21,901,903 
7,740  8,149 


Changes. 

D.  51,046 
I,  271,113 
I.    24.110 

I.  244,180 
I.         409 

I.  243,777 


Consumption 21,649,977    21,893,764 

Of  the  ore  imported  last  year  4,725,- 
914  tons  came  from  Spain,  481,632  from 
Algeria,  290,198  from  Sweden  and  261,- 
406   from   Greece. 

British  Foreign  Trade — Exports  and  im- 
ports of  iron  and  of  machinery  in  Great 
Britain,    11    months   ended    Nov.   30,   are 


valued  by  the  Board  of  Trade  returns  as 
below: 

Exports.  Imports.         Excess. 

Iron  and  steel  £39,393,735  £  8,124,603  Ex,  £31,209,132 
Cutlery    and 

hardware  . ,       6.S4«,431  l,lfl5,.574  Ex.       4,080,8.57 

Machinery...     20,73;),6()8  4,074,947  Ex.    22,058,721 

New  ships 8,040,856        Ex,      8,(ku,859 


Total £80,014,090  £13,305,124  Ex.  £67,240,506 

T.>tal,  1900..     71,206,823     12,3:)3,041  Ex.     58,873,782 

Increase  in  exports,  £9,407,867,  or  13,2 
per  cent.;  increase  in  imports,  £1,032,083, 
or  8.4  per  cent.  The  quantities  of  iron 
and  steel  reported  w-ere,  in  long  tons: 

1909,  1910.      Changes. 

Exports 3,860,.5.59    4,215.021      I.     305.1)02 

Imports 1,085,925    1,218,394     I.     ]:i2,46y 

The  imports  were  largely  of  crude  or 
semi-finished  material,  as  pig  iron,  billets 
and  blooms. 

British  Iron  Ore  Imports — Imports  of 
iron  ore  into  Great  Britain  1 1  months 
ended  Nov.  30  were  5,712,220  long  tons 
in  1909,  and  6,415,595  in  1910;  increase, 
703,375  tons.  Of  the  imports  this  year 
4,434,660  tons  were   from   Spain, 


i   METAL- MARKETS   ^ 


New  Yorlc,  Dec.  28 — The  metal  mar- 
kets continue  generally  quiet,  but  there 
are  some  signs  of  increased  movement 
apparent. 


Gold,  Silver  and  Platinum 


L'XITEU     STATES     GOLD     AND     .SII.VEn     MOVEMENT 


Metal. 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess. 

Gold: 

Nov.  1010.. 

$1,370,011 

$  4,313,.50(1 

Imp.$  2,037,489 

"      1 009.. 

15.040,281 

3,.8);:i,r,37 

E.vp.    11,785.044 

Year  1910.. 

57,444  422 

54.245,880 

3,108,530 

■•     1909.. 

122,301,617 

42,003,194 

80.298,323 

Silver : 

Nov.  1910.. 

5,205.595 

4,827,254 

Exp.         438,341 

"      1909.. 

4,951,483 

4,004,807 

250,070 

Year  1910. . 

51,299,913 

41,470,718 

9,820,195 

••      1909.. 

52,294,344 

41,084,000 

••       10,310.338 

Kxports  from  the  port  of  New  York,  week 
ended  Hoc.  24:  (Jold,  $12,701);  silver.  $,S2S,- 
(ii:i,  chlelly  to  London.  Imports:  Gold, 
S2."i:!.()il1.  prineip.illv  from  Cuba  and  Soutli 
.Xioerica  ;  silver,  ,$122.!)48,  from  the  West 
Indies   and    Soulh    .\merica. 


Gold — With  some  demand  from  Ger- 
many and  other  European  markets,  the 
price  of  gold  on  the  open  market  in  Lon- 
don advanced  slightly,  77s.  dykd.  per 
oz.  being  quoted  for  bars.  American  coin 
was  76s.  4vi'd.  per  oz.  There  is  some 
talg  of  gold  imports  in  New  York,  but 
none  have  been  made. 

Platinum — The  market  continues  quiet. 
Sales  have  been  light,  and  there  are  re- 
ports of  weakness  in  the  foreign  market. 
Dealers  quote  $38.50  per  oz.  for  refined 
platinum,  and  $40.50''rf41  per  oz.  for 
hard  metal,   10  per  cent,  iridium. 

Silver — The  market  under  the  influence 
of  the  holiday  season  shows  a  slightly 
downward  tendency.  The  India  operators 
have  lately  shown  a  disposition  to  part 
with  some  of  their  holdings,  and  this  has, 
of  course,  accented  the  fall. 


SILVER    ANl 

STElil.ING 

ESCIIANOE 

Dec. 

22 

23 

21 

26 

27 

28 

New  York., , . 
London  . 
Sterling  Ex, . 

25)ii 
4.8330 

Bi'/i 

25  (i 

1.8336 

54H 

25 

4.8525 

.... 

61 
1.8523 

53« 

24(!! 

4.8505 

New  York  quolations,  cents  per  ounce  troy, 
line  silver ;  London,  pence  per  ounce,  sterliuj; 
silver.   0.92.1   fine. 

Exports  of  silver  from  London  to  the 
East,  as  reported  by  Messrs.  Pixley  & 
Abell,  Jan.  1  to  Dec.  15: 

1909.  1910.  Changes. 

India £0,521,400  £0,s:)6„500  I.    £    314,100 

China 1,.S85.000  1,373,600  D,          611, .500 

Straits 114,000            D.         114,000 


Total £8,521,000      £8,209,000    D.    £    312,000 

Indian  Gouncil  bills  in  London  sold  at 
an  average  of  16.06d.  per  rupee  for  the 
week. 


Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States,  II 
months  ended  Nov.  30,  as  valued  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department  of 
Commerce  and  Labor: 


■Merchandise : 

Exports 

Imports 


.  $1,555,720,931    $1,030,990,585 
.    1,330,776,480      1,425,770,128 


Excess,  exports $   218,944,451    $   211,220,457 

Add  excess  of  exports,  silver 9,820,195 

Add  excess  ot  exports,  gold 3,198,.536 


Total  export  balance $  224,239,188 

The  gold  and  silver  movement  in  de- 
tail is  given  in  the  table  at  the  head  of 
this   column. 


Gold  and  silver  movement  in  Great 
Britain,    11    months   ended   Nov,  30: 

Imports.     Exports.         Excess. 
Gold £53,008.384  £47,272.038  Imp.f  0,0:)5,446 

Gold,  1000.,.    48.s70,120     43,101,:iK3  Imp,   5,708,743 
Silver 13,103,535     12,300.300  Imp.       80:1,145 

SUver,  1909  ,    10,844,404     11,557.8:14   Exp,       713,430 

Of  the  silver  imports  this  year  a  total 
of  £10,529,829  is  credited  to  the  United 
States. 

Copper,  Tin,  Lead  and  Zinc 

NEW  YORK 


Copper. 

Till, 

Load, 

Zinc, 

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.a 

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12  55 

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asx 

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12  55 

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6,274 

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4.35  !     5  42} 

6.27i 

2H 

®13 

(n>V2  60 

38K 

4.50 

(ffi4.37Jl®5.46 

05.30 

Till*  New  York  qnolations  for  elpctrolytic 
coppor  lire  for  cakes,  iiiffota  and  wlreb'nrs. 
antl  represent  the  bulk  of  Ihe  Irnnsaettona 
niado  with  consumers,  basis  New  V<»rk.  rash. 
The  prices  of  cnstini;  copper  and  of  filectrolytic 
cafhofies  are  usually  O.VJ.">c.  below  Ihat  of 
electrolytic.  The  quotations  for  lend  repre- 
sent wholesale  transactions  in  the  open  mar- 
ket. The  quotations  on  speiter  are  for 
ordinary  Western  brands ;  special  brands 
(■omniand    a    premium. 


1332 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


LONDON 


Copper. 

Tiu. 

Lead. 
Span- 
ish. 

Zinc, 

« 

Spot. 

3Mo8 

Best 
Sertd 

Spot. 

.■!Mos 

Ordi- 
naries. 

22 
23 
24 

51% 

60)i 
60K 

173»i 
174K 

•174Ji 
174% 

ISi'. 
13A 

24 
24 

26 

27 

28 

166' 

56% 

mi 

175% 

175)^ 

13A 

23% 

The  above  table  gives  the  closing  quota- 
tions on  Loudon  Metal  Excliange.  All  prices 
are  in  pounds  sterling  per  ton  of  2240  lb. 
Copper  quotations  are  for  standard  copper, 
spot  and  three  months,  and  for  best  se- 
lected, price  for  the  latter  beiu.£:  subject  to  3 
per  cent,  discount.  For  convenience  in  com- 
parison of  London  prices  in  pounds  .sterling 
per  2241)  lb.,  with  American  prices  in  cents 
per  pound  the  following  appro.ximate  ratios 
are  given:  £10  =  2.17'4c. :  £12  =  2.61c. ; 
£23  =  5c.;  £60=  13.04c.    ±    £1  =    ±     0.21%c. 

Copper — The  holiday  dullness  per- 
vades the  market.  Manufacturers  are 
busy  stock  taking  and  have  not  yet  shown 
any  interest  in  laying  in  a  further  sup- 
ply of  copper.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
has  been  no  pressure  to  sell.  Transac- 
tions have  been  few  and  far  between. 
The  week  just  elapsed  has,  we  think, 
been  the  dullest  of  the  year.  The  quo- 
tations both  for  Lake  and  electrolytic  are 
practically  nominal,  although  representa- 
tive of  the  very  small  business  trans- 
acted. Electrolytic  is  very  freely  offered 
at  12-}4c.,  delivered,  30  days,  which  is 
equivalent  to  about  12.60,  cash.  New 
York.  We  quote  the  market  as  nominal 
and  unchanged  from  last  prices,  1214®' 
13c.  for  Lake  copper,  and  12.55f;M2.60c. 
for  electrolytic  copper  in  cakes,  wirebars 
and  ingots.  Casting  copper  is  quoted 
nominally  at  12! 4  ft/  12->s  cents. 

Copper  sheets  are  \S(a  19c.  base  for 
large  lots.  Full  extras  are  charged,  and 
higher  prices  for  small  quantities.  Cop- 
per wire  is  14j4c.  base,  carload  lots  at 
mill. 

On  Dec.  22,  the  London  market  for 
standard  spot  was  £56  15s.  and  for  three 
months  £57  10s.  On  Friday,  it  was  2s. 
6d.  lower.  The  market  was  then  closed 
for  the  Christmas  holidays  until  Wednes- 
day, Dec.  28,  when  it  opened  lower,  and 
closed  at  £56  for  spot,  and  £56  15s.  for 
three  months.  It  is  also  very  dull  and 
quiet. 

Exports  of  copper  from  New  York  for 
the  week  were  8106  long  tons.  Our  spe- 
cial correspondent  reports  the  exports 
from  Baltimore  for  the  week  at  704  tons. 

Tin — America  sent  some  good-sized 
orders  to  the  London  market  during  the 
latter  half  of  last  week.  This  made  it 
easy  for  the  bull  syndicate  to  put  up 
prices  again.  In  view  of  the  holidays, 
business  remained  very  dull  from  Dec. 
24  to  Dec.  27,  but  at  the  opening  on 
Dec.  28  the  London  market  evinced  a 
very  strong  tone.  The  market  closes  a 
trifle  easier,  but  still  firm,  at  £175  7s.  6d. 
for  spot,  and  £175  lOs.  for  three  months. 


January  tin  in  this  market  is  being 
quoted   at   38'j    cents. 

Lead — There  is  a  fair  business  doing 
from  day  to  day  at  last  prices,  4.50c.,  New 
York,    and    4.35f'_(  4.37'.Sc.,    St.    Louis. 

The  market  for  Spanish  lead  is  a 
trifle  lower,  being  quoted  at  £13  3s.  9d., 
and  English  at  £13  6s.  3d.  per  ton. 

Spelter — The  market  is  quiet.  The  vol- 
ume of  business  is  small,  and  the  orders 
that  have  presented  themselves  have  been 
eagerly  competed  for,  so  that  prices  have 
again  gone  off  again,  and  at  the  close  St. 
Louis  is  quoted  at  5.27"/'^' 5.30c.,  and 
New   York  5.42;-l>  @5.45  cents. 

The  London  market  is  unchanged,  good 
ordinaries  being  quoted  at  £23  17s.  6d. 
and  specials  at  £24  2s.  6d.  per  ton. 

Base  price  of  zinc  sheets  has  been  re- 
duced !4C.,  and  is  now  S7.50  per  100 
lb.,  f.o.b.  La  Salle-Peru,  111.,  less  8  per 
cent,   discount. 


Other  Metals 


Aluminum — Very  little  business  has 
been  done.  Prices  are  a  little  lower,  and 
No.  1  ingots  can  be  had  for  22>^c.,  New 
York. 

Antimony — The  market  is  still  dull. 
Cookson's  is  quoted  at  7K'@7->^c.  per 
lb.  U.  S.  is  unchanged,  at  7->^ft(7K'C. , 
while  KaTygC.  is  named  for  outside 
brands. 

Quicksilver — The  market  is  steady, 
with  prices  unchanged.  The  New  York 
quotations  are  S42  per  flask  of  75  lb.  for 
large  lots;  S44(5  45  for  jobbing  orders. 
San  Francisco,  $41.50  for  domestic  busi- 
ness and  $2  less  for  export.  London 
price  is  £8  per  flask,  £7  10s.  being 
quoted  by  second  hands. 

Cadmium — Current  quotations  are  60 
(nlOc.  per  lb.  in  100-lb.  lots,  f.o.b.  New 
York,  according  to  quantity  of  metal. 

Magnesium — The  price  of  pure  metal 
is  S1.50  per  lb.  for  100-Ib.  lots,  f.o.b. 
New  York. 

Nickel — Large  lots,  contract  business, 
40r((45c.  per  lb.  Retail  spot,  from  50c. 
for  500-lb.  lots  up  to  55c.  for  200-lb. 
lots.  The  price  of  electrolytic  is  5c. 
higher. 

Spanish   Metal  Exports 


Exports  of  metals  and  minerals  from 
Spain,  nine  months  ended  Sept.  30,  re- 
ported by  Revista  Minera,  in  metric  tons: 

Metals.  I'.KIO.  1910.  Changes. 

Pig  and  manuf.  iron  44.4K.  30,314  D.  8,102 

Ci.piier   12,HS4  1:i'JI(i  I.  332 

Copper  precipitate..  l;i,C)7S  ll,07r,  D.  2.C.02 

Lend 141,401  142,401  I.  1,030 

Zinc 007  l.C-i.^  I.  748 

Quicksilver 1,488  1,300  D.  179 

Minerals. 

Iron  ore 5.801.0.00  6,322.278  I.  520,070 

Mnnganese  ore 10,782  4.6.30  D.  0.152 

Copper  ore 840,061  7ril..'>00  D.  07,471 

Lead  ore 2.741  2,715  D,  26 

Zinc  ore 07,158  07,324  I.  106 

Pvrltes,  Iron 1,020,775  1,130,000  I,  116,104 

Salt 441.232  400.463  D.  34,770 


Imports  of  phosphate  of  lime,  60,218 
tons  in  1909,  and  90,356  in  1910;  super- 
phosphates and  basic  slag,  113,126  tons 
in  1909,  and  149,272  in  1910;  nitrate  of 
soda,  24,141  tons  in  1909,  and  24,578 
this  year. 


British  Metal  Imports  and    Exports 


Imports  and  exports  of  metals  in  Great 
Britain,  11  months  ended  Nov.  30,  fig- 
uses  in  long  tons,  except  quicksilver, 
which  is  in  pounds: 

Motals :            Imports.  Exports.  Excess. 

Copper,  long  tons    110,777        76,030  Imp.      43,747 

Copper,  1909....      I,'j8,733          67,708  Imp.     100,935 

Tin,  long  tons....        40,530          30,370  Imp.         1,160 

Tiu.  1909 38,919          37,664  Imp.         1,255 

Load,  long  tons..      202,339          44,003  Imp.     167.676 

Lead,  1009 180,090          42,220  Imp.     140.870 

Spelter,  I'g  tons..      126,355            8,285  Imp.     118,070 

Spelter,  1909 108,406            7,637  Imp.      100,869 

Quicksilver,  lb. ..  3,.309,040  1,713,047  Imp.  1,596,402 

Quicksilver,  '09  3.109,061  1.567,087  Imp.  1,001,974 

Minor  mefs, tons         4,084          20,693  Exp.        15,709 

Minor,  1000 5,025         19,938  Exp.       14,013 

Ores : 

Tin  ore  and  con.      23.730  Imp.      23,739 

Tin  ore.  1909. . .        21,0M  Imp.       21,064 

Pyrites 741,040  Imp.     741,940 

Pyrites,  1900. ..     701,860  Imp.     701.869 

Copper  totals  include  metallic  contents 
of  ore  and  matte.  Exports  include  re- 
exports of  foreign  material.  Miscellane- 
ous metals  include  nickel,  aluminum  and 
the  minor  metals  and  alloys.  Of  the  im- 
ports in  1910,  the  United  States  furnished 
in  all  416  tons  copper  matte,  35,941  tons 
fine  copper,  and  31,301  tons  lead.  This 
lead  was  chiefly  Mexican,  refined  in  this 
country. 


Zinc    and   Lead  Ore  Markels 


Platteville,  Wis.,  Dec.  24— The  base 
price  of  60  per  cent,  zinc  ore  started  at 
S42  and  slumped  to  $40  at  the  week  end. 
The  base  price  paid  for  80  per  cent,  lead 
ore  was  S53r(/55  per  ton. 

SIIirMENTS,   WEEK   ENDED   DEC.   24. 


Camps. 


Zinc 
ore.  lb. 

Mineral  Point 867,070 

Galena 777,700 

Platteville 595.600 

Cuba  City 372,480 

Bent,  in 264,000 

Barker 224,400 

Highland 224,300 

Linden 75,930 

HazclGreen 


Lead    Sulphur 
ore,  lb.    ore,  lb. 


240,400 

138,000    1,083,230 


63,680 
'  60,066 


Total 3,137,570        251.680    1,332,630 

Year  to  date 123,240,064  11,037,624  26,010.130 

Shipped    to    separating    plants     during 
week,   3,020,850    lb.    zinc   ore. 


Joplin,  Mo.,  Dec.  24 — The  highest 
price  reported  paid  for  zinc  sulphide  ore 
was  S45,  the  assay  base  S38fr(42  per  ton 
of  60  per  cent,  zinc  contents.  Zinc  sili- 
cate sold  on  a  base  of  $22f}7  25  per  ton 
of  40  per  cent,  zinc  contents.  The  aver- 
age price,  'all  grades  of  zinc,  was  $40.14 
per  ton.  The  market  price  of  lead  ore 
was  unchanged  at  $56  base  for  80  per 
cent,  lead,  the  highest  price  being  re- 
ported at  $56.50.  Average,  all  grades  of 
lead,  $55.76  per  ton. 

The  new  smelter  at  Webb  City  this 
week  took  in   1,500,000  lb  .of  lead  from 


I 


December   31,    1910. 


THE    ENGINEERING   AND    MINING    JOURNAL 


1333 


one  holding  company,  and  the  works  are 
to  be  started  the  first  of  the  new  year 
with  a  large  stock  of  ore  in  the  bins. 
It  is  rumored  that  a  strong  St.  Louis  com- 
pany has  been  chosen  selling  agent  for 
the  new  smelter,  with  a  guaranteed  mar- 
ket for  a  continuous  output  of  metal. 

Zinc  prices  were  stronger  at  the  week- 
end, with  heavy  purchases  by  one  com- 
pany, which  advanced  its  buying  scale  $4 
over  last  week.  The  production  was 
light,  many  of  the  mines  closing  on  Fri- 
day night,  to  remain  closed  until  Jan.  2 
next. 

SIIII'JtKNTS,    WEKK    EXUKD    DKC.    24. 


Wi-tib  City-Carterville 

J»plln 

Galu!!a 

Altia-Neck 

Due!iwog 

Spurgoon 

Mla!i!i 

Carthago 

Carl  Jui!Ctiou 

Jackso!! 

Badger 

Cave  Springs 

Oroi!ogo 

Sarcoxio 

Quapaw 


Totals 


Ziuc   lb.  Load  lb.    Value. 


4.157.920 
1.548.900 
7.52.02Q 
084,040 
723  9.50 
531,650 


214,590 
191,270 
113.400 
71,320 
70.100 
80.0.50 
62  ..300 
03.000 


!,4M,070 
130.130 
158.300 
4.030 
21.710 
20,410 
189, .590 
3.040 


fi.820 
0.590 
1.T20 


9,235,290  3,012,410  $209,439 


52  weeks 581.138,120  80.105.580  $1U.8."|8,774 

Zl!!c  value,  the  week,  $185,425  ;  62  week.s.  $11,003,555 
Lead  value,  the  week,     84.U14  ;  52  weeks,      2,258.891 


MnXTIII.Y 

AVERAOE  ruirES. 

Zixo  Ore. 

Lead  Ore. 

Month. 

Base  Price. 

AH  Ores. 

All  Ores. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

February 

March*. 

April 

Mnv 

$41.25 
30.94 
37.40 
38.63 
40.00 
44.15 
43.00 
48.25 
47.70 
49 .  50 
51.31 
49.45 

$47.31 
40.69 
43.00 
41.00 
40.19 
40.20 
39.03 
40.13 
43.45 
43.31 
47.20 

$38.40 
34.37 
34.71 
37.01 
37.42 
40.36 
41.11 
44.64 
44.87 
45.75 
48.29 
47.57 

$45.10 
39.47 
39.71 
39.33 
37.51 
37.83 
36.80 
37.32 
39.90 
40.. 50 
13.20 

$52.17 
50.. 50 
60.82 
55.03 
66.69 
67.. 52 
63.74 
67.00 
60.11 
55.02 
53.94 
55.26 

$50.99 
53.64 
51.26 
49.72 
48  IG 

48  80 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December... 

48.59 
49.76 
54.73 
63.18 
64.80 

Year 

$43.98 

$41.20 



$64.00 



NnTK — rude)'  zinc  o!-e  the  first  two  col- 
umns give  base  prices  for  60  per  cent,  zinc 
ore  :  the  second  two  tl)e  average  for  ail  ores 
sold.  Lead  ore  prices  are  the  average  for 
all    ores   sold. 


Other  Ore  Markets 


Iron  Ore — The  Lake  Superior  season 
is  closed  and  all  buying  of  ore  will  now 
be  done  on  next  year's  prices.  No  action 
has  yet  been  taken  toward  fixing  quota- 
tions. 

In  the  East  there  is  no  organization  of 
sellers,  and  no  general  quotations  can  be 
given.  It  may  be  said,  however,  that 
prices  on  the  open  market  will  range 
from  7  to  8c.  per  unit  of  iron  delivered 
to  furnace;  which  would  be  S3.50^(4  for 
a  50  per  cent.  ore.  Most  ores,  how- 
ever, are  sold  under  yearly  contracts. 

Manganese  Ore — The  base  price,  as 
fixed  by  large  buyers,  is  25c.  per  unit 
for  manganese  and  5c.  per  unit  for  iron 
content,  for  a  base  ore  containing  49  per 


cent,  or  over  in  manganese,  not  over  0.20 
phosphorus  and  8  per  cent,  silica.  Prices 
range  down  to  23c.  per  unit  for  40  per 
cent,  manganese;  with  deductions  for  ex- 
cess of  phosphorus  and  silica. 

Tungsten  Ore — Ferberite,  wolframite 
and  huebnerite  ores,  $6.S0fii7  per  unit 
per  ton  of  2000  lb.  of  ore  containing  60 
per  cent,  of  tungsten  trioxide.  For 
scheelite  ore,  50c. r«  SI. 50  per  unit  less. 

Zinc  Ores — For  Rocky  Mountain  blende 
of  good  quality,  especially  as  to  iron  and 
lead  contents,  the  current  price  is  for 
the  zinc  content,  less  8  units,  at  the  St. 
Louis  price  of  spelter;  with  a  deduction 
of  SI 4r,/  15  per  2000  lb.  of  ore.  See  also 
Joplin  and  Wisconsin  ore  markets. 

Pyrites — Domestic  pyrites  are  quoted 
at  1  !'<'?/ 12c.  per  unit  of  sulphur  at 
mines  for  furnace  sizes.  Spanish  pyrites, 
furnace  sizes,  are  \Zfn\2''jC.  per  unit, 
ex-ship.  Arsenical  pyrites  are  from  J-ift 
1  ,':4C.  per  unit  less. 


CHEMICALS 


New  York,  Dec.  28 — The  general  mar- 
ket remains  quiet,  and  it  is  not  expected 
that  there  will  be  any  improvement  un- 
til the  new  year  is  fairly  opened. 

Copper  Sulphate — Business  is  moder- 
ate and  prices  are  unchanged  at  $4  per 
100  lb.  for  carload  lots,  and  $4.25  per  100 
lb.  for  smaller  orders. 

Arsenic — The  market  is  still  dull  and 
quotations  are  nominally  unchanged  at 
$2.25  per   100  lb.  for  white  arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Soda — A  little  more  business 
is  reported,  but  there  is  no  great  activity 
in  this  article,  and  prices  are  unchanged 
at  2.12'. c.  per  lb.  for  both  spot  and  fu- 
ture positions. 


^   MINING-STOCKS    $ 


New  York,  Dee.  28 — The  market  on 
the  general  exchange  had  very  little  life 
in  it,  and  what  there  was  seemed  to  be 
taken  out  by  the  double  holiday.  Busi- 
ness was  light  and  price  changes  unim- 
portant. Trading  is  still  largely  profes- 
sional. 

The  Curb,  like  the  Exchange,  was  quiet 
and  rather  depressed.  Business  was  on 
a  small  scale,  and  there  was  little  move- 
ment in  quotations.  The  dullness  applied 
to  the  copper  stocks  as  well  as  other 
sections  of  the  market. 

At  auction  in  New  York,  Dec.  22,  sales 
included  10  shares  Amalgamated  Cop- 
per, SI 00  par,  at  S63.75,  and  five  shares 
at  S64  per  share;  20,000  shares  Royal 
Tinto  Mining  and  Smelting  Company,  SI 
par,  S50  for  the  lot;  five  shares  Electrical 
Lead  Reduction  Company  and  14  shares 
Ohio  &  Indiana  Consolidated  Natural  and 
Illuminating  Gas  Company,  lumped  with 
some  industrials,  $15  for  the  lot. 


a  disappointing  one  so  far  as  the  local 
market  is  concerned.  Aside  from  the 
metal  situation  events  such  as  were  wit- 
nessed in  North  Butte,  Granby,  Calumet 
&  Arizona,  Lake  and  Arizona  Commercial 
early  in  the  year  and  the  Utah  Consoli- 
dated episode  of  recent  date  have  gone 
far  to  bring  a  feeling  of  uncertainty  in 
the  whole  copper-share  market. 

cori'ER  rRODfCTiox  iticrouTS. 

Coijper  contents  of  blister  copper,   in  pounds. 


Company. 

Septem- 
ber. 

October. 

Novem- 
ber. 

Anaco!!da 

.^ri/.c.iiii.  Ltd 

22,200,000 
2,672,000 

nil 
6,903,759 
2,535,000 
2,128,000 

025,840 

nil 

5,i5i'.208 
2.202.000 
1.418.000 
2.125.0(K) 

7.077,035 
10,700,000 

22.100.000 
3,004.000 

928.360 
7.000.790 
1.990.(HIO 
1.757.830 

948.369 

nil 

i.bs'fl.soo 

2.345.000 
1.2,80.1HH) 
2.095.t)00 

"7.'682,2i2 
18.500,000 

13,250,000 

21,900,000 
3,010,000 

Copper  Queen 

Cal)!niet  &  Ariz 

Detroit 

East  Butte 

Imperial 

7,372,770 

1.930.1:00 

1,840,939 

018,191 

Mammoth 

Nevada  Co!i 

Old  D<iminion 

sVibb'.iioo 

2.7.54.000 

Superior  &  Pitts.... 
United  Verde,  est. . 
Utah  Copper  Co.... 
Lake  Superior  dis. 
Est.  for  non-report- 

2.100.000 

3.(K)0.000 

4.5i;7.lK)0 

20.400.000 

Total  production. 
Imports,  bars.  etc.. 

71,790,842 
24,303,869 

87,827,873 
24.292.308 

Total  blister 

96,101,701 
6,782,067 

112.120.241 
5.173,277 

Total 

106,883,768 

622,702 

2,061,300 
3,666,000 
2,211,435 

117.293,618 

702.154 
1,184.234 

2.278.4.54 
3.570,1100 
1.791,108 

Brit.  Col.  Cos. : 
British  Col.  Copper 
tiraiilty 

917.994 

Mexican  Cos.  : 
Bnlcu 

3.658.000 
1.054,235 

Muctezutna 

Lake  Sviperior  figiu-es  ai-e  cstimaled  ;  othei'S 
are  reports  leceived  from  comp.tnies.  i!uless 
ollierwisi'  stated.  Coleo  copper  does  not 
come    to    American    refiners. 


STATISTICS  OP  corrEi!. 


Month. 

tJnlted 

States 

Product'n. 

Deliveries. 
Domestic. 

Deliveries 
for  Export. 

XII, 1909 

117.828.055 

09.519.601 

59.640.670 

loar,  1909.... 

1.405,403,050 

706.051.591 

680.942.620 

1.1910 

II 

11C,547,287 
112,712,493 
120,007,407 
117.477.639 
123.242.470 
127.219.188 
118.370,003 
127.803,018 
119.519.983 
150.409,284 
119,303,463 

78.1.58.387 
00.018,322 
02,844.818 
67.985.951 
69,305.222 
63.303. 19() 
60.708,175 
07.731,271 
04,501,018 
07,814,172 
00,801.992 

81,)»1.G72 
37.3)19.518 
40,585.707 
31.332,434 

Ill 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

69,407,107 
01  831  7.80 

VIII 

IX 

75,100.490 
08.186,912 
67,424.316 

X 

XI 

VISIBLE  Stocks. 

United 
States. 

Europe. 

Total. 

XII.  1909 

I.  1911) 

£1 

Ill 

l!>3.0();i.627 
141.760.111 

9S.403.;«9 
107.187.992 
123.824.874 
141.984.1.59 
100.425.973 
168.380.017 
170.040.078 
168.881 .245 
148.79:1.714 
139.261,914 
130.389.069 

236,857,600 

244 ,204, 8(H) 
248.230,800 
254,1.50,4(HI 
249,625,0(H) 
240,870,400 
239,142,400 
232,892,800 
222,320,000 
218,444,800 
211,270,800 
198,000,8(]0 
193,200,000 

389,801,127 
385,970,911 
340.7))0,139 
301.338.392 
373.460.474 
388.8.54.569 
399.508.373 
40r  .278.817 
392.9);o.078 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIll 

IX 

X 

30O.I)7O.,514 
337.322.711 
323.589.009 

XI... 

XII 

Boston,  Dec.  27 — Copper  shares  remain 
in  a  comatose  state  and  the  year  closes 


Eliiiires  ai-e  in  po))nds  of  line  c))i)i)e)'.  I'.  S. 
pi-odnction  Includes  all  copper  i-elini-d  in  tliis 
cennti'y.  bo(l)  from  domestic  and  imported 
material.  Visible  stocks  are  those  reported 
on  the  (Irst  day  of  each  montl).  as  brought 
over  from   the  pieceding  month. 


1334 


THE   ENGINEERING   AND   MINING   JOURNAL 


December  31,  1910. 


The  list  of  Lake  Superior  copper  prop- 
erties paying  dividends  is  the  same  in 
number  as  for  1909,  namely  Calumet  & 
Hecla,  Quincy,  Copper  Range,  Osceola, 
Mohawk  and  Wolverine  and  their  total 
disbursement  was  36,611,340,  of  which 
Calumet  itself  contributed  $2,900,000. 
The  so  called  porphyry  mines  have  made 
increased  payments  in  some  cases. 
Among  those  to  reduce  have  been  North 
Butte,  Calumet  &  Arizona  and  Granby, 
while  Utah  Consolidated  after  reducing 
its  rate  finally  passed  altogether. 

It  has  been  a  year  of  declining  prices 
and  almost  a  lack  of  interest  by  the  pub- 
lic. Brokers,  those  who  do  a  strictly  com- 
mission business  have  found  it  hard  sled- 
ding and  few  have  even  paid  expenses. 
^X'ith  the  advent  of  the  New  Year  the 
hope  springs  that  better  things  can  be 
looked  for. 

.V.s.so.sNitien4s 


TIN    AT    NEW    YORK 


Company. 

Dellnfi. 

Sale. 

Am  t 

Alta  Nev  

Jan. 
Dec. 

10 
In 

Feb.     fi 
Jan.   15 

0  113 

Amador  C.  &  G.,  Ida 

0  111 

Amal  Nev.  Mines  Co 

Dec. 

In 

Jan.   in 

0  11,5 

Jan. 
Dec. 

1<I 

Fell.     0 

Beck  Tunnel,  TItali 

cm 

Belcher,  Nov 

Jan. 

■J 

Jan.  23 

(1  10 

Bunion,  Nev 

Jan. 

VI 

Fi'b.     7 

O.ll.-) 

Con.  Imperial.  Nev 

Jan. 

.'■> 

Jan.   3U 

0  111 

Copper  King,  Wa 

Dec. 

IC 

Jan.   16 

O.lil 

Federal  Ely.  Nev 

Jan. 

•ill 

0  111 

Florence  M.  &  M..  Ida 

Fell. 

•ill 

Mar.  -20 

0.001 

Horsesline,  Ida 

Dec. 

Ikl 

J.TH.    lu 

0  OU'2 

Ibe.<L.  Ida  

Dec. 

17 

Jan.    17 

0.1103 

Julia  Oon 

Jan. 

III 

Jan.   17 

0.05 

Koyst»ni%  Utah 

Doc. 

!.■> 

Feb.  Ifi 

0.03 

Lerov  G  k('..  Ida 

Dec. 

■21 

Jan.   10 

0 .  001 

Mexican.  Nev 

Jan. 

1(1 

Jan.  31 

0.20 

New  Yr>rk  Summit,  Utah. . . 

Jan. 

m 

0.02 

North  Franklin.  Ida 

Dec. 

i.'i 

Jan.   IC. 

0.005 

Sierra  Nevada,  Nev 

Jan. 

Dec. 

17 

1.-. 

Feb.    K 
Jan.   Ill 

0  111 

Silver  Queen.  Utah 

0  001 

Uintah-Treas.  Hill.  Utah... 

Dec. 

12 

Jan.     C. 

0.01 

Utah    Nev 

Jan. 
Dec. 

111 

In 

Jan.  31 
Jan.   10 

0  115 

Vienna  Vein.  Ida 

0  001 

lloiitlily   .Averape  Prioe.M  <if  ^letalN 

su.VKi: 


Mouth. 


January 

February — 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aueu.st 

September.. 

October 

November.., 
Decern  her... 


Total 51.502 


New  York.  '     London. 


1909.  I  I'.IIO.  I  19U9.     191U. 


.7iJ0  ,52 
.472  51 
.408  51 
.42K  53 
.'.105  ,53 
538.53 
II43'54 
125  .52 
41(1  53 
923  55 
703  55 
2261 . . 


>3.706 


154 
791 
090 
483 
797 
051 
034 
428 
.507 
590 
080 


New    York,    cents    [ler    line    »nnce ;    London. 
pence    per    slnnd.ird    ounce. 


(•<ll'I'i:U. 

New  York. 

London. 

Electiolytlc 

Lake. 

190!). 

1911).     1909.  1  1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

13.893 

13.020  14.280  13  870 

61,198 

00  923 

February 

IS. 949 

13,332  13.295  13.719 

5T , 688 

.59 ,  388 

March 

15.387 

13.2.55  12.826  13. .580 

50,231 

59.214 

April 

12.501 

12.733  12.93»il3.091 

57 , 303 

57 . 238 

May 

12.893 

12.550:13.238 

12.885 

59.338 

.56.313 

Juno 

13,211 

12.104113.548 

12.798 

.59.627 

.55.310 

July 

12  880 

12,215  13.303 

12.570 

.58. .556154. 194 

Aiif;uHt 

13,0117 

12.191113,290 

1 2. 71 5 1 59. 393 

.55.733 

8eiilember  .. 

Vi  870 

12.379  13.210 

12  608;.59  1121 

55.207 

October 

12.700  12. 5.)3  1.3.030 

12.788 

57.551 

56 .722 

November... 

13  125 

12.712  13.354 

12  914 

.58,917 

57,0:14 

December... 

13.298 

|13.047 

59.900 

Tear 

12.982 

13.335 

58,732 

New  York Ik  per  iioiind.      Klei'i rolvl Ic  Is 

for  cnkes.  Inpots  or  wirehnis.    London,  pounds 
slerllng.   per  long  ton.,  sinndnrd   copper. 


Jlonth. 


January  , . 
February  . 

March 

April 

May 

June 


1909.  I  1910. 


SAN   FRANCISCO. 


Dec.  27. 


28.060,32.700 
28.290  32.920 
28.727132.403 


29.445 
29.225 
29.322 


32.976 
33.125 
32.769 


Month. 


1909.     1910. 


July 

.\ugust 

September. 

October 130.475  311. loo 

November..  30.859  36.547 
December..  32.913  , 

Av  Tear..  29.725 


I'lici's  nil'  in   cenLs   per  pound. 


LEAD 


Month. 

New  York. 

St.  Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

190D. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

Jauuary 

February 

March 

April 

May 

4.175 
4.01s 

3 .  986 
4 . 1 68 
4.287 
4.350 
4  321 
4  3r,3 
4.342 
4,341 
4.370 

4 .  560 

4.7011 
4.613 
4.4.59 
4.376 
4.315 
4.343 
4.404 
4.400 
4.400 
4.400 
4  442 

4,025 

3  81,8 
3,835 
4.051 
4,214 
4.291 
4,1,S8 

4  227 
4.215 
4.215 
4 .  252 
4.4.59 

4.. 582 
4.445 
4.307 
4.225 
4.104 
4.207 
4.291 
4.290 
4.289 
4.271 
4.314 

13.113 
13.313 
13.438 
13.297 
13.225 
13.031 
12.563 
12.476 
12.781 
13.175 
13.047 
13.125 

13.650 
13.328 
13 .  063 
12.041 
12.. 550 
12  088 
12  531 
12.513 
I2.«.H2 
13.091 
13.217 

June 

July 

August 

September  . . 

October 

November... 
December . . . 

Year 

4.273 

4.153 

13.049 

Xp\v   York   nnd   St.    T.nuis.   cents  per   pound. 
London,   puiinds  sterling:  por   long  ton. 

SI'KLTKK 


New  York, 

St.   Louis. 

London. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

191U. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

5.141 

6.101 

4.991 

5,9.51 

21.425 

23,350 

February 

4.889 

5. 509 

4.T39 

5 .  419 

21   .562 

23  l.ss 

March 

4.757 

5  037 

4.007 

6.487 

21 , 438 

23  »I31 

April 

4.905 

5 .  439 

4.815 

5.2S9 

21    531 

22  109 

May 

5  124 

5.191 

4,974 

5 ,  H4 1 

21,975 

22,1011 

June 

5,402 

5.12s 

5  252 

4   97,s 

22  oon 

22  1194 

July 

5.402 

5.1.52 

5 ,  252 

5  002 

21    969 

22  J  06 

August 

5 .  729 

5.279 

5 ,  579 

5.129 

22.125 

22   81 10 

September  . . 

5.796 

5.514 

5 .  046 

5.364 

22  901; 

23,105 

October 

6.199 

5 . 1',28 

6.043 

5.4  78 

23  200 

23   9110 

November.. . 

6.381 

5  970 

6.231 

5  820 

23,188 

24  083 

December. . . 

6.249 

6.099 

23.094 

Year 

6, 503 

5.352 

22.201 

Xew   York   and   St.    I.oiiis.   cents   per  pound. 
London,  pounds  sterling  per   long  ton. 

PRICKS  OF  no  inox  at  tmttsiu'uc. 


Bessemer. 

Basic. 

No.  2 
Foundry. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

1909. 

1910. 

January 

Feliruary.... 

March 

April 

May 

June. . .  . 

$17.18 
16.73 
16.40 
15.79 
15.77 
16.13 
16.40 
17.16 
18.44 
19.75 
19.90 
19.90 

$19.90 
18,90 
18  53 
18.28 
17.10 
16. 52 
16,40 
16,09 
15,92 
16.90 
15,84 

$10,40 
16,09 
15.84 
15.05 
15.02 
15.84 
15.90 
16.17 
10.80 
17.84 
18,37 
18,15 

$17.98 
17.21 
16.93 
16.84 
15.94 
15.60 
15.40 
14.89 
14.73 
14.05 
14.26 

$10.26 
15.90 
15.02 
15.06 
15.08 
15.63 
15.96 
16.20 
17.03 
18.02 
18,09 
17.90 

$17.94 
17  38 
17.00 
10.75 
10.18 
16  53 

July 

16.40 
15.10 
14,93 

14.88 
14.78 

.\uguat 

September  . . 

October 

November.. . 
December. . . 

Year 

$17.46 

$16.40 

$16.40 

STOCK  QUOTATIONS 


COLO.  SPRINGS  Dec.  27, 

SALT  LAKE         Doc.  27 

Name  of  Comp. 

Bid. 

Name  ot  Comp. 

Bid. 

Acacia 

.051 

BlUKham  Copper. 

t.l5 

Cripple  Cr'kCon.. 

.02;! 

t'arisa 

J.  12 

C.  K.  &N 

.17 

Colorado  Mining. 

.341 
19 

Doctor  Jrck  Pot. . 

.07  J 

C'olumbus  con... 

Eikton  Con 

.731 

Daly  Jvidge 

4.25 

El  Paso 

.85| 

Grand  tientral... . 

.82 

Fannie  Eawllns.. 

t.05 

Iron  Blossom 

.80 

Findlay 

.06.1 

Little  Bell 

.95 

Gold  Dollar 

,12' 

Little  Chief 

t.22 

(4old  Sovereign... 

.03J 

L<^'Wer  Mammoth. 

.12 

Isabella         

.181 

tMns'Oi  Valley 

9.70 

Jennie  Semplo  .. . 

.101 

Ma.j.   Mines 

J. 53 

Le.xington 

.01:! 

Mav  Dav 

.09 

MojMi  Anchor 

.031 

Nevada  Hills 

2  12j 

Old  Gold 

.04 

New  York 

t.l3 

Mary  McRlnnoy.. 

.49 

Prince  Con 

00 

Pharmacist 

SIlvi'rKlngCoal'n 

1.80 

Portland 

1.05 

Siou.x    C(U1.... 

.31i 

Vindicator 

.011 

Uncle  Sam 

.45 

Work 

.03, 

Victoria 

Jl  07  i 

Name  of  Comp. 

Clg. 

CoMSTocK  Stocks 

t  05 

Belcher 

Best  &  Belcher.... 

Caledfcnia 

Challenge  Cou 

ChoUar 

Mo 

t.io 

.27 
.09 
16 

•Confidonce 

Con.  fal.  &  Va.... 

Crown  Pwint 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Halo  &  Norcross.. 

.40 
.75 
.34 
.16 
.11 
70 

Occidental 

Ophir 

.41 

1  22 

Overman 

Potosi 

Savase 

Sierra  Nevada..., 

Union  Con 

Yellow  Jacket..., 

.25 
t.30 
.10 
.13 
.26 
.■39 

Name  of  Comp. 


MISC.  NEV.  &CAL. 

Belmont 

Jim    Butler 

MacNaniara 

Midway 

Mont.-Tonopah.. . 

North  Star  

West  End  Con 

.\tlanta 

Booth 

C.O.D.  Con 

Comb.  Frac 

Jumbo  E.vtenslon 

Oro 

Silver  Pick 

St.  Ives 

Tramps  Con 

Argonaut 

Bunker  Hill 

Cent.  Eureka 

So.  Eureka 


Bid. 


4.52i 
.25 

.18 

.16 

.90 

.04 

.53 

.13 

.08 

J. 15 

.15 

.25 

.05 

.05 

.15 

.02 

tl.OO 

i7.25 

11,10 

JO. 25 


N.  Y.  E.\CH. 


Name  of  Comp. 


Amalgamated .... 
Am.  .\gri.  Chem.. 
Am.Sm.&Ref.,com 
Am.Sm.  &Eef..pt. 

Anaconda 

Batopilas  Min 

BethleliemSteel  pf 
Federal  M.  &S.,pf, 

ftoldliold  Cou 

Grial  Ni,r..orectt. 

Hionistrike 

NafiialLead.com. 
National  Lead,  pf. 

Nev.  t'onsol 

Pittsburg  Coal.pf. 
ReiMiblicI&S.com. 
Bepubllc  I  &S,  pf. 
SlossSlieffi'd.com. 
Sloss  Shoffleld.  pf. 
Tennessee  Copper 

Ut.ali  Copper 

U.  S.  Steel,  com... 

U.  S.  Steel,  pt 

Va.  c.ar.  Chem. . . . 


6114- 

45!, 

72  >i 
102  "s 

38  >i 
2 
t59 
158 
»H 

.56)4 
185 

53 
tl«0>i 

18'., 
tOO>2 

30 
:93K 
J49?i 

;ii4'i 
w; 
44  s, 

71% 

111'.', 

61  Jj 


N.  Y.  CURB 


Dec.  27 


Name  of  Comp. 


Ariz.-Cananea .... 

Barues  King 

Bonanza  Creek. . . 
Braden  Copper. . . 

B.  C.  Copper 

Buffalo  Mines 

Butte  Coalition. . . 

Caledonia 

Calumet  &  Mont.. 
Canadian  Mines.. 

Chiuo 

Cobalt  Central 

Con.  Ariz.  Sra 

Davi.s-Daly 

Dominion  Cop 

Elv  Con 

El  Rays 

Florence 

Glrou.x 

Greene  Cananea.. 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Guggen.  Exp 

Kerr  L.ake 

La  Rose 

McKinley-Dai--Sa. 
Miami  Copper.... 
Mines  Co.  of  Am. . 
^font.  Shoshone. . 
Nev,  Utah  M.  &  S. 
Nipissing  Mines.. 

Ohio  Gopi}er 

Pacillc  Sm.  &  M.. 
Precious  Metals.. 

Eav  Central 

Ra.v  Con 

Red  Warrior 

South  Utah  M.&S. 

Standard  Oil 

Stewart 

Tonopah 

T(uif>i)ali  Ex 

TrI-Bulllon 

Tularosa 

Union  Mines 

Yukon  Gold 


Clg. 


3Ji 

+  r, 
+  16 

i 
1% 

}2A 

y. 

90 
I8H 
21  is 
10 

m 
t^ 

31 

4 
IX 

B\ 

IJ.- 
195 

1.25 
19% 

m 

t.l4 

% 

10?i 

l>i 

s 

2i'c 
18 
IX 
1 
617 
H 
8A 
.99^ 

h 
3}i 


LONDON        Deo.  28 


Name  of  Com. 


Dolores. 

£1  108 

Od 

Straiten  "slnd. 

0    3 

3 

Camp  Bird.... 

1  12 

10 

EHpnra,nza 

118 

1 

Tomboy 

015 

7 

El  Oro 

1    0 

9 

Orovlllo 

0    6 

0 

Mexico  Minos 

7  17 

r> 

clg. 


BOSTON  EXCH.    Dec.  27 


Name  of  c'omp. 


Adventure 

.\lgoniah 

AUouez 

Am.  Zinc 

Arcadian 

Arizona  Com 

Atlantic 

Bonanza 

Boston  &  Corbin . . 
Butte  &  Balak.... 
Calumet  &  Ariz... 
Calumet  &  Hecla. 

Centennial 

Con.  Mercur 

Copjjer  Range 

Daly-West 

East  Butte 

Franklin 

Granby 

Hancock 

Helvetia 

Indiana 

Isle  Royale 

Keweenaw 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Mass 

Michigan 

Mohawk 

Nevada  

North  Butte 

North  Lake 

OJibway 

Old  Dominion 

Osceola '. 

Parrot 

Quincy 

Shannon 

Superior 

Superior  i  Best.. 
Superior  &  Pitts. . 

Tamarack 

Trinity 

U.  S.  Mining 

U.  S,  Mining,  pf,, 

Utah  Aiie.^ 

Utah  Cou 

Victoria  

Winonp,,. 

Wolverine 

Wyandot 


Clg. 

25>i 

ti 

tUH 

to 

J. 50 

12 

6 

^  47},' 

{560 

tn 

JO 
67 

3}i 
11 'i 
J9VJ 
38 

20K 

12 

ll>i 
tn 
3 

33 
7 

Vli 

t3>i 
140 

27 

t8 
t36Ji 
127 
J12 

70 

n% 

41 

SX 
14 

n^ 
343i 

47',- 

13 

V-'H 
lis 

t'lS 


BOSTON  CURB    Dec.  27 


Name  of  Comp. 

Last. 

Ahmeek 

tlS3 

Bingham  Mines. . 

Bustun  Ely 

.'.t7 

Boswywcolo 

t.*''>i 

24 

Calaveras 

2,l:0?< 
,03li 

Chamvdou 

t-*8'^ 

Chief  ('ona 

I'i 

(]ons.  Ariz 

li'n 

tl-371 

-a 

Crown  Reserve 

First  Nat.  Cop 

1% 

Inspiration 

»ii 

Mackinaw 

43 

Majostic 

.39 

Nafl  Mine  &  Ex.. 

.07 

Novadn-DuUf^las. . 

2>f 

Oneco 

fi  00 

Rnv(>n  Copper 

.45 

RIi«.d.>]slandCoal 

6 

San  Antonio 

t" 

Shftttuck-ArlK 

U*ii 

South  Lake 

7 

Suporiof  it  Globe. 

13 

Trothewey 

Tunlunino  Copper 

Vulture 

8(4 
.30 

■  I .:is(    iinot.'i ti">n. 


BINOINGSeCT.    m\2m 


TA 

1 

V.90 
Engin . 


E/MJ.     Engineering  and 
mining  journal 


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